naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ivor Thord - Gray Ivor Thord - Gray ( April 17 , 1878 – August 18 , 1964 ) was a Swedish - born adventurer , ethnologist and linguist . Biography . Thord Ivar Hallström was born in the Södermalm district in central Stockholm , Sweden as the second son of an elementary school teacher August Hallström and his wife Hilda . His eldest brother was the artist ( 1875 – 1943 ) . His youngest brother was the archaeologist ( 1880 – 1962 ) . In 1893 he joined the Merchant Marine and sailed on three ships before going ashore in Cape Town , South Africa during December 1895 . He joined the Cape Mounted Rifles in South Africa as a Private in 1897 . Between 1897 and 1919 , Thord - Gray participated in 13 different wars covering several continents . He changed his name to Gray in 1899 and Thord - Gray 1917 . In 1923 , he wrote a book about Mexican archeology " Från Mexicos forntid : bland tempelruiner och gudabilder " ( Stockholm : A . B . Gunnar Tisells Tekniska Förlag , 1923 ) . In 1925 Thord - Gray moved to the United States and established I . T . Gray & Co , an investment bank located at 522 Fifth Avenue in New York City . He became a citizen of the United States during 1934 . He was married to Josephine Toerge - Schaefer ( 1925 – 1932 ) who had two children , Edward and Frances . He was subsequently married to Winnifred Ingersoll ( 1933 – 1960 ) . In 1929 , he established residence at Gray Court in Belle Haven in Greenwich , Connecticut . In August 1935 he was appointed Major - General and Chief - of - Staff to Governor David Sholtz of Florida . In 1955 , he wrote " Tarahumara - English , English - Tarahumara dictionary and an introduction to Tarahumara grammar " . ( Coral Gables , Fla . , University of Miami Press , 1955 ) . He also wrote a book about his experiences in the Mexican Revolution , " Gringo Rebel : Mexico 1913 – 1914 " ( Coral Gables , Fla . : University of Miami Press , 1961 ) . In later years he had his winter home in Coral Gables , Florida .
Battle of Chustenahlah The Battle of Chustenahlah was fought in Osage County , Oklahoma , ( then Indian Territory ) on December 26 , 1861 , during the American Civil War . A band of 9 , 000 pro - Union Native Americans was forced to flee to Kansas in bitter cold and snow in what became known as the Trail of Blood on Ice . Confederate troops undertook a campaign to subdue the Native American Union sympathizers in Indian Territory and consolidate control . They attacked Chief Opothleyahola ' s band of Creeks and Seminoles ( led by Chief Halek Tustenuggee ) earlier at Round Mountain and Chusto - Talasah . Now , they wanted to finish them off by assaulting them in their camp at " Chustenahlah " ( corruption of the Cherokee word " U - s - ta - la - na " , meaning a shoal or sandbar in a stream or creek ) in a well - protected cove on Bird Creek . Colonel James M . McIntosh and Col . Douglas H . Cooper , commanding the Indian Department , planned a combined attack with each of their columns moving on the camp from different directions . McIntosh left Fort Gibson on December 22 , with 1 , 380 men . On December 25 , he was informed that Cooper ’ s force could not join him for a while , but he decided to attack the next day , despite being outnumbered and facing severe cold weather conditions . McIntosh assaulted the camp at noon . The 1 , 700 pro - Union defenders were secluded in the underbrush along the slope of a rugged hill . McIntosh devised a plan to converge on the crest , with the South Kansas - Texas Cavalry ( also known as the 3rd Texas ) ordered to charge directly up the steep bluff on foot . The 11th Texas advanced to their left using a defile for concealment , while the 6th Texas circled to the right . As the Confederate attack progressed , the Native Americans began to fall back , taking cover for a while and then moving back . The retreat became a rout as the Federals reached their camp . The Indians attempted to make a stand there but were forced away again by 4 : 00 p . m . The survivors fled ; many went all the way to Kansas where they found loyal Unionists . Three hundred Cherokees under Col . Stand Watie intercepted the fleeing Creeks and Seminoles , killing 15 of them . Chief Opothleyahola ’ s band mounted no further resistance , and nearly 2 , 000 of them died on or shortly after the trek to Fort Row , Kansas , mostly due to exposure and disease . The victorious Confederates captured 160 women and children , 20 blacks , 30 wagons , 70 yoke of oxen , about 500 Indian horses , several hundred head of cattle , 100 sheep , and large quantities of supplies . Casualties were 9 killed and 40 wounded for the Confederates . Col . McIntosh in his official report estimated the Indians ' loss as 250 . Order of battle . " McIntosh ' s Brigade " ( Confederate ) – Col . James McQueen McIntosh " Principal Indian Commanders " ( Union ) – Chief Opothleyahola ( Creeks ) , Chief Halek Tustenuggee and Billy Bowlegs ( Seminoles ) External links . < - - coord from CWSAC survey / - - >
Battle of Marstrand The battle of Marstrand was a successful Danish - Norwegian siege of the harbor town of Marstrand , Sweden which took place between July 6 and July 23 , 1677 , during the Scanian War . Prelude . In January 1677 , a strong point in Strömstad was taken by a Swedish force . After a fiercely cold winter struck , no military movements took place until June , when Ulrik Fredrik Gyldenløve sent 2 , 000 men under the command of general Hans Løvenhjelm across the border to Bohuslän to retake Strömstad . After doing this Løvenhielm proceeded to Uddevalla . Simultaneously , Gyldenløve shipped out a considerable force ( 1 , 600 men according to Danish sources , 3 , 000 according to Swedish sources ) in the direction of Marstrand . He landed on the neighboring island of Koön on July 6 and began besieging the town . Development . Marstrand was defended by the fortress of Carlsten and the three strong - points Malepert ( on the east side of the northern harbour inlet ) , Gustafsborg ( by the southern harbour inlet ) , and Hedvigsholm ( on a skerry located in the harbour itself ) . The defenders tallied 600 , led by commander ( " kommendant " ) Anders Sinclair . When demanded to evacuate the fortress , Sinclair replied " . . . there was no fortress to yield , but if the enemy would like to visit , there would be a fine welcoming party . " The Danes attacked Hedvigsholm first ; after withstanding several attacks , the Swedes defending it were forced to abanadon it and retire to Carlsten on July 20 . Malepert had been taken already on July 13 , and Gustafsberg was abandoned soon thereafter . Carlsten no longer had outposts , and after strong bombardment from all sides , finally surrendered on July 23 , with the condition that the commander along with his men would be sent to Värmland . Aftermath . After taking Carlsten , Gyldenløve installed a strong detachment of troops under Løvenhjelm to defend Marstrand before returning to Norway . Through the conquest of Marstrand Denmark obtained a safe , ice - free harbour . This in turn further enabled the Danish blockade of Gothenburg . However , Løvenhjelm soon found himself threatened by approaching Swedish forces , and retired with his men to Strömstad in August .
Hermann Braun Hermann Braun ( November 1 , 1917 – January 18 or 20 , 1945 ) was an American - born German motion - picture actor , and the son of chamber singer Carl Braun . Biography . New York City - born , Braun made his film debut in 1933 with " Der Jäger aus Kurpfalz " . Braun was initially slated for the role of “ Heini Völker ” in " Hitlerjunge Quex " . However , illness , prevented his from doing so . The part was played by Jürgen Ohlsen . He was Pola Negri ' s leading man in her Third Reich film " Die Fromme Lüge " ( 1938 ) , where he plays a young man in her life who we are led to believe is her young lover but turns out to be her son . Braun also played in the Emil Jannings picture " Traumulus " ( 1936 ) and in the Veit Harlan - directed " Jugend " ( 1938 ) . His final film was " Kleine Mädchen - große Sorgen " ( 1941 ) , opposite actress Hannelore Schroth . Unlike his father who was an early sympathizer with the Nazis and a member of the anti - Semitic Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur , Hermann Braun an anti - Nazi stance and retired from ( or was forced out of ) the Nazi - controlled motion picture industry . Drafted into the German military , he saw action on the Russian front during World War II . most sources state that he was killed in heavy fighting on January 18 , 1945 near Lodz , Poland . However , the German War Graves Commission memorial for Braun states that he rose to the rank of Lieutenant and died on January 20 , 1945 . Perhaps he was wounded on January 18 and died two days later . He is buried at Lodz . Braun was 27 years old . Braun descended from an artistic family . His father Carl Braun was a famous opera singer , his mother Gertrude Botz was a stage actress at the Lübeck Theater , and his sister Anne - Mary Braun was also an actress .
Minerva Initiative The Minerva Research Initiative was announced in 2008 by Secretary of Defense Robert M . Gates . Minerva looks to tap into the community of area specialists and other university researchers , particularly those who work on Islam , Iraq , China , and related areas . History . In 2008 the project was provided $ 50 million by the United States Department of Defense to fund academic research on five separate themes . One focus was on China , a second on terrorism , a third on Iraq , a fourth on Islam , and a fifth that is open . The goal was to create improved relations between the Department of Defense and the universities and to develop knowledge that the military can benefit from in the long term . Minerva has proven controversial . Although many scholars support Minerva , a number of academic researchers have sounded public alarm about the prospect of Defense Department funding for research . The American Anthropological Association sent a public letter suggesting that the funding be transferred to a different body , such as the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) . Hugh Gusterson , a prominent anthropologist at George Mason University , has written a series of articles in a variety of venues that have attracted significant attention . He worries that : " any attempt to centralize thinking about culture and terrorism under the Pentagon ’ s roof will inevitably produce an intellectually shrunken outcome . . . The Pentagon will have the false comfort of believing that it has harnessed the best and the brightest minds , when in fact it will have only received a very limited slice of what the ivory tower has to offer — academics who have no problem taking Pentagon funds . Social scientists call this “ selection bias , ” and it can lead to dangerous analytical errors . " The Department of Defense funds Minerva directly and through the National Science Foundation .
18th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 18th Infantry Division was formed on 1 October 1934 as Infanterieführer III in Liegnitz and renamed " 18 . Infanterie - Division " on 15 October 1935 . Mobilized in August 1939 it participated in the Invasion of Poland and in 1940 in the Battle of France . After the French campaign the division was motorized and redesignated 18th Motorized Infantry Division on 1 November 1940 serving on the Eastern Front for the remainder of the war . In June 1943 the division was redesignated 18th Panzergrenadier Division . German 18th Motorized Infantry Division . Formed 1 November 1940 German 18th Panzergrenadier Division . Formed on 23 June 1943 .
Pre - dawn raid A pre - dawn raid is a military tactic that involves a group of people , usually military personnel , raid ing a location in order to gain an upper hand in combat , retrieve an important document or file , or capture a specific person . The hostage is usually of high political influence or a leader of an opposing military institution . Pre - dawn raids usually occur during the early morning ( usually between one and four o ' clock ) , when most civilians and military personnel are asleep . The force raiding then makes a covert entry across enemy lines into a civilian area or military encampment . It is then the raiding army or force ' s goal to carry out the mission of capturing the person , file , or to kill some of the opposing army while they are left defenseless .
Franz Weller Franz Weller ( 5 December 1901 – 14 August 1994 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Franz Weller was captured in May 1945 by Allied troops and was held until 1946 . He joined the Bundeswehr in 1956 and retired in 1962 .
USS Flusser ( DD - 289 ) The third USS " Flusser " ( DD - 289 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for Charles W . Flusser . History . " Flusser " was launched 7 November 1919 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Squantum , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Mrs . Maude F . Williams ; and commissioned 25 February 1920 , Commander R . S . Galloway in command . " Flusser " ' s first active service was patrol duty in Mexican waters between 9 May 1920 and 17 June , based at Key West . She carried out a comprehensive training schedule along the east coast and in the Caribbean until 18 June 1924 when she sailed from Newport , Rhode Island for a tour of duty with U . S . Naval Forces , Europe , calling at ports in 15 countries before returning to New York 16 July 1925 . Returning to east coast and Caribbean operations , " Flusser " aided in the development of destroyer tactics and carried reservists on training cruises until decommissioned at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 1 May 1930 . She was scrapped 22 October 1930 in accordance with the terms of the London Treaty limiting naval armaments .
RFA Wave Prince ( A207 ) RFA " Wave Prince " ( A207 ) was a Wave - class fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . She was built by Sir J . Laing & Sons Ltd at Sunderland and was employed as an underway replenishment oiler . During 1961 - 1962 she was modified extensively , laid up at Devonport in August 1965 and arrived in Burriana , Spain for scrapping on 16 December 1971 .
Jules Moch ( French Army officer ) Jules Moch ( Born at Sarrelouis August 14 , 1829 - Died in Paris August 8 , 1881 ) was a French officer . He was a colonel of the 130th . Regiment of Infantry . On the completion of his classical studies at the lycée of Metz , he then entered the military school of Saint - Cyr in 1849 , and was appointed sublieutenant of infantry in 1851 . From 1855 - 56 , Moch took part in the campaigns in the crimea and from 1860 - 61 in Syria , as well as the occupation of Rome between 1867 - 67 . In the Franco - Prussian War , 1870 - 71 he was given command of the 3rd . Regiment battalion , for which he had the mornful distinction of firing the last shots of the war , and took an honorable part of in his capture and escape during the battle of Sedan in September 1870 During the interval between the Crimean and Syrian campaigns , he was tutor - instructor at the school of Saint - Cyr . Later he would return as an examiner . After the conclusion of the Franco - Prussian War , he would have published in various military journals a number of articles on the reorganization of the army . He was one of the co - founders and vice - president of the assembly of officers ( known as the " Military Club " ) , many of French Jewish origin rising through the ranks of the French Army . He was also the Father of French military officer , Gaston Moch and Grandfather of French statesman , Jules S . Moch .
Curtiss A - 8 The A - 8 was a low - wing monoplane ground - attack aircraft built by the United States company Curtiss , designed in response to a 1929 United States Army Air Corps requirement for an attack aircraft to replace the A - 3 Falcon . The Model 59 " Shrike " was designated XA - 8 ( the " Shrike " nickname was not officially adopted ) . Development . The XA - 8 won a competition against the General Aviation / Fokker XA - 7 , after which 13 service test aircraft were ordered ( five as YA - 8s and eight as Y1A - 8s ) . After the completion of testing , 11 of these aircraft were redesignated A - 8 . The A - 8 was the first Curtiss machine of all - metal low - wing monoplane configuration with advanced features such as automatic leading edge slats and trailing - edge flaps . Four forward - firing . 30 in ( 7 . 62 mm ) machine gun s were mounted in the wheel fairings , and an additional weapon of the same calibre was fitted in the observer ' s cockpit for rear defense . The standard bomb load was four 100 lb ( 45 kg ) bombs . One YA - 8 was fitted with a radial engine and designated YA - 10 , while another was used for testing of the Curtiss V - 1570 Conqueror engine as the Y1A - 8A . This aircraft was redesignated A - 8 upon the completion of testing . 46 aircraft were ordered as A - 8Bs , however the order was changed to the Model 60 A - 12s before production began . Operational history . The A - 8 created a sensation in US aviation circles when it went into service with the 3rd Attack Group at Fort Crockett , Texas in April 1932 . All other standard aircraft were of biplane configuration , and the first monoplane fighter ( the Boeing P - 26A ) did not become operational until eight months later .
USS Lockwood ( FF - 1064 ) USS " Lockwood " ( FF - 1064 ) was the 13th " Knox " class Destroyer Escort , redesignated a Frigate in 1975 . She was named for Charles A . Lockwood . She was constructed by Todd Pacific Shipyards , Seattle , Washington , laid down 3 November 1967 , launched 5 September 1968 and delivered 1 December 1970 . " Lockwood " was commissioned 5 December 1970 , decommissioned and stricken from the Navy list on 27 September 1993 . Contract awarded 29 September 1999 for $ 3 . 7 million to Ship Dismantling & Recycling Joint Venture , San Francisco , California for towing / scrapping and Disposed of by Recycling , 4 August 2000 .
World War I medal abbreviations When a World War I medal was issued , it was issued with a Service Number , Rank , Name and Regiment . This information should be on every medal that was issued during the First World War . During World War I , there were four main medals issued , these were 1914 Star , 1914 - 15 Star , Victory Medal , British War Medal . Although these four were the main medals issued there were many other medals around in World War I . Service Number . From a service number it is sometimes possible to determine in which part of the army a medal holder served . However , this is not always the case ; this does not apply to the Silver War Badge ( SWB ) , which has its own code . Prefix letters and numbers . The following is an estimated list of all the Prefix Letter & Numbers . Abbreviations for Rank and Unit . There are many abbreviations for the rank and unit of a man . The National archive gives full listings of both Ranks and Units in which he might have served . Medal Card Abbreviations . Theatres Of War Up to 31 December 1915 - - - - From 1 January 1916 1 . . . 1 Western Europe . . . a France and Belgium . . . b Italy 2 . . . 2 Balkans . . . a Greek Macedonia , Serbia , Bulgaria and European Turkey . . . b Gallipoli ( Dardanelles ) 3 . . . 3 Russia ( 4 – 5 August 1914 to 1 – 2 July 1920 ) 4 . . . 4 Egypt . . . a 4 – 5 November 1914 to 18 – 19 March 1916 . . . b 18 – 19 March 1916 to 31 October - 1 November 1918 5 . . . 5 Africa . . . a East Africa , Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia . . . b South West Africa . . . c Cameroon . . . d Nigeria . . . e Togoland 6 . . . 6 Asia . . . a Hedjaz . . . b Mesopotamia . . . c Persia . . . d Trans Caspia . . . e South West Arabia . . . f Aden . . . g Frontier regions of India . . . h Tsingtau 7 . . . 7 Australasia . . . a New Britain . . . b New Ireland . . . c Kaiser Wilhelmland . . . d Admiralty Islands . . . e Nauru . . . f German Samoa
Pingley POW Camp Pingley POW ( prisoner of war ) camp is one of the few prisoner of war camps in the United Kingdom that remains in good condition . Unlike the relatively nearby Eden Camp which is preserved as a Second World War museum , Pingley Camp lies in a semi derelict state in the grounds of Pingley Farm . It is situated on the outskirts of Brigg , Lincolnshire . The camp was used to house mainly Italian prisoners of war , though Germans were also held there . After the war the camp was used as an emergency sheltered housing under the name Pingley Farm Hostel . The original buildings used ( and constructed ) by the prisoners are situated towards the rear of the site entrance and remain in bad condition . The brick buildings at the front of the site are in fairly good condition , and have post war modifications dating from around 1950 – 1980 . The camp has been demolished as of January 2009 , and the site is due for redevelopment as housing . The area is being developed with ten luxury executive houses . The first was started in July 2010 .
Kōriki Tadafusa Biography . Kōriki Tadafusa was born in Hamamatsu , Tōtōmi Province in 1584 as the eldest son of the daimyō of Iwatsuki Domain ( 20 , 000 " koku " ) in Musashi , Kōriki Masanaga . However , as his father died when Tadafusa was still young , he was raised by his grandfather Kiyonaga . Tadafusa inherited the lordship of the Iwatsuki Domain from his grandfather in 1599 , and shortly afterward , joined Tokugawa Hidetada ' s army at the Battle of Sekigahara . In the wake of Sekigahara , Mashita Nagamori was entrusteed to Tadafusa ' s care . In 1609 , Iwatsuki Castle was destroyed by fire . In 1614 , Tadafusa was assigned to oversee the smooth transfer of Odawara Domain from the disgraced Ōkubo Tadachika to Abe Masatsugu . Tadafusa also took part in the Siege of Osaka , and pursued the remnants of Toyotomi forces led by Doi Toshikatsu into Yamato Province . In 1619 , he was transferred to Hamamatsu Domain ( 30 , 000 " koku " ) , which was increased in revenue to 40 , 000 " koku " by 1634 . In April 1639 , the wake of the Shimabara Rebellion , Tadafusa was reassigned by order of Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu to Shimabara Domain ( 40 , 000 " koku " ) in Hizen Province . The new territory was a wasteland devastated by years of rebellion and warfare . However , Tadafusa was able to restore the area to its former productivity within a year through tax exemptions , pardons of surviving rebels , and encouraging immigration of farmers from other areas of Japan . He was also assigned the security of Nagasaki with its foreign trade port , and was an important element in the security system of the Tokugawa shogunate in a mostly " tozama " - held Kyūshū . Tadafusa was married to a daughter of Sanada Nobuyuki of Ueda Domain , and was succeeded by his son Kōriki Takanaga .
Joseph Lagrange ( soldier ) Count Joseph Lagrange ( 10 January 1763 – 16 January 1836 ) was a French soldier who rose through the ranks and gained promotion to the rank of general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars , subsequently pursuing a successful career during the Napoleonic Wars and winning promotion to the top military rank of General of Division .
Edgar Morgan ( rugby union ) Edgar Morgan ( 15 April 1882 – April 1962 ) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Swansea Rugby Football Club and the British Lions Morgan made his Swansea debut in 1907 and played in the Swansea victories over both touring Australian ( 1908 ) and South African ( 1912 ) teams . He joined the British Army during World War I , and was later commissioned as an infantry officer before transferring to the Royal Engineers . International career . Morgan gained his first international cap , when he was called up to play for Arthur Harding ' s Anglo - Welsh , British Lions team that toured New Zealand and Australia in 1908 . It took a further six years until Morgan won his first Welsh cap against England at Twickenham on 17 January 1914 . Morgan played all four home nation games that season and may have gained more caps but for the outbreak of the World War . " International matches played "