naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Voltone Airfield Voltone Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield , located approximately 4 km west of Tarquinia ( Provincia di Viterbo , Lazio ) , central Italy , about 70 km northwest of Rome . It was an all - weather temporary field built by the XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface , with prefabricated hessian ( burlap ) surfacing ( PHS ) . PHS was made of an asphalt - impregnated jute rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track ( SMT ) grid of wire joined in 3 - inch squares . Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas , as well as for dispersal sites , when it was available . In addition , tents were used for billeting and support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums ; drinkable water and a minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Once completed it was turned over for use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 415th Night Fighter Squadron between 17 June - 9 July 1944 , flying Bristol Beaufighter s . When the Americans pulled out , the airfield was dismantled by engineers . Today the location of the airfield is partially a golf course bisected by a road with the outline of its former main runway on the other side in a pasture .
Dead checking Dead checking is U . S . military jargon for the practice of verifying the death of Iraqi insurgents and the subsequent killing of those who remain alive when U . S . Armed Forces enter an insurgent house in hot battle as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom . The term was in use as early as November 2004 when reporter Evan Wright of The Village Voice quoted an unnamed enlisted U . S . Marine and Iraq war veteran as saying , " They teach us to do dead - checking when we ' re clearing rooms . You put two bullets into the guy ' s chest and one in the brain . But when you enter a room where guys are wounded you might not know if they ' re alive or dead . So they teach us to dead - check them by pressing them in the eye with your boot , because generally a person , even if he ' s faking being dead , will flinch if you poke him there . If he moves , you put a bullet in the brain . You do this to keep the momentum going when you ' re flowing through a building . You don ' t want a guy popping up behind you and shooting you . " The term was used again by the Associated Press in July 2007 , when Corporal Saul H . Lopezromo , a defense witness in the murder trial of Corporal Trent D . Thomas testified that the procedure of dead checking was routine and stated , " I don ' t see it as an execution , sir , I see it as killing the enemy . " Lopezromo later added , " If somebody is worth shooting once , they ' re worth shooting twice . " The Los Angeles Times in July 2007 reported that Corporal Lopezromo testified , " Marines are taught dead - checking in boot camp , the School of Infantry at Camp Pendleton , and the pre - deployment training at Twentynine Palms called Mojave Viper . "
Thabit ibn Nasr Thabit ibn Nasr ibn Malik al - Khuza ' i ( died 813 / 814 ) was an Abbasid general and governor of the Cilician frontier zone ( " al - thughur al - Sha ' miya " ) with the Byzantine Empire in 808 – 813 . Thabit was a native of Khurasan , and the grandson of Malik ibn al - Haytham al - Khuza ' i , an early Abbasid follower and military leader . He was appointed as governor of the Syrian " thughur " ( essentially comprising Cilicia , with Tarsus as its capital ) in the last year of the reign of Harun al - Rashid ( 808 / 809 ) . He organized a prisoner exchange with the Byzantines at Podandos in 808 , but also led a series of raiding expeditions ( " sawa ' if " ) against them . In one of these however , in August 812 , he suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of Leo the Armenian , losing 2 , 000 men . From ca . 810 , with the outbreak of a civil war between al - Amin and his brother al - Ma ' mun , Thabit , like many other provincial governors and magnates , was able to assume virtually independent control of his province . He died or was killed shortly after the final victory of Ma ' mun in 813 , according to some accounts poisoned by his cousin Nasr ibn Hamza ibn Malik .
Sainte Marie du Zit Airfield Sainte Marie du Zit Airfield is an abandoned military airfield in Zaghwan provience , Tunisia , located about 3 km northeast of Sainte - Marie du Zit ; 17 km east - northeast of Zaghouan , and 50 km south of Tunis . History . The airfield was built by the German Luftwaffe during World War II . It was attacked and area near a fuel dump by Ninth Air Force B - 25 Mitchell s on 3 April 1943 , and seized by the United States Army on 9 May during the Battle of Tunisia . It was repaired by Army engineers and improved for use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force . The existing facility was expanded earth dispersal hardstands . Six - man tents were used for billeting , lined up in rows with the orderly room and the mess hall at one end . On 25 July , the 14th Fighter Group with three squadrons of P - 38 Lightning s arrived . After the Axis defeat in Tunisia , the 14th Fighter Group flew dive - bombing missions during the Allied assault on Pantelleria and helped prepare for and support the invasions of Sicily and Italy . Lieut H . T . Hanna made ace in one day by destroying five Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers on October 9 , 1943 . In November the group was assigned to Fifteenth Air Force and moved to Triolo Airfield , Italy on 12 December . The facilities at Sainte Marie du Zit were dismantled and the airfield was abandoned . The land is now an agricultural area , the remains of the main runway being visible on aerial photography . A large disturbed area around the runway is still in evidence .
USS Edward J . McKeever Jr . ( SP - 684 ) USS " Edward J . McKeever Jr . " ( SP - 684 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel and minesweeper in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Edward J . McKeever Jr . " was built as a commercial fishing vessel of the same name by Robert Palmer & Sons at Noank , Connecticut , in 1910 . On 5 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owners , McKeever Brothers , Inc . , of New York City , for use during World War I . Assigned the section patrol number 684 , she was commissioned the same day as USS " Edward J . McKeever Jr . " ( SP - 684 ) with Lieutenant , junior grade , M . F . Johnson in command . Assigned to the 4th Naval District , " Edward J . McKeever Jr . " performed patrol , minesweeping , towing , and transport duties for the rest of World War I . On 21 May 1919 , " Edward J . McKeever Jr . " was decommissioned and sold to the Wilcox Fertilizer Company of Mystic , Connecticut .
Reichskommissariat Don - Wolga Reichskommissariat Don - Wolga , literally " Reich Commissariat Don - Volga " , was a theoretical civilian occupation regime of Nazi Germany discussed during the early stages of German planning for its occupation of territories in the Soviet Union , one of several other Reichskommissariat s . It is also referred to in German memoranda as simply the Dongebiet ( " Don territory " ) . It was to stretch approximately from the Sea of Azov up to the Volga German Republic , an area without any natural boundaries , economic unity , or a homogeous population . Its slated capital was Rostov - on - Don . Dietrich Klagges , the Minister - President of Braunschweig , was proposed by Nazi leader Alfred Rosenberg as its Reichskommissar . Although five occupation regimes had originally been envisaged it was eventually dropped because it did not carry a specific political objective , and because the German authorities had decided by the second half of May 1941 to limit the number of administrative units that were to be established in the east to four . At Rosenberg ' s suggestion its territory was divided between the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and Reichskommissariat Kaukasus , which was accepted by Adolf Hitler . Other sources state its territory as covering 55 . 000 km2 , and including only territory later added to Reichskommissariat Ukraine , comprising its eventually planned Generalbezirke Rostov , Voronezh , and Saratov .
Keith K . Compton Keith Karl Compton ( December 9 , 1915 – June 15 , 2004 ) was an American Air Force lieutenant general who was vice commander in chief , Strategic Air Command , with headquarters at Offutt Air Force Base , Nebraska , and as such he fulfills the responsibility of the commander in chief , Strategic Air Command , in his absence and acts as his principal assistant and advisor in the formulation of SAC policies , plans and directives . Biography . Compton was born in 1915 in St . Joseph , Missouri , and graduated from Central High School there in 1933 . He received his bachelor of arts degree from Westminster College at Fulton , Missouri , in 1937 . He entered military service in February 1938 as an aviation cadet at Randolph Field , Texas , and received his pilot ' s wings a year later . Compton spent the next two and a half years at Langley Field , Virginia , with the 2nd Bomb Wing , the first unit equipped with the B - 17 Flying Fortress . In April 1942 he became commander of the 409th Bomb Squadron and later , at Fort Myers , Fla . , operations officer for the 93rd Bomb Group . In February 1943 , Compton became commander of the 376th Bomb Group in Africa and , on August 1 , 1943 , led the disastrous air attack on the Ploesti oil refineries in Romania . He was reassigned as assistant to the air chief of staff for operations , Fifteenth Air Force , in North Africa in March 1944 and returned to the United States in July that year as assistant deputy chief of staff for operations and training , Second Air Force , Colorado Springs , Colorado . Following several command assignments and graduation from the Air University , Compton was assigned in June 1948 to the Air Proving Ground Command , Eglin Air Force Base , Florida , as deputy for operations , a position he held until February 1953 . It was during this tour of duty that Compton , flying an F - 86 Sabrejet , won the National Air Races Bendix Trophy for 1951 , setting a new national speed record for the route . In February 1953 , Compton transferred to Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) . Several successful command assignments in SAC resulted in his designation in September 1961 as SAC director of operations . In June 1963 he became SAC ' s chief of staff . In August 1964 he was assigned to be the inspector general , U . S . Air Force . Six months later he was designated the deputy chief of staff for plans and operations , Headquarters U . S . Air Force . With these duties he also became the Air Force ' s operations deputy sitting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff for the chief of staff , U . S . Air Force . He assumed his present position in February 1967 . He retired August 1 , 1969 . Military decorations awarded Compton include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster , Air Medal with nine oak leaf clusters , the Air Force and the Army Commendation medal s . In addition he holds his college ' s outstanding Alumni Achievement Award and is one of the few holders of aviation ' s famed Bendix Trophy .
Fire arrow Fire arrows are an early form of gunpowder solid fuel rocket which were attached to a shaft of the arrow to provide a propulsive force . The Chinese are credited with both the invention of the fire arrow and also the first use of fire arrows in a military warfare . The Chinese developed fire arrows from their previous invention of fireworks and gunpowder . Design . The Fire Arrow was the first rocket in mechanism and design . It was made in a variety of forms and launched in diverse manners , but the first design consisted of a pouch of black powder with a stick attached ; the arrows were launched from a stand of bamboo sticks . Like the fins on a modern rocket , the long stick on a fire arrow increases stability and therefore accuracy . ( It works by causing the center of drag to be far behind the center of mass , so that atmospheric drag keeps the arrow oriented toward its direction of travel . ) Chinese and Korean fire arrows were usually launched in salvo es from launch platforms such as arrays of cylinders or boxes which could hold as many as 1 , 000 fire arrows each . The fire arrows propelled by gunpowder may have had a range of up to 1 , 000 feet . Fire arrows were tipped with flammable materials like pitch , bitumen or resin . Recorded uses . Chinese fire arrow . Fire arrows were first reported to be used by the Southern Wu in 904 during the siege of Yuzhang . Wu - Ching Tsung - yoa ' s " Complete Compendium of Military Classics " which was published in 1054 said that in 994 A . D . the Chinese city of Tzu T ' ung was attacked by an army of 100 , 000 men , the attacking army was routed by regular war machines and fire arrows . Other recorded uses were during the Song and Jin dynasties in : The Mongols , against whom the Chinese had primarily used the weapon , also made use of the fire arrow during their campaigns in Japan . As a result of the Mongolian military campaigns the fire arrow later spread into the Middle East . Korean fire arrow . Gunpowder and knowledge of rocketry were introduced to Korea through China , and eventually evolved into the singijeon . In the late 1300s a type of fire arrow called " hwajeon or hwajon " were used against Japanese pirates ( wokou also , kaizoku or wako ) by the Korean navy . Korean fire arrows were used against the Japanese during the invasion of Korea ( 1592 ) . Japanese fire arrows . The Japanese version of the fire arrow were known as " bo - hiya " . Japanese pirates ( wokou also , kaizoku or wako ) in the 1500s were reported to have used bo hiya . Bo - hiya had the appearance of a large arrow , a burning element made from incendiary waterproof rope was wrapped around the shaft , when lit the bo - hiya was fired from a wide bore tanegashima ( Japanese matchlock ) or a mortar like weapon . During one sea battle it was said the bo - hiya were " falling like rain " .
HMS H49 HMS " H49 " was a British H - class submarine built by William Beardmore and Company , Dalmuir . She was laid down on 15 July 1919 and commissioned on 25 October 1919 . In March 1937 the submarine navigated the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal in the company of " H33 " . The trip had been arranged by Lieutenant J . Collett , the commander of " H49 " . " H49 " survived until World War II when she was sunk by depth charging by German patrol craft commanded by Wolfgang Kaden belonging to the 5th German anti - submarine flotilla off Texel , the Netherlands on 18 October 1940 . There was only one survivor . In the mid 1980s amateur divers who had violated " H49 " s war grave status were prosecuted by the Dutch government .
USS Adhara ( AK - 71 ) USS " Adhara " ( AK - 71 ) was a " Crater " - class cargo ship in the service of the United States Navy in World War II . Named after the star Adhara in the constellation Canis Major , it was the only ship of the Navy to bear this name . " Adhara " was laid down 16 September 1942 as liberty ship SS " G . H . Corliss " ( MCE hull 425 ) by Permanente Metals Corporation , Yard No . 2 , Richmond , California , under a Maritime Commission contract ; launched on 27 October 1942 ; sponsored by Miss Ginny Simms , the lead vocalist for Kay Kyser ’ s orchestra ; acquired by the Navy on 6 November 1942 ; renamed " Adhara " ( AK - 71 ) ; and commissioned on 16 November 1942 , Comdr . William W . Ball , USNR , in command . " Adhara " sailed from San Francisco , on 27 November bound for the South Pacific . For the next eight months , she served as a member of Service Squadron ( ServRon ) 8 transporting cargo and passengers between the ports of Tutuila , Samoa ; Efate , New Hebrides ; Espiritu Santo ; Guadalcanal ; Tulagi ; Nouméa , New Caledonia ; and Wellington , New Zealand . While at Guadalcanal on 7 April 1943 , " Adhara " was among several ships subjected to a Japanese air attack . Five bombs exploded close aboard " Adhara " and punctured her hull in three places . The ship received jury patching at Espiritu Santo and then steamed to Australia for repairs . After emerging from drydock at Wellington , " Adhara " got underway for the west coast of the United States and on 10 July entered the Mare Island Navy Yard , Vallejo , California . When again ready for action , she sailed on 6 September for the South Pacific . Upon her arrival at Nouméa , the cargo ship rejoined ServRon 8 and once more served as an inter - island transport . Her labors took her to the Treasury Islands ; the Russell Islands ; Emirau , Green Islands ; and to various ports in New Guinea , New Hebrides , New Georgia , the Admiralty Islands , Guam , Tinian , Saipan , and Eniwetok . The ship served at Okinawa from 8 to 27 May during the fighting for that island . Following Japan ' s capitulation in mid - August , " Adhara " arrived at Seattle , Washington , on 30 August and remained in availability there through 27 September . She then got underway for the east coast of the United States . The ship paused in the Norfolk Naval Shipyard to have her naval equipment removed and then continued on to Baltimore , Maryland , where she arrived on 21 November . " Adhara " was decommissioned on 7 December 1945 and returned to the Maritime Commission . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 3 January 1946 . Under the Maritime Commission , the ship resumed her former name and carried it until she was sold in 1971 to a Spanish firm for scrapping . " Adhara " won two battle stars for her World War II service .
Battle of Sahart The Battle of Sahart was fought on April 24 , 1541 between the army of Emperor Gelawdewos and the forces of Garad Emar , a lieutenant of Imam Ahmad Gragn . According to Ethiopian sources , Gelawdewos was defeated . Gelawdewos succeeded to the throne soon after his father ' s death on 2 September 1540 . Despite his youth , over the next few months he made several successful attacks on the Somali garrisons in northern Ethiopia . These lifted the morale of the restive Christian Ethiopians , and upon arriving in Semien , he was surrounded by the apostates and others who had joined the Imam who sought his clemency . Soon after the young Emperor crossed the Tekezé , to observe Easter in Sard . Garad Emar , Ahmad Gragn ' s governor of Ganz , assumed that Galawdewos ' lieutenants would be away at their homes to celebrate the holiday , so picked this date to strike ; according to Bruce , these plans were quickly communicated to Gelawdewos , who was able to prepare his own response . According to Bruce , when Garad Emar approached Sard he fell into an ambush Gelawdewos had prepared , and the governor ' s army was destroyed . However , Ethiopian chronicles state that Gelawdewos was defeated at Sahart . Regardless of the outcome , Gelawdewos retired back over the Takaze . Although traditional account is that Gelawdewos retreated as far south as Shewa , C . F . Beckingham has produced evidence showing that the Ethiopian Emperor fled far to the south , over the Abay River into Gojjam , then back over the Abay to eventually reach Gindabret , " lying south of the most southerly reaches of the Blue Nile " , sometime after 26 May . References .
Mountain Huntsmen ( Argentina ) " Cazadores de Montaña should not be confused with the Cazadores del Monte " The Mountain Huntsmen , in Spanish Cazadores de Montaña , are special Mountain troops of the Argentine Army . There are two special forces units of Mountain Huntsmen : These units are specialised in mountain warfare .
Aaron B . Tompkins Aaron B . Tompkins ( February 2 , 1844 – November 27 , 1931 ) was a cavalry soldier who received the Medal of Honor while serving in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Military career . He was serving as a Sergeant in Company G , 1st New Jersey Volunteer Cavalry when he performed his act of bravery at the April 5 , 1865 Battle of Sailor ' s Creek , Virginia . His Medal was awarded to him on July 3 , 1865 , with a citation that reads " Charged into the enemy ' s ranks and captured a battle flag , having a horse shot under him and his cheeks and shoulders cut with a saber . " He died in Essex County , New Jersey , and was buried in Rosedale Cemetery , Orange , New Jersey . His grave can be found in the Lawn Section , Lot 31 , Grave 6 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company G , 1st New Jersey Cavalry . Place and date : At Sailors Creek , Va . , April 5 , 1865 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Orange , Essex County , N . J . Date of issue : July 3 , 1865 . Citation : Charged into the enemy ' s ranks and captured a battle flag , having a horse shot under him and his cheeks and shoulders cut with a saber .
Airman Leadership School Airman Leadership School ( ALS ) is a five week - long United States Air Force program designed to develop airmen into effective front - line supervisors . It is the first professional military education ( PME ) that enlisted Air Force members encounter . ALS focuses on developing leadership abilities as well as effective communication . Eligibility . Senior airmen with 48 months time in service or those with a promotion line number for Staff sergeant . The member must also have at least six months of retainability from the projected class graduation date before being enrolled . Supervision without SSgt Promotion . Upon completion of ALS the graduate receives the ability to write performance reports on subordinates . Air Force Instruction ( AFI ) 36 - 2618 . This allows the graduate the ability to supervise . Topics Covered . Airman Leadership School covers Combat Leader , Military Professional , Supervisor of Airmen , verbal and written communication , and group dynamics . A majority of the instruction focuses around various Air Force rules and regulations .
USS William G . Putnam ( 1857 ) USS " William G . Putnam " ( 1857 ) - – also known as the " USS General Putnam " — was acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War for the purpose of guarding the shores and waterways of the American coast from smugglers and blockade runners . A ship with two names . The Navy purchased " William G . Putnam " , a wooden - hulled tug built in 1857 at Brooklyn , New York , on 24 July 1861 at New York City and renamed the vessel " General Putnam " soon thereafter . The vessel ' s name later returned to " William G . Putnam " while in the service of the U . S . Navy . Civil War account of the ship . In Civil War accounts , the ship is mentioned by both names , as well as , simply , " Putnam . " For a full account of the activity of " William G . Putnam " see .
SS Canadian Constructor SS " Canadian Constructor " was a 7 , 178 GRT refrigerated ship built in 1922 by Halifax Shipyards Ltd in Nova Scotia . The ship had 12 corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of heating her four 180 lb / in single - ended boilers , which had a combined heating surface of . The boilers fed a 705 NHP triple expansion steam engine that was built by Tidewater Shipbuilders Ltd of Three Rivers , Quebec . Her hull had a 13 ton fore peak tank and a 128 ton aft peak tank . The ship ' s first manager was Canadian National Steamships , which set up a one - ship company , Canadian Constructor Ltd , to own her . In 1939 she was sold to Ernels Shipping Co of London , who registered her in London as SS " Argos Hill " and her placed under the control of Counties Ship Management . She was damaged in an air attack on Convoy OA 178 in the English Channel on 4 July 1940 . " Argos Hill " survived and remained in service until after the surrender of Germany , but was destroyed by fire on 7 August 1945 just a week before the surrender of Japan .