naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kapetron The Battle of Kapetron or Kapetrou was fought between the Byzantine - Georgian armies and the Seljuq Turks on September 10 or September 18 , 1048 . It was the culmination of an Anatolian expedition of İbrahim Yinal , a uterine brother of the sultan Toğrül . Background . The emperor Constantine IX sent to the Georgian warlord Liparit , whom the Byzantines had aided in his struggle against the Georgian king Bagrat IV , to unite against the advancing Seljuqs ; but ordered defensive strategy till the arrival of Georgian reinforcements . Prelude and description . The battle was preceded by the complete destruction of Arzen or Artze , a vibrant commercial center in the Byzantine - administered thema of Iberia ( near the modern - day Erzerum , Turkey ) , by the Seljuq forces . A combined Byzantine - Georgian army of 50 , 000 , under the command of Aaron , Katakalon Kekaumenos and Liparit , met the Seljuqs head - on at Kapetrou ( modern - day Hasan Kale ) . In a fierce nocturnal battle , the Christian allies failed to achieve any serious success , and Ibrahim Yinal was able to safely leave the Byzantine territory , laden with spoils and captives , including the Georgian commander Liparit . The emperor later sent ransoms to Toğrül who refused them , however , and released Liparit on condition that he would never again fight the Seljuqs . Aftermath . The devastation left behind by the Seljuq raid was so fearful that the Byzantine magnate Eustathios Boilas described , in 1051 / 52 , those lands as " foul and unmanageable . . . inhabited by snakes , scorpions , and wild beasts . " The Arab chronicler Ibn al - Athir reports that Ibrahim brought back 100 , 000 captives and a vast booty loaded on the backs of ten thousand camels .
Allan Ivo Steel Allan Ivo Steel ( 1892 – 1917 ) was an English cricketer . Allan Steel was born in Toxteth Park , Liverpool , the son of the Lancashire cricketer A . G . Steel . He attended Eton College , and played in Fowler ' s match in 1910 . As a right - handed batsman and a right - arm slow bowler , he represented MCC and also Middlesex in two first - class matches in 1912 . He served as a lieutenant of the 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards regiment of the British Army and was killed on active service during World War I , aged 25 . His name is on the Tyne Cot Memorial , Zonnebeke , West - Vlaanderen , Belgium , Panel 9 to 10 . His brother was John " Jack " Steel , who served in the Royal Navy . A Lieutenant he was washed overboard , in heavy seas , en route to take on the command of H . M . S Munster on 18 April 1918 . He drowned . His memorial is at the Portsmouth Naval Memorial . Their mother was Georgina Dorothy , née Thomas , ( 17 May 1864 – 6 October 1943 ) ; she descended from the family who included Commander William George Henry Skyring ( born c . 1797 ) who was on the " HMS Beagle " surveying South America , and who surveying the west coast of Africa was murdered on Cape Roxo on 23 December 1833 .
HMS L25 HMS " L25 " was a British L class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness . She was laid down on 25 February 1918 and was commissioned on an unknown date . " L25 " was sold in Newport in 1935 . Her ship ' s bell is in the care of the Royal Navy Submarine Museum .
German submarine U - 691 German submarine " U - 691 " was a Type VIIC / 41 U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her construction by Howaldtswerke of Hamburg was ordered on 2 April 1942 , suspended on 30 September 1943 , and cancelled on 22 July 1944 . The new Elektro Boat XXI design had made the Type VIIs obsolete . In fiction . Neal Stephenson ' s novel " Cryptonomicon " includes a fictitious " U - 691 " , a Type IXD / 42 , launched at Wilhelmshaven on 19 September 1940 ( four years before IXD / 42s were actually developed ) and fitted with an experimental " schnorkel " .
80th Carnatic Infantry The 80th Carnatic Infantry were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1777 , when they were raised as the 21st Carnatic Battalion , by enlisting men from the 2nd , the 6th , the 12th and the 15th Carnatic Battalion s . The regiments first action was during the Battle of Sholinghur in the Second Anglo - Mysore War . They also took part in the campaigns for the Third Anglo - Mysore War and were present at the Battle of Seringapatam in the Fourth Anglo - Mysore War in 1798 . It was over 100 years before they were next called for active service during World War I . During World War I they served in the Mesopotamia Campaign and a second battalion the 2 / 80th was formed in the Southern Brigade of the 9th ( Secunderabad ) Division in October 1918 , and transferred to the Secunderabad Bde in December 1918 . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . In 1922 , the 80th Carnatic Infantry was disbanded , being one of the remaining nine single battalion regiments .
Siege of Khost The Siege of Khost : during the nine - year Soviet war in Afghanistan in the 1980s and the subsequent Afghan civil war , the town of Khost was besieged for more than eleven years . Its airstrip ' s 3 km runway served as a base for helicopter operations by Soviet forces . Operation Magistral was an offensive launched to relieve it at the end of 1987 . The first convoys reached Khost at the end of December 1987 . When the main Soviet force had withdrawn , Mujahideen groups cut off Khost once again , as they had done since 1981 . Following the creation of the Commander ' s Shura , which united the Peshawar Seven and assault was coordinated to capture Khost , an assault which at least according to former special envoy to the Mujahideen Peter Tomsen was more an ISI operation than a Mujahideen one . This fighting was a co - ordinated attack by the forces of Hezb - e Islami of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , Jalaluddin Haqqani and local Ahmadzai tribes led by Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi . The Ahmadzai were able to spearhead the assault after Hezb - e Islam and Haqqania suffered setbacks , and eventually able to capture the city and negotiate the surrender of the garrison resulting in victory on April 11 , 1991 .
Avro 720 The Avro 720 was a planned British single - seat interceptor of the 1950s . It was to be of mixed propulsion , with a rocket engine to give high performance and a small jet engine for cruising flight . At least one prototype was ordered , but the project was cancelled before any were completed . Design and development . In the early 1950s , the British Air Ministry , impressed by the performance of the rocket - powered Messerschmitt Me 163 fighter , and facing the potential threat of Soviet supersonic bombers armed with nuclear weapon s , issued Specification F . 124T for a rocket - powered point - defence interceptor . This was to be of similar concept to the Me 163 , using its rocket to climb rapidly to meet its target , before gliding back to earth , fuel exhausted , to land on a retractable skid . Proposals to meet the specification were received from a number of companies , including Avro , Bristol , Blackburn , Shorts and Saunders - Roe . It was soon realised , however , that a rocket - only fighter with the performance required by the specification , which would have to glide back to ground from heights of up to 100 , 000 ft ( 30 , 500 m ) , land without power many miles away and then be recovered and taken back to the airfield by ground vehicle , was impracticable . Revised specifications were therefore issued to Avro and Saunders - Roe for aircraft with auxiliary turbojet engines , giving sufficient power to allow the aircraft to fly back to its airbase after combat . Avro ' s design , the Avro Type 720 , designed to meet specification F . 173D , was a small tailless delta - wing ed aircraft . It was constructed of metal honeycomb sandwich . The main power - plant was an 8 , 000 lbf ( 36 kN ) Armstrong Siddeley Screamer rocket engine , using liquid oxygen as oxidant and kerosine fuel . This differed from the competing Saunders - Roe SR . 53 , which used a de Havilland Spectre powered by Hydrogen Peroxide and kerosine . Both types used a 1 , 750 lbf ( 7 . 8 kN ) Armstrong - Siddeley Viper as the auxiliary turbojet , with the Avro design fed with air from a small chin inlet under the aircraft ' s nose . Two de Havilland Firestreak Infrared homing air - to - air missile s could be carried on underwing pylons . Two prototypes were ordered , and the Screamer engine successfully completed flight clearance tests in December 1956 . Official concern about the practicality of using liquid oxygen , which boils at - 183 °C ( 90 K ) , in an operational environment led to the Screamer engine being cancelled late in 1956 , together with the Avro 720 . One structural test airframe was part complete at the time of cancellation , and photographs of this airframe , with the port wing fitted and the serial number " XD696 " painted on are sometimes claimed to be the " almost complete " first prototype . The Avro 720 had cost £1 Million by the time of cancellation , while its Screamer powerplant cost a further £0 . 65 million .
Forward - class cruiser The " Forward " class was a two ship class of scout cruiser serving with the Royal Navy in World War I , and consisting of the ships HMS " Forward " and HMS " Foresight " . Design . They were one of four pairs of scouts ordered to a general specification with the exact design left up to the individual builders . The ships were built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company , Govan at a cost of £289 , 000 each . The class was originally designated as " Nore " but this was changed before their construction . Their main disadvantage in action proved to be a lack of range and endurance , having been designed at a time when destroyer operations were planned to take place relatively close to home bases , rather than on long patrols on the open sea . Fairfield ' s original design was criticised by the Admiralty for lacking structural strength and being unrealistic regarding coal consumption . A complete redesign was undertaken but in practise the problem of their lack of range was never satisfactorily addressed . Not long after completion the two additional 12 pounder gun s were added and the 3 pounder gun s were replaced with six 6 pounders . In 1911 - 12 they were reamed with nine guns . They were protected with a armour belt , with one inch plating on the decks , in an effort to reduce their weight and increase their speed . The long ships displaced 2850 tons and produced which gave them a best speed of . Despite this , they were slower than the new destroyers they were planned to lead and increasingly were relegated to other roles . Both ships survived the First World War , but were scrapped shortly after its end .
Platoon sergeant major Platoon sergeant major ( PSM ) was an appointment in the British Army in the short - lived rank of warrant officer class III ( WOIII ) , created in 1938 . The platoon sergeant major , and his cavalry counterpart , the troop sergeant major , were part of an experiment in giving experienced non - commissioned officer s command of units formerly reserved for commissioned officer s ( platoon s and troop s ) . The experiment was not considered a success , and no promotions were made to the rank after 1940 : most existing WOIIIs were commissioned as lieutenant s .
104th Regiment of Foot ( Bengal Fusiliers ) The 104th Regiment of Foot ( Bengal Fusiliers ) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1862 to 1881 , when it was amalgamated into The Royal Munster Fusiliers . The regiment was re - formed by the Honourable East India Company in 1839 as the 2nd Bengal ( European ) Light Infantry from a nucleus of 1st Bengal ( European ) Regiment . In 1848 it served in the Second Sikh War in Punjab . It was renamed in 1850 as the 2nd Bengal ( European ) Fusiliers , and served in the Indian Mutiny of 1857 . As with all other " European " units of the Company , they were placed under the command of the Crown in 1858 , and formally moved into the British Army in 1862 , ranked as the 104th Regiment of Foot ( Bengal Fusiliers ) . The officers of this regiment were drawn from a number of Indian regiments , both majors and six of the twelve captains having served with the 2nd Bengal ( European ) Fusiliers . As part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 , the regiment was amalgamated with the 101st Regiment of Foot ( Royal Bengal Fusiliers ) to form The Royal Munster Fusiliers .
Herbert Cyril Thacker Major - General Herbert Cyril Thacker , ( 16 September 1870 – 2 June 1953 ) was a Canadian soldier and Chief of the General Staff , the head of the Canadian Army from 1927 until 1929 . Military career . Thacker was born the son of Major - General J . Thacker of the Bombay Staff Corps in 1870 in Poona , India . His attended Upper Canada College in Toronto and , in 1887 , he graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada . Commissioned in the Royal Canadian Artillery in 1891 , he conducted survey work in western Canada for the Canadian Pacific Railway . He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1893 . His service in the Second Boer War of 1900 in the Canadian Field Artillery led to the award of the Queen ’ s medal with three clasps . From 1904 to 1905 he had the unique Canadian assignment as a military attaché with the Japanese Army during the Russo - Japanese War but he was joined by other colonials . Along with other Western military attachés , Thacker had two complementary missions - to assist the Japanese and to observe the Japanese forces in the field during the Russo - Japanese War . In 1907 , his appointment as Director of Artillery at Ottawa accompanied a promotion as Commanding Officer of the Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery ( RCGA ) , and he became one of the 65 to live in the Commanding Officers ’ Residence at Royal Artillery Park in Halifax . In 1911 he became Inspector of Coast Defense Artillery . At the outbreak of World War I , Thacker joined the Canadian Expeditionary Forces ( CEF ) , sailing for Europe with the 1st Canadian Division . Thacker went on to command the 2nd Canadian Divisional Artillery from 1914 to 1915 . After General Sir Henry E . Burstall was promoted , Thacker commanded the 1st Canadian Divisional Artillery from September 1915 through the end of World War and the CEF return to Canada . After the war , Thacker was appointed the District Officer Commanding Military District 6 , returning with his family to live at Royal Artillery Park . His career was capped with service as Chief of the General Staff from 1927 to 1929 . Thacker retired from military service in 1929 . He died in Victoria , British Columbia , in June 1953 . Honors . For his service in the Boer War , Thacker was awarded the Queen ' s Medal with three clasps ( 1900 ) . He was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure , Third Class by the Japanese government for his services during the Russo - Japanese War . He also received the Japanese War medal for service during that campaign . For service in World War I , he was made a Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George ( CMG ) in 1916 . Thacker was awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) in 1918 . He was created a Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in 1919 .
RAF Woolfox Lodge Royal Air Force Station Woolfox Lodge is a former RAF aerodrome next to the A1 road in Rutland , UK . The airfield is split between the parishes of Empingham and Greetham . It was open from 1940 until 1965 . History . Woolfox opened as a reserve landing ground for RAF Cottesmore then became a satellite to RAF North Luffenham in October 1941 . Full station status granted from June 1943 . The wartime airfield comprised three tarmac runways and one Type B1 and four T2 aircraft hangars . There was temporary accommodation for 1149 male and 252 female personnel . RAF Woolfox Lodge was used in later years as a relief landing ground but the runways deteriorated to such a degree that the airfield had to be closed to flying by spring 1954 . In 1960 a Bloodhound surface - to - air missile site under No . 62 Squadron was positioned in a secure area adjacent to the A1 road near the former technical site . Current use . The site is now used for agriculture and employment purposes .
805th Tank Destroyer Battalion The 805th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War . The battalion was formed from the 105th Antitank Battalion on 15 December 1941 , in line with the reorganization of the anti - tank force . It was shipped to the United Kingdom in August 1942 , and then deployed for the North African Campaign in January 1943 , equipped with M3 GMC tank destroyers . It was attached briefly to the 34th Infantry Division , then attached to the 1st Armored Division on 20 February , just in time to see action at the Battle of the Kasserine Pass , where it took heavy losses . On 23 March , equipped with the new M10 Wolverine , it fought at the Battle of El Guettar In October 1943 it converted to a towed battalion equipped with 3 " anti - tank guns , and was shipped to Italy , arriving in the Naples area on 25 October – the first 3 " towed battalion to see combat . It was attached to the 34th Infantry Division in January 1944 , and supported the division in fighting on the Bernhardt Line and at Monte Cassino , before being shipped to the Anzio beachhead in mid - March and attached to the 36th Infantry Division . In June , it was attached to the 1st Armored Division . It re - equipped with M18 Hellcat s in the summer of 1944 , but continue to be used mainly for indirect - fire missions through the remainder of the war , attached to a variety of different units during the drive north . On 21 April 1945 , they were attached to the 34th Infantry Division when it captured Bologna , and with the 88th Infantry Division when it reached the Brenner Pass in early May .
Appellplatz Appellplatz ( often spelt " appelplatz " ) is a compound German word meaning " roll call " ( " Appell " ) and " area " or " place " ( " Platz " ) . In English , the word is generally used to describe the location for the daily roll calls in Nazi concentration camps . Concentration camp usage . Roll calls were a more than daily part of the regimen in Nazi concentration camps . The first was at 4 : 00 in the morning . All prisoners were made to line up in rows and be counted early in the morning and again at night , even those who had died in the interim . The roll calls were held here every day , regardless of snow , pouring rain or any other foul weather . The purpose of the roll calls was to count the prisoners , but also to inspect , humiliate , and intimidate them . Sometimes they would be chosen for death if not healthy anymore . " Selektion s " were also sometimes made during roll calls . There were harsh reprisals for anyone who was late or did not remain perfectly still during the roll call . Reprisals included beatings and death . Prisoners were made to stand at attention for the entire process of counting thousands of prisoners , which sometimes had to be done more than once , if a mistake was made . Prisoners had thin uniforms and were made to stand for roll calls year round , regardless of the weather or temperature . Some people died during the roll call .
VIII Reserve Corps ( German Empire ) The VIII Reserve Corps ( ) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I . Formation . VIII Reserve Corps was formed on the outbreak of the war in August 1914 as part of the mobilisation of the Army . It was initially commanded by General der Infanterie Wilhelm Freiherr von Egloffstein . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 7th Army , " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " on the Western Front . Structure on formation . On formation in August 1914 , VIII Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions , made up of reserve units . In general , Reserve Corps and Reserve Divisions were weaker than their active counterparts In summary , VIII Reserve Corps mobilised with 21 infantry battalions , 4 machine gun companies ( 24 machine guns ) , 6 cavalry squadrons , 12 field artillery batteries ( 72 guns ) and 3 pioneer companies . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , VIII Reserve Corps was assigned to the 4th Army forming part of the centre of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . Commanders . VIII Reserve Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Louis P . Harvey Louis Powell Harvey ( July 22 , 1820 – April 19 , 1862 ) was an American politician and the seventh Governor of Wisconsin . Harvey was born in East Haddam , Connecticut , moving with his family to Ohio in 1828 . He attended Western Reserve College and Preparatory School and worked as a teacher for a time , and eventually moved to Kenosha , Wisconsin , then named Southport , where he founded an academy . In Southport he associated with the Whig Party and edited a Whig newspaper , the " Southport American " ( 1843 – 1846 ) . In 1847 , Harvey married Cordelia Perrine and they moved to Clinton in Rock County , Wisconsin , then to the nearby hamlet of Shopiere . He helped organize the Republican Party and was a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Senate from 1854 to 1858 , Wisconsin Secretary of State from 1860 to 1862 , and finally Wisconsin ' s governor in 1862 . In April 1862 , having served only a few months as governor , Harvey organized an expedition to bring medical supplies to Wisconsin troops , wounded in the Battle of Shiloh , who were being cared for in hospital boats on the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers . Harvey visited and cheered troops at Cairo , Illinois , Mound City , Illinois and Paducah , Kentucky . Close to Shiloh , he stopped overnight near Savannah , Tennessee . Late that evening , while trying to step from a tethered boat to a moving steamboat headed back north ( a common but dangerous practice ) , Harvey fell into the Tennessee River and drowned , despite the strenuous rescue efforts of members of his party . His body was found 14 days later , 65 miles downstream ; his remains lay in state in the Wisconsin State Capitol , and he was buried in Forest Hill Cemetery , in Madison . His wife Cordelia became a leading war nurse , honored with the rank of Colonel by Abraham Lincoln . She subsequently established veterans hospitals in Wisconsin , away from the war front , and a soldiers ' orphans home . Lieutenant Governor Edward Salomon succeeded Harvey .
Arnulf Hölzerkopf Arnulf Hölzerkopf ( 31 January 1909 – 11 August 1944 ) was a Fregattenkapitän with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .