naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dennis Latimer Captain Dennis Latimer was a World War I flying ace notable for achieving 28 aerial victories , all against enemy fighter plane s . Dennis Latimer was born in Withington , Ireland to James D . and Ida L . Latimer . He was assigned to Number 20 Squadron Royal Flying Corps as a pilot flying a Bristol F . 2B two - seat fighters in early 1918 . On 13 March 1918 , teamed with observer / gunner Lieutenant James John Scaramanga , he scored his first victory , which was the only one he scored in the Royal Flying Corps . After the Royal Air Force was founded on 1 April , Latimer went on to 27 more victories . His observer / gunner for victories 2 to 22 was Lieutenant Tom Cecil Noel , and his final victories were with Sergeant Arthur Ernest Newland as observer . All three of these observers became aces in their own right . On 22 August 1918 , Latimer was flying again with Noel , when they were shot down by " Leutnant " Willi Nebgen of Jagdstaffel 7 . Noel was killed and Latimer was captured . Latimer ' s final total claimed in conjunction with his gunners was 1 aircraft captured , 17 aircraft destroyed ( including one shared victory ) , and 10 ' out of control ' wins ( 2 shared ) .
War of Illusions War of Illusions : German policies from 1911 to 1914 is a book by German historian Fritz Fischer , first published in German in 1969 as " Krieg der Illusionen " . Along with Fischer ' s " Germany ' s Aims in the First World War " the book argues for German responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War .
HMS Rochfort ( 1814 ) HMS " Rochfort " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 6 August 1814 at Milford Haven . She was designed by the French émigré Jean - Louis Barrallier , and was the only ship built to her draught . " Rochfort " was broken up in 1826 .
Camp Eggers Camp Eggers is a United States military base in Kabul , Afghanistan . located near the US Embassy and the Afghan Presidential Palace . The camp is named after Capt . Daniel W . Eggers , a US soldier from the 1st Battalion , 3rd Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) , Fort Bragg , North Carolina , who was killed by an improvised explosive device ( IED ) along with three other soldiers on 29 May 2004 near Kandahar . Overview . Camp Eggers has been home to the Combined Forces Command - Afghanistan ( CFC - A ) , and Combined Security Transition Command - Afghanistan ( CSTC - A ) . CFC - A was disestablished in early - 2007 while CSTC - A continues to train the Afghan National Security Forces ( ANSF ) and are assisting with provincial reconstruction projects such as school reconstruction and road repair . It is used by all U . S . military branches and the International Security Assistance Force ( ISAF ) .
USS Quiros ( PG - 40 ) USS " Quiros " ( PG - 40 ) , a schooner rigged composite gunboat , was laid down for the Spanish Navy by the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company , Hong Kong , China in June 1894 ; launched in early 1895 ; captured by the U . S . Army at Manila in 1898 ; acquired by the Navy 21 February 1900 ; and commissioned at Cavite Navy Yard on 14 March 1900 ; Lt . P . J . Werlich in command . Service history . Assigned to duty supporting the army in the Philippine – American War , " Quiros " operated along the east coast of Luzon , carrying troops , providing fire support , blockading rebel villages , and making hydrographic surveys . The gunboat then switched to patrolling the Ulgan station , operating off the coast of Samar in cooperation with the Army until 6 October 1901 . She retired to Cavite for repairs , 25 February to 7 May 1902 , and then proceeded to Zamboanga patrol station where she cruised for a number of months , carrying troops and marines on various missions . " Quiros " returned to Cavite and decommissioned 29 January 1904 . The gunboat was placed in service once again 2 September 1904 , and following service with the Philippine Squadron sailed for China , arriving Shanghai on 3 August 1905 . Operating along the China coast as far as Chefoo , the warship then took up patrolling the Yangtze River , making a number of upriver trips to Hankow and one voyage as far as Ichang , 900 miles inland , in May 1907 . On 27 February 1908 , " Quiros " sailed for Cavite , arriving 8 March and decommissioned there on the 11th . The warship recommissioned 11 October 1910 and operated on patrol in Philippine waters for the next year . She sailed for Amoy on 11 November 1911 and proceeded to Shanghai where she took up duties on the Yangtze Patrol . " Quiros " remained on Chinese river service for the rest of her career , carrying stores , supplying naval armed guards to river merchantmen , inspecting provinces , and protecting U . S . lives and property throughout China ' s vast interior . The warship was interned at Shanghai on 5 May 1917 after the U . S . entry into World War I , but an international agreement on the protection of nationals in China allowed her to resume patrolling in August . " Quiros " decommissioned at Shanghai on 10 August 1923 and was used as a target until sunk by destroyer gunfire off the China coast 16 October .
USS Patrol No . 1 ( SP - 45 ) USS " Patrol No . 1 " ( SP - 45 ) , often rendered as USS " Patrol # 1 " , was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919 . " Patrol No . 1 " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1916 by Britt Brothers at Lynn , Massachusetts . She was one of five motorboats built to the same design for private owners by Britt Brothers as part of the civilian Preparedness Movement program with an understanding that they would enter U . S . Navy service in time of war , the others being " Patrol No . 2 " , which later became ; " Patrol No . 3 " , which never entered U . S . Navy service ; " Patrol No . 4 " , which later became ; and " Patrol No . 5 " , which later became . The U . S . Navy commissioned " Patrol No . 1 " for service during World War I as USS " Patrol No . 1 " ( SP - 45 ) on 4 May 1917 , formally purchasing her from her owner , A . Loring Sweeney of Boston , Massachusetts on 25 May 1917 . She operated in the 7th Naval District , headquartered at Key West , Florida , on patrol throughout the United States ' participation in World War I . " Patrol No . 1 " was decommissioned postwar and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 13 June 1919 . She was anchored at North Beach Basin at Key West awaiting sale when she was battered to pieces by the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane on 9 – 10 September . Apparently having been reinstated on the Naval Vessel Register since June 1919 , she was stricken from it for a second and final time on 4 October .
Texas Purple Heart Medal The Texas Purple Heart Medal is an award within the Texas Military Forces , within the United States Armed Forces . It is the third highest of the military decoration that may be awarded to a member of the Texas Military Forces after the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor and the Texas Medal of Valor . Eligibility . The Texas Purple Heart Medal may be awarded to members of the Texas Military Forces . Use . The Texas Purple Heart Medal is awarded to any member of the State Military Forces of Texas after 11 September 2001 , who was inducted into federal service from the Texas Military Forces , and meets the criteria for an award of the Federal Purple Heart Medal .
Battle of Dos Ríos The Battle of Dos Ríos was fought in Cuba during its war of independence from Spain . José Martí died fighting in the battle of Dos Ríos ( near Palma Soriano ) . He was leading a group of rebels against the Spanish royalist army in the first skirmish in Cuba ' s struggle for independence from Spain ( see History of Cuba ) . An attempt to recover Martí ' s body was made by the rebels but the Spanish forces were too strong . Cuban forces buried José Martí on May 27 , 1895 in Santiago de Cuba .
USS Victor ( AMc - 109 ) USS " Victor " ( AMc - 109 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Victor " , a wooden - hulled coastal minesweeper , was laid down on 14 July 1941 at Rockland , Maine , by the Snow Shipyard , Inc . ; launched on 6 December 1941 ; sponsored by Miss Virginia Hanson ; and placed in service at the Boston Navy Yard on 17 April 1942 . World War II service . Following training at the Mine Warfare School Yorktown , Virginia , " Victor " operated locally in the Tidewater region for nearly one year before shifting to the 3d Naval District in March 1943 for local operations . After the end of the war with Germany , she moved to Charleston , South Carolina , in June 1945 for mine clearance operations . " Victor " worked locally in the 6th Naval District until placed out of service there on 31 October 1945 . Simultaneously laid up in reserve in the Wando River , the minesweeper was declared surplus and authorized for delivery to the War Shipping Administration ( WSA ) on 5 November for disposal . Struck from the Navy list on 16 November 1945 , the erstwhile minecraft was delivered at Charleston by the WSA to her purchaser , Eugene Mario of Gloucester , Massachusetts , on 28 October 1946 .
Louis McGuffie Louis McGuffie VC ( 15 March 1893 – 4 October 1918 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 25 years old , and an Acting Sergeant in the 1 / 5th Battalion , The King ' s Own Scottish Borderers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 28 September 1918 near Wytschaete , Belgium , during an advance Sergeant McGuffie entered several enemy dug - outs and , single - handed , took many prisoners . During subsequent operations he dealt similarly with dug - out after dug - out , forcing one officer and 25 other ranks to surrender . During the consolidation of the first objective , he pursued and brought back several of the enemy who were slipping away and was also instrumental in rescuing some British soldiers who were being led off as prisoners . Later in the day , while commanding a platoon , he took many more prisoners , but was killed by a shell a few days later . He was killed in action at Wytschaete , Belgium on 4 October 1918 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of The Kings Own Scottish Borderers , Berwick upon Tweed , Northumberland .
USS Saint Croix ( APA - 231 ) USS " Saint Croix " ( APA - 231 ) , was a of the United States Navy , able to carry 1 , 500 troops and their combat equipment , and to land them on a hostile shore using the ship ' s own landing craft . The ship was built by the Kaiser Shipyard in Vancouver , Washington , and launched on 9 November 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Walter E . Hanawalt , and was accepted by the Navy and commissioned on 1 December 1944 ; Capt . Edmond P . Speight in command . Service history . Following a shakedown cruise off the California coast , " Saint Croix " departed San Diego on 31 January 1945 , bound for the South Pacific . She reached Guadalcanal , Solomon Islands , on 16 February ; then carried military passengers and equipment between Guadalcanal and the Florida Islands until 18 March . Among its original crew was James Jackson " Jack " Wiley , of Newburgh NY , a rated radioman . She next sailed to New Caledonia , via the New Hebrides , and reached Nouméa on 26 March . On 3 May , " Saint Croix " sailed for the Philippines with Army troops that she landed near Tarragona , Leyte , on 16 May for mop - up operations . She then made three trips to New Guinea to bring more troops , debarking at Manila on 17 June , and at San Fernando on 14 July and 8 August . The " Saint Croix " was at Manila when hostilities ended . She embarked Army occupation units at Manila and carried them to Japan , arriving at Yokohama on 13 September . Next , she loaded marines at Guam in late September and delivered them to Tsingtao , China , on 11 October . She then sailed to Hai Phong , Indochina ( via Manila ) , to embark Chinese troops for passage to Kaohsiung , Formosa . Back in Manila on 21 November , she embarked American veterans , and delivered them to San Francisco on 16 December . " Saint Croix " then participated in " Operation Crossroads , " the first peacetime testing of the atomic bomb : she left the west coast in February 1946 and served as an advance station ship for the operation , which exploded nuclear devices at Bikini Atoll on 1 July and 25 July . " Saint Croix " returned to the west coast in August 1946 and , except for a voyage to Pearl Harbor in January 1947 , remained there until she was decommissioned on 7 April 1947 . She then transferred to the Maritime Commission and was placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay , California . The ex - " Saint Croix " was sold for scrap in late 1979 .
SS Taiping ( 1926 ) Taiping was a 4 , 324 tons steam ship built by Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company , Hong Kong in 1926 for the Australian Oriental Line . Operational history . " Taiping " was requisitioned by the Royal Navy as a Victualling Stores Issuing Ship in 1941 . She was returned to her owners in 1947 . Fate . " Taiping " was broken up at Hong Kong in October 1961 .
Chadian Armed Forces The Chadian Armed Forces ( " Forces Armées Tchadiennes " or FAT ) were the army of the central government of Chad from 1960 to 1979 , under the southern presidents François Tombalbaye and Félix Malloum , until the downfall of the latter in 1979 , when the head of the " gendarmerie " , Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué , assumed command . Joined by gendarmerie units , FAT became a regional force representing primarily the Sara ethnic group of the five southern prefectures . It joined with the Transitional Government of National Unity ( GUNT ) forces fighting against Hissène Habré and was a recipient of aid from Libya . FAT began to disintegrate during 1982 as a result of defeats inflicted by Habré ' s Armed Forces of the North ( FAN ) . Most remaining soldiers accepted integration into FAN or resumed their insurgency as " codos " . Military statistics . The Armed Forces of Chad have around 2 . 2 million women available to be drafted into their military as well as around 1 . 9 million men . People are considered fit for military service in Chad at the age of 20 . People in Chad can volunteer to join the military at age 18 , however if you wait until age 20 there is a 3 - year service obligation . There is also no minimum age for volunteers as long as guardian consent is given . Women in Chad are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at the age of 21 . The military of Chad is divided into 3 main branches . The Chadian National Army , The Chadian Air Force , and the Gendarmerie . The government of Chad spends around 4 . 2 % of their GDP on their armed forces . The Chadian Armed Forces spend about One - Hundred and One million dollars in military spending . The Chadian Armed Forces are ranked eleventh overall recent military growth .
Abu Nasir ( alleged terrorist ) Abu Nasir ( died June 10 , 2006 ) is an alleged Islamic terrorist killed in combat in Pakistani Waziristan on June 10 , 2006 . A June 11 , 2006 article in " Al Jazeera " described abu Nasir as " an insurgent commander " , and said he was an Arab . It reported that twenty - two of the other men killed in the attack were Arabs , and that seven local Pakistani fighters and three Uzbeks . Fahd Muhammed Abdullah Al Fouzan was in extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp s , in Cuba , because he is alleged to have attended an " Abu Nasir military camp " .
AN M18 The M18 Colored Smoke Grenade is a US Army grenade used as a ground - to - ground or ground - to - air signaling device , a target or landing zone marking device , or a screening device for unit maneuvering . The M18 replaced the World War II M16 which did not burn as long as vividly . It is not designated the " AN - M18 " but " M18 . " It can be seen repeatedly in the film " Apocalypse Now " ( 1979 ) . It was discovered in Vietnam that the green smoke drove away swarming bees . Potential hazard . With both the white AN - M8 and M18 , there is a danger of starting a fire if it is used in a dry area . Expended smoke grenade canisters remain hot for some time after burning out and should not be picked up bare - handed . New smoke mixtures are under development that are less harmful if the smoke is inhaled for prolong periods . In enclosed spaces the smoke displaces oxygen and can cause respiratory or oxygen deprivation .
Battle of Faenza The Battle of Faenza or Battle of Castel Bolognese on 3 or 4 February 1797 saw a 7 , 000 - man force from the Papal States commanded by Michelangelo Alessandro Colli - Marchi face a 9 , 000 - strong French corps under Claude Victor - Perrin . The veteran French troops decisively defeated the Papal army , inflicting disproportionate casualties . The town of Castel Bolognese is located on the banks of the Senio River southeast of Bologna . The city of Faenza is nearby . The action took place during the War of the First Coalition , part of the French Revolutionary Wars . History . The Siege of Mantua came to an end on 2 February 1797 , when Austrian Feldmarschall Dagobert Sigismund von Würmser capitulated to the army of General of Division Napoleon Bonaparte . Only 16 , 000 members of the garrison were capable of marching out as prisoners of war . Leaving General of Division Jean - Mathieu - Philibert Sérurier to handle the surrender , Bonaparte invaded the Romagna , part of the Papal States . The Papal army was led by Austrian Feldmarschall - Leutnant Michelangelo Alessandro Colli - Marchi , a veteran of the Seven Years ' War . Colli had served in the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia - Piedmont from 1793 to 1796 and had faced Bonaparte in the Montenotte Campaign . He was an intelligent and capable officer , but because of old wounds he sometimes had to be carried on a stretcher . On 3 February , Victor brought Colli ' s troops to battle on the Senio at Castel Bolognese near Faenza . The French made short work of their adversaries . For an admitted loss of about 100 casualties , Victor ' s soldiers inflicted 800 killed and wounded on the Papal troops . In addition , the French captured 1 , 200 men , 14 artillery pieces , eight caissons , and eight colors . Victor ' s corps included a grenadier reserve commanded by General of Brigade Jean Lannes . The port of Ancona surrendered to Victor on 9 February with its Papal garrison of 1 , 200 men and 120 guns . There were no French casualties . By the Treaty of Tolentino on 19 February , Pope Pius VI was forced to deliver works of art , treasures , territory , and 30 million francs to France . In literature . The defeat was recorded not only by revolutionaries such as Francesco Saverio Salfi ( who wrote a satirical pantomime about it ) , but also with sarcasm by the reactionary count Monaldo Leopardi and much later by Giacomo Leopardi .
Arved Crüger Arved Crüger ( 25 June 1911 – 22 March 1942 ) was a " Luftwaffe " wing commander during World War II and Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross recipient . He married the German movie actress Carola Höhn in 1941 . He was appointed " Geschwaderkommodore " ( Wing Commander ) of Kampfgeschwader 77 ( KG 77 — 77th Bomber Wing ) in 1942 . Crüger was posted as missing in action on 22 March 1942 . Military career . Gustav - Arved Crüger was born on 25 June 1911 in Pillau , district of Samland in East Prussia . He joined the military service as a " Fahnenjunker " ( Officer Cadet ) in the 2nd Infantry Regiment ( " Infanterie - Regiment 2 " ) on 1 April 1931 . He the attended the infantry school in Dresden from 1 October 1932 until 1 June 1933 . With graduation he was promoted to " Fähnrich " and transferred to the 6th Communications - Department ( " Nachrichtenabteilung 6 " ) . He then attended the Artillery School in Jüterbog before transferring to the Luftwaffe in 1934 . " Hauptmann " Arved Crüger received the Knight ' s Cross to the Iron Cross ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes " ) on 19 June 1940 in recognition of his leadership as " Staffelkapitän " of the 5th " Staffel " ( Squadron ) of Kampfgeschwader 30 ( KG 30 — 30th Bomber Wing ) during the anti - shipping campaign against the British Home Fleet and during the Battle of France . On 29 March 1941 Crüger and led his group in an attack against a British task force southwest of Crete . The group claimed three hits on the aircraft carrier HMS " Formidable " earning him a reference on 30 March 1941 in the " Wehrmachtbericht " ( armed forces report ) , an information bulletin issued by the headquarters of the Wehrmacht . To be singled out individually in this way was an honour and was entered in the Orders and Decorations ' section of a soldier ' s Service Record Book . Crüger married the German actress Carola Höhn in April 1941 . The marriage produced a posthumous son , Arved - Michael , who was born in June 1942 . After his wedding vacation Crüger took command as " Geschwaderkommodore " of the Schnellkampfgeschwader 210 on 30 September 1941 at the Eastern front . He then became " Geschwaderkommodore " of Kampfgeschwader 77 on 13 March 1942 . Fighting in the Mediterranean theater of operations Crüger went missing in action on 22 March 1942 . Flying the Junkers Ju 88 A - 4 3Z + AA ( " Werknummer " 8627 — factory number ) he failed to return from a combat mission against the British forces on Malta . Crüger and his crew appear to have been shot down by Royal Naval AA fire while attacking shipping en route to Malta .
McDowell Confederate order of battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of McDowell of the American Civil War . The Union order of battle is listed separately . Jackson ' s Command . MG Thomas J . Jackson Valley District . MG Thomas J . Jackson Army of the Northwest . BG Edward " Allegheny " Johnson ( w )
USNS Benavidez ( T - AKR - 306 ) USNS " Benavidez " ( T - AKR - 306 ) is a " Bob Hope " - class roll on roll off vehicle cargo ship of the United States Navy . She was built by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems , New Orleans and delivered to the Navy on 10 September 2003 . They assigned her to the United States Department of Defense ' s Military Sealift Command . " Benavidez " is named for Medal of Honor recipient Master Sergeant Roy P . Benavidez , and is one of 11 Surge LMSRs operated by a private company under contract to the Military Sealift Command . She is assigned to the MSC Atlantic surge force and is maintained in Ready Operational Status 4 .
Michael Thornton ( Medal of Honor ) Michael Thornton ( 1856 – ? ? ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Born in 1856 in Ireland , Thornton immigrated to the United States and joined the Navy from Pennsylvania . By August 26 , 1881 , he was serving as a seaman on the tugboat . On that day , while " Leyden " was near Boston , Massachusetts , Landsman Michael Drennan jumped overboard because he was " temporarily insane " . Thornton jumped in after him and kept him afloat until they could be rescued . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor three years later , on October 18 , 1884 . Thornton ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For jumping overboard from the U . S . Tug " Leyden " , near Boston , Mass . , 26 August 1881 , and sustaining until picked up , Michael Drennan , landsman , who had jumped overboard while temporarily insane .