naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
10 cm Nebelwerfer 35 The 10 cm Nebelwerfer 35 ( 10 cm NbW 35 ) was a heavy mortar used by Germany during World War II . Much like the American M2 4 . 2 inch mortar it was intended to deliver chemical munitions , such as gas and smoke shells . Unlike the American weapon it appears to have had an ordinary high - explosive shell from the beginning . It was of conventional design , and was virtually a scaled - up 8 cm GrW 34 . It broke down into the standard three loads for transport . The tube weighed , the baseplate and the bipod . Each could be man - packed for some distance , but small handcarts were issued for longer distances . Each mortar squad consisted of a squad leader , three gunners and three ammunition bearers . It was initially deployed in ( " smoke or fog - thrower " ) battalions belonging to the Chemical Corps of the Heer ; exactly how the American initially fielded their own 4 . 2 inch mortar in chemical mortar battalion s . From 1941 they were replaced by the 10 cm Nebelwerfer 40 and the 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41 multiple rocket launcher . Operational Use . Initially they were deployed in " Nebelwerfer " battalions numbered 1 to 9 , plus the " Nebel - Lehr Abteilung ( Demonstration Battalion ) " and saw service in the Battle of France and Russia during Operation Barbarossa . Specialist units using these Mortars were also formed , such as " Gebirgs - Werfer - Abteilung ( Mountain Mortar Battalion ) 10 " which was formed in Finland in early 1942 by expanding " Nebelwerfer - Batterie 222 " . , This had itself been converted from " 8th Battery " of " Artillery Regiment 222 " of the " 181st Infantry Division " during the invasion of Norway . Following their replacement in the chemical corps , further uses were found for the Mortars , including issue to Fallschirmjager units as Heavy Mortars .
BRLESC The BRLESC I ( Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer ) was a first - generation electronic computer built by the United States Army ' s Ballistics Research Laboratory ( BRL ) at Aberdeen Proving Ground with assistance from the National Bureau of Standards ( now the National Institute of Standards and Technology ) , and was designed to take over the computational workload of EDVAC and ORDVAC , which themselves were successors of ENIAC . It began operation in 1962 . BRLESC was designed primarily for scientific and military tasks requiring high precision and high computational speed , such as ballistics problems , army logistical problems , and weapons systems evaluations . It contained 1727 vacuum tube s and 853 transistors and had a memory of 4096 72 - bit word s . BRLESC employed punched card s , magnetic tape , and a magnetic drum as input - output devices , which could be operated simultaneously . It was capable of five million ( bitwise ) operations per second . A fixed point addition took 5 microseconds , a floating - point addition took 5 to 10 microseconds , a multiplication ( fixed or floating - point ) took 25 microseconds , and a division ( fixed or floating - point ) took 65 microseconds . ( These times are including the memory access time , which was 4 - 5 microseconds . ) BRLESC and its predecessor , ORDVAC , used their own unique notation for hexadecimal numbers . Instead of the sequence A B C D E F universally used today , the digits ten to fifteen were represented by the letters K S N J F L , corresponding to the teletypewriter characters on five - track paper tape .
Cape of Good Hope Station The Cape of Good Hope Station was one of the geographical divisions into which the British Royal Navy divided its worldwide responsibilities . It was formally the units and establishments responsible to the Commander - in - Chief , Cape of Good Hope . Established in 1857 , the station covered most of the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean . On 17 January 1865 it was combined with the East Indies Station to form the East Indies and Cape of Good Hope Station , however the station was recreated as a separate station on 29 July 1867 . These responsibilities did not imply territorial claims but the navy would actively protect Britain ' s trading interests . From 1870 it absorbed the former West Africa Squadron . It formed the basis of the South Atlantic Station when that Station was formed in 1939 . Commanders - in - Chief . Commanders - in - Chief have included : < br > Commander - in - Chief , Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa Station Commander - in - Chief , Africa Station
French frigate Floréal ( F730 ) The Floréal is a small monitoring frigate ( " " frégate de surveillance " " ) of the French " Marine Nationale " . She is the lead ship of her class , and the first French vessel named after the 8th month of the Republican Calendar . In 1993 , she took part in United Nations Operation in Somalia II to protect Blue Helmets . In 1995 , she took part in the capture of Bob Denard in the Comoros . She also took part in the Action of 9 April 2009 . Her usual mission is monitoring of the Exclusive Economic Zone in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands .
Disciplinary Company of the Foreign Regiments in the Far East The Disciplinary Company of the Foreign Regiments in the Far East ( DCRE / EO ) , or " Compagnie de discipline des régiment étrangers en Extrême - Orient " , was a unit in the French Foreign Legion from 1946 to 1954 .
Half - pay In the British Army and Royal Navy of the 18th , 19th and early 20th centuries , half - pay referred to the pay or allowance an officer received when in retirement or not in actual service . The novels of the Horatio Hornblower series , taking place in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars , include numerous references to the protagonist and his fellow naval officers ' fear of being retired and " stranded ashore on half - pay " , which they consider as their worst nightmare .
Corinthian helmet The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city - state of Corinth . It was a helmet made of bronze which in its later styles covered the entire head and neck , with slits for the eyes and mouth . A large curved projection protected the nape of the neck . It also protected the cheek bones , which Greeks adored . Out of combat , a Greek hoplite would wear the helmet tipped upward for comfort . This practice gave rise to a series of variant forms in Italy , where the slits were almost closed , since the helmet was no longer pulled over the face but worn cap - like . Although the classical Corinthian helmet fell out of use among the Greeks in favour of more open types , the Italo - Corinthian types remained in use until the 1st century AD , being used , among others , by the Roman army . Physical evidence . Apparently ( judging from artistic and archaeological evidence ) the most popular helmet during the Archaic and early Classical periods , the style gradually gave way to the more open Thracian helmet , Chalcidian helmet and the much simpler pilos type , which was less expensive to manufacture and did not obstruct the wearer ' s critical senses of vision and hearing as the Corinthian helmet did . Numerous examples of Corinthian helmets have been excavated , and they are frequently depicted on pottery . The Corinthian helmet was depicted on more sculpture than any other helmet ; it seems the Greeks romantically associated it with glory and the past . The Romans also revered it , from copies of Greek originals to sculpture of their own . From the sparse pictorial evidence we have of the republican Roman army , it seems that in Italy the Corinthian helmet evolved into a jockey - cap style helmet called the Italo - Corinthian , Etrusco - Corinthian or Apulo - Corinthian helmet , with the characteristic nose guard and eye slits becoming mere decorations on its face . Given many Roman corruptions of ancient Greek ideas , this change was probably inspired by the " over the forehead " position common in Greek art . This helmet remained in use well into the 1st century AD . Literary evidence . Herodotus mentions the Corinthian helmet in his " Histories " when writing of the Machlyes and Auseans , two tribes living along the River Triton in ancient Libya ( the portion of ancient Libya he describes is most likely in modern Tunisia ) . The tribes chose annually two teams of the fairest maidens who fought each other ceremonially with sticks and stones . They were dressed in the finest Greek panoply topped off with a Corinthian helmet . The ritual fight was part of a festival honoring the virgin goddess Athena . Young women who succumbed to their wounds during the ordeal were thought to have been punished by the goddess for lying about their virginity ( " Histories , 4 . 180 " ) . Related reading . Lendon , J . E . , " Soldiers and Ghosts , A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity " ( 2005 )
USS Garrett County ( LST - 786 ) USS " Garrett County " ( LST - 786 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named after Garrett County , Maryland , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . " LST - 786 " was laid down on 21 May 1944 at Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania by the Dravo Corporation ; launched on 22 July 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . E . B . Keckler ; and commissioned on 28 August 1944 with Lieutenant Eli T . Ringler , USCG , in command . Service history . World War II , 1944 – 1946 . During World War II , " LST - 786 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima from 12 to 28 February 1945 , and the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in May and June 1945 . Following the war , she performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China until mid - December 1945 . " LST - 786 " was decommissioned on 9 July 1946 at Astoria , Oregon and assigned to the Columbia River Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet . On 1 July 1955 the ship was redesignated USS " Garrett County " ( LST - 786 ) . Vietnam War , 1966 – 1971 . Recommissioned on 15 October 1966 at Mare Island Naval Shipyard with Lieutenant James C . Kunz USN in command and redesignated a Patrol Craft Tender , USS " Garrett County " ( AGP - 786 ) . The ship saw extensive service in the Vietnam War , and participated in the following campaigns : Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase III ( 29 November 1967 to 29 January 1968 ) ; Tet Counteroffensive ( 30 January to 1 April 1968 ) ; Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase IV ( 2 April to 30 June 1968 ) ; Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase V ( 1 July to 1 November 1968 ) ; Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase VI ( 2 November to 2 December 1968 and 23 January 1969 ) ; Tet / 69 Counteroffensive ( 28 February to 8 June 1969 ) ; Vietnam Summer - Fall 1969 ( 9 June to 11 August 1969 , 7 September 1969 , and 31 December 1969 to 21 February 1970 ) ; and Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase VII ( 1 September 1970 , 5 to 30 November 1970 , and 31 December 1970 to 2 February 1971 ) . " LST - 786 " earned one battle star for World War II service , and the Presidential Unit Citation , the Navy Unit Commendation , and eight battle stars for the Vietnam War . Republic of Vietnam and Philippine Navy . Decommissioned and transferred to South Vietnam for service in the Republic of Vietnam Navy on 23 April 1971 , she was renamed RVNS " Can Tho " ( HQ - 801 ) . The ship and her crew escaped to the Philippines during the fall of the South Vietnamese government , after which custody was transferred to the Republic of the Philippines . She was renamed BRP " Kalinga Apayao " ( LT - 516 ) for service in the Philippine Navy . She was decommissioned on September 2010 and currently partially beached at Naval Base Cavite .
Debkafile DEBKAfile ( ) is an Israeli military intelligence website based in Jerusalem , providing commentary and analyses on terrorism , intelligence , national security , military and international relations , with a particular focus on the Middle East . It is available in both English and Hebrew . The word " Debka " refers to an Arab folk dance . History . The site started in the summer of 2000 , and is operated from the Jerusalem home of journalists Giora Shamis and Diane Shalem . It has been awarded Forbes ' Best of the Web award . Forbes identifies the best part of the website as being its archives , but decries the fact that " most of the information is attributed to unidentified sources . " Criticism . Wired . com ' s Noah Shachtman wrote in 2001 that the site " clearly reports with a point of view ; the site is unabashedly in the hawkish camp of Israeli politics , " . " Yediot Achronot " investigative reporter Ronen Bergman states that the site relies on information from sources with an agenda , such as neo - conservative elements of the US Republican Party , " whose worldview is that the situation is bad and is only going to get worse , " and that Israeli intelligence officials do not consider even 10 percent of the site ' s content to be reliable . Cornell Law professor Michael C . Dorf calls Debka his " favorite alarmist Israeli website trading in rumors . " The site ' s operators , in contrast , state that 80 percent of what Debka reports turns out to be true , and point to its year 2000 prediction that al - Qaeda would again strike the World Trade Center , and that it had warned well before the 2006 war in Lebanon that Hezbollah had amassed 12 , 000 Katyusha rockets pointed at northern Israel .
Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 2 Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 2 is the headquarters element of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing and is located at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point History . Commissioned on 31 December 1955 , Marine Wing Headquarters Group 2 was garrisoned at Marine Corps Air Station , Cherry Point , North Carolina with the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing . At that time , the unit was composed of Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron 2 , Marine Air Support Squadron 1 , and Marine Air Control Squadron 7 and Marine Air Control Squadron 8 . In May 1966 , MWSG - 2 was decommissioned . Through further reorganization in August 1967 , MWSG - 2 was reactivated and assumed the responsibilities of supporting the Marine Wing Headquarters . On 1 July 1971 , MWSG - 2 was re - designated to the current title of Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 2 . Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 2 has traditionally been a non - deployable Marine Corps unit , though it supports the War on Terror through individual augments to deploying units . The unit deployed as a whole for the first time in February 2005 until February 2006 where it was deployed to Al Asad Airbase in the Anbar Governorate Iraq . It operated for a second time in Al Asad from February 2007 until March 2008 and deployed a third time to Al Asad from January 2009 until November 2009 .
USS Xanthus ( AR - 19 ) USS " Xanthus " ( AR - 19 ) was a " Xanthus " - class repair ship acquired by the United States Navy for the task of providing repairs to the fleet . She was named after Xanthus , a mythical beast of Greek legend . Intended for the Royal Navy as HMS " Hecla " ( F 175 ) , she was laid down under Maritime Commission contract ( MCE hull 2664 ) as " Hecla " on 6 June 1944 at Baltimore , Maryland , by the Bethlehem - Fairfield Shipyard , Inc . . She was launched on 31 July 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . J . W . A . Waller , and delivered to the Navy on a loan basis on 16 August 1944 . On 6 December 1944 , she was renamed " Xanthus " and designated " AR - 19 " . She was commissioned on 9 May 1945 with Commander Stanley G . Nichols in command . World War II operations . Following training operations and a transit of the Panama Canal , " Xanthus " arrived at Pearl Harbor on 20 July to serve there as a repair ship . On 11 August , she sailed for Adak , Alaska , to join forces massing there for the projected assaults on the Kurils and northern Japan . The Japanese capitulation , however , obviated such operations . Instead of an invasion there was now an occupation . End - of - war activity . As part of Task Group ( TG ) 40 . 2 , " Xanthus " proceeded to Japan and arrived at Ominato on 9 September — the same date that Japanese forces there surrendered to Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher . The ship remained at Ominato through 21 November , serving as flagship for the commander of TG 56 . 2 , the repair and logistics group . Subsequently reporting for duty with Service Squadron 104 , the ship operated out of Okinawa through late January 1946 . China operations . On 10 February 1946 , " Xanthus " sailed for Tsingtao , China , and helped to stabilize troubled conditions there in the wake of the Japanese withdrawal . As Communist and Nationalist Chinese jockeyed for position in the volatile situation in their country , " Xanthus " supported American naval activities in that port until sailing for home on 8 April 1946 . Return to Stateside . Subsequently arriving at Norfolk , Virginia , in the spring of that year , the repair ship was laid up at the Maritime Commission facility in the James River , Virginia , in an " on hand " status , through 1961 . Post - war decommissioning . On 1 September 1962 , the ship was struck from the Navy List . In 1974 , she was sold for scrapping in Cleveland , Ohio .
USS SC - 27 USS " SC - 27 , during her service life known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 27 or USS " S . C . 27 , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . She later served in the United States Coast Guard as USCGC " Richards . U . S . Navy service . " SC - 27 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 8 November 1917 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 27 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 27 " . " Submarine Chaser No . 27 " was transferred to the U . S . Coast Guard on 13 or 14 November 1919 at Norfolk , Virginia . The U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , after " Submarine Chaser No . 27 " had left Navy service . Had she remained in Navy service at that date , she would have been classified as SC - 27 and her name would have been shortened to USS " SC - 27 " , and she now is referred to retrospectively by this name . U . S . Coast Guard service . The Coast Guard commissioned the submarine chaser as USCGC " Richards " . As of 1 January 1923 she was based at South Baltimore , Maryland . The Coast Guard found " Richards " , like other " SC - 1 " - class submarine chasers , too expensive to operate and maintain , and sold her on 29 January 1923 .
Escuadrón de Caza 162 " Gavilanes " The Escuadrón de Caza 162 , Callsign " Gavilanes " ( In English : Fighter Squadron 162 Callsign " Hawk " ) is a squadron of Venezuelan Air Force that operates from Base Aérea Libertador / Palo Negro . Actually they are subordinated to the Grupo de Caza No . 16 " Dragones "
Earl ' s Palace , Kirkwall The ruins of the Earl ' s Palace , Kirkwall lie near St Magnus Cathedral in the centre of Kirkwall , Orkney , Scotland . Built by Patrick Stewart , 2nd Earl of Orkney . It was begun in 1607 and built largely by forced labour . Lord Orkney and his father , Robert Stewart , 1st Earl of Orkney , are acknowledged to have been among the most tyrannical noblemen in Scotland ' s history . The Earl ' s Palace was built after Lord Orkney decided that the accommodation provided by the Bishop ' s Palace was inadequate for his needs . He decided to extend the complex by building a new Earl ' s Palace on the adjoining land . This was complicated by the fact he did not actually own this property . He quickly acquired it by fabricating charges of theft against the unfortunate current owner , trying him and having him executed . However , Orkney did not hold on to the property for long . Whilst in prison , Orkney ' s son , Robert Stewart , Lord Stewart , rose in rebellion and seized the palace , nearby St . Magnus ' Cathedral and Kirkwall Castle . An army laid siege and the Castle was destroyed . Lord Orkney and his son were later executed . After Lord Orkney ' s death the palaces continued to be the residence of the Bishops of Orkney sporadically until 1688 , when they became the property of the Crown , and fell into ruin in the 18th century . The ruins , though roofless , still have much of their original French - influenced Renaissance elegance ( Historic Scotland ; entrance charge ) . Turrets and decorations carved in the sandy coloured stonework , give glimpses of the former splendour of this residence .
USS LST - 555 USS " LST - 555 " was a United States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1946 . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 555 " was laid down on 5 February 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 22 March 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . R . E . Sharp , and commissioned on 28 April 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 555 " was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations . She participated in the capture and occupation of the southern Palau Islands in September and October 1944 . She then took part in the Philippines campaign , participating in the Leyte landings in October and November 1944 and the landings at Zambales and Subic Bay in January 1945 . She then participated in the assault on and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 555 " performed occupation duty in the Far East . She was badly damaged by grounding off Wakayama , Japan , on 18 September 1945 . Decommissioning and disposal . " LST - 555 " was decommissioned on 6 January 1946 and stricken from the Navy List on 21 January 1946 . Her hulk was destroyed by gunfire on 26 January 1945 . Honors and awards . " LST - 555 " earned four battle star s for her World War II service .
Herbert Bareuther Herbert Bareuther ( 29 July 1914 – 30 April 1945 ) was a World War II fighter ace from Nazi Germany . He was born on 29 July 1914 at Asch in Egerland . Bareuther was credited with having shot down a total of 55 enemy aircraft . All the victories he achieved were recorded over the Eastern front . Service . In early 1939 , Bareuther joined the Luftwaffe and was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 ( JG 51 ) in spring 1941 as Unteroffizier . He achieved his first victory over the Eastern Front on 22 June after he shot down a Soviet bomber Ilyushin DB - 3 . By the end of 1941 he had shot down a total of nine enemy aircraft . He then become involved in flying close air support missions . Bareuther also undertook a lengthy period of fighter pilot instructing . He was promoted to the rank of Leutnant in summer 1944 . By the middle of August 1944 , he had 44 victories to his credit . But he was shot down over Warsaw in an aerial combat . Bareuther bailed out injured but was captured by partisan forces . Later he was freed by German troops . In February 1945 , Bareuther returned to combat duty in Luftwaffe and served with the IV . / JG 3 based on the Eastern front . While serving with this unit , he achieved his last eleven victories . In mid - April Bareuther was appointed Staffelkapitän . Death . On 30 April 1945 , Bareuther was hit by Russian flak undertaking a ground support mission in the Pasewalk area . His aircraft hit a tree and he was killed in the subsequent crash . Leutnant Bareuther was awarded the Ritterkreuz on 5 May 1945 . Awards . Herbert Bareuther received a total of three awards : Herbert Bareuther is listed as a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross in Ernst Obermaier ' s book " Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 - 1945 " . However he is not listed in Walther - Peer Fellgiebel ' s work " Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 – 1945 " nor in Veit Scherzer ' s book " Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939 – 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer , Luftwaffe , Kriegsmarine , Waffen - SS , Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives " .