naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal The European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6 , 1942 by issued by President Franklin D . Roosevelt . The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had performed military duty in the European Theater ( to include North Africa and the Middle East ) during the years of the Second World War . Colored bands representing Germany ( on the ribbon ' s left side ) , Italy ( on the ribbon ' s right side ) , and the United States ( in the center of the ribbon ) are visible in the ribbon . The brown and green areas of the ribbon represent the terrain of the area of conflict , which ranged from beaches and sand , to grass and woodlands , to mountains . Originally known as the “ EAME Ribbon ” , the European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is awarded for any service performed between December 7 , 1941 and March 2 , 1946 provided such service was performed in the geographical theater areas of Europe , North Africa , or the Middle East . For those service members who participated in one or more military campaigns , Service stars are authorized to be worn on the medal . The Arrowhead device is also authorized to be worn on the medal for those who participated in airborne or amphibious assault landings ; the Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia is also authorized for wear on the medal for sailors attached to the Marine Corps . The following military campaigns are recognized by service stars to the European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal . For those service members who did not participate in a designated battle campaign , the following " blanket campaigns " are authorized to the European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal , denoted by service stars The Pacific Theater counterpart to the European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was the Asiatic - Pacific Campaign Medal . The European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded as a service ribbon throughout the entire Second World War and it was not until 1947 that a full sized medal was authorized . The medal was designed by Thomas Hudson Jones . The reverse side was designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman and is the same design as used on the reverse of the Asiatic - Pacific and American Campaign Medal s . The first recipient of the European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower who was presented the medal in recognition of his service as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II .
Fort des Hautes Perches Fort des Hautes Perches was built between 1874 and 1877 in Danjoutin and Belfort in northeastern France . It is part of the first ring of fortifications around the city of Belfort . The Forts des Perches were unique among the first group in their re - use of older sites . They were rebuilt as part of the Séré de Rivières system and incorporated improvements to deal with the improvement in efficacy of artillery in the late 19th century . The fort was built at an elevation of 443 meters . The Fort des Hautes Perches is small compared to others in the Belfort defensive array , although it is somewhat larger than the Fort des Basses Perches about one kilometer away to the southwest . It accommodated 216 soldiers , 8 non - commissioned officers , and 4 officers . Initial cost was 1 , 062 , 780 francs d ' or . It was initially armed with 5 155mm long guns , 8 138mm guns , 2 121mm guns , and one 32mm mortar . The fort is presently in poor condition . It remains the property of the French Army and is not accessible to the public .
5th Connecticut Regiment The 5th Connecticut Regiment was raised on April 27 , 1775 at Danbury , Connecticut under the command of David Waterbury . The Regiment was one of six formed by the Connecticut Legislature in response to the hostilities at Lexington and Concord , Massachusetts . The Fifth would see its first action during the Invasion of Canada . As was the practice during the first few years of the war , the New England troops were engaged only until year ' s end and the original Fifth Connecticut Regiment was disbanded on December 13 , 1775 . It would not see National service during 1776 , but a State Regiment , organized by Colonel Philip Burr Bradley , did serve in the New York and New Jersey campaign . The Fifth returned to Continental duty at the beginning of 1777 . The Regiment went on to fight at the Battle of Ridgefield , Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Monmouth . The Regiment was merged along with the 7th Conn . into the 2nd Conn . on January 1 , 1781 . The Fifth was furloughed June 15 , 1783 at West Point , New York and disbanded on November 15 , 1783 .
Spanish destroyer José Luis Díez She was named after Teniente de Navío José Luis Díez y Pérez Muñoz . Civil War . The ship sailed into Biscay in 1936 and was anchored off Santurce for some time . She received the nickname " Pepe el del puerto " ( " Joe of the harbor " ) , for her perceived inactivity . On 20 April 1937 , she was involved in a friendly fire incident when her anti - aircraft guns shot down Felipe del Río ' s Polikarpov I - 15 . The gunners mistook the aircraft for a German fighter . On 31 May of the same year , the Police and the " Marina de Guerra Auxiliar de Euzkadi " took control of the " José Luis Díez " and the " Císcar " . At the request of the Republican government , the ships embarked more than 200 sailors of the auxiliary Navy from Euzkadi to replace their original crews , who had been deemed untrustworthy . The ships were eventually returned to their original crews . On 10 June 1937 , " Císcar " , under the command of Alférez de Navío Juan Antonio Castro and " Jose Luis Díez " commanded by teniente de navío Evaristo Lopez engaged the cruiser " Cervera " ( capitán de navío Manuel Moreu ) . The result was inconclusive . " Jose Luis Díez " and " Ciscar " left Bilbao on 15 June 1937 , heading for France . They were loaded with refugees and several civilian and military personalities , shortly before the Nationalists entered Bilbao . Both ships went on to Santander , and after its fall , to Gijon . The " Jose Luis Díez " then took refuge in Falmouth , England where , among others , the commander , the engine room chief and the navigator deserted . Subsequently , the destroyer sailed to Le Havre , France . She then used her strong resemblance to a British destroyer as part of a ruse in an attempt to break the blockade of the Gibraltar Strait and return to the Mediterranean Sea in June 1938 . During the trip , she sank two Nationalist - flagged trawlers . The ship was painted with the pennant number of HMS " Grenville " and used the Royal Navy flag , but she was intercepted by the heavy cruiser " Canarias " and other ships . After two frustrated attempts , she was badly hit and forced into Gibraltar on 29 August 1938 , where she underwent repairs while looking for an opportunity to try again . On the night of 29 / 30 December , she left Gibraltar prepared for a new attempt , but was spotted by the gunboat " Calvo Sotelo " . A close - range battle ensued between the destroyer and several rebel ships , including the gunboat - minelayer " Vulcano " . She was beached at Catalan Bay in Gibraltar to avoid being sunk or captured . The crew were returned to the Republican side by the British . Post Civil War . In March 1939 the British government , delivered the ship to the Nationalists . She was taken back by the gunboat " Calvo Sotelo " . " José Luis Díez " was decommissioned and scrapped in 1965 .
3rd Fighter Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 3rd Fighter Division is a unit of the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army Air Force ( PLA - AF ) . Initially established in 1950 . PLA - AF fighter divisions generally consist of about 17 , 000 personnel and 70 - 120 aircraft .
Lord Charles Wellesley Major - General Lord Charles Wellesley ( 16 January 1808 – 9 October 1858 ) was a British politician , soldier and courtier . He was the second son of Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington , and Catherine Pakenham . He married Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont , daughter of The Hon . Henry Pierrepont , on 9 July 1844 . Wellesley represented the Conservative Party as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for South Hampshire from 1842 to 1852 , and the MP for Windsor from 1852 to 1855 . He was also a Chief Equerry and Clerk Marshall to Queen Victoria . His older brother , Arthur Wellesley , 2nd Duke of Wellington , died in 1884 with no heirs and Lord Charles ' s eldest surviving son , Henry Wellesley , inherited his uncle ' s dukedom . Lord Charles ' s second son succeeded his childless brother as Duke of Wellington in 1900 . Children . He had six children :
Halbert E . Paine Halbert Eleazer Paine ( February 4 , 1826April 14 , 1905 ) was a lawyer , politician , and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He was a three - term postbellum U . S . Congressman from Wisconsin . Biography . Paine was born in Chardon , Ohio , and was the first cousin of future general Eleazar A . Paine . After attending the common schools , he graduated from Western Reserve College in 1845 and moved to Mississippi for a year to teach school . He returned to Cleveland to study law . He passed his bar exam in 1848 and established a practice . He moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin , in 1857 and continued his legal career . American Civil War . With the outbreak of the Civil War , Paine entered the Union army as the colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin Volunteer Regiment . On April 9 , 1863 , President Abraham Lincoln appointed Paine brigadier general of volunteers , to rank from March 13 , 1863 . The President had nominated Paine for the promotion on March 12 , 1863 and the U . S . Senate had confirmed the appointment on March 13 , 1863 . Paine led the Third Division of the Army of the Gulf in an assault on Priest Gap during the Battle of Port Hudson , where he suffered a wound that necessitated the amputation of his leg . After his recovery , Paine commanded troops in the defenses of Washington , D . C . during Jubal A . Early ' s raid in 1864 . He resigned from the army on May 15 , 1865 and returned to Wisconsin . On December 11 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Paine for appointment to the brevet grade of major general of volunteers , to rank from March 13 , 1865 , and the U . S . Senate confirmed the appointment on February 6 , 1867 . Politics . Paine , a Republican , was elected to the 39th , 40th and 41st Congress , serving from March 4 , 1865 till March 3 , 1871 . He represented Wisconsin ' s 1st congressional district . He was a delegate to the Philadelphia loyalists ' convention of 1866 . In 1869 , he championed the passage of a bill that provided for taking meteorological observations in the interior of the continent . He served as chairman of the Committee on Militia ( Fortieth Congress ) , and the Committee on Elections ( Forty - first Congress ) . After the expiration of his third term in Congress , he retired from politics and chose not to accept renomination . Law . Paine then practiced law in Washington , D . C . for several years before accepting President Ulysses S . Grant ' s appointment as the United States Commissioner of Patents in 1879 , serving in that post for two years . In 1888 , he authored " Paine on Contested Elections . " He died April 14 , 1905 in Washington D . C . and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Robert Hanson ( United States Army Air Forces ) Robert Hanson ( 1920 – 2005 ) was a World War II U . S . Army Air Forces flier . He served as the radio operator and as a gunner on the Flying Fortress Memphis Belle , the first U . S . bomber to complete 25 missions in Europe . After the war , he went into business in Mesa , Arizona . He was the last surviving member of the crew .
Bacurius the Iberian Bacurius was a Roman general and a member of the royal family of Iberia ( modern Georgia ) mentioned by several Greco - Roman authors of the 4th and 5th centuries . It is accepted , but not universally , that all these refer to the same person , an Iberian " king " or " prince " , who joined the Roman military ranks . Scholarly opinion is divided whether Bacurius can be identified with one of the kings named Bakur ( ) , attested in medieval Georgian annals , who might have taken refuge in territories obtained by the Eastern Roman Empire during the Roman – Persian Wars that were fought over the Caucasus . Ammianus Marcellinus , Tyrannius Rufinus , and Zosimus report that Bacurius was " king of Iberians " , but Gelasius of Caesarea does not call him king , but merely scion of the kings of Iberia . Bacurius was a " tribunus sagittariorum " at the Battle of Adrianople with the Goths in 378 and then served as " dux Palaestinae " and " comes domesticorum " until 394 , when he became " magister militum " and commanded a " barbarian " contingent in Emperor Theodosius I ’ s ( r . 379 – 395 ) campaign against the Roman usurper Eugenius and met his death , according to Zosimus , at the Battle of the Frigidus . According to Socrates of Constantinople , Bacurius had also fought in Theodosius ' s earlier campaign against Magnus Maximus . All contemporary sources are unequivocal in praising Bacurius ' s military skills and courage . Rufinus , whom Bacurius visited several times on the Mount of Olives and served him as a source of Iberia ’ s conversion to Christianity , describes the general as a pious Christian , while the rhetorician Libanius , with whom Bacurius held correspondence , evidently regards him as a pagan and praises him both as a soldier and a man of culture .
Phoenix breakwaters The Phoenix breakwaters were a set of reinforced concrete caisson s built as part of the artificial Mulberry harbour s that were assembled as part of the follow - up to the Normandy landings during World War II . They were constructed by civil engineering contractors around the coast of Britain . They were collected at Dungeness and Selsey , and then towed across the English Channel and sunk to form the Mulberry harbour breakwaters replacing the initial ' Gooseberry ' block ships . Further caisson were added in the autumn of 1944 to re - enforce the existing structure to cope with the harbour continuing in use longer than planned . Several Phoenix breakwaters are still in use in Britain : two are part of the harbour off Castletown at Portland Harbour and two can be dived in less than 10 metres of water off Pagham . There is also a smaller Phoenix Caisson ( type C ) in Langstone Harbour . A wrecked Phoenix Breakwater is also to be seen , broken in two , in the Thames estuary off Shoebury Ness in Essex . It broke while being towed from Harwich in June 1944 . To avoid it causing a hazard to shipping in the Thames estuary , it was beached on the mud on the northern edge of the Thames dredged shipping channel . It is about a mile from the beach . It is not quite covered at high tide , but it is topped by a beacon to warn shipping of its presence . It makes an interesting destination for a walk at low tide . The hole it has gouged in the mud around it can be used as a swimming pool , where reckless youngsters can use the Phoenix itself as a diving platform . Many unfamiliar with the mudflats have been trapped by the tide and the confusing , changeable channels and have had to be rescued by the nearby RNLI station . Four Phoenix breakwaters were used in the Netherlands to plug a gap in the dyke at Ouwerkerk after the North Sea Flood of 1953 . They have now been converted into a museum for the floods called the Watersnoodmuseum . You can walk through the four caissons .
35th Arkansas Infantry Regiment The 35th Arkansas Infantry ( 1862 – 1865 ) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War . The unit was originally organized as 17th ( Griffiths ) Arkansas Infantry Regiment and later reorganized as the 35th Arkansas . The unit was finally reorganized as the 22nd Arkansas Infantry Regiment . Organization . 35th Arkansas Infantry Regiment was organized during the summer of 1862 and later redesignated as the 22nd Arkansas Infantry Regiment . It was organized from remnants of the 17th ( Griffiths ) Arkansas Infantry Regiment and former Militia members who enlisted in the summer of 1862 . It was also known as the 1st ( Rector ' s War Regiment ) Arkansas Infantry . The unit was placed in Fagan ' s and A . T . Hawthorne ' s Brigade , Trans - Mississippi Department . Its commanding officers were Colonels Frank Rector , James P . King and Henry J . McCord , Lieutenant Colonel John W . Wallace , and Majors John J . Dillard and Mark T . Tatum . Battles . Under the command of Colonel James P . King , the 35th Arkansas fought at the Battle of Bayou Fourche and the Battle of Helena where it reported 75 casualties . Later , under the command of Colonel Henry J . McCord , the unit saw action at the Battle of Jenkins ' Ferry .
VII Reserve Corps ( German Empire ) The VII Reserve Corps ( ) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I . Formation . VII Reserve Corps was formed on the outbreak of the war in August 1914 as part of the mobilisation of the Army . It was initially commanded by General der Infanterie Hans von Zwehl , recalled from retirement . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 1st Army , " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " on the Western Front . Structure on formation . On formation in August 1914 , VII Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions , made up of reserve units . In general , Reserve Corps and Reserve Divisions were weaker than their active counterparts In summary , VII Reserve Corps mobilised with 24 infantry battalions , 8 machine gun companies ( 48 machine guns ) , 6 cavalry squadrons , 12 field artillery batteries ( 72 guns ) and 3 pioneer companies . 14th Reserve Division was slightly stronger than the norm as it included an active infantry brigade . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , VII Reserve Corps was assigned to the 2nd Army forming part of the right wing of the forces that invaded France and Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . Commanders . VII Reserve Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Stridsvagn L - 100 and 101 Landsverk L - 100 ( L - 100 ) was a prototype design by Landsverk in 1933 - 34 . It was designed as an ultra - light tank weighing just 4 . 5 tones . It was armed with a single machine gun , Its max speed was 55 km / h . It never entered service with the Swedish army . The only known photo ( see photo link ) of the tank indicates also a 20mm gun version maybe installed later on to the prototype . Landsverk L - 101 which actually preceded the L - 100 was an ultra - light weight tank destroyer armed with a 20mm Cannon . This design never got beyond the drawing board . References . 1 . Tanks of the World 1915 - 1945 by Peter Chamberlain and Chris Ellis 1972 / 2002 p 160 . < br > 2 . Swedish Armor http : / / mailer . fsu . edu / ~ akirk / tanks / swe / Swedish . htm
Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg Count Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg ( 27 May 1684 – 26 May 1774 ) was an Austrian general . Born in Schwaigern , he descended from an ancient comital family from Swabia , his father Count Eberhard Friedrich von Neipperg ( 1655 – 1725 ) having been an Imperial field marshal . He spent his boyhood in Vienna and in 1702 joined the Imperial service . He was a " Obristlieutnant " in his father ' s regiment in 1709 , and by 1715 was a colonel . He distinguished himself at Temesvar in 1716 and at Belgrade in 1717 . After fighting against the Turks , he renounced his military career in order to attend to the education of Prince Francis of Lorraine , the future Holy Roman Emperor . Neipperg was with Fieldmarshal Wallis , at the Battle of Grocka and negotiated the Peace of Belgrade ( 1739 ) . Two years later , during the War of Austrian Succession , he commanded the Austrian Army which was defeated at the Battle of Mollwitz by Frederick II of Prussia . His daughter , Maria Wilhelmina von Neipperg , became mistress of Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor . His grandson Adam Albert von Neipperg married Napoleon ' s widow Marie Louise . He died at Vienna in 1774 , just one day before his 90th birthday .
Arthur Morris ( bishop ) Arthur Harold Morris ( 20 February 1898 – 15 October 1977 ) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century . Morris was educated at Fitzwilliam College , Cambridge and ordained in 1923 . He held incumbencies at Great Clacton and St Mark ’ s Hamilton Terrace , was then Rural Dean of St Marylebone before wartime service as a chaplain with the RAF . When the war ended he became Archdeacon of Halifax before his ordination to the episcopate as the third Bishop of Pontefract with the additional office of Archdeacon of Pontefract . He was translated to be the Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich in 1954 . He retired in 1965 .
Mark Wilkerson ( conscientious objector ) Army Specialist Mark Wilkerson ( born 1984 in Colorado Springs , Colorado , USA ) was in Iraq as an American soldier and Iraq war objector . Wilkerson enlisted in the US Army in the summer of his junior year of high school , before the September 11 attacks , through a delayed entry program . He served in a military police battalion and was deployed to Iraq . After returning from his first deployment , he came up with the conclusion that the American armed forces were not there for the reasons stated . He felt no longer able to serve the military in any aspect . After his first tour in Iraq , Wilkerson had filed for conscientious objector status but was denied . He appealed but would not be heard until returning from a second tour in Iraq what he found unacceptable . In consequence Wilkerson did not return to his unit after a two - weeks leave . In 2005 he went absence without leave ( AWOL ) for 19 months and then 2006 turned himself in to his unit . With support of Cindy Sheehan ' s group , he returned to Fort Hood to face court - martial . Wilkerson was convicted and sentenced to seven months in military prison with a Bad Conduct Discharge for violations of Article 85 ( desertion ) and an Article 87 ( missing movement ) . He was released from prison July 13 , 2007 .