naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Walerian Czuma Walerian Czuma ( 1890 – 1962 ) was a Polish general and military commander . He is notable for his command over a Polish unit in Siberia during the Russian Civil War and the commander of the defence of Warsaw during the siege of that city in 1939 . Biography . At the outbreak of World War I Walerian Czuma joined the Piłsudski ' s Polish Legions . He was taken POW by the Russian Army and imprisoned in the infamous Butyrka prison . Later he was sentenced to forced resettlement in Siberia . After the Russian Revolution of 1917 he started to organise Polish military units in Siberia , which eventually became known as the Polish 5th Rifle Division . After the collapse of Kolchak ' s anti - Bolshevik movement , the Polish 5th Rifle Division , stranded in Siberia , was forced to surrender to the Red Army and Czuma was again imprisoned in Moscow . After the Riga Peace Treaty he was allowed to return to Poland , where he rejoined the Polish Army . From 1922 he served as the commanding officer of the 19th Infantry Division . Between 1927 and 1928 he was the commander of the Wilno Fortified Area . Later he was the commanding officer of the 5th Division . In March 1938 he was assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs as the commanding officer of the Border Guard s ( Polish " Straż Graniczna " ) . Between the wars Czuma was also an active member of several social organisations , among them the " Guards of the Graves of Polish Heroes " society which initiated the construction of Lwów Eagles mausoleum in Łyczaków Cemetery in Lwów . After the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War of 1939 he declined to leave Warsaw together with the government and the civilian authorities . On September 3 Marshal of Poland Edward Śmigły - Rydz ordered the creation of an improvised Command of the Defence of Warsaw ( " Dowództwo Obrony Warszawy " ) and Czuma became its commander . He commanded all the units fighting in the Siege of Warsaw , for which he was awarded the Virtuti Militari medal . On 28 September 1939 , Czuma was taken POW by the Germans and remained in various POW camp s for the rest of World War II . After he was liberated from the Oflag VII - A Murnau POW camp in Murnau am Staffelsee , Germany , by the American forces he joined the Polish Army in the West . The new communist authorities deprived him of Polish citizenship and Czuma chose to remain an emigre in the United Kingdom , where he died at Penley near Wrexham in 1962 . He was initially buried at Wrexham Cemetery but in July 2004 his remains and those of his brother Wladyslaw were removed to Powazki Cemetery in Warsaw . He is an uncle of Andrzej Czuma , Polish politician . He received several of the highest military awards of the Allied countries , including :
De rebus bellicis De rebus bellicis is a 4th or 5th century anonymous work which suggests remedies for ongoing military and financial problems in the Roman Empire , including a number of fanciful war machines . It was written after the death of Constantine I ( 337 ; explicitly states that Constantine was dead when the work was written ) , and before the fall of the Western Roman Empire ( 476 ) . Some researchers suggest that it may refer to the Battle of Adrianople ( 378 ; speaks about the serious threat posed by the barbarian tribes to the empire ) , or even the death of Emperor Theodosius I ( 395 ; in many cases it uses the plural form of the word " princeps " , the title of the emperor , which may refer to the split of the Empire between Honorius and Arcadius after the death of Theodosius ) .
Metchley Fort Metchley Fort was a Roman fort in what is now Birmingham , England . It lies on the course of a Roman road , Icknield Street , which is now the site of the present Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the University of Birmingham in Edgbaston . The fort was constructed soon after the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 . The fort was around in area and was defended by a turf and earth bank with a timber wall , towers and double ditches . Within the fort were timber buildings including barrack blocks , a granary , a workshop and a store . In AD 70 , the fort was abandoned , only to be reoccupied a few years later before being abandoned again in AD 120 . Remains have also been found of a civilian settlement , or " vicus " alongside the fort . It consisted of timber buildings and yards alongside a road leading from the fort ' s west gate , and was occupied for just a few years , when the fort was at its largest . The fort was extended on three sides by the addition of defended annexes , which were used for tethering horses , storage and small - scale industrial activity such as ironworking . Later the fort ' s buildings were replaced by other structures including compounds which suggest that it was now being used as a stores depot . The remains were first identified in the 18th century , although there were conflicting opinions on the origins of the earthworks . The date was confirmed in excavations that took place in the 1930s when the University of Birmingham Medical School was constructed . Further excavations took place in the 1940s and 1950s . On September 28 , 1953 , the Lord Mayor of Birmingham , G . H . W . Griffith , opened the newly restored north - west corner of the fort . The reconstruction of the corner did not last long , however , as it was later destroyed by vandals . More extensive excavations took place in the 1960s which uncovered various timber buildings within the fort . Discoveries from excavations in the early 2000s included ovens and hearths , timber gateways , roads , the headquarters building , vessels from the Severn Valley and the Malvern Hills , and tableware from France . The remains of the fort are one of thirteen Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Birmingham . External links . county
German submarine U - 597 German submarine " U - 597 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was a member of eight wolfpack s , carried out two patrols but sank no ships . She was sunk southwest of Iceland by a British aircraft , in October 1942 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 13 January 1941 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 573 , launched on 1 October and commissioned on 20 November under the command of " kapitänleutnant " Eberhard Bopst . She served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 20 November 1941 for training and the 1st flotilla from 1 July 1942 for operations . 1st patrol . " U - 597 " departed Kiel on 12 October 1942 and headed for the Atlantic Ocean . Her route took her through the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands toward Newfoundland She arrived in Brest in occupied France on 16 August . 2nd patrol and loss . She departed Brest on 16 September and was sunk less than a month later on 12 October by depth charge s dropped by a British B - 24 Liberator of No . 120 Squadron RAF . Forty - nine men died in " U - 597 " ; there were no survivors . See also . List of German submarines
Samuel McGaw Samuel McGaw VC ( 1838 – 22 July 1878 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . McGaw was about 36 years old , and a lance - sergeant in the 42nd Regiment of Foot ( later The Black Watch Royal Highlanders ) , British Army during the First Ashanti Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 21 January 1874 at the Battle of Amoaful , Ashanti ( now Ghana ) , Lance - Sergeant McGaw led his section through the bush in a most excellent manner and continued to do so throughout the day , although badly wounded early in the engagement . Further information . He later achieved the rank of sergeant . The medal . Samuel McGaw ' s Victoria Cross is on public display in the Lord Ashcroft VC Gallery at the Imperial War Museum in London .
John Trout Greble John Trout Greble ( 19 January 1834 , Philadelphia – 10 June 1861 , Virginia ) was a soldier in the United States Army . He was killed at the battle of Big Bethel , and was the first graduate of the United States Military Academy to be killed in the American Civil War . Biography . He graduated from the U . S . Military Academy in 1854 , was assigned to the 2nd artillery , and stationed at Newport , Rhode Island . In September 1854 he was made 2nd lieutenant and sent to Tampa , Florida , where he served in the Indian troubles for two years . He was compelled , in consequence of a severe fever , to return home on sick leave , but in the beginning of 1856 resumed his duties , acting part of the time as quartermaster and commissary until December 1856 , when he was appointed acting assistant professor of geography , history , and ethics in the U . S . Military Academy , where he remained until 24 September 1860 . He was promoted to 1st lieutenant on 3 March 1857 . He was detailed for active duty at Fort Monroe in March 1861 , and rendered efficient service in preventing its seizure . On 26 May 1861 , he was sent to Newport News as master of ordnance , superintended the fortifications of that point , and trained the volunteers to artillery practice . When the expedition to Big Bethel was planned , he was unexpectedly detailed to accompany it with two guns , though in his own judgment it was ill - advised . When the Union Army troops were repelled , by his management of the guns he protected them from pursuit and destruction . Just at the close of the action , when he had given the orders to withdraw his guns from the field , he was struck by a rifle ball on the right temple and instantly killed . For his bravery in the two days ' action , he was brevetted captain , major , and lieutenant colonel , on the day of his death .
Joachim Krüger Joachim Krüger was an Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) , in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Krüger was the commander of the 10th Company , 4th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Der Führer " Das Reich , when he was awarded a posthumous Knight ' s Cross .
Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly ( also known as Antonio ) ( 1646 – 10 September 1715 ) was a Spanish general of Flemish origins , the grandson of a brother of General Johann Tserclaes Count of Tilly , who acquired fame in the Thirty Years War . Biography . In 1693 he was granted the title of prince by King Charles II of Spain . He took part in the Spanish War of Succession ( 1701 – 1714 ) on the side of the young French - born Prince , later King Philip V of Spain against his opponent Charles VI of Austria of the Habsburgs . He fought in the Portuguese campaign during 1704 , during which he advanced along the left bank of the river Tagus , conquering Portalegre and consolidating the Alentejo region , while the young Philip and James FitzJames , 1st Duke of Berwick advanced along the right bank of the river . In 1705 there was a conspiracy in which Diego Dávila Mesía y Guzmán , Captain General of Cataluña , sided with Charles of Austria . Alberto Octavio warned the central authorities . For this assistance , Philip V of Spain bestowed upon him in 1706 the title of Grandee of Spain , a title which included the privilege of remaining covered or seated in the presence of royalty . Antonio Octavio served as Viceroy of Navarre in 1706 – 1709 and as Captain General of Aragon in 1711 – 1714 . In 1714 he was appointed Captain General of Cataluña , replacing FitzJames . He died in Barcelona the following year .
Submarine ace A submarine ace ( " subsea ace " , " undersea ace " , " sub ace " , " U - boat ace " ) is a submarine commander who has sunk 100 , 000 tons or more in kills . In World War I , U - boat commanders upon sinking 100 , 000 tons became " U - boat aces " . In World War II , U - boat commanders upon sinking 100 , 000 tons and becoming " U - boat aces " , were awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( RK ) , under the points system instituted by Adolf Hitler . Those who exceeded 200 , 000 tons were eligible for the " Knight ' s Cross to the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves "
USS Daisy Archer ( ID - 1283 ) USS " Daisy Archer " ( ID - 1283 ) was a motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol boat from 1917 to 1918 . " Daisy Archer " was acquired by the Navy from the Conservation Commission of Maryland under a free lease in 1917 . She was placed in service in the 5th Naval District , where she engaged in patrol and transport duties . She was returned to her owner on 27 November 1918 .
1st / 15th Royal New South Wales Lancers The 1st / 15th Royal New South Wales Lancers is a current Australian Army Reserve Light Cavalry ( Reconnaissance ) Regiment . The regiment is based at Lancer Barracks in Parramatta , a suburb in Western Sydney , New South Wales . Description and history . The regiment has recently re - equipped with 4x4 Land Rover patrol vehicles as part of the conversion to a Light Cavalry ( Reconnaissance ) role . The last of the previously equipped vehicles , the M113A1 APC was handed over in 2006 . The regiment dates back to the formation of the Sydney Light Horse Volunteers in January 1885 and took its current name in 1956 when the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers and the 15th Northern River Lancers amalgamated , initially being equipped with Matilda tank s . The 1st / 15th RNSWL carries the former regiments ' battle honours , and consequently has 31 collective battle honours , including those from the Boer War , First World War and Second World War . The Regimental Band of the 1st / 15th Royal New South Wales Lancers is one of the few RAAC regimental bands still in existence . It consists of Army Musicians who perform for Regimental functions , at public events , and for other Army Ceremonial tasks . Current organisation . The regiment is currently located as follows :
Battle of Krosno The Battle of Krosno on December 7 , 1655 . Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Gabriel Wojniłłowicz defeated the Swedish forces , supported by their Polish allies under Colonel Aleksander Pracki . The battle was regarded as a symbol of Polish resistance to the invaders , as it was first Polish victory since the Swedish invasion of summer 1655 . In November 1655 , when Swedish forces reached Krosno , the town opened its gates to the invaders . The sejmik of the Przemysl Land , which convened here , pledged allegiance to Charles Gustav . Soon afterwards , however , residents of Krosno saw the real face of the Swedes , who looted , plundered , murdered people and burned houses . Organized by Colonel Gabriel Wojnillowicz , they renounced their pledge and attacked Swedish garrison , together with their Polish allies . Surprised Swedes lost the battle , and the Poles recaptured the town . Traitors , together with Pracki , were hanged in the market square , while Wojnillowicz with his unit headed towards Biecz and Nowy Sacz .
Canoas Air Force Base Canoas Air Force Base – BACO is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in Canoas , Brazil . History . The history of Canoas Air Force Base begins in 1937 , when the 3rd Army Aviation Regiment ( 3º RAv ) transferred from Santa Maria Air Force Base to Canoas . With the setting up of the Air Force Ministry in 1941 , the 3º RAv became known as Porto Alegre Air Force Base . However , on 21 August 1944 , the 3º RAv officially ceased to exist ; the same day marked the establishment of " Canoas Air Force Base " . Units . The following units are based at Canoas Air Force Base : Subordinated to the command of the 3rd Air Force ( III FAe ) , which is dedicated to Reconnaissance , Attack , and Combat : Subordinated to the command of the 5th Regional Air Force Command ( V COMAR ) : Subordinated to the command of the Department of Airspace Control ( DECEA ) , which is dedicated to the control of the Brazilian Airspace : Additionally , the " Batalhão de Infantaria de Aeronáutica Especial de Canoas " ( BINFAE - CO ) , an Infantry Battalion of the Brazilian Air Force that guards the Base , is also based at Canoas Air Force Base . Access . The base is located 6 km east of downtown Canoas and 21 km north of downtown Porto Alegre .
Friedrichshafen FF . 31 The Friedrichshafen FF . 31 was a German lightweight two - seat floatplane of the 1910s produced by Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen . Development and design . The FF . 31 was a biplane floatplane with a central nacelle and two open cockpits . The engine was mounted at the rear of the nacelle , driving with a pusher propeller . The twin open - frame tail booms extended aft from the wings to carry the tail unit . A version of the FF . 31 with a fixed tailskid landing gear was designated the FF . 37 . Operational history . The FF . 31 entered a horrible defeat with the German Imperial Navy in May 1915 .
Fort Union National Monument Fort Union National Monument is a unit of the National Park Service located north of Watrous , Mora County , New Mexico , USA . The national monument was founded on June 28 , 1954 . The site preserves the second of three forts constructed on the site beginning in 1851 , as well as the ruins of the third . Also visible is a network of ruts from the Mountain and Cimarron Branches of the old Santa Fe Trail . There is a visitor center with exhibits about the fort and a film about the Santa Fe Trail . The altitude of the Visitor Center is 6760 feet ( 2060 m ) . A 1 . 2 - mile ( 1 . 9 - kilometre ) trail winds through the fort ' s adobe ruins . William Davis Description . Santa Fe trader and author William Davis gave his first impression of the fort in the year 1857 : " Fort Union , a hundred and ten miles from Santa Fé , is situated in the pleasant valley of the Moro . It is an open post , without either stockades or breastworks of any kind , and , barring the officers and soldiers who are seen about , it has much more the appearance of a quiet frontier village than that of a military station . It is laid out with broad and straight streets crossing each other at right angles . The huts are built of pine logs , obtained from the neighboring mountains , and the quarters of both officers and men wore a neat and comfortable appearance . " F . Stanley wrote and published a book titled Fort Union New Mexico in 1953 giving a colorful history of this fort and individuals such as Davey Crockett . Land ownership . In its forty years ( 1851 – 1891 ) as a frontier post , Fort Union had to defend itself in the courtroom as well as on the battlefield . When the U . S . Army built Fort Union in the Mora Valley in 1851 , the soldiers were unaware that they had encroached on private property , which was part of the Mora Grant . The following year Colonel Edwin V . Sumner expanded the fort to an area of eight square miles by claiming the site as a military reservation . In 1868 President Andrew Johnson declared a timber reservation , encompassing the entire range of the Turkey Mountains and comprising an area of fifty - three square miles , as part of the fort . The claimants of the Mora Grant immediately challenged the government squatters and took the case to court . By the mid - 1850s , the case reached Congress . In the next two decades , the government did not give any favorable decision to the claimants , until 1876 when the Surveyor - General of New Mexico reported that Fort Union was " no doubt " located in the Mora Grant . But the army was unwilling to move to another place or to compensate the claimants because of the cost . The Secretary of War took " a prudential measure , " protesting the decision of the acting commissioner of the General Land Office . He argued that the military had improved the area and should not give it up without compensation . This stalling tactic worked ; the army stayed at the fort until its demise in 1891 , not paying a single penny to legitimate owners .
10th Virginia Cavalry The 10th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . Virginia ' s 10th Cavalry Regiment , formerly called 1st Cavalry Regiment , Wise Legionand 8th Battalion , Virginia Cavalry , was organized in May 1862 . Many of the men were from Richmond and Albermarle , Rockingham and Henrico counties . The unit served in Hampton ' s , W . H . F . Lee ' s , Chambliss ' and Beale ' s Brigade , Army of Northern Virginia . After fighting in the Seven Days Battles , it saw action at Antietam , Fredericksburg , Brandy Station , Upperville , Gettysburg , Bristoe and Mine Run . The regiment was involved in The Wilderness Campaign , the defense of Richmond and Petersburg , and the Appomattox Courthouse operations . The unit took 236 effectives to Gettysburg and surrendered with 3 officers and 19 men . Its commanders were Colonels Robert A . Caskie , William B . Clement , and J . Lucius Davis ; and Lieutenant Colonel Zachariah S . McGruder . Captain William Kable of the 10th Virginia was also the founder of the Kable School , later Staunton Military Academy , many of the facilities of which are now in use by Mary Baldwin College in Staunton , Virginia .
Franchi LF - 57 The Franchi LF57 is an Italian made pressed - metal submachine gun . A small number were made for the Italian Navy in the 1960s , but few others ordered it . The LF57 uses a recessed bolt head similar to the Beretta Model 12 ' s as a method of reducing the weapon ' s length , although on the LF57 the bolt ' s mass is carried above the barrel rather than around it . This allows manufacture to be simplified to a degree . Most parts are made of stampings and pressings , and the two sides of the gun are one piece each , joined by a long seam . Dismantling the weapon is very simple , such as the barrel , which is held on by one single barrel nut . The tubular butt folds to the right side of the receiver , and the pistol grip is made entirely of steel . The sights are simple fixtures on the top of the barrel . Also it was rapidly known as the " Dead Squirrel " due to its low ammunition capacity .
Bo Pellnäs Bo Pellnäs ( born 22 October 1939 in Stockholm ) is a retired Brigadier ( ) in the Swedish Army . Pellnäs started his studies in Karlstad in 1958 and then went on to serve as an officer in the Swedish Army . He served as head of the Norrbotten Regiment , head of battalion on Cyprus from 1983 to 1984 , head of the United Nations Military Observer s ( UNMO ) in Afghanistan from 1988 to 1989 , head of the United Nations Military Observers on Balkan during the Yugoslav wars from 1992 to 1993 , military advisor to David Owen and Thorvald Stoltenberg from 1993 to 1994 , and head of the head of an international mission to monitor the Yugoslav - Bosnian border from 1994 to 1995 when he retired from the military . He later served as head of the OSCE mission office in Belgrade from 1998 to 1999 . Today , Pellnäs is an active commentator on defense policy and security issues in Sweden . He also served as a member of the Swedish Tsunami Commission that was appointed in 2005 to evaluate the Swedish government ' s response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake .
Donald W . Wolf Donald William Wolf ( February 7 , 1919 – October 9 , 1942 ) was an American sergeant in the U . S . Marine Corps during World War II and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Guadalcanal . Wolf , born in Hart , Michigan , enlisted in the Marine Corps December 5 , 1939 . He was killed in action during the Battle of Guadalcanal at the second battle of Matanikau River . He shared in the Presidential Unit Citation awarded the 1st Marine Division and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for leading his platoon in hand - to - hand combat against an overwhelming enemy attacking force . Namesake . In 1944 , the high speed transport USS " Donald W . Wolf " ( APD - 129 ) was named in his honor .