naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Ruge Friedrich Oskar Ruge ( 24 December 1894 – 3 July 1985 ) was an officer in the German Navy and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Life . Friedrich Ruge was the son and grandson of German educators . Joining the Imperial German Navy as a cadet in March 1914 , he was soon a participant in the 1914 , 1915 , and 1916 Baltic Sea operations . In 1917 and 1918 , he sailed with the destroyer raids in the North Sea and English Channel . After the armistice , Ruge was an officer aboard the German destroyer B - 112 , interned at Scapa Flow and in June 1919 , he played a role in the scuttling of the German Fleet . Returning to Germany to continue his naval career in the service of the new Weimar Republic , for the next two decades he concentrated on mines and mine warfare . From 1921 to 1923 , he commanded a minesweeper . After studies at Berlin Institute of Technology , he was the senior officer of a flotilla of minesweepers , and , in 1937 , achieved the top post in that division . In World War II , he was a part of the Polish Campaign in 1939 and the North Sea - English Channel operations during 1940 . From 1940 to 1943 , he was stationed in France , rising through the upper ranks to become Vice Admiral in 1943 . Sent to Italy in 1943 , he served as Senior German Naval Officer until mid - summer . He was appointed as Naval Advisor to Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in November 1943 . In August 1944 , he became the Kriegsmarine ' s Director of Ship Construction , a position in which he served till the end of World War II . At the end World War II , he became a POW . In 1946 , he started a new life as a translator , writer and educator in Cuxhaven . He was one of four Flag Officers who made up the Naval Historical Team at Bremerhaven , sponsored by the United States Navy . He entered politics as a political independent to the Cuxhaven Town Council . During the early 1950s , he advised as to how the navy could be restructured in the new Bundesmarine , as detailed in Searle ' s " Wehrmacht Generals " . Called out of retirement when Germany became a part of NATO , Ruge was appointed Inspector of the Bundesmarine ( a position similar to the U . S . Chief of Naval Operations ) , a post he occupied until 1961 . Afterward , he became a member of the faculty at the University of Tübingen , eventually becoming an Associate Professor on 21 July 1967 there . He was a guest lecturer at many universities , including the U . S . Naval War College at Newport . Admiral Ruge was one of the umpires for the 1974 on Operation Sea Lion . He died in 1985 . Literary works . Ruge was the author of several books , including " The Soviets as Naval Opponents , 1941 - 1945 " , written for Annapolis Naval Institute in 1979 , and " Rommel in Normandy " , written in 1984 . Quoted at Normandy : " Utilization of the Anglo - American air forces is the modern type of warfare , turning the flank not from the side but from above . " In the movie " The Longest Day " ( 1962 ) , he played himself , and was a consultant to the film .
List of wars by death toll " See also : " List of genocides by death toll This list of wars by death toll includes death toll estimates of all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by war . These numbers usually include both the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of battle or other military wartime actions , as well as the wartime / war - related deaths of civilians , which are the results of war induced epidemics , diseases , famines , atrocities , genocide etc . < br > " This is a very incomplete list of wars ( an estimated 3 , 023 wars have taken place in recorded human history and 398 are recorded here ) . "
David Hurley General David John Hurley ( born 26 August 1953 ) is a senior officer in the Australian Defence Force , currently serving in the position of Chief of the Defence Force ( CDF ) . Hurley succeeded Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston as CDF on 4 July 2011 . Personal . David Hurley was born in Wollongong , New South Wales , on 26 August 1953 . He holds the academic qualifications of Bachelor of Arts and Graduate Diploma in Defence Studies . He is married to Linda and has three children . Career . Hurley joined the ADF in January 1972 and graduated from the Royal Military College , Duntroon in December 1975 into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps . His initial posting was to the 1st Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment ( 1RAR ) . Promoted to captain , he was appointed Adjutant of the Sydney University Regiment before becoming Regimental Adjutant of the Royal Australian Regiment . He went on exchange to the 1st Battalion , Irish Guards ( British Army ) before serving with 5th / 7th Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment ( 5 / 7 RAR ) . Promoted to lieutenant colonel , he was posted as the Senior Career Adviser ( Armour , Artillery , Engineers and Infantry ) in the Office of the Military Secretary in 1990 , appointed SO1 ( Operations ) Headquarters 2nd Division in early 1991 and in November 1991 assumed command of 1 RAR which he led during Operation SOLACE ( Somalia ) in 1993 . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for this service . In 1994 he became SO1 ( Operations ) , Headquarters 1st Division . Following promotion to colonel , he was appointed Chief of Staff , Headquarters 1st Division in June 1994 , attended the U . S . Army War College in 1996 and 1997 , became Military Secretary to Chief of Army , and was posted to Australian Defence Headquarters as Director of Preparedness and Mobilisation in December 1997 . As a brigadier , he assumed command of the 1st Brigade in Darwin in January 1999 . During this period he oversaw the Brigade ' s transition to a higher degree of operational readiness and its support to Australian led operations in East Timor . He went on to be Director General Land Development within Capability Systems in January 2001 . He was promoted to major general in 2001 and served as Head Capability Systems Division from July 2001 , and as Land Commander Australia ( LCAUST ) from December 2002 . Promoted to lieutenant general , he assumed the new appointment of Chief of Capability Development Group ( CCDG ) in December 2003 , went on to take the newly separated appointment of Chief of Joint Operations ( CJOPS ) in September 2007 , and became Vice Chief of the Defence Force ( VCDF ) in July 2008 . He was promoted to ( full ) general and took his present role of Chief of the Defence Force ( CDF ) in July 2011 . In January 2012 he completed 40 years service to the ADF , and on 20 January whilst in Paris , he was presented with the insignia for Officer of the ( French ) Legion of Honour by the French CDF . In February he was presented with his fifth bar to the Defence Force Service Medal , and with the DFSM ribbon with the Federation Star , in recognition of his 40 years of service .
Cosme Damián de Churruca y Elorza Cosme Damián de Churruca y Elorza ( born in Mutriku , 27 September 1761 ; died at the Battle of Trafalgar , 21 October 1805 ) was a Spanish noble , an Admiral of the Royal Spanish Armada , a scientist and Major of Mutriku , who died at the Battle of Trafalgar while commanding the ship of the line " San Juan Nepomuceno " . He received his early years education in the Seminary of Burgos . Then , he entered the School of Bergara . Once he finished his studies , he joined the Naval Academy of Cadiz in 1776 , and got his degree in the Naval Academy of Ferrol in 1778 , becoming a naval officer . In 1781 , Cosme Damián de Churruca , as an officer of the Spanish Navy , performed heroically in a siege of Gibraltar . In 1805 , a few months before his death , Churruca married María Dolores Ruiz de Apodaca , niece of Juan Ruiz de Apodaca , in 1797 . Doña María was only 19 when Churruca died . He commanded the 74 - gun " San Juan Nepomuceno " in the Battle of Trafalgar , when a cannonball caused him injuries that cost him his life . It seems that he made true the words he said before the battle : Churruca , whose leg had been torn off by a cannonball , the deck of his ship covered by the blood of his wounded and dead seamen , continued to voice the command " fire " . After Trafalgar , the ship was taken into British service as HMS " San Juan " and served as a supply hulk for many years at Gibraltar . In honour of Churruca ' s courage , the cabin he had occupied while alive bore his name on a brass plate , and all who entered it were required to remove their hats as a mark of respect for a gallant enemy .
Max Wielen Max Ernst Gustav Friedrich Wielen ( born March 3 , 1883 ) was the Kripo police chief at Breslau . He was sentenced to life imprisonment by the War Trials Commission but served only a few years of his sentence and was released October 24 , 1952 . . Wielen is significant in that he was directly implicated in the Stalag Luft III murders , in which members of the RAF who were involved in the " Great Escape " were killed .
HMS Vidette ( D48 ) HMS " Vidette " ( D48 ) was an Admiralty V class destroyer of the Royal Navy . She was laid down by Alexander Stephens & Sons Limited in Linthouse , Govan on 1 February 1917 , was launched on 28 February 1918 , and completed on 27 April 1918 . She spent most of the 1920s and 1930s in reserve , but was brought back to active service in 1939 for World War II . In the picture , taken probably in 1939 , she is wearing the funnel bands of the 16th Destroyer Flotilla based at Portsmouth ; one red over one white . Early in the war she would have landed the after set of torpedo tubes and shipped a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt gun in lieu . For the first three years of war she was based at Gibraltar , as part of the 13th Destroyer Flotilla . She took part in the attack on the French fleet at Mers - el - Kébir in July 1940 , but spent most of her time escorting Atlantic convoys into and out of Gibraltar . She was converted to a long - range escort destroyer in September 1942 and served with Peter Gretton ' s ' B7 ' escort group in the crucial battles around convoys HX - 231 , ONS - 5 and SC - 130 in the Battle of the Atlantic ( 1939 - 1945 ) . She helped to sink four submarines : " U 531 " , " U 274 " , " U 282 " , " U 413 " and " U 630 " . " Vidette " was sold for scrapping in 1947 .
Harry L . Corl Harry L . Corl ( 1914 – 1942 ) was a United States Navy officer killed in action in World War II who received the Navy Cross for his actions in combat . Biography . Harry Lee Corl was born in Lambertville , Michigan , on 26 March 1914 . He enlisted in the U . S . Navy on 20 November 1934 and was discharged in 1938 . He enlisted again in 1939 , rising to ensign by 15 June 1942 . During the Battle of Midway , Corl was serving in Torpedo Squadron 3 operating from the aircraft carrier USS " Yorktown " ( CV - 5 ) . On 4 June 1942 , Corl was the pilot of one the squadron ' s Douglas TBD - 1 Devastator torpedo bomber s when the squadron made a nearly suicidal torpedo attack against the Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft carrier force . All but two of the squadron ' s planes were shot down during their torpedo runs ; the two surviving Devastators , one of them Corls , both ditched in the sea on their way back to " Yorktown " , and Corl was one of only three men to survive the squadrons attack . In August 1942 , Corl , flying with Torpedo Squadron 3 off of the aircraft carrier USS " Enterprise " ( CV - 6 ) , was the pilot of a Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bomber during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons . On 24 August 1942 , he was flying a search mission near the Solomon Islands when he and another pilot spotted the Japanese heavy cruiser " Tone " . As they began a bombing run on her , two Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters attacked the American planes , and were quickly joined by a third Zero . Under attack by two of the Japanese fighters , Corls Avenger was shot down . His radioman / turret gunner , Radioman Third Class Delmar D . Wiley , survived and , after 15 days in a life raft and months spent on islands behind Japanese lines , was recovered on 11 April 1943 , but Corl apparently died in the crash of his plane . Corl was declared presumed dead on 25 August 1942 . Awards . Corl was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions at Midway on 4 June 1942 . Namesake . The U . S . Navy destroyer escort USS " Harry L . Corl " ( DE - 598 ) was named for Ensign Corl . During construction , she was converted into the high - speed transport USS " Harry L . Corl " ( APD - 108 ) , and was in commission as such from 1945 to 1946 .
INS Sindhughosh ( S55 ) INS " Sindhughosh " ( S55 ) is the lead ship of her class of diesel - electric submarine s of the Indian Navy . The submarine was commissioned in April 1986 in Riga , Latvia . This submarine is diesel - powered and has totally six motors . INS " Sindhughosh " was the first submarine in Indian Navy to be equipped with the Klub ZM - 54E SS - N - 27 antiship cruise missiles with a range of 220 km . The submarine has a displacement of nearly 3 , 100 tons when dived , a maximum diving depth of 300 meters , speed of up to , and are able to operate solo for 45 days with a crew of 52 . Service history . Collision with a foreign vessel ( 2008 ) . INS " Sindhughosh " collided with a foreign merchant vessel - MV " Leeds Castle " - while trying to surface in the seas north of Mumbai on 7 January 2008 . The submarine was taking part in fleet level war games , when the accident occurred . The boat has reportedly suffered slight damage to the conning tower area . Naval officials said the submarine was submerged and had its radars off and periscope down when it slammed into the merchant vessel off India ' s Diu island , from Mumbai . The boat was apparently maintaining total radio and radar silence to escape detection , when the accident took place . It has also been reported that the indigenously developed USHUS sonar malfunctioned and played a direct role in the accident . A Navy officer , on condition of anonymity , stated that the MV " Leeds Castle " was in restricted waters and in that area the ocean depth is not great and thus the reason for the mishap . Other naval officials expressed surprise that how in the high seas , the submarine was cruising at only at a depth of 10 to . The submarine has since been towed to a naval dockyard at Mumbai and a Board of Inquiry has been ordered to probe the mishap . The crew of INS " Sindhughosh " had a miraculous escape as the accident was caused at surface level . The reports of structural damage is a cause of concern . Normally the submarine has two hulls . But any damage to structure means checking the entire review of the whole structure . Even if one steel bar has a weakness , the submarine will face adverse conditions at 250 meters below sea level . Fire damage ( 2013 ) . On 14 August 2013 , " Sindhughosh " sustained minor damage in a fire which caused explosions and the sinking of INS " Sindhurakshak " , while at dock in Mumbai . The navy did not release any details of the extent of damage on Sindhughosh .
SS Empire Beaumont Empire Beaumont was a 7 , 044 GRT cargo ship which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Ltd , Haverton Hill - on - Tees in 1942 . She was owned by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and managed by W Runciman & Co Ltd . " Empire Beaumont " had a short career , being sunk on 13 September 1942 while a member of Convoy PQ 18 . Description . " Empire Beaumont " was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd , Haverton Hill - on - Tees . She was yard number 345 and was laid down on 15 August 1941 " Empire Beatrice " was launched on 31 March 1942 and completed in June that year . She had a GRT of 7 , 044 . Her port of registry was Middlesbrough . " Empire Beaumont " was managed by W Runciman & Co Ltd for the MoWT . Career . " Empire Beaumont " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . onvoy UR 32 sailed from Loch Ewe on 11 July 1942 and was destined for Reykjavík , Iceland . Arrival was on or about 16 July . Convoy PQ 18 sailed from Loch Ewe on 2 September 1942 and arrived at Archangelsk on 21 September . At 15 : 15 on 13 September , " Empire Beaumont " was attacked by Heinkel He 111 aircraft of KG26 and torpedo ed . " Empire Beaumont " was still afloat at 16 : 45 although it was believed that she had sunk by 18 : 30 . Thirty - three survivors were rescued by . The majority of them were transferred to and five were landed at Archangelsk for transfer to . Those lost on " Empire Beaumont " are commemorated at the Tower Hill Memorial , London . Official Numbers and Code Letters . Official numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Beaumont " had the UK Official Number 164854 and used the Code Letters BDWD . Propulsion . " Empire Beaumont " was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of 24½ inches ( 62 cm ) , , and diameter by stroke . It was built by Richardsons , Westgarth & Co Ltd , Hartlepool .
German submarine U - 479 German submarine " U - 479 " was a Type VIIC U - boat built for the Nazi German Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . She was laid down at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel on 19 November 1942 as ' werk ' 310 , launched on 14 August 1941 and was commissioned on 27 October 1943 with " Oberleutnant " Hans - Joachim Förster , a Knights Cross winner , in command . He was replaced shortly afterwards by " Oberleutnant " Friedrich - Wilhelm Sons . Operational service . The boat began her service career as part of the 5th U - boat Flotilla for training , before moving to the 8th flotilla for operations . She sank no ships during her career , but damaged one . The U - boat ' s first patrol was preceded by short voyages from Kiel to Arendal ( on the southern Norwegian coast near Kristiansand ) , back to Kiel and then on to Helsinki in Finland . 1st patrol . Her first foray proper saw her depart Helsinki on 13 July 1944 , arrive at Esplanade ( on the southern Finnish coast ) on 25 July and move back to Helsinki on 1 August . 2nd and 3rd patrols . Her second and third sorties were both launched from Helsinki in August and were uneventful . 4th patrol . The submarine ' s fourth patrol was only different from her second and third efforts in that it terminated at Danzig , ( now Gdansk ) . Loss . The boat disappeared in the Gulf of Finland in November , 1944 .
56th Ohio Infantry The 56th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 56th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 56th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Morrow in Portsmouth , Ohio and mustered in for three years service On December 12 , 1861 under the command of Colonel Peter Kinney . The regiment was attached to 3rd Brigade , 3rd Division , Army of the Tennessee , to July 1862 . Helena , Arkansas , District of Eastern Arkansas , to November 1862 . 2nd Brigade , 12th Division , District of Eastern Arkansas , Department of the Tennessee , to January 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 12th Division , XIII Corps , Army of the Tennessee , to July 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , XIII Corps , Department of the Tennessee , to August 1863 , and Department of the Gulf , to June 1864 . Defenses of New Orleans , Louisiana , Department of the Gulf , to April 1866 . The 56th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service on December 25 , 1866 at New Orleans , Louisiana . Detailed service . Moved to Paducah , Ky . , then to Fort Donelson , Tenn . , February 12 – 15 , 1862 . Fort Donelson February 15 – 16 . Expedition toward Purdy and operations about Crump ' s Landing March 9 – 14 , 1862 . Battle of Shiloh , Tenn . , April 6 – 7 . Advance on and siege of Corinth , Miss . , April 29 - May 30 . March to Memphis , Tenn . , June 1 – 13 , and duty there until July 24 . Germantown and Lafayette Station June 25 . Ordered to Helena , Ark . , June 24 , and duty there until April 1863 . Gorman ' s Expedition from Helena to Eunice August 28 - September 5 , 1862 . Expedition against Arkansas Post November 16 – 21 . Ordered to Milliken ' s Bend , La . , April 11 , 1863 . Movement on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25 – 30 . Battle of Port Gibson May 1 . Fourteen - Mile Creek May 12 . Battle of Champion Hill May 16 . Siege of Vicksburg , Miss . , May 18 - July 4 . Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22 . Advance on Jackson , Miss . , July 4 – 10 . Siege of Jackson July 10 – 17 . Ordered to New Orleans , La . , August 13 . Duty there until September 13 , and at Berwick Bay until October . Western Louisiana Campaign October 3 - November 30 . Grand Coteau November 3 . At New Iberia until December 17 . Moved to New Orleans December 17 , then to Madisonville January 22 , 1864 , and duty there until March 1 . Moved to New Orleans March 1 . Red River Campaign March 10 - May 5 . Advance from Franklin to Alexandria March 14 – 26 . Battle of Sabine Cross Roads April 8 . Pleasant Hill April 9 . Monett ' s Ferry , Cane River , April 23 . At Alexandria April 26 - May 4 . Davidson ' s Ferry , Red River , May 4 – 5 . Natchitoches May 5 . Dunn ' s Bayou , destruction of transport " Warner " , May 5 . Veterans absent on furlough May to July . Return to New Orleans , La . , and duty in the defenses of that city until April 1866 . Expedition from New Orleans to Mandeville January 15 – 17 , 1865 ( detachment ) . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 216 men during service ; 3 officers and 55 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 2 officers and 156 enlisted men died of disease .
Christiansholm Fortress Christiansholm Fortress ( " Christiansholm festning " ) was a Norwegian fortress built to defend the city of Kristiansand . The fortress was finished in 1672 and formed a part of King Christian IV ' s plan for defense of Kristiansand when the city was founded in 1641 . The architect of the fortress was quartermaster general Willem Coucheron . It was built on an islet , about 100 yards from shore . Today the fortress is connected to the mainland . The only time the fortress has been in battle was against an English fleet force , lead by HMS Spencer ( 1800 ) in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars . It was decommissioned by royal decree during June 1872 as part of a major redevelopment of fortifications across the nation . Today , Christiansholm is a tourist attraction by the Kristiansand Boardwalk and venue for a variety of cultural events and festivities . It is now owned by the municipality and is a site used principally for recreation .
21st Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment The 21st Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 21st Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9 , 1864 . It was disbanded on October 29 , 1864 . Detailed service . The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Major General Sterling Price ' s raid . The regiment saw action at Byram ' s Ford , Big Blue , October 22 . Westport October 23 .