Treaties of Roskilde ( 1568 ) The Treaties of Roskilde of 18 and 22 November 1568 were peace treaties between the kingdoms of Denmark - Norway and the allied Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck on one side , and the Swedish kingdom on the other side , supposed to end the Northern Seven Years ' War after the " de facto " succession of the later king John III in Sweden . Negotiated on John ' s initiative , he refused ratification , viewing the concessions his envoys made in Roskilde as too far - reaching . Most notably , these concessions included Swedish obligations to pay Denmark her war costs , and to cede Swedish Estonia . Thus , the war dragged on until it was concluded by the Treaty of Stettin ( 1570 ) . Background . After the Swedish king Erik XIV had become insane and murdered leading aristocrats in late 1567 , his brother duke John ( the later king John III ) assumed control of the kingdom and had Erik imprisoned . When this was accomplished , he sent a delegation to Denmark to negotiate for an end of the Northern Seven Years ' War inherited from his brother . Frederik II of Denmark was unable to exploit the inner - Swedish conflict , as his treasures were emptied by the costs of his German mercenary armies , on whom he had relied throughout the war , and the rebuilding of the Danish navy , finished by the summer of 1567 , after a large part of it had sunk in a storm in July 1566 . Furthermore , duke John maintained amicable relations to Sigismund II Augustus of Poland - Lithuania , thwarting hopes for an anti - Swedish alliance in the contemporary Livonian War . Terms . The Swedish delegation in Roskilde consented to all Danish and Lübeck demands . The Dano - Swedish treaty thus included the restoration of the pre - war borders between the kingdoms , except for the Swedish dominion in Estonia , established in 1561 during the Livonian War , which was to be ceded to Magnus of Holstein , brother of the Danish king . Furthermore , the Swedish crown was obliged to pay for the Danish war costs from 1563 to 1568 . The draft was signed on 18 November 1568 by the Swedish envoys Jören Ericksson Gyllensterne ( Jörgen Gyldenstiern of Fouglevig ) , Ture Bielke ( Thure Bielcke of Salestad ) and Niels Jensson ( secretary ) , and for the Danish side by Peer Oxsse ( Per or Peder Oxe of Gisselfeld , hofmester ) , Johan Friis ( Frijs of Hesselagger , chancellor ) , Holger Rossenkrantzs ( Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz of Boller , governor in North Jutland ) , Peder Billde ( Bilde of Svanholm , commander of Callundborg ) and Nils Kaass ( Kaas of Taarupgaard , secretary ) . In the treaty between Lübeck and Sweden , the latter confirmed Lübeck ' s privileges as of 1523 , and restored peace between the parties . The draft was signed on 22 November 1568 by the same Swedish and Danish envoys who signed the Dano - Swedish agreement , and in addition , by Christoffer Thode ( Christoph Tode ) , Calixtus Schein and Frederijck Kuevell for Lübeck as well as by Caspar Paselick , who signed for Denmark . Consequences . By accepting the Danish terms , the members of the Swedish delegation had exceeded their competence , and John ( III ) refused to ratify the treaties . John had his refusal backed up by a declaration from a Riksdag of the Estates summoned in Stockholm : Frederick II was to receive " powder , lead and pikes " instead of war reparations . Likewise , Frederick II summoned a Danish riksdag , the only one summoned between 1536 and 1627 , in January 1570 . By threatening to abdicate , Frederick II secured the riksdag ' s and the Danish Council ' s consent to new taxes , which were to finance the planned decisive blow on Sweden in the year 1570 . While this blow never materialized , a combined fleet of Danish and Lübeck vessels led by Per Munck had previously bombarded Reval ( Tallinn ) , the principal city in Swedish Estonia , for eleven days in July 1569 ; and in November of the same year , Danish land forces had re - captured Varberg Fortress from the Swedish defendants but lost their commanders Daniel Rantzau and Franz Brokenhuus during the siege . Lübeck , in addition to war costs and losses amounting to more than 300 , 000 talers , lost much of her pre - war Swedish trade to other Hanseatic cities . On 13 December 1570 , the parties finally settled for peace in the treaty of Stettin .