naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Paul J . Kern Paul John Kern ( born June 16 , 1945 ) became President and Chief Operating Officer of AM General LLC on August 1 , 2008 . Kern is a former United States Army officer who served for 37 years . From October 2001 to November 2004 , he served as Commanding General of the United States Army Materiel Command . Military service . Kern also served as the Commander , 4th Infantry Division ( Mechanized ) . He was also the senior military assistant to the Secretary of Defense and Deputy Secretary of Defense ; military staff assistant , Defense Research and Engineering for Test and Evaluation , Office of the Secretary of Defense ; and Director of Requirements ( Support Systems ) , Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans . Kern also served as Team Chief , Light Combat Vehicle Team , Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research , Development and Acquisition , and as the Program Branch Chief , Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems , Warren , Michigan . He taught weapon systems and automotive engineering at the United States Military Academy and was the department ' s research officer . Kern served two tours in Vietnam with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment as a platoon leader and troop commander , and was a battalion operations officer with the 3rd Armored Division in Germany . He also commanded the 5th Battalion , 32nd Armor , 24th Infantry Division at Fort Stewart , Georgia ; commanded the 2nd Brigade , 24th Infantry Division at Fort Stewart and during Desert Shield / Desert Storm ; and was the Assistant Division Commander of the 24th Infantry Division after redeployment to Fort Stewart . Kern is a native of West Orange , New Jersey , and attended West Orange High School in his hometown . He was commissioned in 1967 as an Armor officer following graduation from the United States Military Academy . In 1973 he earned Master ' s Degrees in both mechanical and civil engineering from the University of Michigan . In June 2004 Kern was chosen to head the internal military investigation of the Abu Ghraib torture scandal , also referred to as the Fay Report . Military awards and decorations . His awards and decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , Army Distinguished Service Medal , Silver Star , Defense Superior Service Medal , Legion of Merit ( with oak leaf cluster ) , Bronze Star ( with Valor device and oak leaf cluster ) , Bronze Star Medal ( with two oak leaf clusters ) , Purple Heart ( with two oak leaf clusters ) , Meritorious Service Medal ( with four oak leaf clusters ) , Army Commendation Medal , Parachutist Badge , and Ranger Tab . Post military life . After retirement in January 2005 , Kern joined the Board of Directors of EDO Corporation and iRobot Corporation , and is a member of the External Advisory Board of the University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering , and a Senior Counselor of The Cohen Group . Kern now serves as the Chair of Advanced Technology in the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the United States Military Academy .
USS Herreshoff No . 321 ( SP - 2235 ) USS " Herreshoff No . 321 " ( SP - 2235 ) , also written Herreshoff # 321 , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1921 . Construction , acquisition , and commissioning . At the suggestion of Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( and future President of the United States ) Franklin D . Roosevelt ( 1882 - 1945 ) , businessman Payne Whitney ( 1876 - 1927 ) of New York City , seeking a way to contribute to the U . S . war effort during World War I , contracted with the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol , Rhode Island , for one of a small group of 60 - ton steel - hulled steam - powered boats built to a naval patrol boat design for private owners with the intention that they would be made available to the U . S . Navy in time of war . Whitneys boat , with the builders name " Herreshoff No . 321 " , was completed in 1917 . On 24 March 1918 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Herreshoff No . 321 " from Whitney for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned at Newport , Rhode Island , as USS " Herreshoff No . 321 " ( SP - 2235 ) the same day . Operational history . After spending a short time at New London , Connecticut , fitting out with listening gear , " Herreshoff No . 321 " departed New London on 5 May 1918 in company with the patrol boats and bound for the Panama Canal Zone , stopping at Charleston , South Carolina ; Key West , Florida ; and Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , en route . She arrived at Cristóbal in the Canal Zone on 1 June 1918 . She was assigned duty as a patrol vessel in Panama Bay and was used in support of aerial patrols off Panama . Two years later , " Herreshoff No . 321 " was offered for sale , but the offer was retracted and instead she was designated for duty with Torpedo Station Keyport at Keyport , Washington . Loss . While the ammunition ship was towing " Herreshoff No . 321 " to Keyport , the towing hawser connecting the ships parted off Southern California on 7 October 1921 . Before " Nitro " could make her fast again , " Herreshoff No . 321 " sank . " Herreshoff No . 321 " was stricken from the Navy List on 8 October 1921 .
Operation Savanna Operation Savanna ( or Operation Savannah ) was the first insertion of SOE trained Free French paratroops into German - occupied France during World War II . This SOE mission , requested by the Air Ministry , was to ambush and kill as many pilots as possible of the Kampfgeschwader 100 , a German Pathfinder formation stationed at Meucon airfield which spearheaded night raids on Britain . Setting off from an RAF Whitley on the moonlit night of 15 March 1941 , five paratroops made a blind drop at midnight , landing some eight miles east of the town of Vannes ( where the Pathfinder crew billeted ) , and five miles off target . The following day they discovered the pilots no longer commuted between Vannes and Meucon by bus , but had taken to travelling on an " ad hoc " basis by cars . Hence the grand ambush and assassination had to be aborted . Seeking to gain something from the mission , Captain Georges Bergé instructed his men to disperse and go on general reconnaissance and meet at Sables d ' Olonne at the end of the month for extraction by sea . One of the men was already missing and another failed to make the rendezvous . After several nights watching from the sand dunes , on 4 / 5 April , Bergé saw Geoffrey Appleyard of the SOE ' s Small Scale Raiding Force paddling ashore after launching from the submarine HMS " Tigris " . Unfortunately , two other kayaks were damaged being launched so only Bergé and Forman could be extracted . remained behind and made his way to a safehouse in Paris and continued as an SOE operative . The Free French paratroops went on to later form the French SAS and Bergé took part in some early raids in the near east , eventually rising to the rank of general .
Agüeybaná ( The Great Sun ) Agüeyaná ( died 1510 ) , was one of the two principal and most powerful " cacique s " ( chiefs ) of the Taíno people in " Borikén " ( Puerto Rico ) when the Spaniards first arrived on the island on November 19 , 1493 . " The Great Sun " . Agüeybaná , whose name means " The Great Sun , " lived with his tribe in Guaynia ( Guayanilla ) , located near a river of the same name , on the southern part of the island . All the other " Cacique s " were subject to and had to obey Agüeybaná , even though they governed their own tribes . Arrival of the conquistadors . Agüeybaná received the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León upon his arrival in 1508 . According to an old Taíno tradition , Agüeybaná practiced the " guatiao , " a Taíno ritual in which he and Juan Ponce de León became friends and exchanged names . Ponce de León then baptized the cacique ' s mother into Christianity and renamed her Inés . The cacique joined Ponce de León in the exploration of the island . After this had been accomplished , Agüeybaná accompanied the conquistador to the island of " La Española " ( what today comprises the nations of the Dominican Republic and Haiti ) , where he was well received by the Governor Nicolás de Ovando . Agüeybaná ' s actions helped to maintain the peace between the Taíno and the Spaniards , a peace which was to be short - lived . The hospitality and friendly treatment that the Spaniards received from Agüeybaná made it easy for the Spaniards to betray and conquer the island . After a short period of peace , the Taínos were forced to work in the island ' s gold mines and in the construction of fort s as slaves . Many Taínos died as a result of the cruel treatment which they received . Aftermath . Upon Agüeybaná ' s death in 1510 , his brother Güeybaná ( better known as Agüeybaná II ) became the most powerful Cacique in the island . Agüeybaná II was troubled by the treatment of his people by the Spanish and attacked them in battle . The Tainos were ultimately defeated at the Battle of Yagüecas . After this , Tainos in Puerto Rico either abandoned the island , were forced to labor as slaves , or were killed by the Spaniards . Many also succumbed to the smallpox epidemic that attacked the island in 1519 . Legacy . Agüeybaná is admired in Puerto Rico for his dedication to his people and attempting to keep the peace . Puerto Rico has named many public buildings and streets after him : Many songs and poems , by poets such as Juan Antonio Corretjer , among others , have been written about Agüeybaná .
French corvette Poulette ( 1781 ) Poulette was a French 20 - gun " Coquette " - class corvette built to a design by Joseph - Marie - Blaise Coulomb and launched in March 1781 . She served the French navy until 1793 when the British captured her at Toulon in 1793 . She served briefly in the Royal Navy , including at the battle of Genoa in 1795 , until she was burned in October 1796 to prevent her falling into French hands . French career . On 18 December 1782 , she departed Toulon with the frigates " Précieuse " and " Prosélyte " to escort a convoy to the Caribbean , comprising the fluyt s " Gracieuse " , " Rhône " and " Durance " . In 1784 , she sailed for a mission to the Middle East under Pierre - Dimas Thierry , Marquis de la Prévalaye , and in 1789 she was sent to Martinique . In November - December 1790 , she was under the command of " lieutenant de vaisseau " François - Paul Brueys d ' Aigalliers , who sailed from Toulon to Algiers with M . Vallière , France ' s consul general in Algeria . She also carried dispatches for the naval station and French consuls in the Levant . Between January and July 1793 , she was under the command of " lieutenant de vaisseau " Farquharson - Stuart . She sailed from Villefranche to Calvi via Toulon . She then escorted a convoy of troop transports from Calvi to the Gulf of Palmas via Ajaccio before returning to Villefranche . She next cruised the Ligurian coast while escorting convoys between Genoa and Marseilles . The British captured her at Toulon in 1793 . British service . The British took her into service as a 28 - gun sixth rate . Initially she remained under Farquharson - Stuart ' s command , in the French Division under Rear - Admiral Trogoff de Kerlessy . On 1 July 1794 Commander Ralph Miller became her captain . Miller had volunteered to lead an assault on the French ships moored at Golfe Jouan , and Admiral Samuel Hood appointed him to command " Poulette " and fit her as fireship , with the intention of setting fire to the anchored French fleet . Miller eventually made five attempts to take her into the anchorage , but the wind prevented him on each occasion . Hood then abandoned the project . " Poulette " was in the van division under Vice - Admiral Samuel Goodall at the naval battle of Genoa on 14 March 1795 . The battle , between British and Neapolitan warships under Vice - Admiral William Hotham and a French fleet under Rear - Admiral Pierre Martin , ended in a British - Neapolitan victory . In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp " 14 March 1795 " to all surviving claimants from the action . On 12 January 1796 Miller was next assigned to command " Mignonne " , but Admiral Sir John Jervis instead moved him to . Captain Jeremiah Edwards replaced Miller on " Poulette " . Fate . The British burnt " Poulette " and her sister ship on 20 October 1796 at Ajaccio in the face of the advancing French troops . The two sloops were not seaworthy enough for use in evacuating the island of Corsica .
Ernest Squires Lieutenant General Ernest Ker Squires CB , DSO , MC ( 18 December 1882 – 2 March 1940 ) was a senior officer in the Australian Army who served as Chief of the General Staff ( 1939 – 1940 ) . Military career . Educated at Eton College and the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich , Squires was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1903 . He transferred to the 3rd Sappers and Miners in India in 1905 . He served in World War I and was wounded at Givenchy in 1914 and at Ypres in 1915 . Later that year he saw action again - this time in Mesopotamia . In 1932 he was made Brigadier on the General Staff of Southern Command . He became Director of Staff Duties at the War Office in 1939 , Inspector General of the Australian Army in 1938 and Chief of the General Staff in Australia in 1939 . His health failed him and he died early the following year . Family . In 1912 he married Ethel Elsie Risley .
HMS Orion ( 1854 ) HMS " Orion " was a 91 - gun " Hood " - class second rate of the Royal Navy . She was launched in 1854 and was the second of six ships to carry the name . Service . " Orion " was ordered as an 80 - gun second rate on 30 March 1848 and laid down at Chatham Dockyard on 1 February 1850 . With the advent of steam propulsion in warship design , " Orion " was reordered on 30 October 1852 to a new design , to incorporate a steam engine and a propellor . She was launched on 6 November 1854 and completed by 29 March 1855 , with sea trials beginning on 24 February 1856 from Devonport . " Orion " was commanded from her commissioning until late 1857 by Captain John Elphinstone Erskine . She took part in the Crimean War in 1855 , serving in the Baltic Sea . On 23 April 1856 she was present at the Fleet Review at Spithead . For her service in the Baltic she was awarded the battle honour Baltic 1855 . She sailed across the Atlantic Ocean , arriving at Havana on 14 July 1857 from Port Royal , and then departed for Halifax on 16 July 1857 . She then sailed to the Mediterranean Sea in 1860 .
Alexander Jardine ( Medal of Honor ) Alexander Jardine ( October 17 , 1874 – February 22 , 1949 ) was a fireman first class serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Jardine was born October 17 , 1874 in Inverness , Scotland and after entering the navy he was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Potomac as a Fireman First Class . He died February 22 , 1949 and was buried in section 12 , site 4280 at Arlington National Cemetery Arlington , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Fireman First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 19 March 1873 , Inverness , Scotland . Accredited to : Ohio . G . O . No . : 503 , 13 December 1898 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Potomac during the passage of that vessel from Cat Island to Nassau , 14 November 1898 . Volunteering to enter the fireroom which was filled with steam , Jardine , after repeated attempts , succeeded in reaching the auxiliary valve and opening it , thereby relieving the vessel from further danger .
USS Essex vs HMS Alert A naval engagement between USS " Essex " and HMS " Alert " took place on 13 August 1812 , in which the light frigate , , 32 ( commanded by Capt . David Porter , USN ) encountered and captured the British sloop , 20 ( Captain T . L . P . Laugharne ) . With " so trifling a skirmish " Porter later said , " Alert " became the first American capture of the war . The duel itself , lasted a mere 8 minutes , during which " Essex " fired only one broadside . Porter kept his gunports closed making Laugharne believe that " Essex " was a merchantman . This gave confidence to Laugharne in maneuvering his ship within pistol shot range of " Essex " . Which in turn ran out her carronade s and devastated " Alert " . " Alert " remained in United States service until 1829 . A shipment of 3rd pattern Brown Bess sea service muskets was found aboard " Alert " , which went towards arming the American Marines at the Washington and Boston Navy Yard s . They were preferred for their larger caliber , longer bayonets and shorter barrels .
Fenestrelle Fort The Fenestrelle Fortress , better known as the Fenestrelle Fort is a fortress overlooking Fenestrelle ( Piedmont , northern Italy ) . It is the biggest alpine fortification in Europe , having a surface area of 1 , 300 , 000 m² . Originally built by the French to a design by Vauban beginning in 1694 and enlarged by Savoy between 1728 and 1850 , it guards the access to Turin via the Chisone valley , and stands at altitudes between 1 , 100 and 1 , 800 m . The territory was acquired in 1709 by the Duchy of Savoy ( later known as the Kingdom of Sardinia ) after the defeat of the French at fort Mutin ( Fenestrelle ) . History . In 1694 French general de Catinat obtained approval to build Fort Mutin in the Chisone valley to a design by the noted French fortress architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban . The fort was besieged in August 1708 by an army of Savoy under Victor Amadeus II , surrendering after 15 days . France officially ceded Fenestrelle to Savoy as required by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . To defend the newly acquired territories , a complex of forts was built , using a design by Ignazio Bertola . They were connected by a 3 km long wall , a long indoor staircase of 3 , 996 steps and an outside staircase of 2 , 500 steps . It was used as a prison by the French Empire : notable prisoners were Joseph de Maistre and Bartolomeo Pacca . The prison also held Pierre Picaud , whose story was the inspiration for Edmond Dantès , the main character in Dumas ’ s " Count of Monte Cristo " . The Kingdom of Sardinia locked political prisoners , Mazzini ' s supporters and common criminals in the fort , including the Archbishop Luigi Fransoni . In 1861 , after the unification of Italy , around 24 , 000 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies supporters ( mainly soldiers ) were put into the fort , which probably became a concentration camp ( but some academics complain that this accusation is not true ) . Several Garibaldi ' s and Papal States supporters were also locked up . Many of the prisoners died of hunger and cold . In 1882 , the fort was upgraded . After 1887 , it became the headquarters of the Fenestrelle battalion of the Third Alpini Regiment . After World War II , the fort was abandoned and left to decay , most of the available material being plundered . In 1990 a redevelopment action , guided by a group of volunteers , known as Progetto San Carlo ( ONLUS ) was started .
Harry Hazlett Harry Fouts Hazlett ( April 17 , 1884 – September 27 , 1960 ) was a career officer in the U . S . Army . Prior to that he was an American football coach for the Canton Professionals - Bulldogs of the " Ohio League " , which was the direct predecessor to the modern National Football League , as well as the head football and basketball coach at Canton McKinley High School . He was fired as the head coach of the Canton Bulldogs , by manager Jack Cusack , after he benched Canton rookie Jim Thorpe for the first game of the 1915 league title game . The first game in the two - game series resulted in a 16 – 0 victory over the Bulldogs by their rivals , the Massillon Tigers . It is unknown why Hazlett benched Thorpe . Some historians feel it was due to Thorpe not having time to practice with the team , while others feel that he resented Thorpe ' s high salary . After Hazlett was fired , the Bulldogs ' quarterback , Don Hamilton , left the team in protest . Thorpe was later named the team ' s new head coach and led the Bulldogs to the 1915 championship , which was split between Canton and Massillon . Hazlett joined the Ohio National Guard as a captain in 1916 and participated in the Mexican Expedition . During World War I , he served as a machine gun officer and was cited for bravery . After the war , he taught at the University of Akron and the University of Dayton as a Professor of Military Science and Tactics . Before World War II , Hazlett attended the Army War College and published a paper , " Procurement and Processing during the Voluntary Enlistment Period of Initial Mobilization " , in 1933 . Then Lt . Colonel Hazlett served as an instructor at the Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth from 1935 to 1936 . During 1945 , Hazlett served as Commanding General of the Replacement and School Command . In June 1946 , he succeeded Major General Paul J . Mueller as commander of the 86th Infantry Division . He commanded the division until it was deactivated in December 1946 on Leyte , Philippines . After commanding the 86th , he was the Post Commander at Yokohama , Japan until 1947 . In retirement Hazlett lived in California . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Thomas Stanton ( Medal of Honor ) Thomas Stanton ( August 11 , 1869 – May 7 , 1950 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Biography . He was born August 11 , 1869 in Ireland and after immigrating to the United States he joined the Navy from New York . By September 8 , 1910 , was serving as a chief machinist ' s mate on the . On that day , while the " North Dakota " was conducting tests using oil as fuel , an explosion occurred , killing three sailors and endangering the ship . In the engine room , pieces of hot coal and coke floated in waist - high hot water , oil was aflame above one of the boilers , and the entire room was filled with smoke , steam , and fumes . Despite these dangers , Stanton and five other men of the ship ' s engineering department entered the engine room to haul the boiler fires and perform other tasks necessary to prevent a boiler explosion . After ensuring the safety of the ship , they then searched for and removed the bodies of the three sailors killed in the initial explosion . For these actions , Stanton and the five other men were awarded the Medal of Honor a month later , on October 4 . The others were Chief Machinist ' s Mate Karl Westa , Chief Watertender August Holtz , Chief Watertender Patrick Reid , Machinist ' s Mate First Class Charles C . Roberts , and Watertender Harry Lipscomb . Stanton died May 7 , 1950 at age 80 and was buried at Saint Columba Catholic Cemetery in Middletown , Rhode Island . Medal of Honor citation . Stanton ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession during the fire on board the U . S . S . " North Dakota " , 8 September 1910 .