naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
8×56mmR The 8x56mmR or 8 x 56 R M30S ( C . I . P . civil designation ) cartridge was adopted in the 1930s by both Austria and Hungary as a replacement for the 8×50mmR Mannlicher cartridge . It was originally created for the Steyr - Solothurn light machine gun as the M30 . Later the cartridge was adopted for use in rifles in 1931 as the M31 to replace the 8x50mmR Mannlicher cartridge . The updated cartridge coincided with an update to the Steyr - Mannlicher M1895 rifle in which the barrel length was reduced and the chamber re - cut to accept the new cartridge , and was the cartridge chosen by Hungary for the 35M rifle as a replacement for the Mannlicher M1895 . The 8x56mmR was also used in updated versions of Austrian and Hungarian machine guns such as the Solothurn 31M and Schwartzlose 07 / 31M . This ammunition was made at a variety of plants as well as countries , including Austria , Germany , Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia . Current production . The 8x56mmR is currently produced by Hornady and Prvi Partizan for commercial sales . It is no longer in use by any organized military forces . Handloading . Reloading the 8x56mmR Mannlicher can be problematic , due to the . 329 " groove diameter of the barrel . Commonly available . 323 " 8mm " S " - bullets will produce very poor accuracy . Open - base jacketed bullets , such as the . 323 " 244 grain round - nose FMJ bullets used in the 8x50mmR Mannlicher , will often produce better results but are difficult to obtain . However , the reloading situation for this cartridge , at least in Europe , has improved significantly in the last few years . Some manufacturers like Haendler & Naterman ( Germany ; 190 grains ) or Degol ( Belgium ) still produce various bullets for sporting or hunting purposes . Prvi Partizan produces a FMJ Boat tail bullet under the number B - 384 and a Soft Point bullet nr . B - 561 , both 208 Grains . Lee Precision , Inc . can make a bullet - sizing die in . 330 " , allowing . 338 " bullets to be swaged down to this caliber . Bullets in the 200 to 225 grain weight class would work best . Lyman offers cast molds in this caliber . Corbins offers swaging dies for their bullet swaging - presses to make various bullets from raw materials . Reloadable cartridge cases can be produced by resizing 7 . 62x54mmR Mosin - Nagant Russian brass . This results in a case neck 2mm short , but no problems arise from this , as the cartridge will still headspace correctly on its rim . The remaining case neck is also still sufficient to hold the bullet firmly . RCBS produces a reforming die . 8mmx56R Mannlicher brass for handloading is produced by Prvi Partizan although availability is irregular . Chargers or clips for the M . 95 ( and earlier 8x50mmR and 8x56mmR Mannlicher rifles ) are available from surplus arms and ammunition dealers such as Sarco . Reloading dies are made by Hornady , RCBS , and Lee .
Stephen Weir Major General Sir Stephen Cyril Etterick Weir , KBE , CB , DSO ( 1905 - 1969 ) was a New Zealand army officer and diplomat . During World War II , he served as commander of artillery in the 2nd New Zealand Division ( 1941 - 1944 ) , and X British Corps ( 1944 ) . While serving in Italy , he was also acting commander of the 2nd New Zealand Division ( 1944 ) , before being appointed commander of the British 46th Infantry Division ( 1944 - 1945 ) . During this period , he was associated with the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade in training and during the battles of Rimini , Bellaria and Rubicone After the war , he served as Quartermaster General ( 1950 - 1954 ) and as Chief of the General Staff ( 1955 - 1960 ) of the New Zealand Army . He retired from the army in 1961 , and was subsequently appointed Ambassador to Thailand ( 1961 - 1967 ) . Honours and awards . Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire < br > Companion of the Order of the Bath < br > Distinguished Service Order and Bar < br > Golden Cross of Valour ( Greece )
Panos Bitsilis Panos Bitzilis ( ) was an 18th - century General Consul of Russia in Albania and Himara Bitzilis came from a notable family of Himarë , modern Albania , then Ottoman Empire , that provided several officers to the " Regimento Cimarioto " ( Himariote regiment ) of the Venetian army . Additionally , it was also the first clan in Himara than offered its services to the Russian Army . Panos Bitsilis , being an influential personality , became the Russian consul in Albania and Himara , in the 1780s . During the Russo - Turkish War ( 1768 - 1774 ) together with Loudovikos Sotiris from Lefkada , became the revolutionary leaders of an uprising in Epirus against the Ottomans . He was also probably member of the Greek patriotic organization Filiki Eteria .
Roger de Mowbray ( Lord of Montbray ) Roger de Mowbray ( – 1188 ) was an English noble , described by Round as Family and early life . Roger was the son of Nigel d ' Aubigny by his second wife ; Gundreda de Gournay . On his father ' s death in 1129 he became a ward of the crown . Based at Thirsk with his mother , on reaching his majority in 1138 , he took the name of Mowbray and title to the lands awarded to his father by Henry I both in Normandy including Montbray , as well as the substantial holdings in Yorkshire and around Melton . Career under Stephen . Soon after , in 1138 , he participated in the Battle of the Standard against the Scots and , according to Aelred of Rievaulx , acquitted himself honourably . Thereafter , Roger ' s military fortunes were mixed . Whilst acknowledged as a competent and prodigious fighter , he generally found himself on the losing side in his subsequent engagements . During the anarchic reign of King Stephen he was captured with Stephen at the battle of Lincoln in 1141 . Soon after his release , Roger married Alice de Gant ( d . ) , daughter of Walter de Gant and widow of Ilbert de Lacy , and by whom he had two sons , Nigel and Robert . Roger also had at least one daughter , donating his lands at Granville to the Abbeye des Dames in Caen when she became a nun there . In 1147 , he was one of the few English nobles to join Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade . He gained further acclaim , according to John of Hexham , defeating a Muslim leader in single combat . Career under Henry II . Roger supported the Revolt of 1173 – 74 against Henry II and fought with his sons , Nigel and Robert , but they were defeated at Kinardferry , Kirkby Malzeard and Thirsk . Roger left for the Holy Land again in 1186 , but encountered further misfortune being captured at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 . His ransom was met by the Templars , but he died soon after and , according to some accounts , was buried at Tyre in Palestine . There is , however , some controversy surrounding his death and burial and final resting - place . Legacy . Mowbray was a significant benfactor and supporter of several religious institutions in Yorkshire . With his mother he sheltered the monks of Calder , fleeing before the Scots in 1138 , and supported their establishment at Byland Abbey in 1143 . Later , in 1147 , he facilitated their relocation to Coxwold . He is credited with assisting the establishment of thirty five churches during the course of his life including Fountains Abbey .
Rocket Center , West Virginia Rocket Center , West Virginia is the site of a government installation known as Allegany Ballistics Laboratory , part of the Naval Sea Systems Command which is currently operated by Alliant Techsystems . Rocket Center shares a ZIP Code with Keyser but is located north along the North Branch Potomac River in Mineral County , West Virginia . There are no residents in Rocket Center . Also on the site is the Robert C . Byrd Hilltop Office Complex and the Robert C . Byrd Institute for Advanced Flexible Manufacturing , both named for longest - serving member of Congress , the late United States Senator Robert C . Byrd .
Fortified Sector of the Jura The Fortified Sector of the Jura ( " Secteur Fortifiée du Jura " ) was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the French frontier with Switzerland in the general area of Besançon . The area was lightly fortified , since the Swiss border was regarded as a low - risk frontier , save for the possibility of an advance from Germany through Switzerland into France . The Jura Mountains and the Doubs River presented natural barriers to invasion , allowing defenses to concentrate on a few points of potential access . The SF Jura was bordered on the east by the Fortified Sector of Montbéliard . Concept and organization . The sector ' s chief fortifications were old Séré de Rivières positions like the Fort de Joux , Fort de Larmont and the Fort Saint - Antione . A late effort in 1939 - 1940 constructed the CEZF Line , consisting of two sections of casemates . The northern section around Morteau consisted of four casemates , of fourteen proposed . The southern section around Pontarlier consisted of three completed of six casemates proposed . Road barriers were built at Goumois , La Goule , Biaufond and La Rasse . Crossings of the Doubs were fortified at Villiers - le - Lac , Morteau , Pont - de - la - Roche and La Cluse . Command . The Jura sector was under the command General Huet , commanding a demi - brigade of " chasseurs pyrénéens " . From 15 January 1940 the Jura Army Corps ( " corps d ' armée du Jura " ) took responsibility for field operations in the Jura . Within ten days it was renamed the 45th Army Fortress Corps ( " 45e corps d ' armée de foretresse " ) . The corps comprised the 57th Infantry Division under General Texier , and the 63rd Infantry Division under General Parvy . Both were class B reserve divisions , not suitable for heavy or sustaineBoard Policy 7211 . 1 Selection of Architectsd combat . The SF Jura was attached to the 45th CAF on 16 March 1940 . Until 19 May , the 45th CAF was an autonomous unit . Afterwards it was attached to the 8th Army . At the midpoint of the Battle of France on 1 June 1940 , the fortress troops of the SF Jura amounted to a " chasseurs pyrénéens " regiment in three battalions , comprising 85 officers and 2 , 750 men . Battle of France . The German offensive ( Operation " Kleiner Bär " ) across the Rhine was concentrated in the area near and to the north of Colmar , with little fighting in the Altkirch sector . The offensive , launched on 15 June , was rendered unimportant when the German XIX Corps under General Heinz Guderian reached the Swiss border on 17 June , behind the main French line . Guderian approached the SF Jura from the rear , crossing the Doubs at Saint - Vit near Besançon . German advance parties reached the Swiss border near Pontarlier .
Military Decree of Amphipolis The Military Decree of Amphipolis ( c . 200 BC ) is a Macedonian Greek inscription of two marble blocks , that originally contain at least three columns of text . It preserves a list of regulations governing the behaviour and discipline of the Macedonian army in camp . Other military terms mentioned are : " ephodos " ( inspection patrol ) , " ekkoition " ( " out - of - bed " , LSJ : night - watch ) , " stegnopoiia " ( building the barracks ) , " skenopoiia " ( tent - making ) , " phragmos " ( fencing in ) , " diastasis " , " phylax " ( guard ) , hypaspists , parembole , " stratopedon " ( camp ) , " speirarch " ( commander of a speira ) , tetrarch , and the " strategoi " .
Naval Research Advisory Committee The Naval Research Advisory Committee ( NRAC ) is a civilian advisory committee to the United States Navy . The committee was established in 1946 by Public Law 588 , which also created the Office of Naval Research . Members are appointed by the Secretary of the Navy to a two - year term , with membership limited by law to 15 members preeminent in the fields of science , research , and development , with one member specializing in medicine . At first the committee focused on advising the Chief of Naval Research , but in 1956 it took on a broader role at the request of Admiral Arleigh Burke , then Chief of Naval Operations . The committee normally meets quarterly and when called by the Committee Chairperson ; through its panels it provides advice on a variety of topics in science , research , and development . Recent study topics include Disruptive Commercial Technologies ( 2008 ) , Distributed Operations ( 2007 ) , Lightening the Load ( reducing the weight carried by individual combat Marines ( 2007 ) and Future Fuels ( 2006 ) . In 2009 , membership includes retired Navy and Coast Guard Admirals , retired US Marine Corps Generals , past Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) Program Managers including former DARPA Director and current NRAC Chairman Frank Fernandez and an interactive application / film producer ( James Korris ) .
103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion 103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion ( in German : s . SS - Panzer Abteilung 103 ) was originally formed on 1 July 1943 as the II . Battalion , 11 SS Panzer Regiment and sent to Yugoslavia to fight as infantry , however , at the end of November , the battalion was converted back to the Tanks . The Battalion was then issued six Tiger I tanks in February for training , but then ordered to give them to another unit in March 1944 . Another six Tiger Is arrived at the training grounds on 26 May and four more in August . On 20 October , all ten Tigers were given to the training unit and the 103rd was outfitted with the Tiger II before being ordered to the Eastern Front , as part of the III ( Germanic ) SS Panzer Corps . The 103rd SS Pz Btn had a total of 39 ( instead of the full complement of 45 ) Tiger IIs and was loaded on to trains on 27 January 1945 , and sent to the Eastern Front in the Army Group Weichsel sector . By 15 April 1945 , the 503rd reported a total of 12 Tiger IIs , of which 10 were still operational . Combat History . The 103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion over its history lost 39 tanks destroyed 500 enemy tanks a kill ratio of 12 . 82 . Knight ' s Cross recipients . There were four members of the Battalion awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross .
30th Virginia Sharpshooters Battalion Predecessors . The 30th Battalion , Virginia Sharpshooters was created in 1862 from the remains of three artillery batteries with the addition of three further companies made up of transfers . Companies A and B were composed of men from Captain Stephen Adams ' Gauley Artillery and Captain Napoleon B . French ' s Battery . Both units served under General John B . Floyd from the beginning of the war until surrendering at Battle of Fort Donelson . Battalion Formation to Surrender . Both batteries were exchanged and formed in August 1862 before becoming part of the 30th Battalion , Virginia Sharpshooters in September of that year . They spent the next several years in the Department of East Tennessee and West Virginia moving between those locations as a part of General G . C . Wharton ' s brigade . Sent as reinforcements to General John C . Breckenridge the battalion fought at New Market . Wharton ' s brigade was again moved east , fighting at Cold Harbor before returning west with General Jubal Early ' s Second Corps to stop Maj . Gen . David Hunter from destroying the vital supply center at Lynchburg , Virginia . The battalion was part of General Jubal Early ' s Army of the Valley for the rest of its service fighting in all major battles during the raid on Washington , DC and the retreat from it . Survivors of the 30th Battalion , Virginia Sharpshooters surrendered with almost all of Early ' s remaining army after the Battle of Waynesboro , Virginia on March 2 , 1864 . Officers . During the battalion ' s service its field officers included Lieutenant Colonel John Lyle Clark and Major Peter J . Otey . Company commanders included Captain Stephen Adams , Captain Napoleon B . French , Captain Lewis A . Vawter , Captain Charles E . Vawter , Captain R . C . Hoffman , and Captain L . C . Armstrong . Most if not all the officers and men were from counties that became part of West Virginia .
Operation Northern Iraq Operation Northern Iraq ( ) was a cross - border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into North of Iraq between 5 October and 15 November 1992 against the Kurdistan Workers Party ( PKK ) which is listed as a terrorist organization internationally by a number of states and organizations , including the USA , NATO and the EU . More than 37 , 000 people have been killed in the Kurdish – Turkish conflict since 1984 . Prelude . On April 8 , 1992 , Iraqi Kurdish leaders agreed to stop the PKK ' s raids into Turkey from their territory in an attempt to create good relations with Turkey . In response , the PKK cut supply routes from Turkey to Iraqi Kurdistan on July 31 . To re - open the supply roots , Peshmerga loyal to the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan ( Iraqi Kurdistan ' s ruling parties ) , started an offensive on October 4 to drive the PKK from Northern Iraq . The Operation . On August 6 , the Turkish Air Force launched air raids to support Iraqi Kurdish forces in their offensive against the PKK . After the air raids , Turkey launched an operation against the PKK , using 20 , 000 ground troops , backed by tanks , helicopters and aircraft . It was estimated the PKK had over 8 , 000 fighters in the region . Turkey claimed to have killed and captured nearly 3 thousand PKK fighters and wounded 2 , 700 by November 5 , with over 1 , 000 surrendering to Iraqi Kurdish forces , a number which rose to 1 , 400 by 12 November . In mid - November Turkish forces started to withdraw after claiming to have reduced the PKK ' s fighting force to a mere 2 , 500 . The PKK acknowledged only 150 casualties . Most of the PKK ' s strength , including most of their experienced fighters , were based inside of Turkey at the time and so they lacked both manpower and resources inside Iraq . As supplies started to run out and PKK commanders also found it increasingly difficult to communicate with Abdullah Öcalan in Syria . Therefore his brother Osman Öcalan agreed to meet with Prime Minister of Iraqi Kurdistan Fuad Masum on October 30 to negotiate . The negotiations were supported by Faruk " Nasir " Bozkur but were opposed by Murat " Cemal " Karayılan , which were the two other main commanders in Northern Iraq . On November 17 , the Kurdistan Regional Government ( KRG ) and the PKK reached a truce accord under which the PKK would re - open all routes to Turkey and release 2 captured Turkish soldiers . A buffer zone between Iraq and Turkey was to be created to prevent further PKK activities , however , according to Turkish officials this did not happen due to a lack of cooperation from the KRG . Casualties . Turkey announced fatalities at a total of 28 personnel made out of 1 commissioned officer , 3 noncommissioned officers , 22 soldiers and 2 village guards . Turkey announced the injured at a total of 125 personnel made out of 12 commissioned officers 16 noncommissioned officers , 93 soldiers , and 4 village guards . Turkey announced the total number of militants neutralized at a total of 2 , 783 with 1 , 551 being killed and 1 , 232 being captured .
Charles Mitchell Thomas Charles Mitchell Thomas ( October 1 , 1846 – July 3 , 1908 ) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy who served for 47 years . He was briefly the Commander - in - Chief of the U . S . Atlantic Fleet while it was in port at San Francisco on the tour of the Great White Fleet . He was born in Philadelphia and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1865 . He married Ruth Simpson , daughter of Admiral Edward Simpson , on November 3 , 1874 . In mid - 1877 , unrest over economic conditions and the disputed 1876 Presidential election , led to a series of railroad strikes and riots known as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 . In July , President Rutherford B . Hayes authorized the use of the military to put down the strikes . During the conflict , Thomas was given temporary command of the receiving ship USS " St . Louis " stationed at League Island near Philadelphia . He provided sailors to the USS " Glance " and USS " Pilgrim " which were used in the defense of the Frankford Arsenal in northeast Philadelphia . As a lieutenant commander he commanded the USC & GS " Carlile P . Patterson " from 1887 to 1889 for the U . S . Coast and Geodetic Survey , mapping out portions of the Alaska coast and naming prominent features in the south - east of the state . Thomas Bay , which he surveyed , was named in his honor . During the sailing of the Great White Fleet , Thomas was second - in - command behind Admiral Evans . Shortly after the launch of the first leg , Evans fell ill and Thomas served in his stead at diplomatic functions during the cruise . Beginning in February 1908 , Thomas was officially made acting - Commander - in - Chief when Evans was transported to San Francisco for treatment . On May 9 , 1908 Evans was formally replaced by Thomas as Commander - in - Chief . Five days later , Thomas retired from active duty and command was transferred to Admiral Charles S . Sperry for the second leg of the voyage .
USS Kalamazoo ( AOG - 30 ) USS " Kalamazoo " ( AOG - 30 ) was a " Mettawee " - class gasoline tanker acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet , and to remote Navy stations . " Kalamazoo " was laid down 7 July 1944 by East Coast Shipyards , Inc . , Bayonne , New Jersey , under a Maritime Commission contract ; launched 30 August 1944 ; sponsored by Miss Harriett Savage ; acquired by the Navy 7 October ; and commissioned 14 October at New York Navy Yard , Lt . W . Pierson , Jr . , USCGR , in command . World War II service . Following shakedown in the Caribbean , " Kalamazoo " cleared Norfolk , Virginia , 7 December for Aruba , Dutch West Indies , to load fuel oil . Pacific Theatre operations . She departed Aruba 21 December for duty in the Southwest Pacific Ocean . After fueling operations in the Solomons , Admiralties , and $ 3 , New Guinea , she arrived Leyte Gulf , Philippine Islands , 4 March 1945 as a unit of the Service Force , U . S . 7th Fleet . She operated as a gasoline tanker out of San Pedro Bay until 15 April when she sailed for fueling operations off the southern Philippines . Arriving Police Harbor , Mindanao , 20 April , she served for more than 7 months in the Celebes Sea , transporting cargo and fuel from Borneo and Morotai to ports in Mindanao . Post - war activity . Departing Zamboanga , Mindanao , 1 December , " Kalamazoo " steamed via Manila to Subic Bay , Luzon , where she remained until sailing for the United States 11 January 1946 . She reached San Francisco , California , 12 March and cleared port on the 22d for passage to the U . S . Gulf Coast . On 1 April while en route to the Panama Canal Zone her main engine failed . ( AO - 81 ) assisted her to Balboa where she arrived 10 April . Under tow from rescue tug " ATR - 85 " , she departed Cristobal , Panama Canal Zone , 26 April for Mobile , Alabama , where she arrived 3 May . Final disposition : fate unknown . Post - war decommissioning . " Kalamazoo " decommissioned 18 May and subsequently was turned over to the Maritime Commission for disposal . She transferred to Colombia 26 November 1947 and was renamed " Blas de Lezo " ( BT - 62 ) . Final Disposition , fate unknown . Military awards and honors . " Kalamazoo " ' crew was eligible for the following medals :