naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
North Elmham Castle North Elmham Castle , also known as North Elmham Bishops Castle and North Elmham Bishops Chapel , is a ruined castle in the village of North Elmham , in the county of Norfolk . History . The castle was built on the site of the Anglo - Saxon cathedral of Elmham in the 11th century . It was the see of Herbert de Losinga , Bishop of Norwich . On 29 December 1387 Henry le Despenser , Bishop of Norwich , obtained a license to crenellate the church . He then fortified the structure into a double - moated castle . The castle fell into disrepair during the 16th century , and by the 19th century nothing was visible above ground . Present . English Heritage , which currently stewards the site , excavated it during the 1970s , revealing the earthworks and ruins . Remains of a kitchen hearth , arches , cathedral towers , and walls are all visible . Visitation of the ruins is free and open year round . The castle is a grade I listed building and a scheduled monument . Debate . There is debate over some of the ruins at the site . Though it is known for certain that part of the ruins are from the castle and 11th - century church , the building which stood there prior is in doubt . It was thought to have been the site of a Saxon cathedral built of stone and flint , and used as the seat of the bishops of East Anglia during the late Anglo - Saxon period until 1075 . Architectural historians now believe that though an Anglo - Saxon church made of timber did exist on the site , the stone remains are actually of a Norman chapel built after the Norman invasion .
Chapayev - class cruiser The " Chapayev " class ( Project 68 Чапаев ) were a group of cruiser s built for the Soviet Navy during and after World War II . Seventeen ships were planned but only seven were actually started before the German invasion . Three incomplete ships were destroyed when their building yard in Nikolaev was captured by Nazi Germany and the remaining five cruisers were completed only in 1950 . Design . The design was based on the " Kirov " class cruiser , but with significant changes in armament : 4 triple gun turrets replacing 3 triple gun turrets . The 152mm B38 guns fired a shell to . The rate of fire was 6 to 7 rounds per minute . The guns were mounted in individual cradles with separate elevation . The secondary armament consisted of CM - 5 guns in twin enclosed powered turrets with a rate of fire of 15 - 18 rounds per minute . The light AA guns consisted of weapons . The hull was enlarged , and protection was improved compared to the " Kirov " class . The machinery was based on a unit system with alternating boiler rooms and engine rooms . The five ships were completed after the war to a modified design ( Project 69K ) . The aircraft facilities and torpedo tubes were removed and radar and improved anti - aircraft artillery added ( 37mm guns in twin powered and water cooled mountings ) . Ships . A large programme was envisaged and seventeen ships were authorised in 1939 and eleven ordered . Six ships were to be built for the Baltic Fleet , four for the Black Sea Fleet and one for the Pacific Fleet . Seven ships were actually laid down before the German invasion in 1941 . Two more ships , " Ordzhinikidze " and " Sverdlov " , were scrapped on the slipway after being captured by the Germans in Nikolayev during World War II .
51st Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 51st Reserve Division ( " 51 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in September 1914 and organized over the next month , arriving in the line in October . It was part of the first wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I , which were numbered the 43rd through 54th Reserve Divisions . The division was initially part of XXVI Reserve Corps . It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Recruitment . The division was relatively mixed . The 233rd Reserve Infantry Regiment ( later transferred to another division ) was from the Thuringian states , mainly Saxe - Coburg - Gotha and Saxe - Meiningen . The 234th Reserve Infantry Regiment was raised in the former Hesse - Kassel ( or Hesse - Cassel ) in the Prussian Province of Hesse - Nassau , and also included soldiers from the Principality of Waldeck . The 235th and 236th Reserve Infantry Regiments were from the Prussian Rhine Province . The 23rd Reserve Jäger Battalion was from the Prussian Province of Hanover . Most support units were from Hesse - Kassel . Combat chronicle . The 51st Reserve Division fought on the Western Front , entering the line in mid - October . As part of the so - called Race to the Sea , it fought in the Battle of the Yser in October – November 1914 . It remained in positional warfare along the Yser until April 1915 . It then took part in the Second Battle of Ypres , which involved in the first large - scale use of poison gas in World War I . After the battle , it remained in the trenchlines along the Yser until September 1916 . It saw action in the Battle of the Somme that month , and then went into the line in the Champagne region until April 1917 . In May 1917 , it fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also called the Third Battle of Champagne . It then returned to the line in the Champagne region and later fought from August to October against the French offensive at Verdun . After Verdun , it again returned to the line in the Champagne , remaining there until March 1918 . The division fought in the German Spring Offensive and the Second Battle of the Marne , and then resisted the subsequent Allied counteroffensives , including the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . In 1918 , Allied intelligence rated the division as a good second class division . Order of battle on formation . The 51st Reserve Division was initially organized as a square division , with essentially the same organization as the reserve divisions formed on mobilization . The order of battle of the 51st Reserve Division on September 10 , 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on February 16 , 1918 . The 51st Reserve Division was triangularized in August 1916 , sending the 101st Reserve Infantry Brigade headquarters and the 233rd Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 195th Infantry Division . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and the enlargement of combat engineer support to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on February 16 , 1918 was as follows :
Aksel Airo Aksel Fredrik Airo ( 1898 , Turku – 1985 ) was a Finnish lieutenant general and main strategic planner during the Winter War and the Continuation War . He was the virtual second - in - command of the Finnish army under Field Marshal C . G . E . Mannerheim . As a young man he became a supporter of Finnish independence . His father changed the original , Swedish , family name Johansson to Airo ( lit . " oar " ) . During the Civil War in Finland ( 1918 ) , Airo served in the artillery on the White side , taking part in battles near Viipuri . At the end of the war he was a lieutenant . Afterwards he was trained as an officer in Lappeenranta artillery school and was sponsored to the French military academy , École militaire in St . - Cyr in 1920 . In 1921 he was accepted into École Supérieure de Guerre , the French officer training academy , from which he graduated as a captain in 1923 , at the age of 27 . Mannerheim invited him to join Finland ' s Defense Council as a secretary . Airo rose swiftly in rank , mainly because newly independent Finland needed suitable officers for the fledgling army . He had , however , some professional challenges because he was neither a Germany - trained Jaeger officer , nor one of the officers trained in the Tsar ' s army during Russia n rule . Still , by 1930 he had become a colonel . In the beginning of the Winter War , Mannerheim appointed Airo as Quartermaster - General , and he was promoted to major general , and two years later to lieutenant general . On November 18 , 1944 , Marshal Mannerheim made him a Knight of the Mannerheim Cross in Order of the Cross of Liberty . Airo was in the Mikkeli headquarters during the war and rarely went to the field . He was responsible for operational planning and the presentation of operations , or , as he allegedly said , " The Marshal leads the war , but I lead the battles " . They had many differences in opinion but still managed to work well together . After the Continuation War , the now Communist - dominated Valpo ( the Finnish State Police ) arrested him for his alleged involvement in the so - called Weapons Cache Case . He was imprisoned from 1945 to 1948 without being sentenced , until president Juho Kusti Paasikivi released him . He said little about the affair afterwards and earned the moniker " the silent general " . The President relieved him of his duties with special permission to wear a military uniform . In his later life Airo was a member of the parliament for the National Coalition Party and a presidential elector . Unlike many of his contemporaries , he never wrote memoirs about his war experiences . In 1982 President Mauno Koivisto awarded Airo with the membership of the Finnish Order of the White Rose . He died in 1985 at his home farm .
Rally for Democracy and Liberty The Rally for Democracy and Liberty , abbreviated as R . D . L . ( Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et la Liberté in French ) is a Chadian rebel group that was formed in August 2005 by former members of the Military of Chad who deserted and united under their founder and current leader , Mohammed Nour . Their main objective is to oust the government of the current Chadian president Idriss Déby and then hold elections after a two - year interim period . RDL has bases in eastern Chad and in the Darfur region of Sudan . On December 18 , 2005 , the RDL attacked Chadian troops stationed in the city of Adre , causing the current crisis in the Chadian - Sudanese relations .
BNS Somudro Joy " BNS Somudro Joy " is the largest and the heaviest Guided Missile Frigate of the Bangladesh Navy . Bangladesh Navy acquired the ship from USA under " Excess Defense Articles " . History . From 1972 to 2012 the ship was known as USCGC Jarvis ( WHEC - 725 ) and served the US Coast Guard as a high endurance cutter . It was decommissioned on 30 March 2012 and was acquired by the Bangladesh under the " Excess Defense Articles " and the Foreign Assistance Act . She was officially handed over to Bangladesh Navy on May 23 , 2013 . After the refit she will serve with the Commodore Commanding BN Flotilla ( COMBAN ) Future plans . Bangladesh Navy plans to further upgrade the vessel ' s combat capability with the installation modern C - 802A AShM , FL - 3000 or FM - 90N SAM and AW - 109ZN or Z - 9C ASW helicopter on board . After refit , this frigate will be one of the most powerful frigates of Bangladesh Navy .
98th Southern Range Support Squadron The 98th Southern Range Support Squadron is responsible for the day - to - day support of Creech Air Force Base , the Point Bravo logistics site and the Nevada Test and Training Range southern ranges . The unit is part of the 98th Range Wing . The squadron supports Airmen assigned to the 57th Wing , 99th Air Base Wing and 98th Range Wing . In addition to fire protection and emergency medical treatment , the squadron also oversees airfield operations and management , civil engineering , food services , lodging , transportation , logistics , communications and base and range security . It is also responsible for the bed - down and support of all deployments to Creech AFB . History . Reactivated on July 29 , 1995 , at Nellis Air Force Base . Assigned to Creech Air Force Base in 2007 .
Werner Quast Werner " Quax " Quast ( 21 June 1920 – 12 July 1962 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . On 7 August 1943 Werner Quast rammed his BF - 109 into an Il - 2 Sturmovik and was forced to bail out . He was taken prisoner by Soviet forces and was held until 1949 . He joined the postwar Luftwaffe in 1956 and died in a helicopter accident in Mittenwald on 12 July 1962 . During his career was credited with 84 aerial victories , all on the Eastern Front .
SS Alexander Macomb SS " Alexander Macomb " was a Liberty ship of the United States Merchant Marine during World War II . Construction began on Hull 2023 on 18 February 1942 at the Bethlehem - Fairfield Shipyard of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation in Baltimore , Maryland , under Maritime Commission contract 0036 . " See , " . The ship was launched on 6 May , and her sea trials were completed on 2 June . She was named for Alexander Macomb , an American General known chiefly for his leadership at the Battle of Plattsburgh in the War of 1812 . Service history . Her first Captain was Carl Froisland , a sailor with long experience of the Atlantic . She steamed to New York and there loaded her cargo of Sherman tanks , P - 38 aircraft and explosives for the Soviet Union , and then joined convoy BX 27 to Halifax . On this maiden voyage across the Atlantic , she had 41 crew and 25 U . S . Navy gunners on board . Two hundred miles east of Boston , she was torpedoed and sunk by the . Ten of the crew were lost . and pursued " U - 215 " and succeeded in sinking it with depth charge s . , a Canadian corvette that was not part of the convoy , assisted in the rescue of the crew of " Alexander Macomb " and picked up twenty - five survivors , while others in the convoy rescued the remainder . The wreck of the " Alexander Macomb " was rediscovered in October 1964 by the Risdon Beazley company salvage ship " Droxford " at position . The bulk of the metal cargo was removed in 1965 by the same ship . It is considered to be " dangerous to dive . " The wreck of " U - 215 " was discovered by Canadian divers and marine archaeologists in July 2004 .
USS Caesar ( AC - 16 ) USS " Caesar " ( AC - 16 ) was a collier built in 1896 by Ropner and Sons , Stockton - on - Tees , England , as Kingtor ; purchased by the United States Navy on 21 April 1898 ; fitted out by New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned on 13 May 1898 , Lieutenant Commander A . B . Speyers in command . Playing the same essential role in fleet operations as does a modern - day oiler , the collier " Caesar " sailed from Lambert ' s Point , Virginia on 1 June 1898 laden with coal for the North Atlantic Squadron then blockading Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Spanish - American War . She continued to carry fuel for this force until 8 July 1900 , when she cleared Norfolk , Virginia , on the first of four voyages to the Far East . Sailing by way of the Suez Canal , " Caesar " brought cargo to the ships taking part in the suppression of the Philippine – American War , and aided in the establishment of bases in the new American territory . In July 1903 , " Caesar " returned to duty with the North Atlantic Fleet until decommissioned at Norfolk Navy Yard on 23 May 1904 . Recommissioned on 27 December , she ferried equipment and supplies for the solar eclipse expedition of 1905 to Valencia , Spain . At the close of the scientific program , she returned to Norfolk with the equipment on 13 October 1905 . While out of commission at Norfolk from 28 October - 4 November 1905 , " Caesar " was fitted with towing machinery , and then joined the stores ship , collier , and tug in an historic assignment ; together , the ships towed the floating dry dock by way of the Suez Canal to Olongapo , Luzon , a passage which took from 28 December 1905 – 10 July 1906 . This remains one of the sea ' s great towing achievements . " Caesar " made voyages to the Mediterranean from October 1915 - April 1916 and from July – September 1916 . On her first , she carried 135 refugees from Jaffa , to Alexandria , Egypt . Clearing New York for the Mediterranean once more on 19 December 1916 , " Caesar " delivered Red Cross relief supplies for Syria at Alexandria , then sailed on to Olongapo . She served as cargo and passenger carrier for the Asiatic Fleet until August 1918 , when she sailed for the Panama Canal and Norfolk , arriving on 26 October . Three days later she sailed for France with Army cargo , returning to Norfolk on 26 February . East coast operations preceded an extensive overhaul at Norfolk which began in September 1920 . From May 1921 , she resumed duty transporting coal and other supplies between the east and west coasts , and on 11 March 1922 , she cleared Hampton Roads on her last voyage . After carrying cargo through the Panama Canal to Tutuila , American Samoa , she proceeded to Mare Island Navy Yard , where she was decommissioned on 11 June and sold on 22 December .
SS Empire Caicos Empire Caicos was a 3 , 533 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1945 for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was sold in 1946 and renamed Sugar Transporter . In 1957 she was sold and renamed Pattawilya . In 1962 , she was sold and renamed Clovelly , serving until she was damaged in a storm in 1967 and then scrapped later that year . Description . " Empire Caicos " was built by William Gray & Co . Ltd . , West Hartlepool for the MoWT . She was launched on 28 February 1945 and completed in March . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of } . She had a GRT of 3 , 533 and a NRT of 2 , 250 . She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by the Central Marine Engineering Works , West Hartlepool . The engine could propel her at . History . " Empire Caicos " was allocated the United Kingdom Official Number 180082 . She used the Code Letters GFDY . She was owned by the MoWT and operated under the management of H Hogarth & Sons Ltd . In 1946 , management was transferred to the Rodney Steamship Co Ltd . In 1950 , " Empire Caicos " was sold to Silvertown Services Ltd and renamed " Sugar Transporter " . She was placed under the management of R S Dalgleish Ltd , Newcastle upon Tyne . In 1953 , management was transferred to Kentships Ltd . In the aftermath of Hurricane Charlie , " Sugar Transporter " departed Rochester , Kent for Jamaica with a cargo of of cement and over 100 parcels of clothes . In 1957 , " Sugar Transporter " was sold to J Paterson & Co ( Pty ) Ltd , Melbourne , Australia and renamed " Pattawilya " . She was used to carry cargos of coal , gypsum and limestone , as well as general cargo to the coastal ports of Australia . In 1961 she was sold to McIlwraith , McEacharn & Co . In 1962 , " Pattawilya " was sold to Cronulla Shipping Co Ltd , Hong Kong and renamed " Clovelly " . In 1963 , she was sold to the San Jeronimo Steamship Co Ltd , Panama . On 6 January 1967 , " Clovelly " was damaged in a storm and was towed in to Sasebo , Japan . She was then sold for scrap , arriving at Uchiumi on 13 May 1967 .
Type 98 20 mm AA Half - Track Vehicle The Type 98 20 mm AA Half - Track Vehicle was an experimental Japanese self - propelled anti - aircraft gun . It was a single 20mm , type 2 gun mounted on a type 98 , 4 - ton half - track . The vehicle , which was also named the " Ko - Hi " , was manufactured by Isuzu . The Type 98 4 - tonners were " high speed " prime movers , capable of 25 mph when loaded . Average transport time was 10 hours road time for 125 miles .
Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery The Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery is a cemetery in France containing Canadian and British soldiers who were killed during the Dieppe Raid in 1942 . 944 members of the Allied Armed Forces are interred at Dieppe , of which 707 are Canadian . Other dead from the raid are buried in Rouen , where the Germans took captured raiders , some of whom died of their wounds , or at the Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey , where wounded were taken by the Allies . Also in the cemetery are the remains of one woman , Mary Janet Climpson , a British Salvation Army Officer who had been killed in 1940 . The cemetery is unique in that it was created by the occupying Germans , as the Allied raid was a disaster and many dead were forced to be left behind in enemy territory . The headstones have been placed back to back in long double rows , typical of German burials but unlike any other Commonwealth war cemetery . When Dieppe was retaken in 1944 , the Allies elected not to disturb the graves , so this unusual arrangement still stands . Today , the cemetery is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission . Location . The Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery is located approximately five kilometres south of Dieppe , in the town of St Aubin sur Scie . It can be reached by following the N27 ( Avenue Des Canadiens ) south from Dieppe to the second roundabout where a green Commonwealth War Graves Commission sign points down the Chemin Des Canadiens .
SM U - 111 SM U - 111 was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I . She took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic . She was the only one submarine , which had a clergyman on board ( Wilhelm Meinhold , Marinepfarrer ) . Completed at Kiel early in January 1918 , she went to the Kiel School for shakedown and training until March , when she joined " 4 . Flotille " . She was monitored continuously by British Naval Intelligence ( Room 30 ) , on which her movement reports are based . All her operations took place in 1918 . She departed 26 March on her first war patrol , operating in the Irish Sea and western entrance to the English Channel , sinking two steamers and returning to Kiel and 23 April . Her second patrol began 27 May , sailing fro Heligoland Bight " via " Muckle Flugga to the western English Channel . She sank at least one confirmed steamer , and returned the same way , arriving 24 June . Her third patrol , between 25 August and 29 September , was " via " Fastnet and Scillies into the Irish Sea , where she was hampered by British A / S patrols and obtained no sinkings . " U - 111 " surrendered at Harwich 20 November , after the Armistice .
Peter C . Hains , III Peter Conover Hains , III ( May 11 , 1901 - July 3 , 1998 ) was an American Army cavalry officer and Major General who competed in the 1928 Olympic games in the modern pentathlon . Hains graduated from West Point in 1924 , where he ranked 162nd in his class . Hains ' family had a long legacy of military service , with his great grandfather , grandfather , and uncle all serving as high - ranking military officers . Hains ' , Peter Hains father was involved in an infamous murder scandal in New York City in 1909