naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Sucidava Sucidava ( Sykibid after Procopius , Σucidava after Pârvan , where Σ is pronounced " sh " ) is a Dacian and Daco - Roman historical site , situated in Corabia , Romania , on the north bank of the Danube . There can be found there the first Christian Basilica in Romania and the foot of a Roman bridge over the Danube built by Constantine the Great to link Sucidava with Oescus ( today in Bulgaria , in Moesia ) . There is also a secret underground fountain which flows under the walls of the town to a water spring situated outside . From an archaeological point of view , the coins found at Sucidava show an uninterrupted series from Aurelian ( 270 - 275 ) to Theodosius II ( 408 - 450 ) . The archaeological evidence show that in AD 443 or 447 the city suffered from attacks of the Huns , still the city was restored under Justin I 518 - 527 or Justinian I 527 - 565 . Around 600 , it seems that the Roman garrison abandoned the city .
Stan Turner ( RAF officer ) Percival Stanley " Stan " Turner , DSO , DFC with bar ( born 3 September 1913 ) Served with the RAF and The RCAF during the Second World War . He holds the record of flown the most combat hours of any Canadian pilot . Early years . Turner ' s parents emigrated to Toronto Canada when he was at a young age . While studying engineering there , he also joined the RCAF auxiliary . Second World War Service . In 1938 he joined the RAF , completing his pilot training right at England ' s entry to the War . He was posted to fly Hawker Hurricanes with 242 squadron . It was over Dunkirk that he scored the first of his 14 aerial victories he would post during the war . During the Battle of Britain he would be awarded his Distinguished Flying Cross to which he would add a bar to before the War ' s end . After the Battle of Britain , Turner was posted to 145 Squadron in June 1941 , where he transitioned over to the Supermarine Spitfire mk II . During this time , Johnnie Johnson remarked that Stan was a " Fearless and great leader " of his squadron . It was in October 1941 that he would receive his bar to his DFC while flying over France again . With a short rest in between , Turner was then given command of 411 squadron of the RCAF . His posting there spurred many requests to be transferred to the squadron , a notable one accepted was that of Robert Wendell " Buck " McNair . In 1942 , he was then transferred to the Command of 249 squadron on Malta . Stan Turner was also involved in some other interesting and remarkable events during the war . He flew escort for the mission that was agreed to by the Germans to drop an artificial leg to Douglas Bader . Turner and Bader were good friends , despite a rocky start when Bader took over command of the Canadian pilots who had survived the Battle of France . Bader won over Turner and the other Canadians by generously replacing their kit they had lost in France from his personal stores , not to mention by demonstrating his flying skills .
Friedrich Bonte Friedrich Bonte ( 19 October 1896 – 10 April 1940 ) was the German naval officer commanding the destroyer flotilla that transported invasion troops to Narvik during the German invasion of Norway ( Operation Weserübung ) in April 1940 . Naval career . Born in Potsdam , Bonte joined the Imperial Navy as a midshipman in April 1914 and was commissioned " Leutnant zur See " in July 1916 . He was retained in the drastically reduced post - war German navy , where he had a steady career . He was promoted to " Oberleutnant zur See " in September 1920 , " Kapitänleutnant " in April 1926 , " Korvettenkapitän " ( Lieutenant Commander ) in September 1933 , and " Fregattenkapitän " ( Commander ) in April 1937 . In November 1938 , he was given command of the Second Destroyer Flotilla , and in April 1939 he was promoted to " Kapitän zur See " ( Captain ) . On 24 October 1939 , Bonte was appointed Commander of Torpedoboats ( " Führer der Torpedoboote " ) and two days later also Commander of Destroyer s ( " Führer der Zerstörer " ) of the German " Kriegsmarine " . He relinquished command of the torpedoboats at the end of November 1939 , but held the command over the destroyers until his death . On 10 February 1940 he was promoted to Commodore . Narvik . During the German invasion of Norway , Bonte commanded the ten destroyers carrying General Dietl ' s mountain troops to Narvik on 9 April 1940 . On the morning of 10 April , the flotilla was attacked in Narvik fjord by British destroyers under the command of Commodore Bernard Warburton - Lee . In the ensuing battle , Bonte ' s flagship , the destroyer " Wilhelm Heidkamp " , was hit by a torpedo and exploded . Bonte and most of the crew perished . Bonte was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross .
The New Brunswick Scottish The New Brunswick Scottish was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army . Originally founded as The South New Brunswick Regiment in 1946 by the amalgamation of The Saint John Fusiliers ( M . G . ) and The New Brunswick Rangers , the regiment acquired its present title in 1946 shortly after establishment . In 1954 , as a result of the Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army , this regiment was amalgamated with Carleton and York Regiment to form 1st Battalion The Royal New Brunswick Regiment ( Carleton and York ) . The New Brunswick Scottish were allied to the King ' s Own Scottish Borderers and were kitted with a blue glengarry c / w diced border , scarlet doublet , white sporran with two black points , scarlet & black hose , blue doublets for pipers and tartan trews for bandsmen , with full dress only for pipers and bandsmen . The regiment perpetuated the 26th , 55th , 115th , 145th and 236th Battalions and 7th M . G . Battalion C . E . F and held its final Order of Precedence as 30 . Battle honours . South Africa 1899 - 1900 & 1902 , Mount Sorrel , Somme 1916 & 18 , Flers - Courcelette , Thiepval , Ancre Heights , Arras 1917 & 18 , Vimy 1917 , Arleux , Scarpe 1917 & 18 , Hill 70 , Ypres 1917 , Passchendaele , Amiens , Hindenburg Line , Canal du Nord , Cambrai 1918 , Pursuit to Mons , France and Flanders 1915 - 18
USS Larch ( AN - 21 ) USS " Larch " ( AN - 21 / YN - 16 ) was an " Aloe " - class net laying ship which was assigned to serve the U . S . Navy during World War II with her protective anti - submarine nets . Built in West Virginia . " Larch " ( YN - 16 ) was laid down 18 October 1940 by Marietta Manufacturing Company , Point Pleasant , West Virginia ; launched 2 July 1941 ; and placed in service 13 December 1941 , Lt . C . B . Coale , USNR , in command . World War II service . After shakedown , " Larch " was assigned to the 3d Naval District and operated on antisubmarine warfare ( ASW ) patrol out of New York harbor . Departing New York City 12 April 1942 , the net tender arrived Trinidad , 2 weeks later for patrol and net laying operations in the West Indies . " Larch " was placed in full commission at Trinidad 13 December 1942 Lt . C . C . Dilcer in command and was reclassified " AN - 21 " on 20 January 1944 . Playing a small but vital role , she laid , maintained , and removed anti - torpedo and antisubmarine nets in the West Indies throughout World War II . On 10 January 1945 , " Larch " helped salvage a Pan American Clipper which had crashed in the Gulf of Paria , Venezuela , recovering six bodies and the plane fuselage . Post - war decommissioning . Departing Trinidad 25 September , " Larch " steamed toward Norfolk , Virginia , arriving there 12 October . She operated out of Norfolk until she decommissioned there 28 June 1946 . She was struck from the Navy List 5 March 1947 , and transferred to Turkey under the Military Assistance Program 10 May 1948 . She served the Turkish Navy as " AG - 4 ( P - 304 " ) .
Wang Fengge Wang Fengge ( 王凤阁 ) ( 1895 – 1937 ) was born in Tonghua , Jilin , China . In 1914 Wang Fengge graduated from the Donghua Normal School , and had studied traditional martial arts as a young man . In 1922 he was made a company commander in a brigade of the Northeast Army . In 1926 he retired from the army , going into business , and became involved in the Big Swords Society . After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria , he raised a volunteer force by linking up with other citizens in the Linjiang and Ji ' an areas during late 1931 and announced the establishment of his army in March 1932 . In April , 1932 Tang Juwu revolted in Huanren , establishing the Liaoning Self - Defense Corps . Wang Fengge ' s unit and other groups of Big Swords became part of Tang Juwu ' s force . On May 7 , 1932 , Wang led his force and with Commander Fang Chun of the Huinan anti - Japanese force jointly attacked and occupied the Liuho county seat , and proclaimed the revolt against Japan in a circular telegram . Wang ' s unit of 1 , 000 men , suddenly increased to 5 , 000 , and he organized them into six brigades . By the end of February 1933 , most of the large volunteer armies had fled to the Soviet Union , from where they were eventually repatriated . However Wang did not flee and fought on in a guerrilla unit , and continued to harass the Japanese and Manchukuoan forces for many years in Liaoning . Wang Fengge was captured in 1937 after a three - day battle and was then executed , along with his wife and child .
General Electric J73 The General Electric J73 turbojet was developed by General Electric from the earlier J47 engine . Its original USAF designation was J47 - 21 , but the innovative features ( variable inlet guide vanes , and single - shell combustor case ) led to its redesignation as J73 .
Dreadnought ( book ) Dreadnought : Britain , Germany , and the Coming of the Great War ( 1991 ) is a book by Robert K . Massie on the growing European tension in decades before World War I , especially the naval arms race between Britain and Germany . A sequel , covering the naval war between Germany and Britain , " " was published in 2004 . Summary . Massie begins with the birth of Queen Victoria and follows the chronology of the royal families of Europe , culminating in the unification of Germany by Bismarck and the crowning of Kaiser William II . With the stage set , Massie describes the series of people and events that contributed to the outbreak of war , including Alfred von Tirpitz and his plan for German naval superiority , the Kruger Telegram , Boer War and Boxer Rebellion . " HMS Dreadnought " . While largely concerned with political and historic matters , a substantial chapter documents the design innovations incorporated into the namesake warship and the interactions between Winston Churchill and Admiral of the Fleet Jackie Fisher that influenced its design and construction .
George Varney George Varney ( 1834 – 1911 ) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was awarded the grade of brevet brigadier general , United States Volunteers , in 1867 for his gallant service at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13 , 1862 . Born in Levant , Maine , he was a wholesale grocer in Bangor , Maine when the war broke out in 1861 . Varney enlisted as a major in the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment , which was the first unit to march out of the state in response to President Abraham Lincoln ' s call for volunteers to suppress the rebellion after the fall of Fort Sumter . He was wounded and captured in the unit ' s first engagement , the First Battle of Bull Run , in July , 1861 , but exchanged for a captured Confederate officer a month later . Promoted to lieutenant colonel , Varney was captured a second time ( and exchanged a second time ) at the Battle of Gaines ' Mill in 1862 . He suffered a head wound at the Battle of Fredericksburg . Lt . Colonel Varney led his regiment along an unfinished railroad cut to get closer to the stone wall on Marye ' s Heights . A shell fragment struck him on the head and dropped him senseless to the ground . Major Daniel F . Sargent assumed command of the regiment and led it out of the cut where it disintegrated almost immediately under withering rifle and artillery fire from the Confederates behind the stone wall on Marye ' s Heights . Lt . Colonel Varney recovered from his wound and was made colonel of the regiment on January 10 , 1863 with the retirement of Colonel Charles W . Roberts . Colonel Varney was honorably mustered out of the United States Volunteers on June 9 , 1863 . Varney was among a number of colonels and lower ranking officers who were awarded the honorary grade of brevet brigadier generals to rank from March 13 , 1865 . President Andrew Johnson nominated Colonel Varney for the award of brevet brigadier general , United States Volunteers , on January 18 , 1867 and the brevet was confirmed by the U . S . Senate on February 21 , 1867 to rank from March 13 , 1865 . Varney lived the rest of his life in Bangor , Maine and is one of eight union generals buried at Mt . Hope Cemetery Varney ' s letters and other papers were discovered by a descendent , Robert W . P . Cutler , in 1980 and published in the book " The Tin Box " ( Morris Pub . , 1999 )
Asano Nagamasa Asano accompanied Hideyoshi in his campaign against the Mōri clan , and fought in Hideyoshi ' s invasions of Korea . He also fought for Hideyoshi against the Hōjō clan in 1590 and captured Iwatsuki and Edo castle s . Asano was also appointed by Hideyoshi to a Commission of Five ( " Go - Bugyō " ) along with Ishida Mitsunari , Maeda Gen ' i , Mashita Nagamori and Natsuka Masaie . Asano held seniority over the Commissioners , who were charged with governing the capital of Kyoto and the Home Provinces or " Kinai " . A close advisor to Hideyoshi , Asano devised the land survey and a number of other policies enacted under his rule . In 1598 , Hideyoshi ' s invasions were coming to an end , and Asano was sent to Korea with his fellow Commissioner Ishida Mitsunari to arrange for Japanese withdrawal . Asano was assured by the generals that the war was going well , and that they were on the verge of victory . Ishida disagreed , however , and supported withdrawal from Korea . Returning to Japan , " daimyō " ( feudal lords ) from across the country became involved in the debate , and the disagreement grew into a major governmental rift . The " Go - Bugyō " disbanded soon afterwards , having already been replaced by the Council of Five Elders ( " Tairō " ) by Hideyoshi before his death . Nagamasa was succeeded by his son Asano Yoshinaga .
Charles Emil Lewenhaupt Charles Emil Lewenhaupt the Elder ( March 28 , 1691 – August 4 , 1743 ) was a Swedish general . Biography . He was born on March 28 , 1691 to Count and Lieutenant General Carl Gustaf Löwenhaupt and Countess Amalia Wilhelmina von Königsmarck . At the age of 16 , Lewenhaupt entered Dutch service where he was promoted to the rank of Captain in 1709 . The year later he entered Swedish service . Lewenhaupt was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and participated at the Battle of Gadebusch in 1712 . In 1722 Lewenhaupt was promoted to Major General . At the diet of 1741 he was a factor in the decision to wage war against Imperial Russia . Following the war , on June 20 , 1743 , Lewenhaupt was sentenced to death on grounds of poor performance and conduct in the war . The execution was set to 20 July , and later postponed to 30 July . Lewenhaupts ' son and a small party managed to free him , but Lewenhaupt was re - arrested when aboard a vessel in the Stockholm archipelago bound for Danzig . On August 4 , 1743 Lewenhaupt was decapitated at Norrtull in Stockholm . Personal life . In 1720 Lewenhaupt married Beata Cronhielm . The couple had one son , Charles Emil Lewenhaupt the Younger ( 1721 – 1796 ) .
SM U - 109 U - 109 was a submarine in the Imperial German Navy in World War I , taking part in the First Battle of the Atlantic . The building contract was confirmed 5 May 1916 , and was awarded to Germaniawerft , Kiel . A Type 93 boat , she was launched 25 September 1917 and commissioned 7 November . She was under the command of Otto Ney . On 28 January 1918 , she was sunk in the English Channel , possibly by a mine , while diving to avoid ships from the Dover Patrol ( particularly drifter H . M . Beryl III ) . She sank no ships .
55th Special Operations Squadron The 55th Special Operations Squadron ( 55 SOS ) most recently was part of the 1st Special Operations Wing at Hurlburt Field , Florida . It operated MH - 60G Pave Hawk aircraft in support of special operations . History . The 55th trained and performed rescue and recovery missions from , 1952 – 1960 . The squadron supported manned spacecraft recovery operations from , June 1961 – January 1966 . It supported special operations missions from , March 1988 – 2007 including combat in Panama , 20 December 1989 – 14 January 1990 , and Southwest Asia , 1 January – 12 March 1991 . Operation Provide Comfort
SS Klio ( 1924 ) Klio was a 1 , 403 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1924 by AG Weser , Bremen , Germany for Neptun Line . In 1945 , she was seized by the Allies and passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , renamed Empire Conclyde . In 1946 , she was passed to the Soviet Union and renamed Shota Rustavelli . Description . The ship was built in 1924 by AG Weser , Bremen . The ship was long , with a beam of a depth of . She had a GRT of 1 , 403 and a NRT of 635 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by AG Weser . History . " Klio " was built for Dampfschiffahrts Gesellschaft Neptun AG ( Neptun Line ) , Bremen . Her port of registry was Bremen . The Code Letters QLWR and German Official Number 2467 were allocated . In 1934 , her Code Letters were changed to DONP . In May 1945 , " Klio " was seized by the Allies at Rendsburg . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Conclyde " . She was placed under the management of William Robertson & Co Ltd . Her port of registry was changed to London and the Code Letters GSPZ were allocated . In 1946 , " Empire Conclyde " was transferred to the Soviet Union , and was renamed " Shota Rustavelli " .
William H . Freeman William Henry Freeman ( May 10 , 1844 – August 26 , 1911 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Freeman enlisted in the Army from his birthplace of Troy , New York in September 1862 , and was assigned to Company B of the 169th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Freeman mustered out with his regiment in July 1865 . Medal of Honor citation . For The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private William Henry Freeman , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism on 15 January 1865 , while serving with Company B , 169th New York Infantry , in action at Fort Fisher , North Carolina . Private Freeman volunteered to carry the brigade flag after the bearer was wounded . General Orders : Date of Issue : May 27 , 1905 Action Date : January 15 , 1865 Service : Army Rank : Private Company : Company B Division : 169th New York Infantry
60th Fighter Wing The 60th Fighter Wing ( 60 FW ) is a disbanded unit of the United States Air Force , last stationed at Felts Field , Spokane , Washington . It was withdrawn from the Washington Air National Guard ( WA ANG ) and inactivated on 31 October 1950 . This wing is not related to the 60th Troop Carrier Wing , Medium , or subsequent units that was constituted and activated on 1 July 1948 . History . World War II . The wing was a World War II command and control organization for Army Air Bases training replacement personnel being assigned to troop carrier groups and glider units in the overseas combat theaters . Inactivated at the end of the war . Air National Guard . Allocated to the Washington Air National Guard for command and control origination for units in the Northwest region ( Washington , Oregon ) of the United States . Extended federal recognition and activated on 7 December 1947 . At the end of October 1950 , the Air National Guard converted to the wing - base Hobson Plan organization . As a result , the wing was withdrawn from the Washington ANG and was inactivated on 31 October 1950 . The 142d Fighter Wing was established by the National Guard Bureau , allocated to the state of Oregon , recognized and activated 1 November 1950 ; assuming the personnel , equipment and mission of the inactivated 60th Fighter Wing .
Battle of the Zab The Battle of the Zab ( Arabic : معركة الزاب ) took place on the banks of the Great Zab river in what is now Iraq on January 25 , 750 . It spelled the end of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasids , a dynasty that would last ( under various influences and with varying power ) until the 13th century . Background . In 747 a major rebellion broke out against the Umayyad Caliphate , which ruled most of the Middle East from 661 to 750 . The principal cause of the rebellion was the increasing gap between the outlying peoples of the Caliphate and the Damascus - based Umayyad government . The Umayyad - appointed governors of the Caliphate ' s various provinces were corrupt and interested only with personal gains . Additionally , the Umayyads claimed no direct descent from Muhammad , while the Abbasids did ( they descended from Muhammad ' s uncle Abbas — a fact the latter used greatly during the revolution ) . The armies . In 750 , the army of the Umayyad caliph Marwan II fought a combined force of Abbasid , Shia , and Persian soldiers at the Zab . Marwan ' s army was , on paper at least , far larger and more formidable than that of his opponents , as it contained many veterans of earlier Umayyad campaigns against the Byzantine Empire ; its support for the caliph , however , was only lukewarm . The morale of the Umayyads had been damaged by the series of defeats inflicted earlier in the rebellion , while the morale of the Abbasid armies had increased . The battle . The Abbasid army formed a spear wall , a tactic they had adopted from their Syrian opponents , presumably from witnessing it in earlier battles . This entailed standing in a battle line with their lances pointed at the enemy ( similar to the stakes used by English longbowmen at Agincourt and Crécy many centuries later ) . The Umayyad cavalry charged , possibly believing that with their experience they could break the spear wall . This was a mistake on their part , however , and they were all but butchered . The Umayyad army fell into retreat , its morale finally shattered . Many were cut down by the zealous Abbasids or were drowned in the wintertime River Zab . Aftermath . Marwan himself escaped the battlefield and fled down the Levant , pursued relentlessly by the Abbasids , who met no serious resistance from the Syrians because the land had recently been laid waste by an earthquake and pestilence . Marwan fled at last to Abusir / Busir , which is a small town on the Egyptian Nile delta . It was here , a few months after the battle , that he was at last killed in a short battle and replaced as caliph by Abu al - Abbas as - Saffah , bringing to an end Umayyad rule in the Middle East .