naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cheng Yin ( Han Dynasty ) Cheng Yin was a general controlling parts of Guanzhong during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . He was born in Hedong prefecture ( 河東 ) of Sili commandery ( 司隷 ) . When Cao Cao invaded Guanzhong , Cheng Yin joined a coalition resisting Cao Cao with Ma Chao , Han Sui , etc . However , the coalition was defeated in the Battle of Tong Pass and he fled to seek refuge under Zhang Lu in Hanzhong . When Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao , Cheng Yin followed . In fiction . In Luo Guanzhong ' s historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , Cheng was one of the eight generals serving under Han Sui . He assaulted Chang ' an and guarded it from Cao Cao , but was killed when Cao Cao retook the city .
Fort Komenda Fort Komenda was a British fort on the Gold Coast , established between 1695 and 1698 at Komenda , in contemporary Ghana . The fort had a very peculiar architecture , as this four - bastioned structure was built around an earlier four - bastioned English trading post , built in 1633 . The fort was built within cannon - shot distance to the Dutch Fort Vredenburgh . It was abandoned in 1816 , after the abolition of slave trade . The ruin of the fort was transferred to the Dutch as part of a large trade of forts between Britain and the Netherlands in 1868 . When a Dutch navy ship entered the harbour of Komenda , however , the local population resisted the transfer of the fort to the Dutch . Through the use of force , Dutch rule was eventually established . Between December 1869 and January 1870 , a military expedition was sent to the local capital of Kwassie - Krom . A deadly battle ensued , but the Dutch managed to emerge as victors . It was a Pyrrhic victory , however , as the ongoing problems with the local population meant that on 6 April 1872 , the entire Dutch Gold Coast , was again transferred to the United Kingdom , as per the Gold Coast treaty of 1871 . References .
Gerard Broadmead Roope Lieutenant - Commander Gerard Broadmead Roope VC RN ( 13 March 1905 – 8 April 1940 ) was a posthumous British recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Being a 35 - year - old Royal Navy commanding officer , his action was the first awarded a VC in the Second World War ( although the award was gazetted after the hostilities ) , and he is one of very few to have the award justified , in part , by a recommendation and supporting evidence provided by the enemy . Gallantry in action . On 8 April 1940 , in the Norwegian Sea , HMS " Glowworm " ( 1 , 345 tons ) , commanded by Lt - Cdr Roope , engaged two enemy destroyers while heading alone to Norway ' s West Fjord . After one of the enemy ships was hit , they both broke off and retreated to the north . Though aware that the enemy destroyers were attempting to draw him towards German capital ships , he gave chase . " Glowworm " soon spotted the German cruiser " Admiral Hipper " ( 14 , 000 tons ) . He alerted the Home Fleet before turning to engage the cruiser . " Glowworm " fired ten torpedoes but scored no hits and was soon battered by enemy rounds and set on fire . With only three guns still firing , Roope successfully rammed the cruiser as a last gesture of defiance . " Glowworm " then fired one more salvo , scoring a hit , before she capsized and sank . Of the crew of 149 , one officer and 30 men survived and were chivalrously picked up by the " Admiral Hipper " . Lt - Cdr Roope was drowned in the course of assisting rescue of survivors . The extensive damage she had sustained forced the " Admiral Hipper " to return to port for repairs . The " Admiral Hipper " ' s commander , Kapitän zur See Heye , wrote to the British authorities via the Red Cross , recommending award of the VC for his opponent ' s courage while engaging a vastly superior warship . The medal . The award was London Gazetted on 10 July 1945 , and presented to his widow on 12 February 1946 . This Victoria Cross is currently in private ownership and is not on public display . Literary reference . The novel " Battle of the April Storm " , by Larry Forrester , is based upon the action between " Glowworm " and " Hipper " . The characters are fictional , including the " Glowworm " ' s captain , but the story depicts an " unlucky " ship that is redeemed by an heroic final action and , at the end , the fellowship between mariners , even enemies .
Fort Laurens Fort Laurens was an American Revolutionary War fort in what is now the U . S . state of Ohio . Overview . The fort was built by General Lachlan McIntosh , in 1778 , on the west bank of the Tuscarawas River , now in Tuscarawas County near the town of Bolivar . The fort was intended to be a staging point for an attack against the British garrison at Detroit . However , the conditions at the fort were harsh during the winter , and McIntosh removed most of the American forces to Fort Pitt , leaving only about 150 men ( from the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment and 13th Virginia Regiment ) under the command of Colonel John Gibson . Fort Laurens was the only fort built in the Ohio Country during the Revolutionary War . Siege . The British learned of the miserable conditions at the fort , and on February 22 , 1779 , Captain Henry Bird of the 8th Regiment of Foot with a handful of British soldiers and a couple hundred Wyandot , Mingo , Munsee , and Delaware warriors laid siege to the fort . The siege continued until mid - March , and the men inside the fort reportedly were reduced to making a stew of boiled moccasins The British forces were also weakened by the long siege and lifted the siege on March 20 , 1779 . Relief forces from Fort Pitt arrived three days later , leaving a force of 106 men behind under the command of Major Frederick Vernon . Colonel Daniel Brodhead had replaced McIntosh as commander at Fort Pitt and felt the fort was inadequate for mounting an attack on Fort Detroit . The fort was abandoned on August 2 , 1779 . It was named after Henry Laurens , a president of the Continental Congress from South Carolina . The fort was used as a reference point in defining the boundary line in Treaty of Greenville , although the text of the treaty misspells the name as " Fort Lawrence " . Funds are currently being raised to build a replica of the fort on the original site . Fort Laurens Museum & Park . The Ohio Historical Society operates a small museum at the site with exhibits about the frontier soldier , a video about the fort ' s history and archaeological artifacts from the fort ' s excavation . The museum is located in a large park that is the used for military reenactments . A crypt in the museum wall contains remains of soldiers who died defending the fort . The site is closed in the winter . In 1970 , the fort site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
Operation Iron Hammer ( Iraq 2003 ) Operation Iron Hammer was a joint operation between the US Army , US Air Force and Iraqi Civil Defense Corps with the objective of preventing the staging of weapons by anti - coalition forces , and preemptively destroy enemy operating bases and fighters in Baghdad . Launch . The operation was launched on the night of 12 November 2003 by elements of the US Army ’ s 1st Armored Division who performed cordon - and - search actions in several Baghdad neighborhoods . The operation ’ s first salvo came when 1st Armored Division soldiers saw mortar rounds being fired from a van and gave chase , noting stops it made . An AH - 64 Apache helicopter followed the van and attacked it , killing two suspected anti - coalition fighters and wounding three others . Five others were captured . Soldiers found an 82 mm mortar launch tube at one of the van ' s stops . Strikes . In Operation Iron Hammer the military began preemptively destroying buildings suspected to be bases of operations for anti - coalition forces . The buildings included the former Republican Guard building , in the western part of the capital near Baghdad International Airport , and a warehouse in southern Baghdad . Both buildings had been used to conduct attacks on U . S . troops and were destroyed by AC - 130 Spectre gunship s and M2 Bradley fighting vehicles . U . S . forces also fired artillery rounds at two suspected mortar and rocket launch sites , one in western Baghdad and one in eastern Baghdad . Conclusion . At the conclusion of Operation Iron Hammer Coalition forces has conducted 609 patrols in and around Baghdad capturing 33 enemy personnel . Combat actions included two cordon - and - search operations in Baghdad , detaining six people with suspected ties to the Fedayeen Saddam paramilitary organization and other anti - coalition elements . Another cordon - and - search operation in Baghdad ' s Azamiyah section netted 25 enemy personnel , including a former Republican Guard general , and significant quantities of weapons and ammunition . A joint cordon - and - search operation was also conducted in the Abu Ghuraib area with the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps . Casualties . No casualty figures are available . Please see Wikipage " Casualties of Iraq War " for information on casualty figures for the war in general . Next Operations . Followed Operation OK Corral , followed by Operation Eagle Curtain .
2nd Punjab Regiment The 2nd Punjab Regiment was a British Indian Army regiment from 1922 to the partition of India in 1947 . The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of other regiments : History . The first battalion was raised at Trichinopoly in 1761 as " Coast Sepoys " . The first four battalions were raised during the hostilities in the Carnatic in south India between 1761 and 1776 . The numbers and titles of the battalions changed during the successive reorganisations of the Madras Presidency Army and later of the Indian Army . The regiment insginia is of a naval vessel , a galley . It was awarded to 69th Punjabis in recognition of the readiness to serve overseas , after the battalion had fought in eight overseas campaigns by 1824 .
4th South Carolina Regiment The 4th South Carolina Regiment was raised on November 13 , 1775 at Charleston , South Carolina for service with the Continental Army . History . The regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah and the Siege of Charleston . The regiment was captured at Charleston on May 12 , 1780 together with the rest of the Southern Department by the British Army . The regiment was disbanded on November 15 , 1783 .
Thomas B . Hayward Admiral Thomas Bibb Hayward ( born May 3 , 1924 ) was Chief of Naval Operations ( CNO ) for the United States Navy from July 1 , 1978 , until June 30 , 1982 , after which he retired from military service . He is a 1947 graduate of the United States Naval Academy . Hayward ’ s career began on the USS Antietam ( CV - 36 ) , he attended flight training in Pensacola , Florida , and received his wings in July 1950 . From the decks of the USS Essex ( CV - 9 ) and USS Valley Forge ( CV - 45 ) , he accumulated 146 combat missions over Korea and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross , ten Air Medal s , and three Navy Commendation Medal s with Combat " V " . During the Vietnam War , Hayward flew 36 missions , receiving the Legion of Merit and three Air Medals Before his appointment as CNO , the admiral had tours of duty as : In 1981 , he was awarded the Society of Experimental Test Pilots James H . Doolittle Award . In January 2007 , the United States Naval Academy Alumni Association announced Admiral Thomas B . Hayward as one of four recipients of its 2007 Distinguished Graduate Award . Admiral Hayward is one of the senior signatories of the March 31 , 2009 letter urging the president to maintain the controversial " Don ' t Ask , Don ' t Tell " policy .
Operation Minsk Operation Minsk refers to the Polish offensive and capture of Minsk from the Soviet Russia in early August 1919 . In the summer of 1919 after the Polish successes in several Polish - Russian skirmishes , the two combatants ( both engaged on multiple fronts ) have been near the limits of their capabiity to wage warfare with each other ; they needed time to regroup and concentrate their forces . However the Polish High Command intended to strike one more blow against the Bolsheviks while the Polish forces were on the offensive : they decided to cripple the Western Army ( Russia ) ( Soviet Western Division ) , headquartered in Minsk , and further damage Soviet logistics by taking control of this important railway center . In July , Polish forces ( the ' Northern Group ' ) under general Stanisław Szeptycki ( whose officers included Władysław Anders , Jozef Lasocki and Stefan Mokrzecki ) were strengthened to 12 , 000 infantry , 2 , 000 cavalry and 40 guns . Polish plan involved a wide pincer movement around the city of Minsk . The battle raged throughout the first week of August . Soviet forces took heavy casualties and Minsk fell to the Poles on August 8 . The success of the Polish offensive allowed the Poles to move forward again , and by the end of August Józef Piłsudski ordered his armies to stop , as he considered all territories important to Poland - and feasible to take before winter - secured .
Inveresk Roman Fort Inveresk Roman Fort is an archaeological site within the grounds of St Michael ' s Church , Inveresk , a village in East Lothian , Scotland . Several seasons of excavation since 1946 , both major and minor , have established the outline of the fort and recovered some of the interior detail . The fort covered an area of 6 . 6 acres ( 2 . 7 ha ) , placing it at the larger end of the spectrum of fort sizes . For this reason , the original excavator , Ian Richmond , believed that a cavalry regiment had been stationed here . Little is known of the interior buildings , so this hypothesis cannot yet be tested . In 2007 a Roman tombstone was found at nearby Carberry depicting a Roman Governor ' s guard cavalry trooper named " " Crescens " " who was perhaps residing at the fort when he died . All of the datable artefacts point to Antonine occupation . Consequently , the fort is thought to have been established in the immediate aftermath of the invasion of Scotland launched by the emperor Antoninus Pius in AD 139 / 140 . Two clear phases of occupation were identified archaeologically , perhaps occasioned by a change of garrison during the Antonine period . The fort will have been abandoned , along with the other Scottish sites , around AD 160 , when Hadrian ' s Wall was recommissioned . A substantial civil settlement ( " vicus " ) lay outside the east rampart of the fort , and included a curving structure thought to be an amphitheatre . The fort ' s Roman name remains unknown , although it has been suggested that Ptolemy ' s Κούρια ( " Curia " or " Coria " ) , located in the lands of the Votadini , should be identified with Inveresk , " the name being transferred from a native meeting - place which it controlled ( in this case perhaps Arthur ' s Seat , 4 miles to the west ) " . It may also have been called " " Evidensca " " according to the Ravenna Cosmography .
Augustín Malár Augustín Malár ( 18 July 1894 Reitern , Austria – ? 1945 , Sachsenhausen ) was a Slovak General during World War II . Military service . Malár was during the interwar period one of few successful higher officers of Slovak nationality in Czechoslovak Army . After the German occupation of the Bohemia and Moravia and the establishment of First Slovak Republic in March 1939 , he became one of highest and most experienced officers in newly created Slovak army . After the declaring war to USSR , so called Fast moving division - Slovak motorized division was deployed on Eastern Front . Malár became commander of the unit at the turn of 1941 and 1942 . During this service he earned promotion to general and German Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Later he served in General staff and in 1944 he was appointed as a commander of East Slovak Army - two best Slovak divisions which should defend Slovakia against Soviet offensives . Planners of insurrection against Nazi rule ( Slovak illegal National Council ) , assumed him as a Slavophile and experienced field commander , to be the leader of the East Slovak units which would fight to connect with Soviets to help them pass through Slovak territory without a fight . However , after inappropriately timed start of the uprising on August 29 , 1944 , contrary to expectations , he did not join the rebels . On the contrary in a radio speech next day , he opposed and exhorted soldiers to return to barracks as " our time has not come yet . " As a military strategist , he wanted uprising to end successfully . Because of his words about fight with Germans in the future , German security authorities arrested him when he returned to Prešov in Eastern Slovakia . He was deported to Germany , where he died after interrogation in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp .
Chuckawalla Bill Chuckawalla Bill ( August 2 , 1875 – January 11 , 1950 ) was a Spanish - American War veteran , a sapper in the British Army during World War I , a prospector , a cook , and vagabond . His birth name was William Anthony Simon , although he most frequently used the name Anthony W . Simmons . Later in life , he settled down in Palo Verde , California . He is buried in the Los Angeles National Cemetery , Los Angeles , California . In 1968 , Colin Fletcher came across a cave near the Colorado River ( about 5 miles southeast of Boulder City , Nevada ) in which Bill had been living in and abandoned around 1916 . " The Man from the Cave " was a 1981 book written by Fletcher , which detailed how , after finding a trunk and belongings abandoned by someone , Fletcher spent years putting together the life story of " Trunkman . " Colin Fletcher ' s quote about Chuckawalla Bill : The " Chuckawalla Bill Spring " north of Desert Hot Springs is named after him .
Charles W . Roberts Charles Wentworth Roberts ( 1828 – 1898 ) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War , who was awarded the rank of brevet brigadier general , United States Volunteers , in 1866 , to rank from March 13 , 1865 . He was born in Old Town , Maine and graduated from Bowdoin College , but lived most of his life in nearby Bangor , Maine . He was the son of prominent local lumber merchant Amos M . Roberts . His father was the wealthiest man in Bangor according to the 1840 census . Roberts enlisted as lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment in 1861 , the first unit to leave Maine in response to President Abraham Lincoln ' s call for volunteers to suppress the rebellion after the fall of Fort Sumter . With the promotion of the regiment ' s colonel Charles Davis Jameson , USV , to brigadier general , Roberts became colonel of the regiment . Roberts had a horse shot out from under him at the Second Battle of Bull Run , when he commanded the 1st Brigade while General John H . Martindale suffered from typhoid fever . Roberts retired due to ill health in 1863 and was succeeded on January 10 , 1863 by Colonel George Varney . Then Lieutenant Colonel Varney had led the regiment at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13 , 1863 , where he received a head wound from a shell fragment . President Andrew Johnson nominated Colonel Roberts for the award of the grade of brevet brigadier general , United States Volunteers , on February 24 , 1866 and the brevet was confirmed by the U . S . Senate on April 10 , 1866 , to rank from March 13 , 1865 . The Roberts family of Bangor were prominent War Democrats , rather than members of the Republican Party establishment led locally by Vice President Hannibal Hamlin . It is thus possible that Robert ' s resignation from the regiment had as much to do with politics as health . After the war Roberts built a prominent Second Empire style house on State St . in Bangor , which , along with his father ' s similarly - styled house next door , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Roberts was the Democratic Party candidate for governor of Maine in 1875 , but lost to another former Civil War general , Republican Seldon Connor . Roberts ' sister Fannie married U . S . Congressman John A . Peters , a Bangor Democrat who later joined the Republican Party . Roberts is one of eight civil war generals buried at Mt . Hope Cemetery in Bangor .
Bristol Bullpup The Bristol Type 107 Bullpup was a British fighter aircraft built in the 1920s . It was not selected for squadron service and only the single prototype was built Background . The design of the Bullpup was an outcome of a series of design studies for fighter undertaken by Frank Barnwell during the 1920 ' s . In 1924 Barnwell had started work on a fighter powered by the Rolls - Royce Falcon to meet the requirements of specification F . 17 / 24 . This project was shelved since Bristol preferred to use their own engine designs , but was revived in 1926 when Barnwell started work on a design , designated the Bristol 102 , to meet either F . 9 / 26 for a day and night fighter or N . 21 / 26 for a shipborne fighter . A subsequent proposal , designated Type 105 was for another aircraft to meet F . 9 / 26 powered by the Mercury engine then under development at Bristol . These proposals looked enough for a pair of mock - ups to be constructed for inspection by the Air Ministry in February 1927 . The two aircraft were similar in design , the interceptor to specification F . 17 / 24 design being slightly smaller and lighter and not equipped with radio . As a result Bristol were asked to revise the design so that it met a later interceptor specification , F . 20 / 27 . Subsequently a prototype was ordered for evaluation , but the other design did not gain official backing . Nevertheless Bristol considered it promising enough to build a prototype to be entered for the F . 9 / 26 trials as a private venture , powered by a Bristol Jupiter because the supply of Mercurys was expected to be limited . This became the Bristol Bulldog Design and development . The Type 107 was an unequal span single bay biplane powered by a 480 hp ( 360 kW ) Bristol Mercury air - cooled radial engine driving a two - bladed propeller . The structure was all - metal with a fabric covering , using members built up from rolled high - tensile steel strips riveted together . In order to optimise the pilot ' s field of view there was large semi - circular cutout in the trailing edge of the upper wing and the inboard section of the lower was of reduced chord . Frise aileron s were fitted to the top wing only . It was armed with a pair of 0 . 303 in ( 7 . 7 mm ) Lewis guns mounted either side of the cockpit . The prototype first flew on 28 April 1928 , powered by a Bristol Jupiter since a flight - ready Mercury was not yet available , and the aircraft was not delivered to Martlesham Heath for evaluation until March 1929 . The Bullpup prototype was subsequently fitted with a Jupiter F type head with twin compensator rods for the penthouse heads . Trials with this engine were carried out at Martlesham in 1929 . Operational history . Performance at the F . 20 / 27 competition held in 1929 was respectable but in the event none of the competitors was to enter service , the requirement eventually being met by the Hawker Fury , a Rolls - Royce Kestrel engined development of the Hawker F . 20 / 27 contender . The prototype was used as an engine test aircraft until it was scrapped in 1935 at the end of the Bristol Aquila development programme .
677th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron The 677th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 30th Air Division , Air Defense Command , stationed at Alpena Air Force Station , Michigan . It was inactivated on 30 November 1957 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States .