naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
South Africa Medal ( 1877 ) The South Africa Medal ( 1879 SAM ) was instituted in 1879 and was awarded by the British Government to members of the British Army and Royal Naval Brigade involved in a series of South African tribal wars between 1877 to 1879 , but most notably for the Anglo - Zulu War made famous by the films " Zulu " ( 1964 ) and " Zulu Dawn " ( 1979 ) . In 1854 Queen Victoria had given approval for the award of a South Africa Medal to members of the British Army who had served in any one of the three South African campaigns of 1835 – 36 , 1846 – 47 , or 1850 – 53 , on the Eastern Frontier of the Cape Province . Designed by William Wyon and L . C . Wyon , the medal ' s obverse displays a ' Young Head ' portrait of Queen Victoria wearing a coronet . The reverse shows a lion , half - crouching watchfully , behind a protea bush , with the date ' 1853 ' in the exergue . The medal ' s ribbon is golden yellow with dark blue stripes . In 1880 it was decided that this 1853 medal should be awarded to all personnel — Colonial volunteers and native levies as well as British regular forces — who had served in any of the campaigns in South Africa between September 1877 and December 1879 , namely the Gaika – Galeka War , the Northern Border War , the 1st and 2nd Sekukuni Wars , the Moirosi ' s Mountain campaign in Basutoland , and the Anglo - Zulu War . A medal bar or clasp was to be attached to the suspender of the medal bearing the date or dates of the year or years in which the recipient had actually served in any of those campaigns . Any members of the military who had been mobilized in Natal but who had not crossed the Tugela River into Zululand , were to receive the medal without a bar . This included Naval shore parties . Army Order No 103 of August 1880 , which instituted the new South Africa Medal , made no mention of any change in design of the 1853 medal . However , the date ' 1853 ' was replaced in the medal ' s reverse exergue by a military trophy consisting of a Zulu ox - hide shield and four crossed assegai s . Participants in the Anglo - Zulu War received this medal without a bar if they remained on the Natal side of the Tugela River , or with the bar ' 1879 ' if they actually saw service in Zululand . Particularly sought after are medals awarded to members of the 24th Regiment of Foot involved in action at Rorke ' s Drift or Isandlhwana in January 1879 .
X - 200 mine The X - 200 was a U . S . incendiary landmine locally improvised during the Korean War . The X - 200 consisted a salvaged oil can filled with napalm and fitted with a black powder bursting charge . The mine was either command - detonated or set off by trip wire s . The mines were widely deployed with a report from March 1952 stating that over 11 , 000 had been produced and 800 had been issued that month .
Henry Grattan Nolan Henry Grattan Nolan , ( May 5 , 1893 – July 8 , 1957 ) was a Canadian lawyer and jurist . Born in Calgary , Alberta , the son of Patrick James " Paddy " Nolan , a criminal defence lawyer , and Mary Elizabeth Lee , he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Alberta in 1914 and was awarded a Rhodes scholarship for Alberta in 1915 . However , he enlisted in the army during World War I and received a Military Cross in 1918 for his service . He was wounded at Cambrai , in France . After the war , he received a second Bachelor of Arts in 1921 from University College , Oxford . He was called to the English and Alberta bar . He returned to Calgary to practice law . During World War II , he served with the Canadian Army becoming a Vice - Judge Advocate General with the rank of Brigadier . From 1945 to 1948 , he was a prosecutor before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East at Tokyo . He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1946 . On March 1 , 1956 , he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada and served barely a year until his death in 1957 at the age of 64 . In 1928 , he married Doris Margery McCarter . They had two daughters , Moira and Shelagh .
57th Infantry Division Lombardia The 57th Infantry Division Lombardia was a regular infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Lombardia " Division took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia as part of the Italian V Corps . It remained in the Balkans as an occupation force , first in Slovenia and then Croatia . It also took part in the Battle of the Neretva . After the Italian surrender to the Allies in September 1943 it was disbanded by the Germans . Commander . General Giovanni Esposito
Jørgen Martinius Jensen Jørgen Martinius Jensen ( 1878 – 1970 ) was a Norwegian military officer and sports official . He was born in Kristiania . He headed the Norges Landsforbund for Idrett from 1930 to 1932 and the Norwegian Equestrian Federation from 1936 to 1940 . By profession he was a military officer , with the rank of colonel . He headed " Opland dragonregiment " , a dragoon regiment , from 1934 to 1943 , and was as such involved in battles of the Norwegian Campaign , among others at Åsmarka and Tretten . After the war , from 1946 to 1956 , he worked in the Norwegian Armed Forces department of war history .
Roussel de Bailleul Roussel de Bailleul ( also Ursellus de Ballione in Latin or Roscelin or Roskelin de Baieul , called Urselius by Anna Comnena ) ( died 1077 ) , also known as Phrangopoulos ( literally " son - of - a - Frank " ) , was a Norman adventurer ( or exile ) who travelled to Byzantium and there received employ as a soldier and leader of men from the Emperor Romanus IV ( ruled 1068 – 71 ) . Roussel was possibly a Frank , but certainly ventured with the Apulian Normans to Italy , settled in Terra d ' Otranto and served under Roger de Hauteville in Sicily . According to Geoffrey Malaterra , Roussel distinguished himself with his bravery at the Battle of Cerami , where he urged Count Roger to pursue the fleeing Saracens . Aside from this brief account by Malaterra , " The Alexiad " of Anna Comnena is the main source for Roussel . He was present at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 , where he refused to join the fray , which proved to be a disastrous defeat for the Byzantines . Despite this treachery , he was kept in imperial service , where good generals were needed , and was sent into Asia Minor again with a force of 3 , 000 Franco - Norman heavy cavalry . There Roussel conquered some territory in Galatia and declared it an independent state , in 1073 , with himself as prince , following the example set by his fellow Normans in the Mezzogiorno . His capital was Ankara , now the capital of Turkey . He defeated the Caesar John Ducas and sacked Chrysopolis , near Constantinople . He even supported a usurper candidate , but by formally ceding lands that the Seljuk Turks had actually conquered , the emperor Michael VII persuaded the Seljuk warlord Tutush I to remove Roussel . However , the Norman evaded imperial would - be captors and found refuge in Amasea , where the population so loved him that he made himself undisputed governor . He was given up by the people through a ploy of Alexius Comnenus ( 1074 ) , then a general , later an emperor . In 1077 , he was released ( for a ransom ) from his Constantinopolitan imprisonment to lead a battalion against the rebel Nicephorus Botaniates . He defeated him handily , but then played the traitor and joined him . This time , the emperor called up the Seljuks again and they defeated and captured him at Nicomedia . He was given over to Byzantium and executed . It is uncertain what exact relationship he might have had with the House of Balliol . His life and career in Byzantine service was fictionalized in Alfred Duggan ' s novel " The Lady for Ransom " .
John M . Gross John M . Gross served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II . He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Tarawa . His award citation reads : " The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Private First Class John M . Gross ( MCSN : 356609 ) , United States Marine Corps ( Reserve ) , for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty while serving as a Radio Operator for the Assault Regimental Commander of the Second Marines , SECOND Marine Division , during action against enemy Japanese forces at Betio Island , Tarawa Atoll , Gilbert Islands , on 20 and 21 November 1943 . When a scant foothold had been gained on the beach and the Regimental Command Post temporarily established under the Betio Pier in the face of heavy , persistent enemy fire , Private First Class Gross skillfully installed and operated his vital radio equipment as the only means of communication available to the Landing Force Commander and , courageously refusing to take cover from the intense Japanese machine - gun and sniper fire which hit all around him and destroyed one radio antennae , steadfastly remained at his post throughout the critical stages of the Tarawa Operation . Private First Class Gross ' expert technical ability , great personal valor and tenacious devotion to duty under extremely perilous conditions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service . " Gross was born in Algoma , Wisconsin . His home of record was Racine , Wisconsin .
Abdul Matin ( Taliban leader ) Mullah Abdul Matin ( c . 1960 – 18 February 2008 ) was a Taliban leader in Afghanistan who was killed in combat in the Gereshk region of Helmand Province . In 2007 , Mullah Matin became the governor of Musa Qala District , which had come under Taliban control , following the breakdown of a truce between the insurgents and the coalition . From there he launched ambushes and suicide attacks against coalition and Afghan government targets in Northern Helmand . In December 2007 , he narrowly avoided capture during Operation Mar Kardad , the offensive undertaken by coalition and Afghan forces to recapture Musa Qala . On 18 February 2008 , Mullah Matin and one of his sub - commanders , Mullah Karim Agha , were travelling through the desert on motorbikes when they were ambushed and killed by British Special Boat Service commandos inserted by helicopter . He was thought to have been responsible for the deaths of two British soldiers and of dozens of Afghan civilians .
USS Endurance ( AMc - 77 ) USS " Endurance " ( AMc - 77 ) was an " Accentor " - class minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . World War II service . " Endurance " was launched on 19 June 1941 by Gibbs Gas Engine Co . , Jacksonville , Florida . Placed in service on 11 October 1941 , she served in a noncommissioned status throughout the war in the 10th Naval District . Post - war decommissioning . She was placed out of service on 6 December 1945 and transferred to the Maritime Administration on 7 July 1947 for disposal .
USS Amaranthus ( 1864 ) USS " Amaranthus " ( 1864 ) was a screw steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a tugboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . Commissioned at Philadelphia in 1864 . " Amaranthus " a wooden - hulled screw tug built at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1864 by Bishop , Son , and Company — was purchased by the Navy there as " Christiana " on 1 July 1864 . Renamed " Amaranthus " and fitted out at the Philadelphia Navy Yard , she was commissioned on 12 July 1864 , Acting Master Enos O . Adams in command . Assigned to the South Atlantic Blockade . The Secretary of the Navy assigned the tug to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron ; but she was kept in the Delaware River performing towing duties , and did not join her squadron until she reached Port Royal , South Carolina , on 6 August . She was assigned to the inner cordon of the forces blockading Charleston , South Carolina ; but for occasional runs back to Port Royal to carry passengers and dispatches and to receive repairs , she served off that port through the end of the Civil War . Damaged in action against blockade runners . On the night of 9 and 10 September , she sighted a steamer attempting to run out of Charleston and fired repeatedly at the blockade runner which , nevertheless , escaped to sea . Some two - and - one - half months later , she fired upon two incoming steamers which entered the harbor about two hours apart . On both occasions , Confederate shore batteries at Fort Moultrie fired upon the Union blockaders ; a spent 10 - inch shell struck " Amaranthus " ' " starboard " counter , damaging the tug sufficiently to require her to enter a nearby inlet for repairs . The patching was quickly completed , and the steamer was back on station three days later . Final operations with the South Atlantic Blockade . On 1 February 1865 , Acting Ensign William R . Cox , the tug ' s executive officer , assumed command . Following the collapse of the Confederacy early in the spring of 1865 , " Amaranthus " remained off Charleston into the summer . Post - war decommissioning , sale and subsequent career . She departed that port on 10 August and entered the New York Navy Yard on the 18th . Decommissioned there the following day , the tug was sold at public auction on 5 September . She was documented under her original name on 28 December 1865 and served as the merchant tug " Christiana " until 1900 .
SM U - 115 SM " U - 115 " was a German Type U 115 U - boat ( " Projekt 43 " ) of the Imperial German Navy built at Schichau - Werke , Elbing . As her sister ship , she was never completed and ultimately broken up in Danzig after the armistice . Her main engines were used in M / S " Adolf Sommerfeld " ex . Both boats had been offered to the IGN free of charge by Schichau in an attempt to gain experience in building submarines . When construction of the two boats began to lag behind due to shortages in raw materials and lack of experience in submarine construction they were declared " war boats " ( " Kriegsboote " ) , formally ordered by the " Reichsmarineamt " and given their respective designation . On 20 October 1918 Schichau - Werke reported " U 115 " would not be ready for delivery until the spring of 1919 . Nevertheless 14 more boats of the class were ordered on 29 June 1918 for delivery in 1919 .
Molotov bread basket The RRAB - 3 , nicknamed the Molotov bread basket ( ; Russian : " ротативно - рассеивающая авиационная бомба " - " rotationally dispersing aviation bomb " ) , was a Soviet - made droppable bomb dispenser that combined a large high - explosive charge with a cluster of incendiary bombs . It was used against the cities of Finland during the Winter War of 1939 – 1940 . The bomb consisted of a cylinder long and in diameter . Described by journalist John Langdon - Davies in 1940 : As it fell from an aircraft , a small turbine on the nose turned to release a spring loaded casing which , on opening , scattered 100 or more incendiary bombs ; the main HE charge in the tail of the weapon continued to fall as a conventional bomb . Other descriptions make no mention of a main charge and instead describe a large cylinder with vane s at the back that open out when the weapon is dropped . The vanes cause the bomb to spin and this has the effect of opening the sides and scattering the submunitions by centrifugal force . In 1939 the Soviet Foreign Minister , Vyacheslav Molotov , claimed Russia was not dropping bombs on Finland , but merely airlifting food to Finns . The Finns , who were not starving , soon dubbed the RRAB - 3 cluster bomb " Molotov ' s bread basket " , and named the improvised incendiary device that they used to counter Soviet tank s the " Molotov cocktail " , as " a drink to go with the food " . This description seems to have become common currency among the British public in 1940 . During the Bristol Blitz , the locals dubbed a similar German device " Goering ' s bread basket " . The Soviets had several versions : RRAB - 1 , RRAB - 2 , RRAB - 3 , with capacities of 1000 , 500 , and 250 kg respectively . Each capable of holding various types of submunitions including HE , incendiary and chemical .
Joseph E . Tofalo Rear Admiral Joseph E . Tofalo is a United States Naval officer . A career submarine officer , and has had many off shore and on shore assignments . He currently serves as Commander , Submarine Group 10 . Early life and education . Joseph E . Tofalo was born to Margaret Tofalo , a member of the United States Navy WAVES , and United States Navy Captain Francis Tofalo . Tofalo grew up in Upstate New York . As a youth he became an Eagle Scout and was named the American Legion Eagle Scout of the Year in 1977 . Tofalo graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1983 with a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science . Naval career . Tofalo is a career submariner . He has served on , , and . He served as commanding officer of and Submarine Squadron Three . Tofalo ' s shore assignments include being an aide to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy , serving on the Chief of Naval Operations staff and Joint Staff , and being assigned to the United States Joint Forces Command Joint War Fighting Center . He served as senior member of the Tactical Readiness Evaluation team for the Commander , Submarine Force U . S . Atlantic Fleet . After major command , Tofalo served as executive assistant to the commander , Fleet Forces Command , and as executive assistant to the Vice Chief of Naval Operations . Tofalo was selected for Rear Admiral ( Lower Half ) in December 2009 . His first flag assignment was as assistant deputy chief of Staff for Global Force Management and Joint Operations ( N3B ) , U . S . Fleet Forces Command . Tofalo became the 14th Commander , Submarine Group 10 on 5 August 2011 .
Martin K . Davis Martin K . Davis ( 1843 – 1936 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Davis joined the 116th Illinois Infantry in August 1862 , and was mustered out in June 1865 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863 .
Madden Army Airfield Madden Army Airfield is a former United States Army Air Forces World War II air base on Panama as part of the defense of the Panama Canal . The airfield was built to defend Madden Lake and Dam . The 24th Fighter Squadron ( XXVI Fighter Command ) was assigned to the station from 8 March to 15 August 1944 flying P - 39 Aircobra s .
Richard Winn Richard Winn ( 1750 – December 19 , 1818 ) was an American merchant , surveyor , and politician from Winnsboro , South Carolina . During the American Revolutionary War he was an officer in the 3rd South Carolina Regiment . After the regiment was captured at Charleston , he served in a militia partisan unit under Thomas Sumter . After the war he became a general in the South Carolina militia . He represented South Carolina in the U . S . House from 1793 until 1797 and from 1803 to 1813 .
RMAS Faithful ( A228 ) RMAS " Faithful " ( A228 ) is one of four " Adept " - class tugs based at HMNB Devonport , Plymouth previously working for the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service department of the Royal Navy , now operated under contract by Serco Denholm . The other three vessels in the Adept class at Devonport are RMAS " Adept " ( A224 ) , RMAS " Forceful " ( A221 ) and RMAS " Careful " ( A227 ) .
1st Air Corps ( Germany ) I . Fliegerkorps ( 1st Air Corps ) was formed 11 October 1939 in Cologne from the 1 . Flieger - Division . The Corps was also known as Luftwaffenkommando Don between 26 August 1942 until 17 February 1943 . It was transformed to the 18 . Flieger - Division on 4 April 1945 .
Meko 360 The MEKO 360 is a class of five destroyer s built in Germany for the Argentine and Nigerian Navies . The 360 was the first ship of the MEKO family of vessels built by Blohm und Voss . Variants . A single vessel of the MEKO 360H1 variant was produced for the Nigerian Navy . Called the " Aradu " , it is one of the largest vessels of that navy . Four vessels of a second variant , the MEKO 360H2 , were constructed for Argentina . They were locally named the " Almirante Brown " class , and currently serve as the main strength in their Navy . Although considered by its builders to be a frigate , the " Almirante Brown " vessels have been classed in Argentina ( and in " Jane ' s Fighting Ships " ) as destroyers .
William Lyne Wilson William Lyne Wilson ( May 3 , 1843 – October 17 , 1900 ) was a Bourbon Democrat politician and lawyer from West Virginia . Biography . Born in Charles Town , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) , Wilson attended Charles Town Academy , graduated from Columbian College in 1860 and subsequently studied at the University of Virginia . During the Civil War , he enlisted in the Confederate Army and served as a private in the 12th Virginia Cavalry . For several years , he taught school at Columbian College during which he graduated from law school and was admitted to the bar in 1869 , commencing practice in Charles Town . Wilson was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1880 and was chosen as president of West Virginia University , taking office on September 4 , 1882 . He was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives shortly afterwards and won reelection five times afterwards , serving from 1883 to 1895 . He served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means from 1893 to 1895 during which he co - authored the Wilson - Gorman Tariff Act which slightly reduced the United States tariff rates from the numbers set by the McKinley Tariff of 1890 , though the logrolling that raised the rates disgusted him . After leaving Congress , Wilson was appointed Postmaster General in the cabinet of President Grover Cleveland and served from 1895 to 1897 . During that time , future Secretary of War Newton D . Baker served as his private secretary . In 1896 , he broke party lines by opposing the Free Silver Movement led by Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan and , like many Bourbon Democrats , supported the National Democratic candidate John McAuley Palmer who supported the traditional gold standard , limited government and opposed protectionism . After leaving office as Postmaster General , Wilson served as president of Washington and Lee University . He died in Lexington , Virginia , on October 17 , 1900 and was interred in Edgehill Cemetery in Charles Town . A portion of U . S . Route 340 between Harpers Ferry and Charles Town , West Virginia , is designated the William L . Wilson Freeway in his honor .