naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Álvaro de Bazán - class frigate The " Álvaro de Bazán " class ( also known as the F100 class of frigate s ) are a new class of Aegis combat system - equipped air defence frigates entering service with the Spanish Navy . They are being built in the Spanish factory of Navantia in Ferrol and are named after Admiral Álvaro de Bazán . The ships are fitted with American Aegis weapons technology allowing them to track hundreds of airborne targets simultaneously as part of its air defence network . The F100 Alvaro de Bazan class multi - role frigate is one of the few non - US warships to carry the Aegis Combat System and its associated AN / SPY - 1 radar . Japan ' s " Kongo " - class , South Korea ' s " King Sejong the Great " - class , the F100 - derived Norwegian " Fridtjof Nansen " - class of frigates also use the Aegis system . Lockheed Martin , Navantia and the U . S . Navy are conducting final systems integration . The F105 will be the basis of the Australian " Hobart " - class destroyer ( previously known as the " Air Warfare Destroyer " ) . The Australian government announced in June 2007 that , in partnership with Navantia , three F100 vessels will be built for the Royal Australian Navy with the first due for delivery in 2014 . The " Álvaro de Bazán " - class frigates are the first modern vessels of the Spanish Navy to incorporate ballistic resistant steel in the hull , along with the power plants being mounted on anti - vibration mounts to reduce noise and make them less detectable by submarines . The original contract for four ships was worth €1 , 683m but they ended up costing €1 , 810m . it was estimated that the final vessel , F - 105 would cost €834m ( ~ US $ 1 . 1bn ) . Units . 6 ships were originally planned , including " Roger de Lauria " ( F105 ) and " Juan de Austria " ( F106 ) . These were cancelled but a fifth ship was later added as the F105 " Cristóbal Colón " .
TR series minesweeping trawler The TR series were minesweeping naval trawler s built during World War I for the Royal Canadian Navy . A total of 53 were built and assigned the numbers between " TR - 1 " to " TR - 40 " , " TR - 46 " to " TR - 49 " , and " TR - 51 " to " TR - 60 " .
Shahbulag Castle Shahbulag Castle ( ) , translated as " " Spring of the Shah " " , is located in Agdam Rayon of Azerbaijan , about 10 km away from the city of Agdam . History . After the death of Persian ruler Nadir Shah , Azerbaijan split into several khanate s one of which was the Karabakh Khanate founded by Azerbaijan i ruler Panah Ali Khan Javanshir . The first capital of the khanate was the Bayat Castle built in 1748 . The capital was soon moved to the newly constructed Shahbulag Castle located in lowland Karabakh . Eventually , Panah Ali Khan moved the capital to its final location , Shusha , a natural fortress located on a hardly penetratable mountain rock . Once construction of Shusha castle was completed , Panah Ali Khan relocated all of his court , nobles , meliks . Nevertheless , Karabakh khans kept about 3 , 000 strong horse cavalry in Shabulag Castle at all times for defense purposes . Designs of Shahbulag , Shusha and Askeran castles resemble . The castle . The castle was called Shahbulag ( " Shah ' s spring " ) honoring the nearby spring . The complex which included mosques , houses , baths and a market was built in 1751 - 1752 . During the construction , limestone and dimension stone were used . Only the castle itself and the mosque on its northwestern end survived . The castle has a rectangular architectural design and its external walls are reinforced with circular and semicylinder towers . The walls and towers contain embrasure s and merlon s typical for defense structures . The castle walls are 7 metres and towers are 8 . 5 metres high . The entrance to the castle is located in the middle section of the eastern wall . During the reign of the khan , it was protected by two story tower like premises . The top floor was intended for the khan with a stone staircase leading to it from the castle yard . The castle was built from half - hewn whole stones . Shahbulag Mosque . The mosque built during the construction of Shahbulag castle is located on the northwestern part of the castle . It includes a small stone prayer hall with a square dome ( 5 . 1 m by 5 . 1 m ) and a veranda with facade directed towards the East ( 5 . 1 m by 2 . 5 m ) . The veranda beams are based on quadrangular 8 - edge pillars . Shahbulag architecture is thought to have influenced later architectural designs of buildings in all Karabakh region and especially that of Shusha . Current state . Shahbulag castle is among the most valuable historic and cultural monuments of Azerbaijan . It was abandoned following occupation of Agdam in July 1993 . The current state of the structure is unknown .
Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio ( c . 1385 – 1435 ) was an Italian condottiero who was executed by the papacy for treason . Life . The son of Giovanni I Bentivoglio , after the murder of his father , Antongaleazzo studied law and was a leader of the republic opposition in Bologna against the authority of the Antipope John XXIII ( 1416 – 1420 ) . He treated with the famous condottiero Braccio da Montone when the latter was sent to occupy the city ; in 1420 , he seized the effective lordship of Bologna but had soon to cede it to the newly elected Pope Martin V , in exchange for the Castel Bolognese . Antongaleazzo then lived as a condottiero , though without notable deeds . Exiled from his city despite his position as Papal commander , Bentivoglio was finally able to return in Bologna on December 4 , 1435 at the head of a large number of exiles . However , his presence raised the suspicions of the papal legate Daniele da Treviso , who had him taken prisoner and beheaded . His remains were interred in the Bentivoglio Chapel of the Basilica of San Giacomo Maggiore .
John J . Pinder , Jr . John J . Pinder , Jr . , ( June 6 , 1912 – June 6 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Normandy . Biography . Pinder joined the Army from Burgettstown , Pennsylvania , and by June 6 , 1944 was serving as a technician fifth grade in the 16th Infantry Regiment , 1st Infantry Division . On that day , he participated in the Allied landings near Colleville - sur - Mer , France . Despite being twice wounded , Pinder refused medical attention and continued to gather communications equipment in order to establish a radio link on the beach before receiving a third and fatal wound . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor seven months later , on January 4 , 1945 . Pinder , killed on his 32nd birthday , was buried in Grandview Cemetery , Florence , Pennsylvania . The U . S . Army barracks in Zirndorf , Germany , were named Pinder Barracks in his honor . Although these barracks were abandoned in the years after 1999 , the name Pinder remained by decision of the city administration as the newly formed city district " Pinder Park " . Medal of Honor citation . Technician Pinder ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty on 6 June 1944 , near Colleville - sur - Mer , France . On D - day , Technician 5th Grade Pinder landed on the coast 100 yards off shore under devastating enemy machinegun and artillery fire which caused severe casualties among the boatload . Carrying a vitally important radio , he struggled towards shore in waist - deep water . Only a few yards from his craft he was hit by enemy fire and was gravely wounded . Technician 5th Grade Pinder never stopped . He made shore and delivered the radio . Refusing to take cover afforded , or to accept medical attention for his wounds , Technician 5th Grade Pinder , though terribly weakened by loss of blood and in fierce pain , on 3 occasions went into the fire - swept surf to salvage communication equipment . He recovered many vital parts and equipment , including another workable radio . On the 3rd trip he was again hit , suffering machinegun bullet wounds in the legs . Still this valiant soldier would not stop for rest or medical attention . Remaining exposed to heavy enemy fire , growing steadily weaker , he aided in establishing the vital radio communication on the beach . While so engaged this dauntless soldier was hit for the third time and killed . The indomitable courage and personal bravery of Technician 5th Grade Pinder was a magnificent inspiration to the men with whom he served .
1969 in the Vietnam War Tet 1969 refers to the attacks mounted by principally North Vietnamese forces in February 1969 in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War , one year after the original Tet Offensive . Operation Menu was the codename of a covert United States Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970 , during the Vietnam War . The supposed targets of these attacks were sanctuaries and Base Areas of the People ' s Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) and forces of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF or derogatively , " Viet Cong " ) , which utilized them for resupply , training , and resting between campaigns across the border in the Republic of Vietnam ( South Vietnam ) . The Battle of Hamburger Hill was a battle of the Vietnam War which was fought between the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnamese forces from May 10 – 20 , 1969 . Although the heavily fortified Hill 937 was of little strategic value , U . S . command ordered its capture by direct assault . Operation Apache Snow was a military operation in the A Shau Valley from May 10 to June 7 , 1969 . The A Shau Valley was an important corridor for moving supplies into South Vietnam and used as staging area for attacks . Previous sweeps of the valley in Operation Delaware and Operation Dewey Canyon had not been able to keep the North Vietnamese Army from operating in the valley . The Battle of Binh Ba , also known as " Operation Hammer " , was a hard fought , but one - sided , battle . The action occurred on 6 – 8 June 1969 when Australian Army troops from the 5th Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment ( 5RAR ) fought a combined communist force of North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong in the village of Binh Ba , north of Nui Dat in Phuoc Tuy Province . Operation Camden was an Australian Army military operation in support of the 501 Land Clearing Company , United States Army Corps of Engineers who were undertaking land clearing operations in the Hat Dich Area . With the outcome of the Vietnam War still in question , Hồ Chí Minh died on the morning of 2 September 1969 , at his home in Hanoi at age 79 from heart failure .
7 . 5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 The 7 . 5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 ( 7 . 5 cm IG 37 ) was an infantry support gun , used by Germany , during World War II . The guns were originally designated 7 . 5 cm PaK 37 . The IG 37s were manufactured , beginning in late 1944 , from carriages of 3 . 7 cm PaK 35 / 36 s ( and the nearly identical Soviet 3 . 7 cm PaK 158 ( r ) ) and a barrel designed originally for the IG 42 infantry support gun . As an anti - tank weapon it used a hollow charge shell with 0 . 5 kg of explosives to penetrate up to 85 mm with a v0 of 395 m / s . The first 84 guns were delivered in June 1944 . By the end of the war 1 , 304 guns were operational . While the gun carriage was an old design , the gun itself was a new design created by Krupp ; though the design had been shelved at the time of its conception . The gun had two distinctive features ; first was the large four - baffle muzzle brake and the second was the vertical sliding block breech that was considered unusual for a Krupp designed gun . The breech operated in a semi - automatic fashion ; once the gun was fired the breech block would open and eject the spent casing and remained open to allow for rapid reloading . The breech would then closed once the next round was loaded and was ready to fire .
District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana , or Louisiana District , was an official , temporary , United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory . It officially existed from March 10 , 1804 until July 4 , 1805 , when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory . The area north of present - day Arkansas was commonly referred to as Upper Louisiana . The United States District of Louisiana had two incarnations : first , as a federally administered military district ( March 10 , 1804 - September 30 , 1804 ) ; then as an organized territory ( October 1 , 1804 - July 4 , 1805 ) under the jurisdiction of the Indiana Territory . A similarly named " Louisiana District " had also previously been an administrative division under Spanish and French rule . Military District of Louisiana . In legislation enacted October 31 , 1803 , Congress made provisions for a temporary government of the territory purchased from France . The President was authorized to use military forces to maintain order , although local civil government was to continue as it had under French and Spanish rule . This military rule was in effect from March 10 , 1804 — the official date of transfer from French hands ( known as Three Flags Day ) — until September 30 , 1804 . At this time , the District was further divided into five administrative divisions : New Madrid , Cape Girardeau , Ste . Genevieve , St . Charles , and St . Louis . Amos Stoddard served during this time as District Commandant . Civilian District of Louisiana . On March 26 , 1804 , Congress enacted legislation effective October 1 , 1804 , that extended the authority of the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory to provide temporary jurisdiction over the District of Louisiana . Later that year , Indiana territorial Governor William Henry Harrison and territorial judges Davis , Griffin , and Vandenberg held court in the district capital of St . Louis and enacted laws for the region . Inhabitants ' concerns . Under the terms of the act establishing the temporary government , the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory were to meet twice a year in St . Louis . However , the settlers west of the Mississippi River complained strongly about the arrangement . Opposition was indicated by : Upset citizens of the Louisiana District met in St . Louis in September 1804 to sign a declaration formally protesting the annexation . Among the signers were Auguste Chouteau . A notable event during this period was the signing of the Treaty of St . Louis , in which the Sac and Fox Indian tribe s ceded northeastern Missouri , northern Illinois , and southern Wisconsin to the United States . Resentment over this treaty was to cause the tribes to side with the British during the War of 1812 in raids along the Missouri , Ohio , and Mississippi Rivers and was to spur the Black Hawk War in 1832 . On March 3 , 1805 , Congress enacted legislation organizing the District of Louisiana into the Louisiana Territory , effective July 4 , 1805 . The territorial government was organized similarly to that of the Indiana Territory .
Fabrizio Colonna Fabrizio Colonna ( c . 1450 – 18 March 1520 ) was an Italian condottiero , a member of the powerful Colonna family . He was the son of Edoardo Colonna and Filippa Conti . Fabrizio was born sometime before 1452 . He was married to Agnese da Montefeltro daughter of Federico da Montefeltro , 1st Duke of Urbino , and Battista Sforza . Fabrizio was known as count of Tagliacozzo and grand constable of the kingdom of Naples . He was a general in the Holy League that fought against Louis XII of France and played a notable part in the Spanish army ' s victory at Cerignola . His daughter was Vittoria Colonna , who was an Italian poet , and a close friend of Michelangelo . His nephew Marcantonio was also a successful general . Fabrizio is the main speaker in Machiavelli ' s " The Art of War " and is referenced throughout the book as an authority on both Classical and current military structure , strategy , and tactics .
Duncan Millar Duncan Millar VC also known as Miller ( 19 June 1824 – 7 July 1881 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 34 years old and a private in the 42nd Regiment , ( later The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 at Maylah Ghat , British India for which he and Private Walter Cook were awarded the VC : His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National War Museum of Scotland , Edinburgh Castle , Edinburgh , Scotland .
AEG B . II The AEG B . II was a two - seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft produced in small numbers from 1914 . It was a slightly smaller version of the B . I and proved more successful . They were used in limited numbers throughout 1914 to 1915 , but were quickly replaced , as they were often derided for lack of speed and armament .
Wilber Elliott Wilder Wilber Elliott Wilder ( August 18 , 1857 – January 30 , 1952 ) was a United States Army Brigadier General who was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for rescuing a wounded soldier under heavy fire . Education and army career . He married Violet Blair Martin , of the prominent Throop - Martin family of " Willowbrook " near Auburn , New York , on April 16 , 1884 . They had a son , Wilber , and a daughter , Violet . In 1886 he was a key figure in negotiating the surrender of the Apache chief Geronimo . While an Army Captain , he served as acting superintendent of Yellowstone National Park from March 15 , 1899 - June 22 , 1899 . He also served in Spanish - American War , Pancho Villa Expedition , World War I . At the time of his death , he was the oldest surviving graduate of the Academy . He died in Governors Island , New York but was residing in Ridgefield , Connecticut at the time . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : First Lieutenant , 4th U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Horseshoe Canyon , N . Mex . , 23 April 1882 . Entered service at : Detroit , Mich . Birth : Atlas , Mich . Date of issue : 17 August 1896 . Citation : Assisted , under a heavy fire , to rescue a wounded comrade .
Vladimir Konovalov Rear Admiral Vladimir Konstantinovich Konovalov , Владимир Константинович Коновалов ( December 5 , 1911 – November 29 , 1967 ) was a Soviet Navy distinguished submarine commander during World War II . Born to a Jewish family in the village of Nadiyne ( Zaporizhia Oblast , in what is now Ukraine ) , His family moved to Donetsk when he was a child . He studied at the Donetsk National Technical University . He joined the Soviet Navy in 1932 and graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1936 . After graduation he served on submarines in the Black Sea Fleet . Beginning in October 1940 he transferred to the Baltic Fleet and was appointed second in command of the Soviet submarine L - 3 , and he was named her commander in March 1943 . The L - 3 was a minelayer submarine , but it was also engaged in offensive operations against German shipping during World War II , ultimately making 11 torpedo attacks under Konovalov ' s command . On April 16 , 1945 , Konovalov sank the German ship " Goya " , carrying civilians and military personnel fleeing from the Eastern Front . At least 6 , 000 people drowned , with only 165 people saved . It was one of the worst maritime disasters ever . According to some versions , the L - 3 also might have sunk a small 1411 GRT ship on January 31 , 1945 , but it is not confirmed . Konovalov ' s submarine also laid five mine barrages of 52 mines during the war , one of which sunk a ship " Henry Lütgens " measuring 1141 GRT on January 29 , 1945 . A torpedo boat T 34 was also possibly sunk on mines laid by the L - 3 , on November 20 , 1944 . He was awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union for an exemplary wartime record on July 8 , 1945 . From May 1946 to November 1947 , he commanded the N - 27 ( formerly the German Type XXI U - Boat " U - 3515 " ) . In 1950 , he graduated from the Voroshilov staff college and from 1958 commanded the submarine brigade of the Baltic Fleet . He was made a rear admiral on May 7 , 1966 , but died of a stroke in Leningrad the following year . Over the course of his career , Konovalov was awarded the Order of Lenin ( three times ) , the Order of Ushakov 2nd class , the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( twice ) , and the Order of the Red Star ( twice ) . In the book and subsequent film " The Hunt for Red October " , the fictional Soviet Alfa class nuclear - powered attack submarine is named the " V . K . Konovalov " .
Battle of Zafar The Battle of Zafar took place in 633 between Khalid ibn al - Walid and a tribal mistress called Salma . Khalid defeated her and she died on the battlefield . The battle was part of the Ridda Wars . This apostate leader was riding on a camel , surrounded by her loyal bodyguards . Khalid ibn al - Walid approached her with a group of mujaheddin and slaughtered her and her bodyguards . Several hundred apostates died in this battle . Aftermath . With the death of this apostate other apostate tribes has to choose Islam or death or exile or captive . No other tribes of these region had ever turn their voice against Islam . Online Resources . A . I . Akram , " The Sword of Allah : Khalid bin al - Waleed , His Life and Campaigns " Lahore , 1969
Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre The Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre ( CFLAWC , ) is a Canadian Forces training facility located at CFB Trenton , Ontario , Canada . It was formerly known as the Canadian Parachute Centre , and traces its lineage from the Canadian Airborne Centre , which was located at Canadian Forces Base Edmonton until 1996 . It was renamed and its mandate expanded to become a " centre of excellence " for advanced war - fighting skills for the Canadian Army . CFLAWC is designated as the army centre of excellence for : static - line round , static - line square and military free - fall parachuting and teaches basic , jump master and instructor courses in each sub - set of parachuting . Equally important , within its mission are : the Arctic operations advisor , basic / advanced mountain operations , helicopter insertion instructor , helicopter operations , and aerial delivery courses . The centre is also responsible for the Canadian Forces Pathfinder course ( the future of which is under review ) . CFLAWC comprises Headquarters Company , Training Company ( which executes course ) and Support Company ( which supports all CFLAWC training and also acts as the Canadian Forces Parachute Depot ) . The centre sends members of its staff on international courses to learn best practices from allied nations and develop them into specialists and maintains a capability in desert and jungle warfare and amphibious warfare . A mutual parachute instructor exchange occurs throughout the year with the US Airborne School to foster the relationship between Canadian and US forces . Canadian Forces Parachute Demonstration Team : the SkyHawks . The SkyHawks Parachute Team is a sub - unit of CFLAWC , which conducts parachute demonstration and relative canopy work at airshows and special events worldwide .