naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg The 10th SS Panzer Division " Frundsberg or 10 . SS - Panzer - Division " Frundsberg was a German Waffen SS panzer division . The division was formed at the beginning of 1943 as a reserve for the expected Allied invasion of France . However , their first campaign was in the Ukraine in April 1944 . Highly motivated after combat success in Ukraine , the unit was then transported back to the west where they fought the Allies in France and at Arnhem . The division was later transported to Pomerania then fought south east of Berlin in the Lausitz area to the end of the war . Unlike several of the earlier SS panzer divisions , the " Frundsberg " division did not engage in atrocities against either civilians or combatants . Based on its fighting record , it was an elite division which also had a reputation of fighting a " clean war . " Postwar , the division had a very active veteran ' s association . History . Originally , the name " Karl der Große ( Charlemagne ) " was used for some time in 1943 , but French volunteers in the Wehrmacht and the Waffen - SS used Charlemagne ( 33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne ( 1st French ) ) , so the honor title " Frundsberg " was chosen , which refers to 16th Century German landsknecht commander Georg von Frundsberg . The division was mainly formed from conscripts and it first saw action at Tarnopol in April 1944 . It took part in the rescue of German troops cut off in the Kamianets - Podilskyi pocket . It was then sent to Normandy to counter the Allied landings . It and its " twin " Division , the 9th SS Panzer - Division " Hohenstaufen " , played an important part in holding the British Forces back in Normandy , particularly during Operation Epsom . It retreated into Belgium before being sent to rest near Arnhem where they soon had to fight the Allied parachute assault during Operation Market Garden at Nijmegen , in the Netherlands , at which time it , along with the 9th SS Panzer , constituted the II SS Panzer Corps . After rebuilding , it fought in the Alsace in January 1945 . It was then sent to the Eastern Front , where it fought against the Red Army invading Pomerania and later Saxony . Encircled at the Halbe Pocket , the division took heavy losses but managed to break out of the encirclement and retreated through Moritzburg , before reaching the area of Teplice in Czechoslovakia at the end of the war . At this location , the division surrendered to the US Army . Günter Grass . German writer and Nobel laureate Günter Grass was an assistant tank gunner with the division after having been conscripted into the Waffen - SS at the age of 17 in November 1944 . He was wounded in action on 25 April 1945 and captured in a hospital .
Sieges of Toishi The sieges of Toishi castle took place during Takeda Shingen ' s campaign to take over Shinano Province . His army , led by Sanada Yukitaka , began sieging the castle in 1550 . The defending lord , Murakami Yoshikiyo , held out until the following year , but his garrison suffered over 1000 casualties , and was ultimately forced to surrender .
Charles Conrad Abbott Charles Conrad Abbott ( June 4 , 1843 – July 27 , 1919 ) was an American archaeologist and naturalist . Biography . He was born at Trenton , New Jersey , and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine . During the American Civil War , he served as a in the Union Army . He received his M . D . degree from UPenn in 1865 . In 1876 , he announced the discovery , later confirmed by other archaeologists , of traces of human presence in the Delaware River Valley dating from the first or “ Kansan ” ice age , and inferentially from the pre - glacial period when humans are believed to have entered upon the North American continent . From 1876 to 1889 , he was assistant curator of the Peabody Museum in Cambridge , Massachusetts , to which he presented a collection of 20 , 000 archaeological specimens ; he freely gave also to other archaeological collections . He was a corresponding member of the Boston Society of Natural History , a member of the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia , and a fellow of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of the North in Copenhagen . In 1919 he died at the age of 76 years in Bristol , Pennsylvania , where he had moved after the burning of his New Jersey home a few years before . Writings . His book " Primitive Industry : Illustrations of the Hand - work in Stone , Bone , and Clay of the Native Races of the Northern Atlantic Seaboard of America " ( Salem , 1881 ) detailed the evidences of the presence of pre - glacial man in the Delaware Valley , and is a valuable contribution to American archaeology . He was well known as a frequent contributor to the " American Naturalist " , " Science " , " Nature " , " Science News " , and " Popular Science Monthly " . He also published many books on outdoor observation , such as " A Naturalist ' s Rambles about Home " ( 1884 ) .
USS Pensacola ( AK - 7 ) USS " Pensacola " ( AK - 7 / AG - 13 ) was a cargo ship in the United States Navy . " Pensacola " was originally the German screw steamer " Nicaria " , launched in Rostock , Germany on 18 August 1901 . She was seized by the U . S . Government at Southport , North Carolina on 8 May 1917 . She was transferred to the United States Navy on 9 June 1917 , and commissioned on 8 October 1917 , with Lt . Cmdr Frederick Marcus , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transport Service in January 1918 , " Pensacola " carried supplies from the United States to French and British ports . Returning from Brest to Philadelphia on 2 December 1918 , she steamed to New York and sailed for Turkey on 25 January 1919 with a cargo for the Syrian - Armenian Relief , arriving at Constantinople on 12 March . Following her return to the United States on 15 April , " Pensacola " carried passengers and cargo to bases in the Caribbean . Returning to Norfolk on 9 June 1919 , she was reassigned to the Navy Trans - Pacific transport service . She operated in the Pacific until becoming a station ship at Guam 15 March 1922 . Classified AK - 7 ( Cargo Ship ) on 17 July 1920 , " Pensacola " was reclassified AG - 13 ( Miscellaneous Auxiliary ) on 26 June 1922 . She decommissioned at Mare Island , California on 14 March 1925 , was struck from the Navy Register the same day , and was sold to M . Davidson of Stockton , California on 5 August 1925 .
Fort Howell Fort Howell , named in honor of Brigadier General Joshua B . Howell , is located on Hilton Head Island , South Carolina . Its primary function was to protect Mitchelville , a freedmen ' s town located to its east . It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on June 15 , 2011 . It is an earthworks fort built in 1864 during the American Civil War by the 32nd United States Colored Infantry Regiment ( Union ) from Pennsylvania . The fort covers approximately 3 acres of land once part of the plantation of William Pope . Today , it is an historic site that is open to the public .
Edgar A . Wedgewood Edgar A . Wedgewood ( 2 May 1856 – 31 January 1920 ) was a General in the United States army during World War I . Wedgewood joined the United States military at the outbreak of the Spanish American War . After that war he served with the United States military in suppressing the Philippine forces in the first Philippine War of Independence . Wedgewood died of influenza shortly after World War I . He was a Latter - day Saint .
Griffin Greene Griffin Greene ( 1749 – 1804 ) served as a commissary , paymaster , and quartermaster to the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War . He was subsequently a pioneer to the Ohio Country , helping establish Marietta , Ohio as the first permanent American settlement of the new United States in the Northwest Territory . Early life . Griffin Greene was born in Warwick , Rhode Island on February 20 , 1749 . He married Sarah Greene of the same town , sister of Christopher Greene . They had four children , Richard , Philip , Griffin , and Susan . With his cousin Jacob Greene , Griffin built a forge on the Pawtuxet River for the manufacture of iron . This forge was subsequently used for the manufacture of cannonballs supplied to revolutionary soldiers . Griffin and his cousin , Gen . Nathanael Greene , had a close relationship . “ Among the earliest attachments of the general ’ s life , was one formed with a cousin of the name of Griffin Greene . And to the close of their lives , the affectionate regard in which they held each other , was nearly proverbial . ” They engaged in a significant volume of correspondence during the war , much of which was preserved or recorded . Revolutionary War . During 1775 Griffin Greene served as commissary to Rhode Island troops . In 1777 he served as paymaster of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment of the Continental Army ; this regiment was then commanded by his brother - in - law , Colonel Christopher Greene . During 1778 , Griffin Greene served as deputy to the Quartermaster General of the Continental Army , his cousin Major General Nathanael Greene . Marietta and the Ohio Country . After the war , Griffin Greene was a pioneer to the Ohio Country . He was a prominent figure in the early days of Marietta and the Northwest Territory , serving in multiple positions of government , including justice of the peace , judge , postmaster , revenue collector , and port inspector . He became a director of the Ohio Company of Associates upon the death of James Mitchell Varnum . He also spent time at the settlement of Belpre , Ohio and took an active part in the erection of the Farmer ' s Castle fortification during the Northwest Indian War . At the start of his trip west , Meriwether Lewis spent September 13 , 1803 at Marietta and visited with Griffin . Griffin Greene was " a man of intelligent aspect , quick apprehension , and a ready , vigorous application of his mind to any subject before him . " " As a man of genius and intellect , he ranked with the first of the Ohio Company ' s settlers , abounding as it did with able men . " He died in Marietta , Ohio during June 1804 and was buried at Mound Cemetery in Marietta , along with many other American Revolutionary War soldiers and pioneers .
Lockheed Martin X - 56 The Lockheed Martin X - 56A is a modular unmanned aerial vehicle designed to explore high altitude , long endurance ( HALE ) flight technologies for use in future military unmanned reconnaissance aircraft , as well as contributing knowledge to the future X - 54 low - boom supersonic research programme , and future low emissions transport aircraft . Design and development . Designed by Lockheed Martin ' s Advanced Development Programs , known informally as the Skunk Works , the aircraft was first revealed by " Aviation Week " , and is intended to research active flutter suppression and gust - load alleviation technologies . The X - 56A is based on Lockheed ' s earlier UAV work , showing influence from the Polecat , Sentinel and DarkStar UAVs . The programme calls for the construction of two - long fuselages and a wingspan of 27 . 5 ft , with four sets of wings being constructed for flight testing . Operational history . The X - 56A made its first flight on July 26 , 2013 , flying from Edwards Air Force Base ; twenty flights were to be flown on behalf of the Air Force Research Laboratory before the aircraft would be handed over to NASA for further testing .
Neuve - Chapelle Neuve - Chapelle is a commune in the Pas - de - Calais department in the Nord - Pas - de - Calais region of France . Geography . Neuve - Chapelle is situated some northeast of Béthune and southwest of Lille , near the junction of the D947 and D171 roads . History . The village gave its name to a First World War battle which began on March 10 , 1915 , and in which it was captured , not for the first time , by the IV and I Indian Corps . It was later adopted by the County Borough of Blackpool and was awarded the Croix de Guerre in 1922 .
North Atlantic Squadron The North Atlantic Squadron was a section of the United States Navy operating in the North Atlantic . It was renamed as the North Atlantic Fleet in 1902 . In 1905 the European and South Atlantic Squadron s were abolished and absorbed into the North Atlantic Fleet . On Jan . 1 , 1906 , the Navy ’ s Atlantic Fleet was established combining this fleet with the South Atlantic Squadron .
817 Naval Air Squadron 817 Naval Air Squadron was a unit of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm during the Second World War . In 1941 , the squadron operated Fairey Albacore aircraft in the Anti - Submarine Warfare role in Icelandic and Mediterranean waters . The Squadron was reformed in 1943 , with Fairey Barracuda aircraft and carried out operations in the Far East before disbanding at the end of the war . The squadron was reformed as 817 Squadron RAN in 1950 .
Battle of Fort Pitt The Battle of Fort Pitt was part of a Cree uprising coinciding with the Métis revolt that started the North - West Rebellion in 1885 . Cree warriors began attacking Canadian settlements on April 2 . On April 15 , they captured Fort Pitt from a detachment of North - West Mounted Police . Background . In the Canadian North - West , a period of escalating unrest immediately preceded the rebellion as Ottawa refused to negotiate with its disaffected citizens . While the Métis under Louis Riel declared a provisional government and mobilized their forces , Cree chief Big Bear was not planning any militarization or violence toward the Canadian settlers or government . Rather , he had tried to unify the Cree into a political confederacy powerful enough to oppose the marginalization of native people in Canadian society and renegotiate unjust land treaties imposed on Saskatchewan natives in the 1860s . This nominally peaceful disposition was shattered in late March by news of the Métis victory over government forces at Duck Lake . Support for Riel was strong among native peoples . On April 2 , Big Bear ' s warriors attacked the town of Frog Lake , killing nine civilians . Big Bear , against his wishes , was drawn into the rebellion . Similar attacks continued , with Cree raiding parties pillaging the towns of Saddle Lake , Beaver Lake , Beaverhill Lake , Bear Hills , and Lac St . Anne in neighboring Alberta . These events prompted the mobilization of an Alberta field force under Thomas Bland Strange . The Cree would later defeat the Albertans at the Battle of Frenchman ' s Butte . Battle . On April 15 , 200 Cree warriors descended on Fort Pitt . They intercepted a police scouting party , killing a constable , wounding another , and captured a third . Surrounded and outnumbered , garrison commander Francis Dickens ( son of famed novelist Charles Dickens ) capitulated and agreed to negotiate with the attackers . Big Bear released the remaining police officers but kept the townspeople as hostages and destroyed the fort . Six days later , Inspector Dickens and his men reached safety at Battleford . Legacy . In the spring of 2008 , Tourism , Parks , Culture and Sport Minister Christine Tell proclaimed in Duck lake , that " the 125th commemoration , in 2010 , of the 1885 Northwest Resistance is an excellent opportunity to tell the story of the prairie Métis and First Nations peoples ' struggle with Government forces and how it has shaped Canada today . " Fort Pitt , the scene of the Battle of Fort Pitt , is a Provincial Park and National Historic site where a National Historic Sites and Monuments plaque designates where Treaty six was signed .
Timeline of events preceding World War II This Timeline of events preceding World War II covers the events of the interwar period ( 1918 - 1939 ) after World War I that effected or led to World War II . 1918 . November 11 1919 . January 4 – 15 January 18 February March 2 May 15 June 28 September 10 November 27 1920 . January 21 March June 4 August 10 1921 . March August 25 August 29 1922 . February 6 April 16 October October 29 November 1 1923 . January 11 July 24 August 31 September 27 October 29 November 8 1924 . January 21 June 10 1925 . February 1 April 1 April 6 August 18 December 3 1926 . January 3 January 31 April 4 April 24 December 25 1927 . April 12 May 20 June 7 November 12 1928 . May 3 June 4 August 2 August 27 1929 . February 9 February 11 March 28 April 3 June 7 July 24 October 29 1930 . April 22 June 30 1931 . September 18 September 19 1932 . January 7 January 28 February 27 March 1 April 10 May 30 August 30 November 21 December 3 1933 . January 1 January 30 February 27 February 28 March 4 March 20 March 23 March 27 April 26 May 2 May 31 June 21 July 14 October 19 1934 . January 26 March 20 June 30 July 20 July 25 August 2 August 8 September December 5 December 29 1935 . January 7 June 18 October 2 1936 . In 1936 , Adolf Hitler demanded to have a private meeting with Arnold J . Toynbee who was visiting Berlin the same year to address the Nazi Law Society , and Toynbee accepted . In the meeting , Hitler emphasized his limited expansionist aim of building a greater German nation , and his desire for British understanding and cooperation . Toynbee was convinced of Hitler ' s sincerity , and endorsed Hitler ' s message in a confidential memorandum for the British prime minister and foreign secretary . March 7 May 5 July 17 October 18 October November 14 November 15 November 25 December 1 December 12 December 23 1937 . July 7 November 6 December 8 December 11 1938 . March 6 March 13 July 29 August September 30 November 7 November 9 1939 . January 25 January 27 March 14 March 15 March 20 March 21 March 23 March 31 April 1 April 3 April 7 – 12 April 18 April 28 May 11 May 17 May 22 June 14 July 10 August 23 August 25 September 1
Type 216 submarine The Type 216 is a submarine design concept announced by Howaldtswerke - Deutsche Werft based on the Type 212 / 214 . It is a larger design targeted to meet the needs of the Australian Collins - class submarine replacement project , also known as Sea 1000 , and the needs of other countries possibly including India and Canada . The design is double hulled with two decks , includes a fuel cell , Permasyn motor , and lithium - ion batteries .
Postal Branch The Postal Branch was a personnel branch of the Canadian Forces ( CF ) . History . During both World Wars , the Canadian Forces Postal Service mobilized many Post Office employees . The Canadian Forces Postal Service provided " mail from home " for the Canadian Forces by forwarding mail to restricted military zones in Canada and Europe , as well as other areas where Canadians serve in United Nations peacekeeping operations . On January 1 , 2001 , the branch was integrated into the Logistics Branch . Recognition . On 9 May 1986 Canada Post issued ' Canadian Forces Postal Service , 1911 - 1986 ' as part of the Canadian Forces series . The stamps were designed by Jacques DesRosiers , based on a wartime photograph of military personnel handling letters and parcels . The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13 . 5 and were printed by Ashton - Potter Limited .
E133 cluster bomb The E133 cluster bomb was a U . S . biological weapon developed during the Cold War . History . The U . S . E133 cluster bomb was developed prior to Richard M . Nixon ' s 1969 declaration that ended the U . S . biological weapons program . At the time of Nixon ' s declaration the E133 was considered the most likely candidate in the U . S . biological arsenal to actually be used in a combat situation . Specifications . The E133 cluster weighed 750 pounds . It held between 536 and 544 E61 bomblet s , which when dropped would detonate on impact dispersing an aerosol of biological agent , usually anthrax .
TACTIC ( military program ) Threat Agent Cloud Tactical Intercept & Countermeasure , or TACTIC , is a United States military research program whose goal is to detect , classify , and neutralize airborne biological and chemical warfare agent s . Overview . As Dr . Karen Wood , program mangager of TACTIC in the Tactical Technology Office of DARPA , explains , The purpose of the Threat Agent Cloud Tactical Intercept and Countermeasure ( TACTIC ) Program is to provide the United States ( US ) military with the capability to protect the warfighter from CWA / BWA threat clouds on the battlefield . The goal of the program is to provide a system that can rapidly detect and identify the presence of a typical threat cloud and provide a countermeasure to that cloud that will kill it before it reaches the intended target . Detection and Discrimination . The program ' s goal is to be able to detect and identify CWA / BWA threats within the time frame of one minute . Research includes such methodologies as : Removal of Threat . Upon successfully determining the nature of the CWA / BWA threat , " technologies that mimic the seeding of rain clouds will be developed for particulate bio - agents , and technologies that react with chemical agent vapor will be investigated . " When an effective system for both identifying and countering the CWA / BWA threat is engineered , DARPA will then provide a prototype which will be vigorously tested in aerosol chambers . Only after completion of chamber testing will full - scale field testing commence .
Tierra Amarilla Air Force Station Tierra Amarilla Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 8 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located southwest of Tierra Amarilla , New Mexico . It was closed in 1959 . History . In late 1951 Air Defense Command selected this site near El Vado , New Mexico as one of twenty - eight radar stations built as part of the second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . On 27 November 1950 the 767th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at El Vado , NM ( L - 44 ) . The unit was later installed at the permanent site ( LP - 8 ) several miles to the north - northeast that was activated to provide coverage for Los Alamos National Laboratory . On 1 December 1953 . the site was renamed Tierra Amarilla Air Force Station . By September 1952 , the 767th AC & W Squadron commenced operation at this new permanent site , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . The remoteness of the site from larger cities called for provision of activities at the site . A basketball league played on an outdoor court . Bingo nights and movies contributed to squadron morale . In 1953 , an indoor gymnasium was constructed to provide year round physical recreation . In the mid - 1950s , the Air Force leased land for trailers for families . By 1953 AN / FPS - 3 and AN / FPS - 5 radars were in operation . A year before the site shutdown , the AN / FPS - 5 was replaced by an AN / FPS - 6 height - finder radar . On 8 February 1959 the station was ordered closed and the squadron was inactivated . This became the first radar of the permanent ADC network to shutdown . In 1961 the station was acquired by the State of New Mexico . The New Mexico Forestry and Resource Conservation Division occupied the site brieﬂy , but it was ultimately abandoned , and turned over to Northern New Mexico Community College ( NNMCC ) by the New Mexico State Legislature for educational purposes . Northern New Mexico Community College , the owner of the site , did not have the resources to develop the site and operate it . The site was never used again . The former Tierra Amarilla Air Force Station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 26 , 2001 . It was one of the ﬁrst New Mexico sites from the Cold War to be nominated . Today , the site is abandoned with many decrepit buildings standing in various states of decay . It has all the appearance of a ghost town , unused for the past 50 years .