naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
66th ( Berkshire ) Regiment of Foot 66th ( Berkshire ) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army , formed in 1758 and amalgamated into The Princess Charlotte of Wales ' s ( Berkshire Regiment ) in 1881 . The regiment was raised by the redesignation of the 2nd Battalion , 19th Regiment of Foot in April 1758 , ranked as the 66th Regiment of Foot . In 1782 they took a county title as the 66th ( Berkshire ) Regiment of Foot . Battle of Maiwand . It took part in the Battle of Maiwand in 1880 . The bravery of the English soldiers astounded the Afghans . The British had effectively lost the battle and the Indian regiments fighting alongside the 66th were routing in disorder from the battlefield . Some men of the 66th were caught up in the rout but most of the remaining members of the regiment gathered around Lt Colonel Galbraith and tried to fight a rearguard action to protect the retreating Indian soldiers . 140 of them made a stand at the Mundabad Ravine , which ran along the south side of the battlefield , but were forced back with heavy losses . The Queen ' s Colour and the Regimental Colour became a focus of attention and several officers and NCOs were killed trying to keep the Colours aloft . Eventually 56 survivors made it to the shelter of a walled garden and made a further stand , while a few more ran to follow the retreating Indian soldiers . Eventually the 56 were whittled down to only 11 men ( 2 officers and 9 other ranks ) . These last eleven men charged out of the garden and fought , first with rifle fire and then with bayonets when they ran out of bullets , until they were overcome . An Afghan artillery officer described their end . " " These men charged from the shelter of a garden and died with their faces to the enemy , fighting to the death . So fierce was their charge , and so brave their actions , no Afghan dared to approach to cut them down . So , standing in the open , back to back , firing steadily , every shot counting , surrounded by thousands , these British soldiers died . It was not until the last man was shot down that the Afghans dared to advance on them . The behaviour of those last eleven was the wonder of all who saw it " " Officiers who died in the last stand in the garden included : Captain Walter Roberts , Lieutenant Maurice Edward Rayner , Second Lieutenant Walter Rice Olivey and Second Lieutenant Arthur Honywood . Lieutenant Richard Trevor Chute , who had been ferrying ammunition to the soldiers , was not seen in the garden by any of the survivors and although he may have been killed there , it is also possible that he was one of the last eleven . The only officer who can definitely be identified as one of the eleven is Lieutenant Hinde of the Bombay Grenadiers . William McGonagall wrote of the battle in his poem " The Last Berkshire Eleven : The Heroes of Maiwand " , which includes mention of Bobbie , the Regimental pet dog , who survived the battle : In fiction Dr . John Watson , narrator of the Sherlock Holmes stories , was wounded while attached to the regiment at the Battle of Maiwand . He was on attachment from his own regiment , the 5th Northumberland Fusiliers .
HMS Mermaid ( U30 ) HMS " Mermaid " was a Modified " Black Swan " class sloop of the Royal Navy . " Mermaid " saw service as a convoy escort during the Second World War , taking part in the sinking of two German submarines while escorting Arctic convoys to and from the Soviet Union . " Mermaid " was sold to Federal Republic of Germany in 1959 , where she was renamed Scharnhorst and used as a training ship . Construction . " Mermaid " , built by William Denny and Brothers , Dumbarton , Scotland , was laid down on 8 September 1942 , launched on 11 November 1943 , and completed 12 May 1944 . As with all the modified " Black Swan " s , " Mermaid " ' s main gun armament was six QF 4 inch Mk XVI anti - aircraft guns in three dual turrets . When completed , this was supplemented by a close - in anti - aircraft outfit of ten Oerlikon 20 mm cannon in three dual and two single mounts , although two twin 40 Bofors guns ( in two twin mounts ) replaced four of the 20 mm guns . Anti - submarine armament consisted of 110 depth charge s and a Hedgehog anti - submarine spigot mortar . History . " Mermaid " ' s first operations were as part of the escort for the Arctic convoy JW 59 to Murmansk in August 1944 , with it being credited with a part of sinking the U - boat on 24 August in conjunction with the destroyer HMS " Keppel " , the sloop HMS " Peacock " and the frigate HMS " Loch Dunvegan " . On the return journey from Murmansk , escorting Convoy RA 59A , " Mermaid " again took part in sinking a German submarine , this time on 2 September , in conjunction with a Swordfish aircraft operating from the carrier HMS " Vindex " , the destroyers " Keppel " and " Whitehall " and the sloop " Peacock " . In 1945 " Mermaid " was assigned to the British Pacific Fleet . However arriving at Aden en route she learned of the Japanese surrender , and of her recall for service with the Mediterranean Fleet as part of the 33rd Escort Flotilla . The ship remained in the Mediterranean up to 1954 when she returned to Britain to be placed in reserve status at Portsmouth . In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . In 1957 , West Germany purchased seven escorts , including " Mermaid " for its newly established " Bundesmarine " . After refit , " Mermaid " was handed over to the " Bundesmarine " on 28 May 1959 , and was renamed " Scharnhorst " . " Scharnhorst " was used as a gunnery training vessel by the Germans , and was refitted with a more modern gun armament and sensors from June 1961 to July 1962 , with two automatic French 100 mm naval gun s replacing six manually loaded 4 inch guns , with a short range armament of four Bofors L / 70 40 mm gun s replacing two 40 mm guns . " Scharnhorst " was removed from the active list in 1980 , and was used for damage control training until broken up in 1990 .
Rowan Tink Rowan John Tink AM ( born 1955 ) is a former Special Air Service Regiment officer whose identity was widely publicised after he was awarded the United States Bronze Star for his role commanding 150 SASR operators in Afghanistan , notably during Operation Anaconda . The medal was presented to Lieutenant - Colonel Tink by Major General Frank Hagenbeck at a farewell ceremony at Bagram on 24 July 2002 . After leaving the ADF , Rowan Tink joined Tenix who were subsequently merged with BAE Systems .
ARGUS - IS The ARGUS - IS , or the Autonomous Real - Time Ground Ubiquitous Surveillance Imaging System , is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) project contracted to BAE Systems . According to DARPA : The contract was awarded in late 2007 with a budget of US $ 18 . 5 million and duration of 30 months . The three principal components of the ARGUS - IS are a 1 . 8 Gigapixels video system plus two processing subsystems , one in the air and the other located on the ground . The sensor uses four lenses and 368 cell phone cameras , 5 megapixels each . The first test flight using a UH - 60 Black Hawk was declared a success by BAE in February 2010 . The Boeing A160 Hummingbird was to eventually be used as a platform for the airborne video sensor and processor . A demonstration of the system was made available to the PBS NOVA program and used in a story on UAVs .
Russian submarine K - 239 Carp K - 239 " Carp " ( ) was a Russian Sierra - class submarine . She was launched in 1983 and laid up in 1997 . The submarine is planned to re - enter active duty by 2017 after overhaul . According to the shipyard Zvezdochka the submarine ' s titanium hull is in good shape .
Howard Peter Blatchford Howard Peter " Cowboy " Blatchford DFC ( 25 February 1912 – 3 May 1943 ) a flying ace , who acquired the first Canadian victory in World War II . He was born in Edmonton , Alberta on 25 February 1912 , and enrolled in the Royal Air Force in February 1936 . He was then posted to No . 41 Squadron RAF in early 1937 . In April 1940 he was posted to No . 212 Squadron RAF , flying photo - reconnaissance operations . In June he joined the Photographic Development Unit as a flight commander , later transferring to No . 17 Squadron RAF in September , flying Hurricanes . He soon joined No . 257 Squadron RAF , under the command of Sqn Ldr Robert Stanford Tuck . Blatchford received the Distinguished Flying Cross in December 1940 . Flight Lieutenant Howard Peter BLATCHFORD ( 37715 ) , No . 257 Squadron . In November , 1940 , this officer was the leader of a squadron which destroyed eight and damaged a further five enemy aircraft in one day . In the course of the combat he rammed and damaged a hostile fighter when his ammunition was expended , and then made two determined head - on feint attacks on enemy fighters , which drove them off . He has shown magnificent leadership and outstanding courage . He became Commanding Officer of No . 257 Squadron RAF in July 1941 . Blatchford was then promoted to Wing Commander in September that year , becoming Wing leader of the Digby Wing . He finished his tour of duty in April 1943 , returning to operations in February 1943 and Wing Commander of the Coltishall Wing . Leading the wing to escort bomber attacking a power station in Amsterdam , Blatchford was shot down and killed in action on 3 May 1943 by Obfw . Hans Ehlers of II Gruppe , Jagdgeschwader 1 . His body was never found . He is commemorated on the Air Forces Memorial at Runnymede . Blatchford had by this time claimed 5 aircraft shot down , 3 shared aircraft shot down , 3 ' probables ' , 4 damaged and 1 shared damaged .
German submarine U - 601 German submarine " U - 601 " was a Type VIIC U - boat built for the German Kriegsmarine for service during the Second World War . She was commissioned in December 1941 and sunk in February 1944 , having sunk four ships . Her commanders were Peter - Ottmar Grau and Otto Hansen . Description . " U - 601 " was built by Blohm + Voss , Hamburg as yard number 577 . She was ordered on 22 May 1940 and the keel was laid down on 10 February 1941 . " U - 601 " was launched on 29 October 1941 .
USS Toxaway ( SP - 743 ) USS " Toxaway " ( SP - 743 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Toxaway " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1917 by the Charles L . Seabury Company and the Gas Engine & Power Company at Morris Heights in the Bronx , New York . On 9 June 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , J . H . Nunnally , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Toxaway " ( SP - 743 ) on 12 June 1917 . Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England and based at Newport , Rhode Island , " Toxaway " served on section patrol duties for the rest of World War I . " Toxaway " was returned to Nunnally on 2 December 1918 .
Semovente 47 / 32 The Semovente 47 / 32 was an Italian self - propelled gun built during World War II . It was created by mounting a Cannone da 47 / 32 M35 in an open - topped , box - like superstructure on a Fiat L6 / 40 chassis . Some were built as command tanks with a radio installed instead of the main gun . A 8 mm machine gun disguised as the 47 mm main gun was used on these versions to make them look like regular Semovente 47 / 32s . About 300 Semovente 47 / 32 were built from 1941 and onward . The Semovente 47 / 32 was the most heavily - armed Italian AFV used on the Eastern Front . After the Italian armistice in September 1943 , the German Army took all Semovente 47 / 32s they could get hold of for their own use . Some of these were provided to Germany ' s Croatian puppet state .
SS Benjamin Harrison The SS " Benjamin Harrison " ( Hull Number 25 ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Benjamin Harrison , the twenty - third President of the United States . The ship was laid down on 27 September 1941 , then launched on 24 January 1942 . She was loaded with stores for Allied forces in North Africa and sailed from Hampton Roads on 4 March 1943 with convoy UGS 6 . She was torpedoed by " U - 172 " during the only successful wolf pack attack on the trans - Atlantic UG convoys . Three of her crew perished , and she was scuttled on 16 March 1943 .
John Mynne John Mynne was an English officer of arms . He was the son of Henry Mynne of Gloucestershire , and son - in - law of John Writhe , the Garter King of Arms from 1478 to 1504 . Heraldic career . It has been claimed that Mynne was York Herald under Henry VII , but this is disputed . Noble lists him as York Herald , on the authority of Thomas Wriothesley ' s pedigrees , but neither Anstis nor the Herald ' s visitation of Gloucestershire lists him as York Herald . Mynne ' s Coat of Arms was " Gules , on a chevron engrailed Or between three fleurs de lis Argent , three chessrooks Sable " . Personal life . Mynne was originally from Windrush in Gloucestershire , the son of Henry Mynne . He married Catherine , a daughter of John Writhe , and is mentioned in Writhe ' s will . It is probable that John Mynne was also related to Anne Mynne , the third wife of John Writhe . Mynne had two daughters : Eleanor , who married Nicholas Cutler of Eye , MP ; and Catherine , who married - Calthrope .
Bud Wolfe Roland ' Bud ' Wolfe January 12 , 1918 - January 28 , 1994 , was an American pilot who parachuted from an RAF Spitfire plane into a peat bog on the Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal , Ireland , on November 30 , 1941 . The incident initiated a diplomatic row between Britain and Ireland . The 23 - year old , a member of No . 133 Squadron RAF , originally from Nebraska , was on convoy patrol when his engine overheated , eight miles from his RAF base at Eglinton — now City of Derry Airport . Realizing he would certainly crash , he radioed back to base with a last message : " I ' m going over the side . " He then pushed back the Spitfire ' s canopy , released his safety harnesses and jumped out of the plane . The plane penetrated deep into the peat when it crashed . Seventy years later in 2011 , historian Jonny McNee began searching for the missing Spitfire , following numerous failed attempts by others , and in June 2011 discovered the wreckage near Moneydarragh , Co Donegal . A team of archaeologists , also found the plane ' s six Browning . 303 machine guns and about a thousand rounds of ammunition buried 15 feet deep . Because he joined the British war effort while the US was still neutral , he was stripped of his US citizenship . The RAF pilot was interned at the Curragh army camp in the neutral state of Ireland ( Eire ) . On December 13 , 1941 , he walked out of camp , caught the train from Dublin to Belfast and was back at his RAF base at Eglinton within hours . He was subsequently arrested and held for two more years while the authorities in the UK and Ireland debated how to handle his escape . In 1943 he escaped again and this time was sent to the US Air Force where he served for the rest of the war . He later served as a pilot in Korea and Vietnam , and died in Florida in 1994 . He retired as a lieutenant colonel , with 12 , 000 flying hours logged and approximately 900 combat missions to his credit in all three wars . The dig was filmed by Derry - based TV company 360 Productions for a BBC series on military archaeology , and the Spitfire plane is preserved at the Tower Museum in Derry . The machine guns recovered were found to be in relatively good condition and one was actually fired .
Heroj - class submarine The " Heroj " class was a group of three submarine s built for and operated by the Yugoslav Navy . Design . These boats were designed in Yugoslavia and were the second group of indigenous submarines . They had a number of improvements relative to the preceding s , including an improved hull form optimised for underwater performance and more up to date Soviet radars .
Peter W . Yates Peter Waldron Yates ( August 23 , 1747 – 1826 ) was a lawyer and statesman from Albany , New York . He was a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786 . Yates was the son of John G . and Rebecca Waldron Yates . His father was a blacksmith in Albany , but also owned a farm in Rensselaerswyck ( in what is today the town of Bethlehem ) . Despite his background as one child in a large working - class family , Peter acquired an education , and read for the law . In 1767 he was admitted to the bar and married Ann Margarita Helms of New York City . In 1768 Yates opened a law practice in Albany . His practice was very successful for over thirty years , even though interrupted by the Revolutionary War . In its later years he trained a number of young men in the law . His political career began in 1772 when he was elected to the Albany city council . He would be reelected annually for several years until the last council meeting under the colonial government in March 1776 . American Revolutionary War . The revolution was a difficult time for Yates . He had been elected to the Committee of Correspondence for Albany in 1775 but resigned after only two months . He wrote an essay that expressed doubts over the direction of the revolution . When asked to rejoin the revolutionary committee , he declined and was never again entirely trusted by the rebels . He had close connections with the colonial establishment and ties to the landed interests . He took several steps to counter this . He left the Anglican Church and joined the Dutch Reformed Church in Albany . On June 28 , 1775 he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 2nd New York Regiment . He was a colonel of the Albany County militia from 1779 to 1780 , and saw action around Lake Champlain . He continued to expand his law practice throughout the revolution . After War Years . When the active fighting in the revolution ended , Yates again entered politics . A long - time Freemason , he became an officer in the Albany lodge and was the Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1784 - 1788 . In 1784 he ran for the state assembly . He represented Albany there in 1784 and 1785 . In 1786 they sent him to New York City as a delegate in the Continental Congress . This would be his last major office . During the debate over ratification of the United States Constitution , Yates was an active Anti - Federalist . When removed from politics , his practice and investments thrived , and he became one of the most prosperous men in Albany . In 1794 his wife died , and in 1798 he re - married , this time to Mary Terbush " ( Ter Boss ) " . He would have three more children with Mary , bringing his large family up to eleven children . He built a mansion on the south side of town , and only the Philip Schuyler house was more impressive . In 1808 he was made a state judge for the western district of New York . In 1810 he moved to Montgomery County , New York , living on another property that he owned . He died there in Caughnawaga ( now Fonda , New York ) on March 9 , 1826 .
USS SC - 632 USS " SC - 632 " was a " SC - 497 " class submarine chaser that served in the United States Navy during World War II . She was laid down on 23 February 1942 by the Mathis Yacht Building Co . in Camden , New Jersey and launched on 25 June 1942 . She was commissioned on 2 September 1942 . She foundered on 6 September 1945 off the coast of Okinawa .
DARPA Vulture The Vulture UAV is a future Boeing design for a long endurance , high - altitude unmanned aerial vehicle . Designed for DARPA ( Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ) , the Vulture will be able to stay in the air for 5 years , turning in lazy circles , above any area that needs constant observation . Its day and night cameras ( each with a 600 - mile swath ) will send information back to ground bases . The drone will also be made of semi - flexible materials that will bend with the air instead of moving with it . At day , the Vulture will be powered by sunlight through solar panels and by batteries at night . The initial 89 million contract award was made to Boeing on September 14 , 2010 . On April 18 , 2012 , DARPA descoped the flight vehicle construction and flight test portion of the project , designating the remaining $ 13 . 7M for technology risk reduction on photovoltaic s and solid fuel cells .
Max Sachsenheimer Max Sachsenheimer ( 5 December 1909 – 2 June 1973 ) was a German Generalmajor , serving during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Operation Hydra ( Yugoslavia ) Operation Hydra was a failed British attempt during World War II at the Yugoslav Front to develop contact with Yugoslav partisan s in the Podgorica area , led by Josip Broz Tito . In February , 1942 , two British Special Operations Executive agents and an officer of the former Yugoslavian royal air force were put ashore at Perazića Do , just north of Petrovac ( now in Montenegro ) . On February 4 , the three agents went ashore from the British submarine HMS " Thorn " . They were Major Terence Atherton ( a former journalist and agent in Belgrade ) , Lieutenant Radoje Nedeljković of the Yugoslav Royal Air Force and Sergeant Patrick O ' Donovan , wireless operator . The operation failed completely . The presence of the Yugoslav officer implied links to the royalist Chetniks and it is suggested that this caused Tito to suspect the British of being spies . Nothing beneficial arose , therefore , and the British agents left Tito . They vanished soon thereafter , as did the large amount of gold and Italian money that they carried .
Richard Fitzgerald Richard Fitzgerald VC ( December 1831 , St . Finbar ' s , Cork , Ireland – 1884 in India ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was approximately 25 years old , and a Gunner in the Bengal Horse Artillery , Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 28 September 1857 at Bolandshahr , India for which he and Sergeant Bernard Diamond was awarded the Victoria Cross : Fitzgerald died in India in 1884 . Fitzgerald ' s VC is currently held , as is his Indian Mutiny medal , by Bristol Museum . References . Listed in order of publication year city