naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William Bromley - Davenport ( British Army officer ) Brigadier - General Sir William Bromley - Davenport KCB , CMG , CBE , DSO , TD , JP , DL ( 21 January 1862 – 6 February 1949 ) , was a British soldier , footballer and Conservative politician . He fought with distinction in both the Second Boer War and the First World War . An MP from 1886 to 1906 , he held political office under Arthur Balfour as Financial Secretary to the War Office from 1903 to 1905 . Background and education . Bromley - Davenport was the son of William Bromley Davenport and his wife Augusta Elizabeth Campbell , daughter of Walter Campbell , of Islay . He was educated at Eton and Balliol College , Oxford . Footballing career . Bromley - Davenport played football for Oxford University and Old Etonians . He represented England on two occasions in March 1884 , against Scotland and Wales respectively . A centre - forward , he scored two goals in the game against Wales . Political and military career . Bromley - Davenport was elected Member of Parliament for Macclesfield in the July 1886 general election . While an MP , he fought in the Second Boer War in the Imperial Yeomanry , where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) in November 1900 . At the end of 1901 , he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Cheshire . He served in the Conservative administration of Arthur Balfour as Financial Secretary to the War Office from 1903 to 1905 and was a Civil Member of the Army Council from 1904 to 1905 . However , he lost his seat in the House of Commons in the 1906 Liberal landslide . During the First World War Bromley - Davenport commanded the 22nd Mounted Brigade of the Egyptian Expedition Force with the rank of Brigadier - General from 1916 to 1917 . He was also Assistant Director of Labour from 1917 to 1918 . Between 1920 and 1949 he held the honorary post of Lord - Lieutenant of Cheshire . He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) in 1918 , a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in 1919 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) in 1924 . Personal life . Bromley - Davenport ' s seat was Capesthorne Hall , Cheshire . He died unmarried in February 1949 , aged 87 .
World War II evacuation and expulsion Forced deportation , mass evacuation and displacement of peoples took place in many of the countries involved in World War II . These were caused both by the direct hostilities between Axis and Allied powers , and the border changes enacted in the pre - war settlement . The crisis in former Axis - occupied territories after liberation provided the context for much of the new international refugee and human rights architecture that survives today . World War II related deportations , expulsions and similar displacements . Some of the belligerents expelled or ethnically cleansed people perceived as being associated with enemy belligerents . Eastern Europe was a major location of these displacements , although Japanese were expelled from some locations during and after the war by Allied countries . The Holocaust also involved deportations and expulsions . Establishment of refugee organisations . The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was set up in 1943 , to provide humanitarian relief to the huge numbers of potential and existing refugees in areas facing Allied liberation . UNRRA provided billions of US dollars of rehabilitation aid , and helped about 8 million refugees . It ceased operations in Europe in 1947 , and in Asia in 1949 , upon which it ceased to exist . It was replaced in 1947 by the International Refugee Organization ( IRO ) , which in turn evolved into United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) in 1950 .
Sydney Rogerson Staff Sergeant Sydney George Rogerson , was awarded the George Cross for the " most conspicuous gallantry " he showed on 2 January 1946 when a massive explosion wrecked 27 railway wagons and 2 lorries being loaded with munitions at Savernake Forest in Wiltshire . He showed " great courage and calmness " in taking control of the situation and rescued two severely injured men from beneath a burning lorry carrying a full load of shells . The Royal Army Ordnance Corps Museum at the Princess Royal Barracks in Deepcut purchased Rogerson ' s medal where it is now on display . It was the only such medal awarded to a non - commissioned officer in the Corps .
Kornasoren Airport Kornasoren ( Noemfoor ) Airport is a civil airport in Noemfoor , Schouten Islands , Indonesia . . Commercial service is provided by Merpati Nusantara Airlines and Susi Air between Manokwari and Biak . History . The airfield was one of three constructed by the Japanese during their occupation of the island in 1943 / 1944 . The US Army 158th Regimental Combat Team ( RCT ) ( Arizona National Guard ) landed on the beach and encountered stiff resistance . The 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment parachuted on Kamiri Airifled on 3 July 1944 . The Japanese garrison was largely defeated after a suicidal counter - attack by the Japanese on 5 July . The island was finally secured after a month of hard fighting on 31 August 1944 . The three airfields on Nomefoor ( Yebrurro , Kamiri and Namber ) were used by the American forces after liberating the island . Kamari ( ) is located along the northwest shoreline of the island and was used by the RAAF until July 1945 when it was abandoned . It has been disused since the end of the war . Namber ( ) is located along the southwest shoreline and was improved and used by American forces , then also abandoned after the end of the war . Yebrurro Airfield , also used by the Americans , remained in service until the end of the war . It is still in use today as Kornasoren Airport .
105th Armored Division ( North Korea ) The 105th Armored Division is a military formation of the Korean People ' s Army . It was North Korea ' s first armored unit and took part in the Korean War . Formation and structure . The division was established in October 1948 as the " 105th Armored Battalion " and increased to regimental strength in May 1949 . By June 1950 , the " 105th Armored Regiment " had become the " 105th Armored Brigade " with a strength of 6 , 000 men and 120 T - 34 tanks . Its equipment – tanks , weapons and vehicles – were Russian - made . The brigade had three tank regiments – the 107th , 109th , and 203rd – and a mechanized infantry regiment , the 206th . The " 83d Motorized Regiment " was also part of the division during the Korean War . Each tank regiment had three medium tank battalions , each having 13 tanks . Each tank battalion had three tank companies with four tanks to a company . Tank crews consisted of five men . Battalion , regimental , and divisional commanders each had a personal tank . The mechanized infantry regiment had a strength of about 2 , 500 men . The 105th Armored Brigade was raised to division status in Seoul at the end of June 1950 before it crossed the Han River to continue the attack southward . The 105th Armored Division is at present equipped with Chonma - ho and Pokpung - ho tanks . Korean War . During the Korean War , it was part of the North Korean advance from Seoul to Taejon and subsequent Battle of Pusan Perimeter between August and September 1950 . The 107th Tank Regiment , equipped with T - 34 tanks , defeated Task Force Smith during the initial advances of the Korean People ' s Army . The regiment then fought with the rest of the division in the Battle of Pusan Perimeter . After taking part in the Great Naktong Offensive , the 105th Armored Division was partly reconstituted and at the end of October and the first week of November 1950 , it was committed to help the Chinese . The division used its tanks to provide fire support on a few occasions , but it played a negligible role in the fighting that followed and the U . S . Fifth Air Force destroyed most of its tanks behind the battle front . On November 7 , U . N . aircraft reportedly destroyed six tanks , three armored cars , and 45 vehicles in Pakchon and the area eastward .
Vickers S The Vickers Class " S " was a 40 mm ( 1 . 57 in ) cannon used to arm British aircraft for attacking ground targets in the Second World War . History . The Vickers Class " S " 40 mm ( 1 . 57 in ) gun was developed in the late 1930s as an aircraft weapon . The ammunition was based on the 40x158R cartridge case of the naval 2 pdr Anti - aircraft gun ( the " Pom - pom " ) . The weapon was a long - recoil design derived from the 37 mm 1½pdr " COW gun " from Coventry Ordnance Works . The gun was originally intended as a bomber defensive weapon and was tested as such in a turret fitted to a modified Vickers Wellington II . This was not adopted for service , but when the need to attack tanks from the air was identified , the " S " gun was chosen and special armour - piercing ammunition developed . Combat history . Two underwing guns , mounted one beneath each wing panel each in conformal underwing gun pod s , were fitted to Hawker Hurricane IID fighter s which were issued to No . 6 Squadron RAF . They served in North Africa from mid - 1942 where they achieved considerable success ; claims included 148 tanks hit , of which 47 were destroyed , plus nearly 200 other vehicles . However , they suffered heavy losses , mainly to ground fire ( the Hurricanes were poorly protected ) and also lacked effectiveness against the Tiger tank . In 1944 , the aircraft served in the Far East , mainly firing HE ammunition against road and river transports . Tests in the Far East showed a high level of accuracy , with an average of 25 % of shots fired at tanks striking the target . Attacks with HE were twice as accurate as with AP , possibly because the ballistics were a closer match to the . 303 in ( 7 . 7 mm ) Browning machine gun s used for sighting ( the HE shell was lighter and was fired at a higher velocity ) . By comparison , the practice strike rate of the 60 pdr RPs ( rocket projectiles ) fired by fighter - bomber s was only 5 % against tank - sized targets .
SS Mareeba The SS " Mareeba " was an Australian Freighter built in 1921 and named after the town of Mareeba in Far North Queensland , Australia . She was a 3 , 472 - ton Australasian United Steam Navigation Company vessel . The " Mareeba " was attacked and sunk in the Bay of Bengal on the 1941 - 06 - 16 by the German auxiliary cruiser " Kormoran " . She was carrying 5000 tons of sugar from Batavia to Colombo when she picked up the Yugoslav freighter " Velebit ' s " distress signal . Instead of immediately stopping the " Mareeba " radioed her position and ran for it , presumably because at 8 o ’ clock that morning she had spotted the British light cruiser HMS " Durban " , in the Ten Degree Channel . She received 9 shots to her hull , several of which hit her engine - room , and , although she was slowing sinking , it took a team of German boarding party placing demolitions to sink her quickly . It would later be said that the " Mareeba " would have made a fine auxiliary minelayer because of her durability . All 48 of the crew of the " Mareeba " were captured and spirited away on the " Komoran " which traveled at top speed through the night and most of the following day to avoid retaliation for the sinkings . Crew . The captured crew stayed on the " Komoran " for a total of 103 days where they were housed in the fore part of the ship below the waterline . They slept in hammocks and were allowed on deck daily . After the 103 days , they were transferred to a German supply ship " Kulmerland " , where , after 15 days , the prisoners were transferred to a German prison ship " Spreewald " . Below is an incomplete list of crew that were captured from the " Mareeba " . Addition to crew captured by Kormoran . Gordon J - Second Engineer MacKay , Mr Alexander J . ( " Greaser " ) ( aka Donohue , JP )
HMS Seahorse ( 98S ) HMS " Seahorse " was a group one British S - class submarine that was lost at sea with all hands in Heligoland Bight , North Sea , probably on the 7 January 1940 , during the Second World War . On 26 December 1939 she sailed from Blyth for patrol off the east coast of Denmark . Four days later she shifted position to the entrance of the Elbe . She did not return on her due date of 9 January 1940 . It was first thought that she had been mined but German records , examined after the war , suggest she was the victim of the German First Minesweeper Flotilla which reported a sustained depth charge attack on an unidentified submarine on 7 January 1940 . It is however also possible that she was rammed and sunk by the German Sperrbrecher IV / Oakland south east of Helgoland on 29 December 1939 .
4th Canadian Armoured Brigade As of 1942 the 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade comprised : And their supporting units , including : Arriving in Normandy in July 1944 , the brigade saw service in the battles that took the Canadians from Caen to Falaise . Unlike their peers in the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade , the 4th almost always fought in support of its affiliated 10th Canadian Infantry Brigade . Following the Normandy campaign the brigade saw service in Belgium , the Netherlands , and Germany before being disbanded in the Netherlands in 1946 . Commanding officers :
Independent Company An Independent Company was a formation of the British Army during the Second World War . Initially there were 10 independent companies , who were raised from volunteers in second line Territorial Army divisions in April 1940 . They were intended for guerrilla - style operations in Norway following Operation Weserübung . Each of the 10 companies initially consisted of 21 officers and 268 other ranks . Another company was formed , No . 11 Company which was raised after the other Independent Companies on 14 June 1940 . It was formed by asking for volunteers from the men already serving in the other companies and had an establishment of 25 officers and 350 other ranks . No . 11 Company took part in the first British commando raid , Operation Collar Companies . The 10 initial companies were formed from volunteers from Territorial Army divisions :
USS Kingfisher ( 1861 ) The first USS " Kingfisher " was purchased by the Navy at Boston , Massachusetts , 2 August 1861 ; and commissioned at Boston Navy Yard 3 October , Acting Lt . Joseph P . Couthouy in command . That day she was ordered to Key West , Florida , for duty in the Gulf Blockading Squadron . On 21 January she joined in capturing the " Olive Branch " bound from Cedar Keys to Nassau , Bahamas , with a cargo of turpentine . She again cooperated with " Ethan Allen " 26 January in manning and equipping a boat expedition to the mouth of the Manatee River which captured the sloop " Mary Nevis " and burned Confederate cavalry barracks . Three days later she took Spanish brig " Terisita " of Havana bound for Matamoros , Tamaulipas with a contraband cargo . On 25 February " Kingfisher " overtook blockade runner " Lion " in the Gulf of Mexico after a three - day chase . The great risks involved in blockade duty during the Civil War have not been generally recognized . The need for water , food , or timber often forced parties from the Union Navy ships to venture ashore in hostile territory . On 2 June two boats from " Kingfisher " rowed up Aucilla River , Florida , to obtain fresh water . A Southern raiding party surprised the expedition killing two men and capturing the remaining nine . Other landing parties from the bark fared better . An expedition destroyed salt works at St . Joseph Bay , Florida , which had produced some 200 bushel s a day . But the hardships of blockade duty in the Gulf were unabated . Early scurvy became a serious problem for the crew prompting Rear Admiral Lardner to order " Kingfisher " to Boston , Massachusetts . When the ship had been repaired and her crew reinvigorated , " Kingfisher " was assigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron and ordered to Port Royal , South Carolina , where she arrived on 21 December . The bark was stationed in St . Helena Sound , South Carolina , where she distinguished herself for efficiency in reconnaissance work and operations against small parties of Confederates ashore . On 9 April 1863 a party from " Kingfisher " landed at Middleton ' s estate , Edisto Island , South Carolina , and captured a group of Southern cavalry men stationed there to observe and report activity of Union ships in the area . From time to time during the ensuing year , she shelled Confederate troops ashore and sent small landing parties inland to gather information and capture food for her crew and for refugees who had flocked to her for protection . " Kingfisher " grounded on Combahee Bank in St . Helena Sound on 28 March 1864 and filled with water . After efforts to save the stranded ship proved fruitless she was abandoned on 5 April .
130 53 TK 130 53 TK or 130 TK ( " 130 mm rifled , 53 length caliber , turret gun " ) is a Finnish fixed , heavy artillery piece , manufactured by Tampella . The caliber is 130 mm . 130 53 TK is the main weapon of the Finnish coastal artillery . The maximum range with high - explosive fragmentation shells is 25 kilometers and with special sea target shells it is over 30 km . The initial velocity of the shot is around 860 m / s depending on the shell and amount of propellant used . When firing temporary bursts with auto - loader the gun can fire 3 shots in 20 seconds and up to 6 shots per minute during sustained firing . The gun weighs 16 tons ( including shield ) and the length of the barrel is 6 818 mm . The gun is manned by 3 NCOs and 7 servicemen . The development of the 130 TK started in the 1970s and lasted for 10 years . In 1971 , the Finnish national defence committee suggested that the then main current coastal artillery gun ( 152 / 50 T ) would be replaced by the end of the 1970s . A development contract was signed with Tampella in 1975 . It was decided that the calibre would be 130 mm , since the mobile coastal artillery used towed guns of same calibre ( 130 K 54 ) . A prototype was constructed on the island of Isosaari in 1980 , where test firing was conducted until 1983 . The Finnish Defence Forces signed a series production contract with Tampella in 1982 . The first battery was installed in 1984 and the final in 1990 . The spaces required for the gun , such as room for the gun crew and ammunition storage was built inside the base rock with concrete casemates for shaping . The 130 53 TK will probably be the last fixed coastal defence gun in the Finnish inventory . Initially , there were no special sea target shells , instead , regular fragmentation shells were used with timed , immediate and delayed fuses for differences in desired effect . A first attempt to develop sea target shells failed in the 1980s , with the company going bankrupt . A fresh start was done in the beginning of the 1990s for payload shells similar to some anti - tank shells . Targeting for these guns is done by a targeting team either using a laser range and direction finder or optically with triangulation ( requiring two teams ) . The triangulation method is safer as there is nothing transmitted towards the target as in the laser rangefinder case . The coordinates ( if laser acquired ) or directional information in the case of triangulation are sent to a calculation unit which then calculates the targeting solution for the guns . This is a continuous ( tracking ) operation since the targets are moving . The gun itself can be directed manually with the data coming from the central calculation unit or fully automatically based on the data received via a data bus from the central calculator . The gun is also fully capable of autonomous operation with its own laser rangefinder and firing solution computer .
Alexandre Chkheidze Alexandre Chkheidze , also known under his Polish name of Aleksander Czcheidze ( 1878 – 1940 ) , was a Polish - Georgian military officer . He served with the rank of Colonel in the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of Georgia during the short period of its independence following World War I . Following the Bolshevik occupation of his country , Chkheidze ( along with thousands of other Georgian officers ) migrated to Poland , where he received further training in the Higher War School . He was then admitted to the Polish Army as a " contract officer " and served as the Commander of Infantry ( de facto deputy commander ) of the Polish 16th Infantry Division . He took part in the Polish Defensive War of 1939 and fought with distinction in a number of battles . Taken prisoner by the Germans , he was handed over to the USSR in accordance with the Ribbentrop - Molotov Pact and then executed by the NKVD some time in 1940 during the infamous Katyn massacre .
Fred Zinn Friedrich Wilhelm " Fred " Zinn was a volunteer American aviator who flew with French Armée de l ' Air forces in World War I and an early pioneer of aerial photography for wartime reconnaissance and Military intelligence . Fred Zinn lived in Battle Creek , Michigan . While visiting France in August 1914 , he joined the French Foreign Legion shortly after the outbreak of World War I . He was one of the group who signed the American Volunteer Corps flag in Paris on October 17 , 1914 , before departing for Rouen . He served on the Western Front until February 1 , 1916 , when he was wounded for the second time during a German artillery attack . Zinn transferred to the French Aéronautique Militaire on February 14 , 1916 . He served as gunner and bombardier with Escadrille F - 14 from December 12 , 1916 , until October 21 , 1917 , often augmenting his bombing duties by taking reconnaissance photographs of enemy lines before returning to base . Zinn was one of the first aviators to attempt to photograph enemy troop positions from the air to assist commanders on the ground . This had previously been done from manned balloons , but they were vulnerable to enemy fire and had to be kept behind the lines . By flying directly over enemy positions and taking photographs , Zinn provided French commanders with a far better view of the battlefield , and the techniques he and others developed soon became standard practice for both sides in the trench warfare style conflict . He was decorated twice by the French government for bravery for flying low over enemy lines on these reconnaissance missions . Although not formally assigned to the American Lafayette Escadrille , Zinn was recorded as an observer for the Escadrille , presumably while taking aerial photographs . After the United States entered the war in 1917 , Zinn entered the U . S . Army Air Service as a captain and was attached to American GHQ at Chaumont until the Armistice on November 11 , 1918 . He was one of a small number of Legionnaires who entered the war in August 1914 to survive over four years of active service and over three full years in combat units . Some French Foreign Legion units had close to 100 % casualties in the intense trench warfare . Zinn returned to the United States after the war and continued flying , including a trip to San Francisco where his biplane was required to fly only over the waters of San Francisco Bay due to a perceived danger to citizens if it traveled over land .