naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Wilbur F . Sanders Wilbur Fisk Sanders ( May 2 , 1834 – July 7 , 1905 ) was a United States Senator from Montana , a skilled lawyer and played a prominent role in the state ' s development . Biography . Sanders was born in Leon , Cattaraugus County , New York , where he attended the common schools , and taught school in New York . He was a nephew of Sidney Edgarton ( First Montana Governor ) . He moved to Ohio in 1854 , where he continued teaching , and studied law in Akron , gaining admission to the bar in 1856 . During the Civil War , he recruited a company of infantry and an battery of artillery in the summer of 1861 and was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 64th Regiment , Ohio Infantry , of which he was made adjutant . He assisted , in 1862 , in the construction of defenses along the railroads south of Nashville . When his term of enlistment expired , he resigned from the army . He settled in that part of Idaho Territory , which later became Montana , where he engaged in the practice of law and also became interested in mining and stock raising . He was a young lawyer when he moved to Montana in 1863 . He was there before courts were organized and , being one of the first permanent settlers , took a prominent part in bringing law and order to Montana . He was a prosecutor for the infamous Montana Vigilantes who took the law into their own hands after over one hundred men had been ambushed and murdered for their gold in Virginia City , Montana . Sanders ' prosecution of George Ives as a murderer led to the hanging of Ives and the rest of the " road agents " so that the reign of terror in Virginia City was brought to an end . In 1873 Sanders became a member of the Territorial Legislature , and next was a United States Senator . Also he realized the importance of preserving early records and for thirty years , as the president of the Montana Historical Society , established in 1865 , he accumulated newspapers and documents in his law office . He became known as Colonel Sanders . He was a Republican candidate for election in 1864 , 1867 , 1880 , and 1886 as a Delegate to Congress , and was a member of the Territorial house of representatives of Montana from 1873 to 1879 . Upon the admission of Montana as a State into the Union , he was elected as a Republican to the U . S . Senate and served from January 1 , 1890 , to March 3 , 1893 . While in the Senate , he was chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills ( Fifty - second Congress . ) Sanders died in Helena , Montana , aged 71 , and was interred in Forestvale Cemetery there . Sanders County , Montana is named in his honor .
276th Volksgrenadier Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 276th Volksgrenadier Division was a volksgrenadier division of the Heer ( German Army ) during the Second World War , active from 1944 to 1945 . The division was formed in Poland in September 1944 , by redesignating the 580th Volksgrenadier Division , under the command of Kurt Möhring . It contained the 986th , 987th and 988th Grenadier Regiments , and the 276th Artillery Regiment . The division fought in the Battle of the Bulge , where it took over two thousand casualties , including General Möhring , who was succeeded by Hugo Dempwolff . It then saw action in Luxembourg , and was destroyed fighting American forces in March 1945 .
Nathan Whiting Nathan Whiting ( 4 May 1724 , Windham , Connecticut – 9 April 1771 ) was a soldier and merchant in Colonial America . Biography . Whiting ' s parents died while he was a child , and he was raised by father ' s sister Mary and her husband , Reverend Thomas Clap . Whiting would graduate from Yale in 1743 while his uncle Thomas was president of the University . In 1745 Ensign Nathan Whiting joined the New England army being raised to capture Fortress Louisbourg from the French . After his service in King George ' s War , he became a merchant in New Haven , Connecticut . In 1750 Nathan married Mary Saltonstall . They would have eight children together . At the start of the French and Indian War , Whiting was appointed as Lieutenant Colonel of the 2nd Connecticut Militia Regiment . During the Battle of Lake George on September 8 , 1755 , Col . Whiting ' s Regiment and the Massachusetts regiment of Col . Ephraim Williams were marching between Lake George and Fort Edward 14 miles away , when their column was ambushed by an army of French and their Indian allies . With the death of Col . Williams , Col . Whiting led the survivors back to Sir William Johnson ' s camp at Lake George . There the Colonial army held off the French attacks until men from Joseph Blanchard ' s New Hampshire Provincial Regiment attacked the rear of the French army and captured the French commander Jean Erdman , Baron Dieskau . In 1756 Whiting was promoted to full Colonel in the Connecticut militia . In 1757 his regiment was at Fort at Number 4 on the Connecticut River in New Hampshire guarding the frontier . After the war Col . Whiting served in the Connecticut General Assembly until his death on 9 April 1771 . He is buried at the Grove Street Cemetery , New Haven .
Alexander Grant ( Upper Canada politician ) Alexander Grant ( 20 May 1734 – 8 May 1813 ) was a Royal Navy officer , businessman , and politician in Upper Canada . During his service with the Royal Navy Grant saw action in the Seven Years ' War before becoming a naval superintendent . He then embarked on a career in the ship building industry before losing much of his wealth during the American Revolution . Grant recovered , however , and rose to prominence in civil society , becoming the administrator of Upper Canada in 1805 . Naval career . Grant entered the Royal Navy in 1755 and saw service in North America , on Lake Champlain , during the Seven Years ' War . Grant became a naval superintendent in 1763 , with his headquarters on Navy Island ( in the Niagara River ) , before moving to Detroit , Michigan . His headquarters again changed , every winter , during which time the regiment was in New York City , up to 1774 . Merchant career . He began to build his own vessels , essentially selling them to himself at a considerable profit . He built a commercial empire by also selling or renting ships to merchants and this was initially solidified during the American Revolution during which he was given military command of most of the Great Lakes . However , in the course of the revolution Grant lost much of his income with the loss of 12 , 000 acres ( 49 km² ) of land he owned in New York , and the end of his participation in private shipping . Civil career . Grant recovered , however , and rose to prominence in civil society , being appointed a justice of the peace in 1786 and , to a succession of governmental and political positions ( in both Upper Canada and Lower Canada ) , he joined the Executive Council of Upper Canada under governor John Graves Simcoe as well as the Legislative Council . In 1799 , Grant became a deputy superintendent of Indian Affairs . In August 1805 , Grant became administrator of Upper Canada , upon the death of Lieutenant - Governor Peter Hunter , and continued Hunter ' s policies until a new lieutenant governor , Francis Gore , arrived from Britain , in August 1806 . Grant died in 1813 in Detroit and was buried on the other side of the Detroit River in Sandwich , now Windsor , Ontario .
Battle of Providencia Battle of Providencia ( also called the Second Battle of Cahuenga Pass ) took place in 1845 on Rancho Providencia in the San Fernando Valley of southern California . It was a battle rooted in the fact that Mexico was choosing Mexicans to be Governors of Alta California instead of Californians . In 1842 , the Mexican government appointed Manuel Micheltorena as governor . The native - born " Californios " did not like him and , by 1844 , a revolt began . After fighting near Los Angeles , Micheltorena finally decided to give up his fight . He withdrew his forces and Pío Pico became governor . Despite the excessive artillery barrage ( cannonballs are still occasionally found during excavations in the area ) casualties in the battle were limited to one horse and one mule .
William N . Leonard William Nicholas Leonard ( January 12 , 1916 – August 21 , 2005 ) was an American World War II flying ace and rear admiral in the United States Navy . He was born in Douglas , Arizona , the son of United States Army Colonel Charles F . and Hannah M . Leonard . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1938 and was designated Naval Aviator # 6953 in 1940 . He fought in the Pacific battles of the Coral Sea , Midway and the Solomons . He won the Navy Cross at both Midway and Coral Sea . He was also awarded the Legion of Merit ( four times ) , the Distinguished Flying Cross , the Air Medal ( eight times ) and a Bronze Star . " In the words of Barrett Tillman , WWII aviation historian , [ Leonard ] is a ' national treasure ' because he is so generous with his time and knowledge , records , and photos . " After the war , he became a test pilot and commander , including of carrier groups . He retired in 1971 as a rear admiral . Two of his brothers also became high - ranking officers : Army Major General Charles F . Leonard , Jr . and Army Air Forces Lieutenant Colonel John Wallis Leonard , who was killed in action in World War II . William Leonard , his father and two brothers are all interred in Arlington National Cemetery .
Flanders U - boat flotillas The Flanders U - boat flotillas were Imperial German Navy formations set up to prosecute the U - boat campaign against Allied shipping in the British Home Waters during the First World War . Originally operating as a flotilla , it was split in two during the latter part of the war . The Flanders flotilla was constituted in March 1915 at the port of Bruges in occupied Belgium . Commanded by " Kapitanleutnant " Bartenbach , the force comprised nine UB - and seven UC - type U - boat s , small mass - produced coastal types suited for operations in the closed waters of the Channel and the North Sea . UB boats were prefabricated in Germany and brought in sections to Bruges and assembled . The boats used Zeebrugge and Ostend as exit ports ; UC minelayers joined in late 1915 . Throughout the campaign the Flotilla grew , though losses also remained high , as the unit bore a considerable proportion of the trade war ( " Handelskrieg " ) around Britain ' s coast . During 1916 12 boats were lost ; in 1917 this rose to 29 boats , 9 UB - and 20 UC - type . In October 1917 the force was split into two full flotillas and Bartenbach , now a " Korvettenkapitan " , was made flotilla leader ( " Fueher der U - boote " , " FdU " ) . The 1st Flanders Flotilla , under K / L Walther , comprised 8 UB - and 12 UC - boats at its formation . during the next twelve months 10 UB - and 5 UC - boats were lost . With replacements the unit strength in 1918 was 16 UB - and 9 UC - boats . The 2nd Flanders Flotilla , led by K / L Rohrbeck , comprised 12 UB - and 12 UC - boats ; 12 Ub - and 4 UC - boats were lost but with replacements its strength in 1918 was 17 UB - and 7 UC - boats . By the end of 1918 , Germany had lost the war , and the base at Bruges was abandoned in the face of the German armies ' retreat . The surviving boats of the two flotillas were surrendered at Harwich in November 1918 .
USS Chatterer ( AMc - 16 ) USS " Chatterer " ( AMc - 16 ) was a " Chatterer " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy . The first ship to be named " Chatterer " by the Navy , " AMC - 16 " , formerly " Sea Breeze " , was acquired by the Navy and placed in service on 20 November 1940 . World War II service . Following conversion she was assigned to the Western Sea Frontier Force and later to the 12th Naval District . Post - war deactivation . Placed out of service on 12 September 1944 , she was stricken from the Navy Register on 14 October of that year .
James R . Webb James R . Webb is an American business strategist who was elected as the President of the United States Judo Association in 2006 . He is a former national judo champion , national coach and international referee , and holds a eighth degree black belt in judo , a seventh degree black belt in jujutsu , and a second degree black belt in karate . He currently serves on the board of the US Olympic Committee ' s National Governing Body for judo , USA Judo . In addition , he is also a graduate of both the Kodokan Judo Summer Course and Kodokan Judo Kata Course in Japan . He is a long time student of 9th Dan Vince Tamura . Webb was educated at West Point , the University of Dallas and MIT . After providing leadership in such prominent consulting firms as Price Waterhouse , Deloitte & Touche and EDS A . T . Kearney , he became an internationally known strategy consultant . Prior to his strategy consulting career , he served as a Special Forces commanding officer . He is currently a professor at Southern Methodist University .
List of Australian George Cross recipients The George Cross ( GC ) is the highest civil decoration for heroism in the United Kingdom , a status it also holds , or has held , in several countries comprising the Commonwealth of Nations . The George Cross ( Post - nominal letters " GC " ) is regarded as the civilian counterpart of the Victoria Cross , and is awarded to civilians for " acts of the greatest heroism " or to military personnel for actions that are not " in the face of the enemy " or for which purely military honours would not normally be granted . In an official radio broadcast on 23 September 1940 , King George VI announced his decision to establish the awards of the George Cross and George Medal to recognise individual acts of bravery by the civilian population . The Royal Warrant that established the awards was published in the " London Gazette " on 31 January 1941 . Australians received the GC under the Imperial Honours System until the establishment of the Australian Honours System in 1975 , although Australians continued to receive Imperial awards until the late 1980s . The GC was replaced by a new award , the Cross of Valour , which was created by letters patent within the Commonwealth of Australia and its Territories on 14 February 1975 . One further award of the GC , however , was granted after this date to Constable Michael Kenneth Pratt in 1978 . Between the first award of the George Cross to an Australian in 1942 and the final bestowal in 1978 , 14 Australians were decorated with the medal . Of these , nine were awarded to military personnel and five to civilians ; eight of the medals were awarded posthumously . At the time of the institution of the GC , living recipients of the Empire Gallantry Medal automatically became recipients of the new award , and were required to return their previous medal ; two Australians became GC holders through this method . In 1971 , the British Government announced that living recipients of the Albert Medal and Edward Medal would be invited to exchange their medals for the George Cross , and henceforth formally become recipients of the latter award . The decision for such an action was the result of the decline in the status and significance of the two awards , leading recipients to feel they were not receiving the recognition they were due . Of the 27 Australian holders of the Albert Medal , 6 were living at the time and all opted to exchange their insignia for the GC . None of the eight Australians awarded the Edward Medal were alive in 1971 , and thus no Australian became a recipient of the GC through this exchange . Including exchange awards , a total of 22 Australians have been decorated with the George Cross . Recipients . Empire Gallantry Medal and Albert Medal exchanges . EGM = AM = < small > This indicates a recipient of the Albert Medal who exchanged the award for the George Cross .
Battle of Ölper ( 1761 ) The Battle of Ölper was a battle at Ölper , now a district of Brunswick , on 13 October 1761 . It occurred between a Franco - Saxon force and a Brunswick - Hanoverian force , lasted long into the night and ended in a Brunswickian victory . It was part of the Seven Years ' War .
403d Operations Group The 403d Operations Group ( 403 OG ) is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force Reserve 403d Wing . It is stationed at Keesler Air Force Base , Mississippi . Units . The 403 OG performs missions including airlift of personnel , equipment and supplies . Additionally , the group is the only unit in the Department of Defense tasked to organize , equip , train and perform all hurricane weather reconnaissance in support of the Department of Commerce . History . Trained for overseas troop carrier operations from late 1942 to the summer of 1943 , when it moved to the South Pacific . Transported men and supplies to forward areas in the Solomon Islands and flew passenger and cargo routes to New Zealand , Australia , Fiji , and New Caledonia . The group also moved personnel of Thirteenth Air Force units to the Southwest Pacific theater . Supported campaigns in New Guinea and the Philippines by transporting men and cargo to combat areas , evacuating casualties , and landing or dropping supplies for guerrilla forces . On 23 February 1945 , dropped paratroops at Laguna de Bay , Luzon , to free civilian internees held by the Japanese . Earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for transporting ammunition , food , and other supplies to Eighth Army forces in Mindanao and for landing on jungle airstrips to evacuate wounded personnel from Apr to Jun . From the Philippines , ferried occupation troops to Japan , evacuated liberated prisoners , and flew cargo and passenger routes to Japan and Australia . From June 1949 until 1 April 1951 , when it was called the active duty , the group trained as a reserve troop carrier unit in Oregon . In Mar and April 1952 , moved to Japan for operations against communist forces in Korea . Using C - 119s , the group dropped paratroops and supplies , transported personnel and equipment , and evacuated casualties . On 1 January 1953 , relieved from active duty and inactivated in Japan . It activated again as a reserve unit , training for airlift , air evacuation , and aeromedical evacuation missions until inactivation in 1959 . From 1992 , the group flew Air Force Reserve airlift and weather reconnaissance missions , including Hurricane Hunter missions .
Thomas Elliott ( flying ace ) Second Lieutenant Thomas Elliott ( 17 March 1898 – unknown ) was a First World War British flying ace credited with eleven aerial victories , all while flying as an observer in the Bristol F . 2 Fighter . The observer ace of Royal Air Force No . 62 Squadron scored the majority of his victories with George Everard Gibbons as pilot . Elliott later served as an instructor at an air gunnery school . Background . Thomas Elliott , son of Thomas Herbert Elliott and his wife Elizabeth , was born on 17 March 1898 in Gateshead in the north - east of England . At the time of the 1901 census , he resided at 9 Affleck Street in Gateshead with his parents , and the family continued to live there ten years later . Elliott was one of two children , and the only one to survive childhood . His father ' s occupation was recorded as lead manufacturer ' s agent . Prior to the war , Elliott was employed as a clerk with the firm of Raine and Company in Newcastle . Military career . Elliott enlisted with the military in April 1916 , and received his commission to the No . 62 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps on 12 March 1918 . The Squadron has recently deloyed to France and Elliott arrived not long after his new unit began operations from the aerodrome at Serny . Elliott was credited with eleven aerial victories while he was with No . 62 Squadron of the Royal Air Force , all of them from the Bristol F . 2b Fighter , and nine of them with George Everard Gibbons as pilot . Gibbons was a 17 - victory ace who was awarded the Military Cross , Distinguished Flying Cross , and French Legion of Honour . Gibbons had scored his first eight victories with Sidney Arthur William Knights as observer . However , Knights was hospitalized on 10 July 1918 and then was posted to the School of Aviation . Later , he was transferred to the Royal Air Force Armament School at RAF Uxbridge at the estate of Hillingdon House in Hillingdon in Greater London . Elliott , therefore , was the replacement for Knights . In September 1918 , Elliott was transferred to No . 1 School of Air Gunnery , where he served as an instructor . He relinquished his commission on 21 February 1919 . List of aerial victories . Elliott ' s aerial victories were achieved while flying as an observer and are detailed below .
Boeing XB - 39 Superfortress The Boeing XB - 39 Superfortress was a United States prototype bomber aircraft , a single example of the B - 29 Superfortress converted to fly with alternative powerplants . It was intended to demonstrate that the B - 29 could still be put into service even if the first choice of engine , the air - cooled Wright R - 3350 radial engine , ran into development or production difficulties . Design and development . Starting life as the first YB - 29 delivered to the United States Army Air Forces , it was sent in November 1943 to the Fisher Body Aircraft Development Section of General Motors to be converted to use Allison V - 3420 - 17 liquid - cooled W24 ( twin - V12 , common crankcase ) inline engines . Fisher was chosen for the modification as it was familiar with the engine , as it was to power the P - 75 Eagle that they were then developing . Testing on it began in early 1944 . Further development of the engine and the aircraft was delayed by a series of changes in the planned turbosuperchargers as the originally specified GE Type CM - 2 two - stage turbosupercharger became unavailable due to demands on GE ' s production of its other turbosuperchargers . Other turbosuperchargers were considered , but the end result was that the first flights of the B - 39 had to be made without any turbosuperchargers at all . In addition , in early 1944 , due to a sudden realization from the U . S . Army Air Force that it required a long range air superiority fighter , Fisher was directed to focus on its other major project , the P - 75 Eagle . In June 1944 , Fisher received a contract for 2 , 500 P - 75s . However , in October 1944 , for a variety of reasons , the P - 75 was canceled . Operational history . Fisher finally focused again on the B - 39 . The first flight of the B - 39 was made on 9 December 1944 at Cleveland , Ohio . The initial flight tests of the B - 39 , without turbosuperchargers installed , were impressive . However , the B - 39 program was by now seriously delayed , and the flawed R - 3350 B - 29s had already been rushed into combat in June 1944 . Despite continuing problems with the B - 29s , the aircraft was functioning well enough in combat that it no longer made any sense to shift resources in the manufacturing base to a new engine for the B - 29 and so the B - 39 was not ordered into production .