naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gettysburg Union order of battle The Union order of battle during the Battle of Gettysburg includes the American Civil War officers and men of the Army of the Potomac ( multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the three - day battle ( July 1 – 3 , 1863 ) . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle , the casualty returns and the reports . Army of the Potomac . MG George G . Meade , Commanding General Staff and Headquarters . General Staff : General Headquarters : Command of the Provost Marshal General : BG Marsena R . Patrick Guards and Orderlies : Engineer Brigade : BG Henry W . Benham I Corps . MG John F . Reynolds ( k ) < br > MG Abner Doubleday < br > MG John Newton < br > General Headquarters : II Corps . MG Winfield S . Hancock ( w ) < br > BG John Gibbon < br > BG William Hays < br > General Headquarters : III Corps . MG Daniel E . Sickles ( w ) < br > MG David B . Birney V Corps . MG George Sykes General Headquarters : VI Corps . MG John Sedgwick General Headquarters : XI Corps . MG Oliver O . Howard < br > MG Carl Schurz General Headquarters : XII Corps . MG Henry W . Slocum < br > BG Alpheus S . Williams Provost Guard : Cavalry Corps . MG Alfred Pleasonton Headquarter Guards : Artillery Reserve . BG Robert O . Tyler < br > Cpt James M . Robertson Headquarter Guard :
Crimea Shield The Crimea Shield ( known as " Krim " Shield to collectors ) was awarded to German soldiers under the command of " Generalfeldmarschall " Erich von Manstein who fought and captured Crimea ( " Krim " in German ) in between September 1941 and July 1942 . The Crimea Shield was instituted on 25 July 1942 and was the most widely distributed of the shields with approximately 250 , 000 being handed out . From 21 September 1941 until 4 July 1942 German soldiers faced severe opposition from the Russian army while attempting to capture the important Black Sea ports around Sevastopol . This particularly difficult campaign was recognized in the form of the Shield . Design . The Shield is headed by the German eagle clutching a wreathed swastika . Flanking the eagle are the dates 1941 and 1942 , the start and end dates of the campaign . This sits on the backdrop of the Crimean peninsula , where the fighting took place , which has the word " Krim " stamped into it Wear . The shield was worn on the upper left arm of the recipients uniform . It was sewn on via the backing cloth but there are occasions where this was removed and the shield was pinned onto the uniform , no doubt for aesthetic reasons . Cloth Backing . The colour of the backing cloth is indicative of the branch of the military that the recipient was in . Green for Army ( Heer ) Blue for Air force ( Luftwaffe ) Black for Armoured ( Panzer units )
Winston - Salem Air Force Station Winston - Salem Air Force Station ( ADC ID : M - 130 NORAD ID : Z - 130 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located southeast of Winston - Salem , North Carolina . It was closed in 1970 . History . Winston - Salem AFS was established in 1954 by Air Defense Command as one of a planned deployment of forty - four Mobile radar stations to support the permanent ADC Radar network in the United States sited around the perimeter of the country . This deployment was projected to be operational by mid - 1952 . Funding , constant site changes , construction , and equipment delivery delayed deployment . This site became operational on 1 December 1956 when the 810th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was assigned to Winston - Salem AFS with AN / MPS - 11 and AN / FPS - 6 A radars , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . The AN / MPS - 11 set was replaced by an AN / FPS - 8 radar that saw service between 1960 and 1962 . In 1962 the 810th began operating AN / FPS - 24 search and AN / FPS - 26 height - finder radars along with the previously installed AN / FPS - 6 set . During 1962 Winston - Salem AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , initially feeding data to DC - 04 at Fort Lee AFS , Virginia . After joining , the squadron was redesignated as the 810th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 1 March 1962 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . On 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 130 . The AN / FPS - 6A was retired in 1968 . In addition to the main facility , Winston - Salem AFS operated an AN / FPS - 18 unmanned Gap Filler site : The 810th was inactivated on on 31 July 1970 as part of a general reduction of Aerospace Defense Command air defense units . Today some former USAF buildings now used as part of a light industrial complex . The large AN / FPS - 24 tower still stands , as well as most of the support buildings and barracks . The housing area is in private hands . Some of the buildings are used by ARCA Addiction Recovery Care Association and Google offers an excellent view at http : / / goo . gl / maps / MJQ27 where the radar building can been seen clearly without the radar that was once on top of the structure . During the late 1960s the base was visited by both Club and Boy Scout troops as part of a Merit Badge exercise . External links .
Carl Gyllenborg Count Carl Gyllenborg ( 7 March 1679 in Stockholm – 9 December 1746 in Uppsala ) was a Swedish statesman and author . Biography . After serving in the Polish War , he was sent to London as secretary of legation . There , her married the Jacobite Sara Wright . In 1715 , he was made minister plenipotentiary , and two years later was imprisoned for five months because of his participation in the plot to reinstate the House of Stuart . In 1723 , he was appointed Councilor of State , and in 1738 Prime Minister . While in this office , he founded the Hattparti or Hattar ( ‘ Hat ’ Party ) , which instigated the disastrous Russo - Swedish War ( 1741 – 1743 ) , resulting in the loss of Kymmenegård . He was successively chancellor of the universities of Lund ( 1728 ) and Upsala ( 1739 ) , was a patron of letters and art , and wrote several poems and the first Swedish comedy , " Den svenska Sprätthöken " ( 1740 ) . His " Letters . . . Relating to a Design to Raise a Rebellion on His Majesty ' s Dominions , to be Supported by a Force from Sweden " , were published in French and English ( 1717 ) .
Military camp A military camp or bivouac ( see Bivouac shelter ) is a semi - permanent facility for the lodging of an army . Camps are erected when a military force travels away from a major installation or fort during training or operations , and often have the form of large campsites . In the Roman era the military camp had highly stylized parameters and served an entire legion . Archaeological investigations have revealed many details of these Roman camp s at sites such as Vindolanda ( England ) and Raedykes ( Scotland ) .
Preston Brown Preston Brown ( 1872 – 1948 ) was an American army officer who saw action with the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I . Brown reached the rank of Major General , before retiring from active duty in 1936 . Early life . Brown was born in Lexington , Kentucky . He graduated from Yale in 1892 and entered the army as a private . Military career . He was commissioned a 2nd lieutenant in 1897 and rose through the ranks ; he became a major in 1916 and a Lieutenant Colonel in 1917 . In 1918 , he was appointed Colonel of the National Army and in August of the same year was promoted to be Brigadier General . He served as Chief of Staff in the 2nd Infantry Division at Château - Thierry and Saint - Mihiel in 1918 , and was Chief of Staff of the 4th Army Corps . In August 1918 , he was appointed Commanding General of the 3rd Infantry Division , serving in that capacity through the Battle of Meuse - Argonne . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his leadership of the 3rd Infantry Division , as well as his previous efforts as Chief of Staff of the 2nd Infantry Division . In November 1918 , he became Assistant Chief of Staff at General Headquarters in the occupied German territory . He was appointed instructor in the Army General Staff College in 1919 . In 1921 , he was acting commander of the U . S . Army War College and in the same year was appointed Commanding General of the 3rd infantry brigade . Preston Brown was commandant of the Panama Canal Zone from 1928 until 1932 . He retired to Martha ' s Vineyard , Massachusetts in 1936 , having reached the rank of Major General . Brown died on June 30 , 1948 , and is interred in Cave Hill Cemetery , Louisville , Kentucky . In 1905 , he married Susan Ford Dorrance . They had one child , Dorrance Brown who died in 1936 .
USS SC - 255 USS " SC - 255 , sometimes styled as either Submarine Chaser No . 255 or S . C . - 255 " , was an built for the United States Navy during World War I . Like most members of her class , she was not named and known only by her designation . " SC - 255 " was built at George Lawley & Sons in Neponset , Massachusetts in 1917 . She was commissioned 19 November 1917 . On 15 April 1918 " SC - 255 " left Bermuda in a convoy with 29 other submarine chasers , four U . S . Navy tugs , two French tugs and destroyer tender . Cruiser and armed yacht performed escort duty for the convoy . On 24 April , " SC - 255 " was taken under tow for a time by " Bridgeport " , and three days later , the convoy reached Ponta Delgada , Azores . At some point in her career , " SC - 255 " entered dry dock in Malta . It is unclear if " SC - 255 " remained in commission on 17 July 1920 . If she were , she would have received , as part of the new U . S . Navy letter - number scheme , the hull designation of PC - 255 . " SC - 255 " was sold on 24 June 1921 to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia . Her ultimate fate is unknown .
Lewis F . Brest Lewis Francis Brest ( May 15 , 1842 - December 2 , 1915 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Brest served in the American Civil War in the 57th Pennsylvania Infantry for the Union Army . He received the Medal of Honor on May 10 , 1865 for his actions at the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company D , 57th Pennsylvania Infantry . Place and date : At Sailors Creek , Va . , 6 April 1865 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Mercer , Pa . Date of Issue : 10 May 1865 . Citation : Capture of flag .
5th Mountain Artillery Regiment ( Italy ) The 5th Mountain Artillery Regiment ) was a field artillery regiment of the Italian Army , specializing in mountain combat . Since their formation the Mountain Artillery Regiments have served alongside the Alpini , a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army , that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II . The Alpini and Mountain Artillery regiments share , besides their close history , the distinctive Cappello Alpino .
China War Medal ( 1842 ) The China War Medal was issued by the British Government in 1843 to members of the British Army and Royal Navy who took part in the First Anglo - Chinese War ( 1839 – 42 ) . The medal was designed by William Wyon . Recipients . The China War Medal was originally intended by the Governor - General of India , in October 1842 , to be awarded exclusively to all ranks of the Honourable East India Company ' s Forces . Instead , in 1843 , under the direction of Queen Victoria , the British Government awarded it without clasp to all members of the British Army and Royal Navy who had " served with distinction " between 5 July 1840 and 29 August 1842 in the following actions : This campaign became known as the First Opium War , ending in the seizure of Nanking . The resultant treaty opened five ports to trade , and ceded Hong Kong to Great Britain . Description . The medal ' s obverse shows the diademed head of Queen Victoria with the legend " VICTORIA REGINA " . The reverse has the same coat of Royal Arms and shield found on both the First , Second and Third China War Medal s with the inscription " ARMIS EXPOSCERE PACIM " and the word " CHINA " and the date " 1842 " in the exergue below . The First China War Medal ' s reverse was originally designed depicting the British lion devouring a Chinese dragon . However , this design was considered too insensitive to the Chinese and so the reverse described above was used . The non - swivelling suspender is plain and straight being sweated directly to the medal . The medals were named in bold block capital letters with stars used to fill in the spaces as on the Waterloo Medal . However , since new punches were used for this medal the naming appears somewhat sharper than on Waterloo Medal examples . Those in receipt of this medal and who also qualified for the Second China War Medal in 1861 were supposed to receive the clasp s awarded with the second medal only . These clasps were intended to be fixed to this medal but due to the difference in the width and style of the suspender it was not known how this was actually to be done . As a result the clasps were often simply slipped over the ribbon which was sometimes replaced with the narrower 32mm type supplied with the second medal . Other recipients of this medal removed the original suspender and replaced it with one similar to that found on the second medal .
Lorenzo Marcello Lorenzo Marcello ( Venice , 1603 – Dardanelles , 26 June 1656 ) was a Venetian admiral . He fought against the Papal navy in 1642 - 1644 and subsequently participated in the new Turkish - Venetian War . In September 1655 , he succeeded Francesco Morosini as the Captain General of the Sea . From this position he led the combined Venetian - Maltese fleet in battle in the Dardanelles in June 1656 . Although he himself lost his life during the battle , it resulted in the greatest Venetian victory since the Battle of Lepanto . Honours . The name " Lorenzo Marcello " has been given to two Italian ships : a liner ( 1 , 413 grt , 234 ft . long ) built in the 1920s and sunk in 1943 , and a " Marcello " - class submarine , launched on 20 November 1937 and sunk on 22 February 1941 .
USS Positive ( AMc - 95 ) USS " Positive " ( AMc - 95 ) was an " Acme " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Positive " was laid down 7 June 1941 by the Noank Shipbuilding Co . , Noank , Connecticut , launched 7 March 1942 sponsored by Miss Elizabeth W . Dunn , and placed in service 20 August 1942 . World War II service . After shakedown , " Positive " departed Miami , Florida , 19 February 1943 , for Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . After performing minesweeping duty for the Naval Operating Base at Guantanamo , from March 1943 to January 1945 , she departed Guantanamo 21 January for San Juan , Puerto Rico . Upon completion of duty , she arrived at Charleston , South Carolina , 7 September . " Positive " was placed out of service 12 November 1945 , and struck from the Naval Vessel Register 8 May 1946 . She was delivered for deposal to the Maritime Commission , Charleston , 7 November 1946 .
Spanish Air Force Order of Battle The order of battle of the Spanish Air Force are the separate parts or sections of the air arm as a whole , divided in order to improve military coordination . The Air Force is under the command of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , General José Jiménez Ruiz , and is structured in : Historical background . The present - day command structure of the Spanish Air Force issued from a Government decree dated 2d October 1935 of the Spanish Republican Government that placed the " Dirección General de Aeronáutica " under the authority of a specific ministry , known then as the War Ministry , " Ministerio de la Guerra " , instead of being under the " Presidencia del Gobierno " . Following that decree , the Air Force regional units became restructured in 1936 . Accordingly , the Spanish Navy - based " Escuadra " model was replaced by " Región Militar " divisions which are still operative today . Nowadays the Spanish Air Force is still under a separate ministry , the Ministerio de Defensa . After the Spanish Civil War the bulk of the Spanish Armed Forces changes were introduced within the regional structure , following which all relevant air bases would be withdrawn from Catalonia , a former key region in the development of the " Aeronáutica Militar " , the Spanish Air Force in its early days . Even though before and during the Civil War important air bases had been established in or around Barcelona , like the " Aviación Naval " , henceforward the whole northeastern area of Spain would be left with mere token presence of the Spanish Air Force . The situation is similar in the Basque Country as well , with the difference that there had not been any important air bases there before the conflict that shaped the present structure . While Galicia has no significant Air Force Base within its territory , it has nevertheless a very important Naval Base at El Ferrol . The Air Regions and their Command centres after the changes introduced during the Spanish State dictatorship became the following :
23rd Division ( South Vietnam ) The 23rd Division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam ( ARVN ) — the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975 — was part of the II Corps that oversaw the region of the central highlands north of the capital Saigon . The 23rd Division was based in Pleiku , which was also the corps headquarters .
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy The Nikola Vaptsarov Higher Naval Officer School ( Висше военноморско училище „ Никола Вапцаров “ ) is the naval academy of Bulgaria and the most authoritative centre of maritime personnel education in the country . Based in the Black Sea port of Varna . The academy trains officers for the Navy and the Merchant Marine as well as specialists in all areas of the maritime business . History . The academy has its roots in the Machine School for the Navy , the first technical school in Bulgaria , established on 9 January 1881 in Ruse . It used to train only engine - room ratings for the Navy , merchant vessels , workshops and plants . The first course of study to train navigational officers began in 1919 . In 1942 the school was promoted as ‘ His Majesty ' s Naval Academy ’ . It started to train deck officers with a higher maritime education ( bachelor degree ) and one year later - ship power - plant specialists with higher maritime technical education ( bachelor degree ) . In 1949 the academy was renamed into Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy .
MG 18 TuF The Maschinengewehr 18 TuF ( MG18 TuF ) was a variant of the MG08 . The MG 18 was developed as an anti - tank machine gun and additionally as an anti - aircraft gun . It was quite large and was usually operated by a team of 2 to 6 men . The gun was too large to put in the trenches so it was usually put behind the front line .
Harry George Armstrong Harry George Armstrong ( February 17 , 1899 – February 5 , 1983 ) , known as " the father of space medicine " , was a Major General in the United States Air Force , a physician , and an airman . Armstrong served in the Marines during World War I and the Army and Air Force from 1930 to 1957 . As Director of the United States Aeromedical Research Laboratory , he applied his medical and aviation knowledge to the improvement of aircrew protection from temperature extremes and the lack of oxygen at high altitude . He is widely recognized as a pioneer in the field of aviation medicine . The " Armstrong Limit " , the altitude above which water boils at the temperature of the human body , is named after him . Biography . Armstrong was born in De Smet , South Dakota , in 1899 . He attended the University of Minnesota , but left after one year to enlist in the US Marine Corps , serving with them as a private from October 1918 to March 1919 . He then entered the University of South Dakota , graduating in 1921 . In 1925 he received his Doctor of Medicine Degree from the University of Louisville . He entered the Medical Corps Reserve in April 1925 . Armstrong entered the School of Aviation Medicine at Brooks Field , Texas , that September . Upon graduation in 1930 , he was commissioned a first lieutenant in the Regular Army Medical Corps . In 1931 , he was attached to the Air Corps and assigned as assistant surgeon . He was promoted to captain in 1932 , to Major ( United States ) in 1938 , lieutenant colonel ( temporary ) in February 1942 , and to colonel ( temporary ) in August 1942 . Serving alternately in England and the United States , in 1945 he became surgeon for the Air Division in the office of Military Government for Germany ( U . S . ) , with headquarters in Berlin . In 1946 , he was promoted to lieutenant colonel ( permanent ) , returned to the School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field upon appointment as Assistant Commandant , and that July was named Commandant . In 1948 , he was promoted brigadier general ( temporary ) , then to major general ( temporary ) . In June 1949 , he was assigned to Air Force headquarters at Washington , D . C . , as Deputy Surgeon General of the U . S . Air Force , promoted to colonel ( permanent ) in October , and the following December was designated Surgeon General . Armstrong was promoted to brigadier general ( permanent ) October 9 , 1951 . In 1954 , General Armstrong went to Wiesbaden , Germany , as Surgeon of the United States Air Forces in Europe . Armstrong retired from the Air Force in 1957 . He died in 1983 from heart disease . In 1977 , the Harry G . Armstrong Award for Scientific Excellence was created by the Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory . Published works . Armstrong published 105 scientific papers in the field of aviation medicine and aerospace medicine .
Russian submarine Pochtovy Pochtovy ( ) was a submarine built for the Imperial Russian Navy . The boat was designed by Drzewiecki and built at the Metal Works St Petersburg in 1908 . She was funded by Public subscription . This ship ' s machinery was a novel attempt at Air Independent Propulsion ( AIP ) using gasoline engines with oxygen supplied by pressurised cylinders . Forty - five cylinders containing of air at 2500 psi could give the boat a submerged range . The exhaust gasses were vented via perforated pipe under the keel . The system proved reliable in trials but condensation problems and the tell - tale wake produced by the exhaust resulted in no further development and the boat was stricken in 1913 .
Henry Hartigan Henry Hartigan VC ( March 1826 – 29 October 1886 ) was born Drumlea , Enniskillen , County Fermanagh and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was about 31 years old , and a Pensioned sergeant in the 9th Lancers , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . He later achieved the rank of Lieutenant . He died in Calcutta , India on 29 October 1886 . References . Listed in order of publication year