naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Lord Adam Gordon ( British Army officer ) General Lord Adam Gordon ( c . 1726 – 13 August 1801 ) was a Scottish soldier and general , a younger son of Alexander Gordon , 2nd Duke of Gordon and Lady Henrietta Mordaunt . He entered the army as an ensign in the 2nd Dragoons in 1741 , and attended Eton from 1742 to 1743 . That year he was promoted lieutenant , and in 1746 became a captain of the 18th Regiment of Foot . Seven Years War . He was returned for Aberdeenshire in 1754 , and was made lieutenant - colonel of the 3rd Foot Guards in 1756 . He supported the recently fallen Duke of Newcastle during the parliamentary inquiry into his ministry ' s role in the loss of Minorca . In 1758 , he took part in the descent on Cherbourg , and fought bravely at the Battle of St . Cast , leading the grenadier company of the Guards as part of the rearguard there . Gordon continued in Parliament after the 1761 election as a supporter of the rising Lord Bute . On 19 January 1763 , he was made colonel of the 66th Regiment of Foot , and the next year , toured the West Indies , the American colonies , and Canada , looking to invest in land . He returned to England in 1765 . On 2 September 1767 , he married Jean , Dowager Duchess of Atholl , and laid aside his American projects . He left Parliament in 1768 , but returned again for Kincardineshire in 1774 . He had , by 1772 , been promoted major - general . On 27 December 1775 , Gordon was appointed colonel of the 26th Regiment of Foot , but he did not receive a command during the American Revolution . A zealous supporter of Lord North ' s government , he was appointed Governor of Tynemouth in 1778 and colonel of The Royal Scots on 9 May 1782 . Unhappy with the terms of the Treaty of Paris and the fate of the loyalist s , he supported the new ministry of Pitt in 1783 . He left Parliament in 1788 . Gordon was appointed Commander - in - Chief in Scotland in 1789 , promoted general in 1793 , and resigned Tynemouth for the governorship of Edinburgh Castle in 1796 . He was replaced as Commander - in - Chief in 1798 and retired to his seat in Kincardineshire , where he died in 1801 .
South Dakota National Guard The South Dakota National Guard is part of the South Dakota Department of Military & Veterans Affairs . It was created in 1862 as the State Militia . Its headquarters is located in Madison , South Dakota . It consists of the South Dakota Army National Guard and the South Dakota Air National Guard . The Guard in South Dakota was first activated 1862 by the territorial governor , and consisted of six companies of militia , composed of cavalry and infantry . In April 1898 the first infantry was federailzed and deployed to the Philippines . South Dakota Army National Guard . The South Dakota Army National Guard maintains and operates 32 armories , and in 31 different communities . Major components of the SD ARNG include field artillery , engineer , transportation , aviation , maintenance and medical units . Major units : Historical units . In Jan . 2013 , Charmaine White Face raised concerns about radiation exposure of South Dakota Army National Guard soldiers in the Buffalo Gap National Grassland .
Battle of Lochmaben Fair The Battle of Lochmaben Fair was an engagement in Lochmaben , Scotland , on 22 July 1484 between Scottish loyalists to James III of Scotland and the rebels Alexander Stewart , Duke of Albany and James Douglas , 9th Earl of Douglas , leading cavalry from England . Both exiles from Scotland , Albany and Douglas invaded with permission but not support of Richard III of England , hoping to encourage rebellion against James . Instead , they were met with armed resistance . The loyalists took the day . Douglas was captured and Albany forced to retreat . Background . The unpopular Scottish king James III had been imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle following his arrest by his own nobles at Lauder Bridge in July 1482 . Alexander Stewart , Duke of Albany , his younger brother , soon took control of the government , but his power was short - lived . Through bribery and the support of such powerful individuals as George Gordon , 2nd Earl of Huntly , James III regained his throne , and Albany was forced to flee , first in January 1483 to Dunbar and then on 9 April to England . Douglas , a rebel against Albany ' s father James III of Scotland , had resided in England since his lands had been forfeit to the crown in 1455 . There , in the employ of Edward IV of England , he had become a Knight of the Garter . Invasion . The recently crowned English king Richard III initially planned to invade Scotland , but with other matters of state taking precedence instead only gave his permission for Albany and Douglas to launch an invasion on their own . The pair did so , bringing 500 horsemen to Lochmaben on 22 July 1484 during the annual fair . Though Albany and Douglas had hoped to incite the Scots to rebel against James , instead the townspeople took to arms against them , soon receiving assistance from the gentry in the area . The English cavalry routed , Albany retreated to France , while Douglas was captured . Further reading . PRIMARY SECONDARY
Sutlej Medal The Sutlej Medal was a campaign medal approved in 1846 , for issue to officers and men of the British Army and Honourable East India Company who served in the Sutlej campaign of 1845 - 46 ( also known as the First Anglo - Sikh War ) . This medal was the first to use clasps to denote soldiers who fought in the major battles of the campaign . The medal was approved on 17 April 1846 , authorised for all who served in the Punjab between 7 September 1848 and 14 March 1849 . Three clasps were authorised , although no medals were awarded with all three clasps . No unit qualified for both the clasps " Mooltan " and " Chilianwala " . The medal was issued without a clasp to those units that were present in the Punjab but did not take part in fighting . Clasps . The Sutlej Medal was also awarded for participation in the Battle of Mudki . There is no clasp , as the first battle the recipient of the medal participated in would be engraved directly onto the medal , with additional battles added by clasp . As there was no battle prior to Mudki , there was no need to produce a clasp for second - battle veterans .
7th Infantry Division Lupi di Toscana The 7th Infantry Division " Lupi di Toscana " ( " Wolves of Tuscany " ) was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . It was held as part of the Army reserve in June 1940 , during the Italian invasion of France . The " Lupi di Toscana " then took part in the Greco - Italian War where it suffered heavy losses and disintegrated in January 1941 in the fight for Vlorë . Stationed on the French border , to recover it took part in the invasion of Vichy France in November 1942 . It remained in Toulon until August 1943 when it returned to Italy . After the Italian surrender to the Allies in September 1943 , it was tasked with the defence of the Furbara and Ceveteria airfields around Rome . It was still in this area when it surrendered to the Germans . Despite the name ( " Wolves of Tuscany " ) , the division was formed by men from Lombardy , especially from Brescia , Bergamo and the surrounding valleys .
Juan Carlos de Aréizaga Juan Carlos de Aréizaga ( died 1816 ) was a Spanish general , who fought in the Peninsular War . In 1808 he was a retired colonel , residing in Pamplona , where he made friends with a young Francisco Javier Mina . After the outbreak of the Peninsular War , he moved to Zaragoza , where he became a divisional commander under Joaquín Blake ( 1809 ) . He also took part in the battle of Alcañiz ( May 1809 ) . On 19 November 1809 he took the command of the newly established " Army of La Mancha " , including 50 , 000 men . At the command of this unit , he suffered a crushing defeat against the French at the battle of Ocana . In late 1809 , he was charged of the defense of the Andalusian passes . Aréizaga however was not able to stop the French invasion , and most of his forces were disbanded at Jaén in January 1810 . He was subsequently replaced by general Freire .
USS Vision ( SP - 744 ) The first USS " Vision " ( SP - 744 ) , later USS " SP - 744 " , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . History . " Vision " was built as a private , wooden - hulled , " Express - Cruiser " - type screw motor launch of the same name in 1916 by the Albany Boat Corporation at Watervliet , New York , to a design by Thomas V . Taylor . On 3 July 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her under a free lease from her owner , L . E . Anderson , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned the same day as USS " Vision " ( SP - 744 ) . She soon was renamed USS " SP - 744 " to avoid confusion with the patrol vessel , which was commissioned on 27 August 1917 . Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England and based at Newport , Rhode Island , " SP - 744 " served on harbor and harbor entrance patrol duties , including patrols off the Naval War College and Rose Island , until November 1917 . After undergoing engine repairs from November 1917 to February 1918 , she resumed patrols in the Newport area . On 23 June 1918 , " SP - 744 " got underway from Newport and headed southward for duty in the 8th Naval District . Proceeding via a succession of ports along the United States East Coast from New London , Connecticut , to Charleston , South Carolina , " SP - 744 " arrived at St . Augustine , Florida , on 15 October 1918 . She subsequently operated out of Miami , Florida , for the rest of World War I and into January 1919 . " SP - 744 " was decommissioned at Miami on 22 January 1919 and returned to her owner the same day .
Japanese submarine I - 22 I - 22 was a submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy which saw service during the Pacific Campaign of World War II . " I - 22 " was commissioned at Yokosuka , Japan on March 10 , 1941 . The submarine participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea and attack on Sydney Harbour in May and June 1942 . " I - 22 " disappeared while on patrol near Malaita in the Solomon Islands on or around October 4 , 1942 and was presumed lost with all 100 hands .
Hans Roeger Hans Roeger ( 13 July 1920 – 12 April 2009 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Forbes Road The Forbes Road was a historic military roadway in what was then British America , that was constructed in 1758 from Carlisle , Pennsylvania , to the French Fort Duquesne at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh . The road was named for Brigadier General John Forbes , the commander of the 1758 British expedition that built the road during the French and Indian War in Pennsylvania . The Forbes Road and Braddock ' s Road were the two main land routes that the British cut west through the Appalachian wilderness during the war , despite the need to travel over and past a succession of steep north - south ridges that interfered with east - west travel . History . Construction . Like General Edward Braddock , General Forbes faced great difficulty when transporting his army and artillery to Fort Duquesne through a wilderness previously traveled only by indigenous tribes and fur traders . Benefiting from the experience of Braddock ' s ill - fated 1755 military expedition , Forbes constructed forts at regular intervals along the new road and established supply lines between the forts . Forbes avoided Braddock ' s Road and encounters with the enemy before the expedition reached Fort Duquesne . Forbes ' army captured Fort Duquesne from the French army on November 25 , 1758 . Forbes then built a much larger fort on the site , naming it Fort Pitt . Construction of the Forbes Road made transportation of supplies , soldiers , messages , and trade easier between the eastern farms and cities and western portions of Pennsylvania , and provided an important route west for settlers . The Forbes Road provided a more direct route to Ohio Country through Pennsylvania compared to Braddock ' s Road , which was constructed west from Cumberland , Maryland , then north into Pennsylvania . Later roads . Later , U . S . Route 22 largely followed portions of the Forbes Road from Monroeville through a town now named " Forbes Road " and Hannastown to Latrobe . The Lincoln Highway ( U . S . Route 30 ) largely followed the Forbes Road between Latrobe and Bedford . Still later , a portion of the Pennsylvania Turnpike ( Interstate 76 ) largely followed a portion of the Forbes Road from Bedford over the Appalachian mountains to Carlisle . In contrast to the Forbes Road ' s successors , the National Road , now 40 , largely followed Braddock ' s Road across the Appalachian Mountains from Cumberland into Pennsylvania . Markers . Many historical markers indicate locations along the original route where Forbes traveled with his army . In Westmoreland County , a Forbes Road marker is located along US 22 , 1 . 2 miles east of Murrysville . In Cumberland County , there are markers along US 11 southwest of Carlisle and one mile northeast of Shippensburg . In Fulton County , there is a marker along US 522 , 0 . 2 miles southwest of Burnt Cabins . Forbes Road markers have also been erected in Allegheny , Bedford , and Somerset counties .
Executive One Executive One is the call sign designated for any United States civil aircraft when the President of the United States is on board . Typically , the President flies in military aircraft that are under the command of the Presidential Airlift Group , part of Air Mobility Command ' s 89th Airlift Wing , based at Andrews Air Force Base in Prince George ' s County , Maryland . In 1973 , to " set an example for the rest of the nation during the current energy crisis " and to " demonstrate his confidence in the airlines " , then - President Richard Nixon became the only sitting president to travel on a regularly scheduled commercial airline flight when he flew on a United Airlines DC - 10 from Washington Dulles International Airport to Los Angeles International Airport . A Nixon aide carried a suitcase - sized secure communication device on board the plane , so that the President could remain in contact with Washington in the event of an emergency . Nixon ' s choice to fly commercial did not end up actually saving fuel , as the Boeing 707 then serving as Air Force One later flew empty from Washington to California to pick him up . If the president ' s family members are aboard , but not the president himself , the flight can , at the discretion of the White House staff or Secret Service , use the callsign Executive One Foxtrot . ' Foxtrot ' is the phonetic alphabet designation for the letter ' F ' , with that being the first letter of ' family ' . Then - First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton was known for using an aircraft designated Executive One Foxtrot to fly into New York City via La Guardia Airport . On January 20 , 2009 , the military helicopter that is normally designated as " Marine One " was given the call sign " Executive One " when it took on George W . Bush , whose term as president had just expired . Executive Two . Executive Two is the call sign designated any United States civil aircraft when the Vice President of the United States is on board . Typically , however , the Vice President flies in military aircraft that are under the command of the Air Mobility Command ' s 89th Airlift Wing , based at Andrews Air Force Base in Prince George ' s County , Maryland . One notable exception was when Nelson Rockefeller was named Gerald Ford ' s Vice President in 1974 . He owned a Gulfstream airplane which he preferred to the DC - 9 which was then being used as Air Force Two . Being a private plane , the Gulfstream ' s call sign was Executive Two when Rockefeller was on board . If the Vice President ' s family members are aboard , but not the Vice President himself , the flight can optionally use the callsign Executive Two Foxtrot .
French ship Scipion ( 1779 ) The Scipion was a French warship of the 18th century , lead ship of her class . " Scipion " took part in the American War of Independence , notably sailing at the rear of the French squadron at the Battle of the Chesapeake . In the Action of 18 October 1782 , under Captain Nicolas Henri de Grimouard , " Scipion " fought gallantly against two British ships of the line of 90 and 74 guns . Through good sailmanship , she managed to damage HMS " London " and escape , but was destroyed the next day after she was chased and ran aground .
M119 howitzer The M119 Howitzer is a lightweight 105mm howitzer used by the United States Army . It can be easily airlifted , even by helicopter , or dropped by parachute . It does not need a recoil pit . Development . The howitzer was designed and produced by the British Royal Ordnance Factories as the L118 / L119 Light Gun . In the L118 configuration , the 105 mm ammunition is cased separate loading ammunition ( not semi - fixed projectile and propelling charge as sometimes stated ) . The L118 entered service with the British Army in 1975 and is used by the Parachute and Commando Field Artillery Regiments . It saw combat during the Falklands War , where the 30 guns in action fired up to 400 rounds per gun per day , mostly at " Charge Super " i . e . the most powerful propellant charge available . The L119 is the L118 reconfigured to fire NATO - standard US / NATO 105 mm semi - fixed ammunition . In 1987 an agreement was reached to produce the L119 under license by the U . S . as the M119 , to replace the M102 howitzer . It entered service with 7th Infantry Division , Fort Ord , California , in December 1989 . Some improvements were made to produce the M119A1 , including increasing its extreme low temperate envelope from - 30 C to - 45C , improving maintainability . The army has renewed contracts for the M119 to be produced by the Rock Island Arsenal - Joint Manufacturing & Technology Center ( RIA - JMTC ) at Rock Island , Illinois into the year 2013 . The M119 is currently fielded with all Regular Army infantry brigades , including those in the 10th Mountain , 25th Infantry , 82nd Airborne , and 101st Airborne Divisions , the 173rd Airborne Brigade , 1st Infantry Division and certain National Guard field artillery battalions . It is routinely airdropped in airborne operations and sling - loaded under Chinook or UH - 60 Black Hawk helicopters in air assault operations . In April 2009 , the M119A2 howitzer was being fielded by the 4th Infantry Combat Brigade of the 3rd Infantry Division to provide better support in operations in Afghanistan and Iraq . It was the only brigade in the division equipped with it , as the other three brigades were " heavy " brigades and therefore equipped with the M109A6 Paladin . In May 2013 , artillerymen at Fort Bragg became the first Army unit to receive the digitized M119A3 howitzer . Ammunition . The M119A1 fires all standard NATO semi - fixed ammunition as well as special rocket - assisted projectiles , including :
Crocea Mors Crocea Mors ( Latin for " Yellow Death " ) was the name given to Julius Caesar ' s sword , according to the legends presented by Geoffrey of Monmouth . In Middle Welsh versions , it is called " Angau Coch " ( " Red Death " ) or " Agheu Glas " ( " Grey Death " ) . The British prince Nennius acquired it when , during single combat with Caesar , it got stuck in his shield . It killed everyone Nennius struck with it . Nennius died fifteen days after the battle of a head wound inflicted by Caesar , and the sword was buried with him .
Peninsula Campaign Union Order of Battle The following Union Army units and commanders were the initial structure on April 4 , 1862 of the Union Department of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War . It contains units both deployed to the Virginia Peninsula and those remaining in the Washington area . The Confederate order of battle is listed separately . Army of the Potomac . The following units were the initial organization of the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula . MG George B . McClellan , Commanding " Headquarters and Body Guard " " Provost Guard " Staff . Col Randolph B . Marcy , Chief of Staff Maj Granville O . Haller , Commandant of General Headquarters Second Corps . BG Edwin Sumner , Commanding < br > Ltc Joseph H . Taylor , Adjutant Third Corps . BG Samuel P . Heintzelman , Commanding < br > Cpt Chauncey McKeever , Chief of Staff Fourth Corps . BG Erasmus D . Keyes , Commanding < br > Ltc Charles C . Suydam Other Troops from the Department of the Potomac . The following troops were part of the Department of the Potomac in March and April 1861 , but were detached to maintain defense of the Potomac River line . First Corps . MG Irvin McDowell , Commanding < br > Ltc Edmund Schriver , Chief of Staff " Unattached Cavalry " " Sharpshooters " Fifth Corps . MG Nathaniel P . Banks , Commanding < br > Cpt Louis H . Pelouze , Acting Assistant Adjutant General " Unattached Infantry " District of Washington . BG James S . Wadsworth , Commanding < br > " Railroad Guards " < br > Col Dixon S . Miles Troops Around Baltimore . MG John A . Dix , Commanding < br > Maj Daniel T . Van Buren , Chief of Staff and Acting Assistant Adjutant General Department of Virginia . MG John E . Wool , Commanding < br > < br >