naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin - Gatow The Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr - Flugplatz Berlin - Gatow ( " Bundeswehr Museum of Military History - Berlin - Gatow Airfield " ; formally known as " Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr " ) , is the Berlin branch of the Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr . The museum acts as an independent military department . Entrance to the museum is free . The museum is in Berlin at a former Luftwaffe and Royal Air Force ( RAF ) airfield , RAF Gatow . The focus is on military history , particularly the history of the Luftwaffe of the Bundeswehr . The museum has a collection of more than 200 , 000 items , including 155 aeroplanes , 5 , 000 uniforms and 30 , 000 books . There are also displays ( including aeroplanes ) on the history of the airfield when it was used by the RAF . Aircraft include World War I planes like the Fokker E . III as reproductions , as well as World War II planes like the Bf 109 as well as at least one aircraft of every type ever to serve in the air forces of East and West Germany . Most of those postwar aircraft are stored outside on the tarmac and runways , however , and many are in bad condition . There are long term restoration projects , including a Focke - Wulf Fw 190 .
Wemyss Castle Wemyss Castle ( pronounced [ wi : ms ] ) is situated on the cliffs between the villages of East Wemyss and West Wemyss in Fife , Scotland . History . Accounts date the construction of the castle to the year 1421 when Sir John Wemyss decided to build a fortified castle to replace one destroyed by the Duke of Rothesay at Kilconquhar in 1402 . The castle is thus the ancient seat of the Earls of Wemyss and their families . Historically , the castle is perhaps best known as the location where Mary , Queen of Scots , met her future husband Lord Darnley in 1565 . Architecture . Wemyss is an imposing castle sitting high atop cliffs with a view out over the Firth of Forth . Two particular points of interest are that one of the towers from an earlier building has been re - used , first as a windmill and later as a dovecote . There is also an oval - shaped dungeon within the castle , connected to the building by a 30m zigzag passage . Wemyss castle was restored in the 1950s and remains a residence to this day . Indeed , members of today ' s Royal Family , including the Queen , have visited . Ghosts . Some believe Wemyss possesses , like a number of Scottish Castles , a " Green Lady " . Green , in Scotland at any rate , has always been an unlucky colour , associated with death and misfortune . Particularly unfortunate is the girl who wears green on her wedding day . In the case of Wemyss , the ghost is that of a young woman wearing a trailing dress of green silk which rustles as she floats along the corridors within the castle . It is reported that her ghost has not in fact been seen for some years now , but no explanation for this is recorded .
John B . Rice John Birchard Rice ( June 23 , 1832 – January 14 , 1893 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio . Biography . Born in Fremont , Ohio , Rice attended the common schools of Lower Sandusky ( now Fremont ) and Oberlin College , Ohio . He graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1857 . He took a post - graduate course at Jefferson Medical College , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and at Bellevue Hospital , New York City in 1859 . He was a lecturer on military surgery and obstetrics in the Charity Hospital Medical College and the medical department of the University of Wooster in Cleveland , Ohio . Rice served on the medical staff during the Civil War as assistant surgeon of the Tenth and then as surgeon of the Seventy - second regiments of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry . He was also surgeon in chief of a division in the Fifteenth Army Corps and of the District of Memphis . After the war , he was appointed a trustee of the state hospital in Toledo , Ohio . He served as member of the Board of Health of Fremont , Ohio . Rice was elected as a Republican to the Forty - seventh Congress ( March 4 , 1881 – March 3 , 1883 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1882 . He engaged in the practice of medicine in Fremont . He died in Fremont , and was interred in Oakwood Cemetery . He died from Bright ' s disease . Family . Rice was the second son of Dr . Robert S . and Eliza Ann ( Caldwell ) Rice . He was married to Sarah Wilson on December 12 , 1861 . They had two children named Lizzie , born 1865 , and Wilson , born 1875 .
Ulfberht Ulfberht is a name given to unique Viking sword s used throughout Scandinavia more than a thousand years ago . The standard of their unique , high - quality steel remained unparalleled until the Industrial Revolution . Alan Williams , an archaeometallurgist and consultant to the Wallace Collection , claimed that the Ulfberht was " the greatest sword ever made " , surpassing weapons such as the katana and longsword . 171 such swords have been found so far , but only a few of these have been proven to be authentic Ulfberht swords . The earliest date from 850 . Creation . Little information is available about the fabrication of these swords . However , modern tests have revealed that genuine Ulfberht swords were forged from steel sourced from Afghanistan and Iran . While most medieval weapons were made of soft iron with a low level of carbon , the steel used to fabricate an Ulfberht had a much higher level of carbon and less slag . This made the weapon more flexible and reliable , as well as easier to remove from enemy shields . Some Ulfberht swords bear the quality of modern steel rather than medieval steel . It is theorized that this technology was first acquired by Vikings who travelled to Central Asia , and then improved upon . Using a speculated method , modern - day blacksmith Richard Furrer successfully made a replica of an Ulfberht . Usage . The Ulfberht was probably a very rare weapon only carried by elite warriors and chieftains , giving its user a great advantage over common weapons of the Viking age made of lower quality steel . Although of a similar size and shape , the Ulfberht was far more durable than a common Viking sword and penetrated armor more easily . The only physical difference that can be seen with the eye is the inscription " + ULFBERH + T " close to the hilt . The purity of the steel is not evident to the naked eye . Its primary purpose was to break through an enemy ' s shield and chain mail armor ; an Ulfberht ' s blade was very flexible compared to other weapons of the time and would not easily get stuck after penetrating wood or steel , giving the wielder a chance to move on quickly after cutting down a foe . The name . This type of sword is known by the Frankish word " Ulfberht " because of the inlaid inscription on the lower part of the blade , spelling " + ULFBERH + T " or + ULFBERHT + ( that was used in swords made from lower - quality steel ) in Latin letters . The name itself is shrouded in mystery and there is no record as to who or what " Ulfberht " referred — the most common hypothesis is that it was the name of a swordsmith who passed the craft onto apprentices or family members . It was possibly the name of a group of craftsmen . However , Ulfberht seems to have been a known " brand " and swords with different lettering ( such as + ULFBERHT + ) exist as inferior copies , being crafted of normal medieval steel . A real Ulfberht brand had + ULFBERH + T lettering .
Cedric Fauntleroy Cedric Fauntleroy ( 1891 – 1973 ) ( sometimes also " Cedric Faunt le Roy " ) was an American pilot who in 1919 volunteered to serve in the Polish Air Force during the Polish - Soviet War . Fauntleroy was an air combat veteran of the Western Front in World War I . He was among the best pilots of the Polish 7th Air Escadrille , dubbed the " Kościuszko Escadrille " ( the Kosciuszko Squadron ) ; he was promoted to colonel and he received Poland ' s highest military decoration : the Virtuti Militari . The Kosciuszko Squadron made over 400 combat flights against forces from the Soviet Union and their allies . The Kosciuszko was named in honor of Tadeusz Kościuszko , a Polish officer who fought under Gen . George Washington during the American Revolution .
German submarine U - 158 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 158 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 1 November 1940 by AG Weser in Bremen as ' werk ' 1000 . She was commissioned on 25 September 1941 , with " Kapitänleutnant " Erwin Rostin ( Knights Cross ) in command . Career . " U - 158 " conducted only two combat patrols , sinking 17 ships totalling 101 , 321 tons and damaging two others totalling 15 , 264 tons . 1st patrol . " U - 158 " departed the German administered island of Helgoland , ( sometimes spelt ' Heligoland ' ) , for her first patrol on 7 February 1942 . Her route took her north of the British Isles , through the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and into the Atlantic Ocean . Her first victim was the " Empire Celt " , sunk about south southeast of St Johns on 24 February . The ship broke in two after being hit , the stern section was last seen on 4 March . In the same attack , the U - boat also damaged the " Diloma " . This tanker was able to proceed under her own power at reduced speed . She was repaired in Baltimore and returned to service in June 1942 . The submarine then moved further down the US east coast . She sank another four ships and damaged one more , they were : the " Finnanger " ( 1 March ) , the " Caribsea " ( 11 March ) , the " John D . Gill " ( 13 March ) , the " Olean " ( damaged on 15 March ) and the " Ario " ( also on 15 March ) . < br > The " John D . Gill " was another tanker ; her cargo did not ignite on being hit by a torpedo . Instead , the surrounding water was turned into a blazing inferno by a seaman who subsequently threw a life ring overboard , its built - in carbide lamp had functioned . Almost half the crew died . < br > The " Olean " was towed to Hampton Roads , rebuilt and renamed as the " Sweep " and returned to service . Having caused so much mayhem , the boat sailed for France , arriving at Lorient on 31 March 1942 . 2nd patrol . For her second foray , " U - 158 " moved into the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico in May 1942 . On the way she sank the " Darina " about east southeast of Bermuda on 4 May and the " Frank B . Baird " on the 22nd . Following the sinking of the " Knoxville City " on 2 June , the survivors in their lifeboats declined an offer of help from the " Jamaica " as they thought the German submarine was still nearby . The " Hermis " , despite being hit by two torpedoes on the 7th , maintained a speed of eight knots due to the engines still running . The U - boat surfaced and shelled the ship . She was observed some twelve hours later with her stern out of the water ; she eventually sank shortly afterward . Fate . " U - 158 " was sunk with all 54 hands on 30 June 1942 , west of the Bermudas , in position , by depth charge s from a PBM Mariner aircraft commanded by Richard Schreder of United States Navy Squadron VP - 74 .
Gotha G . VI The Gotha G . VI was an experimental bomber aircraft designed and built in Germany during World War I . Development . The Gotha G . VI was an experimental bomber developed from the Gotha G . V . Using the standard wing cellule from the Gotha G . V the G . VI became what was probably the first ' asymmetric aircraft to be built . In an effort to reduce drag Hans Burkhard , the chief designer at Gotha , studied various configurations of fuselage and engine nacelle for multi - engined aircraft . He concluded that drag could be reduced dramatically if the number of bodies creating drag could be reduced , on September 22 , 1915 , Burkhard obtained German Patent number 300 676 for his unusual design . Using the wing from a Gotha G . V Burkhard moved an engine to the front of the fuselage , driving a tractor propeller , and moved it to lie over the port main undercarriage supports . The second engine was moved to the rear of a nacelle , driving a pusher propeller , offset to a lesser degree to starboard , to compensate for differing drag characteristics , the forward end of the nacelle housed a cockpit for a gunner armed with a flexible machine - gun that extended forward of the tractor propeller in the port fuselage . Flight tests commenced in the summer of 1918 , with the only major problem being buffeting of the tail unit , but were interrupted when the aircraft nosed over , repairs were not carried out to the first prototype . The buffeting of the tailunit was to have been alleviated by fitting an asymmetric tailplane , offset to port , on the second prototype which was not completed before the Armistice . The second prototype is reputed to have been destroyed before it could be requisitioned by the Inter - Allied Control Commission .
Richard Rudolf Richard Rudolf was an Oberscharführer in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Richard Rudolf was born on 16 April 1923 in Hermsdorf in Saxony . During World War II he was a platoon commander in the 12th SS Panzer Regiment 12th SS panzer Division " Hitlerjugend " . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross for his bravery in the Battle of Normandy fighting at the Carpiquet airfield just outside of Caen . Richard Rudolf survived the war and died on the 13 December 2004 , in Schönau .
Operation Fischreiher Operation Fischreiher ( German for Heron ) was an extension to Operation Blue II during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II . General Friedrich Paulus ' 6th Army , and part of the 4th Panzer Army under General Hermann Hoth , was to advance across the Don river towards the city of Stalingrad on the Western bend of the Volga river . The original operational plans had called for a defensive line on the Don river by Army Group B , while Army Group A under General List was to advance south towards the oil fields in the Caucasus . The diversion of Operation Fischreiher became an offensive in its own right , to the detriment of the drive south by Army Group A . The forces under General Paulus were very modest for the task assigned to them , especially since the Soviets were determined not to lose Stalingrad by forming the Stalingrad front on July 12 , 1942 . The 6th Army came up against the first defensive lines on August 17 , and were thereafter locked in vicious street fighting without quarter for the next months until they reached their offensive limit on November 18 . After this date , the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army were on the defensive after their lines of communication with Army Group B were cut by a sudden Soviet pincer movement from General Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin ' s South - West front and General Andrey Yeryomenko ' s Stalingrad front , whose forces met in the German rear on between Kalach and Sovetskiy on November 23 , 1942 .
John Keith Wells John Keith Wells ( born 1922 ) was a United States Marine during World War II who led , what is believed to be the most decorated platoon in Marine history , 3rd Platoon , 28th Marines , 5th Marine Division . This platoon was made famous for its attack on Mt . Suribachi and for raising the first flag on the summit . Before Iwo Jima . Wells was raised in north Texas . He attended Texas A & M College from 1940 to 1942 . He joined the Marine Corps in March 1942 and was selected for Officer Candidate School ( OCS ) shortly thereafter . Upon completion of OCS , Wells completed Marine Parachute Training School in August 1943 . Lt . Wells was then deployed to Guadalcanal with the 1st Marine Regiment in December 1943 . After his return from Guadalcanal , Wells was given command of 3rd Platoon , Easy Company , 28th Marines , 5th Marine Division . He is quoted as saying " give me 50 Marines not afraid to die and I can take any position " . Iwo Jima . Lt . Wells landed on the island of Iwo Jima and was quickly given the task of leading an assault at the base of Mt . Suribachi . It was during this attack that Wells was awarded the Navy Cross ( the 2nd highest award for valor ) . Part of his citation would read : " by his leadership and indomitable fighting spirit , 1st Lt Wells contributed materially to the destruction of at least twenty - five Japanese emplacements . . . . " . During this attack Wells was wounded and evacuated to a hospital ship . 1st Lt . Wells would escape the hospital ship by convincing a corpsman to supply with him sulfa powder and morphine so he could join his platoon shortly after the first flag raising . Once Wells reached the base of Mt . Suribachi he was helped to the summit by one of the flag raisers , Charles Lindberg . When his commanding officer ( Lt . Col . Chandler Johnson ) learned of this , he ordered Wells to relinquish command of the platoon and return to the aid station . Command was then passed to Sgt . Ernest " Boots " Thomas ( KIA several days later ) . Wells remained on the island , although unable to lead his troops , until the island was declared secure . After World War 2 . After World War II , Wells returned to Texas and enrolled at Texas Tech College and obtained a degree in Petroleum Geology the summer of 1948 . He still works in that field today . In 1959 , 1st Lt . Wells was honorarily retired as a Major in the Marine Reserves . He wrote a memoir about his command of and war time experiences with 3rd Platoon , 28th Marines , 5th Marine Division entitled " Give Me 50 Marines Not Afraid to Die : Iwo Jima " . References . The Bloody Battle for Suribachi : The Amazing Story of Iwo Jima that Inspired Flags of Our Fathers ; Wheeler , Richard . Skyhorse Publishing , October 2007 . The Battle for Iwo Jima ; Wright , Derrick . Sutton Publishing , 1999 .
Capture of Muscat ( 1552 ) The Capture of Muscat occurred in 1552 , when an Ottoman fleet under Piri Reis attacked Muscat , modern Oman , and seized the town from the Portuguese . These events followed the important Ottoman defeat in the Second Siege of Diu in 1546 , which put a stop to their attempts in India , but also the successful Capture of Aden ( 1548 ) , which allowed the Ottomans to resist to the Portuguese in the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean . The city , before then a possession of the King of Hormuz , had been in Portuguese hands since 1507 , when a Portuguese fleet under Afonso de Albuquerque attacked the city , destroyed it , and then back soon after to occupy it . The Ottomans attempted to intervene against the Portuguese presence , and four Ottoman ships bombarded the city in 1546 . The city would again be attacked by the Ottomans in 1552 with a larger fleet under Piri Reis and Seydi Ali Reis . The ultimate objective was to seize the islands of Hormuz and Bahrain , in order to block Portuguese access to the Persian Gulf and thus reestablish Ottoman control of the Indian Ocean Trade . The Ottoman force consisted in 4 galleons , 25 galleys , and 850 troops ( according to Diogo do Couto , the Ottomans had 15 galleys and 1200 troops ) . The recently built Fort Al - Mirani was besieged for 18 days with one piece of Ottoman artillery brought on top of a ridge . Lacking food and water , the 60 Portuguese garrison and its commander , João de Lisboa , agreed to surrender , only to be taken as captives . The fort was captured and its fortifications destroyed . Soon however the Ottomans departed . Ultimately , they managed to occupy and control the coasts of Yemen , Aden and Arabia , as far north as Basra , so as to facilitate their trade with India . The Ottoman again attacked the Portuguese possessions of the coast of India in 1553 , with a raid on the Pearl Fishery Coast of South India around Tuticorin . They were assisted by the Marakkar Muslims of Malabar , and had the tacit agreement of Vittula Nayak of Madurai . 52 Portuguese were captured at Punnaikayal , and churches burnt down . The Ottomans failed however in 1553 against a Portuguese fleet at sea near al - Fahl . Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys would be taken in an ambush by Portuguese forces while he was trying to bring back his float from Basra to Suez in August 1554 . Three Ottoman galleys would again occupy Muscat in 1581 , and let the population escape , before the city again fell into Portuguese hands .
James Stephens Bulloch James Stephens Bulloch ( 1793 — February 18 , 1849 ) was an early Georgia settler and planter . He was the maternal grandfather of Theodore Roosevelt and a great - grandfather of Eleanor Roosevelt . Major Bulloch was a grandson of Georgia governor Archibald Bulloch . He was born in Savannah , Georgia to Captain James Bulloch II ( 1765 — February 9 , 1806 ) and Ann Irvine ( January 14 , 1770 — 1810 ) . He and an elder brother , John Irvine Bulloch , and two younger sisters , Jane Bulloch and Ann Bulloch . Major Bulloch first married Hester Amarintha " Hettie " Elliott ( 1797 — February 1831 ) , daughter of Senator John Elliott and his first wife Esther Dunwoody . They had two sons : After Hettie died , Major Bulloch married on May 8 , 1832 Martha " Patsy " Stewart ( 1799 — October 30 , 1964 ) , the second wife and widow of Senator John Elliott . Her parents were General Daniel Stewart and Susannah Oswald . James and Patsy had four children : Irvine was born in Cobb County after they moved from Savannah . Major Bulloch moved his family in 1839 to north Georgia to partner with Roswell King in establishing a cotton mill . There in what would become Roswell , James Stephens built Bulloch Hall in 1840 with the labor of slaves . Bulloch cultivated cotton as well until his death in 1849 . According to the 1850 Slave Schedules , Patsy , again a widow , still held 31 slaves . Bulloch Hall has been restored and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
143 Squadron , Republic of Singapore Air Force The 143 Squadron " Phoenix " of the Republic of Singapore Air Force currently operates twelve F - 16 Fighting Falcon of the F - 16C / D Block 52 version . Based in Tengah Airbase , it specialises in intercepting aerial targets , assisting the air - to - ground operations of sister squadron , the 140 Squadron . Named after the Phoenix , the squadron goes by the motto " " We Dare " " . History . First formed in 1975 , the squadron first flew the A - 4 Skyhawk from Changi Airbase before moving to Tengah later the same year . In the late 1980 , it was the first to operate the newly upgraded version of the A - 4 aircraft , locally known as the A - 4SU Super Skyhawk . The squadron switched to the F - 16s when the newer aircraft took over the main combat roles of the RSAF .
Defense Prisoner of War / Missing Personnel Office The Defense Prisoner of War / Missing Personnel Office ( DPMO ) , as part of the United States Department of Defense , reports to the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy through the Assistant Secretary of Defense ( International Security Affairs ) . DPMO provides centralized management of prisoner of war / missing personnel ( POW / MP ) affairs within the Department of Defense . Activities of the Director of the DPMO include the following :