naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
11th Fighter Wing The 11th Fighter Group is a disbanded United States Army Air Forces organization . Its last assignment was with Eighth Air Force at Drew Field , Florida . It was disbanded in late 1943 . History . The wing was constituted in late 1940 at Hamilton Field , California in the buildup of the United States Army Air Corps in response to the start of World War II in Europe . It moved to Army Air Base , Portland in 1941 , where it assumed responsibility for organizing two pursuit groups . It was inactivated later that year , and its personnel used as part of the cadre for headquarters units of Fourth Air Force . The wing was activated the following year at Drew Field , Florida . Although it was programmed for overseas deployment to the European Theater and was assigned to Eighth Air Force , it was attached to Third Air Force for training . It was never assigned any combat groups and was inactivated before deploying overseas . In 1985 the wing was reconstituted on paper as the 367th Electronic Warfare Group , but was never active before being disbanded again in 1992 . References . Bibliography . Further Reading
Sivas Congress Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas , in central - eastern Turkey , that united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire , which was defunct at the time in practical terms . At the time of the convention , the state capital ( İstanbul ) as well as many provincial cities and regions were under occupation . The call for the congress had been issued by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with his Amasya Circular three months before and the preparatory work had been handled during Erzurum Congress . The congress at Sivas took a number of vital decisions which were fundamentally to shape the future policy to be conducted in the frame of the Turkish War of Independence .
305 mm howitzer M1939 ( Br - 18 ) The 305 mm howitzer M1939 ( Br - 18 ) ( ) was a Czech superheavy siege howitzer used by the Soviet Union during World War II . After the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia in March 1939 they took over the Škoda Works , which had been working on this design and a companion 210 mm gun . As a result of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact the Germans sold both designs to the Soviet Union . It ' s not entirely clear that Skoda actually built the weapons itself or merely supplied the blueprints . At any rate , very few weapons seem to have built , so much so that there ' s no record of the Germans capturing any after Operation Barbarossa . It used the same carriage as 210 mm gun M1939 ( Br - 17 ) as well as the same firing platform and control mechanism . It was transported in three loads . It was most famously used to defend Leningrad during the Siege of Leningrad .
USS Josephine ( SP - 913 ) The first USS " Josephine " ( SP - 913 ) , later USS " SP - 913 " , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Josephine " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1916 by the New York Yacht , Launch , and Engine Company at Morris Heights in the Bronx , New York . The U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , L . A . Lehmaier , on 9 August 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel . She was commissioned as USS " Josephine " ( SP - 913 ) at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York , on 20 September 1917 with Boatswain J . D . Cremin , USNRF , in command . Attached to the 3rd Naval District , " Josephine " performed section patrol duty in the New York City area , including Long Island Sound . She was renamed USS " SP - 913 " on 11 April 1918 . " Having proved unsuit ( able ) " for naval service , on 6 July 1918 the Navy directed that " SP - 913 " be returned to her owner . She was returned to Lehmaier on 20 December 1918 . " Josephine " ( SP - 913 ) should not be confused with two other patrol vessels , USS " Josephine " ( SP - 1243 ) and USS " Josephine " ( SP - 3295 ) , which also were in commission in the U . S . Navy during World War I .
Battle of San Patricio The Battle of San Patricio was a battle fought on February 27 , 1836 , between the troops of Republic of Mexico and the rebelling Mexican state of Texas . Background . The seizure of power by Antonio López de Santa Anna in 1833 led several Mexican states to openly rebel . One was Coahuila y Texas . The eastern Texas portion of the state had been settled mainly by immigrants from the southern United States . When Santa Anna appointed himself a dictator , suspending the Mexican Constitution of 1824 , the people of Texas rebelled in defense of their civil liberties . With the fall of the Mexican strongholds in San Antonio , Goliad , and other Mexican forts and cities , to the Texas rebels , Santa Anna decided to personally crush the rebellion . He led a force called " Army of Operations " of about 6 , 000 soldiers into northern Mexico . Santa Anna divided his forces for maximum coverage . One column was led by General José de Urrea , who was ordered to march along the Texas coast to keep open Mexican supply lines by sea . Battle . With the approval of the General Council , Texas revolutionaries James Grant , Frank W . Johnson and Robert C . Morris collaborated on plans to lead an assault on the Mexican town of Matamoros . Recruiting some 300 men , several of who were native to San Antonio , they gathered provisions from the Alamo and La Bahia for their expedition . The men needed mounts for their long journey and divided into groups as they traveled toward the coast to capture wild horses . On February 27 , 1836 , Urrea ' s advanced reconnaissance patrol discovered Frank W . Johnson and about 34 Texians camped at the abandoned Irish settlement of San Patricio . In a surprise attack at 3 : 30am , Mexican troops fired on the Texian Army and killed about 10 ( 7 of them Hispanics ) and captured 18 . Johnson and four others who were captured managed to escape and rejoin James Fannin ' s command at Goliad . One man , Daniel J . Toler , escaped capture . Grant and Morris ' s party was also surprised by Urrea ' s army as they camped at Agua Dulce Creek . On March 2 , the Mexicans surprised them , killing both Grant and Morris and twelve others . The survivors were taken captured and imprisoned at Matamoros .
Ferret - class destroyer Two " Ferret " - class destroyers served with the Royal Navy . and were built by Laird , displaced 280 tons and were in length . They were armed with one 12 - pounder gun and two bow torpedo tubes . They carried a complement of 53 . Background . The invention of the self - propelled torpedo by Robert Whitehead and Austrian Navy Captain Giovanni Luppis in 1866 , combined with the introduction of small fast torpedo boat s ( invented by John Ericsson in the late 19th century ) posed a threat to battleship s : large numbers of torpedo boats could overwhelm a battleship ' s defences and sink it , or distract the battleship and make it vulnerable to opposing capital ships . Torpedo boats proved devastatingly effective in the 1891 Chilean Civil War . The defence against torpedo boats was clear : small warships accompanying the fleet that could screen and protect it from attack by torpedo boats . Several European navies developed vessels variously known as torpedo boat " catchers " , " hunters " and " destroyers " , while the Royal Navy itself operated torpedo gunboat s . However , the early designs lacked the range and speed to keep up with the fleet they were supposed to protect . In 1892 , the Third Sea Lord , Rear Admiral Jackie Fisher ordered the development of a new type of ships equipped with the then novel water - tube boilers and quick - firing small calibre guns . Orders . Six ships to the specifications circulated by the Admiralty were ordered initially , comprising three different designs each produced by a different shipbuilder : Design . These boats all featured a turtleback ( i . e . rounded ) forecastle that was characteristic of early British TBDs . All six of them were removed from service and disposed of by the end of 1912 , and thus were not affected by the Admiralty decision in 1913 to group all the surviving 27 - knot and 30 - knot destroyers ( which had followed on these six 26 - knot vessels ) into four heterogeneous classes , labelled " A " , " B " , " C " and " D " classes . The " Ferret " - class destroyers were followed by the larger which were built by Lairds less than a year later .
USS Scout ( MCM - 8 ) The fourth USS " Scout " ( MCM - 8 ) is an " Avenger " - class mine countermeasures ship of the United States Navy . Service history . " Scout " was laid down on 8 June 1987 at Peterson Builders in Sturgeon Bay , Wisconsin . Launched on 20 May 1989 , she was commissioned on 15 December 1990 . The " Avenger " - class ships were designed to have very low acoustic and magnetic signature s to avoid detonating mines . While most modern warships have steel hulls , the " Avengers " have wooden hulls with an external coating of fiberglass . They are equipped with sophisticated minehunting and classification sonar as well as remotely - operated mine neutralization and disposal systems . On 25 June 1992 , " Scout " was the first ship to arrive at the newly established Naval Station Ingleside , center of the Navy ' s Mine Warfare operations . While on a five - month deployment in the Mediterranean during 1999 , " Scout " assisted in the evacuation of ethnic Albanians from war - torn Kosovo . " Scout " deployed to the Mediterranean in early 2003 for a five - month tour in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom , returning on 13 June . On 1 April 2005 , " Scout " and her sister ship departed Naval Station Ingleside for a five - month deployment on the West Coast of the US , operating out of Naval Station San Diego . On 24 August , the Armed Forces Base Realignment and Closure Committee recommended closing Naval Station Ingleside and moving Navy Mine Warfare operations to Naval Station San Diego . The recommendation was signed into law on 9 November 2005 , and planning for the base ' s closure has begun . Navy Mine Warfare operations are to be relocated to Naval Station San Diego . In September 2005 , " Scout " and several of her sister ships participated in relief efforts in the Gulf of Mexico following Hurricane Katrina . The mine countermeasure ships spent weeks surveying waterways around the Louisiana coast and offshore oil platform s , using their high - tech sonar systems to locate sunken debris that could pose a hazard to navigation . On 18 February 2007 " Scout " arrived in Manama , Bahrain , where she remains forward deployed with the United States 5th Fleet . " Scout " was transported from Naval Station Ingleside aboard the semi - submersible heavy - lift ship " Condock III " , chartered by Military Sealift Command . " Scout " participated in a mine countermeasures exercise with British forces in August 2007 , where air , surface , and subsurface countermeasures were employed in the central Persian Gulf to locate , identify , and destroy planted dummy mines . From 26 February to 6 March 2008 " Scout " participated in another mine countermeasures exercise in the northern Persian Gulf with British and Kuwaiti forces . During the exercise , " Scout " exchanged two sailors with the Royal Navy ship " Blyth " to foster interoperability between coalition forces engaged in mine warfare . Awards . In May 2004 , " Scout " was the Atlantic Fleet winner of the Marjorie Sterrett Battleship Fund Award for overall readiness .
442d Tactical Fighter Training Squadron The 442d Tactical Fighter Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 474th Tactical Fighter Wing and stationed at Nellis Air Force Base , Nevada . History . Established in 1943 as a P - 47 Thunderbolt Replacement Training Squadron ( RTU ) under I Fighter Command . Also performed air defense over New England . Inactivated in 1944 with the end of RTU training . Activated in 1956 under Tactical Air Command and programmed for F - 100 Super Sabre s . Never manned or equipped , inactivated in early 1957 . Reactivated in 1969 as a General Dynamics F - 111 A training squadron , assigned to the 474th Tactical Fighter Wing . It was inactivated in 1977 when the parent wing transferred its F - 111 aircraft to the 366th TFW at Mountain Home AFB , Idaho .
Armstrong Laboratory Armstrong Laboratory was a research and development organization operated by the United States Air Force Materiel Command . In 1997 , the Laboratory was merged into the Air Force Research Laboratory . The Laboratory was named after Gen Harry G . Armstrong , known as " the father of space medicine . "
Boeing X - 50 Dragonfly The Boeing X - 50A Dragonfly , formerly known as the Canard Rotor / Wing Demonstrator , was a gyrodyne unmanned aerial vehicle that was developed by Boeing and DARPA to demonstrate the principle that a helicopter ' s rotor could be stopped in flight and act as a fixed wing . The X - 50A built upon the work of the Sikorsky S - 72 X - Wing program of the 1980s by designing the vehicle as a multi - mode aircraft from the ground up . The X - 50A was one of two projects funded by DARPA in its " Heliplane " program . Neither of the two prototype aircraft ever successfully transitioned to full forward flight . DARPA withdrew funding for the X - 50 program in late 2006 due to inherent design flaws . Development . The X - 50A was a joint program between Boeing and DARPA , with each paying for half the development costs . The X - 50A was powered by a single conventional turbofan engine . For rotary - wing mode , the engine ' s exhaust was diverted to nozzles in the tips of the rotor blades . When the aircraft transitioned to full forward flight , the engine exhaust was directed through a nozzle at the rear of the aircraft and the rotor was locked into a fixed position and functioned as a conventional wing . Two proof - of - concept aircraft were built as part of the program . The X - 50A ' s maiden flight took place on 24 November 2003 . Crashes . During the third flight of the prototype X - 50A , on 23 March 2004 , the vehicle crashed , as a result of cross - coupling in the controls . A second , improved prototype ( " Ship 2 " ) was then built . On its sixth of 11 planned test flights , Ship 2 was completely destroyed in a crash at the Yuma Proving Grounds on April 12 , 2006 . Subsequent investigation revealed that the aircraft ' s fuselage was subject to an aerodynamic pitching moment of extreme sensitivity . Both airspeed and rotor wake would produce a nose - up pitching motion that was greater than the flight controls could compensate for . Outcome . Neither aircraft was able to achieve transition to full forward flight mode during the portions of the test flight program that were completed . In September , 2006 , DARPA recognized the inherent design flaws and withdrew funding for the program .
William L . Waller , Jr . The Hon . William L . Waller , Jr . ( born February 9 , 1952 ) was sworn in as Chief Justice on the Supreme Court of Mississippi in January 2009 . He represents the Central Judicial District of Mississippi . Early years . Waller , a native and current resident of Jackson , Mississippi , is the son of William " Bill " Waller . , Sr . , former Governor of Mississippi . The junior Waller graduated from Murrah High School and Mississippi State University in 1974 , where he was a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon Fraternity . He received his law degree from the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1977 . Career . Waller practiced law with the firm of Waller and Waller in Jackson for over 20 years and served as a Municipal Judge for the City of Jackson . Waller was elected to the Mississippi Supreme Court in November 1996 , and re - elected in November 2004 . He served as a Presiding Justice from January 2004 until December 2008 , and assumed the position of Chief Justice in January 2009 Justice Waller has sought to bring reforms in the administration of justice . He supported adoption by the Supreme Court of mediation rules for civil litigation and served as Chairman of the Mississippi Public Defender Task Force from 2000 - 2005 . Justice Waller was principal architect of what became legislation which created the Office of Capital Post Conviction Counsel , the Office of Indigent Appeals and the Comprehensive Electronic Court Systems Fund . Waller served as chairman of the Supreme Court Rules Committee from 2001 to 2008 . In 2012 , he led efforts that resulted in the passage of judicial compensation reform legislation . Justice Waller was the recipient of the Judicial Innovation Award for 2003 - 2004 by the Hinds County Bar Association and the Jackson Young Lawyers Association . He received the Chief Justice Award in 2005 for his work as chairman of a special study committee to develop a statewide e - filing and docket management system . He received the Mississippi State University Pre - Law Society ’ s Distinguished Jurist award in 2009 . He received the Judicial Excellence Award for 2011 - 2012 from the Capital Area Bar Association and the Jackson Young Lawyers Association . Mississippi College School of Law presented him with an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in 2012 . Justice Waller is currently a member of the Stennis Institute Advisory Board at Mississippi State University . He is a former Eagle Scout and serves on the Advisory Board of the Andrew Jackson Council , Boy Scouts of America . Justice Waller also serves on the adjunct faculty of the Mississippi College School of Law . Military career . Presently assigned to the Retired Reserve , Justice Waller attained the rank of Brigadier General while serving as Commander of the 66th Troop Command , Mississippi Army National Guard , Jackson , Mississippi . Personal life . Waller and his wife , Charlotte , have three children and are members of First Baptist Church Jackson where he has served as Chairman of the Deacons .
Hans - Werner Bartels Hans - Werner Bartels ( 28 January 1910 – 2 December 1991 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Department of the Navy ( Australia ) The Department of the Navy is a former Australian federal government department . Originally created on 12 July 1915 to replace the Navy Office within the Department of Defence , its functions included responsibility for naval defence , bases , dockyards , works , and wireless telegraphy , as well as the construction and repair of vessels for government departments , including the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . However , the department was absorbed into the Department of Defence on 21 December 1921 . A new Department of the Navy was created on 13 November 1939 following the outbreak of the Second World War , and it assumed control of the administration and finance of the RAN from the Department of Defence . The department was again abolished by the Whitlam government on 30 November 1973 when the single service departments were once again amalgamated , with its role assumed by the Navy Office within the Department of Defence .
Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site The Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site , commonly referred to as the Reagan Test Site ( formerly Kwajalein Missile Range ) , is a missile test range in the Pacific Ocean . It covers about and includes rocket launch sites at the Kwajalein Atoll ( on multiple islands ) , Wake Island , and Aur Atoll . It primarily functions as a test facility for U . S . missile defense and space research programs . The Reagan Test Site is under the command of the US Army Kwajalein Atoll , or USAKA ( pronounced ) . The mission control center , along with most of the personnel and infrastructure , is located at the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands . Eleven of the atoll ' s islands are operated by the U . S . military under a long term lease with the Republic of the Marshall Islands . Equipment installed at the test site includes various tracking radar s , stationary and mobile telemetry , optical recording equipment and a secure fiberoptic data network via the HANTRU - 1 undersea cable . The Reagan Test Site also serves as a tracking station for manned space flight and NASA research projects . Launch activities at the test site include ballistic missile tests , ABM interception tests , meteorological sounding rockets and a commercial spaceport for SpaceX at Omelek Island . Previous names for the installation :
USS Rogday ( ID - 3583 ) USS " Rogday " ( ID - 3538 ) was a United States Navy icebreaker and cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919 . Construction , early career , acquisition , and commissioning . " Rogday " was built in 1915 as the commercial icebreaking cargo ship SS " Nevada " by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company at Manitowoc , Wisconsin . " Nevada " operated on the Great Lakes until March 1917 , when the Imperial Russian government purchased her and renamed her SS " Rogday " . Due to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution that month , however , she never was delivered to Russia and remained in North America . " Rogday " was at Sydney , Nova Scotia , Canada , on 15 November 1918 when the United States Shipping Board acquired her and transferred her to the U . S . Navy the same day . The Navy assigned her the naval registry identification number 3583 and commissioned her on 22 November 1918 at Sydney as USS " Rogday " ( ID - 3583 ) with Lieutenant Commander J . N . Patton , USNRF , in command . Operational history . Assigned to the 1st Naval District for use as an icebreaker , " Rogday " departed Sydney on 5 December 1918 bound for Halifax , Nova Scotia . She then moved on from Halifax to Boston , Massachusetts . She remained inactive at Boston until June 1919 , when she was ordered to sea to assist the damaged cargo ship in the North Atlantic Ocean west of Bermuda . She then proceeded eastward to Bermuda , where she anchored from 7 to 11 June 1919 before returning to Boston . Decommissioning and later career . " Rogday " was decommissioned on 18 June 1919 . On 24 September 1919 , the Navy transferred he back to the U . S . Shipping Board , which in transferred her back to representatives of the now - deposed Imperial Russian government the same day . In 1921 , the Russians sold " Rogday " to the Père Marquette Line Steamers Company of Grand Haven , Michigan , which renamed her SS " Nevada " and placed her back in commercial service on the Great Lakes . " Nevada " remained in service on the Great Lakes until 1942 or 1943 , being sold successively to the Muskegon Dock & Fuel Company of Muskegon , Michigan , in 1935 - when her appearance was greatly altered when she was converted to a roll - on / roll - off vehicle and cargo carrier - then to the Wisconsin and Michigan Steamship Company of Milwaukee , Wisconsin , in 1940 , and finally to the Sand Products Corporation of Milwaukee in 1941 . In 1942 or 1943 , " Nevada " s Great Lakes career finally came to an end when the United States Maritime Commission purchased her for use on the high seas during World War II . On 15 December 1943 she was abandoned during a gale in the North Atlantic off South Carolina ; although 34 members of her crew lost their lives , the United States Coast Guard Cutter " Comanche " ( WPG - 76 ) managed to save 29 others in a " dramatic and difficult feat of seamanship . " Efforts to salvage the abandoned " Nevada " over the next three days failed as the storm continued , and she sank on 18 December 1943 .