naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Nibley Green The Battle of Nibley Green was fought on 20 March 1469 ( modern historians would date the battle in 1470 - prior to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in England the start of the new year was 25 March ; the battle being fought on 20 March meant it fell into the previous year ) , between the troops of Thomas Talbot , 2nd Viscount Lisle and William Berkeley , 2nd Baron Berkeley . It is notable for being the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates . Prelude . Lisle and Berkeley had long been engaged in a dispute over the inheritance of Berkeley Castle and the other Berkeley lands , Lisle being heir - general to Thomas de Berkeley , 5th Baron Berkeley and Berkeley heir - male . Lisle impetuously challenged Berkeley to a battle , and the latter agreed , the battle to be fought the next day at Nibley Green . In the little time available , Lisle could only raise a force among his ill - equipped local tenants . Berkeley , however , could draw upon a garrison from Berkeley Castle as well as his local levies , and he was reinforced by men led by his brother Maurice and miners from the Forest of Dean . This gave him a considerable advantage in numbers , about 1 , 000 to 300 . Philip Mead ( or Mede ) of Wraxall an Alderman and Mayor of Bristol in 1459 , 1462 & 1469 sent some men on the Berkeley side . Maurice Berkeley had married Isabel Mead , Philip ' s daughter , for which act of marrying beneath his social status he had been disinherited of the Berkeley lands by his elder brother , William . This was hardly a mark of gratitude for Mead ' s assistance . Battle . Lisle led his men in a charge against Berkeley ' s troops as they emerged from a stand of woods . Berkeley ' s archers opened fire and broke up the charge . One of the Dean Foresters , an archer named " Black Will " , shot Lisle in the left temple through his open visor and unhorsed him . A few dagger - strokes from the archers ensured Lisle ' s death , and his leaderless army broke and fled . Aftermath . As Lisle ' s army dispersed , Berkeley advanced to Lisle ' s manor of Wotton - under - Edge and sacked it .
Ralph H . Spanjer Ralph H . Spanjer ( September 20 , 1920 – February 8 , 1999 ) was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps . He went on to serve as Superintendent of the Marine Military Academy in Harlingen , Texas and President of St . John ' s Northwestern Military Academy in Delafield , Wisconsin . Biography . Spanjer was born on September 20 , 1920 in Hillside , New Jersey . He would attend New York University . Spanjer would also marry and have two children , as well as a stepson . He died of cancer at his home in Delafield on February 8 , 1999 . Career . After originally joining the United States Navy in 1941 , Spanjer joined the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1942 . He went on to serve as a fighter pilot in World War II . During that time , he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions in the Pacific Theater of Operations . During the Korean War , he flew missions with pilots that included John Glenn , who later became the first American to orbit Earth in space and a U . S . Senator . Spanjer was awarded a second Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions during the war . Spanjer flew helicopters during the Vietnam War , serving in assault landings and medical evacuations . During the final years of the war , he served in other high - ranking positions . He was twice awarded the Legion of Merit , including one with a Combat Valor device , during his service in the Vietnam War . He was awarded a third Legion of Merit before retiring from the Marine Corps . Spanjer served as Superintendent of the Marine Military Academy for six years . After stops in North Carolina and Alaska , he accepted the position of President of St . John ' s Northwestern Military Academy in 1994 . During his tenure , he oversaw a $ 5 million renovation , the merger of the Academy with Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Lake Geneva , Wisconsin and organized a visit by former U . S . President George H . W . Bush . Awards and decorations . During his military career he was awarded :
Ian Horrocks ( RAF officer ) Air Commodore Ian Horrocks was a British Royal Air Force helicopter pilot , a senior Royal Air Force officer in the 1970s and 1980s and a Commandant Royal Observer Corps . Horrocks was the Station Commander of RAF Shawbury from 1978 to 1980 . Horrocks retired as Air Commadore and was on the Air Marshal ' s list .
86th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 86th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment in the United States Army . History . The 86th Infantry was briefly activated during WWI but never sent overseas , then reactivated during WWII at Camp Hale in 1942 , with 3 Battalions , and attached to the 10th Mountain Division . Lineage . Constituted 31 July 1918 in the Regular Army as the 86th Infantry and assigned to the 18th Infantry Division . Organized September 1918 at Camp Travis , Texas from personnel of the 35th Infantry . Relieved from the 18th Division and demoblized 13 February 1919 at Camp Travis . Redesignated 86th Infantry and assigned to 10th Infantry Division 18 June 1948 , allotted to the regular Army 25 June 1948 . Activated 1 July 1948 at Fort Riley , Kansas . Inactivated 1 July 1957 in Germany . Campaign Streamers . World War II Decorations . None Current units . not active A Silver color metal and enamel device in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned : Argent , a fess dancetté the points to chief fleury Azure . Attached below and to the sides of the shield is a Blue scroll inscribed “ COURAGE AND DEPENDABILITY ” in Silver letters . The shield is in the colors of the Infantry . The ordinary , dancetté partition lines , and the fleury peaks are symbolic of the mountains in which the organization fought in Italy in World War II . The two campaigns in which the Regiment participated are North Apennines and Po Valley . The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 6 September 1951 . It was amended to correct the symbolism on 4 March 1955 . Argent , a fess dancetté the points to chief fleury Azure . The shield is in the colors of the Infantry . The ordinary , dancetté partition lines , and the fleury peaks are symbolic of the mountains in which the organization fought in Italy in World War II . The two campaigns in which the Regiment participated are North Apennines and Po Valley . The coat of arms was approved on 6 September 1951 . It was amended to correct the symbolism on 4 March 1955 .
Washington Confederate Cemetery The Washington Confederate Cemetery is a Confederate Cemetery in Hagerstown , Maryland . Its burials include Confederate dead from such nearby battles as Antietam , Gettysburg , Monocacy and South Mountain . Less than 20 percent of its burials are identified . It was established in 1871 as a section of the Rose Hill Cemetery . History . In 1869 , Governor Oden Bowie , of Maryland , requested that the state should take care of the Confederate dead from the battlefields of western Maryland . Wind , water , and animals had exposed the dead , hurriedly buried in shallow graves . Governor Bowie had hired Thomas Boullt to find and identify the Confederate dead buried in Washington and Frederick counties . Boullt and his team identified " ad hoc " burial sites from throughout the western part of the state , primarily from the battlefields at Antietam , Monocacy and South Mountain , but also from skirmishes and from Robert E . Lee ' s retreat from Gettysburg . In 1871 the Maryland General Assembly bought land in Hagerstown , Maryland , from the newly established ( 1865 ) Rose Hill Cemetery . With this land , the Assembly created the Washington Confederate Cemetery as part of the larger public cemetery . The States of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia removed more than 2 , 000 dead from battlefield and skirmish sites and reburied then in the cemetery . In the course of removal and reburial , only 346 soldiers were identified . One of the identified dead , Isaac E . Avery , died in action on July 2 , 1863 , at the Battle of Gettysburg . On that evening , his brigade stormed Cemetery Hill , trying to dislodge the Union forces . Halfway up the hill , he was hit in the throat by a musket ball . Mortally wounded , he fell from his horse . He scrawled his final words on a piece of paper : " Tell my father I died with my face to the enemy . " Monument . The Statue of Hope Monument was placed on February 28 , 1877 and dedicated on June 15 , 1877 . The dedication speaker was General Fitzhugh Lee , nephew of Robert E . Lee , and himself a cavalry general officer in the American Civil War . The monument inscription reads : " The State of Maryland has provided this cemetery and erected this monument to perpetuate the memory of the Confederate dead who fell in the Battles of Antietam and South Mountain . " Standing high , overlooks the section of the Rose Hill Cemetery where the Confederate dead are buried . On September 3 , 1961 the monument was rededicated with former President Dwight D . Eisenhower as the guest speaker . Rose Hill Cemetery . Washington Confederate Cemetery is a cemetery within a cemetery : a subsection of the Rose Hill Cemetery , established in 1865 , located at 600 South Potomac Street Hagerstown , MD . The Rose Hill site was originally part of a tract of land granted to the Wroe family by the King of England ; the Wroe home was located on a hill , subsequently becoming known as " Wroe ' s Hill " . In 1865 , the state legislature chartered the property as a cemetery for the citizens of Washington County , Maryland , and changed the name to Rose Hill .
Auguste Chaillou Auguste Chaillou ( August 21 , 1866 – April 23 , 1915 ) was a French biologist and physician born in Parennes in the department of Sarthe . He worked at the " Hôpital des Enfants - Malades " , and for most of his career was associated with the Pasteur Institute in Paris . Chaillou is best known for his development of the anti - diphtheria serum with Émile Roux and Louis Martin ( 1864 - 1946 ) at the Pasteur Institute . The three men presented their findings at the Tenth International Congress of Hygiene in Budapest ( 1894 ) . From 1895 until 1914 he was chief of anti - rabies services at the Pasteur Institute . As a medical officer during World War I he was killed on the battlefield of Vauquois .
Roberto Eduardo Viola Roberto Eduardo Viola Redondo ( October 13 , 1924 – September 30 , 1994 ) was an Argentine military officer who briefly served as president of Argentina from March 29 to December 11 , 1981 during a period of military rule . President of Argentina . Viola appointed Lorenzo Sigaut as finance minister , and it became clear that Sigaut ( and his protégé Domingo Cavallo ) were looking for ways to reverse some of the economic policies of Videla ' s minister José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz . Notably , Sigaut abandoned the sliding exchange rate mechanism and devalued the peso , after boasting that " they who gamble on the dollar , will lose " . Argentines braced for a recession after the excesses of the " plata dulce " ( " sweet money " ) years , which destabilized Viola ' s position . Viola was also the victim of infighting within the armed forces . After being replaced as Navy chief , Eduardo Massera started looking for a political space to call his own , even enlisting the enforced and unpaid services of political prisoners held in concentration camps by the regime . The mainstream of the Junta ' s support was strongly opposed to Massera ' s designs and to any attempt to bring about more " populist " economic policies . Ousted in a coup . Viola found his maneuvering space greatly reduced , and was ousted by a military coup in December 1981 , led by the Commander - in - Chief of the Army , Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri , who soon became President . The official explanation given for the ousting was Viola ' s alleged health problems . Galtieri swiftly appointed Roberto Alemann as finance minister and presided over the build - up and pursuit of the Falklands War . Later years . After the collapse of the military regime and the election of Raúl Alfonsín in 1983 , Viola was arrested , judged for human rights violations committed by the military junta during the Dirty War , and sentenced to 17 years in prison . His health deteriorated in prison ; Viola was pardoned by Carlos Menem in 1990 together with all junta members . He died in 1994 .
HMS Preventer ( Z265 ) HMS " Preventer " ( Z265 ) was a net laying ship for the Royal Navy during the Second World War acquired from the United States Navy in September 1944 via Lend - Lease . The ship was laid down as " Seagrape " ( YN - 90 ) , a net tender of the , on 20 May 1943 at the American Car and Foundry Co . in Wilmington , Delaware . On 17 January 1944 , while still under construction , the ship was reclassified as a net laying ship and redesignated AN - 77 . " Seagrape " was launched on 9 August and completed on 30 September . After delivery to the U . S . Navy on 30 September , she was transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend - Lease the same day and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS " Preventer " ( Z265 ) . Upon completion of wartime duty with the United Kingdom , she was returned to the U . S . Navy on 10 January 1946 . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register in March 1946 , she was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission on 1 April 1947 .
Roland Elcock Major Roland Edward Elcock VC MM ( 5 June 1899 – 6 October 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Elcock was born on 5 June 1899 . He initially enlisted in the British Army in October 1914 when he was 15 . Being underage for army service , he was discharged when his real age was discovered . He worked as a clerk in Wolverhampton before re - enlisting at the age of 18 . He was 19 years old , and an acting corporal in the 11th Battalion , The Royal Scots ( The Lothian Regiment ) , British Army during the First World War , and was awarded the VC for his actions on 15 October 1918 south - east of Capelle St . Catherine , France . Corporal Elcock was in charge of a Lewis gun team , and entirely on his own initiative he rushed his gun up to within 10 yards of enemy guns which were causing heavy casualties and holding up the advance . He put both guns out of action , capturing five prisoners and undoubtedly saved the whole attack from being held up . Later , near the River Lys , this NCO again attacked an enemy machine - gun and captured the crew . He later achieved the rank of major after enlisting in the British Indian Army during World War II . He died in October 1944 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Scots Museum , Edinburgh Castle , Scotland .
German submarine U - 1060 German submarine " U - 1060 " was a Type VIIF submarine of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Commissioned on 15 May 1943 , " U - 1060 " was one of four Type VIIF torpedo transport submarines , which could carry 39 torpedoes , and were used to re - supply other U - boats at sea . " U - 1060 " served from 15 May 1943 to 27 October 1944 with 55th U - boat Flotilla , a training unit . " U - 1060 " did not conduct any operational patrols , but completed six torpedo transport patrols operating between Kiel and Norway , before she ran aground and was wrecked on 27 October 1944 south of Brønnøysund , after being attacked and damaged by rockets and depth charge s from Fireflies and Barracudas from the carrier , and depth charges dropped by RAF Halifax bombers of 502 Squadron , and Liberators of 311 Squadron . 12 of " U - 1060 " s crew were killed and 43 survived the attack .
Peter G . Tsouras Peter G . Tsouras is a military historian and author . Peter Tsouras , a Greek - American , served in the United States Army and retired with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . He served in armor , military intelligence , and civil affairs assignments . He currently works as a senior analyst with the Battelle Corporation and resides in Alexandria , Virginia .
82d Reconnaissance Squadron The 82d Reconnaissance Squadron ( 82 RS ) is part of the 55th Wing at Offutt Air Force Base , Nebraska . It is geographically separated from the 55th , operating out of Kadena Air Base , Japan . The squadron operates RC - 135 aircraft flying reconnaissance missions . History . The 82d flew antisubmarine patrols off the California coast from , 8 December 1941 – 16 August 1942 . It then went on to fly combat sorties in the Southwest and Western Pacific from , 27 November 1943 – 15 August 1945 . It flew strategic reconnaissance over Southeast Asia from , August 1967 - March 1973 .
Generalkommandoen Generalkommandoen ( 1922 - 1950 ) ( ) is the first combined command of the armed forces of Denmark , though neither with unified administration and operational control of all forces . Generalstaben was incorporated into Generalkommandoen in 1932 . Generalkommandoen was erected in Army law of 1922 , adopted by Rigsdag en on August 7 , 1922 . It was terminated in 1950 , following the Danish defense reform of 1950 , which split it into Forsvarschefen , Forsvarsstaben , Hærkommandoen , Søværnskommandoen and Flyverkommandoen . In 1970 the commands were combined again to form a unified command structure under the name of Defence Command
Robert H . Dunlap Robert Henry Dunlap ( December 22 , 1879 – May 19 , 1931 ) was a general in the United States Marine Corps . Born in Washington , D . C . , Dunlap was appointed a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps August 8 , 1898 . He served with distinction in the Spanish - American War ; in the Philippine - American War and China during 1900 , including the Battle of Tientsin of the Boxer Rebellion ; and in the U . S . occupation of Veracruz , Mexico , in 1914 . For his distinguished service as regimental commander during the Meuse - Argonne campaign in World War I , he was awarded a Citation Certificate by Commander - in - Chief , A . E . F . ; the French Fourragère ; and the Navy Cross . In 1917 - 18 he analyzed a proposed Allied landing in the Adriatic for Admiral William Sims and concluded that amphibious operations could be successful and there was no absolute advantage for the defender . In 1928 he served in Nicaragua and was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and the Medal of Merit of Nicaragua . Brigadier General Dunlap sacrificed his life attempting to rescue a woman imprisoned in a landslide in France on May 19 , 1931 . Namesake . USS " Dunlap " ( DD - 384 ) was named for him . His widow , Katherine Wood Dunlap ( 1884 – 1970 ) , christened the ship . Camp Dunlap in Southern California was named after him .
Rudolf von Bünau ( father ) Rudolf von Bünau ( 19 August 1890 – 14 January 1962 ) was a German general who commanded several Corps during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade , with Oak Leaves , were awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership ) . At the Enns River , in Austria , von Bünau surrendered to Major General Stanley Eric Reinhart ' s 261st Infantry Regiment . He was released in April 1947 . His son , also named Rudolf von Bünau , was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 August 1943 as " Hauptmann " and commander of " Panzer - Aufklärungs - Abteilung " 9 ( 9th Panzer Reconnaissance Battalion ) . He was killed in action just one week later on 15 August 1943 south of Roslavl and posthumously promoted to " Major " . His other son , " Oberleutnant " Günther von Bünau , a recipient of the German Cross in Gold , was also killed in action in 1943 .
Battle of Rocky Face Ridge The Battle of Rocky Face Ridge was fought May 7 – 13 , 1864 , in Whitfield County , Georgia , during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War . The Union army was led by Maj . Gen . William Tecumseh Sherman and the Confederate army by Gen . Joseph E . Johnston . Confederates were forced to evacuate their strong position due to a Union flanking movement . General Johnston had entrenched his army on the long , steep Rocky Face Ridge and eastward across Crow Valley . When Sherman approached , he demonstrated against this position with two columns while he sent a third one through Snake Creek Gap , to the south , to hit the Western & Atlantic Railroad at Resaca . The first two columns engaged the enemy at Buzzard Roost ( Mill Creek Gap ) and at Dug Gap while the third column , under Maj . Gen . James B . McPherson , passed through Snake Creek Gap and on the May 9 advanced to the outskirts of Resaca , where it found Confederates entrenched . Fearing the strength of the enemy , McPherson pulled his column back to Snake Creek Gap . On May 10 , Sherman decided to join McPherson in an effort to take Resaca . The next morning , Sherman ' s army withdrew from in front of Rocky Face Ridge . Discovering Sherman ' s movement , Johnston retired south towards Resaca on May 12 .
HMS Forward ( shore establishment 1939 ) HMS " Forward " was a shore establishment of the British Royal Navy during World War II . It was based at South Heighton , just outside Newhaven , East Sussex . Service history . Based in a former Guinness Trust Holiday Home , " Forward " served as the command centre for all Royal Naval establishments in the area and was responsible for : In 1941 a complex of tunnels were constructed underground to house a centre which plotted all shipping traffic in the English Channel between Dungeness and Selsey Bill , in conjunction with the coastal radar chain . " Forward " was decommissioned on 31 August 1945 .
Nathaniel Saltonstall ( American Revolution ) Nathaniel Saltonstall ( 1727 – 1807 ) was a Connecticut militiaman and a captain of Connecticut naval privateer ships during the American Revolutionary War ( not be confused with another Connecticut naval officer with the same surname , Dudley Saltonstall ) . Nathaniel Saltonstall was in command of the " old fort " at New London , Connecticut at the start of the war , and subsequently served as a naval commander in service of Nathaniel Shaw of New London . Saltonstall served as first lieutenant on the first voyage of the 24 - gun ship " General Putnam " ; he was commissioned as captain for the second voyage of the " Putnam " : You are to go on board our ship " Putnam " armed and fitted in a warlike manner for a cruise against the enemies of the Independent States of America as per your commission and instructions from the President of Congress and whose instructions you are to strictly obey . Saltonstall captured several prizes while captain of the " Putnam " . He additionally served as captain of the ship " Le Despencer " . Later in the war , Captain Saltonstall led volunteer soldiers during the Battle of Groton Heights . Later in life , Nathaniel Saltonstall moved to Marietta , Ohio , where he died on August 1 , 1807 . He is buried at Mound Cemetery in Marietta , along with Commodore Abraham Whipple of the Continental Navy and many other American Revolutionary War soldiers and pioneers .
Texas Federal Service Medal The Texas Federal Service Medal is an award within the Texas Military Forces , within the United States Armed Forces . It is the third highest of the military decoration that may be awarded to a member of the Texas Military Forces . Eligibility . The Texas Federal Service Medal may be awarded to members of the Texas Military Forces . Use . The Federal Service Medal shall be awarded to a person who was inducted into federal service from the state military forces between 15 Jun 1940 and 1 Jan 1946 or after 1 Jun 1950 , if the service was for more than 90 Days .