naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles R . d ' Olive First Lieutenant Charles Rudolph d ' Olive was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . He was the last World War I aviator to be declared an ace , in 1963 . World War I . Although born in Alabama , d ' Olive later lived in Cedar Falls , Iowa . He enlisted into aviation service in Memphis during Bloody April 1917 . He trained in France , and was posted to the 93d Aero Squadron on 23 August 1918 as a Spad XIII pilot . He scored the new unit ' s first victory on 12 September . The following day , he shot down three Fokker D . VII s , two in conjunction with George W . Furlow ; it was an exploit that earned d ' Olive the Distinguished Service Cross . He scored once more , on 18 October 1918 . Ten days later , he was transferred to the 141st Aero Squadron as a Flight Commander . Post World War I . When d ' Olive returned home , he went into business . For reasons that remain murky , d ' Olive would not be officially recognized as an ace until 1963 . He died of cancer on 20 July 1974 . A number of historic items and documents from d ' Olive ' s military service are on display at the 93d Bomb Squadron offices at Barksdale Air Force Base , Louisiana . Honors and awards citations . Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Charles Rudolph d ' Olive , First Lieutenant ( Air Service ) , U . S . Army , for extraordinary heroism in action near St . Benoit , France , September 12 , 1918 , First Lieutenant D ' Olive , in conjunction with another American pilot , engaged and fought five enemy planes . Outnumbered and fighting against tremendous odds , he shot down three enemy planes and outfought the entire enemy formation .
1st Landwehr Division ( German Empire ) The 1st Landwehr Division ( " 1 . Landwehr - Division " ) was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I . It was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the " Higher " Landwehr " Commander 1 " ( " Höherer Landwehr - Kommandeur 1 " ) and , initially , also referred to as the " Landwehr - Division Goltz " after its commander . The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army , after the regular Army and the reserves . Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves , and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat . Organization at mobilization . On mobilization , the 1st Landwehr Division was created by aggregating four mixed Landwehr brigades ( " gemischte Landwehr - Brigaden " ) , each of which generally included its own infantry , cavalry and artillery . Its initial wartime organization was as follows : The 33rd and 34th Mixed Landwehr Brigades were raised in the IX Corps area ( the Province of Schleswig - Holstein , part of the Province of Hanover , the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg - Schwerin and Mecklenburg - Strelitz , and the Hanseatic Cities of Bremen , Hamburg , and Lübeck ) . The 37th and 38th Mixed Landwehr Brigades were raised in the X Corps area ( the Province of Hanover , the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg , and the Duchy of Brunswick ) . Combat chronicle . The 1st Landwehr Division began the war on the Eastern Front . In 1914 - 15 , it participated in the battles of Gumbinnen , the Tannenberg , and 2nd Masurian Lakes . It then took part in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive . The division was then primarily employed in positional warfare until the armistice on the Eastern Front . In early 1918 , it was transferred to the Western Front , where it was primarily employed in positional warfare in Flanders and Alsace - Lorraine . Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a " square division " ) . In the case of Landwehr divisions , the mixed Landwehr brigades were converted to regular infantry brigades before being triangularized , and were often used to form new units . The 1st Landwehr Division ' s order of battle on January 15 , 1918 was as follows :
29th Indian Infantry Brigade The 29th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in October 1940 , by the renumbering of the 21st Indian Infantry Brigade . It was assigned to the 5th Indian Infantry Division . They took part in the East African Campaign and the Western Desert Campaign and were destroyed 28 June during the fighting at Fuka during the First Battle of El Alamein .
Green Standard Army Green Standard Army ( 綠營兵 lùyíngbīng ) is the name of a category of military units under the control of the Qing Dynasty in China . It was made up mostly of ethnic Han soldiers and operated concurrently with the Manchu - Mongol - Han Eight Banner armies . In areas of high concentration of Hui , Muslims served as soldiers in the Green Standard Army . The original Green Standard troops were the soldiers of the Ming commanders who surrendered to Qing in 1644 and after . Their troops enlisted voluntarily and for long terms of service ; they usually came from the socially disadvantaged , and remained segregated from Chinese society , partly because of the latter ' s deep anti - military bias during the late Ming period , and partly because they were paid too poorly and irregularly to marry and support a family . From the 18th century on the Green Standard Army served primarily as a gendarmerie or constabulary force , designed to maintain local law and order and quell small - scale disturbances . However , it was also contributing the bulk of forces dispatched in major campaigns . The Green Standard Army was extremely fragmented , with literally thousands of large and small outposts throughout the empire , many with as few as twelve men . It was divided into garrisons of battalion size , reporting through regional brigade generals to commanders - in - chief ( 提督 ) in each province . Governors and governor - generals each had a battalion of Green Standard troops under their personal command , but their primary duties lay in the judicial and revenue areas rather than coping with invasion or rebellion . During peacetime , it was rare for one officer to command more than 5 , 000 men . Strictly speaking , the Green Standard Army was not a hereditary force , although the dynasty directed its recruiting efforts primarily at sons and other relatives of serving soldiers . Enlistment was considered a lifetime occupation , but it was generally very simple to be reclassified as a civilian . A system of rotation was used for Green Standard troops in frontier areas . In Kashgaria , troops of the Green Standard from Shaanxi and Gansu had to serve for three year tour of duties , later increased to five years , then returned to their homes . By 1800 both the Banner forces and the Green Standard armies had declined to a low level of military effectiveness , as was shown in both the Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion . Ma Zhanao , a former Muslim rebel , defected to Qing during the Dungan revolt ( 1862 – 1877 ) and his Muslim forces were then recruited into the Green Standard Army of the Qing military after the war ended .
Flying Regiment 2 , Finnish Air Force Flying Regiment 2 ( or " LentoR 2 " , renamed on May 5 , 1942 into " LeR 2 " ) was fighter regiment of the Finnish Air Force during World War II . Organization . Lapland War . The equipment consisted among others of Fokker D . XXI s , Morane - Saulnier MS . 406 s , Brewster Buffalo es , Messerschmitt Bf 109 Gs , Bristol Bulldog Mk . IVs , Fiat G . 50 s , Hawker Hurricane Mk . Is , Gloster Gladiator Mk . IIs , Polikarpov I - 153 s , Mörkö - Morane s , Fokker C . X s , and Westland Lysander Mk . Is .
Aérospatiale - Matra Aérospatiale - Matra was a French missile and aircraft manufacturer . It was formed in 1999 by the merger of French companies Aérospatiale and Matra Haute Technologie . It was short - lived as a company ; on July 10 , 2000 , it merged with DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG ( DASA ) of Germany and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA ( CASA ) of Spain to form EADS . Aérospatiale - Matra Missiles . While Matra founded Matra BAe Dynamics with British Aerospace Dynamics in 1996 as a missile group , it kept its own missile subsidiary active , Matra Missiles . This would become Aérospatiale Matra Missiles ( AMM ) in 1999 and finally EADS Aérospatiale Matra Missiles before it became part of MBDA .
PZA Loara The PZA Loara ( Polish : " Przeciwlotniczy Zestaw Artyleryjski " or " anti - aircraft artillery system " ) is a Polish armored radar - directed self - propelled anti - aircraft gun system . The original PZA Loara prototype was based on the chassis of the T - 72 MBT . The production version known as PZA Loara - A is based on the chassis of the PT - 91 MBT . Description . The system was developed by Poland in the late 1990s . Based around the chassis of the PT - 91 " Twardy " tank , the Loara mounts an armored turret holding two Oerlikon KDA 35 mm cannons 35x228 mm linked to a radar - based fire control system . It was originally planned that it would work closely together with the PZR Loara , a missile - armed version vehicle based on the PZA , prior to the PZR ' s cancellation . The Loara is an autonomous fire unit capable of performing its tasks independently or acting as a component in a wider air defence system . The system has two radars , a 3D search radar and an engagement radar . The search radar has a range of 26 km and is capable of tracking and identifying up to 64 targets at once . The radar system can also be operated on the move , refreshing its data every second . The system also has a laser range - finder , TV and FLIR cameras giving the system both all - weather day / night capabilities and the ability to operate entirely passively in a heavy ECM environment . The Loara has a reaction time of under 10 seconds . The system can engage aircraft flying at very low altitudes up to 5 , 000 m , and flying at speeds of up to 500 m / s . It is also effective against lightly armored ground and naval targets . Currently the only user of this system is the Polish army which ordered a small number . Awards . It was awarded two awards at International Defence Industry show in Kielce in 2004 :
Expedition to Hernando Expedition to Hernando was a military movement of the Union Army during the American Civil War . The Expedition . On August 16 , 1863 the Union force set out on an expedition to Hernando Mississippi from Memphis Tennessee , With a skirmish with Confederate combatants near Panola Mississippi on August 17 , 1863 . The Union force had returned to Memphis Tennessee on August 20 , 1863 to end the expedition . Result . A minor skirmish
15th Virginia Regiment The 15th Virginia Regiment was raised on December 28 , 1775 in eastern , Virginia for service with the Continental Army . The regiment would see action at the Battle of Brandywine , Battle of Germantown , Battle of Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston . Most of the regiment was captured at Charlestown , South Carolina on May 12 , 1780 by the British and the regiment was formally disbanded on November 15 , 1783 .
Augustus Herman Pettibone Augustus Herman Pettibone ( January 21 , 1835 – November 26 , 1918 ) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 1st congressional district of Tennessee . Biography . Pettibone was born in Bedford , Ohio , in Cuyahoga County , Ohio son of Augustus N . and Nancy L . ( Hathaway ) Pettibone . He graduated from Hiram College in Ohio and then from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1859 . He studied law , with the Hon . Jonathan E . Arnold , at Milwaukee , Wisconsin , and was admitted to the bar in 1860 . He then commenced practice in La Crosse , Wisconsin . He was married three times . On July 16 , 1868 , he married Mary C . Speck , of Rogersville , Tennessee , daughter of George C . Speck . His second wife was Sara Bradford Young and his third was Serafina Deery M . Trigg . Career . During the American Civil War , Pettibone enlisted as a private in the Union Army in 1861 and was promoted to second lieutenant , captain , and major in the 20th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Pettibone continued the practice of law in Greeneville , Tennessee , in 1865 . He served as an alderman of Greenville from 1866 to 1868 . He was an attorney general for the first judicial circuit of Tennessee in 1869 and 1870 . He was appointed an assistant United States district attorney for the eastern district of Tennessee on December 27 , 1871 , serving until 1880 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1878 to the Forty - sixth Congress . He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880 . Elected as a Republican to the Forty - seventh , Forty - eighth , and Forty - ninth Congresses , Pettibone served from March 4 , 1881 to March 3 , 1887 . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1886 , but resumed the practice of law and served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1897 to 1899 . He was appointed a special agent of the General Land Office and served from July 17 , 1899 to January 31 , 1905 , when he resigned . Death . Pettibone died in Nashville , Tennessee , and is interred in Nashville National Cemetery in Madison , Tennessee , in Davidson County , Tennessee .
CSS Savannah ( gunboat ) CSS " Savannah " , later called " Old Savannah " , was a gunboat in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War . " Savannah " was formerly the steamer " Everglade " , built in 1856 at New York City . She was purchased early in 1861 by the State of Georgia and converted into a gunboat for coast defense . With Georgia ' s admission to the Confederacy , " Savannah " , under Lieutenant John Newland Maffitt , was commissioned by the Confederate States Navy . She was attached to the squadron of Flag Officer Josiah Tattnall , charged with the naval defense of South Carolina and Georgia . On November 5 – 6 , 1861 , " Savannah " , flying Tattnall ' s flag , in company with CSS " Resolute " , CSS " Sampson " , and CSS " Lady Davis " , offered harassing resistance to a much larger Union fleet , under Flag Officer Samuel Francis Du Pont , preparing to attack Confederate strongholds at Port Royal Sound , South Carolina On November 7 , " Savannah " fired on the heavy Union ships as they bombarded Fort Walker and Fort Beauregard . Driven finally by the Federal gunboats into Skull Creek , Georgia , Tattnall disembarked with a landing party in an abortive attempt to support the fort ' s garrison , and " Savannah " returned to Savannah , Georgia to repair damages . On November 26 , 1861 , " Savannah " , in company with " Resolute " and " Sampson " , all under Flag Officer Tattnall , weighed anchor from under the guns of Fort Pulaski , South Carolina , and made a brave , but brief attack on Union vessels at the mouth of the Savannah River . On January 28 , 1862 , the same three vessels delivered supplies to the fort despite the spirited opposition of Federal ships . " Savannah " later assisted in the unsuccessful defense of Fort Pulaski on April 10 – 11 , 1862 , and for the remainder of the year served as a receiving ship at the city of Savannah . Her name was changed to " Oconee " on April 28 , 1863 , and in June she was loaded with cotton and dispatched to England to pay for much - needed supplies . After some delay she escaped to sea , only to founder on August 18 during bad weather . A boat with four officers and eleven men was captured two days later ; the remainder of her crew escaped .
Friedrich Wachowiak Friedrich Wachowiak ( 13 February 1920 – 16 July 1944 ) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich Wachowiak served with JG 52 and JG 3 and gained his first victories against the Royal Air Force in 1940 . At the end of 1941 he received his 20th victory and the 40th was in March 1942 . His first Soviet victory was on 1 May 1942 . On 07 - 05 - 1942 he reported his 62nd and on 29 - 11 - 1942 the 86th victory . 1943 / 1944 he was temporary a fighter flight trainer and came back to the front in Mai 1944 with the JG 52 over Normandy . Friedrich Wachowiak was killed on 16 July 1944 on the Normandy invasion front during aerial combat with a Spitfire by Ecouche ( in the Caen - Argentan area ) , as Leutnant and Flugzeugführer III / Jagdgeschwader 3 " Udet " . Friedrich Wachowiak was credited with 120 victories . Many of his his victories were recorded over the Eastern Front . At least five were Il - 2 Sturmovik .
Blackrock Castle Blackrock Castle , formerly Mahon Castle , is a 16th - century castle located about 2 km from the heart of Cork city , Republic of Ireland on the banks of the River Lee . The " Cosmos at the Castle " project is a centre for scientific research , outreach and communication . The project is a joint venture between Cork City Council , Cork Institute of Technology and a private benefactor . A unique feature of the facility is the manner in which children and adults are encouraged to interact with science . History . In the late 16th century , the citizens of Cork appealed to Queen Elizabeth I to construct a fort at Blackrock to " repel pirates and other invaders " . In or around 1600 , a round tower was constructed to safeguard against pirates " carrying away " vessels entering the harbour . Earliest remains today are a circular tower right on the water ' s edge , 10 . 5m in diameter , with walls 2 . 2m thick to withstand cannons . Blackrock Castle was in the ownership of the City of Cork following a charter of James I to the City in 1608 . The castle is later referred to in the Council Book of Cork in 1613 and 1614 . In 1722 the old four - storey tower was destroyed by fire and new one built by the citizens , costing £296 . Throughout this period , the castle was used by the Corporation for banquets and ' convivial gatherings ' , some associated with the custom of ' throwing the dart ' . This ancient custom was held every three years in August , where a dart ( an arrow about four feet long ) was thrown from a boat by the Mayor accompanied by officers of the Corporation . Following a banquet , the castle was destroyed by fire in 1827 . The rebuilding began at the direction of Mayor Thomas Dunscombe in 1828 and was completed in March 1829 . The architects added three additional storeys to the original tower and rebuilt the out - buildings . The new building cost the City of Cork £1 , 000 . The architects were James and GR Pain , who were responsible for many fine churches and public buildings in Cork , notably the Courthouse in 1835 , the interiors of the Catholic Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne in 1828 , and St Patrick ' s Church in 1836 . This neo - gothic complex of buildings around a courtyard is essentially what remains today . The building was purchased by Cork Corporation in 2001 and had previously been used at different times as offices , as a restaurant and as a private residence Astronomy center . Blackrock Castle houses Ireland ' s first fully interactive astronomy center developed by the award - winning multimedia company Martello Media . The exhibition is now open to the public and is themed " The Search for Extreme Life in the Universe " . Highlights of the exhibition will include : The castle already houses a team of astronomical researchers from Cork Institute of Technology who have been working on the development of the exhibition and the construction of Ireland ' s first robotic observatory . At the same time , the team are currently engaged in a number of astronomy projects .
XXII Corps ( United States ) The XXII Corps was a corps of the United States Army during World War II and the Cold War , and as II Field Force , Vietnam , the Vietnam War . Lineage . Constituted 9 January 1944 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , XXII Corps . Activated 15 January 1944 at Fort Campbell , Kentucky . Inactivated 20 January 1946 in Germany . Alloted 12 July 1950 to the Regular Army . Redesignated 5 January 1966 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , II Field Force . Activated 10 January 1966 at Fort Hood , Texas . Redesignated 15 March 1966 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , II Field Force , Vietnam . Inactivated 3 May 1971 at Fort Hood , Texas . Redesignated 2 September 1982 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , XXII Corps . Campaign participation . World War II Vietnam
Spanish ship Monarca ( 1756 ) Monarca was a 68 - gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy , launched in 1756 . She fought in the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1780 , in which she was captured by the Royal Navy and subsequently commissioned as the third rate HMS " Monarca " . She came under the command of Captain John Gell who was under the orders of Sir Samuel Hood to go to the West Indies . However she was dismasted in a storm and obliged to return to Britain for refitting . She fought at the Battle of Cuddalore in 1783 . She was sold out of the navy in 1791 .
32nd Indian Armoured Division The 32nd Indian Armoured Division was an armoured division of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in April 1941 , as the 2nd Armoured Division , renamed the 33rd in December . It never saw any combat and was broken up to form the 44th Airborne Division in 1943 . Formation . 73rd Indian Infantry Brigade . The brigade was formed in July 1942 , at Poona in India . The brigade was supposed to be the Infantry brigade component of the 32nd Indian Armoured Division , but was disbanded in April 1943 , when the armoured division was disbanded .
Battle of Cádiz ( 1640 ) The Battle of Cádiz ( 1640 ) was a naval battle in the Franco - Spanish War ( 1635 - 1659 ) , which took place on July 21 , 1640 , when a French squadron under Jean Armand de Maillé - Brézé attacked a Spanish convoy coming from the Americas . The attack occurred just in front of the coast of Cádiz . < br > Armand de Breze employed a hitherto unknown tactic to attack the Spanish convoy from both sides . The Spanish lost a galleon and a small vessel but the convoy completed its journey and delivered most of its cargoes including its silver bullion . French losses are unknown .
Bernard the Dane Bernard the Dane ( French : " Bernard le Danois " ) ( c . 880 – before 960 ) was a Viking jarl ( earl ) of Danish origins . He put himself in the service of another jarl installed at the mouth of the Seine , Rollo ( before 911 ) . After the accords of Saint - Clair - sur - Epte that officially gave birth to the duchy of Normandy ( 911 ) , Bernard converted to Christianity at Rouen the following year ( 912 ) and shortly afterwards received from Rollo the county of Pont - Audemer in Roumois ( today in the Eure " département " ) then , later , the city of Harcourt . Under Rollo ' s son and successor Duke William , Bernard was charged at the beginning of the 930s with putting down the serious uprising led by a certain Riouf ( a Norman from the west , who had besieged the Duke in Rouen ) . Around 935 he put down a revolt in Bessin and Cotentin by Viking communities completely independent from the young and fragile power of the dukedom , unlike the east of the duchy of Normandy where its ducal power was affirmed a little later . Later , on William ' s premature death by assassination , Bernard became regent of the duchy of Normandy in December 942 , beside Anslech de Bricquebec , Osmond de Conteville and Raoul Taisson . In 945 - 946 , he appealed to Harald Bluetooth and his Danes to defend the duchy when it was attacked by the Carolingian king Louis of Outremer and Hugh the Great , duke of the Franks . Louis was attempting to retake the lands of the west in Normandy that had been granted to the Viking bands thirty years earlier . Bernard died a few years later ( before 960 ) . He is supposed to have been the ancestor of two great Anglo - Norman baronial families , the Beaumont s and the Harcourt s .