naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 1422 Flight RAF No . 1422 ( Night Fighter ) Flight was an independent Royal Air Force flight , used to test night fighting techniques and tactics . History . The unit started originally as No . 422 ( Fighter Interception ) Flight , formed on 14 October 1940 at RAF Shoreham to study the use of single - seat night fighters That unit went up into No . 96 Squadron RAF on 18 December 1940 . The unit was reformed as No . 1422 ( Night Fighter ) Flight at RAF Heston on 12 May 1941 , equipped with a variety of night fighters for trials and experimental work . Tactics were developed here for the Turbinlite Douglas Havoc and Turbinlite de Havilland Mosquito , as well as radar equipped aircraft . The flight was disbanded on 3 June 1944 to become the Special Projectile Flight of the Royal Aircraft Establishment .
Tamara passive sensor Tamara was the third generation Czechoslovak electronic support measures ( ESM ) system that used measurements of time difference of arrival ( TDOA ) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters by multilateration . Tamara ' s serial numbers were KRTP - 86 and KRTP - 91 and it carried the NATO reporting name of Trash Can . The serial number was derived from the Czech phrase " Komplet Radiotechnického Průzkumu " meaning " Radiotechnical Reconnaissance Set " . History . Development of Tamara by the state - run company Tesla in Pardubice began in 1981 and continued until 1983 . Tests of a mobile system began in September 1984 through to 1985 . It was finally deployed in 1987 following acceptance tests in October of that year . In 1991 the baseline KRTP - 86 Tamara was superseded in production by improved the KRTP - 91 Tamara - M . Appearance . Unlike its predecessors , Tamara was a mobile system deployed on eight large Tatra T815 trucks and mounted upon a powerful 25 m hydraulic mast . Setup was completely automated and claimed to be of the order of twenty minutes from the moment of arrival at a site . Mode of operation . The deployed system typically comprises a central site ( containing the signal processing equipment and an ESM receiver ) and two or three side sites containing only an ESM receiver . The side sites relay the signals received to the central site over a point - to - point microwave link . The central site uses the known propagation delay from the side sites to estimate the TDOA of the pulses at each site . The TDOA of a pulse between one side site and the central site locates the target on a hyperboloid . A second side site provides a second TDOA and hence a second hyperboloid . The intersection of these two hyperboloids places the target on a line , providing a 2D measurement of the target ' s location ( no height ) . A third site provides a third hyperboloid and hence an a measurement of height . Tamara could automatically track 23 radar and 48 IFF targets simultaneously . Its frequency band is 0 . 8 - 18 GHz . The nominal range of the system is 450 km , and it is generally limited by the radio horizon . It provides surveillance over a sector of approximately 100 degrees , with the later KRTP - 91 system offering a wider 120 degree sector of surveillance . Exports . Tesla built a total of 23 units , with 15 KRTP - 86 Tamara and 4 KRTP - 91 Tamara - M units exported to the former Soviet Union , as well as a single KRTP - 86 Tamara unit to the German Democratic Republic . According to some recent publications , to the United States via Oman in 1991 . Chinese YLC - 20 is reportedly a development of KRTP - 91 Tamara - M , though no complete unit has been exported to China . Related systems . Tamara was the successor of the Kopáč and Ramona . It has been succeeded by the VERA family of sensors .
Boniface of Verona Boniface of Verona ( died 1317 ) was an Lombard Crusader in Latin Greece during the early fourteenth century . From 1296 he was , in right of his wife , Agnes of Cicone , the Lord of Karystos , a triarch of Negroponte , and a great lord in the Duchy of Athens , owning thirteen castles there as a gift from Duke Guy II . Because he had a friendly rapport with the Catalan Company , he was spared in the great Battle of Halmyros , where most of the chivalry of Athens perished alongside their duke , Walter V of Brienne ( 1311 ) . He was taken captive after the battle , but was asked by the Catalans to be their leader and governor of the Duchy of Athens . Fearing reprisals from the Republic of Venice in Negroponte , he declined the honour and it was instead given to Roger Deslaur . In 1317 , Boniface finally came to a full alliance with the Catalans ; he married his daughter Maria ( Marulla ) to Alfonso Fadrique . Boniface dispossessed his own son Thomas of his inheritance and bestowed it upon his son - in - law . He died later that year . Because of a personal friendship with the chronicler Ramon Muntaner , Boniface received hearty praise as " the wisest and most courteous noble ever born . "
Wilhelm Loos Wilhelm Loos ( 27 December 1911 – 28 December 1988 ) was a highly decorated " Hauptmann " in the Wehrmacht during World War II and an " Oberstleutnant " in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold one of only 631 awards .
Second Siege of Gibraltar The Second Siege of Gibraltar was an abortive attempt in 1315 by the Nasrid Moors of the Emirate of Granada to recapture Gibraltar , which had fallen to the forces of Ferdinand IV of Castille four years previously in 1309 . The siege was precipitated by the overthrow in 1314 of Nasr , Sultan of Granada by his nephew Ismail . The new sultan declared " jihad " against the Christian rulers of the Iberian Peninsula in 1315 and moved to establish a siege against Gibraltar . While Ismail ' s forces were digging in around Gibraltar , Castillian forces under the Prince Regent Peter of Castile – who exercised authority in the name of the infant king Alfonso XI of Castile – undertook a raid deep into Granada to plunder and destroy the emirate ' s rich agricultural lands . When news of the siege reached Peter at Cordoba , he left his army where it was and went to Seville to organise naval and land forces to lift the Nasrid blockade . The siege appears to have ended without a fight when the Nasrids retreated at the sight of the approaching Castillian forces . Peter paid off and disbanded the relieving force , granting his soldiers " grandes quittances " – loosely speaking , double pay – and returned to his army at Cordoba to continue the harrying of Granada .
Vishwa Nath Sharma General Vishwa Nath Sharma , PVSM , AVSM , ADC , was the 15th Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army . He is the younger brother of the late Major Som Nath Sharma , recipient of Independent India ' s first posthumous Param Vir Chakra . Both brothers were educated at the Prince of Wales ' Royal Indian Military College , Dehradun . V . N . Sharma went on to join the fifth Regular Course at the Indian Military Academy and he was commissioned on 4 June 1950 into the 16th Light Cavalry . He fought in the 1965 War against Pakistan in the Lahore Sector . He has commanded an Armoured Regiment and also a Mountain Brigade in an insurgency affected area . Awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal for distinguished service , General Sharma took over as General Officer Commanding - in - Chief , Eastern Command , on 1 June 1987 and was appointed Honorary Army ADC to the President on 25 July 1987 . He took over as the Chief of Army Staff on 1 May 1988 . He retired on 30 June 1990 .
Hotchkiss M1922 machine gun The Hotchkiss M1922 was a light machine gun manufactured by Hotchkiss . It had a regulator that could adjust the rate of fire and was chambered in a wide range of calibre s and fed from 20 round overhead magazines or 15 - 24 - 30 round strip . Hotchkiss M1922 was also used by the Chinese Nationalist Army during the Second Sino - Japanese War to fight against the Japanese Imperial Army .
Esequiel Hernández Jr Esequiel Hernández Jr ( May 14 , 1979 - May 20 , 1997 ) was an 18 - year - old American high school student killed on May 20 , 1997 by United States Marines in Redford , Texas , located approximately one mile from the United States – Mexico border . < ref name = " Gwynne / Marfa " > < / ref > Hernández was the first American civilian to be killed by active United States Armed Forces while they were on duty since the student massacre at Kent State University in 1970 and led to Defense Secretary William Cohen issuing a temporary suspension of troop patrols near the U . S . – Mexico border . The shooting inspired the 2005 movie " The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada " by Tommy Lee Jones , and the 2007 documentary " The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez " . Death . U . S . Marines on drug patrol heavily camouflage d in ghillie suit s came upon Hernández herding goats . The camouflaged Marines observed the 18 year old high school student from concealment at a distance of approximately 200 yards maintaining radio contact with their unit . Hernández , who was carrying a . 22 caliber rifle that family members said he used to fend off predators , shot in the direction of the Marines . Continuing to call for Border Patrol assistance , the Marines proceeded to track Hernández for twenty minutes , until the Marine fire - team leader shot and killed Hernandez . The bullet entered Hernandez ' armpit on his right side . Investigation . A congressional investigation into the killing was scheduled for September 1997 . A grand jury examined the fatal shooting and considered criminal charges against the four Marines , but did not indict any of the Marines involved in the shooting . The Justice Department subsequently dropped its investigation . The Marines also investigated the killing . In 1998 , the U . S . government paid his family $ 1 . 9 million to settle a wrongful death claim . The U . S . Marine who fatally shot Hernández was not charged . " The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez " . The 2007 documentary " The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez " explores his killing by Marines , analysing both sides of the issue . It won best - documentary awards at the Mexico City Film Festival and Santa Fe Film Festival in 2007 and at the El Paso festival in 2008 . It is directed by Kieran Fitzgerald and narrated by Tommy Lee Jones . The documentary premiered July 8 , 2008 on PBS . The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez is also a song written in 1999 by the Native American grindcore band Xool .
JDS Akebono ( DE - 201 ) The JDS " Akebono " ( DE 201 ) was a destroyer escort ( or frigate ) of the Japanese Maritime Self - Defense Force . " Akebono " was one of the first indigenous Japanese warships to be built following World War II . " Akebono " was laid down in 1954 as a steam turbine powered " B type " ASW escort , the only ship of its class , for comparison with two similar diesel powered ships , the s . " Akebono " entered service in 1956 and remained in use until 1976 . Design and construction . The Japanese Marine Safety Force ( later to become the Japanese Maritime Self - Defense Force ) authorised the purchase of three " B type " escort vessels as part of the Financial Year 1953 programme . Of the three ships , two of which were to be powered by diesel engines ( the " Izazuchi " class ) and the third by steam turbines , to be called " Akebono " . The equipment of the three escorts was similar , with two American 3 inch ( 76 mm ) guns , four 40 mm Bofors guns , a Hedgehog anti - submarine projector and eight K - gun depth charge launchers . " Akebono " had a twin - shaft machinery installation , with geared steam turbines producing which could propel the ship at a top speed of compared with the of the less powerful " Ikazuchi " class . " Akebono " was laid down at the Ishikawajima Tokyo shipyard on 10 December 1954 . She was launched on 15 October 1955 and completed on 20 March 1956 . Operations . " Akebono " was re - armed in March 1958 , when her original 3 - inch guns were replaced by more modern , autoloading 3 inch guns , with 1 Bofors gun , four K - guns also removed . " Akebono " was discarded in 1976 .
Tiny Tim ( rocket ) The Tiny Tim was an American air to ground rocket used near the end of the Second World War . One source states it was built in response to a United States Navy requirement for an anti - shipping rocket capable of hitting ships outside of their anti - aircraft range , with a payload capable of sinking heavy shipping . However , according to the China Lake Weapons Digest , the Tiny Tim was For a warhead , Tiny Tim utilized a 500 lb semi - armor - piercing high explosive bomb . It had a maximum range of 1 , 500 meters ( 1 , 640 yards ) . They were used by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps near the end of the war during the battle of Okinawa , and during the Korean War . A problem with the sheer power of the rocket motor causing damage to the firing aircraft was resolved by having the Tiny Tim drop like a bomb , and a lanyard attached to the rocket would snap , causing the rocket to ignite . Common targets included coastal defense guns , bridges , pill boxes , tanks , and shipping . An ambitious operation to use the Tiny Tim against German V - 1 sites as part of Operation Crossbow , code - named Project Danny , was planned but cancelled before the squadrons assigned could be deployed to Europe . Common Tiny Tim delivery aircraft during World War II included the PBJ - 1 Mitchell , F4U Corsair , F6F Hellcat , TBM Avenger , and the SB2C Helldiver . After World War II , the United States Navy ' s rocket laboratory at Inyokern , California developed an even larger version of the Tiny Tim , called " Richard " , which was 14 inches in diameter and most likely the largest air to surface unguided rocket ever developed for the US military . While tested , it was never placed in production . The United States Navy also experimented with a version of the Tiny Tim which was a two - stage rocket , with another Tiny Tim rocket motor mounted behind a complete Tiny Tim . Like the Richard , it never moved beyond the R & D stage .
James McPhie James McPhie VC ( 18 December 1894 – 14 October 1918 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . McPhie was 23 years old , and a corporal in the 416th ( Edinburgh ) Field Company , Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 14 October 1918 at the Canal de la Sensée near Aubencheul - au - Bac , Nord , France , Corporal McPhie was with a party of sappers maintaining a cork float bridge , which when our infantry started to cross it just before dawn began to break away and sink . Corporal McPhie jumped into the water and tried to hold the cork and timbers together but this proved impossible so he swam back and collected the materials for repair . Although it was daylight and the bridge was under close fire he then led the way to the bridge , axe in hand . He was severely wounded and died almost at once . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Imperial War Museum , London , England .
Siege of Smolensk ( 1654 ) The Siege of Smolensk was one of the first great events of the Russo - Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ) . Smolensk ( pl . " Smoleńsk " ) , which had been under the rule of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1404 – 1514 and since 1611 , was besieged by a Russian army in June 1654 . The Polish garrison of the city ( under the chairmanship of Smolensk Voivode Filip Obuchowicz ) hoped to get reinforcements from the army of Janusz Radziwiłł ( 1612 – 1655 ) , stationed in Orsha . Its situation worsened when Radziwiłł suffered a defeat from Prince Yakov Cherkassky in the Battle of Shklow . In September , the Polish garrison agreed to leave the city after it was promised a free retreat . The garrison left Smolensk and handed over its weapons and ensigns to the Russians before retreating to Commonwealth - controlled territory . A significant number of landowners , however , preferred to stay and keep their estates , becoming subjects of the Russian Tsardom .
Edward Angus Powell , Jr . Edward Angus Powell Jr , ( born April 1 , 1948 ) is a former president of the United Service Organizations ( USO ) , a volunteer organization that provides morale and recreational services to members of the United States military worldwide . A native of Richmond , Virginia , he was nominated by President Bill Clinton to serve as the Assistant Secretary for Financial Management , and was then promoted to Acting Deputy Secretary for the Department of Veterans Affairs , or VA . While at the VA , Mr . Powell was charged with managing 220 , 000 employees with an annual budget of $ 48 billion . Under his leadership , the VA received its first - ever clean audit opinion . As a result , he received the VA ' s Exceptional Service Award and was named Distinguished Federal Executive ( for 2000 ) by the Association of Government Accountants . Mr . Powell ' s career began as a Navy Yeoman serving with the Defense Intelligence Agency . He bought his first company at the age of 31 . His broad executive experience includes the ownership and management of several successful business ventures , and he is a former adjunct professor of Business Ethics and Policy at the University of Richmond School of Business . He passed the Series 7 , Securities Broker ' s Exam , and has held a Virginia real estate broker ' s license . He has been active in the Young President ' s Organization since the age of 32 , and is now active in the World President ' s Organization . Mr . Powell received his BA in Economics from Washington and Lee University , and later went on to obtain his MBA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1978 , using his GI Bill benefits .
3rd Brigade , Polish Legions Brigade III of the Polish Legions ( ) was a unit of the Austro - Hungarian Army , manned by Austrian Poles . It was formed in 1915 , existed till 1917 , and was a part of the Polish Legions in World War I . History . The Third Brigade was formed on 8 May 1915 , as part of the Polish Legions in World War I . The Brigade commanders included : Zygmunt Zieliński ( April 1915 - September 1915 ) , Wiktor Grzesicki ( September 1915 - July 1916 ) , Stanisław Szeptycki ( July 1916 - October 1916 ) , and Bolesław Roja ( ? ) . In 1917 the III Brigade together with the I Brigade followed Józef Piłsudski during the Oath crisis , refusing to swear the oath , and was disbanded . Battles . Major battles fought by the Second Brigade included : Organization . The Third Brigade comprised 2 infantry regiments ( the 4th , 5th and the 6th periodically served in it ) , a cavalry regiment ( the 3rd ) , artillery battalions , and support units .
French patrol vessel L ' Adroit L ' Adroit is a Gowind class patrol vessel specially designed by DCNS for maritime protection missions . It has a wide range of capabilities deployed through prevention and action assets optimized for maritime surveillance and policing duties , including fast commando boats , assault or transport helicopter , unmanned surveillance vehicles , electronic warfare intercept systems , shell doors , secure high - bitrate communication facilities and command aids . Placed at the disposal of the French Navy by DCNS for a period of three years , L ’ Adroit sailed from its home base on France ’ s Mediterranean coast in May 2012 to conduct its first fishery policing and maritime security mission , including deployment for operation Thon Rouge , monitoring fishing vessels with red tuna quotas for 2012 . Key innovations . The 360° panoramic bridge and the integrated mast give the L ’ Adroit ’ s crew reliable information acquisition resources . The minimal superstructure of the ship leaves a substantial space available for air operations ( helicopters , UAVs ) and for launch and recovery of surface assets ( RHIBs or USVs ) . The L ’ Adroit ’ s missions are managed by the POLARIS® combat system , which supplies essential detailed information on the ship ’ s environment , acquired by various detectors , deployed sensors and other ships integrated into the surveillance network . The mission system can also include MATRICS® , a maritime surveillance system capable of detecting suspicious course profiles automatically . Missions . L ' Adroit is a modern instrument for dealing with the constant increase in threats and illegal practices at sea . Area surveillance , the fight against piracy and terrorism , fishery policing , the fight against drug trafficking , protection of the environment , humanitarian aid , search and rescue at sea … L ’ Adroit is an offshore patrol vessel full of resources , capable of performing a wide spectrum of roles in coastal zones and on the high seas .
Tottori Castle In the late 12th century , following the Genpei War , the new Shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo granted the Tottori " han " to Nasu no Yoichi , the hero of the battle of Yashima . He lost it soon afterwards to Kajiwara Kagetoki , a spy for Yoritomo , in a hunting competition . Tottori is perhaps best known for its siege in 1581 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi , which lasted 200 days . The defenders , led by Kikkawa Tsuneie , were eventually forced to surrender due to starvation , coming just short , according to some accounts , of resorting to cannibalism . When they eventually surrendered , Hideyoshi provided food for the starving garrison but many survivors ate too quickly and died from overeating .
Hunza - Nagar Campaign The Hunza - Nagar Campaign was fought in 1891 by troops of the British Raj against the princely state s of Hunza and Nagar in the Gilgit Agency ( now part of the Gilgit - Baltistan of Pakistan ) . It is known in Pakistan as the " Anglo - Brusho War " . Cause . The Hunza - Nagar Expedition was ostensibly due to the defiant attitude of the Hunza and Nagar chiefs towards the British agent at Gilgit . Towards the end of the 19th century just as imperial troops began consolidating territory in tribal areas - these tribes began to acquire rifles and ammunition . The British suspected Russian involvement " with the Rulers of the petty States on the northern boundary of Jammu and Kashmir " ( see Great Game ) Colonel Algernon George Arnold Durand , commanded a force of approximately a thousand rifles and two guns . The British gained control of Nagar during a battle at Nilt Nagar ( Jangir - e - Laye ) in 1891 . The fort at Nilt was stormed , and after a fortnight ' s delay the cliffs beyond it were also carried by assault . Hunza and Nagar were occupied , the chief of Nagar was reinstated on making his submission , and the half - brother of the raja of Hunza was installed as chief in the place of his brother . The British awarded three Victoria Cross es during this campaign .
Paddy Condon James " Paddy " Condon - died 14 March 1964 , was a British SAS soldier during the Indonesia - Malaysia confrontation . While a part of D squadron under the command of Sgt . Richardson and patrolling to detect mortars that had been shelling Gurkha positions , Condon ' s unit encountered four enemy soldiers at dusk . Scattering for emergency rendezvous locations , the unit ' s signaler , was not seen again . His Bergen was later located by Sgt . Richardson after three days of searching , and it was surmised that Condon , having been wounded in the thigh , either died in captivity or was shot by his captors . His body was never returned , and he became the first member of the SAS to be killed operating inside Kalimantan , in Borneo . His death created a great animosity between the Indonesia ns and the SAS regiment . References . Printed sources : Websites :