naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Ballynahinch The Battle of Ballynahinch was fought outside Ballynahinch , County Down , on 12 June , during the Irish rebellion of 1798 between British forces led by Major - General George Nugent and the local United Irishmen led by Henry Munro ( 1758 – 98 ) . Background . Munro was a Lisburn linen merchant and Presbyterian United Irishman who had no military experience but had taken over command of the Down organisation following the arrest of the designated leader , Rev . Willam Steel Dickson on June 5 . Upon hearing of the victory at Saintfield on June 9 , Munro joined the rebel camp there and then moved to Ednavady Hill , Ballynahinch to join the thousands who had gathered in support of the rebellion . The response of the British garrisons was to converge on Ballynahinch from Belfast and Downpatrick in two columns accompanied by several pieces of cannon . The battle began on the night of 12 June when two hills to the left and right of Ballynahinch were occupied by the British who pounded the town with their cannon . During a pause when night fell , some rebel officers were said to have pressed Munro for a night attack but he refused on the grounds that it was unchivalrous . As a consequence many disillusioned rebels slipped away during the night . As dawn broke the battle recommenced with the rebels attacked from two sides and although achieving some initial success , confusion in the rebel army saw the United Irishmen retreat in chaos , pursued by regrouping British forces who quickly took advantage by turning retreat into massacre . Initial reports claimed four hundred rebels were killed , while British losses were around forty . Aftermath . Munro escaped the field of battle but was betrayed by a farmer who he had paid to conceal him and was hanged in front of his own house in Lisburn on 16 June . Ballynahinch was sacked by the victorious military after the battle with sixty - three houses being burned down . Cavalry scoured the surrounding countryside for rebels , raiding homes and killing indiscriminately , the 22nd Dragoons being guilty of some of the worst atrocities . The most famous victim was Betsy Gray , a young female rebel who , with her two brothers , was slaughtered in the post - battle massacre , ensuring her place in legend to this day . Because of his family ' s involvement in this event , Robert Stewart , the future Lord Castlereagh , was made chief secreaty of Ireland .
Gaius Calpurnius Piso ( praetor 211 BC ) Gaius Calpurnius Piso was a Roman praetor and promagistrate . Biography . He was taken prisoner at Battle of Cannae and , with two others , was sent to Rome to negotiate the release of his fellow prisoners . However , the Senate refused to entertain the proposition . In 211 BC , he was made urban praetor and at the expiration of his year of office he made promagistrate of Etruria . In 209 BC , he was commanded by dictator Quintus Fulvius Flaccus to the command of an army at Capua . The following year he was once again entrusted as promagistrate of Etruria . While promagistrate he proposed to the Senate that the Apollinarian games be repeated on an annual basis .
Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan Ubayd Allah ( ) , known as Abu Marwan ( ) , was a general in the service of Emir Abd ar - Rahman II of Córdoba . He was an uncle of the Emir Al - Hakam I . In 826 , Aissó revolted and requested help from Abd ar - Rahman , who sent the general Abu Marwan . The army arrived in Zaragoza in May 827 . From there Aby Marwan ' s forces passed into territory of the county of Barcelona , reaching Barcelona in the summer . It besieged Barcelona without success , ransacking the city ' s environs . Abu Marwan then moved on to Girona , which he occupied on October 10 , 827 . The Emperor Louis the Pious , knowing of the Muslim raid , ordered his son Pepin I of Aquitaine and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruit an army , but the recruitment was slow and by the time it was formed , Abu Marwan and his army had returned to Muslim territory . The rebels abandoned the country with them ( 827 ) .
Dumb insolence Dumb insolence is an offence against military discipline in which a subordinate displays an attitude of defiance towards a superior without open disagreement . It is also found in settings such as education in which obedience and deference to a teacher is expected but may be refused by unruly pupils . For example , a pupil may suck their teeth , sigh or walk away while being spoken to .
TAB ( armoured personnel carrier ) TAB ( Romanian : Transportor Amfibiu Blindat , translated " Amphibious Armoured Personnel Carrier " ) is the Romanian military designation of armoured personnel carrier s . The TAB APCs were based on the Russia n BTR series until the early 1990s , with several improvements , including better , diesel engines . After 1990 , new TAB designs have been developed , such as the RN - 94 or the Saur series , however , none of these designs entered mass production .
Battle of Castellón The Battle of Castellón was an ambush delivered against a French Imperial detachment under General Reille near Girona . Having crept his force up along the right bank of the Fluvià and set up headquarters at La Armentera , a village near the river ' s mouth on the Mediterranean Sea , General Lazán prepared a coup de main against the French battalion installed atop Castelló d ' Empúries . Since bad roads precluded a night attack , Lazán moved in the early morning , brusquely forcing the French off the ridge . While Reille ' s troops effected a disciplined fighting withdrawal toward Rosas , the " Chasseurs de Clarós " , acting as the vanguard for General Castro ' s division , circled across their path of retreat and set up a position in a grove next to the main road , preparing to block the French passage . Caught in the pincers , the French were cut down . Only 80 escaped unwounded and 90 surrendered . Sequel . When Reille , established at Figueras , learned of the rout of his men , he set out against the Spaniards the next day with 3 , 000 infantry and cavalry , aiming to cut their communications with Gerona . In spite of the rapid French movements , Reille was unable to achieve a surprise , and Lazán awaited him with his men solidly entrenched at Castellón . Seeing his attacks repulsed everywhere along the line , Reille decided not to try conclusions with the Spaniards , and Lazán fell back on Gerona unmolested .
308th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) 308th Infantry Brigade ( 308 Bde ) was a formation of the British Army organised from surplus Royal Artillery ( RA ) personnel retrained as infantry towards the end of World War II . Origin . By the end of 1944 , 21st Army Group was suffering a severe manpower shortage , particularly among the infantry . At the same time the German " Luftwaffe " was suffering from such shortages of pilots , aircraft and fuel that serious aerial attacks on the United Kingdom could be discounted . In January 1945 the War Office began to reorganise surplus anti - aircraft and coastal artillery regiments in the UK into infantry battalions , primarily for line of communication and occupation duties in North West Europe , thereby releasing trained infantry for frontline service . 308th was the last of seven brigades formed from these new units . Composition . 308th Infantry Brigade was formed on 22 January 1945 by conversion of Headquarters 61st Anti - Aircraft Brigade within 4 Anti - Aircraft Group . It was commanded by Brigadier R . R . B . Hilton and comprised the following Territorial Army RA units : Service . After infantry training , including a short period attached to 38th ( Welsh ) Infantry Division , 307 Bde came under the orders of 21st Army Group on 27 April 1945 and landed on the Continent two days later . It came under the control of Maasforce ( 4 – 22 May ) and then I Canadian Corps .
HMS Duke ( 1682 ) HMS " Duke " was a 90 - gun second - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched in 1682 at Woolwich Dockyard . She underwent a rebuild in 1701 as another 90 - gun second rate , and was renamed HMS " Prince George " ( after the future George II ) . After her rebuild , she served in the War of the Spanish Succession , fighting in the Battle of Málaga and the capture of Gibraltar . On 4 November 1719 " Prince George " was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Deptford , from where she was relaunched on 4 September 1723 as a 90 - gun second - rate built to the 1719 Establishment . She served until 13 April 1758 , when she was accidentally destroyed by fire whilst at sea in the Bay of Biscay .
USS Felicia ( PYc - 35 ) USS " Felicia " ( PYc - 35 ) was a yacht acquired by the United States Navy during World War II . " Felicia " was outfitted as a patrol craft by the Navy , and was assigned to patrol the New England waters . She was based out of Newport , Rhode Island until 16 December 1943 when she was based out of Boston , Massachusetts , as a training ship for naval cadets at Harvard University . Post - war she was decommissioned and transferred to the Maritime Commission . Built by Bath Iron Works in Maine . The second ship to be so named by the U . S . Navy , " Felicia " ( PYC - 35 ) was built in 1931 by Bath Iron Works , Bath , Maine ; purchased by the Navy on 8 April 1942 ; and commissioned on 27 June 1942 , Lieutenant F , G . Crane , USNR , in command . World War II service . Patrol Craft operations . " Felicia " was assigned to the 2nd Naval District and was based at Newport , Rhode Island , out of which she sailed on anti - submarine patrols , until 16 December 1943 . Assigned as a training ship . From that time , she operated locally out of Boston , Massachusetts , harbor as a school ship , training student naval officers enrolled at Harvard University . Post - war decommissioning and disposal . She was decommissioned on 10 August 1945 , and transferred to the Maritime Commission on 23 October 1945 .
Shoreham Aircraft Museum The Shoreham Aircraft Museum is located in the village of Shoreham near Sevenoaks in Kent , England , on the south - east edge of Greater London . It was founded by volunteers in 1978 and is dedicated to the airmen who fought in the skies over southern England during the Second World War . The museum houses aviation relics excavated by the Shoreham Aircraft Preservation Society over 30 years . These relics come from crashed RAF and Luftwaffe aircraft and are displayed alongside personal accounts of those involved . A particular focus is the Battle of Britain period . Many aircraft types are represented in the collection , including recovered engine examples from the following : The museum has collections of flying helmets , uniforms , insignia and Home Front memorabilia , along with photos and other items which have been donated by ex - pilots and private individuals . The museum also holds a collection of original paintings and prints by the aviation artist Geoff Nutkins . Other examples of his work can be seen at the RAF College in Cranwell , the Royal Air Force Museum at Hendon and The RAF Club in Piccadilly , London . There is also a tearoom and garden serving cream teas and homemade cakes . The museum is open from 10am to 5pm on Sundays and Bank Holiday Mondays from Easter until the end of October each year . The tearoom and garden only is also open on Saturdays and is free to enter . All current and ex - military service personnel can enter the museum free of charge .
Argeus ( pretender ) Argeus was a Greek general who claimed the right to the Macedonian throne at the time of Philip II of Macedon . Argeus was supported by Athens , which opposed Macedon , and used Athenian money to buy a mercenary army and take the port city of Methone . Argeus was ultimately not successful in opposing Philip , as Macedon was able to unite all of Greece by the time of Phillip II ' s death .
Delgatie Castle Delgatie Castle is a castle near Turriff , in Aberdeenshire , Scotland . A castle has stood on the site of Delgatie Castle since the year 1030 AD , although the earliest parts of the castle standing today were built between 1570 and 1579 . Additional wings and a chapel were added in 1743 . The castle was stripped from the disgraced Henry de Beaumont , Earl of Buchan after the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 and given to Clan Hay ( later to become the Earls of Erroll ) . Mary , Queen of Scots , was a guest at the castle in 1562 after the Battle of Corrichie . Like many castles , Delgatie is rumoured to be haunted . A number of reports of a ghostly red - haired figure , supposedly one Alexander Hay , were made by soldiers posted there during the Second World War . The castle ' s information boards , mostly written by Captain Hay who restored the house in the 1950s , recount that the ghost was first seen when a body was found bricked up in a priest hole . Architecturally , the castle consists of a keep , adjoining house and two later wings . Notable features include a very wide turnpike stair and painted ceilings dating from the 16th century in some rooms . In many places may be seen the Hay family arms including the three cattle yokes which recall a farmer and his two sons who were instrumental in the defeat of a Danish raiding party at Cruden Bay . ( See Clan Hay for more detail . ) Today , the castle and its gardens are owned by the " Delgatie Castle Trust " . The castle , grounds , and café are open to the public throughout the summer months and suites within the castle itself and a number of cottages the estate are available to rent . There is also a popular fishing site on the river passing through .
William Ward Burrows II Lieutenant William Ward Burrows II ( 6 October 1785 – 5 September 1813 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the First Barbary War and the War of 1812 . His father , also named William Ward Burrows , was the second Commandant of the Marine Corps . Burrows was appointed a Midshipman in 1799 . He distinguished himself at Tripoli onboard " Constitution " . Lieutenant Burrows died while in command of the brig " Enterprise " as a result of wounds received during the engagement with the British brig HMS " Boxer " . He was buried in Portland , Maine next to the slain commander of " Boxer " , Samuel Blyth . For his actions , he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal . Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS " Burrows " for him .
USS Ely ( DE - 309 ) The first USS " Ely " ( DE - 309 ) was a United States Navy launched during World War II but never completed . " Ely " was laid down at Mare Island Navy Yard at Vallejo , California , on 2 August 1943 and launched on 10 April 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Ann G . Ely , widow of Lieutenant Arthur V . Ely , the ships namesake . Construction of " Ely " was cancelled on 5 September 1944 . She was stored incomplete in dry dock No . 1 from 25 September 1944 to 3 October 1945 , cut in two in preparation for scrapping . She was scrapped at Mare Island .
Fort Tompkins ( Buffalo , New York ) Fort Tompkins is a former fort in Buffalo , New York , overlooking the Niagara River . Built in August 1812 on top of the bluff at the bend of Niagara Street . Large earthwork mounting seven guns , and was the largest of eight batteries erected that summer . Also called Fort Adams . To the South was Old Sow Battery , and to the North was Gibson ' s Battery . British attacked Black Rock July 1813 and destroyed the Black Rock Blockhouse and spiked or carried off the guns at Fort Tompkins . It later became to the location of street railway barns in 1914 .
Action of 22 August 1866 The Action of 22 August 1866 occurred during the Chincha Islands War near Funchal , on the island of Madeira . The Chilean steamer " Tornado " was captured by the Spanish frigate " Gerona " , on August 22 , 1866 off the island of Madeira . Tornado had arrived in Madeira under the command of Juan MacPherson , an English commander in service of the Chilean Navy . The Chilean ship had sailed to Madeira on 21 August to make provisions of charcoal and food supplements and to recruit sailors for its crew . Although the intent was to remain until August 23 , at 14 : 00 hours on August 22 the watch aboard ship alerted the captain to the presence of an armed vessel , the Spanish frigate Gerona . Captain McPherson decided to leave all his supplies on the dock and sail immediately and the ship got underway 90 minutes after first sighting Gerona . In its haste , Tornado did not receive permission nor inspection from the Portuguese authorities in Madeira and caused the battery of the for to fire two blank charges to induce it to stop , but these were ignored and the Tornado fled . The firing of the guns however alerted the frigate Gerona , which was the armed vessel the Tornado had observed in port . It had been sent from Cádiz under the command of captain Benito Ruiz de la Escalera specifically to capture Tornado and its sister ship Cyclone . Alerted to the presence of Tornado , Gerona gave chase . At 22 : 30 the Spanish frigate fires a blank shot , which was ignored by Tornado . Gerona followed up with three live shots , and Tornado stopped its engines and struck its colors . The crew of the Tornado was taken abord Gerona and Tornado was manned by a prize crew commanded by naval lieutenant Manuel de Bustillo y Pery . Tornado sailed for Cádiz , where it arrived on August 26 , while Gerona returned to Madeira in a fruitless search for Tornado ' s sister ship Cyclone . Aftermath . The captured Tornado was subsequently taken into the Spanish service under the same name .
Armoured bus An armoured bus or armored bus is a type of bus which provides increased protection for passengers , usually against small arms and improvised explosive device s . The bus can be a stock commercial bus with retro - fitted vehicle armour as well as bulletproof glass , or a specially built military armoured vehicle . Lighter armoured buses are also used for prisoner transport . History . During World War I , civilian buses were pressed into service , especially by Great Britain and France , fulfilling several roles : to transport troops , supplies , and livestock , and as ambulances and mobile surgeries . Britain used several hundred Daimler and LGOC B - type buses as troop transports , but they were not armoured . It was found that the windows were frequently broken by troops ' equipment , and the glass was eventually removed . Wooden planks were fixed over the apertures , offering protection from the weather but not from hostile fire . Temsa , a Turkish bus manufacturer , made the world ' s first armoured passenger bus . The bus was displayed at the 9th International Defence Industry Fair ( IDEF ' 09 ) . The bus was tested in Germany with bombs and multiple calibres of ammunition . Armoured buses weigh considerably more than ordinary buses . As a result , they use more fuel , are prone to mechanical breakdowns , have very high maintenance costs and wear out faster . Use of armoured buses . Israel ' s Egged bus company says that all its bus lines in the West Bank use bulletproof buses . Armored buses were considered the safest form of civilian transport on routes to and from the Israeli settlements , although questions have been raised about how effective such buses are . It was estimated the number of fatalities would be lower in the event of attacks on armored vehicles , but this has not always been the case . Manufacturers . Merkavim Ltd . , an Israeli bus manufacturer jointly owned by the Volvo Bus Corporation and Mayer Cars & Trucks Ltd . , has been producing armored buses since 1946 . Its manufacturing facility in the Caesarea industrial park produces a wide range of buses for the local and international markets .
35 ( South Midlands ) Signal Regiment The 35th ( South Midlands ) Signal Regiment was a British Territorial Army regiment of the Royal Corps of Signals . The Regiment consisted of five squadrons : The regiment ' s squadrons were all based in the Midlands of England : The Regimental Headquarters and Support Squadron , in Coventry . 48 Signal Squadron in Birmingham ; 58 Signal Squadron in Newcastle - under - Lyme ; 89 Signal Squadron in Rugby ; and 95 Signal Squadron is based in Shrewsbury . The Regiment was supported by a Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers ( REME ) Light Aid Detachment ( LAD ) . The LAD is responsible for maintaining and repairing the unit ' s vehicles and equipment , including its fleet of Land Rovers and the L85A2 rifle . Many members of the Regiment served alongside their regular counterparts on operations all over the world , including on Operation Herrick in Afghanistan and Operation TELIC in Iraq . The regiment provides support to the Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps , and was part of 12 Signal Group . Disbandment . As a result of the strategic review of reserves it was announced on 28 April 2009 that the regiment was to be disbanded The regiment ' s disbandment parade was held in Birmingham ' s Victoria Square on the morning of 28 September 2009 . 48 ( City of Birmingham ) Signal Squadron continues in service with 37 Signal Regiment at Redditch , part of 2nd ( National Communications ) Signal Brigade
Daniel Maynard Burgess Daniel Maynard Burgess ( December 21 , 1828 – 1911 ) was a surgeon and explorer born in Otsego County , New York . He traveled extensively worldwide , particularly in Central and South America . Burgess also served as a surgeon in the Civil War under General McClellan . He was present at the destruction of the first battleship " Maine " in Havana , Cuba . Burgess died within minutes of giving final instructions on the publication of his memoir , in which he reminisces about numerous acquaintances of note including Presidents Grant , Arthur and Cleveland ; Generals Winfield Scott , Philip Sheridan , and Robert E . Lee ; Daniel Webster , Mark Hanna , Roscoe Conkling , William Tweed , Charles Dana , F . Hopkinson Smith , and King Edward VII of the United Kingdom .
PH 75 PH 75 was a military development program in France aimed at designing a nuclear - powered amphibious assault ship during the 1970s . Design work was never completed by the time the project was cancelled in 1981 . History . The role of providing air support for amphibious operations in the French Navy was left to the aging " Arromanches " , a World War II light carrier . PH 75 was envisioned as the replacement for the " Arromanches " . Nuclear propulsion was selected to allow the vessel to operate with fewer support vessels and at longer ranges . Other roles were added to the program including command , rescue , and anti - submarine warfare . Early plans were for completion of the first unit by 1981 , but this proved unobtainable , and after several delays , the project was finally cancelled . France instead chose to pursue a conventionally powered vessel to fulfill this role , termed a power projection ship , resulting in the development of the " Mistral " class which recently entered service . Meanwhile , France also developed a nuclear - powered aircraft carrier , the " Charles de Gaulle " .
HMS C11 HMS " C11 " was a British C - class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 6 April 1906 and was commissioned on 3 September 1907 . " C11 " was sunk in a collision with the collier " Eddystone " in the North Sea south of Cromer , Norfolk on the 14 July 1909 . There were only three survivors . The wreck was discovered in the late 1990s .