naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Victoria - class battleship The Royal Navy ' s Victoria " class ( or Sans Pareil " class ) battleships of the 1880s was the first class which used triple expansion steam engines , previous battleships having used compound engines . There were only two ships in this class . The lead ship , , was sunk in an accidental collision with another Royal Navy battleship in the Mediterranean with the loss of half of her crew . Her sister , survived until scrapped in April 1907 . Design . This class was intended to be an improved version of , and it was originally called the " new Conquerors " . Armament . The original intention had been to fit 13 . 5 inch ( 343 mm ) , 67 - ton guns in place of the " Conqueror " s 12 inch ( 305 mm ) guns in the single forward turret but late during the design it was decided to enlarge them to take the 16 . 25 inch ( 413 mm ) , 110 - ton gun . Similar guns had been supplied by the manufacturer , Sir W . G . Armstrong , Whitworth & Co . , Ltd . , to the Italian " Regia Marina " and fitted in the " Andrea Doria " and the 1 , 800 pound ( 816 kg ) projectile could penetrate any thickness of armour afloat at that time . At a period when naval supremacy of the Mediterranean was seen as a crucial part of British policy , the " Victoria " class was intended for service as part of the British Mediterranean Fleet . The same model of gun had been fitted in the last Admiral - class battleship , which had a single example in each of its two barbettes instead of pairs of 13 . 5 inch ( 343 mm ) guns and was the only other British warship to carry them . The gun was not successful in service since it took four or five minutes to load and fire . The barrel only had a 75 - round life and the muzzle tended to droop . The rear turret contained a smaller 10 inch ( 254 mm ) gun of similar design , and which weighed 26 tons . Seakeeping . This class was one of the last of this period to have very low freeboard , of around 10 feet ( 3 m ) . This was done to reduce target area in a naval engagement but had a deleterious effect upon seaworthiness , and was an important factor in " Victoria " sinking within fifteen minutes following a collision since it allowed the water to quickly reach the gun turret ports . Propulsion . The most successful innovation of the class was the introduction of triple expansion steam engines into Royal Navy battleships . These engines had been developed as a result of the introduction of steel in boiler manufacture , which in turn had led to higher steam pressures . The Royal Navy had originally tried them with great success in the torpedo gunboat . The principal benefit was the improved efficiency of the engine meant a reduced displacement because less coal was needed ; for example , trials with which had been re - engined with triple - expansion engines in 1889 – 1891 had shown that the coal consumption at 80 % power was roughly halved .
Boden Fortress Radio Bunker Boden Fortress Radio Bunker ( ) is a communications bunker , part of Boden Fortress , outside the city of Boden , Norrbotten , in northern Sweden . It was used for the first radio broadcast in Swedish history . History . The first radio station at the site was finished by 1914 , originally built for the Swedish Navy , and was located south of Degerberget Fort on the " Great Mire " ( ) bog , also known as the " Radio Mire " ( ) . The station was rebuilt as a communications bunker in 1916 , a concrete construction with one floor above ground and another below ground , which was supposed to withstand fire from most weapons of that time . The original station was equipped with three 108 - metre tall radio masts , while the new bunker had an antenna stretched between two 20 - metre masts . The bunker was first used for radiotelegraphy to keep Boden Fortress in contact with other parts of the country . It also played an important role during the First World War as a medium for exchange of prisoner of war telegrams between the Russian Empire and the Central Powers . Around 7 , 900 such telegrams were sent during one year . The station was also used for the contact with Sveagruva on Svalbard and for radiotelegraphy with ships in the Gulf of Bothnia . At 15 : 00 local time on 12 July 1921 , the first radio broadcast in Swedish history was sent from the bunker . Radio commissioner Axel Jenner conducted this historic broadcast , with the Swedish king Gustav V listening some 35 km away in Luleå . Due to a misunderstanding between Jenner and his radio telegrapher , the first words uttered in the broadcast were , a Swedish profanity in the style of " damn " or " darn " , literally meaning " embrace the devils " . Radiotjänst , the Swedish national radio broadcaster , took control of the broadcasts from the bunker in 1925 . The bunker was put out of operation 1 January 1975 and ten years later in 1985 , it was decommissioned by the Swedish Army . The bunker has since decayed , but in 2010 a project was initiated to have it declared a historic building .
16th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery 16th Indiana Battery Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized in Lafayette , Indiana and mustered in Indianapolis , Indiana March 24 , 1862 for three years service . The battery was attached to Military District of Washington , D . C . , June 1862 . Artillery , II Corps , Army of Virginia , to September 1862 . Artillery , 2nd Division , XII Corps , Army of the Potomac , to October 1862 . Artillery , 2nd Brigade , Defenses North of the Potomac , Defenses of Washington , D . C . , to February 1863 . Fort Washington , Defenses of Washington , North of the Potomac , XXII Corps , to May 1864 . 2nd Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps , to July 1864 . 3rd Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps , to December 1864 . 1st Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps , to July 1865 . The 16th Indiana Battery Light Artillery mustered out July 5 , 1865 in Indianapolis . Detailed service . Left Indiana for Washington , D . C . , June 1 . Duty at Capitol Hill until June 26 . Ordered to join Banks in the Shenandoah Valley June 26 , 1862 . Pope ' s Campaign in northern Virginia July to September . Battle of Cedar Mountain August 9 . Fords of the Rappahannock August 21 – 23 . Battles of Groveton August 29 and Bull Run August 30 . Maryland Campaign September 6 – 22 . Battle of Antietam , Md . , September 16 – 17 ( reserve ) . Ordered to Washington , D . C . , and duty in the defenses of that city north and south of the Potomac River until June 1865 . Repulse of Early ' s attack on Washington July 11 – 12 , 1864 . Ordered to Indianapolis , Ind . , June 1865 . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 11 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
Battle of Rạch Gầm - Xoài Mút The Battle of Rạch Gầm - Xoài Mút was fought between Tây - Sơn ( Vietnamese ) and Siamese forces in present - day Tiền Giang Province on January 20 , 1785 . It is considered one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese history . Background . In 1783 Tây - Sơn rebel forces recaptured Saigon and forced Nguyễn Ánh to flee across the river to Siam . While in exile Nguyễn Ánh wished to retake Gia Định and push the Tây - Sơn rebels out . One of Anh ' s generals , Chau Van Tiep , convinced the peaceful King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke of Siam to provide Nguyen Anh with support troops and a small invasion force . In mid - 1784 Nguyễn Ánh , with 20 , 000 – 50 , 000 Siamese troops and 300 warships , moved through Cambodia , then east of Tonle Sap ( Toh Lay Sap in Thai ) and penetrated the recently annexed provinces of Annam . 20 , 000 Siamese troops reached Kiên Giang and another 30 , 000 landed in Chap Lap , as the Siamese advanced towards Cần Thơ . Later that year the Siamese captured the former Cambodian province of Gia Định where they committed atrocities against Việt settlers , this made some locals turn their support to Tây Sơn . Battle . The Tay Son reinforcements led by Nguyễn Huệ marched south from Quy Nhon and arrived in Cochin China territory soon after . Hue avoided a direct attack into strong Siamese force at Sa Dec and tried to set up a trap . Nguyễn Huệ , anticipating a move from the Siamese , had secretly positioned his infantry and artillery along the Mekong River ( Rạch Gầm - Xoài Mút area of present day Tiền Giang province ) , and on some islands in the middle , facing other troops on the northern banks with naval reinforcements on both sides of the infantry positions . On the morning of January 20 , 1785 Nguyễn Huệ sent a small naval force , under a banner of truce , to lure the Siamese into his trap . After so many victories , the Siamese army and naval forces were overconfident . So , they went to the parley , unaware of the trap . Nguyễn Huệ ' s ships dashed into the unprepared Siamese troops , preventing their advance or retreat . In the meanwhile , Tay Son artillery opened fire . The battle ended with a near annihilation of the Siamese force , at least according to Vietnamese sources reporting that all the ships of the Siamese navy were destroyed and only 2 , 000 – 3 , 000 of the original expedition survived to escape back across the river into Siam . Nguyen Anh and his family members escaped and later went to Siam .
15 cm SK C / 25 The 15 cm SK C / 25 was a German medium - caliber naval gun used during the Second World War . It served as the primary armament for the K - and . Oddly , no weapons of this type surplus appear to have been used as coast - defense guns . Description . This gun was the most powerful of the Kriegsmarine ' s guns and was designed with a loose barrel , jacket and breech - piece with a vertical sliding breech block . Mount . The " Drh . LC / 25 " triple - gun mount was the only mount used for this gun in the Kriegsmarine . The mount weighed between , depending on its armor thickness ; the ' s mounts had between of armor while the other ships had . Maximum elevation was 40° , giving a range of , and maximum depression was - 10° , while the electric motors had a maximum elevating speed of 8° per second . Each mount was designed for full 360° of traverse , but was limited to much less than that by the ship ' s superstructure . Speed in train was a maximum of 6 - 8° per second using electrically powered hydraulic pumps . The maximum firing cycle was 7 . 5 seconds , or 8 rounds per minute , despite being hand - loaded and rammed . Ammunition was supplied by three hoists , one between the left and center guns and the other two between center and right guns at the rear of the mount . Ammunition . The " SK C / 25 " had a number of different shells available .
Type 60 Self - propelled 106 mm Recoilless Gun The is a light anti - tank vehicle developed by Japan in the late 1950s . It mounts two M40 106 mm recoilless rifles as its main armament . Development . In the mid - 1950s the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force contracted for one prototype from Komatsu ( SS1 ) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries ( SS2 ) powered by a 110 hp six - cylinder diesel engine and fitted with two recoilless rifle s . They were delivered in 1956 . A second series of prototypes was built with 4 recoilless rifles , but adoption of the American M40 forced the reversion to two weapons . A third series of three prototypes was built by Komatsu as the SS4 that were heavier with a more powerful engine , a new transmission and clutch and a two - speed auxiliary transmission . They were accepted into service in September 1960 . Starting in 1974 a 150 hp Komatsu SA4D105 air - cooled , 4 - cylinder diesel engine was fitted . Operation . The commander is seated to the left of the two weapons and his position is attached to their mounting so that he remains at the same height when they are elevated for firing . The M40s can be fired from the lowered position , but their traverse is limited to 20° , elevation to + 10° and depression to - 5° . The elevation mechanism is manually operated . The loader is seated to the left of the commander and must exit through his rear - opening hatch to reload the recoilless rifles while on top of the engine deck or behind the vehicle . Only 6 rounds of ammunition are stowed on board . As of 2001 , Japan reported to the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs that 140 Type 60s were in service . Similar vehicles . M50 Ontos
SS Louise Lykes ( 1941 ) SS " Louise Lykes " was a Type C2 - F ship built in 1941 at Federal Shipbuilding of Kearny , New Jersey . She sailed for the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company out of New Orleans , Louisiana . On 9 January 1943 , she was sunk with all hands in the North Atlantic by . Career . " Louise Lykes " was laid down at Federal Shipbuilding of Kearny , New Jersey , and launched on 27 September 1941 . After her October 1941 completion , she was delivered to her owners , the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company , and registered at New Orleans , Louisiana . Very little information on the earliest parts of " Louise Lykes " career are reported in secondary source s , but some time after the United States entered World War II in December 1941 , the ship was armed with one , two , and eight guns , and a Naval Armed Guard detachment to man them . Information on most of " Louise Lykes " wartime activities is also absent from secondary sources , but she is recorded as sailing in Convoy UGF 2 from Hampton Roads , Virginia , to Casablanca in November 1942 with 21 other merchant vessels , and the return convoy , GUF 2 , which returned to Hampton Roads on 11 December . Both convoys were escorted across the Atlantic by the American battleship and other escorts and support ships . Less than a month after her cruise to Casablanca and back , " Louis Lykes " departed from New York City for Belfast with a cargo of munitions . Sailing independently on a zig - zag course , she was discovered at 20 : 25 GWT some south - southeast of Iceland by " Oberleutnant zur See " Hans - Achim von Rosenberg - Gruszcynski , in command of . Lookouts on " Louise Lykes " spotted the German vessel and opened fire , straddling the submarine with misses . In response , von Rosenberg - Gruszcynski launched a spread of four torpedoes at the American vessel from a distance of . Although two of the torpedoes were wide of the mark , the other pair did their job and struck home on the cargo ship , igniting her cargo and raining debris on the deck of " U - 384 " . After a crash dive to avoid damage at the hands of the exploded American ship , von Rosenberg - Gruszcynski surfaced after five minutes to find no trace of the ship afloat . Master Edwin J . Madden , 9 other officers , 41 crewmen , and 32 Naval Armed Guardsmen were killed in the attack on " Louise Lykes " , the first of two ships sunk by " U - 384 " during the war .
Anti - Aircraft Command Anti - Aircraft Command was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the anti - aircraft artillery units of the British Isles . Origin . The formation of a body of anti - aircraft guns had been announced in 1938 but Anti - Aircraft Command was not formed until 1 April 1939 under General Sir Alan Brooke who then passed control to Sir Frederick Pile , another British Army officer . Pile would remain in command until the end of the war . It was under the operational direction of RAF Fighter Command and occupied a headquarters known as " Glenthorn " in the grounds of Bentley Priory , home of Fighter Command . The majority of the guns of AAC were operated by regular British Army and Territorial Army units . Later as the war progressed , these were freed up by the use of men of the Home Guard ( loading and firing the guns ) and women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service ( handling ammunition and operating gun directors ) . Divisional organisation . Divisions under the command were : AA Command was also responsible for the Orkney and Shetland Defences ( OSDEF ) Corps organisation . At the end of 1940 the Command created three Corps to supervise this expanding organisation : Group organisation . In October 1942 the corps and divisions were abolished and replaced by seven flexible AA Groups : ( 1st and 2nd AA Groups coincided with No 11 Group RAF ) Later events . Later , 6th AA Group took over the Solent area to cover the preparations for Operation Overlord and was replaced in NE England by a new 8th Anti - Aircraft Group . A new 9th Anti - Aircraft Group was formed to cover southern East Anglia during the flying bomb offensive ( Operation Diver ) . On 1 April 1943 AA Command took over control of smoke screens from the Ministry of Home Security . These installations were manned by the Pioneer Corps On 1 December 1954 it was announced that AA Command would be disbanded with effect from 10 March 1955 . General Officers Commanding - in - Chief . General Officers Commanding - in - Chief have included :
3rd Weather Squadron The 3rd Weather Squadron ( 3 WS ) is a unit of the United States Air Force . It was formed at Barksdale Field ( now Barksdale Air Force Base ) , Louisiana , on 24 June 1937 , as part of the Signal Corps . The 3rd was one of three original squadrons that eventually transferred from the Signal Corps to the Air Corps . Currently located at West Fort Hood , the 3rd Weather Squadron is aligned under the 3rd Air Support Operations Group . Weather support to Fort Hood began in 1947 at the newly constructed Killeen AFB . Today , the 3rd Weather Squadron — in addition to providing weather support to the Fort Hood complex — has operating locations at Forts Bliss , Huachuca , Riley , and Sill in Texas , Arizona , Kansas , and Oklahoma , respectively . The 3rd Weather Squadron is currently the largest base - or post - level weather unit in the Air Force . The support provided by the squadron is as diverse as its history and that of the Army customers it supports . The squadron maintains a 24 - hour observing and forecasting section at Robert Gray Army Airfield with extended observing hours at Hood Army Airfield . The squadron patch is Walt Disney ' s Cupid which was sold to the unit for one US dollar during World War II , in efforts to raise troop morale . Combat Weather Teams . There are five Combat Weather Teams ( CWTs ) that support the following Army units at Fort Hood : Operations in Iraq . On December 13 , 2003 , 4ID combat weather forecasters produced planning and mission execution forecasts for Operation Red Dawn , which led to successful capture of Saddam Hussein .
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo ( 1810 ) In the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo , the French Marshal Michel Ney took the fortified city from Field Marshal Don Andrés Perez de Herrasti on 9 July 1810 after a siege that began on 26 April . Ney ' s VI Corps made up part of a 65 , 000 - strong army commanded by André Masséna , who was bent on a third French invasion of Portugal . Forces . Ney ' s VI Corps included Jean Marchand ' s 1st Division ( 6 , 500 ) , Julien Mermet ' s 2nd Division ( 7 , 400 ) , Louis Loison ' s 3rd Division ( 6 , 600 ) , Auguste Lamotte ' s corps light cavalry brigade ( 900 ) , Charles Gardanne ' s mounted dragoon brigade ( 1 , 300 ) and 60 cannon . Herrasti commanded 3 regular battalions from the Avila , Segovia and 1st Majorca Infantry Regiments , 375 artillerymen and 60 sappers . These troops were supplemented by 3 battalions of the Volunteers of Ciudad Rodrigo and 1 battalion of the Urban Guard . Siege . Herrasti ' s 5 , 500 - man Spanish garrison put up a gallant defense , surrendering only after Ney ' s artillery opened a breach in the walls and the French infantry were poised for an assault . The Spanish suffered 461 killed and 994 wounded , while 4 , 000 men and 118 cannon were captured . Ney ' s VI Corps lost 180 killed and over 1 , 000 wounded during the siege . The French soldiery then pillaged the city . The siege delayed Masséna ' s invasion of Portugal by over a month . The next actions were the Siege of Almeida and the Battle of the Côa . A second Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo occurred in January 1812 .
HMS Oxford ( 1674 ) HMS " Oxford " was a 54 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built by Francis Baylie in Bristol and launched in June 1674 . Her guns comprised twenty - two 24 - pounders on the lower deck , with twenty - two large saker s ( 8 - pounders ) on the upper deck and ten smaller sakers ( 5 - pounders ) on the quarter deck . On 23 February 1684 , Captain John Tyrrell was appointed to command the ship . In 1692 she was at the Battle of Barfleur under the command of Captain James Wishart . From 1701 to 1702 the " Oxford " underwent a Great Repair amounting to rebuilding at Deptford . On 29 June 1723 she was ordered to be taken to pieces at Portsmouth Dockyard , and rebuilt to the lines of a 50 - gun Fourth Rate of the 1719 Establishment . She relaunched on 10 July 1727 . Towards the end of the Seven Years ' War the ship was commanded by Mariot Arbuthnot . The " Oxford " was broken up in 1758 .
4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team , 1st Infantry Division ( United States ) The 4th Brigade Combat Team , 1st Infantry Division was activated in January 2006 . It was one of three new types of brigades being formed by the US Army . The 4th Brigade is a light infantry brigade combat team . The 4th Brigade Combat is self - sustaining , unlike previous brigades , because of its support battalion and because it has its own reconnaissance , surveillance and target acquisition unit . Brigades had previously been supported in the latter role from separate cavalry troops or from reconnaissance elements in their maneuver battalions . Support elements had previously been held in division support commands , attached to brigades during combat operations . History . Activation . On 12 January 2006 , the 4th Brigade Combat Team held its activation ceremony . The activation was part of the transformation of the US Army to a new modular force structure . Under the new force structure , all divisions would activate a fourth maneuver brigade and otherwise reorganize their other assets . Formations representing the 2nd Battalion , 16th Infantry ; 1st Battalion , 28th Infantry ; 2nd Squadron , 4th Cavalry ; 2nd Battalion , 32nd Field Artillery ; 4th Brigade Special Troops Battalion ; and 610th Brigade Support Battalion , participated in the ceremony , which signified the transfer of the brigade from inactive to active status . The brigade was expected to be combat ready in 12 months after its activation . When the brigade was fully functioning , 3 , 500 soldiers and 1 , 700 family members were expected to call Fort Riley , Kansas home . Operation Iraqi Freedom . In 2007 , 2nd Squadron , 4th Cavalry and the 610th Brigade Support Battalion were reflagged as the 1st Squadron , 4th Cavalry and the 701st Brigade Support Battalion respectively . The 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed from Fort Riley to the Middle East in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in February 2007 . In August 2009 , The 4th Brigade deployed again to the Salah ad Din Province , Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . Announcement of Inactivation . On 25 June 2013 , Army Chief of Staff , General Raymond Odierno , said that the 4th Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Infantry Division will be inactivated by 2017 . The move is part of the Army ' s plans to reduce its overall strength by 80 , 000 soldiers to 490 , 000 . The cuts were already planned by the military before federal budget reductions were put in place in March 2013 .
Arnold Burmeister Arnold Hans Albert Burmeister ( 28 February 1899 – 2 July 1988 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 25 . Panzergrenadier Division . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Arnold Burmeister was captured by British troops in May 1945 , and was held until 1947 .