naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Via Militaris Via Militaris or Via Diagonalis was an ancient Roman road , starting from Singidunum ( today the Serbian capital Belgrade ) , passing by Danube coast to Viminacium ( mod . Požarevac ) , through Naissus ( mod . Niš ) , Serdica ( mod . Sofia ) , Philippopolis ( mod . Plovdiv ) , Adrianopolis ( mod . Edirne in Turkish Thrace ) , and reaching Constantinople ( mod . Istanbul ) . This road was connected with Via Egnatia by other roads - the road along river Axios ( or Vardar ) , the Serdica – Thessalonica road along river Strymon ( or Struma ) , and the road Philippopolis – Philippi . It was built in the 1st century AD . The length from Singidunum to Constantinople was 924 kilometres . In May 2010 , while work was done on the Pan - European Corridor X in Serbia , well - preserved remains of the road were excavated in Dimitrovgrad , Serbia . The eight - metre wide road was constructed from large blocks of stone and had two lanes . References .
Yamanaka Castle History . Yamanaka Castle was built by Hōjō Ujiyasu in the Eiroku era ( 1558 – 1577 ) , to guard the western approaches to the clan ’ s primary castle , Odawara Castle . The site was also chosen for its strategic location overlooking the Tōkaidō , the main highway connecting the eastern provinces of Japan with the capital at Kyoto . Despite the growing tension between the Late Hōjō clan and Toyotomi Hideyoshi , only a modest attempt was made to strength the defenses of the castle . During the 1590 Battle of Odawara , Toyotomi Hidetsugu led a force of 70 , 000 warriors against Yamanaka Castle , which was defended by Hōjō Ujikatsu with only 4 , 000 troops . Despite the disparity in numbers , the Toyotomi forces took heavy losses , including one general , Hitotsuyanagi Naosue ; however , the castle fell in only a half day of combat and most of its defenders were killed . Yamanaka Castle was not rebuilt during the Edo period , and the site reverted to forest . The remains of its moats and earthen works were proclaimed a National Historic Site in 1930 . In 2006 , the site of Yamanaka Castle was listed as one of the 100 Fine Castles of Japan by the Japan Castle Foundation , primarily due to its historical significance .
James Stevenson ( East India Company officer ) Major General James Stevenson ( died 1805 ) was a British East India Company cavalry officer who saw extensive service throughout India . He commanded a cavalry squadron at the battles of Seringapatam and Mallavelly , and in late 1800 he was temporarily appointed as district governor of Mysore . He took part in the Second Anglo - Maratha War in which he served as Major General Arthur Wellesley ' s senior subordinate and led the successful assaults on the Maratha strongholds at Jalna , Burhanpur and Asirgarh . Stevenson was promoted to major general in January 1805 , but he died while aboard a ship returning to England later that year .
Wilhelm Schmitter Wilhelm Schmitter ( 18 December 1913 – 8 November 1943 ) was a German Luftwaffe bomber pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . On 8 November 1943 , Wilhelm Schmitter was declared missing in action after failing to return from a mission over London . He was posthumously awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross on 24 March 1944 .
Cecil Harcourt Admiral Sir Cecil Halliday Jepson Harcourt , GBE , KCB ( Chinese Translated Name : 夏慤 ; 11 April 1892 – 19 December 1959 ) , was a British naval officer . From September 1945 to June 1946 , Harcourt was the de facto governor of Hong Kong as commander - in - chief and head of the military administration . He was called by the Chinese name " Ha Kok " , a reference to the fourth - century Chinese nobleman Chung Kok . Biography . He was born in Bromley , London , son of Halliday Harcourt and Grace Lilian née Jepson . He had a distinguished career in the Royal Navy , which he entered as a midshipman on 15 September 1904 , at the age of 12 . He served in both world wars . In 1939 , he was appointed Director of the Admiralty ' s Operations Division . In 1941 he was Flag Captain of the Home Fleet , while commanding HMS Duke of York . From 1942 to 1944 he took part in the North Africa campaign , the capture of Tunisia , Pantelleria . Lampedusa and Sicily , and the landing at Salerno . In 1944 he became Naval Secretary . In 1945 , he was Flag Officer Commanding 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron , with his flag in HMS " Colossus " . He became famous after he personally took the surrender of Japanese forces ( under Vice - Admiral Fujita and Lieutenant - General Tanaka ) in Hong Kong . He became the head of a provisional military government in Hong Kong from September 1945 to April 1946 , serving as administrator until civilian rule could be established . He was knighted during this time , in December 1945 . In 1947 , Harcourt became Flag Officer ( Air ) and Second in Command Mediterranean Fleet . In 1948 , he became Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel as well as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty , and in 1950 Commander - in - Chief , The Nore . He retired in 1952 . Ships he commanded . Ships under Harcourt ' s command included : Private life . On 17 April 1913 , he assumed the surname " Harcourt - Morris " , but this lasted only a short time . In 1920 he became the second husband of the English pianist Evelyn Suart , a widow . They had no children of their own . One of her daughters by her first marriage was the noted ballerina Diana Gould , who became the second wife of the violinist Yehudi Menuhin . Her sister Griselda became the second wife of the pianist Louis Kentner . After Evelyn Suart ' s death in 1950 , Harcourt married Stella , widow of Air Commodore David Waghorn , in 1953 . Places named after him . Harcourt Road , a main road in Hong Kong Island , and Harcourt Garden are named after him .
Danville National Cemetery ( Virginia ) Danville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Danville , near Pittsylvania County , Virginia . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , it had 2 , 282 interments . It is administered by Salisbury National Cemetery . History . Danville National Cemetery was established just after the American Civil War in December 1866 on a plot of . Almost all of the original interments were Union prisoners of war that were held in the city of Danville in tobacco warehouses converted into Confederate prisoner of war camps . Most of the bodies of these American soldiers were initially buried in poorly marked , mass graves , but were later exhumed and buried with individual markers . Soldiers from Ohio , Illinois , Pennsylvania , Massachusetts , New York , New Jersey , and Wisconsin are some of the states represented . The cemetery is open to visitors throughout the year . Danville National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 .
Menangle Park Paceway Menangle Park Paceway is a harness racing track operating in Menangle Park , New South Wales , Australia . History . The " Menangle Park Racecourse " was opened in 1914 and after the outbreak of World War I , it was requisitioned as an army camp used for the Australian Light Horse . The facility was returned to the owners for horse racing , until 18 November 1941 , when the racecourse was again taken over by the military during World War II . The racecourse was converted into a military camp , providing camping and training facilities for Royal Australian Air Force constructed an aerodrome at the site in 1942 , which went through the middle of the racecourse , which was known as " Menangle Aerodrome " . The aerodrome was a satellite aerodrome for RAAF Station Schofields and the runway was long and wide . Seven splinterproof pens and five concealed hideouts were constructed at the aerodrome . The site was also used as an aircraft park for HMS Nabthorpe , a Royal Navy Mobile Operational Naval Air Base , based at Schofields . Units based at Menangle Aerodrome . After the abandonment of Menangle aerodrome , the site was a location for scenes for the film Smithy based on the historic flight of Charles Kingsford Smith . The NSW Trotting Club acquired the site in 1952 and redeveloped the racecourse as a paceway , which officially opened on 26 September 1953 . The newly re - constructed Menangle Park Paceway ( opened in 2008 ) is the fastest and largest harness racing circuit in Australia at 1400 metres , and is now the major harness racing venue in New South Wales , hosting major events such as the Miracle Mile . In 2011 , the track saw the first sub 1 : 50 mile ever run in Australasia , with Smoken Up running 1 : 48 . 5 in the Len Smith Mile . < br >
Siege of Patras ( 1821 ) The Siege of Patras was one of the first events of the Greek War of Independence ( 1821 - 1830 ) . After the outbreak of the revolution , the Greeks of Patras tried to capture the main castle of the city . After a long period and several sieges , finally the Ottomans restored the order and Patras remained under Ottoman control almost until the end of the war .
Battle of Xiushui River The Battle of Xiushui River was fought in March 1939 as part of the Battle of Nanchang , northeast of Nanchang , China . During the Second Sino - Japanese War , Japanese artillery forces marched a long distance into the vast area of continental China . They were much troubled by bad roads . To lighten the burden on transport , many regiments replaced their artillery with mountain gun s . Most fights in China were pursuit battles ; large artillery battles seldom happened . In the Battle of Nanchang , the Japanese deployed the largest artillery force of the Sino - Japanese War . They bombarded in support of their crossing of the Xiushui River ( 1939 ) . However , the Chinese offered little resistance and the Japanese bombardment ceased when it reached one third of the planned level . Order of battle . The Japanese Army used the " 6th Field Heavy Artillery Brigade " artillery unit under the command of Major Gen . Sumita . The artillery sections used were
John Robinson ( Medal of Honor ) John Robinson ( born 1840 , date of death unknown ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . A native of Cuba , Robinson joined the Navy from the U . S . state of Maine . By January 19 , 1867 , he was serving as captain of the hold on the . On that day , he and another man , Acting Ensign James H . Bunting , swam ashore during a storm in Pensacola Bay to aid their ship . For this action , Robinson was awarded the Medal of Honor a month later , on February 23 . Robinson ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : With Acting Ensign James H . Bunting , during the heavy gale which occurred in Pensacola Bay on the night of 19 January 1867 , Robinson swam ashore with a line for the purpose of sending off a blowcock , which would facilitate getting up steam and prevent the vessel from stranding , thus voluntarily periling his life to save the vessel and the lives of others .
Equipment of the Finnish Army This is a list of weapons used by the Finnish Army , for past equipment , see here . Armour . ! Model ! ! Image ! ! Origin ! ! Type ! ! Variant ! ! Number ! ! Details ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Tank s ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Infantry fighting vehicle ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Armoured personnel carrier s ( tracked ) MT - LBu - TP < br > MT - LBu - PS < br > MT - LB V ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Armoured personnel carrier s ( wheeled ) ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Jeep s ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | All - terrain vehicles ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Engineer Vehicles ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Support vehicles Air - defence . Anti - aircraft protection of important targets is provided by Crotale anti - aircraft missile systems mounted on Sisu Pasi armoured vehicles , ASRAD - R anti - aircraft missile system mounted on Unimog 5000 trucks and by Swiss Oerlikon 35 mm twin - barrel AA guns . Helsinki and other important targets are protected by the late - generation Soviet SAM missile system BUK M1 ( SA - 11 ) . Close - range anti - aircraft support for troops is provided by 23 mm twin - barrel AA guns ( Soviet - made ZU - 23 - 2 ) , shoulder - fired Igla - M missiles . The SA - 18 SAMs are scheduled to be replaced by the early 2010s . Possible candidates are , MBDA Mistral , Saab Bolide , FIM - 92 Stinger , SA - 24 Igla - S , PZR GROM and LIG Nex1 Chiron . Infantry weapons . Assault rifles : Machine guns : Sniper rifles : Pistols & submachine guns : Support weapons : Bilateral trade agreements between Finland and the Soviet Union often included weapons . As a curiosity , many Russian weapons were supplied as a " package " . For example , tanks came with AK - 47 sidearms for the crew . A large amount of Soviet equipment was also bought from Germany after the German reunification . Army Aviation . The NH90 TTH ( Tactical Transport Helicopters ) is the main type of transport helicopters used , having replaced Soviet Mi - 8 s . The Army also uses Hughes 500 D and E helicopters in reconnaissance and training roles . The Finnish Army has 11 unmanned reconnaissance airplanes ( RUAG Ranger ) , which are used for reconnaissance and artillery targeting purposes . The Finnish Army is also field testing Patria ' s new mini - UAV . Due to the 3 - year delivery delay of the NH90s , the Finnish Army had to refurbish two of its remaining Mil Mi - 8s in Saint Petersburg , in order to increase their lifespan by 5 years . Another option , which was evaluated , but not exercised as an intermediate solution was the possible lease , and later purchase , of an unknown number of UH - 60M Black Hawk helicopters from the United States .
Battle of Peonnum The Battle of Peonnum was fought about 660 CE between the West Saxons under Cenwalh and the Britons of what is now Somerset in England . It was a decisive victory for the Saxons , who gained control of Somerset as far west as the River Parrett . The location of the battle is uncertain . Saxon conquest . The border between the West Saxons and the Britons of Somerset had been set at the Wansdyke along the ridge of the Mendip Hills following the Battle of Deorham and the Saxon occupation of Bath in 577 . Then , in 652 , Cenwalh broke through at the Battle of Bradford on Avon . Relief for the Britons came when Cenwalh was exiled to East Anglia after a squabble with Penda of Mercia . Some time after his return he anewed the attack on the British tribes and in 658 his army met the Britons for a climactic battle at Peonnum . The Saxons were victorious , and Cenwalh advanced west through the Polden Hills to the River Parrett , annexing eastern and central Somerset . The territory gained was modest in size ; Geoffrey Ashe suggests that Cenwalh ' s ultimate goal may have been gaining control over the valuable Glastonbury Abbey within it . The border remained at the Parrett until 681 – 685 , when Centwine of Wessex defeated King Cadwaladr of Gwynedd and his local allies , allowing them to occupy the rest of Somerset west and north to the Bristol Channel . West Saxon rule was consolidated and extended into Devon by King Ina . Location . The battle is said to have happened " æt peonnum " , which means " at the " penns " " . " Penn " is the Brittonic Celtic word for " head " or " top " , which here is likely used for " hill " or " peak " . Suggested locations include Penselwood ( " Pen Selwood " ) , near Wincanton which is called " Penna " in the Domesday Book , Pinhoe or Pen Beacon in Devon , and Penn ( near Yeovil ) .
Dallas - Fort Worth National Cemetery Dallas - Fort Worth National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Dallas , Texas ( USA ) . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , had 13 , 166 interments . History . Dallas - Fort Worth National Cemetery was established in 2000 on the eastern shore of Mountain Creek Lake north of Dallas Baptist University . It is the sixth National Cemetery created in Texas and was created to meet the future needs of American veterans , nearly 1 . 5 million of whom live in the state of Texas . It currently has space for over 280 , 000 interments . It already serves as the resting place for several soldiers who have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan ( 2001 – present ) .
Walter Kniep Walter Kniep ( 13 December 1909 — 22 April 1944 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) , in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Walter Kniep was born in East Prussia on the 13 December 1909 , he volunteered to join the SS and was selected to become an officer . His first command was the 3rd Company , SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Der Führer " in 1941 . He went on to command the III . Battalion , SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Deutschland " both part of the " Das Reich " Division . In 1942 he then took over command of the 2nd SS Sturmgeschütz ( assault gun ) Battalion and was noted for being the most notable Waffen SS Stug commander . From July 5 of 1943 to January 17 of 1944 , his unit claimed the destruction of some 129 Russian tanks , while losing two Stugs . For these actions , Kniep was awarded the Knight ’ s Cross . He was given command of the 17th SS Panzer Regiment , 17th SS Panzer Grenadier Division " Götz von Berlichingen " . Walter Kniep was killed in an accident on the 22 April 1944 at Thouars in France , when he was accidentally shot during training when a soldier was unloading a Luger pistol .
182nd Ohio Infantry The 182nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 182nd OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 182nd Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio August 4 through October 13 , 1864 and mustered in for one year service on October 27 , 1864 under the command of Colonel Lewis Butler . Five companies were first organized at Camp Toledo in Toledo , Ohio before being sent to Camp Chase to complete organization of the regiment . The regiment was attached to Post and Defenses of Nashville , Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to December 1864 . 2nd Brigade , 4th Division , XX Corps , Department of the Cumberland , to March 1865 . Garrison at Nashville , Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to July 1865 . The 182nd Ohio Infantry mustered out of service July 7 , 1865 at Nashville , Tennessee and was discharged at Camp Chase on July 13 , 1865 . Detailed service . Left Ohio for Nashville , Tenn . , November 1 . Post and garrison duty at Nashville , Tenn . , November 1864 to July 1865 . Battle of Nashville December 15 – 16 , 1864 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 61 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
Frank Thompson ( SOE officer ) Major William Frank Thompson ( 17 Aug 1920 – 10 June 1944 ) was a British officer who acted as a liaison officer between the British Army and the Bulgarian communist and antifascist partisans during World War II . Thompson was born in Darjeeling , Bengal Presidency , British India to a British missionary family . He was educated at Winchester College and New College , Oxford . His younger brother , E . P . Thompson , became the English historian , socialist and peace campaigner . In 1939 , while studying at the University of Oxford , he became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain under the influence of his close friend Iris Murdoch . Despite his affiliation , he did not support the party ' s policy of neutrality dictated by the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact and joined the British Army as a volunteer , serving in England , North Africa , Syria , Iraq , Sicily , Serbia and Bulgaria . He was part of the Special Operations Executive . On 25 January 1944 , along with three other commandos , Major Thompson was sent on a parachute landing mission to establish a link between the British staff and the Bulgarian partisans led by Slavcho Transki ; he landed near Dobro Pole , Macedonia . The commandos carried a radio to keep in connection with the staff in Cairo , Egypt and Bari , Italy , but it broke down . On 23 May , Thompson took part in the clash at the village of Batuliya between the Bulgarian Gendarmerie and the Second Sofia Brigade of National Liberation of the partisans . He was wounded by the gendarmerie forces , captured and executed by firing squad in the nearby village of Litakovo . After the war and the establishment of a Communist government in Bulgaria , the nearby villages of Livage , Lipata , Tsarevi Stragi , Malak Babul , Babul and Zavoya were merged and renamed to Thompson in the British officer ' s honour . E . P . Thompson wrote two books about his brother , the first with his mother , " There is a Spirit in Europe : A Memoir of Frank Thompson " . The second , " Beyond the Frontier : the Politics of a Failed Mission , Bulgaria 1944 " , appeared in 1996 .
HMS Virago ( 1895 ) HMS " Virago " was a B - class torpedo boat destroyer of the British Royal Navy . She was completed by Laird , Son & Company , Birkenhead , in 1895 . One of four " Quail " - class destroyers she served during the Great War and was sold off after hostilities ended . References .
Tokugawa Ieyoshi Tokugawa Ieyoshi ( 徳川 家慶 , June 22 , 1793 – July 27 , 1853 ; r . 1837 – 1853 ) was the 12th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan . He was the second son of the 11th shogun , Tokugawa Ienari , and appointed Mizuno Tadakuni to conduct the Tenpo reform . Shortly after the arrival of U . S . Commodore Matthew Perry , in 1853 , whose purpose was to negotiate a treaty allowing American trade with Japan , Tokugawa Ieyoshi died , and was succeeded by his third son Tokugawa Iesada . The following year the Tokugawa shogunate was forced to accept the American demands after signing the Convention of Kanagawa . Ieyoshi died in 1853 . His grave is at the Tokugawa family mausoleum at Zōjō - ji in Shiba . Eras of Ieyoshi ' s " bakufu " . The years in which Ieyoshi was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or " nengō " . In popular culture . Tokugawa Ieyoshi is a minor character in Stephen Sondheim ' s musical " Pacific Overtures , " in which he is murdered by his mother , using poisoned chrysanthemum tea . He is also a minor character in the first two Nemuri Kyoshiro made - for - TV specials starring Tamura Masakazu .
Fred Papas Fred Papas was a captain in the German SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( in recognition of extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership ) while he was a second lieutenant and a company commander in the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division in December 1944 . Papas survived the war and died on the 2 December 1984 .
German submarine U - 13 ( 1935 ) German submarine " U - 13 " was a Type IIB U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " which was commissioned on 30 November 1936 , following construction at the Deutsche Werke shipyards at Kiel . The first commander on board was Hans - Gerrit von Stockhausen . In its career it completed nine patrols , all while serving with the 1st U - boat Flotilla . It succeeded in sinking nine ships and damaging three more . Fate . " U - 13 " was sunk on 31 May 1940 , in the North Sea 11 miles south - east of Lowestoft , in position by depth charge s from the British sloop . There were no casualties .