naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Angriff ! Angriff ! is a miniatures wargame , perhaps the first ever published using scale model micro armour . First published in 1968 and later revised and expanded in 1972 and 1982 by R . Zimmerman & D . Myers , the game was described on its cover as a " Practical guide to World War II Wargaming rules for the HO and scale enthusiast . " From inside the rule book : " After a decade of continuous use world wide and over 20 years of continuous research and development , " ANGRIFF " still remains the most widely used set of World War II wargame rules for HO and MICRO scale miniatures . " Text is from the revised and expanded edition published in 1982 .
Tripwire A tripwire is a passive trigger ing mechanism . Typically , a wire or cord is attached to some device for detecting or reacting to physical movement . A " tripwire " may be a wire attached to one or more mines — normally bounding mine s and the fragmentation type — in order to increase their activation area . . Alternatively , tripwires are frequently used in boobytrap s , whereby a tug on the wire ( or release of tension on it ) will detonate the explosives . Soldiers sometimes detect the presence of tripwires by spraying the area with Silly String . It will settle to the ground in areas where there are no wires ; if there are any , the string will be suspended in the air but not set them off due to its light weight . It is being used by U . S . troops in Iraq for this purpose . [ 2012 , 2013 ] New technologies have been recently deployed to detect tripwires . Green laser line generators are now used to illuminate & detect trip & command wires . The bright laser line creates a fluorescence that can be seen by the bomb tech . Z - Bolt C - TRIP - 10G Green Dot & Line Laser Now in use by Navy EOD [ in the Afghan theater ] , FBI , DEA , Municipal & State Police Bomb Squads and Hazardous Device Teams .
Royal Australian Navy minesweeping after World War II Following World War II the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) was required to clear naval mine s from the waters around Australia and New Guinea . Minesweeping in these areas began in December 1945 and was completed in August 1948 . One ship , the " Bathurst " class corvette HMAS " Warrnambool " , was sunk during these operations . History . During World War II both the Allies and Japanese laid mines in Australian and New Guinean waters . The RAN ' s minelayer , HMAS " Bungaree " , laid almost 10 , 000 mines in Australian waters alone , and further mines were laid around Australian ports . Following the war Australia was legally responsible for clearing mines from its territorial waters as part of an international minesweeping effort coordinated by the Mine Clearance Board in London . The RAN ' s 20th Minesweeping Flotilla was assigned the task of sweeping Australian waters for mines . The flotilla was based at Cairns , Queensland and was commanded from the sloop HMAS " Swan " . Clearance operations began in December 1945 , and were generally conducted by " Bathurst " class corvettes . Ships involved included HMAS " Swan " , " Ararat " , " Cowra " , " Deloraine " , " Echuca " , " Katoomba " , " Lithgow " , " Mildura " and " Warrnambool " as well as harbour defence motor launches " 1323 " , " 1328 " , " 1329 " and general purpose vessels " 960 " and " 963 " . Over 1 , 200 sailors were involved in the operation . Minesweeping was arduous and dangerous and the sailors involved were granted danger money of 6 d per day . On 13 September 1947 " Warrnambool " struck a mine off North Queensland which had been laid by " Bungaree " in November 1943 and sank shortly afterwards with four sailors killed and another 25 wounded . " Warrnambool " is the only RAN warship to have ever been sunk by a mine . The 20th Minesweeping Flotilla completed its task in August 1948 . By this time 1 , 816 mines had been swept . Eleven officers and sailors were recommended for honours and awards for their role in the operation , with all recommendations being fully endorsed by Vice Admiral John Collins , the First Naval Member , Australian Commonwealth Naval Board . Some of the awards were delayed and others never granted , however , due to disagreements between the RAN and the Government over whether post - war minesweeping constituted ' operational ' service .
Carlos de Amésquita Carlos de Amésquita ( also Carlos de Amézqueta or Carlos de Amézola ) was a Spanish naval officer of the 16th century . He is remembered for an action taken while on a naval patrol , known as the Battle of Cornwall , during the Anglo - Spanish War 1585 – 1604 . Amésquita commanded three companies and four galleys ( named " Capitana " , " Patrona " , " Peregrina " and " Bazana " ) . They disembarked at Penmarch on July 26 , and in the Mount ' s Bay ( Cornwall ) on August 2 . After burning the town of Mousehole , Amésquita and his men embarked on their galleys and sailed for two miles , after which they disembarked again , conquered and burned the fort of Penzance down , Newlyn , and Penzance . They celebrated a mass in which they promised to build a church after England had been defeated .
SS Cap Tafelneh Cap Tafelneh was a 2 , 266 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1920 by Burntisland Shipbuilding Company Ltd , Fife , Scotland . She was built for Joseph Lasry as Sydney Lasry . In 1931 , she was sold to Compagnie Générale Transatlantique and renamed Ariège . In 1938 she was sold to Société Anonyme de Gerance D ' Armement and renamed " Cap Tafelneh " . She was bombed and sunk at Dunkirk in 1940 . Salvaged by Germany , she was renamed Carl Arp . She was seized as a war prize at Hamburg in May 1945 and passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and renamed Empire Chelmer . She was returned to Société Anonyme de Gerance D ' Armement in 1946 and regained her former name " Cap Tafelneh " . In 1950 , she was sold to Mustafa Nuri Andak , Turkey and renamed Kandilli . In 1957 , she was sold to Nejat Doğan & Co and renamed Kahraman Doğan . She served until 1975 , when she was sold for scrapping . Description . The ship was built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Co Ltd , Burntisland , As built , the ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 2 , 266 and a NRT of 1 , 410 . Her DWT was 3 , 870 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of 22 inches ( 57 cm ) , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Cooper & Greig Ltd , Dundee . It could propel the ship at . History . " Sydney Lasry " built for the Compagnie Lasry , Oran , French Algeria . She was registered on 23 May 1920 . She was completed in September 1920 . Her port of registry was Oran , under the French flag and the Code Letters OUAG were allocated . " Sydney Lasry " was renamed " Ariège " in 1933 . She was sold to the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique in December 1934 . Her code letters were changed to FNUA in 1934 . On 5 December 1934 , " Ariège " was the first ship to enter port at Safi , Morocco . In March 1938 , " Ariège " was sold to Société Anonyme de Gérance et d ' Armement and renamed " Cap Tafelneh " . Her port of registry was changed to Dunkirk . In 1938 , " Cap Tafelneh ' s " GRT was recorded as 2 , 299 and her NRT as 1 , 399 . " Cap Tafelneh " was to have been a member of Convoy FS 5 , but the convoy was cancelled on 15 May 1940 . On 27 May 1940 , " Cap Tafelneh " was sunk in a Luftwaffe air raid on Dunkirk . She was refloated on 13 May 1941 . Salvaged by Germany , after repairs she was placed under the management of Heinrich F C Arp , Hamburg . She was renamed " Carl Arp " . In May 1945 , " Carl Arp " was seized as a war prize at Hamburg . Ownership was passed to the MoWT and she was renamed " Empire Chelmer " . In 1946 , she was returned to Société Anonyme de Gerance et d ' Armement and regained her former name " Cap Tafelneh " . In 1950 , she was sold to Mustafa Andi Nurak , Istanbul , Turkey and renamed " Kandilli " . In 1957 , she was sold to Nejat Doğan & Co , Istanbul and renamed " Kahraman Doğan " . She served until 1972 . " Kahraman Doğan " was sold for scrap , arriving at Haliç on 24 April for demolition .
Paavo Susitaival Lieutenant Colonel Paavo Susitaival ( February 9 , 1896 , Helsinki – December 27 , 1993 ) , born Paavo Sivén , was a Finnish author , soldier and politician . Paavo Sivén and his brother , Bobi Sivén were prominent figures in the Finnish interwar Nationalist movement . Paavo had acquired his reputation smuggling volunteers to Germany to enlist in the 27 . Imperial Jaeger Battalion ; Bobi gained his by being the last alderman of Porajärvi municipality before the ratification of the Treaty of Tartu who shot himself rather than acknowledge the cessation of Porajärvi and Repola to the Soviet Union . Early life . Paavo Sivén adopted the name Susitaival ( Wolfspath in English ) during the First World War to throw off the Czar ' s secret service . Later , during the Finnish Civil War he attempted to enlist in the Finnish Army , only to realize that he – or rather , one of his pseudonyms – had already been appointed Captain in the Army , while he under his real name was listed as a draft - dodger . After the war , continued as a career soldier . He changed his name permanently to Susitaival in protest against the Svecoman sentiment in the Finnish Army , after attending an Army Cadet School church services where the Swedish - speaking cadets would not take communion with Finnish - speaking cadets . Finnish parliament . Susitaival participated in the Rebellion of Mäntsälä in a minor role . Representing the Finnish far - right party IKL , Susitaival was elected as a member of the Finnish parliament in 1939 . His career in the parliament was short lived , as at the beginning of the Winter War he chose to apply for active duty , one of only three Finnish MPs to do so . Winter War . During the Winter War Susitaival served as a Lieutenant Colonel , commanding Osasto Susi in the Battle of Suomussalmi . He also held various command positions in the Continuation War . Despite his leadership skills and charisma , his abrasive , demanding character and a personal feud with Marshal Mannerheim , among other prominent officers , was the cause of him never advancing beyond that rank . Later life and death . After the war , Paavo Susitaival retired from the Army and lived as an author in Lappeenranta , where a street is named after him . In later life , his physical condition worsened but he never lost his mental acumen . In spite of being a heavy smoker ( reputedly consuming at least one bag of pipe tobacco per day after the age of 14 ) and an avid coffee - drinker , he died at the age of 96 . In his will , he requested that he should be buried with his officer ' s sword , in order that future archaeologists would know that his grave was that of a soldier .
New Jersey Vietnam Veterans Memorial The New Jersey Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Holmdel Township , New Jersey , honors those from that state who served in the Vietnam War , especially the 1 , 561 men and one woman who were killed or missing in action . The design for the memorial was created by Hien Nguyen in 1988 , and construction was officially completed on May 7 , 1995 , when it was dedicated . The Memorial is located on the grounds of the Garden State Arts Center ( now known as the PNC Bank Arts Center ) . It is open 24 hours a day , all days of the year , free of charge . Guided tours by volunteer New Jersey veterans are available for groups . The memorial is an open - air circular pavilion , 200 feet in diameter . Around the entire outside are 366 black granite panels , each one representing a day the year . The casualties are listed according to what day they were killed . In the middle of the circular pavilion is a red oak , the state tree of New Jersey . This tree provides shade for three statues , one of a dying soldier , one of a nurse tending to his wounds , and one soldier standing at their sides . They represent those who died , the women in the war , and those who came back safely , respectively . The stone panels are arranged so they are about 12 feet higher than the inner courtyard . The ten stairways and two ramps leading up to them intersect , as the designer did not want the pathways for the handicapped separate . These ramps are arranged in a double helix , each one ascending to the top in half of the circle . The two entrances to the memorial are tunnels , symbolizing the trip the soldiers took to Vietnam . Also , the designer made the memorial oriented so that the May Seventh panel , the day the war ended , points towards Vietnam . The Vietnam Era Educational Center is adjacent to the memorial , and is the first of its kind in the country . According to one of the officials here , the state asked the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington , D . C . what she would do over again given the chance to redesign the memorial . She said that , without an educational center explaining the war and turmoil in the country at that time , a memorial could be meaningless to passerby . This is the rationale for the existence of the facility . In 2010 , the Vietnam Era Educational Center was changed to the Vietnam Era Museum & Educational Center . No one is buried on the memorial site , except for the original owners of the land . The property was given to the state to build on , and the owners only asked that they continue to be able to be buried here .
Balram class tugboat The Balram class of tugboats is a series of service watercraft built by Goa Shipyard Limited for the Indian navy . Each tug in the class has a rated capacity of 20 tonnes bollard pull . They are powered by twin Kirloskar SEMT - Pielistick ( 8PA4 V200 ) of total . They are also fitted with three monitors for fire fighting . INS Bajrang and INS Balram are stationed at Mumbai .
Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev Kiev was a heavy aircraft carrying cruiser that served the Soviet and Russian navies from 1975 to 1993 . It was built between 1970 and 1975 at Chernomorski factory in Mykolaiv and was the first ship of its class ( Project 1143 Krechyet ( Gyrfalcon ) or Kiev class ) Service life . The " Kiev " was laid down on 21 July 1970 and launched on 26 December 1972 . She was completed and commissioned on 28 December 1975 , but officially entered service only in February 1977 , after completing all trials . In 1976 she was moved from the Black Sea to her destination Severomorsk , as a part of the Northern Fleet . On 16 July 1976 she left Sevastopol - 20 . 7 . 76 began testing the Yakovlev Yak - 36 M ( four Yak - 36M and one Yak - 36MU onboard ) under sea conditions in the Mediterranean ( off Crete ) . On 10 . 8 . 76 arrived in Severomorsk , Murmansk Oblast - attached to the 170th Anti - Submarine Warfare Brigade ; 8 . 76 to 12 . 76 extensive tests in the Northern Fleet area ; 12 . 4 to 19 . 4 . 77 took part in the Sever - 77 exercise ; 26 . 6 . 77 reclassified from PKR to TAVKR ; 20 . 12 . 77 to 21 . 4 . 78 operations in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean - 3 . 11 . 78 hit a sand bar , but suffered no damage ; 4 . 8 . 78 took part in a local exercise ; 11 . 10 . 78 final tests of the main missiles in the White Sea . From 1977 to 1987 , " Kiev " undertook 10 practice voyages to the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea . In March 1979 she undertook manoeuvres with her sistership " Minsk " on the Mediterranean . In October 1981 she was a flagship in the massive fleet exercise Zapad - 81 on the Baltic Sea . From December 1982 to November 1984 she underwent an overhaul and modernization in Mykolaiv . From 1985 , the practice of operating Yakovlev Yak - 38 s in STOL mode instead of VTOL was introduced , allowing an increase in aircraft payload and range , and a replacement of Kamov Ka - 25 helicopters with Kamov Ka - 27 started . In 1985 " Kiev " went back to the Northern Fleet . From 1987 she mainly stayed in Severomorsk . In December 1989 she was moved to reserve . After the disintegration of the USSR , the ship was taken by Russia . Due to a low military budget and worsening ship ' s condition , she was retired on 30 June 1993 . Post - service life . In 1996 she was sold to a Chinese company , and has been part of Binhai Aircraft Park , a military theme park in Tianjin since 1 May 2004 . The concept design and master plan for the park was developed by tourism and attraction consultant Leisure Quest International ( USA ) . In August 2011 , the ex - " Kiev " began taking guests as its new role as a luxury hotel after a refit costing £9 . 6 million .
Battle of Halys The Battle of Halys , also known as the Battle of the Eclipse , took place at the river Halys ( now Kızılırmak , in Turkey ) on May 28 , 585 BC between the Medes and the Lydians . The final battle of a five - year war between Alyattes II of Lydia and Cyaxares of the Medes , the battle ended abruptly due to a total solar eclipse ; the eclipse was perceived as an omen , indicating that the gods wanted the fighting to stop . Since the exact dates of eclipses can be calculated , the Battle of the Eclipse is the earliest historical event of which the date is known with such precision . ( This date is based on the proleptic Julian calendar , which does not include a " year zero " ; astronomically the year is - 584 . ) See also Mursili ' s eclipse and the eclipse of Bur Sagale . Causes . Herodotus ( " Histories " , 1 . 73 - 74 ) states that there were two reasons for the war ; the two sides clashing interests in Anatolia , but also there was a motive of revenge . Some Scythian hunters employed by the Medes who once returned empty - handed were insulted by Cyaxares . In revenge the hunters slaughtered one of his sons and served him to the Medes . The hunters then fled to Sardis , the capital of the Lydians . When Cyaxares asked for the Scythians to be returned to him , Alyattes refused to hand them over ; in response , the Medes invaded . Aftermath . A truce was hastily arranged . As part of the terms of the agreement , Alyattes ' s daughter Aryenis was married to Cyaxares ' s son Astyages , and the river Halys was declared to be the border of the two warring nations . The eclipse . According to Herodotus ( 1 . 74 ) : According to NASA , the eclipse peaked over the Atlantic Ocean at and the umbra l path reached south - western Anatolia in the evening hours , and the Halys River is just within the error margin for delta - T provided . An alternative theory regarding the date of the battle suggests that Herodotos was recounting carelessly events that he did not witness personally and furthermore the solar eclipse story is a misinterpretation of his text . According to this view , what happened could have been a " lunar " eclipse right before moonrise , at dusk . If the warriors had planned their battle activities expecting a full moon as in the previous few days , it would have been quite a shock to have dusk fall suddenly as an occluded moon rose . If this theory is correct , the battle ' s date would be not 585 BC ( date given by Pliny based on date of solar eclipse ) , but possibly 3 Sept 609 BC or 4 July 587 BC , dates when such dusk - time lunar eclipses did occur .
Tupolev Tu - 141 The Tupolev Tu - 141 Strizh ( Swift , ) was a Soviet reconnaissance drone in service with the Soviet Red Army and with a number of its Warsaw Pact and Middle East allies during the late 1970s and 1980s . History . Development . The Tu - 141 was a follow - on to the Tupolev Tu - 123 and was a relatively large , medium - range reconnaissance drone . It was designed to undertake reconnaissance mission at a depth of several hundred kilometers from the front lines at transonic speeds . It could carry a range of payloads , including film cameras , infrared imagers , EO imagers , and imaging radar . As with previous Tupolev designs , it had a dart - like rear - mounted delta wing , forward - mounted canards , and a KR - 17A turbojet engine mounted above the tail . It was launched from a trailer using a solid - propellant booster , and it landed with the aid of a tail - mounted parachute . The Tu - 141 was in Soviet service from 1979 – 1989 , mostly on the western borders of the Soviet Union . References . This article contains material that originally came from the web article " Unmanned Aerial Vehicles " by Greg Goebel , which exists in the Public Domain .
Edmund W . Hubard Edmund Wilcox Hubard ( February 20 , 1806 – December 9 , 1878 ) was a nineteenth - century politician , appraiser and justice of the peace from Virginia . Biography . Born near Farmville , Virginia , Hubard attended private schools as a child and went on to attend the University of Virginia . He engaged in agricultural pursuits and was a justice of the peace before being elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1840 , serving from 1841 to 1847 . Hubard was not a candidate for reelection in 1846 and instead resumed engagements in agricultural pursuits . During the Civil War , he served as colonel of a militia regiment in 1864 and was an appraiser of the Confederate States Government to regulate the value of the Confederate dollar . Hubard died at his home near Farmville , Virginia on December 9 , 1878 and was interned in the family cemetery near the home . Electoral History . 1841 . Hubard was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives with 50 . 42 % of the vote , defeating Whig John T . Hill . 1843 . Hubard was re - elected with 51 . 51 % of the vote , defeating Whig Richard H . Toler . 1845 . Hubard won re - election with 49 . 93 % of the vote , defeating Whig John J . Hill .
Ottoman fleet organisation during the Italo - Turkish War This list includes fleet organisations of the Ottoman Navy during the Italo - Ottoman War . Fleet organisation on October 29 , 1911 . On October 29 , 1911 , the Ottoman Navy was structured as follows : Fleet ( Commander : Kalyon Kaptanı Tahir ) Flotilla ( Korvet Kaptanı Hakkı ) Smyrna Detachment ( Yüzbaşı Hikmet ) Salonika Detachment ( Korvet Kaptanı Bekir Reşid ) Tripolitania Detachment ( Korvet Kaptanı Ahmer ) Lake Skadar Detachment ( Yüzbaşı Yahya ) Preveza Detachment ( Korvet Kaptanı Tevfik ) Red Sea Detachment ( Korvet Kaptanı Hamid ) Beirut Detachment ( no naval commander )
Potez 62 Potez 62 was a French twin - engine civil airliner , designed by Henry Potez in 1934 . History . The prototype of the Potez 62 made its maiden flight on January 28 , 1935 . The aircraft had been developed from bomber Potez 54 , and was constructed as a high - wing monoplane . The wooden fuselage had a composite coating , whereas the wings were covered with fabric and the leading edge was made out of metal . The aircraft was propelled by two Gnôme & Rhône radial engines whose 14 cylinders produced some 870 hp . The engines were mounted in two side cradles , fixed to the fuselage and to the wings . The cabin was divided into two compartments and could accommodate 14 to 16 people . A version equipped with Hispano - Suiza V - engines was ordered by Air France in 1936 . These were used on routes inside South America . By late 1936 , many Potez 62s were employed on routes to Europe and the Far East , as the aircraft was robust and reliable , albeit slow . It remained in service until the Second World War , and one was used by the Free French Air Force .
Surveyor of the Navy The Surveyor of the Navy was a civilian officer in the Royal Navy . He was a member of the Navy Board from the inauguration of that body in 1546 , and held overall responsibility for the design of British warships , although until 1745 the actual design work for warships built at each Royal Dockyard was primarily the responsibility of the individual Master Shipwright at that Royal Dockyard . For vessels built by commercial contract ( limied to wartime periods , when the Royal Dockyards could not cope with the volume of work ) , the Surveyor ' s office drew the designs to which the private shipbuilders were required to build the vessels . From 1745 design responsibility was centred in the Surveyor ' s office , with the Master Shipwrights in the Dockyard responsible for implementation . In 1859 the post of Surveyor of the Navy was changed to " Controller of the Navy " . List of Surveyors 1546 - 1859 . In date order ( note that the post of Surveyor was frequently shared , which enabled the Admiralty to have competitive designs prepared for evaluation ) :