naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Friedrich von Bernhardi Friedrich Adolf Julius von Bernhardi ( November 22 , 1849 – December 11 , 1930 ) was a Prussian general and military historian . He was one of the best - selling authors prior to World War I . A militarist , he is perhaps best known for his bellicose book " Deutschland und der Nächste Krieg " ( " Germany and the Next War " ) , printed in 1911 . He advocated a policy of ruthless aggression and complete disregard of treaties and regarded war as a " divine business " . Biography . Bernhardi was born in St . Petersburg , Russian Empire . His family immigrated to Schöpstal , Silesia in 1851 . During the Franco - Prussian War ( 1870 – 71 ) , Bernhardi was a cavalry lieutenant in the 14th Hussars of the Prussian Army , and at the end of that conflict had the honor of being the first German to ride through the Arc de Triomphe when the Germans entered Paris . From 1891 to 1894 , he was German military attaché at Bern and was subsequently head of the military history department of the Grand General Staff in Berlin . He was appointed general in command of the VII Army Corps at Münster in Westphalia in 1907 , but retired two years later and busied himself as a military writer . Widespread attention was excited by the memoirs of his father , the diplomatist and historian Theodor von Bernhardi , which he published , and still more by his book " Germany and the Next War " . In " Germany and the Next War " , Bernhardi stated that war " is a biological necessity , " and that it was in accordance with " the natural law , upon which all the laws of Nature rest , the law of the struggle for existence . " Bernhardi served during World War I as a general . He fought with success first in the Eastern Front on the Stochod , where he stormed the bridgehead of Tsarecze , and afterwards on the Western Front , in particular at Armentières . He was awarded the Pour le Mérite on 20 August 1916 , for his participation in the German defense against the Brusilov Offensive .
Norman MacGregor Flight Lieutenant Norman Miers MacGregor ( born 29 May 1896 , date of death unknown ) was a British World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . MacGregor was credited in shooting down German ace Kurt Wolff on September 15 , 1917 . He flew in the Royal Naval Air Service ' s 6 Naval Air Squad for his first four victories and the 10 Naval Air Squad for his last three . Aircraft . MacGregor flew a Sopwith Camel through his career as a pilot . In his plane he shot down seven enemy planes and was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross on December 12 , 1917 . Distinguished Service Cross . MacGregor was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross for his skill and courage in aerial combat . On December 12 , 1917 his squadron came across six Albatross scouts at 14 , 000 feet and they engaged . He engaged an Albatross which was attacking a fellow RNAS pilot and caused the enemy to crash . Victories . MacGregor has been credited with seven victories which are : June 28 , 1917 against a DFW C August 17 , 1917 against an Aviatik C August 20 , 1917 against an Albatross D . V August 22 , 1917 against an Albatross D . III September 15 , 1917 against a Fokker DR . I December 10 , 1917 against an Albatross D . V August 12 , 1917 against an Albatross D . V . His victory on September 15 , 1917 occurred against Kurt Wolff , a German ace , who was flying the first Fokker DR . I in combat .
Peter M . Guenette Peter Matthew Guenette ( January 4 , 1948 – May 18 , 1968 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Guenette joined the Army from Troy , New York in 1967 , and by May 18 , 1968 was serving as a specialist four in Company D , 2d Battalion ( Airborne ) , 506th Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne Division ( Airmobile ) . During a firefight on that day , in Quan Tan Uyen Province , Republic of Vietnam , Guenette smothered the blast of a hand grenade with his body , sacrificing his life to protect those around him . Guenette , aged 20 at his death , was buried at Saint Johns Cemetery in his birth city of Troy , New York . Medal of Honor citation . Specialist Guenette ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Sp4c . Guenette distinguished himself while serving as a machine gunner with Company D , during combat operations . While Sp4c . Guenette ' s platoon was sweeping a suspected enemy base camp , it came under light harassing fire from a well equipped and firmly entrenched squad of North Vietnamese Army regulars which was serving as a delaying force at the entrance to their base camp . As the platoon moved within 10 meters of the fortified positions , the enemy fire became intense . Sp4c . Guenette and his assistant gunner immediately began to provide a base of suppressive fire , ceasing momentarily to allow the assistant gunner time to throw a grenade into a bunker . Seconds later , an enemy grenade was thrown to Sp4c . Guenette ' s right flank . Realizing that the grenade would kill or wound at least 4 men and destroy the machine gun , he shouted a warning and smothered the grenade with his body , absorbing its blast . Through his actions , he prevented loss of life or injury to at least 3 men and enabled his comrades to maintain their fire superiority . By his gallantry at the cost of his life in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service , Sp4c . Guenette has reflected great credit on himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
SS Jean Marie ( 1922 ) Jean Marie was a 964 GRT coaster that was built in 1922 by F Schichau GmbH , Elbing , Germany as Tertia for German owners . A sale in 1925 saw her renamed Hornland . In 1926 , a further sale saw her renamed Taube . She was seized by the Allies in May 1945 , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and was renamed Empire Contour . In 1946 , she was transferred to Belgium and renamed " Jean Marie " . She was sold into merchant service , serving until 1951 when she sank after her cargo shifted . Description . The ship was built in 1922 by F Schichau GmbH , Elbing . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . The ship was of 964 GRT , 736 NRT , 1 , 500 DWT . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Schichau . History . " Tertia " was built for the Flensburger Dampfschiffahrt Gesellschaft von 1869 , Flensburg . In 1925 , she was sold to the Dampfschiffs Rhederei Horn AG , Lübeck , and was renamed " Hornland " . In 1925 , the company was taken over by Norddeutscher Lloyd , Bremen . " Hornland " was renamed " Taube " in 1926 . The Code Letters LNRV were allocated . In 1934 , " Taube " was sold to Argo Line , Bremen . The Code Letters DOCE wer allocated . In May 1945 , " Taube " was seized by the Allies at Flensburg . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Contour " . Her port of registry was changed to London . The Code Letters GJBV and United Kingdom Official Number 180611 were allocated . She was placed under the management of William Coombs & Sons Ltd . On 5 May 1947 , " Empire Contour " was transferred to the Belgian Government and was renamed " Jean Marie " . She was placed under the management of Vloeberghs Reederij , Antwerp . On 10 May , she made her maiden voyage under the Belgian Flag , departing Antwerp for Copenhagen , Denmark . In December 1950 , " Jean Marie " was sold to Vloeberghs Reederij . On 12 December 1951 , her cargo of timber shifted while she was on a voyage from Kotka , Finland to Ostend , Belgium . She sank south of Stockholm , Sweden at . Her crew of 20 were rescued by the Soviet cargo ship " Imandra " , which was on a voyage from Leningrad to Amsterdam , Netherlands . They were landed at Kiel , West Germany . The Swedish minesweeper also responded , but arrived after " Jean Marie " had sank .
AN / FLR - 9 The AN / FLR - 9 is a type of very large circular " Wullenweber " antenna array , built at many locations during the cold war for HF / DF direction finding of high priority targets . The worldwide network , known collectively as " Iron Horse " , could locate HF communications almost anywhere on the planet . Due to their large size and shape , these units were often nicknamed " Elephant Cages " or " Turkey Farms " . Description . The " AN / FLR - 9 Operation and Service Manual " describes the array as follows : " The antenna array is composed of three concentric rings of antenna elements . Each ring of elements receives rf signals for an assigned portion of the 1 . 5 to 30 - MHz radio spectrum . The outer ring normally covers the 2 to 6 - MHz range ( band A ) , but also provides reduced coverage down to 1 . 5 MHz . The center ring covers the 6 to 18 - MHz range ( band B ) and the inner ring covers the 18 to 30 - MHz range ( band C ) . Band A contains 48 sleeve monopole elements spaced 78 . 4 feet apart ( 7 . 5 degrees ) . Band B contains 96 sleeve monopole elements spaced 37 . 5 feet ( 11 . 43 m ) apart ( 3 . 75 degrees ) . Band C contains 48 antenna elements mounted on wooden structures placed in a circle around the central building . Bands A and B elements are vertically polarized . Band C elements consist of two horizontally polarized dipole antenna subelements electrically tied together , and positioned one above the other . " The array is centered on a ground screen 1 , 443 feet ( 439 . 8 m ) in diameter . The arrangement permits accurate direction finding of signals from up to 4000 nautical miles ( 7 408 km ) away . FLR - 9s were constructed at the following places : Advances in technology have made the FLR - 9 almost obsolete . As of 2009 , two FLR - 9 arrays remained active in Misawa AB , Japan and Joint Base Elmendorf - Richardson , Alaska . In 1997 , the FLR - 9 at the former Clark AB in the Philippines was converted into a 35 , 000 - seat fabric - covered amphitheatre . In early May 2002 , systematic dismantling of the FLR - 9 at San Vito began , and it was totally deconstructed by the end of that month . Although the markings of where the array stood remain in the ground , the structure is completely gone . The antenna at Misawa was scheduled for shut down and demolition by the end of 2012 .
Robert MacArthur Crawford Robert MacArthur Crawford ( 1899 - 1961 ) is known for writing " The U . S . Air Force " song . He was born in Dawson City , Yukon , and spent his childhood in Fairbanks , Alaska . During World War I he attempted to become a pilot in the United States Army Air Service but was dismissed when he was discovered to be underage . He attended the Case Scientific Institute , where he joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . Crawford then enrolled in Princeton University , and graduated in 1925 . He later studied and taught at the Juilliard School of Music . Crawford learned how to fly an airplane in 1923 . He flew himself around the United States in a small plane to concerts , where he was introduced as " The Flying Baritone . " " Liberty " magazine sponsored a contest in 1938 for a musical composition that would become the official song of the U . S . Army Air Corps . Out of 757 submissions , Crawford ' s was chosen as the winner . During World War II , Crawford flew for the Air Transport Command of the U . S . Army Air Forces . In 1947 , Crawford joined the University of Miami ' s music faculty . He remained there for ten years , until he left to focus on composing .
The Battle of Cowpens ( small volume ) The Battle of Cowpens , published in 1958 , is the last published work of the late novelist Kenneth Roberts . It is an essay discussing the Battle of Cowpens during the American Revolution , which Roberts had originally intended to turn into a novel but published as an essay to popularize his view of the battle . The American commander at Cowpens was Brigadier General Daniel Morgan , one of the heroes of Roberts ' earlier novels " Arundel " and " Rabble in Arms " as a key aide to Major General Benedict Arnold . Roberts wanted to challenge the historians that had written about the blunders of both Morgan and British Colonel Banastre Tarleton during the battle , but his physical condition wouldn ' t permit him to finish another novel . Instead , Roberts accepted a commission from Collier ' s to write an essay about the battle . Roberts , however , was displeased with the abridged version of the essay that was published and arranged to have the unedited version published , albeit posthumously . " The battle was the turning point in the American Revolution , when Morgan ' s rough & ready raiders took on Tarleton ' s veteran troops in a South Carolina meadow and in less than an hour showed the way that Yorktown would go . This is a diorama of the battle done with the unfailing skill of Roberts at his best through the last . It is a gem of historical re - enactment . " - Charles A . Wagner , " New York Mirror "
German Armistice Commission The German Armistice Commission was created by Article 22 of the Franco - German Armistice , signed on 22 June 1940 . The armistice came into effect at the same time as the Franco - Italian Armistice on 25 June . The Commission ' s seat was at Wiesbaden . According to Article 22 of the armistice agreement , the " Armistice Commission , acting in accordance with the direction of the German High Command , will regulate and supervise the carrying out of the armistice agreement . It is the task of the Armistice Commission further to insure the necessary conformity of this agreement with the Italian - French armistice . " In addition , the " French Government will send a delegation to the seat of the German Armistice Commission to represent the French wishes and to receive regulations from the German Armistice Commission for executing [ the agreement ] . "
William A . Connelly William A . Connelly was the sixth Sergeant Major of the Army . He was sworn in on July 2 , 1979 , and served until June , 1983 . He was born in Monticello , Georgia , on June 2 , 1931 . He is best known for removing the specialist ranks of Specialist 5 through Specialist 7 . Ordered to active duty in March 1954 , he was a tank crewman , tank commander , platoon sergeant and First Sergeant in the 761st Tank Battalion , 3rd Armored Division at Fort Knox , Kentucky . The first of his four tours in Europe was with the 826th Tank Battalion at Hammelburg and Schweinfurt , Germany , from January 1955 until November 1956 . The 826th returned to Fort Benning , Georgia , where Sergeant Major Connelly served as an Operations Sergeant and Platoon Sergeant until August 1958 . He returned to Europe , serving as Platoon Sergeant with the 2 / 67th Armor , 4th Armored Division in Fürth , Germany , from August 1958 through September 1961 . He was back in CONUS at Fort Stewart , Georgia , as a Platoon Sergeant with the 3d Medium Tank Battalion , 32d Armor for less than 30 days when that unit was sent to Germany as part of the build up during the Berlin crisis . Sergeant Major Connelly remained in Augsburg serving as a Platoon Sergeant with the 3 / 32d Armor until November 1962 . He then moved to Munich , Germany , as a First Sergeant and Operations Sergeant in the 32nd Tank Battalion , and 24th Infantry Division . Back at Fort Stewart , Georgia , in August 1964 , Sergeant Major Connelly served as First Sergeant of Company C , 4th Battalion , 68th Armor , 2d Infantry Division . In October 1965 , his company was ordered to the Dominican Republic and remained there until July 1966 . In January 1967 , Sergeant Major Connelly assumed duties as Chief Enlisted Advisor to the Cavalry Squadron or the Georgia National Guard , headquartered in Griffin , Georgia . His combat duty in Vietnam was as First Sergeant of Troop B , 1st Squadron , 9th Cavalry , 1st Cavalry Division from October 1969 to November 1970 . From then until May 1973 , Sergeant Major Connelly served at Fort Knox , Kentucky as First Sergeant of the reception Station and several companies of the First Training Brigade as well as Sergeant Major of the 1st and 2d Battalions . Upon graduation he was assigned to Germany for his fourth European tour . Sergeant Major Connelly initially served as Sergeant major of the 1 / 35th Armor , 1st Armored Division at Erlangen . In June 1975 , he became Sergeant Major of the Seventh Army Training Command Grafenwöhr and in July 1976 , became Sergeant Major of the 1st Armored division at Ansbach . From that position , he was nominated and selected to the position of Sergeant Major of the United States Army Forces Command , Fort McPherson , Georgia , in July 1977 . Awards and decorations . < br > " The Sergeants Major of the Army " , Daniel K . Elder , Center of Military History , United States Army Washington , D . C . 2003 .
75th Bombardment Squadron The 75th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was to the 4039th Strategic Wing , stationed at Griffiss Air Force Base , New York . It was inactivated on 1 February 1963 . History . Established as a pre - World War II GHQAF bombardment squadron , it was equipped with B - 18 Bolo s and early - model B - 26 Marauder s . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , the squadron was engaged in anti - submarine operations over the mid - Atlantic coast . It was reassigned to the Third Air Force , equipped with A - 26 Invader light bombers ; but it deployed with the Fifth Air Force in Australia in 1942 as part of the re - equipping of that command , following the 1941 – 1942 Battle of the Philippines . It then deployed to the South Pacific Area ( SPA ) , being assigned to the Thirteenth Air Force and attacking enemy targets in the Solomon Islands , New Hebrides and other locations north and east of Papua New Guinea . It became part of General MacArthur ' s New Guinea campaign , supporting ground forces with the tactical bombing of enemy formations and targets along the northern coast of New Guinea and in the Dutch East Indies . The squadron attacked enemy forces in the Philippines during early 1945 as part of the liberation from Japanese control ; it continued combat missions until the Japanese capitulation in August 1945 and became part of the Fifth Air Force in Occupied Japan in 1946 before being demobilized and inactivated in May 1946 . It was reactivated as a Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) B - 36 Peacemaker bombardment squadron in 1953 . The squadron was engaged in worldwide training missions with the B - 36 until 1956 when it was re - equipped with the all jet - powered B - 52 Stratofortress . It was reassigned to the SAC provisional 4039th Strategic Wing in 1959 at Griffiss AFB , New York , to disperse its heavy bomber force and conduct worldwide strategic bombardment training missions with a nuclear deterrent . SAC inactivated its provisional Strategic Wings , including the 75th , redesignating them permanent Air Force Wings in 1963 . The squadron was inactivated with aircraft / personnel / equipment being redesignated the 668th Bombardment Squadron in an in - place , name - only transfer .
Battle of Montecatini The Battle of Montecatini was fought in the Val di Nievole on August 29 , 1315 between the Republic of Pisa , and the forces of both Kingdom of Naples and Republic of Florence . The army of Pisa , commanded by Uguccione della Faggiuola , won a decisive victory despite being outnumbered . The Neapolitan forces , made up of nearly 60 , 000 men , were commanded by Philip I of Taranto . While he survived the battle , his eldest son Charles of Taranto and his brother Peter , Count of Eboli and Gravina , were both killed in the fight . Additional deaths included members of 114 Florentine noble families , as well as Francesco della Faggiuola , son of Uguccione .
Förste sergeant Förste Sergeant ( First Sergeant ) is a Swedish military rank above Sergeant ( Sweden ) and below Fänrik . First Sergeant is an entry level professional rank awarded after a minimum of 6 months of basic training followed by 18 months ( 3 semesters ) of professional training . A typical role of a First Sergeant is to act as a squad leader of 6 - 12 men . Corresponding ranks in the Navy are Förste styrman , Förste maskinist , and Förste konstapel . Obtaining the rank in Sweden . Three months of Basic Military Training ( GMU ) , three months of Extended Military Training ( KMU ) followed by 18 months of professional specialist training . History and related ranks . Sweden : 2008 . The rank was introduced as a professional rank . Sweden : June 6 , 2008 . First cadre of 92 Army Specialist Officers graduated as Sergeants from the Land Warfare Center at Kvarn . Those have received training to become squadleaders and will serve as instructors at training centers around Sweden . Those sergeants were promoted to this rank in January 2009 .
Charles B . Morris Charles Bedford Morris ( December 29 , 1931 – August 22 , 1996 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Morris joined the Army from Roanoke , Virginia in 1953 , and briefly served during the Korean War before serving in Vietnam . By June 29 , 1966 he was a Sergeant in Company A , 2d Battalion ( Airborne ) , 503rd Infantry Regiment , 173d Airborne Brigade ( Separate ) . During a firefight on that day in the Republic of Vietnam , Morris continued to lead his squad , fight the enemy , and help the wounded despite being wounded himself four separate times . For his actions during the battle he was promoted to Staff Sergeant and , on December 14 , 1967 , awarded the Medal of Honor . Morris reached the highest enlisted rank , Sergeant Major , before retiring from the Army . He died at age 64 and was buried in Morris Cemetery , Fancy Gap , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Staff Sergeant Morris ' Medal of Honor citation reads :
Francis Lubbock Francis Richard Lubbock ( October 16 , 1815 – June 22 , 1905 ) was the ninth Governor of Texas and was in office during the American Civil War . He was the brother of Thomas Saltus Lubbock , for whom Lubbock County , Texas and the City of Lubbock are named . Born in Beaufort , South Carolina , Lubbock was a businessman in South Carolina before moving to Texas in 1836 . During the Republic of Texas period , President Sam Houston appointed Lubbock to be comptroller . In 1857 , Lubbock was elected lieutenant governor of Texas as a Democrat but failed in his reelection bid in 1859 . Following the Confederate secession in 1861 , Lubbock won the governorship of Texas . During his tenure , he supported Confederate conscription , working to draft all able - bodied men , including resident aliens , into the Confederate States Army . When Lubbock ' s term ended in 1863 , he joined the Confederate Army and was appointed to a lieutenant colonel ' s position , serving under Major General John B . Magruder . By 1864 , Lubbock was promoted to aide - de - camp for Jefferson Davis . Following the Confederacy ' s military collapse Lubbock fled from Richmond , Virginia with Davis . They were soon caught by Union troops in Georgia . He was imprisoned at Fort Delaware for eight months before being paroled . On his return to Texas , Lubbock continued to pursue business interests in Houston and Galveston . From 1878 to 1891 , he served as Texas State Treasurer . He died in Austin .