naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Type 056 corvette The Type 056 corvette ( NATO codename : Jiangdao ) is a new Chinese light warship that entered service with the People ' s Liberation Army Navy in 2012 as a replacement for the Type 037 series of patrol vessels . It has been described as a stealth missile corvette which is also armed with a 76mm main gun . History . Following the designing and building of the Pattani class corvette for the Royal Thai Navy in the mid - 2000s , speculation of a domestic variant of the design was rife . The speculations were confirmed in November 2010 during a visit by Maj . Gen . Wang Junli , Deputy commander of the Hong Kong Garrison and the Hong Kong University ' s Vice - Chancellor Tsui Lap - chee when a model of the Type 056 was presented . The first ship was launched in May 2012 . < br > Though the Type 056 appears in the 21st century , the design concept can be referred to as early as the 1980s , when the PLAN were considering developing a larger patrol ship to replace the Type 037 to improve the living conditions on the ship , which was firstly called by Type 038 . However , this concept was not realized until the appearance of Type 056 in 2012 due to the shortage of funds . Design . The Type 056 has a stealthy hull design with sloped surface and a reduced superstructure clutter . There is a helipad at the stern for a light helicopter but has no organic helicopter support facilities . The main anti - ship armament consists of YJ - 83 sea - skimming anti - ship cruise missile s in two twin - cell launchers . The primary anti - aircraft armament is one FL - 3000N short range missile system with 8 rounds . A 76 mm main gun based on a Russian AK - 176 is mounted forward . 2 triple torpedo tubes are mounted for ASW operations . Type 056 is the first Chinese warship with modular design , which makes it cover the roles from OPV to multi - role frigate . The PLAN used versions may include patrol type , ASW type , ASuW type , AAW type and commander type ; while the export versions can be quite differently fitted according to consumer ' s requirement . For the moment , at least 3 variants of Type 056 for export exist with the same design of hull but varying bridge designs and armament layouts . Export . At least two versions of OPV that are blood relations with the Type 056 have been sold to other countries . One is the Royal Thai Navy ' s Pattani class OPV , the other is an enlarged version with full - load displacement of 1800 tonnes . Two OPVs based on the Pattani class have been ordered by the Nigerian Navy . Their factory designation is P18N . Two corvette versions have been sold to the Bangladesh Navy . A multi - role frigate version of the Type 056 with integrated mast and VLS also appeared at LIMA 2013 . < br > < br >
Two - Ocean Navy Act The Two - Ocean Navy Act , also known as the Vinson - Walsh Act , was a United States law enacted on July 19 , 1940 , and named for Carl Vinson and David I . Walsh , who chaired the Naval Affairs Committee in the House and Senate respectively . The largest naval procurement bill in U . S . history , it increased the size of the United States Navy by 70 % . Modest naval expansion programs had been implemented by the Naval Act of 1936 and the Naval Act of 1938 . In early June 1940 , Congress passed legislation that provided for an 11 % increase in naval tonnage as well as an expansion of naval air capacity . On June 17 , a few days after German troops conquered France , Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark requested four billion US $ from to increase the size of the American combat fleet by 70 % by adding 257 ships amounting to 1 , 325 , 000 tons . On June 18 , after less than an hour of debate , the House of Representatives by a 316 – 0 vote authorized $ 8 . 55 billion for a naval expansion program , giving emphasis to aircraft . Rep . Vinson , who headed the House Naval Affairs Committee , said its emphasis on carriers did not represent any less commitment to battleships , but " The modern development of aircraft has demonstrated conclusively that the backbone of the Navy today is the aircraft carrier . The carrier , with destroyers , cruisers and submarines grouped around it [ , ] is the spearhead of all modern naval task forces . " It was enacted on July 19 , 1940 . The Act authorized the procurement of : The expansion program was scheduled to take five to six years , but a " New York Times " study of shipbuilding capabilities called it " problematical " unless planned " radical changes in design " are dropped .
Castle of Turégano The Castle of Turégano ( ) is an ancient fortress located in the town of Turégano in the province of Segovia , Spain . The castle was founded on the site of a pre - existing fortress . Its structure is integrated into the adjacent church of San Miguel . In 1585 the castle was used to imprison Antonio Pérez , the then - disgraced secretary of king Philip II . An attempt to free him from captivity here failed .
Obukhovskii 12 " / 52 Pattern 1907 gun The Obukhovskii 12 " / 52 Pattern 1907 gun was a Russian and Soviet 305 mm ( 12 inch ) naval gun . It was the most powerful gun to be mounted aboard battleship s of the Imperial Russian Navy . They followed the 12 " / 40 ( 30 . 5 cm ) Pattern 1895 guns as used on the " Andrei Pervozvanny " - class battleships History . The guns were developed by the Obukhovskii Works , with the first prototype being completed in 1907 . Allowable barrel life for pieces mounted aboard Black Sea Fleet units was 400 rounds per gun . The guns were considered excellent pieces , and were deployed aboard the " Gangut " and " Imperatritsa Mariya " - class dreadnought s in triple turret mountings constructed by the Metallicheskii Works . These triple - gun turrets were designated " MK - 3 - 12 " . Coastal artillery . In addition to being deployed aboard the " Gangut " class and " Imperatritsa Mariya " - class battleships , these pieces were also emplaced as coastal artillery in the Peter the Great Naval Fortress along the Tallinn - Porkkala defensive line in 1917 , as well as being mounted as railway gun s . Between wars in Soviet Union were placed four four - gun batteries around the Baltic , two four - gun batteries in Sevastopol and two six - gun batteries in Vladivostok . Some of these guns were captured by the Germans in World War II and used in the " Mirius " battery in Guernsey ( occupied Channel Islands ) . 1938 Railway gun TM - 3 - 12 . Three railway guns were built , using guns from the sunken battleship " Imperatritsa Mariya " , which had been lost to a magazine explosion in Sevastopol harbor in October 1916 . They were used in the Soviet - Finnish war in 1939 - 1940 . In June – December 1941 they took part in the defense of the Soviet naval base on Finland ' s Hanko peninsula ( Rus . Gangut / Гангут ) . They were disabled by Soviet seamen when the base was evacuated , and were later restored by Finnish specialists using guns from the withdrawn Russian battleship " Imperator Aleksandr III " . After the war these were handed over to the Soviet Union , and they were maintained in operational condition until 1991 , and withdrawn in 1999 . When withdrawn from service , they were the last battleship - caliber Obukhov pieces still operational in the world .
General Service Code General Service Code is a code that was used during the American Civil War . The code uses one flag or two torches . The flags come in three color schemes : a red square in the middle of a white background , white on black , or black on white . The flag that is used at any time depends on the visibility . The flags come in three sizes : two feet by two feet , four by four , and six by six . The 2x2 flags are used in battle to send messages back to headquarters and to send back commands , sometimes by more than one signaler . The 4x4 flags are used for almost everything else . The 6x6 flags are for sending messages that can ' t wait until night so they could use the torches . These flags are so heavy that no one really wanted to use them . One torch is put on a pole and waved around and is called the action torch . The other was stuck on a stake and called the foot torch . The purpose of the foot torch is to decipher if the message is meant for you or for the guy on the other side of the sender . The torches run on turpentine . Turpentine is used in the torches because it burns brighter than kerosene . People don ' t use turpentine in lamps because it is far too volatile to be used in that manner . The code uses three positions . Position one is to the left . Position two is to the right . Position three is forward . The following is the code and shortcuts . ] = = References = = Richard Dees of the Idaho Civil War Volunteers . He is one of the communications officers .
Jean Armand de Maillé - Brézé Jean Armand de Maillé - Brézé , Duke of Fronsac , Marquis of Brézé ( 18 October 1619 – 14 June 1646 ) was a French admiral . He was born in Milly - le - Meugon , in one of the most powerful French families of the time ; his father was Urbain de Maillé - Brézé , marquis de Brézé , Marshal of France , his uncle Cardinal Richelieu , King Louis XIII ' s renowned minister , and his brother - in - law , Louis II de Bourbon , Prince de Condé , ( better known as the " le Grand Condé " ) , was the First Prince of the Blood . Thanks to his uncle , at the age of seventeen , he received the title of " grand - maître de la navigation " ( Grand - master of Navigation ) , a new title created by King Louis XIII for Cardinal Richelieu and equivalent to Grand Admiral of France . One of the leading figures in the Eighty Years ' War , he defeated the Spanish fleet near Cadiz ( 20 July 1640 ) , and then seized Villafranca . In 1641 , he arrived in Portugal to help in the Portuguese Restoration War against Spain . In 1642 , he fought an indecisive action against the Spanish forces near Barcelona , and nearly completely destroyed their fleet near Cartagena on 3 July 1643 . He was killed on 16 June 1646 , during the Battle of Orbetello , where his fleet was defeated . His remains were buried in the church of Milly le Meugon , abutted to the castle walls . Honours . Three ships were named in his honor : see French ship " Maillé Brézé "
529th Bombardment Squadron The 529th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 380th Bombardment Wing , based at Plattsburgh AFB , New York . It was inactivated on 25 June 1966 . History . Established in late 1942 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force in Texas , and later in Colorado . Deployed to the Southwest Pacific Area ( SPA ) in April 1943 , being assigned to Fifth Air Force in Australia . From airfields in Australia , the squadron reached out to the Japanese installations in the Netherlands East Indies . Moved to the Philippines where the squadron operated in early 1945 , then to Okinawa where combat operations ended after the Japanese Capitulation in August . After the war , squadron personnel were demobilized and returned to the United States , the B - 24s sent to reclamation in the Philippines . Inactivated as a paper unit in early 1946 . In 1947 , the squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit of the Strategic Air Command at MacDill Field , Florida . The squadron remained an inactive reserve unit until 1951 when the squadron was inactivated . The squadron was again activated in 1955 as part of the 380th Strategic Aerospace Wing and equipped with the B - 47 Stratojet . Flying the B - 47 , the squadron took a place as part of SAC ' s nuclear deterrent to war which were designed to carry nuclear weapons and to penetrate Soviet air defenses with its high operational ceiling and near supersonic speed . The squadron flew the B - 47 for about a decade when by the mid - 1960s it had become obsolete and vulnerable to new Soviet air defenses . The squadron began to send its stratojets to AMARC at Davis - Monthan AFB for retirement , being inactivated in 1966 . Operational history . Combat in Southwest and Western Pacific , c . 21 May 1943 – 24 July 1945 . Reserve B - 29 squadron ( 1947 – 1949 ) . SAC Medium bomber ( B - 47 ) squadron ( 1955 – 1965 ) inactivated when B - 47 was withdrawn from service .
Nagao clan History . The clan built and controlled Kasugayama Castle and the surrounding fief , in what is now Niigata Prefecture . Nagao Kagetora , adopted by Uesugi Norimasa , became lord of the castle in 1548 , taking the name Uesugi Kenshin and effectively changing the ruling clan of Kasugayama from Nagao to Uesugi . Those members of his family who retained the Nagao name became retainers to the Uesugi family .
Bombing of Numazu in World War II The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II . Background . Although the city of Numazu was not a major population center , it had a number of targets of military significance centered around its port facility , including a ship repair yard , and a number of small and medium sized factories suppling military equipment and munitions . The Tōkaidō Main Line railway connecting Tokyo with Osaka also ran through the city . Numazu was also located at the base of Mount Fuji , a prominent landmark used by bombers en route to Tokyo or Nagoya from the Mariana Islands , and thus often served as a secondary target for bombers unable to complete their primary mission assignment . Air raids . Numazu was bombed eight times during World War II , the largest air raid occurring on the night of July 17 , 1945 . During this attack , 130 B - 29 Superfortress bombers of the USAAF 20th Air Force , 58th Bombardment Wing dropped a total of 1039 tons of Incendiary bomb s on the city , resulting in a firestorm which destroyed most of the city . The estimated civilian casualties were 274 people killed , and 9523 homes destroyed in this raid ; however , total casualties came to 322 killed , 634 severely injured , and 11 , 883 homes destroyed over the course of the war . A year after the war , the United States Army Air Forces ' s Strategic Bombing Survey ( Pacific War ) reported that 89 . 5 percent of the city had been totally destroyed .
HMS Thetis ( 1890 ) HMS " Thetis " was an " Apollo " - class 2nd class protected cruiser of the Royal Navy , launched on 13 December 1890 . Her first significant mission was service in the Bering Sea Patrol with American warships in a combined effort to suppress poaching in the Bering Sea . Under the command of Captain W . Stokes - Rees , she later served on the Mediterranean Station until relieved in March 1901 . She paid of at Chatham in early June 1901 , and was placed in the Fleet reserve . The latter half of her career was spent as a mine - layer . Laden with concrete she was deliberately sunk in attempt to block the canal in the Zeebrugge Raid during the First World War , on 23 April 1918 .
42nd Kentucky Infantry Regiment The 42nd Kentucky Infantry Regiment was a infantry regiment from Kentucky that served in the Union Army for thirty - days , during the American Civil War . Service . The 42nd Kentucky Regiment was organized and mustered in at Newport , Kentucky . The duration of the regiment ' s service was thirty - days to coincide with General Bragg ' s invasion of Kentucky , and was disbanded at the expiration of its term of service .
Oflag V - B Oflag V - B was a World War II German prisoner - of - war camp for officers ( " Offizierlager " ) , in operation from 1940 until 1942 . It was located in Biberach in south - eastern Baden - Württemberg . Camp history . The camp was originally built as barracks for German Army infantry early in 1939 and consisted of concrete single storey buildings on a plateau north - west of the town . It was named " " Lindele " " . In good weather there was a fine view of the Alps to the south . In May 1940 the first British and Commonwealth officers captured in the battle of France arrived . The Senior British Officer was Major - General V . M . Fortune . The camp was clean and living conditions were satisfactory . The first officers from the battle of Greece arrived on 16 June 1941 . They were surprised at the good conditions after several weeks of travel and grim conditions in transit camps . In October 1941 the British officers were transferred to Oflag VI - B in Warburg . For three months after their removal the camp was used as a transit camp for Soviet prisoners . It was then used as a temporary camp for French and Serbian officers . In September 1942 the camp became " Lager Lindele " ( " Lindele Camp " ) , and was used as an " Ilag " ( " Internment Camp " ) for about 1 , 200 civilian internees from the Channel Islands . Around 2 , 000 Channel Islanders were interned in Germany as a reprisal for the deportation of German nationals from the Kingdom of Iran to Camp 10 in Loveday , South Australia . Escapes . There were several escape attempts during the summer of 1941 . The largest such attempt was on 13 September , when 26 prisoners got out through a tunnel . Four managed to reach Switzerland , the rest were recaptured . It is possible that the large number or escape attempts and the close proximity to the Swiss border ( only away ) prompted the authorities to move the prisoners . The successful escapes by Lt . Duncan and Cpt O ' Sullivan were documented extensively at the time by British Intelligence . Lt . Duncan ' s report is in the file M . I . 9 / S / P . G . ( G ) 639 ( subsequently released by the British National Archives under WO / 208 / 3307 / 26 ) with a more extensive autobiographical account written up and published in the 1950s under the title of " Underground from Posen " . Cpt O ' Sullivan ' s report is in the file M . I . 9 / S / P . G . ( G ) 637 ( subsequently released by the British National Archives under WO / 208 / 3307 / 28 ) .
USS Raritan ( 1843 ) The first USS " Raritan " was a wooden - hulled , three - masted sailing frigate of the United States Navy built at the Philadelphia Navy Yard , laid down in 1820 , but not launched until 13 June 1843 , sponsored by Commodore Frederick Engle . She was one of the last sailing frigates of the United States Navy . On 20 February 1844 the frigate , commanded by Captain Francis H . Gregory , cleared New York Harbor and sailed for the South Atlantic where she served as Commodore Daniel Turner ' s flagship until she returned to the United States in November 1845 . Based at Pensacola , Florida , " Raritan " then operated with the Home Squadron as it blockaded the east coast of Mexico and supported Army forces during the war with Mexico . As Commodore David Conner ' s flagship , she joined USS " Potomac " in landing 500 men at Point Isabel to reinforce that military depot in May 1846 . During 1847 , she participated in the landings at Veracruz in March ; at Tuxpan in April ; and at Tabasco in June . " Raritan " then retired to Norfolk where she was laid up in ordinary during 1848 . Active again in 1849 , she served as flagship of the West Indies Squadron , then as flagship for the Home Squadron , and in 1850 was transferred to the Pacific to cruise between Panama and Cape Horn and as far west as the International Date Line . Arriving at Valparaíso in June 1851 , she operated out of that port until October 1852 when she returned to the United States . On her arrival home , she was again laid up , in ordinary , at Norfolk . " Raritan " remained there until she was destroyed , 20 April 1861 , by Union forces as they evacuated the navy yard .
Army Recruit Training Centre Army Recruit Training Centre is the official name denoted by the Australian Army Department of Defence since 1 December 1998 for its Recruit Training Centre situated at Kapooka , an outer suburb of Wagga Wagga , in the Riverina region of New South Wales . The Army Recruit Training Centre ( ARTC ) is located within Blamey Barracks , about 9 . 5 km south - west of Wagga Wagga . Blamey Barracks are named after Field Marshal Sir Thomas Albert Blamey , GBE , KCB , CMG was an Australian General of the Second World War and the first , and to date only , Australian to attain the rank of Field Marshal . Blamey was born near Wagga Wagga . During World War II . The site that was to become ARTC was established on a property on the southern slopes of the " Pomingalarna Reserve " in 1942 as a direct result of defence needs during World War II . As a part of the Royal Australian Engineers Centre thousands of engineers were trained in basic soldiering skills as well as engineering duties . In addition 47 , 000 regular soldiers also trained at the barracks from 1942 to 1945 . The location was also the camp for members of the Australian Women ’ s Army Service who acted as orderlies , drivers and hospital staff during that period of time . After World War II . Following the Second World War the barracks became the 1st Recruit Training Battalion ( 1RTB ) which from November 1951 , with Lieutenant Colonel V . E . Dowdy appointed as the first Commanding Officer . During 1952 and 1953 , 1RTB was joined by 2nd Recruit Training Battalion in temporary buildings on the ridge south of the main camp . Most of the current facilities were constructed during 1965 and 1966 and officially opened on 6 December 1966 by the then Governor of New South Wales , Sir Roden Cutler , VC , KCMG , CBE . 1RTB conducted training for both national service and regular Army recruits , and during the Vietnam War between 1965 and 1972 , in excess of 10 , 000 National Service men trained at Kapooka . Recent history . In 1985 the ARTC ( then called 1RTB ) became responsible for the training of female recruits , who were previously trained at WRAAC School at Georges Heights in Sydney . The centre took on the additional responsibility of training some reserve recruits from 1993 . Reserve recruits undertake a 28 day program whilst the recruits that are to form part of the Australian Regular Army undertake an 80 day program . The Army Adventurous Training Wing moved from Bonegilla , Victoria to the Blamey Barracks in 1998 . ARTC has two training wings , Recruit Training Wing ( RTW ) that trains all the regular and reserve recruits for the Army , and the Army Adventurous Training Wing that trains unit adventurous training leaders . The signage leading into the ARTC indicates that the centre is also referred to as the " Home of the Soldier " . ARTC is also home to the Australian Army Band Kapooka . It provides music for military ceremonies . In October 2006 , Recruit Training Wing formally changed its name back to the 1st Recruit Training Battalion ( 1RTB )
Mark 21 nuclear bomb The Mark 21 nuclear bomb was a United States nuclear gravity bomb first produced in 1955 . It was based on the TX - 21 " Shrimp " prototype that had been detonated during the Castle Bravo test in March 1954 . While most of the Operation Castle tests were intended to evaluate weapons intended for immediate stockpile , or which were already available for use as part of the Emergency Capability Program , Castle Bravo was intended to test a design which would drastically reduce the size and costs of the first generation of air - droppable atomic weapons ( the Mk 14 , Mk 17 & Mk 24 ) . At 12 feet six inches long , 56 inches in diameter , and weighing 15 , 000 pounds ( 6 , 800 kg ) , the Mk - 21 was half the length and one - third the weight of the Mk - 17 / 21 weapons it replaced . Its minimum yield was specified at four megatons . Quantity production of the Mk - 21 started in December 1955 and ran until July 1956 . Three marks were produced ; the Mk - 21C was proof tested as the Operation Redwing Navajo shot , with a yield of 4 . 5 megatons . Starting in June 1957 all Mk - 21 bombs were converted to the more powerful Mk - 36 , which was removed from service in 1962 .