naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars continued from , with France fighting the First Coalition . On 14 February , British admiral Jervis met and defeated a Spanish fleet off Portugal at the Battle of Cape St . Vincent . This prevented the Spanish fleet from rendezvousing with the French , removing a threat of invasion to Britain . However , the British fleet was weakened over the rest of the year by the Spithead and Nore mutinies , which kept many ships in port through the summer . On 22 February French invasion force consisting of 1 , 400 troops from the " La Legion Noire " ( The Black Legion ) under the command of Irish American Colonel William Tate landed near Fishguard ( Wales ) . They were met by a quickly assembled group of around 500 British reservists , militia and sailors under the command of John Campbell , 1st Baron Cawdor . After brief clashes with the local civilian population and Lord Cawdor ' s forces on 23 February , Tate was forced into an unconditional surrender by 24 February . In Italy , Napoleon Bonaparte ' s armies were laying siege to Mantua at the beginning of the year , and a second attempt by Austrians under Joseph Alvinczy to raise the siege was driven off at the Battle of Rivoli . Finally , on 2 February , Wurmser surrendered Mantua and 18 , 000 troops . The Papal forces sued for peace , which was granted at Tolentino on 19 February . Napoleon was now free to attack the Austrian heartland . He advanced directly toward Austria over the Julian Alps , sending Barthélemy Joubert to invade the Tyrol . Archduke Charles of Austria hurried from the German front to defend Austria , but he was defeated at the Tagliamento on 16 March , and Napoleon proceeded into Austria , occupying Klagenfurt and preparing for a rendezvous with Joubert in front of Vienna . In Germany , the armies of Hoche and Moreau crossed the Rhine again in April after the previous year ' s failure . The victories of Napoleon had frightened the Austrians into making peace , and they concluded the Peace of Leoben in April , ending hostilities . However , his absence from Italy had allowed the outbreak of the revolt known as the Veronese Easters on 17 April , which was put down eight days later . Although Britain remained at war with France , this effectively ended the First Coalition . Austria later signed the Treaty of Campo Formio , ceding the Austrian Netherlands to France and recognizing the French border at the Rhine . Austria and France also partitioned Venice between them .
121 Squadron , Republic of Singapore Air Force The 121 Squadron " Brahminy Kite " ( " Gannet " before 1994 ) of the Republic of Singapore Air Force ( RSAF ) currently operates the Fokker F - 50 Utility Aircraft ( UTA ) and Maritime Patrol Aircraft ( MPA ) based at Changi Airbase ( West ) . The squadron goes by the motto of " " Seek and Destroy " " and the mascot is the Brahminy Kite . History . Set up in 1973 with the commissioning of the SH 7 Skyvan into the service of SADC . In 1993 , the squadron found a new chapter to their successful career when they began operating the Fokker F - 50 MPA and UTL . With this move , the squadron ' s mascot was changed from the Gannet to the Brahminy Kite , which is also reflected as the current centerpiece of the squadron ' s crest . As of September 2008 , the Squadron has maintain an impressive safety record of over 124 , 000 accident - free flying hours , spanning a period of 35 years since the squadron ' s inception . Roles and Missions . The primary role of the F - 50 ' s is to provide dedicated wide area maritime air surveillance for search and resource operations , aeromedical evacuations and the transportation of personnel . The 121Sqn is unique in the RSAF , it is the first RSAF squadron to be crewed by both RSAF and RSN personnels as the pilots are drawn from the RSAF while the equipment / system specialists are from the RSN . As such , the F - 50 MPA is part of a MINDEF system that comprises both Republic of Singapore Air Force and Republic of Singapore Navy assets that are capable of operations in tandem for seeking out and destroying a naval surface or sub - surface target , they can be quickly re - armed with the Harpoon Anti - ship missiles or EuroTorp A244 / S ASW torpedoes as and when they are required to . The squadron covers a wide spectrum of operations round the clock . These include Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief ( HADR ) efforts such as Operations Flying Eagle in the aftermath of the Asian Tsunami in December 2004 , regular patrols of Singapore ’ s Sea Lines of Communication as well as participation in the Malacca Straits “ Eyes - in - the - Sky ” Joint Air Patrol with Indonesia and Malaysia . SAF award . Also , the squadron has won the Best Tactical Support Squadron award ( Singapore Armed Forces Best Unit Competition ) for the fourth time in 2008 ; its past achievements being in 1997 , 2002 and 2003 .
No . 10 Squadron SLAF No . 10 " Fighter " Squadron is a squadron of the Sri Lanka Air Force . It currently operates the IAI Kfir from SLAF Katunayake . The squadron is tasked with providing offensive support for ground & maritime ( anti - shipping ) operations , air interdiction and interception . It specializes in high altitude precision ground attacks . History . The squadron was formed on January 5 , 1996 at the SLAF Katunayake with six IAI Kfir multi - role fighter jets acquired from Israel , with US State Department approval . These included five C2 types and a TC . 2 type trainer . At its formation the squadron had six pilots , four engineers and 70 technicians along with the six aircraft . In 2000 , the squadron received eight more Kfirs that included C7 types and another trainer . On November 2 , 2007 the Sri Lankan Air Force claimed that aircraft from the squadron killed the LTTE ’ s Political Wing Leader S . P . Thamilselvan and a group of LTTE cadres in an air raid . During the last phase of the war it maintained units at SLAF China Bay . In March 2009 , the squadron was presented with the President ’ s Colours . Aircraft operated . Year of introduction
Château de Vernègues The Château de Vernègues is a ruined castle in the " commune " of Vernègues in the Bouches - du - Rhône " département " of France . History . The village of Vernègues developed in the 8th century when , according to ancient maps , there were two hill top fortifications , the " Castrum de Avallone " and the " Castrum Alvernicum " . The latter , constructed on a rocky escarpment , became Vernègues and its medieval castle . On the evening of 11 June 1909 , the Lambesc earthquake ( magnitude 6 on the Richter scale ) shook the region and destroyed practically all of the castle and the old village that had developed around it . Today , ruins on the south flank of the plateau are witness to the severity of the earthquake . The castle is the property of the commune . It has been listed since 1934 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
List of established military terms This is a list of established military terms which have been in use for at least 50 years . Technology has changed so not all of them are in current use , or they may have been superseded by more modern ones . However they are still in current use in articles about previous military periods . Some of them like " camouflet " have been adapted to describe modern versions of old techniques . Organisational . Judicial . Safe - guard , in military affairs , a protection granted by a prince or general , for some of the enemy ' s lands , houses , persons , & c . to preserve them from being insulted or plundered . Land . Doctrinal . These terms are used for talking about how armed forces are used . Many of the terms below can be applied to combat in other environments although most often used in reference to land warfare . Ordnance . These terms are used in identification of means of combat to inflict damage on the opponent . Edged . Weapons that are used to inflict damage through cutting or stabbing . Projectile munitions . Munitions are ordnances that inflict damage through impact . Individual . Firearms Artillery . Crew - served , non - vehicle mounted weapons . Guns Explosives . Explosives comprise ordnance that causes damage through release of force . Incendiary . Incendiary ordnance causes damage through release of heat . Naval . Arms and services . These terms are used for combat arms and supporting services of armed forces used in naval warfare . Doctrinal . Describes terms used for talking about how naval armed forces are used . Air . Arms and services . These terms are used for combat arms and supporting services of armed forces used in air warfare . Doctrinal . These terms are used for talking about how aviation armed forces are used .
Italian torpedo boat Albatros Albatros was a torpedo boat of the Regia Marina which served in World War II . She fought in the Mediterranean Sea and was sunk by in 1941 . " Albatros " was the first project to create a specialised antisubmarine vessel . In 1939 became the first italian ship with a sonar ( ecogoniometro in italian ) . Service . After being fired upon by the British submarine on 16 July 1940 , " Albatros " counter - attacked with depth charges and destroyed her . She was torpedoed and sunk by the British U - class submarine on 27 September 1941 .
39th Division ( United Kingdom ) The 39th Division of the British Army was a New Army division , which saw service on the Western Front and in Italy during the First World War . The division was formed as part of the fifth wave ( K5 ) of divisions in the New Army ; it did not have a regional title , but was composed primarily of recruits from the Midlands , London , and the south of England . Several of its battalions had been raised by local communities , and were named for their towns or industries . After training and home service , it deployed to the Western Front in early 1916 , and fought in the Battle of the Somme . The following year , it saw action at the Third Battle of Ypres , and in 1918 took heavy losses in the German Spring Offensive . Following near - destruction at the Battle of the Lys , the division was reduced to a cadre , which spent the remainder of the war training newly arrived American units . The division demobilised after the Armistice , and had ceased to exist by July 1919 . The division was not reformed after the war , and did not serve in the Second World War .
HMAS Kuttabul ( ship ) HMAS " Kuttabul " was a Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) depot ship , and former Sydney harbour ferry . During the Japanese midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour on 31 May 1942 , " Kuttabul " was torpedoed and sunk , with 21 Commonwealth naval personnel aboard . Design and construction . " Kuttabul " originated as a steam - powered ferry , built in 1922 by the Walsh Island Dockyard and Engineering Works in Newcastle , New South Wales . " Kuttabul " was rated at 448 gross and 201 net tonnes ( 1269 and 569 m³ ) , was long , with a beam of , and capable of seating approximately 2 , 250 passengers . " Kuttabul " and identical sister ship " Koompartoo " were the largest ferries ever operated on the inner harbour ferry routes , however " Kuttabul " had a larger passenger capacity ( 2250 ) than " Koompartoo " ( 2089 ) . Both ferries were of steel construction with a wooden superstructure . Both vessels were constructed with 18 watertight compartments , regarded as being unsinkable and therefore were not required to carry lifebelts . Operational history . Sydney Ferries . " Kuttabul " spent most of its life as a double - ended Sydney suburban ferry , carrying passengers across Sydney Harbour , linking the downtown ferry terminal at Circular Quay with various suburban ferry wharves , but especially the heavy route between the Quay and Milsons Point . Made redundant by the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932 , " Kuttabul " and " Koompartoo " were laid up , but were later made available for tourist cruises on the harbour . RAN . After the outbreak of World War II , " Kuttabul " was requisitioned by the RAN , and moored at the Garden Island naval base to provide accommodation for Allied naval personnel while they awaited transfer to their ships . On the night of 31 May - 1 June 1942 , three " Ko - hyoteki " class midget submarine s of the Imperial Japanese Navy entered Sydney Harbour with the intention of attacking Allied warships . Only one of the submarines , designated " M - 24 " , was able to fire her torpedoes , but both missed their intended target : the heavy cruiser . The torpedoes , fired around 00 : 30 , continued on to Garden Island : one ran aground harmlessly , but the other hit the breakwater against which " Kuttabul " and the Dutch submarine " K - IX " were moored . The explosion broke " Kuttabul " in two and sank her , The attack killed 19 Royal Australian Navy and two Royal Navy sailors asleep aboard the ferry , and wounded another 10 . It took several days for the bodies of the dead sailors to be recovered , with a burial ceremony held on 3 June . One of the ferry ' s wheelhouses was salvaged and used as a naval police guardhouse at the Garden Island naval base ; the base was commissioned on 1 January 1943 as the stone frigate in commemoration of the ferry and the lives lost . The wheelhouse later came into the possession of the Australian War Memorial , and is on display alongside a composite submarine built from the wreckage of two of the Japanese midget submarines . External links .
1973 in the Vietnam War Right Honourable Sir Paul Meernaa Caedwalla Hasluck , KG , GCMG , GCVO proclaimed the cessation of hostilities in Vietnam by Australian Forces . Former U . S . president Lyndon B . Johnson whose presidency was marred by the War , died . The Paris Peace Accords of 1973 , intended to establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the Vietnam War , ended direct U . S . military involvement and temporarily stopped the fighting between north and south . The governments of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( North Vietnam ) , the Republic of Vietnam ( South Vietnam ) , and the United States , as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government ( PRG ) that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries signed the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam on January 27 , 1973 . Operation Homecoming was a series of diplomatic negotiations that in January 1973 made possible the return of 591 American prisoners of war held by North Vietnam . Starting on February 12 , 1973 , three C - 141A transports flew to Hanoi , North Vietnam , and one C - 9A aircraft was sent to Saigon , South Vietnam to pick up released prisoners of war . The first flight of 40 U . S . prisoners of war left Hanoi in a C - 141A , later known as the " Hanoi Taxi " and now in a museum . From February 12 to April 4 , there were 54 C - 141 missions flying out of Hanoi , bringing the former POWs home . March . All South Korean troops leave South Vietnam . All American combat troops leave Vietnam as per the Paris Peace Accords . A small contingent stays to provide protection duties at the American embassy in Saigon . The Case - Church Amendment was legislation approved by the U . S . Congress and signed into law on 1973 that prohibited further U . S . military activity in Vietnam , Laos and Cambodia . This ended direct U . S . military involvement in the Vietnam War , although the U . S . continued to provide military equipment and economic support to the South Vietnamese government . July . Operation End Sweep was a U . S . Navy operation to remove the naval mines from Haiphong harbor in North Vietnam in July 1973 . This action was done in favor of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam , abiding to the Paris Peace Accord . The last bombing by American planes anywhere in Indochina takes place when B - 52 s strike a target in Cambodia . The War Powers Resolution of 1973 ( 50 U . S . C . 1541 – 1548 ) was a United States Congress joint resolution providing that the President can send U . S . armed forces into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if the United States is already under attack or serious threat . The War Powers Resolution requires the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action and forbids armed forces from remaining for more than 60 days , with a further 30 day withdrawal period , without an authorization of the use of military force or a declaration of war . The resolution was passed by two - thirds of Congress , overriding a presidential veto .
Ange Hyacinthe Maxence , baron de Damas Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas de Cormaillon , baron de Damas ( Paris , 30 September 1785Paris , 6 May 1862 ) , was a French general and Minister . Early life . After his father Charles ' s death at Quiberon , Maxence de Damas , maternally a great - grandson of the Irish war hero General Sarsfield , was led by his uncle the Duke of Richelieu , who presented him to Czar Paul I to join the military cadet school in Saint Petersburg . He began a distinguished military career in the service of Czar Alexander . He participated in the European campaigns against the armies of Napoleon and entered Paris . At the request of Louis XVIII , Maxence de Damas began a new military career in France . Military and political career in France . He was appointed lieutenant general in 1815 and given command of the 8th division Marseille . After having pacified the South , he commanded the 9th Division in Spain , he received the surrender of Figuières . He was made a Peer of France in 1823 . He became Minister of War in 1823 , designed the Act of 1824 , which emphasized commitment to the number , competence through training and length of service . In 1824 , the king asked him to replace François - René de Chateaubriand as Minister of Foreign Affairs . He managed to solve the crisis in Spain and Portugal , and Greece with the Ottoman empire , and ordered an archaeological expedition on the Euphrates , which will update the City of Ur and the splendors of Khorsabad . He negotiated with the Republic of Santo Domingo for compensation of the French . From 1828 he tutored the Duke of Bordeaux ( future " Henry V " ) . After the July Revolution ( 1830 ) , he accompanied the Dauphin and Charles X into exile . By his marriage with Charlotte Laure de Hautefort , daughter of Julie Alix de Choiseul - Praslin , he became owner of the Château de Sainte - Suzanne ( Mayenne ) 10 May 1822 ; he sold the château on 30 December 1855 . Later life . The baron de Damas returned to France in 1833 and retired to his wife ' s castle , Hautefort . He began his ultimate career dedicated to social works , manager of the hospice Hautefort , creating the first local " social security " , promoting agriculture through the introduction of a loan of honor , and writing his memoirs . Baron de Damas ( born in Paris September 30 , 1785 , died in Paris May 6 , 1862 , Lieutenant General in 1815 , even of France in 1823 , Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1824 to 1828 , governor of the Duke of Bordeaux in 1828 , an exile with Charles X in 1830 , then retired to Hautefort in 1833 , where he wrote his memoirs ) , and the body of his wife , born Sigismonde Charlotte Laure de Hautefort ( born in Paris July 2 , 1799 , died September 10 , 1847 , daughter of Amédée Louis Frédéric , comte de Hautefort , and of Julie Alix de Choiseul - Praslin )
Springfield National Cemetery Springfield National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Springfield , in Greene County , Missouri . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , had 14 , 685 interments . History . Established in 1867 as a place to inter only Civil War Confederate { This article should say that it was started for only UNION soldiers , not Confederate soldiers . } soldiers , many of whom died at the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek . It has since been expanded and opened to all veterans . Springfield National Cemetery now has the interred remains of soldiers from wars dating back to the Revolutionary War . The cemetery lends its name to National Avenue in Springfield , which formerly passed by the cemetery prior to the southern expansion of the city decades ago .
John Laver Mather Cooper John Cooper ( July 24 , 1828 – August 22 , 1891 ) ( born as John Laver Mather Cooper ) was a member of the United States Navy . He is one of only nineteen people who have received the Medal of Honor twice and one of only fourteen to receive the Medal of Honor for two distinct events . His first such award came about because of his actions aboard the during the Battle of Mobile Bay , August 5 , 1864 . The second award was a result of an accidental fire in which Cooper advanced through the burning area in order to rescue a wounded man from certain death on April 26 , 1865 . He was buried at Cypress Hills National Cemetery , Section 2 , Grave 7410 , in Brooklyn , New York . Medal of Honor citations . Rank and organization : Coxswain , U . S . Navy . Born : 1832 , Ireland . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 45 , December 31 , 1864 . Second award . First award . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Brooklyn during action against rebel forts and gunboats and with the ram Tennessee , in Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Despite severe damage to his ship and the loss of several men on board as enemy fire raked her decks from stem to stern , Cooper fought his gun with skill and courage throughout the furious battle which resulted in the surrender of the prize rebel ram Tennessee and in the damaging and destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan . Second award . G . O . No . : 62 , June 29 , 1865 . Citation : Served as quartermaster on Acting Rear Admiral Thatcher ' s staff . During the terrific fire at Mobile , on 26 April 1865 , at the risk of being blown to pieces by exploding shells , Cooper advanced through the burning locality , rescued a wounded man from certain death , and bore him on his back to a place of safety .
USS Cinnamon ( AN - 50 ) USS " Cinnamon " ( AN - 50 / YN - 69 ) was an which served with the U . S . Navy in the South Pacific Ocean theatre of operations during World War II . Her career was without major incident , and she returned home after the war bearing one battle star to her credit . Launched in California . " Cinnamon " ( YN - 69 ) was launched 6 June 1943 as " Royal Palm " by Pollack - Stockton Shipbuilding Company , Stockton , California ; sponsored by Mrs . E . R . Ward ; renamed " Cinnamon " 7 December 1943 ; and commissioned 10 January 1944 , Lieutenant Commander J . H . Russell , USNR , in command . She was reclassified " AN - 50 " on 20 January 1944 . World War II service . Departing San Diego , California , 6 April 1944 , " Cinnamon " arrived at Milne Bay , New Guinea , 18 May . She supported operations in the New Guinea area until 17 January 1945 when she sailed to Manus and the Philippines , where she remained until 17 November . Post - war service . She sailed for San Francisco , California , arriving 22 December , and from 8 January to 15 November 1946 , " Cinnamon " operated under Commandant , 11th Naval District out of San Pedro , California . Arriving at Pearl Harbor 25 November 1946 , she departed 21 January 1947 and sailed via Wake Island and Guam to Shanghai , arriving 15 March . Decommissioning in China . " Cinnamon " was decommissioned 25 March 1947 and transferred to Nationalist China through the U . S . State Department . Honors and awards . " Cinnamon " was awarded one battle star for service in World War II .