naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Arthur L . Wagner Arthur Lockwood Wagner ( March 16 , 1853 – June 17 , 1905 ) was a United States brigadier general and military instructor . Biography . Born in Ottawa , Illinois , Wagner graduated from West Point in 1875 near the bottom of his class with a commission in the infantry . While serving on the frontier , Wagner saw action during campaigns against the Sioux and Nez Perce from 1876 until 1877 , and the Utes in 1881 . Entering military education while assigned as a professor of military science and tactics at the Louisiana State University and East Florida Seminary , Wagner would win high praise from the Military Service Institution of the United States , and greatly increased his prominence as one of the leading military scholar , for his monograph " The Military Necessities of the United States , and the Best Method of Meeting Them " in 1884 . Following his transfer to Fort Leavenworth , Kansas the next year , Wagner accepted a personal request by the commandant of the United States Infantry and Cavalry School to be an assistant instructor of tactics and the military arts . During this time , as the Infantry and Cavalry School became an official military training school with the establishment of regulations and training programs in 1888 , Wagner would author several important military textbooks including " The Campaign of Koniggratz " ( 1889 ) and " Organization and Tactics " ( 1895 ) . Promoted to captain in 1892 , Wagner was named head of the Military Arts Department two years later . Promoted to major in 1896 , Wagner was transferred to the adjutant general ' s office of the War Department as Chief of the Military Information Division . During the Spanish - American War , Wagner served as a staff officer to Gen . Henry Lawton from June to July 1898 and Gen . Nelson A . Miles until August , serving briefly as adjutant general of the Department of Dakota , before his transfer to the Philippines in December 1899 . During the Philippine – American War , Wagner served in various staff positions , reaching the rank of colonel before returning to the United States in 1902 as adjutant general of the Department of the Lakes at Chicago . Wagner lived in Asheville , North Carolina as a staff officer for the recently established Army War College at the Washington Barracks ( Fort Lesley McNair ) , until his death on June 17 , 1905 , the same day in which he had won promotion to brigadier general . See also . The U . S . Army 1776 - 1899 , An Historical Sketch , by Lieutenat - Colonel Arthur L . Wagoner , printed by The Werner Company in Akron , Ohio , 1899
Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross The Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) was the highest military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire . It was considered a senior decoration to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross . The Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to the most outstanding of generals who performed feats of leadership to the extreme benefit of the German state . It was awarded only twice , over a century apart , to Field Marshal Gebhard von Blücher in 1813 and to Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg in 1918 . Von Blücher ' s award was referred to as the " Blücherstern " while Hindenburg ' s was known as the " Hindenburgstern " . During the reign of Nazi Germany , it was intended to present the Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross as an award to the most successful German General of the Second World War , once Germany had achieved victory . As Germany was defeated in 1945 , the decoration was never bestowed under Nazi authority and has not been awarded since . The only known prototype example of this decoration is today located at the Museum of the United States Military Academy in the USA .
530th Air Force Band The 530th Air Force Band supports global Air Force and Air National Guard missions by fostering patriotism and providing musical services for the military community as well as the general public . History . Originally formed in 1946 , the Air National Guard Band of the South was activated for federal service with the 116th Air Control Wing on October 10 , 1950 . The band was stationed in Alexandria , Louisiana until 1952 , when it was released from active duty . In 1953 , the Georgia Air National Guard reformed the band with Chief Warrant Officer John Love as Commander , a position he held until his retirement in 1960 . Under his leadership , the band achieved recognition as the best Air National Guard band in the United States . Previously known as the 530th Air National Guard Band , the group was renamed Air National Guard Band of the South in 2002 . One of eleven Air National Guard bands , the Band of the South provides music for military ceremonies , official protocol functions , and recruiting and retention events , and community relations . Under the direction of Captain Alan B . McConnell , the Air National Guard Band of the South averages fifty performances a year , and performs regularly throughout its primary area of responsibility ( Georgia , Alabama , Florida , North Carolina , and South Carolina ) as " Goodwill Ambassadors " for the Georgia Air National Guard . Throughout the years , the band ' s reputation has led to requested performances in Mississippi , Louisiana , Tennessee , Wyoming , Montana , Indiana , Michigan , Delaware , the Azores Islands , Norway , and the Dominican Republic . The band has performed for many notable figures , including President Harry S . Truman and the President of Tanzania , honored generals from one star to four , and serenaded dignitaries from mayors and congressmen to governors and presidents . Within the Air National Guard Band of the South are a concert band , ceremonial band , Eagle ' s Flight Jazz Ensemble , a rock / pop ensemble known as Sound Barrier , Space - A Rock Band , Brass Quintet , Woodwind Quintet , and High Flutin , ' a flute ensemble . All members of the band are traditional guardsmen , serving one weekend a month , two weeks during the year and other times when called to duty . Along with all other Army and Air National Guard units , we are proud to be known as " America ' s Citizen Soldiers . " Functions . The 530th provides music for military ceremonies , official functions , recruiting and retention events and community relations . The band averages fifty performances a year and performs regularly throughout its area of responsibility as " Goodwill Ambassadors " for the Georgia Air National Guard . Members are typical guardsmen , serving one weekend a month , two weeks during the summer and at other times when called to duty . The unit performs for audiences all over the world , although it primarily serves communities throughout Georgia , Alabama , Florida , North Carolina , and South Carolina . The units last performance was July 13 , 2013 .
Yang Aiyuan Yang Aiyuan ( 楊愛源 ) ( 1886 – 1959 ) was a KMT general from Shanxi . From 1928 to 1930 , Yang was the first chairman of the government of Chahar , a newly formed province of the Republic of China . In 1937 , as a general of the KMT , he played an active part in the Battle of Taiyuan and the Battle of Xinkou . He died in 1959 in Taiwan .
Satoru Anabuki Imperial Japanese Army Air Force career . Born into a farming family , he entered the Tokyo Army Aviation School in April 1938 , graduating in March 1941 and receiving a promotion to corporal in October . He was assigned to the 3rd Company of the 50th Air Squadron , stationed on Formosa in 1941 . With the outbreak of the Pacific War , he fought in the conquest of the Philippines , where he claimed his first victory , a Curtiss P - 40 , on December 22 , 1941 . On February 9 , 1942 , he shot down two more . Soon after , his unit returned to Japan to exchange their Nakajima Ki - 27 " Nates " for more advanced Ki - 43 " Hayabusa " ( allied code name " Oscar " ) . The 50th Air Squadron was then sent to Burma in June 1942 . He was promoted to sergeant in December . On 24 January 1943 , he shot down his first heavily armed B - 24 bomber . He claimed to have shot down three B - 24s and one P - 38 fighter escort in a single engagement on 8 October 1943 , but this has been disputed . In 1944 , he was reassigned to Japan to be a flight instructor at the Akeno Army Flying School . He flew in the defense of the home islands . In December 1944 , he was promoted to sergeant major and returned to action over the Philippines , where he claimed at least four F6F Hellcats shot down flying the Ki - 84 " Hayate " . Anabuki scored his last victory over Japan , a B - 29 . Postwar . When the Japan Self - Defense Forces were formed in the early 1950s , he enlisted and flew a helicopter for many years before retiring . After the war In 1950 , he enlisted in the National Police Reserve . Via the Police Reserve Force , he served as a captain flying Northeast Ground Self - Defense Force helicopters . He retired as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1971 , subsequently joining Japan Airlines and retiring in 1984 .
Red River Army Depot The Red River Army Depot ( RRAD ) is an facility located west of Texarkana , Texas in Bowie County . The facility has over of storage capacity . RRAD was activated in 1941 to create an ammunition storage facility . The depot was supposed to be deactivated after the findings of the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) commission . However , the depot remained open after the commission changed its mind . The depot was once again slated for closure upon recommendation from the 2005 BRAC commission , but has remained open to provide maintenance support for the army . The depot ' s mission includes repairing MRAPs and HUMVEE s . Letterkenny Army Depot took over some of RRAD ' s missile systems . Downsizing . In February 2013 the depot began rounds of layoffs with target of 10 % of the current workforce of 4000 .
Arthur Edward Cumming Brigadier Arthur Edward Cumming VC OBE MC ( 18 June 1896 – 10 April 1971 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Cumming was 45 years old , and a lieutenant colonel commanding the 2 / 12th Frontier Force Regiment , in the Indian Army during World War II . Lt . Col Cumming and his battalion were defending an airfield during the Battle of Malaya when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC ( currently displayed at the National Army Museum ) . On 3 January 1942 near Kuantan , Malaya , the Japanese made a furious attack on the battalion and a strong enemy force penetrated the position . Lieutenant Colonel Cumming , with a small party of men , immediately led a counter - attack and although all his men became casualties and he , himself , had two bayonet wounds in the stomach he managed to restore the situation sufficiently for the major portion of the battalion and its vehicles to be withdrawn . Later he drove in a carrier , under very heavy fire , collecting isolated detachments of his men and was again wounded . His gallant actions helped the brigade to withdraw safely . Cumming was one of a small number of officers and men who were ordered to be evacuated from Singapore before the island was surrendered on 15 February 1942 . Cumming commanded a battalion of the 9th Jat Regiment before his promotion to brigadier and command of the 63rd Indian Brigade during the Burma Campaign . From 1944 to his retirement in 1947 Brigadier Cumming was in command of the Dehra Dun District in India . His VC is on display at the National Army Museum , Chelsea .
Ajlun Castle Ajloun Castle ; transliterated : Qal ' at Ajloun ; transliterated : is an Ayyubid castle that stands atop Jabal Auf , near Ajloun , in northern Jordan . History . This huge fortress was built by Izz al - Din Usama , a commander and nephew of Salah ad - Din al - Ayyubi ( Saladin ) , in AD 1184 - 1185 . The fortress is considered one of the very few built to protect the country against Crusader attacks from Karak in the south and Bisan in the west . From its situation , the fortress dominated a wide stretch of the northern Jordan Valley , controlled the three main passages that led to it ( Wadi Kufranjah , Wadi Rajeb and Wadi al - Yabes ) , and protected the communication routes between south Jordan and Syria . It was built to contain the progress of the Latin Kingdom of Transjordan and as a retort to the castle of Belvoir a few miles south of the lake of Tiberias . Another major objective of the fortress was to protect the development and control of the iron mines of Ajlun . The original castle core had four corner towers . Arrow slits were incorporated in the thick walls and it was surrounded by a fosse averaging 16 meters ( about 52 feet ) in width and 12 – 15 meters ( about 39 – 49 feet ) in depth . Additional expansion . After Usama ' s death , the castle was enlarged in AD 1214 - 1215 by Aibak ibn Abdullah , the Mamluk governor . He added a new tower in the southeast corner and built the gate . The castle lost its military importance after the fall of Karak in AD 1187 to the Ayyubids . In the middle of the 13th century AD , the castle was conceded to Yousef ibn Ayoub , King of Aleppo and Damascus , who restored the northeastern tower and used the castle as an administrative center . In 1260 AD , the Mongols destroyed sections of the castle , including its battlements . Soon after the victory of the Mamluks over the Mongols at Ain Jalut , Sultan ad - Dhaher Baibars restored the castle and cleared the fosse . The castle was used as a storehouse for crops and provisions . When Izz ad - Din Aibak was appointed governor , he renovated the castle as indicated by an inscription found in the castle ' s south - western tower . During the Ottoman period , a contingent of fifty soldiers was set inside the castle . During the first quarter of the 17th century , Prince Fakhr ad - Din al - Ma ' ni II used it during his fight against Ahmad ibn Tarbay . He supplied the castle with a contingent and provided provisions and ammunition . In 1812 , the Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt found the castle inhabited by around forty people . Two major destructive earthquakes struck the castle in 1837 and 1927 . Recently , the Department of Antiquities of Jordan has sponsored a program of restoration and consolidation of the walls and has rebuilt the bridge over the fosse . Tourism . Ajlun castle is presently open for tourism . Many areas of the castle can be explored . Tourists in Jordan often visit the castle . Inside there is also a museum exhibition with many interesting artefacts from the varios time periods of the region . Notable tourist include Sana Torossian , Sanane Banane , and Miguel Ronaldo .
Toblerone line The Toblerone line is a 10 - km long defensive line made of dragon ' s teeth that was built during the second World War between Bassins and Prangins , in the Canton of Vaud , Switzerland . These lines of defensive blocks can be found all over Switzerland , but more predominantly in border areas . Their purpose was to stop tank invasions . The 2 , 700 9 - ton concrete blocks that make up the defences are similar to the shape of the chocolate bar " Toblerone " , which gave its name to the line . Since the line has been left to nature since its construction , it was decided to keep these concrete blocks and to make a hiking trail along their route . The line was built along twelve fortresses , the most well known being the " Villa Rose " in Gland , which was transformed into a museum and opened to the public in 2006 .
2 / 32nd Battalion ( Australia ) The 2 / 32nd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army , which served during the Second World War . Formed in June 1940 , the battalion served in North Africa in 1941 – 42 as part of the 25th Brigade , which was assigned to the 9th Division , before being assigned to the 24th Brigade . In early 1943 the battalion returned to Australia and later took part in campaigns against the Japanese in New Guinea in 1943 – 44 and Borneo in 1945 , before being disbanded in 1946 . Battle honours . The 2 / 32nd Battalion received the following battle honour s : Commanding officers . The following officers served as commanding officer of the 2 / 32nd :
Scott Brown ( chaplain ) The Reverend Scott James Brown QHC ( born 16 May 1968 ) is a Scottish Presbyterian minister . He became Chaplain of the Fleet for the Royal Navy on 1 November 2010 . The Chaplain of the Fleet is the senior Chaplain in The Royal Navy , and by Order in Council is accorded to be the equivalent of a Rear Admiral . ( 2 * / OF7 ) . He was born in Bellshill , Lanarkshire on 16 May 1968 , son of Margaret and Jim Brown , Hamilton . Educated at Hamilton Grammar School , Bell College of Technology and the University of Aberdeen , he graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1992 . Ordained by the Church of Scotland ( Presbyterian ) , He joined the Royal Navy in April 1993 and served in : The ships of Commodore Minewarfare , Fishery Protection and Diving . ( HMS Raleigh HMS Neptune HMS Sultan ) . On exchange with the Royal Australian Navy ( HMS Cardiff , HMS Kent , HMS Iron Duke ) . Command Training Group . Staff Chaplain to the Chaplain of the Fleet . Promoted Principal Chaplain in 2007 . Appointed at the same time to be an Honorary Chaplain to Her Majesty the Queen . ( QHC ) He entered into a civil partnership with Colin Fleming in 2006
36 - pounder long gun The 36 - pounder long gun was the largest piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of Sail . They were also used for coastal defences . They largely exceeded the heaviest guns fielded by the Army , which were 24 - pounder long gun s . The nominal weight of shot was 36 French " livres " , . Usage . Installed on the lower deck of the larger warships , the 36 - pounder long gun was the largest caliber used in the Navy of the Age of the Sail . Attempts to use 48 - pounders were made , for instance on " Royal Louis " , but these proved impractical to use on ships , partly because their weight allowed for only a few pieces , and because the heavy balls were unwieldy to load by hand . However , some coastal batteries fielded 48 - pounders and even 64 - pounders . In the Royal Navy , a similar role was fulfilled by 32 - pounder long gun s . History . French warships began to bear 36 - pounders under Louis XIV , with the reform of the Navy undertaken by Richelieu . At this time , only first rank warships could carry them . In 1676 , the entire Navy fielded merely 64 such heavy pieces , all bronze . From 1690 , in only two years , their number increased from 115 to 442 ( of which 407 were made of bronze ) , as the number and size of first - rank ships increased . Many 12 - pounders were melted to procure the bronze needed to produce the needed 36 - pounders . A maximum was reached in 1702 with 860 guns ( 411 bronze and 449 iron ) . Under Louis XV , their number was significantly reduced ( 164 in 1718 , 452 in 1741 ) , but from the mid - 18th century , a sustained rearmament effort increased the number of 36 - pounders to 986 in 1756 , 1046 in 1777 and 2484 in 1786 . These guns were all made of iron . They armed the lower battery of the largest warships : a 74 - gun ship of the line would carry 28 ; an 80 - gun , 30 ; and both 110 - gun and 120 - gun , 32 . After the Napoleonic Wars , the 36 - pounder long gun remained in use on older warships , though it was largely superseded by the 30 - pounder long gun on newer units . The 36 - pounders of the 1820s were fitted with flintlock primers , and those produced in this era featured a characteristic ring on the pommel . Operation . A 36 - pounder required a 14 - man crew , comprising one chief gunner , 12 gunners and one powder - boy . To load the piece , the first left - hand gunner would introduce a cartridge into the barrel ; the first right - hand gunner would ram it to the bottom of the barrel ; the first left - hand gunner would introduce the shot and a cloth wad , which would be rammed by the right - hand gunner . Then the crew would bring the gun to bear by pulling ropes . The chief gunner would then pin the cartridge through the touch hole and pour priming powder . The chief gunner would then point the gun with the help of the third and fourth gunners on each sides , and the last gunner on the left would then fire the gun by touching the touch hole with a linstock . Flintlock firing was not standardised in the French navy before the end of the First Empire . The first right - hand gunner would then ram thrice to remove residues from the bore of the gun .
Henri Bentégeat Henri Bentégeat ( born 27 May 1946 in Talence , France ) is a French Army general who served as the chairman of the European Union Military Committee between 2006 and 2009 . Biography . Bentégeat studied at the military academy " École spéciale militaire de Saint - Cyr " , where he enrolled in 1965 and graduated in 1967 . After graduation , he first served with the " Troupes de marine " . From 1990 to 1992 , he served as Assistant Defence Attaché in Washington , D . C . He served as Assistant to the Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic from 1993 . Bentégeat was promoted to the rank of Brigade General in 1996 and to Divisional General in 1998 , when he became assistant to the Director for Strategic Affairs of the French Ministry of Defence . In April 1999 , he was made Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic , was promoted to " Général de corps d ' armée " on 1 September 1999 and to " Général d ' armée " on 4 January 2001 . He became " Chef d ' état - major des armées " ( Chief of the Defence Staff ) in October 2002 . On 6 November 2006 , Bentégeat took up his present position as Chairman of the European Union Military Committee by appointment of the European Council . His term ended on 6 November 2009 , when he was succeeded by Håkan Syrén .