naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Leach ( VC ) James Edgar Leach VC ( 27 July 1892 – 15 August 1958 ) was a British Army officer and English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Leach was 22 years old , and a Second Lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion , The Manchester Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 29 October 1914 near Festubert , France , after their trench had been taken by the enemy and two attempts to recapture it had failed , Second Lieutenant Leach and Sergeant John Hogan with a party of 10 volunteers went to recover it themselves . They took the Germans by surprise with a sudden bayonet attack and then working from traverse to traverse they gradually succeeded in regaining possession , killing eight of the enemy , wounding two and taking 16 prisoners . He later achieved the rank of Captain . After the war , Leach served in the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Ernest Peter Burger Ernst Peter Burger ( September 1 , 1906 — October 9 , 1975 ) was a German - American who was a spy and saboteur for Germany during World War II . He was captured but escaped execution . He was deported to Germany in 1948 . Operation Pastorius . Born in Augsburg , Burger was a machinist by trade . He had lived in the United States for some years , even serving in the National Guard . Despite his history as a survivor of a Nazi internment camp and harassment of his wife by Nazi party members , Burger was recruited by the Abwehr , Nazi Germany ' s intelligence organization . He took part in Operation Pastorius , a plan by which eight German saboteurs were to be transported by U - Boat to the United States . Burger and the others landed with the intention of damaging United States economic targets . Apprehension and trial . George John Dasch , another saboteur , almost immediately lost his nerve and betrayed his comrades . He surrendered and told the FBI of Burger ' s location . FBI agents followed Burger to two other saboteurs , before arresting him . When all eight agents had been apprehended , the saboteurs were tried and convicted of treason and espionage . All were sentenced to execution by electrocution ; however , Burger ' s sentence was commuted by President Franklin D . Roosevelt to life in prison and Dasch ' s to thirty years because of their cooperation . In 1948 , President Harry S . Truman granted executive clemency to Dasch and Burger on the condition that they be deported to the American Zone of occupied Germany . They were not welcomed back in Germany , as they were regarded as traitors who had caused the death of their comrades . Although they had been promised pardons by Hoover in exchange for their cooperation , both men died without ever receiving them .
Japanese destroyer Natsuzuki Natsuzuki was an " Akizuki " - class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy . On 5 October 1945 , " Natsuzuki " was removed from the Navy List . On 25 August 1947 , she was turned over to Great Britain . She was scrapped at Uraga , Kanagawa in 1948 .
Henryk Toruńczyk Col . Henryk Torunczyk , born in Włocławek , ( 1909 – 1966 ) was a Polish soldier . He later volunteered to fight with the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War . He was sometime commander of the Naftali Botwin Company ; Chief of Staff of XIII International Brigade and leader of an " International Unit " formed in January 1939 from a rump of Brigade veterans who remained in Spain after demoblisation . They crossed the border in Spain on about 9 January 1939 He later became a partisan . Since 1943 he was surveyor of forming with NKVD aid Szamodzielny Batalion Szturmowy . He is also called : Henrik Torunczyk and Henrik Tourunczyk .
Charles J . Bibber Gunner ' s Mate Charles J . Bibber ( born 1838 ) was an American sailor who fought in the American Civil War . Bibber received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the First Battle of Fort Fisher aboard the USS Agawam on December 23 , 1864 . Biography . Bibber was born in Portland , Maine . He enlisted into the navy on 2 May 1864 . Bibber was aboard the USS Agawam when it exploded near Fort Fisher on December 23 , 1864 . The crew skillfully assisted in towing the powder boat to shore before it was detected by the enemy . He received the medal of honor for his action during this event .
Canada - class ship of the line The " Canada " class ships of the line were a series of four 74 - gun third rate s designed for the Royal Navy by William Bateley . The name ship of the class was launched in 1765 . Design . During this period in British naval architecture , the 74 - gun third rates were divided into two distinct groupings : the ' large ' and ' common ' classes . The " Canada " class ships belonged to the latter grouping , carrying 18 pdr guns on their upper gun decks , as opposed to the 24 pdrs of the large class . Service . , made famous for Nelson ' s actions at the Battle of Cape St Vincent , belonged to this class of ships .
864th Bombardment Squadron The 864th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 494th Bombardment Wing , based at Sheppard AFB , Texas . It was inactivated on 2 April 1966 . History . Established in late 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron under II Bomber Command at Wendover Field , Utah ; later moving to Mountain Home Army Air Field , Idaho to complete its final phase of training . At Mountain Home , the squadron received new very long range B - 24J aircraft in early May . Deployed to Hawaii Territory and assigned to VII Bomber Command . Remained in Hawaii with aircraft undergoing modifications while training for long range flights over the Pacific Ocean . Deployed to Angaur in the Palau Islands in October , flying very long range combat missions against Japanese airfields on Yap and Koror . Conducted strikes on other bypassed enemy installations in the Pacific and against the Japanese in the Philippines . Late in 1944 hit gun emplacements , personnel areas , and storage depots on Corregidor and Caballo at the entrance to Manila Bay ; bombed radio installations and power plants at Japanese bases in the Philippines ; and attacked enemy - held airfields , including Clark Field on Luzon . Early in 1945 struck airfields on Mindanao and ammunition and supply dumps in the Davao Gulf and Illana Bay areas . Moved to Okinawa in June 1945 . Engaged primarily in attacks against enemy airfields on Kyūshū until V - J Day . Also participated in incendiary raids , dropped propaganda leaflets over urban areas of Kyūshū and struck airfields in China , in southern Korea , and around the Inland Sea of Japan . After the war ' s end in September , the unit remained on Okinawa as older units began to demobilize . The squadron was engaged in transporting personnel and supplies in the Southwest Pacific , and moving necessary occupation support elements from Manila to Tokyo . Began to demobilize in November and December , with personnel returning to the United States ; inactivated as a paper unit in the United States on January 4 , 1946 . Reactivated by Strategic Air Command in 1958 as Missile Training squadron at Redstone Arsenal , Alabama . Provided training for Italian Air Force personnel in the operation and launching of the PGM - 19 Jupiter Intermediate - Range Missie . Inactivated 1 June 1960 . Reactivated under Strategic Air Command in 1963 , being a redesignation of the provisional 717th Bombardment Squadron , consisting of 15 B - 52D Stratofortress es at Sheppard AFB , Texas . Performed intercontinental training and deployments , also standing nuclear alert . By 1966 , Intercontinental ballistic missile s ( ICBM ) had been deployed and become operational as part of the United States ' strategic triad , and the need for B - 52s had been reduced . In addition , funds were also needed to cover the costs of combat operations in Indochina . The squadron was inactivated on 1 April 1966 and its aircraft were reassigned to other SAC units .
Dewoitine D . 770 The Dewoitine D . 770 was a prototype French twin - engined attack aircraft of the late 1930s . It was intended as a replacement for the Breguet 693 but testing was incomplete by the time that France surrendered to Germany , and no production followed . Design and development . In August 1937 , the " Service Technique de l ' Aeronautique " ( or French Air Ministry ) released a specification for a light attack bomber . The Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Midi ( SNCAM ) , the nationalised Dewoitine company , proposed a three - seater twin - engined aircraft to meet this requirement , with two prototypes being ordered , with the Dewoitine D . 770 to be powered by two Hispano - Suiza 12Y V12 engines and the Dewoitine D . 771 to be powered by two Gnome - Rhône 14N radial engines but otherwise similar to the D . 770 . In the meantime , it was decided to adapt the Breguet 690 twin - engined fighter aircraft to an attack aircraft , with 200 Breguet 691 attack aircraft ordered in June 1938 . The prototype D . 770 was completed at SNCAM ' s Toulouse factory in the spring of 1939 . It was a mid - winged cantilever monoplane of stressed skin all - metal construction , with a monocoque fuselage and a retractable tailwheel undercarriage . A 20 - mm cannon and two 7 . 5 mm machine guns were mounted in the aircraft ' s nose , and could be depressed to an angle of - 15 degrees aimed by the pilot . A single machine gun was flexibly mounted in the dorsal position , with two more machine guns in a ventral position , while eight bombs could be carried in a bomb - bay . The crew of three were protected by of armour . The D . 770 made its maiden flight on 27 June 1939 , flown by test pilot Marcel Doret . While the aircraft demonstrated good speed , it suffered from engine cooling problems and poor stability , and testing was slow , and was not complete in June 1940 when the French surrender resulting in the test programme being abandoned . Although the D . 771 was completed in December 1939 , it never flew , as the French Air Force by now preferred the larger and more capable Bloch 175 and SNCAM were busy with the more urgent Dewoitine D . 520 fighter . Both prototypes were scrapped in 1941 .
Rainbow Bluff Expedition The Rainbow Bluff Expedition took place on December 9 , 1864 during the American Civil War . The Confederate Water mine s overwhelmed the Union Expedition , and the Union had to call the Expedition quits . The Expedition . On 9 December , an expedition , which included the gunboat USS Wyalusing , moved farther up the Roanoke to capture Rainbow Bluff and a Confederate ram , rumored to be under construction at Halifax , North Carolina . While anchoring near Jamesville , North Carolina , Otsego , another gunboat , struck two torpedoes ( mines ) and sank up to her gun deck . Bazely , a tug , moved alongside Otsego to offer assistance , but she , too , struck a torpedo and sank immediately . Wyalusing and the remainder of the expedition left the two partially sunken ships under the protection of their own unsubmerged guns and headed upriver , cautiously dragging for torpedoes as they went . By the time they had reached the point of attack , the Confederate positions at Rainbow Bluff had been so well reinforced and the approaches so heavily strewn with torpedoes that the Union ships had to abandon the enterprise . Wyalusing and her consorts returned to Plymouth on 28 December 1864 and resumed blockade and amphibious support duties .
Gray Angels The US company McDonnell Aircraft received a request in 1942 for a jet fighter which could be operated from U . S . Navy aircraft carrier s . The eventual result was the FH - 1 Phantom , a twin - engined craft that was only moderately faster than the best propeller fighters of the time . The Navy ordered 100 planes ( only 60 were actually built ) , and the first units were delivered in 1947 . They were used to equip one Navy and two United States Marine Corps squadrons . They were the first carrier - based pure jet fighters acquired and put into operational service by the Navy . The Marines used a few of their planes to form an aerial formation - flight demonstration team , dubbed " The Flying Leathernecks " ( which was also the title of a 1951 film starring John Wayne , concerned with Marine aviation activity in World War II ) . Three flag officers in the Navy , Admiral Daniel V . Gallery and Rear Admirals Apollo Soucek and Edgar A . Cruise , checked themselves out in the Phantom and made fly - by appearances at the inauguration ceremony of New York City ' s Idlewild Airport and the 1948 Cleveland Air Race s . They referred to themselves as The Gray Angels , a reference to the actual Navy flight - demonstration team known as the Blue Angels ( formed in 1945 , the Blue Angels ' official title was " U . S . Navy Flight Demonstration Team " , and they were first referred to as " Lancers " , but within a few months the references were changed to " Blue Angels " ) . The " Grays " flew in various air show s during the summer of 1947 , but the team was abruptly disbanded after their poorly timed arrival at a September air show in Cleveland , Ohio nearly caused a head - on low - altitude collision with a large formation of other aircraft .
Battle of Schöngrabern The Battle of Schöngrabern ( also known as the " Battle of Hollabrunn " ) was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition , fought on 16 November 1805 near Hollabrunn in Lower Austria , four weeks after the Battle of Ulm and two weeks before the Battle of Austerlitz ( Slavkov , Moravia - now Czech Republic ) . The Russian army of Kutuzov was retiring north of the Danube before the French army of Napoleon . On 13 November 1805 Marshals Murat and Lannes , commanding the French advance guard , had captured a bridge over the Danube at Vienna by falsely claiming that an armistice had been signed , and then rushing the bridge while the guards were distracted . Kutuzov needed to gain time in order to make contact near Brno ( Brünn ) with reinforcements led by Buxhowden . He ordered his rearguard under Major - General Prince Pyotr Bagration to delay the French . Murat and Lannes commanded the 4th and 5th Corps and the Reserve Cavalry . Bagration took up a position about 6 km north of Hollabrunn , on the hill above the small town of Schöngrabern ( today part of Grabern ) . Murat believed that the whole of the Russian army was before him , and hesitated to attack . Bagration then suggested to Murat that negotiations for an armistice should be opened . Murat agreed , and did not attack . When Napoleon was informed of this he was furious and wrote to Murat : On 16 November 1805 Murat informed Bagration that the armistice would end at 5 : 00 pm . The confused action took place during the night . After sustaining several French assaults and holding the position for some six hours , Bagration was driven out and executed a skilled and organised withdrawal to retire northeast to join the main Russian army . His skillful defence in the face of superior forces successfully delayed the French enough for the Russian forces of Kutusov and Buxhowden to unite at Brno ( Brünn ) on 18 November 1805 . The battle in fiction . The battle is depicted in Leo Tolstoy ’ s novel " War and Peace " . Prince Andrei Bolkonsky is present and attaches himself to the artillery battery of Captain Tushin . As the battle progresses the battery ends up alone and unsupported , becoming the deciding factor in the successful withdrawal of the Russian troops . Later that evening , some Russian staff officers accuse Captain Tushin of having abandoned his artillery pieces , rather than retreating with the guns as ordered . Prince Andrei tells Bagration that there were no supporting Russian troops , and that Captain Tushin and his men might well have been the vital point in delaying the French advance . Given the lack of detail in historical sources for this battle , it is unclear how closely Tolstoy ' s version of the battle relates to the historical action .
U . S . – Japan Status of Forces Agreement U . S . – Japan Status of Forces Agreement ( official name : Agreement under Article VI of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America , Regarding Facilities and Areas and the Status of United States Armed Forces in Japan ) is an agreement between Japan and the U . S . approved and enacted in 1960 as stipulated in article VI of the U . S . - Japan Security Treaty , signed January 19 , 1960 in Washington . It is a status of forces agreement that concerns the treatment of United States Armed Forces stationed in Japan . The SOFA has become a major political issue following instances of violent crimes allegedly committed by servicemembers . Although the Japanese court system has jurisdiction for most crimes committed by American servicemembers in Japan , there are exceptions if the American was " acting in official duty , " or if the victim was another American . In those cases the American system has jurisdiction , unless it is voluntarily waived . Additionally , some idiosyncracies of the agreement create areas of perceived privilege for American servicemembers . For instance , because the SOFA exempts most U . S . military members from Japanese visa and passport laws , past incidents occurred in which U . S . military members were transferred back to the U . S . before facing charges in Japanese courts . Furthermore , the agreement requires that if a U . S . servicemember is suspected of a crime but is not captured outside of a base by the Japanese authorities , the U . S . authorities are to retain custody until the servicemember is formally indicted by the Japanese . Although the agreement also requires U . S . cooperation with Japanese authorities with investigations , the Japanese authorities often object that they still do not have regular access to question or interrogate U . S . servicemembers , making it difficult for Japanese prosecutors to prepare cases for indictment . This is exacerbated by the unique nature of Japanese pre - indictment interrogations , which are focused on eliciting a confession as a prerequisite for indictment , are often conducted without a lawyer , and can last as long as 23 days . Given the difference between this interrogation system and the system in the U . S . , the U . S . has argued that the extraterritoriality granted its military members under the SOFA is necessary to afford them the same rights that exist under the U . S . criminal justice system . However , since the 1995 Okinawan rape incident , the U . S . has agreed to favorably consider handing over suspects in serious cases such as rape and murder before they have been charged .
Main support battalion A main support battalion ( MSB ) was a US Army logistics formation in the pre - modular army . The role of the MSB was to support soldiers in the division rear and provide designated reinforcing support to the forward support battalions . Organization . One MSB was organic to each Division Support Command . The MSB comprised :
Alexander Konstantinovich Abramov Alexander Konstantinovich Abramov ( ) ( 1836 – 1886 ) was a Russia n general . Serving under general Mikhail Chernyayev during the time of Russia ' s conquest of Central Asia , Abramov is perhaps best known for leading the siege against the Uzbekistan city of Samarkand in 1868 .
Michael J . Squier Michael J . Squier ( born May 17 , 1946 ) is a retired United States Army Brigadier General who served as Deputy Director of the Army National Guard . Early life . Michael J . Squier was born in Boise , Idaho on May 17 , 1946 . He enlisted in the Idaho Army National Guard in 1963 , and graduated from Borah High School in 1964 . Start of military career . Squier received his commission after completing Officer Candidate School in 1965 . He advanced through several assignments in Idaho , including Platoon Leader with the 116th Ordnance Company ; Tactical Officer at the Idaho Military Academy ; Platoon Leader and later Commander of the 116th Heavy Equipment Maintenance Company ; and Commandant of the Idaho Military Academy . Later military career . In 1978 Squier became a full - time member of the National Guard and was assigned as a Staff Officer in the National Guard Bureau ’ s Mobilization Readiness Division . He subsequently served as Assistant Executive to the Chief of the National Guard Bureau . In 1986 Squier received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Management from the University of Maryland , and he completed the United States Army War College in 1987 . From July , 1987 to November , 1988 was Commander of the 145th Support Battalion , a unit of the 116th Cavalry Brigade . From November , 1988 to May , 1991 he was Commander of the Equipment Maintenance Center for the 29th Area Support Group , a subordinate command of United States Army Europe . From May to November , 1991 Squier was Deputy Chief of Public Affairs at the National Guard Bureau . From November , 1991 to September , 1995 he served as Chief of the Readiness Division at NGB . Squier served as Executive Officer to the Chief of the National Guard Bureau from September , 1995 to September , 1996 . He was assigned as Chief of Staff at the National Guard Bureau from September , 1996 to February , 1998 . In February , 1998 Squier was appointed Deputy Director of the Army National Guard and promoted to Brigadier General . He served until retiring in September , 2002 . Military education . In addition to being a graduate of the University of Maryland and the Army War College , Squier completed : the Maintenance Officer Management Course ; Infantry Officer Advanced Course , and United States Army Command and General Staff College . Post military career . Squier has been employed by defense contractors in the Washington , D . C . area , including CACI . He resides in Manassas , Virginia . Awards and decorations . Additional awards . Squier is a recipient of the National Infantry Association ’ s Order of Saint Maurice ( Primicerius ) .
Stinson L - 13 The Stinson L - 13 ( sometimes known as the Grasshopper , like other aircraft of its type ) was a US military utility aircraft first flown in 1945 . Developed when Stinson was a subsidiary of Consolidated Vultee , rights to it were not included in the 1948 sale of Stinson to Piper . Mass production was therefore undertaken by Convair , which built some 300 of them . It was a conventional high - wing tailwheel monoplane used for observation , liaison , and air ambulance duties . Following their military service , some were converted for civil bush flying use , fitting a radial engine by Acme Aircraft Company as the Centaur , while others underwent similar conversions by Caribbean Traders Inc , as the Husky .