naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Engels Guard Regiment The Friedrich Engels Guards Regiment ( also known as NPA Guard Regiment 1 ) was a special guard unit of the East German National People ' s Army ( NPA ) . The regiment was named after Friedrich Engels , the German socialist that collaborated with Karl Marx in systematizing Marxism . Mission . It served representative purposes and for surveillance of various objects in NPA East Berlin , including the City headquarters , the office of the Ministry of National Defense of the GDR in East Berlin and the terrain of management education , the military intelligence service of the GDR in Berlin - Köpenick . The regiment ' s headquarters was with the patrol commander of the town in Friedrich - Engels - Kaserne at Kupfergraben 1 stationed in Berlin . It had seven companies , most of which were made up of conscripts . Three companies were honor guard companies for the protocol service , the honor guard at the " Memorial to the Victims of Fascism and Militarism " in the Neue Wache and the Great Wachaufzug held weekly on Wednesday at 14 : 30 was the Guards Parade . Four companies were guard companies , one of which consisted of reservists . History . The guard regiment was formed by order No . 99 / 62 of the Minister of National Defense of the GDR . Its duties were guard duty , guard of honor , honor parade , and implementation of the military ceremony . The guard regiment was established in 1962 from parts of the Hugo Eberlein Guards Regiment but wasn ' t given the title " Friedrich Engels " until 1970 . As only Allied troops could be stationed in Berlin due to the special status of the city , the regiment was formally subordinate to the garrison commander . The main tasks were the ceremonial presentation of the honor guard at the memorial on Unter den Linden ( New Guard ) and the Big Wachaufzug held every Wednesday and was always quite a spectacle . In addition , the honor companies as formations honor to welcome state guests from the GDR were used . Special duties were also performed at the Great Tattoo , other guards of honor , honor companies at funerals of senior figures and wreath - laying ceremony was rounded off with this picture . The soldiers of the guard regiment " Friedrich Engels " were generally conscripts , that was after 18 months , the time around . The presentation weapon was the SKS rifle - in the army under the name " S carabiner led " . Each soldier of honor companies had two carbines , a training and a performance carbine . The honor guard at the Unter den Linden was equipped with their own rifles whose bolt and bayonet were chromed . The Regiment was dissolved along with the rest of the NPA in 1990 . Uniforms . Its uniforms were nearly identical to those of the those of National People ' s Army ( NPA ) and were distinguished primarily by the honorary cuffband on the left sleeve bearing the regiment ' s name .
Daniel Augustus Joseph Sullivan Daniel Augustus Joseph Sullivan ( July 31 , 1884 – January 27 , 1941 ) was a United States Naval Reserve officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War I . Biography . Sullivan attended Clemson College and graduated as part of the Class of 1902 . Sullivan enrolled in the United States Naval Reserve Force on April 12 , 1917 , a few days after the United States entered World War I . He later received a commission to the rank of Ensign . On May 21 , 1918 , while serving as an officer of the , he secured several live depth charge s that had come loose during combat with a German U - Boat . For this act , he was awarded the Medal of Honor . Later in 1918 , Ensign Sullivan was assigned to the destroyers and . Promoted to Lieutenant in September 1918 , he served with the U . S . Navy Headquarters in London , England , during the months following the November 1918 armistice . He attained the rank of Lieutenant Commander before leaving the Naval Reserve Force . Sullivan died at age 56 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . He was survived by his wife , Eva Tilton ( 1877 — 1973 ) . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Ensign , U . S . Naval Reserve Force . Born : July 31 , 1884 , Charleston , S . C . Appointed from : South Carolina . Citation : For extraordinary heroism as an officer of the U . S . S . Cristabel in conflict with an enemy submarine on May 21 , 1918 . As a result of the explosion of a depth bomb dropped near the submarine , the Christabel was so badly shaken that a number of depth charges which had been set for firing were thrown about the deck and there was imminent danger that they would explode . Ens . Sullivan immediately fell on the depth charges and succeeded in securing them , thus saving the ship from disaster , which would inevitably have caused great loss of life .
Oscar Lawrence Jackson Oscar Lawrence Jackson ( September 2 , 1840 – February 16 , 1920 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and the commander of an Ohio infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Oscar L . Jackson was born in Shenango Township , Lawrence County , Pennsylvania . He attended the common schools , Tansy Hill Select School , and Darlington Academy . He later taught school in Hocking County , Ohio . During the Civil War , Jackson served as an officer in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865 . He entered the service as the captain of Company H of the Sixty - third Regiment , Ohio Volunteer Infantry , and later received promotions of major , lieutenant colonel , and colonel by brevet after the war . He was shot in the face by a Confederate soldier with a Squirrel Rifle and left for dead in the 2nd Battle of Corinth . After the war , Jackson studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in New Castle , Pennsylvania . He served as district attorney from 1868 to 1871 . He was a member of the commission to codify laws and devise a plan for the government of cities of Pennsylvania in 1877 and 1878 . He published a book The fiery trail : a Union officer ' s account of Sherman ' s last campaigns Jackson was elected as a Republican to the Forty - ninth and Fiftieth Congresses . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1888 . He resumed the practice of law in New Castle and was a delegate to the 1896 Republican National Convention . Oscar L . Jackson died in New Castle in 1920 . Interment was in Greenwood Cemetery .
Fort Nonsense ( Morristown , New Jersey ) Fort Nonsense is one of three sites comprising the Morristown National Historical Park , in Morristown , Morris County , New Jersey , United States . The other two sites are the Ford Mansion and Jockey Hollow . Fort Nonsense occupies a high hilltop overlooking Morristown , and is believed to have been the site of a signal fire or smoke signal , along with earthworks . It was originally built at the order of General George Washington in 1777 for use during the American Revolutionary War that began in 1775 and was ended in 1783 by the Treaty of Paris . History . The derivation of the name " Fort Nonsense " is unknown . Researchers say it does not appear in any known document before 1833 . The often cited story is that Washington ' s original purpose for constructing the fort was to keep the American troops busy and out of trouble , however , Washington ' s intention is reportedly disclosed by an order in 1777 , issued as he moved the Continental Army to the Middlebrook encampment . In the order he directed Jeremiah Olney to remain behind at Morristown and , in his words , " [ with ] the Militia now here . . . Guard the Stores of different kinds . . . Strengthen the Works already begun upon the Hill near this place , and erect such others as are necessary for the better defending of it , that it may become a safe retreat in case of Necessity . " To the contrary , the National Park Service provides these details : The location of Fort Nonsense is at the highest point rising above a relatively level plateau west of the Watchung Mountains on which Morristown was settled . The strategic point provides a clear view of the lands to the north , east , and south with a range of mountains arising directly to the west of the point . A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal , as differentiated from tactics or immediate actions with resources at hand , and the term originally was confined to military matters . The mountains of northern New Jersey provided safe retreats behind natural barriers that the British troops and their conscripted Hessian auxiliaries to Great Britain were never ordered to scale after they had fared badly while attempting to negotiate the few passes , such as Hobart Gap . The movements of the British and their troops between New York and Philadelphia skirted along the coastal and narrow piedmont regions of the state until passing the southern boundary of the mountain ranges , readily visible to the scout s stationed atop the mountains to monitor their movement . Current status . As it is not a current strategic outlook post but is rather a public park , much of the forest has grown back . The park service maintains open space on the east facade and the very top where a parking lot and a small park with a period cannon are . The eastward view encompasses the entire New York City skyline , Morristown ' s busy South Street , and most towns in between Morristown and New York City . On clear days ( and nights ) the view is spectacular , but the park is closed at night when the views of the NYC skyline are arguably the best .
Cei - Rigotti The Cei - Rigotti ( also known as the Cei gas rifle ) is an early automatic rifle created in the final years of the 19th century by Amerigo Cei - Rigotti , an officer in the Italian Army . The rifle had selective fire capabilities ( single shots or burst ) and was a gas operated rifle . Available information on this gun is sparse and contradictory . According to several publications , the prototype rifle was chambered for the 6 . 5x52mm Mannlicher - Carcano . The gun was supposedly presented by Cei - Rigotti to his superiors in a private demonstration in 1895 . An Italian newspaper reported on this event in 1900 . According to another source , a demonstration was actually held publicly in Rome on June 13 , 1900 , when 300 rounds were fired on full automatic before the gun got so hot it seized up . Yet another source mentions a demonstration in the same year the Brescia arsenal . The British also ordered and tested the gun after this event , but they found it unsuitable . The exemplar found at the UK National Firearms Centre in Leeds ( formerly known as the MoD Pattern Room ) is chambered in 7 . 65x53mm Mauser , as is another exemplar found in a US private collection . The rifle fired ammunition fed from a fixed box magazine , loaded through stripper clips . Reportedly , prototypes with magazines up to 50 rounds capacity existed .
Balbithan House Balbithan House is a three storey L - plan keep dating from the 16th century . Alternative names are " Old Place of Balbithan " , " Old Balbthan " and " Balbythan House " . It is located in Aberdeenshire , Scotland , south - east of Inverurie . History . The grounds once belonged to the Abbey of Lindores , but by 1490 the Chalmers family had acquired them . An earlier House of Balbithan , of which there is now no trace , stood above the river Don , opposite Kintore . The Chalmers built the new house , probably as an oblong with one round tower , in abou1560 . A second wing , added in about 1600 , entailed the removal of the tower , which had been to the north west . . Jacobites are supposed to have used the tower in 1746 , after Culloden . . The Chalmers sold the property to James Balfour , an Edinburgh merchant , in 1696 . . After a brief period – from 1699 to 1707 – in the ownership of the Hays , it came to be owned by a branch of the Gordons until 1859 . . In the century to 1860 internal alterations were made , while the top floor was removed early in the 19th century , the second floor ceilings being raised . It was bought in 1960 by the botanical artist Mrs M M McMurtrie , who restored it . Structure . Balbithan House is an L - plan tower , unusual in that the new wing , dating from 1630 , and the original are of equal length . There is an unvaulted kitchen on the ground floor , with the long hall , a long gallery or withdrawing room , and bedrooms successively above . A small addition on the north side , which housed a service stair , has been removed . Attached to the south turret of the west wing is a metal sundial ; it is dated 1679 and carries the initials of James Chalmers . It is a category A listed building . The gardens , recreated by Mrs McMurtie , are regarded as important , and very fine .
Francis Cogswell Francis Cogswell ( August 19 , 1887 – September 22 , 1939 ) was a captain in the United States Navy who served in World War I and was a Navy Cross recipient . Early life . Cogswell was born in Portsmouth , New Hampshire , the son of Rear Admiral James Kelsey Cogswell . Navy career . He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in 1903 , and graduated in 1908 . Cogswell was awarded the Navy Cross for service during World War I , when he commanded the destroyers and . Cogswell ' s Navy Cross citation reads : In 1935 , he commanded the , the flagship of a flotilla of minesweepers assisting the US Coast and Geodetic Survey in charting the Aleutian Islands . Cogswell was Naval attaché in Paris , France in the late 1930s . Captain Cogswell died at Puget Sound Naval Hospital , Bremerton , Washington on 22 September 1939 . Personal life . He married Grace Woodman Phillips ( 1887 – 1971 ) of New York City . She had previously been married to pioneer aviator , Henry Post , who died in an air crash in 1914 , after establishing a new altitude record . She worked for the US Foreign Service and later for the Central Intelligence Agency until her retirement in 1954 . They had no children . USS Cogswell . The was a in the United States Navy , serving in World War II , the Korean War , and the Vietnam War . The ship is named in honor of Rear Admiral James Kelsey Cogswell , who served during the Spanish - American War , and his son , Captain Francis Cogswell .
17 cm SK L / 40 gun The 17 cm SK L / 40 was a German naval gun that was used in the two World War s . Originally a naval gun , it was adapted for land service during World War I . Description . The 17 cm SK L / 40 gun weighed , had an overall length of . Although designated as , its actual caliber was . It used the Krupp horizontal sliding block , or " wedge " , as it is sometimes referred to , in a breech loading design , rather than the interrupted screw commonly used in the heavy guns of other nations . This required that the propellant charge be loaded in a metal , ( usually brass ) , case which provides obduration , i . e . seals the breech to prevent escape of the expanding propellant gas . World War I . A number of guns were used as towed artillery and railway gun s during World War I . World War II . Six guns dismounted from obsolete battleships were used as railway guns from 1938 onwards .
John W . Daniel John Warwick Daniel ( September 5 , 1842June 29 , 1910 ) was an American lawyer , author , and Democratic politician from Lynchburg , Virginia . He served in the Virginia House of Delegates and represented Virginia in both the U . S . House and then five terms in the Senate . Daniel was known as the Lame Lion of Lynchburg because he was seriously wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness while serving as a major in the Confederate Army . Biography . John W . Daniel was born in Lynchburg , Virginia , and attended private schools , Lynchburg College , and Dr . Gessner Harrison ’ s University School . During the American Civil War , he served in the Confederate Army from 1861 – 64 , attaining the rank of major . He was an important staff officer for Major General Jubal A . Early in several campaigns , including Gettysburg . Daniel was permanently disabled in the Battle of the Wilderness in May 1864 and resigned his commission . Daniel studied law at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville and was admitted to the bar in 1866 . He established his practice at Lynchburg . Despite being crippled from his war injury , he entered politics and was a member of the House of Delegates from 1869 – 72 . Daniel was elected to the state senate in 1876 and served until 1881 , when he was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Virginia . In 1884 , he was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - ninth Congress and served from March 4 , 1885 – March 4 , 1887 . Daniel was subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate . He was reelected in 1891 , 1897 , 1904 , and 1910 , and served from March 4 , 1887 , until his death . During his tenure , he served as chairman , Committee on Revision of the Laws of the United States ( Fifty - third Congress ) . He was also a member of several committees , including the Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia ( Fifty - fifth Congress ) , the Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine ( Sixtieth Congress ) , and the Committee on Private Land Claims ( Sixty - first Congress ) . Daniel staunchly supported an American intervention into Cuba during the 1890s and often spoke at length on Spanish cruelties . Always interested in veterans affairs , Senator Daniel was heavily involved in the initial planning of the Virginia Memorial on the Gettysburg Battlefield . Daniel was a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1901 . Daniel died in Lynchburg and was buried there in the Spring Hill Cemetery . A large bronze statue of him is near the intersection of Park Avenue and 9th Street in Lynchburg . His father ' s home , Point of Honor , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and is currently operated as a house museum by the City of Lynchburg . His birthplace , the John Marshall Warwick House , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 . Electoral History . 1886 . Daniel was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives with 55 . 95 % of the vote , defeating Republican R . P . Morris .
USS Mecosta ( YTM - 392 ) Originally contracted to be built as YT ‑ 392 on 7 April 1941 , " Mecosta " ( YTB ‑ 392 ) was laid down by Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp . , Morris Heights , N . Y . , 13 September 1944 ; launched 28 October 1944 : and placed in service 20 January 1945 . " Mecosta " was assigned to Service Squadron 1 , Service Force , Atlantic Fleet , for a year of towing and salvage duties from arrival off the European coast 1 March . In March 1946 she transferred to the Naval Operating Base at Bermuda for support service as a large harbor tug for the next 9 years . She was redesignated YTM ‑ 392 on 1 February 1962 . " Mecosta " began operations with the Atlantic Fleet , based from Norfolk , Va . , in March 1965 , continuing her service to the fleet into 1969 .
486th Bombardment Squadron The 486th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 22d Bombardment Wing , stationed at March Air Force Base , California . It was inactivated on 1 July 1971 . History . Established as a B - 25 Mitchell medium bomber squadron in mid - 1942 , trained by Third Air Force in the southeastern United States . Deployed to IX Bomber Command in Egypt initially in March 1943 via Air Transport Command South Atlantic Route through Caribbean , Brazil , Liberia , Central Africa and Sudan , then reassigned to Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) , and to XII Bomber Command in Tunisia . Supported Allied ground forces in Tunisian Campaign ; participated in Invasions of Sicily and Italy during 1943 , supporting Allied ground forces with tactical bombing of enemy targets . Participated in liberation of Corsica during the spring of 1944 , then returned to Italy engaging in attacks on enemy ground forces and targets in the Po Valley during the spring of 1945 . Personnel demobilized in Italy during summer of 1945 ; squadron returned to the United States , being prepared for deployment to Pacific Theater for use as a tactical bomb squadron in programmed Invasion of Japan . Japanese capitulation led to squadron ' s inactivation in November 1945 . Activated as an A - 26 Invader squadron in the postwar Air Force reserves in 1947 ; inactivated in 1949 due to budget reductions . Reactivated in October 1952 as a Strategic Air Command B - 47 Stratojet squadron . Initially equipped with prototypes of the Boeing RB - 47B Stratojet ( YRB - 47 ) to perform long - range photo - reconnaissance with a flight of B - 29 Superfortress bombers assigned . In November 1953 began to receive production B - 47E medium bomber aircraft ; prototype reconnaissance aircraft already received exchanged for medium bomber versions . Participated in SAC REFLEX deployments to Europe and North Africa throughout the 1950s and 1960s . In 1966 with the phaseout of the B - 47 the aircraft sent to storage at Davis - Monthan and inactivated . Became B - 52D Heavy bombardment squadron with takeover of assets of the 325th Bombardment Squadron and transfer to Bergstrom AFB , Texas . Stood nuclear alert until 1966 when SAC turned over Bergstrom to Tactical Air Command . The 486th Bomb Squadron was transferred completely as a B - 52D conventional bomb squadron to March AFB , California as part of the 22d Bombardment Wing in 1966 . Performed frequent rotations to Western Pacific , engaging in Arc Light strategic bombardment of enemy targets over Indochina as part of Vietnam War . 486th crews were the first to land B52 ' s at , U - Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield ! In 1970 it was permanently deployed to U - Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield and placed in provisional status . Inactivated in 1971 due to budget reductions .
Otto - Joachim Lüdecke Otto - Joachim Lüdecke ( 27 May 1895 – 14 February 1971 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Otto - Joachim Lüdecke was captured by American troops in May 1945 , he was handed over the British troops and held until 1948 .
Attalus ( general ) Attalus ( in Greek Άτταλος , c . 390 BC – 336 BC ) , important courtier of Macedonian king Philip II of Macedonia . In 339 BC , Attalus ' niece Cleopatra Eurydice married king Philip II of Macedonia . In spring of 336 BC , Philip II appointed Attalus and Parmenion as commanders of the advance force that would invade the Persian Empire in Asia Minor . After Philip II had been assassinated and Alexander the Great had become king ( October 336 BC ) , Cleopatra Eurydice , her two children , and Attalus were all killed ( Cleopatra Eurydice may have died by her own hand after the murders of her children ) . According to a story of Aristotle ' s , lengthened by Cleitarchus and Diodorus Siculus , Attalus sexually assaulted Pausanias of Orestis in retribution for besmirching the reputation of Attalus ' s friend ( possibly relation ) , also named Pausanias , an event that led to the latter Pausanias ' s death . Philip II of Macedon ' s later assassination by Pausanias of Orestis has been tied to this affair as Pausanias was upset that Phillip had not punished Attalus . At the time of the accession of Alexander the Great to the Macedonian throne , Attalus was stationed with Parmenion and the Macedonian advance army in Asia Minor . In the wake of Phillip II ' s death , it is alleged by hostile sources that Demosthenes of Athens wrote a letter to Attalus promising Athens ' support if the two made war on Alexander . Attalus submitted Demosthenes ' letters to Alexander and pledged his support to the king . However , Alexander had Attalus killed , remembering the past insult of Attalus . Even without the resentment between the two men , Alexander probably felt Attalus was too ambitious to remain alive , and would have good reason for revenge after the deaths of Cleopatra Eurydice and her children .