naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HBX HBX means High Blast Explosive used as a bursting charge in missile warheads , mines , depth bombs , depth charges , and torpedoes . History . It was developed during WWII as a desensitized modification of Torpex explosives . < ref name = " Ordnance Technical Data Sheet U . S . BOMB , 325 - 350 - LB , DEPTH BOMB , MK 54 / MK 54 Mod 1 " > " Ordnance Technical Data Sheet U . S . BOMB , 325 - 350 - LB , DEPTH BOMB , MK 54 / MK 54 Mod 1 " < / ref > Properties . It is an aluminized ( powdered aluminum ) explosive having the same order of sensitivity as composition B . < ref name = " Ordnance Technical Data Sheet U . S . BOMB , 325 - 350 - LB , DEPTH BOMB , MK 54 / MK 54 Mod 1 " > " Ordnance Technical Data Sheet U . S . BOMB , 325 - 350 - LB , DEPTH BOMB , MK 54 / MK 54 Mod 1 " < / ref > Tests indicate that it will be about 98 % to 100 % as powerful as Torpex , that it will definitely be less sensitive than Torpex in both Laboratory Impact and Bullet Impact , that it will be slightly more sensitive in these respects than TNT , and that it will be about the same order as Composition B . A difficulty with HBX is that they produce gas and build up pressure in the case during stowage . It has been discovered that adding calcium chloride to the mixture will absorb all the moisture and eliminate the production of gas . Composition . There are 3 types of HBX explosives : HBX - 1 , HBX - 3 and H - 6 . Below is each type ' s " Grade A " composition based on weight :
Marine Air Control Squadron 4 Marine Air Control Squadron 4 ( MACS - 4 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron . The squadron provides aerial surveillance and air traffic control for the III Marine Expeditionary Force . They are based at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma and fall under the command of Marine Air Control Group 18 and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . Mission . Provide air surveillance and the control of aircraft and Surface - To - Air weapons for antiair warfare ; Continuous All - Weather radar and Non - Radar air traffic control service , and airspace management in support of a Marine Air - Ground Task Force ( MAGTF ) History . Early years . MACS - 4 was activated 5 May 1944 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point , North Carolina as Air Warning Squadron 13 and assigned to 1st Marine Air Warning Group , 9th Marine Aircraft Wing . They were redesignated 1 August 1946 to Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron 4 and assigned to Marine Air Control Group 2 . The squadron was deactivated 30 April 1947 . They were reactivated 30 June 1951 at Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana , California and assigned to Marine Air Control Group 3 , Air Fleet Marine Force , Pacific . Re - designated 15 February 1954 as Marine Air Control Squadron 4 . They moved in July 1959 to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni , Japan and were assigned to Marine Wing Headquarters Group , 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . Their first deployment was to Thailand during May – July 1962 in connection with communist threat to that country . Vietnam War . The squadron again relocated during October 1965 to Camp Pendleton , California . They deployed during 1965 to Danang , Republic of Vietnam and assigned to 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . The squadron was reassigned during August 1967 to Marine Air Control Group 18 , 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . They operated in support of the Vietnam War from June 1967 to January 1971 . The squadron relocated during January 1971 to back to MCAS Santa Ana , California and were deactivated 31 January 1971 . They were reactivated 15 June 1971 at MCAS Futenma , Okinawa , Japan and assigned to Marine Air Control Group 18 , 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . Global War on Terror . Elements of the squadron participated in support of Operation Enduring Freedom , April 2002 through March 2004 .
Keith J . Stalder Lieutenant General Keith J . Stalder is a retired United States Marine Corps general , who last commanded the United States Marine Corps Forces Pacific from August 22 , 2008 to September 2 , 2010 . Biography . Keith Stalder was born in Venezuela and grew up in Alaska . A 1984 graduate of Embry - Riddle Aeronautical University , he holds a Master ’ s Degree in Aeronautics . He is also a graduate of Marine Corps Command and Staff College , the Armed Forces Staff College , and the NATO Defense College in Rome , Italy . He has flown the F - 4 Phantom II and the F / A - 18 Hornet with VMFA - 333 , VMFA - 235 , VMFA - 115 , the Navy ' s VFA - 125 , VMFA - 531 and Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron One ( MAWTS - 1 ) . He also served at Headquarters , European Command , Stuttgart , Germany as the Operations Division Chief for the military - to - military contact program for Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union . He led the Marine Corps ' F / A - 18 Hornet Introduction Team ( HIT ) in the early 1980s , commanded VMFA - 531 and MAWTS - 1 and was the Deputy Director for Plans and Policy , United States Central Command , during Operation Enduring Freedom . Stalder also previously served as the Deputy and Commanding General , 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade and Deputy Commanding General , I Marine Expeditionary Force , in Operation Iraqi Freedom I . Later , he became the Assistant Wing Commander , 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing , rising to become the Commanding General during a second tour in the Iraq war and Stalder commanded the Training and Education Command starting in 2005 . He relinquished command to MajGen George J . Flynn on July 21 , 2006 . In 2006 , Stalder become Commanding General of the II Marine Expeditionary Force , and relinquished command to LtGen Dennis J . Hejlik on July 25 , 2008 . On February 8 , 2008 , Stalder was nominated for appointment as the commander , U . S . Marine Corps Forces Pacific ; commanding general , Fleet Marine Forces Pacific ; and commander , Marine Corps Bases Pacific , and for reappointment to the rank of lieutenant general . He assumed command on August 23 , 2008 . He will retire and relinquish command on September 2 , 2010 . Decorations . His personal decorations include :
Grenadan patrol boat Tyrrel Bay ( PB - 01 ) " Tyrrel Bay " ( PB - 01 ) is a United States - built Guardian - class patrol boat ordered for the Grenadan Coast Guard . She was built for Grenada at the US ' s request and entered service in November 1984 . The builder was Lantana Boatyard and the ship was put together at Lantana , Florida . The " Tyrrel Bay " has an aluminum hull construction , and was overhauled in 1995 .
John T . Olson John T . Olson ( April 7 , 1929 – February 26 , 2011 ) was a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force . Biography . Early life . John was born on April 7 , 1929 in Iowa City , Iowa . He graduated from Cedar Falls High School in the respective city and then attended the United States Military Academy where , in 1952 , he graduated with a bachelor ' s degree . Military career . After graduation , he completed both Basic and Advanced Pilot Training . Subsequently , he became part of the 57th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron stationed at Presque Isle Air Force Base in Presque Isle , Maine . He was transferred to Greenland ' s Thule Air Base , and was active until 1956 . First return to civilian life . After leaving active duty , Olson enrolled in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and earned his masters degree in aeronautical engineering in 1959 . During his time in the civilian realm , he went to work for the North American Aviation Company in Ohio , and became a project manager for the AVCO Systems Division while there . Return to the military . In January 1960 , he returned to the military , this time in Boston , with the Massachusetts Air National Guard at Logan International Airport . During this time , the 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing was called to active duty to face the Berlin Crisis of 1961 . He first served as the Flight Commander and eventually as the Squadron Operations Officer . After returning to the United States in August 1962 , John was progressively promoted . Simultaneously , he gained a series of positions with the 101st Tactical Fighter Squadron as well as the parent wing , the 102nd . His final position , taken in January 1 , 1977 was the appointment to a full - time position as the Air Commander , Air Technical Detachment of the 102nd . Retirement and death . John Olson retired in 1986 with the rank of brigadier general . Aircraft flown during his career include the T - 6 Texan , T - 28 Trojan , F - 84 Thunderjet , F - 89 Scorpion , F - 100 Super Sabre and the F - 106 Delta Dart . He died on February 26 , 2011 . He was preceded in his death by his wife who died in 1998 .
USS Leopard ( IX - 122 ) USS " Leopard " ( IX - 122 ) , an " Armadillo " - class tanker designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the Nth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the leopard , a large and ferocious spotted cat of southern Asia and Africa . Her keel was laid down as " William B . Bankhead " on 5 October 1943 by Delta Shipbuilding Company , in New Orleans , Louisiana , under a Maritime Commission contract ( T . Z - ET1 - S - C3 ) . She was renamed " Leopard " on 27 October 1943 , launched on 15 November 1943 sponsored by Mrs . William B . Bankhead , acquired by the Navy 24 December 1943 , and commissioned on 26 December 1943 with Lieutenant G . C . Foltz in command . Originally designed to carry dry cargo , " Leopard " was converted to a tanker , and departed Key West , Florida , on 18 January 1944 for the southwest Pacific . Arriving Bora Bora , Society Islands , on 27 February , she performed harbor fueling operations out of Australia and New Guinea until mid - April when she sailed for the Admiralty Islands . For the rest of the war , " Leopard " continued harbor fueling duties in the vicinity of New Guinea . Following V - J Day , the tanker departed Seeadler Harbor on 30 August 1945 and arrived Manila Bay on 9 September where she performed similar services . " Leopard " remained in the Philippines until she sailed for the United States on 19 March 1946 arriving Norfolk , Virginia , on 11 May . She decommissioned there 21 June 1946 and was delivered to the War Shipping Administration the same day for disposal . Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 July 1946 .
2nd New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry 2nd New Hampshire Volunteer Regiment was the longest - serving volunteer regiment of the State of New Hampshire in the American Civil War . The 2nd New Hampshire was organized in early 1861 and mustered in June 4 , 1861 . The 2nd NH fought from First Bull Run until the occupation of Richmond approximately four years later . The regiment was led by Colonel Gilman Marston , a future United States congressman who represented the state in the 51st Congress ( 1889 - 1891 ) . The 2nd New Hampshire wore Union gray uniforms with " spiketail " dress coats trimmed in red cord , and " jaunty forage cap s " with " 2NH " on the crown . The 2nd New Hampshire wore their gray uniforms for the entire war , refusing to switch to the Union blue . Of the 900 who fought in the regiment ' s first battle at the First Bull Run , seven were killed , 56 wounded ( seven mortally ) , and 46 missing ( many of them wounded and all of them captured by Confederates ) . Marston had his arm shattered and refused amputation . He went on to recover and lead the 2nd New Hampshire at the battles of Williamsburg . At Gettysburg , the 2nd New Hampshire entered battle with 353 soldiers . In under three hours , 47 were killed , 136 wounded and 36 men went missing ; of the 24 officers , only three were not killed or wounded . Due to their high losses , the 2nd New Hampshire was assigned to guard duty at Point Lookout , Maryland , with the 5th and 12th New Hampshire Volunteer Regiment s . The 2nd New Hampshire returned to battle in time for the Battle of Cold Harbor where it suffered heavy casualties of nineteen killed and 54 wounded . Shortly after Cold Harbor , 223 had completed their enlistments and returned home . Of the original members , 70 reenlisted and with recruits , continued to be the 2nd New Hampshire . However , many who returned home enlisted in other units . During the Civil War the regiment had 178 men killed or mortally wounded in action and another 172 deaths by disease , accidents , or as a result of being prisoners of war .
HMS Hercule ( 1798 ) HMS " Hercule was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy . She was previously Hercule " , a ship of the line of the French Navy , but was captured on her maiden voyage in 1798 , and spent the rest of her career as a British ship . She was broken up in 1810 . French career and capture . During her maiden journey , on 21 April 1798 , and just 24 hours out of port , she was captured by the British ship after a violent fight at the Battle of the Raz de Sein , off Île de Sein near Brest . " Hercule " attempted to escape through the Passage du Raz , but the tide was running in the wrong direction , and she was forced to anchor , giving the British the chance to attack at close quarters . The two ships were of equal force , both seventy - four s , but " Hercule " was newly commissioned ; after more than an hour and a half of bloody fighting at close quarters she struck her colours at 10 . 30 pm , having lost — by her own officers ' estimate — 290 men killed and wounded . On " Mars " 31 men were killed , including her captain , Alexander Hood , and 60 wounded . Captain Louis Lhéritier of " Hercule " was wounded by sabre and spike leading his boarding party . The " Hercule " was recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS " Hercule " . British career . In mid - 1803 , the squadron under Captain Henry William Bayntun , consisting of , " Hercule " , , , and captured " Poisson Volant " and . The Royal Navy took both into service . On 28 June 1803 , during the Blockade of Saint - Domingue , HMS " Hercule " encountered the French frigate and the corvette . " Hercule " attempted to capture the " Poursuivante " , but the frigate outmaneuvered her and she received raking fire . The incident was immortalised in a painting by Louis - Philippe Crépin . then captured " Mignonne " .
Stephen Otu Major General Stephen J . A . Otu ( 23 October 1915 – 1979 ) was a former Chief of the Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces . He was the first Ghanaian officer to serve in this capacity . Career . Stephen Otu was the second Ghanaian to become the Chief of Army Staff in October 1962 , a position he occupied until July 1965 when the army headquarters became annexed to the Ministry of Defence . He also became the first Ghanaian officer to become the Chief of Defence Staff when the British army personnel were scaled down in 1961 . He took over from Major General Henry Templer Alexander , a career British officer .
C - 52 ( cipher machine ) The ( Hagelin ) C - 52 and CX - 52 were cipher machines manufactured by Crypto AG starting 1951 / 1952 . These pin - and - lug type cipher machines were advanced successors of the C - 38 / M - 209 . The machine measures 8 1 / 2in × 5 3 / 8in × 4 3 / 8in . The device is mechanical , but when combined with an electric keyboard attachment , the B - 52 , the resultant system is termed the BC - 52 . The B - 52 is larger , measuring 12 1 / 2in × 8 1 / 2in × 6 3 / 8in . Both C and CX models are equipped with six pinwheels . In the C - 52 version , these six wheels are chosen from a possible set of 12 , with the number of pins on each wheel being 25 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , and 47 . The C model had a fixed stepping system with a large wheel cycle due to the prime numbers of the six wheels . . The CX - 52 version has 6 pinwheels with 47 pins each and a flexible wheel movement system . The lug cage of both models contains 32 movable bars : 27 of the bars are used for encryption and the remaining 5 bars control the stepping of the pinwheels . The early CX models used the control bars also for encryption but due to complications in creating acceptable lug settings later CX models used these bars only for controlling of the wheel stepping . The stepping of the CX wheels was controlled by adjustable lugs on the control bars . The C - 52 and CX - 52 were very flexible machines that could be produced in various ways , creating a unique machine with unique cryptographic characteristics for each customer . There were special detachable wheel movement bars and their position on the drum could change , interchangeable print wheels , custom pinwheel labels , versions with One - time Tape reader instead of wheels , versions that only enciphered numbers , and many other details that influenced the enciphering process . There is some speculation that the CX - 52 might have been broken by communist signals intelligence services of the GDR , Czechoslovakia and Poland . The Hell 54 was a licensed copy of the C - 52 by German company Hell .
Battle of Mühldorf The Battle of Mühldorf ( also Battle of Ampfing ) was fought near Mühldorf am Inn on September 28 , 1322 between the Duchy of ( Upper ) Bavaria and Austria . The Bavarians were led by the German king Louis of Wittelsbach , while the Austrians were under the command of his cousin , antiking Frederick of Habsburg . Background . The early 14th century saw the powerful dynasties of Habsburg , Luxembourg and Wittelsbach rivaling for the rule over the Holy Roman Empire , while the prince - electors were anxious not to allow one noble family to install a hereditary monarchy . After the death of Emperor Henry VII of Luxembourg in 1313 the electoral college denied the succession of his son John of Bohemia and instead accorded its favour to Louis of Wittelsbach and Frederick of Habsburg , however split over the question who to choose . Therefore in 1314 a double election took place at Frankfurt : Cologne , the Electorate of the Palatinate , Bohemia and the Duchy of Saxe - Wittenberg voted for Frederick as " Rex Romanorum " . Mainz , Archbishopric of Trier , Brandenburg and Elector John II of Saxe - Lauenburg ( whose electoral dignity was denied by their Saxe - Wittenberg cousins ) adopted Louis . The draw resulted into an enduring conflict with violent fights , in which both contrahents tried to gain the support of the Imperial estates . Louis in addition had to settle the domestic dispute with his brother Count Palatine Rudolf I ( who had voted against him ) , which finally ended with Rudolf ' s death in 1319 . Meanwhile Frederick continued his campaigns into Bavaria , devastating Louis ' duchy several times without meeting much resistance . The battle . Frederick , encouraged by his previous expeditions , in 1322 allied with the Bishop of Passau and the Salzburg Archbishopric . Their armed forces met on September 24 near Mühldorf on the Inn River , where Frederick expected the arrival of further troops from Further Austria , led by his brother Leopold . The battle did not go well for the Austrians : Louis had forged an alliance with John of Bohemia and Burggrave Frederick IV of Nuremberg and on September 28 reached Mühldorf with a sizable army , while Leopold ' s relief troops were barred from reaching the battlefield in time . Despite this unfavourable situation Frederick agreed to meet Louis ' knights at once . His army was defeated by Louis outnumbering forces under high losses on both sides . More than 1000 noblemen from Austria and Salzburg were captured , as was Frederick himself and his younger brother , Henry the Friendly . Aftermath . Though Louis had prevailed , his royal title remained contested , especially by Pope John XXII and Frederick ' s brother Leopold , who remained a fierce opponent . After three years Louis had to release Frederick from captivity and reconcile with him , even offering him a joint rule and the " Rex Romanorum " title in return for his support to receive the Imperial crown . Neither the House of Wittelsbach nor the Habsburgs were able to defend their claims to the royal title , which after Louis ' death in 1347 again passed to Charles IV from the House of Luxembourg .
Second Congress of Rastatt The Second Congress of Rastatt , which was opened in December 1797 , was intended to rearrange the map of Germany by providing compensation for those princes whose lands on the left bank of the Rhine had been seized by France . It had no result , however , as it was ended by the outbreak of the War of the Second Coalition , but it had a sequel of some interest . As the three French representatives were leaving the town in April 1799 they were waylaid , and two of them were assassinated by some Hungarian soldiers . The origin of this outrage remains shrouded in mystery , but the balance of evidence seems to show that the Austrian authorities had commanded their men to seize the papers of the French plenipotentiaries in order to avoid damaging disclosures about Austria ' s designs on Bavaria , and that the soldiers had exceeded their instructions . On the other hand , some authorities think that the deed was the work of French emigrants , or of the party in France in favour of war . Although indecisive from a diplomatic point of view the Congress brought high society to the area of Baden and was responsible for resurgence of interest in the spa town of Baden Baden .
Thomas Ferebee Thomas W . Ferebee ( November 9 , 1918 – March 16 , 2000 ) was the bombardier aboard the B - 29 Superfortress , Enola Gay , who dropped the atomic bomb , " Little Boy " , on Hiroshima in 1945 . Biography . Thomas Wilson Ferebee was born on a farm outside Mocksville , North Carolina , as the third of eleven children . In 1935 , at age 17 , he attended Lees - McRae College in Banner Elk , NC . Talented in athletics since childhood , he earned awards in track , basketball , and football . After training for a small position with the Boston Red Sox and not making the team , he joined the Army . A knee injury kept him from service in the infantry but he was accepted into flight training . After two years of flight school , Ferebee was assigned as a bombardier in the European theater , completing more than 60 bombing missions . In the summer of 1944 , he was recruited by Colonel Paul Tibbets to be part of the 509th Composite Group which was formed to deliver the atomic bomb . After the war , he remained in the Air Force until December 1970 . After he retired from the Air Force , he worked as a real estate agent in and around Orlando , Florida . Like Tibbets , Ferebee never expressed regret for his role in the bombing , saying " it was a job that had to be done . " Like Tibbets , Ferebee remained in the military in the years after World War II as the US Army Air Forces became the U . S . Air Force . Ferebee spent most of his USAF career in the Strategic Air Command , serving during the Cold War and in Vietnam . He retired from the U . S . Air Force as a Master Navigator ( bombardier ) with the rank of Colonel . He died at his home in Windermere , Florida at the age of 81 . He was survived by his wife , Mary Ann Ferebee , who donated his collection of military documents and objects to the North Carolina Museum of History in Raleigh .