naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
George Phillips ( USMC ) Private George Phillips ( July 14 , 1926 – March 14 , 1945 ) was a United States Marine who was posthumous ly awarded the Medal of Honor for sacrificing his own life to save the lives of fellow Marines on Iwo Jima by throwing himself over an activated hand grenade . Biography . George Phillips was born in Bates County , Missouri on July 14 , 1926 , and worked on the railroad before enlisting in the United States Marine Corps on April 25 , 1944 . During the Battle of Iwo Jima , the night of March 14 , 1945 , Pvt . Phillips was standing guard as the other Marines in his unit were resting . A Japanese soldier tossed a hand - grenade toward the group . Realizing the gravity of the situation , Phillips sacrificed his life by smothering the hand grenade to save the lives of his fellow Marines . For this action , he was awarded his nation ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor . The decoration was received by his uncle , with whom Pvt Phillips had formerly resided . Initially buried in the 5th Marine Division Cemetery on Iwo Jima , Pvt Phillips ' remains were reinterred in Bethel Cemetery , Labadie , Missouri , in 1948 . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to PRIVATE GEORGE PHILLIPS UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE for service as set forth in the following CITATION : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving with Second Battalion , Twenty - eight Marines , Fifth Marine Division , in action against enemy Japanese forces during the seizure of Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands , on 14 March 1945 . Standing the fox - hole watch while other members of his squad rested after a night of bitter hand grenade fighting against infiltrating Japanese troops , Private Phillips was the only member of his unit alerted when an enemy hand grenade was tossed into their midst . Instantly shouting a warning , he unhesitatingly threw himself on the deadly missile , absorbing the shattering violence of the exploding charge in his own body and protecting his comrades from serious injury . Stouthearted and indomitable , Private Phillips willingly yielded his own life that his fellow Marines might carry on the relentless battle against a fanatic enemy and his superb valor and unfaltering spirit of self - sacrifice in the face of certain death reflect the highest credit upon himself and upon the United States Naval Service . He gallantly gave his life for his country . / S / HARRY S . TRUMAN
Bombsite A bombsite is the wreckage that remains after a bomb has destroyed a building or other structure . World War II bombsites . After World War II many European cities remained severely damaged from bombing . London and other British cities which had suffered the Blitz were pock - marked with bombsites , vacant lots covered in the rubble of destroyed buildings . Many postwar children in urban areas shared a common memory of playing their games and riding their bicycles across these desolate environments . There were often abandoned bombshelters of the ' Anderson ' type nearby . In London , Liverpool , Bristol , etc . , across the channel in Berlin and other places these sites were constant reminders of the death and destruction of the war . This was a contributory factor to the European psycho - sociological outlook of the 1950s and 1960s . The German city of Dresden suffered a previously unprecedented level of destruction . Bombsites in Literature and Media . The rubble of Viennese bombsites and the remnants of the city ' s battered infrastructure serve as a backdrop to much of the action in the movie " The Third Man " , written by Graham Greene , an author who would return to this bombsite motif again . Also , author Graham Greene references to bombsites in his 1954 short story " The Destructors " .
Hans - Peter Knaust Hans - Peter Knaust ( 7 August 1906 – 22 October 1983 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Knaust was born on 7 August 1906 in Kiel in the Province of Schleswig - Holstein , a province of the Kingdom of Prussia . Knaust joined " Infanterie - Regiment " 4 ( 4th Infantry Regiment ) on 5 March 1924 and was transferred to " Infanterie - Regiment " 5 ( 5th Infantry Regiment ) on 1 April 1934 . Both regiments were subordinated to the 2 . Division of the Reichswehr in the Weimar Republic . Battle of Arnhem . Knaust led a " Kampfgruppe " ( battle group ) against John Frost ' s forces in the Battle of Arnhem ( 17 – 26 September 1944 ) during the Western Allies ' Operation Market Garden , the ill - fated attempt to capture the bridges over the Rhine .
German submarine U - 358 German submarine " U - 358 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out five patrols before being sunk north of the Azores by British warships in March 1944 . She was a member of 11 wolfpack s . She sank four ships and one warship . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 25 June 1940 at the " Flensburger Schiffsbau " yard at Flensburg as ' werk ' 477 , launched on 30 April 1942 and commissioned on 15 August under the command of " Oberleutnant " Rolf Manke . 1st patrol . The boat ' s first patrol was in two parts ; it began with her departure from Kiel on 12 January 1943 . During the second part , which began with her departure from Kristiansand in Norway on the 16th , she negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and sank the " Neva " west of these islands on the 22nd . On the 26th , she sank the " Nortind " east of Cape Farewell , ( Greenland ) . She arrived at St . Nazaire in occupied France on 8 March . 2nd patrol . Having left St . Nazaire ( which would be her base for the rest of her career ) on 11 April 1943 , " U - 357 " sank the " Bristol City " and the " Wentworth " ; she was attacked south of Cape Farewell by the British corvette HMS " Pink " and badly damaged . ( This attack had originally credited " Pink " with the destruction of " U - 192 " . 3rd patrol . The submarine ' s third foray took her south , as far as the Gulf of Guinea , off the west African coast . At 84 days , it was her longest patrol . 4th patrol . Sortie number four saw the boat northeast of the Azores . 5th patrol and loss . " U - 357 " had left St . Nazaire on 14 February 1944 . From the 29th , she was hunted by the British frigates HMS " Gould , " Affleck " , " Gore " and " Garlies " north of the Azores . " Gore " and " Garlies " had to break off the assault and sail to Gibraltar to re - fuel . The U - boat sank " Gould " on 1 March , but " Affleck " persisted with the attack , sinking " U - 357 " with gunfire after the submarine was forced to the surface . 50 men died in the U - boat ; there was one survivor .
Dominic A . Cariello Dominic A . Cariello is a Brigadier General in the National Guard of the United States and is the Land Component Commander of the Wisconsin Army National Guard . Biography . Cariello obtained a B . S . in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin - Parkside in 1992 . As a civilian he works at a paving and construction manufacturer in Racine , Wisconsin . Career . Cariello originally enlisted in the United States Army Reserve in 1981 before transferring to the Wisconsin Army National Guard and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in 1983 . His assignments have included humanitarian work during Hurricane Katrina and a tour of duty in the War in Afghanistan . Awards he has received include the Bronze Star Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Army Commendation Medal , the Army Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal with silver oak leaf cluster and bronze oak leaf cluster , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Afghanistan Campaign Medal with two service stars , the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , the Humanitarian Service Medal , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with mobilization device and silver hourglass device , the Army Service Ribbon , the Overseas Service Ribbon , the NATO Medal , and the Combat Action Badge .
Dún Aonghasa Dún Aonghasa ( anglicized Dun Aengus ) is the most famous of several prehistoric forts on the Aran Islands of County Galway , Ireland . It is on Inishmore , at the edge of an 100 metre high cliff . A popular tourist attraction , Dún Aonghasa is an important archaeological site that also offers a spectacular view . It is not known when Dún Aonghasa was built , though it is now thought to date from the Iron Age . T . F . O ' Rahilly surmised that it was built in the 2nd century BCE by the Builg following the Laginian conquest of Connacht . Today we know that the first construction goes back to 1100 BCE , when the first enclosure was erected by piling rubble against large upright stones . Around 500 BCE , the triple wall defences were probably built along the western side of fort . Dún Aonghasa has been called " the most magnificent barbaric monument in Europe . " Its name , meaning " Fort of Aonghas " , refers to the pre - Christian god of the same name described in Irish mythology , or the mythical king , Aonghus mac Úmhór . Form and function . The fort consists of a series of four concentric walls of dry stone construction , built on a high cliff some one hundred metres above the sea . Surviving stonework is four metres wide at some points . The original shape was presumably oval or D - shaped but parts of the cliff and fort have since collapsed into the sea . Outside the third ring of walls lies a defensive system of stone slabs , known as a cheval de frise , planted in an upright position in the ground and still largely well - preserved . These ruins also feature a huge rectangular stone slab , the function of which is unknown . Impressively large among prehistoric ruins , the outermost wall of Dún Aonghasa encloses an area of approximately 6 hectares ( 14 acres ) . Although clearly defensible , the particular location of Dún Aonghusa suggests that its primary purpose was religious and ceremonial rather than military . It may have been used for seasonal rites by the druids , perhaps involving the bonfire s that could be seen from the mainland of Ireland . The location also provides a view of as much as 120 km ( 75 mi ) of coastline , which may have allowed for control over a coastal trading highway . Visitor notes . The walls of Dún Aonghasa have been rebuilt to a height of 6m and have wall walks , chambers , and flights of stairs . The restoration is easily distinguished from the original construction by the use of mortar . Exploring Dún Aonghasa requires a bit of climbing , and there is no rail at the edge of the cliff , so it may not be a good place to visit with small children or people with mobility problems . There is a small museum illustrating the history of the fort and its possible functions . Also in the vicinity is a Neolithic tomb and a small heritage park featuring examples of a traditional thatched cottage and an illegal poteen distillery . Neighboring sites . Dún Dúchathair ( Black Fort ) , Dún Eoghanachta ( Fort of the Eóganachta ) , and Dún Eochla are similar prehistoric sites on Inishmore . Dún Chonchúir ( Fort of Conchobar ) is located on nearby Inishmaan .
Charles Frederick Fisher Charles Frederick Fisher ( December 26 , 1816 – July 21 , 1861 ) was an American attorney , legislator , engineer , and soldier from Rowan County , North Carolina who during the American Civil War became the Colonel commanding the 6th North Carolina Regiment . Fisher ' s gallantry leading a charge on a Union Army battery at the First Battle of Bull Run cost him his life and made him an early hero of the Confederacy ; Fort Fisher was named for him .
Grigore Sturdza Grigorie Sturdza ( 1821 – 1901 ) was a Moldavia n general and politician . Biography . A son of Mihail Sturdza , he was educated in France and Germany . He became a general in the Ottoman army under the name of Muklis Pasha , and afterwards attained the same rank in the Moldavian army . He was a candidate for the Moldavian throne in 1859 , and subsequently a prominent member of the Russophil party in the Romania n parliament .
Alois Wosnitza Alois Wosnitza ( 17 November 1914 – 13 December 1982 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel and ground - attack pilot in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he flew 1217 missions of which about 150 wewe flown with the Focke Wulf Fw 190 . He was credited with the destruction of 104 tanks , two armoured train s , 12 bridges , one freighter , one troop transport and several landing crafts . He also claimed two aerial victories and he had been nominated for the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) , which was never approved .
USS R - 15 ( SS - 92 ) USS " R - 15 " ( SS - 92 ) was an " R " - class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco , California , on 30 April 1917 . She was launched on 12 October 1917 sponsored by Mrs . Thales S . Boyd , and commissioned on 27 July 1918 with Lieutenant Thales S . Boyd in command . Service history . 1918 – 1931 . Following shakedown , " R - 15 " conducted operations in waters adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone . Based at Balboa through December 1918 , she returned to California in January 1919 ; operated between San Pedro , California , and San Diego , California , until March ; then proceeded to Mare Island Naval Shipyard for overhaul prior to her transfer to Pearl Harbor . Arriving there on 25 June , " R - 15 " was given hull classification symbol SS - 92 in July 1920 . She remained in Hawaiian waters , participating in the development of submarine warfare tactics until 12 December 1930 , when she got underway for the East Coast and inactivation . Decommissioned at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 7 May 1931 , " R - 15 " remained in the Reserve Fleet until ordered to New London , Connecticut , for activation in the summer of 1940 . 1940 – 1945 . Arriving in the Thames River on 9 September , she recommissioned 1 April , and in June sailed south for duty in the Canal Zone . For the next three months she operated with SubRon 3 . On 3 October she got underway for New London , arriving on 23 October and reporting for duty in SubRon 7 . Patrol duties off the coast followed the entry of the United States into World War II . In February 1942 she again sailed south . In early March she patrolled in the Virgin Islands area then shifted to training and patrol duties out of Trinidad . Relieved in early August , " R - 15 " returned to the Virgin Islands thence continued on to Bermuda and with the fall , back to New London . In December , " R - 15 " returned to the Caribbean Sea and operated out of Guantanamo Bay . Further training duties in waters adjacent to the Virgin Islands and off Bermuda followed , and in April 1944 she returned to New London . Following ten months of operating out of New London , " R - 15 " returned to the Bermuda area on 14 December . For the remainder of the war she operated off the Florida coast and from 1 March to 17 June 1945 , from Guantanamo Bay . On 2 September she put into Key West , Florida , to complete her last tour . " R - 15 " was decommissioned 17 September 1945 , struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 October 1945 , and sold the same month to Macey O . Scott of Miami , Florida .
OF - 40 The OF - 40 tank was developed as a joint venture between OTO Melara and FIAT , and intended primarily for export sales . OTO Melara would develop and produce the hulls , and automotive components would be provided by FIAT . Initial design work was started by OTO Melara in 1977 , with the first prototypes ready by 1980 . Design . Superficially , the OF - 40 appears very similar to versions of the German Leopard 1 with welded turrets ( Leopard 1A3 & 1A4 ) . The OF - 40 does share some common components with the Leopard 1 , which had also been produced under license by OTO Melara since 1974 . The OF - 40 follows a conventional modern tank design . The driver is located in the front - right of the hull , with ammunition storage and NBC overpressure system located to the driver ' s left . The turret is located toward the middle of the tank , with the gunner and commander on the right side of the turret , and the loader on the left . Sales . While the tank was trialed by Thailand , demonstrated in Egypt and offered for local production in Spain and Greece , the only orders for the vehicles ultimately came from the United Arab Emirates . The first UAE order of 18 OF - 40s was filled in 1981 . This was followed by a second order for 18 more OF - 40s , and 3 OF - 40 derived armoured recovery vehicle s which was filled by 1985 . OTO Melara no longer offers the OF - 40 for purchase . Variants . OF - 40 Mk . 2 - The Mk . 2 version of the OF - 40 featured an improved fire control system which featured better gun stabilisation and additional sensors . The Mk . 2 also had an improved day / night periscope for the commander , a scope with better magnification for the gunner , and a turret mounted LLLTV camera . All UAE OF - 40s have been upgraded to Mk . 2 standard . OF - 40 ARV - An armoured recovery vehicle based on the OF - 40 hull . OF - 40 SPAAG - Although it was never produced , a self - propelled anti - aircraft vehicle similar to the Gepard was proposed should any customers request it . Related Developments . Palmaria - The OF - 40 hull was later used as the basis for the Palmaria self - propelled artillery system . The Palmaria met with far more success than the OF - 40 , with 210 being ordered by Libya and 25 by Nigeria . Argentina purchased the Palmaria turrets , but used their own TAM hulls . OTOMATIC - Both Leopard 1 and OF - 40 hulls were used during the development for the as yet unordered OTOMATIC self - propelled air - defence system
Green Cross ( chemical warfare ) Green Cross ( Grünkreuz ) is a World War I chemical warfare pulmonary agent consisting of chloropicrin ( PS , Aquinite , Klop ) , phosgene ( CG , Collongite ) and / or trichloromethyl chloroformate ( Surpalite , Perstoff ) . Green Cross is also a generic World War I German marking for artillery shells with pulmonary agents ( chemical payload affecting the lungs ) . The tip of the grenade with the fuse end painted green and a green cross at the bottom of the cartridge . Other Green Cross mixtures were based on phosgene and / or diphosgene . The first use of Green Cross was on May 31 , 1915 in a German offensive in Ypres . The mixture was chlorine - phosgene , with 95 % and 5 % .
SS Katong Katong was a 1 , 923 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1944 by Lübecker Maschinenbau - Gesellschaft , Lübeck , Germany as Peter Rickmers for Rickmers Line . She was seized as a war prize at Stettin in May 1945 and passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and renamed Empire Colne . In 1947 she was sold to Singapore and renamed " Katong " . She was sold in 1971 and renamed Greengate . In 1972 she was sold and renamed Ever Glory . She was scrapped in 1974 . Description . The ship was built by Lübecker Maschinenbau - Gesellschaft and was launched in 1944 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 1 , 923 and a NRT of 935 . The ship was propelled by a steam engine . History . " Peter Rickmers " was built for Rickmers Line . In 1945 , she was seized in an incomplete state at Stettin . Declared a war prize , she was completed at Lübeck as " Empire Colne " . Her port of registry was London . The United Kingdom Official Number 180845 and Code Letters GDPX were allocated . She was operated under the management of Indo - China Steam Navigation Co Ltd . In 1947 , she was sold to the Straits Steamship Co Ltd , Singapore and was renamed " Katong " . She served until 1971 when she was sold to Greenland Ocean Lines Ltd , Singapore and was renamed " Greengate " . In 1972 , she was sold to Lam Kok Shipping Co , Singapore and was renamed " Ever Glory " . She was scrapped in June 1974 in China .
Surya missile The Surya missile is an ICBM speculated to be in development by India . The first report about the Surya missile was published by " The Nonproliferation Review " in 1995 , albeit the status remains unconfirmed as of 2012 . History . According to a report published in The Nonproliferation Review , in the Winter of 1995 , Surya ( meaning the Sun in Sanskrit and many Indian languages ) is the codename for the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile that India is reported to be developing . The DRDO is believed to have begun the project in 1994 . This report has not been confirmed by any other sources until 2010 . Officials of the Indian government have repeatedly denied the existence of the project . According to the report , the Surya is an intercontinental - range , surface - based , solid and liquid propellant ballistic missile . The report further adds that Surya is the most ambitious project in India ' s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme . The Surya is speculated to have a range between 10 , 000 to 16 , 000 kilometers . As the missile is yet to be developed , the specifications of the missile are not known and the entire program continues to remain highly secretive . It is believed to be a three - stage design , with the first two stages using solid propellants and the third - stage using liquid . In 2007 , the " Times of India " reported that the DRDO is yet to reveal whether India ' s currently proposed ICBM will be called Agni - V . As of 2009 it was reported that the government had not considered an 10 , 000 - km above range ICBM .