naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Pickaxe - Handle Operation Lastay Kulang or Pickaxe Handle was a British - led NATO offensive in the southern Helmand province of Afghanistan . ( The name of the operation is Pashto for " pickaxe - handle " . ) Lastay Kulang began on May 30 and ended on June 14 , 2007 , with 2000 ISAF and Afghan National Army troops taking part . The mission was a direct follow - up of Operation Achilles that ended on the same day . At around 4 : 00 local time on May 30 , 2007 , ISAF and ANSF personnel advanced towards the village of Kajaki Sofle , ten kilometres south - west of the town of Kajaki , to remove a Taliban force whose presence threatened the security and stability of the Lower Sangin Valley . During the night , elements of the American 82nd Airborne Division mounted an aerial assault on a Taliban compound . One of the Chinook helicopters taking part in the raid was apparently hit by an RPG round and crashed , killing five Americans , a Briton and a Canadian on board . By June 2 , NATO claimed to have surrounded several pockets of Taliban fighters . The Royal Engineers have also started several reconstruction projects in the area , such as digging irrigation ditches , to try to win over local support . On June 5 , a gun battle and air strikes killed an estimated two dozen Taliban fighters in Southern Afghanistan , the U . S . - led coalition and Afghan government reported . Upwards of 80 Taliban fighters may have drowned in two separate incidents in early June , when the makeshift boats they were travelling on sank as they attempted to cross the Helmand River . The sinkings were witnessed by NATO helicopters . A British soldier was killed in a firefight at a Taliban compound to the north east of Gereshk on June 6 . Another NATO soldier was killed in the south of the country that same day . On June 8 , a battle and air strikes in southern Afghanistan left 30 suspected Taliban dead or wounded , the Ministry of Defense reported . Outcome . The outcome of " Lastay Kulang " is disputed . NATO spokespersons claimed the operation was a success , having cleared Sangin and Gereshk of Taliban and securing the Kajaki District . A new governor has been installed in Sangin and Shura s ( councils ) of tribal elders have been organised to hear their concerns . Conversely , the Taliban claim that they still control much of Kajaki , and some of the Sangin districts . These claims are confirmed by the local residents , who complain that the Taliban returned as soon as NATO and ANA troops had left , and that the security situation has not improved at all .
Yorkshire Mounted Brigade The Yorkshire Mounted Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army , organised in 1908 . By 1915 its regiments had been posted away so it was broken up . It never saw active service . Formation . Under the terms of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 ( 7 Edw . 7 , c . 9 ) , the brigade was formed in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force . It consisted of three yeomanry regiments , a horse artillery battery and ammunition column , a transport and supply column and a field ambulance . The Northumberland Hussars were attached for training in peacetime . As the name suggests , the units were drawn from Yorkshire . World War I . The brigade was embodied on 4 August 1914 and apparently remained in Yorkshire . The regiments left the brigade for other formations in 1915 and it ceased to exist . By 1915 , with its regiments having been posted away , the brigade was dissolved .
Hasan Salama Hasan Salama or Hassan Salameh ( , ) ( 1912 – 1948 ) was a commander of the Palestinian Holy War Army ( " Jaysh al - Jihad al - Muqaddas " , Arabic : جيش الجهاد المقدس ) in the 1948 Arab - Israeli War along with Abd al - Qadir al - Husayni . Biography . Salama was born in the Palestinian village Qula in 1912 . Salama was one of the leaders of the armed Arab groups who fought against the Jews and British during the 1936 – 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine . After the Arab revolt in Palestine Salama fled to Lebanon , and then fled along with the Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al - Husseini to Iraq . He came back to Palestine in October 1944 as a member of the Operation ATLAS commando . Despite the failure of the operation and an injure at the foot , he succeeded in espcaping in taking refuge at Qula . The Holy War Army was a force of Palestinian Arab irregulars in the 1947 - 48 Palestinian civil war . The force has been described as Abd al - Qadir al - Husayni ' s " personal " army . Salama was a member of the Palestine Arab Party . At the meeting held in Damascus on 5 February 1948 , to organize the Palestinian Field Commands , Salama was allocated the Lydda district . Salama was killed by the IDF in the battle of Ras al - Ein on 2 June 1948 . He was the father of Ali Hassan Salameh , chief operation of Black September and responsible of the Munich massacre in 1972 .
London Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War The London Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War is an international code of maritime law , especially as it relates to wartime activities , proposed in 1909 at the London Naval Conference by the leading European naval powers , as well as the United States and Japan , after a multinational conference that occurred in 1908 in London . Although the declaration dealt with many controversial points , including blockade s , contraband and prize , it largely reiterated existing law , although it showed greater regard to the rights of neutral entities . The declaration was signed by most of the great powers of the day : Austria - Hungary , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , Russia , the United Kingdom , and the United States . ( It was also signed by the Netherlands and Spain . ) However , no state ever ratified the declaration and consequently it never came into force . The United States insisted that the belligerent nations fighting in World War I abide by the Declaration . Both the British and Germans ignored it .
Cornelius XFG - 1 The Cornelius XFG - 1 was a military fuel transporting towed glider , without a tailplane and with a forward - swept wing . Two were built but development ended in 1945 . Design and development . The Cornelius XFG - 1 , developed under the project code MX - 416 was an aerodynamically unusual aircraft intended for an unusual military role . George Cornelius had been experimenting with aircraft featuring differentially variable incidence since the 1920s . His first two machines were otherwise conventional but the third , the Cornelius Mallard from 1943 was not , being without a horizontal tailplane and having low aspect ratio and strongly forward swept wings . Though very different in detail , the XFG - 1 built on the Mallard experience . A 1 / 4 scale model of the XFG - 1 was built for wind tunnel tests . The " FG " in its designation stood for fuel glider and its role was as a fuel transport . It was to be towed behind another aircraft rather like contemporary troop carrying gliders , but its two fuselage tanks held 564 Imp gal ( 677 US gal , 2 , 563 l ) of aviation gasoline . Unlike other troop carrying gliders like the Waco CG - 4 , the XFG - 1 could be towed by modern bombers or transports at a cruise speed of 250 mph . Proposals seem to have included a piloted tow version behind a large transport , the glider landing loaded on skids having jettisoned its wheels after take off ; or a pilotless version towed behind a B - 29 bomber , disconnected and abandoned after fuel transfer was completed ; the intent of the scheme being for the glider to act , essentially , as a giant , winged drop tank for extending the range of the towing aircraft . The XFG - 1 was a high - wing monoplane , its wing set far back towards its vertical stabilizer . The wing was quite high aspect ratio and of modest forward sweep . Though the earlier Cornelius aircraft had wings that had their incidence variable in the air , the incidence on the XFG - 1 could only be adjusted on the ground , with two settings of 3˚ and 7˚ . There was no horizontal tail . It had a simple fixed tricycle undercarriage and a conventional single seat cockpit ; two examples of the type were built . Operational history . Two prototypes were built and 32 flights were made between them in 1944 – 45 , although the first was lost to a spin , killing the pilot . On many of the flights , but not the fatal one , the pilot was Alfred Reitherman . The fuel glider concept was abandoned at the end of World War II .
Sweyn the Crusader Sweyn the Crusader ( ; ; 1050 – 1097 ) was a Danish crusader . Sweyn was born in Denmark , a son of the Danish king Sweyn Estridsen , and husband of Florine of Burgundy . He is famous for his participation in the First Crusade , which he primarily spent fighting the Turks . On his way to Jerusalem in 1097 , he and 1 , 500 other Danish knights were attacked by the Turks . The Danes lost the battle , and Sweyn the Crusader was killed .
Anita Allen ( pentathlete ) Anita Allen ( born 1977 ) is a United States Army medical service officer who competed in the 2004 Olympic Games in the modern pentathlon , where she finished 18th of 32 competitors . A 2000 graduate of West Point , Allen finished first in the riding portion of the event . She was a standout cross country runner while at the academy . She won the women ' s modern pentathlon on August 11 , 2003 at the 2003 Pan American Games .
Pravdinsk ( air base ) Pravdinsk Air Base was an air base in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast , Russia located 5 km northwest of Balakhna and 38 km northwest of Nizhny Novgorod ( formerly Gorky ) . It was named after the nearby town of Pravdinsk which has since been annexed by Balakhna . It is a small air base with a few taxiways and tarmacs . Google Earth high - resolution images show that airfield has been vacated by the military ; only one small twin - engine prop plane is found . Units that were stationed at Pravdinsk include 786 IAP ( 786th Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) which had 5 MiG - 25 aircraft in the 1970s and upgraded to 31 MiG - 31 aircraft in the 1980s . In 2004 , after five year of disuse , Pravdinsk Airfield ( now more often referred to as Istomino Airfield ( Аэродром Истомино ) , after the nearby village ) saw an aircraft again . Now the airfield is used by Nizhny Novogord parachute sports enthusiasts , who praise it as an excellent drop zone .
Battle of the Gediz The Battle of the Gediz was fought between pro - Turkish Kuva - yi Milliye forces and the Greek forces near the Gediz River in the city of Gediz . The Turkish forces attacked Gediz in order to find out if a force composed mainly of irregular forces could compete with the Greek army in a larger battle . Although the battle temporarily stopped the Greek advance towards Ankara , it also showed that the irregular forces lacked discipline and experience ; they had no chance in open field battles against the Greeks . The experiences gained in this battle , lead the GNA to the conclusion that it would be necessary from now on to establish and fight with a regular army against the Greek army instead of irregular forces .
Alfred C . Werner Alfred C . Werner ( born c . 1916 ) was an American football , basketball , soccer , and track coach and physical education professor in the United States . He earned a doctorate in physical education from Springfield College and taught at the University at Albany , SUNY , the State University of New York at Plattsburgh , the United States Military Academy , and Allegheny College . Coaching career . Werner was the head college football coach for the Allegheny Gators located in Meadville , Pennsylvania . He held that position for the 1941 and 1942 seasons . His coaching record at Allegheny was 2 wins and 10 losses . As of the conclusion of the 2010 season , this ranks him # 28 at Allegheny in total wins and # 30 at the school in winning percentage ( ) .
119th Command and Control Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 119th Command and Control Squadron ( 119 CACS ) is a space control unit located at McGhee Tyson ANGB , Tennessee . The unit augments the operations of USSTRATCOM on a continuous basis . Mission . The 119th Command and Control Squadron was one of the first Air National Guard units to become a part of the United States Space Command ( later United States Strategic Command ) . Its mission is augmentation for USSTRATCOM ' s global operations center ( GOC ) which coordinates and directs the use of the Department of Defense ’ s military space forces . The 119 CACS provides support to Headquarters USSTRATCOM via three primary Command and Control mission areas : Global Operations , Homeland Defense Operations , and Natural Disaster Events . History . The 119 CACS was originally activated as 119th Aircraft Warning and Control Squadron in 1950 . Since its inception , the 119 ACS had always operated tactical ( mobile ) radar systems , but was slated to lose its mission and association with Air Combat Command . This provided a fortuitous opportunity for the unit to be associated with USSPACECOM as a direct supporting unit . In the mid - 1990s , USSPACECOM commander Gen Howard Estes III directed the command to expand the role of guard and reserve forces in operations from two percent to 20 percent .
AN / SPS - 49 The AN / SPS - 49 is a United States Navy two - dimensional , long range air search radar built by Raytheon that can provide contact bearing and range . It is a primary air - search radar for numerous ships in the U . S . fleet and in Spain , Poland , Taiwan aboard " Oliver Hazard Perry " - class frigates , Canada on its " Halifax " - class frigates , New Zealand on its " Anzac " - class frigates and Australia on its " Adelaide " - class frigates and " Anzac " - class frigates . It also serves in a complementary role aboard Aegis cruisers with the AN / SPY - 1 . Operation . First tested in 1965 aboard and introduced in 1975 , the AN / SPS - 49 operates in the 851 – 942 MHz , or L - , band and has a range of . The orange - peel parabolic shape of the antenna creates a narrow 3 . 3° - beam to reduce the probability of detection or jamming . It can rotate at 6 rpm in long range mode or 12 rpm in short - range mode . Default is at 12 rpm for the AN / SPS - 49A ( V ) 1 , to provide more frequent scans against incoming missiles . The SPS - 49A ( V ) 1 can detect out to its full range at either 6 or 12 rpm . The antenna is stabilised to compensate for ships pitch and roll , to a maximum of + / - 15° for both pitch and roll in 12 rpm mode , and + / - 23 . 5° for both pitch and roll in 6 rpm mode . The output stage of the transmitter in all variants uses a two - cavity klystron amplifier . Variants . As of 2010 , there are eleven configurations of the AN / SPS - 49 ( V ) .
USS Papaya ( AN - 49 ) USS " Papaya " ( AN - 49 / YN - 68 ) was an which served with the U . S . Navy in the South Pacific Ocean theatre of operations during World War II . Her career was without major incident , and she returned home after the war bearing two battle star s to her credit . Launched in Stockton , California . " Papaya " ( YN – 68 ) was laid down by the Pollock - Stockton Shipbuilding Company , Stockton , California , 2 November 1942 ; launched 23 May 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . L . L . Lindley ; commissioned 1 December 1943 , Lt . Comdr . Elias Johnson in command . She was reclassified " AN – 49 " on 20 January 1944 . World War II service . Pacific Ocean operations . Following shakedown , " Papaya " joined ServRon 10 for duty in the Pacific Ocean and proceeded via Pearl Harbor to the Marshall Islands where she arrived 8 March 1944 . After laying mooring s and channel buoys and installing anti - torpedo net s in the Marshalls group , she departed for the Mariana Islands , arriving Saipan 1 August . She assisted in net operations while fighting on the beach was still in process , helping capture both Saipan and Tinian . End - of - war operations . After returning to Long Beach , California , 18 December for overhaul and alterations , she deployed to the Western Pacific again 22 May 1945 , this time to Ulithi , Caroline Islands , for important net operations . Following the surrender of Japan , " Papaya " actively participated in the surrender and occupation of Yap and undertook several search missions to islands and atolls east of Ulithi capturing 26 Japanese soldiers . She departed 17 October for the United States via Saipan and Pearl Harbor and arrived San Diego , California , 26 November . Post - war decommissioning . Surplus to the Navy ’ s needs after World War II , " Papaya " decommissioned at Terminal Island , California , 31 January 1946 and was stricken from the Naval Register 25 February . Honors and awards . " Papaya " received two battle star s for service in World War II .
USS SC - 38 USS " SC - 38 , during her service life known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 38 or USS " S . C . 38 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 38 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 1 February 1918 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 38 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 38 " . In 1919 , " Submarine Chaser No . 38 " participated in North Sea minesweeping operations to clear the North Sea Mine Barrage . During these operations , she struck a mine on 4 September 1919 and was damaged , but suffered no casualties . She was salvaged , and the Navy sold her to Thomas Lee of Ipswich , England , in December 1919 . The U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , after " Submarine Chaser No . 38 " had left Navy service . Had she remained in Navy service at that date , she would have been classified as SC - 38 and her name would have been shortened to USS " SC - 38 " , and she now is referred to retrospectively by this name .
Breda Model 35 The Cannone - Mitragliera da 20 / 65 modello 35 ( Breda ) , also known as Breda Model 35 , was a 20 mm anti - aircraft gun produced by the Società Italiana Ernesto Breda of Brescia company in Italy and used during World War II . It was designed in 1932 and was adopted by the Italian armed forces in 1935 . It was the one of two 20 millimetre calibre anti - aircraft guns used by Italy during World War II , the other being the 20 mm Scotti . Both of the weapons fired the 20x138mmB cartridge . Design . Designed as a dual purpose weapon for use against both aircraft and ground targets , it was effective against light tanks , with the armour piercing round being able to penetrate 30 millimeters of armour at a range of 500 meters . It had a two - wheeled trailer , but due to its structural weakness that limited the towing speed to 20 km / h , the weapon was usually transported on a truck bed instead . Use . In addition to use as an anti - aircraft gun , the Model 35 was mounted as the main armament in several vehicles . Initially in four Panzer I s converted during the Spanish Civil War , by the Nationalists , in an effort to improve their fighting capability against the Soviet T - 26 s fielded by the Republican forces . Later the gun was fitted to Fiat L6 / 40 light tank s and the AB 41 armoured car s . In addition , this gun was employed as a deck - mounted anti - aircraft weapon in at least some of the MAS torpedo boat s . The naval mounting had an elevation of - 10 to + 90 degrees and it used the same sights as the land based version . After the Winter War had begun , Finland bought a total of 88 Breda guns from Italy , last ones arriving during the Interim Peace in June 1940 . Five of the Finnish Bredas were later lost in action during the Continuation War . In addition , the four Italian - built Jymy class motor torpedo boat s operated by the Finnish Navy each had one 20 mm Breda cannon on the rear deck . In North Africa , the Commonwealth forces captured a large number of Breda Model 35s during Operation Compass , enabling the Australian 2 / 3 Light Anti - Aircraft Regiment , parts of the 4th Anti - Aircraft Brigade ( which had a total of 42 Bredas in its Light Anti - Aircraft batteries during the Siege of Tobruk ) and one battery of 106th ( Lancashire Hussars ) Regiment , RHA to be equipped with them . Captured Bredas were used by the Long Range Desert Group and aboard a number of Royal Australian Navy and Royal Navy vessels including HMAS " Vendetta " , HMAS " Perth " and HMS " Ladybird " , and at least one Marmon - Herrington Mk II armoured car . The Finnish Defence Forces used the 20 ItK / 35 Breda , as the gun was officially known in that service , as a training weapon for anti - aircraft crews for several decades after the end of World War II . In 1985 there were still 76 guns remaining in the inventory , but all of those were discarded later during that decade .
335th Theater Signal Command ( United States ) The 335th Signal Command ( Theater ) is a multi - component signals unit with soldiers from the United States Army , U . S . Army Reserve , the Active Guard Reserve ( AGR ) and Department of the Army Civilians ( DAC ) . It is a subordinate command to the United States Army Reserve during peacetime . During wartime , it is operationally controlled ( OPCON ) by United States Army Central ( ARCENT ) . It is the U . S . Army ' s senior Signal ( communications ) organization operating in Southwest Asia in the United States Central Command ( USCENTCOM ) area of responsibility . It provides dedicated theater level command , control , communications , computers , and intelligence ( C4I ) support at the U . S . Military ' s strategic level in the USCENTCOM / USARCENT AOR . Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom . Shortly after the 9 / 11 attacks , the 335th Theater Signal Command mobilized reservists and active Army personnel to Camp Doha , Kuwait . Unit move to Camp Afrijan in 2005 . It continues to support both Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom with an enduring presence in the USCENTCOM / USARCENT AOR . Shoulder sleeve insignia . Shoulder Sleeve Insignia . Description : A dark blue vertical rectangle arched at top and bottom with a white border , in width and in height overall having in base the polar section of an orange globe with white grid lines and issuant therefrom two white - edged orange flashes with points converging at top center . Symbolism : Orange and white are the colors associated with the Signal Corps . Dark blue signifies the atmosphere and the flashes and globe are symbolic of the unit ' s worldwide communication capability . The shoulder sleeve insignia was approved on 30 October 1985 . Distinctive Unit Insignia . Description : A gold color metal and enamel device in height overall consisting of two quadrates conjoined with point up , the left quadrant of white , the right of black , surmounted by two orange lightning flashes chevronwise and extending above and below the quadrates ; in base , a green open wreath of Live Oak , all above a semicircular gold scroll folded back at the base of each flash and inscribed , " READY LIGHTNING " in black letters , areas between quadrates and flashes at top and quadrates and Live Oak in base are pierced . Symbolism : The white and black quadrates and the lightning flashes symbolize the organization ' s day and night mission to direct and coordinate the operations , training , administration and logistics support of assigned and attached units . The Live Oak , the State Tree of Georgia and a symbol of ever - ready strength in reserve , also alludes to the organization ' s origin and home station at Atlanta , Georgia . Orange and white are colors used for the Signal Corps . The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved on 10 December 1971 for the 335th Signal Group . It was redesignated for the 335th Signal Brigade on 24 December 1984 . The insignia was redesignated for the 335th Signal Command on 16 April 1986 . References . 335th Theater Signal Command Websites as listed below in external links .