naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hartley Moon Colonel Hartley A . Moon ( February 1877 – after 1934 ) was adjutant general of Alabama from 1919 to 1927 . Moon was born in Goodwater , Alabama . At the rank of major , Moon commanded the US Infantry 167th 2nd Battalion during World War I ; they arrived in France in late 1917 and saw action in the Lorraine region in early 1918 . Moon was wounded in action . After the war , he helped World War I flying ace James Meissner in the transformation of the Birmingham Flying Club into the 135th Observation Squadron , which was assigned to the state of Alabama in 1922 . In the late 1920s , he had a house built in the Cloverdale - Idlewild neighborhood of Montgomery , a house which was later inhabited by Wayne Greenhaw . In the 1930s he served as colonel in the Alabama National Guard . He died in Montgomery , Alabama .
Rongyos Gárda The " Rongyos Gárda " ( Scrubby or Ragged Guards ) were a non - regular paramilitary unit in Hungary , active in 1921 then reestablished in 1938 . The Treaty of Trianon which concluded the First World War , awarded a stretch of land with mixed Hungarian and ethnic German population to Austria . However during August 1921 when Austrian police and customs officers attempted to occupy the area , their efforts were thwarted by armed resistors organised by the Rongyos Gárda . The Guards were a militia of Hungarian volunteers , many of them former soldiers of the anti - communist detachments that fought alongside Nicholas Horthy s National Army . They were led by captain Pál Prónay . The name Scrubby Guards reflected the fact that they were a non - governmental force . The Guards ' primary goal was to reduce the land loss after the 1920 Treaty of Trianon . First they proclaimed a new country between Austria and Hungary , the Lajtabánság , supposedly ruled by their commander , Pál Prónay . At the same time they launched a series of attacks to oust the Austrian forces that entered the area . After the clashes , Sopron ' s status as part of Hungary ( along with that of the surrounding eight villages ) was decided by a local plebiscite held on December 14 , 1921 , with 65 % voting for Hungary . Since then Sopron has been called " Civitas Fidelissima " ( " The Most Loyal Town " , ) , and the anniversary of the plebiscite is a city holiday . The Guards were reorganised in 1938 on the eve of Hungarian - Czechoslovak negotiations , which took place between October 9 and October 13 , 1938 , in Komárno aiming to resolve the territorial conflict between the two sides . The guerillas began to infiltrate into southern Slovakia and Ruthenia . The military pressure contributed to the decision of the Czechoslovak government to accept an international arbitration to solve the territorial dispute . The historic role of the Scrubby Guards is disputed . Some historians claim they were saviors of Hungarian land , the only ones fighting the Trianon Peace Pact ' s dictations . During the communist rule they were depicted as savage terrorists , who killed innocent people . Parts from Pál Prónays diary were published during the 1960s in order to disseminate these views . The first books about their activity were only published after 1989 . The existence of the Guards was rarely mentioned in Hungarian textbooks before the millennium .
228th Battalion ( Northern Fusiliers ) , CEF The 228th ( Northern Fusiliers ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in North Bay , Ontario , the unit began recruiting in early 1916 in Nipissing and Sudbury . After sailing to England in December 1916 , the battalion became the 6th Battalion , Canadian Railway Troops . The 228th ( Northern Fusiliers ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . A . Earchman . The battalion established an ice hockey team , which played in the 1916 – 17 NHA season . The squad , playing in their khaki military uniforms , proved very popular , and was third in league standings with a 6 - 4 record when they dropped out of the league upon being ordered overseas . A scandal arose when hockey stars Eddie Oatman and Gordon Meeking were discharged , both subsequently claiming they had been paid bonuses and promised commissions to play hockey for the 228th .
German submarine U - 174 German submarine " U - 174 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down at the AG Weser yard in Bremen as ' werk ' 1014 on 2 January 1941 , launched on 21 August and commissioned on 26 November with " Fregattenkapitän " Ulrich Thilo in command . " U - 174 " began her service career with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla . She was re - assigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 August 1942 . She was sunk by an American Lockheed Ventura in April 1943 . Operational career . 1st patrol . The boat departed Kiel on 30 July 1942 , moved through the North Sea and negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . She encountered , in mid - Atlantic Ocean , the corvette HNoMS " Potentilla " . The Norwegian ship attacked ; at one point , she was so close that a depth charge projected towards the U - boat , fell on the far side of the German vessel . The submarine escaped ; nevertheless , the damage inflicted was sufficient to cause " U - 174 " to leave a tell - tale trail of oil , thus obliging Thilo to abort the patrol . She entered Lorient , on the French Atlantic coast , on 6 September . 2nd patrol . For her second sortie , she sailed to the waters off Brazil . There she sank four ships between 31 October and 2 November 1942 . She sank a fifth vessel on 15 December but was twice unsuccessfully attacked by American Catalina aircraft on the same day . She returned to Lorient on 9 January 1943 . 3rd patrol and loss . " U - 174 " had departed her French base on 18 March 1943 , bound for the eastern seaboard of North America . On 27 April , she was attacked and sunk by an American Lockheed Ventura aircraft southwest of Newfoundland . Fifty - three men died ; there were no survivors .
Pyrrhic victory A Pyrrhic victory is a victory with such a devastating cost that it is tantamount to defeat . Someone who wins a Pyrrhic victory has been victorious in some way ; however , the heavy toll negates any sense of achievement or profit . Etymology . The phrase " Pyrrhic victory " is named after Greek King Pyrrhus of Epirus , whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at Heraclea in 280 BC and Asculum in 279 BC during the Pyrrhic War . After the latter battle , Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius : In both of Pyrrhus ' s victories , the Romans suffered greater casualties than Pyrrhus did ; however , the Romans had a much larger supply of men from which to draw soldiers , so their casualties did less damage to their war effort than Pyrrhus ' s casualties did to his . The report is often quoted as " Another such victory and I come back to Epirus alone " , or " If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans , we shall be utterly ruined . " The term is used as an analogy in fields such as business , politics , and sports to describe struggles that end up ruining the victor . Theologian Reinhold Niebuhr , for example , commented on the necessity of coercion in preserving the course of justice by warning , " Moral reason must learn how to make coercion its ally without running the risk of a Pyrrhic victory in which the ally exploits and negates the triumph . " Also , in " Beauharnais v . Illinois " , a 1952 U . S . Supreme Court decision involving a charge proscribing group libel , Justice Hugo Black alluded to the Pyrrhic War in his dissent : " If minority groups hail this holding as their victory , they might consider the possible relevancy of this ancient remark : ' Another such victory and I am undone .
German submarine U - 281 German submarine " U - 281 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 7 May 1942 at the " Bremer Vulkan " yard at Bremen - Vegesack as ' werk ' 46 . She was launched on 16 January 1943 and commissioned on 27 February under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Heinz von Davidson . Service history . " U - 279 " served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla for training from February to July 1943 and operationally with the 7th flotilla from 1 August . She carried out four patrols , but sank no ships . She was a member of 11 wolfpack s . 1st patrol . After two short voyages in Norwegian waters , the boat headed for occupied France , departing Kiel on 6 October 1943 , the ' long ' way round the British Isles . She passed between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and into the Atlantic Ocean . She was attacked by a B - 24 Liberator east of Cape Farewell ( Greenland ) on the 17th . The aircraft ' s depth charge s fell short , but three men were wounded by machine gun fire . The submarine arrived at St . Nazaire on 26 November . 2nd patrol . " U - 281 " s second patrol was to mid - Atlantic and at 61 days , was to be her longest . 3rd patrol . By contrast , her third patrol was the shortest ; she did not get out of the Bay of Biscay . Return to Germany and surrender . She then made the short journey from St . Nazaire to La Pallice , further south along the French Atlantic coast in August 1944 , before undertaking the longer voyage to Kristiansand in Norway , again negotiating the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroes , but in the other direction . She did not stay in Norway long , arriving at Flensburg on 5 November 1944 . The submarine surrendered at Kristiansand - Sud on 9 May 1945 . She was transferred to Loch Ryan in Scotland via Scapa Flow for Operation " Deadlight " . She was sunk on 30 November 1945 .
Harry Everett Townsend Harry Everett Townsend ( 1879 - 1941 ) was a war artist for the United States Army during WWI . Biography . Harry Everett Townsend was born in Wyoming into the family of a prosperous farmer and merchant . Early in life he displayed his talent for art by earning money as a sign painter for local businessmen . After graduation from high school he went to Chicago to study at the Art Institute . During the summers he serviced farm equipment for the McCormick Harvester Company and traveled to the American Southwest . Both the Rock Island and Santa Fe Railroad s used his scenic paintings for advertising . In 1900 Townsend began to work with Howard Pyle , after which he studied briefly in Paris and in London . He returned to Chicago in 1904 to teach for a short time at the Academy of Fine Arts , after which he moved to Leonia , New Jersey , to begin a successful career illustrating magazines such as " Harper ' s " , " Century " , " Everybody ' s " , and " McClure ' s " as well as a number of books . In 1912 he established a studio in northern France so that he could be close to both Paris and London . The onset of war forced Townsend to return to the United States , where he resumed his work as an illustrator . He began his war service drawing posters before receiving his captain ' s commission in 1918 . Much of Townsend ' s work during the war focuses on the human element . He produced a number of images showing how the rigors of combat eventually leave little to distinguish between winners and losers in war . After the war Townsend returned to illustrating . His experiences with the AEF , " War Diary of a Combat Artist " , were published in 1991 .
Greenan Castle Greenan Castle is a 16th - century tower house , possibly on the site of an ancient fort , around 2 . 5 miles south - west of Ayr in South Ayrshire , Scotland . The entrance lintel has the inscription , " JK 1603 FMD " , for John Kennedy of Baltersan and his third wife , Florence MacDowell , who held the lands , Greenan Mill , and salmon fishing rights on the River Doon at that time . History . The lands of Greenan were forfeited by John , Earl of Ross and Lord of the Isles in 1476 for treason against James III ) . In 1493 James IV granted the Lands of Greenan to William Douglas , son of Archibald , Earl of Angus . Beside the tower are traces of a walled courtyard and outbuildings - probably stables and a kitchen block as the small tower has no kitchen within its walls . In this courtyard on the morning of 12 May 1602 , Sir Thomas Kennedy of Culzean and his servant , Lancelot Kennedy , mounted their horses to ride to Edinburgh , having spent the night before with Thomas ' s half - brother , John Kennedy of Baltersan . Just a few miles away in the woods of St Leonards ( now a suburb of Ayr ) , they were ambushed by Thomas Kennedy of Drummurchie , Thomas Kennedy , brother to the Laird of Bargany , Walter Muir of Cloncaird , Thomas M ' Alexander , Thomas Wallace , a boy called Gilbert Ramsay and a borderer , Williame Irrwing . Sir Thomas was murdered in retaliation for the death of the young Laird of Bargany in December , 1601 at the Battle of Brockloch , near Maybole . Years later , the Muirs of Auchindrain ( father and son ) were executed for their " art and part " in this murder . The story inspired Sir Walter Scott to write a short play , " An Ayrshire Tragedy " .
17th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 17th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It served in West Virginia before being transferred to the Western Theater . The 17th Indiana was organized at Indianapolis , Indiana , and mustered in June 12 , 1861 . It left the state for Parkersburg , West Virginia , on July 1 , 1861 , and was subsequently attached to the District of the Kanawha until September , 1861 . Cheat Mountain District , W . Va . , to November , 1861 . Governor Oliver P . Morton appointed John T . Wilder as the lieutenant colonel of the 17th Indiana Infantry Regiment three months after the regiment was organized . On March 2 , 1862 , Wilder became the regiment ' s colonel , replacing Milo Hascall , who became a general . 15th Brigade , Army of the Ohio , to January , 1862 . 15th Brigade , 4th Division , Army of the Ohio , January , 1862 . 15th Brigade , 6th Division , Army of the Ohio , to September , 1862 . 15th Brigade , 6th Division , 2nd Corps , Army of the Ohio , to November , 1862 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , Left Wing 14th Army Corps , Army of the Cumberland , to December , 1862 . 2nd Brigade , 5th Division ( Center ) , 14th Army Corps , to January , 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 5th Division , 14th Army Corps , to June , 1863 . 1st Brigade , 4th Division , 14th Army Corps , to October , 1863 . Wilder ' s Mounted Brigade , Army of the Cumberland , to November , 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 2nd Cavalry Division , Army of the Cumberland , November , 1863 . 3rd Brigade , 2nd Cavalry Division , Army of the Cumberland , to October , 1864 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , Wilson ' s Cavalry Corps , Military Division Mississippi , to August , 1865 .
Michael Magner Michael Magner VC ( 21 June 1840 – 6 February 1897 ) was born in County Fermanagh , Ireland and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 27 years old , and a Drummer in the 33rd Regiment of Foot later The Duke of Wellington ' s Regiment ( West Riding ) , British Army , during the Abyssinia Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 13 April 1868 in Abyssinia ( now Ethiopia ) , during the assault on Magdala , when the head of the column of attack was checked by the obstacles at the gate , a small stream of officers and men of the 33rd Regiment and an officer of the Royal Engineers broke away from the main approach to Magdala and , reaching the defences , climbed a cliff , forced their way over a wall and through a strong and thorny fence , thus turning the defenders of the gateway . The first two men to enter Magdala were Drummer Magner and a private ( James Bergin ) . Magner later achieved the rank of Corporal . He died in Melbourne , Australia on 6 February 1897 . The Medal . Magner ' s medal is on public display in Museum Victoria , Carlton Gardens , Melbourne , Australia . References . Listed in order of publication year
Operation Spark ( 1973 ) Operation Spark was a deception operation led by Syria and Egypt , aimed towards deceiving Israel of its intention to invade the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula respectively , in 1973 . The operation succeeded in that Israeli intelligence was not , as a whole , able to inform a nationwide alert that war was imminent and that mobilisation should proceed apace ; the established 48 hour warning had proved advantageous to Israel in previous wars , most notably the Six - Day War . However , a number of Israeli generals , including General David Elazar , cottoned on to the fact that the Syrians and the Egyptians were mobilising their forces behind the ceasefire lines , preparing for offensive actions . Importantly , and arguably the fact that saved the Golan Heights from Syrian conquest , was the ordering of the 7th Armoured Brigade to the area , even though this was a blatant disregard of the spirit of the Israeli High Command ' s current directives . Nevertheless , when war started , clearly Israel as a whole was surprised . Therefore , Operation Spark was a success , a preamble to Syrian and Egyptian initial success in the Yom Kippur War . However , as said , the initiative of some Israeli generals meant that some preparation was in place to try and resist the Arab advance .
Reina Victoria Eugenia - class battleship The " Reina Victoria Eugenia " class was a class of three battleship s of the Spanish Navy authorized as the " Plan de la Segunda Escuadra " under the Navy Law of 1913 . The class , as well as the lead ship , were named for King Alfonso XIII ' s English queen consort . The other two ships were classified as " B " and " C " . It was supposed to be designed by Vickers - Armstrongs , and built by John Brown . The ships were never built due to Britain ' s involvement in World War I , which halted all foreign projects being constructed in British yards . Background . Following disastrous losses in the Spanish - American War of 1898 , Spain lacked the money to rebuild its navy , so it was not until the Navy Law of 7 January 1908 that a new program authorizing three new battleships , the ( " España " , " Alfonso XIII " , and " Jaime I " ) , along with other ships , was passed . The delay enabled Spain to take advantage of experience gained by Britain with the world ' s first commissioned dreadnought , , and by the United States with its first dreadnought , . As Spain was incapable of building the " España " class herself due to a lack of resources , Armstrongs were contracted for the design and John Brown for the construction of the shipyard and ships themselves . A second Navy Law was passed in 1912 named the " Plan de la Segunda Escuadra " ( Second Squadron Plan ) . It called for , among several other ships , three dreadnoughts to supplement the " España " class . These dreadnoughts were named the " Reina Victoria Eugenia " class . They were to be in laid down in 1914 and 1915 and completed around 1920 . Design history . The class consisted of three ships , " Reina Victoria Eugenia " , the lead ship , and two others named " B " and " C " . The lead ship was named after King Alfonso ' s English wife . They were designed by Vickers - Armstrongs and were planned to displace with a speed of . Early plans for the type called for an armament of four twin guns ; however , financial difficulties resulted in the selection of an armament of four twin guns instead , which still would have had a longer range than most contemporary ships . The secondary armament would have been 20 guns . Other specifications of the ships were never decided upon , although it is probable that they would have resembled contemporary British ships , with two closely spaced funnels along with super - imposed turrets fore and aft . As with the " España " - class battleships , significant technical assistance from Britain would have been required . The outbreak of the First World War led to both the delay of the " España " class and the cancellation of the " Reina Victoria Eugenia " project . Since Spain did not sign the Washington Naval Treaty , whose signatories were forced to limit their ships to no more than 35 , 000 tons , the class was available for future Spanish governments to construct , either as a main ship or as support to other planned designs , like a possible or a ship based on the . However , the class was never constructed .
Thomas Whitehead Thomas Whitehead ( December 27 , 1825 – July 1 , 1901 ) was a nineteenth - century politician , lawyer , editor and merchant from Virginia . Biography . Born in Lovingston , Virginia , Whitehead received a limited education as a child , later engaged in mercantile pursuits , studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1849 , commencing practice in Amherst , Virginia . During the Civil War , he served in the Confederate Army as captain of Company E , 2nd Virginia Cavalry from 1861 to 1865 . Afterwards , he was elected to the Virginia Senate , but Reconstruction prevented him from taking seat . Whitehead was elected prosecuting attorney for Amherst County , Virginia in 1866 and again in 1869 , resigning in 1873 . He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1872 , serving from 1873 to 1875 and afterwards was editor of the " Lynchburg News " in 1876 and of the " Lynchburg Advance " in 1880 . Whitehead resumed practicing law and was elected commissioner of agriculture for Virginia in 1888 , serving until his death on July 1 , 1901 near Lynchburg , Virginia . He was interned in Spring Hill Cemetery in Lynchburg . Electoral History . 1872 . Whitehead was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives with 51 . 40 % of the vote , defeating Independent J . Foote Johnson .
Hansa - Brandenburg W The Hansa - Brandenburg W was a reconnaissance floatplane produced in Germany in 1914 to equip the Imperial German Navy . Similar in general layout to the Hansa - Brandenburg B . I landplane , the W was a conventional three - bay biplane with unstaggered wings of equal span . The pilot and observer sat in tandem , open cockpits , and the undercarriage consisted of twin pontoons . The NW and GNW of 1915 were a revised versions powered by a more powerful engine .
Yue Yi Yue Yi ( ) was an officer of the State of Yan during the Warring State period , also known as Lord Guojun . He was the son of the prime minister of the small nation of Zhongshan , but when Zhongshan was destroyed by Zhao ' s King Wuling , he was forced to wander from country to country . His talents were recognized by Yan ' s King Zhao , and he was made a minister . He served with great skill and helped forge the alliance with the nations of Zhao , Wei , Chu , Han and Qin against the threat posed by Qi . He led the allied armies and crushed the Qi forces . The cruel King of Qi was driven away , and , except for two cities , the entire territory of Qi was brought under control . Soon thereafter , King Zhao suddenly died . Due to the scheming of Tian Dan of Qi , King Hui was suspected of involvement in the death and was exiled to Zhao . He left the service of King Zhao on amicable terms but continued to spend time there , and became an important figure in both Zhao and Yan .