naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Karbala ( 2003 ) The Battle of Karbala took place during the 2003 invasion of Iraq as American troops fought to clear the city of Iraqi forces . The city had been bypassed during the advance on Baghdad , leaving American units to clear it in two days of street fighting against Iraqi irregular forces . Bypassing the city . Lead elements of the U . S . 3rd Infantry Division had reached the Karbala area on March 31 . After fighting through Republican Guard forces southeast of the city , these forces bypassed the city and attacked through the Karbala Gap towards Baghdad . The task of clearing the city was left to the 101st Airborne Division , supported by the 2nd Battalion , 70th Armored Regiment with Charlie Company , 1st Battalion , 41st Infantry Regiment , 1st Armored Division . On April 2 , a U . S . Army UH - 60 Blackhawk helicopter was shot down by small arms fire near Karbala , killing 7 soldiers . Four other soldiers onboard were wounded . Capturing Karbala . The 101st planned to use helicopter - borne forces to seize three landing zones on the outskirts of the city ( codenamed Sparrow , Finch and Robin ) and then use an armored force of M1 Abrams tanks and M2 Bradley fighting vehicles to link up with these forces . At 11 : 00 a . m . on April 5 , the 101st Airborne began its push to clear Karbala when airstrikes hit several targets around the city . This was followed by a helicopter assault in which 23 UH - 60 Blackhawk and 5 CH - 47 Chinook helicopters ferried three battalions of infantry from the 502nd Infantry Regiment to their designated landing zones . 3rd Battalion , 502nd Infantry at LZ Sparrow met heavy but disorganized resistance as they moved into the city . To the south , 2 / 502 at LZ Robin was also moving street by street , and discovered several arms caches hidden in schools . They also discovered a suspected terrorist training camp . By nightfall , 2 / 502 had cleared 13 of their 30 assigned sectors . 1 / 502 , advancing from LZ Finch in the southeast , captured several weapons caches . Air support from helicopter gunships was used heavily during this operation , and artillery support was also used . Over 100 smoke shells were fired from supporting artillery to screen infantry moving through Karbala ' s streets . At the same time , 2 / 70 Armored Regiment and C Co 1 / 41 IN ( Mechanized ) had reached Karbala and were engaged in combat , losing 1 man killed from small arms fire and a Bradley to an RPG hit . The next day , the units continued to clear their sectors . Resistance evaporated by 5 : 00 PM on April 6 . At 5 : 30 , a large statue of Saddam Hussein was torn down by members of the 2 / 70 , 1st Armored Division . For their actions in Karbala , 3rd Battalion was awarded the Valorous Unit Award .
HMS Kale ( 1904 ) HMS " Kale " was a Hawthorn Leslie type River Class Destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1903 – 1904 Naval Estimates . Named after the River Kale a Scotland - England border river , she was the first ship to carry this name in the Royal Navy Construction . She was laid down on 16 February 1904 at the Hawthorn Leslie shipyard at Hebburn - on - Tyne and launched on 8 November 1904 . She was completed in August 1905 . Her original armament was to be the same as the Turleback torpedo boat destroyers that preceded her . In 1906 the Admiralty decided to upgrade the armament by landing the five 6 - pounder naval guns and shipping three 12 - pounder 8 hundredweight ( cwt ) guns . Two would be mounted abeam at the foc ' x ' le break and the third gun would be mounted on the quarterdeck . Pre - War . After commissioning she was assigned to the East Coast Destroyer Flotilla of the 1st Fleet and based at Harwich . On 27 April 1908 the Eastern Flotilla departed Harwich for live fire and night manoeuvres . During these exercises HMS " Attentive rammed and sank HMS " Gala then damaged HMS " Ribble " . In April 1909 she was assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla on its formation at Harwich . She remained until displaced by a Basilisk Class destroyer by May 1912 . She was assigned to the 5th Destroyer Flotilla of the 2nd Fleet with a nucleus crew . On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter ' A ' . The ships of the River Class were assigned to the E Class . After 30 September 1913 , she was known as an E Class destroyer and had the letter ‘ E ’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel . World War I . In early 1914 when displaced by G Class destroyers she joined the 9th Destroyer Flotilla based at Chatham tendered to HMS " St George " . The 9th Flotilla was a Patrol Flotilla tasked with anti - submarine and couner mining patrols in the Firth of Forth area . In August 1915 with the amalgamation of the 9th and 7th Flotillas she was deployed to the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based at the River Humber . She remained employed on the Humber Patrol participating in counter mining operations and anti - submarine patrols for the remainder of the war . Loss . On 27 March 1918 HMS Kale was lost after striking a contact mine in the North Sea with the loss of 41 officers and men . She was not awarded a Battle Honour for her service . It seems to be a clear case of hitting a British mine . David Hepper in his " British Warship Losses " records : " The court martial enquiry was very critical of Commander Dennison [ in command ] . He had steered a course which was six miles east of the swept channel [ i . e . swept for mines ] and straight into a prohibited area which contained a defensive British minefield ; details of the restricted zone had been promulgated several weeks earlier , but he had failed to read them or to see that the information provided was marked on the charts . " If you are going to Kew he quotes ADM 156 / 40 .
Francis Austen Sir Francis William Austen , GCB ( 23 April 1774 – 10 August 1865 ) was a British officer who spent most of his long life on active duty in the Royal Navy , rising to the position of Admiral of the Fleet . Background . Born at Steventon , Hampshire , he was the son of George Austen and his wife , the daughter of Thomas Leigh . Austen was brother to novelist Jane Austen , and likely the model for the character William Price in the novel " Mansfield Park " . His younger brother , Charles Austen , also had a naval career , reaching the rank of rear - admiral . Career . He entered the Royal Naval Academy in 1786 at the age of 12 and graduated in 1788 . Austen then joined HMS " Perseverance " , who was sailing for the East Indies under Captain Isaac Smith . He was promoted to midshipman in December 1789 . He joined the 64 - gun third - rate " Crown " and then the 38 - gun " Minerva " in November 1791 . He was promoted to lieutenant in December 1792 , while still in the East Indies . He returned to England at the end of 1793 . In March 1794 he joined " Lark " , a brig that was part of a fleet that evacuated British troops from Ostend and Nieuwpoort after the French captured the Netherlands . In 1795 , " Lark " was part of a squadron that escorted Princess Caroline of Brunswick to England . On the outbreak of Napoleonic Wars he was appointed to raise and organise a corps of Sea Fencibles to defend a strip of the Kentish coast . He subsequently married a local Ramsgate girl , Mary Gibson . In spring 1804 he was appointed to " Leopard " , a 50 - gun Fourth Rate . In October 1805 , as Captain of , a French ship of the line captured in the Battle of the Nile ( as the " Franklin " ) , Austen was temporarily detached from Admiral Nelson ' s fleet for convoy duty in the Mediterranean and missed the Battle of Trafalgar . However , Austen did command the " Canopus " the following year in the Battle of San Domingo , leading the lee line of ships into the battle . On 13 July 1808 , the Honourable East India Company gave Austen £420 with which to buy a piece of plate . This was a substantial gift ( perhaps the equivalent of a year ' s salary ) in thanks for his having safely convoyed to Britain from Saint Helena seven of their Indiamen , plus one extra ( voyage chartered ) ship . Austen served throughout the whole Napoleonic Wars until 1814 . Austen was transferred to the North America and West Indies Station in 1844 and was promoted an Admiral of the Red in 1855 . Austen ' s rapid early promotions were largely due to the patronage of the powerful Warren Hastings , who was a friend of the Austen family and was alleged to be the natural father of Frank ' s cousin ( and later sister - in - law ) , Eliza de Feuillide . Family . In 1806 , he married the eldest daughter of John Gibson . She died in 1823 . Austen is buried in a tomb at Wymering Parish Church , Wymering , Portsmouth . It lies to the west of the church as viewed from the porch . The inscriptions are still legible .
Lovat Castle Lovat Castle is a ruined castle in northern Scotland , near Beauly , Highland . The castle once stood on the right bank of the River Beauly . Originally known as " Beauly Castle " , it was built by the Bissets in the 11th - 12th century . The castle came into the Fraser ' s hands via the marriage of Simon Fraser to a Bissett heiress in the 13th century and was dismantled for building materials in 1671 .
38th Indian Infantry Brigade The 38th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . The brigade was formed in October 1941 , at Moascar in Egypt . The brigade only ever came under command of HQ British Troops Egypt and HQ Eighth Army and was disbanded in May 1942 , at Tahag in Egypt .
Ten Tigers of Canton The Ten Tigers of Canton or Ten Tigers of Guangdong ( ) refer to a group of ten Chinese martial artists from Guangdong ( Canton ) , China , who lived during the late Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1912 ) . They were said to be the best fighters in southern China at that time . Much of their existence has been embellished by folk legends and stories passed down from generation to generation . Ten Tigers ' martial arts . The Ten Tigers of Canton traced their martial arts lineage to the Southern Shaolin Monastery in the Jiulian Mountains in Fujian province . Southern Shaolin is a branch of the better known Shaolin Monastery in Henan province . As such , the Ten Tigers ' martial arts styles resemble those of Shaolin Kung Fu . The Ten Tigers are : Wong Fei - hung and Ten Tigers . Wong Fei - hung ( ) , son of Wong Kei - ying , is also sometimes called the " Tiger after the Ten Tigers " . In Chinese folk legend , Wong Fei - hung is best remembered for his heroic efforts in upholding the Chinese people ' s pride and dignity during a period when national morale was low , in the face of strong competition and oppression from foreigners . Cultural references . Film . The Ten Tigers appeared in the 1980 Hong Kong film " Ten Tigers from Kwangtung " produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio . It featured a star - studded cast of Shaw Studio actors , including the Venom Mob , Ti Lung and Alexander Fu . Apart from appearances in Chinese films , the Ten Tigers were also featured in the 2004 film " Around the World in 80 Days " , with Sammo Hung making a special appearance as Wong Fei - hung . Wong and the Ten Tigers assisted the protagonists in fighting the aggressive Black Scorpion gang . The Ten Tigers were also featured in the 2006 underground cult film " Mad Cowgirl " . Television . In 1999 , Hong Kong ' s ATV produced a 40 - episodes TV drama series titled " Ten Tigers of Guangdong " ( 英雄之廣東十虎 ) . Literature . In " The Eleventh Tiger " , a BBC Books original novel by David A . McIntee , the Ten Tigers are featured , with Wong Kei - ying and Wong Fei - hung as major characters in the story .
Treaty of London ( 1359 ) The Treaty of London ( also known as the Second Treaty of London ) was proposed by England , accepted by France , and signed in 1359 . After Edward of Woodstock soundly defeated the French at Poitiers ( during the Hundred Years ' War ) , where they captured Jean II of France , the French were forced to accept the terms of the English . Based on the terms of the accord , England was permitted to annex much of western France . However , it was later repudiated on 25 May by the French Estates - General , which felt that too much territory was being relinquished . This resulted in the English invasion of Calais , France on 28 October 1359 . Eventually , the English were forced to accept the revised terms of the French and ultimately received Aquitaine .
Julian Cook Julian Aaron Cook ( October 7 , 1916 - June 19 , 1990 ) was an officer in the United States army who gained fame for his crossing of the Waal river during Operation Market Garden . Biography . Cook was born at Mount Holly , VT on October 7 , 1916 . He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point , and graduated as an officer in 1940 . He volunteered for the 82nd Airborne Division in 1942 , joining the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment ( PIR ) . Cook made combat jumps into Sicily , Salerno , and Anzio before beginning command of the 3rd Battalion , 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment just prior to Operation Market Garden . The 504th PIR did not participate in the Normandy invasion . On September 17 , 1944 , Major Cook jumped into Holland near the Maas - Waal Canal . After assisting in securing the canal crossing , his unit marched to Nijmegen . General Gavin had ordered a crossing of the Waal River during daylight hours so the Americans could outflank the German defenders , who were dug in around the city ’ s crucial bridges . Cook was put in charge of the crossing , was in the first wave across the river . As Cook ’ s first wave began their crossing , the allied bombardment began . The wind blew away the smokescreen , leaving the men in the water open and visible to the German guns . As a devout Catholic , Cook loudly recited " Hail Mary " during the crossing , spurring his men on under the withering fire . He took charge of the boats , redirecting those who were disoriented and pushing the men along . Once ashore , the Parachute Infantry Regiment cleared the river bank and assaulted the highway bridge . The 3rd Battalion , 504th PIR finally captured the bridge at 1900 hours . Cook was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . After Market Garden , Cook was promoted to lieutenant - colonel . Cook lead his battalion during the Ardennes Offensive in fights around Trois - Ponts , Cheneux and Herresbach , and later on in the drive through Germany . At the end of the war he was promoted to colonel . In 1953 Cook became American liaison officer to the French forces in French Indochina . There he became ill and spent eight months in hospitals . He died at Columbia , SC on June 19 , 1990 . Robert Redford portrayed Cook in the movie " A Bridge Too Far . " Honours and awards . On October 8 , 1945 by Royal Decree , Cook was knighted by Queen Wilhelmina , with the rank of Knight 4th class of the Military William Order . The Order is the highest and oldest honour of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , which is bestowed for " performing excellent acts of Bravery , Leadership and Loyalty in battle " . It is an extremely prestigious award , comparable to the French Légion d ’ honneur or the American Medal of Honor , but far less frequently awarded .
Roland Guy General Sir Roland Kelvin Guy GCB CBE DSO ( 25 June 1928 – 13 December 2005 ) was a senior British Army officer who was Adjutant - General to the Forces . Military career . Born in Srinagar , Kashmir and educated at Wellington College and at the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst , Roland Guy was commissioned into the Kings Royal Rifle Corps ( the 60th ) in 1948 . He served as an adjutant with the Kenya Regiment during the Mau Mau Uprising . He was adjutant of the 2nd Green Jackets ( KRRC ) during the confrontation with Indonesia . He became Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion The Royal Green Jackets in 1969 . He was awarded the DSO for service in Northern Ireland in 1972 . In 1972 he became Commander of 24 Airportable Brigade . He was Chief of Staff , HQ BAOR from 1978 to 1980 when he became Military Secretary . He was Adjutant - General to the Forces from 1984 to 1986 . He was also appointed ADC General to the Queen in 1984 . He was awarded the MBE in 1955 , the CBE in 1978 , the KCB in 1981 and the GCB in 1987 . Retirement . He was a Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1987 to 1993 and Chairman of the Army Benevolent Fund also from 1987 to 1993 . Family . In 1957 he married Deirdre Graves - Morris and together they went on to have two daughters . References .
USNS Wheeling ( T - AGM - 8 ) USNS " Wheeling " ( T - AGM - 8 ) was a " Wheeling " - class missile range instrumentation ship acquired by the U . S . Navy in 1962 and converted from her Victory ship cargo configuration to a missile tracking ship , a role she retained for a number of years before being sunk as a target by Harpoon missile s on 12 July 1981 . Victory ship built in Oregon . The second ship to be so named by the Navy , " Wheeling " was laid down on 10 April 1945 as " Seton Hall Victory " by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation under a U . S . Maritime Commission contract ( MCV hull 686 ) ; launched on 22 May 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . Ross Mclntyre ; and delivered to the Maritime Commission on 21 June 1945 . World War II - related service . From July 1945 to September 1957 , " Seton Hall Victory " was operated for the U . S . Maritime Commission by a succession of civilian contractors , beginning with the Olympic Steamship Line and ending with Pope & Talbot , Inc . In September 1957 , she was placed out of service and was berthed in Virginia ' s James River with the National Defense Reserve Fleet . Conversion to missile tracker . Late in 1962 , she was turned over to the Navy Department for conversion to a missile range instrumentation ship . On 19 March 1963 , she was renamed " Wheeling " and designated " AGM - 8 " . On 28 May 1964 , " Wheeling " was assigned to the Military Sea Transportation Service to be operated by a civil service crew in support of operations on the Navy ' s Pacific Missile Range . " Wheeling " spent her missile tracking years as a mobile tracking station , recording data on missiles and satellites that were out of range of land - based stations . For a number of years she remained on active service on the Pacific coast . Inactivation and sinking . " Wheeling " remained in service until ( date unknown ) and was struck from the Navy List on 31 October 1990 . However , during a Naval exercise on 12 July 1981 she was assigned as target ship for Harpoon missile testing . She was struck by three Harpoons , two of which were launched by ship , one by submarine and one by air . Details of how and when the ship sank , or was otherwise disposed of , are lacking .
HMS Wizard ( 1895 ) HMS " Wizard " was a built by the White shipyard for the Royal Navy , and launched on 26 February 1895 . In 1910 , she was reconstructed with only two funnels . She is believed to be the only destroyer fitted with in turning screws . She was sold in 1920 .
David Rushe David Rushe VC ( 28 April 1827 – 6 November 1886 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Rushe was 30 years old , and a troop sergeant - major in the 9th Lancers ( The Queen ' s Royal ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : Rushe received his Victoria Cross from Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle on 4 January 1860 . This joined his medals for the 1st and 2nd Sikh War s and the Indian Mutiny . He also received the Good Conduct Medal and the Long Service Medal . Further information . He later achieved the rank of regimental sergeant - major . Rushe died on the 6 November 1886 at Great Marlow and was buried without a stone at All Saints Church . His widow sold the medal , but his descendants re - purchased the medal in 1959 and later lent in to be displayed at his regimental museum within Derby Museum .
National Pigeon Service The National Pigeon Service ( NPS ) was a volunteer civilian organisation formed in Britain in 1938 as result of representations made to the Committee of Imperial Defence and the British Government by Major W . H . Osman . During 1939 - 45 over 200 , 000 young pigeons were given to the services by the British pigeon breeders of the NPS . The birds were used by the Royal Air Force and the Army and Intelligence Services , Special Section of the Army Pigeon Service ( which was formed in World War I by Lt . Col . A . H . Osman ) . During three and a half years of World War II , 16 , 554 war pigeon s were parachuted onto the continent . One of these was Commando a red chequer cock bird that became a recipient of the Dickin Medal . Canister color code . Pigeons were used by a variety of services and the canisters affixed to their legs were colour - coded to distinguish recipients . Pigeon NURP 40 TW 194 . In 2012 , the skeleton of a carrier pigeon was found inside a home chimney in Bletchingley , Surrey , in the southeast United Kingdom . Inside a red canister attached to one of its legs was and an encrypted message handwritten on a Pigeon Service form . The message was addressed to " XO2 , " which is thought to be RAF Bomber Command , and is signed " W Stot Sjt . " It is believed to have been sent from France on June 6 , 1944 during the World War II D - day invasion . The message consists of 27 five - letter groups , with the first and last group identical . As of December , 2012 , the message had not been deciphered . Britain ' s GCHQ , the successor to Bletchley Park has asked for any information the public might have about the message . The cipher text reads : The form indicates that two copies of the message were sent . Additional notations , in a color different from the code groups and signature , are " NURP 40 TW 194 " and " NURP 37 OK 76 . " These identify the specific birds used . NURP stands for " National Union of Racing Pigeons . " The pigeon whose remains were found is apparently 40 TW 194 . Wide press coverage was given to a solution proposed Gord Young of Canada based on a World War I coding book . It explains 7 of the 26 unique code groups as ad hoc acronyms , such as " FNFJW - Final Note [ confirming ] Found Jerry ' s Whereabouts . " The Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) has stated " without access to the original code books , details of any additional encryption , or any context around the message , it will be impossible to decode . Similarly it means that any proposed solutions sent to GCHQ will , without such material , be impossible to prove correct . "
North Sea Fleet The North Sea Fleet ( NSF ) is one of three fleets of the People ' s Liberation Army Navy . It includes nuclear - powered submarines : five " Han " class attack submarine s and China ' s single " Xia " class submarine ballistic missile submarine , all based at Qingdao . The NSF has historically received primacy during the allocation of the destroyers and frigates , as its role was to be coastal defence of north east China ( including Beijing ) against any amphibious attacks by Russia . However , unlike the East and South Sea Fleet s , it has never been involved in combat . Major Naval Bases in the Fleet . The fleet headquarters is located at Qingdao , with other major naval bases at : Ships in the fleet . The flagship of the fleet is the " Harbin " , a " Luhu " class destroyer . Destroyer s Frigate s Nuclear submarine s Diesel - electric submarines See also . These three ships belong to China East Sea Fleet 3 Jianghu II - Class : Dandong ( 543 ) Siping ( 544 ) Linfen ( 545 )
Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial The Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial is located at 62 Battleship Place , Camden , New Jersey , United States . This museum ship preserves and displays the , the most decorated battleship to have served in the U . S . Navy and one of the largest ever built .