naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Y Gaer Y Gaer ( ) is a Roman fort situated near modern day Brecon in Mid Wales , United Kingdom . Y Gaer is located at ( Landranger 160 ) . History . Y Gaer was built around AD 75 and sits on a crossroads of Roman road s in the valley of the River Usk at a strategic point in Roman Wales , linking South Wales and Mid Wales . It was part of a chain of similar forts , such as Gobannium at Abergavenny , a days march away down the Usk valley , and larger bases , such as Moridunum ( Carmarthen ) via Alabum ( Llandovery ) , Cardiff Roman Fort to the south and Isca Augusta , Caerleon , the main base for the Roman legion locally . The site was excavated in the 1920s by Brigadier Sir Mortimer Wheeler , a prominent archaeologist and TV personality of his day . The fort was built for a contingent of up to 500 cavalrymen , recruited originally in Spain from the Vettones , and these Vettonian cavalry would have played a significant part in the conquest of the area held by the Silures . Their early stables were wooden and their accommodation basic , protected by clay banks topped with a wooden palisade . This was rebuilt in the 2nd century AD by the Legio II Augusta and also shows signs of being repaired again in the 4th century . Y Gaer Today . The site is in the care of Cadw . It lies on private farmland . Visitors can see remnants of stone walls standing in parts to some in height , part of three gatehouses and corner guard towers . Several artifacts have been removed to local museums , such as a tombstone of a young cavalryman called Candidus , held at Brecknock Museum in Brecon .
Manbulloo Airfield Manbulloo Airfield was a World War II airfield built at Manbulloo Station , near Katherine , Northern Territory . History . Works on the airfield were initially undertaken by the 43rd Engineer Regiment ( US Army ) in April 1942 . The Allied Works Council completed the works and the airfield was operational by 19 May 1942 . The runway was . The B - 24 Liberator s from the 529th and 530th Bombardment Squadron s moved to Manbulloo shortly after arriving from the United States in April 1943 , with Headquarters of their parent unit , the 380th Bomb Group being at Fenton Airfield . With the Northern Territory being subjected to the occasional Japanese air raid at the time , it was decided to disperse the operational squadrons over several airfields . From Manbulloo Airfield the squadron attacked Japanese airfields , ground installations , shipping , and industries in the Netherlands East Indies and the Bismarck Archipelago . Other missions included disruption of enemy sea channels ; dropping photoflash bombs and propaganda pamphlets . Both squadrons were reassigned to Long Airfield in late 1943 . The airfield was closed in 1944 and apparently abandoned . Today from the air no wartime buildings , taxiways or hardstands are evident , only the remains of the main NW - SE runway exist which is being used as an access road to an irrigated mango plantation , which was planted in 1972 , the first commercial mango plantation in NT , it is now owned by Manbulloo Limited who export mangoes around the world . The remains of what appears to be a second runway ( NNW - SSE ) is faintly visible in aerial photography , along with some roads possibly a part of the airfield are also faintly visible . No evidence of a containment area is visible . An access road to the airfield is joined to the Victoria Highway , however , the airfield is on private property as part of the million hectare cattle property Manbulloo Station .
USS Manley ( TB - 23 ) USS " Manley " ( Torpedo Boat No . 23 / TB - 23 ) more often spelled Manly , was built by Yarrow & Co . , Ltd . , Poplar , London , England ; purchased from Charles R . Flint 13 April 1898 during the Spanish American War ; and delivered to the New York Navy Yard to be placed in service . Assigned to the Naval Auxiliary Force , " Manley " was laid up in ordinary for repairs 25 October 1898 . On 20 April 1899 she left New York for the US Naval Academy , Annapolis , Md . ; and served there as a training ship for the midshipmen until 1914 , except for a brief period during 1906 and 1907 when the torpedo boat was assigned to the Reserve Torpedo Flotilla at the Norfolk Navy Yard . On 1 April 1914 she was placed out of service and the next day was struck from the Navy list , but she continued to serve as a ferry launch at Annapolis . Renamed " Levant II " April 1918 when DD ‑ 74 took the name " Manley " , the torpedo boat was sold 21 April 1920 to Jacob Meyer of Catonsville , Md .
Battle of Mimigawa The Battle of Mimigawa was a battle , fought in Japan , between warlords Tawara Chikataka and Shimazu Yoshihisa in 1578 . The Shimazu clan , following their conquest of the Hyuga Province , began to mobilize their armies and prepare for another attack . Meanwhile , the Tawara clan saw this as a threat and decided that they must take action . Tawara Chikataka and Otomo Sorin led an army of 30 , 000 and marched towards the Hyuga Province . Yoshihisa led an army of 50 , 000 . Yoshihisa won the battle .
HMS Shelanagig ( 1780 ) HMS " Shelanagig " ( or " Sheelanagig " , or other variants ) was a sloop of 16 - guns purchased in the West Indies in 1780 for the Royal Navy . She was under the command of Lieutenant James ( or Kieth ) Shepherd , and Admiral Home Popham served aboard her early in his career . When Admiral Rodney heard that the French were besieging Tobago , he sent " Shelanagig " , the cutter , and the " Munster Lass " to reconnoitre Martinique to gather what information they could . The three took different routes . Still on 28 May 1781 , " Shelanagig " encountered the French fleet under Comte de Grasse near St Lucia and was taken . Also , on 4 June the French captured " Fly " . Only " Munster Lass " managed to rejoin the British fleet . " Shelanagig " s ultimate fate is unknown .
French ship Magnanime ( 1779 ) The Magnanime was a 74 - gun of the French Navy , lead ship of her class She took part in the American War of Independence in De Grasse ' s squadron , most notably in the Battle of the Saintes , where she trailed with " Zélée " , in the Battle of St . Lucia , and in the Battle of the Chesapeake . She was broken up in Brest in 1793 .
John M . Crebs John Montgomery Crebs ( April 9 , 1830 – June 26 , 1890 ) was a U . S . Representative from Illinois , as well as an officer and brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Born in Middleburg , Virginia , Crebs moved to Illinois in 1837 with his parents , who settled in White County . He attended the public schools and subsequently studied law . He was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in White County . Following the outbreak of the Civil War , Crebs was commissioned as the lieutenant colonel of the 87th Illinois Infantry in 1862 . He took part in several leading campaigns and battles in the Western Theater , including the Siege of Corinth , Mississippi , in early 1862 and the Vicksburg Campaign the following year . He was also a part of the Union effort to take control of Arkansas late in 1864 . He subsequently commanded a brigade of cavalry in the Department of the Gulf until the end of the war . After the close of the war , Crebs resigned his commission and returned to White County , where he resumed the practice of law . He was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - first and Forty - second Congresses ( March 4 , 1869 – March 3 , 1873 ) , defeating incumbent and fellow former Civil War officer Green Raum in the 1868 election . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1872 . Crebs engaged in the practice of his profession until his death in Carmi , Illinois , on June 26 , 1890 . He was interred in Maple Ridge Cemetery .
Château de Fougères The Château de Fougères is a castle in the " commune " of Fougères in the Ille - et - Vilaine " département " of France . The castle was built on a naturally protected site , a rock emerging from a swamp surrounded by a loop of the Nançon river acting as a natural moat . It had three different enclosures , first for defensive purposes , second for day to day usages in peacetime and for safety of the surrounding populations in times of siege , the last enclosure was where the keep was situated . In all it has an impressive 13 towers . History . The first wooden fort was built by the House of Amboise in the eleventh century . It was destroyed in 1166 after it was besieged and taken by King Henry II of England . It was immediately rebuilt by Raoul II Baron de Fougères . Fougères was not involved in the Hundred Years ' War until 1449 when the castle was taken by surprise by an English mercenary . In 1488 the French troops won the castle back after a siege and the castle lost its military role . Today the castle belongs to the municipality and is one of Europe ' s largest medieval fortresses .
USS Opponent ( AM - 269 ) USS " Opponent " ( AM - 269 ) was an Admirable - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters , and served the Navy in the Atlantic Ocean and then was transferred to the North Pacific Ocean before war ’ s end . " Opponent " was laid down 21 September 1942 by the Gulf Shipbuilding Co . , Chickasaw , Alabama , launched 12 June 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . H . Key , Jr . ; and , commissioned 18 February 1944 , Lt . J . D . Seay , Jr . , USNR , in command . World War II Atlantic operations . After shakedown along the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf " Opponent " departed Norfolk , Virginia , 12 April for Casco Bay , Maine . There she conducted antisubmarine exercises until she sailed for New York escorting , arriving Norfolk 29 April . Early the next month , " Opponent ' s " commanding officer was ordered to assume command of Mine Squadron 33 as well as to retain command of his ship . For the next year , the little minesweeper alternated between patrol work , type training and weather ship duties . Transfer to the Pacific Fleet . On 16 March 1945 she sailed for the Pacific . Arriving San Diego , California , on 5 April , " Opponent " was assigned to Mine Division 44 . She departed San Diego three days later and arrived Pearl Harbor on the 13th . For the remainder of the war , " Opponent " escorted convoys between Southeast Asia and Pearl Harbor . She continued this service until early 1946 , when she sailed to Orange , Texas . Post - war decommissioning . " Opponent " decommissioned 27 August 1946 . She was reclassified MSF - 269 on 7 February 1955 She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 1 April 1960 and was sold to Ships & Power Inc . , Miami , Florida , on 3 February 1961 .
Armoured recovery vehicle An armoured recovery vehicle ( ARV ) is a type of vehicle recovery armoured fighting vehicle used to repair battle - or mine - damaged as well as broken - down armoured vehicles during combat , or to tow them out of the danger zone for more extensive repairs . To this end the term " Armoured Repair and Recovery Vehicle " ( ARRV ) is also used . ARVs are normally built on the chassis of a main battle tank ( MBT ) , but some are also constructed on the basis of other armoured fighting vehicle s , mostly armoured personnel carrier s ( APCs ) . ARVs are usually built on the basis of a vehicle in the same class as they are supposed to recover ; a tank - based ARV is used to recover tanks , while an APC - based one recovers APCs , but does not have the power to tow a much heavier tank . Development history . During World War I , some British Mark IV heavy tanks were fitted with jibs to produce " Salvage Tanks " but the majority of their work was at the tank parks in aid of maintaining and repairing damaged tanks . The first true ARVs were introduced in World War II , often by converting obsolete or damaged tanks , usually by removing the turret and installing a heavy - duty winch to free stuck vehicles , plus a variety of vehicle repair tools . Some were also purpose - built in factories , using an existing tank chassis with a hull superstructure to accommodate repair and recovery equipment . Many of the latter type of ARV had an A - frame or crane to allow the vehicle ' s crew to perform heavy lifting tasks such as removing the engine from a disabled tank . After World War II , most countries ' MBT models also had corresponding ARV variants . Many ARVs are also equipped with a bulldozer blade that can be used as an anchor when winching or as a stabiliser when lifting , a pump to transfer fuel to another vehicle , and more . Some can even carry a spare engine for field replacement , such the German Leopard 1 ARV . Some combat engineering vehicle s ( CEVs ) are based on ARVs . Soviet Union . The Russian acronym BREM ( cyr . БРЭМ ) stands for " бронированная ремонтно - эвакуационная машина " , literally " armoured repair and recovery vehicle " . United Kingdom . The British tested their first ARV designs in early 1942 . The decision at the time was to focus on the Churchill infantry tank as the basis but cruiser tank based ARVs were also produced . When the UK received supplies of US medium tanks - first the M3 , then M4 Sherman , conversions were made of these to operate alongside and so simplify support .
Harry Richard Landis Harry Richard Landis ( 12 December 1899 – 4 February 2008 ) was , at age 108 , the older of the last two American First World War veterans . The final one was Frank Buckles , who died in 2011 . John Babcock , a naturalized American , served in the Canadian Army during the war , and also survived Landis . Biography . Landis was born to Jason and Alice Landis in Miller Township , Marion County , Missouri , between Hannibal and Palmyra , where he grew up on the family farm . He was the seventh of eight children . Landis joined the United States Army in October 1918 , and joined the Student Army Training Corps while attending Central Methodist University in Missouri . He did not complete basic training due to the war ending less than a month later . His experience of mopping the floor at an army hospital included exposure to the Spanish flu , which was actually the leading cause of death worldwide in the year 1918 , killing about 75 million people . Landis was discharged in December 1918 , one month after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles . Attempting to try to enlist in World War II after the Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 , he was rejected as " too old " . Landis retired in 1959 . He and his wife Eleanor , both died at Sun City Center in 2008 . Harry died on 4 February , and Eleanor on 8 December aged 101 .
SS Scotia ( 1847 ) PS " Scotia " was a paddle steamer passenger vessel operated by the Chester and Holyhead Railway from 1847 to 1858 , and the London and North Western Railway from 1859 to 1861 . History . She was built in Blackwall Yard , London by Money and Wigrams in 1847 for the Chester & Holyhead Railway Company for a passenger service between Holyhead and Kingstown ( Dun Laoghaire ) and Howth . From 1858 to 1859 she was loaned to the Scilly Isles Steam Navigation Company until their new ship the SS Little Western was ready . She was transferred in 1859 to the London & North Western Railway Company . At Liverpool in December 1861 , she was sold as a Blockade runner and she made four runs and on the fifth attempting to reach Charleston she was captured by the Federals on 24 October 1862 at Bull ' s Bay , South Carolina . By 23 January 1863 , she had been sold and was registered at New York as the PS " General Banks " . By then end of 1863 she had again been sold a number of times and ended up registered at Nassau as the PS " Fanny and Jenny " . She made two more runs against the Blockade but was driven ashore by the USS Florida on Wrightsville Beach , Masonboro Inlet , North Carolina on 10 February 1864 .
USS Connecticut ( 1799 ) The " Connecticut " was a sailing frigate built by Seth Overton at Chatham , Conn . and launched 6 June 1799 at Middletown , Conn . She sailed 15 Oct . 1799 under the command of Captain M . Tryon for the Guadaloupe Station , and cruised in the West Indies for a year during the Quasi - War with France , protecting American commerce from French privateers . Connecticut ' s successful career was highlighted by the capture of four privateers and the recapture of seven American merchantmen . Arriving at New London , Conn . , 18 Oct . 1800 , " Connecticut " was sold at New York in 1801 . The mensurations are designed by the plan of the Departement of the Navy .
S - 13 rocket The S - 13 is a 122 mm calibre unguided rocket weapon developed by the Soviet Air Force for use by military aircraft . It remains in service with the Russia n Air Force and some other countries . The S - 13 rocket was developed in the 1970s to meet requirements for a penetrating weapon capable of cratering runways and penetrating hardened aircraft shelters , bunkers and pillbox es , to fill a gap between 80 mm and 240 mm rockets and fulfill a role similar to the 127 mm Zuni rocket . The S - 13 is conventional in layout , with a solid rocket motor and folding tail fins that provide stability after launch . The first trials were in 1973 , but it was introduced only in 1983 . S - 13 rockets are shot from 5 - tube launchers B - 13L , that can be carried by most of Soviet and Russian attack and new fighter aircraft , like Su - 17 / 20 / 22 , Su - 24 , Su - 25 , Su - 27 , MiG - 23 BN , MiG - 27 , MiG - 29 . B - 13L1 launcher is used by helicopters , like Mil Mi - 24 , Mil Mi - 28 , Ka - 29TB , Ka - 50 , Ka - 52 .
Thomas James Harris Thomas James Harris VC MM ( 30 January 1892 – 9 August 1918 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Son of William John and Sarah Ann Harris of Rochester He was 26 years old , and a serjeant in the 6th Battalion , The Queen ' s Own Royal West Kent Regiment , British Army during the First World War . On 9 August 1918 at Morlancourt , France , he performed the deeds for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Queen ' s Own Royal West Kent Regiment Museum , Maidstone , Kent .
John Hessing John Hessing ( c . 1740 – July 21 , 1803 ) was a military officer who served in the armies of the Maratha Confederacy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries . He commanded 3000 Maratha regular troops in the Battle of Kardla , where the Maratha armies defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad on March 12 , 1795 . In June 1801 Hessing commanded four battalions outside Ujjain , which were attacked and defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar , the Maratha ruler of Indore . Hessing fought with the Maratha armies against the British in the Second Anglo - Maratha War . He died in Agra on 21 July 1803 while in command of the Maratha forces there . Hessing ' s tomb is located in the Padretola , or Padresanto , a Christian cemetery in Agra : Red Taj : Tomb of Col John Hessing The Tomb was built by John Hessing ' s wife , Alice . This mausoleum does not compare with the real Taj Mahal in beauty and size but consider the emotion of Alice she was not an Empress . She had very little money , around one lac Rupees at that time , out of which she managed to build this structure . She could not afford four Minarets in four corners . One can see the base for Minarets which could not be erected because money was used up . I salute the feelings of that great lady . Picture of the Tomb is also added on wikimedia - Red Taj Tomb of John Hessing
Confederate Monument in Glasgow The Confederate Monument in Glasgow , Kentucky , built in 1905 by the Kentucky Women ' s Monumental Association and former Confederate soldier John A . Murray , commemorates those who gave their lives in service for the Confederate States of America . It is located on the side of Glasgow ' s courthouse . The Confederate soldier , made of bronze , is at parade rest , and features details such as a bedroll , canteen , kepi hat , and rifle . It stands on a limestone pedestal . Glasgow saw much action in 1862 . John Hunt Morgan twice raided through the city . The most notable was Christmas Eve , when some of Morgan ' s men under Captain Thomas Quirk sought to celebrate the holiday at a tavern in Glasgow , which the Union 2nd Michigan Cavalry also did , leading to a skirmish . Two Union and Three Confederate soldiers were killed , and the Union cavalry retreated to Cave City , leaving Glasgow in Morgan ' s hands . Braxton Bragg went through the town on his way to capturing Kentucky ' s capital of Frankfort and the Battle of Perryville . The President of the Confederacy , Jefferson Davis , gave a Medal of Honor to one enlisted man in every company that gave the Confederacy a " signal victory " . With seven such men , Barren County , whose county seat is Glasgow , had more such medalists than any other county in the Commonwealth of Kentucky . Four of these came from the Battle of Stone ' s River , and three were from the Battle of Chickamauga ; both battles were fought in Tennessee , not Kentucky . It was remembering this valor of his fellow Confederate soldiers who hailed from Barren County that Nelson County native John A . Murray had the Confederate Monument in Glasgow built , with the help of a ladies association . On July 17 , 1997 , it was one of sixty different monuments to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places , as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission . Twenty three of these monuments , including Glasgow ' s , had cast soldiers as part of the memorial , and Glasgow ' s is one of ten such soldier monuments in Kentucky that is on a courthouse lawn .
Pistoleer A pistoleer is a soldier trained to use a pistol , or more generally anyone armed with such a weapon . The earliest kind of pistoleer was the mounted German Reiter , who came to prominence in Europe after the Battle of St . Quentin in 1557 . These soldiers were equipped with a number of single - shot , muzzle - loader wheel - lock or Snaphance pistols , amongst the most advanced weapons of the era . Although mounted Pistoleers were effective against heavy cavalry , they gradually fell out of use during the Thirty Years War . After this time , cavalry in Western armies used swords or lances as their primary arm , although they still generally carried a pistol as a sidearm . Horse - mounted pistoleers of a kind made a brief comeback in North America during the American Civil War ( particularly by the Confederates ) as well as in the conflicts against the Native Americans of the 1860s and 70s . This was a consequence of the adoption of the multi - shot revolver , which gave horsemen much more firepower .
Supermarine Nanok The Supermarine Nanok was a British three - engined biplane flying boat built by Supermarine . Built to meet a Royal Danish Navy requirement , the single prototype was rebuilt as a private air yacht and renamed the Supermarine Solent . Development and design . The Nanok ( Inuit language : " Polar bear " ) was a three - engined development of Supermarine ' s successful Southampton flying boat , designed to meet a Danish requirement for a torpedo carrying flying boat . A prototype was ordered on 17 June 1926 , and the aircraft first flew on 21 June 1927 . Testing was disappointing , and despite modifications the aircraft could not meet the specified performance and was rejected by the Danes . The aircraft was therefore converted to a luxury 12 - seat civil transport for the use of the Irish brewing magnate , Arthur Ernest Guinness , being renamed the Supermarine Solent . Operational history . The Solent was certified as airworthy on 5 September 1928 , and was used to fly frequently between England and the owner ' s home near Lough Corrib in County Galway , Ireland . It remained in use until it was scrapped in 1934 .