naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Riverine artillery Riverine artillery refers to artillery employment on a river , generally on floating barges . Transport of field artillery is difficult through the moist ground and riparian forest adjacent to low - gradient rivers . Traditional naval artillery is mounted on deep - draft vessels unsuited for operations in shallow rivers . Vietnam War . France developed the " Dinassaut " ( assault river division ) concept early in their effort to fight communist guerrilla s in French Indochina . The value of artillery was demonstrated by French ships when coastal Mon Cay became the only French garrison along the Chinese border to survive a 1950 Viet Minh offensive . During the Vietnam War , the United States employed riverine artillery due to the difficulty of transporting and emplacing artillery pieces in marshy areas . The formation of a riverine task force ( composed of 2d Brigade of the 9th Infantry Division and the U . S . Navy River Assault Flotilla 1 ) increased the importance of artillery support in riverine areas , and fixed locations near river areas proved unsatisfactory . In December 1966 , 1st Battalion , 7th Artillery positioned M101A1 105mm howitzers aboard LCM - 6 landing craft , with the intent that the craft be towed to a supported area and moored to a riverbank . Later , it was established that the LCM - 6 was too small to serve effectively , and howitzers were positioned on Navy AMMI pontoon barges . When these proved to difficult to move and to have too deep of a draft , barges formed of Navy P - 1 pontoon s were the workable solution . M101A1 , and later M102 howitzer s were mounted onto a baseplate welded to the barge deck , allowing the howitzer to be traversed 360 degrees . A complete battery of riverine 105mm artillery consisted of three howitzer barges , and five LCM - 8s for support staff such as the Fire Direction Center .
433d Operations Group The 433d Operations Group ( 433 OG ) is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force Reserve 433d Airlift Wing . It is stationed at Lackland Air Force Base , Texas . The unit ' s World War II predecessor unit , the 433d Troop Carrier Group operated primarily in the Southwest Pacific Theater transporting such things as gasoline , ammunition , medicine , rations , communications equipment , construction materials and evacuating wounded personnel during numerous campaigns . It was awarded the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its role in the liberation of the Philippines during 1944 - 1945 . After the war , the unit served in the reserves and was elevated to active service during the Korean War . It returned to reserve duty until its inactivation in 1959 ; then again since 1992 after its reactivation . Overview . The 433 OG operates two flying squadrons with a total of 16 Lockheed C - 5A Galaxy strategic airlift aircraft , transporting personnel and cargo on a worldwide basis . Component squadrons are : History . Trained to tow gliders and to transport and drop supplies and paratroops , February – July 1943 . Air echelon flew Group ' s C - 47 s to New Guinea , via Hawaii , the Fiji Islands , and Australia , August – September 1943 , and began operations with Fifth Air Force . Ground echelon sailed from the West Coast on 25 September 1943 , arriving in Australia on 10 October 1943 . By early November 1943 , the two echelons had rejoined at Nadzab , New Guinea . Transported troops and carried cargo , such as gasoline , ammunition , medicine , food , equipment , and construction materials ; and evacuated wounded personnel . From November 1943 to February 1945 , the group was assigned six troop carrier squadrons , rather than the more normal four . Lost operational control of two squadrons , July – November 1944 . Squadrons moved , October 1944 - January 1945 , to Biak Island , and January – February 1945 to the Philippines . Operations in the Philippines included delivering ammunition , food , and other items to Filipino guerrilla forces ; evacuating former allied prisoners of war and civilian internees ; transporting combat units from New Guinea , the Netherlands East Indies , and the Solomon Islands . Group flew its one combat glider tow mission on 23 June 1945 to Aparri , Luzon . Transported troops to Okinawa , June – August 1945 and occupation forces to Japan after V - J Day . Activated as a Reserve organization in Ohio on 6 July 1947 . Ordered to active service and moved to North Carolina in October 1950 ; received C - 119 aircraft the following month . Tactical training began in March 1951 . Transported personnel and supplies to Army units in the field . Airdropped personnel and equipment during army exercises . Moved to West Germany and participated with US , British , and French units in field training until inactivated . By 1958 , flew airlift missions and participated in tactical exercises . Beginning August 1992 , the group participated in airlift missions worldwide , including numerous humanitarian missions .
Gouyen Gouyen ( in Mescalero Góyą́ń , " the one who is wise " ) ( c . 1857 - 1903 ) , was a 19th - century Apache woman noted for her heroism . Early life and education . " Góyą́ń " ( Gouyen ) was born circa 1857 into Chief Victorio ' s Warm Springs Apache or " Chihenne " band of Chiricahua Apache . She married as a young woman . Vendetta against the Comanche . Gouyen ' s first husband was killed in a Comanche raid in the 1870s . She took heroic actions to avenge his death , which have become legendary in Apache oral history . She tracked to his camp the Comanche chief who scalped her husband . There she found the chief watching a victory dance around a bonfire , and he was wearing her husband ' s scalp from his belt . Gouyen donned a buckskin puberty ceremony dress and slipped into the circle of dancers . She seduced the drunken chief to go with her to a secluded spot . After a struggle , she stabbed the Comanche to death with his own knife , scalped him , and took his beaded breechcloth and moccasin s . Stealing a horse , Gouyen rode back to her camp . She presented her in - laws with the Comanche leader ' s scalp and clothing as evidence of her triumphant revenge . Battle of Tres Castillos . Gouyen was a member of Victorio ' s band during their final days evading U . S . and Mexican troops along the U . S . - Mexican border . On October 14 , 1880 , the group was resting at Tres Castillos , Mexico when they were surrounded and attacked by Mexican soldiers . Victorio and 77 other Apache were killed , and several taken prisoner . Only 17 Apache escaped , including Gouyen and her young son " Kaywaykla " . Her infant daughter was said to have been killed in the attack . Later life . Gouyen married a second time , to an Apache warrior named " Kaytennae " . He also escaped during the Battle of Tres Castillos . Afterward , " Kaytennae " was a member of Nana and Geronimo ' s band during the early 1880s . He and Gouyen escaped with Geronimo from the San Carlos Reservation in 1883 . During their maneuvers to evade capture , Gouyen saved Kaytennae ' s life by killing a man who was trying to ambush him . In 1886 , Gouyen and her family were taken prisoner by the U . S . Army , along with others in Geronimo ' s band . They were held as prisoners of war at Fort Sill , Oklahoma , where she died in 1903 .
Treaty of Zgorzelec The Treaty of Zgorzelec ( Full title " The Agreement Concerning the Demarcation of the Established and the Existing Polish - German State Frontier " , also known as the " Treaty of Görlitz " and " Treaty of Zgorzelic " ) between the Republic of Poland and East Germany ( GDR ) was signed on 6 July 1950 in Polish Zgorzelec , since 1945 the eastern part of the divided city of Görlitz . The agreement was signed under Soviet pressure by Otto Grotewohl , prime minister of the provisional government of the GDR ( East Germany ) and Polish premier Józef Cyrankiewicz . It recognized the Oder - Neisse line implemented by the 1945 Potsdam Agreement as the border between the two states . The terms referred to the " defined and existing border " from the Baltic Sea west of Świnoujście - however without mentioning Szczecin - along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers to the Czechoslovak border . Thereby the East German government also accepted the division of Küstrin , Frankfurt ( Oder ) , Guben and Görlitz . The treaty was worded as a declaration and was not recognised as a legitimate international treaty by West Germany insisting on its exclusive mandate and the members states of the NATO . Four years later when the Soviet Union granted East Germany independence , the Soviet Union reserved rights over East Germany ( similar to the rights reserved by the Western Allies over the West Germany under the Bonn – Paris conventions ) pending a final peace treaty with Germany - the 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany . So although the treaty was binding on the two states it was not seen by many western members of the international community as a definitive . The West German government stressed the status of the territories east of the Oder - Neisse - line being " under Polish and Soviet administration " until in 1970 Chancellor Willy Brandt by signing the Treaty of Warsaw " de facto " acknowledged the border . Reunited Germany accepted the Polish annexations by the German – Polish Border Treaty ( 1990 ) . The community centre in which the treaty was signed is one of Zgorzelec ' s main sights and is found in a park beside the road bridge border crossing .
SM UB - 86 SM " UB - 86 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 31 October 1917 as SM " UB - 86 " . " UB - 86 " was surrendered to the British on 24 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany . On her way to Falmouth , Cornwall , " UB - 86 " and three other u - boats stranded and were broken up in Falmouth in 1921 . Construction . She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 10 October 1917 . " UB - 86 " was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 86 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 86 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 86 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Cadet Monument ( West Point ) The Cadet Monument is a monument at the United States Military Academy Cemetery , originally dedicated in honor of cadet Vincent M . Lowe , who died as a result of a premature cannon discharge in 1817 . The names of cadets and professors who died while at the academy during its earliest days are inscribed upon the monument .
The Great War ( battle honour ) " ' The Great War " is a battle honour awarded for service during World War I . It was awarded to units of the Canadian Army which had arrived in the United Kingdom but had not deployed to France . The honour is displayed on that units colours , with the dates of service . According to General Orders of the Canadian Army , the criterion for award of the honour was as follows : Upon the Colours of units which proceeded to England but did not reach France will be emblazoned " THE GREAT WAR " , followed by year - dates . The year - dates will be determined by the calendar years , up to 1918 , inclusive , during any portion of which the unit served as a unit out of Canada . " ( G . O . 6 / 1928 ) "
Operation Harpune In World War II , Operation Harpune was the major German deception plan of 1941 . This operation ( like Operation Haifisch ) portrayed the so - called Operation Seelowe ( " Sealion " ) as inevitable , to conceal preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union , called Operation Barbarossa . " Harpune " had two parts , " Harpune Süd " ( Harpoon South ) operated from Norway , Denmark , and France , while " Harpune Nord " ( Harpoon North ) did the same in Norway .
Gabrielle Weidner Gabrielle Weidner ( Brussels , 17 August 1914 - Königsberg in der Neumark , 17 February 1945 ) was a Dutch resistance fighter playing an active role in the French Resistance during World War II . Early life . Gabrielle Weidner was born in Brussels as the daughter to Dutch parents . She grew up in Switzerland , close to the French border at Collonges - sous - Salève - a village in the French department of Haute - Savoie where her father , Johan Henry Weidner Sr . taught Latin and Greek at the Seventh - day Adventist Church . She was sent to secondary school in London and as a result of her bi - lingual background , spoke several languages . Activities during World War II . As a devoutly religious girl , she was living and doing church work for the Seventh - day Adventists in Paris at the outbreak of World War II . With the ensuing German occupation of France , she fled with her brother Jean Weidner and several others to Lyon , in the unoccupied part of France . Following the 22 June 1940 signing of the agreement with the Nazis to create Vichy France , she returned to Paris while her brother went to Lyon where he established the " Dutch - Paris " underground . In Paris , she resumed her work for the Seventh - day Adventist Church , from which she secretly with the help of her brother and other volunteers coordinated escapes for Dutch - Paris . As an significant contributor to the French resistance she has been responsible for the rescue of at least 1 , 080 persons , including 800 Dutch Jews and more than 112 downed Allied airmen . Arrest . In February 1944 , a young female courier was arrested by the French police and extradited to the Gestapo . Against all rules , she had a notebook with her containing names and addresses of Dutch - Paris members . She was brutally interrogated by a guard that held her head under cold water repeatedly . Under torture she revealed many names of key members of the underground network . As a result , a large number of Dutch - Paris members were arrested . The name of Jean ' s sister , Gabrielle , was among those in the notepad . She was arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned at Fresnes prison in Paris , as it was hoped that her comrades would try to free her . In Fresnes she was treated fairly good , but when this trap did not work , she was shipped by railway cattle car to a concentration camp at Ravensbrück in Germany . She entered Königsberg / Neumark , a women ' s subcamp of Ravensbrück . The camp was called " Petit - Königsberg " by the French prisoners to distinguish the village in Neumark from the city Königsberg in East Prussia . In this concentration camp , the conditions were inhumane , and she was subjected to hard labor and beatings by camp guards . On 17 February 1945 , several days after the liberation by Soviet troops , Gabrielle died in Königsberg / Neumark from the effects of malnutrition . Recognition . On 24 May 1950 , Gabrielle Weidner posthumously received the Dutch Cross of Resistance for her efforts in the war . On the Dutch Orry - la - Ville honorary cemetery ( north of Paris ) , her name is recorded on a plaque dedicated to the Dutch resistors .
85th Ohio Infantry The 85th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 85th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Although recruited as a regiment , it never achieved full strength and was only able to muster four companies , which served as a battalion ( often referred to as " Zinn ' s Battalion " , a reference to Major Peter Zinn ) . Service . The 85th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio May through June 1862 and mustered in on June 10 , 1862 for three months service under Colonel Charles W . B . Allison . The regiment moved to Kentucky and participated in operations against John Hunt Morgan July 1862 . Performed prison guard duty at Camp Chase until September , then moved to Cincinnati , Ohio , and participated in the operations for the defense of that city against Edmund Kirby Smith ' s threatened attack August – September . The 85th Ohio mustered out of the service September 23 and September 27 , 1862 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 10 enlisted men , all due to disease .
Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry The Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry ( SCLI ) was an infantry regiment of the British Army . It was formed in 1959 by the merger of two regiments : The Somerset Light Infantry ( Prince Albert ' s ) and The Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry . Immediately before amalgamation the 1st Battalions of these regiments were stationed at Warminster and Osnabrück respectively . The 1st Battalion The Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry served at Osnabrück until June 1961 , when it moved to Gibraltar . Gibraltar Day is now celebrated annually on 6 October as the Regimental Day of Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry . The regiment brought colours and insignia from its parent regiments : the Royal Blue Facings and Royal Bugle Cords of the Somerset Light Infantry , the red patch commemorating the red feathers of the Light Company of the 46th Foot ( later the 2nd Battalion the Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry ) and the privilege of wearing the sash knotted on the right side , a unique distinction usually associated with the gallantry of the 13th Foot at Culloden . The green head - dress , whistle cord and No 1 Dress Uniform are common to all Light Infantry Regiments . The parent Regiments were raised : in 1685 as Huntingdon ' s Foot , in 1702 , as Fox ' s Marines , and in 1740 as the 57th ( later renumbered 46th ) ( 1st and 2nd Battalions The Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry ) . In 1968 it was amalgamated with the three other regiments of the Light Infantry Brigade to form The Light Infantry . References . External Links Somerset & Cornwall Light Infantry 1959 / 1968 / http : / / www . britisharmedforces . org / scli _ % 20pages / index . php
Henri - Auguste de Loménie , comte de Brienne Henri - Auguste de Loménie , ( 1594 – 3 November 1666 ) , Count of Brienne , Seigneur de La Ville - aux - Clercs was a French politician . He was secretary of state for the navy from 1615 to February 1643 , and then secretary of state for foreign affairs from 1643 to 1663 under Mazarin during the minority of Louis XIV . From the Loménie family ( originating in Flavignac in Limousin ) , he was the son of Antoine de Loménie , secretary of state to Henry IV and a Huguenot convert . The Comte de Brienne was naturally destined to public office . He traveled to Germany , Poland and Italy , by order of his father , the last as well prepare for his career . He was back in Paris towards the end of 1609 , that he was noticed by Henry IV , who allowed him to attend the board sometimes . Marie de Medici , regent of France , commissioned him in 1614 to negotiate with some members of the " États généraux " , " whose minds were unwell " , and his clever response obtained from them the nomination of a president acceptable to the court . This success earned him in 1617 , master of ceremonies and provost of King ' s orders . Until the death of his father , his principal occupation " was to accompany the King and gain the honor of his good graces , to which he succeeds . " The British Embassy , where he was responsible for negotiating , the marriage of Henrietta Maria of France with the Charles I of England . However , when he seemed to have met with success in its attempt at accommodatation , he was disowned by Louis XIII and Richelieu . The kindness of the queen mother of Louis XIV , to the him was also the affection of the princess to Madame de Brienne , his wife , the whole court knew to be the closest confidante of Anne of Austria . This influence kept him in power until the death of Mazarin , but before that time , his influence began to wane . The impairment of the Count of Brienne were not soon enough for the young and voluntary authority of Louis XIV ; high diplomatic capacities should preferably also attract the attention of the King , a great kingdom was coming , and he had to carry and moderate both the ideas of the gigantic new prince , physical strength and moral well above that of the Count de Brienne . Hugues de Lyonne was charged in 1663 , with the Department of Foreign Affairs , replacing him . He died in 1666 . Le Tellier , who became chancellor , said in council , when he heard the news : He had never seen a man more intelligent in business , less shaken at the least danger , less stunned by surprises , and more fertile in expedients to disentangle them happily . And the King Louis XIV said : I lost today the oldest , most loyal and most informed of my ministers . He wrote his memoirs for the instruction of her children : Memory containing the most remarkable events of the reign of Louis XIII and Louis XIV than to the death of Cardinal Mazarin .
John Addison Thomas John Addison Thomas ( 1811 – March 26 , 1858 ) was an American engineer and military officer who served in the United States Army , and later served as United States Assistant Secretary of State . Service . Thomas was born in Tennessee in 1811 . He graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1833 and was assigned to the 3rd artillery , served in garrison and as assistant instructor of infantry tactics and became 2nd lieutenant on December 1 , 1835 and 1st lieutenant on June 30 , 1837 . From 1840 to 1841 he was assistant professor of geography , history and ethics at West Point and from 1842 to 1845 he was commandant of cadets and instructor of infantry tactics . He was made captain on November 19 , 1843 and resigned on May 28 , 1846 to practice law in New York City , New York . On July 23 , 1846 , he became colonel of the 4th New York regiment which had been raised for the war with Mexico , but was not mustered into service . Thomas was chief engineer of New York state in 1853 to 1854 and from April 19 , 1853 to January 14 , 1854 was advocate of the United States in London , England under the convention of February 8 , 1853 with Great Britain for the adjustment of American claims . From November 1 , 1855 to April 3 , 1857 he was United States Assistant Secretary of State in Washington , D . C . He gained reputation by his report of the convention with Great Britain and by other state papers . He died in Paris , France on March 26 , 1858 .
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo , 2nd Duke of Alba Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez , 2nd Duke of Alba ( in full , ) ( – 19 October 1531 ) was a Spanish nobleman , military leader and politician . He was the son of García Álvarez de Toledo , 1st Duke of Alba , and his wife María Enríquez de Quiñones y Cossines . Fadrique was very close to the Catholic Monarchs . His father had fought in the War of the Castilian Succession on the side of the future Queen Isabella I of Castille against her niece Juana la Beltraneja , and his mother was related to Juana Enríquez y Fernandez de Cordoba , mother of Ferdinand II of Aragon . He participated in the conquest of Granada , and already as Duke , he led the Spanish army against the French in Roussillon in 1503 . When Ferdinand II as regent of Castilla , decided to invade and conquer the Kingdom of Navarre , supported by a Papal bull , he put the Duke of Alba at the head of his army . Fadrique conquered Navarre in only two weeks time . < br > As a reward , he was promoted to capitan general of Andalucía and Duke of Huescar in 1513 . He was also a member of the " Consejo de Estado " under Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor . He accompanied the Emperor to Germany , Flanders and Italy and was made in 1520 a grandee of Spain and a knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece . He married Isabel de Zúñiga ( 1470 - after 1520 ) , Condesa de Sevilla , in 1480 and had five children . His eldest son García was destined to be his successor , but predeceased his father , passing the title of third Duke of Alba to Fadrique ' s grandson , the infamous Iron Duke Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel . His offspring :