naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
15 cm schwere Feldhaubitze M 94 The 15 cm schwere Feldhaubitze M 94 was a heavy howitzer used by Austria - Hungary in World War I . It had a bronze barrel and relied on wheel ramps to absorb its recoil . The barrel was modified in 1899 as the M 99 and can be identified by its octagonal shape . Both howitzers could be mounted on a wide variety of carriages to suit their mission , including a carriage only wide for mountain use . Around the start of the 20th century both the M 94 and M 99 were modified to increase their elevation up to 65° . The elevation arc had to be extended and the trunnion mounts and wheels had to be strengthened to withstand the greater recoil forces when firing at high elevation . They were known as the M 94 / 4 and the M 99 / 4 after modification .
Leslie Whateley Dame Leslie Balfour Whateley , DBE , TD ( 28 January 1899 — 4 July 1987 ) was a Director of the Auxiliary Territorial Service ( ATS ) during the Second World War . Early life . She was born on 28 January 1899 as Leslie Violet Lucy Evelyn Wood . She was the granddaughter of Field - Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood , and daughter of Colonel Evelyn Wood . Career . Whateley joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in 1938 and became a junior officer following training at Chelsea Barracks . She served as Deputy Director of the ATS from September 1941 . She was also Director of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts from 1951 to 1964 . In 1948 , her writings were published by Hutchinson Publishing in Melbourne entitled " As thoughts survive " , a monograph with a preface by the then - Princess Royal . Honours . In June 1951 , she was awarded the Territorial Efficiency Decoration ( TD ) for long service in the reserves . In 1965 , she was awarded the " Bronze Wolf " , the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement , awarded by the World Scout Committee " " for exceptional services to world Scouting " " . External links .
89th Airlift Wing The 89th Airlift Wing ( 89 AW ) of the United States Air Force is based at Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility and has an operational force of over 1 , 000 personnel . The 89 AW provides global Special Air Mission ( SAM ) airlift , logistics , aerial port and communications for the President , , Combat Commanders , senior leaders and the global mobility system as tasked by the White House , Chief of Staff of the Air Force , and Air Mobility Command . Mission . " Transporting our nation ' s senior civilian and military leaders to locations around the globe . . . during peace , crisis , and conflict . . . and providing combat ready forces to theater combatant commanders . " History . The 89th provided transition training for pilots from 1942 to 1944 . It trained replacement crews in March – April 1944 . The wing trained in the Reserve for troop carrier operations from June 1949 to May 1951 . It was briefly called into active service in May 1951 to provide personnel to other units during the Korean War . The 89th again trained in the Reserve for fighter - bomber operations from June 1952 to November 1957 . From January 1966 , it served as a special mission airlift wing charged with providing worldwide airlift for the Executive Department and high - ranking dignitaries of the U . S . Government and of foreign governments , as directed . ( In taking over the special airlift mission , it replaced the 1254th Air Transport Wing , which had previously undertaken the task at Andrews from 1 October 1948 to 1966 . ) It assumed an additional mission of controlling all T - 39 administrative airlift within the United States from 1975 to 1978 and continued maintenance support to 1984 . It gained a helicopter squadron in July 1976 and added rescue and medical evacuation ( in the Washington , D . C . area ) to its mission . In October 1976 , the wing began training C - 12 pilots for units in Alaska and Germany , and for duty with defense attaché offices and military assistance units . The 89th was reduced in size in 1977 through transfer of many aircraft and inactivation of units , and became a group on 30 September 1977 . Redesignated in 1980 as a selectively manned wing . In addition to primary mission of airlifting the President , Vice - President , cabinet members , other high U . S . government officials , and foreign dignitaries , the wing frequently participated in humanitarian missions at home and abroad . It provided transport for personnel and supplies to Southwest Asia from 1990 to 1991 . In 1991 , the 89th airlifted home 20 former prisoners of war from Iraqi captivity . It became host wing of Andrews Air Force Base in July 1991 and subsequently relinquished that responsibility to the 316th Wing in 2006 . Components . Groups Squadrons
Edward Fanshawe Admiral Sir Edward Gennys Fanshawe GCB ( 27 November 1814 – 21 October 1906 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Portsmouth . Naval career . Born the nephew of Admiral Sir Arthur Fanshawe and educated at the Royal Naval Academy , Portsmouth where he came second from the top in a very talented year and was commended for both his artistic and writing ability , Fanshawe joined the Royal Navy in 1828 . During the Oriental Crisis of 1840 he took part in the capture of Acre . He was subsequently given command of HMS " Cruiser " and then HMS " Daphne " . He took part in the Crimean War as Captain of HMS " Cossack " . Later he commanded HMS " Hastings " , HMS " Centurion " and then HMS " Trafalgar " . He suffered some health problems from the 1850s , which curtailed his Mediterranean command of the HMS " Centurion " . He was made Superintendent of Chatham Dockyard in 1861 , Third Naval Lord in 1865 and Superintendent of Malta Dockyard in 1868 . He went on to be Commander - in - Chief , North American Station in 1870 , Admiral President of the Royal Naval College , Greenwich in 1875 and Commander - in - Chief , Portsmouth in 1878 . He retired in 1879 . From the early 1850s he and his family lived at Rutland Gate in London . He later moved to 63 Eaton Square and finally to 75 Cromwell Road in Kensington , where he died on Trafalgar Day 1906 . Family . Fanshawe ' s marriage to Jane Cardwell took place in early 1843 ; their four sons included Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Dalrymple Fanshawe , whose son Guy also became a Royal Naval Captain . He also had a daughter , Alice . Wis wife , Jane , was the sister of Edward ( later Lord ) Cardwell , a notable politician and , as Secretary of State for War under William Gladstone in the 1860s , instigator of the ' Cardwell Reforms ' of the British Army .
Montauban - de - Picardie Montauban - de - Picardie is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France . Geography . The commune is situated on the D64 road , some northeast of Amiens . History . First World War . The village lies on the First World War battlefield of the Battle of the Somme . Montauban lay close behind the German front - line and was turned into a fortified strongpoint . On 1 July 1916 , the first day on the Somme , the village was seized by the British 30th Division in one of the few successful British advances of the day . In the village itself there is a monument to the Liverpool and Manchester ' Pals ' , who , as part of the 30th Division , were the first to reach the village .
Petya - class frigate The Petya Class was the NATO reporting name for a class of light frigate s designed in the 1950s and built for the Soviet Navy in the 1960s . The Soviet Designation was Storozhevoi Korabl ( escort ship ) " Project 159 " . Design . They were the first gas turbine powered ships in the Soviet navy . The role of these ships was anti - submarine warfare in shallow waters and they were similar to the Mirka class frigate s . The specification ( TTZ in Russian ) was issued in 1955 and design approved in 1956 . A three shaft machinery layout was chosen with the central shaft powered by diesel engines for economical cruising and the two wing shafts powered by gas turbines for speed . Gun armament was two twin 76mm gun turrets in A and Y positions which were controlled by a single radar director . anti - submarine armament consisted of RBU - 6000 anti - submarine rocket launchers and a launcher for 400 mm anti - submarine torpedoes . Some of the ships designed for export replaced the 400mm torpedo tubes with anti - shipping 533mm torpedo tubes . A comprehensive sonar suite including VDS was fitted . Ships . A total of 54 ships were built in two shipyards : the Kaliningrad Yantar shipyard built 22 ships including exports and Khabarovsk yard built 32 ships including exports . All Soviet ships were decommissioned in 1989 - 1992 but some are still in service with export customers .
French ship Illustre ( 1781 ) The Illustre was a 74 - gun " Magnanime " class ship of the line of the French Navy . She took part in the campaigns of Suffren before staying in Brest between 1788 and 1791 . She was razeed into a 44 - gun frigate in 1793 . In February 1794 , she was renamed Mucius Scévola , and Scévola the next month . She took part in the Expédition d ' Irlande . On 30 December 1796 , she was wrecked in a storm and was so badly damaged that she was scuttled . The crew was evacuated by " Révolution " .
United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia The United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia ( UNOMIL ) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Liberia . It was established in Resolution 866 ( 1993 ) and headquartered in the capital Monrovia . UNOMIL was created as part of the Cotonou Agreement to support the efforts of the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) in Liberia during the First Liberian Civil War ( 1989 – 1996 ) . Its initial mandate was to monitor the implementation of peace agreements between the Liberian parties , investigate ceasefire violations , assist in maintenance of assembly sites and demobilisation of combatants , facilitate humanitarian assistance , investigate violations of human rights and to monitor the electoral process . During its mandate , UNOMIL carried out logistical work while the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group provided security , and undertook public information campaigns with the aim of educating voters . It was superseded by the United Nations Mission in Liberia , established in September 2003 .
M . Z . Kiani Major - General Mohammad Zaman Kiani ( 1 October 1910 – ? ) was an officer of the British Indian Army who joined the Indian National Army and went on to be appointed it ' s Chief of General Staff . A keen Hockey player in his youth , Kiani joined the British Indian Army in 1931 at the Indian Military Academy at Dehra Dun , sitting for the entrance exam in preference over a trial for the Olympic Hockey trials at Calcutta . He won Sword of Honour & Gold Medal for the most outstanding Cadet in 1935 from Indian Military Academy . He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant on the Special List 15 July 1935 and attached to the 2nd battalion , Highland Light Infantry as of 10 August 1935 . He joined the 1st Battalion 14th Punjab Regiment as a Second Lieutenant 24 January 1936 , and was promoted Lieutenant 4 May 1936 . At the start of World War II , he was sent to the south - east Asian theatre and was stationed in the Malayan theatre during World War II when Singapore fell . He later joined the Indian National Army when it was formed in 1942 and was put in charge of the INA at the time of its revival in February 1943 . After the proclamation of Azad Hind under Subhas Chandra Bose , Kiani was appointed the commander of the first division , and later went on to be appointed the Chief of General staff . which had been earlier held by Lt . Col J . K . Bhonsle . At the time of the fall of Rangoon , Kiani led the personnel of the Indian National Army and the Azad Hind Government who , along with Subhas Chandra Bose , marched overland to Bangkok . Kiani surrendered to the British 5th Division at Singapore on 25 August 1945 as the commander of the INA , along with the rest of his troops . and was repatriated to India and interned till 1946 before being cashiered and discharged from the army . Following the Partition of India , Kiani settled in Pakistan , and was later appointed the Political agent of the Government of Pakistan at Gilgit . He wrote his memoirs in retirement in Pakistan . This was published after his death through Mag Gen Chand Narain Das through Sh Sisir Kumar Bose . This is author ' s personal account of the INA .
Service du travail obligatoire The ( ; STO ) was the forced enlistment and deportation of hundreds of thousands of French workers to Nazi Germany in order to work as forced labour for the German war effort during World War II . Formally created under laws and regulations of Vichy France , Nazi Germany set up the STO to compensate for its loss of manpower as it enlisted more and more soldiers for the Eastern Front . The German government promised that for every three French workers sent over , they would release one French prisoner of war . Those requisitioned under the STO were accommodated in work camps on German soil . History . On 22 June 1942 , Prime Minister of France Pierre Laval announced the institution of the " , whereby French workers were encouraged to volunteer to work in Germany to secure the release of French prisoners of war . The law of 4 September 1942 , signed by Marshal of France and Chief of State of Vichy France Philippe Pétain as well as Prime Minister and Head of Government Pierre Laval in his cabinet , was entitled " " " " or " Law of 4 September 1942 on the use and guidance of the workforce " , and required all able - bodied men 18 - 50 and single women 21 - 35 " be subject to do any work that the Government deems necessary " . The law of 16 February 1943 , signed by Prime Minister Laval for Minister of Justice Joseph Barthélemy deemed it necessary that all males over 20 be subject to the " service du travail obligatoire " , which was to be regulated . Regulations were issued the same day and immediately subjected males born between 1920 - 1922 , roughly all males between 20 - 23 , to the service .
Thomas Culling Flight Sub - Lieutenant Thomas Grey Culling was New Zealand ' s first World War I flying ace , and was credited with six aerial victories . Culling was assigned to fly Sopwith Triplane No . N5444 with 1 Naval Squadron after joining the Royal Naval Air Service in 1916 . He began to score victories in Bloody April 1917 , with his first three coming that month . The third one was significant ; it was part of one of the war ' s epic dogfights . On 23 April , Culling was the wingman of the great Australian ace , " Stan " Dallas . The two ANZAC pilots took on a formation of fourteen German planes ; using impeccable air tactics suiting the Triplane ' s technological advantages , the two Naval aces thwarted the pending air offensive in a 45 minute debacle for the Germans that resulted in three losses . Culling went to three more wins in May . He was killed in action by a German naval flier on 8 June 1917 .
Trachenberg Plan The Trachenberg Plan was concocted by Allied commanders in the 1813 German Campaign during the War of the Sixth Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars . The plan advocated avoiding direct engagement with the French emperor , Napoleon I . This resulted from fear of the Emperor ' s now legendary prowess in battle . Consequently the Allies planned to engage and defeat the French Marshal s and Generals separately , and thus weaken his army while they built up an overwhelming force even he could not defeat . It was decided upon after a series of defeats and near disasters by the Coalition at Napoleon ' s hands at the battles of Lützen , Bautzen and Dresden . The plan ultimately worked and at the Battle of Leipzig , where the Allies had a considerable numerical advantage , the Emperor was soundly defeated and driven out of Germany , across the Rhine back into France itself . The plan was the work of the Austrian chief of staff of the allied coalition , Radetzky .
Edwin Sam Major General Edwin Kwamina Sam ( born August 10 , 1940 ) is a member of the Council of State of Ghana . He is also a former Chief of the Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces . Education . Edwin Sam had his secondary school education at the Achimota School between 1955 and 1959 . Career . Sam was a career military officer . He was appointed as the Chief of the Defence Staff briefly between November and December 1979 . Politics . Edwin Sam was appointed onto the Council of State of Ghana due to his position as a former Chief of Defence Staff . Other interests . Major General Sam has interests in farming and military - civilian relations .
Craig R . McKinley General Craig Richard McKinley , USAF ( born May 6 , 1952 ) was the 26th Chief , National Guard Bureau , serving from 2008 to 2012 . He is the first officer from the National Guard to ever achieve the grade of a four - star general . Prior to becoming chief , he served as the Director , Air National Guard from May 2006 to November 17 , 2008 . He retired after being succeeded by Frank J . Grass on September 7 , 2012 . At the ceremony where he transferred authority to his successor , McKinley received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal . McKinley ' s official retirement date was November 1 , 2012 . Military career . As the Chief , National Guard Bureau , General McKinley was the senior uniformed officer of the National Guard of the United States , and the state National Guard , responsible for formulating , developing and coordinating all policies , programs and plans affecting more than half a million federalized and nonfederalized Army National Guard and Air National Guard personnel . Appointed by the President , he served as the principal adviser to the Secretary of the Army , Chief of Staff of the Army , the Secretary of the Air Force , and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force . He also served as the principal National Guard adviser to Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on all National Guard issues . As National Guard Bureau Chief , he served as the Army ' s and Air Force ' s official channel of communication with state governors and Adjutants General concerning state National Guards . General McKinley received his commission in 1974 as a distinguished graduate of the Air Force ROTC program at Southern Methodist University . He has served in numerous assignments in flying and operations , as well as command positions at group , wing , sector and field operating agency levels . He flew 429 with his co - pilot Kevin A . Richardson . He has also served as Commander , 1st Air Force ( 1 AF ) and Commander , Continental U . S . North American Aerospace Defense Command Southeast Region , Tyndall Air Force Base , Florida . General McKinley is a command pilot with over 4 , 000 flight hours , primarily in the T - 38 Talon , F - 106 Delta Dart , F - 16 Fighting Falcon and F - 15 Eagle . Additionally , General McKinley has been pilot in command in the C - 131 Samaritan and C - 130 Hercules Operational Support Airlift aircraft . Flight Information . Pilot wings from Moody Air Force Base , Georgia .
Hans - Jürgen Stumpff Hans - Jürgen Stumpff ( 15 June 1889 – 9 March 1968 ) , was a German general of the Luftwaffe during the Second World War and was one of the signatories to Germany ' s unconditional surrender at the end of the war . Early life . Born in Kolberg , Stumpff entered the " Brandenburgisches Grenadierregiment Nr . 12 " Prinz Karl von Preußen " " as an ensign in 1907 . Promoted to lieutenant in 1908 , by the start of the First World War , Stumpff served in the general staff . At the end of the war Stumpff had reached the rank of captain . During the Weimar Republic , Stumpff served as a staff officer in the Reichswehrministerium . Luftwaffe service . On 1 September 1933 , Stumpff , with rank of lieutenant colonel , became head of personnel in the ( illegal ) Luftwaffe . After the Luftwaffe became formally legal in Germany , Stumpff served as its chief of staff from 1 June 1937 until 1 January 1939 . In 1938 , Stumpff was promoted to the rank of General der Flieger . During the Second World War , Stumpff commanded various Luftflotten . In 19 July 1940 , Stumpff was promoted to the rank of Generaloberst and awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Until the end of 1943 Stumpff commanded Luftflotte 5 , with which he took part in the Battle of Britain , operating out of Norway against Scotland and Northern England . Stumpff was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . In January 1944 , Stumpff commanded " Luftwaffe " forces in the Defense of the Reich campaign against the Allied bombing attacks . On 8 May 1945 , Stumpff served as the Luftwaffe representative at the signing of the unconditional surrender of Germany in Berlin . Stumpff was released from British captivity in 1947 and died in Frankfurt am Main in 1968 .
Lavernock Battery Lavernock Battery was built at Lavernock Point , Wales on the recommendations of the 1859 Royal Commission . It was the most northerly of a chain of defences across the Bristol Channel , protecting the access to Bristol and Cardiff . Completed in 1870 , with three 7 " muzzle loading cannons to protect the channel approaches to Cardiff and Bristol shipyards . Sometime before 1895 the gun battery was reinforced with a fourth cannon only for all four guns to be replaced eight years later by two rapid fire six inch ( 152 mm ) breech - loading former naval guns in 1903 . A two unit searchlight battery was added during the Second World War . The World War II gun emplacements formed part of the " Fixed Defences , Severn Scheme " and protected the Atlantic shipping convoy de - grouping zone between Cardiff , Barry and Flat Holm . Today the site is largely gone , with what remains being included in a holiday caravan and chalet park . The remaining main section of the gun battery has been listed as an Ancient Monument , which includes the gun emplacements , director - rangefinder observation position , crew and officers quarters . The structure is still commemorated through Lavernock Point ' s main access road being named ' Fort Road ' .
1st Iowa Independent Battery Light Artillery The 1st Iowa Independent Battery Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 1st Iowa Light Artillery was mustered into Federal service at Burlington , Iowa for a three - year enlistment on August 17 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out of Federal service on July 5 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 266 men served in the 1st Iowa Battery at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 10 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 50 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 61 fatalities .
KZ900 The KZ900 reconnaissance pod is an airborne signals intelligence ( SIGINT ) pod , used by the Chinese military , that was first revealed to the public at the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai , in 1998 . It was designed by Southwestern Institute of Electrical and Electronics ( SIWEE ) in Chengdu . KZ900 SIGINT pod is designed to collect radar signals over a wide band of frequency ranges , though the exact frequency band width remains classified , despite that the pod has been shown in nearly every airshow and defense exhibition in China . Like the BM / KG300G ECM pod , the KZ900 SIGINT pod is also highly digitized , and can be installed on a variety of platforms from helicopters to heavy bombers . The system adopts modular design and with open architecture software programming , and it is fully automatic , though human intervention is also optional . The pod is designed to provide real time information on enemy electronic order of battle and can be integrated with other COMINT to form a comprehensive ELINT system , or integrated as part of ECM system . KZ900 is trainable and compatible with MIL - STD - 1553B standard . Built - In Test Equipment ( BITE ) function is also incorporated . The next generation KZ900 SIGINT pod is already in development , and is designed to MIL - STD - 1773 standards .