naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Avia BH - 6 The Avia BH - 6 was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1923 . It was a single - bay biplane of unusual configuration developed in tandem with the BH - 7 , which shared its fuselage and tail design . Development . The BH - 6 had wings of unequal span , but unusually , the top wing was the shorter of the two ; and while it was braced to the bottom wing with a single I - strut on either side , these sloped inwards from bottom to top . Finally , the top wing was attached to the fuselage not by a set of cabane struts , but by a single large pylon . The BH - 6 crashed early in its test programme , and when the related BH - 7 did as well , both implementations of this design were abandoned .
Battle of Bremule The Battle of Brémule was fought in 1119 between Henry I of England and Louis VI the Fat of France . Henry I had to defend his holdings in Normandy several times and defeated a French invasion at the Battle of Brémule in 1119 . The defeat at Brémule effectively crippled the baron ' s rebellion and led to King Louis having to accept William Adelin as Duke of Normandy . William was officially invested with the duchy in 1120 , even though King Louis continued to support William Clito ' s claim to the honour .
French cruiser Metz Metz was a light cruiser of the French Navy . She was formerly the German cruiser , and was ceded to the French Navy after the end of World War I . Service history . After the end of World War I , the German cruiser was surrendered to the Allied powers under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles . She was transferred to France on 20 July 1920 as " " A " " at Cherbourg and commissioned into the French fleet as " Metz " . " Metz " participated in the Rif War in the mid - 1920s ; on 7 September 1925 , she and the battleship " Paris " and another ex - German cruiser " Strasbourg " supported a landing of French troops in North Africa . The three ships provided heavy gunfire support to the landing troops . She remained in active service until 1933 , when she was placed in reserve . She was stricken from the naval register on 18 August 1933 and broken up for scrap in 1936 at Brest .
Battle of Chinkiang The Battle of Chinkiang was fought between British and Chinese forces in Chinkiang ( Zhenjiang , in modern transcription ) , China , on 21 July 1842 during the First Opium War . It was the last major battle of the war . The British capture of this stronghold allowed them to proceed forward to Nanking .
Clateau Clateau was a French non - commissioned officer of the 19th century , a quarter - master and a cannonry specialist . With the advent of the Boshin War , and the declaration of neutrality of foreign powers , Clateau chose to resign from the French Army and continue the fight on the side of the Bakufu . He participated to the Naval Battle of Miyako , in which he was in charge of the cannonry on board the steam warship " Banryū " . After the conflict , Clateau set up a Hotel - Restaurant in the area of Tsukiji in Tokyo , and a second one in Yokohama .
SS Nautilus SS " Nautilus " , a 300 ton vessel , was built in 1913 in Hamburg , Germany and originally named " Activo " . " Activo " fell into British hands , probably as a captured German ship , who re - registered her under the name SS " Nautilus " and they in turn sold her to the Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ) government which was then part of the British Empire , for deep sea fishing . The Ceylon government could not use the ship effectively in deep sea fishing and auctioned the ship off in 1939 to C . S Krishnaswamy Naidu an industrialist from India . The ship was purchased to support deep sea fishing for Malabar Fisheries , a sardine canning company in Chaliyam , Calicut . However , the ship needed repairs before it could be put to use and was brought to Palluruthy ( Kerala , India ) and docked on the land for repairs . Due to the start of World War II , the British naval authorities in Cochin demanded that the ship be handed over to them for defence purposes . A new steam boiler was installed and guns mounted on the deck . She was then used on patrol in the Arabian Sea guarding the west coast of India . This continued till the end of war in 1945 . After the war , the ship was only returned to her owner after numerous delays . By that time she required extensive repairs and was instead sold as scrap in 1948 .
Fire lance The fire lance ( ) or fire spear is one of the first gunpowder weapons in the world . Description . The earliest fire lances were spear - like weapons combining a bamboo tube containing gunpowder and projectiles tied to a Chinese spear . Upon firing , the charge ejected a small projectile or poison dart along with the flame . These fire lances had a range of only a few feet . Being a weapon that combines with a spear , it was initially used as a hand - to - hand weapon with the gunpowder shot designed to give the wielder an edge in close - quarter combat . Inventors soon saw the merit in the gunpowder / tube design and fire lances then appeared independent of the spear . Diagrams , illustrations and books from the 10th century show the fire lance being used in battle , but it saw the most prolific usage during early to mid Song Dynasty , when various northern peoples encroached on Chinese soil . These short - ranged , one - shot , disposable weapons were often held in racks on city walls and gave Chinese defenders a tremendous tactical and psychological advantage when fired in volleys . They were ideal for dealing with enemies trying to scale city walls , or for holding the enemy at bay behind a breached gate . History . The first fire - lances were seen in China during the 10th century , but by about 1260 they had developed into a variety of forms and although normally associated with peasant rebels , regular Song troops also used them , their use by cavalry being described at the siege of Yangzhou in 1276 . They were cheap and popular for several centuries sometimes being used in racks to defend cities and remained in use until well after the Ming period . The development of gunpowder in the fire lance to have enough force to hurl a killing projectile was a key step along the development of the first true guns . This weapon paved the way for further improvements to gunpowder weapons and is the direct ancestor of the modern - day firearm and artillery . The weapon seems also to have evolved into rocket s , which were used as a weapon in their own right .
47 mm kanon P . U . V . vz . 36 ( Škoda A6 ) The 47 mm kanon P . U . V . vz . 36 was an anti - tank gun produced by the Škoda Works that saw service in World War II . Originally designed for the Czechoslovak Army , some were also sold to Yugoslavia . A number were appropriated by the Germans after the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939 and used under the designations 4 . 7 cm Pak ( t ) or PaK 36 ( t ) . The Germans continued it in production and mounted it on the Panzerkampfwagen I chassis as the Panzerjäger I tank destroyer . A similar attempt to mount it on the chassis of captured Renault R - 35 tanks was less successful . The barrel had the unique feature of being able to swing 180° so the barrel lay flat over the trails for transport and the outer part of the trails could be also folded inward to reduce its size . The gun had a small shield and wooden - spoked wheels . Although rather elderly - looking , its performance was superior to most contemporary designs and the gun was armed with both AP rounds and HE rounds for infantry support .
Maryhill Barracks Maryhill Barracks was built on of the Ruchill estate , in the Maryhill area of northern Glasgow , Scotland . It was opened as Garrioch Barracks in 1872 . Built to accommodate an infantry regiment , a squadron of cavalry and a battery of field artillery , it dominated the area which is now the Wyndford housing estate . The barracks replaced the previous Infantry Barracks at Duke Street in the East End of the city , which dated from 1795 . Glasgow City Corporation had been petitioning the government since the early 19th century for more military protection from their fear of " riot and tumult " in the growing industrial city . Despite the fact that Maryhill at the time was an independent burgh , it agreed to the erection of Glasgow ' s new barracks , with the greatly enlarged complex opening in 1876 . Higher quality than normal , the barracks engendered a sense of community . The Soldiers ' Hotel , where those on leave could entertain relatives , and public houses with names such as the Highland Light Infantry ( HLI ) and the Elephant and Bugle ( the HLI emblem ) gave Maryhill the feel of a garrison town . Vandalism was also reduced . Married quarters were added to the barracks in 1911 . Maryhill Barracks became the depot of the Highland Light Infantry ( City of Glasgow ) regiment after the Childers Reforms of 1881 . During the 1919 40 - hours general strike in Glasgow , the soldiers at Maryhill Barracks were deemed to be unreliable and were confined to barracks while troops from elsewhere were brought in to re - impose order . It was in 1919 that Maryhill Barracks was used as a marshalling place for the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders before embarking for India . In May 1934 a bomb exploded in the barracks , which was alleged to be have been set off by the same person as bombed the Army Recruiting Offices , 139 Bath Street , a fortnight previously . It was also home to the Scots Greys and famously held Adolf Hitler ' s second - in - command Rudolf Hess during World War II after his supposed " Peace " flight to the UK in 1941 , at a time when it was used as a prisoner of war camp . In 1942 , the Free French leader , General Charles de Gaulle , visited French troops there . The Barracks were decommissioned and largely demolished in the early 1960s , to be replaced by the Wyndford housing estate , although the guardroom and boundary walls remain . A Territorial Army unit , the 52nd Lowland , 6th Battalion , The Royal Regiment of Scotland , continues to be based at the adjacent Walcheren Barracks . 32 ( Scottish ) Signal Regiment is also based near Kelvinside , with 105 Regiment , Royal Artillery in nearby Partick .
Memorial square A memorial square is an intersection dedicated in memory of someone , usually someone who was killed in a war . It is not the same as a town square . While the name of a town square is used to describe where something is located , the name of a memorial square is not used in the same manner .
OB West The German Army Command in the West ( " Oberbefehlshaber West " ( German : initials OB West ) was the overall command of the Westheer , the German Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War II . It was directly subordinate to German Armed Forces High Command . The area under the command of the OB West varied as the war progressed . At its farthest extent it reached the French Atlantic coast . By the end of World War II in Europe it was reduced to commanding troops in Bavaria . References . http : / / niehorster . orbat . com / 011 _ germany / 44 - oob / 44 - 06 - 01 _ neptune / _ _ OB _ WEST . htm
SS Curtiss ( T - AVB - 4 ) SS " Curtiss " ( T - AVB - 4 ) is one of two " Wright " - class Aviation Logistics Support ( Roll - on / Roll - off ) Container Ships built for the United States Navy in 1968 . Originally laid down 1 April 1968 at Ingalls Shipbuilding , Inc . of Pascagoula , Mississippi as SS " Great Republic " under Maritime Administration contract ( MA 222 ) , the ship was launched 1 December 1968 and delivered to the Maritime Administration ( MARAD ) on 1 July 1969 . Renamed USNS " Curtiss " ( T - AVB - 4 ) on 14 May 1986 , she was assigned to MARAD Ready Reserve Force , ( RRF ) , MSC PM - 5 Sealift Program Office , Logistics Prepositioning Force . SS Curtiss are outfitted with both a stern ramp and side ports . Their roll - on / roll - off deck runs the complete length of the ship . When outfitted with mobile facilities , the ships can service aircraft while anchored offshore . " Curtiss " provides support for Marine Corps helicopter s and is maintained in reduced status ROS - 5 ( five day reactivation status ) at Port Hueneme , California . Currently USNS Curtiss is at Pier 9 Naval Station San Diego .
Nagmachon Nagmachon is a heavily armoured infantry fighting vehicle fielded by the Israel Defense Forces . The Nagmachon evolved from the " NagmaShot " APC , which in turn was based on Centurion Sho ' t hulls from the 1970s and 1980s . The vehicle carries thick belly armour designed to withstand mine - blasts and mountings on the front hull for various engineering devices such as mine plow s , mine roller s and dozer blades . In addition to its belly armour and the relatively heavy armour of the Centurion hull , the Nagmachon also carries explosive reactive armour to counter HEAT rounds , such as rocket propelled grenades . Early " Nagmachon " s were equipped with three armoured shields to give soldiers firing the mounted FN general - purpose machine gun s some degree of protection from small arms fire . Later " Nagmachon " s were fitted a distinctive raised superstructure , sometimes referred to as a ' doghouse ' . The raised superstructure and increased mine protection have made the " Nagmachon " an ideal platform for counter - insurgency and urban operations , seeing much use in the al - Aqsa Intifada within the occupied territories and southern Lebanon in 2006 . It is often used as an engineering vehicle and a carrier for sappers , although its main role has been to carry infantry .
File 13 File 13 is a euphemism for the trash can . The phrase is especially used in the U . S . military , and is less common outside of the United States . In the United Kingdom , for instance , the expression round file or circular file is more common ( in reference to trash cans typically being round ) . Expressions such as " I ' ll place that memo in file 13 " are often heard in offices as a joking way of saying , " I ' m going to throw away that memo . " History . The first known citation of " File 13 " was in 1941 . The phrase ' s origins may perhaps be traced to 13 being a supposedly unlucky number , although the exact source is unknown . Another explanation refers to the fact that there are 12 months in the year , and a file is typically kept for each , with the 13th file being non - existent ( the garbage can ) . According to Slangsearch : Air Force , " File 13 " refers to an aircraft ' s garbage can . Usage in popular culture . " File 13 " is one of the simple games distributed in " Dragon " magazine . In this board game , players assume the roles of game publishers and each attempts to develop and market " hot item " games before the others . There is an independent record label named File Thirteen Records , based originally in Little Rock , AR and now in Chicago , IL . There is a song by the band AFI called " File 13 , " on the album " Very Proud of Ya " , which contains the lyric , " Someone should throw me away / Feel like a garbage can . " File 13 was used as a band moniker by Doug " Double Dee " DiFranco of Double Dee and Steinski and record producer David Witz when they released a 12 " single on Profile Records in 1984 called " Taste So Good . " The track was built with samples from phone sex tapes and too racy for radio airplay although it was a minor hit in dance clubs . Witz revived the File 13 name again in 1988 for a 12 " single called " Party Line " also on Profile Records . This track similarly used samples recorded from party lines which were fairly common in older telephone systems . This track failed to chart or sell well and Witz retired the File 13 name for his dance tracks . In the band A - ha ' s music video for Take on Me , the band is depicted as characters in a comic book which is being read in a cafe by the female protagonist . In the video , the comic book comes to life and she is pulled into its world . The waitress at the cafe , thinking she has left without paying , angrily crumples the comic book up and throws it in the trash . Subsequent to this , the band and the girl are pursued in the comic book world by sinister characters in hard hats that have the number " 13 " printed on them .
Robertus Remkes Major General Robertus Carolus Nicolaa Remkes ( born February 6 , 1955 ) is Director , Strategy , Policy and Assessments , U . S . European Command , Stuttgart - Vaihingen , Germany . As Director of Strategy , Plans and Policy , he is responsible for formulation and staff direction of the execution of basic military and political policy , as well as planning for command activities involving relations with other U . S . Unified Commands , allied military and international military organizations and subordinate commands . He also serves as Director of Capabilities and Assessments . In this capacity he is responsible for the development of force structure requirements ; conducting studies , analyses and assessments ; and for evaluating military forces , plans , programs and strategies . General Remkes received his commission upon graduation from the United States Air Force Academy in 1977 and completed pilot training at Reese AFB , Texas , in December 1978 . He has served as a squadron , group and wing commander . He has flown the T - 37 , T - 38 , T - 1 , C - 130 , F - 4 , F - 16 and the F - 15 . General Remkes is a graduate of the U . S . Air Force Fighter Weapons School . He is a command pilot with more than 2 , 700 hours of flight time . Remkes holdes a Master ' s degree in aviation management from Embry - Riddle Aeronautical University .
7th Cavalry Division ( German Empire ) The 7th Cavalry Division ( " 7 . Kavallerie - Division " ) was a unit of the German Army in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . Initially assigned to III Cavalry Corps , which preceded 6th Army ' s advance on the Western Front , in October 1915 it took part in occupation duties in Belgium until October 1916 , when it relocated to Romania . In January 1917 , the division returned to the Western Front and was in Alsace until May 1918 , Flanders until August 1918 , Artois to October 1918 and back to Flanders until the end of the war . It was dismounted on 14 May 1918 and restructured to form the 7th Cavalry " Schützen " Division . By the end of the war , it was serving under 64th Corps ( z . b . V . ) , Armee - Abteilung B , " Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg " on the Western Front . A more detailed combat chronicle can be found at the German - language version of this article . Order of Battle on mobilisation . On formation , in August 1914 , the component units of the division were : See : Table of Organisation and Equipment 7th Cavalry " Schützen " Division . The 7th Cavalry Division was extensively reorganised in the course of the war , culminating in conversion to a Cavalry " Schützen " Division , that is to say , dismounted cavalry . Here , the cavalry brigades were renamed Cavalry " Schützen " Commands and performed a similar role to that of an infantry regiment command . Likewise , the cavalry regiments became Cavalry " Schützen " Regiments and alloted the role of an infantry battalion and their squadrons acted as infantry companies . However , these units were much weaker than normal infantry formations ( for example , a Schützen squadron had a strength of just 4 officers and 109 NCOs and other ranks , considerably less than that of an infantry company ) . Late World War I organization . Allied Intelligence rated this division as 4th Class ( of 4 classes ) . It ' s late war organisation was :
Advanced Helicopter Training Advanced Helicopter Training is the last phase of flight school for Navy and Marine Corps helicopter pilots . Training is accomplished at NAS Whiting Field in Milton , Florida . All training is done in Bell TH - 57 Sea Rangers . Advanced training is approximately six months long , and is divided into ten phases : Three squadrons perform advanced helicopter training : HT - 8 Eightballers , HT - 18 Vigilant Eagles and HT - 28 Hellions . Training is also done for the United States Coast Guard and for the navies and marines of several allied countries , including Italy , Spain , and Germany .
Kaiser - e - Hind ( monument ) Kaiser - e - Hind is a monument in the Indian state of Punjab . In 1971 , a heavy artillery campaign on part of the Pakistan Army ensured the only victory for the entire Pakistani forces during the 1971 India - Pakistan War . Four artillery regiment s under the general directives of the Lahore Corps ( IV Corps Punjab ) took part in the campaign - aided by two infantry battalion s . The campaign started on 4 December 1971 and ended successfully upon the capture of the area by 35 Heavy Artillery Regiment ( Pakistan ) at a considerable loss of civilian lives on the Indian side .
Fort des Têtes The Fort des Têtes , also known as the Fort des Trois - Têtes , is a fortification in the vicinity of Briançon in the Dauphiné region of southeastern France . It was first surveyed by Vauban in 1700 . In 1709 the Marshal Berwick established a fortified camp on the plateau , overlooking the valley of the Durance from a height of . The position controlled the high valleys of Fontenil and Fontchristiane . A permanent bastioned triangular fort was built between 1721 and 1723 to designs by Tardif and Nègre . The position was used by the French Army in the defense of Briançon until 1940 , when it was part of the Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné . The fort is connected to the main town by the Pont d ' Asfeld , designed by Vauban . The fort has three principal frontages and a lower fort covering the approaches . The garrison comprised about 1250 men serving 70 artillery pieces . The Fort des Trois - Têtes is linked to the nearby Fort du Randouillet by an enclosed , fortified gallery known as " " Communication Y . " " In the 1880s two ammunition magazines were excavated , one within the rock , the other trenched and covered with earth . The Fort des Têtes , along with Communication Y , the Fort du Randouillet and other military works of Briançon , was designated a Unesco World Heritage Site in 2008 , as part of a network of Vauban - related sites .