naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Peyton C . March , Jr . Peyton Conway March , Jr . ( December 31 , 1896 – February 18 , 1918 ) was an American soldier and pioneer aviator . He was the son of Peyton C . March and Josephine Smith Cunningham and was born at Fort Monroe , Virginia , where his father was stationed . He attended Lafayette College . In 1917 , March enlisted in the United States Army and was assigned to the Signal Corps Aviation Section . He trained in Toronto , Ontario and Austin , Texas . In 1918 , March was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the Air Corps after completing flying tests and gunnery instruction . In February 1918 , he was seriously injured in an airplane accident and died of his injuries in Fort Worth , Texas on February 18 . The following month , on March 11 , 1918 , March Field ( later March Air Force Base , now March Joint Air Reserve Base ) , located ten miles southeast of Riverside , California was named in his honor . He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery .
Flanking Maneuver The flank movement is an offensive military tactic that seeks to circumvent the wings of the enemy positions attacking its flanks ( sides ) or the rear . Advantages . Some of the possibilities offered by flank movement are : Assaulting enemy positions laterally , the attacker opens the possibility of using Enfilade Fire and Roll the Flank of the defender . Risks . If there is balance of power , the flank movement is a tactical option that is risky for the attacker . To avoid exposure of his own rear and not to reveal his intentions , the attacker is usually obliged to divide his forces , using a part in the flank movement , while another remains blocking the front of the opponent . This is contrary to the principle of concentration of forces , Giving a well - prepared enemy the chance to tackle each group separately . Additionally , the troops employed in the flank movement are forced to separate from its own rear , at the risk of having their lines of retreat blocked . Measures for Protection against Flank Maneuver . Military commanders have some preventive measures that can prevent or decrease the effectiveness of a flank attack . These include : Once through the flank under attack , the commander defender has several tactical options . Some of them are :
Artur Pipan Artur Pipan ( 5 December 1919 – 1 August 2009 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Artur Pipan was credited with flying 758 missions in which he destroyed 10 locomotives , 9 bridges 1 gun boat and numerous tank s . He joined the Bundesheer in 1956 and retired in 1982 as a Brigadier .
USS City of Dalhart ( IX - 156 ) USS " City of Dalhart " ( IX - 156 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the city of Dalhart , Texas . Her keel was laid down in 1921 by Oscar Daniels Company , in Tampa , Florida . She was acquired by the Navy 29 February 1944 , commissioned at San Francisco , California , on 2 June 1944 with Lieutenant Commander C . M . Lokey , USNR , in command ; and reported to the Pacific Fleet . " City of Dalhart " stood out from San Francisco 9 June 1944 , carrying sailors and cargo to Pearl Harbor . Assigned as a mobile barracks for the 301st Naval Construction Battalion , she departed Pearl Harbor 16 July with the men and machinery of this unit aboard , called at Eniwetok from 3 August to 5 August , and put into Guam on 11 August , one day after the island was declared secure . She remained at Guam until 22 November , when she sailed for San Francisco arriving 19 December . " City of Dalhart " was decommissioned on 28 January 1946 , and returned to her owner . " City of Dalhart " received one battle star for World War II service . See also . Barracks ship
143rd Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 143rd Infantry Regiment is a Texas Army National Guard unit assigned to the 36th Infantry Division . Currently , only one battalion of the regiment is active . Lineage and Honors . Lineage . The lineage of subordinate units is as follows : Service . Mexican Border Service . In February 1913 , Mexico was in a state of turmoil between two rival factions for power and this prevented commanders in Mexican border towns from paying their soldiers . Concern over this caused County Judge and Sheriff of Cameron County , Texas to appeal to the governor for assistance . In response , Governor Oscar Colquitt sent Texas militia , consisting of two companies of the Third Texas Infantry from Corpus Christi and Houston and two companies of cavalry . They remained until June 1913 . The situation got worse , with American citizens being executed in Mexico and various factions conducting cross - border raids into Texas . Some Federal troops were stationed on the boarder and in August 1913 , Colquitt sent the entire Third Texas Infantry to Fort Brown along with a battery of light artillery from Dallas . These were relieved by Federal troops in 1914 . By 1916 , the Third Texas was stationed at Harlingen while in Federal service . World War I . In 1917 , the 36th Infantry Division was formed from units in Texas and Oklahoma . The Third Texas and part of the Fifth Texas infantry regiments were organized as the 143d Infantry Regiment at Camp Bowie , Texas . The 143d was assigned to the 72d Infantry Brigade of the division . The 143d was then shipped to France in 1918 with the rest of the division for final combat training and then to the front . In September 1918 , the 36th Division was attached to the French Fifth Army . The regiment participated in Meuse - Argonne Offensive from October 7 – 28 , 1918 . World War II . The 36th Infantry Division was mobilized on November 25 , 1940 at Camp Bowie , including the 143d Infantry . It was shipped to Algeria in early 1943 . Salerno & Liri Valley , Italy . The 143d participated in the landing at Salerno , Italy and continued to fight in Italy during the campaign in the Liri Valley from September 1943 to early 1944 . Significant engagements included the Battle of San Pietro and the Rapido River crossing . Anzio . The regiment was landed to reinforce the Fifth Army on May 19 , 1944 . It then participated in the breakout and movement to Rome where they were halted by orders to allow other units to catch up . Southern France . As part of the 36th Division , the 143d landed in Southern France . Moving forward with the 141st Infantry , the regiment was part of the bottleneck that formed the Colmar Pocket . This resulted in the destruction of the German 19th Army . Vosges , France and Germany . The 143d concluded its combat with actions in Vosges , France and southern Germany . There was a significant battle near Weikersheim , Germany . The regiment then breached the Siegfried Line and moved forward as far as the Rhine river . Notable Awards / Commendations . Distinguished Service Cross . The following unit members were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross :
Amador Salazar Amador Salazar Jiménez ( 30 April 1868 – 16 April 1916 ) was a Mexican military leader who participated in the Mexican Revolution . Early life . He was born in Cuernavaca , Morelos on April 30 , 1868 , as the son of León Salazar and Gertrudes Jiménez . He was also a cousin of Emiliano Zapata , as his father was brother to Zapata ' s mother , Donna Salazar Cleophas . Before the outbreak of the revolution , Salazar worked as a laborer on the estate of the governor of Morelos and chief of staff to Porfirio Díaz , Pablo Escandón y Barrón . There , between 1903 and 1905 , he helped local villagers organize in their disputes against Escandón , which led to him being drafted into the Mexican army for troublemaking . He was sent to the Riflemen ' s School in Mexico City . Mexican revolution . In 1910 Salazar organized his own group of guerillas and participated in the fight against the regime of Porfirio Díaz . Allied with Zapata , in 1911 , he was one of the signatories of the Plan of Ayala . When Zapata broke with Francisco Madero in 1912 , Amador returned to the Morelos hills and joined Zapata , where thanks to his previous military experience his units were among the best disciplined of the " Zapatistas " . Amador fought against Madero and then , after Victoriano Huerta ' s coup d ' etat , still under Zapata ' s command , he fought Huerta . On the Zapatista Junta . In May 1913 , he was made part of the Revolutionary Junta of the " Zapatistas " , which was presided over by Emiliano Zapata , and also included Eufemio Zapata , Genovevo de la O , Felipe Neri , Otilio Montaño Sánchez , and Manuel Palafox ( who acted as the secretary ) . He was in charge of reorganizing the Zapatista military structure and took part in drawing up the revolutionary goals of the movement , which included updating the Plan of Ayala to new conditions . He was also made a Divisional General in the Liberation Army of the South . During the first part of 1914 , Salazar operated in the area near Yautepec , as part of a general successful offensive by Zapata against Huerta . However , once Huerta was defeated in July , Zapata broke with the " constitutionalist " government led by Venustiano Carranza and along with Pancho Villa began fighting against the Constitutional Army . On December 4 , 1914 , Amador Salazar accompanied Zapata to his famous first meeting with Villa in Xochimilco . Soon however , the Zapatistas and the Villistas had to abandon Mexico City to Carranza ' s general Álvaro Obregón , who reentered the city at the end of January , 1915 . Salazar , leading 4000 men made an attempt to retake the capital at the end of July , but was defeated by Constitutionalist forces . Death and burial . He was killed by a stray bullet on April 16 , 1916 and was buried in a pyramid shaped mausoleum in Tlaltizapán , dressed as a charro .
Harry Daniels Lieutenant - Colonel Harry Daniels VC MC ( 13 December 1884 – 13 December 1953 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Harry Daniels was the 13th child of baker in Wymondham , Norfolk . He joined the army at a young age and served abroad in India . He was 30 years old , and a Company Sergeant - Major in the 2nd Battalion of The Rifle Brigade ( Prince Consort ' s Own ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 12 March 1915 at Neuve Chapelle , France , his unit was ordered into an advance on the German trenches across no - man ' s land which was covered by machine guns and strewn with barbed wire . Daniels and another man , Cecil Reginald Noble , voluntarily rushed in front with cutters and attacked the wires They were both wounded at once , Noble dying later of his wounds . For further activities on the Western Front he was awarded the Military Cross and later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum at Winchester , England . A road is named for him in his home town , Wymondham .
USS Cruise ( AM - 215 ) USS " Cruise " ( AM / MSF - 215 ) was an " Admirable " - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters , and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean . She was launched 21 March 1943 by Tampa Shipbuilding Co . , Inc . , Tampa , Florida ; completed by Charleston Navy Yard ; and commissioned 21 September 1945 , Lieutenant S . F . Luce , USNR , in command . Cruise visited New York between 19 December 1945 and 5 January 1946 , then sailed by way of Guantanamo Bay , Cuba ; the Panama Canal Zone ; and Salina Cruz , Mexico , for San Pedro , California , arriving 3 February . Originally destined for Pearl Harbor , she was ordered back to the east coast , sailing 20 March and arriving at Galveston , Texas , 22 April . Sailing on to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , " Cruise " was placed out of commission in reserve there on 5 September 1946 . She was reclassified MSF - 215 on 7 February 1955 . On 1 July 1972 she was struck from the Navy List . MV " Gregory Poole " . On 1 March 1973 , " Cruise " was purchased by Beaufort Fisheries , Inc . , Beaufort , North Carolina , and converted to a menhaden fisherman and renamed " Gregory Poole " , official number 558835 . On 10 December 2007 , the " Gregory Poole " was scuttled off the coast of Delaware onto the Del - Jersey - Land Inshore Reef site ( ) , to help form an artificial reef .
Battle of Julianstown The Battle of Julianstown was fought during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , at Julianstown near Drogheda in eastern Ireland , on 29 November 1641 . Prelude . The prelude to the planned Siege of Drogheda 1641 , Ulster insurgents led by Sir Phelim O ' Neill and supporters from Cavan and Monaghan were en route to lay siege to the strategic garrison , grain store and seaport . In their plan to replace English rule in Ireland , the insurgents had already attacked several towns and villages within the Pale , including the palace of the Protestant Bishop of Meath and the burning of Navan and Athboy . The Battle . Either by chance or otherwise the insurgents came upon an untrained and hastily raised force of Government soldiers , largely composed of planter refugees from the northern counties sent against them . The two sides met at the bridge at Julianstown . The British commander gave the order to counter march , which the half trained recruits misinterpreted as a march to the rear . The British army began slowly edging backwards . However , the rebel force believed that the British had shouted contúirt bháis ! ( danger of death ) . The Irish , upon hearing this and seeing the panic and confusion amongst the British force let loose with a war cry and charged with unyielding ferocity . What followed was a simple rout . The soldiers attempted to hold them off by firing in volleys , but were unable to co - ordinate their actions and panicked when they saw the rebels bearing down on them . Many threw down their muskets and ran away , the remainder being either killed or captured . One disputed source tells that the rebels spared the Irish in the soldier ’ s ranks , but killed the English and Scots . It is noted from the Cavan depositions that several of those men killed at Julianstown were in fact refugees who had joined the ranks of the army , having previously been robbed and turfed out of their homes by the insurgents . The Officer in charge of the Crown ' s forces at Julianstown was Sir Patrick Wemyss . His account of the battle can be read in his letter to the Earl Ormonde , recorded in the Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland , 1641 . Aftermath . The consequences of the Julianstown skirmish were out of proportion to its military significance . The victory by the insurgents made them seem much more formidable than they actually were , and helped to spread the rebellion to the rest of Ireland . In the event they failed in the ensuing siege , and withdrew . It was also was a rude wake up call for Ormonde and his fellow commanders in Ireland , and showed the determination and support in Ireland for the insurgents led by most of the landed gentry . Ormonde called for reinforcements from England and was to mount a considerable counter - offensive in parts of Leinster in the spring of 1642 . This indirectly helped to prolong the English Civil War , as the English royalist forces absent in Ireland would have greatly improved the King ' s chances at the Battle of Edgehill later in 1642 .
912th Air Refueling Squadron The 912th Air Refueling Squadron ( 912 ARS ) is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron , assigned to the 452d Operations Group , stationed at March Joint Air Reserve Base , California . The squadron is a corollary unit of the active duty 93d Air Refueling Squadron , 92d Air Refueling Wing ( 92 ARW ) , Fairchild Air Force Base , Washington . Overview . The squadron operates the KC - 135 Stratotanker aircraft conducting aerial refueling and other air mobility missions . History . The squadron flew combat missions in the European Theater of Operations from , 13 May 1943 – 20 April 1945 . It conducted long distance aerial refueling from , 1961 – 1972 and worldwide aerial refueling , beginning 1973 . The 912th gained also flew EC – 135 airborne command post missions from , 1984 – 1989 . On 19 Sep 1985 the 912th Air Refueling Squadron was consolidated with the 412th Bombardment Squadron ( Very Heavy ) , a unit that was last active 27 Jun 1949 . Thia action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF / MPM 662q Attachme1 ( Active Units ) , 19 Sep 1985 The Consolidated Unit retains the Designation of " 912th Air Refueling Squadron , Heavy " . The 912th supported operations in Grenada , 23 – 24 October 1983 , Panama , 18 – 21 December 1989 , and Southwest Asia , August 1990 – March 1991 . The squadron was inactivated at Grand Forks AFB , North Dakota on 20 Mar 2009 pursuant to BRAC 2005 action which directed the transition of Grand Forks AFB from an air refueling mission to an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft mission with the RQ - 4 Global Hawk . The squadron was reactivated at March ARB , California on 3 Dec 2010 as an Active Associate organization , an active duty Regular Air Force flying unit assigned to an Air Force Reserve Command flying unit , with both organizations operating the same aircraft . As part of the 452nd Air Mobility Wing ( 452 AMW ) at March , the 912th is an active duty squadron that will work in tandem with March ' s 336th Air Refueling Squadron and 452nd Maintenance Group , flying and maintaining the KC - 135R Stratotanker aircraft as the 912th previously did at Grand Forks . However , the 912 ARS will remain under the administrative control of the 92nd Air Refueling Wing ( 92 ARW ) at Fairchild AFB , Washington .
Gaius Norbanus Gaius Norbanus Balbo ( died 82 BC ) , ( possibly surnamed Bulbus or Balbus ) , was a Roman politician who was elected consul in 83 BC alongside Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus Asiagenus . He committed suicide during the civil war between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius the Younger . Biography . A member of the Plebeian " gens " Norbani , and a Novus homo , Gaius Norbanus first came to prominence when he was elected Tribune of the Plebs for 103 BC . He achieved notoriety for his prosecution of Quintus Servilius Caepio the Elder , where he accused Servilius Caepio of incompetence and dereliction of duty at the catastrophic defeat of the Roman armies by the Cimbri at the Battle of Arausio in 105 BC . At the " Concilium Plebis " where Servilius Caepio was tried , two tribunes attempted to veto proceedings , but were driven off by force . Although the Senate vigorously tried to obtain his acquittal , and he was defended by Lucius Licinius Crassus , Norbanus managed to secure Caepio ’ s condemnation . Caepio was forced into exile to Smyrna , while his fortune was confiscated . In 101 BC , Norbanus served as Quaestor under Marcus Antonius , grandfather of the triumvir Mark Antony , in his campaign against the pirates in Cilicia . In 94 BC , Norbanus was accused of " minuta maiestas " ( treason ) under the " Lex Appuleia " by Publius Sulpicius Rufus on account of the disturbances that had taken place at the trial of Caepio , but the eloquence of Marcus Antonius secured his acquittal . This was followed by his election as Praetor in 89 BC , and his appointment as governor of Sicily . He held the post until 88 BC and kept the peace in his province , defending it against the Italian " socii " during the Social War . He managed to capture Rhegium from the Samnites in 88 BC . During the civil war between Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla he sided with Marius . He was elected consul in 83 BC and at Mount Tifata , near Capua , he intercepted Sulla , who had returned to Italy from Greece . Sulla sent over some emissaries to discuss coming to terms with Norbanus , but they were thrown out when it became apparent that they were trying to suborn Norbanus ’ men , who were mostly raw recruits . Although Norbanus was helped by Quintus Sertorius , they were defeated by Sulla at the Battle of Mount Tifata , losing around 6 , 000 men in the process . He only managed to regroup his shattered army at the walls of Capua , whereupon he eventually retreated to Cisalpine Gaul . In 82 BC , he was probably the Marian proconsular governor of Cisalpine Gaul . He and Gnaeus Papirius Carbo were defeated by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius at Faventia . Proscribed by Sulla , Norbanus was betrayed by one of his Legate s , Publius Tullius Albinovanus , who murdered many of Norbanus ’ principal officers before surrendering Ariminium to Metellus Pius . Norbanus himself did not attend Albinovanus ’ invitation , and he managed to evade capture , fleeing to Rhodes . Here he committed suicide in the middle of a market - place , while the leading citizens of Rhodes were debating whether to hand him over to Sulla .
German submarine U - 759 German submarine " U - 759 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 15 November 1940 at the Kriegsmarinewerft yard at Wilhelmshaven , launched on 30 May 1942 , and commissioned on 15 August 1942 under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Rudolf Friedrich . After training with 5th U - boat Flotilla at Kiel , Germany , on 1 February 1943 " U - 759 " was transferred to 9th U - boat Flotilla , based in Brest , France , for front - line service . She sailed on two combat patrols and sank two ships totalling . " U - 759 " was sunk east of Jamaica on 15 July 1943 by depth charges from a US Navy Mariner patrol bomber . All hands were lost . Service history . 1st patrol . " U - 759 " first sailed from Kiel on 2 February 1943 , and out into the Atlantic , south of Greenland . She had no successes , and arrived at Lorient , France on 14 March after 41 days . 2nd patrol . " U - 759 " left Lorient on 7 June 1943 and sailed across the Atlantic to the Caribbean Sea . There on 5 July , about 70 miles west of Port - Salut , Haiti , she torpedoed the 3 , 513 ton American merchant ship " Maltran " , part of Convoy GTMO - 134 . The ship sank in 15 minutes , but all 47 aboard escaped in lifeboats , and were picked up by . Two days later , on 7 July , the U - boat torpedoed and sank the 9 , 251 ton Dutch cargo ship " Poelau Roebiah " , in convoy TAG - 70 , east of Jamaica . All but two of the 68 crew , along with 24 armed guards and 31 US passengers abandoned ship in four lifeboats and were later rescued . After sinking the Dutch ship the U - boat was pursued and attacked by the United States destroyer , but escaped . The next day , 8 July , " U - 759 " was spotted and attacked by a United States Navy scout aircraft . Allied surface ships attacked for seven hours , but the U - boat evaded them and escaped unharmed . " U - 759 " s luck finally ran out on 15 July 1943 , when she was sunk by depth charges from a US Navy Mariner aircraft from Squadron VP - 32 in the Caribbean , in approximate position . All 47 crew were lost .
Israeli Air Defense Command The Israeli Air Defense Command is the Israel Defense Forces unit responsible for the surface front of Israel ' s air defense , complementing the air defense provided by Israeli Air Force squadrons . Initially a part of the IDF Artillery Corps , since 1970 the Air Defense Command has been subordinate to the Israeli Air Force . History . During the 1948 Arab – Israeli War , the Air Defense Network was part of the Artillery Corps , primarily relying on machine gun s . During the 1960s , 40mm radar - guided anti - aircraft guns were introduced , and in 1965 , MIM - 23 Hawk Surface - to - air missile s . The latter were absorbed in the Air Force ' s surface - to - air units . In the 1970s , the entire Air Defense Network was merged with the Air Force . Organization . Although it is part of the Air Force , the command is organizationally structured in a way similar to the Artillery Corps . The current commander is Brigadier - General Shahar Sochat ( replacing Doron Gavish ) , who is directly subordinate to the commander of the Air Force .