naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Air superiority fighter An air superiority fighter is a type of fighter aircraft designed for entering and seizing control of enemy airspace as a means of establishing complete dominance of one side ' s air forces over the other side ' s ( " air supremacy " ) . Air superiority fighters are designed to effectively engage enemy fighters , more than other types of aircraft . They are usually more expensive and procured in smaller numbers than multirole fighter s . Evolution of the term . During World War II and through the Korean War , fighters were classified by their role : heavy fighter , interceptor , escort fighter , night fighter , and so forth . With the development of guided missiles in the 1950s , design diverged between fighters optimized to fight in the beyond visual range ( BVR ) regime ( interceptors ) , and fighters optimized to fight in the within visual range ( WVR ) regime ( air superiority fighters ) . In the United States , the influential proponents of BVR developed the fighters with no forward - firing gun , such as the original F - 4 Phantom II , as it was thought that they would never even need to resort to WVR combat . These aircraft would sacrifice high maneuverability , and instead focus on remaining performance characteristics , as they presumably would never engage in dogfight with enemy fighters . Lessons in combat . Combat experiences during the Vietnam War proved BVR proponents wrong in their assumption that they would never need to resort to WVR combat . Owing to restrictive rules of engagement and the failings of 1960s missile and radar technology , combat often comprised close - range dog - fights , one for which American fighters and pilots were unprepared . The lessons from this conflict spurred a rethinking of design priorities for fighter aircraft , in which the U . S . Navy ' s TOPGUN and the U . S . Air Force ' s Red Flag programs , developed specifically to teach pilots the lessons of dogfight ing , were created . In order to maximize their combat effectiveness and strategic usefulness , air superiority fighters usually operate under the control / co - ordination of an Airborne Early Warning and Control ( AEW & C ) aircraft . Air superiority fighters . After lessons learned from combat experiences involving modern military air capacity , the U . S . Navy ' s VFAX / VFX and U . S . Air Force ' s FX ( Fighter Experimental ) reassessed their tactical direction which resulted in the U . S . Navy ' s F - 14 Tomcat and US Air Force ' s F - 15 Eagle . The two designs were built to achieve air superiority and significant consideration was given during the development of both aircraft to allow them to excel at the shorter ranges of fighter combat . United States
George L . Banks George Lovell Banks ( October 13 , 1839 - August 20 , 1924 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Banks served in the American Civil War in the 15th Indiana Infantry for the Union Army . He received the Medal of Honor on February 18 , 1891 for his actions at the Battle of Missionary Ridge . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : As color bearer , led his regiment in the assault , and , though wounded , carried the nag forward to the enemy ' s works , where he was again wounded . In a brigade of 8 regiments this flag was the first planted on the parapet .
Barcha Barsha is a type of lance with a wooden handle , once common in South Asia ( the word itself is Hindi ) . They were common in the 16th century . The weapon found itself very handy with the emerging Marathas in early seventeenth century . It was lighter to carry in the mountainous terrain and easier to manufacture . A skilled spearman ( bhalaeet ) could keep a heavily armed foot soldier at bay . With his slashing and thrusting motions , he could inflict much damage while surrounded by a number of swordsmen . The illustrious use of this weapon is recorded in the last stages of third battle of Panipat by the Maratha general Sadashivrao Bhau . ( " See : Third battle of Panipat " ) . Another version of this weapon is the Ballam , a throwing spear effectively used to bring down infantry and cavalrymen at a distance .
Eastbourne Redoubt Eastbourne Redoubt is a fort on what is now Royal Parade , Eastbourne , East Sussex , England . History . The Redoubt was built between 1804 and 1810 to support the associated Martello tower s in defending against the threat of an invasion by Napoleon . It has defended the Eastbourne coast for nearly 200 years . Like its twin Dymchurch Redoubt it was built as a barracks and supply depot for the towers , and designed for 11 guns , although only 10 guns were installed . During the First World War the Redoubt was used by the military police as a headquarters and temporary jail . Following this , the Redoubt was purchased by Eastbourne Borough Council for £150 with the plan to turn it into a venue for leisure activities . During the Second World War the building was requisitioned by the army to be used for storage . Canadian troops also spent time there in the build up to the D - Day landings . After the war , the Redoubt was home to a model village ( miniature park ) and an aquarium . The model village was vandalised in the 1970s , and the aquarium closed in 1996 . Collections . The redoubt opened as a military museum in 1977 , and is now the largest military museum in south east England . It contains military collections of The Royal Sussex Regiment who moved to the museum in 1983 , The Queen ' s Royal Irish Hussars ( see also The Queen ' s Royal Hussars ) , who moved in 1988 and the founding collection , the Sussex Combined Services . In addition the museum also features displays on the History of the British Army , the Life of the Redoubt display and a model of the Redoubt Fortress . Among the artefacts that the Museum possesses and displays is General Hans - Jürgen von Arnim ' s Steyr Automobile 1500A Afrika Korps Staff Car , captured by the Royal Sussex Regiment in Tunisia , as well as a Mark III Centurion Tank , a Russian bugle rescued from the ill - fated Charge of the Light Brigade , a uniform of the Desert Rats worn at the Battle of El Alamein in 1942 and a Gulf War camp of the Queen ' s Royal Irish Hussars . Temporary exhibitions are held each year and have recently focussed on Victoria Cross es , the postcards of Donald McGill and battles fought by British forces in Zululand during the late nineteenth century . Opening times . The museum is open to the public from 29 March 2013 through to 17th November 2013 . The museum is open 7 days a week , 10am – 5pm . The winter months are used for building restoration and the creation of new displays . Events . The museum stages a number of events including wargaming shows , and holds activities in conjunction with Eastbourne Victorian Festival .
Anatomy of the Ship series The Anatomy of the Ship series of books are comprehensive treatments of the design and construction of individual ships . They have been published by Conway Maritime Press ( now Conway Publishing ) since the 1980s , and republished in the US by the Naval Institute Press . About the series . Each volume begins with a general history of the vessel , as preface to a set of detailed scale drawings showing every part of the interior and exterior , from keel to masthead . Black - and - white photographs and engravings , including of ship model s for older types , round out the description . Since 1998 , each volume has carried a large - scale plan on the reverse of the fold - off dust jacket . According to its producers , the series ‘ aims to provide the finest documentation of individual ships and ship types ever published . What makes the series unique is a complete set of superbly executed line drawings , both the conventional type of plan as well as explanatory views , with fully descriptive keys . These are supported by technical details and a record of the ship ’ s service . ’ The ships chosen are a mix of famous vessels , such as HMS " Victory " and " Yamato " , and less - famous ships that are well - documented representatives of their class ( HMS " Bellona " , " Lawhill " ) . Classification . The series is divided into two distinct – yet broadly encompassing – categories , identified by colour coding . Firstly , those presented in a yellow - and - silver themed dust jacket relate to ‘ non - motor - propelled ’ ships . This group tracks the development of ship design from " The Ships of Christopher Columbus " , through to the end of the age of sail ( those designed or constructed approximately up until the 1860s ) , such as the " HMS Beagle : Survey Ship Extraordinaire , 1820 - 70 " , by Karl Heinz Marquardt . Ships thereafter , powered by steam and screw propulsion , are represented in silver - and - blue themed dust jackets . These include submarines , the Japanese World War II vessel , " The Battleship Yamato " , by Janusz Skulski , and " The Aircraft Carrier Victorious " , by Ross Watton .
James Stacy ( US soldier ) James Stacy Adams was a soldier in the United States Army . He was the senior non - commissioned officer in the 302nd Military Intelligence Battalion , from September 2 , 2003 , until his unexpected death on January 2 , 2004 . The 302nd was stationed at Abu Ghraib Prison . During his tenure members of the 372nd Military Police Company , who garrisoned Abu Ghraib , took infamous photos of their abuse of prisoners . Colonel Thomas Pappas , the commanding officer of Stacy ' s battalion was present during the death in custody of " ghost prisoner " Manadel al - Jamadi .
SS Clan Macneil ( 1921 ) The SS " Clan Macneil " was a British cargo steamer of the Clan Line . She was built by the Ayrshire Dockyard , Irvine , North Ayrshire and launched on 1 December 1921 . As with the majority of the ships of the Clan Line , she was named after a Scottish clan , in this case Clan MacNeil . She served during the Second World War , and was scrapped at Port Glasgow in May 1952 .
Vyazma Airport Vyazma Airport ( also Vyaz ' ma ) is an airport in Russia located 9 km southeast of Vyazma . It currently serves general aviation . During the Cold War it was a Soviet Anti - Air Defense base and was home to 45 IAP ( 45th Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) flying MiG - 23P interceptor aircraft . The unit was decommissioned sometime in the 1990s due to cutbacks in defense spending . An Air Forces Monthly article in January 1997 , written following a visit to the airfield , said that it had housed a DOSAAF training regiment up until about 1980 , flying some 80 MiG - 17s and two MiG - 15UTIs . From 1980 the unit converted to the L - 29 Delfin and then the L - 39C Albatros , with around 70 aircraft on strength . When AFM visited , all the now - ROSTO aircraft , roughly 40 L - 29s and 30 L - 39Cs , were parked in a small area of the airfield , as there were no hangars . The facility at the time was offering sightseeing and proficiency flights to the paying general public in these aircraft in order to make ends meet . Also at the airfield during the AFM visit were a large number of Mi - 24D / V / Ks and Mi - 8TV / MT / MTVs of 440 OVP ( Separate Helicopter Regiment ) relocated from Stendal in Germany . A small group of Mi - 8PPAs and Mi - 8SMVs , AFM said , were probably formerly flown by the 292 OVP at Cochstedt in Germany . 440 OVP crewmembers and families , the magazine said , have been housed in newly built homes paid for by the German government .
USNS Lynn ( T - AG - 182 ) " Lynn Victory " MCV - 847 was one of 12 ships scheduled to be acquired by the Navy in February 1966 and converted into Forward Depot Ships , the forerunners of the Fast Deployment Logistics Ships . She was scheduled to be renamed " Lynn " and placed in service with the Military Sea Transport Service as USNS " Lynn " T - AG - 182 . The program , however , was canceled and the ships were not acquired by the Navy .
Crixus Crixus ( died 72 BC ) was a Gallic gladiator , who along with the Thracian Spartacus , and the fellow Gauls Oenomaus , Castus , Gannicus was one of the leaders of the slave rebellion in the Third Servile War . He was a Gaul ( his name means " one with curly hair " in Gaulish ) , and had been a slave for several years before the revolt . Crixus had fought for the Allobroges against the Romans and had been captured . Like his companions , Crixus had trained as a gladiator in Capua . Initially , the slave army proved very successful , defeating the forces the Roman Senate sent to put down the insurrection ; however , Crixus separated from Spartacus towards the end of the year . Crixus was slain by consul L . Gellious in the battle near mount Gar - ganus in 72 B . C . Soon after , Spartacus sacrificed 300 Roman captives to the name of Crixus . Plutarch ’ s Description of Crixus Last Events Following the battle against Gellius legion , Crixus met his death . Spartacus and his forces then battled the army under Lentulus control . Spartacus defeated most of Lentulus ’ s men . After capturing most of the resources left behind by their opponents , Spartacus moved forward into northern Italy . Appian ’ s Description of Crixus Last Events Crixus forces and Gellius men engaged in a fight near Mount Garganus that kindled a strenuous series of military tactics that nearly resulted in the Spartacan men directly attacking the city of Rome . Gellius defeated Crixus and advanced northward . They then pursued Spartacus ’ s forces who were moving quickly to Cisalpine Gaul . Lentulus and his men stationed themselves in between Cisalpine to block Spartacus ’ path , and hoped to capture them . Spartacus ’ men finally met Lentulus , and defeated him . Spartacus turned his forces around and beat Gellius ’ forces right after that . The men who were left over from Lentulus and Gellius ’ s forces were manipulated by Spartacus to battle each other to the death . Spartacus did this gladiator like tribute in honor of his friend Crixus ' s death .
Battle of Beler The Battle of Beler , was the last major battle of the Dominican War of Independence and was fought on November 27 , 1845 at the Beler savanna , Monte Cristi Province . A force of Dominican troops , a portion of the Army of The North , led by General Francisco Antonio Salcedo , defeated a force of the Haitian Army led by General Jean - Louis Pierrot , while 3 Dominican schooners led by Admiral Juan Bautista Cambiaso , blockaded the port of Cap - Haïtien to prevent sea reinforcements of the near sited land battle .
Jack G . Hanson Jack Glennon Hanson ( September 18 , 1930 – June 7 , 1951 ) was a soldier in the U . S . Army during the Korean War . He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on June 7 , 1951 , during which he saved the members of his squad . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private First Class , U . S . Army , Company F , 31st Infantry Regiment , 7th Infantry Division Place and date : Near Pachi - dong , Korea , June 7 , 1951 Entered service at : Galveston , Tex . Born : September 18 , 1930 , Escaptawpa , Miss . G . O . No . : 15 , February 1 , 1952 Citation : Pfc . Hanson , a machine gunner with the 1st Platoon , Company F , distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations . The company , in defensive positions on two strategic hills separated by a wide saddle , was ruthlessly attacked at approximately 0300 hours , the brunt of which centered on the approach to the divide within range of Pfc . Hanson ' s machine gun . In the initial phase of the action , 4 riflemen were wounded and evacuated and the numerically superior enemy , advancing under cover of darkness , infiltrated and posed an imminent threat to the security of the command post and weapons platoon . Upon orders to move to key terrain above and to the right of Pfc . Hanson ' s position , he voluntarily remained to provide protective fire for the withdrawal . Subsequent to the retiring elements fighting a rearguard action to the new location , it was learned that Pfc . Hanson ' s assistant gunner and 3 riflemen had been wounded and had crawled to safety , and that he was maintaining a lone - man defense . After the 1st Platoon reorganized , counterattacked , and resecured its original positions at approximately 0530 hours , Pfc . Hanson ' s body was found lying in front of his emplacement , his machine gun ammunition expended , his empty pistol in his right hand , and a machete with blood on the blade in his left hand , and approximately 22 enemy dead lay in the wake of his action . Pfc . Hanson ' s consummate valor , inspirational conduct , and willing self - sacrifice enabled the company to contain the enemy and regain the commanding ground , and reflect lasting glory on himself and the noble traditions of the military service .
Battle of Blaye The Battle of Blaye was a 1593 Spanish victory of the Anglo – Spanish War ( 1585 ) and the French Wars of Religion . The previous year Pedro de Zubiaur had dispersed an English convoy of 40 ships , burning the flagship and capturing three others , but a further English fleet of 6 ships then arrived and prevented further losses . In 1593 Zubiaur set out to relieve Blaye ( a French city captured by the Catholics but under heavy siege ) and , on arriving in its port and sighting 6 English ships , set their flagship on fire and then sank it with all hands . He was later met by another enemy fleet in a fierce battle , in which Zubiaur ' s own ship was burned but managed to sink this fleet ' s flagship and save all the Spanish vessels . After this second battle Zubiaur had to fight two more , firstly sinking an entire 11 - ship squadron sent from La Rochelle and Boagre whilst Zubiaur was successfully landing reinforcements ( with no loss of Spanish ships , despite his own ship being set on fire ) . When 40 ships and 2 galleys arrived from Bordeaux , a winter storm ran both them and the Spanish ships aground . Zubiaur was then able to get all his ships off at high tide and sail back to Pasajes . Philip II of Spain made Zubiaur " general como a lo demás de escuadra para que antes que muera deje esto a los mios " , even though he had not succeeded in relieving the city . The expedition was seen as a success , however , and a painting produced of the victory .
Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica de Argentina The Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica ( MNA ) ( ) is a museum located in Morón , Buenos Aires , Argentina , dedicated to the history of aviation , in particular the Argentine Air Force . History . The museum was created on January 13 , 1960 , by decree 264 / 60 of the President of the Republic , its first director and main supporter being Brigadier Edmundo Civatti Bernasconi . It was initially located at the Aeroparque Jorge Newbery , and in the 2000s was relocated to the Morón Airport and Air Base , site of Argentina ' s first international airport . Collections . Aircraft on display include : Also included is an Anasagasti car , which was also used by the Argentine Air Force . Facilities . The museum is divided between differents halls : In addition there is a gift shop .
Action of 11 November 1779 The Action of 11 November 1779 was a minor naval engagement between the British Royal Naval frigate and the Spanish frigate " Santa Margarita " off Lisbon during the American War of Independence . On 11 November , Captain Alexander Graeme in " Tartar " , belonging to the squadron under Commodore George Johnstone , was off Lisbon when he sighted the Spanish 38 - gun frigate " Santa Margarita " . " Tartar " , with the wind behind her , caught up and engaged the Spanish vessel . After around two hours of fighting " Santa Marguerita " was almost dismasted when her captain decided to strike her colours . " Santa Margarita " was added to the Royal Navy under her existing name as a 12 - pounder 36 - gun frigate . She had a very long career , serving until 1836 .
Roosevelt Johnson David Roosevelt Johnson ( died October 23 , 2004 ) was a Liberian who led a rebel group during the country ' s civil war . He is a member of the Krahn ethnic group . A former teacher , Johnson joined the rebel group United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy ( ULIMO ) soon after the war began . ULIMO split into two factions in 1994 : United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy - Kromah faction ( ULIMO - K ) led by Alhaji G . V . Kromah and the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy - Johnson faction ( ULIMO - J ) , which was led by Johnson . Johnson had 6 sons in Liberia , whom he cared for dearly . Jotham , his eldest , would take care of the rest of his brothers while Johnson had been on rebel missions . Nigel , Justin , Rob , Hye and Igor had lived without knowing much about their father , as Johnson had hardly been home to care for them . Fighters loyal to Johnson triggered the first major violation of the Abuja Accord in December 1995 , resisting ECOMOG deployment around the diamond mines near Tubmanburg . He was dismissed from the ULIMO - J leadership in early 1996 . Like many involved in the Liberian civil war , Johnson was known to use mercenary fighters to further his causes . One notable example was his funding of Joshua Milton Blahyi , commonly known as General Butt Naked . The General commanded a brigade of drunken or otherwise intoxicated young teenage boys who would fight naked or in women ' s clothing because of a belief that it would protect them from bullets . Such was the mix of politics , semi - religious belief , uneducated leaders , drugs and utter fall of civil society that typified the Liberian conflict . On 20 September 1998 , following government accusations earlier that month that it had foiled a coup attempt , there was a shootout near the American embassy , between fighters loyal to Johnson and President Charles Taylor ' s troops . It left at least 50 people dead . The gun battle was described by some observers as a deliberate attempt by Taylor ' s forces to gun down Johnson and many of his followers . Johnson fled to the United States Embassy and was then transported out of the country to Nigeria . He was charged with treason and convicted in absentia , in April 1999 . He died in 2004 in Nigeria .
Armand Samuel de Marescot Armand Samuel de Marescot , born in Tours on 1 March 1758 , died November 5 , 1832 at Castle Chaslay near Montoire Loir - et - Cher was a French general of engineering in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . In Germany in 1796 , he was the commander of Landau on 16 April . He repelled an attack in October 1796 by Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze , then later defended the fortifications of Kehl until its surrender in early 1797 . Subsequently , he was appointed Commander in Chief of Engineering of the Rhine Army , he served at the crossing of the Rhine River at Kehl until 20 April 1797 . He was then successively appointed commander of Army engineering in Germany , the commander of engineers in the Army of the Danube 7 March 1799 , and then commander of Army engineers of the joint Army of Helvetia and the Army of the Danube under Andre Massena on 30 April 1799 . He served in the Swiss campaign until the peace of 1801 , and later in the War of the Third Coalition . Subsequently , he fought in the Peninsular War . He died at Vendome on 25 December 1832 and his name is on the east side of the Arc de Triomphe .
Sarah Oram Dame Sarah Elizabeth Oram , DBE , RRC ( 25 December 1860 – 26 June 1946 ) was Principal Matron , Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and Senior member of Queen Alexandra ' s Imperial Military Nursing Service ( QAIMNS ) , serving as Matron - in - Chief from 1915 - 1919 ( World War I period ) . She was born on Christmas Day , 1860 in Cirencester , the only daughter of Samuel Thomas Oram , a Surveyor of Taxes , and his wife , Sarah Gibbons Oram . She was awarded the DBE ( Military Division ) in 1919 and invested on 10 March 1920 at Buckingham Palace . Sarah Oram died , unmarried , on 26 June 1946 in South Kensington , London , aged 85 .