naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1943 Filipstad explosion The 1943 Filipstad explosion was a fire in an ammunition store at Filipstad in Oslo on Sunday , 19 December 1943 , during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany . The fire started during the unloading of ammunition from the transport ship . The estimated amount of exploded ammunition varies from 800 to 1 , 200 tons . A large number of shells and grenades were tossed into the air and spread over the city . There were around 40 Norwegian casualties and around 75 Germans were killed , and 400 wounded . About 400 buildings were severely damaged . Course of events . The first explosion occurred at around 14 : 30 local time , and killed 20 dock workers , two crane operators , several German guards and crew from " Selma " . Workers that were not killed immediately managed to escape from the area or find shelter among large cement blocks on the wharf . The main explosion occurred two hours later , at around 16 : 30 , when an estimated 400 tons of ammunition exploded within a few seconds , five firefighters were killed and sixteen severely injured . The explosive fire lasted several hours . The dangerous situation was declared over at 21 : 45 the same night . A nearby coal store of 20 , 000 tons had been set on fire and burned for three weeks . The ship " Selma " did not explode during the Filipstad fire . The ship was towed away from Filipstad . It exploded and sank in another explosion on 11 January 1944 . Damage . The fire resulted in a large number of shells and grenades being thrown over Oslo , but most of them did not explode . The Filipstad area was severely damaged by the explosion and resulting fires . An area of about 60 decare s was completely destroyed . A disastrous fire developed in the neighbouring districts , which was the largest fire in Oslo since the establishment of a permanent fire brigade in 1861 . Around 350 firefighters from Oslo and 60 from Aker participated in the firefighting operations . Pressure waves resulted in glass being damaged in large areas of Oslo and Aker . According to the city architect , the amount of shattered glass was 53 , 000 square metres in residential houses , 28 , 000 square metres in offices and shops , and 9 , 000 square metres in public buildings such as hospitals and schools . The total amount of shattered glass was 90 , 000 square metres spread over 1 , 600 premises . The effect of the explosion was felt as far the southern part of Nordmarka , where the windows of Skjennungstua were shattered . Cause . After investigations by the German occupants , the incident was declared to be an accident . It has been speculated whether the cause could have been sabotage , but no organization or person admitted this .
BAP Mariátegui ( FM - 54 ) BAP Mariátegui ( FM - 54 ) is the last out of four " Carvajal " class frigate s ordered by the Peruvian Navy in 1973 . It was built by SIMA ( " Servicio Industrial de la Marina " , Navy Industrial Service ) at Callao under license from the Italian shipbuilder " Cantieri Navali Riuniti " . Shortage of funds and technical difficulties delayed her completion for several years , being finally commissioned in 1987 . In 1998 her flight deck was extended to allow ASH - 3D Sea King helicopter s to land and refuel , even though they can ' t be housed in the ship ' s hangar . The " Mariátegui " is named after Rear Admiral Ignacio Mariátegui who fought in the Peruvian War of Independence .
Accademia Aeronautica The Accademia Aeronautica is the Italian Air Force Academy , the institute for the training of Air Force officers . It ' s located in Pozzuoli in the province of Naples , in the Italian region of Campania . Among the oldest aviation academies in the world , it was founded in 1923 . In its academic programs , the Academy coordinates with the nearby University of Naples Federico II . Admission to the Academy is subject to the passing of a test open to all Italian citizens between 17 and 22 years old , with a high school diploma . The selection process , which happens between February and September , includes an examination , a medical check , and written and oral tests . History . The Italian air force was founded as an independent service by King Vittorio Emanuele III of the Kingdom of Italy ( " Regno d ' Italia " ) on March 28 , 1923 . The air force was then known as the " Regia Aeronautica " ( Royal Air Force ) . The first commander of the academy was Colonel Giuseppe Valle ; the top student in the first graduating class in 1926 was the noted aviator Fausto Cecconi . By 1928 the officers ' school was supported by separate schools for aircraft mechanics and meteorologists , then further specialized training for bomber pilots and fighter pilots . From 1926 through 1943 the academy was housed in the Palace of Caserta , a Baroque royal palace of the 18th century , now a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The 1942 film " The Three Pilots " provides a glimpse of the palace as an aviation school . The Academy also trained international students , for instance a large group of Peruvian students who began the three - year course in 1939 , acquiring " impressive expertise " . The battles of World War II on Italian soil led to the Italian Armistice of September 3 , 1943 , which split the Air Force into the Italian Co - Belligerent Air Force in the south aligned with the Allies , and the pro - Axis Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana in the north until the end of the war . In 1946 the re - constituted post - war Aeronautica Militare Italiana established the Academy on the island of Nisida in the Bay of Naples . In December 1961 the Academy moved to its current purpose - built facility on a hilltop overlooking the bay .
Thomas Jefferson Cowie Thomas Jefferson Cowie ( February 15 , 1857 - July 16 , 1936 ) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy whose active - duty career included serving as Navy Paymaster General and Chief of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts ( BuSandA ) . Following his retirement , he headed the Navy ' s Liberty Loans program and was secretary - treasurer of the Navy Mutual Aid Association . Biography . Cowie was born at Montezuma , Iowa in 1857 . He served as engineer ' s yeoman in from January 8 , 1877 to October 19 , 1878 , then enlisted in the Navy October 21 , 1878 at Constantinople . He was commissioned as assistant paymaster from June 16 , 1880 , rising to the rank of Rear Admiral and the position of Paymaster General and Chief of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts July 1 , 1910 . Rear Admiral Cowie was awarded the Navy Cross for his valuable services in connection with the Liberty Loans of World War I . Retired from the Navy on February 15 , 1921 , he was ordered to special duty in charge of the Navy Liberty Loan section of the Navy Allotment Office in March 1921 , and in June 1923 was ordered to additional duty as secretary - treasurer of the Navy Mutual Aid Association , a position which he held until his death on July 16 , 1936 in Washington , D . C . Namesake . The destroyer was named in his honor .
Sadie Bonnell Sadie Bonnell MM ( June 4 , 1888 – September 2 , 1993 ) was a FANY ambulance driver in the First World War who won the Military Medal . Biography . Sadie Bonnell was educated at Bedales , the first co - educational school in England . After leaving school she lived at home and , as she recalled , " looked after the servants , that kind of thing " . At the outbreak of the First World War , when she was 26 , she joined First Aid Nursing Yeomanry ( FANY ) as an ambulance driver . The FANYs had been founded in 1907 as an all - women mounted volunteer Corps . Though the FANYs were ready in 1914 , the War Office remained sceptical . Rejected as a British Army ambulance driver , Sadie Bonnell joined the Canadian Army Service Corps . At the time she earned the Military Medal in 1915 , she was based in a large camp on the road to Arques in France . She collected wounded men from a dressing station under heavy German bombardment , with Evelyn Brown , a volunteer Canadian . The enemy ' s shells had set a nearby ammunition dump on fire . She returned again and again , succeeding in removing all the wounded . She was decorated by the commander of British Second Army , General Sir Herbert Plumer , 1st Viscount Plumer with the Military Medal . She also was reported as showing courage during the East End Air Raid . She drove an ambulance in 1916 during some of the first air raids London experienced . She was one of the first women to drive an open - topped sports car around Europe . She loved fast cars and between the wars drove a six - cylinder AC with a red fish mascot on the bonnet . She married Herbert Marriott ( either in 1919 , according to her obituary in the Daily Telegraph or on 01 . 09 . 1916 , according to the Bonnell Genealogy Family Tree ) , but he died in 1921 during the influenza pandemic . She spent the Second World War in Sussex and knew A . A . Milne and his son , Christopher Robin . She later married Charles Leslie Talbot in 1948 . He died in 1967 . She had no children . She adored spending time in trees on platforms she had built herself , and continued doing so until well into her eighties . She designed and had built a house called " Thrushling " . After she sold it she revisited it and reviled the owners for covering her beautiful parquet floor with a carpet . She spent her final years at Dorset House , Droitwich . She received a telegram from the Queen on her hundredth birthday on 4 June 1988 . She died on 2 September 1993 . Her obituary appeared in the Daily Telegraph and The Times the next day .
Hermann Bix Hermann Bix ( 10 October 1914 – 31 July 1986 ) was a highly decorated panzer ace in the Wehrmacht . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Biography . Hermann Bix was born October 10 , 1914 in Strehlitz in the former region of Silesia . He attended vocational school for mechanical engineering and later joined the Wehrmacht in 1935 . In October 1941 he was awarded the Iron Cross I Class for single - handedly destroying a Russian motorized battalion near Baturyn . During 1942 he was wounded twice and was awarded the German Cross in Gold . Bix destroyed 75 tanks in 61 Battle Days , including 16 in a single day . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on March 22 , 1945 and before the end of the war he was named an officer cadet . In 1956 he joined the Bundeswehr and served until 1970 .
HMS Portland ( F79 ) HMS " Portland " is a Type 23 frigate of the British Royal Navy . She is the eighth ship to bear the name and is the fifteenth and penultimate ship of the ' Duke ' class of frigates . Operational history . The ship was accepted into service by the Royal Navy on 15 December 2000 and was commissioned on 3 May the following year . Present at the commissioning ceremony was " Portland " s sponsor Lady Brigstocke , wife of Admiral Sir John Brigstocke , a former Second Sea Lord . Lady Brigstocke launched the ship in 1999 . During sea trials " Portland " attained a top speed of , the fastest speed attained by any Type 23 frigate at that time . " Portland " assisted in the search for men lost from a capsized yacht on 3 February 2007 . She was deployed to the Caribbean for seven months in 2007 , intercepting 3 . 5 tonnes of cocaine in cooperation with a United States Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment ( LEDET ) and conducting disaster relief in Belize following Hurricane Dean . In April 2008 , " Portland " visited Liverpool with HMS " Mersey " and berthed at the cruise liner terminal at Princes Dock . In June 2009 while taking part in anti - piracy operations off the Horn of Africa , " Portland " intercepted ten pirates . However , as they were not caught in the immediate act of piracy the vessel was unable legally to detain them . In late April 2010 , " Portland " relieved on the Atlantic Patrol Task ( South ) . June 2011 saw " Portland " conducting night Naval Gunnery practice off Gibraltar in the Mediterranean . Towards the end of the month she sailed to Edinburgh to take part in Armed Forces Day . She is the first major warship in the Royal Navy to be commanded by a woman ; Commander Sarah West assumed command of HMS " Portland " on 21 May 2012 . " Portland " spent 2012 at Rosyth in a 50 - week refit that saw her upgraded with Sonar 2087 , new IT systems , Sea Wolf mid - life overhaul , gun replacements , galley refurbishment and accommodation improvements . She left Rosyth on 14 December 2012 for three months of sea trials . In August 2013 , she was announced as the Fleet Ready Escort for the next two months . She is due to participate in Exercise Joint Warrior 2013 .
Nuno da Cunha Nuno da Cunha ( c . 1487 – March 5 , 1539 ) was a governor of Portuguese possessions in India from 1528 to 1538 . He was the son of Antónia Pais and Tristão da Cunha , the famous Portuguese navigator , admiral and ambassador to Pope Leo X . Nuno da Cunha proved his mettle in battles at Oja and Brava , and at the capture of Panane , under the viceroy Francisco de Almeida . Named by João III ninth governor of Portuguese possessions in India , he served from April 1528 to 1538 . On his passage to Goa , he subdued the pirates at Mombassa who had been harassing the coast of Portuguese Mozambique . Mozambique had been brought within the Portuguese trading orbit and provided watering stations essential to Portugal ' s lifeline to the west coast of India . Nuno ' s brothers Pero Vaz da Cunha and Simão da Cunha were expected to serve under him as second and third in command , a form of nepotism that was expected in the Portuguese " Estado da Índia . " However , they died on the voyage , and Nuno was forced to rely upon local networks of clientage in Goa during his long rule . In 1529 , Nuno sent an expedition that sacked and burned the city of Damão on the Arabian Sea at the mouth of the Damão River , about 100 miles north of Mumbai in the Muslim state of Gujarat . Forces under his control captured Baxay ( now Vasai , often mistaken for Basra in Iraq ) from the Muslim ruler of Gujarat , Bahadur Shah , on January 20 , 1533 . The next year , renamed Bassein , the city became the capital of the Portuguese province of the North , and the great citadel of black basalt , still standing , was begun . ( It was completed in 1548 . ) Forced to return to Portugal as a result of court intrigues , he was shipwrecked at the Cape of Good Hope and drowned . His first marriage was to Maria da Cunha , and his second marriage was to Isabel da Silveira . The main source for Nuno da Cunha ' s career is the Portuguese historian João de Barros ( 1496 – 1570 ) , famous for his history of the Portuguese in their overseas territories . The work , " Asia de Ioam de Barros , dos fectos que os Portuguezes fizeram no descobrimento e conquista dos mares e terras do Oriente , " is full of lively detail , with incidents described like the king of Viantana ' s killing of the Portuguese ambassadors to Malacca with boiling water and their bodies thrown to dogs .
Shenyang J - 16 The Shenyang J - 16 fighter / bomber is a new strike plane designed and manufactured by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation , China . This is a multi - role fighter / bomber variant based on the J - 11BS with longer range and upgraded avionics , the concept is similar to F - 15E fighter / bomber . The first few photos of J - 16 were published on Chinese internet websites around June 2012 . It appears J - 16 has a slightly different vertical stabilizer compared to J - 11 fighter or J - 15 naval fighter . It is also equipped with missile pylons for Chinese PL - 8 air - to - air missiles , another difference compared to earlier J - 11 variants . Like the J - 11BS and the J - 15 , the fighter features numerous enhancements such as an AESA radar from the 607th institute ( the same manufacturer of the AESA found on the J - 11B and J - 15 ) , composites , radar absorbent material , MAWS , WS - 10 , ECM upgrades , and more . According to media reports , China has developed Shenyang J - 16 fighter based on the Shenyang J - 11 airframe influenced by the Russian Sukhoi Su - 30MKK that was sold to China in 2000 .
Charles E . Grant Staff Sergeant Charles E . Grant ( 1922 - 1984 ) was a non - commissioned officer with Easy Company , 2nd Battalion , 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , in the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army during World War II . Grant was portrayed in the HBO miniseries " Band of Brothers " by Nolan Hemmings . Youth . Grant was born in 1922 in Pennsylvania . He completed four years of high school and graduated . After graduation , he had an occupation in fabrication of metal products . Chuck enlisted with the paratroopers on August 18 , 1942 in Los Angeles , his hometown . Military service . Grant trained at Camp Toccoa under Herbert Sobel . Like many of the men from Easy Company , he made his first combat jump on D - Day as part of the Allied invasion of France . On September 19 , 1944 , in the Netherlands , he was wounded while helping to destroy an 88mm gun . In Austria , Grant was named 2nd platoon Staff Sergeant . In July 1945 , while driving a jeep with two members of 2nd platoon , Grant came across several dead soldiers : two Germans , a British major , and the major ' s driver . A drunken replacement from " I " Company had shot them , and Sergeant Grant was shot in the head when he confronted the man and attempted to disarm him . Grant survived because of the quick actions of Ronald Speirs and Jack Foley , who rushed him to an aid station . The medic there told them that Grant would not survive . However , Speirs , not willing to lose Grant , loaded him on a jeep and drove to Saalfelden , where he found a German brain surgeon who was able to operate and save Grant ' s life . Later years . Grant recovered slowly from the gunshot wound to his head , and he occasionally had some problems talking and his left arm was partially paralyzed . He lived in San Francisco , owning a little tobacco shop . He attended several of the Easy Company reunions and became 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment ' s representative in the 101st Airborne association . He died in 1984 .
Steven E . Day Early life and education . Rear Admiral Day was born in Albion , NY and due to his father ’ s employment with the Veterans Administration lived in Holley , NY , Bath , NY , and graduated from Norway - Vulcan High School , Norway , MI in 1967 . RDML Day holds an Associate ' s degree from Gogebic Community College , a Bachelors degree from Northern Michigan University , and a Master ' s degree from the University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point . Family . His father and mother instilled in his five sisters and three brothers that we owe our country at least two years of service . Evidence of this is RDML Day ’ s father retired as a Colonel , U . S . Army Reserve MP , his sister Suzanne completed four years active duty U . S . Air Force , his brother Chuck retired as a Chief Yeoman , U . S . Coast Guard after 22 years , and his brother Mike who entered the Coast Guard in 1966 , retired as a CWO4 F & S , after 42 years of service . Career History . RDML Day enlisted in the U . S . Coast Guard in 1967 . After recruit training , he attended Damage Controlman School at Governors Island , NY . As a Damage Controlman , RDML Day held assignments at TRASUPCEN Alameda , USCGC Tanager , Reserve Unit Duluth , and Reserve Unit Green Bay where he was promoted to Damage Controlman First Class in 1977 . RDML Day received his commission in 1979 at the rank of Ensign . Assignments as an officer have included ; Reserve Green Bay , Commanding Officer of Reserve Unit Hancock , and the Operations Officer of Port Security Unit 303 Milwaukee when he was deployed to the Port of Damman , Saudi Arabia in support of Operations Desert Shield / Desert Storm from September 1990 to April 1991 . Upon release from active duty in 1991 , RDML Day ’ s assignments included ; Commanding Officer Reserve Unit Green Bay , FEMA Liaison Officer Milwaukee , Commanding Officer PSU 303 Milwaukee , USTRANSCOM , and Commanding Officer Port Security Unit 309 where his unit conducted deployments to Pohang , Korea , Dukaylah , Egypt , OPSAIL 2000 , New York City and Manama , Bahrain . Beginning in 2001 , RDML Day was again assigned to USTRANSCOM , followed by the Commanding Officer , Coast Guard Element , Joint Forces Command Norfolk and Commanding Officer , Joint Reserve Unit , Norfolk , VA In March 2003 , RDML Day was again recalled to active duty in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom , assigned to the Pentagon , National Military Command Center and Coast Guard Headquarters , Defense Operations . Upon release from active duty , he was assigned as the Senior Reserve Officer , Deputy Chief of Staff D5 and then to PACAREA as the Reserve Chief of Staff / Senior Reserve Officer . On June 9 , 2008 , RDML Day assumed his current assignment at LANT AREA . Awards , decorations , and recognition . Awards and recognitions . Defense Meritorious Service Medal Meritorious Service Medal with 3 gold award stars Joint Service Achievement Medal References . References :
James Sewall Reed James " J " Sewall Reed is best remembered as an organizer of a few hundred Californians who fought in the eastern battlefields of the American Civil War as part of the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry while most soldiers from California were assigned to Union Army outposts west of the Mississippi River . Early years . James was the eldest of three sons of John Reed and Miranda Barker . He was born in Milton , Massachusetts on 3 April 1832 . At the age of 17 , James and his younger brother George left Boston for the California Gold Rush . The teen - age rs arrived in San Francisco Bay in March , 1850 , and mined gold in Nevada City , California , until 1852 . James became a member of the 1856 San Francisco Committee of Vigilance , and traveled Central America and South America before joining the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858 . He returned to Boston in 1859 where he met and married Hattie L . Wales . James returned to San Francisco with his bride in September , 1859 ; and their son Walter Sewall Reed was born there on 25 January 1861 . Civil War . Reed joined the California State Militia First Light Dragoons of San Francisco in November , 1861 . The Dragoons ' patrols of the Central Overland Route seemed unexciting in comparison to the newspaper accounts of civil war battles in the east . In the fall of 1862 , a group of Californians from the northeastern United States approached Massachusetts governor John Albion Andrew proposing to supply a company of 100 cavalry volunteers . The governor accepted the volunteers with the stipulation the men would pay for their uniforms , equipment , and ship passage east . A Massachusetts enlistment bounty defrayed part of those costs , and citizens of San Francisco donated some equipment . Reed resigned his commission with the 1st Dragoons to become captain of the California hundred . The California hundred sailed from San Francisco aboard the steamship " Golden Age " on 10 December 1862 . After traveling across the isthmus of Panama and arriving in New York aboard the " Ocean Queen " , the California hundred were designated company A of the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry commanded by Colonel Charles Russell Lowell . Reed and his men went into combat in Virginia in April , 1863 . Subsequent California volunteers were designated companies E , F , L , and M of the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry . Men from Massachusetts formed seven more companies . Reed ' s company participated in a series of engagements with the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry commanded by John S . Mosby . Reed was one of five Californians killed at the Second Dranesville battle on 22 February 1864 .