naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade The Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade , also known as Brutinel ' s Brigade or the Brutinel Brigade , was the first fully mechanized unit of the British Army . It was established on September 2 , 1914 in Ottawa , Canada , as Automobile Machine Gun Brigade No . 1 by Canadian Brigadier - General Raymond Brutinel , who initiated the program and was the unit ' s first commander . The unit played a significant part in halting the major German offensive of March 1918 . The Brigade was originally equipped with 8 Armoured Autocars mounting 2 Colt Model 1914 machine guns ( later replaced with the standard British Vickers MG ) manufactured by Autocar in Ardmore , Pennsylvania . Autocar also supplied 6 unarmoured support vehicles , 4 " roadsters " for the Brigade ' s officers , and an ambulance . In 1918 Brutinel ' s force consisted of 1st and 2nd Canadian Motor MG Brigades ( each of 5x8 gun batteries ) , Canadian Cyclist battalion , one section of medium trench - mortars mounted on lorries ( plus an assumed wireless and medical support ) This totalled 80 machine guns and about 300 cyclist infantry .
USS Judge Torrence ( 1862 ) USS " Judge Torrence " ( 1862 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as an ammunition ship in support of the Union Navy . Purchased for use as an ammunition ship . " Judge Torrence " was a steamer purchased by the U . S . War Department 10 February 1862 for use as an ordnance ship in the Western Gunboat Flotilla organized by the Union Army on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers soon after the outbreak of the American Civil War . She was transferred to the Union Navy 30 September 1862 and commissioned at Cairo , Illinois , 25 December , Comdr . Le Roy Fitch in command . Providing Union ships on the Mississippi with ammunition . " Judge Torrence " departed Cairo 14 March 1862 to supply the flotilla with ammunition during operations against Island No . 10 . She continued to support Union mortars and gunboats throughout the operations which wrested control of the Mississippi River and her tributaries from the South , cutting the Confederacy in two . Praise from the admiral . After the Confederate surrender of Vicksburg Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter praised " Judge Torrence " and sister ordnance ship " Great Western " for : " Judge Torrence " continued to provide efficient and vital service throughout the war . Post - war decommissioning , sale , and subsequent civilian career . " Judge Torrence " decommissioning at Cairo 1 August 1865 . She was sold at public auction at Mound City , Illinois , to John A . Williamson et al . 17 August 1865 . Redocumented as " Amazon " 2 January 1866 , she served American commerce until she sank after striking a snag off Ozark Island , Arkansas , 19 February 1868 .
Alexander Scott ( Medal of Honor ) Alexander Scott ( August 19 , 1844 – May 27 , 1923 ) was a soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle of Monocacy , Maryland . Biography . Alexander Scott was the only son ( he had two sisters Margaret and Flora ) of Alexander and Mary Ann ( Day ) Scott . He was born in Montreal in 1844 , but his parents moved to Burlington , Vermont when he was six years old . His father enlisted in Co . I , Fifth Regiment Vermont Volunteers and died from wounds at Annapolis , MD on Oct 19 , 1862 . Scott entered service with 10th Vermont Infantry Regiment as a private at Winooski , Vermont on August 2 , 1862 . He was promoted to corporal and was assigned to the color guard . On October 19 , 1864 Scott was severely wounded in the right thigh by a musket ball at Cedar Creek , Virginia . After recovering he rejoined his regiment on the march to Danville , Virginia in April 1865 . He returned with his regiment to Burlington , VT and was discharged July 3 , 1865 . His commanding officer Major Lydon , in recommending him for the Medal of Honor , stated , " during all the above period with the Color Guard , Corporal Scott refused promotion for the honor of remaining in that important and hazardous service " . He first married Hattie Conklin in Flint , Michigan . She died in Washington , D . C . in 1876 . He married his second wife Alice V . Skippon on September 4 , 1878 in Washington , D . C . He had two sons , William H . Scott ( b . 1869 ) and Charles A . Scott by his first wife and two children May and Alexander by his second wife . However in 1916 Alexander Scott wrote " all children dead " on a pension application and in 1923 his widow stated " no children surviving " on her application for a widow ' s pension . He died on May 27 , 1923 in Washington , D . C . at the age of 78 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Citation :
HMS Inflexible ( 1780 ) HMS " Inflexible " was a 64 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 7 March 1780 at Harwich . In 1783 , she fought in the Battle of Cuddalore . Because " Inflexible " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign ( 8 March to 8 September 1801 ) , her officers and crew qualified for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorized in 1850 to all surviving claimants . In 1807 she was present at the Battle of Copenhagen , joining on 7 August off Helsingor ( Captain Joshua Rowley Watson ) . " Inflexible " became a storeship in 1793 , and was eventually broken up in 1820 .
24th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its callsign was the . History . The 24th Division was formed in Harbin , Manchukuo on 6 October 1939 , as part of the Manchukuo territorial defense force under overall command of the 5th Army group of the Kwantung Army . In July 1944 , it was withdrawn to Japan , and assigned to Okinawa prefecture as part of the final defense of the Japanese home islands against the American invasion . It was annihilated during the Battle of Okinawa . Organization . The Order of Battle of the 24th Division included : IJA 24th Division Allentown , PA : 1981
Gongsun Zan Gongsun Zan ( died 199 ) , Bogui , was a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty . Life . Not much is known of his early life but that he studied under Lu Zhi with Liu Bei , and was appreciated by a mayor surnamed Hou who made Gongsun his son - in - law . He was deployed by He Jin to quash rebellions in the north which he did successfully . Following a misunderstanding with his lord , Liu Yu , he attacked him and won control of the surrounding area ; however , contrary to popular belief , he never formally received the title of prefect . During this time his former classmate Liu Bei came to serve him and got allocated the city of Pingyuan to defend . Two cousins now formed the power in China , Yuan Shao in the north in direct competition with Gongsun Zan and Yuan Shu . Following a disagreement between the two , Gongsun Zan formed an alliance with Yuan Shu and sent his nephew Gongsun Yue to help Yuan Shu ' s general Sun Jian retake Yangcheng . However , Gongsun Yue died in the campaign . Using this pretext , Gongsun Zan fought against Yuan Shao after a plan to gain Han Fu ' s lands went awry . However Gongsun Zan eventually lost this and committed suicide killing also his wife and sisters , and his son Gongsun Xu would also be killed in battle later . In fiction . Gongsun was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty , fighting against various non Han Chinese peoples . In 191 , Gongsun enlisted as part of the coalition against Dong Zhuo , the warlord who had seized power in Luoyang and held the emperor hostage , but used the opportunity to enlarge his territories . In late 191 , Gongsun Zan appointed Zhao Yun as a general . Zhao Yun later joined another member of the attack on Dong Zhuo , Liu Bei who also served him at one point along with his comrades Guan Yu and Zhang Fei . Gongsun Zan and Liu Bei had known each other for years having studied together in their younger days . Throughout the 190s he fought a series of battles with the warlord Yuan Shao for control of north China , starting with the Battle of Jieqiao . He was defeated by Yuan in 199 in the Battle of Yijing and committed suicide by burning the pagoda he was on . Gongsun Zan was known as " General of Baima " and renowned for his brigade of elite cavalry from Baima , made up completely of horses of pure white ( " Baima " means " white horse " in modern Standard Mandarin Chinese ) . It seems he hit on the tactic of using all white horses in battle when he learned the barbarians he was then fighting against considered the animals sacred and would run from them instead of fighting .
Isaac Littell Isaac Littell was a United States officer , a Brigadier General in the United States Army , who was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal for meritorious and distinguished service during World War I . Specifically , Littell was honored for building the camps and cantonment s of the Army raised in the summer of 1917 as chief of the Cantonment Division of the Quartermaster General ' s Office . Then a colonel , Littell was the first head of the Cantonment Division ( later renamed the Construction Division ) after its creation in May , 1917 . The division was charged with building for the draft army and United States National Guard camps , embarkation camps , terminals , arsenal s , chemical plant s , plants for the manufacture of explosives and their ingredients , hospitals and warehouses . Its first chore was to create , within 70 days , 16 Army camps with essential utilities and transportation routes , capable of sustaining 45 , 000 people each , while within the same time frame constructing the same number of smaller camps for the National Guard .
John Nation Brigadier General John James Henry Nation CVO , DSO ( 5 December 1874 – 5 November 1946 ) was a British Army officer who became a Conservative Party politician . He was elected at the 1931 general election as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Hull East , defeating the sitting Labour MP George Muff . At the 1935 general election , Nation lost the seat to Muff , and never stood for election to the House of Commons again .
Abdussattar Shaikh Abdussattar Shaikh ' ( ar عبد الستار شيخ ) ( born " Abdussattar Chhipa " ) is an FBI informant who was called " The FBI ' s Best Chance to Uncover September 11th Before it Happened " by the Joint Congressional 9 . 11 Intelligence Committee . In 2000 , two of the September 11 hijackers , Nawaf Alhazmi and Khalid Almihdhar moved in with Abdussattar . However , he did not provide his FBI contact Steven Butler with any information about the two ; Butler claims that the names " Nawaf and Khalid " were only mentioned in casual conversation as two students who had rented rooms from him , and that once Abdussattar had cut a phone call short stating that " Khalid ' s in the room " . Butler later asked Shaikh for their surnames , but was not given them . He was not told they were pursuing flight training , and that the students were non - political and have done nothing to arouse suspicion . The CIA had not provided names to the FBI which could have prevented 9 - 11 . The FBI has aroused suspicion of its own for claiming that he was a retired professor of English at San Diego State and Vice President for International Projects at American Commonwealth University . However it turned out that SDSU had no records of ever staffing him , and ACU was merely a scam - diploma mill similar to those seen in countless e - Mail forwards , though this one started by retired Air Force General William Lyon . Citizens Review Board on Police Practices . Shaikh sat on San Diego ' s Citizens Review Board on Police Practices ( CRBPP ) during the time frame of his co - operation with the FBI . Ethical questions arose about his qualifications for city employment , as active police informants are precluded from employment on police oversight committees for obvious reasons . Joe Cantlupe was one reporter whose articles about Shaikh and the CRBPP appeared in the San Diego Union - Tribune . Shaikh was later removed from the board .
Lancelot Lowther , 6th Earl of Lonsdale Lancelot Edward Lowther , 6th Earl of Lonsdale , OBE , DL ( 25 June 1867 – 11 March 1953 ) was an English peer , the youngest son of Henry Lowther , 3rd Earl of Lonsdale . Lowther was educated at Malvern College and Magdalene College , Cambridge . At Cambridge , he was a member of the University Pitt Club . On 13 October 1886 Lowther was made lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion , The Border Regiment ( The Royal Cumberland Militia ) . On 24 April 1889 , he married Gwendoline Sheffield ( d . 1921 ) , daughter of Sir Robert Sheffield , 5th Baronet , by whom he had three children : Soon thereafter , he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant in the counties his family had traditionally dominated , Cumberland ( 21 November 1891 ) and Westmorland ( 26 January 1892 ) . In keeping with the family tradition , he enjoyed sports and , by 1905 , was a Master of the Drag ( drag hunting ) and the Deputy Master of the Quorn . During World War I , he served in the Middle East , and after the war received the OBE ( 3 June 1919 ) and the Order of the Nile , 4th Class ( 16 January 1920 ) . On 3 June 1922 , the aging Lowther , now 55 , resigned his deputy lieutenancy of Westmorland . His first wife , Gwendoline , having died in 1921 , he married Sybil Feetham on 8 October 1923 , by whom he had one son : In 1944 , he finally succeeded to the Earldom of Lonsdale on the death of his childless brother , Hugh . Hugh ' s free - spending , sporting life had largely wrecked the estate , and he was forced to auction off the contents of Lowther Castle in 1947 . This proved to be the largest English country house sale of the 20th Century . Lonsdale ' s eldest son Anthony predeceased him in 1949 ; Lonsdale himself died in 1953 , and was succeeded by his grandson James .
HMS Brunswick ( 1790 ) HMS " Brunswick " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 30 April 1790 at Deptford . " Brunswick " ' s first captain , Sir Hyde Parker , was appointed in May 1790 during the Spanish Armament . At the end of that year he was superseded by Sir Roger Curtis , under whom " Brunswick " spent most of 1791 at Spithead until the settlement of the Russian Armament without hostility in late August . She then paid off , but was immediately recommissioned to serve as a guardship in Portsmouth Harbour , and continued in that role through 1792 , except for a brief period spent in the " Evolution Squadron " . On 29 October 1792 , three condemned mutineer s of the Mutiny on the Bounty were hanged from her yardarm s . Following the outbreak of the French Revolutionary War Captain John Harvey took command of " Brunswick " , and saw service in the Channel Fleet under the overall command of Admiral Earl Howe . She fought at the Glorious First of June in 1794 , suffering the highest casualty toll of any Royal Navy ship present in the battle , with 45 killed and 114 wounded , including Captain Harvey who died of the wounds he received while sinking the French ship " Vengeur du Peuple " . William Browell was made acting captain . Having lost her mizenmast in the action , " Brunswick " drifted away to leeward of the retreating enemy fleet , but made all available sail to head northward for the safety of a home port . Under Captain Lord Charles Fitzgerald she was part of Admiral William Cornwallis ' s squadron which fell in with and escaped from a much superior French fleet in June 1795 . She sailed to Jamaica carrying the flag of Rear - Admiral Richard Rodney Bligh in June 1796 , and remained on that station until 1800 . In 1812 " Brunswick " was on harbour service , and she was broken up in 1826 .
Polish 112th Fighter Escadrille The 112th Fighter Escadrille of the Polish Air Force ( Polish : " 112 . Eskadra Myśliwska " ) was one of the fighter units of the Polish Army . History . The Escadrille was created in 1919 by a merger of the earlier 18th Reconnaissance Escadrille and the 19th Fighter Escadrille . In September 1939 the 112th Fighter Escadrille was incorporated into the Pursuit Brigade . Crew and equipment . On 1 September 1939 the escadrille had 10 planes : 6 PZL P . 11c and 4 PZL P . 11 a . The air crew consisted of : commanding officer captain Tadeusz Opulski , his deputy Lieutenant Stefan Stanisław Okrzeja , and 15 other pilots :
Cavalry corps ( Red Army ) The cavalry corps ( ) of the Workers and Peasant Red Army was a type of military formation that existed from the early days of the Russian Civil War until 1947 when the Red Army was renamed as the Soviet Army and all cavalry corps were disbanded . The cavalry corps represented the foundation of large mobile formations in the Red Army , and most were converted to mechanised and motorised corps during the 1930s . However , due to severe loses in vehicles by the Red Army following the German invasion of USSR many more cavalry corps were raised . These corps initially included two cavalry divisions , two self - propelled artillery regiments and a signals battalion . During 1943 another cavalry division was added , and all divisions received a tank regiment . Despite the name , for the most part the troops of the cavalry corps operated primarily as dismounted infantry , using their horses only to negotiate terrain that would prove difficult to motor vehicles , and conducting rapid raid s into the rear of the enemy positions . During the Battle for Moscow the first Guards cavalry corps was created from the former 2nd Cavalry Corps , originally of the Odessa Military District , following the Battle of Kashira to prevent German envelopment of Moscow from the south . In the Battle for Stalingrad , three cavalry corps , the 8th ( including the 21st , 55th and 112th cavalry divisions ) , the 3rd Guards ( including the 5th and 6th Guards and 32nd cavalry divisions ) and the 4th Cavalry Corps ( 61st and 81st cavalry divisions ) participated in the counter - offensive . These varied in strength between 22 , 500 and 10 , 200 personnel , and had from 18 , 000 to 9 , 000 horses . Between April 1942 and July 1942 , the Red Army , suffering a shortage of horses , disbanded 41 cavalry divisions . The lack of horses was the deciding factor in the reduction in the cavalry units . During the Second World War the cavalry corps were used primarily as components of the Cavalry Mechanized Group s that were inserted into the breakthrough sector of the Front following an offensive , paired with either a tank corps or a mechanized corps , providing additional mobile infantry component that could escort tanks and support them against enemy anti - tank defences . Sometimes dismounted cavalrymen were used as tank desant to ensure closer cooperation between tanks and cavalry . Corps and time of formation . Disbandment dates are from Bonn , " Slaughterhouse . " In connection with the great vulnerability of cavalry from artillery fire , air strikes and tanks , the number of 1 September 1943 and was reduced to 8 . Guards Cavalry Corps ( " Gv . kk " ) . In the second half of the 20th century the cavalry corps in the Soviet Army disbanded . Composition . At the beginning of the war , Red Army Cavalry Corps had 2 - 3 Cavalry ( or mountain cavalry ) divisions in each . In the corps was : During the war the battle of the cavalry corps has been significantly strengthened , it began to enter :
Battle of Woden ' s Burg ( 592 ) The Anglo - Saxon Chronicle records a battle fought in the year 592 at Woden ' s Burg , the neolithic long barrow now known as Adam ' s Grave , near Marlborough , Wiltshire . The year entry states : " Her micel wælfill wæs æt Woddes beorge , 7 Ceawlin wæs ut adrifen . " ( There was great slaughter at Woden ' s hill , and Ceawlin was driven out . ) Ceawlin was king of Anglo - Saxon Wessex . In most versions of the Anglo - Saxon Chronicle the entry does not record the identity of the force opposing Ceawlin but one version , Manuscript E , says they were Britons . Yorke , however , says the opponent was Ceol , Ceawlin ' s nephew . Ceawlin is recorded as dying the following year and was succeeded by Ceol ; his son Cuthwine went into exile . The Chronicle records a second battle on the same site in the year 715 . The area was of strategic importance since it lay near the intersection of the ancient Ridgeway with Wansdyke .
USS Chotauk ( IX - 188 ) USS " Chotauk " ( IX - 188 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the victim of a typographical error : she was intended to be named for USS " Chotank " . Her keel was laid down in 1920 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , in Quincy , Massachusetts , as " Japan Arrow " ( later renamed " American Arrow " ) , transferred from the War Shipping Administration at Pearl Harbor on 29 November 1944 , and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant Commander W . D . Baker , USNR , in command . " Chotauk " served as a station tanker with the Pacific Fleet at Eniwetok from 3 January to 14 February 1945 , Ulithi from 23 February to 10 July , and Okinawa from 17 July to 29 October . She returned to Mobile , Alabama , on 5 January 1946 . " Chotauk " was decommissioned there and returned to the War Shipping Administration on 7 February 1946 .
Georg Lassen Lieutenant Commander Georg Lassen ( May 12 , 1915 – January 18 , 2012 ) was a German U - boat captain who served with the Kriegsmarine during World War II . He was a Watchkeeping Officer on at the outbreak of the war and later the skipper of the and winner of the Iron Cross . He sank 26 ships for a total of during 4 patrols , leading to a remarkable average of per patrol . His total tonnage made him the 10th most successful U - boat ace of the war . Biography . Lassen was born in Steglitz , a Berlin suburb . He joined the Kriegsmarine as Seekadett on 25 September 1935 . When World War II started , Lassen was an Oberleutnant zur See and serving as " I . Wach - Offizier " ( 1st Watch Officer ) on under Kapitänleutnant Otto Schuhart . While serving with " U - 29 " Schuhart sank 13 ships , including the aircraft carrier . On 3 January 1941 Lassen assumed command over the " U - 29 " , which served as a training boat in 24th U - boat Flotilla by this time . He ended his command on 14 September . On 16 October 1941 Lassen commissioned the Type IXC U - Uboat . Lassen spent about four months training the crew and testing the boat with 4th U - boat Flotilla , before " U - 160 " became operational and was transferred to 10th U - boat Flotilla on 1 March 1942 . " U - 160 " left on her first patrol in early March 1942 . During this patrol Lassen sank or damaged six ships for a total of . On 10 August 1942 he received the " Ritterkreuz " . On 1 September he was promoted to . On his fourth and final patrol to South African waters in March 1943 he sank or damaged six ships in less than 5 hours for a total of during the night between 3 March and 4 March . On 8 March 1943 he sank the SS " James B . Stephens " and on 9 March he received a radio message awarding him with the ( Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ) . On 14 June 1943 Lassen was transferred away from " U - 160 " to take up duties as a tactics instructor and commander of the " Offiziers - kompanie " in 1 . U - Boot - Lehrdivision , a training unit for future U - boat commanders . On 1 April 1945 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän .