naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Rombach ( DE - 364 ) USS Rombach ( DE - 364 ) was a John C . Butler - class destroyer escort acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II . The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy , in addition to other tasks as assigned , such as patrol or radar picket . " Rombach " was named after Severin Louis Rombach who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his brave actions during the Battle of Midway . She was laid down 20 March 1944 by Consolidated Steel Corp . , Orange , Texas ; launched 6 June 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Severin L . Rombach , widow of " Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Rombach " ; and commissioned 20 September 1944 , Lt . Comdr . Calvert Burke Gill in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . Following shakedown off Bermuda , she departed Boston , Massachusetts , 29 November and arrived at Manus , Admiralty Islands , 7 January 1945 . From 24 January to 2 March , " Rombach " escorted convoys between Hollandia , New Guinea , and Leyte Gulf , Philippine Islands . Then she served in the Manila Bay area , Luzon , Philippine Islands . Beginning 26 April , " Rombach " spent a month with the Local Naval Defense Foree , Lingayen Gulf , Luzon , Philippine Islands . She resumed operations with her escort division from 27 May to 8 August , operating in a hunter - killer group off the western coast of Luzon . " Rombach " next served as part of a carrier hunter - killer group patrolling the Leyte - Okinawa convoy routes north of Luzon until after the cessation of hostilities , 14 August 1945 . End - of - war activity . Employed in air - sea rescue operations during the latter part of August , " Rombach " was engaged in occupational landings on 5 September at Jinsen , Korea ; on 1 October at Taku , China , and on 5 October at Tsingtao . She then served with the " Magic Carpet " fleet from 8 October to 22 November escorting transports to East China ports where servicemen were embarked for return to the United States . Post - war Naval Reserve training assignment . In July 1946 " Rombach " was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Seattle , Washington , for the training of Naval Reserves . In addition to regular training duties for Reservists of the 13th Naval District , " Rombach " participated in PhibPac exercises in 1952 and 1953 and spent 8 weeks each year from 1952 to 1957 as a school ship at the Fleet Sonar School , San Diego , California . Final decommissioning . On 9 January 1958 she decommissioned at Bremerton , Washington , where she remained until 1 March 1972 . At that time she was stricken from the Navy list after an INSURV inspection team determined her unfit for further service . On 19 December 1972 she was sold for scrapping .
Robert B . Brown Private Robert B . Brown ( born October 2 , 1844 ) was an American sailor who fought in the American Civil War . Brown received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Missionary Ridge in Tennessee on November 25 , 1863 . He was honored with the award on 27 March 1890 . Biography . Brown was born in New Concord , Ohio on 2 October 1844 . He enlisted into the 15th Ohio Infantry at Zanesville .
Hugh Kidder Hugh P . Kidder ( 1897 – October 3 , 1918 ) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps during World War I . Biography . Born in Waukon , Iowa , Kidder was awarded the Croix de Guerre with palm and star during World War I for courage and endurance while carrying orders to advanced positions under violent machine gun fire during a period of 9 days . Lt . Kidder was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism near Blanch Mont , France , October 2 , 1918 when he led a small patrol into enemy trenches and captured two strong machine gun positions . First Lieutenant Kidder was killed in action 3 October attempting to better his position in the face of heavy machine gun and artillery fire . Namesake . USS " Kidder " ( DD - 319 ) was named for him .
Ernst Graf Strachwitz Ernst Graf Strachwitz von Groß Zauche und Camminetz ( 22 December 1919 - 13 July 1998 ) was a German Army officer , Austrian politician and lawyer . Strachwitz was born and raised in Wöbling in the municipality Laßnitzhöhe in Styria . Strachwitz joined the Gebirgsjäger in 1938 , fought as a paratrooper at the Battle of Narvik , on the Western Front and was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 November 1944 , while serving in Finland . He finished the war as Major and bataillon commander with the 2nd Mountain Division . After the War he became a lawyer in Vienna , went into politics and served as a member of the National Council of Austria from 1949 to 1953 for the Austrian People ' s Party . He was a distant nephew of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross - Zauche und Camminetz .
Zhang Shijie Zhang Shijie ( 張世傑 ) was a 13th - century Chinese admiral and government official during the Mongol invasion of China . Born to a prosperous family in Hebei , Zhang ' s family moved into Song China because his father had committed a crime in Jin . Zhang Shijie gained his position after passing his civil service examination , eventually becoming a successful administrator overseeing civil , military , and naval duties for the Southern Song . After the fall of the capital Lin ' an ( modern day Hangzhou ) , Zhang commanded the Song naval forces during the Mongol invasion of China in 1276 , and served as the last commander of the Song fleet , during the attempt to escort Emperor Bing of Song and other Imperial officials as they fled the Mongols in 1279 . However , Zhang ' s fleet was intercepted by Mongol forces off the coast of Xinhui and the difference between army sizes led it to being destroyed at the Battle of Yamen on March 19 , 1279 , with the Emperor and his Prime Minister Lu Xiufu committing suicide following their defeat . Although Zhang was able to escape with his remaining ships , he was said to have died a few days later during a storm at sea . Although his fate remains a mystery , many suggest his death was simply Mongolian propaganda , as the remains of his fleet were never found . Along with Lu Xiufu and Wen Tianxiang , Zhang is considered one of the " Three heroes of the late Song Dynasty " .
M151 Protector The M151 PROTECTOR Remote Weapon Station is a remotely - controlled weapons station ( RWS ) that can be mounted to vehicles and stationary platforms . It is manufactured by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Kongsberg , Norway . The PROTECTOR is commonly used by the US Army Stryker Brigades . Overview . The system consists of a stabilized firing platform , a fire control system and control grips . Several weapons can be mounted to the platform , such as : The system , also features 4 M6 Smoke Grenade Dischargers . Operator countries . In addition to the home country ' s M113 APC and Tactica vehicles ( PROTECTOR NM221 ) , and the Iveco LMV ( PROTECTOR Lite ) , the PROTECTOR is widely used internationally . Current operators : " ( listed alphabetically ) " Planned operators :
Civilian Resistance Medal The Civilian Resistance Medal ( , ) was a war service medal of the Kingdom of Belgium established by royal decree on 21 March 1951 and awarded to all members of the Belgian civilian resistance during the Second World War who were recognised as such by the law of 24 September 1946 . Award description . The Civilian Resistance Medal was a circular 39mm in diameter bronze medal . Its obverse bore the relief image of the torso of a man breaking free of chains around his wrists , a woman stands behind him and slightly to his left . The reverse bore the relief inscription in Latin " RESTITERUNT " meaning " I RESISTED " with the years " 1940 " above and " 1945 " below . The reverse had a slightly raised border . The medal was suspended by a ring through a suspension loop from a 37mm wide light green silk moiré ribbon with two central 1mm wide red stripes 5mm apart and 4mm black edge stripes . The colours of the ribbon were symbolic , the black denoting the dark days of the German occupation and / or the clandestine nature of the resistance , the green stood the hope of liberation and the red for the spilled blood of the resistance members .
Washington National Guard Museum The Washington National Guard Museum , also known as The Arsenal Museum , is a military museum of the Washington National Guard . It is located at the Washington National Guard headquarters at Camp Murray visible from Interstate 5 near Lakewood , Washington . The museum is run by Washington National Guard State Historical Society volunteers . Collection . The collection includes ( inside ) military artifacts and memorabilia including National Guard weapons , uniforms and diaries dating back to World War I ; and outside , static displays including an M47 Patton tank , F - 101 Voodoo jet fighter , and AH - 1 Cobra attack helicopter . The Arsenal . The building housing the museum , The Arsenal , was built in 1915 – 1916 . It predates the nearby Lewis Army Museum , just as the National Guard ' s Camp Murray is a generation older than the adjacent and larger Fort Lewis ( now Joint Base Lewis - McChord ) .
German submarine U - 370 German submarine " U - 370 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out twelve patrols before being scuttled in northern Germany in May 1945 . She sank two warships . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 25 August 1942 at the " Flensburger Schiffsbau " yard at Flensburg as ' werk ' 493 , launched on 28 July 1942 and commissioned on 12 November under the command of " Oberleutnant " Karl Nielsen . She served with the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 19 November 1943 , the 8th flotilla from 1 August 1944 and was back with the 4th flotilla on 16 February 1945 . " U - 370 " spent her entire career in the relatively confined waters of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland . 1st - 5th patrols . The boat ' s first patrol was preceded by trips from Kiel to Marviken and then back to Kiel , from where she departed on 9 July 1944 . She sailed through the Baltic and into the Gulf of Finland , arriving at Reval , ( now Tallinn in Estonia ) , on 12 July . She spent the rest of her career in the " Ostsee " , sinking the Soviet Patrol boat " MO - 101 " in Björkö Sound on 31 July 1944 during her fifth patrol . 6th - 12th patrols . During her ninth sortie " Matrosengefreiter " Erwin Stiegeler was swept overboard in the Baltic on 23 September 1944 . It was while on her eleventh foray that she sank the Finnish minelayer " Louhi " ( 12 January 1945 ) . Fate . " U - 370 " was scuttled in Gelting Bay ( east of Flensburg ) on 5 May 1945 . The wreck was broken up in 1948 .
Wharton Hall Wharton Hall in Wharton , Cumbria , England , is a medieval fortified manor house . History . At the heart of Wharton Hall is a 15th - century hall , built from local limestone by the local Wharton , possibly Richard Wharton . During the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 the manor was besieged by the forces of Robert Aske and after 1544 Lord Thomas Wharton extended and fortified the manor , building a gatehouse , great hall , kitchen and surrounding walls in a medieval style . The result was a grand property , with the great hall 68 feet long . The Wharton family preferred to use Healaugh Priory as their main house after the 16th century , and the property fell into ruined . In the 18th century , Lord Lonsdale restored the building in 1785 , adding additional battlements . It was restored again in the 20th century to its current condition . This site is a scheduled monument and grade I listed building .
Rules of engagement Rules of Engagement ( ROE ) are rules or directives to military forces ( including individuals ) that define the circumstances , conditions , degree , and manner in which force , or actions which might be construed as provocative , may be applied . They provide authorization for and / or limits on , among other things , the use of force and the employment of certain specific capabilities . In some nations , ROE have the status of guidance to military forces , while in other nations , ROE are lawful commands . Rules of Engagement do not normally dictate how a result is to be achieved but will indicate what measures may be unacceptable . While ROE are used in both domestic and international operations by most militaries , in the United States , ROE are not used for domestic operations . Instead , use of force by US forces in such situations is governed by Rules for the Use of Force ( RUF ) . An abbreviated description of the Rules of Engagement may be issued to all personnel . Commonly referred to as an " ROE Card " , this document provides the soldier with a summary of the ROE regulating the use of force for a particular mission . Authoritative sources . While many countries have their own rules of engagement documents , many others do not . There are two primary international rules of engagement manuals that are internationally available ; NATO ROE Manual MC 362 - 1 , and the San Remo Rules of Engagement Handbook . Of the two , only the San Remo Handbook is publicly available . Created for the IIHL by Commander Alan Cole , Major Phillip Drew , Captain Rob McLaughlin and Professor Dennis Mandsager , the San Remo ROE Handbook has been translated from its English original into French , Chinese , Arabic , Spanish , Hungarian , Russian , Bosnian , and Thai . Several countries have used the San Remo handbook as a model for creating their own ROE systems . Training . The International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo , Italy conducts a Rules of Engagement training course at least once per year , usually in September . Taught by some of the world ' s foremost authorities on ROE , the course attracts students from around the globe . Similar training by the San Remo ROE drafting team is conducted for the United Nations , the IMO and other organizations as requested .
Kalispell Air Force Station Kalispell Air Force Station ( ADC ID : TM - 179 , NORAD ID : Z - 179 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located south of Kalispell , Montana . It was closed in 1978 by the Air Force , and turned over to the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) . Today the site is part of the Joint Surveillance System ( JSS ) , designated by NORAD as Western Air Defense Sector ( WADS ) Ground Equipment Facility J - 78 . History . Kalispell Air Force Station came into existence as part of Phase III of the Air Defense Command Mobile Radar program . On October 20 , 1953 ADC requested a third phase of twenty - five radar sites be constructed . The 716th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was assigned to the new station on 1 May 1959 . The squadron started operations with an AN / FPS - 7 B search radar and a pair of AN / FPS - 90 height - finder radars in 1961 , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . During 1960 Kalispell AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , initially feeding data to DC - 20 at Malmstrom AFB , Montana . After joining , the squadron was re - designated as the 716th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 15 October 1960 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . On 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 179 . An AN / FPS - 26 FD height - finder radar was to have replaced one of the height - finder radars , but was never installed . One AN / FPS - 90 was decommissioned in 1969 . In addition to the main facility , Kalispell operated several AN / FPS - 14 Gap Filler sites : Over the years , the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars . The 716th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) was inactivated on 1 April 1978 as part of the draw down of Aerospace Defense Command , and the station turned over to the FAA , becoming a JSS site . Circa 1977 the AN / FPS - 90 was modified to an AN / FPS - 116 . In the early 1980s the AN / FPS - 7B was replaced by an ARSR - 3 search radar . The AN / FPS - 116 was removed c . 1988 . In the late 1990s , an ARSR - 4 replaced the ARSR - 3 . The site remains in use as a JSS site today
USS Bauxite ( IX - 154 ) USS " Bauxite " ( IX - 154 ) , a designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for bauxite , a mineral compound of several hydrous aluminum oxides . Her keel was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract ( T . B7 D1 , MC hull 1326 ) on 9 July 1943 at San Francisco , California , by Barrett and Hilp , Belair Shipyard . She was launched on 11 October sponsored by Mrs . E . J . Rapley , acquired by the Navy on 22 June 1944 , and placed in service the same day with Lieutenant Aubie R . Robertson in command . Service history . Assigned to the Service Force , Pacific Fleet , as a floating storage facility for general naval stores and provisions , " Bauxite " served at advanced naval bases in the Pacific theater , issuing supplies to ships as needed . The concrete barge was one of 13 controlled by Service Squadron 10 . She carried over 7 , 000 different items and served an average of 600 ships a month . With a diesel electric power plant , she was able to generate her own power for refrigeration , cooking , lighting , ventilation , and distilling water . The barges provided much needed storage space afloat and released a number of self - propelled cargo ships to carry supplies to the forward areas . Following the war , " Bauxite " was towed to Shanghai , China , where she continued to serve as a stores barge until authorized for disposal . She was sold at Shanghai to a Chinese purchaser in May 1947 , and her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 23 June 1947 .
Europa ( AK - 81 ) " Europa " ( AK - 81 ) was never commissioned and thus never bore the USS designation . The ship was laid down 2 March 1942 as MV " William Lester , a Maritime Commission type ( N3 - M - A1 ) hull , under Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 464 ) , at the Penn - Jersey Shipbuilding Company of Camden , New Jersey and launched 7 December 1942 . Assigned to the Navy as Europa " ( AK - 81 ) , named for Europa , the smallest of the Galilean moons of planet Jupiter , scheduled to become an . She was delivered to the Navy uncompleted 24 November 1943 ; transferred the next day , 25 November 1943 , to the United States Army ; stricken from Navy lists 6 December 1943 . The ship , renamed Thomas F . Farrel Jr . , after an Engineering officer killed in the war , began conversion in December , 1943 to an Engineer Port Repair ship manned by a military crew under the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers . The ship did not complete conversion until 30 April 1944 and did not sail for Europe until late summer . The ship was one of the port repair ships making it to Europe in time to assist in the restoration of ports . " Thomas F . Farrel Jr . " was disposed of by Maritime Administration sale 11 March 1965 and was scrapped in 1967 .
488th Bombardment Squadron The 488th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 340th Bombardment Wing , stationed at Whiteman Air Force Base , Missouri . . It was inactivated on 1 September 1963 . History . Established as a B - 25 Mitchell medium bomber squadron in mid - 1942 , trained by Third Air Force in the southeastern United States . Deployed to IX Bomber Command in Egypt initially in March 1943 via Air Transport Command South Atlantic Route through Caribbean , Brazil , Liberia , Central Africa and Sudan , then reassigned to Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) , and to XII Bomber Command in Tunisia . Supported Allied ground forces in Tunisian Campaign ; participated in Invasions of Sicily and Italy during 1943 , supporting Allied ground forces with tactical bombing of enemy targets . Participated in liberation of Corsica during the spring of 1944 , then returned to Italy engaging in attacks on enemy ground forces and targets in the Po Valley during the spring of 1945 . Personnel demobilized in Italy during summer of 1945 ; squadron returned to the United States , being prepared for deployment to Pacific Theater for use as a tactical bomb squadron in programmed Invasion of Japan . Japanese capitulation led to squadron ' s inactivation in November 1945 . Activated as an A - 26 Invader squadron in the postwar Air Force reserves in 1947 ; inactivated in 1949 due to budget reductions . Reactivated in October 1952 as a Strategic Air Command B - 47 Stratojet squadron . Initially equipped with prototypes of the Boeing RB - 47B Stratojet ( YRB - 47 ) to perform long - range photo - reconnaissance with a flight of B - 29 Superfortress bombers assigned . In November 1953 began to receive production B - 47E medium bomber aircraft ; prototype reconnaissance aircraft already received exchanged for medium bomber versions . Participated in SAC REFLEX deployments to Europe and North Africa throughout the 1950s and 1960s . In 1963 with the phaseout of the B - 47 the aircraft sent to storage at Davis - Monthan and inactivated .
William G . Fournier William Grant Fournier ( June 21 , 1913 – January 13 , 1943 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Fournier joined the Army from Winterport , Maine in September 1940 , and by January 10 , 1943 was serving as a Sergeant in Company M , 35th Infantry Regiment , 25th Infantry Division . During a Japan ese attack on that day , at Mount Austen , Guadalcanal , in the Solomon Islands , he refused an order to withdraw after many men in his unit had been killed or wounded and , with fellow soldier Technician Fifth Grade Lewis Hall , stayed behind to man a machine gun . Hall was killed at the gun , while Fournier was badly wounded and died three days later . Both men were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on June 5 , 1943 . Fournier , aged 29 at his death , was buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu , Hawaii . Medal of Honor citation . Sergeant Fournier ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty . As leader of a machinegun section charged with the protection of other battalion units , his group was attacked by a superior number of Japanese , his gunner killed , his assistant gunner wounded , and an adjoining guncrew put out of action . Ordered to withdraw from this hazardous position , Sgt . Fournier refused to retire but rushed forward to the idle gun and , with the aid of another soldier who joined him , held up the machinegun by the tripod to increase its field action . They opened fire and inflicted heavy casualties upon the enemy . While so engaged both these gallant soldiers were killed , but their sturdy defensive was a decisive factor in the following success of the attacking battalion .