naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Doberdò The Battle of Doberdò was one of the bloodiest battlefields of World War I , fought in August 1916 between the Italian and Austro - Hungarian Army , composed mostly of Hungarian and Slovenian regiments . The battle , which was part of the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo , took place on a strategic area the westernmost edge of the Kras plateau . The Italians , who conquered the lowland area around Monfalcone and Ronchi , tried to force themselves over the Kras Plateau in order to gain control over the main road linking the port city of Trieste to the town of Gorizia . After fierce fighting and huge casualties , they succeeded in their attempts . The Austro - Hungarian forces retreated and Gorizia fell to the Italians . They however didn ' t succeed in forcing their way to Trieste , and were stopped north - west of Duino . Battle . Fighting culminated on 6 August , when Italian forces under general Luigi Capello launched an attack on Austro - Hungarian positions guarding the main transport road leading from the coast town of Duino to Gorizia . The main objective of the attack was to secure the transport road , thus securing their advance to Gorizia from the south . A plan was drafted by Italian general Luigi Capello , to split the army in half , with one side attacking straight at Austrian positions and the other to attack from the rear . On the morning of 6 August , Austro - Hungarian artillery began shelling Italian infantry as they were drawing nearer . Following the devised plan , four divisions of Italian infantry launched a straight - on frontal assault on Austro - Hungarian trenches , resulting in many soldiers and officers being gunned down by heavy machine - gun fire . With reinforcements , the Italian infantry managed to penetrate through Austro - Hungarian lines , eventually taking Doberdò itself . By now , Austrian forces were in desperate need for reinforcements to halt the Italian advance towards Gorizia . The other half of the Italian army attacked Austrian positions from the rear , as planned . Intensive hand - to - hand fighting commenced with both sides taking massive losses . Surrounded , Austro - Hungrian forces were forced to retreat , on the line east of Gorizia , giving Italian forces control of the heavily damaged town . Results . Both sides had taken massive losses , with an estimated of more than 20 , 000 soldiers killed or missing . Although victorious , Italian losses were much more greater than that of the Austro - Hungarians , with around 5 , 000 of their soldiers killed . This was largely due to the frontal assaults on Austrian positions , which were more superior to that of the Italians . Italian generals were eager to crush Austro - Hungarian forces in the area , with the intent of going as far as Ljubljana . While Austrian generals wanted to preserve their troops ( having to fight on two fronts ) , which gave them less men to defend their border with Italy . In all , this was a strategically important victory for the Italians despite the outcome of the battle .
SdKfz 253 SdKfz 253 leichter Gepanzerter Beobachtungskraftwagen was a German light observation vehicle that was used by artillery forward observers to accompany tank and mechanized infantry units . The vehicle belonged to the SdKfz 250 family . The appearance was similar to the SdKfz 250 , but the SdKfz 253 variant was fully enclosed . Demag / Wegman manufactured 285 vehicles between 1940 - 1941 .
Dynge Castle Dynge Castle ( ) , also " Dyngehus " as it was once called , was a Norwegian fortified castle in use from approximately 1250 and onwards towards the beginning of the 16th century , when it burned down . Located in central Bohuslän , since then passed into Swedish possession , the castle was mentioned several times in Norwegian records . The site was excavated 1912 - 1913 by Wilhelm Berg , who had also excavated the contemporary and largely similar castle Ragnhildsholmen Castle during the 1880s , and Olsborg Castle . Since then , the site has had no closer examination by archaeologists . The castle was in shape similar to a motte - and - bailey , with a stone keep surrounded by a small moat , standing on top of a cliff overlooking Gullmarsfjorden . The foundations of the central keep ' s walls remain clearly visible , as does the moat . It is one of few remaining medieval structures in Uddevalla Municipality , alongside Dragsmark Abbey and Bokenäs Old Church .
LVT - 5 The LVTP - 5 ( Landing Vehicle , Tracked , Personnel ) was a family of amphibious armored fighting vehicles used by the United States Marine Corps . It was designed by the BorgWarner company and built by FMC ( Food Machinery Corporation ) along with a few other companies . It was first accepted into service in 1956 . Some 1 , 124 basic units were produced , plus the specialist variants , and many saw action in the Vietnam War . It was an evolution of the LVT - 1 to LVT - 4 World War II era Landing Vehicle Tracked series , but was considerably larger and could carry 30 - 34 combat - armed troops . A smaller design based on the M59 APC was also produced as the LVT - 6 , but only a handful built . The LVTP - 5 was replaced in service by the LVT - 7 family . The most common type was the LVTP - 5 , an armored personnel carrier , with mine - sweeper , command , recovery and fire support variants , the latter mounting a 105 mm howitzer . An anti - aircraft version was prototyped , but never saw service .
Thomas J . Clunie Thomas Jefferson Clunie ( March 25 , 1852 - June 30 , 1903 ) was a U . S . Representative from California . Clunie was born in St . John ' s , Newfoundland on March 25 , 1852 . Clunie moved in with his parents after they were on a visit from Massachusetts . Clunie moved with his parents to California in 1854 . Clunie moved again to Maine , and then went back to California in 1861 . He attended the public schools . He studied law . He was admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Sacramento in 1870 . He served as member of the State assembly in 1875 . He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1884 . He served in the State senate 1887 - 1889 . He worked for the state militia before he retired as brigadier general . Clunie was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty - first Congress . He served from March 4 , 1889 to March 3 , 1891 . He was unsuccessful running for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty - second Congress . He resumed the practice of his profession . He died in San Francisco , California , on June 30 , 1903 . He was interred in the Sacramento Historic City Cemetery in Sacramento , California .
Fort Augusta Fort Augusta was a stronghold in Northumberland County , Pennsylvania , in the upper Susquehanna Valley from the time of the French and Indian War to the close of the American Revolution . The fort was erected by Col . William Clapham in 1756 at a site now within the limits of the city of Sunbury , in an area the Indians called " Shamokin . " It was first constructed as part of the British defense against the raids of the French and Indians from the upper Allegheny region . Later , it served as an American fortress to aid in protecting settlers of the upper Susquehanna from Britain ' s Indian allies to the north . Named for Augusta of Saxe - Gotha , the mother of King George III , Fort Augusta was the largest of the Provincial forts . It was dismantled in 1796 . During the French and Indian War in 1757 - 1758 , several hundred French and Indian troops traveled the Great Shamokin Path in an effort to destroy Fort Augusta , the main stronghold of the English at the junction of the East and West branches of the Susquehanna River . This army was gathered from the French posts at Duquesne , Kittanning , Venango and Le Boeuf and assembled at the mouth of Anderson Creek . Here , crude boats , rafts and bateau were constructed for passage down the Susquehanna River for the proposed attack . They dragged along with them two small brass cannon , but after reconnoitering found the distance too great for the guns to shoot from the hill opposite the fort . The defense at Fort Augusta was strong enough to resist attack by storming or by siege , and the attack was abandoned . A British defeat at Fort Augusta may have altered the history of the course of the French and Indian War . Today , on the site of the old Fort , the Northumberland County Historical Society has its headquarters in the " Hunter House Museum . " The museum contains historical and archaeological artifacts dealing with Fort Augusta and items of local history . There is also a genealogical library of material on early families in Northumberland County and surrounding counties . The museum is located at 1150 North Front Street , Sunbury , Pennsylvania . The fort ' s underground powder magazine still exists .
Bui Thi Xuan Bùi Thị Xuân ( Chinese script : 裴氏春 , d . 1802 ) was a Vietnamese woman general during the Tây Sơn Rebellion . General Xuân was born in Bình Khê District ( now Tây Sơn District ) , Bình Định Province . She is said to have learned martial arts as a child , and was reputedly a strong woman . Legend has it that she once rescued Trần Quang Diệu , who later became her husband , from a tiger . She and Trần Quang Diệu joined the Tây Sơn Rebellion early , and won many battles . She helped the Tây Sơn army train elephants , which participated in many battles . She became known as one of the five principal women in the Tây Sơn Dynasty . When Phú Xuân ( Huế ) fell to Nguyễn Ánh , she followed king Cảnh Thịnh to Nghệ An , commanded 5000 troops and fought the Nguyễn forces in Trấn Ninh ( Quảng Bình Province ) . In the second month of 1802 , the Nguyễn forces became victorious . She joined her husband in Nghệ An and they were captured together by the Nguyễn forces . Both of them were executed ; her husband was either beheaded or skinned , while she was crushed to death by an elephant . The new emperor then had her lungs , liver , heart and arms fed to his troops so that they might gain her courage . Today , she is celebrated as a Vietnamese hero . Many major cities have schools and streets named after her .
Cyriades Cyriades stands first in the list of the Thirty Tyrants enumerated by the Historia Augusta ( writing under the name of Trebellius Pollio ) , from whose brief , indistinct , and apparently inaccurate narrative we gather that , after having robbed his father , whose old age he had embittered by dissipation and vice , he fled to the Persians , stimulated Shapur I to invade the Roman provinces , and , having assumed the purple together with the title of Augustus , was slain by his own followers after a short career of cruelty and crime . Edward Gibbon thinks fit to assume that these events took place after the defeat and capture of Valerian ( a . d . 260 ) ; but our only authority expressly asserts , that the death of the usurper happened while the emperor was upon his march to the East ( a . d . 258 or 259 ) ; and by that statement we must , in the absence of all other evidence , be content to abide . The medals published by Groltzius and Mediobarbus are rejected by Numismatics as unquestionably spurious . References . Taken from the Public Domain " Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology " , edited by William Smith .
Pinned down " Pinned down " is a common military term for a unit that is being suppressed by enemy fire . A suppressed unit has lost its ability to move , lost all or most of its ability to return fire , and lost much of its ability to gather real - time intelligence on the enemy position , as it is concerned with staying under cover . Suppression is a key tactical goal utilized in most small unit tactics and will afford the attacking ( or suppressing ) unit with greater security of movement , intelligence , and tactical flexibility . Often , a suppressed unit will lose organizational efficiency and morale if kept in that state for an extended period of time .
ASALM The Advanced Strategic Air - Launched Missile ( ASALM ) was a medium - range strategic missile program , developed in the late 1970s for the United States Air Force . Intended for use in both the air - to - surface and anti - AWACS roles , the missile ' s development reached the stage of propulsion - system tests before being cancelled in 1980 . Design and development . Development of the Advanced Strategic Air - Launched Missile was initiated in 1976 . The ASALM was intended to replace the AGM - 69 SRAM in United States Air Force service , providing improved speed and range over the earlier missile , as well as improved performance against hardened targets . In addition , the requirement specified that the ASALM should be capable of operating in a secondary air - to - air mode against AWACS radar - warning aircraft . Martin Marietta and McDonnell Douglas submitted proposals for the contract , the former ' s design using a Marquardt propulsion system ; the latter ' s , one developed by United Technologies Corporation ; the Martin Marietta design was favored by the Air Force The size of ASALM was limited by the requirement that it use the same launchers as the earlier SRAM . The missile would be steered by small fins at the tail , but lacked wings ; the shape of the body combined with the high flight speed were to provide sufficient lift . Guidance was planned to be provided during mid - course flight by an inertial navigation system , while terminal guidance would use a dual - mode seeker . Propulsion would be provided by an integrated rocket - ramjet , which would act as a solid - fuel rocket during boost , with the rocket ' s casing , following exhaustion of its propellant and the ejection of the rocket nozzle and a fairing covering an air inlet , becoming a combustion chamber for an air - breathing ramjet , which was planned to use Shelldyne - H fuel . The missile was expected to be carried by the B - 1 bomber , or alternatively by a developed version of the FB - 111 . Operational history . Starting in October 1979 , a series of flight tests of Propulsion Technology Validation missiles , using a Marquardt rocket - ramjet , were conducted . Over the course of seven test firings , a maximum speed of Mach 5 . 5 at an altitude of was achieved . Despite the successful testing , the ASALM program was suspended following the seventh PTV test flight in May 1980 ; reductions in the defense budget , combined with the development of the subsonic AGM - 86 ALCM , led to the cancellation of the program later that year . The Martin Marietta ASALM concept was later developed into the AQM - 127 SLAT target drone .
Battle of Craonne The Battle of Craonne was fought on 7 March 1814 and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon I against Russians and Prussians under General Blücher . Craonne is a village on the Chemin des Dames , in the " département " of Aisne . Marshal Blücher had recovered from his earlier setbacks more quickly than Napoleon Bonaparte had hoped , and so the French Emperor was forced to switch his attacks from the Austrian Field Marshal Schwarzenberg back to the Prussian commander . Moving with speed and aggression , the French pushed the Allies over the Aisne river and while Blücher planned his counter with some 85 , 000 men , his flanking army did not move fast enough . As a result , Napoleon ' s 37 , 000 troops struck Vorontsov ' s on it own . Napoleon ' s aim was to pin the Allies and then launch Marshal Ney , leading a mixed force heavily weighted towards cavalry , in a flanking move . Unfortunately for the French , the coordination was poorly timed . Consequently Ney not only suffered heavy casualties , including cavalry commander Etienne de Nansouty , but the Allies managed to extricate themselves from a sticky situation . Craonne cost Blucher 5 , 000 casualties , while Napoleon lost some 5 , 400 . The young French conscripted soldiers were called " Marie - Louise " ( after Napoleon ' s second wife ) because many were too young to have a beard .
Merchant Marine Combat Bar The Merchant Marine Combat Bar is a decoration of the United States Merchant Marine . The decoration was established by an Act of Congress on 10 May 1943 . Conditions . The decoration is awarded to members of the Merchant Marine who served on a ship when it was attacked or damaged by an enemy or an instrument of war , such as a mine during the second World War . This award is a ribbon bar only . Further prescribed is the issuance a silver star to be attached to such bar to seamen who are forced to abandon ship when it is so attacked or damaged . For each additional abandonment , an additional star is attached . It is no longer awarded .
Fiat G . 91Y The Fiat G . 91Y was an Italian ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft that first flew in 1966 . Resembling its predecessor , the Fiat G . 91 the aircraft was a complete redesign , a major difference being its twin - turbojet engines . Design and development . The G . 91Y was an increased performance version of the Fiat G . 91 funded by the Italian government . Based on the G . 91T two - seat trainer variant the single Bristol Orpheus turbojet engine of this aircraft was replaced with two afterburning General Electric J85 turbojets which increased thrust by 60 % over the single - engined variant . Structural modifications to reduce airframe weight increased performance further and an additional fuel tank occupying the space of the G . 91T ' s rear seat provided extra range . Combat manoeuvrability was improved with the addition of automatic leading edge slats . The avionics equipment of the G . 91Y was considerably upgraded with many of the American , British and Canadian systems being licence - manufactured in Italy . Flight testing of three pre - production aircraft was successful with one aircraft reaching a maximum speed of Mach 0 . 98 . Airframe buffeting was noted and was rectified in production aircraft by raising the position of the tailplane slightly . Production . An initial order of 55 aircraft for the Italian Air Force was completed by Fiat in March 1971 , by which time the company had changed its name to Aeritalia ( from 1969 , when Fiat aviazione joined the Aerfer ) . The order was increased to 75 aircraft with 67 eventually being delivered . In fact , the development of the new G . 91Y was quite long , and the first order was for about 20 pre - series examples that followed the two prototypes . The first pre - series ' Yankee ' ( the nickname of the new aircraft ) flew in July 1968 . AMI ( Italian Air Force ) placed orders for two batches , 35 fighters followed by another 20 , later cut to 10 . The last one was delivered around mid 1976 , so the total was 2 prototypes , 20 pre - series and 45 series aircraft . No export success followed . These aircraft served with 1° Gruppo / 8° Stormo ( Cervia - S . Giorgio ) from 1970 , and later , from 1974 , they served with the 13° Gruppo / 32° Stormo ( Brindisi ) . Those ' Gruppi ' ( Italian equivalent of British ' squadrons ' , usually equipped with 18 aircraft ) lasted until the early ' 90s , a the only one equipped with the ' Yankee ' , using them as attack / recce machines , both over ground and sea , until the AMX replaced them . Aircraft on display . A Fiat G . 91Y is preserved and on public display at the Italian Air Force Museum , Vigna di Valle near Rome .
Bisento A was a pole weapon used in feudal Japan . The bisentō has various descriptions , " a double - edged long sword with a thick truncated blade " , " a spear - like weapon with a blade at the end that resembles a scimitar " , " a polearm resembling a glaive , with a long , heavy half and a heavy , curved blade " . The bisentō is said to have been used by ninja and peasants .
USS Whirlwind ( PC - 11 ) USS " Whirlwind " ( PC - 11 ) is the eleventh Cyclone class Patrol ( coastal ) ship . " Whirlwind " was laid down 4 March 1994 by Bollinger Shipyards , Lockport , Louisiana and launched 9 September 1994 . She was commissioned 1 July 1995 in Memphis , Tennessee .
Mardi bin Ali al - Tarsusi Mardi bin Ali al - Tarsusi was a 12th - century Ayyubid writer and expert on military matters . He wrote a number of treatises , including a military manual for Saladin in 1187 . His writings have proved an invaluable resources for medieval and military historians . The well known treatise was entitled " Tabsirat arbab al - albab fi kayfiyat al - najah fi al - hurub min al - anwa ' wa - nashr a ' lam al - a ' lam fi al - ' udad wa - al - alat al - mu ' inah ' ala liqa ' al - a ' da ' " , or " Information for the intelligent on how to escape injury in combat ; and the unfurling of the banners of instruction on equipment and engines which assist in encounters with enemies . " Counterweight trebuchet . The first clearly written record of a counterweight trebuchet comes from Mardi bin Ali al - Tarsusi , who wrote a military manual for Saladin circa 1187 . He describes a hybrid trebuchet that he said had the same hurling power as a traction machine pulled by fifty men due to " the constant force [ of gravity ] , whereas men differ in their pulling force . " ( Showing his mechanical proficiency , Tarsusi designed his trebuchet so that as it was fired it cocked a supplementary crossbow , probably to protect the engineers from attack . ) In his book , " Medieval Siege " , Jim Bradbury extensively quotes from Mardi ibn Ali concerning mangonel s of various types , including Arab , Persian and Turkish , describing what could be trebuchets , but not quoted as above . In " On the Social Origins of Medieval Institutions " , more detailed quotes by Mardi ibn Ali may be found on the various types of trebuchets .
Fieseler Fi 166 In the early 1940s , Erich Bachem , Fieseler ' s Aircraft ' s technical manager , developed two designs for a rocket - launched fighter that could reach high altitudes quicker than conventional fighters . Design One . Design one involved a straight - winged jet fighter powered by two Jumo 004 jet engines . It would be launched upright by liquid - fuel rocket s . After attaining an altitude of 3660 meters , the rocket would burn out , disconnect and return to earth via parachute for re - use . The fighter would then engage Allied bomber s before landing as a conventional airplane .
USS Perkins ( DD - 26 ) USS " Perkins " ( DD - 26 ) was a modified in the United States Navy during World War I . She was the first ship named for Commodore George H . Perkins . " Perkins " was laid down on 22 March 1909 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company , Quincy , Massachusetts , christened by Commodore Perkins ' daughter Isabel Weld Perkins and launched from the Fore River on 9 April 1910 . The " Perkins " was commissioned on 18 November 1910 , Lieutenant Commander Joel R . P . Pringle in command . Pre - World War I . After almost seven years of peacetime service with active and reserve destroyer squadrons , " Perkins " recommissioned on 3 April 1917 , Lieutenant Frank M . Knox in command . Assigned to the second division of United States destroyer forces in Europe , a division which included , , and , she operated out of Queenstown , Ireland , from June into November 1917 . During this duty , she rescued survivors of " Tarquah " on 7 August , and escorted from Saint Nazaire to Ireland and from Queenstown to Liverpool . In November 1917 she departed Ireland for New York , New York . During the winter of 1917 – 1918 , she underwent overhaul at Charleston , South Carolina . From March to December 1918 she operated out of Gravesend Bay , New York , on anti - submarine patrol and escort duty . She sighted German submarine off New Jersey on 2 June 1918 . On convoy duty , she escorted various ships , including and , between Halifax , Nova Scotia and New York . Entering the Reserve Fleet on 5 December 1919 , she remained there until she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 8 March 1935 , sold on 28 June , and scrapped .