naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Christopher O ' Kelly Christopher Patrick John O ' Kelly ( 18 November 1895 – 15 November 1922 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Biography . Born in Winnipeg , Manitoba , O ' Kelly joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in October 1915 . He was 21 years old , and an acting captain in the 52nd ( 96th Lake Superior Regiment ) Battalion , CEF , during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 26 October 1917 at Passchendaele , Belgium , Captain O ' Kelly led his company with extraordinary skill and determination . They captured six pill - boxes , with 100 prisoners and 10 machine - guns . Later his company repelled a strong counterattack , taking more prisoners , and subsequently during the night they captured a hostile raiding party consisting of one officer , 10 men and a machine - gun . He later achieved the rank of Major . After the war , O ' Kelly became a prospector in Northwestern Ontario . He died in a boating accident in 1922 near Red Lake , Ontario . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa , Canada .
No . 517 Squadron RAF No . 517 Squadron RAF was a meteorological squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . History . No . 517 Squadron was formed on 11 August 1943 at RAF St Eval , Cornwall when 1404 Meteorological Flight was re - numbered . It was equipped with Lockheed Hudson s and Handley Page Hampden s , which it flew daily out into the Atlantic to collect meteorological data . Between September and November 1943 four United States Army Air Forces Flying Fortresses were temporary attached to the squadron , awaiting the arrival of adapted Handley Page Halifax es . By November 1943 the squadron had re - equipped with the Halifax and then moved to RAF St David ' s in Wales . Two further moves followed , one to RAF Brawdy in February 1944 and then after the war to RAF Chivenor where the squadron was disbanded on 21 June 1946 .
Duchy of Estonia ( 1561 – 1721 ) The Duchy of Estonia ( , , German : " Herzogtum Estland " ) , also known as Swedish Estonia , ( Swedish : " Svenska Estland " ) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721 , when it was ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad , following its capitulation , during the plague , in the Great Northern War . The dominion arose during the Livonian War , when the northern parts of present - day Estonia ( Reval ( Tallinn ) and the counties of Harjumaa , Western Virumaa , Raplamaa and Järvamaa ) submitted to the Swedish king in 1561 , and Läänemaa in 1581 . It is also colloquially known as the " good old Swedish times " ( ) by Estonians , but this expression was not used before the following Russian rule , in the beginning of which the situation of Estonian peasantry declined rapidly ( to gain support of German nobility , Russia gave them more power over peasantry ) .
Bao Xin Bao Xin ( 152 – 192 ) was a military general who lived during the late Han Dynasty of China . Initially , he participated in the imperial campaign against the Yellow Turbans along with other regional warlords . After the rise of Dong Zhuo , who usurped the power of the Imperial Court , Bao joined the campaign against Dong Zhuo . During a battle at Sishui Pass , he disobeyed orders from the alliance ' s leader Yuan Shao and instructed his younger brother , Bao Zhong , to engage the enemy commander Hua Xiong , with around 5 , 000 armored cavalry . However , the raid failed and Bao Zhong was slain . Later he served under Xiahou Dun , one of Cao Cao ' s highest - ranked generals . He was killed in 192 in an assault against one of the Yellow Turban rebels ' strongholds in Shouzhang ( southwest of present day Dongping County ) .
Fort Jackson ( Wisconsin ) Fort Jackson was a frontier fort located in Mineral Point , Wisconsin and constructed during the 1832 Black Hawk War . History . Fort Jackson was constructed in Mineral Point , Wisconsin during the 1832 Black Hawk War . The wooden stockade was constructed using logs from some of the early log cabins located in Mineral Point . Fort Jackson ' s commanding officer was Captain John F . O ' Neal .
Upshot - Knothole Harry Upshot - Knothole Harry was a nuclear weapons test conducted by the United States as part of Operation Upshot - Knothole . It took place on May 19 , 1953 in Yucca Flat , in the Nevada Test Site . The test device , codenamed " Hamlet " , was detonated atop a 300 foot tower . The Harry test released an unusually large amount of fallout ( the highest of any test in the continental U . S . ) , much of which later accumulated in the vicinity of St . George , Utah . Because of this , the shot would become known as " Dirty Harry " in the press when details were released publicly . It would be among the most controversial of the U . S . nuclear weapon tests .
C Barroso ( C - 11 ) The C Barroso ( C - 11 ) ( ex USS Philadelphia ( CL - 41 ) ) was a light cruiser of the Barroso Class , ships of the Brazilian Navy . History . The C Barroso was originally from the U . S . Navy where it served during World War II under the name USS Philadelphia ( CL - 41 ) . It was built by the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard , Philadelphia , it belonged to the Brooklyn Class the same class of the ARA General Belgrano , sunk by nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror ( S48 ) in 1982 during the Falklands War . The ship was purchased by Brazil in 1951 , along with C Tamandaré ( C - 12 ) , a modernized version of Barroso . The cruiser Barroso took part in the episode entitled Lobster War , involving Brazilian and French navies , which occurred off the coast of northeastern Brazil in 1963 . The C - 11 , as it was also known , has suffered several accidents during his life in the Brazilian Navy , explosions and fires on board . On August 14 , 1967 , sailing away on training between Salvador and Rio de Janeiro , taking on board the Minister of the Navy , Fleet Admiral Augusto Rademaker , suffered the explosion of one of its eight boilers , causing 11 deaths . The ship was then towed by the Cv Caboclo ( V - 19 ) . It was deactivated on May 15 , 1973 , by Notice No . 0423 , the Ministry of the Navy , completing 22 years of service . It was sold as scrap to a company of Santos , São Paulo .
Turaida Castle Turaida Castle ( , , ; meaning " Thor ' s garden " in Livonian ) is a recently reconstructed medieval castle in Turaida , in the Vidzeme region of Latvia , on the opposite bank of the Gauja River from Sigulda . History . Turaida castle dominates the Museum Reserve and is visually , its most impressive element . When seen from the air , or the opposite bank of the river Gauja in Sigulda , Turaida castle rises above the trees like mighty ship built of red brick . The forepart of this imaginative ship is formed by the northern forecastle gate tower . The main tower , which is the highest one , is like a spar in the middle of the ship , and the rear of the ship is the southern forecastle with its tower shaped southern section . Building of the castle was started in 1214 according to directions given by Albert , archibishop of Riga , at the place where previously has stood the wooden castle of Liv leader Kaupo . A “ Castellum ” type fortress was built and named Fredeland , which translates as “ Land of Peace ” . This name was not popular so the local name " Turaida " has survived until the present day . Improving the defensive system of the castle continued in later centuries – in the 14th century , the tower shaped southern section was built , at the beginning of 15th century , when fire arms were invented , the semi rounded western tower was built . Along with the fortifications , domestic buildings and living accommodation were erected in the inner yard of the castle . Minor reconstruction work was carried out in 17th century although the castle started to lose its strategic importance . After a fire in 1776 it was not reconstructed and in the course of time it fell into ruins . By the beginning of the 20th century , only separate fragments of the defensive wall and some buildings – main tower , semi rounded tower and western section , were left . From 1976 regular archeological excavations were carried out , which were followed by restoration and conservation works ; as a result the castle has regained part of its earlier shape . Exhibitions about the history of the brick castle and Gauja Livs are available in restored buildings . From the viewing place of the main tower , you can see the unique landscape of picturesque Gauja Gauja valley and the territory of Turaida Museum Reserve .
Second Battle of Vera The second battle around Vera of 1813 came just over a month after the Duke of Wellington defeated a French couterattack at the Battle of Sorauren . The battle occurred on 7 October when the British attacked key forts and high ground controlling the local area . The first target was the Star Fort , which only fell after a brutal see - sawing encounter , and the pursuit of the French led to the taking of the next important plateau . When the position known as the Hog ' s Back was captured the French found the area impossible to hold and withdrew , leaving behind 1 , 300 casualties - almost a third of their initial force . The British suffered 850 killed and wounded , but a key piece of France ' s defences had been unlocked .
SM UC - 102 SM " UC - 102 " was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 14 April 1918 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 14 October 1918 as SM " UC - 102 " . As with the rest of the completed UC III boats , " UC - 102 " conducted no war patrols and sank no ships . She was surrendered on 22 November 1918 and broken up in Dordrecht in 1922 .
SM UC - 90 SM " UC - 90 was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 19 January 1918 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 July 1918 as SM " UC - 90 " . As with the rest of the completed UC III boats , " UC - 90 " conducted no war patrols and sank no ships . She was surrendered to Japan on 1 December 1918 . The U - boat was renamed O - 4 " for Japanese service from 1920 to 1921 . In 1921 " O - 4 " was partially dismantled at the Kure Navy Yard . Between 1924 and 1926 , the hulk of " O - 4 " was used as an antisubmarine warfare target before being sold for scrap .
Alix D ' Unienville Alix D ' Unienville ( born 8 May 1918 ) was a member of the Special Operations Executive ( SOE ) during World War II and worked as a courier for the French Section . D ' Unienville was born in Mauritius , but moved to France aged 6 . Commissioned ( rank of Lieutenant ) in the Women ' s Auxiliary Air Force , she commenced SOE training at Beaulieu in June 1943 . On 31 March 1944 she parachuted into Loir - et - Cher from a Halifax aircraft . Her alias was Aline Bowden and cover story was she was born on the island of Réunion in 1922 and moved to France in 1938 to study and was now the wife of a prisoner of war . Working in Paris using the codenames Myril and Marie - France , she was successful until her arrest on 6 June 1944 when she was arrested with Tristan outside Bon Marché in Paris . She was taken to Avenue Foch for interrogation and was searched . She was held in Fresnes prison in solitary confinement . She pretended to be " mentally derranged " to escape from Fresnes and to be transferred to Saint - Anne hospital . This plan was foiled by the Gestapo , who transferred her to La Pitié , a place associated with brutal atrocities of the Gestapo .
Mülazım Mülazım was a junior officer rank in the armed forces of the late Ottoman empire , equivalent to lieutenant . There were usually two grades : However , a number of military reforms affected military ranks ( and their names and uniforms ) through the history of the Ottoman empire . History . In James Henry Skene ' s 1851 review of the Ottoman military , he noted that Mulazim were paid 280 - 350 piastres per month ( including rations ) , perhaps more than contemporary British soldiers ; as officers , their European - influenced uniforms included gold epaulettes , and distinctive lace on their cuffs as a mark of rank .
USS Dapdap ( YFB - 684 ) USS " Dapdap " ( YFB - 684 ) was a United States Navy working launch in service from 1908 to 1942 . Dapdap ( YFB - 684 ) , a working launch , was attached to the Naval Station , Cavite , Philippine Islands , or the 16th Naval District from 1908 to 1942 . " Dapdap " was lost , 2 January 1942 , to Japan ese forces during the conquest of Luzon Island . She was stricken from the Navy List on 24 July 1942 .
Robert Davies ( GC ) Lieutenant Robert John Davies GC ( 3 October 1900 – 27 September 1975 ) distinguished himself during the Second World War with the Royal Engineers and was awarded the George Cross ( GC ) for the heroism he displayed in defusing a bomb which threatened to destroy St Paul ' s Cathedral on 12 September 1940 . Biography . Davies was born in Newlyn , Cornwall , the son of John Sampson Davies of St Erth and Annie Vingoe . Davies had emigrated to Canada and joined the Canadian Army in 1918 . He returned to Cornwall in the 1930s , and on 6 March 1940 was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers , serving as a bomb disposal officer during the Blitz . 12 September 1940 . On the night 8 / 9 September 1940 , a Luftwaffe air raid on the city of London resulted in an unexploded bomb landing very close to St Paul ' s Cathedral . The bomb was lodged 27 feet deep in Deans Yard ( close to the west end of the cathedral ) and took three days to dig out . It was placed on two lorries ( joined in tandem ) and Davies drove it through deserted streets to Hackney Marshes where it was safely destroyed . George Cross citation . The citation from a supplement to the London Gazette of 27 September 1940 ( dated 30 September 1940 ) reads : Sapper George Cameron Wylie was also awarded the George Cross for his part in the same action . Sergeant James Wilson and Lance - Corporal Herbert Leigh were awarded the British Empire Medal ( for meritorious service ) ( BEM ) for their part in the action . Later war career . After defusing the St Paul ' s bomb , Davies then served in the Middle East , but returned to the United Kingdom for an investiture at Buckingham Palace in February 1942 . Court - martial . In May 1942 , Davies was court - martial led and convicted of eight charges of fraud , obtaining money dishonestly , and theft , he also pleaded guilty to 13 further charges of issuing cheques without ensuring he had sufficient funds to draw on . He was cashiered on 1 June 1942 , and sentenced to two years ' imprisonment , reduced to 18 months following review by the General Officer Commanding , London District . He afterwards emigrated to Australia . " The Times " of 1 October 1970 reported that his medal had been sold for a then record £2 , 100 . It is now on display at the Imperial War Museum . See also . George Cameron Wylie
Tupolev ANT - 21 The Tupolev ANT - 21 was a Soviet twin - engined four - seat heavy fighter , which also had the designation MI - 3 ( " Mnogomestnyi Istebitel " – Multi seat fighter ) . It was not accepted for production , only two prototypes being built . Design and development . In January 1938 , the Soviet Air Forces ordered the TsAGI design bureau led by Andrei Tupolev to design a twin - engined multi - seat fighter to replace the KR - 6 escort fighter version of the Tupolev ANT - 7 twin - engined multi - purpose aircraft . Tupolev assigned design of the new fighter to a team led by Alexander Arkhangelsky . This was Arkhangelsky ' s first project as lead designer . The resulting aircraft , the ANT - 21 , was like the ANT - 7 , a monoplane , with its corrugated all - metal wings based on those of the ANT - 7 , but having reduced span , and with the corrugations covered in fabric to reduce drag . The oval - section fuselage was a new design , being a partially flush riveted semi - monocoque structure made of duralumin , a first for Tupolev aircraft , while it was fitted with a twin - tail . It also had a retractable tailwheel undercarriage , novel for the time . The aircraft ' s pilot sat in an open cockpit above the leading edge of the wing , with one gunner sitting in the nose operating two machine guns , a second gunner in a dorsal position with two more machine guns , while another crewman operated a ventral gun firing through a hatch . Two fixed machine guns could be operated by the pilot . Two Mikulin M - 17 engines powered the ANT - 21 , as used by the ANT - 7 . The first prototype , officially designated MI - 3 and nicknamed " Mitrich " made its maiden flight in August 1933 . Initial testing was successful , the ANT - 21 being popular with its test pilots , but when being dived at nearly 400 km / h ( 250 mph ) , severe flutter was encountered in the aircraft tail , with the starboard rudder breaking off and the aircraft making a heavy landing . As a result of this accident , Arkhangelsky redesigned the aircraft , retaining the wings , but providing a new fuselage and tail , with a single vertical fin . The crew were accommodated in enclosed cockpits , with the nose gunner operating a single 20mm cannon or a heavy machine gun and the ventral gun being omitted , while the dorsal gunner ' s armament and the fixed guns operated by the pilot were unchanged . The M - 17 engines of the first prototype were replaced by more powerful and modern M - 34N s . The new aircraft , the ANT - 21bis or MI - 3D ( " Doubler " – understudy ) was completed in April 1934 . Despite the new tail , it suffered tail vibration at certain power settings which resulted in the addition of tail bracing struts . It was officially tested during July – December 1934 , but was not accepted for service by the Soviet Air Force , as it now wanted fighters armed with heavy Recoilless rifle s , and interest switched to the Tupolev ANT - 29 derivative .
Walter Bornschein Walter Bornschein ( 7 April 1914 – 27 April 1944 ) was a German Luftwaffe bomber pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Walter Bornschein was killed on 27 April 1944 when he was hit by enemy fire while flying over Schweinfurt .
Forrest Pogue Forrest Carlisle Pogue Jr . ( 1912 – 1996 ) was an official United States Army historian during World War II . He was a proponent of oral history techniques , and collected many oral histories from the war under the direction of chief Army historian S . L . A . Marshall . Forrest Pogue was for many years the Executive Director of the George C . Marshall Foundation as well as Director of the Marshall Library located on the campus of Virginia Military Institute in Lexington , Virginia . Early life . Forrest C . Pogue was born in Eddyville , Kentucky . His parents , Marion Forrest Pogue and Betty Matthews Pogue , were farmers , and the young Pogue spent much of his early life in Frances , Kentucky , where the Pogue family owned a tract of land . Pogue cited his grandfather , Marion Pogue , as an early influence : He interviewed many of the older people of the county and as a young teacher wrote numerous pieces for the county paper on early settlers . Perhaps I got the idea of oral history from that .
Special Weapons Emergency Separation System Special Weapons Emergency Separation System ( SWESS ) , also known informally as the dead man ' s switch , was a nuclear bomb release system that Strategic Air Command built into bombers such as the B - 52 Stratofortress . The system ' s purpose was to ensure that an aircraft ' s payload of nuclear weapons would detonate in the event of the crew becoming debilitated by enemy defences such as missiles . Once armed , the system would ensure that the onboard nuclear weapons detonated if the aircraft dropped below a predetermined altitude .
National Defence Act The National Defence Act ( NDA ) ( French : " Loi sur la défense nationale " ; " LDN " ) is the primary enabling legislation for organizing and funding Canada ' s military . Passed in 1922 , and in force as of January 1 , 1923 , it created the Department of National Defence by merging the Department of Militia and Defence with the Department of the Naval Service and the Air Board . On 4 November 1966 , Bill C - 243 , " The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act , " was introduced to amend the National Defence Act . The aim of the bill was to reorganize the Canadian Army , the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force , previously separate and independent services , under one umbrella . Following debate in the House of Commons and further examination by the Defence Committee , the Bill was given third and final reading in April 1967 , clearing the way for unification . The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act came into effect on 1 February 1968 , creating one organization responsible for the defence of Canada , the Canadian Forces , and amending the National Defence Act . The Queen ' s Regulations and Orders are enabled by the National Defence Act to govern the Canadian Forces . The National Defence Act establishes Non - Public Property ( NPP ) as a special class of Crown property to be used for the benefit of serving and former members of the Canadian Forces and their families . Most western nations have created similar regimes to support the morale and welfare needs of their militaries . On behalf of the Chief of the Defence Staff ( CDS ) , the Director General Personnel and Family Support Services ( DGPFSS ) acts as the Managing Director for Non - Public Property and establishes the policies and provides functional oversight for the many NPP programs and activities delivered locally at Bases and Messes . Personnel and Family Support Services ( PFSS ) is responsible for administering NPP as well as for delivering selected public Morale and Welfare programs , services , and activities on behalf of the Chief of Military Personnel ( CMP ) . The workforce delivering Non - Public Property programs and activities primarily consists of the Staff of the Non - Public Funds , Canadian Forces and members of the Canadian Forces . The Staff of the Non - Public Funds , Canadian Forces is a Separate Agency listed under Schedule 5 of the Financial Administration Act . References . Chris Madsen , " Military Law and Operations " . loose - leaf publication up - dated 1 - 2 times per year . Aurora , Ontario : Canada Law Book , 2008 .
Christopher Morgan ( Royal Navy officer ) Vice Admiral Sir ( Charles ) Christopher Morgan ( born 11 March 1939 ) is a former Royal Navy officer who became Naval Secretary . Naval career . Educated at the Royal Naval College , Dartmouth , Morgan joined the Royal Navy in 1959 and was involved in the First Cod War with Iceland in 1960 . He also saw action during the Kuwait crisis in 1961 , the Brunei Revolt in 1962 and the Indonesia – Malaysia confrontation in 1962 . He was given command of the frigate HMS " Eskimo " in 1976 and , having been promoted to Captain , he joined the Operational Requirements Division at the Ministry of Defence in 1981 and was given command of the destroyer HMS " Southampton " in 1986 . He became Naval Secretary in 1990 and Flag Officer Scotland , Northern England and Northern Ireland in 1992 before retiring in 1996 . In retirement he was appointed Director - General of the UK Chamber of Shipping .