naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Empire Cedric Empire Cedric was the first ro - ro ferry . She was built for the Royal Navy as the Landing Ship , Tank , HMS " LST 3534 . She was commissioned in 1945 and converted for civilian use as a ferry in 1948 . She was used in the Irish Sea on routes between Preston and Larne , and Preston and Belfast . In 1956 , she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy for a few months during the Suez Crisis as HMS " Empire Cedric . She served until 1960 when she was scrapped . Description . The ship was built Yarrows Ltd , Esquimalt , British Columbia . She was launched on 25 June 1945 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a draught of . She had a GRT of 4 , 820 , and a DWT of 3 , 065 . She was capable of . History . " LST 3534 " was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 25 October 1945 . She was chartered by the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company Ltd on 13 September 1946 , and then converted to a ferry by Harland & Wolff Ltd , Tilbury . Between 1946 and 1948 , " Empire Cedric " was used on trooping duties between Tilbury and Hamburg , Germany . " Empire Cedric " entered service on 21 May 1948 on the Preston - Larne route , becoming the first commercial ro - ro ferry . She was certified to carry 50 passengers . Initially , there were two services per week . The service was so successful that an extra route between Preston and Belfast was opened in 1950 , with services increasing to six or seven per week between the two routes . On 18 November 1949 , " Empire Cedric " was involved in a collision with the coaster " Topaz " in fog in the Ribble Estuary . " Empire Cedric " appeared in a film made by Pathé News in 1949 about the delivery of prefabs from Gloucester to Northern Ireland . In 1956 , " Empire Cedric " took part in Operation Musketeer . She was used to transport member of 35 Field Squadron , Royal Engineers to Famagusta , Cyprus and also bring vehicles back to the United Kingdom from Egypt . Due to weather damage had to divert to Malta for repairs . In 1959 , " Empire Cedric " was withdrawn from service . She was sold to a Belgian company on 12 August 1960 and arrived at Ghent for scrapping on 16 September .
Rudolf Reichert Rudolf Reichert ( 24 November 1893 – 10 March 1967 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Łęczyca Castle The Łęczyca Royal Castle is a medieval castle situated in Łęczyca , Poland . The castle was erected by Casimir III the Great as a fortification during 1357 - 1370 . History . Immediately after its completion , the Castle became a residence of king Casimir the Great , and then was the seat of governor od Łęczyca . In 1406 it was burned by the Teutonic Knights and rebuilt the following years to serve as a place of a conference in 1409 , where decisions were taken in connection with the approaching war with the Order . After the Battle of Grunwald many of the Teutonic Knights were incarcerated here . In subsequent years , four diets were held here ( 1420 , 1448 , 1454 and 1462 ) , and the castle became the seat of the king Casimir IV Jagiellon during another war with the Order ( 1454 - 1466 ) . After a great fire in the second half of the 15th century the castle remain in ruins till the early 1560s . Then , in 1563 - 1565 , Jan Lutomirski , Grand Treasurer of the Crown completely rebuilt the castle . The cost of the entire project amounted to nearly 3 , 000 florin s , derived from the royal treasury . The disasters that strucked the stronghold in the first half of the 17th century , helped the Swedish General Robert Douglas , Count of Skenninge to take the castle , which was defended by starosta Jakub Olbrycht Szczawiński , during the Deluge in 1655 . The destruction was completed in 1707 during another another Swedish occupation . Over the next years local residents used the remains of the castle as a source of building materials . After the World War II , the castle became the seat of the scout troop , and in 1964 reconstruction started .
Wilfred Parke Lieutenant Wilfred Parke RN ( 1889 – 1912 ) was a British airman and became the first aviator to recover from an accidental spin . Family . Parkes ' s father was Alfred Watlington Parke , the Rector of Uplyme and his mother was Hilda Fort . He was the grandson of Charles Joseph Parke of Henbury in Dorset a former High Sheriff of the county and was a great nephew of General William Parke as well as being great great grandson of the Reverend Charles Wickstead Ethelston who read the riot act at the Peterloo riots and signed the arrest for the speakers . Career . In April 1911 Parke took his pilot ' s certificate and joined the naval wing of the RFC . In August 1912 , he became the first aviator to recover from an accidental spin when the Avro G cabin biplane , with which he had just broken a world endurance record , entered a spin at 700 feet above ground level at Larkhill Aerodrome on Salisbury Plain . Parke attempted to recover from the spin by increasing engine speed , pulling back on the stick , and turning into the spin , with no effect . The aircraft descended 450 feet , and observers braced themselves for a fatal crash . Parke was disabled by centrifugal forces but was still considering a means of escape . In an effort to neutralize the forces pinning him against the right side of the cockpit , he applied full right rudder , and the aircraft levelled out fifty feet above the ground . With the aircraft now under control , Parke climbed , made another approach , and landed safely . In spite of the discovery of " Parke ' s technique , " also known as the " Parke Dive " , pilots were not taught spin - recovery procedures until the beginning of World War I . Death . Parke was killed a few months later on 15 December 1912 when a Handley Page monoplane , in which he was travelling from Hendon to Oxford , crashed .
Spanish destroyer Sánchez Barcáiztegui Sánchez Barcáiztegui was a " Churruca " - class destroyer of the Spanish Republican Navy . She took part in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the government of the Second Spanish Republic . She was named in honor of Victoriano Sánchez Barcáiztegui , a Spanish Navy " Teniente de Navío " ( lieutenant ) who took part in the Battle of Callao and was killed in action in the Battle of Motrico during the Third Carlist War . Service history . Pre - Spanish Civil War . " Barcáiztegui " was launched in Cartagena , Spain in 1926 and commissioned in 1928 . She was anchored in Barcelona harbor in 1934 , during which time she served as the prison for Manuel Azaña after the Asturian uprising . Spanish Civil War . Following the coup of July 1936 , the captain took the side of the Nationalists and rebelled , but the crew remained loyal to the Second Spanish Republic and they took over the ship . " Sánchez Barcáiztegui " took first part in the blockade of the Gibraltar Strait , then joined a Spanish Republican Navy task force led by the battleship that included cruiser s and , destroyers , , , , , , , and three " C " - class submarine s . This fleet entered the Cantabrian Sea where Spanish Republican Army troops were isolated from the remaining Republican - controlled territories . All ships , except " Ciscar " , which had been requisitioned by the Basque Auxiliary Navy , " Jose Luis Diez " , two " C " - and two " B " - class submarines , returned to the Mediterranean Sea . " Sánchez Barcáiztegui " took part in the Battle of Cape Palos where she , together with " Almirante Antequera " and " Lepanto " , engaged the cruiser , firing four torpedo es . " Sánchez Barcáiztegui " was awarded the " Distintivo de Madrid along with other vessels . On 5 March 1939 , " Sánchez Barcáíztegui " was seriously damaged by a bomb after being attacked by five Nationalist Savoia - Marchetti SM . 79 s medium bomber s ; the attack also damaged destroyers " Alcalá Galiano " and " Lazaga " . Post - war . " Barcáiztegui " was refloated in 1940 , repaired by the Nationalists , and recommissioned , serving until decommissioned in 1964 . She was scrapped in 1965 .
HMAS Bunbury ( J241 ) HMAS " Bunbury " ( J241 / M241 ) , named for the city of Bunbury , Western Australia , was one of 60 " Bathurst " class corvettes constructed during World War II , and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . " Bunbury " was laid down by Evans Deakin and Company at Brisbane on 1 November 1941 , launched on 16 May 1942 by Mrs . F . A . Cooper , wife of the Treasurer of Queensland , and commissioned on 3 January 1943 . The corvette received two battle honour s for her service during World War II ; " Pacific 1943 - 45 " and " New Guinea 1943 - 44 " . " Bunbury " paid off to reserve on 26 August 1946 and was sold for scrap to the Kinoshita Company of Japan on 6 January 1961 .
Giannis Stathas Giannis Stathas ( ; 1758 – 1812 ) was a Greek armatolos during the pre - Greek Revolution era in Greece . He later became leader of a small fleet in the Aegean Sea . Family background . His father was Gerodimos Stathas , head of the Stathaioi family in the Valtos region in Central Greece . Gerodimos took part in the unsuccessful Orlov Revolt . After the Russo - Turkish War ended , Gerodimos successfully defended against the Turkish reprisals that followed . Revolutionary acts . In 1804 he formed a regiment to help the Serbs that were rebelling against the Ottoman rule . After that he and some other armatoloi in the Olympus area , declared the revolution against the Sultan . The Russian Emperor Alexander I had promised them help , but they were again left to their fate . Stathas and a group of Greek military commanders fled to the Aegean sea . In 1807 , Kolokotronis met with them in Skiathos . There , Stathas and Nikotsaras were initiated to the Filiki Eteria . The Black Ships . The group built up a fleet of 70 small ships divided into 10 squadrons . Giannis Iskos was named Admiral of this fleet with Nikotsaras second in command . The fleet allegedly hailed the flag that was to become the Greek national flag after the revolution . All 70 ships were painted black . As , at the time , they were not serving a State and no war was declared , they were considered pirates . They took action in the Aegean sea , harassing the Turkish navy and blockading major ports in Thessalia , Macedonia and Asia Minor . During their 10 month reign , Salonica suffered from a loose blockade as the " pirates " captured most of the ships entering or leaving the port . After 10 months , heavy winter and lack of ammunition obliged Giannis Stathas to disassemble the fleet . End of life . He returned to Valtos and little is known for him thereafter . He was allegedly killed in Amfilochia in 1812 .
Tatrapan The TATRAPAN Vehicle is an 6x6 special military vehicle produced by the Slovak defence industry company VYVOJ Martin a . s . Developed for various utilization by Slovak armed forces as well as export purposes . Design . TATRAPAN is an armoured off - road vehicle built on the military version of the Tatra 815 chassis . The vehicle has a cab for a driver and a commander of the vehicle and a superstructure body which can be modified and equipped for various applications . The superstructure body is designed as an autonomous unit and its crew can work independently also as a permanent autonomous station . Quick release clamps with centering pins provide a means for fastening the body , thus enabling application of various bodies on a single chassis . Maximum time required to replace a body is 60 minutes . A specially constructed V - shaped bottom provides increased protection against mine explosions . The vehicle is constructed for operations under extreme weather conditions of temperatures up to 55°C ( 131 . 0 °F ) , equipped with independent heating , air - conditioning , NBC protection , backup generator and central inflation system . Versions . TATRAPAN ZASA - Personnel carrier TATRAPAN AMB - Ambulance version TATRAPAN VSRV - Command post vehicle TATRAPAN MOD - Version with Deutz engine and automatic transmission Service . Fist TATRAPAN prototype entered in service in 1994 . Till year 2009 , there was about 50 vehicles produced for Slovak armed forces and Greek army . Vehicle design and technologies are continuously modernized to keep pace with the changing market demands .
Almerindo Jaka Jamba Colonel Almerindo Jaka Jamba ( born 21 March 1949 ) is an Angolan politician and former rebel leader in UNITA . He studied in Portugal where he received a degree in philosophy . He is a member of Angolan National Assembly with UNITA and Angolan ambassador to UNESCO . He was previously the deputy speaker of Angolan parliament from 2002 - 2004 . In 1975 , Jamba was named Secretary of State by Jonas Savimbi under UNITA in the " transition government " that operated from January 1975 to July of the same year in accordance with the Alvor Agreement . He is the oldest living member of UNITA .
Interface defeat Interface defeat is when a ceramic armour system , typically on an armoured fighting vehicle , defeats a kinetic energy penetrator at the ceramic ' s front surface . Above a certain impact velocity , known as the " transition velocity " , interface defeat can no longer occur and either penetration or perforation of the ceramic occurs .
RFA Olwen ( A122 ) RFA " Olwen " ( A122 ) was an " Ol " - class " fast fleet tanker " of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . The lead ship of her class , and launched in 1964 as RFA " Olynthus " , the second ship to bear this name , she was renamed " Olwen " in 1967 to avoid confusion with HMS " Olympus " . She was decommissioned in 1999 and laid up at Portsmouth , before being broken up at Alang , India in 2001 .
Abraham Dowdney Abraham Dowdney ( October 31 , 1841 – December 10 , 1886 ) was a United States Representative from New York , as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Born in Youghal , County Cork , Ireland , he immigrated to the United States with his parents , who settled in New York City . He attended private schools , engaged in the building and contracting business , and served in the Civil War as a captain in the One Hundred and Thirty - second Regiment , New York Volunteer Infantry , in 1862 and 1863 . He served primarily in Virginia and North Carolina within the XVIII Corps . Dowdney was chairman of the public - school trustees of New York City from 1882 to 1885 , and was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - ninth Congress and served from March 4 , 1885 , until his death in New York City in 1886 at the age of 45 . Interment was in Calvary Cemetery , Long Island City .
Trenchard Museum The Trenchard Museum is based at RAF Halton , Halton , Buckinghamshire , England . The overall aim of the museum is to preserve and display items that relate to the early history of Royal Air Force and in particular the training of apprentices which took place at RAF Halton . It is named after Lord Trenchard , who is known as the father of the Royal Air Force , founded the aircraft apprentice scheme , and had a strong association with RAF Halton . The museum was opened in 1999 . Collection and activities . The collection celebrates the history of RAF Halton , the origins of which go back to 1913 when the Royal Flying Corps were given permission by the then owner Alfred de Rothschild to use his estate at Halton for practicing manoeuvres . There are important exhibits recounting the major contribution of Lord Trenchard to the founding and development of the RAF , some of which were originally housed in a small museum in his name at RAF Upavon . The museum also records the background to apprentice training at the Halton camp through examples of the tools , work and test pieces completed by apprentices , and the exploits of some of those who were trained there . The museum has two complete aircraft , many models of aircraft , a number of aero engines , weapons and other equipment on display . There are a large number of photographs , a mock up of barrack rooms , and the uniforms worn by those stationed at Halton Camp over the years . Aside from artefacts relating to engineering , there is also memorabilia relating to a wide range of other training , including catering , nursing and dentistry . Management and funding . The Trenchard Museum was opened on 22 June 1999 by Hugh Trenchard , 3rd Viscount Trenchard , the grandson of Hugh Trenchard . The museum is managed by a curator , assisted by a small number of volunteers who have previous experience based at the Halton Camp or have an interest in the activities of RAF Halton . Funding of the museum is from small grants and through the supply of exhibits and other materials from the RAF . Many apprentice training artifacts have been loaned or donated by past apprentices , Financial support also comes via contributions from visitors and through educational activities . The museum is normally open on Tuesdays and for groups at other times by prior arrangement .
Oskar Munzel Oskar Munzel ( 13 March 1899 – 1 January 1992 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a General der Kampftruppen in the Bundeswehr who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Oskar Munzel was captured by Allied troops in 1945 and was released in 1947 . For 4 years he served as a military advisor in Egypt , and then he joined the Bundeswehr in 1956 and retired in 1962 .
John Duncan Mackie John Duncan Mackie CBE MC Hon . LLD ( Glasgow ) ( 1887 – 1978 ) was a distinguished Scottish historian who wrote a one - volume history of Scotland as well as several works on early modern Scotland . Born in Edinburgh , Mackie was educated at Middlesbrough High School and Jesus College , Oxford where he took a first - class degree in History and won the Lothian Essay Prize . He was appointed as a Lecturer in History at the University of St . Andrews in 1909 , aged only twenty - two . While at St . Andrews he introduced the subject of Scottish history into the curriculum . During the First World War , he served in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and was awarded a Military Cross . He was wounded in both the stomach and in the shoulder . In both cases he received innovative treatment . For the stomach wound ( caused by a machine - gun ) he was treated at a military hospital in Rouen . Sterilised water was dripped right through his stomach and he recovered well . The shoulder wound was received in the last days of the war . He nearly had to have his arm amputated but he opted for a new treatment in which the nerve was knotted . However he never regained full use of his left hand and suffered considerable pain for the remainder of his life . He returned to St . Andrews after the war , before being appointed Professor of Modern History at Bedford College , University of London , in 1926 . He was Professor of Scottish History and Literature at the University of Glasgow from 1930 to 1957 . It was during these years that he wrote " The Earlier Tudors 1485 - 1558 " ( Oxford University Press ) . An influential volume , " The Earlier Tudors " was a new analysis of Tudor administration - the business of government . In 1957 he retired , and was appointed Historiographer Royal for Scotland . Professor Mackie returned to the Glasgow University lecture hall in 1961 in the capacity of Emeritus Professor . He died in Haslemere in 1978 and was buried at Grayswood church . His medals are in the regimental museum of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders at Stirling Castle . The Letters Patent appointing him Historiographer Royal were sent to the Hunterian Museum at Glasgow University .
Battle for Jalibah Airfield The Battle for Jalibah Airfield took place when the U . S . 2nd Brigade , 24th Infantry Division attacked the heavily defended Jalibah Southeast Air Base military airfield in Iraq on February 27 , 1991 , during the Gulf War . Battle . Satellite and aircraft reconnaissance indicated the presence of 20 enemy tanks and more than 1 , 000 dug - in Iraqi soldiers at the airfield , 80 miles east of Basra . At 6 a . m . the morning of 27 February , following an intensive artillery barrage , about 200 vehicles of the 1st Brigade , under the command of General Paul J . Kern , charged into the airfield and secured it after four hours of fighting . According to 2nd Lieutenant Neal Creighton , Iraqi soldiers " tried to hide in shallow bunkers and some tried to surrender . Most that moved were quickly cut down under a swath of machine gun fire . The burning helicopters , jets and dead soldiers seemed almost unreal . . . . My soldiers were alive . It was the happiest moment of my life . " Major David S . Pierson , who served as a task - force intelligence captain in the 1st Brigade , said he eventually felt " guilty that we had slaughtered them so ; guilty that we had performed so well and they so poorly ; guilty that we were running up the score . . . . They were like children fleeing before us , unorganized , scared , wishing it all would end . We continued to pour it on . " Only one U . S . soldier was wounded by enemy fire during the battle . In the confusion , however , three U . S . M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles of C Company , 3rd Battalion , 15th Infantry Regiment were accidentally hit with 5 depleted uranium rounds fired by the tanks of C Company , 3rd Battalion , 69th Armor Regiment . They fired between 15 and 25 rounds at what they identified as T - 72 Iraqi tanks . This friendly fire incident resulted in the 10 additional American casualties : two deaths and eight injuries .
Admiral Rank . The word " admiral " in Middle English comes from Anglo - French admiral , " commander " , from Medieval Latin admiralis , admirallus . These themselves come from Arabic " amir " , or amir - al - أمير الـ , " commander of the " ( as in amir - al - baHr أمير البحر " commander of the sea " ) . Crusaders learned the term during their encounters with the Arabs , perhaps as early as the 11th century . The Norman Roger II of Sicily ( 1095 – 1154 ) , employed a Greek Christian known as George of Antioch , who previously had served as a naval commander for several North African Moslem rulers . Roger styled George in Abbasid fashion as " Amir of Amirs " , i . e . " Commander of Commanders " , with the title becoming Latinized in the 13th century as " ammiratus ammiratorum " . The Sicilians and later Genoese took the first two parts of the term and used them as one word , admiral , from their Aragon opponents . The French and Spanish gave their sea commanders similar titles while in Portuguese the word changed to Almirante . As the word was used by people speaking Latin or Latin - based languages it gained the " d " and endured a series of different endings and spellings leading to the English spelling " admyrall " in the 14th century and to " admiral " by the 16th century . The word " admiral " has today come to be almost exclusively associated with the highest naval rank in most of the world ' s navies , equivalent to the army rank of ( full ) general . However , this wasn ' t always the case ; for example , in some European countries prior to the end of World War II , admiral was the third highest naval rank after general admiral and grand admiral . The rank of admiral has also been subdivided into various grades , several of which are historically extinct while others remain in use in most present day navies . The Royal Navy used colours ( red , white , and blue , in descending order ) to indicate seniority of its admirals until 1864 ; for example , Horatio Nelson ' s highest rank was vice admiral of the white . The generic term for these naval equivalents of army generals is the flag officer . Some navies have also used army - type titles for them , such as the Cromwellian " general at sea " . Admiral Insignias by Country . The rank insignia for an admiral often involves four stars and / or 3 stripes / rings over a broad stripe / ring , but as one can see below , there are many cases where the insignia do not involve four stars .