naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
M830 The M830 is an American high explosive anti - tank ( HEAT ) round meant primarily for the 120 mm M256 main gun of the M1A1 and M1A2 Abrams . Aside from the double safety , propellant containment bag and M764 fuze , it is identical to the German DM12A1 . The cartridge weighs approximately 53 . 4 lb ( 24 . 2 kg ) . The round was praised for its performance during the 1991 Gulf War . It is no longer manufactured and has been replaced by the M830A1 . M830A1 HEAT MP - T . The M830A1 , the M830 ' s successor , provides greater lethality through a higher initial velocity and a multi - purpose fuse . Like the M829 armour - piercing fin - stabilized discarding sabot ( APFSDS ) round , it features a discarding sabot around a sub - caliber warhead . The cartridge weighs 49 . 2 lb ( 22 . 3 kg ) , with the projectile accounting for 25 . 1 lb ( 11 . 4 kg ) . It is also capable of engaging helicopters . The M830A1 was first fielded in 1994 . Replacement . The M830A1 is to be replaced by the Advanced Multi - Purpose ( AMP ) round currently in development .
John Rolph ( judge ) John Rolph is an American lawyer and officer in the United States Navy ' s Judge Advocate General corps . Military career . Captain John Rolph , JAGC , USN served as both an enlisted man and as an officer in the United States Navy during a 35 - year career from 1973 until he retired in 2008 . He served as an officer in the Judge Advocate General ' s Corps of the U . S . Navy from 1982 until 2008 . He held many legal positions in the Navy , including prosecutor , defense counsel , staff judge advocate , executive officer and commanding officer . He served as the Command Judge Advocate on board the USS INDEPENDENCE ( CVA - 62 ) from 1988 – 1990 , was the first Navy instructor / professor of law at the Army JAG School in Charlottesville , VA ( International Law Department — 1991 - 1993 ) , and served as the Executive Officer and Commanding Officer of the Naval Legal Service Office in Norfolk , VA ( 1996 – 1998 ) . His judicial positions include the following : Guantanamo challenge . Rolph ' s appointment was mentioned in a jurisdictional appeal filed by Omar Khadr ' s lawyers . Khadr ' s lawyers had argued that the Military Commissions Act only authorized the Secretary of Defense to appoint a Chief Judge , not a Deputy Chief Judge . And they pointed out that Rolph had been appointed the Deputy Chief Judge not by the Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , but also by Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R . England . In June 2007 , in his role as Deputy Chief Judge , Rolph had completed the compilation of the Court ' s " rules of practice " , which he published on June 28 , 2007 . Deputy Secretary England approved the rules of practice on August 13 , 2007 . Khadr ' s lawyers argued that Rolph lacked the jurisdiction to publish the Court ' s rules of practice — that only the Chief Justice had that authority . And they argued that only the Secretary of Defense had the authority to approve the rules ; not his Deputy . Khadr ' s lawyers ' appeal was heard by the Court of Military Commission Review itself , which ruled , on September 19 , 2008 , that the Military Commissions Act gave the Secretary of Defense broad discretion in how he delegated the tasks involved in running and overseeing the court , and that the Rolph rules of practice compilation were properly authorized .
Dornier Do 11 The Dornier Do 11 was a German medium bomber developed in secret in the early 1930s . It was originally called the Dornier F before being renamed by the " Reichsluftfahrtministerium " ( RLM ) in 1933 and was considered a heavy bomber at the time . It came into service in 1932 , a continuation of a line of bomber designs going back to the Dornier Do P in 1930 and the Dornier Do Y in 1931 . The line would continue to develop with the Dornier Do 13 and Dornier Do 23 . Design and development . One of the main features the Do 11 tested was a retractable undercarriage , but , due to problems with it , it was often left locked down . The aircraft entered service under the guise of a freight transport , and was used with the German railway in conjunction with Deutsche Luft Hansa , so that it could be shown publicly . What it was actually used for was as a trainer for the still secret " Luftwaffe " . The aircraft had a number of problems , which resulted in some crashes , and was generally unpopular with pilots . Especially problematic were wing vibrations which resulted in various precautions and modifications . Attempts were made to correct its faults , resulting in the so - called Do 11D , the last model with the Do 11 name . The Do 13 was a " simplified " Do 11 and came next , but had so many problems of its own that it did not fully enter service , with several of the first planes off the assembly line crashing . The later Do 23 corrected many faults of the design , but was still a lackluster aircraft , and was withdrawn from service by 1936 and replaced by superior aircraft that had since been developed . The Do 11 is noteworthy as having served in secret and having been the main heavy bomber of the quietly developing " Luftwaffe " , if only for a short while . It was also the first to have two large engines as opposed to its predecessors the Y and P , which used three and four engines respectively . Variants . " Data from : " '
Otto Ritz Otto Ritz ( 17 August 1920 – 12 February 1945 ) was a highly decorated Feldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Echizen - Fuchū Castle History . During the Sengoku period , Echizen province was ruled by the Daimyo Asakura until Oda Nobunaga invaded and conquered the province . Afterwards , three castles were built in Echizen by the " Fuchū Three " - - Fuwa Mitsuharu , Sassa Narimasa , and Maeda Toshiie . Fuchū Castle was built in 1575 and was held by Maeda Toshiie .
USS Delbert W . Halsey ( DE - 310 ) USS " Delbert W . Halsey " ( DE - 310 ) was a United States Navy launched during World War II but never completed . " Delbert W . Halsey " was laid down at Mare Island Navy Yard at Vallejo , California , on 2 August 1943 and launched on 11 April 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Anna Halsey , mother of Ensign Delbert W . Halsey , the ship namesake . Construction of " Delbert W . Halsey " was cancelled on 5 September 1944 . She was stored incomplete in dry dock No . 1 from 25 September 1944 to 3 October 1945 , cut in two in preparation for scrapping . She was scrapped at Mare Island .
Action of 6 July 1746 The Action of 6 July 1746 was an inconclusive naval engagement between a British fleet under Edward Peyton and a French fleet under Bertrand - François Mahé de La Bourdonnais early in the First Carnatic War , as the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession is sometimes called . Both fleets were damaged , with La Bourdonnais putting in at Pondicherry for repairs , and Peyton at Trincomalee . La Bourdonnais acquired additional guns at Pondicherry , and when the fleets met again in August 1746 , Peyton refused battle and retreated to Bengal . La Bourdonnais then proceeded to lead the successful French attack on Madras in September .
Colville Wemyss General Sir Henry Colville Barclay Wemyss KCB KBE DSO MC ( 1891 – 1959 ) was Adjutant - General to the Forces . Military career . Colville Wemyss was son of Alexander Wemyss . He was commissioned in the Royal Engineers in 1910 . He served in the First World War , being awarded the DSO and MC . In 1920 he transferred to the newly formed Royal Corps of Signals . In 1926 he became a General Staff Officer at the War Office and then in 1929 he was appointed an Instructor at the School of Signals at Catterick . He left the School of Signals in 1932 to become a General Staff Officer at Northern Command at York . On 1 October 1935 he was promoted Colonel and appointed an Assistant Adjutant General at the War Office in London . He was a student at the Imperial Defence College between 18 January 1938 on January 1939 . On completing the course , he was promoted Major General and appointed as the Director of Mobilisation at the War Office on 9 January 1939 . On 19 February 1940 he transferred to the post of Deputy Adjutant General to the Forces at the War Office . On 10 June 1940 he replaced General Robert Gordon - Finlayson as Adjutant - General to the Forces . He was promoted Acting Lieutenant General on assuming the role . The increasing importance of the role of the United States in the Second World War led to United Kingdom government establishing a military mission to Washington , D . C . and on 3 June 1941 Wemyss was appointed the Head of the British Army Mission to Washington . In January 1942 , Prime Minister Winston Churchill decided to replace Wemyss in Washington with General Sir Sir John Dill so Wemyss returned to the United Kingdom . Wemyss was appointed Military Secretary to the Secretary of State for War on 16 June 1942 . Wemyss was to remain in this key post for the rest of the war . He was promoted General on 15 October 1945 and retired from Army service on 23 November 1946 . Wemys was awarded the CB on 11 July 1940 and the KCB on 14 June 1945 . He was also awarded the KBE on 1 July 1941 . In recognition of his links to the United States , on 23 July 1948 , he was also awarded the U . S . Legion of Merit , Degree of Commander . References .
USS R - 26 ( SS - 103 ) USS " R - 26 " ( SS - 103 ) was an " R " - class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down 26 April 1917 by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company in Bridgeport , Connecticut ; the R - boats built by Lake Torpedo Boat ( R - 21 through R - 27 ) are sometimes considered a separate class from those built by Fore River Shipbuilding ( R - 1 through R - 14 ) and Union Iron Works ( R - 15 through R - 20 ) . She was launched on 18 June 1919 sponsored by Mrs . J . Walter Barnett , and commissioned on 23 October 1919 with Lieutenant Joseph C . Arnold in command . Service history . Homeported at Coco Solo in the Panama Canal Zone , " R - 26 " departed New London , Connecticut , on 26 November 1919 and arrived in the Canal Zone 11 January 1920 . Given hull classification symbol SS - 103 in July , she spent her entire career operating out of Coco Solo . Interrupting her service in those waters only for overhauls at Balboa and on the East Coast , she returned to the United States for inactivation in January 1925 . Arriving at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 25 January , she was decommissioned on 12 June after only five - and - a - half years of service . She was berthed at League Island until struck from the Naval Vessel Register in May 1930 . Her hull was sold for scrapping in July of that year .
7th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 7th Reserve Division ( " 7 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the German Army , in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 . The division was disbanded during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was a reserve division of the IV Reserve Corps and was raised primarily in the Province of Prussian Saxony , the Duchy of Anhalt , and the Thuringian states . Combat chronicle . The 7th Reserve Division began the war on the Western Front . It fought in the opening campaigns against the Belgian Army and the British Expeditionary Force , including the Battle of Mons , and pursued the Allies during the Great Retreat , culminating in the First Battle of the Marne . After 1st Marne , the division held the line in the Aisne region until September 1915 , when it went to the Champagne region . In 1916 , it fought in the Battle of Verdun , where it suffered heavy losses . It then saw action in the later phases of the Battle of the Somme . The division occupied various parts of the line in 1917 and into 1918 , before participating in the German Spring Offensive . After the offensive , it occupied various parts of the line again , facing Allied offensives and counteroffensives , and was hit by U . S . troops in the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . Allied intelligence rated it second class and noted that it was almost annihilated by the Armistice in November 1918 . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 7th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on March 12 , 1918 . The 7th Reserve Division was triangularized in April 1915 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of the artillery and signals commands . The order of battle on March 12 , 1918 was as follows :
Adolf von Brudermann Adolf von Brudermann ( June 2 , 1854 in Vienna - October 1945 in Vienna ) was a general of the Austro - Hungarian Army . Adolf was one of three sons of general Rudolf von Brudermann and like his two older brother followed military career reaching rank of Feldmarschall - Leutnant in 1913 .
Edward A . Silk Edward A . Silk ( June 8 , 1916 – November 18 , 1955 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Silk joined the Army from his birth city of Johnstown , Pennsylvania in April 1941 , and by November 23 , 1944 was serving as a first lieutenant in Company E , 398th Infantry Regiment , 100th Infantry Division . On that day , near St . Pravel , France , he single - handedly attacked a German - held farmhouse and captured the soldiers inside . He was awarded the Medal of Honor a year later , on November 1 , 1945 . Silk reached the rank of lieutenant colonel before leaving the Army . He died at age 39 from complications from a peptic ulcer and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Silk ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : 1st Lt . Edward A . Silk commanded the weapons platoon of Company E , 398th Infantry , on 23 November 1944 , when the end battalion was assigned the mission of seizing high ground overlooking Moyenmoutier , France , prior to an attack on the city itself . His company jumped off in the lead at dawn and by noon had reached the edge of a woods in the vicinity of St . Pravel where scouts saw an enemy sentry standing guard before a farmhouse in a valley below . One squad , engaged in reconnoitering the area , was immediately pinned down by intense machinegun and automatic - weapons fire from within the house . Skillfully deploying his light machinegun section , 1st Lt . Silk answered enemy fire , but when 15 minutes had elapsed with no slackening of resistance , he decided to eliminate the strong point by a one - man attack . Running 100 yards across an open field to the shelter of a low stone wall directly in front of the farmhouse , he fired into the door and windows with his carbine ; then , in full view of the enemy , vaulted the wall and dashed 50 yards through a hail of bullets to the left side of the house , where he hurled a grenade through a window , silencing a machinegun and killing 2 gunners . In attempting to move to the right side of the house he drew fire from a second machinegun emplaced in the woodshed . With magnificent courage he rushed this position in the face of direct fire and succeeded in neutralizing the weapon and killing the 2 gunners by throwing grenades into the structure . His supply of grenades was by now exhausted , but undaunted , he dashed back to the side of the farmhouse and began to throw rocks through a window , demanding the surrender of the remaining enemy . Twelve Germans , overcome by his relentless assault and confused by his unorthodox methods , gave up to the lone American . By his gallant willingness to assume the full burden of the attack and the intrepidity with which he carried out his extremely hazardous mission , 1st Lt . Silk enabled his battalion to continue its advance and seize its objective .
Andrey Melnikov Andrey Alexandrovich Melnikov ( , ) ( April 11 , 1968 — January 8 , 1988 ) was a Private , machine gunner of the 9th Company , 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment , 40th Army . Melnikov was present during the Battle for Hill 3234 as an RPK gunner . During the late night of January 8 , Melnikov blunted a strong mujahideen attack on the 9th Company ' s position , at the cost of his life . For his bravery and skill under fire , Melnikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union .
Joe D . Dowdy Colonel Joe D . Dowdy , was the commanding officer of the Regimental Combat Team 1 ( RCT - 1 ) during the 2003 invasion of Iraq . He led his unit to within 130 km of Baghdad before being relieved of command on April 4 , 2003 by Major General James Mattis , the commanding officer of the 1st Marine Division . He was replaced by Colonel John Toolan then chief of staff for the Division . According to the spokesman for the 1st Marine Division at the time , Lieutenant Eric Knapp , Colonel Dowdy ' s removal " . . . was a decision based on operating tempo . " This decision was controversial to many in Marine Corps and the Department of Defense . Dowdy is now the Special Operations Manager at NASA ' s Kennedy Space Center . In popular culture . The replacement of Colonel Dowdy and his role in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq was referenced in the episode " Stay Frosty " of the HBO miniseries " Generation Kill " . The episode highlights the discontent within the Marine Corps over the decision , most notably amongst its officers .
Taino rebellion of 1511 The Taino rebellion of 1511 was a military conflict between the Conquistadors of Castile led by Juan Ponce de León and the Taino ' s of " Boriken " led by Agueybana II . The rebellion erupted after the drowning of Diego Salcedo in 1511 . The rebellion lasted until 1513 when Taino soldiers surrendered to Spanish Conquistadors . Background . The first Spaniards landed on the shores of Puerto Rico on November 19 , 1493 . The Taino ' s saw the Spaniards as gods upon their arrival . There was no real conflict between Taino ' s and the Spaniards until 1508 when Juan Ponce de León arrived in Puerto Rico . When gold was discovered on the island Taino ' s were forced to work in the mines along with African slaves . Often Taino women were raped by Conquistadors and forced to have their children . Taino women often would kill themselves while pregnant because they did not wish to have the children of the Spaniards . In 1510 , the grand cacique of " Boriken " , Agueybana , died of natural causes . Control was given to his nephew , Agueybana II . The Taino ' s succession of throne would be passed down to their nephews knowing that the nephew came from blood , the leader ' s sister . Rebellion . Agueybana II had doubt that the Spaniards were Gods so he decided to test this belief . One day in 1511 Agueybana and Urayoan , cacique of Anasco , lured a Spanish soldier named Diego Salcedo to a river bank and drowned him . Now that the Taino ' s knew that the Spaniards were not Gods Agueybana II had secret meetings with other Taino caciques . Spanish general Cristobal de Sotomayor sent a spy named Juan Gonzalez to spy on one of the meetings . After Gonzalez reported this Sotomayor the cacique of Utuado , Guarionex , raided the village of Sotomayor , killing 80 and severely wounding Cristobal de Sotomayor . Juan Ponce de León led a series of offensives against the Taino ' s , capturing Guarionex during a battle . These battle eventually culminated at the Battle of Yaguecas . At the Battle of Yaguecas a Spanish soldier shot and killed Agueybana II with arquebus . The Spanish kept control after the death of Agueybana II but another rebellion erupted in 1513 , after Ponce de León left to Florida , when a band of Taino ' s , led by Urayoan , raided and sacked the city of Caparra . There was no other significant conflict between the Taino ' s and Spaniards ever recorded . Aftermath . After the final battle between Taino ' s and Spaniards in 1513 most Taino ' s went back to work in the mines . In 1519 the Puerto Rican gold mines were declared empty . In 1519 a smallpox epidemic hit Puerto Rico , killing even more Taino ' s . By 1530 only 1 , 148 full blooded Taino ' s were reported to be alive in Puerto Rico .
Camp Ashraf raid The Camp Ashraf raid was carried out by the Iraqi Army on April 8 , 2011 in Camp Ashraf against the Iranian opposition group , the People ' s Mujahedin of Iran ( PMOI or MKO ) , which has been designated as a terrorist organisation by Iraq and Iran . A total of 34 people were killed and 318 injured . The attack was denounced as a " massacre " by PMOI leader Maryam Rajavi and U . S . Senator John Kerry . Background . Camp Ashraf is located northeast of the Iraqi town of Khalis , about 120 kilometers west of the Iranian border and 60 kilometers north of Baghdad , and is the seat of the PMOI . The PMOI is designated as a terrorist group organization by both Iran and Iraq , although it has been removed as designated terrorist organization by the United States and European Union . The PMOI was welcomed into Iraq in the 1980s by then - President Saddam Hussein who funded and armed the group , which fought alongside Iraqi forces during the Iran - Iraq War and later helped Saddam Hussein suppress the 1991 uprisings in Iraq . Following the 2003 U . S . invasion of Iraq , U . S . troops took control of Camp Ashraf and disarmed its fighters . In return , the U . S . military signed an agreement which provided the camp ' s 3 , 400 residents protected status under the Geneva Conventions . In 2009 , the U . S . military handed over control to the Shi ' a dominated Iraqi government , which has repeatedly vowed to close the camp as Prime Minister Nouri al - Maliki has reportedly been trying to bolster his country ' s ties with Iran . The Iraqi Army has raided Camp Ashraf prior to the April 2011 attack . In July 2009 , Iraqi security forces entered the camp , killing at least nine people and injuring some 400 people . Raid . Prior to the raid , tensions had been building between the Iraq army and Ashraf residents , who feared an impending attack as soldiers built up their forces outside the camp . The Iraqi general , Ali Ghaidan Majid , who led the raid stated it was in response to Ashraf residents tossing rocks at his troops and throwing themselves in front of military vehicles . Following the raid , which left 34 dead , the PMOI released footage filmed and edited by members of the group , which show Iraqi soldiers firing at unarmed civilians at Camp Ashraf , and using military vehicles to herd and run down crowds of people . Iraqi authorities , on the other hand , claimed that only three people were killed resisting a military operation to return land from camp residents to farmers . Among the confirmed victims of the raid was Saba Haftbaradaran .
Malcolm MacLeod ( British Army officer ) Major - General Malcolm Neynoe MacLeod ( 23 May 1882 – 1 August 1969 ) was Director General of the Ordnance Survey from 1935 to 1943 . In 1935 he started the retriangulation of Great Britain , an immense task which involved erecting concrete triangulation pillars ( trig points ) on prominent ( often inaccessible ) hilltops throughout Britain . As well as being an immense physical task , it was also an extremely complex mathematical undertaking . MacLeod can fairly be said to be the creator of the Ordnance Survey in its modern form . MacLeod was commissioned in the Royal Engineers in 1900 , serving in India from 1902 until 1914 . During World War I he commanded the 4th Field Survey Battalion . He became Chief Instructor at the School of Artillery , Larkhill in 1920 , serving until 1923 when he moved to the Ordnance Survey . He was Director - General of the Ordnance Survey in 1935 , retiring in 1943 .