naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Salon - de - Provence Air Base Salon - de - Provence Air Base ( or BA 701 ) is a base of the French Air Force located south Salon - de - Provence in southern France . Overview . It hosts the training facilities for the officers of the air force : It hosts the demonstration formations of the French Air Force , including the " Patrouille de France " . In addition , it hosts a school of the French Navy : the school of Naval Aviation ( EAN ) . World War II . Salon - de - Provence Air Base is a pre - World War II airfield , which was used by the Armée de l ' Air during the early part of the war . It was briefly a base for RAF Bomber Command Wellingtons , which were sent to Salon from England , for raids on the Italian port of Genoa , as a part of Operation Haddock . After the 1940 Battle of France and the June Armistice with Nazi Germany , it became part of the limited ( ) air force of the Vichy Government . Known Vichy units at Salon - de - Provence were : On 11 November 1942 , Salon - de - Provence Air Base was seized by Nazi forces as part of Case Anton , the occupation of Vicy and the Luftwaffe took control of the base . Under German control , the base became a bomber airfield for anti - shipping operations over the Mediterranean against American Convoys , and later , attacking Allied forces on Corsica and Sardinia after their capture from Italian forces ( Regio Esercito ) during 1943 . Known units assigned were : It was attacked on several missions by Allied bombers based in England while under German control . The airfield was sized by Allied Forces in August 1944 during Operation Dragoon , the Invasion of Southern France in August 1944 and was repaired and placed into operational use by the United States Army Air Forces XII Engineer Command , being turned over to Twelfth Air Force on 28 August 1944 . It was designated as Advanced Landing Ground " Y - 16 Salon " . Twelfth Air Force stationed the 27th Fighter Squadron at the repaired field from 30 August , flying A - 36 Apache s until moving north into eastern France in October . Also the 47th Bombardment Group flew A - 20 Havoc light bombers from the field during September . The use by American forces of the airfield was brief , and on 20 November 1944 it was returned to French control .
Bruno Frankewitz Bruno Frankewitz ( 8 December 1897 – 11 August 1982 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 215 . Infanterie - Division . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Bruno Frankewitz was captured by American troops in May 1945 and was held until 1947 .
October - class missile boat The Egyptian Navy wanting to acquire a cheap alternative for the aging Komar class missile boat s , decided to build a modern missile boat based on the Komar hull design with modifications and upgrades in the Alexandria Shipyards in the late 1970s . All six units built were fitted with British machinery , Italian radars , navigational equipment , electronic suite and missiles . Description . Two units were stricken in 1990s . References . http : / / www . hazegray . org / worldnav / africa / egypt . htm
Vympel Vympel ( " pennant " in Russian , originated from Dutch " wimpel " , and having the same meaning ) , also known as " KGB Directorate " B " " , Vega Group , Spetsgruppa V or Group B ( Cyrillic for V ) is an elite Russian spetsnaz unit under the command of the FSB . History . The exact lineage of Vympel is not known but the unit was formed in 1981 by the KGB Gen . Drozdov within the First Chief Directorate of the KGB , as a dedicated spetsnaz unit specialised in deep penetration , sabotage , universal direct and covert action , protection of Soviet embassies and espionage cell activation in case of war . Most of the Vympel operatives mastered two or three foreign languages since they were intended to act in foreign countries , deep behind enemy lines . Vympel quickly gained the reputation of being among the best Soviet special forces units , surpassing its GRU and MVD counterparts . However , after the collapse of the USSR , Vympel was decimated by endless re - organisation and re - definition . It passed under the aegis of the Security Ministry before being receded to the GUO ( the two institutions were short - lived offspring of the ex - KGB during the Boris Yeltsin era ) and finally passed to the MVD ( Interior Ministry ) . However , the " militsiya " had no use for such a unit . The bulk of the Vympel operatives could not stand the humiliation of being subordinated to the police , and duly resigned : of 278 officers , only 57 chose to remain within the MVD . The unit was renamed " Vega . " In 1995 , the FSB Special Operations Center ( TsSN FSB ) was granted control over Vympel . The group regained its original name and was reintegrated into the Intelligence Service structures . The emphasis shifted from covert and clandestine sabotage operations to counter - terrorism and nuclear safety enforcement . Vympel operatives undergo special training related to improvised or special explosive devices , permitting them to use " terrorist - like " tactics to carry out their operations . Physical training includes close hand combat , parachute training , diving , underwater combat techniques , climbing , and alpine rope techniques . Regional groups of Vympel were deployed in cities with especially important nuclear facilities . Vympel ( i . e . the Directorate " V " of the TsSN FSB ) is still a classified and secretive unit . It took part in Russia ' s Chechen campaigns and in storming of the Supreme Soviet building during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis . Little is known about its current operations and activities , the exception being the capture of the Chechen militant leader Salman Raduyev in March 2000 and the assault on the school in Beslan in September 2004 . Training . Vympel training is the same as Alpha Group . All Vympel operatives are trained in tactical operations , parachuting , driving various vehicles , trained in methods of intelligence gathering , and other specialized skills .
Dutch ship De Zeven Provinciën ( 1665 ) De Zeven Provinciën was a Dutch ship of the line , originally armed with 80 guns . The name of the ship was also written as " De 7 Provinciën " . The literal translation is " " The Seven Provinces " " , the name referring to the fact that the Dutch Republic in the 17th century was a confederation of seven autonomous provinces . The vessel was originally built in 1664 - 65 for the Admiralty of de Maeze in Rotterdam , by Master Shipbuilder Salomon Jansz van den Tempel . The ship served as Admiral Michiel de Ruyter ' s flagship during the Second Anglo - Dutch War , taking part in the hard fought Dutch victory in the Four Days Fight , the bitter defeat at the St . James ' s Day Battle , and acting as a command post as well as blockading the Thames during the Raid on the Medway . The vessel gave a good account of itself throughout the war , although it was partially dismasted during the Four Day ' s Fight . De Ruyter used " De Zeven Provinciën " as his flagship during the Third Anglo - Dutch War of 1672 - 1673 . The ship served in all four major battles against the combined English and French fleet , fighting in the Battle of Solebay , the first and second Battle of Schooneveld and , in possibly its greatest moment , at the Battle of the Texel . In 1692 , the ship , now armed with only 76 guns , fought at the Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue during the War of the Grand Alliance . The vessel was severely damaged during the fight and , in 1694 , " De Zeven Provinciën " had to be broken up . " De Zeven Provinciën " measured , in English Feet , approximately 151 ft long by about wide by a little over deep . It was originally armed with 12 36 - pdrs and 16 24 - pdrs on the lower deck ( although this had been changed to an all 36 - pdr battery by the time of the Third Anglo - Dutch War ) , 14 18 - pdrs and 12 12 - pdrs on the upper deck , and 26 6 - pdrs on the forecastle , quarterdeck , and poop deck . In 1995 a full - size replica of the ship was started at the Batavia - werf ( docks ) in Lelystad ; but due to heavy technical problems that work was completely wrecked . As of 2008 , a new replica is being constructed . On the evening of October 13 , 2008 a fire ripped through the Batavia - werf . Although the sailmaking shed , several office buildings and part of a restaurant were destroyed , as were the sails of fellow replica ship " Batavia " , the replica of " De Zeven Provinciën " nearby was undamaged .
Stalin ' s ten blows Stalin ' s ten blows ( Also Stalin ' s ten victories , Ten victories of the Red Army , rus . Десять сталинских ударов ) is a term for ten successful strategic offensives conducted by the Red Army in 1944 . The Soviet offensives drove the Axis forces back from positions held near Leningrad , Belarus , and Ukraine to Poland and Central Europe . History of the expression . The term was heard for the first time in November 1944 from Joseph Stalin in his speech " 27th anniversary of the Great October socialist revolution " ( ) during the 1944 meeting of the Moscow ' s Soviet deputies . The term was coined as a reflection of the " cult of personality " that prevailed in Soviet Union at the time . It did not reflect specific strategic planning of the Stavka , and at times had been called the " Year of twelve victories , " based on the order issued by Stalin on the following day , authorizing the firing of artillery salute s with 24 guns in twelve cities of the Soviet Union : Moscow , Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Petrozavodsk , Tallinn , Riga , Vilnus , Kishinev , Tbilisi , Sevastopol , and Lvov . The term was discontinued in use after Nikita Khrushchev ' s Secret speech denouncing Stalin and ending his " cult of personality " following his death . Background . After the collapse of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad , the Soviet counter - offensives and the Battle of Kursk later in 1943 , it became apparent that the tide of war was turning against Germany . Soviet forces were , all along the front , approaching the pre - war border . Partly because of Führer Directive No . 51 , which funneled all new men and materials to the Western Front , to meet the expected Allied Invasion , issued on 3 November 1943 , Axis forces along the Eastern Front were severely inadequately equipped in comparison to their Soviet opponents , reinforcements were rare , and reserves were stretched thin . Although in this directive Hitler implied that he might be willing to allow withdraws , trading space for time , this proved to be false . This , combined with Hitler ' s insistence on holding onto captured territory at all costs , made Soviet victories in 1944 nearly inevitable .
Hau Pei - tsun Hau Pei - tsun ( ; born 13 July 1919 ) was the Premier of the Republic of China from May 30 , 1990 to February 10 , 1993 and a 4 - star general in the ROC Army . Biography . Born to a well - to - do family in Yancheng , Jiangsu , Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy , Chinese Army University , U . S . Army Command and General Staff College , and the War College , Armed Forces University . Hau was appointed an artillery officer in 1938 , and served in the Chinese expeditionary forces in India during World War II . In the subsequent Chinese Civil War he was a staff officer . As commander of the 9th Infantry Division from 1958 to 1961 , Hau presided over the 44 - day bombardment of Quemoy by the People ' s Liberation Army . He commanded the 3rd Corps from 1963 to 1965 , served as Chief Aide to Chiang Kai - shek from 1965 to 1970 . He continued his army career as Commander of the 1st Field Army from 1970 to 1973 , Deputy Commander - in - Chief of the ROC Army from 1975 to 1977 , Executive Vice Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1977 to 1978 , Commander - in - Chief of the ROC Army 1978 to 1981 , and Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1981 to 1989 . He was a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang from 1984 to 1993 and served as Minister of National Defense from 1989 until 1990 when he was appointed Premier . He was appointed by President Lee Teng - hui in part to mollify the conservative mainlander faction within the KMT that had threatened to run a rival presidential ticket in the March 1990 election . Hau ' s appointment sparked protests by those who believed it marked retrogression toward military rule , while President Lee defended his decision by saying he valued Hau ' s tough stance on crime . As premier he held high approval ratings ( even higher than Lee ' s ) - he was tough on crime and promoted a multi - billion - dollar economic development plan to industrialize Taiwan . Hau submitted his resignation in January 1993 after the KMT ' s poor showing in the 1992 Legislative Yuan election . Appointed as one of four vice - chairmen of the KMT in the 14th Party Congress ( immediately following the defection of the New Kuomintang Alliance ) in another effort by Lee to pacify the mainlander faction , Hau served from 1993 to 1995 . In the 1996 elections , he ran for vice - president as an independent on the ticket of Lin Yang - kang and had his KMT membership " cancelled " ( just short of being " expelled " ) . His party membership was restored in 2005 . He married Kuo Wan - hua and has two sons and three daughters . One of his sons is politician Hau Lung - pin , the former chairman of the New Party , and incumbent Mayor of Taipei .
Elcho Castle Elcho Castle ) is located a short distance above the south bank of the River Tay approximately four miles south - east of Perth , Scotland . It consists of a Z - plan tower house , with fragments of a surrounding wall with corner towers . The Castle was built on the site of an older structure about 1560 , and is one of the best surviving examples of its date in Scotland . A large portion of the Castle is accessible , although floors in some rooms have fallen , and much of the building can be walked through . The wall - walk is accessible at two points . The property is still owned by the family of the original builders , the Wemyss family ( the style of the heir to the Earl of Wemyss is Lord Elcho ) , though it has not been inhabited for some 200 years . It has nevertheless been kept in good repair - one of the earliest examples in Scotland of a building being preserved purely for its historical interest . It is managed by Historic Scotland and is open to visitors throughout the summer . There is an entrance charge . An apple - and pear - tree orchard adjoining the Castle has been replanted in recent years , and a 16th - century ' beehive ' doo ' cot ( Scots for dovecot ) survives nearby .
Stefan Sznuk Stefan Sznuk , OC ( 1896 – May 6 , 1986 ) was a pioneering Polish aviator , as well as an Air Force Major - General and was among the first to join the new Polish Air Force in 1919 . Born in Warsaw , he was educated at the Warsaw University of Technology . He fought in World War I for Imperial Russia and later , after the Russian revolution , with the counterrevolutionary White Russians . During the Polish Defensive War of 1939 , he was staff officer and commander of the Polish Air Forces in the Army Kraków , then in the Army Lublin . He escaped to Romania , later to France and Great Britain . In London he became the Chief Inspector of the Staff of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain . Addressing the language problems of each nation controlling its own trainees during the 1942 Ottawa Air Training Conference ( British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ) of 14 United Nations countries that was designed to coordinate future air power ; Poland ' s Group Captain Stefan Sznuk explained : " Only in one instance does a Polish airman speak this language distinctly and with the proper accent — it is when he speaks to the enemy using the eloquent language of the twelve English - made machine guns of his fighter plane . " Sznuk was the last Polish Army and Air Force attaché in Canada before the Soviet - control of the nation . After the demobilization of the Polish Army he settled down in Canada . He helped over 4 , 500 Polish veterans emigrate to Canada after World War II and was active in the Polish community as Vice - President of the Canadian Polish Congress . In 1970 , he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . He died on 1986 - 05 - 06 in Ottawa , and was buried in the Notre - Dame Cemetery ( Ottawa ) .
Harry Scandrett Lieutenant Harry Scandrett ( born 1892 ) was a Royal Flying Corps ace credited with seven aerial victories , and who was active in the period 1916 - 1917 . Early life . Harry was born at Kew in South West London , England , in September 1892 . At the outbreak of World War I he was living in Strawberry Hill , London . Military career . In late 1916 , Scandrett was flying with 25 Squadron , in France , as observer / gunner in an Royal Aircraft Factory F . E . 2 , reconnaissance biplane . On 17 November , he scored his only victory with this squadron , and it may be the only occasion that he witnessed the destruction of the enemy aircraft . Harry Scandrett was returned to England for pilot training in 1917 , gaining his flying certificate and joining 11 Squadron as a Bristol F . 2 Fighter pilot . Scandrett scored six victories between July and September , 1917 . All his victories occurred in the afternoon and all enemy aircraft were Fokker D . V s . No particular reason is known for Scandrett ' s withdrawal from action , though it may be that he retired injured . Post war life . After the war , Harry lived for several decades in Durlston Road , Kingston - Upon - Thames .
Spanish submarine Tramontana ( S74 ) " Tramontana " ( S74 ) is an built for the Spanish Navy by Bazán at Cartagena , Spain . The submarine was launched in 1984 , commissioned in 1985 , and is currently active with the Spanish Navy . On March 22 , 2011 , it was deployed as part of Spanish contribution to the multi - national task force enforcing UN resolution 1973 " to take all necessary measures to protect civilians under threat of attack " in Libya .
USS Hero ( 1861 ) USS " Hero " ( 1861 ) , a wooden schooner , was purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War at Baltimore , Maryland , 13 August 1861 to obstruct inlets to Pamlico Sound , North Carolina , near Cape Hatteras . She was apparently sunk in Ocracoke Inlet 14 November 1861 with two other schooners of the stone fleet .
Battle of Dathin The Battle of Dathin ( ) was a minor battle during the Arab – Byzantine Wars between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire in February 634 , but became very famous in the literature of the period . The battle took place following a series of Arab raids around Gaza . The Byzantine commander ( " dux " and " candidatus " ) Sergius assembled a small detachment of soldiers ( due to shortness of troops ) , and led that mounted army from his base at Caesarea some 125 kilometers south to the vicinity of Gaza . From there he proceeded against an Arab force that was likely numerically superior and commanded by Abu Umamah al - Bahili . The opposing forces met at the village of Dathin on February 4 , 634 AD , not far from Gaza . The Byzantine were defeated and the " candidatus " Sergius himself was killed , together with 300 of his soldiers . According to the near - contemporary " Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati " , the Muslim victory was celebrated by the local Jews , who had been a persecuted minority within the Roman Empire .
Forensic seismology Forensic seismology is the forensic use of the techniques of seismology to detect and study distant phenomena , particularly explosion s , including those of nuclear weapons . Because of the efficiency with which seismic waves propagate through the Earth and the technical difficulties of decoupling explosions to diminish their seismic radiation , forensic seismology is a critical technique in the enforcement of bans on underground nuclear testing . In addition to nuclear explosions , the signatures of many other kinds of explosions can also be detected and analyzed by forensic seismology , and even other phenomena such as ocean waves ( the global microseism ) , the movement of icebergs across the sea floor or in collision with other icebergs , or explosions within submarines . Organizations with expertise in forensic seismology include AWE Blacknest , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Sandia National Laboratory , and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . References .
Gettysburg Confederate order of battle The Confederate order of battle during the Battle of Gettysburg includes the American Civil War officers and men of the Army of Northern Virginia ( multiple commander names indicate command succession during the three - day battle ( July 1 – 3 , 1863 ) . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle , the casualty returns and the reports . Army of Northern Virginia . General Robert E . Lee , Commanding General Staff : General Headquarters : First Corps . LTG James Longstreet , Commanding General Staff : Second Corps . LTG Richard S . Ewell , Commanding General Staff : Third Corps . LTG Ambrose P . Hill , Commanding General Staff :
HMS Investigator ( 1811 ) HMS " Investigator " was a 16 - gun survey brig of the Royal Navy . She was built at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 23 April 1811 . She was converted to a police ship in March 1837 . She was subsequently broken up in October 1857 .
Treaty of London ( 1827 ) The Treaty of London was signed by the United Kingdom , France , and Russia on 6 July 1827 . The three main European powers had called upon Greece and the Ottoman Empire ( Turkey ) to cease hostilities that had been going on since the Greeks had revolted against Ottoman rule on March 6 , 1821 . After years of negotiation , the European allied powers had finally decided to intervene in the war on the side of the Greeks . The allied powers mainly wanted this treaty to cause the Ottoman Empire to create an independent Greek state . It stated that while the Ottoman Empire should recognize the independence of Greece , the Sultan would be the supreme ruler of Greece . However , the Ottoman Empire , basing its decision upon its ( supposedly ) superior naval force , declined to accept the treaty . The London Treaty of July 6 , 1827 , allowed the three European powers to intervene together on behalf of the Greeks in the naval Battle of Navarino . At Navarino , on October 20 , 1827 , the allied powers crushed the combined Ottoman / Egyptian fleet in a spectacular victory which forcefully and effectively created an independent Greek state . The Treaty of London ( 1827 ) also bound Russia to a promise not to attempt any territorial aggrandisement at the expense of Turkey and / or secure any exclusive commercial advantage from Turkey as the result of any subsequent Russian war with Turkey . The war between Russia and Turkey anticipated by the Treaty , actually broke out in June 1828 when Russian Troops crossed the Danube into the Ottoman controlled province of Dobruja . This war became the Russo - Turkish War of 1828 - 1829 . The Treaty of Adrianople was signed by Russia and Turkey on September 14 , 1829 , ending the Russo - Turkish War . On top of recognizing the independence of Greece , Turkey was forced by the Treaty to give the Danube Delta and its islands , and a considerable portion of the Black Sea south of the Kuban estuary over to Russia . Because of these new territorial arrangements and the other articles contained in the treaty , Britain and the other European powers came to regard the Treaty of Adrianople as infringing on the promises that Russia had made in the Treaty of 1827 .