naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Wilfrid Freeman Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfrid Rhodes Freeman , 1st Baronet , GCB , DSO , MC , RAF ( 18 July 1888 – 15 May 1953 ) was one of the most important influences on the rearmament of the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) in the years up to and including the Second World War . RAF career . Having joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1914 , he saw active service during the First World War as Officer Commanding No . 14 Squadron and then as Officer Commanding 10th Wing and then 9th Wing , and continued to serve in the newly formed RAF during the inter - war years . He was made Commandant of the Central Flying School in 1925 , Deputy Director of Operations and Intelligence at the Air Ministry in 1927 and Station Commandert at RAF Leuchars in 1928 . He went on to be Air Officer Commanding Transjordan and Palestine in 1930 , Commandant of the RAF Staff College , Andover , in 1933 . In 1936 , as Air Member for Research and Development , he was given the job of choosing the aircraft with which to rearm the RAF , and in 1938 his remit was expanded to include the controlling of their production , which he did with great distinction until 1940 . In November 1940 he was moved against his will to become Vice - Chief of the Air Staff . His department , now formed into the Ministry of Aircraft Production ( MAP ) by the opportunistic Lord Beaverbrook ( who took credit for much of Freeman ’ s work ) rapidly stagnated , and after two years Freeman was moved back to MAP which he continued to run with distinction . More perhaps than any other single figure , Freeman was responsible for the RAF ordering the Hawker Hurricane , Supermarine Spitfire , De Havilland Mosquito , Avro Lancaster , Handley - Page Halifax and Hawker Tempest . He played an equally vital role in the development of the Merlin - engined P - 51 Mustang , providing North American with the original specification and then installing Rolls - Royce Merlin engines in place of the unsatisfactory Allison V - 1710 engines . References .
USS Virginia ( SP - 274 ) USS " Virginia " ( SP - 274 ) was a yacht in the United States Navy . She was constructed in 1910 by Elco at Bayonne , New Jersey . The ship was purchased by the Navy on 5 May 1917 from Mr . Daniel W . Smith of New York City and delivered to the Government on 2 July . To avoid the confusion of having several ships of the same name , the Navy discarded her name and referred to her simply as " SP - 274 " , though references to her as " Virginia ( SP - 274 ) " in the Navy Register for 1918 indicate that she probably retained her name informally . Commissioned on 10 August 1917 , " SP - 274 " was assigned to the 9th Naval District section patrol ; and , although the records are unclear , she probably operated out of Detroit , conducting patrols on Lake Michigan . She served until 12 August 1919 , at which time her name was struck from the Navy Register ; and , by 18 March 1920 , she had sunk at the Detroit Dock . Here again , the records are unclear with regard to whether she sank before or after being struck . In any event , her sunken hulk was sold to J . A . Nicholson of Morris Heights , New Jersey , on 1 April 1920 .
Battle of Schwaderloh The Battle of Schwaderloh took place on April 11 , 1499 near Triboltingen , a village on the Swiss shores of the " Untersee " just south of Constance . It was one of the major battles of the Swabian War between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the forces of the Swabian League and of emperor Maximilian I . The Swabians had assembled a large army at Constance in April 1499 . Constance , situated on the north shore of the river Rhine , was an ideal gateway for expeditions into Swiss territories of the Thurgau south of Lake Constance . The Swiss had prepared for an attack and set up their main camp at Schwaderloh , a small village only a few kilometers south of Constance , and had garrisoned the villages on the southern shores of the lake . Already in the weeks before the battle , minor skirmishes had taken place , and the Swabian cannons on the island Reichenau had laid fire on the village of Ermatingen . In the early morning of April 11 , 1499 , a large Swabian army of about 4 , 500 to 6 , 000 foot soldiers and some 400 to 600 knights under the command of count Wolfgang von Fürstenberg poured forth from the city gates of Constance . They crossed the river and drove back the small Swiss garrisons in the villages of Ermatingen , Mannenbach , and Triboltingen . They captured two cannons at Ermatingen , which had been sent by the city of Lucerne to answer the fire from Reichenau . Seeing the Swiss retreat , the troops turned to looting and burning the villages , and began already to transport back their bounty to Constance . Attempts of the Swabian commanders to maintain battle order were ignored by the soldiers . The Swiss troops retreated through the woods to Schwaderloh , where the main contingent of the Swiss camped . They quickly assembled their forces and marched with some 1 , 400 to 1 , 800 men to Triboltingen . Between Triboltingen and Gottlieben , they attacked the disorganized Swabians and took them by surprise . The mostly inexperienced Swabian footsoldiers took to flight immediately . Only the knights withstood them for some time and managed to fire some cannon shots ; when smoke obscured the view the Swiss were able to engage in close combat and routed them . The Swiss had divided their forces into two at this point — the pikemen continuing to fight the Swabian knights , while the halberdiers and other troops pursued the routing Swabian foot soldiers . The Swabians fled the battlefield in disarray , leaving behind not only their bounty but also all of their artillery , including the two cannons they had captured in the morning at Ermatingen . Many tried to flee by swimming across the lake , leaving behind their weapons and armors . At least 80 soldiers drowned in the lake , many others died in the swamplands between Gottlieben and Constance . Contemporary sources report that many Swabian soldiers fled in panic as far away as Überlingen and Radolfzell . The Swiss pursued them until the city gates of Constance ; and they took no prisoners : any wounded soldiers left on the battlefield were killed .
North Korea Peace Museum The North Korea Peace Museum is in the building constructed to house the signing of the Korean War Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 . It is located in the former village of Panmunjeom ( P ' anmunjŏm ) in North Hwanghae Province , North Korea . It is located approximately north - west of the Joint Security Area ( JSA ) , in the northern half of the Demilitarized Zone . The building is all that remains of the former village , and since the mid - 1950s , references to Panmunjom actually refer to the Joint Security Area itself . The weapons used to kill U . S . Army Capt . Bonifas and Lt . Barrett in the Axe Murder Incident of 1976 are housed within the Museum . The Museum is located about north - east of Kijong - dong , often referred to as " Propaganda Village " .
PL - 5 The PL - 5 ( 霹雳 - 5 ) air - to - air missile ( PL stands for Pi Li , " Thunderbolt " in Chinese , the generic designation for all PRC air - to - air missiles ) is a short - range , infra - red guided missile use by Chinese fighters . It is based on AA - 2 Atoll technology and resembles the AIM - 9 Sidewinder . The PL - 5 was designed and developed at China ' s Luoyang Electro - Optics Technology Development Centre ( EOTDC ) , also known as Institute 612 ; its design team members included Chen Jiali ( 陈家礼 ) , Dong Chunfeng , Hu Rongchao ( 胡荣超 ) , Huang Bin , Zhang Ming ( 张明 ) , and Zheng Zhiwei ( 郑志伟 ) . It was reportedly produced at the Hanzhong Nanfeng Machine Factory ( also known as the Hanzhong Air - to - Air Missile Factory ) of China Aviation Industry Corporation I . The PL - 5 have been continuously upgraded by Luoyang and the latest variant , the PL - 5EII added a dual band , multi - element detector as well as a laser proximity fuse similar to the PL - 9 . According to Chinese export / import agency CATIC , the PL5E has an all - aspect capability with the seeker having a maximum off boresight angle of ±25° before launch , and ±40° after launch . PLAAF J - 10 and J - 11 fighter jets are mainly using PL - 8 missile , which is more advanced comparing PL - 5 . However due to greater weight and dimension of PL - 8 missile , for F - 7 and JH - 7 , PL - 5 is still the preferable air - to - air missile at this stage .
HMAS Cowra HMAS " Cowra " ( J351 / M351 ) , named for the town of Cowra , New South Wales , was one of 60 " Bathurst " class corvettes constructed during World War II , and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Construction . " Cowra " was laid down by Poole & Steel at Balmain , New South Wales on 12 August 1942 . She was launched on 27 May 1943 by the wife of Percy Spender , the Federal Treasurer and member of the Advisory War Council , and was commissioned into the RAN on 8 October 1943 . Operational history . " Cowra " began active service in November 1943 as a convoy escort along the east coast of Australia . She continued until March 1944 , when she was reassigned to New Guinea as an escort and anti - submarine patrol vessel . In June 1944 , the corvette sailed to Melbourne for refits , which concluded on 19 August . She returned to New Guinea at the end of the month , and for the next eleven months was primarily assigned to escort and patrol duties near Morotai . In January 1945 , " Cowra " fired on Japanese shore positions at Yalela Bay , before visiting Brisbane briefly in February 1945 . On 17 July , she was recalled to Australian waters , where she spent the rest of World War II . The ship was awarded two battle honour s — " Pacific 1943 - 45 " and " New Guinea 1944 " — for her wartime service . Following the end of the war , " Cowra " was assigned to the 20th Minesweeping Flotilla , and performed mine clearance operations in the waters of Australia , New Guinea , and the Solomon Islands . On 2 December 1946 , " Cowra " returned to Sydney and was decommissioned into reserve . On 20 February 1951 , " Cowra " was recommissioned for use as a training ship for National Service trainees . Decommissioning and fate . " Cowra " was paid off for the second time on 26 June 1953 . In January 1961 , the corvette was sold to the Kinoshita Company of Japan for scrapping .
Arai Ikunosuke Early life . Arai Ikunosuke was born in the Tedai - cho district of Edo , near the Yushima Seidō shrine as the son of the Tokugawa " gokenin " Arai Seibei . He began learning the Chinese classics at age 7 , and on the recommendation of his uncle , starting at age 12 he studied swordsmanship " ( Jikishin Kage ryu " and " Shingyoto - ryu ) , " archery , and horse riding . At age 14 , he entered the Shogunate ' s academy at " Shoheizaka , " and at age 18 , he began to study Western - style gunnery . He began his career in the Shogunate at age 20 , entering into Dutch studies ( the ever - popular " rangaku ) , " and was posted as an instructor at the Nagasaki Naval Training Center . Life in the 1860s . After studying mathematics , sailing , and navigation , Arai was appointed a director of the Naval Training Center in 1862 . However , he was reassigned to the Shogunate ' s Military Academy " ( Kobusho ) " in 1864 , and it was there that he worked with Otori Keisuke , learning French - style infantry tactics in Yokohama in 1865 . Boshin War . In 1868 during the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration , Arai was assigned as a captain to the Shogunal Navy , and together with Enomoto Takeaki departed Shinagawa Harbor when Edo was surrendered to the Imperial Army . Traveling to Hokkaidō , he became Navy Minister of the new Republic of Ezo , and while he took part in the Naval Battle of Miyako Bay and the Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay , the Ezo forces were defeated , and Arai was placed in prison , where he remained pending a sentence of death . Meiji Era . With his sentence of death commuted , Arai worked with Enomoto in land reclamation for a time , before working in the Agricultural School , as well as becoming head of a women ' s school . He was later put in charge of the Central Meteorological Agency during the Meiji period , and became the first person to photograph the corona of the sun in Japan , during a solar eclipse in 1887 . Later in life , together with his old colleague Ōtori Keisuke , he contributed to the magazine " Kyū Bakufu " , writing articles about his experiences in the 1860s , as well as about the navy of the former Shogunate . Arai died of diabetes in 1909 , at the age of 74 .
2nd Infantry Division ( South Africa ) The South African 2nd Infantry Division was an infantry division of the army of the Union of South Africa during World War II . The Division was formed on 23 October 1940 and served in the Western Desert Campaign and was captured ( save for one brigade ) by German and Italian forces at Tobruk on 21 June 1942 . The remaining brigade was re - allocated to the South African 1st Infantry Division . History . Formation . The division was formed on 23 October 1940 with its divisional HQ at Voortrekkerhoogte , South Africa . On 21 June 1942 two complete infantry brigades of the division as well as most of the supporting units were captured at the fall of Tobruk . Order of battle . Initial Operational Deployment : 2 December 1941 . On 18 September 1941 the Division was re - allocated from X Corps command to falling under General HQ command and were responsible for protecting the railway and water supply lines between Alexandria and Mersa Matruh . On 11 October , the The Kaffrarian Rifles were detached from the division and deployed to protect the landing fields in the Daba - Fuka - Bagush area . On taking over responsibility for the Frontier area on 2 December 1941 the divisional order of battle , as part of the 8th Army was : Order of Battle : The Fall of Tobruk . Order of Battle as at 20 June 1942 Note : After the capture of the rest of the division , 3rd South African Infantry Brigade and the 1st Field Regiment of the Cape Field Artillery became part of the South African 1st Infantry Division . Theatres of operation . The theatres that the division served in were as follows : Battles , actions and engagements . The division took part in the following battles , actions and engagements :
FPG - 82 The FPG - 82 is a INS / GPS guided wing - kit for Mk - 82 - class bombs , under development by Friuli Aeroespacial , for the Brazilian Air Force . Service . The FPG - 82 will equip the Brazilian Air Force ' s F - 5BR and AMX , and Brazilian Naval Aviation A - 4 . Characteristics . The kit adds a 40 kg GPS / INS navigation system in a tail fairing and pop - out wing in a dorsal saddleback fairing enabling a 7 : 1 glade ratio aiming to crease standoff range up to 80 km .
Marc Alan Lee Marc Alan Lee , ( March 20 , 1978 - August 8 , 2006 ) age 28 , was a United States Navy Seal . He was the first seal to lose his life in Operation Iraqi Freedom . Lee was killed August 2 , 2006 in a fierce firefight while on patrol against insurgent s in Ramadi . Lee was posthumously awarded the Purple Heart , Bronze Star with Valor and the Silver Star . On March 20 , 2013 , the Marc A . Lee Training Center building was dedicated at the Naval Amphibious Base Coronado . Personal life . Marc was born in Portland , Oregon and moved to Colorado when he was a year old with his mother Debbie and brother and sister . When he was 7 , he and his family moved back to Hood River , Oregon . Lee was home - schooled until his Junior year and graduated from Baptist Christian School in 1996 . In 1997 , he moved to Colorado once again to pursue his dream of a career in professional soccer . He was scheduled for tryouts with the Colorado Rapids and in an indoor soccer match the night before tryouts he blew out his knee requiring surgery on his ACL and meniscus . He attended The Master ' s College in California with a major in Bible & Theology and played on their soccer team . His 2nd year he changed his major to Law . In May 2001 , Lee went into the Navy with a contract to tryout for the SEAL ’ s .
Nikolay Vtorov Nikolay Alexandrovich Vtorov ( ; – 20 May 1918 ) was a Russian industrialist . According to a 2006 Forbes study , which excluded the ruling House of Romanov , he held the title of Russia ' s wealthiest man on the eve of World War I , owning an estimated 60 million rubles in gold . Biography . Life and career . Nikolay owed his fortune to his father , Alexander Vtorov , a successful Irkutsk businessman who set up a trans - Siberian retail shopping network . Upon his death in 1911 , Alexander Vtorov ' s net worth was estimated at 13 . 6 million roubles ; it passed to Nikolay and his lesser - known brother , who had lived in Moscow since 1897 . Nikolay Vtorov used his father ' s fortune to take over numerous banks and manufacturing companies ; his aggressive takeover policies earned him the nickname of " the Russian Morgan " . He has been called " the first to break the age - old traditions in favor of a rational and intelligent organization of commercial business . " Upon Russia ' s entry into World War I , Vtorov became one of the major military contractors for the tsarist government , amassing huge state subsidies to build new manufacturing plants in central Russia ; he was de facto defense industry manager for the whole of the Moscow region . Death and legacy . Vtorov decided to stay in Russia after the 1917 Revolution and pledged loyalty to the Bolshevik regime . Less than a year later , in May 1918 , he was assassinated ; the exact circumstances of his death remain unknown . He was buried in the cemetery of the now - defunct Skorbyashensky Monastery in Moscow . Many of Vtorov ' s largest wartime projects , inherited by the Soviets , are still in operation : Lesser - known Vtorov plants are still operating all over the city of Moscow . Many have been converted into offices and shopping malls . Vtorov ' s former residence , Spaso House , was seized by the Soviet government in 1918 and has since housed the United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union ( 1933 - 1991 ) and United States Ambassador to the Russian Federation ( 1991 – present ) .
Paddy Blagden Brigadier Patrick Martin Blagden CBE is a retired British Army officer and was the United Nations ' foremost expert on de - mining working for UNMAS . Born 15 March 1935 , Paddy Blagden spent nearly 35 years in the British Army , of which the last 9 years were spent in Research and Development , operational needs for special equipment and the purchasing of equipment . In May 1988 he joined the engineering staff of Royal Ordnance plc , part of British Aerospace . Blagden was commissioned into the Royal Engineers from Sandhurst in 1955 . He was promoted Lieutenant in 1957 , Captain in 1961 , Major in 1967 , Lieutenant - Colonel in 1975 , and Colonel in 1980 . He retired in 1988 . http : / / www . eudem . vub . ac . be / files / patrickblagden . htm In September 1991 , he was sent to direct the Royal Ordnance mine clearance and EOD contract in the Gulf , which he managed until the end of the mine clearance phase . In July 1992 he was appointed Project Manager of a Royal Ordnance weapons system , but in August 1992 he was recruited by the UN to set up their mine clearance office , which later became UNMAS . He ran the UN demining office until August 1995 , when he left to become a freelance consultant for the World Bank , the ICRC , the EU ( including assistance to the JRC and the writing of contracts for clearance of a minefield in Zimbabwe ) , and a number of other agencies including the Japanese and Swiss Governments . In September 1998 he was invited by the Swiss government to assist in the formation of the GICHD , and then to act as its Technical Director , a post he continued to hold until 2011 , when he retired to become a local councillor . On 10 May 2013 , Blagden was elected as Mayor of Farnham in Surrey for the municipal year 2013 / 14 . His term ends on Thursday 8 May 2014 .
Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center The Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center ( GCACTC ) was 1 of 3 regional United States organizations for primary , basic ( " cross - country work " ) , and advanced flight training when the U . S . entered World War II . The center ' s various detachments in the Central United States also provided technical training for ground positions such as Air Observers and weathermen . The center included a Basic Training Command and on November 12 , 1941 , the GCACTC ' s Air Corps Replacement Center ( aircrew ) at Kelly Field began a preparatory course . History . In 1939 only 2 Air Corps flying schools were operating ( Randolph Field and , for advanced training , Kelly Field ) and on May 24 , 1940 , General Henry H . Arnold submitted a plan to the War Department for 3 training centers . When the new centers for the West Coast ( HQ at Moffett Field CA ) and Southeast ( Maxwell Field AL ) were established on August 22 , 1940 ; the existing " Air Corps Training Center " was redesignated the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center . Funding of a 30 , 000 - pilot training program was approved on April 5 , 1941 , and included new GCACTC bases at " Enid , Okla . ; Perrin Field , Sherman , Tex . ; Waco , Tex . ; Moore Field , Mission , Tex . ; Lubbock , Tex . ; Midland , Tex . ; and Lake Charles , La . " In 1941 , " comprise [ d ] the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center " for basic and advanced flying training plus 16 civilian flight schools by October ( a bombing range was also part of the center ) . The Central Instructors School began at Randolph in January 1942 , and the first " flying sergeants " graduated as combat pilots in May 1942 " at a civil contract flying school in the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center " ( 92 of 183 in " Pilot Training Class 42 - C " ) . On September 26 , 1942 , the GCACTC ' s Advanced Twin Engine and Bombardier Training Center at Midland , Texas , was redesignated Midland Army Airfield ' s Army Air Forces Bombardier School ( colloq . " Bombardier College " ) which operated 23 bombing ranges in West Texas ( the school had moved to Albuquerque Army Air Base by February 28 , 1945 ) . On January 8 , 1943 , the 31st Flying Training Wing ( Primary ) was activated as an Enid tenant unit " to supervise and inspect " the GACTC ' s civil contract flying schools . In conjunction with the USAAF Flying Training Command merging with the Technical Training Command ; on July 31 , 1943 , the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center was deactivated when the GCACTC schools were consolidated with the separate navigator training ( 4 schools including 1 at Ellington Field that had been a bombardier school ) and redesignated as the Central Flying Training Command . The consolidation supported the January 1943 Casablanca Conference decision regarding air power in the European Theatre and the resulting " Combined Bomber Offensive from the United Kingdom " plan , which required aircrews for 4 development phases ( 944 , 1192 , 1746 , & 2702 bombers ) through 31 March 1944 .
Ishikawa Kazumasa After 1560 , when Ieyasu abandoned the Imagawa , Kazumasa then became a valued retainer and administrator under him . During the year 1562 , when Ieyasu managed to convince Imagawa Ujizane to release his family , Kazumasa acted as guardian of the Imagawa , which at the time was a very dangerous task . After Toyotomi Hideyoshi ' s victory over Shibata Katsuie , in 1583 , Ieyasu expressed his congratulations to Hideyoshi though Kazumasa . A later , Kazumasa and Sakikabara Yasumasa accordingly issued statements attacking Hideyoshi , due to the Tokugawa ' s decision . Kazumasa served at the Komaki headquarters during the Komaki - Nagakute Campaign . In 1585 , Kazumasa , very dismayed by what he saw as Tokugawa ' s foolhardy path of resistance against Toyotomi Hideyoshi , switched sides to Hideyoshi . This inconvenienced Ieyasu , who had to reconstruct his military organization and defensive policies , since Kazumasa had significant knowledge about their organization . Kazumasa then later decided to retire and live with his son Ishikawa Yasumichi , until he died in 1609 .