naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Simmias of Macedon " For other persons with the same name , see Simmias " Simmias ( Greek Σιμμιας ) was a Macedonian officer , son of Andromenes from Tymphaia and brother of Attalus and Amyntas , the officers of Alexander the Great . He probably served in the division of the phalanx , commanded by his brother Amyntas , as we find him taking the command of it at the battle of Gaugamela during his brother ' s absence . On this occasion his division was one of those which bore the chief brunt of the battle . In 330 BC he was accused , together with his brothers , of having been concerned in the conspiracy of Philotas ; but the vigorous defence of Amyntas before the Macedonian army procured their joint acquittal .
Spanish ship Fenix ( 1749 ) Fenix was an 80 - gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy , launched in 1749 . She fought at the Battle of Cape St Vincent on 16 January 1780 , as the flagship of Admiral Juan de Lángara . The Royal Navy captured " Fenix " during the battle , and commissioned her as the third rate HMS " Gibraltar " in March that year . She took part in the Battle of Cuddalore in 1783 . Because " Gibraltar " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign ( 8 March to 8 September 1801 ) , her officers and crew qualified for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants . Fate . " Gibraltar " was hulked in 1813 , and broken up in 1836 .
64th Brigade Support Battalion ( United States ) The 64th Brigade Support Battalion , nicknamed " Mountaineers , " is a United States Army Support Battalion , currently assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team , 4th Infantry Division . History . The 64th Forward Support Battalion was constituted in 1942 as the 64th Quartermaster Battalion . In August 1942 , it was activated as the 64th Quartermaster Laundry Battalion , and was then separated in 1943 into Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 64th Quartermaster Battalion , and four separate companies . In 1948 , the Headquarters Detachment was allotted to the Regular Army . It was inactivated in 1949 at Camp Lee , Virginia along with the separate companies . From 1950 to 1953 , the unit activated for services in Europe during the cold war . In 1963 , the 64th Quartermaster Battalion was activated for services in Vietnam , where it was inactivated in 1970 . Redesigned 1 December 1975 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 64th Support Battalion . Together with its companies , the unit was reactivated and assigned to the 4th Infantry Division ( Mechanized ) and served in Germany until its deactivation in 1984 . On 15 May 1987 , the 64th Support Battalion was reactivated at Fort Carson , Colorado . The 64th Support Battalion is authorized 13 campaign streamers for use with organizational colors . The streamers were earned for action in World War II and in the Vietnam War . The distinctive unit insignia worn by the soldiers of this battalion is the primary buff and scarlet , colors symbolic of support units . Black refers to the petroleum capability of the battalion . The fleur - de - lis and the three battlements allude to the three campaigns credited to the battalion in France and Europe in World War II . The original rice motif symbolized service in Vietnam . The turned down inner blades of the wreath , crossing diagonally simulate the Roman numeral X and refer to participation in the ten campaigns in Vietnam . The two red areas allude to the two meritorious unit commendations awarded to the battalion during service in Vietnam . The 64th BSB deployed with the 3rd Brigade Combat Team in 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom 1 . The unit deployed to Iraq again in support of OIF 5 in 2005 and OIF 07 - 09 in 2007 . The 64th returned in March 2011 from a year - long deployment to Southern Iraq in support of OIF 10 – 11 .
27th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 27th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry was an American Civil War infantry regiment from New Jersey that served a nine - month enlistment in the Union Army . It was the only nine - month Regiment from New Jersey with an eleventh Company ( " Company L " ) . It was recruited from various towns within Morris County , New Jersey and Sussex County , New Jersey , and was mustered into Federal service in September 3 , 1862 , in Newark , except Company G ( Village of Boonton , then part of Pequannock Township ) and Company I ( Village of Morristown , Morris Township ) . The regiment trained at Camp Frelinghuysen in Newark , before being sent out to join the Army of the Potomac . There , it was attached to the 2nd brigade with Casey ' s Division , Defenses of Washington , D . C until December , 1862 . Next it was attached to the 9th Army Corps , Army of the Potomac , to March , 1863 , and Army of the Ohio , to June , 1863 . When their term of service expired in June , the 27th volunteered to remain for 1 more month during the time of the " Pennsylvania Emergency " when Lee ' s army threatened the north . The 27th was on duty first in Wheeling , West Virginia , then they moved to Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , and finally to guard a bridge at Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , June 26 , 1863 . The regiment fought in one engagement – the December 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg . After serving its nine - month enlistment , the regiment was mustered out in July 2 , 1863 . Many of the veterans of the 27th New Jersey went on to serve in other regiments , most notably the 33rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry , which was led by Colonel George W . Mindil and the 39th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry . The Regiment lost 33 members on May 6 , 1863 while crossing the Cumberland River , in Kentucky . Only the bodies of 7 of those that drowned were recovered and buried at the Mill Springs National Cemetery , Logan Cross Roads , Kentucky . 19 members were from Company L , which was recruited mostly from Rockaway Township , were memorialized in the Rockaway Presbyterian Church cemetery . Original Field and Staff . Mustered in September 1862 :
Iceland Air Defence System The Iceland Air Defence System ( ) was founded in 1987 . It operates four radar complexes , a software and support facility as well as a command and report centre . , it does not independently possess any offensive capabilities , as Iceland ' s only air defence weaponry consists of a battery of surface - to - air defences which effectively deter aircraft , but is primarily used instead to monitor air traffic and direct allied interceptors based out of country . Between 2009 - 2011 it was a part of the Icelandic Defence Agency ( " Varnarmálastofnun Íslands " ) , but is now under the Coast Guard . According to the U . S . Department of State website ( Office of Public Diplomacy , Iceland page , updated August 2008 ) , the 2008 budget for the Government of Iceland is the first in the country ' s history to include funding for defense ( US $ 8 . 2 million ) ; the money is earmarked for support of cooperative defense activities , military exercises in Iceland , and maintenance of defense - related facilities . This funding is in addition to roughly US $ 12 million in new expenditures for the operation of the Iceland Air Defense System radar sites , which the United States handed over to Iceland on August 15 , 2007 . At the start of 2010 Iceland Air Defense reported having a force of 25 employees .
2 / 1st London Brigade The 2 / 1st London Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army . It was assigned to the 58th ( 2 / 1st London ) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War . In 1915 , the Brigade left the Division for service in Malta .
Sho ' t Sho ' t ( meaning " Whip " in Hebrew ) is the Israeli designation of the 105 mm L7 armed Centurion tank , which entered Israeli service in 1970 . Versions . The addition " Kal " refers to the abbreviation of the engine manufacturer " Continental " , originally notated in Hebrew as שוטקל , which should read " Cal " . But since Cal also means " lightweight " and the ק is closer to K than C , the name Sho ' t Kal struck on outside the Hebrew speaking world . Entered service in 1970 ; by 1974 all Israeli Centurions were upgraded to Sho ' t Kal . Subvariants indicate upgrades received by Sho ' t Kal tanks during their operational life , including a new turret rotating mechanism , a new gun stabilizer , a new fire - control system and preparations for the installation of the Blazer Reactive armour . Combat history . Though the Sho ' t tank was not commonly perceived as a principal battle tank during the Six Day War ( 1967 ) , nor the Yom Kippur war ( 1973 ) ; it was in fact considered the Israeli Army ' s most effective tank . During the invasion of the Syrian army into the Golan Heights during the Yom Kippur war , two damaged Centurion / Sho ’ t tanks engaged approximately 150 Syrian T - 55 / T - 62 tanks . In the course of the following 30 hour tank battle , the two tanks knocked out over 60 tanks . The destruction of this entire armored division forced the Syrian army to halt their advance . See Zvika Greengold . However , as all tanks in the opening days of the 1973 Yom Kippur war , it proved exceedingly vulnerable to Soviet made weapons such as the RPG - 2 , RPG - 7 , and briefcase Sagger guided missile , weapons which the Egyptians used in large numbers in the crossing of the Bar Lev line . It is estimated that the Israeli armed forces lost up to 40 % of their southern armored groups during the first two days of the war , highlighting the necessity for infantry support to armoured groups , culminating in the Merkava main battle tanks being equipped with rear troop bays .
10th Virginia Infantry The 10th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . The 10th Virginia was assembled at Harper ' s Ferry during the late spring of 1861 . Four companies of the 4th Regiment Virginia Volunteers , a militia unit , were united with other volunteer companies to make up the regiment . An eleventh company was added to the command in April , 1862 . Its men were raised in the counties of Shenandoah , Rockingham , Page , and Madison . During the war it was attached to Elzey ' s , Taliaferro ' s , Fulkerson ' s , Colston ' s , Steuart ' s , and W . Terry ' s Brigade . After fighting at First Manassas and McDowell , it was active in Jackson ' s Valley Campaign . The 10th participated in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia from the Seven Days ' Battles to Cold Harbor except when it was on detached duty during the Battle of Antietam . It was involved in Early ' s Shenandoah Valley operations and later the Appomattox Campaign . This unit reported 16 casualties at First Manassas , 21 at McDowell , 43 at Cedar Mountain , 32 at Second Manassas , and 157 at Chancellorsville . Of the 276 engaged at Gettysburg more than twenty - five percent were disabled . On April 9 , 1865 , it surrendered with 2 officers and 43 men . The field officers were Colonels Simeon B . Gibbons and Edward T . H . Warren , Lieutenant Colonels Dorilas H . L . Martz and Samuel T . Walker , and Majors Isaac G . Coffman and Joshua Stover . Future Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Charles Frederick Crisp was a lieutenant in Company K of the 10th Virginia .
Château de Ravel The Château de Ravel is a castle situated in the " commune " of Ravel , in the " département " of Puy - de - Dôme , France . The castle of Revel was begun by Bernard de Revel , noted in 1171 . Purchased by Philip III of France in 1283 , it was given by Philip IV to his future chancellor , Pierre Flotte . It passed by marriage and inheritance to the d ' Estaing family , by the marriage of the heiress Marie Comborcier du Terrail with her cousin Jean d ' Estaing , 1647 . The interiors were renovated in the 17th and 18th centuries . The present structure dates from a number of periods . The origins of the site date back to 1147 , though the existing buildings are 13th century or later . The eastern walls and towers date back to feudal times . The main courtyard is from the 17th century and the western wing from the 18th . The terrace , overlooking the Limagne countryside and the chain of volcanic hills - the Chaîne des Puys - was laid out as a parterre in the 17th century . The castle is regarded as an interesting example of how a medieval castle was converted into a stately home . The 18th century apartments were built without destroying the Gothic framework or the courtyard façade with its ancient towers . Inside , the same care was taken to include Gothic styles with newer , particularly the chapel and the castle ' s masterpiece , the Salle des Etats . Among the additions worthy of note are the staircase and entrance hall , the dining room , the great gallery and the music room . The interior has much original furniture . Visitors may see the genealogy room ( d ' Estaing family portraits ) , the Salle des Etats with its terracotta tiled floor depicting coats - of - arms , the music room ( panelling decorated with musical instruments ) and the gold room ( beamed ceiling , four - poster bed and Aubusson tapestries . The great gallery has mementoes of Admiral d ' Estaing , including a scale model of his ship , painting of naval battles and navigation instruments . Privately owned , the Château de Ravel is listed as a " monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture The castle was used as a location for the 2004 French film " Les Choristes " , directed by Christophe Barratier .
Missile Defense Agency The Missile Defense Agency ( MDA ) is the section of the United States government ' s Department of Defense responsible for developing a layered defense against ballistic missile s . The agency has its origins in the Strategic Defense Initiative , which was established in 1983 and was headed by Lt . General James Alan Abrahamson . It was renamed the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization in 1993 , and then renamed the Missile Defense Agency in 2002 . See National Missile Defense for the history of DoD missile defense programs . Mission statement . According to the agency ' s web - page : International Mission . BMDS must be able to be operated in different regions of the world in order for the success of the MDA mission . The International Strategy was approved by the MDA Director in 2007 . The general strategy for international efforts is : Potential enemies of the United States . Ballistic missile systems using advanced liquid - or solid - propellant propulsion are becoming more mobile , accurate and capable of striking targets over longer distances and are proliferating worldwide . Categories . MDA divides its systems into four phases , boost , ascent , mid - course and terminal , each corresponding to a different phase of the threat ballistic missile flight regime . Each phase offers different advantages and disadvantages to a missile defense system ( see missile defense classified by trajectory phase ) , and the geography of each defended area dictates the types of systems that can be employed , thus the flexible and layered defense approach concept should improve overall defense effectiveness . The more opportunities you have to shoot it down , the better the chance of success . Alternatively activities are categorized in five " blocks " . For example , block 4 . 0 is " Defend Allies and Deployed Forces in Europe from Limited Iranian Long - Range Threats and Expand Protection of U . S . Homeland " . It included the US missile defense complex in Poland to be constructed , and the European Mid - course Radar ( EMR ) currently located at the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site at Kwajalein Atoll , which was to be modified and relocated to the Czech Republic . That plan , however , was scrapped by the Obama administration on September 17 , 2009 . One can distinguish disabling the warheads and just disabling the boosting capability . The latter has the risk of " shortfall " : damage in countries between the launch site and the target location . Boost phase defense . See also APS report .
Base of fire In military terminology , a base of fire is a supporting force that provides overwatch and covering fire to other advancing units while they are executing fire and movement tactics . A base of fire can be a platoon during company fire and movement , by individual armoured fighting vehicle s ( esp . tank s ) or infantry sections , in platoon fire and movement , or even by fireteam s or individual soldiers , in the final stages of an assault .
Soltam Systems Soltam Systems ( ) is an Israeli defense contractor located in Yokneam , Israel . The company has been developing and manufacturing advanced artillery systems , mortars , ammunition and peripheral equipment since 1952 . Soltam Systems serves armed and special forces in more than 60 countries . Among the company ' s major customers are the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) , the United States Army and NATO countries . History . Soltam was founded in 1950 by Shlomo Zabludowicz as the IDF artillery manufacturer . The company was founded as a joint venture between the Israeli Solel Boneh and Luxembourg - based Salgad ( Societe Anonyme Luxembourgoise de Gestion et D ' Administration ) which was a fully owned subsidiary of the Finnish artillery and mortar manufacturer Tampella . In 1998 , Koor Industries sold Soltam to MIKAL Group . In October 2010 , Soltam was sold to Elbit Systems and is now 100 % owned by them . Products . Mortars . Soltam designs and manufactures a wide range of mortars , to suit a variety of military applications . Soltam supplies a variety of mortars , such as backpacked , under turret , towed and self - propelled recoiling mortars on wheeled or tracked vehicles . All mortars are simple to operate and fast in deployment . Soltam mortars are made of high quality alloy steel for extra toughness and stability . mortar systems come with all auxiliary equipment necessary for field operation , including fire control computer , ballistic computer , INS , and target acquisition and location systems . All types of mortar ammunition in use worldwide are authorized to be used with Soltam mortars . Ammunition . Soltam manufactures a wide range of mortar ammunition , ranging in caliber and in use ( High Explosive HE , Smoke and training ) . All mortars comply with NATO standards .
First Confederate Memorial The Confederate Memorial in Indian Mound Cemetery at Romney , West Virginia , is considered the first official memorial to Confederate dead to be erected anywhere in the United States of America . History . In the early spring of 1866 , citizens of Hampshire County decided to form an association to honor the Confederate dead . Eventually they adopted a formal organization and on June 1 , 1866 , held the first ceremony to honor the Confederate graves in Indian Mound Cemetery . Later , they ordered a monument listing the names of all county citizens who died in the American Civil War . The monument was formally dedicated on September 26 , 1867 . Shortly after the Civil War , Federal law prevented any monuments being made that would honor the Confederate States of America . As a result , the monument had to be brought in secretly . The monument was brought into the county at night and then had its last two commemorative words chiseled in on location , so as to avoid the possibility of being seized in transit from where it was created . The inscription says " The daughters of Old Hampshire erect this tribute of affection to her heroic sons who fell in defence of Southern Rights . " Each year , Confederate Memorial Day in Hampshire County recalls the sacrifice and suffering of men and women on both sides of the Civil War . Another memorial erected in the churchyard of St . David ' s in Cheraw , South Carolina is also sometimes considered the first Confederate monument , although the inscription dedicating it to the Confederacy was not added to the monument until after the dedication in 1867 .
Panzer - Abteilung 211 Panzer - Abteilung 211 was a tank battalion of the Heer during World War II . The battalion fought during Operation Silver Fox which was a combined German and Finnish offensive attempting to capture the Soviet port of Murmansk . The unit was disbanded after this operation due to their outdated equipment . Formation . After the fall of France in June 1940 the Germans captured a large amount of French vehicles . Among those were 297 ( varying according to sources ) Somua S35 which was considered by many to be the premier medium tank at the beginning of the war . In addition to the SOMUA H35s there were around 550 Hotchkiss H35 and H38 tanks captured as well . The Germans used these captured vehicles to equip several smaller regiments which were then combined into Panzer - Abteilung 211 on 22 March 1941 . Operation Silver Fox . The Soviet port of Murmansk was a high value target for German command in 1941 . On 27 June 1941 they began Operation Silver Fox to capture the key port , Panzer - Abteilung 211 was tasked with supporting the combined German and Finnish force along with Panzer - Abteilung 40 which was equipped with Panzer I and Panzer II tanks . This force would participate in a sub - operation of Operation Silver Fox code - named Operation Arctic Fox which was a campaign against Soviet Northern Front defenses at Salla , Finland in July 1941 . The offensive launched on 1 July 1941 ended on 17 November in a stalemate with German and Finnish forces advancing but not being able to capture the Murmansk nor the railway at Kandalaksha . Further reading . Panzers in Finland : Panzerunits in Finland 1941 - 1944 by Kari Kuusela
Flypaper theory ( strategy ) In military strategy , the flypaper theory is the idea that it is desirable to draw enemies to a single area where it is easier to kill them and where they are far from one ' s own vulnerabilities . Perhaps the best description of the benefits of the strategy was given by U . S . Army General Ricardo Sanchez , who is commander of U . S . ground forces in Iraq : The desirability of the strategy depends upon how many new enemies are created by using it , how many of them are drawn to the " flytrap , " and how easily they are dispatched . Application to the Iraq War . According to a report from the Washington , DC - based Center for Strategic International Studies ( CSIS ) , foreign fighters comprise about 4 to 10 percent of the estimated 30 , 000 insurgents in Iraq . Other studies dispute that figure .
USS Frances II ( SP - 503 ) USS " Frances II " ( SP - 503 ) , was a motorboat in United States Navy service from 1917 to 1918 . " Frances II " was assigned to the 4th Naval District for World War I service , where she served in a non - commissioned status from 1917 to 1918 .
Hans Dally Hans Dally ( 6 May 1916 – 2 April 1997 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the luffwaffe ALPAKA salvor of honor all so a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Dally was captured British troops in May 1945 and was released in December of that year . . Luffwaffe . ALPAKA salvor of honer ( AM 20 . 9 . 43
Adlan Khasanov Adlan Khasanov ( May 25 , 1970 – May 9 , 2004 ) was a Chechen , Russia n journalist and photographer , killed in action in Grozny . Adlan studied journalism at the Chechen State University , and later worked in newspapers as a reporter and photographer . He also worked for Reuters and Radio Liberty . He was killed during a 9 May Victory Day parade at the " Dynamo " stadium in Grozny , in a bomb blast carried out by Chechen separatists in an attempt to eliminate Kremlin - backed Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov . The stadium had undergone remodeling and reconstruction , and , according to reports , a bomb placed inside a concrete part of the structure escaped security detection sweeps .