naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Kryptonite Operation Kryptonite was the name given to a joint operation including the United Kingdom , the Netherlands and the Afghan National Army , representing the ISAF and NATO . The operation itself was part of Operation Achilles . The intention of the operation was to clear the area around the Kajakai Dam , belonging to Taliban fighters so this important power generation station could be reopened . Sporadic fighting had been occurring around the dam and the Taliban controlled the town of Musa Qala for around ten days as the Allied forces attempted to gain a foothold in the area so they could begin the offensive . The battle . Allied Troops launched their offensive over the weekend of the 10th and 11th , little pre - raid bombing took place as to avoid damaging infrastructure in and around the dam . Destruction of the dam would have had grave results for both sides and the Afghan people . This may have been a major reason for the Taliban to not destroy it as they fled . Allied troops came under heavy small arms fire and light heavy arms fire including RPG s and bomb s as they advanced towards the dam . Towards the end of the battle , it became obvious that although outnumbered , the ability of allied troops to cut the enemy ' s supplies was more demoralizing as Taliban forces started to flee the field of battle . Early Monday morning , allied forces carried out a pre - dawn bombing raid on Taliban forces located approximately in between the dam and the town , killing the Taliban commander Mullah Manan . This killing was seen as the straw that broke the camel ' s back , as not long after chaos ensued amongst the Taliban forces as they made a hasty retreat . This quote from Colonel Tom Collins describes the desperate Taliban retreat : - Colonel Tom Collins , NATO spokesman . Aftermath . Although the Taliban never intended to topple the dam they still resorted to a semi - scorched earth policy . They destroyed or dismantled many of the complex mechanical components of the dam as they fled the field , to delay a NATO advance . Seizing of this dam and getting it up and running again was of great importance to the Allied troops , as restoring much needed power to the area would win support for the allied troops and the Afghan mission overall from the locals , as well as provide jobs in the energy sector . NATO reported that it suffered no casualties in the fighting , and that the number they killed or wounded is unknown . They did say however that they captured ten suspected militants during and after the battle . NATO also claims that no civilians were killed in the action ( despite NATO claims that human shields were used ) , although this is refuted by local leaders .
Logical line of operation A logical line of operation ( LLO ) is an obsolete American military doctrinal concept . It was originally used along with the separate term " line of operation " which described a geographic line from a base of operations to a military objective . The qualifier " logical " indicated the pursuit of military objectives that did not necessarily require a physical or geographic description , such as governance capacity - building and development activities . In 2011 , the US Army ' s " Field Manual 3 - 0 : Operations " rescinded the term in favor of the term " line of effort " . As there is no joint doctrinal equivalent in the US military , the term has become obsolete in US military vernacular . The terms still exists in various US doctrinal references that have not been updated sine 2011 . Usage . In the traditional sense , a line of operations is " an imaginary line between the force ' s base of operations and the objective " . In contrast , a logical line of operations is one in which " positional reference to enemy forces has little relevance " . In essence , an LLO was a strategy or a series of steps to address a problem , either military or non - military , within the context of counterinsurgency operations , stability operations , or other operations not focused on major combat operations . Such problems included traditional military objectives such as providing security or training host - nation security forces , or unconventional tasks such as providing social services , economic development , or governance capacity - building . Rescinded in US military doctrine . The term " logical line of operation " was rescinded in US Army doctrine by " FM 3 - 0 : Operations " . It was replaced by the term " Line of Effort " . The change makes lines of operation , which are now strictly geographic designations , distinct from the conceptual line of effort , which " links multiple tasks and missions using the logic of purpose — cause and effect — to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions . " Current uses . The current U . S . counter - insurgency field manual identifies five different LLOs . Depending on their appropriateness to the situation , all five should be pursued simultaneously in order to weaken the root causes of insurgency . As many of these tasks exceed the traditional scope of the U . S . military , this concept is tied to the use of Provincial Reconstruction Team s ( civilian reconstruction experts embedded with combat troops ) .
No . 617 RAF Squadron The 617è Squadron of Royal Air Force , better known as the squadron " Dambusters " . Currently operates with Panavia Tornado GR4 and is headquartered in Lossiemouth , Scotland . History . The 617 Squadron is possibly the most famous RAF currently in operation . Was formed in March 21 of 1943 , specially for Operation Chastise . Initially led by Guy Gibson . The low - altitude attack against the dams in German Ruhr became famous , which earned them the nickname of Dambusters . After this attack the 617th was called to perform several special assignments where giant pumps used as the ' Tallboy ' of 5 . 448 kg and a ' Grand Slam ' of 9 . 988 kg . After the war , received 617 Bombers Lincoln in September 1946 . In 1952 received the 617 planes Canberra . In December 15 of 1955 was deactivated and reactivated in May 1 of 1958 when it started to operate with Avro Vulcan . The 617 stayed with the aircraft until December 31 of 1981 , when the unit was deactivated . The next year the 617th was reactivated and began operating with Tornado GR1 in Marham . Squadron 617 went back into combat 1991 in Gulf War and then participated in patrols on the Exclusion zones at Iraq starting from the Turkey , Saudi Arabia and Kuwait . Recently participated in the Iraq War ( Operation Telic for the British ) by using the Tornado GR4 . Battle Honours : Dams of the Ruhr , 1943 , Fortress Europe , 1943 - 45 ; Port of Barcelona , in 1944 , Germany and France , 1944 – 45 , Normandy , 1944 ; Tirpitz , 1944 , North Sea , 1944 – 45 , German Ports , 1945 ; Gulf War in 1991 .
James Archibald Meriwether James Archibald Meriwether ( September 20 , 1806 – April 18 , 1852 ) was a United States Representative , jurist and lawyer from Georgia . His uncle was U . S . Representative James Meriwether . Meriwether was born near Washington , Georgia , in 1806 and graduated from the University of Georgia ( UGA ) in Athens with a Bachelor of Arts ( A . B . ) degree in 1826 . After studying law and gaining admittance to the state bar , he practiced law in Eatonton , Georgia . From 1811 to 1813 , he was judge of the inferior court of Clarke County , Georgia . He was also captain of a volunteer unit during the Seminole Wars . From 1831 to 1836 and again in 1838 , Meriwether served in the Georgia House of Representatives as a representative of Clarke County . From 1845 to 1849 , he served as a judge of the superior court for the Eatonton ( Ocmulgee ) district . In 1840 , he was elected as a Whig Representative from Georgia to the 27th United States Congress and served one term from March 4 , 1841 until March 3 , 1843 . He returned to the Georgia House in 1843 , 1851 and 1852 . Meriwether died on April 18 , 1852 , in Eatonton and was buried in that city ' s Union Cemetery .
Ray E . Eubanks Ray E . Eubanks ( February 6 , 1922 – July 23 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Eubanks joined the Army from La Grange , North Carolina in 1942 , and by July 23 , 1944 was serving as a Sergeant in Company D , 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment . On that day , on the island of Noemfoor in Dutch New Guinea , Sgt . Eubanks single - handedly assaulted an enemy position with a Browning Automatic Rifle ( BAR ) . Although he was wounded and his BAR disabled during his approach , he nevertheless charged the position , using his gun as a club to kill several Japanese soldiers until he was himself killed . For these actions , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later , on March 29 , 1945 . Eubanks , aged 22 at his death , was buried in Westview Cemetery , Kinston , North Carolina . Medal of Honor citation . Sergeant Eubanks ' official Medal of Honor citation reads :
Francis Marshall ( general ) Francis C . Marshall was a Brigadier General in the United States Army during World War I . He served as commanding officer of the 2nd Infantry Brigade , 1st Infantry Division . He was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his achievements in this command during the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . His award citation reads : Marshall was born in Galena , Illinois , his official residence was listed as Darlington , Wisconsin . Marshall was killed in an airplane crash in 1922 at which time he was the Assistant Chief of Cavalry . The following year , the new airfield at Fort Riley , Kansas , was named in his honor .
Sieges of Kuromaru The Kuromaru ( 黒丸 ) , or Black Fortress , was a fortress of Kanrei Shiba Takatsune located in Japan ' s Echizen province ( present - day Nittazuka , Fukui , Fukui Prefecture ) . It was attacked twice during the Nanboku - chō Wars of the 14th century , during which it was likely both built and destroyed . The fortress was first attacked in August 1338 by a small force under Nitta Yoshisada , numbering roughly fifty horse , in what would come to be known as the battle of Fujishima . Hosokawa Akiuji had been ordered by Ashikaga Takauji to aid Shiba Takatsune in the defense , and encountered Nitta ' s force a short distance from the fortress . The warrior monks of the Heisen - ji monastery , originally part of Nitta ' s force , were bribed by Shiba to abandon the attack , and Nitta ' s rush to fill the ensuing gap in his formations led to him and his horsemen running into Hosokawa ' s . In the battle which followed , Nitta was mortally wounded by an arrow . The following year , upon his enthronement , Emperor Go - Murakami ordered the late Nitta ' s brother , Wakiya Yoshisuke , to lead another attack on the fortress . This assault was successful , and ended in Shiba ' s surrender . " Taiheiki " . Chapter 20 of the " Taiheiki " chronicles the events of the death of Yoshisada at Kuromaru . It states that an arrow wounded his horse , making it unable to jump over a ditch . It fell and trapped Yoshisada ' s left leg . An arrow in the flurry struck him between the brows , and he drew his sword and slit his throat . The resemblance to the death of Minamoto no Yoshinaka as described in the " Heike Monogatari " has led to questions about whether the account is factual . Helmet of Yoshisada . In 1656 , a farmer tilling the land near the site of the battle uncovered a helmet and presented it to Matsudaira Mitsumichi , daimyo of the Fukui Domain . The construction of the helmet indicated that it had belonged to a high - ranking warrior , and the domain judged that it had belonged to Yoshisada . The helmet is now at the Fujishima Shrine in Fukui . A marker , the Nittazuka , stands at the site where the farmer found the helmet .
John Henry Manley John Henry Manley ( July 21 , 1907 – June 11 , 1990 ) was an American physicist who worked with J . Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California , Berkeley before becoming a group leader during the Manhattan Project . He was born in 1907 in Harvard , Illinois . He graduated with a BS from the University of Illinois in 1929 and received his PhD in physics from the University of Michigan 1934 . He was a lecturer Columbia University and later professor at the University of Illinois from 1937 to 1942 . He married Kathleen , and had two daughters : Kim Manley of Los Alamos , New Mexico ; and Kathleen Manley of Greeley , Colorado By the time World War II broke out , Manley was at the University of Chicago ' s Metallurgical Laboratory . In 1942 , his friend and colleague , J . Robert Oppenheimer , held a meeting with several leading theorists at UC Berkeley . The topic of the meeting : develop preliminary plans to design and build a nuclear weapon . Manley , one the attendees , was tasked with learning more about the properties of fast neutrons . Less than a year later , the center of the project had shifted to the Los Alamos National Laboratory . On April 4 , 1943 , Manley arrived at the laboratory . Manley spent his first days in Los Alamos working with other newcomers on the construction of laboratory buildings . He also installed a Cockcroft – Walton generator , which he had brought with him from Urbana . Throughout the war Manley served as one of Oppenheimer ' s principal aides , with particular responsibility for laboratory management . After the war , Manley left Los Alamos to serve as executive secretary of the general advisory committee for the Atomic Energy Commission , a federal agency charged with managing the nation ' s atomic assets . After leaving the AEC , he returned the Los Alamos as assistant director for research . From 1951 to 1957 , Manley taught physics at the University of Washington . He retired in 1974 , and died in 1990 in Los Alamos at age 82 .
Luther Badger Luther Badger ( April 10 , 1785 – October 30 , 1868 ) was an American lawyer and politician from New York . Biography . Badger was born in Partridgefield , Berkshire County , Massachusetts the son of Lemuel and Sabra ( Smith ) Badger . In 1786 , the family removed to a farm on the bank of the Susquehanna River in Harpursville , Broome County , NY . He attended Hamilton - Oneida Academy for two years but did not graduate . During his college career , he taught in the common schools . In 1807 , Badger began to study law with William Eager in Jamesville , and in 1810 entered the law office of Randall & Wattles in New Hartford . In 1811 , he married Eunice Wells . He was admitted to the bar in 1812 , and practiced in Jamesville until 1824 when he retired from the bar . Badger joined the New York State Militia as a sergeant major , was promoted to quartermaster in 1812 , eventually became a brigadier general in 1819 , and was judge advocate of the 27th Brigade of Infantry from 1820 to 1827 when he retired from military service . Elected as an Adams man to the 19th United States Congress , Badger served as U . S . Representative for the twenty - third district of New York from March 4 , 1825 , to March 3 , 1827 . Afterwards he engaged in mercantile pursuits . In 1832 , he returned to his old home in Harpursville , and resumed the practice of law . He was District Attorney of Broome County from 1847 to 1849 when he resigned and resumed his private practice in Jordan , NY . On August 28 , 1845 , he married Betsey ( Dimock ) Avery , sister of Davis Dimock , Jr . . Badger died on October 30 , 1869 , in Jordan , Onondaga County , New York ; and was buried at the Jordan Cemetery there .
Gotlieb Luty Gotlieb Luty ( 1842 – 1904 ) was a corporal in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . Luty enlisted in the Army from Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania in April 1861 , and was assigned to the 74th New York Infantry . He continued serving until being wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Corporal , Company A , 74th New York Infantry . Place and date : At Chancellorsville , Va . , May 3 , 1863 . Entered service at : West Manchester , Pa . Birth : Allegheny County , Pa . Date of issue : October 5 , 1876 . Citation : Bravely advanced to the enemy ' s line under heavy fire and brought back valuable information .
Structure of the Canadian Army The Canadian Army is not an independent service ; rather it is the land component of Canada ' s integrated defence forces known as the Canadian Armed Forces . The Canadian Army is commanded from Canadian Army Headquarters at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa and is subdivided into five divisions as of July 2013 : Each Division is responsible for the regular army and militia forces located within its geographical purview – all except the 5th Division has a regular army mechanized brigade group under its command , together with between two and three militia brigades . 1st Division is made up of approximately 2000 personnel , who compose a high readiness force . Each mechanized brigade group contains three infantry battalions , an armoured regiment , an artillery regiment , and a combat engineer regiment . Each brigade group also contains a service support battalion , signals squadron and military police platoon . In addition to the four Divisions , the Land Force Doctrine and Training System , commanded by a major - general and headquartered at McNaughton Barracks , CFB Kingston , Ontario , is responsible for the supervision , integration and delivery of the Land Force training and long - range planning for Land Force training and doctrine development , including simulation and digitization . It includes a number of schools and training organizations , such as the Combat Training Centre at CFB Gagetown , NB , and the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre at CFB Wainwright , AB . Higher field command elements . In 2009 , the 1st Canadian Division headquarters unit at Kingston in Ontario was activated from the redesignation of the old Canadian Joint Forces Headquarters ( which had been formed in 2000 from the redesignation of the original 1st Canadian Division Headquarters ) . Canadian Divisions . Regular Force formations are in bold face . Reserve Force units are in light face . 5th Canadian Division . Despite some misconceptions , there is no such formation as ' Land Force Northern Area ' ; the Canadian Rangers and other formations operating in the north report to Joint Task Force ( North ) .
HMS Avenger ( F185 ) HMS " Avenger " was a Type 21 frigate of the Royal Navy . Built by Yarrow Shipbuilders Ltd , Glasgow , Scotland , she was completed with Exocet launchers in ' B ' position . Royal Navy service . With the appointment of Captain Hugo White in 1981 , " Avenger " became leader of the 4th Frigate Squadron . " Avenger " was a late arrival at the War , as she didn ' t leave the UK until 10 May 1982 , arriving at the Falklands on the 25th May - a record for any ship involved in the operations , and a massive distance in 14 days . All Type 21 ' s had a massive short distance high - speed ability thanks to the Rolls Royce Olympus turbines , but at the time the RN preferred this information not to be publicised . Captain White led " Avenger " in the Falklands War surviving an attack by an Exocet missile which it shot out of the sky with the 4 . 5 inch mark 8 gun on the focsle of the ship . Her divers salvaged a 20mm Oerlikon from the wreck of HMS Antelope which was remounted to increase her Anti - Aircraft capability , referred to on - board as " Antelopes Avenger " . She also assisted with naval gunfire support during the campaign . On June 11 , she was conducting naval bombardments of Port Stanley in preparation for an amphibious assault by British troops . While the shelling was going on , she directly struck a house where civilians were sheltering , killing three British women and wounding several others . They are the only British civilian casualties of the war . During the Falklands deployment , an alarming crack in the ship ' s hull progressively worsened with the stormy South Atlantic weather . On return to UK , she was taken in for refitting , with a steel plate being welded down each side of the ship to eliminate the problem . At the same time modifications were made to reduce hull noise . Pakistan Navy service . " Avenger " was decommissioned and sold to Pakistan on 23 September 1994 , where she was refitted and renamed " Tippu Sultan " . She is the third ship to carry this name and remains in service with the Pakistan Navy as part of the 25th Destroyer Squadron .
Fokker S - 13 The Fokker S . 13 Universal Trainer is a dual engine propellor aircraft for training purposes designed and manufactured by the former Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker . History . In the early years after World War II , Fokker was resurrected with help from the national institute for aircraft development , the Nederlands Instituut voor Vliegtuigontwikkeling ( NIV ) . Fokker expected strong demand for training aircraft , and therefore a range of designs was worked out . One of those became known as the S . 13 . This model , dubbed Universal Trainer , was meant to be trainer for multiple engine training , navigation training , paradropping training and training in radiotelephony . The prototype with registration PH - NEI made its maiden flight in 1949 . The aircraft proved to be easy handling and strong . Flight testing was successful and the Dutch armed forces intended to buy the aircraft . Shortly before deciding upon procurement , the Dutch armed forces were provided with Beechcraft Model 18 s under the Mutual Defense Assistance Pact ( MDAP ) , almost for free . As other parties did not show interest in the S . 13 , Fokker terminated the programme . The only existing S . 13 was transferred to the NIV in 1953 . Years afterwards , the airframe was donated to the aerospace faculty of the TH Delft , today known as Delft University of Technology . Tactical history . Although the Dutch armed forces never took the S . 13 into service , Fokker operated the S . 13 prototype in military livery . Therefore the S . 13 has flown as D - 101 . During the flood of February 1953 , the D - 101 was used for photoreconnaissance from naval air station Valkenburg . Remains . There are some S . 13 - relics in existence today . The cockpit section is displayed in the Aeronautical & War Museum at Texel Airport . The tailsection is owned by Aviodrome aviation museum , but currently it is not on display .
USS SP - 1595 USS " SP - 1595 " was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission during World War I . Almost no information has been found regarding SP - 1595 ; her name , operational history , and characteristics are unknown . However , a photograph taken at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 15 January 1919 shows a section patrol boat known only as SP - 1595 in U . S . Navy service on that date .
103rd Air Control Squadron 103rd Air Control Squadron is a National Guard squadron assigned to the Connecticut Air National Guard . It provides theater command with air battle management , radar surveillance , air space control , and long haul communication capabilities to plan and execute combined air operations , air superiority and air strike ground attack operations , and provides state authorities with a dedicated force ready to react to local and national emergencies .