naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Eliot Higgins Eliot Higgins ( 1979 ) pseudonym Brown Moses , is an English blogger and investigator of the Syrian civil war . Life and work . Eliot Higgins was born in 1979 . In 2012 , when Higgins began blogging the Syrian civil war , he was an unemployed finance and admin worker who spent his days taking care of his child at home . He is married with one child . Higgins took the pseudonym Brown Moses from the Frank Zappa song " Brown Moses " on the album " Thing - Fish " . Higgins analyses of Syrian weapons , which began a hobby out of his home in his spare time , is now frequently cited by the press , human rights groups and has led to questions in parliament . His blog , Brown Moses Blog , began in March 2012 by covering the Syrian conflict . Higgins operates by monitoring over 450 YouTube channels daily looking for images of weapons and tracking when new types appear in the war , where and with whom . He has been hailed as something of a pioneer . Because of the large number of videos uploaded by participants in the war there is a lot of data and information that can be gleaned for those with the time and knowledge to sort through it . Higgins has no background or training in weapons and is entirely self - taught , saying that " Before the Arab spring I knew no more about weapons that the average Xbox owner . I had no knowledge beyond what I ' d learned from Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rambo . " He has never been to Syria and has no friends or family there . Some of the videos uncovered and documented by Brown Moses include the use of cluster bomb s in 2012 , which the Syrian government denied using ; the use of so - called " barrel bombs " , which the Russians denied existed ; the proliferation of shoulder - launched heat - seeking missiles known as manpad s ; the proliferation of Croatian - made weapons , a story later picked up by the " New York Times " which uncovered an American CIA connection . Reception . " Brown Moses is among the best out there when it comes to weapons monitoring in Syria , " said Peter Bouckaert , emergencies director at Human Rights Watch . " New York Times " war reporter CJ Chivers said that fellow journalists should be more honest about the debt they owe to Higgins ' Brown Moses blog . " Many people , whether they admit or not , have been relying on that blog ' s daily labour to cull the uncountable videos that circulate from the conflict , " he said . Amnesty International said that the Brown Moses Blog was vital in proving the Syrian regime was using ballistic missiles , information then used to send a research mission to Syria . Eliot Higgins has been a subject of interest in the press . He was profiled in " The Guardian " on 21 March 2013 , on Channel 4 News on 30 March 2013 , on CNN International on April 1 , 2013 He has also received a lot of coverage in foreign press .
19th ( Western ) Division The British 19th ( Western ) Division was a New Army division formed in September 1914 as part of the K2 Army Group . The division landed in France July 1915 and spent the duration of the First World War in action on the Western Front . Formation . The brigade initially comprised the following four battalions which were all disbanded in February 1918 . From February 1918 , the brigade comprised :
Fighter Pilots Conspiracy The Fighter Pilots Conspiracy Legend refers to the poorly documented oral rebellion of the leading officers of the " Luftwaffe " against the incompetence of the " Oberkommando der Wehrmacht " . Background . By 1944 , the " Luftwaffe " had lost the air war over Europe . Hermann Göring , Reich Marshal and Chief of the German Air Force , accused and blamed the fighter pilots for the bombing of Germany and the losing of the war . All of the senior " Luftwaffe " Commodore s ( " Kommodore s " ) brought their concerns to Adolf Galland , Commander of Germany ' s Fighter Force ( " General der Jagdflieger " ) . Meeting with Göring . Galland arranged for a meeting with Göring . However , Galland was not invited to this meeting . Instead , he was kept informed of the proceedings by Hannes Trautloft . The group of the most decorated and valiant " Luftwaffe " leaders , led by spokesman Günther Lützow , confronted Göring with a list of demands for the survival of their service . Their main concern was the " Reichsmarschall " ' s lack of understanding and unwillingness to support his pilots against accusations of cowardice and treason , which existed since the Battle of Britain . Outcome . The outcome was devastating . In 1945 , blamed by German dictator Adolf Hitler and Hermann Göring for the collapse of Germany ' s air defense against Anglo - American bombing raids , Adolf Galland was relieved of his command . Johannes Steinhoff was threatened with court - martial and sent to Italy , and Göring told Günther Lützow that he was going to be shot for high treason . Similar penalties were imposed upon others in the so - called " mutiny " . Subsequently Gordon Gollob was appointed " General der Jagdflieger " . Adolf Galland who was under investigation by the Gestapo for violating the subversion act had finally decided to end his life . His girlfriend went to Adolf Hitler to plead with him to spare Galland from " forced suicide " . Hitler fearing the loss of morale Galland ' s death would cause among the Luftwaffe late in the war demanded Goering to do something about it . Goering feeling he would rather Galland die in combat gave him the opportunity to form his own elite JV 44 flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 . Galland was wounded in combat and Steinhoff severely burned in a takeoff accident before the end of the war . Günther Lützow was killed in action on 24 April 1945 .
BL 5 . 5 inch Mark I naval gun The Breech Loading 5 . 5 inch Mk I was a naval gun used by the British Royal Navy during both World Wars . Naval history . This weapon was developed by Coventry Ordnance Works in 1913 and offered to the Greek Navy as main armament for two new cruisers building at Cammell Laird . On the outbreak Of World War I the two ships were purchased by Britain as HMS " Chester " and HMS " Birkenhead " . The RN was happy with the performance of the gun as it was significantly lighter than the standard 6 inch gun and fired an 82 lb shell rather than the 100 lb shell of the 6 inch weapon . It therefore had a higher rate of fire with little loss in hitting power . The British ordered more guns as secondary armament for HMS " Furious " and HMS " Hood " . A total of 81 guns were made and were used on the following ships Guns removed from " Chester " , " Birkenhead " and " Furious " were used to arm Armed Merchant Cruiser s Coast defence gun . In 1940 , the 5 . 5 inch guns were removed from in a refit . Two were installed in Hood Battery on Ascension Island and remain there today . A pair were installed in specially built casemates on the roof of Coalhouse Fort in Essex , overlooking the Thames . Guns from the Hood also went to Bognor Regis , Pevensey , North Foreland , Dover and Folkestone . Notable actions . Boy Seaman First Class Jack Cornwell was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for heroism in serving his gun on HMS " Chester " during the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 .
Hingurakgoda Airport SLAF Hingurakgoda is a Sri Lanka Air Force station located in Hingurakgoda , Sri Lanka . It is also the fourth largest airport in Sri Lanka and has the fourth longest runway in Sri Lanka . History . This base was an RAF airfield , RAF Minneriya during the World War II from 1942 to 1946 , which was renovated and re - established by the Sri Lanka Air Force in 1978 . Facilities . SLAF Hingurakgoda is the fourth largest airport in Sri Lanka and has the fourth longest runway in Sri Lanka . The runway can easily accommodate narrow - body aircraft like Airbus A320 family , Boeing 737 and Boeing 757 . It can also tightly handle wide - body aircraft like Airbus A300 , Airbus A330 , Boeing 767 , Boeing 777 or even at emergencies a Boeing 747 . The airport ' s sole runway is not equipped with ILS ( Instrument Landing System ) , thus all approaches and takeoffs are performed visually . Airlines and destinations . Mihin Lanka ( planned )
Battle of Le Mans The Battle of Le Mans was a Prussian victory during the Franco - Prussian War which ended French resistance in western France . Background . After the victory at the Battle of Orleans ( 1870 ) , Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia marched his army further to the west towards Le Mans . Antoine Chanzy had under his command about 150 , 000 soldiers stationed in Le Mans . The bulk of the pre - war professional French army had either been captured at the Battle of Sedan ( 1870 ) and the Siege of Metz ( 1870 ) or were bottled up in the Siege of Paris . Thus Chanzy ' s " army " consisted mainly of reservists and hastily conscripted civilians armed with a variety of obsolete civilian rifles or old military muzzle - loaders . Greatly outnumbering the German army , the French conscripts were nonetheless no match for the battle - seasoned Germans and Friedrich Karl did not hesitate to destroy them . The battle . The French army was greatly demoralized and ill - equipped . Much of the French ammunition had been soaked in the rain giving the Prussians a major advantage against the obsolete French gunnery . But Chanzy still ordered his forces into trenches prepared before Le Mans . The Germans hit the French left flank guarded by the Huisne River . The flank was turned and nearly routed until artillery and a counterattack halted the German attack . A bold German attack was launched on the French right flank , which fell apart . Corps commander Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry attempted to rally the broken troops to mount a counterattack but failed to do so . The French defense dissolved , the stragglers falling back into Le Mans . Results . The battle had completely ended French resistance in the west . Friedrich Karl ' s supply lines were stretched thin and his army also was exhausted from its campaign along the Loire River that he did not pursue Chanzy . However , Chanzy ' s army was so demoralized and fatigued after the battle that it ceased to be an effective force and the fighting around the Loire came to an end .
BNS Sahayak BNS " Sahayak " ( Bengali - " helper " ) is a Fleet Replenishment Ship of the Bangladesh Navy , currently assigned to support anti - piracy operations . Career . The " Sahayak " is currently moored at Chittagong , serving with the Commodore Commanding BN Flotilla ( COMBAN ) . About 50 personnel serve aboard " Sahayak " .
Elisabeth Heyward Elisabeth Heyward was one of the participating interpreter s during the Nuremberg Trials ( 1945 – 1949 ) held in the city of Nuremberg , Germany after World War II . She was the wife of Dick Heyward , former senior deputy executive director of UNICEF . Biography . Exodus from Russia . Elisabeth Heyward was born on October 8 , 1919 in St . Petersburg , Russia . After the Russian Revolution - a year after her birth - Heyward ’ s family left St . Petersburg . In 1920 , she was among a mass of Russian migrants diverging into Berlin . Four years later , Heyward ’ s family left Germany to settle in Paris , France . A few years after World War I - at the age of five - Heyward had the overwhelming task of attending a school in Paris without , at first , having any knowledge of French . At home , Heyward spoke Russian with her parents although they were fluent in German as an outcome of having resided in Berlin for four years . In France . With the most of Elisabeth ' s upbringing being in France , Heyward ' s education was almost exclusively French , and she later attended an insititution that offered advanced studies in trade and commerce . Although the had stated that the milieu of her education had been male - dominated , Heyward finished her schooling with excellent accomplishment and had become fluent in English , winning first prize in fact during an English - language competition . At that time , however , the French government failed to recognize this notable linguistic accomplishment as Heyward had not yet earned French citizenship . After World War II , Heyward was able to demonstrate her incredible talent as a polyglot while working at the " France Presse " news agency . Heyward ’ s experience at " France Presse " eventually led to her interpreting career , first during the Nuremberg Trials and then for the United Nations in New York . In New York City . At the United Nations headquarters in New York , Heyward joined the French Section of the Interpretation Service , working from English and Russian . She later occupied the post of Head of the French Section until her retirement in 1981 . After officially leaving the U . N . as a permanent staff member , Heyward continued working as a freelance interpreter until April 17 , 2004 .
892nd Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron The 892nd Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron ( " Serbo - Croatian : 892 . helikopterska eskadrila za izviđanje i vezu / 892 . хеликоптерска ескадрила за извиђање и везу " ) was an aviation squadron of Yugoslav Air Force formed in 1952 at Rajlovac airfield as Liaison Squadron of 7th Military district ( " Serbo - Croatian : Eskadrila za vezu 7 . vojne oblasti / Ескадрила за везу 7 . војне области " ) . History . Squadron was formed by order from December 17 , 1951 on February 1 , 1952 as part of 7th Military district . It was equipped with various training and liaison aircraft . Squadron was transformed into Liaison Squadron of 7th Air Command ( " Serbo - Croatian : Eskadrila za vezu 7 . vazduhoplovne komande / Ескадрила за везу 7 . ваздухопловне команде " ) by 1959 . By the April 1961 and application of the " Drvar " reorganization for the Air Force , new type designation system is used to identify squadrons , so the Liaison Squadron of 7th Air Command has become 892nd Liaison Aviation Squadron . It was equipped with domestic liaison Ikarus Kurir aircraft . With 7th Air Command being disbanded in 1964 squadron was reattached again to 7th Military district . Squadron was disbanded on July 17 , 1966 by order from February 17 of same year , but it ' s numeration has remain in reserve . By order from January 9 , 1980 , the 892nd Helicopter Flight ( " Serbo - Croatian : 892 . helikoptersko odeljenje / 892 . хеликоптерско одељење " ) has been established at Sarajevo military airfield with 7th Army of Yugoslav People ' s Army for reconnaissance and liaison duties equipped with domestic made Soko SA , 341 Gazelle helicopters . By order from March 1 , 1985 it is designated as 892nd Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron . Due the 1988 reorganization of field armies of Yugoslav People ' s Army , 893rd Squadron has been attached to 896th Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron as it ' s helicopter flight .
12th Regiment Royal Artillery 12th Regiment Royal Artillery is a regiment of the Royal Artillery in the British Army . It currently serves in the air defence role , and is equipped with the Starstreak HVM missile . In January 2008 , the regiment moved to the Baker Baracks , Thorney Island upon its return from Germany .
Çanakkale Martyrs ' Memorial The Çanakkale Martyrs ' Memorial ( ) is a war memorial commemorating the service of about 253 , 000 Turkish soldiers who participated at the Battle of Gallipoli , which took place from April 1915 to December 1915 during the First World War . It is located within the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park on Hisarlık Hill in Morto Bay at the southern end of the Gallipoli peninsula in Çanakkale Province , Turkey . The memorial was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 500 , 000 lira banknotes of 1993 - 2005 . Design and construction . For the erection of a memorial in Gallipoli , an architectural contest was opened in 1944 . The design by architects Doğan Erginbaş , Ismail Utkular and civil engineer Ertuğrul Barla won the official contest . Construction of the monument was decided in 1952 , and the ground stone was laid on 19 April 1954 . Financial problems caused interruption of the construction works several times . The main structure was completed on 15 March 1958 . In the meantime , the Turkish daily " Milliyet " started a countrywide financial support campaign , and the memorial was officially opened on 21 August 1960 . The high monument is in the form of four square columns wide with space between each other , topped by a concrete slab of . The huge structure is well visible during passage through the Dardanelles . The museum underneath the monument was opened later and the bas - relief s on the columns were completed afterwards . Situated to the north of the memorial , a war cemetery holding the remains of 600 Turkish soldiers was established in 1992 . Posted at the site , an inscription with verses from Turkish national anthem by Mehmet Akif Ersoy , reminds the visitors : Do not ignore the ground on which you have walked , It is not ordinary soil . Reflect on the thousands of people , who lie beneath Without a shroud . You are the son of a martyr – Do not hurt your ancestor , Do not give away this beautiful motherland , Even if you have the whole world . The War Museum . Inside the museum , beneath the memorial , further information and historical artifacts illustrate the magnitude of the Battle of Gallipoli , against the Allied powers : British , French , and Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ( ANZAC ) . Original personal and military items , such as cutlery , a set of false teeth , dress buttons , belt buckles , sniper shields , and photographs found on the battlefield , are on display in the museum . The 57th Regiment Memorial . A monument commemorating the soldiers and officers of the famous 57th Regiment of the 19th Division , who all were killed in action , was opened in 1992 . It is a three - story tower with a relief inscription of Staff Lieutenant - Colonel Mustafa Kemal ' s famous command to his soldiers who ran out of ammunition and had nothing left but bayonet s , on the morning of 25 April 1915 to meet the ANZACs on the slopes leading up from the beach to the heights of Chunuk Bair ( Conkbayırı ) : " I do not order you to attack , I order you to die . " As a sign of respect , there is no 57th Regiment in the modern Turkish army .
German submarine U - 572 German submarine " U - 572 " was a Type VIIC U - boat built for the Nazi German Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . Her keel was laid down 8 June 1940 at the Blohm + Voss yard in Hamburg as ' werk ' 548 . She was launched on 5 April 1941 and commissioned on 29 May . The boat was sunk by US aircraft off Trinidad on 3 August 1943 . 47 crew members died in the event .
George Downie George Downie was a British Royal Navy officer during the War of 1812 . He commanded the British squadron which attacked the American fleet anchored at Plattsburgh Bay in Lake Champlain during the Battle of Plattsburgh on 11 September 1814 . Downie was leading into battle inexperienced crews , many of them from provincial units and not from the cream of the Royal Navy , against American forces which had both time to prepare and were readily familiar with that area of the Lake . Early in the ensuing battle , Commodore Downie was crushed by a cannon aboard his flagship HMS " Confiance " and killed instantly ; the gun having been struck on its muzzle by a cannonball from the U . S . flagship " Saratoga " which had sent the piece reeling backwards onto him . One eyewitness later recorded how Downie appeared when the gun , which weighed several tons , was removed : " His skin was not broken , a black mark about the size of a small plate was the only visible injury . His watch was found flattened , with its hands pointing to the very second at which he received the fatal blow . " The loss of Downie , who was arguably the most experienced officer in the British fleet , greatly increased the odds of the American forces winning the engagement that day . A 24 pound cannon from the captured " Confiance " , the same gun responsible for the death of Commodore Downie , can be found today on display in front of Macdonough Hall at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis Maryland . The deep indentation on the muzzle of this gun left by the ball from the USS " Saratoga " is still present .
James Alexander Smith James Alexander Smith VC ( 5 January 1881 – 21 May 1968 ) was born in Workington , Cumberland and was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . His birth name was James Alexander Glenn . He was 33 years old , and a private in the 3rd Battalion , Border Regiment , British Army , attached to 2nd Battalion during the First World War . Smith and Abraham Acton from Whitehaven were both awarded their Victoria Cross for their actions on 21 December 1914 at Rouges Bancs , France . On 21 December 1914 at Rouges Bancs , France , Smith and Abraham Acton , voluntarily went out from their trench and rescued a wounded man who had been lying exposed against the enemy ' s trenches for 15 hours . On the same day they again left their trench under heavy fire to bring in another wounded man . They were under fire for 60 minutes whilst conveying the wounded men to safety . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the King ' s Own Royal Border Regiment and Border Regiment Museum , Carlisle Castle , Cumbria , England . He died 21 May 1968 in Middlesbrough , North Riding of Yorkshire , aged 87 .
Gerhard Brehme Gerhard Brehme ( 7 September 1912 – 17 July 1943 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Brehme was mortally wounded during the Battle of Kursk and died in a hospital in Kharkov after years of service on the eastern theater of the war . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 23 August 1943 .
Military commissariat Military commissariat is a military institution in some European counties . Russia and former USSR . Military commissariat ( ) , abbreviated as voyenkomat ( voenkomat ) is а local military administrative agency in the former Soviet Union as well as in present - day Russia and some other CIS countries that prepares and executes plans for military mobilization , maintains records on military manpower and economic resources available to the armed forces , provides premilitary training , draft s men for military service , organizes reserves for training , and performs other military functions at the local level . Voennyi komissariat is headed by an officer called voenkom ( ) in Russian , which is an abbreviation for " voennyi komissar " ( ) , translated simply as " military commissar " . France . The word " commissariat " , within the Military of France , designates services providing supplies , as well as financial and legal support to units , roughly equivalent to the Quartermaster s in the US military . Officers from these services are called " commissaires " .
Battle of Loulan The Battle of Loulan ( 樓蘭之戰 ) in 108 BC marks the earliest Chinese military venture into Central Asia , after a conflict of the Han Dynasty with Loulan and Jushi and a switch of allegiance to the Xiongnu . The Han launched an attack by first arresting the king of Loulan , and turned on the offense against Jushi . The battle resulted in the submission of both Wusun and Dayuan , and an increased role , reputation , and status for imperial Han Chinese politics in Central Asia . Aftermath . The Loulan kingdom ceased to exist in 77 BC , as the last king of Loulan , Angui , was assassinated by two of Fu Jiezi ' s men during a banquet . The Han deposited one of his kin , Weituyan . They also changed the name Loulan to Shanshan in the same year , as the capital was moved south west to the city of Wuni ( which was no longer situated in the Lop Nur ) .