naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Philippine Sea Frontier The Philippine Sea Frontier ( PHILSEAFRON ) was a United States Navy Sea Frontier active in 1941 , and reformed in 1944 . On 8 December 1941 it was part of the 16th Naval District , a component of the United States Asiatic Fleet . Inactive from 6 May 1942 to 13 November 1944 ) Rear Admiral Francis W . Rockwell : 7 December 1941 – 18 March 1942 Captain Kenneth M . Hoeffel : 18 March 1942 – 6 May 1942 The Philippine Sea Frontier ( Rear Admiral J . L . Kauffman , Commander ) was reestablished as a separate command under Commander Seventh Fleet ( Southwest Pacific Area ) on 13 November 1944 . Rear Admiral J . L . Kauffman embarked in the amphibious force command ship USS " Wasatch " to establish his temporary headquarters aboard while the ship was berthed at San Pedro Bay , Leyte as Commander , Philippine Sea Frontier , from 29 November to 2 December 1944 . Kauffman was later promoted to Vice Admiral . He was charged with the mission of safeguarding and protecting shipping in the area under his cognizance . He maintained an Operations Board at his headquarters at Tolosa , Leyte , on which was kept a running record of the scheduled and actual arrival and departure of vessels of all categories in the area under his cognizance . His Headquarters was given intelligence of all submarine activity in the Philippine Sea . During the period of the loss of the USS Indianapolis ( CA - 35 ) , Commander , Philippine Sea Frontier , Vice Admiral Kauffman was absent from his command since July 1 , 1945 , on temporary duty status in the United States ; Commodore N . C . Gillette , USN . , was in temporary command ; and the Operations Officer of the Headquarters Staff , Captain A . M . Granum , was intensively occupied in diversion of shipping in typhoon areas and operations . Vice Admiral Kauffman handed over command on 2 September 1945 . USS Bumper ( SS - 333 ) served as a unit of Submarines , Philippine Sea Frontier , from September 1945 to April 1946 . Rear Admiral Howard Good was serving as Commander of the Sea Frontier in September 1946 .
Lorica hamata The lorica hamata is a type of mail armour used by the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire . During the 1st century it was starting to be supplemented by lorica segmentata , but had been reintroduced as sole standard - issue armor by the 4th century . It was issued for both primary Legionary and secondary Auxilia troops . They were mostly manufactured out of bronze or iron . It alternated rows of closed washer - like rings punched from iron sheets and rows of riveted rings from drawn wire that ran horizontally , producing a very flexible , reliable and strong armour . Each ring had an inside diameter of about 5 mm , and an outside diameter of about 7 mm . The shoulders of the lorica hamata had flaps that were similar to the Greek ' Linothorax ' which ran from about mid - back to the front of the torso , and were connected by brass or iron hooks which connected to studs riveted through the ends of the flaps . Up to 30 , 000 rings would have gone into one lorica hamata , and the estimated production time was two months even with continual slave labor at the state - run armouries . The knowledge on the manufacturing of mail may have come from third century BC conflicts with the Celts , though the first documented use occurred during the Roman conquest of Hispania . There were several versions of this type of armour , specialized for different military duties such as skirmishers , cavalry and spearmen . Although labor - intensive to manufacture , it is thought that , with good maintenance , they could be continually used for several decades . Constant friction kept the rings of the lorica hamata free of rust , unlike the segmentata which needed constant maintenance to prevent corrosion . Over its lifetime , the Hamata remained in constant use by the legionaries and it was the preferred armour of the centurions , who favored its greater coverage and lower maintenance . The lorica hamata was still common amongst the Legionary soldiers in the 2nd century , despite the use of the more popularly recognized lorica segmentata segmented plate armour . The segmentata was eventually discontinued in the third century for unknown reasons , but the lorica hamata remained common for both legionaries and auxilia . Later versions had sleeves and expanded to the knees unlike the earlier lorica hamata .
Yamana clan The was a Japanese samurai clan which was one of the most powerful of the Muromachi period ( 1336 - 1467 ) ; at its peak , members of the family held the position of Constable ( " shugo " ) over eleven provinces . Originally from Kōzuke Province , and later centered in Inaba province , the clan claimed descendance from the Seiwa Genji line , and from Minamoto Yoshishige in particular . The clan took its name from the village of Yamana in present - day Gunma Prefecture . They were valued retainers under Minamoto no Yoritomo , and counted among his " gokenin " . The Yamana were among the chief clans in fighting for the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate , and thus remained valued and powerful under the new government . They were Constables of five provinces in 1363 , and eleven a short time later . However , members of the Yamana clan rebelled against the shogunate in the Meitoku Rebellion of 1391 and lost most of their land . Yamana Sōzen ( 1404 – 1473 ) , likely the most famous member of the clan , would regain these lands in 1441 . Through all of this the clan managed to somehow retain a great degree of reputation and power within the shogunate government ; along with the Hosokawa and Hatakeyama clan s , they served as agents of the shogunate in resolving various disputes . Sōzen would then become embroiled in a conflict with Hosokawa Katsumoto over naming the shogun ' s successor ; this conflict grew into the Ōnin War , which destroyed much of Kyoto , and led to the fall of the shogunate and beginning of the Sengoku period . In the end this cost the Yamana much of their former influence and land . By the end of the 16th century , the Yamana had been reduced to holding the better part of Inaba Province . That area would be retained by the Yamana even until the end of the Edo Period .
Sir William Macgregor , 2nd Baronet Sir William Macgregor , 2nd Baronet ( 1817 – 29 March 1846 ) was a British Army officer . The eldest son of the physician Sir Patrick Macgregor , 1st Baronet , he succeeded him in his baronetcy in 1828 . On 20 March 1835 , he purchased an ensign cy in the 18th Regiment of Foot . On 29 March 1839 , he purchased a lieutenancy in the regiment . Macgregor fought in the First Opium War , and fell ill from sunstroke at the Battle of Chinkiang . He was promoted captain shortly thereafter , on 22 July , to replace Captain Collinson , killed at the battle . He later returned to China overland before fully recovering from his sunstroke , to which cause his death was attributed . On 19 April 1844 , he exchanged into the 92nd Regiment of Foot . Macgregor died at Gibraltar in 1846 . He was attended by his brother - in - law , the Rev . Joseph Sortain .
97th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 97th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 97th Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Butler , Illinois and mustered into Federal service on September 16 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on July 29 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 2 officers and 28 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 200 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 233 fatalities .
Front mobile group A front mobile group is a grouping of several tank armies as a primary armoured force of the Front commander for use in developing breakthrough s during an offensive , particularly in achieving strategic goals . Usually forming the second echelon , and employing from one to three tank armies , these were used with great success by the Red Army during the fighting on the Eastern Front of the Second World War . On occasion when either the tank army was unavailable , or the terrain was not suitable for the employment of large number of tank s and self - propelled artillery , only a cavalry mechanized group was used . The Front mobile group was usually used to deepen the penetration of the enemy front 70 – 100 km or more . The organisation of the Front mobile group was retained by the Soviet Army during the Cold War in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany known as second echelon tank forces . The employment of the tank armies is intended to create a local numerical superiority on a narrow front of 3 - 5 : 1 in manpower , 6 - 8 : 1 in tanks and artillery , and 3 - 5 : 1 in Combat aircraft .
Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment ( DMSRDE ) is a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation ( DRDO ) . Located in GT Road , Kanpur , it is responsible for the research and development of materials for the Indian military services , including various types of protective clothing and equipment . History . The Defence Materials & Stores Research & Development Establishment ( DMSRDE ) was formed by renaming the Inspectorate of General Stores in the Harness & Saddlery Factor in Cawnpore ( present day Kanpur ) in 1929 . Projects and Products . DMSRDE had played important role in development of high tech non - metallic materials for the Indian Armed Forces . DMSRDE has developed Nuclear Shielding Pad , Boot Anti Mine , Blast Protection Suit , Bullet Proof Jackets , etc . " The Defence Material and Stores Research Development Establishment in Kanpur has developed a new NBC suit that would be proved effective against any kind of dangerous weapons or chemicals and protect soldiers from any sort of attack , " DMSRDE Director Arvind Kumar Saxena was quoted by media - persons . 40 , 000 pieces of NBC suits costing about Rs 30 , 000 had been requested by Indian army . " the further progress on the other two suits are going on . " further quoted by media - persons .
Wolfgang Pickert Wolfgang Pickert ( 3 February 1897 – 19 July 1984 ) was a highly decorated General der Flakartillerie in the Luftwaffe during World War II who commanded the III . Flak Korps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Wolfgang Pickert was captured in May 1945 by American troops and was transferred to British custody until January 1948 .
Battle of Uijeongbu The Battle of Uijeongbu was a battle fought in Uijeongbu during the Korean War . It began on the June 25 , 1950 , when the North Koreans invaded South Korea . North Korean offensive . The objectives of the North Koreans ' offensive was divided into three lines . The aim of the first one was to pass Gaeseong , Munsan and Seoul . The second was to pass Uijeongbu and Seoul and the goal of the third was to pass Chuncheon . Of these three lines , the Chuncheon line ' s advance ground to a stop , but the Gaeseong - Munsan line , after a 1 - day delay , broke through and the Uijeongbu line broke through easily . The North Koreans had two divisions ( 3rd and 4th ) reinforced with one tank brigade ( 105th ) , and the South Koreans had one division ( 7th ) . The North Koreans , armed with Russian T - 34 tanks , couldn ' t be stopped even by the added men of 2nd South Korean division with the Water security brigade . The South Korean 7th Division was pushed down from the front line , and established a defence line linking Pocheon and Dongducheon . This couldn ' t hold , and the division was pushed backed to Uijeongbu . Chae Byeong - deok , the Chief of Staff of the South Korean Defence Corps , added the 2nd Division and other men , but the next day the North Koreans pushed into Uijeongbu . As a last resort , the South Koreans established another defence line at Gangbuk - gu , but were defeated at the Battle of Miari . After three days of resistance , the North Koreans drove into Seoul .
Alexandre Remi Alexander Gavrilovich Remy ( 30 . 08 . 1809 - 27 . 09 . 1871 ) was a Russian mayor - general , brother officer of Russian poet Mikhail Lermontov . Alexander Remy was born in 1809 in the city of Saint Petersburg into a Russian noble family Remy ( family ) of Swiss descent . The ancestor of Remy came to Russia in 1787 , when the officer Jean - Gabriel Remy entered the Engineering Corps in Saint Petersburg . Remy began his military service in cavalry in 1826 . Until 1835 he served at the " 1st Bugsk uhlan regiment " , later captain of cavalry at the Uhlan Regiment in Saint Petersburg , brother officer of Mikhail Lermontov . Alexander Remy was appointed officer for special commissions at the headquarters of General Khomutov at Don Cossack Voisko and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in April , 1840 . Remi left for Novocherkassk in May , 1840 , meeting in Moscow his friend Mikhail Lermontov who was heading Caucasus for exile . The cigar - case presented to Remy by Lermontov may be viewed at the " Tarkhany " museum ( музей - заповедник « Тарханы » ) . Alexander Remy participated in several wars and was decorated with Order of St . Stanislaus of 2nd degree , Order of St . Vladimir of 1st degree ( with a ribbon ) , Order of St . Anna of 3 degree ( with ribbon ) , and a silver medal for courage . On the 25th anniversary of his military service , Remy was awarded with an Order of St . George of 4th degree . In 1868 , he was promoted to the rank of mayor - general . After resignation , the general received several lands in Don Voisko Province ( one of the villages was later named " Removka " ) . Alexander Remy settled in Taganrog , where he acquired several houses , including the mansion of the former Taganrog ' s governor Pyotr Papkov on " Malaya Birzhevaya Ulitsa " ( now " Ulitsa Schmidta " ) . Remy took an active part in the city affairs : he was member of the committee for the construction of Taganrog Theater and of the " Charity society " . He died in 1871 in a train accident near Novocherkassk . The mansion of Alexander Remy housed the newly married couple of Pavel Chekhov and Yevgeniya Chekhova , the parents of Russian writer Anton Chekhov , who rented one of the rooms in 1854 - 1855 . This gave Anton Chekhov the motif for his story " The House with an Attic " in 1896 .
Donnet - Denhaut flying boat The Donnet - Denhaut flying boat was a maritime patrol and anti - submarine warfare aircraft produced in France during the First World War . Known at the time simply as " Donnet - Denhaut " or " DD " flying boats , the DD - 2 , DD - 8 , DD - 9 , and DD - 10 designations were applied retrospectively to denote the various changes in configuration made during their service life . Design and development . Developed in response to a French Navy requirement , these were biplane flying boat s of conventional configuration with two - bay unstaggered wings and a rotary engine mounted pusher - fashion on struts in the interplane gap . The French Navy ordered some 90 aircraft in this original configuration ( later dubbed DD - 2 ) , and in 1917 , requested Donnet - Denhaut to redesign the aircraft to take advantage of the new Hispano - Suiza 8 engine . So equipped , the Navy ordered another 365 machines . In order to take full advantage of the more powerful engine , Donnet - Denhaut increased the wingspan by adding a third bay to the wing cellule and used the extra lift to incorporate a place for a second gunner , bringing the total crew to three . This version ( later , the DD - 8 ) became the most produced , with perhaps 500 aircraft built . The DD - 8 was also known as the Donnet - Denhaut 300 - hp . Further developments added a second machine gun to each gunner ' s station ( the DD - 9 ) and twin engines mounted in a push - pull configuration ( the DD - 10 ) . Following the war , a few military surplus DDs were remanufactured as the Donnet HB . 3 and operated commercially for a time . Operational history . Apart from French Navy service , DD flying boats were operated by the United States Navy in Europe , flying from Île - Tudy and Dunkirk to protect convoys from submarine s . Some 50 aircraft of this type were purchased , and the first attack ( against " U - 108 " ; unsuccessful ) took place on 23 April 1918 .
Langdon K . Fieberling Langdon Kellogg Fieberling was born on 3 January 1910 in Oakland , California , enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 7 October 1935 , and after training and service as an aviation cadet , was commissioned ensign on 1 March 1937 . From 26 July 1941 , he aided in establishing Torpedo Squadron Eight ( VT - 8 ) , and when this unit was activated , served with it in " Hornet " ( CV - 8 ) . When the aircraft carrier sailed from Norfolk , Va . for the Pacific in March 1942 , half of the squadron remained behind to take delivery of new TBF Avenger s , which would replace the obsolescent TBD Devastator s . Fieberling ' s detachment reached Hawaii on 29 May — the day after " Hornet " had sailed . However , the airfield at Midway had room for a few more planes , so Fieberling led six of the 21 aircraft on to the island . In the Battle of Midway , 4 to 6 June 1942 , one of the turning points of the Pacific War , Lieutenant Fieberling led his flight in its heroic defiance of massive Japanese fighter and antiaircraft fire opposition to attack the enemy carriers on 4 June . They were the first Navy aircraft to attack the Japanese fleet , albeit without success . Of the 18 men , only Ensign Albert K . Earnest and Radioman 3rd Class Harrier H . Ferrier came back from the sortie . Fieberling was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his brave devotion to duty in this action . Namesake . In 1944 , the destroyer escort USS " Fieberling " ( DE - 640 ) was named in honor of Lt . Fieberling , sponsored by his mother , Mrs . C . A . Fieberling .
Ronson flamethrower The Ronson system was a flamethrower for vehicle mounting developed in World War II and used by the Canadian Army and the United States Marine Corps . The Ronson was developed by the British Petroleum Warfare Department in 1940 . Having insufficient range it was passed over for British use but taken up by the Canadians for further work . The Ronson was developed in time sufficiently to be used for production of the " Wasp MkIIC " flamethrower variant of the Universal Carrier . From there it came to the attention of the US and adopted as the Satan . The US used an M4 Sherman tank adapted with a Navy Mark 1 flamethrower , this was a development of the Ronson by the US Navy . These tanks were used in the Battle of Iwo Jima and during Operation Overlord . The Navy Mark I was also used on the Landing Vehicle Tracked LVT ( 4 )
Enlisted Retention Board The Enlisted Retention Board is a tool used by United States Navy to break the enlistment contracts of mid - career enlisted Sailors ( Sailors with 7 to 15 years of active military service ) . According to Mark Faram ' s story published in " Navy Times " on January 20 , 2012 , 2 , 947 Sailors were discharged from the United States NAVY via ERB as part of an effort to reduce personnel in 31 overmanned ratings . Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( Manpower and Reserve Affairs ) , Juan M . Garcia III advised that though the primary criterion for ERB is sustained superior performance , the ERB contained both quota - based and performance - based elements . Garcia ' s statement contradicts General Martin E . Dempsey ' s statement who , according to Alan Colmes ( host of Alan Colmes show ) who appeared on a segment of Fox News on September 9 , 2012 , said that the board was actually performance based and the Sailors were discharged because they were not performing at the level they were supposed to . Dempsey ' s statement also contradicts Gracia ' s statement which insisted that " For ERB - eligible Sailors , this [ ERB ] should not be viewed as personal or reflected as poor performance , these are great Sailors ( . . . ) . " What makes the ERB process questionable from a legal stand point is the fact that according to US Congress military personnel cuts are legal only in one of two situations . One is if the military meets end strength . According to Lisa Wexler , an award - winning talk radio host and the creator and executive producer of The Lisa Wexler Show , this situation was not met . Secondly , the military is expected to offer voluntary discharges before involuntarily forcing personnel out of the military service . The subject was first brought to the public through the SailorsagainstERB Facebook page . The page was created by one of the Navy spouses whose husband was not selected for retention by the Enlisted Retention Board . Not too long after that , the story was covered in November , in " Navy Times " , by Mark D . Faram .
Steen Andersen Bille The name of Steen Andersen Bille is closely associated with one extended family of Danish naval officers over several generations . In a direct line from one Vice - Commandant of the City of Copenhagen in the later 17th century , a long list of distinguished Danish naval officers emerged – including six admirals and six captains . Many of these had the same name as their progenitor . Progenitor . Colonel and Vice - Commandant of Copenhagen , Steen Andersen Bille ( 1624 – 1698 ) . List . Others Family Burial Plot . Many members of the Bille family from Steen Andersen Bille ( 1751 - 1833 ) and his wife onwards are buried at the Holmens Cemetery ( Danish : Holmens Kirkegård ) in Copenhagen . " Bille " . Two ships have been named " Bille " in relatively recent times in the Royal Danish Navy :
Henry Clay Drexler Henry Clay Drexler ( August 7 , 1901 – October 20 , 1924 ) was an Ensign in the United States Navy and a recipient of both the Navy Cross and the Medal of Honor . Biography . Born in Braddock , Pennsylvania , on August 7 , 1901 , Drexler grew up in a seaside home in Bethany Beach , Delaware . His father , Louis Drexler , was a Delaware state senator . The family home still stands in Bethany Beach , although it has been moved further inland . Like his older brother Louis , Henry Drexler attended the United States Naval Academy , graduating in June 1924 . In mid - October of that year , while was conducting gunnery drills in the Norfolk area , powder bags in her forward turret exploded , killing or injuring every member of the gun crew . During the ensuing fire Ensign Drexler and Boatswain ' s Mate First Class George Robert Cholister attempted to dump powder charges into the immersion tank before they detonated but failed . Drexler was killed when the charge exploded , and Cholister was overcome by fire and fumes before he could reach his objective . He died the following day . Both men were posthumous ly awarded the Medal of Honor . Drexler was subsequently buried with full honors in Arlington National Cemetery . The destroyer was named in his honor . Medal of Honor citation . Drexler ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession on the occasion of a fire on board the U . S . S . " Trenton " . At 3 : 35 on the afternoon of 20 October 1924 , while the " Trenton " was preparing to fire trial installation shots from the two 6 - inch guns in the forward twin mount of that vessel , 2 charges of powder ignited . Twenty men were trapped in the twin mount . Four died almost immediately and 10 later from burns and inhalation of flame and gases . The 6 others were severely injured . Ens . Drexler , without thought of his own safety , on seeing that the charge of powder for the left gun was ignited , jumped for the right charge and endeavored to put it in the immersion tank . The left charge burst into flame and ignited the right charge before Ens . Drexler could accomplish his purpose . He met his death while making a supreme effort to save his shipmates .