naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William Thompson ( general ) William Thompson ( July 5 , 1736 – September 3 , 1781 ) was a soldier from Pennsylvania and a brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War . Thompson was born in Ireland and emigrated to Carlisle , Pennsylvania . During the French and Indian War , Thompson served as a captain in the Kittanning Expedition under John Armstrong . After news of the Battle of Bunker Hill reached Pennsylvania in 1775 , Thompson was appointed colonel of a rifle battalion and was sent to Massachusetts to help in the defense of Boston . His unit was known as Thompson ' s Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion , or the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment . After Thompson ' s company of Pennsylvania sharpshooters drove back a British landing - party on November 9 , 1775 , he was made a brigadier - general , to the displeasure of George Washington , who had reservations about Thompson ' s abilities . Sent to reinforce American troops in Canada , Thompson was captured during an attack on the enemy at Trois - Rivières in Quebec on June 8 , 1776 . He was paroled , but not exchanged for four years , and so he could not reenter military service . Thompson blamed Congressman Thomas McKean for hindering his exchange ; his criticism became so harsh that he was censured by Congress . McKean successfully sued Thompson for libel . Thompson married Katherine Ross daughter of , signer of the Declaration of Independence for Pennsylvania . After finally being exchanged for Baron Riedesel , Thompson died at his home near Carlisle . Thompson Street in the Greenwich Village and SoHo neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City was named after General Thompson , as well as – originally – the adjacent Vesuvio Playground . External links . Sam Maner Revolutionary War Generals site
James Stoddard ( Medal of Honor ) James Stoddard ( born 1838 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions during an engagement in Yazoo City , Mississippi . Born in 1838 in Port Robinson , Upper Canada ( in present - day Ontario ) , Stoddard enlisted in the U . S . Navy on September 21 , 1863 , in Detroit . By March 5 , 1864 , he was serving as a seaman on the . On that day , he was among a group of sailors who went ashore with a howitzer to help repulse a Confederate attack on Yazoo City , Mississippi . He and his comrades defended their gun against superior forces , often engaging in hand - to - hand combat . Stoddard was wounded in the neck during the action , but recovered and received the Medal of Honor and a promotion to acting master ' s mate on April 14 , 1864 . Two of his shipmates , Seaman William J . Franks and Seaman Bartlett Laffey , were also awarded the medal for being in the gun crew . He resigned from the Navy in May 1865 . Stoddard ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Off Yazoo City , Miss . , 5 March 1864 . Embarking from the " Marmora " with a 12 - pound howitzer mounted on a field carriage , Stoddard landed with the gun and crew in the midst of heated battle and , bravely standing by his gun despite enemy rifle fire which cut the gun carriage and rammer , contributed to the turning back of the enemy during the fierce engagement . In 1944 , the destroyer was named in his honor .
Key Resolve Key Resolve is the new name ( as of 2008 ) for the military exercise previously known as RSOI , which stands for Reception , Staging , Onward Movement , Integration ( and even earlier as Team Spirit ) . It is an annual command post exercise ( CPX ) held by United States Forces Korea , and conducted with the Republic of Korea Armed Forces . It is conducted between February and April and focuses on United States Pacific Command OPLANs that support the defense of South Korea . Additionally , US units are moved to Korea from other areas and they conduct maneuvers and gunnery exercises . ROK units also conduct maneuvers with some acting as the OPFOR . Doctrinally , RSOI is detailed in FM 100 - 17 - 3 , the field manual for RSOI . This exercise , like the Ulchi - Freedom Guardian ( UFG ) exercise , regularly leads to accusations by North Korea that it is a prelude to an invasion by the United States and South Korea .
Encirclements in 1941 The majority of the fighting and dying in World War II centered on the Eastern Front and the clash of the Nazi and Soviet armies . The Nazi invasion in June 1941 Operation Barbarossa can be viewed as a series of double envelopments , capturing huge numbers of men and machines . Also called " cauldrons " , the great encirclement battles of 1941 cost the Soviet Union dearly . There were approximately 8 - 11 pockets in 1941 , each of which netted more than 100 , 000 prisoners - most of them would be dead within the next eight months .
Armalite AR - 30 The Armalite AR - 30 is a bolt - action rifle manufactured by Armalite . It is essentially a scaled - down version of the Armalite ' s AR - 50 rifle and is available in three cartridges ; the . 308 Winchester , . 300 Winchester Magnum and . 338 Lapua . It was introduced at the 2000 SHOT Show as part of Armalite ' s attempt to showcase their sniper rifles . Design . The AR - 30 features a 5 - round detachable box magazine . Weight is 12 pounds empty . 26 inch chrome - moly barrel , 6 groove , RH 1 : 10 inch twist and 48 inches overall length . The receiver is modified octagonal form , drilled and slotted for a scope rail . The bolt is a dual front locking lug . There is a Schilen standard single stage trigger with approximately a 5 LB . pull . A muzzle brake is optional on the . 308 Win . and . 300 Win . Mag models ; it is standard on the . 338 Lapua model . The scope rail is mil - standard with boss to engage cross - slot on the receiver . Stock comes in 3 sections , extruded forend , machine grip frame with vertical grip , forged and machined removable buttstock . The buttplate is vertically adjustable , specifically built for heavy calibers . Variants . AR - 30A1 . In November 2012 , Armalite announced the introduction of the AR - 30A1 . The AR - 30A1 is completely redesigned and shares few parts in common with the original AR - 30 . The new A1 model is available in two calibers : . 300 Winchester Magnum and . 338 Lapua Magnum . Both chamberings are available in a " standard " , fixed stock version and a " target " version with a thumb - wheel adjustable stock and enhanced sight and accessory rails . The AR - 30A1 replaces the AR - 30 in the Armalite product lineup . AR - 31 . ArmaLite announced the introduction of the AR - 31 at the National Association of Sporting Goods Wholesalers Expo in October 2013 . The AR - 31 is a short - action rifle based on the long - action AR - 30A1 . The initial rifle offered was chambered in . 308 Win , and the rifle will accept AR - 10B magazines .
United States involvement in regime change United States involvement in regime change encompasses both overt and covert actions aimed at altering , replacing , or preserving foreign governments . Overt involvements . Many interventions have included overt support or opposition to specific regimes . 1895 - 1917 . The Puerto Rican Campaign was an American military sea and land operation on the island of Puerto Rico during the Spanish – American War . The United States Navy attacked the archipelago ’ s capital , San Juan . Though the damage inflicted on the city was minimal , the Americans were able to establish a blockade in the city ’ s harbor , San Juan Bay . The land offensive began on July 25 with 1 , 300 infantry soldiers . All military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on August 13 , after U . S . President William McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon , acting on behalf of the Spanish government , signed an armistice whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the territories of Puerto Rico , Cuba , the Philippines and Guam . Covert involvements . During the modern area , Americans were involved in numerous covert actions to support international regime change . During the Cold War era , American influence helped support change of regime in Syria in 1949 , Iran in 1953 , Guatemala in 1954 , Brazil in 1964 .
Beretta AS70 / 90 The Beretta AS70 / 90 was a light machine gun or squad automatic weapon derived from the Beretta AR70 / 90 rifle system . It used the same gas operated , rotating bolt system as the rifle but fired from an open bolt and had a much heavier fixed barrel . There were some minor cosmetic changes from the rifle , including a beefier front hand grip and enlarged handguards around the barrel . The stock was modified slightly to support the shooters shoulder and provides a grip for the support hand . The carrying handle was removable and its mounting can be used for a variety of optics . The AS70 / 90 light machine gun had been introduced by Beretta as a response to the requests of the Italian Army , which by the time ( late 1980s ) was looking for a more compact and handy squad automatic weapon to replace in this role the MG - 42 / 59 ( Italian license - made version of the German Rheinmetall MG3 machine - gun ) . The AS70 / 90 anyway never passed well the extremely stringent trial tests it underwent by the Alpini troops of the Italian Army . The open bolt working system made this gun more sensitive to the penetration of dirt and other elements which caused frequent jamming and malfunctions . Furthermore , the AS70 / 90 fed only by STANAG magazines ; and although this includes the possibility of using the high - capacity ( 100 - rounds ) Beta C - Mag , this was still too little for the necessity of the Italian Armed Forces , who basically wanted a belt - fed weapon with magazine - feeding possibility as an emergency optional . As a result , the AS70 / 90 was discarded , the FN MINIMI light machine - gun being adopted instead ( and being since manufactured under license in Italy by Beretta ) . The AS70 / 90 never interested any other customer , and quickly went out of the Beretta Defence / Police catalogues . The very few samples manufactured are today in the hands of Beretta itself and of the Italian Armed Forces , which make no use of it .
Morgan Rawls Morgan Rawls ( June 29 , 1829 – October 18 , 1906 ) was an American politician and lawyer , as well as an officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Rawls was born near Statesboro , Georgia in 1829 and moved to Guyton , Georgia in 1856 . During the American Civil War , he joined the Confederate States Army as an infantry captain and was eventually promoted to colonel in the 54th Regiment of the Georgia Infantry . After the war , Rawls was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1865 . He also served multiple terms in the Georgia House of Representatives ( from 1863 – 1865 , 1868 – 1872 , 1886 – 1889 and 1896 – 1904 ) . In 1872 , Rawls was elected as a Democrat to represent Georgia ' s 1st congressional district in the U . S . House of Representatives during the 43rd Congress ; however , he only served from March 4 , 1873 , until March 24 , 1874 . Republican Andrew Sloan was successful in contesting Rawls ' election and served the remainder of the term in the 43rd Congress . Rawls served in the office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives from 1874 to 1882 and 1891 to 1895 . He died in Guyton on October 18 , 1906 , and was buried in Guyton Cemetery .
Fort Tompkins ( Plattsburgh , New York ) Fort Tompkins is a former fort in Plattsburgh , New York . After the British defeat at the Battle of Plattsburgh , two additional forts were added near Forts Brown , Moreau , and Scott . Fort Tompkins , was constructed South West of Brown and contained three cannons . Fort Gains was added between Tompkins and the lake which created a pentagon shaped complex which was later connected with curtain walls .
23rd Virginia Cavalry The 23rd Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought in the Shenandoah Valley . Virginia ’ s 23rd Cavalry Regiment was organized in April , 1864 , by consolidating seven companies of the 41st Battalion Virginia Cavalry and two companies of O ' Ferrall ' s Battalion Virginia Cavalry . The unit served in Imboden ' s Brigade and was involved in various conflicts in the Shenandoah Valley . It disbanded during April , 1865 . The field officers were Colonel Robert White , Lieutenant Colonel Charles T . O ' Ferrall , and Major Fielding H . Calmese .
AN / MPQ - 64 Sentinel The AN / MPQ - 64 Sentinel is a three - dimensional radar used to alert and queue Short Range Air Defense ( SHORAD ) weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their front line forces . The Sentinel radar is deployed with forward area air defense units of the U . S . Army and USMC . The radar uses an X - band range - gated , pulse - doppler system . The antenna uses phase - frequency electronic scanning technology , forming sharp 3D pencil beams covering large surveillance and track volume . The radar automatically acquires , tracks , classifies , identifies and reports targets , including cruise missile s , unmanned aerial vehicle s , rotary and fixed - wing aircraft . It uses a high scan rate ( 30 RPM ) and operates at a range of 40 km . The radar is designed with high resistance to electronic countermeasures ( ECM ) . Mounted on a towed platform , it can be positioned remotely from the rest of the unit , operated autonomous ly and communicate with the Fire Distribution Center ( FDC ) via wideband fiber - optic link . It can also distribute its data over a SINCGARS radio network . Upgrades . 1 . Under an ongoing product modernization program , Sentinel is equipped with new , modern COTS based electronics which ensures greater performance while implementing a low risk technology insertion . This Improved Sentinel Radar provides a significant range extension improvement . 2 . The Army has designated the Sentinel radar as an objective force system ( to remain in the field until 2030 ) and has developed a modernization plan to meet those requirements . 3 . Multi Mode Sentinel : New operational mode developed for acquisition and tracking of Rocket , Artillery and Mortar ( RAM ) Fire . The new version is named AN / MPQ - 64F1 Improved Sentinel . Manufacturer . Before acquisition by Raytheon , the Hughes Aircraft Co . developed the AN / MPQ - 64 Sentinel radar at its Fullerton , California facility , and manufactures it at its Forest , Mississippi plant .
338th Combat Crew Training Squadron The 338th Combat Crew Training Squadron is a currently inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 96th Operations Group , stationed at Dyess Air Force Base , Texas . It was inactivated on October 1 , 1993 . History . Established as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England , Flew combat missions over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until the German capitulation in May 1945 . Activated as a reserve B - 29 Superfortress squadron , 1947 . Not equipped or manned ; inactivated due to budget reductions , 1949 . Reactivated in 1953 as a Strategic Air Command B - 47 Stratojet squadron . Performed global deployments and training until inactivated in 1963 . With the phaseout of the B - 47 the training aircraft sent to storage at Davis - Monthan and the squadron was inactivated . Reactivated in 1986 as a B - 1B Lancer training squadron , assuming assets of 4018th Combat Crew Training Squadron which was activated in 1985 when B - 1s first arrived at Dyess . On September 28 , 1987 , a squadron B - 1B Lancer 84 - 0052 suffered a bird strike during a Radar Bomb Scoring training mission to the Strategic Training Range Complex serviced by the La Junta Bomb Plot radar site . An American White Pelican struck the Rockwell B - 1 Lancer traveling at and about with 6 military aboard , and the damage caused a fire . The instructor pilot took control and flew the B - 1B to 3 , 500 ft after which the crash occurred . The copilot ' s ejection seat failed and 2 others in jump seats were unable to successfully bail out , killing Maj . James T . Acklin ( instructor pilot , age 37 ) , 1st Lt . Ricky M . Bean ( student pilot , 27 ) , and Maj . Wayne D . Whitlock ( instructor defensive systems officer , 39 ) . The student defensive systems officer , student aircraft commander , and instructor offensive systems officer successfully ejected and were treated for minor injuries at the USAF Academy hospital . A low - level restriction was temporarily enacted , and modifications to increase the aircraft design from 6 pounds to withstand a 10 pound strike were complete by December 1988 . The squadron was inactivated in 1993 as part of the drawdown of the USAF after the end of the Cold War .
Down End Castle Down End Castle , also known as Downend Castle , Chisley Mount or Chidley Mount , was a motte - and - bailey castle at Down End , north of Dunball in the parish of Puriton , Somerset , England . It has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . History . Down End Castle was built at Down End , north of Dunball in Somerset , England . The castle has a motte and bailey design , with the two baileys lying to the north of the motte ; the inner bailey has one bank and the outer one a double bank . The mound measures across the top , and may have exploited an existing Viking site . The castle was once fed water by a natural spring at the base of the motte . Recent academic work has suggested that the castle was built around 1100 , after the surrounding region of Somerset had become stable in the years following the Norman invasion of England and the subsequent Anglo - Saxon rebellion against Norman rule . The location Down End was strategically well placed , as the nearby Parrett is an important tidal river , essential for trade during the early medieval period . The de Columbers were probably responsible for building the castle , which also enjoyed a good defensive position on a natural ridge , protected by several nearby streams ; the family also built nearby Stowey Castle . Norman and later pottery and iron objects were found during excavations in 1908 ; these match those found at the nearby castle of Neroche , also built around 1100 . Down End became a new borough town in 1225 , but may have existed as a settlement and port from 1159 onwards ; the de Columbers were lords of the manor of nearby Puriton in the late 12th century . After the creation of Bridgwater town and castle , however , Down End began to face fierce competition as a port : Bridgwater eventually became dominant and Down End went into decline . Today only the earthworks remain , and the site is a scheduled monument .
War between Armenia and Iberia The War between Armenia and Iberia ( AD 51 ) is known chiefly through its description in Tacitus ' Annals . The war took place as a delicate balance of power between the Roman and Parthian Empires was in place in the Caucasus . Rome was then ruled by Claudius , Parthia by Vologases I . Two brothers then ruled the Caucasian kingdoms , Pharasmanes I in Iberia , Mithridates in Armenia . They were both dependent on Roman support , which had encouraged the Iberian conquest of Armenia ( then a Parthian dependency ) in 35 AD and subsequent coronation of Mithridates . However , 15 years later , trust between the brothers had deteriorated , which Tacitus blames on the intrigues of Pharasmanes ' son Rhadamistus . Fearing usurpation by Rhadamistus , his father convinced him to make war upon his uncle and claim the Armenian throne for himself . The Iberians invaded with a large army and forced Mithridates to retreat into the fortress of Gorneas ( Garni ) , which was garrisoned by the Romans under the command of Caelius Pollio , a prefect , and Casperius , a centurion . Rhadamistus was unable to take the fortress by assault or by siege . Pollio , swayed by bribery from Rhadamistus , induced the Roman soldiers to threaten the capitulation of the garrison . Under this threat , Mithridates left the fortress in order to make peace with Rhadamistus . Rhadamistus then executed Mithridates and his sons , despite a promise of non - violence , and became King of Armenia . Of this usurpation , Tacitus wrote " Rhadamistus might retain his ill - gotten gains , as long as he was hated and infamous ; for this was more to Rome ' s interest than for him to have succeeded with glory " . However , faced with this upset of the regional balance and fearing that after Pharasmane ' s death Iberia and Armenia would unite as a single powerful kingdom in the hands of Rhadamistus , the Parthians reacted by invading Armenia in 53 AD . After 2 years of war , the Armenian nobility revolted and replaced Rhadamistus with the Parthian prince Tiridates . This was unacceptable to Rome , and started the Roman – Parthian War of 58 – 63 .
James A . Barber Corporal James Albert Barber ( July 11 , 1841 to June 26 , 1925 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Barber was awarded the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action at Petersburg , Virginia in April 1865 . He was presented with the award on June 20 , 1866 . Biography . Barber enlisted as an artillery man in the First Rhode Island Light Artillery on November 11 , 1861 at age 20 . He was among a twenty member detachment of his company , Battery G . , along with an infantry assaulting party , that captured enemy weapons and assaulted enemy forces , on 2 April 1865 .
Richard Bull ( aviator ) Richard Bull ( 14 July 1914 – 5 February 1942 ) was a United States Navy aviator during World War II . Biography . He was born in New York City on 14 July 1914 . He enlisted in the Navy on 16 July 1938 at Miami , Florida , and underwent flight training at the Naval Air Station Pensacola , Fla . , before winning his wings on 12 October 1939 . Appointed ensign on 21 November 1939 , he was assigned to Patrol Squadron 22 ( PatRon 22 ) on that date . On 28 November 1940 , Ens . Bull was designated a patrol plane commander . Transferred with his squadron to the East Indies early in World War II , Ens . Bull took part in the gallant efforts of Patrol Wing 10 ( PatWing 10 ) as its slow , ungainly PBY Catalina flying boat s hunted for elements of the Japanese fleet . On 21 January 1942 , a temporary appointment as lieutenant ( junior grade ) was sent to Bull , but no record of his execution of the oath of office has been found . While on patrol off the coast of Borneo on 23 January 1942 , Bull discovered a transport and two destroyer s . Driven off by antiaircraft fire , he persistently remained in the vicinity and , as a result , sighted 26 ships a short time later . During another reconnaissance flight in the vicinity of the island of Ambon in the Netherlands East Indies on 5 February 1942 , Bull searched for an enemy aircraft carrier group reported to be nearby . He ran afoul of enemy fighters and was never seen again . For his " extraordinary flying achievement , courage and devotion to duty " in carrying out this mission , Bull received the posthumous award of the Distinguished Flying Cross . Namesake . In 1943 , two ships were named USS " Bull " in Lt . Bull ' s honor .
HMS Egmont ( 1810 ) HMS " Egmont " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 7 March 1810 at Northfleet . She was converted to serve as a storeship in 1862 , and was sold out of the Navy on 1875 .
USCGC Grand Isle ( WPB - 1338 ) The USCGC " Grand Isle " ( WPB - 1338 ) is an operated by the United States Coast Guard . She is based in Gloucester , Massachusetts , and named after Grand Isle , Louisiana . In January 2012 the " Grand Isle " returned to Gloucester after repairs that took six months . When she entered the Baltimore dockyard in the summer of 2011 she was estimated to require $ 1 . 6 million USD in repairs , repairs that would take eight weeks . However more extensive repairs were required , which took longer , and cost $ 2 . 7 million US $ .