naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SM - 68 Titan The SM - 68 Titan ( individual variants later designated HGM - 25 and LGM - 25 ) was the designation for two American intercontinental ballistic missile s , which were members of the Titan family of rockets . These consisted of the Titan I and Titan II missiles , which were operational between 1962 and 1987 , and were a major component of the United States fleet of missiles during the Cold War . Titan was originally built as a backup to the SM - 65 Atlas . The Titan I used RP - 1 and liquid oxygen propellant , resulting in a response time of around fifteen minutes , required to fuel the rocket and raise it to a launch position . It was replaced by the more powerful Titan II , which used nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine , allowing it to be stored with propellant loaded , giving it a much shorter response time . Titan I . The Titan I was the first version of the Titan family of rockets . It began as a backup ICBM project in case the Atlas was delayed . It was a two - stage rocket propelled by RP - 1 and liquid oxygen . Using RP - 1 and LOX meant that the Titan I did not have a quick launch sequence . It took about fifteen minutes to load LOX on the first missile at a complex , raise it topside and launch it , with the other two missiles following at about eight - minute intervals . Titan I was operational from early 1962 to mid - 1965 . Several US Air Force units operated the Titan I : Titan II . Most Titan rockets were the Titan II , which could carry a W - 53 nuclear warhead with a nine megaton yield , making it the most powerful ICBM on - standby in the US nuclear arsenal . These were deployed in three squadrons of 18 missiles each , in Arizona , Kansas , and Arkansas . All of the ICBM Titan II missile sites have been decommissioned since the retirement of the Titan II as an ICBM in 1987 , but the Titan Missile Museum on Interstate 19 south of Tucson , Arizona , has preserved one deactivated launch site . The Titan II was a two - stage ICBM that was used by the US Air Force from the mid - 1960s to the mid - 1980s . The Titan II used a hypergolic combination of nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine for propellant . In addition to its use as an ICBM , twelve Titan II missiles were converted to launch Gemini spacecraft for NASA , ten of which were manned . Following retirement , a further thirteen were converted to the " Titan 23G " configuration , and used to launch satellites , and the Clementine Lunar probe . The last Titan II launch occurred in 2003 .
Edward Crundall Captain Edward Duncan Crundall DFC AFC ( 9 December 1896 – 1980s ) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . Early life . Edward Duncan Crundall was born in Whitfield , Kent , England on 9 December 1896 . World War I . Crundall joined the Royal Naval Air Service in 1914 . By 1916 , he was posted to 8 Naval Squadron as a pilot . He would score his first aerial victories during Bloody April 1917 while flying a Sopwith Triplane . On 10 May 1917 , he was wounded and shot down by Alois Heldmann . Munday would then switch squadrons and mounts for his last four wins , flying a Sopwith Camel for 210 Squadron RAF . For his valorous efforts , he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross . Post World War I . Crundall left the Royal Air Force but continued with aviation . He flew civil flights and air charter work until 1937 . In 1939 , he rejoined the RAF . He commanded the 116th Calibration Squadron until 1945 , earning an Air Force Cross for his efforts . After World War II , Crundall began charter airlines to French Equatorial Africa and South Africa . By the end of his flying career , he had accumulated over 8 , 500 flying hours in his pilot ' s log . His autobiography , entitled " Fighter Pilot on the Western Front " , was published in 1975 .
Type 89 15 cm Cannon The Type 89 15 cm Cannon was the main gun of the Imperial Japanese Army heavy artillery units . The Type 89 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the year 2589 of the Japanese calendar ( 1929 ) . It was widely used from the Manchurian Incident to the end of World War II , for example , Nomonhan , Bataan and Corregidor Island , Okinawa . The Type 89 15 cm gun was comparable to the U . S . M1918 155 mm GPF cannon , but the Type 89 has shorter range . The Type 89 was less efficient than similar heavy caliber guns of other nations in World War II . Design . The trail was the split - box type trail with detachable spades . The traversing hand wheel and the scale were located on the left side of the carriage . The elevation scale , the range drum , and the sight were on the right side of the carriage . It fires a shell considerably heavier than that used in the 150 - mm howitzer . The Japanese were sufficiently satisfied with this gun to provide it with a fixed mount for siege use in 1930 , but as a heavy field piece it has certain definite limitations . Traveling in two loads , it takes longer to emplace than weapons of corresponding caliber in other modern armies and yet it is out - ranged by all of them . The Type 89 has a variable hydro - pneumatic recoil system and an interrupted thread breech block ; the latter has a mushroom head and stepped - up buttress type screws . Two carriages have been recovered . The only apparent difference is in the two equilibrators . One has spring type and the other hydrospring type . The trail is the split box type with detachable trail spades . The traversing handwheel and scale are located on the left side of the carriage ; the scale is graduated up to 350 mils in ten mil increments . The elevation scale , range drum , and sight are on the right side of the carriage ; the range scale is graduated up to 42 degrees . An 8 ton prime mover is used to tow the piece . For traveling , the gun is broken down in two loads , tube and carriage . Combat record . No example of this weapon has been captured before 1944 , although it was probably used in the Malay and Philippine campaigns .
CD - 57 The ( Hagelin ) CD - 57 was a portable , mechanical cipher machine manufactured by Crypto AG , first produced in 1957 . It was derived from the earlier CD - 55 , and was designed to be compatible with the larger C - 52 machines . Compact , the CD - 57 measured merely 5 1 / 8in × 3 1 / 8in × 1 1 / 2in ( 13 × 8 × 3 . 8 cm ) and weighed 1 . 5 pounds ( 680 gr ) . The CD - 57 used six wheels . A variant is the CD - 57 ( RT ) , a similar device using a one - time pad system rather than rotating wheels . The STG - 61 was a licensed copy of the CD - 57 by Hell . Sullivan ( 2002 ) shows how the CD - 57 can be attacked using a hill climbing search technique .
734th Bombardment Squadron The 734th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 453d Bombardment Group , stationed at Fort Dix Army Air Base , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 12 September 1945 . History . Established in mid 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron , assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Trained in Idaho for the first phase of training which included local area flights , bombing and aerial gunnery practice . Moved to California for second and third phases of training . The training there was more extensive . It included cross country missions , navigation problems , gunnery , bombing and pilot training problems . At this time considerable time was spent in ground school instruction on problems pertaining to heavy bombardment operations for overseas duty . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England in December 1943 . Engaged in long - range strategic bombardment of enemy targets in Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , attacking transportation , industrial , Oil Industry and other targets as directed . Also engaged in tactical bombardment of enemy forces in France in support of the Operation Overlord landings in Normandy , and the subsequent breakout at St - Lo in July 1944 . Attacked enemy formations and armor during the Battle of the Bulge , January 1945 . Continued bombardment of strategic targets until the German Capitulation in May . Returned to the United States shortly after the Capitulation , prepared for B - 29 Superfortress upgrade training , however never was organized or equipped . Most personnel demobilized during the summer of 1945 , unit was inactivated in September after the Japanese Capitulation .
Çandarlı Ali Pasha Çandarlı Ali Pasha ( died December 18 , 1406 ) was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1387 until 1406 , under sultan Bayezid I and , during the Ottoman Interregnum , Süleyman Çelebi . As a member of the prominent Çandarlı family , Ali became grand vizier upon the death of his father , grand vizier Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha , and served as a grand vizier until his death in 1406 . He was the brother of future grand vizier Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder . Ali Pasha was the commander of the Ottoman troops that conquered most of Bulgaria and Dobruja in 1388 and one of the commanders of the Rumelian sipahi s during the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 .
Battle of Ciudad Real The Battle of Ciudad Real was fought on March 27 , 1809 , and resulted in a French victory under General Sebastiani against the Spanish under General Conde de Cartojal . French 4th Corps ( with attached Polish division under general Valance ) had to cross the bridge over the Guadiana River which was defended by the Spanish corps of Count Urbino Cartaojal . Polish lancer s of the Legion of the Vistula under colonel Jan Konopka charged through the bridge taking it by surprise , then outflanked Spanish infantry and attacked it from behind as the main French and Polish forces crossed the bridge , and attacked the Spanish front lines . The battle was over when undisciplined Spanish soldiers dispersed , and began to retreat in the direction of Santa Cruz . Józef Rudnicki , adiutant - major of the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Legion , described the battle in his diaries ( spelling according to the original ) : " " as soon as the French regiments of the 4th Corps met our division , we rushed immediately toward the Consiegra and Cuidat - Real , before of which town we found the Spanish corps , waiting for us on good positions . We were outnumbered , but thank to the rational orders of the general Sebastjani , in some od four hours on 27 March 1809 the Spaniards were defeated and dispersed . They were retreating in chaos toward Almagro , where the Order of Calatrava has its home , and toward the S - ta Cruse , and even further , into the Sierramorena Mountains . " " The Spanish corps lost some 2000 men killed or wounded and many more were taken prisoner . After the battle the count of Cartojal was deprived of command for incompetency , and replaced by general Venegas , hero of the Spanish War of Independence , and later the viceroy of New Spain .
HMS Andromache ( 1832 ) HMS " Andromache " was a 28 - gun sixth rate launched in 1832 . She was converted to a powder hulk in 1854 and was broken up in 1875 . She took William Napier to China and participated in the war with China at Canton in 1834 .
Comandarm Comandarm ( also " komandarm " , " commandarm " , Russian " командарм " - abbreviated from " командующий армией " , " commander of the army " ) was a military rank of the Red Army until the end of the 1930s . There were two ranks of " comandarm " , approximately corresponding to " general " , or NATO ranks OF - 9 and OF - 10 , respectively . " " Comandarm " of the second rank " ( " командарм второго ранга " ) , with the insignia of four diamonds , is 4 ranks above a colonel . " " Comandarm " of the first rank " ( " командарм первого ранга " ) , with the insignia of four diamonds and a star , is 5 ranks above a colonel .
William Rankine Milligan , Lord Milligan William Rankine Milligan , Lord Milligan PC , KC ( 12 December 1898 – 28 July 1975 ) was a Scottish Tory politician and judge . Early life . Educated at Sherborne School , University College , Oxford , and the University of Glasgow . At Oxford , he was elected President of Vincent ' s Club in 1923 . In the First World War , he served with the Highland Light Infantry from 1917 to 1919 . Legal career . He was admitted as an advocate in 1925 , and appointed a King ' s Counsel in 1945 . He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland from 1951 to 1954 , and Lord Advocate from 1954 to 1960 , and was made a Privy Counsellor in 1955 . He was appointed to the bench in 1960 , with the judicial title Lord Milligan . He retired in 1973 . Politics . He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate at Glasgow St Rollox in 1945 and again at Central Ayrshire in 1950 and 1951 , and was elected for Edinburgh North in 1955 , where he served until 1960 . Other . He was a member of the Royal Company of Archers .
USS Elokomin ( AO - 55 ) USS Elokomin ( AO - 55 ) was a " Cimarron " - class fleet oiler acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II . She served her country primarily in the Atlantic Ocean , Mediterranean Sea , and North Atlantic Ocean Theatre of Operations , and provided petroleum products where needed to combat ships . " Elokomin " was launched 19 October 1943 by Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard , Sparrows Point , Maryland , under a Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 721 ) ; sponsored by Mrs . C . M . Marcey ; transferred to the Navy 30 January 1943 ; and commissioned 30 November 1943 , Commander J . A . Ivaldi , USNR , in command . World War II Atlantic Ocean operations . From January to August 1944 " Elokomin " was almost constantly at sea transporting fuel oil , diesel oil , and gasoline from Gulf ports to Norfolk , Virginia , New York , Argentia , Newfoundland , and Bermuda . On 2 September she sailed with a convoy for Oran , Algeria , refueling the convoy escorts during the passage and discharging fuel oil to the dock at Oran upon arrival . She reached Bermuda 14 October , and after discharging the remainder of her cargo , returned to Norfolk 4 days later . Two similar voyages were made to Casablanca after which she served as station tanker at Bermuda in March and April 1945 . " Elokomin " returned to coastwise and Caribbean duty until the end of the war . She continued on active service and from her base at Norfolk , operated mainly along the east coast and on fleet exercises . She alternated this duty with U . S . 6th Fleet tours in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic Treaty Organization exercises in European waters through 1962 . Decommissioning . She was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on unknown dates . She was transferred to the Maritime Administration for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at another unknown date . Her final disposition was that she was scrapped in 1970 .
Witte Brigade The White Brigade ( , ) was a Belgian resistance group , founded in the summer of 1940 in Antwerp by Marcel Louette , who was nicknamed " Fidelio " . The group was originally known as " De Geuzengroep " but changed its name after liberation to its better - known title of Witte Brigade - Fidelio . The name was chosen in opposition to the " Black Brigade " , a collaborator group led by SS - Untersturmführer Reimond Tollenaere , who was responsible for the propaganda of pro - German Flemish National Union . The Witte Brigade was based in Antwerp but had smaller branches in Gent , Lier , Aalst , Brussels , Waasland , Wallonia and in the coastal region . Activities . Important activities of the " Witte Brigade " were distributing anti - German propaganda , the creation of lists of collaborators and organizing patriotic demonstrations on key Belgian holidays , such as 21 July ( National Day ) and 11 November ( Anniversary of the German surrender in the First World War ) . The resistance group published its own propaganda newspaper called " " Always united " " ( , ) with some 80 editions published . In addition , the group was concerned with obtaining military information about the Port of Antwerp where they obtained information on the possible German invasion of Britain and helping shot - down Allied pilots to return to England . The " Witte Brigade " had connections with various intelligence networks , codenamed " Luc " , " Bravery " and " Group Zero " . It was also the only resistance group early in the war with contact with the Belgian government in exile and the British . Members and arrests . Many members of the " Witte Brigade " were policemen . Especially , the police of Deurne was strongly represented . From 1943 , many members of the resistance were arrested . When a prominent member was captured in possession of list of other members , 58 members were arrested and sent to German camps . In Deurne in a raid in January 1944 , 62 members were arrested and that same year , on May 9 the founder Marcel Louette was arrested and deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp . Louette would eventually return from Germany and died in Antwerp in 1978 . In total , the " Witte Brigade " suffered 400 losses of the 3 , 750 recognized members . Achievements . Despite their heavy losses , the " Witte Brigade " , along with the Armée secrète , the Front de l ' Indépendance , the Mouvement National Royaliste and Groupe G , helped allied forces capture the port of Antwerp intact in 1944 . The influence of the " Witte Brigade " was considerable . The organization had been known popularly as the " White Brigade " so , after liberation , the group changed its name , adding the word " Fidelio " , the pseudonym of Louette .
John Cope ( British Army officer ) Sir John Cope KB ( 1690 – 1760 ) was a British general and member of parliament . Although a successful officer in the Wars of the Spanish and Austrian Succession , he is best known for his defeat at the Battle of Prestonpans in 1745 . Life . Cope was educated at Westminster School and from there joined the British Army . He rose quickly , and was appointed a Knight of the Bath ( KB ) for his performance in battle in Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession . He went on to serve as member of parliament for Queenborough ( 1722 – 1727 ) , Liskeard ( 1727 – 34 ) and Orford ( 1738 – 41 ) . In 1745 in his role as Commander - in - Chief in Scotland , Cope was in command of the government forces at the Battle of Prestonpans and was defeated by the Jacobite army of Charles Edward Stuart ( Bonnie Prince Charlie ) . His men broke and ran as the result of a highland charge . The battle is commemorated by Adam Skirving ' s heavily mythologized song " Heigh ! Johnnie Cowp , are ye wauken yet ? " ( Hey Johnnie Cope , are you awake yet ? ) . In his popular book " The Life of Colonel Gardiner " ( 1747 ) , the nonconformist author Philip Doddridge alleged that when Cope surveyed the forces that Bonnie Prince Charlie had amassed against him , he chose to gain the dubious honour of being the first British general to deliver the news of his own defeat by fleeing the battle and leaving his men without a commander . However , Cope was later court - martialled and exonerated of such charges : Cope is said to have made a large amount wagering that his replacement ( Lt Gen . Henry Hawley ) would be defeated by the clans just as he had been .
David J . Kern David Kern , an officer of the United States Navy , was the first commanding officer of USS " Virginia " ( SSN - 774 ) . Kern earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy and was commissioned in May 1981 . Upon completion of nuclear power training and Naval Submarine School , he reported to USS " Honolulu " ( SSN - 718 ) , homeported in Norfolk , Virginia . He supported deployed ships in the Mediterranean Sea and served as Chemistry and Radiological Assistant and Communicator until the ship was delivered to the Pacific Fleet in 1986 . Captain Kern then reported to the Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey , California , and earned a Master ’ s degree in national security affairs . Captain Kern served as Combat Systems Officer on USS " Newport News " ( SSN - 750 ) and in 1990 received the Stephen Decatur Award for Operational Excellence from the United States Naval League . In 1990 , he reported aboard USS " Cincinnati " ( SSN - 693 ) as Engineer Officer and deployed to the North Atlantic . In 1992 , Captain Kern served as a junior member on the Nuclear Propulsion Examining Board on the staff of the Commander in Chief , U . S . Atlantic Fleet . Captain Kern reported as Executive Officer on USS " Nebraska " ( SSBN - 739 Gold ) in 1995 and conducted four strategic deterrent patrols . During his tour , " Nebraska " ’ s crew earned the Submarine Squadron Twenty Battle " E " Award , the United States Strategic Command ' s Omaha Trophy , and a Meritorious Unit Commendation . In 1997 , Captain Kern was assigned to the Chief of Naval Operations Staff in the Directorate for Submarine Warfare . In June 1999 , Captain Kern took command of USS " San Francisco " ( SSN - 711 ) , homeported in Pearl Harbor . Under his leadership , " San Francisco " was awarded a Secretary of the Navy Letter of Commendation , two consecutive Fleet Golden Anchor Award s , and completed an Engineered Refueling Overhaul three months ahead of schedule . Captain Kern assumed command of Pre - Commissioning Unit ( PCU ) " Virginia " in August 2002 . He has been awarded the Meritorious Service Medal ( three awards ) , the Navy Commendation Medal ( four awards ) , the Navy Achievement Medal , and various other unit awards . References . This article was initially based on the official biography published by Commander , Submarine Forces , Atlantic Fleet : http : / / www . sublant . navy . mil / 774co . html
Noel Keeble Captain Noel Keeble ( born 6 April 1892 , date of death unknown ) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . Keeble was with No . 1 Wing RNAS at Dunkirk in late 1915 . He used a Nieuport to force an enemy seaplane to land on the sea on 25 January 1916 . Nine months later , on 23 October 1916 , he used a Sopwith Pup to destroy a seaplane . In 1918 , he was a flight commander on 202 Squadron piloting an Airco DH . 4 . Between 5 June and 16 September 1918 , he destroyed three enemy fighters and drove another one down out of control . His gunner / observer during these wins was fellow ace Eric Betts . Keeble was granted a permanent commission as a Flight Lieutenant on 1 August 1919 . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Swiss saber The Swiss sabre ( German , " Schweizersäbel " ) is a type of backsword or early sabre design that was popular in Early Modern Switzerland . Unlike the terms Swiss degen ( " Schweizerdegen " ) and Swiss dagger ( " Schweizerdolch " ) which are attested in the 16th century , " Schweizersäbel " is a modern term , coined by antiquarian and curator of the Swiss National Museum Eduard Achilles Gessler ( 1880 - 1947 ) in his 1914 publication on the topic . The contemporary term for this weapon was " Schnepf " or " Schnäpf " , literally " snipe " , apparently based on likening the blade to the beak of this kind of bird . Swiss sabres have single - edged , slightly curved blades which in the mid 16th century were set in regular sword hilts , including the variety of designs found there , with recurved quillions and / or rings and knuckle guards . By the late 16th century , specialized hilt forms begin to emerge , often with pommels shaped as a lion ' s head , or plated with silver .
USS Aurora ( SP - 345 ) USS " Aurora " ( SP - 345 ) was a harbor tug and a minesweeper of the United States Navy . Built in 1906 in Camden , New Jersey , by John H . Dialogue , the " Aurora " was originally used for civilian purposes . In August 1917 , the ship was chartered from Lehigh Valley Railroad , the owners at that time , and was commissioned on 22 September 1917 as a minesweeper in New York Harbor . In December 1918 , " Aurora " was transferred to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service for use as a tugboat in Tompkinsville , New York . " Aurora " was decommissioned on 24 March 1919 and immediately returned to her owner . See also . See also List of patrol vessels of the United States Navy