naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Action of 2 March 1808 The Action of 2 March 1808 was a minor naval battle between the Royal Navy ' s 18 - gun " Cruizer " - class brig - sloop HMS " Sappho " , and the 28 - gun , Danish two - decker brig " Admiral Yawl " , during the Gunboat War . " Sappho " , under the command of Captain George Langford , discovered and chased " Admiral Yawl " , which was steering a course in order to cut off several merchant vessels to leeward . After a short engagement " Sappho " captured the " Admiral Yawl " , commanded by Jørgen Jørgensen . " Admiral Yawl " appears in references under a variety of names including " Admiral Yorol " and " Admiral Juul " . Action . On 2 March " Sappho " wascruising off Scarborough when she discovered an armed brig that was steering a course as if intending to cut off several merchant vessels to leeward . " Sappho " gave chase and at about 1330 hours fired a shot over the brig , which was showing British colours . Substituting Danish for British colours , which she had previously hoisted to deceive " Sappho " , the Danish vessel responded to a shot fired over her by discharging her broadside . Langford immediately bore down and brought what turned out to be the " Admiral Yawl " to close action . The engagement lasted about half an hour before " Admiral Yawl " struck her colours . In the engagement " Sappho " had one man wounded and one man injured . " Admiral Yawl " had two dead : her second officer and a seaman . As a result of the action Langford received promotion to post - captain , and in 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval general Service Medal with the clasp " Sappho 2 March 1808 " to all surviving claimants from the action . " Sappho " carried sixteen 32 - pounder carronade s and two 6 - pounder guns , manned by a crew of 120 men and boys . " Admiral Yawl " was a brig , but unusual in that she had her armament on two decks ; on her first or lower deck she had twelve 18 - pounder carronades and on her second , or principal deck , she carried sixteen 6 - pounder guns . Her crew consisted of 83 men and boys . The weight of the broadsides favored " Sappho " at 262 pounds versus 156 pounds for the " Admiral Yawl " , as did the relative size of the crews . The Danish captain was the colourful and erratic adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen , who in 1801 had been a member of the crew , and perhaps second in command , of " Lady Nelson " . On " Lady Nelson " he participated in at least one voyage of exploration along the coast of Australia . In his autobiography he states that his father joined seven other merchants from Copenhagen jointly to purchase the " Admiral Yawl " and present it to the Crown in a spirit of reprisal against the British after the Battle of Copenhagen ( 1807 ) . The Government commissioned , manned , and armed " Admiral Yawl " . Jorgenson reports that by cutting through the ice a month before it was expected that any vessel could get out , he was able to come unawares among the English traders and capture eight or nine ships before " Sappho " interrupted his cruise .
Civilian Labor Group Civilian Labor Group or CLG are organisations of German or other European nationals employed by the US Army in Europe . They often wear American fatigues or a blue uniform with various insignia identifying them as CLG members . History . The Labor Service Units were created during to support Berlin Airlift of 1948 - 1949 . With the creation of the Bundeswehr in 1955 , the Labor Service Units were renamed Civilian Labor Groups . The units performed a variety of functions such as Signals , Construction , Bridging , and Security . One CLG was assigned to the US Army ' s 565th Engineer Battalion .
Freeman Gill Freeman Gill ( September 5 , 1851 – April 8 , 1905 ) was a Gunner ' s Mate first class serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Gill was born on September 5 , 1851 in Boston , Massachusetts and entering the Navy was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the as a Gunner ' s Mate first class . He died April 8 , 1905 and was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery and Crematory in Everett , Massachusetts . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Gunner ' s Mate First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 5 September 1851 , Boston , Mass . Accredited to : Massachusetts . G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Marblehead during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Gill set an example of extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
Enemy alien In law , an enemy alien is a citizen of a country which is in a state of conflict with the land in which he or she is located . Usually , but not always , the countries are in a state of declared war . United Kingdom . At the outbreak of World War II , in 1939 , the United Kingdom had become a place of refuge for people who had fled Nazi persecution , including Jews and political refugees . At first , the authorities interned these refugees with other enemy residents , without distinction . Later on , when Italy also declared war , significant numbers of Italian residents were also interned . The Isle of Man , relatively isolated from the British mainland and with a useful amount of holiday accommodation was used to provide housing for the " Alien Civilians " ( as it had in World War I ) . There were also efforts to move internees from Britain . In July , 1940 , the " Arandora Star " was torpedoed and sunk while transporting Italian and German aliens to North America ; 743 died , including prisoners , crew and guards . The 813 surviving prisoners were subsequently included in the 2 , 500 men transported by HMT " Dunera " for internment in Hay , New South Wales . United States . A well - known example of enemy aliens were the Japanese citizens residing in the United States during World War II . Many of these Japanese and Japanese - Americans were imprisoned in internment camps by President Roosevelt during wartime , alongside many Italian - Americans . It is important , however , to recognize that the Japanese - Americans and Italian - Americans were not actually " aliens " , as they held American citizenship , only the non - American citizens can be correctly termed " enemy aliens " and be interned . However , German American , Italian American and Japanese American permanent resident aliens were interned in the United States during WWII . In total 10 , 905 Italian Americans and approximately 110 , 000 Japanese Americans were interned in many different camps and sites across the country . German Americans were held in more than 50 different locations . Citizens of an enemy country who lived in the USA during World War II , were required to have a " Enemy Alien " card and register monthly with the authorities . Similar regulations existed in Canada and Mexico .
USS Frybarger ( DE - 705 ) USS " Frybarger " ( DE / DEC - 705 ) was a of the United States Navy , named for Private First Class Raymond Frybarger , Jr . ( 1923 – 1942 ) , who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his heroism during the Battle of Edson ' s Ridge on Guadalcanal . " Frybarger " was launched on 25 January 1944 at the Defoe Shipbuilding Company , in Bay City , Michigan , sponsored by Miss Carol J . Frybarger , sister of PFC Frybarger . The ship was commissioned on 18 May 1944 , with Lieutenant Commander G . C . Ewing , USNR , in command . Service history . World War II , 1944 – 1945 . After two convoy escort voyages to Bizerte made between 25 July and 18 November 1944 , " Frybarger " received new equipment and trained for Pacific duty . She arrived at " Manus " on 23 January 1945 , and began escort duty to and in the Philippines until 30 August . Ports of call for her during this assignment included the Carolines ; Lingayen Gulf , Manila , and Zamboanga in the Philippines ; Hollandia ; and on one voyage , Okinawa . Post - war activities , 1945 – 1946 . " Frybarger " arrived at Buckner Bay , Okinawa , on 3 September 1945 for duty escorting transports carrying troops to occupation duty in Korea and China until sailing for home on 8 November . She arrived at Boston , Massachusetts , on 15 December , and at Green Cove Springs , Florida , on 20 January 1946 . There she was decommissioned and placed in reserve on 30 June 1947 . Control escort vessel , 1950 – 1954 . Equipped with additional communication gear during her reactivation , " Frybarger " was reclassified DEC - 705 on 13 September 1950 and recommissioned 6 October 1950 as a control escort vessel . After training in the Caribbean , she arrived at her home port , San Diego , on 11 March 1951 which included service as vessel for landing ship s and craft in amphibious exercises , and training for students of the Fleet Sonar School , San Diego . Between 6 March and 2 October 1952 , " Frybarger " made a tour of duty with the 7th Fleet in the Far East , serving on barrier patrol off Okinawa , in amphibious exercises off Japan , training with submarine s , and visiting Japanese ports . A second Far Eastern deployment between 1 September 1953 and 5 June 1954 found " Frybarger " concentrating on amphibious exercises with marines on the beaches of Okinawa ; Inchon , Korea ; Chigasaki , Japan ; and in the Bonins . Decommissioning and sale . " Frybarger " was decommissioned for a second time at San Diego on 9 December 1954 , and placed in reserve . She was reclassified back to DE - 705 on 27 December 1957 . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 December 1972 , sold on 27 November 1973 , and broken up for scrap .
Montalto Di Castro Airfield Montalto Di Castro Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy , located approximately 16 km southwest of Canino , in the province of Viterbo ( northern Lazio ) in the internal part of Maremma Laziale , 90 km north - northwest of Rome . It was an all - weather temporary field built by the United States Army Air Force XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface , with a prefabricated hessian ( burlap ) surfacing known as PHS . PHS was made of an asphalt - impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track ( SMT ) grid of wire joined in 3 - inch squares . Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas , as well as for dispersal sites , when it was available . In addition , tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Once completed it was turned over for use by the Twelfth Air Force 324th Fighter Group , 14 June and 19 July 1944 , P - 40 Warhawk During the Invasion of Southern France ( Operation Dragoon ) , the airfield may have been used by elements of the 314th Troop Carrier Group in mid - August 1944 After the Americans moved out the airfield was dismantled . Today , traces of the runway are visible in aerial photographs , but the landscape is predominantley agriculture which has erased the remainder of the airfield .
Wilhelm D . Styer Wilhelm Delp Styer ( July 22 , 1893 - February 26 , 1975 ) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army . Biography . Styer was born on July 22 , 1893 , in Salt Lake City , Utah . He was the son of Brigadier General Henry D . Styer ( 1862 – 1944 ) , who led U . S . troops in Siberia at end of World War I . Wilhelm Styer graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1916 and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant of Engineers . He served in the Pancho Villa Expedition from 1916 to 1917 . Styer also served in France during World War I . From 1919 to 1920 he served on the staff of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in Washington , D . C . Styer received a bachelor ' s degree in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1922 . During the 1920s Styer served in New York City as Executive Officer of the Army Corps of Engineers ' First New York District , as the district ' s Chief Engineer , and as an Engineer in Europe for the American Battle Monuments Commission . In 1931 Styer was appointed District Engineer for the Corps of Engineers district headquartered in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He was assigned as Assistant Engineer for Maintenance at the Panama Canal in 1936 , and in 1938 he was assigned to the Construction Office of the Army ' s Office of the Quartermaster General . From 1940 to 1942 Styer was Deputy Chief of Construction for the War Department , receiving promotion to Brigadier General . General Styer was Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff of Army Service Forces from 1940 to 1942 and was promoted to Major General in 1942 . From 1942 to 1945 Styer was a member of the Military Policy Committee , a group that included Admiral William Henry Purnell Blandy ( 1890 – 1954 ) and Brigadier General Leslie Groves ( 1896 – 1970 ) . The MPC oversaw Development of Substitute Materials ( DSM ) , the project that studied atomic energy during World War II and was later renamed the Manhattan Project . Styer was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1944 . In 1945 Styer was named Commander in Chief of US Army Forces — Western Pacific , based in Manila , Philippines . In this assignment he chaired the tribunal that tried and convicted General Tomoyuki Yamashita ( 1885 – 1946 ) for war crimes , and he signed Yamashita ’ s execution order . General Styer also chaired the tribunal that tried General Masaharu Homma ( 1887 – 1946 ) , the Japanese conqueror of Bataan and Corregidor , for war crimes , and ordered Homma ' s execution . General Styer retired from the Army in 1947 . He died on February 26 , 1975 in , Coronado , California , and his remains were cremated at Coronado Mortuary . General Styer ' s medals and decorations included two awards of the Distinguished Service Medal . He was the brother of Admiral Charles Wilkes Styer ( 1897 – 1976 ) .
Essex Junior The sloop Essex Junior , formerly the British whaler " Atlantic " , Captain Obadiah ( or Obed ) Wier ( or Wyer , of Nantucket ) , was captured by the frigate " Essex " , Captain David Porter , off the Galapagos Islands on 29 April 1813 . Porter took " Atlantic " to use as a tender , named her " Essex Junior " , and placed her under the command of Commander John Downes . The British recaptured her on 28 March 1814 when the captured " Essex " . They then sent " Essex Junior " to New York as a cartel . " Atlantic " . From 1804 to August 1806 Obadiah Web had sailed the whaler " Fame " to the Pacific , returning to Nantucket with 1000 barrels of sperm oil . On this voyage , " Atlantic " had left Nantucket earlier in 1813 . " Atlantic " was already pierced for 20 guns though only mounting six , so Porter augmented her existing armament with 6 - pounder guns and additional 18 - pounder carronades . He also put on board a crew of 60 officers and men . Encounter with the Royal Navy . After cruising in the waters off the western coast of South America " Essex Junior " accompanied " Essex " to the island of Nuka Hiva in the Marquesas Group where repairs were made . " Essex Junior " returned with Porter in " Essex " , leaving on 12 December and reaching the coast of Chile on 12 January 1814 . On 8 February 1814 HMS " Phoebe " and HMS " Cherub " arrived at Valparaíso , a neutral port , where " Essex " and her prizes were anchored . Having trapped " Essex " in the harbour , the British waited six weeks for her to come out and thwarted all her efforts to escape . Eventually , on 28 March , Porter attempted to break out of the harbour . A squall took off his main topmast and he attempted to return to harbour but " Phoebe " and " Cherub " drove " Essex " into a nearby bay and defeated her in a short engagement . " Phoebe " and " Cherub " also captured " Essex Junior " . In the engagement , " Phoebe " had four men killed , including her first lieutenant , and seven men wounded . " Cherub " had one killed and three wounded , including her captain . The British reported that " Essex " had 24 killed and 45 wounded , though the Americans reported higher casualties . Lieutenant Pearson of " Phoebe " commanded the prize crew that sailed " Essex " back to Britain , where he was promoted to Commander . Her captors used " Essex Junior " as a cartel to transport their prisoners of war to New York . Just outside of New York , a British warship detained them overnight . Porter took the view that the detention abrogated the cartel he had signed with Hillyer of " Phoebe " , and contrived to escape on shore . The British released " Essex Junior " , and she sailed into harbour , past various forts that mistook her for an enemy ship and fired on her , without effect . When she arrived at New York in July 1814 , the marshal of the district seized her . She was condemned , and sold for US $ 25 , 000 on 26 August .
Tachikawa Ki - 17 The was a basic training aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force built by Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd in the 1930s . It was known to the Allies under the nickname of Cedar during World War II . Design and development . The Ki - 9 was originally planned to be manufactured in two versions using the same basic airframe , but with different engines for service as either a primary or intermediate trainer . However , when the lower - powered form proved to be unsuitable due a center of gravity issue , design of a new airframe was ordered for the basic trainer version , and was given the new designation of Ki - 17 . Compared to the Ki - 9 , the Ki - 17 had equal - span wings , a slimmer fuselage and a revised tailplane . It was powered by a Hitachi Ha - 13 a radial engine . The first prototype flew in July 1935 . The only major change made to subsequent production aircraft was the deletion of the upper - wing ailerons to eliminate oversensitive control inputs . Operational history . The Ki - 17 was introduced to service as the Army Type 95 - 3 Basic Grade Trainer Model A under the former aircraft naming nomenclature system . Tachikawa manufactured 560 Ki - 17s between 1936 and 1943 and the type saw service with the Army Air Academy and flight training schools .
AN / APQ - 13 The AN / APQ - 13 radar was a ground scanning radar developed by Bell Laboratories , Western Electric , and MIT as an improved model of the airborne H2X radar , itself developed from the first ground scanning radar , the British H2S radar . It was used on B - 29 s during World War II in the Pacific theater for high altitude area bombing , search and navigation . Computation for bombing could be performed by an impact predictor . A range unit permitted a high degree of accuracy in locating beacons . The radome was carried on the aircraft belly between the bomb bays and was partially retractable on early models . The radar operated at a frequency of 9375 ± 45 megahertz and used a superheterodyne receiver . Weather radar use . The AN / APQ - 13 radar was the first military radar converted to civilian use as a weather warning radar . About 30 systems were converted , starting in late 1945 . They were installed at military bases . The last operational APQ - 13 was removed from the Fort Sill , Oklahoma post weather station in October 1977 for display at what is now the National Museum of the United States Air Force . The museum intended to display it in its original configuration as a navigation and bombing radar , but would note the radar ' s much longer history as an operational weather radar . The AN / APQ - 13 weather radars were generally replaced by the AN / CPS - 9 , which was specifically designed as a weather radar .
Richard Guyon Richard Debaufre Guyon ( 1813 – 12 October 1856 ) , British soldier , general in the Hungarian revolutionary army and Turkish pasha ( Kurshid Pasha ) , was born at Walcot , near Bath , Somerset . After receiving a military education in England , Guyon fought against Dom Miguel in the Liberal Wars in Portugal . In 1832 Guyon entered the Austrian service joining the Hungarian Hussar s ; and on being attached as aide - de - camp to Baron Splényi , married the daughter of that general in 1838 . From that time till the outbreak of the revolution , Guyon led the life of a country gentleman on his estates near Komárom , but was one among the first to offer his services to the national government as an officer of the Royal Hungarian Army , and played a prominent part in the struggle for independence during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . During the retreat of Artúr Görgey ' s army , Guyon carried the mountain - pass of Branyiszko , and by that daring feat of his re - established the communication with the government at Debrecen , as also with the several other Hungarian army corps . He won great distinction in the Battle of Pákozd ( 29 September 1848 ) and the Battle of Schwechat ( 30 October ) and after the Battle of Kapolna ( 26 and 27 February 1849 ) was made a general . When , in April 1849 , the garrison of the besieged Fortress of Komárom was to be apprised of the victorious approach of the national army , Guyon , with a detachment of hussars , cut his way through the enemy ' s lines , and announced the approaching relief . The bloody Battle of Szőreg ( 5 August 1849 ) allowed General Henryk Dembiński , protected by the self - sacrificing ten battalions of Guyon , to retire to Temesvár , where the Battle of Temesvár , the last in the campaign , was fought and lost on 9 August . Guyon escaped to Turkey . In 1852 Guyon entered the service of the Sultan without being required to change his faith . Under the name of Kourshid Pasha , he , as a general of division , was Governor of Damascus , and at the beginning of the Crimean war , did much to organise the army of Kars . Guyon died of cholera at Scutari in 1856 . According to the " Oxford Dictionary of National Biography " he was " the first Christian to obtain the rank of pasha and a Turkish military command without being obliged to change his religion " . The 1863 " Chambers Encyclopaedia " states " Indomitable courage , and an incessant care for the comfort of the troops under his command , were the chief features in Guyon ' s character " .
Military of Seychelles The Military of Seychelles is the Seychelles People ' s Defence Force which consists of a number of distinct branches : including an Infantry Unit , Coast Guard , Air Force and a Presidential Protection Unit . Statistics . Military manpower - availability : < br > " males age 15 - 49 : " 23 , 210 ( 2002 est . ) Military manpower - fit for military service : < br > " males age 15 - 49 : " 11 , 560 ( 2002 est . ) Military expenditures - dollar figure : $ 14 . 85 million ( 2005 ) Military expenditures - percent of GDP : 2 . 1 % ( 2005 ) Coast Guard . The Seychelles Coast Guard is the maritime arm of the Seychelles People ' s Defence Force . Air Force . The Seychelles Air Force was originally formed in 1978 as the Air Wing and has the following aircraft :
1st ( Silesian ) Life Cuirassiers " Great Elector " The 1st ( Silesian ) Life Cuirassiers were a heavy cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army . The regiment was originally formed as " Dragoon Guards " in 1674 and reorganized as a cuirassiers unit in 1718 . The regiment fought in the Silesian Wars and the War of the Sixth Coalition 1813 - 15 , the Austro - Prussian War , the Franco - Prussian War and World War I . The regiment was disbanded in 1919 . Between 1815 and 1863 , its commander was Prince Frederick of Prussia ( 1794 – 1863 ) .
USS Sabot ( SP - 213 ) USS " Sabot " ( SP - 213 ) was the proposed name and designation of a motorboat the United States Navy acquired for service as a patrol vessel in World War I but never commissioned or otherwise placed in service . " Sabot " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name by the Great Lakes Boat Company at Milwaukee , Wisconsin , and was owned by Mr . M . T . Clark of Winnetka , Illinois . The Navy took possession of her on 8 June 1917 for use on section patrol during World War I and assigned her the section patrol boat number SP - 213 but never placed her in service . " Sabot " was returned to her owner and stricken from the Navy List on 17 September 1917 .