naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German submarine U - 121 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 121 " was a long - lived Type IIB U - boat built during World War II for service in the " Kriegsmarine " . " U - 121 " spent the entire war as a training vessel and was scuttled at the end of the conflict . " U - 121 " was one of two Type II U - boats built at Flender Werke in Lübeck . Like her sister boat ( also built in Lübeck ) , she was originally constructed for export to China . The advent of World War II and the increased training needs of the " U - bootwaffe " led the German high command to assign " U - 120 " and " U - 121 " to the training command instead . Built for China . The Chinese Nationalist Government used 1 , 0000000 Marks to order two Type IIB U - boats in 1937 . They also dispatched 80 men to Germany for training in submarine operations . The Japanese Government complained over this transaction , so the Chinese took their money back and the pair of Type IIB submarines joined the Kriegsmarine after the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe . They were U - 120 and U - 121 .
USS Mahanna ( AG - 8 ) USS " Mahanna " ( AG - 8 ) was a " Mahanna " - class cargo ship acquired by the U . S . Navy for use as a miscellaneous auxiliary cargo ship to be used for transporting general stores to Navy units in the field . " Mahanna " , a wooden steam freighter , was built by McEachern & Co . , Astoria , Oregon , in 1919 ; operated by the U . S . Shipping Board ( USSB ) ; transferred to the Navy at Norfolk , Virginia , 20 September 1920 ; and commissioned at Norfolk 29 September 1920 , Lt . ( jg . ) Emory F . Hosmer in command . Service with the Atlantic Fleet . Assigned to the U . S . Atlantic Fleet , " Mahanna " sailed out of Norfolk for survey missions in the West Indies during the next year , cruising between the Caribbean and the U . S . East Coast ports with other survey ships . Decommissioning . She decommissioned at Portsmouth , New Hampshire , 15 September 1921 , returned to the United States Shipping Board ( USSB ) , 2 December 1921 , and was struck from the Navy list .
Ernest E . West Ernest Edison " Ernie " West ( born September 2 , 1931 ) is a former United States Army soldier and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in the Korean War . Biography . West was raised in an orphanage at the Methodist Children ' s Home in Versailles , Kentucky . He returned to visit the home a few years after receiving the Medal of Honor . Born on September 2 , 1931 , in Russell , Kentucky , West was drafted from Wurtland in 1950 . By October 12 , 1952 , he was serving in Korea as a private first class with Company L , 14th Infantry Regiment , 25th Infantry Division . After his unit was ambushed near Sataeri on that day , he ran through heavy fire to rescue his wounded commander . As he was pulling the man to safety , three hostile soldiers attacked . West shielded the commander with his body and killed the attackers with his rifle , suffering a wound which resulted in the loss of his eye in the process . Despite this injury , he remained on the field and assisted in the evacuation of other wounded men , at one point killing three more hostile soldiers . For these actions , he was awarded the Medal of Honor just over a year later , on January 29 , 1954 . West currently lives in Wurtland , Kentucky . Medal of Honor citation . West ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Pfc . West distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy . He voluntarily accompanied a contingent to locate and destroy a reported enemy outpost . Nearing the objective , the patrol was ambushed and suffered numerous casualties . Observing his wounded leader lying in an exposed position , Pfc . West ordered the troops to withdraw , then braved intense fire to reach and assist him . While attempting evacuation , he was attacked by 3 hostile soldiers employing grenade s and small - arms fire . Quickly shifting his body to shelter the officer , he killed the assailants with his rifle , then carried the helpless man to safety . He was critically wounded and lost an eye in this action . but courageously returned through withering fire and bursting shells to assist the wounded . While evacuating 2 comrades , he closed with and killed 3 more of the foe . Pfc . West ' s indomitable spirit , consummate valor , and intrepid actions inspired all who observed him , reflect the highest credit on himself , and uphold the honored traditions of the military service .
Woolwich Dockyard Woolwich Dockyard was an English naval dockyard founded by King Henry VIII in 1512 to build his flagship " Henri Grâce à Dieu " ( " Great Harry " ) , the largest ship of its day . Like its counterpart Deptford Dockyard , it was probably chosen for its position - on the south bank of the tidal River Thames conveniently close to Henry ' s palace at Greenwich . Its facilities ultimately included two large dry docks , a substantial basin ( now used by local anglers ) , masting sheer s , numerous storehouses , a gatehouse and clockhouse , gun bastions , and , in later years , a large metal - working factory used to produce anchors and other iron items used in shipbuilding . Engineer Samuel Bentham was an apprentice shipwright at the dockyard during the 1770s . As ships grew bigger and the Thames began to silt up , the dockyard eventually closed in 1869 . In 1926 the western part of the site was sold to the Royal Arsenal Co - operative Society ; the Co - Op still occupies a number of buildings on the site . Other surviving buildings on Woolwich Church Street include the old Steam Factory with its prominent chimney ( 1838 – 44 ) . Further to the east , the former office and house of the Dockyard Admiral - Superintendent now serves as the Clockhouse Community Centre ; it dates from 1778 - 1784 . Nearby , a late 18th - century police office stands alongside the former dockyard gates . Closer to the river , a couple of closed off docks have been preserved as a reminder of the area ' s historic significance . Less than half a mile to the south there is a railway station called Woolwich Dockyard .
Cachimbo Airport Cachimbo Airport is the military airport serving Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso , a large Testing and Training complex of the Brazilian Armed Forces located in Serra do Cachimbo ( ) , in the southern part of Pará province , Brazil . It is operated by the Brazilian Air Force . History and development . The Testing and Training Complex of Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso has an area of 21 , 588 km and a perimeter of 653 km . It is within the limits of four municipalities : Altamira , Itaituba , Jacareacanga and Novo Progresso , in an area comparable in size to the Brazilian state of Sergipe . The airport and the complex have their origins in an airfield opened on September 3 , 1950 . With the end of World War II , the Brazilian government saw the need for a strategic support facility to the operation of aircraft flying between the Northern Region ( location of the Amazon Rainforest ) and the Southeast Region of Brazil ( the locations of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo ) , flying on a straight route . Before the construction of the airfield , the link was only possible to be operated with safety following the longer coastline route . The airfield was officially commissioned on January 20 , 1954 . In the 1970s studies were made in order to upgrade the facility to a Center for Testing Weapons and Training of the Brazilian Armed Forces , with the purpose of weapons development , bomb tests , experiments , training and maneuvers of national interest . Indeed , on March 7 , 1983 , the " Campo de Testes do Cachimbo " ( ) , subordinated to the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology was created . On January 17 , 1995 , the name of the complex was changed to Campo de Provas Brigadeiro - do - Ar Haroldo Coimbra Velloso , it was named after the commander who set - up the whole infra - structure of the complex . The name was changed again on July 30 , 1997 to " Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso " . On August 18 , 1979 , its new renovated airfield was opened and given the name of Cachimbo Airport . The apron of the airport is large enough for up to 20 small aircraft with full support and maintenance facilities . One unit of the Amazon Surveillance System is also located at the airport . Units , airlines and destinations . Because no units are permanently based at this facility , Cachimbo is a military airport operated by the Brazilian Air Force , not an Air Force Base . It is for exclusive military use and therefore no scheduled flights operate at this airport . Accidents and incidents . On 29 September 2006 , a damaged executive Embraer Legacy 600 performed an emergency landing at Cachimbo Airport , after having damaged the wing of a Gol Transportes Aéreos Boeing 737 - 800 operating flight 1907 . The Boeing subsequently crashed in the jungle , killing all 155 people on board . Access . The airport is located approximately 15 km from highway BR - 163 .
USS ATA - 214 USS " ATA - 214 was the lead ship of the of tugs for the United States Navy and was built near the end of World War II . Originally laid down as Palo Blanco " ( YN - 85 ) , a net tender of the , she was redesignated as AN - 64 , a net layer , before launch . Before completion , the name " Palo Blanco " was cancelled and the ship was named " ATA - 214 " , an unnamed auxiliary ocean tug . " Palo Blanco " served in the Pacific Theatre during her brief career with the Navy . . Career . " Palo Blanco " ( ATA – 214 ) was laid down 22 May 1943 as " YN – 85 " at Canulette Shipbuilding Co . , Slidell , Louisiana ; re - designated " AN – 64 " , 20 January 1944 ; launched 17 June 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Isabella A . Gamage ; re - designated " ATA – 214 " , 12 August 1944 ; lost the name " Palo Blanco " ; and commissioned 25 September 1944 . During her brief war - time career , " ATA – 214 " served in the Pacific Ocean . In July 1945 , she provided auxiliary tug services in and around Leyte Gulf . On the 12th , she steamed to Buckner Bay , Okinawa , but returned to San Pedro Bay , Leyte the 25th . After the war , the ship decommissioned in September 1945 ; she was transferred to the U . S . Maritime Commission 30 April 1947 .
William R . Richardson General William Rowland Richardson ( born March 25 , 1929 ) was a U . S . Army four - star general and former Commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command He was born in Taichow , Kiangsu , China , on March 25 , 1929 to missionary parents . Richardson graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1951 and was commissioned in the Infantry . His initial assignment was with the 24th Infantry Division on occupation duty in Japan . He was deployed to Korea in 1953 with the 7th Infantry Division . After the end of the Korean War , he subsequently served in various staff positions before taking command of the 3rd Battalion , 39th Infantry Regiment , 9th Infantry Division in 1966 . He deployed with his battalion to Vietnam , and later was assigned as the Assistant Chief of Staff , G - 3 , of the 9th Infantry Division . He returned to Vietnam in June 1971 as the Commander of the 198th Infantry Brigade , Americal Division , and later became the Division Chief of Staff . In 1972 he became the Assistant Commandant of the Infantry School . In 1974 he served as Commander of the 193rd Infantry Brigade in the Panama Canal Zone from December 1974 to June 1977 . He followed his second brigade command as the Director of Requirements on the Army Staff from 1977 to 1979 . Richardson served as Commander of the Combined Arms Center and Commandant of the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth from 1979 to 1981 . He was the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans from 1981 to 1983 , and in 1983 , he became Commander of the U . S . Army Training and Doctrine Command , retiring from this position in 1986 . His education includes the Canadian Army Staff College , the Armed Forces Staff College , the Industrial College of the Armed Forces , and a masters degree from the George Washington University . His awards and decorations include the Army Distinguished Service Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster , the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal , the Silver Star with Oak Leaf Cluster , the Legion of Merit with two Oak Leaf Clusters , the Distinguished Flying Cross , the Bronze Star with " V " device and three Oak Leaf Clusters , the Purple Heart , the Combat Infantryman Badge , and the Republic of Korea Order of National Security Merit , Tong II Medal . After retirement , he became Executive Vice President , Army Programs at Burdeshaw Associates , Ltd . , a position he filled until 1995 , when he became a BAL Senior Associate . He serves on the Board of Advisors of the National Infantry Foundation . He is a Senior Associate and on the Board of Directors of O ' Connell and Associates , a defense consulting firm . In February 2007 he was named to the Board of Trustees of the Command and General Staff College Foundation . Richardson was awarded the Doughboy Award in 1999 by the Infantry Center and was inducted ino the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame in 2008 .
Arthur Rowledge Arthur John Rowledge MBE , FRS ( 1876 – 1957 ) was an English engineer who designed the Napier Lion aero engine and was a key figure in the development of the Rolls - Royce Merlin . Career . Rowledge was born in Peterborough , Northamptonshire in 1876 the son of John and Ann Rowledge , his father was described as a Bricklayer in 1881 . By the time of the 1891 Census Rowledge is described as an " Apprentice to Engineers Draughtsman " and by 1901 he is in Erith , Kent boarding at Rose Hill Villas , Bexley Road and described as a " Mechanical Draughtsman " . Arthur Rowledge joined Napier & Son in 1913 as Chief Designer . After designing car engines and , more notably , the Napier Lion aero engine , Rowledge took up a similar position at Rolls - Royce Limited in 1921 , where he became known as ' Rg ' in company shorthand . He is credited with designing the Condor III , Kestrel and the Rolls - Royce R racing engine , that was used with great success at the 1929 and 1931 Schneider Trophy races . Development work on the Merlin engine was one of his last contributions to aero engine design along with responsibility for the Exe and Pennine projects , before retiring from Rolls - Royce in 1945 at the age of 70 . Death . Rowledge died on 11 December 1957 , aged 81 .
Castell Arnallt The site of Castell Arnallt , sometimes known as Castle Arnold , is located near the village of Llanover in the Usk valley of Monmouthshire , Wales , some south east of Abergavenny . It was the fortified court house , or " llys " , of Seisyll ap Dyfnwal , lord of Over Gwent or " Gwent Uwchcoed " , before it was destroyed after Seisyll and some of his household were killed at Abergavenny Castle by William de Braose in 1175 . The land is now in agricultural use , with no remains visible . History . Origin . Castell Arnallt was a medieval fortification , believed to have been the fortified residence of the Welsh rulers of Over Gwent or " Gwent Uwch Coed " . Together with other manors in the area , it formed part of the estates of Dyfnwal ap Caradog , who may have been based at Penpergwm near Abergavenny . Use and destruction in the 12th century . King Henry II of England recognised Dyfnwal ' s son , Seisyll ap Dyfnwal , as lord of Over Gwent or " Gwent Uwchcoed " , with the honour of Abergavenny castle , in return for releasing a hostage , Hugh de Beauchamp . As part of the peace proceedings between The Lord Rhys and Henry II , Seisyll , the Lord Rhys ’ s brother in law , was persuaded to give the Honour of Abergavenny Castle to William de Braose . Abergavenny Castle was attacked in 1175 and Henry Fitzmiles was killed , reputedly by Seisyll . The Fitzmiles estate , including Abergavenny Castle , passed to William de Braose , the husband of Henry ' s sister Bertha . De Braose called Seisyll to his castle for Christmas in 1175 , telling him that his intention was reconciliation . Also invited were other leaders from Gwent and Seisyll ' s son Geoffrey . In retribution for FitzMiles ' death , De Braose had the men killed in the castle ' s great hall during a feast , an episode known as the Massacre of Abergavenny . His actions included seizing Seisyll ' s land . While Seisyll was at Abergavenny Castle , Castell Arnallt was attacked by retainers of William de Braose , who razed it in a surprise attack and killed Seisyll ' s other son Cadwaladr . Seisyll ' s wife was either kidnapped or killed during the raid . The final destruction of the castle is dated to 1177 . Subsequent use . In 1325 Castell Arnallt was part of the estates gifted to Sir William de Hastings , a relative of the lord of Abergavenny . The only known use of the site after the castle was destroyed is agriculture . The site has been surveyed , but has not been excavated . It has been scheduled as an Ancient Monument since 1947 . The current site . All that remains of the castle is a large , oblong mound . It sits in pasture land used for grazing , on the edge of the flood plain of the River Usk . There are two enclosures , one on top of the mound and one its western side . It appears , from examination of the mound , that there may be structures , a gate , and masonry walls below the surface , built over a period of time . It is believed to have been a " llys " , or royal court , used for administrative purposes and built prior to 1175 . It was considered likely to have been built without a motte , relying on natural formations .
Battle of Le Cateau The Battle of Le Cateau was fought on 26 August 1914 , after the British and French retreated from the Battle of Mons and had set up defensive positions in a fighting withdrawal against the German advance at Le Cateau - Cambrésis . On the morning of 26 August , the Germans arrived and heavily attacked the British forces commanded by General Sir Horace Smith - Dorrien . Unlike the Battle of Mons , where the majority of casualties inflicted by the British were from rifle fire , Le Cateau was an artilleryman ' s battle , demonstrating the devastating results which modern quick - firing artillery using airbursting shrapnel shells could have on infantry advancing in the open . The British deployed their artillery in the open , about 50 – 200 meters behind their infantry , while the German artillery used indirect fire from concealed positions . Holding their ground tenaciously against superior odds despite taking heavy casualties , by mid - afternoon , the right , then left flanks of the British , began to break under unrelenting pressure from the Germans . The arrival of Sordet ' s French cavalry acted as a shield for the British left flank , and supported a highly co - ordinated tactical withdrawal despite continued attempts by the Germans to infiltrate and outflank the retreating British forces . That night , the Allies withdrew to Saint - Quentin . Of the 40 , 000 Allied men fighting at Le Cateau , 7 , 812 were killed , wounded , or taken prisoner . Several British regiments had even disappeared from the rolls altogether . Thirty - eight artillery pieces ( guns ) were abandoned to the advancing Germans , the majority having their breech blocks removed and sights disabled by the gunners before retirement . For these losses , however , the engagement at Le Cateau had achieved its objective , and enabled the British Expeditionary Force to retreat unmolested by the Germans for a further five days . Despite being later criticised for his decision to " stand and fight " at Le Cateau by his superior Field Marshal Sir John French , Smith - Dorrien was lionised by both the army and the public at home for his actions . The consensus amongst military historians considers Le Cateau as amongst the most successful holding actions in British military history , ranking alongside the Battle of the Imjin River during the Korean War in terms of its strategic effect .
USS Selinur ( AKA - 41 ) USS " Selinur " ( AKA - 41 ) was an named after the minor planet " 500 Selinur , " which in turn was named for a character in Friedrich Theodor Vischer ' s 1879 novel " Auch Einer " . She served as a commissioned ship for 12 months . " Selinur " ( AKA - 41 ) was laid down on 18 January 1945 under Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 1902 ) by the Walsh - Kaiser Co . , Inc . , Providence , R . I . ; launched on 28 March 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . Wilton Carter ; and commissioned on 21 April 1945 , Lt . Comdr . W . F . Babcock in command . Service history . After shakedown , " Selinur " departed Norfolk , Va . , on 27 May 1945 with cargo and personnel for Hawaii , arriving at Honolulu on 18 June . After making cargo voyages to Midway , Hilo , Majuro , and Kwajalein , " Selinur " sailed from Pearl Harbor on 1 September with occupation troops for Japan and arrived at Sasebo on 22 September . She next sailed for Manila , whence she returned to Sasebo and reported for " Magic Carpet " duty on 20 October . The cargo vessel made two voyages bringing troops home , one from Sasebo and Okinawa and the other from Tacloban , P . I . , before being released from " Magic Carpet " duty at San Francisco on 24 January 1946 . She arrived at Philadelphia on 16 April for inactivation . Decommissioning . " Selinur " was decommissioned on 30 April , transferred to the Maritime Commission and simultaneously loaned to the Pennsylvania Maritime Academy as " Keystone State " . She was struck from the Navy list on 8 May 1946 . The ship was returned to the Maritime Commission in 1947 and laid up in the James River as a unit of the National Defense Reserve Fleet . She was sold by the Maritime Administration on 15 July 1968 to the Northern Metals Co . , Philadelphia , for scrapping . Officers . Lt . - Cmdr W . F . Babcock , USN - Commanding Officer Lt . J . F . Giblin , USNR - Executive Officer Lt . H . L . Lyon , USNR - Gunnery Officer Lt . ( jg ) R . A . Clark , USN - First Lieutenant Lt . ( jg ) E . A . Parish , USNR - Engineering Officer Lt . ( jg ) R . H . Sabin , USNR - Communications Officer Lt . ( jg ) R . W . Power , USNR - Navigation Officer Lt . - Cmdr S . A . Grantham , MC , USN - Medical Officer Lt . ( jg ) S . B . Gray , SC , USNR - Supply Officer
SM U - 80 SM U - 80 was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I . U - 80 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic . U - 80 is credited for sinking the Laurentic , the 24th largest ship sunk in World War I by uboats , at 14 , 892 tons . She struck two mines laid by U - 80 off Malin Head , and sank within one hour . She went down with 345 casualties , and 35 tons of gold ingots . She is also credited with damaging the 6th largest ship , the Celtic , at 30 , 904 tons , 15 Feb 1917 at 53 . 57N , 04 . 40W . Celtic would be torpedoed later in the war by SM UB - 77 , she was beached and later salvaged .
Dún Dúchathair Dún Dúchathair or simply Dúchathair ( anglicized Doocaher ) , meaning " black stone ringfort " , is a large stone fort on Inishmore ( one of the Aran Islands ) in County Galway , Ireland . Due to erosion , it now sits on a rocky promontory that stretches out into the sea . On its outer side there are large walls , reaching 6 metres high and 5 metres wide . On the inside are the ruins of various rooms , possibly " beehive " huts . There is also evidence of a cheval de frise protecting the entrance .