naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Elrick Irastorza General Elrick James Martial Irastorza ( born 29 September 1950 in Maillezais ) is a French general , presently Chief of Staff of the French Army . He has served a career in marine paratrooper infantry , notably in oversea operations . Biography . After studying at military preparitory high schools in Autun and Aix between 1961 and 1970 , Irastorza joined the École spéciale militaire de Saint - Cyr in September 1970 . He graduated in 1972 , obtaining the rank of lieutenant and opting for service in the Troupes de marine . Junior officer . From 1973 , Irastorza commanded a combat section of the 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment . Later , he joined the paratroopers by transferring to the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment , with the same rank . In 1979 , he took part in Opération Tacaud , in Chad . In 1980 , promoted to captain , Irastorza was given command of a company of the 8th Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment . From 1982 , he taught at the instruction centre for military preparation in Montpellier , until 1985 when he joined the general staff of the 3rd military region in Rennes as officer for logistics . Senior officer and higher studies . Irastorza then completed his studies and oriented himself towards a high - ranking career by attending the École d ' application de l ' infanterie , obtaining a Master of Advanced Studies in Defence and international relations in 1986 and attending the École supérieure de guerre the next year . In 1989 , he obtained the degree that validates training in command and general staff duties . He then joined the RIMAP as chief of operations . Promoted to lieutenant - colonel , Irastorza assumed command of the 8e RPIMa in 1991 . The next year , he supervised the 1st French battalion of the UNTAC . From 1993 to 1996 , Irastorza was desk officer and second in command at the complement officer of the general staff of the Army , in Paris . He then moved on to serve at the office of military personnel of the Army ( DPMAT ) ; from 2000 , he was under - director of the DPMAT in charge of recruitment . General officer . Irastorza was promoted to Brigadier General on 1 October 2000 . In 2002 , Irastorza went to supervise the École d ' application de l ' infanterie . From 2004 , he served as aid to the head of the chief of the " Force d ' action Terrestre " . From 15 June 2005 and June 2006 , he commanded the Force Licorne in the Ivory Coast . Irastorza has served as Chief of Staff of the French Army since 2 July 2008 . He is due to serve in this capacity until 31 August 2011 .
HMS Manners ( K568 ) The second HMS " Manners " ( K568 ) was a British Captain - class frigate of the Royal Navy in commission during World War II . Originally constructed as the United States Navy " Evarts " - class destroyer escort DE - 523 , she served in the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1945 . Construction and transfer . The ship was laid down by the Boston Navy Yard in Boston , Massachusetts , on 14 August 1943 as the unnamed U . S . Navy destroyer escort DE - 523 and launched on 24 September 1943 . The United States transferred the ship to the United Kingdom under Lend - Lease on 16 December 1943 . Service history . The ship was commissioned into service in the Royal Navy as HMS " Manners " ( K568 ) under the command of Lieutenant Denis Jermain , RN , on 16 December 1943 simultaneously with her transfer . She served on antisubmarine patrol and convoy escort duty in the North Atlantic Ocean . On 26 October 1944 , " Manners " accidentally rammed the Royal Norwegian Navy corvette in the North Atlantic . As a result of damage suffered in the collision , " Rose " sank at position . On 26 January 1945 , " Manners " joined the British frigates , , and of the 4th and 5th Escort Groups in a depth - charge attack on the German submarine " U - 1051 " in the Irish Sea about 20 nautical miles ( 37 km ) from The Skerries , Isle of Man . During the engagement , " U - 1051 " fired an acoustic torpedo which exploded near " Manners " propellers , breaking her in two ; her stern section sank , and four officers and 39 ratings were killed and 15 ratings were wounded . " Aylmer " , " Bentinck " , and " Calder " counterattacked , forcing " U - 1015 " to the surface with depth charges and sinking her by ramming at position . " Manners " forward section remained afloat and was towed to Barrow - in - Furness , England , where it arrived on 27 January 1945 . Beyond economical repair , she was declared a constructive total loss , and the Royal Navy soon decommissioned her . The United Kingdom returned her to the U . S . Navy in England on 8 November 1945 . Disposal . The U . S . Navy struck " Manners " from its Naval Vessel Register on 19 December 1945 . The United States sold her on 3 December 1946 for scrapping to the Athens Piraeus Electricity Company , Ltd . , of Athens , Greece , for delivery to the company on 7 January 1947 . She was scrapped in Piraeus , Greece , during 1947 .
Thomas Hoban Thomas Hoban ( born September 11 , 1872 ) was a coxswain serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Hoban was born September 11 , 1872 in New York City , New York and after entering the navy was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Nashville as a coxswain . On May 11 , 1898 the Nashville was given the task of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba . During the operation and facing heavy enemy fire , Hoban continued to perform his duties throughout this action . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coxswain , U . S . Navy . Born : 11 September 1872 , New York , N . Y . . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Hoban displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
Anciens Etablissements Pieper Anciens Etablissements Pieper is Belgian arms manufacturer established under name Henri Pieper in Herstal , Belgium in 1884 ( some sources use 1866 ) by Henri Pieper . In 1898 renamed to Nicolas Pieper and became Anciens Etablissements Pieper in 1905 . It stayed in business until approximately 1950 . Company used Bayard trade name and manufactured Bergmann - Bayard pistol and Bayard 1908 pistol .
Battle of Valencia de Alcántara The Battle of Valencia de Alcántara took place in August 1762 when an Anglo Portuguese force led by John Burgoyne surprised and captured the town of Valencia de Alcántara from its Spanish defenders during the Seven Years ' War . The town was taken on 27 August as part of the defence against the Spanish invasion of Portugal . The force that captured Almeida was part of a major Spanish offensive to overrun Portugal . A northern pincer invaded Portugal from Galicia crossing the Douro and threatening Porto while the southern force crossed the border from Ciudad Rodrigo . With Spain invading Portugal in support of France , Britain sent reinforcements to aid the Portuguese ; in total around 8 , 000 men led by John Burgoyne . On 24 August Count of Lippe decided to attack the Spanish town of Valencia de Alcántara which was a main supply base for the invasion . He sent John Burgoyne , a colonel of the 16th Light Dragoons now local rank of brigadier general with an Anglo - Portuguese contingent of around 2 , 800 men ( 400 light dragoon s , 6 British infantry companies and 11 Portuguese grenadier s companies , 2 howitzers and 2 light guns ) . Burgoyne passed the Tagus at Abrantes . At Castelo de Vide , Burgoyne was joined by 100 Portuguese foot , 50 irregular cavalry and about 40 armed peasants . On 27 August , after forced marches totalling 45 miles , they attacked and captured the town surprising the Spanish defenders ; Burgoyne leading his cavalry with effect . Once the town had been captured the British and Portuguese quickly cleared the neighbourhood of the Spanish troops , taking a number of prisoners including a Spanish general . In all several companies of the Spanish regiment of Seville which were garrisoning the frontier town was effectively annihilated . In addition the town was left undamaged and had to pay a ransom of a year ' s taxes in corn . This little victory raised Portuguese moral and Burgoyne was given a large diamond and the Spanish Colours captured . The victory also set back the invasion and contributing to the general victory that year . Two months later he defeated the Spanish again at the battle of Vila Velha .
Wilhelm Mauser Wilhelm Mauser , ( May 2 , 1834 - January 13 , 1882 ) was a German weapon designer and manufacturer / industrialist . Mauser was born in Oberndorf am Neckar , in what was then the Kingdom of Württemberg . His father and his four brothers were gunsmiths . Together with his brother Paul Mauser ( 1838 - 1914 ) Wilhelm Mauser designed the Mauser Model 1871 rifle , the first of a successful line of Mauser rifles and pistols . The rifle was adopted as the Gewehr 71 or Infanterie - Gewehr 71 and was the first metal cartridge weapon of the German Empire . While Paul was the more technical of the two , Wilhelm handled this business side of the factory . The Mauser company later developed the Gewehr 98 and Karabiner 98k rifle series . The Gewehr 98 itself was the latest in a line of Mauser rifles that were introduced in 1898 .
Flagstaff Fort A Patriot Redoubt built in June 1776 , located on Signal Hill at the narrows on Staten Island . Site of an earlier 1663 blockhouse by De Vries ( not named or listed ) . Taken by the British in 1776 and by July 1779 a redoubt with gun platforms for 26 cannon were built . In 1782 had five bastions . Evacuated 1783 . Later the site of Fort Tompkins in 1806 , that along with others grew into Fort Wadsworth .
Johann Pflugbeil Johann Pflugbeil ( 24 August 1882 – 21 October 1951 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . On June 27 , 1941 , the 221 Security division held the city of Bialystok ( Poland ) . That day , the 309 Police battalion started a pogrom on the Jewish community : Jews were arrested , beaten , beards were cut , people were shot . . . The Jewish community chiefs went to see general Pflugbeil , and asked him to stop that pogrom . They were in his office , on their knees to implore him . A policeman of the 309th Police Battalion urinated on them ; the general offered his back , to see elsewhere . After that " meeting " , the pogrom became slaughter and massacre : the Jews on the market place were shoot in front on a wall , until the night ; the synagogue , where 700 Jews were piled up , was set on fire with petrol and grenades . The Jews who tried to escape where shot . On June 28 , general Pflugbeil asked Major Weis ( 309 Police battalion ) the cause of the fire . Weis made a false report on the causes .
Target Acquisition Minefield Detection System Target Acquisition Minefield Detection System ( ASTAMIDS ) is the latest weapon in the fight against improvised explosive devices ( IED ) . It will provide a Unit of Action ( UA ) asset that can be used in Tactical Operations in day or night to detect and locate surface obstacles and recently buried minefields . ASTAMIDS is currently being tested in the MQ - 8B Fire Scout unmanned aerial vehicle . Detection methods . Coherent change detection . The ASTAMIDS detects improvised explosives and minefields using two techniques . The first technique used to find explosives is a process known as coherent change detection . Change detection compares two images for inconsistencies . To detect whether or not a change has occurred , two images are taken of the same scene , but at different times . These images are then geometrically registered so that the same target pixels in each image align . After the images are registered , they are checked pixel by pixel . Where a change has not occurred between the two images , the pixels remain the same . When the pixels are different , a change has occurred . This technique is useful for detecting change , but it does not measure direction or the magnitude of change . One of the major issues in the change detection software is defining what a “ significant ” change is . Trees blowing in the wind will sometimes produce a change between the pixels of the two images . This is obviously not a significant change , but the system must be sensitive enough to detect small roadside bombs . These improvised explosives may create a smaller pixel change than trees on a windy day . This problem causes the mine detection algorithms to be extremely complex . The software must differentiate changes that do not pose a threat to changes that are likely to be a minefield or roadside bomb . Tactical synthetic aperture radar . The other technique that helps the ASTAMIDS successfully detect minefields and road side bombs uses a combination of the Tactical Synthetic Aperture Radar ability to penetrate the ground and a group of Multi - Spectral Electro - Optical sensors that cover the visible and near - infrared ( VNIR ) and mid - wave infrared ( MWIR ) portions of the spectrum , as well as a target laser rangefinder and designator . Once an IED is found using the change detection method , the laser rangefinder and designator flashes to the point where the change was detected . A seeker is then used to find the lasers pulse rate and guides the EO / IR sensors of the ASTAMIDS to the point . Now that the sensors know what point to scan , the mission specific hardware , software , and firmware components installed in the ASTAMIDS can successfully detect mines buried under the surface .
Commerce de Paris - class ship of the line The " Commerce de Paris " class was a ship of the line class of the French Navy , designed in 1804 by Jacques - Noël Sané as a shortened version of his 118 - gun Océan Class three - deckers , by removing a pair of guns from each deck . Two ships were built to this design in France ; four more were begun at Antwerp in 1810 - 11 , but these were never completed . Two more ships to be same design were ordered in 1812 to be built at Amsterdam and at Rotterdam , but neither was named or laid down .
Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri ( 1788 – 1851 ) was a Basque Spanish military man and administrator . Born in Beriáin in Navarre , he distinguished himself as a cadet during the War of Spanish Independence . He later fought in the First Carlist War on the Liberal ( Isabeline ) side , leading a column as colonel . He became a general in 1834 and field marshal in 1836 . He participated in the battles of Arquijas , Mendaza and Luchana . He showed great skill and judgment in these battles , and his involvement at Arquijas was critical . Vicente Blasco Ibáñez has written : One has to recognize that in the battle at Arquijas , the victory would have been the Carlists ' had it not been for the skill and daring of Oráa , who knew how to extricate himself from a dire situation , as General Córdova had shown lamentable irresolution retreating from the battlefield before hostilities had ceased . He served as Governor - General of the Philippines from February 14 , 1841 to June 17 , 1843 . He put down two Filipino rebellions , led by Apolinario de la Cruz ( Hermano Pule ) and Sergeant Irineo Samaniego , respectively . He returned to Spain and served as a senator . He died at his natal town . His works include " Memoria histórica de la conducta militar y política del General Oráa " ( Madrid 1851 ) .
USS Saco ( 1863 ) The first USS " Saco " was a gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . " Saco " was launched on 28 August 1863 by the Boston Navy Yard , Boston , Massachusetts , and commissioned there on 11 July 1864 , Lieutenant Commander John G . Walker in command . Service history . Throughout the autumn and into the winter of 1864 , the new gunboat cruised along the Atlantic coast , ranging from Halifax , Nova Scotia , to Wilmington , North Carolina , in search of Confederate raiders and blockade runners . However , since boiler and engine trouble hampered the ship during much of this service , " Saco " was decommissioned at the Washington Navy Yard on 27 January 1865 for repairs . The Civil War ended while work on the gunboat was still in progress , so " Saco " remained in ordinary during the demobilization program which followed the end of the fighting . She was recommissioned on 10 June 1866 and operated along the Atlantic coast , in the Caribbean , and in the Gulf of Mexico . She also served as a training ship at the Naval Academy before decommissioning at Norfolk , Virginia on 17 December 1868 . Recommissioned on 22 July 1870 , " Saco " departed Hampton Roads on 6 August and steamed to European waters . She cruised in the Mediterranean for over a year before getting underway from Naples on 14 December 1871 and heading for the Suez Canal and the Far East . After arriving at Shanghai on 6 May 1872 , " Saco " remained in Asiatic waters until returning to the United States in 1876 . She was decommissioned at the Mare Island Navy Yard on 13 July 1876 and remained in ordinary there until she was sold to William E . Mighell on 20 November 1883 . References .
Gjirokastër Castle Gjirokastër Castle ( Albanian : " Kalaja e Gjirokastrës " ) is a castle in Gjirokastër , Albania ( historically known as Argyrokastro , a name then applied also to the castle ) . The castle dominates the town and overlooks the strategically important route along the river valley . It is open to visitors and contains a military museum featuring captured artillery and memorabilia of the Communist resistance against German occupation , as well as a captured United States Air Force plane to commemorate the Communist regime ' s struggle against the " imperialist " western powers . The citadel has existed in various forms since before the 12th century . Extensive renovations and a westward addition was added by Ali Pasha of Tepelene after 1812 . The government of King Zog expanded the castle prison in 1932 . Today it possesses five towers and houses , the new Gjirokaster Museum , a clock tower , a church , a cistern , the stage of the National Folk Festival , and many other points of interest . The castle ' s prison was used extensively by Zog ' s government and housed political prisoners during the Communist regime .
T29 Heavy Tank The Heavy Tank T29 was an American heavy tank project started in March 1944 to counter the new German heavy tanks . The T26E3 ( M26 Pershing ) , weighing around 45 tonnes , was not considered heavily enough armed or armored to counter the Tiger II , which weighed closer to 70 tonnes . The T29 was not ready in time for the war in Europe , but it did provide post - war engineers with opportunities for testing the engineering concepts in artillery and automotive components . The T29 was based upon a lengthened version of the T26E3 hull and featured heavier armor , an uprated Ford GAC engine providing about gross , net , more comfortable controls for the driver , and a massive new turret incorporating the high velocity 105 mm gun T5 . It weighed about 70 tons and was highly comparable to the German Tiger II in terms of both firepower and protection . Other trial models had Allison V1710 V12 engines . Developed at the same time and closely related to the T29 , the T30 Heavy Tank was virtually identical but mounted a 155 mm gun T7 and featured a more powerful engine and an extra crew member to help load the gun . In 1945 , with the war in Europe already over , the T29 and T30 were classified " limited procurement " and a small order proposed on the basis that their large guns and heavy armor would be useful for attacking Japanese bunkers . Army Ground Forces command , however , objected to the deployment of such heavy vehicles and the war ended before the issue was resolved , so only a small batch of pilot models were constructed . The final variation of the T29 concept , the Heavy Tank T34 , mounted a 120mm gun based upon the then - current 120mm anti - aircraft gun . There were only two prototypes , one converted from one of the T29 pilot models and one converted from a T30 . Once again , the end of the war curtailed further development , but the experience gained with the T34 was valuable in the development of the M103 heavy tank . The T29 featured a coincidence rangefinder projecting from both sides of the turret . There are a couple surviving T29s on post at Fort Benning , Georgia . One is located in front of the National Armor & Cavalry Museum . There are two T29 ' s surviving , both at Sand Hill at Fort Benning , Georgia . They are being stored in preparation for the new Armor exhibit . One has the distinctive rangefinder , while the other does not . Both can be seen as well as many other vehicles in a fenced enclosure on 25 Infantry Regiment Road . See also . There is also a surviving T29 without the rangefinder at the Detroit Arsenal in Warren , Michigan .
RFA Brambleleaf ( A81 ) RFA " Brambleleaf " ( A81 ) was a Leaf - class support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . She should not be confused with the support / freighting tanker RFA " Brambleleaf " of 1959 , also with the pennant number A81 . On 18 August 2009 she was towed to Ghent for scrapping .
HNoMS Viking ( 1891 ) HNoMS " Viking " was a 1 . class gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy . Like all other Norwegian gunships of her era , she carried a heavy armament on a diminutive hull . The vessel was built at the Naval Yard at Horten , and had the yard number 72 . " Viking " served with the Royal Norwegian Navy until stricken in 1920 . Later she was used as a hospital ship by the Norwegian Red Cross .
Jean Marlin Jean Marlin ( 1833 - 1872 ) was a non - commissioned officer , a sergeant of the French 8th Battalion of infantry . He was a member of the first French Military Mission to Japan in 1867 , in which he accompanied Jules Brunet . He worked as an instructor for infantry in the army of the Shogun . With the advent of the Boshin War , and the declaration of neutrality of foreign powers , Marlin chose to resign from the French Army and continue the fight on the side of the Bakufu . Jean Marlin chose to remain in Japan , and was buried at the Yokohama International cemetery in 1872 .