naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Rauracian Republic The Rauracian Republic was a state that included parts of modern France and Switzerland around the Jura mountains . It was created from the northern portion of the Prince - Bishopric of Basel , which was part of the Holy Roman Empire . The Rauracian Republic existed for just a few months , inaugurated on 17 December 1792 but absorbed into France on 23 March 1793 . Twenty - two years later , in 1815 , Basel and Bern divided the territory of the former republic between them . The name of the Republic was taken from the Latin name of an ancient Celtic tribe , the Raurici , who settled the southern part of the Upper Rhine . The Raurici were related to the Helvetii , whose name was later bestowed on another French client state , the Helvetic Republic . Chronology . Following the proclamation in September 1792 of the French First Republic , unrest quickly spread in the lands of the Prince - Bishop of Basel , leading to the creation of " revolutionary committees " . On 17 December 1792 the Rauracian Republic was proclaimed as the first " daughter republic " of revolutionary France . Following the successive collapses of two national assemblies , a third voted for incorporation into France , backed by a referendum believed to have been supported by French pressure and manipulation . This was achieved on 23 March 1793 with the creation of the French Département of Mont - Terrible which had its capital at Porrentruy . Administrative frontiers changed more than once in the ensuring two decades , but when the war finally came to an end , the territory of Mont - Terrible , previously if briefly the Rauracian Republic , was divided by the victorious powers at the Congress of Vienna between the cantons of Bern and Basel . Unlike other " daughter republics " of France , the Rauracian Republic seems never to have acquired a national flag . It did , however , adopt a . In essence , this portrayed the old Lictors ' Bundle which had been a favoured symbol of authority under the old Roman Republic and which still appears in the seal of the French state and on the cantonal shield of St . Gallen .
USS Joseph E . Connolly ( DE - 450 ) USS " Joseph E . Connolly " ( DE - 450 ) was a " John C . Butler " - class destroyer escort acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II . The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy , in addition to other tasks as assigned , such as patrol or radar picket . Post - war she proudly returned home with one battle star to her credit . " Joseph E . Connolly " ( DE - 450 ) was named in honor of Joseph Edward Connolly who was killed in the Guadalcanal campaign and was awarded the Navy Cross . She was laid down 6 April 1944 by Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co . , Newark , New Jersey ; launched 6 August 1944 ; sponsored by Miss Cecilia C . Connolly , sister of Corporal Connolly ; and commissioned 28 February 1945 , Lt . Comdr . M . C . Walley in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . Following shakedown training in the Caribbean " Joseph E . Connolly " departed Norfolk , Virginia , 10 May 1945 for assignment to the Pacific Fleet . She transited the Panama Canal and steamed by way of San Diego , California , to Pearl Harbor , where she arrived 6 June for additional intensive training . The ship then steamed to Eniwetok in early July to act as an escort ship during the final days of the Pacific war . " Joseph E . Connolly " served as screen ship to logistic - support units of the U . S . 3rd Fleet during the final strikes on the Japanese mainland . End - of - war operations . The escort vessel returned to Ulithi after war ' s end , arriving 31 August , and joined the screening unit for logistic support ships . She arrived Tokyo Bay 13 September and steamed to Jinsen , Korea , 22 September to assist in the occupation of Korea and North China , then the subject of critical contention between Communist and Nationalist factions in China . " Joseph E . Connolly " spent 27 to 31 October at Shanghai in support of the U . S . Marines ashore , after which she joined a service squadron in supplying fuel and supplies to various Pacific island bases . Post - war decommissioning . After patrol off Saipan in December , the ship sailed for the United States 4 January 1946 , arriving Boston , Massachusetts , 17 February via San Diego and the Panama Canal Zone . She later steamed to Green Cove Springs , Florida , where she decommissioned 20 June 1946 and entered the Reserve Fleet . " Joseph E . Connolly " was struck from the Navy list on 1 June 1970 and , on 24 February 1972 , she was sunk as a target . Military awards . " Joseph E . Connolly " received one battle star for World War II service .
New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs New York State ' s Division of Military and Naval Affairs ( DMNA ) is a New York State agency responsible for the state ' s New York Army National Guard , New York Air National Guard , New York Guard and the New York Naval Militia . It is headed by New York ' s Adjutant General Maj . Gen . Patrick A . Murphy , appointed on February 15 , 2010 . with the Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo serving as Commander in Chief of the state ' s militia forces . All of the armories in New York State are run directly or indirectly by the DMNA . The DMNA headquarters , located in Latham , New York near Albany , is within 8 miles of both the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and the General Electric Research and Development facility in Niskayuna , New York . New York National Guard . The New York National Guard consists of the The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions . In fact , the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status . Those functions range from limited actions during non - emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control . The Governor may call individuals or units of the New York National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard . The state mission assigned to the National Guard is : " " To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law . " " The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President or Congress . When National Guard troops are called to federal service , the President serves as Commander - in - Chief . The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is : " " To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war , National emergency or as otherwise needed . " " Unlike United States Army Reserve members , National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually ( except through voluntary transfers and Temporary DutY Assignments " TDY " ) , but only as part of their respective unit s . However , there have been a significant number of individual activations to support military operations ( 2001 - ? ) ; the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard . The state defense force , which in New York is the New York Guard , is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of New York and executive order . The New York Guard is the state ’ s authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the New York National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized . The New York Guard comprises retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state . Previous Chiefs of Staff to the Governor . Karl F . Hausauer , Major General , circ . 1949
Saika Ikki The , based in Ōta in Kii Province , were one of many " Ikkō - ikki " ( Buddhist fanatic warriors ) groups in feudal Japan led by Saika Magoichi . In particular , the members of the Saika Ikki , along with the monks of the Negoro - ji , were renowned for their expertise with the arquebus , and for their expert gunsmiths and foundries . Both of these groups came to the aid of the Ishiyama Hongan - ji , the central fortress cathedral of the Ikkō - ikki which was besieged by Oda Nobunaga from 1570 to 1580 . The town motto is translated to English as : " Stand strong and do not forget " . Their own fortress , Ōta castle ( near the site of present - day Wakayama Castle ) , was besieged by Nobunaga in 1577 . The monastery was attacked again several years later by Toyotomi Hideyoshi , in chastisement for their opposition to his former lord , Oda .
French ship Tonnerre ( L9014 ) The Tonnerre ( L9014 ) is an amphibious assault helicopter carrier of the French Navy . She is the eighth vessel to bear the name and the second ship in the Mistral class amphibious assault ships . The " Tonnerre " was launched on 26 July 2005 and joined active service in December 2006 . " Tonnerre " ’ s maiden voyage occurred between 10 April and 24 July 2007 . During this voyage , " Tonnerre " was involved in " Opération Licorne " , the French co - deploying complement to the United Nations Operation in Côte d ' Ivoire following the Ivorian Civil War . Gazelle and Cougar helicopters of the French Air Force operated from the ship during 9 July . At the start of 2008 , " Tonnerre " was involved in the Corymbe 92 mission ( see Standing French Navy Deployments ) , a humanitarian mission in the Gulf of Guinea . During this deployment , " Tonnerre " acted on tip - offs from the European Maritime Analysis Operation Centre – Narcotics , and intercepted 5 . 7 tonnes of smuggled cocaine : 2 . 5 tonnes from a fishing vessel from Monrovia on 29 January , and 3 . 2 tonnes from a cargo ship off Conakry . In May 2011 , the French Military deployed Eurocopter Tiger and Aérospatiale Gazelle helicopters on the ship to augment forces engaged in Opération Harmattan and later Operation Unified Protector during the Libyan civil war . along with allied ships such as the British helicopter carrier HMS Ocean which also provided its own attack helicopters .
Sherman ' s Special Field Orders , No . 15 Special Field Orders , No . 15 were military orders issued during the American Civil War , on January 16 , 1865 , by General William Tecumseh Sherman , commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi of the United States Army . They provided for the confiscation of 400 , 000 acres ( 1 , 600 km² ) of land along the Atlantic coast of South Carolina , Georgia , and Florida and the dividing of it into parcels , on which were to be settled approximately 18 , 000 freed slave families and other Blacks then living in the area . The orders were issued following Sherman ' s March to the Sea . They were intended to address the immediate problem of dealing with the tens of thousands of black refugees who had joined Sherman ' s march in search of protection and sustenance , and " to assure the harmony of action in the area of operations " . General Sherman issued his orders after meeting in Savannah , Georgia with twenty ministers of the black community and with U . S . Secretary of War Edwin M . Stanton . Brig . Gen . Rufus Saxton , an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously organized the recruitment of black soldiers for the Union Army , was put in charge of implementing the orders . The orders had little concrete effect , as they were revoked in the fall of that same year by President Andrew Johnson , who succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination .
David Mitchell ( Royal Navy officer ) Sir David Mitchell ( ca . 1642 – 1 June 1710 ) was a Scottish admiral . He descended from " " a family of good repute , more distinguished for integrity than for riches " " , and was apprenticed at 16 to the master of a trading vessel from Leith , Edinburgh . In the Second Dutch War ( 1665 – 1667 ) , while mate of a ship in the Baltic trade , he was pressed into service with the Royal Navy and rose to be Admiral of William III ' s Blue Fleet ( 8 February 1693 ) . He was knight ed by William III , apparently informally , about May 1694 before he joined Edward Russell , 1st Earl of Orford ' s grand fleet , but was officially dubbed a Knight Bachelor at Kensington , London , on 6 December 1698 . He was a Commissioner of the Admiralty from 1699 to 1702 and a Member of the Lord High Admiral ' s Council 1702 to 1708 . He obtained numerous royal honours and appointments , including that of Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod . Because of his naval knowledge , he became a close professional friend of Czar Peter the Great . David Mitchell ' s coat of arms are stated by De Neve to be appropriated for his tomb without justification from the Mitchells of Tillygrieg ( ' he bears arms , but hath no right ' , citing his humble background ) . During the Grand Embassy of Tsar Peter the Great in 1697 - 1699 Mitchell captained the flagship HMS York which brought him to England . During the voyage the Tsar was given instruction on ship handling by Mitchell — mostly in Dutch since they were both fluent in it . At the Tsar ' s request Mitchell was assigned as his official escort and translator during the nearly six months Peter was in London .
Hwando Mountain Fortress Hwando Mountain Fortress , also known as Wandu Mountain City , along with Gungnae Fortress , served as the second capital of the Korean kingdom Goguryeo ( Hangul : 고구려 , Hanja : 高句麗 ) . The remains of this city are a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in 2 . 5 kilometers to the west of Ji ' an , Jilin , China . History . As Gogeryeo consolidated its power , it proceeded to act to conquer the territories on the Korean peninsula which were under Chinese rule . Goguryeo initiated the Goguryeo – Wei Wars in 242 , trying to cut off Chinese access to its territories in Korea by attempting to take a Chinese fort . However , the Chinese Wei state responded by invading and defeated Goguryeo . Hwando was destroyed in revenge by the Chinese Wei forces in 244 . Goguryeo ended China ' s rule on the Korean peninsula by conquering Lelang in 313 . However , Goguryeo faced devastation by the Murong Xianbei people who attacked Goguryeo . Hwando was destroyed again by them in 341 , and the Xianbei used the Goguryeo people for slave labor . Puyŏ was also destroyed by the Xianbei in 346 , the Korean peninsula also became subject to Xianbei migration .
Sir John Dalling , 1st Baronet General Sir John Dalling , 1st Baronet ( c . 1731 – 16 January 1798 ) was a British soldier and colonial administrator . Dalling was the son of John Dalling , of Bungay , Suffolk , by his wife Anne , a daughter of Colonel William Windham of Earsham , Norfolk , who was the second son of William Windham I , of Felbrigg Hall . Colonel Windham ' s grandson , Joseph Windham of Earsham ( 1739 – 1810 ) , died in 1810 at which point Dalling ' s heirs inherited that estate . He served with the British forces under James Wolfe that captured Quebec from France in 1759 . Dalling was Governor of Jamaica from 1777 to 1782 and commander - in - chief of Madras ( Fort St . George ) , from 1784 to 1786 . He was made a colonel of the 60th Foot in 1776 , a lieutenant - general in the army in 1782 , colonel in the 37th Foot in 1783 and a full general in 1796 . On 11 March 1783 he was created a baronet of Burwood in the County of Surrey . Dalling married secondly , in 1770 , Louisa , ( died 1824 ) , daughter of Excelles Lawford , of Burwood , Surrey . Their only surviving son Sir William Windham Dalling , 2nd Baronet , of Earsham , Norfolk , died in 1864 , aged 89 . The general ' s daughter and eventual heir , Anne Louise Dalling ( d . 1853 ) , married , in 1808 , the General the hon . Robert Meade , of Burrenwood and Rathfriland .
668th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron The 668th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the San Francisco Air Defense Sector , Air Defense Command , stationed at Mather Air Force Base , California . It was inactivated on 1 September 1961 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Lineage . Assignments Stations
Treaty of Peterswaldau The Treaty of Peterswaldau was signed in Peterswaldau on July 6 , 1813 between Great Britain and Russia . The purpose of this treaty was to establish and strengthen a united coalition force against Napoleon I of France . Based on the terms of the accord , Britain agreed to support a German legion of 10 , 000 men for the Russian service .
USS Antigone ( ID - 3007 ) USS " Antigone " ( ID - 3007 ) was a transport for the United States Navy during World War I , and the first ship of that name for the U . S . Navy . She was originally SS " Neckar for North German Lloyd from her 1900 launch until seized by the U . S . in 1917 . After her war service she was SS " Potomac for United States Lines . SS " Neckar " . " Neckar " was launched on 8 December 1900 at Geestemünde , Germany , by J . C . Tecklenborg ; and was owned and operated by North German Lloyd . In the North Atlantic at the outbreak of World War I in the summer of 1914 , the passenger and freight liner sought sanctuary at the neutral port , Baltimore , Maryland — lest she fall prey to the warships of the Royal Navy — and was interned , ostensibly for the duration of the conflict . World War I . When the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917 , American customs agents seized the ship . She was transferred to the Navy by the United States Shipping Board on 12 July 1917 ; converted for naval service as a troop transport at the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth , Virginia ; renamed " Antigone " on 1 September 1917 ; and placed in commission on 5 September 1917 , Comdr . Joseph R . Defrees in command . " Antigone " was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force , Atlantic Fleet , on 14 September , and she departed Norfolk on 29 November . After coaling and completing sea trials , she proceeded to Hoboken , New Jersey , and embarked approximately 2 , 000 American troops . The transport sailed from New York City en route to France on 14 December and , during the next 11 months , made eight round - trip voyages to France , each of which terminated in either Brest or Saint - Nazaire . The ship also carried medical supplies and general cargo — as well as 16 , 526 troops — to Europe before hostilities ended . After the armistice was signed on 11 November 1918 , the transport continued her transatlantic voyages and returned more than 22 , 000 veterans to the United States . She completed her last trip from France upon her arrival at New York City on 15 September 1919 . She was decommissioned there on 24 September 1919 , and her name was simultaneously struck from the Navy list . The ship was then transferred to the War Department for service in the Army Transport Service
First - generation warfare First generation warfare is a term created by the U . S . military in 1989 , referring to the earliest stages of organized , state - controlled armed forces waging war in the modern era . In its most common usage , " First generation warfare " refers to battles fought with massed manpower , using line and column tactics with uniformed soldiers governed by the state . History . In 1648 , at the end of the Thirty Years ' War , the Treaty of Westphalia gave a practical sovereignty to the German states , which until then were semi - independent components of the Holy Roman Empire . This more firmly established the sovereignty of the nation - state , which meant , among other things , that governments would have exclusive rights to organize and maintain their own militaries . Before this time , many armies and nations were controlled by religious orders and many wars were fought in mêlée combat , or subversively through bribery and assassination . The first generation of modern warfare was intended to create a straightforward and orderly means of waging war . Alternatively , it has been argued that the Peace of Westphalia did not solidify the power of the nation - state , but that the Thirty Years ' War itself ushered in an era of large - scale combat that was simply too costly for smaller mercenary groups to carry out on their own . According to this theory , smaller groups " chose " to leave mass combat — and the expenses associated with it — in the domain of the nation - state . The increased accuracy and speed of the rifled musket and the breech - loader marks the end of first generation warfare ; the concept of vast lines of soldiers meeting face to face became impractical due to the heavy casualties that could be sustained . Because these technologies were adopted gradually throughout the Americas and Europe , the exact end of the first generation of modern warfare depends on the region , but all world powers had moved on by the latter half of the 19th century . Contributions to warfare . In order to create a more controlled environment for warfare a military culture was developed that , in many ways , is still visible in the armed forces of today . Specially crafted uniforms set soldiers apart from the general populace . An elaborate structure of rank was developed to better organize men into units . Rules for military drill were perfected , allowing line and column maneuvers to be executed with more precision , and to increase the rate of fire in battle . Control of media information release during the war and production of counterfeit money in order to devaluate enemy ' s economy were used for the first time during Napoleonic wars .
Taden gun The TADEN was a British experimental light machine gun firing the . 280 in ( 7 mm ) intermediate round . Alongside the bullpup EM - 2 rifle design , it formed part of a proposal to reequip the British Army with new small arm s which would use a round smaller than the . 303 inch which was shown to be impractical for use in a modern assault rifle . The Taden would replace the Bren gun as the light machine gun and the Vickers machine gun as the medium machine gun . The Taden used elements of the Bren . The EM - 2 would replace the Lee - Enfield rifle and 9 mm submachine gun s . The TADEN and EM - 2 projects were discontinued when the United States Army refused to consider the . 280 cartridge for the new NATO standard on the basis that it was less powerful than their . 30 - 06 Springfield round ( and , as others have suggested , the reluctance to adopt a round developed outside the USA ) . It was decided that the TADEN and EM - 2 could not realistically be reworked to take the new NATO round and alternatives were sought . The British Army reequipped with licence - built variants of the Belgian 7 . 62 mm FN MAG and FN FAL respectively . A belt fed derivative of the Bren gun had been considered for the GPMG role , but although not selected the Bren was kept on after adaptation to use the NATO round .
Siege of Toyama The Siege of Toyama the Siege of Toyama was a battle during the Azuchi - Momoyama period ( 16th century ) of Japan . During the late summer of August 1585 , Toyotomi Hideyoshi had led his army of around 100 , 000 soldiers against Sassa Narimasa , one of his former allies many years back . Within the siege of Toyama , Toyotomi senior commander Maeda Toshiie would elaborate well on his abilities while playing a very prominent role within the overall attack . In the end , however , Narimasa ' s defense was shattered , thus allowing the Toyotomi supremacy over Etchu province . References . " The Samurai Sourcebook "