naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
32nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The 32nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union army during the American Civil War . The nucleus of the regiment was a battalion of six companies raised in September 1861 to garrison Fort Warren , the largest fortification in Boston harbor . The battalion was originally known as the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Infantry or the Fort Warren Battalion . The unit was transferred to the battle front following Abraham Lincoln ' s urgent call for troops in response to the Confederate advance on Washington during Jackson ' s Valley Campaign in May 1862 . The Fort Warren Battalion arrived in Northern Virginia in June 1862 and , though it did not yet have a complete regimental roster of 10 companies , it then became known as the 32nd Regiment Massachusetts Infantry . In July 1862 , the 32nd was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and was shipped to Fortress Monroe to join its new command at the close of the unsuccessful Peninsular Campaign . During the summer of 1862 , four more companies were added to the unit and by September 3 , 1862 , the 32nd had a full regimental roster . The regiment took part in 30 battles overall including the Second Battle of Bull Run , the Battle of Antietam , the Battle of Fredericksburg , the Battle of Gettysburg , and numerous engagements during the Overland Campaign and the Siege of Petersburg . In the Overland Campaign , during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House , the unit was heavily engaged and suffered 54 percent casualties — its worst casualties of the war . The composition of the 32nd Massachusetts was unusual in that it was continually replenished , during the latter months of the war , by men from disbanded regiments who had reenlisted for a second term of service . In all , remnants of seven different regiments were consolidated with the 32nd including the 9th , 12th , 13th , 18th , 22nd , and 39th Massachusetts Infantries . After the Confederate surrender , the 32nd Massachusetts participated in the Grand Review of the Armies in Washington , D . C . , then returned to Boston and was disbanded on July 11 , 1865 .
Battle of Dyrrhachium ( 1018 ) The Battle of Dyrrhachium in February 1018 was a part of the Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars . It happened as the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Vladislav tried to establish his power on the southeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea . He led an army against Dyrrhachium ( present - day Durrës , in Albania ) and besieged it , but was killed during a counterattack of the city ’ s defenders . This was the final battle of the centuries long struggle between the First Bulgarian Empire and Byzantium . Within months after Vladislav ’ s death most of his realm was subjugated by the Byzantine emperor Basil II , with the last independent region ( Sirmium ) subdued in 1019 . Historical background . After the battle of Kleidion and the death of tsar Samuil in 1014 the Bulgarian state was destabilized by internal turmoil . In the year that followed , tsar Gavril Radomir , Samuel ’ s son and heir , was killed by his cousin , Ivan Vladislav , at the instigation of the Byzantine emperor . The new Bulgarian ruler negotiated a brief peace as he promised to submit to Basil II in return for the control over Dyrrhachium . Neither side kept its promises and the war broke out again in the autumn of 1015 . While Vladislav attacked Dyrrhachium , Basil II captured his capital Ohrid , but later , as a result of the Battle of Bitola , was forced to abandon it . The war continued for two more years without a decisive outcome . In 1017 Basil defeated the Bulgarians at Setina , near Edessa , but failed to exploit his victory and returned to Constantinople . Vladislav used this to launch another assault against Dyrrhachium , which was defended by the strategus Nicetas Pegonites . In the battle that ensued after a sortie of the garrison the Bulgarian tsar was killed and his troops were forced to retreat . This event prompted the majority of the Bulgarian nobles ( boyars ) to surrender to Basil . The isolated resistance was suppressed and Bulgaria became a Byzantine province .
John Sullivan ( Irish sailor ) John Sullivan VC CGM ( 10 April 1830 – 28 June 1884 ) was born in Bantry , County Cork and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 25 years old , and a Boatswain ' s Mate in the Royal Navy , serving in the Naval Brigade during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 10 April 1855 at Sebastopol , in the Crimea , Boatswain ' s Mate Sullivan , as captain of one of the guns at Greenhill Battery , volunteered to place a flagstaff on a mound to act as an aiming point . He carried out this dangerous task undeterred by continuous fire from enemy sharpshooters , and his action enabled the battery to open fire on hitherto concealed enemy guns which were doing great damage to some of the advanced works . Further information . He later achieved the rank of Chief Boatswain ' s Mate . He died Kinsale , County Cork , 28 June 1884 . References . Listed in order of publication year
Fritz Birnbaum Fritz Birnbaum ( 10 August 1912 – 13 July 2006 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Kosmos 2402 Kosmos 2402 ( meaning " Cosmos 2402 " ) is one of a set of three Russia n military satellites launched in 2003 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system . It was launched with Kosmos 2403 and Kosmos 2404 . This satellite is a GLONASS satellite , also known as Uragan , and is numbered Uragan No . 794 . Kosmos 2402 / 3 / 4 were launched from Site 81 / 24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 17 : 42 UTC on 10 December 2003 . The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2003 - 056B . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 28113 . It was in the first orbital plane in orbital slot 2 . It is no longer part of the GLONASS constellation .
Kz 8 cm GrW 42 The kurzer 8 cm Granatwerfer 42 ( kz 8 cm GrW 42 ) was a mortar used by Germany during World War II . It was developed as a lightened version of the standard German 8 cm GrW 34 medium mortar with a shorter barrel for use by paratroopers , but replaced the ineffective 5 cm leGrW 36 as that weapon ' s shortcomings became apparent . The kz 8 cm GrW 42 fired a bomb over 3 and a half times heavier twice as far than the smaller mortar , but was less than twice as heavy . It broke down into the standard three loads for transport . Some weapons were provided with a lanyard - operated loading / firing mechanism for remote - controlled use . It was generally known as the " Stummelwerfer " or " Stump - Thrower " .
Beriev The Beriev Aircraft Company , formerly Beriev Design Bureau , is a Russia n aircraft manufacturer ( design office prefix Be ) , specializing in amphibious aircraft . The company was founded in Taganrog in the 1934 as OKB - 49 by Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev ( born February 13 , 1903 ) , and since that time has designed and produced more than 20 different models of aircraft for civilian and military purposes , as well as customized models . Today the Company employs some 3000 specialists and is developing and manufacturing amphibious aircraft . Pilots flying Beriev seaplanes have broken 228 world aviation records . The records are registered and acknowledged by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale . In November 1989 BERIEV Aircraft Company became the only defense industry enterprise to win the Prize for Quality awarded by the Government of Russia . In mid - 2002 , Irkut raised its 40 percent holding in the Beriev Design Bureau to a controlling stake .
Operation Währung During the Battle of the Bulge in World War II , Operation " Währung " ( " Currency " in German ) was a special operation conducted as part of " Wacht am Rhein " . A small number of German commandos infiltrated Allied lines in American uniforms . These commandos ' intention was to take some bridges over the Meuse river for their own advancing , to sabotage and so to disrupt Allied supply operations . All those taken prisoners were executed as spies by the US Army . This operation was not successful . See Operation " Greif " .
Military aid Military aid is aid which is used to assist an ally in its defense efforts , or to assist a poor country in maintaining control over its own territory . Many countries receive military aid to help with counter - insurgency efforts . Or it could be given to rebellions to help fight another country . This aid may be given in the form of credits for foreign militaries to buy weapons and equipment from the donor country . Military aid is often the subject of controversy .
USS Randall ( APA - 224 ) USS " Randall " ( APA - 224 ) was a of the United States Navy . She was named after Randall County , Texas and was commissioned on 12 December 1944 , under the command of Captain Harold Stevens . Service history . After training , the ship left for Pearl Harbor on 9 February 1945 . She then sailed to the Volcano Islands . She arrived at Iwo Jima on 5 March , unloaded Army personnel and supplies , and uploaded Marines on their way to Guam . The ship returned to Pearl Harbor on 20 April . She next carried petroleum products to Kwajalein and took on Navy and Marine personnel for return to the USA . Arriving in San Francisco on 18 June , she proceeded to Ulithi , picked up Army units , and then continued to Okinawa , returning on 12 August . Comedian Soupy Sales served on " Randall " during the war and entertained his shipmates with zany vignettes featuring White Fang , the meanest dog that ever lived . Post - World War II Service . When World War II ended , she transported Army and Marine personnel from various points in the Pacific to the US mainland . From 1952 until her decommissioning , the ship sailed from Hampton Roads and Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek often berthing at NOB Pier 2 . Between 1952 and 1955 , she made numerous trips to the Caribbean for training purposes and a six - month training cruise to the Mediterranean . She had a total of three Captains – Nicholas Frank , Henry Sturr and Christopher Brackstone , all Naval Academy graduates . In 1954 she received the " E " award for her class . In 1956 USS " Randall " was used in the filming of " Away All Boats " , mainly around St . Thomas in the US Virgin Islands and Vieques Island , Puerto Rico .
USS Carola IV ( SP - 812 ) USS " Carola IV " , was a patrol ship of the United States Navy , built in 1885 at Culzian , Scotland , as a steam yacht . In June 1917 , when she was owned by Leonard Richards of New York City , she was purchased by the US Navy for World War I service . Commissioned in early July , she crossed the $ 3 to Brest , France , during that month and the next , voyaging by way of Dominion of Newfoundland and the Azores . After brief patrol operation along the French coast , in October 1917 " Carola IV " was condemned as unseaworthy and dismantled for harbor service as an accommodation vessel . She was employed in that capacity through the end of the Great War and for a year beyond . " Carola IV " was decommissioned in late December 1919 and sold to a resident of Brest .
European Air Group European Air Group was established in 1995 to build on close collaboration between the British and French air forces in the first Gulf War and the subsequent Balkans operations . The European Air Group consists today of 7 member nations ( Belgium , France , Germany , Italy , Netherlands , Spain and United Kingdom ) working together to stimulate change and collectively to enhance the tactical capabilities of the Group ’ s air forces through better cooperation . The EAG established the European Airlift Coordination Centre ( EACC ) at Eindhoven Airport in the Netherlands on 1 September 2001 . The EACC later became the European Airlift Centre and was joined at Eindhoven by a sealift coordination centre . On 1 July 2007 the two centres merged fully to become the Movement Coordination Centre Europe , by which time 15 nations , Belgium , Canada , Denmark , France , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Latvia , Netherlands , Norway , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Turkey and the United Kingdom , were part of the organisation . Since 1 July 2010 the European Air Transport Command is operational at Eindhoven Airport . The EACC members France , Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany have dedicate all military cargo aircraft to the EATC especially the existing fleet of Transall C - 160 and C - 130 Hercules .
USS Jasmine ( 1863 ) USS " Jasmine " ( 1861 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a tugboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . Commissioned at the New York Navy Yard . " Jasmine " , a wooden tug , was purchased at New York City under the name " Peter B . Van Houten " from Palmer , Crary , & John Reid , 29 May 1863 ; and commissioned at New York Navy Yard 17 June , Acting Master A . L . B . Zerega in command . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockade . " Jasmine " was assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron and sailed for the Gulf of Mexico 21 June . On 14 July she captured sloop " Relampago " with an assorted cargo , including supplies of critical copper boiler tubing , and towed her to Key West , Florida . For the remainder of the war the tireless tug served as a supply and dispatch vessel maintaining communications between the various ships of the squadron . Post - war service with the Navy . The end of the war found her in Pensacola , Florida , where she remained providing varied services while the squadron demobilized and the Navy resumed peacetime operations . Post - war decommissioning and sale . " Jasmine " sailed north early in 1866 and decommissioned at New York City 12 May . She was sold to the U . S . Treasury Department 13 June 1866 .
Villiers Hatton Major - General Villiers Hatton CB ( 8 October 1852 – 18 June 1914 ) was Commander of British Troops in South China . Military career . Born at Clonard in County Wexford , Hatton was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1870 . He was made Instructor of Musketry in 1874 and Adjutant of his Regiment in 1884 . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 1st Bn Grenadier Guards and in that capacity , having landed at Dakhla on 6 August 1898 , took part in the Nile Expedition during the Mahdist War and was mentioned in despatches . He became Commander of British Troops in South China in 1903 . He retired in 1909 to Berkeley Square in London . Family . In 1897 he married Emily Hoffman .
Robert Livesay Robert O ' Hara Livesay ( 27 June 1876 – 23 March 1946 ) was an English sportsman who played international rugby union for England and first - class cricket . Livesay , a fly - half from Blackheath , played two Tests for England , both against Wales . They came in the 1898 Home Nations Championship and 1899 Home Nations Championship . A right handed batsman , Livesay played 26 first - class cricket matches for Kent , all but one of which came in the County Championship . The other was a fixture against the touring South Africans , at Canterbury in 1904 , when he made a career best 78 in the first innings , before being run out . A British officer from the Queen ’ s ( Royal West Surrey ) Regiment , Livesay was decorated with the DSO for his conduct during the Boer War . During the First World War Livesay was attached to the New Zealand Division after their service at Armentières , and he served for 16 months as General Staff Officer 1 ( GSO1 ) , the officer responsible to the Divisional Commander Major General Sir Andrew Hamilton Russell for planning and directing training and the conduct of operations . The Division ’ s success during the Battle of the Somme was due in part to the outstanding work of Livesay and The New Zealand Division ’ s performance was recognised by the French with the award of the Chevalier of the Legion of Honour by the French Republic in May 1917 . He was again conspicuous in his service at Messines and Passchendaele , before leaving the New Zealand Division to serve with the Americans and 61 Division . He was subsequently promoted to Brigadier and commanded 24 Infantry Brigade in the last few months of the War and 1 Infantry Brigade at Aldershot before retiring in 1920 . Livesay ' s sword is presently in the collection of Yahya Shaigiya - Abdelsamad .
LG cloche The LG cloche was a defensive element common to many Maginot Line " ouvrages " . The fixed cupola was deeply embedded into the concrete on top of a combat block , with only the top surface visible . The opening permitted the ejection of grenade s from the interior of the cloche , providing a means of close defense against enemy troops on top of the bunker . 75 units were installed in the Maginot Line . LG refers to " Lance - Grenade " ( grenade launcher ) . Unlike other cloches such as the GFM or the JM , the LG cloche was effectively " blind " , possessing a single shuttered orifice in diameter in its flat crown . It had no observation ports at all , as it did not project appreciably above the surrounding surface . The LG cloche came in three models : a small version , high , a large version , and a cloche for two persons , tall . All were in diameter . LG cloches were usually found in the vicinity of an entrance block . The LG cloche was armed with a grenade launcher that could fire at an angle from 45 degrees to vertical in all directions . The original 60mm mortar / launcher was not satisfactory . A 50mm mortar , the same used in the GFM cloche , was used as a replacement , but was not much more successful .
Waubonsie Waubonsie ( c . 1760 – c . 1848 ) was a leader of the Potawatomi Native American people . His name has been spelled in a variety of ways , including Wabaunsee , Wah - bahn - se , Waubonsee , Waabaansii in the contemporary Ojibwe language , and Wabansi in the contemporary Potawatomi language . Biography . The documentary record of Waubonsie ' s life is sparse . His birth name , parentage , and place of birth are unknown . The year of his birth has been estimated from 1756 to 1765 . His brother Mucadapuckee ( " Black Partridge " ) was also a chief . According to tradition , Waubonsie acquired his name ( which means " Break of Day " or " He Causes Paleness " ) after sneaking into a place where some enemy Osages were located , killing and scalping one or more of them , and escaping at daybreak . During Tecumseh ' s War and the War of 1812 , Waubonsie supported Tecumseh and the British against American expansion . In September 1811 , Waubonsie led an attack on one of William Henry Harrison ' s supply boats as it ascended the Wabash River in Indiana . Waubonsie jumped on the boat , killed the lone American on board , and leapt off before the Americans on the far shore could respond . Waubonsie , Shabonna , and Winamac led Potawatomi warriors against Harrison ' s troops at the Battle of Tippecanoe on November 7 , 1811 . Waubonsie opposed the attack on Fort Dearborn in 1812 , and protected the family of John Kinzie during the massacre that followed . After the war , he signed treaties with the United States , and thereafter worked to avoid confrontation with the Americans . With other Potawatomi leaders , in 1827 he refused to join the Winnebago War against the Americans . When the Black Hawk War erupted in 1832 , Waubonsie and other Potawatomi leaders worked to keep their people out of the conflict , but found it difficult to do so . Many white settlers , recalling the Fort Dearborn massacre , distrusted the Potawatomis and assumed that they would join Sauk leader Black Hawk ' s uprising . Potawatomi leaders worried that the tribe as a whole would be punished if any Potawatomis supported Black Hawk . Waubonsie and Potawatomi chief Shabbona and told Black Hawk that they would not come to his aid . Hoping to demonstrate their good intentions to the Americans , the Potawatomis offered military assistance , fielding a force under Billy Caldwell and Waubonsie . They were less than enthusiastic allies , but managed to demonstrate support for the Americans while avoiding battle . After the war , Waubonsie visited Washington D . C . on two occasions , and met once with President Andrew Jackson . He signed treaties that sold Potawatomi land in Indiana and Illinois to the United States , and moved westward to Iowa . The U . S . government built Waubonsie a house near Tabor , Iowa , where he died in 1848 or 1849 . Toponyms . USS " Waubansee " ( YTM - 366 ) , a United States Navy harbor tug placed in service in 1944 and stricken in 1983 , was also named for him .
31st ( Alberta ) Battalion , CEF The 31st Battalion , CEF was raised as one of the four fighting battalions destined for the 6th Brigade , 2nd Division Canadian Expeditionary Force , on 15 March 1915 . The battalion commander until late in the war was Lieutenant - Colonel Arthur Henry Bell of Calgary . On 17 May 1915 , the battalion sailed for England on the , with a complement of 36 officers and 1033 other ranks . After initial training in England , the battalion fought in Belgium and France , and was often at the forefront of the fighting at St . Eloi Craters , the Ypres Salient , Vimy Ridge ( Thélus Village ) , Fresnoy , the Somme , Passchendaele Village , the Battle of Amiens , the Battle of Arras , Drocourt - Quéant Switch , Valenciennes , Mons , and the occupation of the Rhine . The bulk of the battalion returned to Canada on the SS " Cedric " on 27 May 1919 , and to Calgary on 1 June 1919 . Through the course of World War I , the 31st Battalion suffered losses of 941 dead , and an additional 2 , 312 non - fatal casualties . A total of 4 , 487 men served in the battalion . The 31st Canadian Infantry Battalion CEF was disbanded on 15 September 1920 . Perpetuation . Perpetuation of the 31st Battalion was assigned to The Alberta Regiment in 1920 . When this regiment split in two in 1924 , both The South Alberta Regiment and The North Alberta Regiment carried the perpetuation . The North Albertas disbanded in 1936 . The South Alberta Regiment merged into the South Alberta Light Horse ( 29th Armoured Regiment ) in 1954 , and this regiment ( now simply " The South Alberta Light Horse " ) carries on the perpetuation of the 31st Battalion , CEF , and has the battalion ' s battle honours on its guidon .