naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Military crest Military crest is a term in military science that refers to , " An area on the forward or reverse slope of a hill or ridge just below the topographical crest from which maximum observation and direct fire covering the slope down to the base of the hill or ridge can be obtained . " The military crest is used in maneuvering along the side of a hill or ridge to provide the maneuvering force maximum visibility of the terrain below and minimize their own visibility by not being silhouetted against the sky , as it would be at the topographical crest of the hill . Observation points ( OPS ) can be located at the military crest if the main defensive position is located on the reverse slope of the hill or ridge , as is usually done if the main defensive position would be vulnerable to the enemy ' s artillery if located at the military crest , making coordinated withdrawal difficult . The main defensive position can be located at the military crest if it is defensible to a strong attack , which gives the defensive force the maximum ability to not only see the approaching attacking forces but also bring maximum firepower to bear at the earliest opportunity .
HMS Phoebe ( 1916 ) HMS " Phoebe " was an built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company at Govan for the Royal Navy that was launched on 20 November 1916 . She saw service during World War I , and took part in the Zeebrugge Raid on 23 April 1918 . Post - war , she was sold for breaking up on 15 November 1921 .
Antanas Ričardas Druvė Antanas Ričardas Druvė ( ; ; ( b . 1867 in Pavirvytys estate , Tryškiai Parish - d . 17 February 1919 ) was a Lithuanian military officer and Russian colonel of the General Staff . Considered to be of French origin , Druvė was born in the Pavirvytis country - estate area , which previously belonged to the szlachta of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . After Napoleon ' s march on Russia , the only person who remained at the country - estate was Drovės ' grandfather . During the years 1887 to 1889 , Druvė studied at Tsar Nikolai ' s cavalry school . He later went on to finish at the Academy of Petersburg General ' s Academy . While at the cavalry school , he was a friend of future Finnish president , Gustaf Mannerheim . During the Russian - Japanese War of 1905 , Druvė was seriously wounded . During World War I , in the autumn of 1915 , Druvė led the 43rd Regiment of the Russian Cavalry , where he was noted for his fighting against the Germans near the River Daugava . Later he served as an officer in the North - Western front , as a member of staff for operations personnel . In 1919 , with encouragement of Povilas Plechavičius , he secretly returned to Lithuania . He organized anti - Soviet national partisan squads in the towns of Eigirdžiai , Raudėnai , Tryškiai , and Ubiškė . Drovė died in his home town during an ambush by the Red Army .
Bagley - class destroyer The " Bagley " class of destroyer s was built by the United States . All eight ships were ordered and laid down in 1935 and subsequently completed in 1937 . Their layout was based upon the " Gridley " - class destroyer design , but they retained the power plants of the " Mahan " - class destroyer s , and thus had a lesser speed than the " Gridley " s . The " Bagley " class destroyers were readily distinguished visually by the external trunking of their boiler uptakes around their single stack . All eight " Bagley " destroyers were present at the Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 , comprising Destroyer Squadron Four . They all served in the Pacific during World War II , with " Jarvis " , " Blue " , and " Henley " lost in combat . In 1944 " Mugford " suffered extensive damage from a kamikaze hit that put her out of combat for six months . The remaining four " Bagley " s operated as Destroyer Squadron Six , with " Ralph Talbot " receiving a kamikaze hit off Okinawa . " Bagley " accepted the surrender of Japanese forces on Marcus Island . " Bagley " , " Helm " , and " Patterson " were decommissioned in 1945 and scrapped in 1947 . " Mugford " and " Ralph Talbot " , still in commission , were targets during the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini atoll in 1946 . Contaminated by radiation , they were scuttled off Kwajalein in 1948 .
John Goode John Goode , Jr . ( May 27 , 1829 – July 14 , 1909 ) was a prominent Virginia Democratic politician who served in the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War and then was a three - term postbellum United States Congressman , as well as the acting Solicitor General of the United States . Biography . Goode was born in Bedford County , Virginia . He was graduated at Emory & Henry College in 1848 , studied law at Lexington Law School , and was admitted to the bar in 1851 . In the latter year he was elected a member of the Virginia House of Delegates , and in 1861 sat in the State convention that passed the ordinance of secession . With the impending dissolution of the United States in 1861 , Goode was elected to the Virginia secession convention . With the affirmative vote and Virginia ' s subsequent secession , Goode was elected to both the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress , serving from February 22 , 1862 , until the end of the war , and during the recesses of that body acted as volunteer aide on the staff of Maj . Gen . Jubal A . Early . After the war , Goode resumed his law practice and again served in the state House of Delegates in 1866 and 1867 . In 1887 , Goode moved to Norfolk and engaged in the practice of the law in Washington , D . C . Shortly after he moved to Norfolk , he was again elected to the Virginia legislature . He was then chosen to the Forty - fourth United States Congress as a Democrat . He was re - elected to the Forty - fifth United States Congress and the Forty - sixth United States Congress , serving from December 6 , 1875 , until March 3 , 1881 . He was Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor during his last two terms . Goode was a member of the Democratic National Conventions of 1868 and 1872 , and was a presidential elector in 1852 , 1856 , and 1884 . In May 1885 , President Grover Cleveland appointed Goode as the acting Solicitor General of the United States , and he retained the office until August 1886 . During his term of service , he visited British Columbia to represent the United States in an extradition case . He later served on the United States and Chilean Claims Commission and was President of the Virginia Bar Association . He also was President of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1901 and 1902 . Goode died at the age of 80 in Norfolk and was buried in Longwood Cemetery in Bedford , Virginia . ( see http : / / files . usgwarchives . org / va / bedford / cemeteries / longwood . txt ) Electoral History . 1874 . Goode was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives defeating Republican James Henry Platt , Jr . and Independent Republican Robert Norton , winning 49 . 43 % of the vote . 1876 . Goode was re - elected defeating Republican Joseph Secar , winning 52 . 97 % of the vote . 1878 . Goode was re - elected defeating Republican John Frederick Dezendorf , winning 56 . 73 % of the vote .
Mitch Toryanski Mitch Toryanski ( born May 1 , 1958 ) is a Republican member of the Idaho Senate . He was elected in 2010 to represent the southeast Boise - based 18th Legislative District . Toryanski is married to Kim Wherry Toryanski and is a father to three : Marshall , Nicholas and Natalya . Early Life and Career . Toryanski is an alumnus of the United States Military Academy , the United States Army War College and The American University . He also studied Russian at the Defense Language Institute . Toryanski served in the United States Army from 1976 to 1992 , the United States Army Reserve from 1992 to 1996 , and the Idaho Army National Guard from 1996 to 2010 . As a lawywer he has worked as an Idaho deputy Attorney General and as a deputy Ada County prosecutor . Elections . In the 2010 race for the Idaho Senate seat vacated by Kate Kelly , Toryanski defeated Democratic state representative Branden Durst by 103 votes . Durst has indicated he will run against Toryanski again in 2012 . In 2012 Durst defeated Toryanski by a 53 - 46 margin . Committees . Toryanski is a member of the following committees : Organizations . He is a member of ;
Kosmos 2076 Kosmos 2076 ( meaning " Cosmos 2076 " ) is a Russian US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1990 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 2076 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 11 : 37 UTC on 28 April 1990 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1990 - 040A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20596 .
SM UB - 84 SM " UB - 84 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 31 October 1917 as SM " UB - 84 " . " UB - 84 " was lost in a collision on 7 December 1917 in the Baltic Sea at . She was later raised and used as a training boat . On 26 November 1918 she was surrendered to the French in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany and broken up in Brest in 1921 . Construction . She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 3 October 1917 . " UB - 84 " was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 84 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 84 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 84 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Ernst Häussler Ernst Häussler was a Standartenführer ( Colonel ) , in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Ernst Häussler was born on 31 March 1914 at Württemberg . He volunteered to join the SS in May 1933 and given the service number 217 , 862 . His NSDAP party number was 1 , 150 , 866 . After enlistment , he was assigned to the SS Standarte " Deutschland " . He was promoted to Unterscharführer in April 1935 , and the following year was selected to be an officer and posted to the SS - Junkerschule at Braunschweig . After graduation he was posted back to the SS - VT in Oberbayern and served at Dachau concentration camp between 1936 and 1939 . World War II . In 1940 , Häussler was posted to the newly formed SS " Totenkopf " Division as the commander of its 5th company . He was awarded the Iron Cross ( 2nd class ) in June 1940 and the Wound Badge in Black for his first wound of the war . He participated in the invasion of the Soviet Union ( Operation Barbarossa ) and was awarded the Iron Cross ( 1st class ) in July 1941 . He was later awarded the Winter War 1941 / 42 medal . In April 1943 he was awarded the German Cross in Gold and was then promoted to Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in June 1943 . This was followed by the award of the Knight ' s Cross in August 1943 . Häussler went on to command the 1st SS " Totenkopf " Reserve Battalion before a posting as a battalion commander in the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division " Götz von Berlichingen " ( The name referred to the 15th century German knight who had , after losing his right hand in battle , wore an iron prosthetic hand . In keeping with this , the division ' s emblem was a clenched iron fist ) . He later returned to the " SS Totenkopf " , as the commander of 5th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Totenkopf " . Later life . Häussler survived the war and died of heart failure on 14 July 1979 at Öhringen .
50th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 50th Brigade was a formation of British Army . It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army . It was assigned to the 17th ( Northern ) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War .
Putnam Memorial State Park Putnam Memorial State Park is named for Major General Israel Putnam who chose the site as the winter encampment for his men during the winter of 1778 / 1779 . The former American Revolutionary War encampment and park is located at the intersection of Route 107 and Route 58 in Redding , Connecticut , in the United States of America . It is Connecticut ' s oldest state park , established in 1887 by Redding resident Charles Burr Todd . History . Over 3000 men were sent into winter quarters spread throughout three camps in Redding . The camps were established to keep an eye on the storehouses in Danbury , Connecticut , and to protect Long Island Sound and the Hudson River Valley . Many of these men were the same who had suffered at Valley Forge the previous winter . The 2nd Canadian Regiment , or Congress ' Own , under the command of Moses Hazen and the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment under the command of Enoch Poor were stationed at the current park . Activities and amenities . The park also has picnicking , pond fishing , and ice skating .
4th Regiment West Virginia Cavalry The 4th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 4th West Virginia Cavalry was enlisted in Parkersburg and Wheeling in western Virginia between July and August 1863 for one year ' s service . The regiment was mustered out on June 23 , 1864 . Casualties . The 4th West Virginia Cavalry suffered 30 enlisted men dead from disease for a total of 30 deaths .
French frigate Latouche - Tréville ( D646 ) Latouche - Tréville is a F70 type anti - submarine frigate of the French " Marine Nationale " . She is the third French vessel named after the 18 - 19th century politician and admiral Louis - René Levassor de Latouche Tréville . Note : The French navy does not use the term " destroyer " for its ships . Thus , some large ships , referred to as " frigates " , are registered as destroyers . Service history . In November 2006 and again in June 2010 , " Latouche Treville " visited London on diplomatic duties , and was moored alongside the Second World War cruiser , . In the autumn of 2009 , while attached to an international force of NATO vessels , " Latouche Treville " visited Portsmouth Naval Base , UK , with vessels of the Dutch , Norwegian , Spanish and Turkish navies . 15 October 2012 it was moored at Leith Docks in Scotland .
Wilhelm Bach Wilhelm Bach ( 5 November 1892 – 22 December 1942 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . His defence of Halfaya Pass gave rise to his nickname ( alluding to his peacetime occupation as a Lutheran minister ) , ' the Pastor of Hellfire Pass ' . Wilhelm Bach was captured by British troops in Libya and was taken to South Africa and later Canada . He died after cancer surgery at Chorley Park military hospital in Toronto and was posthumously promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant der Reserve .
Battle of Trembowla The Battle of Trembowla , more popularly known as the Defence of Trembowla took place between September 20 – October 11 , 1675 , during the Polish - Ottoman War ( 1672 - 1676 ) . Heroic resistance of Polish forces became a symbol , and was glorified and immortalised in the paintings of Franciszek Smuglewicz , Józef Peszka and Aleksander Lesser . The castle in Trembowla was built in the 14th century on a high hill over the valley of the Hniezna river . Despite its small size ( 100 metres by 40 metres ) , it was a strong fortress with walls up to 4 metres thick . After the Turks had captured Kamieniec Podolski ( see Siege of Kamieniec Podolski ) , Trembowla was one of the few Podolian strongholds still in Polish hands . In the summer of 1675 , a 30 , 000 strong Turkish - Tatar army under Sisman Ibrahim entered Red Ruthenia , a province of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . On July 27 , the invaders captured Zbaraz , on September 11 , Podhajce , and on September 20 , the Turks approached Trembowla . The castle was defended by a small unit of 80 infantry soldiers , some members of the local nobility , supported by 200 poorly armed , untrained peasants and residents of the town , who fled to the castle . Before the siege , a unit of dragoon s stationed here , but was ordered to leave Trembowla , due to food shortages . Polish forces were commanded by Captain Jan Samuel Chrzanowski , whose wife , Anna Dorota Chrzanowska ( née Anna Dorota von Fresen ) , became immortalized after the siege . Despite Turkish efforts , the defenders of castle managed to hold their positions after several attacks . After several days , however , shortages of food and water became severe , and Captain Chrzanowski decided to surrender . His wife disagreed with this decision , and threatened to commit suicide if her husband proceeded with the planned surrender , thereby stiffening his spine and creating an atmosphere for defending the castle . Furthermore , Anna Dorota urged the defenders to carry out an attack on Turkish positions , which resulted in heavy losses among the invaders . Chrzanowska ’ s determination raised the morale among the Poles , but their loses were also heavy . In the night of October 4 / 5 , only 20 soldiers were able to fight . Facing danger from forces of Jan III Sobieski , which concentrated near Lwow , the Turks decided to end the siege on October 11 . In 1676 Polish Sejm allowed the Chrzanowski couple to become the szlachta , with the right to use the Poraj coat of arms . They became celebrities , famous all over the Commonwealth and abroad . In 1683 Chrzanowski was named stolnik of Smolensk and Mielnik , and a monument of his wife was erected in Trembowla . The story of Anna Chrzanowska inspired Polish painters and writers alike , for example she was a heroine in a drama written by Józef Wybicki . Furthermore , Zofia Kossak wrote a novel " Trembowla " , and Andrzej Waligorski wrote a poem " Piesn o obronie Trembowli " , which was performed by Andrzej Chyla .
SAS Spear The SAS " Spear ( S97 ) , formerly known as the SAS " Maria van Riebeeck , was a of the South African Navy ( SAN ) . It was the SAN ' s first submarine . It was decommissioned in 2003 and subsequently scrapped . In 1967 , after nearly two years of negotiations , an order was placed with the French Government for three " Daphné " class submarines . The first of these submarines was the SAS " Maria van Riebeek " . It was launched on 18 March 1976 - the date marks the birth of the SAN ' s submarine service . References .
W59 The W59 was an American thermonuclear warhead used on some Minuteman I ICBM missiles from 1962 - 1969 , and planned to be used on the cancelled GAM - 87 Skybolt air - launched ballistic missile . The W59 was 16 . 3 inches in diameter and 47 . 8 inches long , and it weighed 550 pounds . It had a design yield of 1 megaton . A total of 150 W59 warheads were produced during its lifetime . The W59 was one of five nuclear weapon designs identified by researcher Chuck Hansen as using the common design Tsetse primary or first fission bomb stage . Hansen ' s research indicates that the Tsetse primary was used in the US B43 nuclear bomb , W44 nuclear warhead , W50 nuclear warhead , B57 nuclear bomb , and W59 . Historical evidence indicates that these weapons shared a reliability problem , which Hansen attributes to miscalculation of the reaction cross section of Tritium in fusion reactions . The weapons were not tested as extensively as some prior models due to a mid - 1960s nuclear test moratorium , and the reliability problem was discovered and fixed after the moratorium ended . This problem was apparently shared by the Python primary designs .
3rd Minnesota Light Artillery Battery 3rd Minnesota Light Artillery Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . The battery was mustered in at Fort Snelling , Minnesota between February 2 to May 1 , 1863 from members of the 6th , 7th , 8th , 9th , and 10th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment s . The 3rd Minnesota Light Artillery Battery was mustered out at St . Paul , Minnesota on February 27 , 1866 . Casualties and total strength . The 3rd Minnesota Light Artillery Battery lost no men killed in action or died of wounds received in battle and 4 enlisted men died of disease . Total fatalities were 4 .
Nakhimov Naval School The Nakhimov Naval School or simply Nakhimov School ( ) is a form of military education for teenager s introduced in the Soviet Union and once also located in other cities . They are named after Imperial Russia n admiral Pavel Nakhimov . The first Nakhimov School was introduced in Tbilisi in 1943 during the second world war , for sons of military personnel who died in action . The Tbilisi Nakhimov Naval School ( ) existed during 1943 - 1955 . In 1944 the Leningrad Nakhimov Naval School started to operate . Riga Nakhimov Naval School ( , ) existed during 1945 - 1953 . In modern Russia only the St . Petersburg Nakhimov School continues to exist . References . http : / / nvmu . edumil . ru /
Bell 207 Sioux Scout The Bell 207 Sioux Scout was a modified Bell 47 helicopter , developed by Bell Helicopter under contract from the United States Army , as a proof - of - concept demonstrator for the Bell D - 255 helicopter gunship design , featuring a tandem cockpit , stub wings , and a chin - mounted gun turret . Design and development . After several years development Bell displayed the mockup of its " D - 255 Iroquois Warrior " to Army officials in June 1962 , hoping to solicit funding for further development . The D - 255 was planned to be a purpose - built attack aircraft based on the UH - 1B airframe and dynamic components with a new , slender airframe and a two - seat , tandem cockpit , featuring a grenade launcher in a ball turret on the nose , a 20 mm belly - mounted gun pod , and stub wings for mounting rockets or SS . 10 anti - tank missile s . A proof of concept contract was awarded to Bell in December 1962 for the Model 207 Sioux Scout , which was , in essence , a new forward fuselage and Bell 47G - 3 dynamic parts fitted to a Bell 47J center and rear fuselage . The Sioux Scout included all the key features of a modern helicopter gunship – a tandem cockpit , stub wings for weapons , and a chin - mounted gun turret . The tandem cockpit placed the gunner in the lower front seat and pilot in the rear , with both crew positions featured flight controls . The gunners position featured a gun sight and turret controls located in the centre , so the flying controls were moved to the side of the front cockpit . The gunner controlled a chin - mounted gun turret with twin 7 . 62 mm ( . 308 in ) M60 machine guns . The stub wings held external fuel tanks . First flown in July 1963 , the Bell 207 demonstrated improved manoeuvrability over the Bell 47 / OH - 13 , derived from the stub wings . A variety of different wings , cowlings and tail surfaces were tested on the 207 before it was turned over to Army pilots at Fort Benning , Georgia for further testing at the end of 1963 . After evaluating the Sioux Scout in early 1964 , the Army was impressed , but also felt the Sioux Scout was undersized , underpowered , and generally not suited for practical use . Later in 1964 , the Army requested proposals for its Advanced Aerial Fire Support System ( AAFSS ) . In response , Bell proposed the D - 262 ( Model 209 ) , a smaller version of the D - 255 , making better use of the T53 engine from the UH - 1 . However , the Bell D - 262 was not selected as a finalist in the competition , which was won by the abortive Lockheed AH - 56 Cheyenne . Despite losing the AAFSS competition the Model 209 achieved great success as the Bell AH - 1 Cobra .