naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thomas Brodrick ( Royal Navy officer ) Thomas Brodrick ( died 1 January 1769 ) , was an officer of the Royal Navy during the War of the Austrian Succession , the War of Jenkins ' Ear and the Seven Years ' War . Life . Brodrick entered the navy about 1723 . In 1739 he was a lieutenant of , Admiral Edward Vernon ' s flagship at the Battle of Porto Bello , and commanded the landing party which stormed the Castillo de Fierro . In recompense for his brilliant conduct Vernon promoted him to the command of the fireship , in which he in 1741 took part in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias . On 25 March he was posted into the frigate , and continued actively employed during the rest of that campaign , and afterwards in the expedition to Cuba . After other service he returned to England in 1743 , and early in the following year was appointed to the 60 - gun . In March of the following year he was appointed to , which was sent out to the Leeward Islands , and continued there until after the peace in 1748 . In May 1756 Brodrick was sent out to the Mediterranean in command of reinforcements for Admiral John Byng , whom he joined at Gibraltar just before the admiral was ordered home under arrest . He had meantime been advanced to be rear - admiral , in which rank he served under Sir Edward Hawke until towards the close of the year , when the fleet returned home . In January 1757 he was a member of the court - martial on Admiral Byng ; and was afterwards , with his flag in , third in command in the expedition against Rochefort . Early in 1758 Brodrick was appointed as second in command in the Mediterranean , with his flag on board the 90 - gun HMS " Prince George " . On 13 April , being then off Ushant , the " Prince George " caught fire , and out of a complement of nearly 800 , some 250 only were saved ; the admiral himself was picked up , stark naked , by a merchant - ship ' s boat , after he had been swimming for about an hour . Brodrick and the survivors of his ship ' s company were taken by to Gibraltar , where he hoisted his flag in HMS " St George " . In the following February he was promoted to be vice - admiral , and was shortly afterwards superseded by Admiral Edward Boscawen , under whom he commanded during the blockade of Toulon , and in the action of 18 – 19 August , culminating in the burning or capture of the French ships in Lagos Bay . When Boscawen returned to England , Brodrick blockaded the French ships at Cadiz so closely , that even the friendly Spaniards could not resist making them the subject of insolent ridicule . They are said to have stuck up a notice in some such terms as " For sale , eight French men - of - war . For particulars apply to Vice - admiral Brodrick " . The French ships did not stir out till the passage was cleared for them by a gale of wind , which compelled the blockading squadron to put into Gibraltar . Brodrick then returned to England . He had no further employment , and died 1 January 1769 of cancer in the face .
Charles Higby Charles Higby ( 1841 – February 19 , 1903 ) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions during the Appomattox Campaign . Biography . Born in 1841 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , Higby was living in nearby New Brighton when he enlisted in the Union Army in August 1862 . He served as a private in Company F of the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry during the Appomattox Campaign , which took place from March 29 to April 9 , 1865 , in Virginia . For his conduct in this campaign , he received the Medal of Honor a month later , on May 3 , 1865 . His official citation reads simply : " Capture of flag " . After the war , Higby returned to New Brighton before settling in Oklahoma . He died on February 19 , 1903 , at age 61 or 62 and was buried in McLoud , Oklahoma . Higby ' s Medal of Honor is owned by his extended family and is on loan to the Soldiers and Sailors National Military Museum and Memorial in Pittsburgh .
Chota Nagpur Regiment The Chota Nagpur Regiment was raised in 1891 as the Chota Nagpore Mounted Rifles and formed part of the Cavalry Reserve in the British Indian Army . It was renamed the Chota Nagpur Light Cavalry in 1910 then the Chota Nagpur Regiment in 1917 . The regiment was disbanded subsequent to India ' s independence in 1947 . A light horse regiment was roughly equivalent to a battalion in strength ( ~ 400 men ) and its troops typically fought as mounted infantry rather than traditional cavalry .
Semyon Trofimovich Bychkov Semyon Trofimovich Bychkov ( , 15 May 1918 — 4 November 1946 ) was a Soviet military pilot during World War II . He served first in Soviet Air Forces , where he downed seventeen German aircraft , then on the opposite side . Bychkov co - founded the 1st Aircraft Regiment of the Committee of Liberation Movement of People of Russia , under the auspices of Russian Liberation Army ( ROA ) and was awarded the German Ostvolk Medal 2nd class with swords . In April 1945 Bychkov surrendered to the Third United States Army , but was handed back to the Soviets , who executed him by shooting . On March 21 , 1947 Bychkov was posthumously stripped of all Soviet awards . Life . Bychkov was born in the village of Petrovka , Voronezh Oblast . In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army and detached to aviation . Bychkov graduated from Borisoglebsk Red Banner Flying School and continued his education in the 12th Reserve Aircraft Regiment . He fought at the Western and Northwestern Front of the Eastern Theatre of World War II . In July 1942 Bychkov was sentenced by a military tribunal to five years in a labor camp for a crash . On October 1 the War Council lifted the sentence and Bychkov continued his service . By August , 1943 he had participated in sixty air combats and downed seventeen German aircraft . on 2 September 2 , 1943 he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union . On 10 December 1943 Bychkov was downed by anti - aircraft fire and captured in an unconscious state . After recovering in a German hospital Bychkov was sent to a camp for imprisoned pilots in Suwałki . In 1944 he agreed to collaborate with the Germans and Bychkov co - founded the 1st Aircraft Regiment of the Committee of Liberation Movement of People of Russia , under the auspices of Russian Liberation Army ( ROA ) and was awarded the German Ostvolk Medal 2nd class with swords . Bychkov then participated in anti - guerrilla warfare around Dvinsk and became the chief of night - time bombing in the ROA . At the end of the war , together with other members of Vlasov ' s army , Bychkov surrendered to the 12th Corps of the American 3rd Army . In September he was transferred from Cherbourg and handed over to the Soviets . On 24 August 1946 Bychkov was charged by the tribunal of Moscow Military District and sentenced to death . The next day Bychkov submitted an appeal for pardon , but it was rejected and the sentence was executed on 4 November of the same year . On 21 March 1947 he was posthumously stripped of all honors that had been awarded to him by the Soviet Union .
Mamo Tower Mamo Tower is a fortification on the island of Malta . It stands on rising ground above St Thomas Bay on the east shore of Malta . The Mamo family built the tower in 1657 , as a fortified residence . In 1940 the British Military requisitioned the tower and used it as a Regional Headquarters . In support of this role , they constructed a pillbox on the roof . After World War II it was again a private house until 1987 , when the poor condition of the building rendered it unsuitable for habitation . Subsequently the Din l - Art Helwa ( Malta Historical Trust ) acquired the building and made substantial repairs . Presently it houses an exhibition on the history of fishing in Malta . Coordinates :
Arintharat 26 Arintharat 26 is a SWAT team of the Royal Thai Police . Introduction . Like the SWAT teams of other country , the squad specializes in hostage rescue , counter - terrorism , serving high risk arrest and search warrants ; subduing barricaded suspects ; and engaging heavily - armed criminals . Equipment . Arintharat 26 officers are often equipped with specialized firearms including the Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns , M16 assault rifles , Remington 870 breaching shotguns , riot control agents , stun grenades , sniper rifles and other necessary weapons . They have specialized equipment including heavy body armor , ballistic shields , entry tools , armored vehicles , advanced night vision optics , and motion detectors for covertly determining the positions of hostages or hostage takers inside enclosed structures .
Bedford OXA The Bedford OXA was serial built British heavy armoured car made during World War II by mounting an armoured body onto a Bedford OXD 30cwt ( 1 . 5 ton ) truck chassis . 948 units were built in 1940 – 1941 . The vehicle was used by regular units in 1940 and British Home Guard units until 1942 . Its official designation was " Lorry 30cwt Anti - Tank " . Its Anti - tank weapon was a Boys anti - tank rifle .
Fokker V . 6 The Fokker V . 6 was a prototype fighter triplane developed in Germany during World War I in parallel with the V . 5 , from which the famous Dr . I was developed . The V . 6 was powered by an 89 kW ( 120 hp ) Mercedes D . II liquid - cooled engine . The heavier engine required larger wings , with the lower wing being placed just below the fuselage . A modification to add fairings to the lower wing fuselage junction was implemented after the first tests . The V . 6 was abandoned in October 1917 due to being inferior in maneuverability to the newer Dr . I .
Gilbert M . Woodward Gilbert Motier Woodward ( December 25 , 1835 – March 13 , 1913 ) was a U . S . Representative from Wisconsin . Early life . Woodward was born December 25 , 1835 in Washington , D . C . , and was educated in the common schools . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1861 and commenced practice in La Crosse , Wisconsin , in February 1860 . Civil War . He served more than three years in the Union Army during the Civil War as a private , first sergeant , second lieutenant , first lieutenant , and adjutant in the Second Regiment , Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry of the Iron Brigade . Postbellum . After the war he served as district attorney of La Crosse County from 1866 to 1873 , and as mayor in 1874 and 1875 , and was the City attorney from 1876 to 1882 . Woodward was elected as a member of the Democratic Party to the Forty - eighth Congress ( March 4 , 1883 – March 3 , 1885 ) . He represented Wisconsin ' s 7th congressional district . He was an unsuccessful for reelection in 1884 to the Forty - ninth Congress . After leaving office he resumed the practice of law in La Crosse , Wisconsin and was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Wisconsin in 1886 . He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1888 . He died in La Crosse , Wisconsin on March 13 , 1913 and is buried in Oak Grove Cemetery .
Gaius Veturius Geminus Cicurinus Gaius Vetusius Geminus Cicurinus A . K . A . Publius Vetusius Geminus Cicurinus ( Latin " Publius ( also Gaius , Lucius ) Veturius Geminus Cicurinus " ) was a Roman Republican politician during the beginning of the 5th century BC . He served as Consul of Rome in 499 BC together with Titus Aebutius Elva . He was a member of the patrician class and of the Veturia gens . During his year as consul , the Romans laid siege to the Chameria city of Fidenae which was taken successfully . During this year , the Latins also announced their succession from Rome . According to Titus Livius ( II , 19 ) , his prenomen is Caius , but according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus , he was known as " Publius " . In fact it does appear that " Publius " is more likely his correct name as P . Veturius was one of the first quaestors and was likely the same person as the consul of 499 BC . His cognomen , " Geminus " brings attention to his ( presumed ) twin brother Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus who was himself consul in 494 BC .
Battle of Löbau Battle of Löbau or Lubov was a medieval battle fought between the Teutonic Order and Prussians in 1263 during the Great Prussian Uprising . Pagan Prussians rose against their conquerors , who tried to convert them to Christianity , after Lithuanians and Samogitians soundly defeated the joint forces of the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order in the Battle of Durbe in 1260 . The first years of the uprising were successful to Prussians , who defeated the Knights in the Battle of Pokarwis and besieged castles held by the Knights . The Prussians launched raids in Kulmer Land , where the Knights first established themselves in late 1220s . Apparent aim of these raids were to force the Knights to devote as many troops in defense of Culm ( Chełmno ) as possible so that they could not provide help to the besieged castles and forts . In 1263 the Natangians led by Herkus Monte raided Kulmer Land and took many prisoners . Master Helmrich von Rechenberg , who was at Culm at the time , collected his men and pursued the Natangians , who could not move quickly due to a large number of captives . The Teutonic Knights intercepted the pagans near Löbau ( Lubawa ) . Their heavy warhorses smashed Natangian formation , but Herkus Monte with trusted warriors attacked and killed the Master Helmrich and Marshal Dietrich . Leaderless knights were defeated , and forty knights perished along with a number of low - ranking soldiers . In terms of killed knights , it was the sixth largest defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century . After the battle it looked like the Prussians might win the uprising , but because of their infighting between numerous clans they did not seize the opportunity to strike the final devastating blow . Instead individual clans continued to act on their own .
Conscription in the Russian Empire Conscription in the Russian Empire was introduced by Peter I of Russia . The conscripts to the Imperial Russian Army were called " recruit s " in Russia ( not to be confused with voluntary recruitment ) , which did not appear until the early 20th century . The system was called " recruit obligation " . Russian tsar s before Peter maintained professional hereditary musketeer corps ( streltsy in Russian ) that were highly unreliable and undisciplined . In times of war the armed forces were augmented by peasants . Peter I introduced a modern regular army built on German model , but with a new aspect : officers not necessarily from nobility , as talented commoners were given promotions that eventually included a noble title at the attainment of an officer ' s rank . Conscription of peasants and townspeople was based on quota system , per settlement . Initially it was based on the number of households , later it was based on the population numbers . The term of service in 18th century was for life . In 1793 it was reduced to 25 years . In 1834 it was reduced to 20 years plus 5 years in reserve and in 1855 to 12 years plus 3 years of reserve . After the Russian defeat in the Crimean War during the reign of Alexander II , the Minister of War Dmitry Milyutin introduced a military reform , with its draft presented in 1862 . As part of the reform , on January 1 , 1874 , the statute about conscription was approved by tsar by which the military service was made compulsory to all males of age 20 and the term was reduced for land army to 6 years plus 9 years in reserve . This conscription created a large pool of military reserve ready to be mobilized in the case of war , while permitting a smaller active army during the peace time . Only sons were not regularly conscripted to the army .
Zone rouge The Zone rouge ( French for " Red Zone " ) is the name given to about of land in northeastern France that was physically and environmentally destroyed during the First World War . Because of hundreds of thousands of human and animal corpses and millions of unexploded ordnance that contaminated the land , some activities in the area such as housing , farming or forestry , were temporarily or permanently forbidden after the war by French law . Some towns were never permitted to be rebuilt . Restrictions in the " zone rouge " still exist today although the controlled areas have been greatly reduced . External links .
2nd Mountain Infantry Division Sforzesca The 2nd Mountain Infantry Division Sforzesca was an Infantry Division of the Italian Army during World War II . The Division was mobilized in June 1940 , for the Italian invasion of France . It took part in the Greco - Italian War in 1941 . It was then chosen to be part of the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia in June 1942 , and was transferred to the Eastern front . It suffered heavy losses in early 1943 and was withdrawn to Italy for reforming in March . It absorbed the " 157th Infantry Division Novara " , which had been a garrison division , and elements from other units . It surrendered to the German forces in September 1943 . Mountain Divisions are not to be confused with the " Alpini " ( specialized mountain troops ) . The Mountain divisions had pack horse artillery instead of the usual towed type .
Third Front ( China ) The Third Front is a massive Chinese development of industry in its south - western interior , where it would be strategically secure in the event of a war . Origins . Begun in the 1960s , it was little mentioned at the time . It was loosely linked with the Three Gorges Dam . The basic idea was to have an industrial base that would be secure from foreign attack , unlike the coastal industries or Manchuria ( Northeast China ) . Mao and his generals envisaged three line of defense ( coastal , central , and western ) , and they decided in 1964 on a massive construction of military - industrial complexes in westen China , the third line of defense , popularly translated as the " third front " To minimize the vulnerability of the third - front industries to air attack , Lin Biao , the then Defense Minister and Mao ' s designated successor , instructed that these project be located " in mountains , in dispersion , and in caves " The area of the Third Front is the hardest part of China for any invading foreign power to access . During the Second Sino - Japanese War of 1937 - 45 , it remained unconquered . The Kuointang ( at that time in alliance with the Chinese Communists based at Yenan ) made Chongqing their capital . Some Chinese industry was also moved there from the cities . So the ' Third Front ' strategy had precedents , though it was immediate politics that was the main cause : For a time , Peng Dehuai was in charge of the Third Front , but he was arrested in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution . Current role . Even today , the composition of the ' third front ' remains a mystery . Parts of it have been shown to the outside world , primarily that of factories seeking investment . The mountainous terrain and geographical isolation of the region have added to this concealment . From the 1980s , with the post - Mao economic reform , there was a shift to non - military production and an attempt to attract foreign investment . Much of the output is now non - military : Media . The ' Third Front ' is the setting for a recent Chinese film called " Shanghai Dreams " . Set in the 1980s , it is a bleak and thoughtful drama that shows the life of some ordinary families who had moved there and would like to move back to Shanghai .
Mesovouno massacres The Mesovouno massacre ( ) refers to two massacres perpetrated by members of the Wehrmacht in the village of Mesovouno in Ptolemaida , Greece , during the Axis occupation of Greece , carried out on 23 October 1941 and 22 April 1944 . On 23 October 1941 , the Wehrmacht soldiers gathered all men aged 16 – 69 years old , killed them with machine guns and set the houses on fire . In 1944 the village was razed by Nazi troops two days before the massacre of the village Pyrgoi in Ptolemaida . A total of 268 civilians were killed . In the 1941 massacre , Mesovouno was part of a series of mass executions by the Nazis that took place from 17 to 28 of October , the rest being the executions of the inhabitants of the villages Kalokastro and Kerdylia in Serres , of Kleisto , Kidonia and Ambelofyto in Kilkis . There are annual wakes in the village in memory of the victims , in which members of the Greek Parliament and the President of Greece officially participate .
USS Neponset ( ID - 3581 ) USS " Neponset " ( ID - 3581 ) was a cargo ship of the United States Navy during World War I . The ship was built by the Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co . in Chester , Pennsylvania . She was laid down as " Shawmut " on 7 November 1917 and launched on 4 July 1918 . The US Navy took ownership at New York on 28 October 1918 , renamed her " Neponset " ( ID - 3581 ) , and commissioned her the same day , Lt . Comdr . Charles H . Lawrence , USNRF . in command . " Neponset " made one voyage across the Atlantic carrying general cargo , horses , and veterinary replacement personnel . She cleared New York for France on 13 November 1918 , arriving at Bordeaux on the 30th . She returned to the US , was decommissioned on 4 February 1919 , and was returned to the United States Shipping Board . Later renamed again to " Shawmut " and " Susan V . Luckenbach " .
USS LST - 263 USS " Benton County " ( LST - 263 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for nine counties of the United States , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . LST - 263 was laid down on 7 September 1942 at Ambridge , Pennsylvania by the American Bridge Company ; launched on 27 February 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Charles G . Baumgartner ; and commissioned on 30 June 1943 . Service history . During World War II , LST - 263 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in Convoy UGS - 27 in April 1944 and the invasion of southern France in August and September 1944 . She was decommissioned on 29 May 1946 and assigned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet . On 1 July 1955 the ship was redesignated USS " Benton County " ( LST - 263 ) ; she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1958 . Her final fate is unknown . LST - 263 earned two battle star s for World War II service .
USS Muscoota USS " Muscoota " , was a 1370 - ton " Mohongo " - class iron " double - ender " steam gunboat of the United States Navy during the American Civil War . The ship was built at Greenpoint , New York , and commissioned in January 1865 . She was at Norfolk , Virginia , in May 1865 when ordered to Key West as part of an effort to prevent Confederate President Jefferson Davis escaping abroad . " Muscoota " remained in the Gulf of Mexico area at least until August 1866 , when she was sent north in response to a serious outbreak of Yellow Fever among her crew . Sold in June 1869 , she was extensively rebuilt for merchant employment and renamed Tennessee . The ship had only a short civilian career , as she was destroyed by fire near Little River , North Carolina , on 29 June 1870 . References .