naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hanna City Air Force Station Hanna City Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 63 , NORAD ID : Z - 63 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located west - northwest of Hanna City , Illinois . It was closed in 1968 . It is still in use by the Federal Aviation Administration as a Joint Surveillance System radar station . History . Hanna City Air Force Station ( AFS ) was one of twenty - eight stations built as part of the second segment of the Air Defense Command permanent radar network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . were acquired between 1952 and July 1959 . The Air Force constructed and operated the station , which included over 35 buildings and miscellaneous smaller structures . The 791st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at Hanna City AFS on 10 May 1951 and began operations using AN / FPS - 3 and AN / FPS - 4 radars , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . In 1958 Hanna City AFS replaced the AN / FPS - 3 with an AN / FPS - 20 search radar , and added an AN / FPS - 6 A height - finder radar . During 1959 the AN / FPS - 4 was replaced by a second height - finder radar ( AN / FPS - 6 B ) , and Hanna City AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , feeding data to DC - 07 at Truax Field , Wisconsin . After joining , the squadron was redesignated as the 791st Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 1 November 1959 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . On 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 85 . In 1964 the AN / FPS - 20A was upgraded and redesignated as an AN / FPS - 67 , and an AN / FPS - 90 replaced the AN / FPS - 6B height - finder radar . The AN / FPS - 67 was upgraded to an AN / FPS - 67 B in 1968 . The AN / FPS - 6A was removed some time in this time frame . The 791st Radar Squadron was inactivated on 18 June 1968 , and the site was closed on 30 June due to budget reductions . The radar towers and four buildings were transferred to the FAA and site remains an active JSS radar site . The remainder of the site was then declared excess to GSA on 28 January 1969 and conveyed to the Department of Health , Education and Welfare ( HEW ) on August 8 , 1969 . It operated as Hanna City Work Camp , a State of Illinois Department of Corrections minimum security prison . The old USAF buildings are still in use and structures used as observation towers appear to be the old four - legged steel temperate radar towers .
Seigo Kosaku The seigo kosaku ( 國民政府の清鄉工作 ) program of pacification was the Japan ese security plan to maintain peace and order in occupied territories in Chinese Mainland during wartime . Similar policies were implemented also in Manchukuo and Mengjiang , as well as by the Chinese Reformed Government and was put into practice in occupied territories in Szechwan province when the Chiang Kai - Shek regime was defeated and a pro - Japanese native government was installed .
Combat helmet A combat helmet or battle helmet is a type of personal armor designed specifically to protect the head during combat . Helmets are among the oldest forms of personal protective equipment and are known to have been worn by the Akkadians / Sumerians in the 23rd century BCE , Mycenaean Greeks since the 17th century BCE , the Assyrians around 900 BCE , ancient Greeks and Romans , throughout the Middle Ages , and up to the end of the 17th century by many combatants . Their materials and construction became more advanced as weapons became more and more powerful . Initially constructed from leather and brass , and then bronze and iron during the Bronze and Iron Ages , they soon came to be made entirely from forged steel in many societies after about 950 CE . At that time , they were purely military equipment , protecting the head from cutting blows with sword s , flying arrow s , and low - velocity musket ry . Military use of helmets declined after 1670 , and rifled firearms ended their use by foot soldiers after 1700 but the Napoleonic era saw ornate cavalry helmets reintroduced for cuirassier s and dragoon s in some armies which continued to be used by French forces during World War I as late as 1915 . World War I and its increased use of artillery had renewed the need for steel helmets , with the French Adrian helmet and the British Brodie helmet being the first modern steel helmets used on the battlefield , soon followed by the adoption of similar steel helmets , such as the Stahlhelm by the other warring nations . In the 20th century , such helmets offered protection for the head from shrapnel and fragments . Today ' s militaries often use high - quality helmets made of ballistic materials such as Kevlar and Aramid , which offer improved protection . Some helmets also have good non - ballistic protective qualities , against threats such as concussive shock waves from explosion s . Many of today ’ s combat helmets have been adapted for modern warfare requirements and upgraded with Rails to act as a platform for mounting cameras , video cameras and VAS Shrouds for the mounting of Night Vision Goggles ( NVG ) and monocular Night Vision Devices ( NVD ) . Beginning in the early 20th century , combat helmets have often been equipped with helmet cover s to offer greater camouflage . There have been two main types of covers , mesh nets were earlier widely used , but most modern combat helmets use camouflage cloth covers instead of the earlier net covers . History . Medieval and early Modern . See also headgear listing within Components of medieval armour . Design . Padding . Cushioning is used to negate concussive injuries . Researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory published a study in 2011 that concluded that the addition of an eighth of an inch of cushion decreased the impact force to the skull by 24 % .
Mart de Kruif Mart de Kruif MSM is a three - star general in the Royal Netherlands Army and currently serves as its executive commander . Biography . De Kruif received his military education at the Military Academy in Breda . Later he was also educated at the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr and the U . S . Army War College . He held several positions within the Netherlands Army before he became commander of the 43 Gemechaniseerde Brigade in Havelte in 2007 . On November 1 , 2008 he was promoted to Major General . On the same day he took over the Regional Command South ( RC - S ) of the International Security Assistance Force ( ISAF ) in Afghanistan from Canadian Major General Marc Lessard . Under his command the size of RC - S doubled to 40 . 000 troops . He held this command until November 1 , 2009 , when he was succeeded by British Major General Nick Carter . From May 2010 till October 2011 he served as the Deputy Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army . Promoted to Lieutenant General on October 17 , 2011 , de Kruif assumed the post of Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army on October 25 .
Qualified Weapons Instructor Qualified Weapons Instructor is a qualification given to graduates of the Royal Air Force or Royal Navy Qualified Weapons Instructor course . It is the equivalent to the USAF Fighter Weapons School Course or US Navy ' s TOPGUN school . Overview . At the end of the first or second tour of duty , the best front line fast jet aircrew are selected for a place on the course . They qualify in both ground school and flying phases of the course in order to return to the frontline to instruct weapons and tactics on operational Squadrons . The QWI course lasts five months . It begins with an initial two weeks combined ground school where pilots and navigators learn about the weaponry of various aircraft . This is followed by five months of training back at their respective squadrons in the use of the weaponry specific to their own aircraft . The course culminates in the operational phase , the Combined QWI ( CQWI ) , where everything learnt over the past five months is put into practice . Each morning the QWI students are given an Air Tasking Order ( ATO ) . They then need to plan the appropriate missions required to fulfil the objectives laid out by the ATO . The Hercules is included in the course to give the students an opportunity to integrate a slow mover into their mission plans . Pilots of other airforces can attend the school through the Ministry of Defence ' s International Defence Training Program . All graduates are awarded ' qwi ' annotation in the Air Force List .
Kosovo Operation ( 1944 ) The Kosovo Operation ( October 15 – November 20 , 1944 ) was a series of military operations leading up to one final push during World War II , launched by the Bulgarian army ( commanded by Major General Kiril Stanchev ) with the assistance of Yugoslav and Albanian Partisans to expel German forces from Kosovo and Metohija and prevent the retreat of German forces from Greece . The operation resulted in the capture of Kosovo by the Allies .
3d Search Attack Squadron The 3d Search Attack Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 1st Search Attack Group , based at Langley Field , Virginia . It was inactivated on 10 April 1944 . History . Tested electronic equipment and trained crews for its use in antisubmarine operations ; antisubmarine patrols , Jan until late 1943 .
93rd Infantry Brigade ( United States ) The 93rd Infantry Brigade was a formation of the United States Army . It was part of the New York Army National Guard ( NY ANG ) from 1926 to 1940 . It controlled several separate infantry regiments of the NY ANG in the Interwar Period between the First and Second World Wars . The brigade was constituted in April 1926 and made part of the New York National Guard . Its headquarters was organized in New York City and federally recognized 2 April 1928 . Assigned to the First Army on 1 October 1933 . Conducted annual summer training most years at Camp Smith , Peekskill New York , 1927 - 1939 . On 1 September 1940 , the headquarters was reorganized and redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery , 71st Field Artillery Brigade . Status . Part of the NY ANG , the inactive HQ II Corps Artillery carries the traditions of the 71st FA Brigade .
Alan Bott Captain Alan John Bott was a World War I flying ace who was credited with five aerial victories . He later became a journalist , and then founded Pan Books . Bott served with the Royal Garrison Artillery before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps . He flew as an observer / gunner in the rear seat of a Sopwith 1 1 / 2 Strutter in 1916 , usually teamed with Awdry Vaucour . On one flight , he slapped out an inflight fire with his gloves ; he was awarded his Military Cross partly for this action . He also scored three victories during September 1916 , all while teamed with Valcour in Strutter no . A892 . In 1917 , he learned to fly . He was promoted to captain . His first assignment as a pilot was to No . 111 Squadron , which was stationed in the Sinai Desert . He flew Nieuport fighter no . B3995 to destroy enemy reconnaissance machines on 14 and 15 April 1918 . A week later , he was brought down in flames and taken prisoner . After four months in a Turkish prison , he escaped . Bott later wrote several books under the pseudonym Contact . One of his books was " An Airman ' s Outing " , since retitled " Cavalry of the Clouds " . He was also a journalist drama critic , and publisher . In 1944 , he helped found Pan Books . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , 9780948817199 .
William Troy William Troy ( 1848 – March 8 , 1907 ) entered Service in the US Navy from Massachusetts as a United States Navy sailor . For bravery in action during the 1871 Korean Expedition he received the Medal of Honor on June 11 , 1871 . He was part of the party that rescued the mortally wounded Hugh McKee at Citadel Korea and was himself wounded and specifically commended by the Lieutenant . Troy is buried in the Stockton State Hospital Cemetery in Stockton , California , and a monument in his honor stands at the San Joaquin National Cemetery in Gustine , California . According to the San Joaquin National Cemetery ' s Website he is buried there , not at the state hospital in Stockton , in Section M - 1 , Grave 53 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Ordinary Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 1848 , Boston , Mass . Accredited to : Massachusetts . G . O . No . : 169 , February 8 , 1872 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Colorado during the capture of the Korean forts , 11 June 1871 . Fighting at the side of Lt . McKee , by whom he was especially commended , Troy was badly wounded by the enemy .
HMS Mohawk ( 1907 ) HMS " Mohawk " was a Tribal class destroyer of the Royal Navy launched in 1907 and sold for scrap in 1919 . During the First World War she served in the North Sea and the English Channel with the 6th Destroyer Flotilla , being damaged by a mine in 1915 and fighting in the Battle of Dover Strait in 1916 .
Requesens Castle Requesens Castle is a historical building in the municipality of la Jonquera , Catalonia , Spain . The edifice is characterized by a triple line of walls , with square and rounded towers , portals and merlon s . In the lower court is the chapel , including Romanesque elements from original structures of the area , or of French inspiration . History . Probably existing since the 9th century , the castle is mentioned for the first time in a document from Ponce I , count of Ampurias in the 11th century . In the 19th century , the ruined castle was rebuilt in a neo - medieval style . The castle was extensively used after the Spanish Civil War ( 1936 – 1939 ) , when some modern constructions were added to the original structure .
Cotherstone Castle Cotherstone Castle was in the village of Cotherstone by the River Tees some north - east of Barnard Castle in County Durham , England . This was a motte and bailey castle built around 1090 . In 1200 the wooden building was replaced by a stone building . The remains include an earth mound and traces of a probable fishpond .
Gary Pittman Gary Pittman is a prison guard and former United States Marine Corps reservist who was received a reduction in rank from Sergeant to Private and 60 days hard labor , for his role in the death in custody of Nagem Hatab , an Iraqi he believed was involved in torturing Jessica Lynch . Following his conviction the Federal Bureau of Prisons fired Pittman .
Relief of Thionville On June 7 , 1639 , a Spanish and Imperial relief column under Ottavio Piccolomini lifted the siege lines around Thionville and destroyed the besieging French army under the Marquis de Feuquieres . Aftermath . Feuquières , wounded in the fighting , was captured by the Imperial forces and died in captivity . In recognition of his victory , Piccolomini was created Duke of Amalfi by the Spanish Crown June 28 . In 1643 the Duc d ' Enghien capitalised on his victory at Rocroi by pushing on to Thionville , which fell after a stubborn defence by the Spanish garrison .
Liberation of Khorramshahr The Liberation of Khorramshahr was the Iranian recapture of the port city of Khorramshahr from the Iraqis on May 24 , 1982 during the Iran – Iraq War . The Iraqis had captured the city early in the war on October 26 , 1980 . The successful retaking of the city was part of Operation Beit ol - Moqaddas . It is perceived as a turning point in the war and the liberation is celebrated in Iran on its anniversary , 24 May . The battle . The city remained in Iraqi hands until April 1982 , when the Iranians launched " Operation Beit ol - Moqaddas " to recapture the Khuzestan province . The first attack ( from April 24 to May 12 ) utilized approximately 70 , 000 army troops and Pasdaran ( members of Iran ' s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ) that succeeded in pushing the Iraqi forces out of the Ahvaz - Susangerd area . The Iraqis withdrew back to Khorramshahr and , on May 20 , launched an unsuccessful counterattack against the Iranians . An all - out assault on Khorramshahr was then launched by Iran , which captured two of defense lines in the Pol - e No and Shalamcheh region . The Iranians gathered around the Shatt al - Arab ( known as Arvand Rud in Iran ) waterway , surrounded the city and began a second siege . The Iranians finally recaptured the city on May 24 after two days of bitter fighting . Aftermath . In re - taking the city , the Iranians captured approximately 19 , 000 soldiers from a demoralized Iraqi Army . On the other hand , Saddam Hussein was shocked and infuriated by the defeat in Khorramshahr , ordering the execution of a number of top Iraqi officers responsible for the defense of the city . Iranians celebrate the anniversary of Liberation of Khorramshahr every year .
HMS H2 HMS " H2 " was a British H - class submarine built by Canadian Vickers , Montreal . She was laid down on 11 January 1915 and was commissioned on 4 June 1915 . After commissioning , " H2 " crossed the Atlantic from St . John ' s , Newfoundland to Gibraltar escorted by the armed merchant cruiser . She was accompanied by , and . " H2 " was sold in Malta on 7 March 1921 .
Battle of Tranter ' s Creek The Battle of Tranter ' s Creek was fought on June 5 , 1862 , in Pitt County , North Carolina , as part of Union Maj . Gen . Ambrose E . Burnside ' s North Carolina expedition during the American Civil War . On June 5 , Col . Robert Potter , garrison commander at Washington , North Carolina , ordered a reconnaissance in the direction of Pactolus . The 24th Massachusetts , under Lt . Col . F . A . Osborne , advanced to the bridge over Tranter ' s Creek , where it encountered the 44th North Carolina , under Col . George Singletary . Unable to force a crossing , Osborne brought his artillery ( Co ' s A - G . 1t New York Marine Artillery ) to bear on the mill buildings in which the Confederates were barricaded . Singletary was killed in the bombardment , and his troops retreated . The Federals did not pursue and returned to their fortifications at Washington .
David Geisinger David Geisinger ( 1790 – 5 March 1860 ) was an officer of the United States Navy , who served during the War of 1812 , and was later Commodore of the East India Squadron . Biography . Geisinger was born in Maryland in 1790 and was appointed midshipman in the United States Navy , on 15 November 1809 . During the War of 1812 , he was on board the sloop - of - war . On 21 September 1814 , an eight - gun merchant brig , the " Atalanta " , ran afoul of " Wasp " , and was captured . Deemed too valuable to destroy , " Atalanta " was placed under the command of Midshipman Geisinger and was sent home to the United States . Geisinger arrived at Savannah , Georgia , safely on 4 November 1814 . His good fortune was to escape from the fate of the " Wasp " , which was lost with all on board . He was promoted to lieutenant on 9 December 1814 . On March , 1829 , Geisinger was promoted to a commander . As commanding officer of the , he carried the diplomat Edmund Roberts to Siam in March , and Muscat in September 1833 , where Roberts negotiated treaties of amity and commerce with King Rama III and Sultan Said bin Sultan respectively . Geisinger was promoted to captain on 24 May 1838 . He commanded the East India Squadron from 1848 to 1850 as a Commodore . Geisinger learned from the Dutch consul about the imprisonment at Nagasaki of 18 American sailors from a wrecked whaler , and ordered Captain James Glynn of the to go to Nagasaki , Japan . Glynn arrived on April 17 , 1849 , and insistently demanded the release of the prisoners , and threatened an intervention of the United States . With some help from the Dutch in the negotiations , the prisoners were finally delivered to him on April 26 . He was the first American to negotiate successfully with Japan . Geisinger ' s last assignment was at the Philadelphia Naval Asylum . He was placed on the retired list on September 13 , 1855 , and died in Philadelphia on March 5 , 1860 .
Cherbury Camp Cherbury Camp is the name given to the ' multi - vallate ' hill - fort - like earthworks , situated at , 1 mile to the north of Charney Bassett , in the Vale of White Horse district of Oxfordshire , England . It is joined to the village by a footpath . This appears to be an Iron Age fortification but is far away from any hill or other vantage point . It is , nonetheless , larger than its counterpart , Uffington Castle , on the nearby Berkshire Downs . The surrounding area was likely to have been marshy , so the site may have had strategic importance . In structure and unusual siting , it resembles nearby Hardwell Castle . Legend has it that the local inhabitants of Uffington Castle travelled the intervening 6 miles to raid Cherbury Camp , where King Canute and his invading army were encamped . However , a young shepherd boy spotted them and blew his horn as a warning to the Danes . They are said to have consequently prevailed in the subsequent battle , which took place at the crossroads half - way between Charney Bassett and Buckland . The area became known as Gainfield as a result . The shepherd boy was granted all the land within the sound of his horn , around Pusey , as a reward for his vigilance . However true or otherwise this local legend may be , the horn , known as the " Pusey Horn " , is now housed in the Victoria and Albert Museum . There was also once an inn in Charney Bassett , called the " Horn Inn " . It was closed during the Second World War . An archaeological excavation was carried out at Cherbury camp in the late 1930s . The report on this was published in " Oxoniensia " vol . 5 , and is available online at http : / / www . oahs . org . uk / oxo / vol % 205 / Bradford . doc