2K11 Krug The 2K11 " Krug ( ; ) is a Soviet and now Russia n long - range , medium - to - high altitude surface - to - air missile ( SAM ) system . " 2K11 " is its GRAU designation , while SA - 4 " Ganef is its NATO reporting name . The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant . Development and service . Development of the Krug ZRK - SD ( 2K11 ) air defense system started in 1957 by the Lyulev OKB design bureau . It was first displayed during a parade in Moscow in May 1964 . The system started to be fielded in 1967 and became fully operational in 1969 . It was used by the Russian Army as a long - range SAM . The early version of the Krug entered service in 1965 . The first operational deployment version , the Krug - A , entered service in 1967 , with extensively modified versions , the Krug - M in 1971 and the Krug - M1 in 1974 , which were developed to rectify problems discovered during army service . The upgraded version Krug - M was fielded in 1971 and the Krug - M1 in 1974 . A target drone called 9M316M Virazh , developed from obsolete Krug missiles , was proposed for export in 1994 . The 2K11 was briefly operated by the Soviet army during the war in Afghanistan in 1979 and 1980 , but was withdrawn several months after the initial invasion . In 1997 , it was reported that , between 1993 and 1996 , some 27 fire units of Krug and 349 missiles had been sold to Armenia . Poland flight tested four missiles in September 2006 against P - 15 Termit ( SS - N - 2 ' Styx ' ) targets . Description . Vehicles . The TEL vehicles are tracked ( modified AT - Ts ) based on a GM - 123 chassis and carry two missiles each on an elevating turntable for up to 360 - degree rotation and 70 - degree elevation . The two primary versions of the missile in service are the 9M8M1 ( 2K11M " Krug - M " ) and 9M8M2 ( 2K11M2 / 3 " Krug - M1 " ) , both of which are believed to be known to the US DoD as SA - 4B . The original 9M8M ( SA - 4A ) was first introduced into service in 1965 and followed by the upgraded 9M8M1 ( 2K11A " Krug - A " ) in 1967 before the 9M8M1 in 1971 and the 9M8M2 in 1973 . The 9M8M2 actually has a lower maximum engagement altitude and shorter range in exchange for better performance in engaging aircraft close to the battery . Each battery typically consists of two 9M8M1 missiles and four 9M8M2 missiles as well as the following radars : Both " Long Track " and " Pat Hand " are mounted on a modified AT - T vehicle , similar to the 9M8 launch vehicles . " Thin Skin " is mounted on a truck . Batteries may also feature Ural trucks carrying spare missiles for reloading the launchers . Missile . The missile s are launched with the aid of four solid fuel rocket motor s inside boosters attached to the outside of the massive missile . Once they have burned and the missile is aloft , it fires a liquid - fuelled ramjet sustainer engine . It reaches speeds of up to Mach 4 and has an effective range of 50 – 55 km ( 31 – 34 miles ) depending upon the version . It carries a 135 kg ( 300 lb ) warhead . Possible engagement altitudes range from 100 m - 27 km ( 330 - 88 , 500 feet ) . 3M8 missile was designed and produced by NPO Novator . Missile guidance is via radio command with a terminal semi - active radar homing ( SARH ) phase . Optical tracking is possible for the initial command guidance stage in a heavy ECM environment .