naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Special Air Service The Special Air Service ( SAS ) is one of the British Special Forces , known for its high capacity in extreme conditions . It is considered the first special force , the most respected in the world , and the creator of operations such as " Destroy and Escape . " The SAS is the mentor of several special forces of the world as : Delta Force , Sayeret Matkal , GSG - 9 , Special Air Service Regiment , KSK , GIGN , SSG and others . Structure . SAS has a regular regiment , the 22nd Regiment , and the Regiments 21 and 23 of the territorial reserve force . The reserve regiments not only receive counter - terrorism training and more training is dragged . Generally act as " enemies " in training for conventional forces History . It was created in 1941 during WWII in North Africa by a lieutenant named Scottish David Stirling . The unit was named SAS - Special Air Service , to think that the Germans had commandos paratroops serving British Army at Cairo . His initial concept projected a mobile offensive force reduced in size , it would fight behind enemy lines , with a strategic objective , and other side , attacking any target of opportunity , an autonomous until extraction could be by any means . In the African campaign was a great performance , and he also fought in Italy and Europe . SAS destroyed over 400 aircraft Luftwaffe ; Believe they had a better performance than the RAF ( Royal Air Force ) destroyed in ground and air . After the Second World War has been deactivated and was reactivated in 1950 with the name " 22nd Special Air Service " . It was decided that " Royal Marines " and the " Boats Special Service " would make short - range incursions and raids SAS long - range and long - term within a strategy against Soviet Union . Since then he has fought for Great Britain in many different places as in Malaysia , Oman , Borneo , Vietnam - Wearing American uniforms - Aden , Northern Ireland , Malvinas , Liberia , Persian Gulf , Bosnia , Kosovo , Sierra Leone and Afghanistan . , Which reaffirmed its reputation for " Invincible " . SAS in its entire history reveals many facets and large capacity in various situations from assaults jungle , Fighting in desert and actions antiterrorism ( Tactics Fighting in Confined Environments ) . Their motto seems to provocative " " Who dares Wins " " Which means " Who dares wins . " In many of the Special Operations Forces in the world were heavily influenced by British SAS , the example we have : Delta Force , Seals DEVGRU Team Sayeret Matkal , SASR , GOE Portuguese police , ROTA brazilian , and many other Special Operations units / Anti - terrorist Teams . Tactical Innovations . One of the major characteristics of this unit is its adaptability for being a pioneer among Special Forces . A " primer " SAS is currently used by almost all commands and special forces in the world . Among the innovations that are created : Techniques . The Special Air Service has developed and perfected many techniques that today are quite traditional by the urban task forces . Special forces based on the SAS . The Regiment participated and gave rise to many other Special Forces around the world , including :
Yoon Jang - ho Yoon Jang - ho ( Hangul : 윤장호 ; Hanja : 尹章豪 ; September 21 , 1980 – February 27 , 2007 ) was a staff sergeant ( posthumous ) serving as an English translator in Afghanistan as a member of the Task Force Dasan , a dispatched engineering unit of the Republic of Korea Army . He was killed during the suicide bomb attack on a military base in Bagram on February 27 , 2007 . The attack occurred at the front gate , where he was waiting to greet two local residents into the base . Yoon Jang - ho is the first hostile casualty of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces since the end of Vietnam War . Born on September 21 , 1980 , Yoon Jang - ho was the youngest of three children . After graduating from elementary school in Seoul in 1994 , he received secondary education in New York . He graduated from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University with an undergraduate degree in business in 2003 and started attending the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in early 2004 . In December 2004 , he returned to South Korea and joined the South Korean army ' s Special Warfare Command as a translator in June 2005 . He was dispatched to Afghanistan in September 2006 , and was to return to South Korea on March 14 , 2007 for a planned discharge in June . He was promoted to staff sergeant and received the Inheon Order of Military Merit and the Bronze Star posthumously .
Chief petty officer , 1st class Chief petty officer , 1st class , CPO1 , is the most senior non - commissioned member ( NCM ) rank of the Royal Canadian Navy . It is equivalent to a chief warrant officer ( CWO ) in the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force . It is immediately senior to the rank of chief petty officer 2nd - class and its equivalents , master warrant officer ; it is part of the cadre of warrant officer s . The French language form of the rank is " premier maître de 1re classe " " ( pm 1 ) " . Insignia . The rank insignia of the CPO1 is the Coat of Arms of Canada , worn on both forearms of the Service Dress tunic and on slip - ons on both shoulders of other uniforms . Unlike other Chiefs and Petty Officers , CPO1s wear the cap insignia of Naval officers , although the brim of the peak cap remains plain , the same as other Naval NCMs . Forms of address . CPO1s are generally initially addressed as " Chief Petty Officer Bloggins " or " Chief Bloggins " , and thereafter as " Chief " , although in correspondence the full rank or abbreviation is used before the member ' s name . The Coxswain of a Royal Canadian Navy ship will be answered as " Coxswain " ( e . g . " yes Coxswain " or " no Coxswain " ) The full appellation " Chief Petty Officer 1st Class " in speech is generally used only when the " first class " distinction must be made , such as to distinguish between members with similar names but differing ranks , or on promotion parades . CPO1s are " never " addressed as " Sir " or " Ma ' am " , regardless of the protocol for their Army and Air Force equivalents ; in Naval tradition , the titles " Sir " and " Ma ' am " are reserved for officers . Appointments . One of the normal appointments of a CPO1 is that of coxswain , the senior NCM on a ship ; it is roughly analogous to an Army Regimental Sergeant - Major ( RSM ) . Due to the unified nature of the CF , however , it is not unheard - of for CPO1s — especially those of the " purple trades " , such as logistics or military police to find themselves filling the appointment of RSM in what are otherwise considered " hard " army units ( such as Service Battalions ) . CPO1s may also hold appointments as the senior NCM in a larger formations or on a base ; these appointments , and their respective insignia , include : Messes and quarters . CPO1s generally mess and billet with Petty Officer s and other Chief Petty Officer s , and their Army and Air Force equivalents , Warrant Officer s and Sergeant . Their mess on naval bases or installations are generally named the " Chiefs and POs Mess " .
Heinrich Becker ( officer ) Heinrich Becker ( 23 January 1914 – 17 February 1960 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Heinrich Becker was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in 1947 .
John James Crowe John James Crowe VC ( 28 December 1876 – 27 February 1965 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Crowe was 41 years old , and a second lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion , The Worcestershire Regiment , British Army during the First World War at the Battle of Lys . On 14 April 1918 at Neuve Eglise , Belgium , when the enemy , having attacked a post in a village , broke past on the high ground and established a machine - gun and snipers , Second Lieutenant Crowe , with two NCOs and seven men twice engaged the enemy who on each occasion withdrew into the village , followed by the lieutenant firing on them . On the second occasion , taking only two men , he attacked two enemy machine - guns killing both gunners and several more of the enemy . The remainder withdrew , allowing him to capture the two guns . His actions during this incident resulted in Crowe being awarded the Victoria Cross . He later achieved the rank of captain . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Worcestershire Regiment Museum in the Worcester City Art Gallery & Museum , Worcester .
Charles Bieger Private Charles Bieger ( March 25 , 1844 to August 10 , 1930 ) was a German soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Bieger received the United States ' highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action at Ivy Farm , in Mississippi on 22 February 1864 . He was honored with the award on 8 July 1897 . Biography . Bieger was born in Wiesbaden , Germany and enlisted into Company D , 4th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry at St . Louis , Missouri after immigrating to St . Louis with his family in 1857 . In February 1864 he was part of a military effort from Memphis into Mississippi , intending to meet William T . Sherman crew at Meridian , Mississippi . Bieger ' s cavalry came under fire near Okolona , Mississippi . It was during this exchange that Bieger ' s captain , Frederick Hunsen was thrown from his horse and surrounded by gunfire from the enemy . Bieger pressed through the gunfire , rescuing his captain . It is for this act of bravery that he was awarded the Medal of Honor . After the war Bieger lived with his family in St . Louis . He became a salesman and died on 10 August 1930 . His remains are interred at the Mount Hope Cemetery Mausoleum and Crematory in St . Louis , Missouri . Previously in a conspicuous grave , the lot in which Bieger , his wife and three of his children are buried was updated in 2005 with an engraved flatstone , commemorating his Medal of Honor award . This effort was spearheaded by Don Morfe of the Medal of Honor Historical Society .
Franklin Buchanan Franklin Buchanan ( September 17 , 1800 – May 11 , 1874 ) was an officer in the United States Navy who became the only full admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War , and commanded the ironclad CSS " Virginia " . Early life . Buchanan was born in Baltimore , Maryland . He was the fifth child and third son of a physician , George Buchanan and Laetitia McKean Buchanan . The Buchanan side of his family arrived in the United States from Scotland . He became a midshipman in 1815 , was promoted to lieutenant in 1825 , commander in 1841 and captain in 1855 . During the 45 years he served in the U . S . Navy , Buchanan had extensive and worldwide sea duty . He commanded the sloops of war and during the 1840s and the steam frigate in the Perry expedition to Japan during the 1850s . From 1845 – 1847 , he served as the first Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy , followed by notable Mexican - American War service . From 1859 – 1861 , Captain Buchanan was the Commandant of the Washington Navy Yard . During the Civil War , he joined the Confederate forces . Civil War . Buchanan was the captain of the ironclad CSS " Virginia " ( formerly the ) during the Battle of Hampton Roads in Virginia . He climbed to the top deck of " Virginia " and began furiously firing toward shore with a carbine as the was shelled . He soon was brought down by a sharpshooter ' s minie ball to the thigh . He would eventually recover from his leg wound . He never did get to command " Virginia " against the . That honor went to Catesby ap Roger Jones . But Buchanan had handed the United States Navy the worst defeat it would take until Pearl Harbor . In August 1862 , Buchanan was promoted to the rank of admiral and sent to command Confederate naval forces at Mobile Bay , Alabama . He oversaw the construction of the ironclad CSS " Tennessee " and was on board her during the Battle of Mobile Bay with Rear Admiral David Glasgow Farragut ' s Union fleet on 5 August 1864 . Wounded and taken prisoner , Admiral Buchanan was not exchanged until February 1865 . He was on convalescent leave until the Civil War ended a few months later . Later life . Following the conflict , Buchanan lived in Maryland , then was a businessman in Mobile until 1870 , when he again took up residence in Maryland . He died there on May 11 , 1874 . He is buried at the Wye House family plot outside Easton , Maryland . In memoriam . Three U . S . Navy destroyers have been named in honor of Admiral Franklin Buchanan : " Buchanan " ( DD - 131 ) , ( DD - 484 ) and ( DDG - 14 ) . See for U . S . Navy ships named in his honor . The Superintendent ' s quarters at the United States Naval Academy is also named the Buchanan House .
William Wirt Kimball William Wirt Kimball ( January 9 , 1848 - January 26 , 1930 ) was a U . S . naval officer and an early pioneer in the development of submarines . Biography . Kimball was born in Paris , Maine . In 1869 he graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis . After serving on early navy torpedo boat s , Kimball designed machine gun s and armored car s , and switched to the development of submarine s in the 1890s . He commanded the Atlantic torpedo - boat fleet in the Spanish - American War . In May 1906 , he served as the first commander of the battleship New Jersey . In 1908 , Kimball became rear admiral , and commanded expeditionary forces to Nicaragua in 1909 . In 1910 , he retired from active duty . He died in Washington , D . C . on January 26 , 1930 , at the age of 82 .
Werner Richter Werner Richter ( 21 October 1893 – 3 June 1944 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Werner Richter was wounded on 21 May 1944 and died on 3 June 1944 .
HMS Scorpion ( 1910 ) HMS " Scorpion " was one of sixteen s in service with the Royal Navy in the First World War . She was built by Fairfields Govan shipyards on the Clyde and was commissioned on 30 August 1910 . She was a coal powered ship and as such was obsolete by the end of the First World War and was scrapped in 1921 . The first commander of HMS " Scorpion " was the then Lieutenant - Commander Andrew Cunningham . Early days in " Scorpion " included the Spithead Naval Review of 1911 that stood out in Cunningham ' s mind as the zenith of British naval power with twenty - six miles of ships including 42 battleships and 68 destroyers . In 1913 the period in home waters came to an end with " Scorpion " posted to the Mediterranean . The early part of the war saw her involved in the chase of the German battlecruiser and the Dardanelles Campaign . " Scorpion " was always at the forefront of the action ; her role included escorting bombarding ships , covering minesweeping trawlers and , later , acting as a minesweeper herself .
F - class escort ship The F class escort ships were a class of fleet escorts ( Ger : " Flottenbegleiter " ) used by the Kriegsmarine during the Second World War . Ten ships were built in total , of a type roughly comparable to British frigate s or American destroyer escort s . They were the only such type of ship built by the Kriegsmarine . The ten ships were not given names , but were designated " F 1 " through " F 10 " . Construction . The ships were built by Germaniawerft ( F 1 - F 6 ) , Kiel , Blohm & Voss ( F 7 , F 8 ) and Wilhelmshaven dockyard ( F 9 , F 10 ) . They entered service between 1936 and 1939 . The ships were originally conceived as fast fleet or convoy escort ships that could also perform anti - submarine and minesweeping work . They were also used as a testbed class for a new high - pressure steam power plant intended for use in future destroyer s . As a class , they were overloaded and over - engined , which contributed to severe hull stress and very poor sea - keeping characteristics ; these flaws were partially remedied by extensive rebuilds between 1938 and 1940 . The power plants likewise proved to be prone to frequent breakdowns , and most of the ships were removed from operational service during the later years of the war after machinery failures meant the ships spent more time in repair than in use . With the exception of fleet service and convoy duties between 1939 and 1941 , they spent most of the war in use as tenders or U - boat training ships . Ships . One ship , " F 9 " , was sunk in December 1939 after being torpedoed by HMS " Ursula " . The others survived the war and were scrapped or sunk as target ships .
Rosenholz files The Rosenholz files are a collection of 381 CD - ROMs containing 280 , 000 files with information on persons who were as sources and targets or employees and helpers in the focus of the " Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung " ( HVA ) , one of the intelligence agencies of the former GDR . At the beginning one thought that the files mostly contain the real names of agents who worked for the HVA in former West Germany . Later it came clear that at least 90 % of the persons never worked for or with the HVA . The Rosenholz files ended up with the CIA during the German reunification under unclear circumstances ; they were initially analysed by the USA only , but finally returned to Germany in 2003 after long negotiations . The exact reason for the duration of the negotiations is still debated among scholars . According to the annals of the former Moscow CIA station chief Milton Bearden , the Rosenholz files were not seized on January 15 , 1990 , when demonstrators stormed the Ministry of State Security ( GDR ) in Berlin , but instead only when former US president George H . W . Bush personally contacted the chief of the Berlin CIA station . Bearden later on lobbied for the return of the Rosenholz files to the German Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ( BStU ) while CIA station chief in Bonn , and received the German government ' s Bundesverdienstkreuz for this . After being returned , the files were checked for mistranslation and other errors by the BStU ; since March 2004 , the files have in theory been open to the general public and can be viewed following an appropriate request ( " Antrag auf persönliche Akteneinsicht " ) . In fact according to the unclear compilation of the files many requests were turned down .
David Butler ( general ) Major General David Matheson Butler AO , DSO ( 3 September 1928 – ) was a senior officer in the Australian Army . He saw service during the Korean War as part of the 3rd Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment , and later as the commanding officer of 6th Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment during the Vietnam War .
8th Landwehr Division ( German Empire ) The 8th Landwehr Division ( " 8 . Landwehr - Division " ) was a unit of the Prussia n / German Army . The division was formed on January 31 , 1915 out of the formerly independent 56th Landwehr Infantry Brigade , which had been dissolved on January 25 , 1915 . The division spent the period from its formation to early 1917 mainly involved in positional warfare in Upper Alsace , after which it occupied the trenchlines near Verdun . It remained in positional warfare in this general region until the end of the war . It participated in no major battles , but was primarily suited to quieter sectors of the line . Allied intelligence rated the division as a fourth class division , though it noted that " in the attack it did fairly well , without heavy loss . " The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The 8th Landwehr Division , like the 56th Landwehr Infantry Brigade before it , was raised in the Grand Duchy of Baden . As a Landwehr division , it was primarily composed of older soldiers who had already fulfilled their regular and reserve service obligations . Commanding officers . The commanding officers of the 8th Landwehr Division were : Order of battle on March 12 , 1915 . The order of battle of the division on March 12 , 1915 , shortly after its formation , was as follows : Order of battle on January 4 , 1918 . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . The 8th Landwehr Division , originally not much bigger than a reinforced brigade , received a third infantry regiment and was reorganized as a standard German infantry division . An artillery command and a divisional signals command were created . The 8th Landwehr Division ' s order of battle on January 4 , 1918 was as follows :
Yser Medal The Yser Medal ( , ) was a Belgian World War I campaign medal established on 18 October 1918 to denote distinguished service during the 1914 Battle of the Yser where the Belgian Army stopped the German advance under General Erich von Falkenhayn , losing some 60 , 000 soldiers dead or wounded in the process , more than a third of the total complement of the Belgian Army at the time . Statute . The Yser Medal was awarded to the members of the Belgian Armed Forces who were part of the army fighting along the Yser river between 17 and 31 October 1914 that proved themselves worthy of the distinction . The medal could also be awarded to foreign nationals , members of allied military forces who took part in the Battle of the Yser . The medal could be awarded posthumously . The Yser Medal was worn on the left side of the chest and when in the presence of other awards of Belgium , was placed directly after the Croix de Guerre ( War Cross ) . Medal description . The Yser medal was a 35 mm in diameter circular medal struck from bronze and surmounted by a smaller diameter green enamelled medallion . The obverse bore a naked helmeted man holding a lance ( indicating the halting of the advance of the German forces ) , to his right , the relief inscription on three lines " 17 - 31 OCT 1914 " . In the enamelled medallion , the relief inscription " YSER " . The reverse bore the relief image of the left side of a roaring wounded lion lying on the bank of the Yser river , an arrow in his left shoulder , below the lion , the relief inscription " YSER " , in the medallion , the Belgian royal crown over the relief letter " A " , the monogram of King Albert . The medal was suspended by a ring through the suspension loop to a red silk moiré ribbon with wide black edge stripes . The red denoting the spilled blood , the black denoting the mourning . Notable recipients ( partial list ) . The individuals listed below were awarded the Yser medal : Yser Cross . The Yser Medal was replaced by the Yser Cross ( , ) in 1934 . The cross was of similar design to the medal displaying the same obverse and reverse except that it was in the form of a cross pattée . The Yser Cross was issued as a replacement to the earlier Yser Medal upon application and payment of a fee , consequently relatively few were issued as few veterans wanted to trade in their medal , and even fewer wanted to pay the fee . The Yser Medal and the Yser Cross could not be worn together , it was one or the other . Although issued with the same black and red ribbon as the Yser medal , many Flemish recipients opted for an unofficial black and yellow ribbon identifying them as Dutch speaking Belgians .