naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dmitry Shcherbachev Dmitry Grigorevich Shcherbachev ( 1857 – 1932 ) served as a generally unsuccessful artillery commander in the Russian Army during World War I . Shcherbachev advocated the use of French breakthrough tactics , consisting of heavy artillery attacks concentrated on a narrow front of the enemy ' s line . He was in command of the IX Infantry Corps at the outbreak of the war . Under the command of Nikolai Ivanov he used this tactic during the disastrous Russian campaigns in Galicia and Bessarabia . In the Bessarabia offensive Shcherbachev led the Seventh Army . The breakthrough tactic allowed the defenders to attack his flanks , bringing the overall advance to a halt . Likewise his tactics proved disastrous at the start of the Brusilov Offensive - some 20 , 000 men were lost in a failed attack along the Strypa . However , commander Alexei Brusilov ' s insistence on a secondary attack at Jaslowiec on 4 June 1916 produced the desired breakthrough . The southern wing of Bothmer , the German general , was turned . This success enabled the rehabilitation of Shcherbachev ' s military reputation . In 11 April 1917 Shcherbachev replaced Andrei Zayonchkovsky as commander of the Romanian Front . After the Bolsheviks October Revolution in Petrograd was placed in charge by Symon Petlyura of the consolidated Ukrainian Front that united both the Southwestern and the Romanian fronts . On December 9 , 1917 Shcherbachev signed a cease fire agreement with the Central Powers due to ongoing negotiations of the Treaty of Brest - Litovsk . Upon the declaration of independence of Ukraine in January 22 , 1918 he resigned from his position and moved to Odessa where he joined the Committee of Southern Ukraine and later joined the government of General Wrangel . He subsequently fled into exile in France in 1919 and died in 1932 .
Alfred Gerstenberg Alfred Gerstenberg ( April 6 , 1893 in Grainau - January 1 , 1959 in Bad Tölz ) was a German Luftwaffe general . During World War II he organized a very effective defensive perimeter around oil fields in Ploieşti , Romania . Career . Gerstenberg began his army service in 1912 in a cavalry unit . During World War I he was sent to the Eastern Front . Later , he was transferred into the air force and flew as an observation aircraft pilot . In 1916 he joined the Richthofen Squadron led by Manfred von Richthofen . In October 1917 his plane was shot down and Gerstenberg suffered a heavy injury . Next year he returned as a non - flying officer . After the war served in several cavalry units , retiring in 1926 . He rejoined the Luftwaffe in 1934 and after 1938 served as Luftwaffe attaché at embassies in Warsaw and Bucharest . During February 15 , 1942 - August 27 , 1944 Gerstenberg served as the commanding general of Luftwaffe in Romania ( " Kommandierender General und Befehlshaber der Deutschen Luftwaffe in Rumänien " ) . His most important task was to set up a defense zone around the oil refineries in Ploieşti , the largest single source of oil for Nazi Germany . He managed to create an effective anti - aircraft defense system against air attacks . He commanded around 25 , 000 men in Ploieşti and 11 , 000 near Bucharest . As a result , the first massive air attack on the fields on August 1 , 1943 ( US Air Force operation Tidal Wave ) failed to knock out the oil production and suffered heavy losses . When Romania switched sides during World War II ( August 23 , 1944 ) , Gerstenberg , with 4 , 000 men , entered Bucharest trying to occupy its key points . This attempt failed and his troops were encircled , in spite of Brandenburgers paratroopers dropped in as a support . On August 28 , he surrendered to the Soviets and was kept in captivity until October 12 , 1955 . Gerstenberg died of tuberculosis .
HMAS Watson HMAS " Watson is a Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) base located on Sydney Harbour at South Head , near Watsons Bay , New South Wales . Commissioned in 1945 ( after three years operating as HMAS " Radar ) , the base served as the RAN ' s radar training school . In 1956 , torpedo and anti - submarine warfare training were relocated to the base , and by 2011 , " Watson " was the main maritime warfare training base , as well as providing post - entry education for Seaman Officers , training for Combat System sailors , and command training . History . The base ' s name comes from its location at Watsons Bay , which in turn was named after Robert Watson , the quartermaster of HMS " Sirius " , a ship of the First Fleet . In 1801 , Governor Philip King granted Watson land at South Head , where he settled . Watson later becoming boatswain , senior harbour pilot and harbourmaster of the new colony . In 1818 , Governor Lachlan Macquarie commissioned the " Macquarie Lighthouse " appointing Watson as the first superintendent of the lighthouse . Today , the Macquarie Lighthouse is depicted in the centre of the crest of HMS " Watson " . South Head was recognised as an important site for the young colony and , as early as the first year of settlement , a signal gun from HMS " Sirius " was installed at South Head in order to indicate the arrival of any ships . The first permanent military presence on South Head commenced in 1871 with the development of coastal artillery emplacements to defend the Port of Sydney . The first barracks , occupied by members of the NSW Artillery , were completed 19 March 1877 . Extensions were added in 1880 to accommodate additional personnel . Many of the early barracks constructions are still standing The RAN first established training facilities at South Head in 1942 , when the navy ' s radar school was shifted there from . The facility initially operated under the name HMAS " Radar " , but was commissioned as HMAS " Watson " on 14 March 1945 . Torpedo and anti - submarine warfare training were relocated to " Watson " in 1956 . Operations . " Watson " s main role is for the training of RAN personnel in maritime warfare . In addition , the base provides post - entry training for Seaman Officers in areas of navigation , ship handling , weapons , and sensors ; training for Combat System category sailors ; and command training for recently promoted commanding and executive officer s . It is also the parent base for RAN personnel studying at Sydney universities . The facility has a ship ' s company of 300 .
206th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 206th Infantry Division ( German designation " 206 . Infanterie - Division " , nickname " Pique As " , ' Ace of spades ' , after the divisional emblem ) , was a military unit that served during World War II . Like most German infantry units it had no motorization , and relied on leg and horse mobility . History . The 206th Infantry Division was raised on 17 August 1939 in Insterburg , East Prussia . It served during the invasion of Poland in 1939 as a reserve division for Army Group North . The 206th Infantry Division participated in Operation Typhoon as part of the XXIII Corps under the Ninth Army . At this time , the division was under the command of Lieutenant General Hugo Höfl . At the time of the Soviet Rzhev - Vyazma strategic offensive operation ( 08 . 01 - 20 . 04 . 42 ) , Operation Mars , the division now led by Lieutenant General Alfons Hitter was again serving in XXIII Corps under the Ninth Army in the Molodoi Tud sector of the Rzhev salient . Here it came under attack by the Soviet 39th army of the Kalinin Front . The division is known to have used Marder I s from January 1943 to December 1943 . In mid - 1944 , the division , still under the command of Lieutenant General Alfons Hitter , was one of those defending the Vitebsk salient as part of 3rd Panzer Army ' s LIII Corps . The Soviet offensive , Operation Bagration , which commenced on 22 June , saw the entire corps encircled within a matter of days , after Soviet breakthroughs around the city . While the Oberkommando des Heeres , after realising the situation was hopeless , reluctantly authorised a breakout operation by the other three divisions involved , the 206th was ordered to stay in Vitebsk and fight to the last man . By 26 June , Soviet forces had fought their way into the city , and General Gollwitzer , LIII Corps ' commander , ordered the 206th to withdraw in defiance of the OKH orders . It was too late , however , and almost all the soldiers of the division were killed or taken prisoner . Its commander , Hitter , went on to join the NKFD in Soviet captivity . Commanders . From : 1 September 1939 Generalleutnant Hugo Höfl 10 July 1942 Generalleutnant Alfons Hitter 13 July 1943 Generalmajor Carl André 14 September 1943 Generalleutnant Alfons Hitter Component units . On formation : Changes to composition : By late 1943 the division was formed : References . Glantz , David M . ( 2000 ) . Zhukov ' s Greatest Defeat : The Red Army ' s epic disaster in Operation Mars . London , Ian Allen , 2000 . ISBN 0 - 7110 - 2748 - X .
Provider - class replenishment oiler A " Provider " - class auxiliary oiler replenishment ( AOR ) ship was used by the Canadian Navy to resupply ships at sea with food , munitions , fuel and spare parts . It had more sophisticated medical and dental facilities than smaller vessels . Only one ship of this class was built .
ARA Suboficial Castillo ( A - 6 ) The ARA " Suboficial Castillo " ( A - 6 ) is an Abnaki class tug patrol boat of the Argentine Navy . She previously served in the US Navy as USS " Takelma " ( ATF - 113 ) from 1944 to 1976 . " Suboficial Castillo " is used as support ship for both the Argentine Submarine Force and during the summer campaigns in Antarctica in the " Patrulla Antártica Naval Combinada " ( English : Joint Antarctic Naval Patrol ) with the Chilean Navy to guarantee safety to all touristic and scientific ships that are in transit within the Antarctic Peninsula . US Navy service . " Takelma " was built by United Engineering Co , at Alameda , California , USA and commissioned by the US Navy in 1944 . She was transferred to Reserve fleet in October 1976 . Argentine service . The ship was acquired in 1993 by the Argentine Navy and classified as aviso . It is the first ship to bear the name of Argentine Marines ' s Sub - Officer Julio Saturnino Castillo , an Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross recipient killed during the Falklands War ( ) . On 25 May 1995 captured the " LW9579 " trawler for illegal fishing in the Argentine Sea . On January 1998 , she transported a French team to the Isla de los Estados island which install a replica of Jules Verne ' s The Lighthouse at the End of the World . On 19 August 1998 after finishing a naval exercise with the Chilean Navy and docked at the port of Ushuaia the ARA " Comodoro Somellera " sank following a collision with her during a storm . On 2007 she participated on the rescue of the ARA " Almirante Irizar " after the icebreaker caught fire . As of 2010 she is homebased at Mar del Plata naval base .
USS Amador ( AK - 158 ) USS Amador ( AK - 158 ) was an " Alamosa " - class cargo ship commissioned by the U . S . Navy for service in World War II . She was responsible for delivering troops , goods and equipment to locations in the war zone . " Amador " ( AK - 158 ) was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 2103 ) on 27 December 1943 at Richmond , California , by Kaiser Cargo Inc . ; launched on 15 June 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . S . J . Davis ; acquired by the Navy on 10 August 1944 ; commissioned on 9 October 1944 , decommissioned at Portland , Oregon , on 23 October 1944 to undergo conversion to an ammunition tender by the Commercial Iron Works , and recommissioned on 25 November 1944 , Lt . Fred W . Beyer in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . " Amador " got underway early in December for shakedown training off San Pedro , California . She loaded cargo and ammunition at the Mare Island Navy Yard , Vallejo , California , then sailed for Eniwetok on 11 January 1945 . The ship reached Eniwetok on the 29th and was routed on to Ulithi . Upon her arrival there on 18 February , " Amador " was assigned to Service Squadron 10 . Delivering ammunition to the Philippines . " Amador " remained at Ulithi through 15 March for ammunition handling operations . She next set sail on the 16th for Leyte , Philippines , via Kossol Roads . The ship anchored in San Pedro Bay on 22 March and began issuing ammunition to ships of the fleet , as well as reworking defective projectiles and fuses . On 23 October , she moved to Guinan Roadstead , Samar , and began receiving ammunition from ammunition lighters for transportation back to the United States . Post - war decommissioning . On 12 November , " Amador " got underway for Seattle , Washington . She arrived in Puget Sound on 8 December and remained in that area until 29 March 1946 , when she began preparations for deactivation . She was decommissioned on 20 June 1946 , and her name was struck from the Navy list on 19 July 1946 . The ship was transferred to the Maritime Commission on 23 July 1946 . She was subsequently sold and fitted out for service as a merchant ship .
German submarine U - 53 ( 1939 ) German submarine " U - 53 " was a Type VIIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 13 March 1937 at Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel and went into service on 24 June 1939 under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " ( " Oblt . z . S . " ) Dietrich Knorr . 1st patrol . " U - 53 " began her first patrol on 29 August 1939 , just prior to the outbreak of the Second World War , under the command of Ernst - Günter Heinicke . Also aboard was Ernst Sobe , the commander of the 7th ( " Wegener " ) Flotilla . " U - 53 " sank two British ships on this patrol : the tanker SS " Cheyenne " and the freighter SS " Kafiristan " . 2nd patrol . A second patrol under Heinicke , beginning on 21 October produced no results . " U - 53 " , along with and , was to penetrate the Strait of Gibraltar and raid Allied shipping in the Mediterranean Sea . Daunted by the strong British forces at the straits , Heinicke did not attempt to force them and was transferred to the merchant raider on his return to Germany . 3rd patrol . Harald Grosse replaced Heinicke for " U - 53 " ' s third and final war patrol , which began on 2 February 1940 . Grosse sank six ships for , including the Spanish neutral " Banderas " , whose sinking strained relations between Germany and Spain . On 23 or 24 February ( sources vary ) , " U - 53 " was engaged and sunk by depth charge s dropped by the British destroyer west of the Orkney Islands with the loss of all hands , ( 42 dead ) . In popular culture . In the film The Cruel Sea ( 1953 ) " U53 " was the last ( and only ) submarine the crew of the fictitious frigate HMS " Saltash Castle " sank .
Frederick Victor Branford Frederick Victor Branford ( 1892 – 1941 ) was a British poet , known for verse of World War I and the years after . Born Frederick Victor Rubens Branford Powell , the son of actors Mary Branford and Joynson Powell . Given the second name of Mary ' s brother Victor Branford . Known in the family as ' Freddie ' Powell . After the death of his mother he was brought up by his aunt Dorothy and after her separation from Lionel Branford , they lived in Ardgay , Scotland . He may have felt closer to the Branfords than to his father and published his poetry under the surname of Branford . He was educated at Edinburgh University and Leiden University . Serving as a Captain in the Royal Naval Air Service during World War I , Branford was very badly wounded at the Battle of the Somme , when he was shot down over the Belgian coast and swam ashore to Holland , where he was interned . Most of his poems were written in a long period of recovery from his injuries , which left him totally disabled . He lived on a disability pension for the rest of his life . Branford stopped writing poetry in 1923 , disillusioned with the prospects for future peace . He remarried in 1937 , his second wife was his cousin Margaret Branford , the playwright daughter of John Branford .
237th Battalion ( American Legion ) , CEF The 237th Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Sussex , New Brunswick , the unit began recruiting in the Spring of 1916 in Military Districts 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 and was one of several " American " battalions in the CEF . The unit was disbanded while still in Canada and its men transferred to the 97th Battalion , CEF . The 237th Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . C . S . Bullock .
Tachikawa Ki - 9 The was an intermediate training aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force built by Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd in the 1930s . It was known to the Allies under the nickname of " Spruce " during World War II . Design and development . The Ki - 9 was a two seat unequal wing biplane design . Tachikawa originally planned to use the same basic airframe for both basic training and intermediate training , differentiating the two models by the use of different engines . The prototype Ki - 9 flew on 7 January 1935 , powered by a nine cylinder Hitachi Ha - 13 a radial engine . The second prototype was identical , and the third prototype was powered by a Nakajima NZ seven - cylinder radial engine . The third prototype exhibited stability problems due a center of gravity issue , and as a result the primary trainer model was abandoned and the Ki - 9 was developed only for the intermediate trainer . Tachikawa subsequently developed the Ki - 17 for the primary trainer role . The first production aircraft were delivered in 1935 . Operational history . The Ki - 9 was introduced to service as the Army Type 95 - 1 Medium Grade Trainer Model A under the former aircraft naming nomenclature system . The first version had a complex split - axle landing gear with fairings over the top of the wheels . In 1939 this was modified and simplified , the fuselage slightly shortened and total weight reduced . The resulting Army Type 95 - 1 Model B or Ki - 9 - kai had improved maneuverability and flight characteristics . This version was quickly superseded by the Army Type 95 - 1 Model C , or Ki - 9 - otsu in full production . Both versions were used widely for blind - flying training with a folding hood over the rear cockpit , and several were modified with a glazed canopy over the rear cockpit for use as a staff officer transport plane . Production by Tachikawa totaled 2 , 395 aircraft , ending in 1942 . At least another 220 Ki - 9s were constructed by Tokyo Gasu Denki ( also known as Gasuden ) from 1943 - 1945 . The Ki - 9 was also flown in wartime by Japanese satellite countries and postwar by the fledgling government of Indonesia , and captured units by the Republic of China .
99th Indian Infantry Brigade The 99th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry formation of the Indian Army . The brigade was formed in April 1941 , at Lucknow . The brigade was then assigned to the 34th Indian Infantry Division in October 1941 , and formed part of the garrison for Ceylon . In October 1944 , the brigade was reassigned to the 17th Indian Infantry Division and took part in the Burma Campaign . In June 1945 it was temporarily attached to the 19th Indian Infantry Division before returning to the 17th Division in August . Reraised 15 Nov 1960 at Ambala for 17th Infantry Division . Detached and served in the Congo with ONUC 1961 to Mar 1963 . Converted as 99th Mtn Bde and assigned 6th Mtn Div 1963 . 1965 : 6th Mtn Div . Dec 1971 : 6th Mtn Div .
USS LSM ( R ) - 519 USS " LSM ( R ) – 519 " was an , a type of amphibious assault ship in the United States Navy . She was originally projected as " LSM - 519 " and was laid down on 28 April 1945 by the Brown Shipbuilding Co . , Inc . , in Houston , Texas . She was launched on 2 June 1945 and commissioned on 28 July , Lt . John W . Mitchell in command . Service history . Following preliminary shakedown off Galveston , Texas , " LSM ( R ) – 519 " , steamed to Charleston , South Carolina , thence to Little Creek , Virginia , for completion of training . On 23 October she departed Little Creek for Troy , New York , where she conducted Navy Day activities . By 1 November she was back in the tidewater area and on the 5th she sailed south . She arrived at the St . Johns River Florida Reserve Berthing Area on 9 November . In March 1946 she was decommissioned . Renamed the " Powder River " on 1 October 1955 , after the Powder River in Wyoming and Montana . The LSM ( R ) remained in the Florida Group , Atlantic Reserve Fleet until struck from the Navy List on 1 October 1958 .
Japanese submarine Ro - 33 Ro - 33 was a Ro - 33 - class submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy . Commissioned on October 7 , 1935 the submarine saw action for Imperial Japanese forces during the Pacific Campaign of World War II . The submarine was sunk near Port Moresby , Papua New Guinea with all hands ( 70 officers and men ) by the Royal Australian Navy destroyer " Arunta " at on August 29 , 1942 .
Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 The Defence Force Discipline Act of 1982 is the foundation of military law in Australia . It is legislation that governs the Australian military . Main points of reference is discipline of defence members , powers of service police , rights of defence members , punishment and the Jurisdiction of the DFDA in regards to state territory and commonwealth law . Section 114 , added to the Act in 2007 , created the Australian Military Court , later deemed constitutionally invalid .
Heinrich Boigk Heinrich Boigk ( 30 October 1912 – 28 March 2003 ) was a Leutnant der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Legio I Maximiana The Legio I " Maximiana " ( " of Maximian " ) was a comitatensis Roman legion , probably created in the year 296 or 297 by the Emperor Diocletian . The I " Maximiana " was formed together with II " Flavia Constantia " , to garrison the newly created province Thebaid os , in Aegyptus . The legion is also known as Maximiana Thebanorum or Thebaeorum ( " Maximian legion of the Thebans " ) . Since no Legio I " Maximiana " is listed as being stationed at Thebes in the " Notitia Dignitatum " , the designation is interpreted more broadly as of the Thebaid in general . The cognomen " Maximiana " originated from Maximian , Diocletian ' s colleague . In 354 , I " Maximiana " was in Thrace , in the neighborhood of Adrianople ( modern Edirne ) . Thus it is likely that it fought in the Battle of Adrianople , in 378 , when emperor Valens was defeated by Goths . According to " Notitia Dignitatum " , the I " Maximiana Thebanorum " was still under Thracian command ( " magister militum per Thracias " ) at the beginning of the 5th century , while the I " Maximiana " was in Philae ( Egypt , south of Aswan ) , under the " dux Thebaidos " . There exists also a purely legendary Theban Legion in the legend of Saint Maurice from the 5th century . According to that tradition , this ( " Prima Maximiana Thebanorum " ) was a legion from Thebes that was ordered to move by Maximian . Thus it is sometimes related to I " Maximiana Thebanorum " . However , according to tradition , the Theban Legion of Saint Maurice was martyred in 286 , while the I " Maximiana " was not founded until ten years later .