naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Essam al - Qamari Essam Al - Qamari ( عصام القمري , alias " Zakariyya " ) was a decorated tank commander and Major in the Egyptian army who smuggled weapons and ammunition from army strongholds for al - Jihad as a " disciple " of the late Sayyid Qutb . In February 1981 , Egyptian police arrested a man smuggling weapons who was carrying a map of the military ' s tank placements . Realising that he would likely be implicated , al - Qamari took the opportunity to disappear . He is believed to have hidden at a Gamaliyya apartment owned by Muhammad Abdelrahim al - Sharqawi , that generated profits as a turnery , before acquiring another apartment in Giza with help from Ameen Yusef al - Domeiry . Meanwhile , he acquired a number of hand grenade s for Abbud al - Zumar , and experimented trying to build a timer - detonator using a fan and a broken light bulb , although it failed . He later strenuously opposed Omar Abdel - Rahman ' s leadership of al - Gama ' a al - Islamiyya with other jihadist groups following the assassination of Anwar Sadat . In 1988 , he escaped from prison along with Khamis Muslim and Mohamed al - Aswani , ostensibly aided by Khaled Medhet al - Fiqi . When Ayman al - Zawahiri was arrested , he was immediately asked the whereabouts of al - Qamari and told them he was staying at the Gamaliyya turnery . Since they had spoken earlier in the day about meeting at the Kit Kat Mosque , Zawahiri agreed to meet as scheduled and allow the Egyptians to arrest al - Qamari when he entered . He was arrested while performing the Nafl salat .
Château de Ventadour ( Ardèche ) The Château de Ventadour is a ruined castle in the " commune " of Tournon - sur - Rhône in the Ardèche " département " of France . Situated to the south east of Meyras , the castle has architectural elements dating from the 11th , 12th , 15th and 16th centuries . Geography . The castle is situated 74 m above the confluence of Fontolière and Ardèche rivers , on a rocky outcrop , at about 373 m altitude History . The castle was built in the 12th century when the fief of Meyras belonged to the Solignacs . In 1195 , the lord of Montlaur married Miracle de Solignac and her brother , Béraud de Solignac , relinquished to them the fief . The Solignacs left at the end of the 14th century , and in 1472 the lord of Meyras married Blanche de Ventadour . The castle was not inhabited again and , at the time of the French Revolution , was described as destroyed . After the Revolution , it was largely used as a stone quarry . A painting by Jules Thibon , " Les ruines du château de Ventadour " , painted in 1860 and in a private collection , shows its state in the 19th century . Since 1969 , it has been the object of a restoration project by Pierre and Françoise Pottier and a handful of volunteers . Visitors can see a square tower , two pigeon lofts and a fortified gateway . The castle was restored by the voluntary work organisation , Union REMPART . Architecture . The castle plan is based on the typical Savoy castle model , the keep being attached to the surrounding wall . According to research works on site and a paper by Georges Grégoire , the oldest part of the castle is the square keep . The exterior fortification is accessible via a drawbridge . The square tower in the north east corner comprises vaulted rooms . The square tower in the south west corner is topped by two bartizan s dating from work carried out in the 14th century . It has been listed since 1927 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture , with additional protection in 1938 and 1960 .
Synthetic aperture sonar Synthetic aperture sonar ( SAS ) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post - processing of sonar data are used in ways closely analogous to synthetic aperture radar . Synthetic aperture sonars combine a number of acoustic pings to form an image with much higher resolution than conventional sonars , typically 10 times higher . The principle of synthetic aperture sonar is to move a sonar along a line and illuminate the same spot on the sea floor with several pings . This produces a synthetic array equal to the distance traveled . By coherent reorganization of the data from all the pings , a synthetic aperture image is produced with improved along - track resolution . In contrast to conventional side - scan sonar , SAS processing provides range - independent along - track resolution . At maximum range the resolution can be magnitudes better than that of side - scan sonars . For further reading , the Open Access Article : " Introduction to Synthetic Aperture Sonar " can be recommended as introduction for people familiar with Sonar Systems . For academics , the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering article : " Synthetic Aperture Sonar , A Review of Current Status " gives an overview of the history and an extensive list of references for the community achievements up to 2009 .
Corps of Canadian Voyageurs The Corps of Canadian Voyageurs was raised in September 1812 by the British Army as a military water transportation corps . Its mission was to maintain the supply lines between Montreal and the western posts . The corps was disbanded in March 1813 , and its mission was taken over by the Canadian branch of the British Commissariat Department , a department of HM Treasury , as the Provincial Commissariat Voyageurs . This corps was disbanded in March 1815 . Organization . The Corps of Voyageurs was organized on the initiative of the North West Company , and its " bourgeois " and " engagés " became the officers and men of the corps . The Provincial Commissariat Voyageurs had one lieutenant - colonel , one major , one captain , ten lieutenants , ten conductors ( sergeants acting as guides ) , and about 400 private men . Uniform and Equipment . The army wanted to put the corps into uniform , but that was impractical due to its duties . Instead of a uniform the men of the corps wore the dress of the ordinary civilian voyageurs . The army issued swords , pikes and pistols , but as they also were impractical they were thrown away or sold , and the men used their own rifles , axes and knives . Discipline . The corps was known for its lack of discipline , at least in comparison with the iron discipline required by the British Army . However , it fulfilled an absolutely essential function in the wilderness war . Honours . The Canadian Grenadier Guards perpetuates the honours of both corps .
Rigid Raider The Rigid Raider is a series of fast patrol / assault boat made by RTK Marine , a subsidiary of Halmatic ( now part of BAE Systems Surface Ships ) . They are in service with many armed forces , including the Royal Marines , the SBS and Royal Engineers . The boats have a glass - reinforced plastic hull and are fitted with single 115 hp Mariner Optimax outboard motor s .
Andrew J . Olmsted Andrew J . Olmsted ( 1 February 1970 – 3 January 2008 ) was a major in the U . S . Army . He was born in Bangor , Maine and educated at St . John ' s High School in Shrewsbury , MA , and Clark University . Olmsted was assigned to a battalion military transition team working with 5th Iraqi Army Division . He was killed in action by sniper fire while serving in the Iraq War . Also killed in the attack was Captain Thomas J . Casey . They were the first casualties suffered by the US Army in Iraq in 2008 . Major Olmsted ' s funeral took place on January 15 , 2008 , at Fort Carson , Colorado . His eleven - man team ( Nightmare ) likely suffered the most casualties of any transition team . Albert A . Haroutounian , an interpreter that worked with the team , was killed by a roadside bomb on March 10 , 2008 in Diyala . Captain Ulises Burgos and Specialist Matthew Morris ( who was loaned to the short - handed team by the 2 - 3 Armored Cavalry Regiment ) were killed by a roadside bomb on 6 April 2008 . His team operated from Kirkush Military Training Base ( KMTB ) near FOB Caldwell . His team operated throughout the Diyala province in support of the Iraqi Army 5th Division . Units they supported were far flung . His team had to roam from KMTB west to Baqubah and FOB Warhorse east to Mandali and along the Iranian border to the far north of Diyala . They clocked thousands of kilometers along some of the most dangerous routes in Iraq . He was known for writing the blog " From the Front Lines " for the Rocky Mountain News , and guest - posting at Obsidian Wings blog as G ' Kar . He was killed in As Sadiyah , Iraq at the age of 37 . His last blog entry was published posthumously on the Internet and in the Congressional Record .
Nimitz Class Aircraft Carrier The Nimitz Class Aircraft Carrier is the main aircraft carrier in use with the United States Navy today . It is the largest class of ship in the world . It is nuclear powered and considered to be the ultimate symbol of the United States ' Superpower status .
John Azor Kellogg John Azor Kellogg ( March 16 , 1828 – February 10 , 1883 ) was an American military leader and politician from Wisconsin . Born in Bethany , Pennsylvania , Kellogg settled in Sauk County , Wisconsin , where he studied law and was admitted to the bar . During the American Civil War , Kellogg served in the 6th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment . After the war , Kellogg was a pension agent in La Crosse , Wisconsin and then moved to Wausau , Wisconsin , where he served in the Wisconsin State Senate . Published works . Kellogg published articles about his involvement in the Civil War . In 1908 , the articles were collected and published by the Wisconsin Historical Commission as : ' Capture and Escape : A Narrative of Army and Prison Life . '
Château de Guilleragues The Château de Guilleragues is a medieval , previously ruined but restored castle in the " commune " of Saint - Sulpice - de - Guilleragues in the Gironde " département " of France . This early 14th - century castle , built at the side of a small valley , consists of a long rectangular building , composed of a fortified house flanked by two towers and two watchtowers at either extremity of an annexe of the same height , from 1564 . The lower court and the common buildings in the north east also date from the 16th century . Chateau de Guilleragues ( pronunciation : [ geeyerahg ] ) was built in many stages and went through many changes in its 800 year old history . The oldest parts and foundations date back to the 12th century . Little is known about the earliest dates and status of the structure back then . More obvious are parts built in the 13th and 14th century . The building must have been two or three separate structures initially , which were joint at some point later . The best known occupants of the castle are the De Lavergne family , who owned the castle in the 16th and 17th century . In fact , a major change took place in the 1560s , where windows were enlarged and added , doors where enlarged and many decorative features were added , changing the castle from a fortified structure with defense as its main function to a livable , more luxurious stately home . In a large , intricate relief above the main entrance with columns , symbols and lions , the year ' 1564 ' is inscribed on the family coat of arms . This portal is listed separately in the historical monument ( IMH ) register . Displayed below is the coat of arms in detail , found elsewhere within the castle . It is the combination of Lavergne and Lestonnac arms . The residence belonged in the 17th century to Gabriel - Joseph de Lavergne , Vicomte de Guilleragues , a brilliant diplomat and author of the " Les Lettres portugaises " ( En . " Letters of a Portuguese Nun " ) . Privately owned , it has been listed since 1954 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture . The castle has hidden treasures and " lost rooms " . There have been multiple " ghost sightings " .
HMS Britannia ( 1820 ) HMS " Britannia " was a 120 - gun first - rate ship - of - the - line of the Royal Navy , laid down in 1813 and launched on 20 October 1820 . Commissioned in 1823 , she saw service in the Mediterranean from 1830 - 1 and in 1841 . She was decommissioned in 1843 , before returning to service for the Crimean War , serving as flagship of Admiral Sir James Deans Dundas , commanding the British fleet in the Mediterranean and Black Sea from 1851 - 4 . She returned to England at the beginning of 1855 and that year became a hospital ship at Portsmouth , then a cadet training ship in 1859 . She was moved to Portland in 1862 , then Dartmouth in 1863 . She was finally sold for breaking up in 1869 . Her place at Dartmouth was taken by HMS " Prince of Wales " , which was renamed " Britannia " for the role . Generations of naval officers had their first taste of the navy aboard the two " Britannias " . Alumni included John Fisher , Percy Scott , John Jellicoe , Roger Keyes , William Boyle , Augustus Agar and King George V .
Magnetic pistol Magnetic pistol is the term for the device on a torpedo or naval mine that detects its target by its magnetic field , and triggers the fuse for detonation . A device to detonate a torpedo or mine on " contact " with a ship or submarine is known as a contact pistol . A magnetic pistol on a mine will allow the mine to detonate in proximity to a target , rather than actual contact , allowing the mine to cover a larger effective area . A magnetic pistol on a torpedo allows the torpedo to detonate underneath the ship , instead on impact on the side of the ship . As an explosion underneath a ship is contained between water and the ship , far more damage will be done to the ship . The explosion will lift the ship out of the water and may break the back of the ship , splitting it in two . Any hole created by the explosion will be on the bottom , causing more flooding . A contact pistol on a torpedo will require the torpedo to strike the side of the ship . Any hole created by the explosion will be closer towards the waterline , reducing flooding . The explosion will also dissipate into the air , reducing the damage . If the torpedo is fired too deep , the torpedo will not hit the ship . If the ship has a round or sloping bottom , the torpedo may glance off the bottom and not detonate . During World War II , magnetic pistols often exploded prematurely or not at all . The reason was that magnetic lines are more horizontal close to the equator than towards the poles . For example , the US Mark 6 magnetic pistol was designed and tested only once at 41° latitude ( 60° geomagnetic latitude ) at Narragansett Bay , but was primarily used in equatorial latitudes . At the equator , the signal strength to the Mark 6 magnetic pistol was only about half that of where the Mark 6 was tested . Moreover , relative velocity ( i . e . when a torpedo is fired from behind or in front of a ship ) would additionally change the abruptness of the magnetic signal , resulting in the magnetic pistol being triggered prematurely or not at all . Eventually , the US Mark 6 magnetic pistol was replaced by contact pistols ( which , in case of the US Mark 15 torpedo , proved to be unreliable as well ) . Some ships carry degaussing equipment which will reduce the signal detected by a magnetic pistol .
Orville C . Pratt Orville C . Pratt ( April 24 , 1819 - October 1891 ) was an American jurist and attorney . He served as the 2nd Associate Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court serving from 1848 to 1852 . He wrote the lone dissenting opinion in the controversy over the Oregon Territory ’ s capital between Oregon City and Salem . Early life . Pratt was born on April 24 , 1819 in Ontario County , New York . In New York he attended the Army Academy at West Point from 1837 to 1839 . He then studied law in Rochester , New York , earning admission to the state bar in 1841 . Pratt then moved to Galena , Illinois and set up practice in 1843 . Oregon . In 1849 , Pratt moved to Oregon to assume the position of judge on the Oregon Supreme Court . When he arrived he was the lone justice , so he exercised all of the judiciary ’ s powers from April 1849 until William Strong arrived 18 months later . Pratt was appointed to the position by President Polk . Then in 1852 when Franklin Pierce became President Pratt was removed as judge , and when he was nominated to become chief justice of the Oregon court Stephen A . Douglas opposed the nomination and Pratt lost the nomination to George Henry Williams . While in office Pratt was controversial . He was known for traveling outside of the territory for his own personal gain , and took every opportunity to advance his personal , business , and political goals . During the dispute over the location of the capital in the territory , he took the minority position of choosing Salem , ultimately Congress would decide the matter in Salem ’ s favor in 1852 . After leaving the court he was a judge of admiralty in Portland , Oregon in 1855 to 1856 . He also practiced law with Alexander Campbell after failing to receiving a political office . Pratt then tried to get the money from the Ewing Young estate , but ultimately the Oregon Territorial Legislature and the Oregon Supreme Court denied the payment of the funds . Later years . In 1856 , Pratt moved returned to San Francisco . There he owned the Rancho Aguas Frias and had a fortune estimated at over $ 1 million . In California , Pratt practiced law in a partnership with Alex Campbell before being elected as judge of the twelfth judicial district . He was divorced in 1877 , losing $ 750 , 000 in the divorce settlement . His wife had discovered Pratt was having an affair , and in order to avoid prosecution for adultery he agreed to the large divorce settlement . He then married his former mistress . Later in New York he was involved in a gambling issue where he refused to testify due to self incrimination issues . In 1886 , the University of Oregon granted Pratt an honorary doctor of laws degree . Orville C . Pratt died in San Francisco in October 1891 .
Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana The Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana occurred in 842 between the forces of Nepocian , who had been elected by the nobility to succeed Alfonso II of Asturias , and Ramiro , a kinsman of the dead king . It resulted in Nepocian ' s defeat , allowing the victor to succeed to the Asturian throne as Ramiro I . It occurred by the river Narcea , at a bridge at Cornellana ( " Curniana " en Asturian ) , in Salas .
Podolska Cavalry Brigade Podolska Cavalry Brigade ( Polish : " Podolska Brygada Kawalerii " ) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period . It was created on April 1 , 1937 out of the 6th Independent Cavalry Brigade . Its headquarters were stationed in Stanisławów and the brigade consisted of these units : Polish September Campaign . Originally , the Brigade , under Colonel Leon Strzelecki , was part of the Łódź Army , but after change of plans , it was transferred to the Poznań Army . On September 1 , 1939 , it unloaded in the operational area of the Army , but during the first week of the war , it was not engaged in combat . On September 8 , it covered right wing of the Polish forces , during the Battle of the Bzura . Together with Polish 25th Infantry Division , it consisted offensive force of the Poznań Army , fighting German 221 I . D . of General Johann Pflugbeil . After Polish defeat , remnants of the Brigade managed to break into the Kampinos Forest , from where , together with units of Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade and Pomeranian Cavalry Brigade , they fought their way into besieged Warsaw .
Kosmos 2312 Kosmos 2312 ( meaning " Cosmos 2312 " ) is a Russian US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1995 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 2312 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 20 : 10 UTC on 24 May 1995 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1995 - 026A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 23584 .
Thomas Rainsborough Thomas Rainsborough ( 1610 – 30 October 1648 ) , or Rainborough or Raineborough or Rainborowe or Rainbow or Rainborow , was a prominent figure in the English Civil War , and was the leading spokesman for the Levellers in the Putney Debates . Life . He was the son of William Rainsborough , a captain and Vice - Admiral in the Royal Navy , and Ambassador to Morocco ( for his services to end white slavery he was offered a baronetcy , which he declined ) . Before the war , Thomas and his brother , William Rainsborowe , were both involved in an expedition to the Puritan Providence Island colony , off the coast of Nicaragua . Rainsborough commanded the " Swallow " and other English naval vessels in the first civil war . By May 1645 , he was a colonel in the New Model Army , taking an active part in the battles at Naseby and at Bristol . Later that year , he captured the symbolic stronghold of Berkeley Castle . In 1646 , he helped conclude the Siege of Worcester . In January 1647 , Rainsborough became a member of parliament for Droitwich . Putney Debates . He was the highest ranking supporter of the Ranters in the New Model Army and one of the speakers for the Leveller side in the Putney Debates ( July 1647 ) , where he opposed any deal with the King . He also came with a sense of personal grievance against Oliver Cromwell . In early 1648 , he was due to return to the Navy as a Vice - Admiral , but his Leveller sympathies were unpopular with some officers , and a mutiny ensued . He was returned to Army service . Death . In October , Rainsborough was sent by his commander , Sir Thomas Fairfax , to the siege at Pontefract Castle , where he was killed by four Royalists during a bungled kidnap attempt . Cromwell ' s disfavor , as well as tensions between Rainsborough and the commander he was displacing , Henry Cholmeley , who later defected to the Royalists , led many at the time , and some historians today , to question whether there was some Parliamentary complicity in his death . His funeral was the occasion for a large Leveller - led demonstration in London , with thousands of mourners wearing the Levellers ' ribbons of sea - green and bunches of rosemary for remembrance in their hats . He was buried as St John ' s church , Wapping . After his death , his brother , William Rainsborowe continued in the Ranter cause . In popular culture . Thomas Rainsborough is portrayed by Michael Fassbender in the Channel 4 drama , " The Devil ' s Whore " . He plays a minor but crucial role in " Traitor ' s Field " by Robert Wilton , published in May 2013 by Corvus , an imprint of Atlantic Books . Wapping plaque unveiling 2013 . The Sealed Knot , the English Civil War re - enactment group , has had a Rainsborough ' s Company since the early 1980s that honours the memory of Colonel Thomas Rainsborough . It continues today as one of the alternative identities portrayed by the Tower Hamlets Trayned Bandes . In May 2013 it participated in the unveiling of a plaque in memory of Rainsborough at St John ' s , Wapping .