naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Philip James Shears Major - General Philip James Shears CB was the only son of James Charles Shears , a mechanical engineer from Kingston upon Thames , Surrey , and Beatrice Jane Margaret Dumas , and was born on 6 April 1887 in Surbiton , Surrey . He was also a great - grandson of coppersmith Daniel Towers Shears , a partner of James Shears and Sons . He went on to serve as Colonel of The Border Regiment ( now part of The King ' s Own Royal Border Regiment ) from 1947 to 1952 . In 1948 Philip Shears published " The Story of the Border Regiment , 1939 - 1945 " . He died on 7 April 1972 .
HMS St Albans ( 1706 ) HMS " St Albans " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Rotherhithe and launched on 10 December 1706 . " St Albans " underwent her first rebuild at Plymouth Dockyard , where she was reconstructed to the dimensions laid out in the 1706 Establishment , and relaunched on 6 March 1718 . On 10 September 1734 orders were issued for her to be taken to pieces and rebuilt for a second time at Plymouth , though on this occasion according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment . She was relaunched on 30 August 1737 . " St Albans " was wrecked in 1744 .
Rodeleros Rodeleros ( " shield bearers " ) , also called espadachines ( " swordsmen " ) colloquially known as " Sword and Buckler Men " were Spanish troops in the early 16th ( and again briefly in the 17th ) century , equipped with steel shields or buckler s known as " rodela " and sword s ( usually of the side - sword type ) . Originally conceived as an Italian attempt to revive the legionary swordsman , they were adopted by the Spanish and used with great efficiency in the Italian Wars during the 1510s and 1520s , but discontinued in the 1530s . The majority of Hernán Cortés ' s troops during his campaigns in the New World were rodeleros : in 1520 , over 1000 of his 1300 men were so equipped , and in 1521 he had 700 rodeleros , but only 118 arquebus iers and crossbow men . Bernal Díaz , the author of an account of Cortés ' conquest of the Aztecs , served as a rodelero under Cortés . When the Spanish adopted the " colunella " ( the first of the mixed pike and shot formations ) , they used small groups of sword and buckler men to break the deadlock of the push of pike , as the Swiss and Germans used halberd iers , comparable to the role of the German " Doppelsöldner " during the same period . At the Battle of Ravenna in 1512 , they proved to be deadly at this tactic ; however , when facing a fresh , well ordered pike square , they were vulnerable , as at the Battle of Seminara . They were also very vulnerable to attack by cavalry . As battlefield tactics evolved during the early 16th century , the Spanish ultimately concluded that the vulnerability of the rodeleros on the battlefield outweighed their strengths , and they were dropped as a troop type when the Spanish infantry were reorganized into tercio s in the 1530s . Occasional attempts were made to revive them , such as by Maurice of Nassau , who armed his guard troops with a sword and buckler in addition to a pike . Later during the Thirty Years War , some military theorists proposed deploying swordsmen equipped with large iron shields in front of the pikemen to protect them from being shot by enemy musketeer s , but it is doubtful whether this fanciful tactic was either successful or much employed in practice .
Brazilian ironclad Silvado The Brazilian ironclad " Silvado " was originally ordered by Paraguay in 1864 with the name " Nemesis " , but was sold to Brazil when Paraguay could not make the final payments . Footnotes . Nemesis - . Later Brazilian Silvado . This monitor was very manoeuvrable due to twin screw propellers and rudders . Iron hull . Displacement 2 , 350tons ( full load ) . 63 . 75m o . a . X 14 . 32m X 3 . 20m . Two Mazeline engines and boilers , 947ihp / 10 . 7knots . Armour : turrets 203mm ( ports ) – 114mm , 114mm belt ( max ) . Four 70pdr ML Whitworth ML guns . Collapsible bullwarks all around the ship . Cost 73 , 538 Sterling Pounds . Discarded 1880 .
HMS Lion ( 1847 ) HMS " Lion " was a two - deck 80 - gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 29 July 1847 at Pembroke Dockyard . She was fitted with screw propulsion in 1859 . In 1871 " Lion " was activated as a training ship at Devonport , and for a number of years she was anchored off Torpoint . With the construction of a shore facility at Shotley , " Lion " was sold out of the navy for breaking up in 1905 .
B - class blimp The B class blimps were patrol airships operated by the United States Navy during and shortly after World War I . The Navy learned a great deal from the DN - 1 fiasco . The result was the very successful B - type airships . Dr . Jerome Hunsaker was asked to develop a theory of airship design , Lt . John H . Towers returned from Europe having inspected British designs , the Navy sought bids for 16 blimps from American manufacturers . On 4 February 1917 the Secretary of the Navy directed that 16 nonrigid airships of Class B be procured . Ultimately Goodyear built 9 envelopes , Goodrich built 5 and Curtiss built the gondolas for all of those 14 ships . Connecticut Aircraft contracted with U . S . Rubber for its two envelopes and with Pigeon Fraser for its gondolas . The Curtiss - built gondolas were modified JN - 4 fuselages and were powered by OX - 5 engines . The Connecticut Aircraft blimps were powered by Hall - Scott engines . First Flight . The first flight a B class blimp was made by the engineers who built it , Ralph Upson and Lt Preston . They successfully delivered the B . 1 from the Chicago area to hangars still under construction at Wingfoot Lake near Akron Ohio . Operational history . The Navy set up airship stations along the East Coast , at Chatham , Massachusetts , Montauk , Long Island , Rockaway Beach in NY City , Cape May , New Jersey , Norfolk , Virginia , and Key West and Pensacola , Florida . Bases were also established at San Diego , California , and Coco Solo in the Panama Canal Zone . The 16 original B - types operated extensively from the East coast bases starting in mid - 1917 mostly on training missions , but also patrol operations several were lost , and at least one was involved in a search and rescue operation for a downed Navy float plane . Three gondolas were rebuilt as B - 17 , - 18 , and - 19 by Goodyear , and that firm also built one new car which appears to have been the B - 20 . B - types also operated from San Diego and Coco Solo . One Chatham - based B - type was involved in spotting a U - boat and called in seaplanes to attempt an attack . The B - type airships operated some 13 , 500 hours and trained over 160 Naval Aviators in airship operations . It is believed that the B - type airships were painted olive drab . Most of the " B " s were stricken soon after the Armistice though two survived until 1924 .
SS Walter L M Russ Walter L M Russ was a 1 , 538 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1927 by Neptun AG , Rostock , Germany for Ernst Russ . In 1945 , she was seized by the Allies and passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . It was intended that she would be renamed Empire Concourse but she ran aground on 15 July 1945 at Grassholm , Bristol Channel and was wrecked . Description . The ship was built in 1927 by Neptun AG , Rostock . The ship was long , with a beam of a depth of . She had a GRT of 1 , 538 and a NRT of 890 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had two cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by AG Neptun . History . " Walter L M Russ " was built for Ernst Russ , Hamburg . The Code Letters RGJK were allocated . In 1934 , her Code Letters were changed to DHZG . On 2 March 1936 , she was in collision with the German schooner " Condor " in the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal . The schooner sank . " Walter L M Russ " was seized by the Allies in May 1945 at Schleswig . She was passed to the MoWT . It was intended that she would be renamed " Empire Concourse " . On 15 July 1945 , " Walter L M Russ " ran aground at Grassholm , in the Bristol Channel and was wrecked . Nine crew were rescued by the Angle Lifeboat , " Elizabeth Elson " . James Watkins , the lifeboat ' s Coxwain , was awarded a RNLI Bronze Medal for his part in the rescue . " Walter L M Russ " lies in of water .
USS Justin ( IX - 228 ) The USS " Justin " ( IX - 228 ) , formerly the liberty ship " Gus W . Darnell " , was built by Todd Houston Shipbuilding Corporation , Houston , Texas , in 1944 . She was operated as a cargo ship in the Pacific and acquired by the US Navy on 2 September 1945 ; and commissioned at Guiuan Roadstead , Philippine Islands on 4 September 1945 with Lieutenant William T . Hamilton in command . " Justin " departed for Shanghai , China , 20 October where she embarked naval passengers for transport to the United States . She picked up a cargo of 3 , 000 bags of mail at Guam before arriving San Francisco , California 23 December 1945 . " Justin " decommissioned at San Francisco 23 January 1946 and was turned over to the War Shipping Administration . She was placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay , California , until being sold 25 May 1954 to the Boston Metals Corporation and scrapped .
39th Infantry Division ( India ) 39th Indian Infantry Division ( originally the 1st Burma Division ) was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II , which became a Training Division in 1943 after its recovery into India from Burma . History . The 1st Burma Infantry Division was formed 14 July 1941 at Toungoo in Burma . The Division was part of the British Burma Army . On the outbreak of war , the division was commanded by Major - General James Bruce Scott . It consisted of the 1st and 2nd Burma Infantry Brigade s , and the 13th Indian Infantry Brigade . Throughout the Japanese conquest of Burma , the division interchanged many units with its fellow Burma Corps component , 17th Indian Infantry Division . At various times the 7th Armoured Brigade , 16th Indian Infantry Brigade , 48th Indian Infantry Brigade , and 63rd Indian Infantry Brigade came under command of the division , though only the original three brigades finally entered India as part of the division at the end of the arduous retreat , reduced to fractions of their original strength . The 1st Burma Division changed to an Indian formation at the end of the 1942 campaign . While the majority of the Burma Army was reconstituted elsewhere in India , the division headquarters was retained at the front . The 39th division was soon re - roled as a Light Division with two infantry brigades and Mule and jeep transport companies . However this change happened more in name than in anything else as it never actually began to convert to an entirely mule and jeep based transport and supply system . The decision to convert the division to a training role was undertaken after the poorly executed Arakan offensive when it was realised that the troops being sent into the field , both British and Indian , while not lacking conventional military fighting skills , lacked the necessary knowledge and training to operate in the Burmese jungle . The 39th was joined in its training role by the 14th Indian Infantry Division which had been the main operational unit during the Arakan offensive and had suffered badly both in terms of casualties and morale as a result . Assigned brigades . All theses brigades were assigned or attached to the division at some time during World War II
French ship Napoléon ( 1850 ) The Napoléon was a 90 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , and the first purpose - built steam battleship in the world . She is also considered the first true steam battleship , and the first screw battleship ever . Launched in 1850 , she was the lead ship of a class of 9 battleships , all built over a period of 10 years . This class of ship was designed by the famous naval designer Dupuy de Lôme . Technological context . Before the experimental adoption of the screw in warships in the 1840s , the only available steam technology was that of the paddle wheels , which , due to their positioning on the side of the hull and the large machinery they required were not compatible with the broadside cannon layout of the battleships . Developments by other navies . From 1844 – 45 the Anglo - French Entente collapsed following the French interventions in Tahiti and Morocco , and the publication of French pamphlets advocating a stronger navy ( such as " " Notes sur l ’ état des forces navales " " by the Prince de Joinville ) , leading to an arms race in the naval area . The United Kingdom already had a few coastal units with screw / steam propulsion in the 1840s , called " blockships " , which were conversions of small traditional battleships into floating batteries with a jury rig , with a medium engine for speeds of to . The Royal Navy had also commissioned a number of steam sloop s , HMS " Rattler " being the first screw - propelled warship to be launched anywhere in the world in 1843 . Both nations had also developed steam frigates , the French " Pomone " launched in 1845 , and the British " Amphion " a year later . However , the " Napoléon " was the first regular steam battleship to be launched . In 1847 , Britain had designed a screw / steam battleship named the " James Watt " , but the project much delayed and she didn ' t enter service until 1854 . Her sister ship , the " Agamemnon " was ordered in 1849 and commissioned in January 1853 . Another sailing battleship , " Sans Pareil " was converted to steam on the stocks and launched in March 1851 ; she beat " Agamemnon " into service in November 1852 . Britain ’ s reluctance to commit to the steam battleship apparently stemmed from her commitment to long - distance , worldwide operation , for which , at that time , sail was still the most reliable mode of propulsion . In the end , France and Great Britain were the only two countries to develop fleets of wooden steam battleships , although several other navies are known to have had at least one unit , built or converted with British technical support ( Russia , Turkey , Sweden , Naples , Denmark and Austria ) . Altogether , France built 10 new wooden steam battleships and converted 28 from older battleship units , while Britain built 18 and converted 41 .
Roosevelt Mercer , Jr . Maj . Gen . Roosevelt Mercer Jr . is the Director of Plans and Policy , United States Strategic Command , Offutt Air Force Base , Nebraska . He is directly responsible to the Commander , USSTRATCOM , for the development and implementation of national security policy and guidance , military strategy and guidance , space and weapons employment concepts and policy , and joint doctrine as they apply to the command and the execution of its missions . He is also responsible for the development of the nation ' s strategic war plan , strategic support plans for theater combatant commanders , and contingency planning for the Global Strike mission . General Mercer is a 1975 graduate of the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma , Washington , and a distinguished graduate of its ROTC program . The general has commanded an ICBM operations squadron and operations group in North Dakota , as well as a spacelift logistics group in Florida . In addition , he commanded a space wing in California responsible for both satellite and ballistic missile test launch operations , followed by a training wing in Air Education and Training Command . The general also served as Vice Director of Plans , U . S . Space Command , Peterson AFB , Colo . ; Deputy Director of Operations , Headquarters Air Force Space Command , Peterson AFB ; and as the Commandant , Joint Forces Staff College , National Defense University , Norfolk , Virginia . Prior to assuming his current position , General Mercer was the Director of Combat and Information Operations , Global Operations Directorate , U . S . Strategic Command , Offutt AFB . Badges . Master Missile Operations Badge Master Space Badge Weapon systems : Titan II and Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missiles ; Delta , Atlas , Titan II and Titan IV launch vehicles ; Eastern Range and Western Range optics , radar , telemetry and command destruct systems Other achievements . Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award , NAACP Jaycees ' Outstanding Young Man of America Tribute before the U . S . Senate , Congressional Record , Vol . 148 , 2002 Effective dates of promotion . Second Lieutenant June 4 , 1975 First Lieutenant October 2 , 1977 Captain October 2 , 1979 Major May 1 , 1985 Lieutenant Colonel June 1 , 1989 Colonel January 1 , 1993 Brigadier General October 1 , 2000 Major General January 1 , 2005
Albatros C . I The Albatros C . I was the first of the successful C - series of two - seat general - purpose biplanes built by Albatros Flugzeugwerke during World War I . Based on the unarmed Albatros B . II , the C . I reversed the pilot and observer seating so that the observer occupied the rear cockpit which was fitted with a ring - mounted 7 . 92 mm ( 0 . 312 in ) Parabellum MG14 machine gun . Design and development . When the C . I first appeared in early 1915 , its good handling and powerful 110 kW ( 150 hp ) Benz Bz . III engine gave it an edge over most Allied aircraft . During development of the type , successively more powerful engines were fitted , culminating in the 130 kW ( 180 hp ) Argus As III which allowed the final version of the C . Ia to achieve 140 km / h ( 87 mph ) at sea level with an operational ceiling of 3 , 000 m ( 9 , 840 ft ) . A dual - control variant , designated the C . Ib , was built as a trainer aircraft by Mercur Flugzeugbau . Improvements to the C . I resulted in the Albatros C . III which became the most prolific of the Albatros C - types . Operational history . While the C . I was operated mainly in a reconnaissance and observation role , it also had some success as an early fighter aircraft - Oswald Boelcke claimed his first victory while flying a C . I with Lt . von Wühlisch as the gunner . Germany ' s most famous World War I aviator , Manfred von Richthofen , also began his career as an observer in the C . I on the Eastern Front .
German submarine U - 62 ( 1939 ) German submarine " U - 62 " was a Type IIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " that served in World War II . She was built by Deutsche Werke AG , Kiel , and commissioned on 21 December 1939 . " U - 62 " was initially assigned to the 5th U - boat Flotilla during her training period , until 1 January 1940 , when she was re - assigned to the 1st flotilla for a front - line combat role . " U - 62 " carried out five war patrols , sinking one warship in May 1940 and one merchant ship in July . The U - boat was scuttled in Wilhelmshaven in May 1945 . Operational career . 1st and 2nd patrols . " U - 62 " s first patrol began with her departure from the German island of Helgoland ( also known as ' Heligoland ' ) , on 13 February 1940 . She crossed the North Sea to the Orkney and Shetland Islands . The return journey terminated in Wilhelmshaven on 6 March . Her second sortie was also through the North Sea but stayed closer to Norway , beginning in Wilhelmshaven and ending in Kiel . 3rd patrol . The boat was attacked by an unidentified submarine on 24 May 1940 , but " U - 62 " evaded the torpedo es . She went on to sink the destroyer HMS " Grafton " off the Kwinte Buoy northwest of Ostend in Belgium on 29 May . The British warship had been employed on Operation " Dynamo " , the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) . As a result , many of the dead included soldiers . 4th and 5th patrols . Her fourth foray was through the ' gap ' between the Faroe and Shetland Islands as far as Northern Ireland , but finished in Bergen in Norway on 7 July 1940 . " U - 62 " s final patrol was marked by the sinking of the " Pearlmoor " on 19 July 1940 west of Malin Head , ( the most northerly point on the Irish mainland ) . Disaster almost struck on the return leg to Bergen when she was attacked by the British submarine HMS " Dolphin " on the 29th . She avoided the attack and entered Bergen with just 27 minutes of battery life remaining . Training and fate . " U - 62 " was assigned to the 21st U - boat Flotilla as a training boat on 1 October , and was briefly commanded by Waldemar Mehl between 5 November and 19 November 1941 . She was scuttled in Wilhelmshaven on 2 May 1945 , shortly before the German surrender .
No . 164 Squadron RCAF No . 164 Squadron was a transportation squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force that formed at Moncton , New Brunswick in January 1943 . It was the primary source of crews and aircraft for airlift within Canada . Squadron detachments operated out of Dartmouth , Nova Scotia , Rivers , Manitoba , Edmonton , Alberta and Winnipeg , Manitoba . Following World War II the squadron was split up with the detachment at Dartmouth becoming No . 426 Squadron RCAF and the detachment at Edmonton becoming No . 435 Squadron RCAF . Both squadrons still operate as transport squadrons with the Canadian Forces
94th Infantry Regiment ( France ) The 94th Infantry Regiment ( " 94e régiment d ’ infanterie " or " 94e RI " ) is a French Army regiment . It originated in 1709 as a German regiment in the French army known as the régiment Royal - Bavière . From 1780 to 1791 it was known as the régiment Royal - Hesse - Darmstadt . It is the inheritor of the traditions of the Imperial Guard and thus is also known as the Grenadiers de la Garde or La Garde rather than by its number .
Fort Lawton Air Force Station Fort Lawton Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located on Fort Lawton in the Magnolia neighborhood of northwest Seattle , Washington . The Air Force inactivated its unit in 1963 ; while the site remained under Army control until 1974 . Today the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) operates the site as part of the Joint Surveillance System ( JSS ) . History . The station was established at Fort Lawton , Washington on 1 April 1960 by Air Defense Command . The station was established as a consolidation of Army and Air Force radar units in the Seattle area due to funding reductions . Fort Lawton AFS was given the ADC designation " RP - 1 " , as it replaced the radars at McChord AFB which were relocated as part of the consolidation . In addition , the station was a joint - use facility with the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) . The Army established Army Air - Defense Command Post ( AADCP ) " S - 90DC " at the station for Nike missile command - and - control functions . The station was initially an AN / FSG - l Missile - Master Nike Radar Direction Center . It was later equipped with the AN / GSG - 5 ( V ) BIRDIE solid - state computer system . The Air Force 635th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron worked jointly with Army radar controllers at the station . The site used an FAA ARSR - 1 C search radar and two Air Force AN / FPS - 6 A height - finder radars . ( The Army also had 2 AN / FPS - 6 variant height - finder radars of their own . ) On 11 June , Fort Lawton AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , feeding data to DC - 12 at McChord AFB . After joining , the squadron was re - designated as the 635th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . In addition to the main facility , Fort Lawton operated an AN / FPS - 14 Gap Filler site : In late 1962 , an AN / FPS - 26 height - finder radar was installed . On 31 December 1962 , Air Force moved the 635th RADS to Dauphin Island AFS , Alabama , however a detachment operated at Fort Lawton until March 1963 . The Army continued operations at the site until the AADCP was inactivated 1 September 1974 . The Fort Lawton radar site remains in use by the FAA today , still operating the ARSR - 1 E search radar .