naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Peregonovka ( 1919 ) In the Battle of Peregonovka ( or Perehonivka ) in September 1919 , part of the Russian Civil War , the ( Makhnov ist ) Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine routed elements of the ( White ) Volunteer Army . The battle involved several major engagements , near Pomoshna , Yelyzavethrad , Tashliche , Krutenke , Uman , Perehonovka , and Kryvyi Rih . Background . In mid - August 1919 , with the Ukrainian People ' s Army and the White Volunteer Army converging on Kiev , the Red Army around Odessa ( including elements of the 12th and 14th RKKA ) abandoned the city and retreated northwest . In early September Makhnovists linked up with other 12th Red Army forces west of Kiev . Other formations , including most of the largely anarchist 7th Insurgent Rifle Division and one brigade of the 58th Rifle Division ( the Crimean Rifle Division ) left the Red army and reconstituted the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine at Pomoshna . Simultaneously , units of the Ukrainian People ' s Army conquered Uman and the surrounding area while units of the White Volunteer army after landing at Odessa and marching north occupied Yelyzavethrad and then marched west . The Volunteer Army sought to destroy the Makhnovist forces and secure the rail line from Odessa to Yelyzavethrad . The Makhnovist forces sought to preserve their army and return to their home base ( in Yekaterinoslav Governorate , behind the White lines ) . Composition of Forces . Composition of the Makhnovist Forces . The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine , led by Nestor Makhno , comprised four corps and army units : Each corps included three to four reinforced infantry regiments and three to four smaller cavalry regiments with only a small artillery contingent . In the main battle , the 1st and 2nd corps were covering the eastern sector ( front ) around Perehonovka along the Yatran river ; the 4th corps was covering the southern sector ( right flank ) ; the cavalry forces , detached from their parent corps , were on the northern sector ( left flank ) , while the 3rd corps was covering the western sector ( rear ) . Composition of the White Forces . The Volunteer Army committed the 4th Crimean Infantry Division and various independent brigades in the battle . The regiments of the 4th Crimean Infantry Division ( of the Volunteer Army ) were named after the regiments of the 13th and 34th Infantry Division ( of the prewar Russian Army ) . Composition of the Ukrainian Directory Forces . Tiutiunnyk ' s Group of the Ukrainian People ' s Army , comprised two divisions , one brigade , and some supporting units : Each division or brigade had 2 - 3 regiments of infantry and supporting artillery . By the end of August , the 5th Infantry Division and 1st Galician Infantry Brigade had deployed around Uman , and the 12th Infantry Division had deployed around Talne and Shpola , supported by the armored trains . References . Belash , Aleksandr & Belash , Viktor . " Dorogi Nestora Makhno " ( " Friends of Nestor Makhno " ) . ISBN 5 - 7707 - 3814 - 6
Siege of Sparta The Siege of Sparta took place in 272 BC and was a battle fought between Epirus under King Pyrrhus , who was besieging the city of Sparta , and an alliance consisting of Sparta under the command of King Areus I and Acrocratus and Macedon . The battle was fought at Sparta and ended in a Spartan - Macedonian victory . Following his initially successful campaign in Italy , King Pyrrhus of Epirus was forced to retreat back to Epirus by the Roman Republic . On this return to Epirus , he went to war again this time against Antigonus II Gonatas and managed to take control of Macedon . In 272 BC , he was approached by a Spartan Prince , Cleonymus , who asked him to back his claim to the Spartan throne . Cleonymus was disgruntled by the fact that he had been overlooked for the Spartan throne in favor of his nephew , Areus I , and that his young wife had fallen in love with Areus ' son , Acrotatus . Pyrrhus accepted Cleonymus ' proposal and marched towards Sparta at the head of his army . Most of the Spartan army was at the time campaigning in Crete with Areus . Background . Epirus . In 281 BC , at the request of the Greek city of Tarentum , Pyrrhus , the King of the Greek state of Epirus , went with an army of 25 , 500 men and 20 elephants to Italy to help fight the Romans . The Romans had succeeded in conquering most of Italy were now moving in to take the Greek cities in Magna Graecia . , After arriving in Italy in 280 BC , Pyrrhus defeated a Roman army at the Battle of Heraclea , near Tarentum . Pyrrhus repeated his success against Romans by defeating another Roman army at the Battle of Asculum . However , these victories proved to be very costly to Pyrrhus and he diverted his attention to Sicily , where the Greek states on the island were appealing for his help against Carthage . Despite defeating the Carthaginians , Pyrrhus ' behavior alienated him from his Greek allies and he was forced to abandon Sicily and return to the Italian mainland . Pyrrhus attacked the rebuilt Roman army and after the inconclusive Battle of Beneventum , Pyrrhus returned to Epirus . The war in Italy had drained Pyrhus ' financial and military resources but despite this he declared war on King Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedon . He ravaged part of the country before some of the Macedonian army and cities came over to him . He managed to defeat Antigonus at the Battle of the Aoos River forcing Antigonus to flee to Thessaloniki . Following Antigonus flight , Pyrrhus was able to gain control of most of Macedon and Thessaly . Sparta . The Spartans were ill - prepared for the siege . King Areus had recently left for a campaign in Crete , and no walls surrounded the city , making it extremely vulnerable to an invasion . Pyrrhus took advantage of this and laid siege to the city with over 20 , 000 troops and elephants . The Spartans numbered only around 2 , 000 , but reinforcements came , and Pyrrhus eventually had to give up the siege to attack Argos . It was at Argos that Pyrrhus was killed , ending his campaigns .
William Ratcliffe William Ratcliffe VC MM ( 18 January 1884 – 26 March 1963 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . William Ratcliffe was born on 18 January 1884 at 38 Newhall Street , Liverpool . His parents were William Ratcliffe and Mary Ann Kelly . He was educated at St . Vincent de Paul ' s Roman Catholic School in Norfolk Street , Liverpool . Ratcliffe worked in the Liverpool docks briefly after leaving school , then joined the British Army at the age of 17 and served in South Africa during the Second Boer War . Details . Ratcliffe was 35 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , The South Lancashire Regiment ( The Prince of Wales ' s Volunteers ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place during the battle of Messines for which he was awarded the VC . On 14 June 1917 at Messines , Belgium , after an enemy trench had been captured , Private Ratcliffe located an enemy machine - gun which was firing on his comrades from the rear , and single - handed , on his own initiative , immediately rushed the machine - gun position and bayoneted the crew . He then brought the gun back into action in the front line . Private Ratcliffe had displayed similar gallantry and resource on previous occasions . After the war he worked on the Liverpool Docks but had to retire after an industrial accident . 1956 saw the Centennial of the institution of the Victoria Cross in London ' s Hyde Park , where the living holders were reviewed by Queen Elizabeth II . William Ratcliffe was reluctant to attend the Centennial because his circumstances were such that he could not afford to buy a suit for the occasion . This was remedied however by a local gents outfitters , who made a new suit for him . His VC is on loan to the Imperial War Museum in Chelsea , London .
Fleet tender Fleet tenders were British merchant ships that were fitted with a wooden superstructure to resemble battleships during the Second World War . They were known as fleet tenders for security reasons , and were built to fool German reconnaissance planes . Three ships were converted in 1939 and another one ( HMS " Centurion " ) in 1941 . The three converted in 1939 were 7 , 900 - tons merchant ships : These three ships never left the home waters of the United Kingdom and became obsolete in 1941 . The SS " Mamari " was wrecked off The Wash and then attacked by German torpedo boats . The SS " Pakeha " and SS " Waimana " were converted back to merchants and returned to cargo use , but as the " Empire Pakeha " and " Empire Waimana " under the Ministry of War Transport HMS " Centurion " was a First World War - era battleship , disarmed under the Washington Naval Treaty . In 1941 she was fitted with a dummy after - funnel , mainmast and main armament , to resemble HMS " Anson " . She left the home waters to sail around the Cape of Good Hope to Bombay and in June 1942 was a part of a convoy to Malta ( operation Vigorous ) . HMS " Centurion " was used as a blockship off the Normandy coast as part of the Gooseberry shelter for Omaha Beach .
Lebed - class LCAC The Kalmar class ( Project 1206 , NATO reporting name Lebed ) are a class of medium - sized assault hovercraft designed for the Soviet Navy . The few remaining craft are operated by the Russian Navy . Designed by the design bureau wing of Almaz shipbuilding company early in the 1970s , production started in 1972 and continued until 1985 in plants at Leningrad and Theodosia . Configuration . The Lebed class is the Russian Navy equivalent to the U . S . Navy LCAC , though the U . S . version entered service seven years later . The Lebed class entered service in 1975 , and by the early 1990s twenty had been produced . The ship has a bow ramp with a gun on the starboard side and the bridge to port . The Lebed class can be carried by the . The type began to be withdrawn following the fall of the Soviet Union , and by 2004 only three remained . Number 533 is in the Northern Fleet , while 639 and 640 took part in the Caspian Sea exercises of 2002 . Capacity . Each hovercraft can carry up to 40 tons of cargo .
Edmond Pery , 5th Earl of Limerick Colonel Edmund Colquhoun Pery , 5th Earl of Limerick , GBE CH KCB DSO TD ( 16 October 1888 – 4 August 1967 ) was a British peer and soldier . Pery was the eldest son of the 3rd Earl of Limerick and his second wife , Isabella , and was educated at Eton and New College , Oxford . He was commissioned into the City of London Yeomanry and during World War I he fought in Egypt , France and at the Battle of Gallipoli , ending the war as a Major . After the war , Pery continued to serve in the City of London Yeomanry , which became a Royal Artillery brigade , and inherited his half - brother ' s titles in 1929 . Lord Limerick was an Honorary Colonel of the City of London Yeomanry ( TA ) from 1932 – 52 , Vice - Chairman from 1937 – 41 and then Chairman of the City of London Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association from 1941 – 50 and Vice - Chairman from 1942 – 49 , then Chairman from 1949 – 54 , then President of the Council of Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Associations from 1954 - 56 . He was also Chairman of the Medical Research Council from 1952 - 60 . On 1 June 1926 , he had married Angela Olivia Trotter ( 1897 — 1981 ) , a daughter of Lt Col . Sir Henry Trotter ; they had three children : In 1946 , Angela , Countess of Limerick was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1954 , she was elevated to Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire ( GBE ) . Lord Limerick committed suicide in 1967 and his titles were inherited by his elder son , Patrick , who died in 2003 . Angela , Countess of Limerick , died in 1981 .
John Brazell John Brazell ( 1837 – August 12 , 1866 ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Biography . Born in 1837 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , Brazell was still living in that city when he joined the Navy . He served during the Civil War first on the . In the April 1862 Battle of Forts Jackson and St . Philip , " Brooklyn " fought Confederate ships in the Mississippi and passed artillery batteries at Chalmette , Louisiana , leading to the capture of New Orleans . The ship then proceeded up the river and Brazell participated in the passage of Vicksburg , Mississippi , in mid - 1862 before transferring to the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he showed " coolness and good conduct " while serving as a quartermaster and gun captain aboard " Richmond " . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Brazell ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Served on board the U . S . S . " Richmond " in the action at Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 , where he was recommended for coolness and good conduct as a gun captain during that engagement which resulted in the capture of the rebel ram " Tennessee " and in the destruction of Fort Morgan . Brazell served gallantly throughout the actions with Forts Jackson and St . Philip , the Chalmettes , batteries below Vicksburg , and was present at the surrender of New Orleans while on board the U . S . S . " Brooklyn " . Brazell reached the rank of chief quartermaster before his death in Philadelphia on August 12 , 1866 .
Spanish ship San Miguel ( 1773 ) San Miguel was a 74 - gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy , launched in 1773 . She was captured by the Royal Navy in October 1782 , during the Great Siege of Gibraltar and commissioned as the third rate HMS " San Miguel " . She was sold out of the navy in 1791 .
60th Air Defense Artillery Regiment ( United States ) The 60th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense unit of the United States Army . The 60th Coast Artillery ( AA ) ( 60th CA ) , during the World War II era , was part of USAFFE ' s Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays , under the Philippine Coast Artillery Command . This anti - aircraft unit was to provide air defense over Manila Bay and the southern tip of the Bataan Peninsula . The 60th CA was equipped with 3 - inch gun s ( an older model with a vertical range of 8 , 200 m ) , 37mm Guns , . 50 - caliber machine gun s , and Sperry searchlights . One battery , with a platoon of searchlights , was located at Fort Wint , in Subic Bay . Lineage . Constituted 23 December 1917 in the Regular Army as the 60th Artillery , Coast Artillery Corps and organized at Fort Monroe , Virginia , comprising Regular Army companies and National Guard companies from Virginia and the District of Columbia . Demobilized 24 February 1919 at Ft . Washington , Maryland ( National Guard companies concurrently reverted to control of Virginia and the District of Columbia ) Reconstituted 26 October 1922 in the Regular Army as the 60th Artillery Battalion , Antiaircraft and organized at Fort Crockett , Texas . Expanded , reorganized and redesignated 1 July 1924 as the 60th Coast Artillery . Surrendered 6 May 1942 to the Japanese forces on Corregidor Island , Philippine Islands . Inactivated 2 April 1946 at Fort Mills , Philippine Islands . Redesignated 1 August 1946 as the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and activated at Fort Bliss , Texas . Redesignated 7 December 1949 as the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion Automatic Weapons Battalion , Mobile . Redesignated 27 July 1950 as the 60th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion . Inactivated 17 June 1957 at Southampton , England . Reorganized and redesignated 31 July 1959 as the 60th Artillery , a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System . Redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 60th Air Defense Artillery . Campaign streamers . World War I World War II
Jack G . Downing Jack G . Downing was Deputy Director for Operations ( DDO ) for the Central Intelligence Agency from 1997 until July 1999 . Jack Downing graduated from Harvard University , majoring in Chinese language and history , as well as Asian studies . He served two combat tours in Vietnam as an officer in the U . S . Marine Corps before joining the CIA in 1967 . Downing was appointed Station chief in both Moscow and Beijing , and as Chief of the Directorate of Operations East Asia Division . He retired in 1995 , but returned two years later when he was asked by then - Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet to head the DO .
John M . Bowyer Rear Admiral John Marshall Bowyer ( 19 June 1853 – 15 March 1912 ) was an officer in the United States Navy . Bowyer was born in Cass County , Indiana ; and in 1870 , he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from Iowa . He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1874 . Ensign Bowyer served aboard the ship attached to the Northwestern Lake station . From 1881 through 1884 , he was on the sloop in the Pacific . In 1887 , he was assigned to special instruction in the torpedo service . Then he was detailed to the Asiatic Station where he served aboard the screw sloop . Bowyer returned to the Naval Academy from 1891 through 1894 . For the next three years , Bowyer was attached to the North Atlantic Station , serving on the cruisers and , and the ill - fated battleship . At the outbreak of the Spanish - American War , Bowyer was assigned as Executive Officer aboard the gunboat : and from 1898 through 1901 , he served on the . He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander in 1899 . In 1901 , Lieutenant Commander Bowyer was assigned to ordinance duty at the Washington Navy Yard . Subsequently , Lieutenant Commander Boyer commanded the . Bowyer reached the rank of Captain in 1907 . He commanded the battleship on the " Great White Fleet " cruise around the world . Then he commanded the battleship , the flagship of the Atlantic Fleet . Captain Bowyer was the Superintendent of the Naval Academy at Annapolis from June 10 , 1909 , through May 15 , 1911 . Bowyer reached flag rank in September 1911 ; and he retired from the Navy with the rank of Rear Admiral .
Luis José de Orbegoso Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada - Galindo , de Burutarán y Morales 5th conde de Olmos ( August 25 , 1795 – February 5 , 1847 ) , an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician , was President of Peru from 1833 to 1836 . This was a time of profound social instability and continuing civil war which led his government to coexist with that of Pedro Pablo Bermúdez , and later with Felipe Santiago Salaverry . Orbegoso was born in Chuquizongo , Huamachuco , in 1799 . His parents were Justo de Orbegoso y Burutarán and Francisca Moncada - Galindo y Morales , 4th countess of Olmos . He participated with José de San Martín in the war for independence and in the war against Gran Colombia during the government of José de La Mar . After the death of Agustín Gamarra ' s first government , Orbegoso was elected president in 1833 , winning over Pedro Pablo Bermúdez , whom Gamarra had preferred as his successor . During his government , he suffered the enmity of Gamarra , who while in exile had supported Bermúdez in his eventual presidency . Orbegoso had also to deal with the young Felipe Santiago Salaverry , who overthrew him 1835 . Orbegoso , however , did not lose the support of southern Peru and , with the support of then President of Bolivia , Andrés de Santa Cruz , he regained his leadership throughout the country and executed Salaverry . In retribution to the support he received from Santa Cruz , he acceeded to form the new Peru - Bolivian Confederacy . Santa Cruz assumed the " Supreme Protectorship " of the confederation and Orbegoso maintained only the presidency of the Republic of North Peru . After being defeated by Gamarra ' s efforts to regain power with the support of Chile , Orbegoso had to abandon the country , returning later and staying away from an active political life . He died in Trujillo in 1847 .
Meteoro ( brigantine ) " Meteoro " was brigantine of the Chilean Navy originally built in New Orleans for the Mexican Navy prior to the Mexican - American War . During its service in the Chilean Navy the ship engaged in the suppression of the 1851 Chilean Revolution in the Straits of Magellan . In 1859 " Meteoro " , commanded by Martín Aguayo , almost sunk at during a storm in Cape Horn while its companion ship " Pizarro " commanded by Francisco Hudson was lost .
First Division Monument The First Division Monument is located in President ' s Park , south of State Place Northwest , between 17th Street Northwest and West Executive Avenue Northwest in Washington , DC , United States . The Monument commemorates those who died while serving in the 1st Infantry Division of the U . S . Army .
HMS C15 HMS " C15 " was a British C class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 7 December 1906 and was commissioned on 1 April 1908 . " C15 " torpedoed in the English Channel on 3 November 1917 . She was sold on 28 February 1922 .
Henry H . Mauz , Jr . Henry H . Mauz , Jr . ( born May 4 , 1936 ) is a retired United States Navy admiral and the former Commander in Chief , United States Atlantic Fleet from 1992 to 1994 . Military career . After graduating from the United States Naval Academy in 1959 , Admiral Mauz went on to serve in Vietnam , operating river patrol boat s along the Mekong Delta . He went on to command a minesweeper , USS Prime ( MSO - 466 ) , , the guided missile destroyer USS Semmes ( DDG - 18 ) , the guided missile cruiser USS England ( CG - 22 ) ( 1980 – 1982 ) , Mauz served as commander of the United States Seventh Fleet from 1988 to 1990 , and in August 1990 assumed command of all U . S . Naval forces in the Persian Gulf . Mauz retired from active duty in 1994 as Commander - in - Chief , U . S . Atlantic Fleet . A 1965 graduate of the Naval Postgraduate School , he was President of the Naval Postgraduate School Foundation , and currently serves on its board . Admiral Mauz ' s education includes the Naval Academy , Naval War College , a graduate degree in electrical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School , and an MBA from Auburn University . His awards and decorations include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal , the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , Bronze Star with " V " device , the Meritorious Service Medal , and three awards of the Navy Achievement Medal . His foreign awards include the Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star , the Canadian Meritorious Service Cross , and the French Ordre National du Mérite . He is a Companion of the Naval Order of the United States , and was inducted into the Naval Postgraduate School Hall of Fame on November 19 , 2003 . Retirement controversy . Although retired as a full admiral , Mauz ' s retirement was delayed by Congress due to allegations he mishandled sexual harassment complaints . Senator Patty Murray ( D - WA ) was chiefly responsible for the delay . In a letter to her , Mauz stated : " You have commented on the need to hold our senior officers accountable . I suggest that a U . S . senator has the same code and that in the case of your actions during my confirmation you should also be held accountable . You showed little interest in the truth . " Mauz was later confirmed by a vote of 92 - 6 in favor of allowing him to retire at 4 - star rank . Post retirement . Mauz is on the Board of Advisors for Genex Technologies , the Board of Directors of CNF Inc . , the Board of Directors of Texas Industries , and the Advisory Council of Northrop Grumman Ship Systems , and is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Civil Military Relations at the Naval Postgraduate School . He is also a member at Cypress Point Club . References . , Gold and Silver Star ,