naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
KZ – Nebenlager Bretstein KZ – Nebenlager Bretstein was a concentration camp in Bretstein ( located near Judenburg , in the upper part of Styria ) was associated with the SS - own operation " Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Ernährung und Verpflegung GmbH " , which administrated three working farms in Bretstein since 1939 . Concerning this regard it was the basic aim to investigate different methods of operations for agriculture , which should have been used for the purpose of the so - called " Germanisierung " in Eastern Europe . During June 1941 the camp was constructed by the first prisoners , who were sent from the concentration camp Mauthausen . The concentration camp in Bretstein was an external camp of the concentration camp in Mauthausen located in Upper Austria , which directed about more than 50 external camps . In Bretstein , at least 170 prisoners were locked up in four barracks , which were surrounded by huge fences and some watchtowers . The prisoners , who were Republic Spaniards , Spanish and German members of Jehovah ' s Witnesses , have been guarded by up to 50 members of the SS unit " Totenkopfsturmbannes Mauthausen " , who treated them barbarously . They were forced for road works and functioning in the range of agriculture . As a result of the situation within the camp , a lots of attempts to escape were arranged . The remains of seven former caged inmates can be found at the local cemetery in Bretstein . The concentration camp in Bretstein was closed on June 25 , 1943 .
Narses ( general under Maurice ) Narses was a Byzantine general of Armenian ancestry active during the reigns of the emperors Maurice and Phocas in the late sixth and early seventh centuries . He commanded the army in Mesopotamia under Maurice ; when Phocas overthrew Maurice and seized the throne , Narses refused to recognize the usurper . Besieged by Phocas ' troops in the city of Edessa , Narses called for the Persian emperor Khosrau II to aid him and was rescued by the Persian forces . He attempted to salvage the situation with a diplomatic mission but was burned alive in Constantinople by Phocas ' government after having been promised safety .
William John Gillespie Lieutenant William John Gillespie was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Gillespie was a student at Daysland , Alberta before joining the military . He was posted to 41 Squadron on 11 December 1917 . He scored five victories between 25 March and 7 July 1918 ; all of them were of the " driven down out of control " type . On 18 August 1918 , he was hospitalized with influenza and sat out the duration of the war . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , 9780948817199 .
Fletcher Webster Daniel Fletcher Webster , commonly known as Fletcher Webster ( July 25 , 1818 in Portsmouth , New Hampshire – August 30 , 1862 ) was the son of renowned politician Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster . He was educated at Dartmouth College . During his father ' s first term as Secretary of State , Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which , at the time , was the second most powerful office in the State Department . As Chief Clerk , he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison ' s death to the new President , John Tyler . During the Civil War , Webster served as colonel of the 12th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry . The unit was known in the Army of the Potomac as " The Webster Regiment " in honor of their commander . He was killed in the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30 , 1862 . A memorial boulder stands in Manassas National Battlefield Park in Colonel Webster ' s honor . A memorial to the Webster Regiment stands in Gettysburg National Park .
NATO Link 1 NATO Link 1 is a full duplex digital data link used by NATO ' s Air Defence Ground Environment and one of the Tactical Digital Information Link s used by NATO . It was designed in the 1950s to facilitate point - to - point data communications .
USS Will Rogers ( SSBN - 659 ) USS " Will Rogers " ( SSBN - 659 ) was a ballistic missile submarine — the last of the " 41 for Freedom " Polaris submarines . She was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for humorist Will Rogers ( 1879 – 1935 ) . Construction and commissioning . The contract to construct " Will Rogers " was awarded on 29 July 1963 , and her keel was laid down on 20 March 1965 at Groton , Connecticut , by the General Dynamics Corporation ' s Electric Boat Division . She was launched on 21 July 1966 sponsored by Muriel Buck Humphrey , the wife of Vice President of the United States Hubert Humphrey , and commissioned on 1 April 1967 with Captain R . Y . Kaufman in command of the Blue Crew and Commander W . J . Cowhill in command of the Gold crew . Service history . Following shakedown , " Will Rogers " culminated her initial training and work - up by conducting a successful Polaris ballistic missile launch on the Atlantic Missile Range off Cape Kennedy , Florida , on 31 July 1967 . In October 1967 , she began her first strategic deterrent patrol . " Will Rogers " was based at Groton until 1974 when she shifted to a forward deployment at Naval Station Rota , Spain . Around this time , she was converted to carry Poseidon ballistic missiles , and her nuclear reactor was modified to use an S3G core 3 . She conducted additional deterrent deployments from Rota into 1978 , bringing the total number of patrols she had conducted to 35 . From the latter half of 1978 until November 1991 " Will Rogers " was forward deployed at Site One in Holy Loch , Scotland . On 9 November 1991 , " Will Rogers " departed Site One , the last submarine to leave Holy Loch before Submarine Squadron 14 , which had been based there , was deactivated . Deactivation , decommissioning , and disposal . Deactivated while still in commission , " Will Rogers " entered the U . S Navys Nuclear - Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Bremerton , Washington on 2 November 1992 . She was formally both decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 April 1993 . Scrapping via the recycling program was completed on 12 August 1994 .
SM UC - 96 SM " UC - 96 " was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 17 March 1918 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 25 September 1918 as SM " UC - 96 " . As with the rest of the completed UC III boats , " UC - 96 " conducted no war patrols and sank no ships . She was surrendered on 24 November 1918 and broken up in Morecambe in 1919 – 20 .
Automatic firearm An automatic firearm is any firearm that will continue to fire so long as the trigger is pressed and held and there is ammunition in the magazine / chamber . While both " semi automatic " and " fully automatic " weapons are " automatic " in technical sense that the firearm automatically cycles between rounds with each trigger pull , under conventional usage a merely semi - automatic firearm is not correctly referred to an " automatic weapon " or an " automatic firearm " . The terms " automatic weapon " and " automatic firearm " are conventionally reserved to describe fully automatic firearms . Confusion can be avoided by this convention . A semi - automatic firearm fires one round with each individual trigger pull , while a fully automatic continuously fires rounds whilst the trigger is pressed and held . The speed of fully automatic firearms is measured in rounds per minute ( RPM ) or rounds per second ( RPS ) , in what is called the Rate of fire . The speed of fully automatic firearms is compared to each other this way . Types . Automatic and semi - automatic firearms can be divided into six main categories : Uses . Automatic weapons tend to be restricted to military and police organizations in most developed countries that permit the use of nonautomatic firearms . Where automatic weapons are permitted , restrictions and regulations on their possession and use may be much more severe than for other firearms . Other similar weapons not usually called automatic firearms are the following :
Großes Torpedoboot 1913 - class torpedo boat The " Großes Torpedoboot " 1913 class ( " Large torpedo boat 1913 " ) torpedo boat was a class of torpedo boat built for the Imperial German Navy ( " Kaiserliche Marine " ) . It was the largest class ever built for the High Seas Fleet , consisting of 71 ships . Of the class , 32 were sunk during World War I , several to mines in the North Sea and Baltic Sea . Of those that survived the war 29 were scuttled with the German fleet at Scapa Flow , one was destroyed by a mine on the way there , four were given to Britain and were not scuttled while one was given to Italy and France . Design . The " Großes Torpedoboot 1913 " class was different from its predecessors , the " Großes Torpedoboot 1911 " class , in a number of ways . Firstly , it was enlarged from at the waterline ( length overall ) to at the waterline ( and overall ) . The ships of the class were the first German torpedo boats to be powered purely by oil ( earlier ships used a mixture of oil and coal ) which resulted in greatly increased performance . Also the ships were modified with an additional gun , and twice the number of torpedo tubes . Some were modified to carry floatplanes . The 8 . 8 cm guns on these vessels could be depressed to - 10° and raised to 25° . At maximum elevation , the gun could fire a high explosive shell a distance of at a muzzle velocity of and at a rate of 15 rounds per minute . Each ship carried about 150 rounds per gun . The ships also carried six torpedo tubes and 12 - 24 mines . The ships were manned by 83 to 87 crewmen . Each ship displaced had a beam of and a draught of . Ships . The ships were numbered according to the yard which built them . There were minor differences between each yard series , so some references list each such series as a separate type . Strictly speaking , the 1913 series consisted only of V25 to V30 and S31 to S36 ships , but the later ones listed here were quite similar , though increasing in displacement . The German practice in peacetime was to build one flotilla of similar ships per fiscal year , hence the name 1913 series . Later ships belonged to 1914 series and so on . During the war the armament of most of these ships was upgraded , with 8 . 8 cm guns replaced with 10 . 5 cm guns . Service history . Due to the British naval blockade of Germany , most of the ships did not see any service , although some participated in the Battle of Jutland . V - 43 was scuttled at Scapa Flow but later raised and repaired . She was taken over by the US Navy and commissioned for a brief period in 1920 , then sunk as target on 15 July 1921 .
Sopwith Buffalo The Sopwith Buffalo was a British armoured fighter / reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War . A single - engined biplane , two examples of the Buffalo were built by Sopwith to carry out reconnaissance missions low over the trenches while protected against machine - gun fire from the ground , but no production followed , with the end of the war removing the need for such an aircraft . Development and design . In July 1918 , the British Air Ministry requested Sopwith , who was already building the Sopwith Salamander armoured single - seat ground attack fighter , to build an armoured two - seat aircraft to carry out the dangerous contact patrol mission . This mission involved flying at low altitude over the battlefield to locate and keep in contact with attacking forces , therefore keeping commanders in touch with the progress of the battle . This exposed aircraft carrying out such missions to heavy small arms fire from enemy trenches , resulting in heavy casualties . Sopwith ' s design , the 3F . 2 Buffalo , was a single - engined tractor biplane , with its two - bay wooden wings taken from Sopwith ' s earlier Bulldog fighter . Like the Salamander , the forward fuselage was made out of armour plate , weighing about 750 lb ( 340 kg ) , with the bottom of the fuselage 0 . 315 in ( 8 mm ) thick , with the sides and front of 0 . 179 in ( 5 mm ) plate . The armoured box reached back to the observer ' s cockpit , protecting the crew together with the fuel tanks and pipes , the carburettor and the magnetos . The first prototype flew on 19 September 1918 , flying to France for evaluation in the field on 27 September . The second prototype , which had its armour extended further aft , flew in October . While tests showed that the Buffalo had good performance , and promised to be an excellent contact patrol aircraft , the end of the war ended plans for large scale production . The two prototypes were sent to No . 43 Squadron , serving with the British Army of Occupation at Bickendorf near Cologne , Germany , but were quickly damaged in crashes .
BL 6 inch Mk XII naval gun The BL 6 inch Gun Mark XII was a British 45 calibres naval gun which was mounted as primary armament on light cruiser s and secondary armament on dreadnought battleship s commissioned in the period 1914 - 1926 , and remained in service on many warships until the end of World War II . Design . This was a high - velocity naval gun consisting of inner " A " tube , " A " tube , wound with successive layers of steel wire , with a jacket over the wire . Naval service . It superseded the 45 - calibres Mk VII gun and the longer 50 - calibres Mk XI gun which had proved unwieldy in light cruisers due to its length , and was Britain ' s most modern 6 - inch naval gun when World War I began . Guns were mounted in the following ships : Coast defence gun . During WWII some Mk XII guns were used in emergency coast defense batteries . Ammunition . This gun generated a higher pressure in the chamber on firing compared to preceding 6 - inch guns such as Mk VII and Mk XI . This necessitated use of special shells capable of withstanding a pressure of 20 tons per square inch on firing , which had " Q " suffixed to the name . World War I shells were marked " A . Q . " denoting special 4 C . R . H . shells for this gun .
Arthur Fortant Arthur Fortant was a non - commissioned officer , a sergeant of the French Regiment of the Guard of the field artillery . He was a member of the first French Military Mission to Japan in 1867 , in which he accompanied Jules Brunet . He worked as an instructor for artillery in the army of the Shogun . With the advent of the Boshin War , and the declaration of neutrality of foreign powers , Fortant chose to resign from the French Army and continue the fight on the side of the Bakufu . He participated to the Battle of Hakodate , in which he was head of one of the four Japanese regiments .
Infantry Division 1 Kostrad Infantry Division 1 , KOSTRAD is an infantry division of the Indonesian Army . The divisional commander is a two - star Major General . In 1996 the division commander was Major General Ismed Yuzairi . Order of battle . The division ' s composition is :
Arturo Puga General Arturo Puga Osorio ( 1879 - 1970 ) , was a Chilean military officer and Chairman of Government Junta in 1932 . On June 4 , 1932 he became Chairman of the Government Junta that was established after the resignation of President Juan Esteban Montero . His presidency lasted until June 16 , 1932 , when he was forced to resign by the army , who imposed Carlos Davila as the new president . His daughter Berta married Alberto Lleras Camargo , the first Secretary General of the Organization of American States .
USS Ocala ( YTB - 805 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Ocala , Florida . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Ocala " was awarded dd Mon yyyy . She was laid down down on 20 August 1969 at Sturgeon Bay , WI , by Peterson Builders and launched 30 March 1970 . Operational history . Placed in service 19 September 1970 , " Ocala " was assigned to the Naval Base at La Maddalena , Italy where she served her whole career . Stricken from the Navy List 28 October 1997 , " Ocala " was sold by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service ( DRMS ) to McAllister Towing , renamed " Beth M . McAllister " .
Gaitana Gaitana , also known as Guaitipan , is referred to as La Gaitana and Cacica Gaitana , was a 16th - century Yalcon woman from the region of Timaná , Huila , a leader who , in 1539 – 40 , led the indigenous people of the Upper Magdalena River Valley in Colombia in armed resistance against the colonization by the Spanish . Her monument sculpted by Rodrigo Arenas stands in Neiva , the capital of the Huila Department in Colombia . The indigenous people . According to Spanish chronologists , at the time of conquest , the modern territory of Huila Department was inhabited by many different peoples . The People ( with nearly 6 , 000 warriors ) , the Avirama , the Pinao , the Guanaca and the Paez lived north of the Magdalena River , with later concentrated around the La Plata River . South of the Magdalena River lived the Andaqui and and to the East lived the Pijao peoples . Pedro de Añasco . Pedro de Añasco was a Spanish conqueror , sent by Sebastián de Belalcázar to found a village in the territory of what is today Timana , in order to create a trade route through the Magdalena River valley . Añasco called all the indigenous leaders and demanded that they pay him a tribute . A tribe of Yalcon people , commanded by a young man and his mother ( Gaitana Cacica ) delayed the payment , and Añasco decided to set an example by ordering her son to be burned alive . Revenge . The execution of Gaitana ' s son caused outrage among the indigenous tribes , who decided to cooperate with each other to join forces against the Spaniards . Añasco and his men were attacked by surprise . The men were executed and Añasco had his eyes removed and was dragged around the village until he died . Betrayal . However , one of the indigenous leaders , Cacique Matambo , betrayed the organized indigenous forces . Matambo warned the Spaniards about plans against them with the result that the indigenous forces were crushed and the remaining indigenous people were gradually exterminated by slavery , smallpox and other European diseases .
Sarov - class submarine The Sarov class is a submarine class built by Russia . There is a single boat of the class , the " Sarov " itself . It serves to test and develop new technologies and new weaponry for the Russian Navy . It was first revealed publicly when details of the boat were published by accident on the Sarov , Nizhny Novgorod region ' s local government website as part of an account of a meeting with its commander . The number of the submarine project was given as 20120 and some technical and tactical characteristics were revealed as well . Description . The hull of the Sarov is believed to be based on the Kilo class submarine . In common with that class , it has a diesel electric power system , although it is believed that a small nuclear reactor is also installed . This doesn´t drive the propeller itself , but may produce electricity to recharge the conventional battery system , greatly extending the underwater endurance of the submarine . It has been noted that since electric propulsion is inherently very quiet , but tends to lack range , possession of a long range electrical system would make the Sarov class an excellent intelligence gathering platform . The Russians have not revealed whether the boat is employed in this role . The submarine was designed by Federal State Unitary Enterprise Central Design Bureau for Maritime Technology ( FSUE CDB MT ) in 1989 . Construction was started in the same year at Krasnoye Sormovo Shipyard , Nizhniy Novgorod , and completed at FSUE Sevmash .
Siege of Kamakura ( 1333 ) The 1333 siege of Kamakura was a battle of the Genkō War , and marked the end of the power of the Hōjō clan , which had dominated the regency of the Kamakura shogunate for over a century . Forces loyal to Emperor Go - Daigo and led by Nitta Yoshisada entered the city from multiple directions and destroyed it ; in the end , the Hōjō leaders retreated to Tōshō - ji , the Hōjō family temple , where they committed suicide with the rest of the clan . Background . For ten days , Nitta had been leading the imperial loyalists on a rapid cross country campaign before reaching the outskirts of Kamakura . After the Battle of Bubaigawara ended two days prior , the Hōjō forces rushed back to Kamakura to consolidate defenses . Nitta aggressively pursued and divided his forces into three prongs , thus completely surrounding the landward sides of the city . Only the seaward side , which was fortified by Hōjō ships , remained open . The Battle for Kamakura . The hills surrounding the shogunal capital of Kamakura contained seven passes , ( the so - called Seven Entrances or Mouths ) , each with guarded checkpoints . Nitta Yoshisada attacked from the east and the north through the Gokuraku Pass , the Kewaizaka Pass and the Kamegayatsu Pass , dividing his forces in three . However , after many hours of fighting , little progress had been made towards the city , particularly on the western passes near Gokuraku - ji , which was guarded with rows upon rows of wooden shielding . Nitta realized the Gokuraku - ji could be bypassed by marching around the cape , where the Inamuragasaki promontory juts out into the water . However , the waters were fortified by Hōjō ships making the approach impossible without heavy losses . According to the chronicles , Nitta threw his sword into the sea as an offering to the Sun Goddess of Ise Amaterasu , and the sea parted as if by a miracle clearing a beach wide enough for Nitta ' s army to traverse . Thus the imperial loyalists were able to enter the city , and began to force back the Hōjō forces . The Hōjō were eventually forced to retreat to a cave behind the Tōshō - ji , where they committed suicide .
Hugh Shaw ( VC ) Major General Hugh Shaw VC , CB ( 4 February 1839 – 25 August 1904 ) He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He married Emily Grace Sheffield on 21 June 1870 . Details . Born the son of James Shaw , an Inspector General of Hospitals in Madras , and Ann Hay , Shaw was 25 years old , and a captain in the 18th Regiment ( later The Royal Irish Regiment ) , British Army during the New Zealand Land Wars . On 24 January 1865 the following deed led to the award of the Victoria Cross . He later achieved the rank of major general . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum in Chelsea , London .