naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
159th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps 159th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps ( 159 RAC ) was a short - lived armoured regiment of the British Army ' s Royal Armoured Corps serving in India during World War II . Origin . 159 RAC was formed on 15 July 1942 by the conversion to the armoured role of 10th Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment . In common with other infantry battalions transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps , the personnel of 159 RAC would have continued to wear their Glosters cap badge on the black beret of the RAC . Service . 159 RAC embarked for passage from the United Kingdom to India on 26 October 1942 , arriving on 20 December and moving to Nira Camp near Poona . There it came under command of 255 Indian Armoured Brigade . However , there was a change of policy , and on 1 April 1943 the regiment was re - converted to infantry , reverting to its previous title of 10th Glosters and coming under command of 72 Indian Infantry Brigade .
De Lôme Letter The de Lôme letter , a note written by Señor Don Enrigue Dupuy de Lôme , the Spanish Ambassador to the United States , to Don José Canelejas , the Foreign Minister of Spain , reveals de Lôme ’ s opinion about the Spanish involvement in Cuba and President McKinley ’ s diplomacy . Cuban revolutionaries intercepted the letter from the mail and released it to the Hearst press , which published it on February 9 , 1898 , in the New York Journal , in an article with the titled " Worst Insult to the United States in its History . " Much of the press in New York began to demand De Lôme ' s resignation , and Hearst ' s " New York Journal " began a " Go Home De Lôme " campaign . These campaigns did , ultimately , lead to De Lôme ' s resignation . De Lôme ’ s unflattering remarks about McKinley helped fuel this country ’ s aggressive , warlike foreign policy . Two months later , on April 11 , 1898 , McKinley delivered a war message to Congress asking for “ forcible intervention ” by the United States to establish peace in Cuba .
Type 53 torpedo Type 53 is the common name for a family of 53 cm torpedo es manufactured in Russia , starting with the 53 - 27 torpedo and continuing to the modern UGST . With the exception of the UGST which uses Mark 48 style monopropellants , Soviet 53 cm torpedoes generally use electric power , or kerosene mixed with various oxidizers for propulsion . Russian torpedoes are often named descriptively for their characteristics - examples include " acoustic homing " or " electric torpedo " , all in Russian acronyms . The first Soviet torpedo with homing capability was the SAET - 50 . The 53 - 61 was the first Soviet homing torpedo to exceed 40 knots . The 53 - 65 torpedo family are Russian made , wake - homing torpedoes designed to destroy surface ships . The 53 - 65 became operational in 1965 , while the 53 - 65K and 53 - 65M both became operational in 1969 . The 53 - 65KE is an exported version . China received an unknown number of 53 - 65KE torpedoes from Russia after purchasing 4 Kilo class submarines in the 1990s . The Type 53 torpedo is carried by almost all Russian submarines , including the Kilo class and the .
Battle of Tanagra ( 426 BC ) " There was an earlier battle at Tanagra during the First Peloponnesian War ; see Battle of Tanagra ( 457 BC ) . " The Battle of Tanagra was a battle in the Peloponnesian War in 426 BC between Athens and Tanagra & Thebes , In 426 Athens sent a fleet to the island of Melos consisting of 60 ships and 2 , 000 hoplite s under the command of Nicias . Melos had refused to join the Delian League , and still refused to do so even when the Athenians plundered the island . The Athenians , however , did not conquer the island , but instead sailed to Oropus on the coast of Boeotia . The hoplites landed on shore and marched towards Tanagra , where they were joined by the main Athenian army that had been marching from Athens under Hipponicus and Eurymedon . They plundered the countryside , and the next day defeated a combined Tanagran and Theban army , but returned to Athens after the victory .
Constantine Gabras Constantine Gabras ( ) was the governor or " doux " ( duke ) of the Byzantine province of Chaldia , around Trebizond on the Black Sea coast of Anatolia , in what is today north - eastern Turkey . He ruled Chaldia as a semi - independent prince between 1126 and 1140 . Biography . The province of Chaldia effectively became an autonomous semi - hereditary domain of the Gabrades as his father , Theodore Gabras , preceded him as governor . In the 1090s , his older brother Gregory had plotted against the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos ( r . 1081 – 1118 ) and had been imprisoned . After service as " strategos " of Philadelphia , Constantine became " doux " of Chaldia some time , probably quite shortly , before the death of Alexios I in 1118 . Constantine seems to have been less rash in his politics than his brother , though he managed to rule Trebizond more or less free of central authority between 1126 and 1140 . Choniates refers to him as the " tyrant of Trebizond . " Extant examples show that he minted his own lower denomination coinage . In 1140 , Emperor John II Komnenos ( r . 1118 – 1143 ) moved into Chaldia with the main Byzantine army in order to campaign against the Danishmend Turks . This display of force was enough to overawe Constantine Gabras and the region came under direct imperial control once more . Later history of his family . Following their loss of power , many of the Gabras dynasty gravitated to the court of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum , where one member became vizier to the sultan Kilij Arslan II ( r . 1156 – 1192 ) . A son of Constantine Gabras , also named Constantine , however , became a trusted minister of Manuel I Komnenos . He led an important , and successful , diplomatic mission to the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan II in 1162 . No doubt his mission was helped by the family contacts he would have had at the Seljuk court .
Arthur Halestrap Arthur Halestrap MBE ( 8 September 1898 – 1 April 2004 ) was one of the last surviving British soldier s of the First World War . He was born in Southampton , Hampshire . In his youth he walked the decks of the " Titanic " before she sailed . He tried to enlist in the British armed forces shortly after the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 . His request was refused on account of his youth . However , in September 1916 , he joined the Royal Engineers Signal Division and was sent to France in January 1918 . After the First World War , Halestrap worked for Marconi . In the Second World War , he became a member of the Royal Corps of Signals , and in 1942 was seconded to the Special Operations Executive . He lost his only son during the war . Afterwards , he worked at first as a member of the Allied Control Commission in Germany , then as a member of the Diplomatic Wireless Service . He retired in 1970 . In 1963 , Halestrap was appointed as a Member of The Order of the British Empire . He was awarded the French Légion d ' honneur in 1988 . He continued to appear on television documentaries into his extremely old age . In 2003 , aged 105 , he was the only British veteran of the First World War to attend the Armistice Day Ceremony in Ypres , where he rose from his wheelchair and , in a clear and strong voice , recited Laurence Binyon ' s poem " " For the Fallen " " . Along with Harry Patch and a few others , he was featured in the 2003 television series " World War 1 in Colour " as well as " " The Last Tommy " " on BBC 1 in 2005 . Arthur Halestrap died in Kings Sutton , where he had moved in the 1960s .
Taksim Military Barracks The Taksim Military Barracks or Halil Pasha Artillery Barracks ( or " Halil Paşa Topçu Kışlası " ) were located at the site of the present - day Taksim Gezi Park next to Taksim Square in Istanbul , Turkey . It was built in 1806 , during the reign ( 1789 – 1807 ) of the Ottoman Sultan Selim III by Armenian architect Krikor Balian . During the 31 March Incident in 1909 , the Barracks building suffered considerable damage , and waited to be repaired . Its internal courtyard was later transformed into the Taksim Stadium in 1921 , and became the first football stadium in Turkey , used by all major football clubs in the city , including Beşiktaş J . K . , Galatasaray S . K . and Fenerbahçe S . K . . The stadium was closed in 1939 , and demolished in 1940 , during the renovation works of Taksim Square . Reconstruction . On 16 September 2011 , the assembly of the Beyoğlu Municipality decided to rebuild the structure ; despite the area falling within the purview of green space protection ordinances . Development interests were regarded by many of exploiting statutes protecting historic structures in order to trump green space protection . The proposed rebuilt barracks were intended to be a shopping center and containing no surviving portion of the barracks that existed on the site . The reconstruction of the barracks was met by protests in Istanbul , this protest evolving into the nationwide 2013 Taksim Gezi Park protests .
Bloyer Field Bloyer Field is a city owned , public use airport located one nautical mile ( 2 km ) east of the central business district of Tomah , a city in Monroe County , Wisconsin , United States . It provides general aviation service . History . Activated November 30 , 1942 . Conducted technical training for United States Army Air Forces . Known as Tomah Army Airfield Technical School . 1000 Technical School Squadron ( Special ) provided technical training included radio interception techniques ; radio maintenance and operations to personnel . Functioned as a sub - base of Radio school at Truax Army Airfield at Madison . School inactivated on April 1 , 1944 . Facility transferred to Air Technical Service Command on April 30 , 1944 . Transferred as inactive to the US Army Corps of Engineers on April 1 , 1946 for disposition . The airfield was turned over to civil control though the War Assets Administration ( WAA ) . Facilities and aircraft . Bloyer Field covers an area of 160 acres ( 65 hectare ) at an elevation of 966 feet ( 294 m ) above mean sea level . It has one runway designated 7 / 25 with an asphalt surface measuring 3 , 900 by 75 feet ( 1 , 189 x 23 m ) . For the 12 - month period ending June 16 , 2010 , the airport had 7 , 150 aircraft operations , an average of 19 per day : 98 % general aviation , 1 % air taxi , and 1 % military . At that time there were 7 aircraft based at this airport : 71 % single - engine , 14 % multi - engine , and 14 % ultralight .
Rudolf Witzig Rudolf Witzig ( 14 August 1916 in Röhlinghausen , Wanne - Eickel – 3 October 2001 in Oberschleißheim ) was a German Fallschirmjäger during World War II and Oberst in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Witzig is most well known for his action against the Belgian fortress Fort Eben - Emael . Military career . Rudolf Witzig joined the 16th Pioneer Battalion in Höxter on 1 April 1935 , as an officer candidate . Two years later , on 20 April 1937 , he was promoted to Leutnant and served as a platoon leader in the 31st Pioneer Battalion . Witzig volunteered for service in the Fallschirmjäger on 1 August 1938 , and joined the Parachute Infantry Battalion under the command of Major Richard Heidrich . A year later , after transferring to the Luftwaffe and then holding the rank of Oberleutnant , he was leader of the " Sturmabteilung Koch " pioneer platoon . This unit was named after Hauptmann Walter Koch . Witzig ' s greatest military achievement was the capture of Fort Eben - Emael in the Battle of Fort Eben - Emael on 10 May 1940 ; that same day , Oberleutnant Witzig was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . A special announcement of the Wehrmachtbericht on 11 May lauded the accomplishments of Witzig and his airborne landing group . On 16 May , Witzig was further honored by an early promotion to Hauptmann . Rudolf Witzig led the 9th Company of the Parachute Assault Regiment during the Invasion of Crete . Wounded in the course of the battle , he was transferred from the Luftwaffe hospital in Athens to several other hospitals . On 10 May 1942 , Witzig was placed in command of the Corps Parachute Pioneer Battalion . He received promotion to Major on 24 August 1942 . From November 1942 , he and his battalion served in Tunisia under the command of Oberst Hasso von Manteuffel , General Friedrich Freiherr von Broich , and General Alfred Bülowius , incorporated into the Barenthin Luftwaffe Regiment . The defensive successes in the northern sector of the Tunisian Front are closely linked with Rudolf Witzig . Witzig served as the commanding officer of I Battalion , 21st Parachute Pioneer Regiment , from 15 June 1944 , and simultaneously as commanding officer of the regiment . Witzig and his unit were mentioned a second time in the Wehrmachtbericht on 8 August 1944 , after the destruction of 27 enemy tanks near Kumele . His last service in World War II was as commanding officer of the 18th Parachute Regiment , from 16 December 1944 . With his regiment , he went into captivity on 8 May 1945 . Witzig ' s last honor of the war had come the previous day , when his name was placed on the Honor Roll of the Luftwaffe . Later life . Rudolf Witzig re - joined the military service in the newly created Bundeswehr of the Federal Republic of Germany on 16 January 1956 . He retired on 30 September 1974 holding the rank of Oberst .
Alfred ' s Castle Alfred ' s Castle is a small Iron Age hill fort , situated at , behind Ashdown Park in the civil parish of Ashbury in Oxfordshire ( formerly Berkshire ) . It lies 2 – 3 km south of the Ridgeway and is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . It has a large enclosure attached that shows as a cropmark . Excavation has shown this to be contemporary with the small enclosure , started in the 6th century BC . The hill fort was established within a series of late Bronze Age linear ditches and revealed much evidence for occupation within it . In the late 1st century , a Romano - British farmhouse was built within the abandoned prehistoric enclosure . King Alfred won a great victory against the Danes at the Battle of Ashdown , in AD 871 . Being located just to the west of Ashdown House , Victorian antiquaries associated Alfred ' s Castle with the King ' s troop movements before the battle . The exact site of Alfred ' s battle has not yet been determined , however , so is a matter for debate . The most likely sites are near Compton and Aldworth in Berkshire . Excavations were carried out at Alfred ' s Castle from 1998 - 2000 by archaeologists from Oxford University , and post - excavation analysis is still ongoing ( as of August 2011 ) . For interim reports on the site , see http : / / www . arch . ox . ac . uk / alfreds - castle . html
1st King ' s Mounted Rifles The 1st King ' s Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army from 1901 to 1918 . When the Imperial German Army was reorganized as the Reichsheer , A Squadron / 10th Horse became bearer of the regiment ' s tradition . The 1st King ' s Mounted Rifles belonged to the V Army Corps and was garrisoned in Posen . When the regiment was mobilized in 1914 it formed 10th Cavalry Brigade . Colonel - in - Chief of the regiment was Emperor William II , King of Prussia , hence the title " King ' s " .
William E . Cole William Edward Cole ( February 22 , 1874 – May 18 , 1953 ) was a Major General in the United States Army . Cole graduated from the United States Military Academy with the class of 1898 . He served in military assignments in New York and Panama over the next two decades . He rose to the rank of Brigadier General during World War I , commanding the 351st Field Artillery Regiment and the 20th Field Artillery Brigade . He attended the United States Army War College and later advanced to the rank of Major General . He retired from the military in 1938 , but returned to active duty between 1941 and 1944 to serve on the War Department Personnel Board . Cole was a native of Utah and a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints .
17th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry The 17th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 17th Illinois Cavalry was organized at St . Charles , Illinois between January 28 and February 12 , 1864 . The regiment mustered out between November 23 and December 22 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 7 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 86 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 94 fatalities . Notes . = Roster =
466th Light Combat Aviation Squadron The 466th Light Combat Aviation Squadron ( " Serbo - Croatian : 466 . eskadrila lake borbene avijacije / 466 . ескадрила лаке борбене авијације " ) was an aviation squadron of Yugoslav Air Force formed by order from March 7 , 1978 at Cerklje military air base as part of 82nd Aviation Brigade . The squadron was formed with 467th Light Combat Aviation Squadron from 460th Light Combat Aviation Squadron equipment , domestic - made Soko J - 20 Kraguj counter - insurgency aircraft . By order from November 1976 , in 1978 squadron has been dislocated to Lučko airfield and it was reatached to 5th Aviation Corps as independent squadron . Squadeon was disbanded by order from April 15 , 1982 . On its place 711th Anti - Armored Helicopter Squadron was formed .
11th SS Panzer Army The 11th SS Panzer Army ( " SS - Panzer - Armeeoberkommando 11 " ) was not much more than a paper army formed between November 1944 and February 1945 by " Reichsführer - SS " Heinrich Himmler while he was commander of Army Group Vistula . The military historian Antony Beevor wrote that when the 11th SS Panzer Army was created the available units at best could constitute a corps , " ' But panzer army ' observed Eismann ' has a better ring to it ' " . It also allowed Himmler to promote SS officers to senior staff and field commands within the formation . " Obergruppenführer " Felix Steiner , probably the best SS officer available , was named its commander . The Army was officially listed as the 11th Army but it was also known as " SS Panzer - Armeeoberkommando 11 " and is often referred to in English as the " 11th SS Panzer Army " . After taking part in Operation Solstice ( a counter - attack ) east of the Oder River during February 1945 the 11th was assigned to OB West , reorganized in March 1945 . Many of the units formerly subordinated to the 11th SS Panzer Army were transferred to the 3rd Panzer Army and other units were assigned to the 11th Army for operations against the Western Allies . After defending the Weser River and the Harz Mountains , the 11th surrendered to the Western Allies on 21 April . Order of battle . February 1945 . By 5 February the 11th , subordinated to Army Group Vistula , had the following units assigned to it March , 1945 . By 1 March the Eleventh , subordinated to Army Group Vistula had no units assigned to it . April 1945 . By 12 April the Eleventh was directly subordinated to OB West and had the following units assigned to it .
Mohammad Usman Brigadier Mohammad Usman ( 15 July 1912 – 3 July 1948 ) was the highest ranking officer of Indian Army killed in the Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 , who as a Muslim became a " symbol of " India ' s " inclusive secularism " . At the time of partition of India he with many other officers declined to move to the Pakistan Army and continued to serve the Indian Army . He died in July 1948 while fighting the raiders in Jammu and Kashmir . Birth and Education . Brig Usman was born at Bibipur , Azamgarh in Uttar Pradesh on July 15 , 1912 . His Mother Was Jamilun Bibi D / o Abdul Karim Ansari Belongs to Ansari Family of Yusufpur And Father Was Mohammad Faqooq Khunambir of Bibipur ( Azamgarh ) Was Shaher Kotwal Benaras . Young Usman was educated at Harish Chandra High School in Varanasi . he was an alumnus of the prestigious Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst . Indian Army . He was commissioned in the Baluch Regiment . At the time of partition he was offered to become Chief of the Pakistani Army but he chose to stay in India . When the Baluch Regiment was allotted to Pakistan , Brig Usman was transferred to the Dogra Regiment . At the time of Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 , Brig Usman , Commander of 77 Para Brigade was given command of 50 Para Brigade , deployed at Jhangar in December 1947 . At the time of Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 - 48 Brigadier Usman was posted at the Jammu and Kashmir front as the brigade commander of the 50 Para Brigade . He led his soldiers from front and in January – February 1948 repulsed a fierce attack on Nowshera and Jhangar , two highly strategic locations in Jammu and Kashmir . He was thence known as the Lion of Naoshera . However , he was killed in action while fighting the Pakistan Army and the tribal raiders on July 3 of that year . An Indian journalist , Khwaja Ahmad Abbas , wrote about his death , " a precious life , of imagination and unswerving patriotism , has fallen a victim to communal fanaticism . Brigadier Usman ' s brave example will be an abiding source of inspiration for Free India " . Brigadier Usman was awarded the Indian military honour Mahavir Chakra posthumously . Memorial . He is buried in a grave in Jamia Millia Islamia campus in New Delhi . Upender Sood a film director has produced a film on life of Brigadier Usman . His birth centenary was celebrated in 2012 by Indian Army at Jhajjar . A Paramotor Expedition was organized by Gorkha Training Centre in the memory of Brigadier Usman .
Robert Morrow Robert Morrow VC ( 7 September 1891 – 26 April 1915 ) was born in Newmills , Dungannon , County Tyrone , Ireland and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Morrow was 23 years old , and a Private in the 1st Battalion , The Royal Irish Fusiliers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 12 April 1915 near Messines , Belgium , Private Morrow rescued and carried to places of comparative safety several men who had been buried in the debris of trenches wrecked by shell fire . He carried out this work on his own initiative and under heavy fire from the enemy . He was killed in action at St . Jan on the Ypres Salient , Belgium , on 26 April 1915 and is buried in White House Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Royal Irish Fusiliers Museum in Armagh , Northern Ireland .