naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Indian Home Guard ( American Civil War ) The Indian Home Guard were volunteer infantry regiments recruited from the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory to support the Union during the American Civil War . The leaders of all of the Five Civilized Tribes signed treaties with the Confederacy at the start of the Civil War . Many of the tribal members , however , did not support the Confederacy , and , not being organized , were driven from Indian Territory with a large loss of life . Most fled to Kansas and Missouri . Many of the " Loyal " Indians volunteered for Union duty in order to get control back from the Confederate generals . The Indian Home Guard regiments fought mostly in Indian Territory and Arkansas . It was mainly due to these Loyal Indians that the Five Civilized Tribes were able to retain any of their lands following the end of the Civil War . Indian Home Guard Regiments . 3rd Regiment , Indian Home Guard . The Third Regiment was formed at Talequah and Park Hill in July 1862 . It was commanded by Colonel William A . Phillips . Many of its troops had previously fought for the Confederate Army , particularly the First Cherokee Mounted Rifles that had been commanded by Colonel John Drew . 4th Regiment , Indian Home Guard . Organization commenced but not completed . Men transferred to other organizations .
R . 550 Magic The R . 550 Magic is a short - range air - to - air missile designed in 1968 by French company Matra to compete with the American AIM - 9 Sidewinder . On 11 January 1972 , a Gloster Meteor of the centre for in - flight trials fired the R550 Magic and shot down a Nord CT20 target drone ( unmanned aerial vehicle ) . Mass - produced from 1976 , the Magic was adopted by the French Air Force and the Navy . The Argentine Air Force received " Magic 1 " for its " Mirage III EA " during the 1982 Falklands War . The Argentine Navy received " Magic 1 " for its " Super Etendard s " . However , they were procured after the 1982 Falklands War . An upgraded version , the " Magic 2 " , replaced the original model in 1986 . Now obsolete , 11 , 300 Magic 2 were produced and it was exported ; notably to Iraq and Greece , who have used it in actual combat . The Magic has 8 fixed fins , and 4 movable fins . It has a solid - fuel engine , and can engage the target independently from the firing aircraft with its passive Infra - red guidance system . The Magic 2 replaced the AD3601 seeking head by the AD3633 , allowing frontal fire on the target ( the Magic 1 could only be fired from the rear on the target ) . The Magic 1 has a transparent dome on its nose , while the Magic 2 is opaque . The Magic is still carried by the Dassault Rafale , Dassault Mirage 2000 , F - 16 , Sea Harrier ( FRS51 ) , Super Étendard , Mirage F1 , Mirage 5 , and Mirage III . It is gradually being replaced by the MBDA MICA . Some 480 were sold to Taiwan and used by the Republic of China Air Force . Operational history . Greece . On 8 October 1996 , 7 months after the escalation over Imia / Kardak a Greek Mirage 2000 fired an R550 Magic II and shot down a Turkish F - 16D over the Aegean Sea . The Turkish pilot died , while the co - pilot ejected and was rescued by Greek forces . In August 2012 , after the downing of a RF - 4E on the Syrian Coast , in response to a parliamentary question , Turkish Defence Minister İsmet Yılmaz confirmed that Turkish F - 16D Block 40 ( s / n 91 - 0023 ) of 192 Filo was shot down by a Greek Mirage 2000 with an R . 550 Magic II on 8 October 1996 after violating Greek airspace near Chios island . South Africa . The South African Air Force ( SAAF ) received a number of R . 550 missiles before a widespread international arms embargo took effect in 1977 . SAAF Mirage III and Mirage F1 aircraft carried the R . 550 . South African Mirage F1 aircraft fired early generation R550 missiles in combat over Angola against MiG - 21 and MiG - 23 adversaries on a number of occasions . In all but one case , the missiles failed to damage or destroy the MiGs . In an engagement between a Mirage F - 1CZ and MiG - 21 in October 1982 , two R . 550s were fired by SAAF Major Rankin and one of them damaged the FAPLA MiG - 21 . The limited performance envelope of early generation R . 550s lead South Africa to begin developing an indigenous AAM called the V - 3 Kukri .
Argentine surrender in the Falklands War The last stage of the Falklands War was the surrender of the Argentine Governor at Port Stanley . Background . With the last natural defence line at Mount Tumbledown breached , the Argentine town defences of Port Stanley began to falter . In the morning gloom , one company commander got lost and his junior officers became despondent . Private Santiago Carrizo of the 3rd Regiment described how a platoon commander ordered them to take up positions in the houses and " if a Kelper resists , shoot him " , but the entire company did nothing of the kind . At 2100 hours on 14 June 1982 , the commander of the Argentine garrison in Stanley , General Mario Menéndez , surrendered to the Major General Jeremy Moore . The surrender was in conflict with the Argentine Army code stating that a surrender was illegal unless more than 50 % of the men were casualties and 75 % of the ammunition was spent . The terms of the surrender document were slightly changed after negotiation by General Menéndez . The phrase unconditional surrender was changed for the term surrender . The Argentines were granted : Surrender document . Present at the signing of the letter of surrender were : The letter of surrender read : Confiscated Argentine equipment . Quantities are approximates : Some of the equipment was rendered useless by Argentine personnel before the surrender . The Argentine Rattenbach commission ( ) was assembled after the war to investigate the causes of defeat . It recommended serious penalties for some of the officers in charge , but its influence on the later trial was practically nil . Aftermath . On 20 June , the British retook the South Sandwich Islands and declared hostilities to be over after removing Argentina ' s Southern Thule garrison at the Corbeta Uruguay base . Corbeta Uruguay was established in 1976 , but the Argentine base was only contested through diplomatic channels by the UK until 1982 . The war lasted 74 days , with 255 British and 649 Argentine soldiers , marines , sailors , and airmen , and three civilian Falklanders killed . The British Government decreed that all classified information would be available to the public in the year 2082 . However , following the Freedom of Information Act , a great deal of formerly classified material is now available . The surrender document is on display at the Imperial War Museum in London . As noted in the museum , the time of surrender was backdated three hours in order that both Zulu time ( UTC ) and the local time were recorded as 14 June even though technically it was already 15 June in London , in order to prevent possible confusion by Argentine troops who might have mistakenly thought that they were permitted to keep fighting until the next day , 15 June 1982 . Relations between the UK and Argentina were not restored until 1989 and only under the umbrella formula which states that the islands sovereignty dispute will remain aside .
2º Esquadrão do 3º Grupo de Aviação The 2nd Squadron of the 3rd Aviation Group ( 2º / º3 GAV ) or Gryphon Squadron is a unit of Brazilian Air Force . Is headquartered in Air Base of Porto Velho and operates aircraft A - 29 . The Third Squadron Aviation Group is dedicated to intercepting illegal aircraft entering the country . With the approval of Law of Kill ( A law that approves the destruction of illegal aircraft ) and modern aircraft , managed to reduce significantly the illicit traffic across borders of the country . Also act in support of the Federal Police in the destruction of lines of flight illegal and in joint operations with the Brazilian Army and the Brazilian Navy .
George Washington Cullum George Washington Cullum ( February 25 , 1809 – February 28 , 1892 ) was an American soldier , engineer and writer . He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , primarily serving in the Western Theater . Birth and early years . Cullum was born in New York City , but was raised in Meadville , Pennsylvania . He graduated from the United States Military Academy , ranking third in the Class of 1833 . He designed the Independent Congregational Church at Meadville and it was built in 1835 - 1836 . He joined the Corps of Engineers and supervised a number of construction projects on the East Coast . Cullum served as the engineer in charge of the construction of Fort Trumbull in New London , Connecticut . He was promoted to captain in 1838 and held this rank until the outbreak of the civil war . He was an instructor of engineering at West Point from 1848 to 1855 , and published the forerunner of his " Biographical Register " in 1850 . Cullum took two years leave of absence for health reasons , and traveled throughout Europe , Asia , Africa and the West Indies while recuperating . Civil War service . From April 1861 Cullum was a lieutenant colonel and aide - de - camp to General Winfield Scott , before becoming chief engineer of the Department of the Missouri in November 1861 . He was appointed brigadier general of volunteers to rank from November 1 , 1862 on November 10 , 1862 but President Lincoln had to submit the nomination four times before the U . S . Senate finally confirmed it on March 11 , 1863 . He later superintended engineering works on the Western rivers and was chief engineer at the Siege of Corinth . He was superintendent of the military academy from 1864 to 1866 . On March 8 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Cullum to be appointed to the grade of brevet major general , USA , to rank from March 1866 , and the U . S . Senate confirmed the award on May 4 , 1866 and reconfirmed it July 14 , 1866 after the dates of rank of staff officers were adjusted to follow those of field officers . He was mustered out of the volunteers on September 1 , 1866 . After the war , Cullum remained in the Regular Army at a variety of engineering posts , supervising several projects to strengthen America ' s coastal defenses . He retired from active service January 13 , 1874 with the rank of colonel and returned to New York City . Following his retirement , he married Elizabeth Hamilton , sister of Major General Schuyler Hamilton and widow of Major General Henry W . Halleck . He published : On his death in New York City in 1892 , he left part of his fortune to be used for the erection of the Memorial Hall at West Point , for the continuance of his " Biographical Register " and for an award of the American Geographical Society ( of which he was vice - president ) “ to those who distinguish themselves by geographical discoveries or in the advancement of geographical science ” , known as the Cullum Geographical Medal .
Type 037 - IG class missile boat A total of 16 Type 037 - 1G class missile boat ( also known as Houxin class ) were first built by Qiuxing and Huangpu Shipyard from 1991 through 1999 . This class appears to be the successor of Hegu class missile boat for the People ' s Liberation Army Navy ( PLAN ) . In addition to the PLAN , 6 were exported to Myanmar : 2 in 1995 , 2 in July 1996 , and 2 in late 1997 . This boat is the anti - ship version of the Hainan class submarine chaser armed with missiles . It is most effectively used in conjunction with multiple missile boats to send a swarm of missiles towards its intended target and then egress from the area immediately . The swarm of anti - ship missiles will hopefully slip past the target ' s air defenses for at least one or possibly more hits .
15 cm Kanone 18 The 15 cm Kanone 18 ( 15 cm K 18 ) was a German heavy gun used in the Second World War . Design and History . In 1933 Rheinmetall began development of a new artillery piece to fulfil a German Army requirement for a replacement of the aged 15 cm Kanone 16 , with the first production units received in 1938 . There was not much of an improvement over the older gun as it weighed two tons more than the K 16 , but only had more range . The army was happy with the range , but not with the carriage . There was a special transport carriage for just the gun when traveling long distances . Putting it on its turntable took even more time to assemble . Around a hundred were built between 1939 and 1943 . It was not popular in service as it was regarded as too much gun for too little shell . This caused its production to be terminated in August 1943 . Many were used in coastal installations .
Aubrey Ellwood Air Marshal Sir Aubrey Beauclerk Ellwood KCB DSC RAF ( 3 July 1897 – 20 December 1992 ) was a senior Royal Air Force commander . RAF career . Educated at Marlborough College , Ellwood joined the Royal Naval Air Service in 1916 . During his service as a fighter pilot in World War I , he scored ten victories ( all in the Sopwith Camel ) to become a double ace , winning his DSC in the process . Having been awarded one of the first permanent commissions in the Royal Air Force in 1919 , he was appointed Officer Commanding No . 5 Squadron in India in 1932 before returning to the UK in 1937 to join the Directing Staff at the RAF Staff College . He served in World War II as Deputy Director of Bomber Operations before becoming Air Officer Commanding No . 18 Group in January 1943 and then Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters Coastal Command in March 1944 . He completed his was service as Director - General of Personnel . After the War Ellwood was appointed the Air Officer Commanding in Chief Bomber Command . His next and last tour was as Air Officer Commanding in Chief Transport Command before retiring in January 1952 . In retirement he became Deputy Lieutenant of Somerset .
USS Beaufort ( PCS - 1387 ) USS " Beaufort " ( PCS - 1387 ) – initially known as USS " PCS - 1387 " - - was a " PCS - 1376 " - class submarine chaser acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II . Although constructed and designed as an anti - submarine patrol ship , she was used throughout the war , and afterwards , as a training ship for sonar operators . Built at Whitestone , New York . The fourth ship to be so named by the Navy , " Beaufort " ( PCS - 1387 ) was laid down on 22 May 1943 at Whitestone , New York ; launched on 10 October 1944 as simply " PCS - 1387 " ; sponsored by Miss Barbara C . Dietz ; and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 27 November 1944 , Lt . ( jg . ) Anthony C . Kupris , USNR , in command . World War II service . After fitting out , the subchaser embarked upon her shakedown cruise on 15 December . She conducted that training out of Key West , Florida , between 22 December 1944 and 2 January 1945 . On the latter day , " PCS - 1387 " began duty with the Fleet Sonar School , Key West , Florida , as a training platform for new sonarmen . She also doubled as harbor guard ship at Key West . Such training duties continued past the end of the war , through the late 1940s , and into the 1950s . The 1950s , however , brought an increase in the extent of her zone of operations for , after that time , she ranged the Atlantic Ocean coast as far north as Narragansett Bay and south into the Caribbean . On 15 February 1956 , she was named " Beaufort " . Just over a month later on 26 March , " Beaufort " was decommissioned at St . Petersburg , Florida . Continued duty as a training ship . Her usefulness to the Navy , however , did not end there . She was retained in service for another 11 years under the Commandant , 6th Naval District , as a training ship for naval reservists . Designated as a target ship . On 15 July 1967 , her name was struck from the Navy List , and she was turned over to the Naval Weapons Laboratory , Dahlgren , Virginia , for use as a target . Apparently , she was not totally destroyed because she was sold in July 1972 to Mr . David Hahn of Belize , British Honduras .
49th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 49th Infantry Regiment was an Regular infantry regiment in the United States Army . The regiment was constituted 15 May 1917 in the Regular Army as the 49th Infantry . Organized 1 June 1917 at Syracuse , New York , from personnel of the 23rd Infantry . Inactivated 18 November 1921 at Fort Snelling , Minnesota . disbanded 31 July 1922 . Campaign streamers . World War I Coat of arms . The field is blue for Infantry . The tower is taken from the stone tower at Fort Snelling , the station of the regiment . The key is from the arms of Le Mans , France and commemorates the service of the regiment in the vicinity of that city in 1918 .
Bibi Rajindar Kaur Bibi Rajindar Kaur , also known as Rajindan , was a Sikh princess . In 1778 , her first cousin Raja Amar Singh of Patiala was defeated by Hari Singh of Sialba . She led 3 , 000 soldiers to rescue him . She also defended the city of Patiala against Maratha attacks .
John McColl General Sir John Chalmers McColl ( b . 17 April 1952 ) is the current Lieutenant Governor of Jersey , sworn in on 26 September 2011 . Sir John previously served as Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe . Army career . Educated at Culford School , McColl was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Anglian Regiment in 1973 and promoted to lieutenant on 8 September 1974 . He was promoted to captain on 8 March 1979 and to major on 30 September 1984 . In 1989 he became a squadron commander in the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment , was promoted to lieutenant - colonel on 30 June 1990 and to acting colonel shortly after . He was promoted to colonel on 30 June 1995 and to brigadier on 31 December 1996 ( seniority 30 June ) . He held a variety of commands and military posts before commanding 1 Mechanised Brigade in 1997 . In 1999 he became Assistant Chief of Staff at Land Command and in 2000 he was given command of 3rd ( UK ) Mechanised Division . In 2001 he was appointed the first leader of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan . In 2003 he became Commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College . In March 2004 he was deployed as Senior British Military Representative and Deputy Commanding General , Multinational Force , Iraq and at the end of that year he became Commander of Regional Forces at Land Command . In October 2007 he became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe ( DSACEUR ) in the rank of General , replacing General Sir John Reith . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) in the 2008 New Year Honours . He was the preferred choice of Afghanistan for the role of U . N . super envoy after they rejected Paddy Ashdown . However on 7 March 2008 Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide was appointed as the UN representative for Afghanistan . He retired as DSACEUR in March 2011 . Lieutenant Governor of Jersey . On 26 October 2010 it was announced that he would be appointed to the role of Lieutenant Governor of Jersey . He took office on 26 September 2011 . On 5 June 2012 , Sir John , and his wife Lady McColl , represented Jersey at the Queen ' s Diamond Jubilee Dedication Service at St Paul ' s Cathedral .
Black Horse Tavern ( Canonsburg , Pennsylvania ) Black Horse Tavern was a historic tavern in Canonsburg , Pennsylvania . Black Horse Tavern was founded in 1794 by Henry Westbay , a native of Ireland . That year , during the early stages of the Whiskey Rebellion , the rebels met at the Black Horse Tavern to plan attacks on federal forces . Leaders of the rebellion intercepted federal mail between Philadelphia and federal troops at the tavern . Some sources identify the Black Horse Tavern as the birthplace of the Whiskey Rebellion . Other sources are less certain on the role of the tavern in the rebellion , ascribing the tavern ' s prominent role in the Whiskey Rebellion to " local tradition . " By 1795 , Westbay opened a " nailing business " at the location . In 1814 , he sold the tavern and moved to nearby Washington . The tavern was located northwest of Daily House , on the road between Budd ' s Ferry on the Youghiogheny River to McFarlen ' s Ferry on Monongahela River . The remains of the tavern were removed to make room for the new Canonsburg High School .
USNS John Ericsson ( T - AO - 194 ) USNS " John Ericsson " ( T - AO - 194 ) is a " Henry J . Kaiser " - class underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command to support ships of the United States Navy . Construction and delivery . " John Ericsson " , the eighth ship of the " Henry J . Kaiser " class , was laid down at Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company at Chester , Pennsylvania , on 15 March 1989 and launched on 21 April 1990 . She entered non - commissioned U . S . Navy service under the control of the Military Sealift Command with a primarily civilian crew on 18 March 1991 . Service history . " John Ericsson " serves in the United States Pacific Fleet .
I Corps Observation Group The I Corps Observation Group was an Air Service , United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service , First United States Army . It was demobilized in France after the 1918 Armistice with Germany on 15 April 1919 . There is no modern United States Air Force or Air National Guard unit that shares its lineage and history . Mission . The mission of the group was primarily to keep the friendly command informed of the general situation within the enemy lines by means of visual and photographic reconnaissances . It was called upon to effect , whenever necessary , the adjustment of U . S . Army artillery fire . In addition , it was expected that the group would serve to complete the schooling of pilots and observers and render them more competent to undertake intensive operations elsewhere on a larger and more complete scale . History . Organized in April 1918 as 1st Corps Observation Group . The assigned 1st Aero Squadron was the first American air unit to ever see action in France , being the same unit which served under General John J . Pershing as part of the Pancho Villa Expedition while chasing Pancho Villa into Mexico in 1916 . Assigned to the I Corps , United States Army Air Service , First United States Army . Commenced active operations over the front occupied by the 26th Division , United States Army , between Flirey and Apremont on that portion of the front known as the Toul sector . The pilots of these squadrons , with one or two exceptions , had never before flown in combat . The group and squadron commanders were in every case men of long experience in training work but had never flown to an appreciable extent under war conditions . The mission of the group was primarily to keep the friendly command informed of the general situation within the enemy lines by means of visual and photographic reconnaissances . It was called upon to effect , whenever necessary , the adjustment of our own artillery fire . In addition , it expected that the group would serve to complete the schooling of pilots and observers and render them more competent to undertake intensive operations elsewhere on a larger and more complete scale .
Derzky - class destroyer The Derzky - or Bespokoiny - class destroyers were built for the Imperial Russian Navy just before World War I . Nine ships were built for the Black Sea Fleet These ships were a derivative of the " Novik " , but were slightly smaller . These ships were popular with the Russians and effective particularly in the Black Sea , where the Ottoman Navy had no similar ships .