naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
World Association of Home Army Soldiers The World Association of Home Army Soldiers ( ; abbreviated ŚZŻAK ) is an international non - governmental organization gathering former soldier s of the Home Army . ŚZŻAK brings together members of the Army and other armed organizations subordinate in time of war to the Polish government - in - exile who fought for Polish independence . Those who continued the fight for independence after the dissolution of the Home Army and persons who adhere to the ideals of the Home Army and act to stabilize them in Polish society are also considered for membership . In the early 1990s the organization had over 80 thousand members , in the year 2008 about 35 thousand members , and in 2010 about 12 thousand members . The highest authority of the World Association of Home Army Soldiers is the Congress of Delegates , and in the periods between meetings the ŚZŻAK is managed by the Governing Council , the Executive Board , Chief Audit Commission , and General Court of Arbitration . Members of these bodies are elected by the Assembly of Delegates for three - year terms . On 10 April 2010 , the Polish Air Force Tu - 154 crash in Smolensk killed Czeslaw Cywinski , President of the ŚZŻAK . On 15 May 2010 , by the decision of the IX Congress of Delegates , Stanislaus Oleksiak was elected President .
SM UC - 78 SM " UC - 78 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 8 December 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 10 January 1917 as SM " UC - 78 " . In 12 patrols " UC - 78 " was credited with sinking a single ship , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 78 " was rammed and sunk by the British steamer west of Cherbourg on 9 May 1918 .
Battle of Rocquencourt The Battle of Rocquencourt was a cavalry skirmish fought on 1 July 1815 in and around the villages of Rocquencourt and Le Chesnay . French dragoons supported by infantry and commanded by General Exelmans destroyed a Prussian brigade of hussars under the command of Colonel Eston von Sohr ( who was severely wounded and taken prisoner during the skirmish ) . While Marshal Davout negotiated a final armistice with Field Marshals Wellington ( commander of the Anglo - Dutch army ) and Blücher ( commander of Prussian army ) , he ordered Exelmans to attack the Prussians at Versailles on 1 July 1815 to slow the Prussian advance and probably to show the coalition army commanders that the French army was still willing to fight if the terms of the armistice were not reasonable . Under attack the Prussians retreated from Versailles and headed east , but were blocked by the French at Vélizy . They failed to re - enter Versailles and headed for Saint - Germain - en - Laye . Their first squadron came under fire at the entrance of Rocquencourt and attempted to escape through the fields . They were forced into a small , narrow street in Le Chesnay and killed or captured ; however , the main body of the Prussian army succeeded in reaching Saint - Germain .
Benjamin Morgan Harrod Benjamin Morgan Harrod ( February 19 , 1837 – September 8 , 1912 ) was an American civil engineer who from 1895 to 1902 directed the construction of the water and sewerage systems in his native New Orleans , Louisiana . The son of Charles Harrod and the former Mary Morgan , Harrod was educated in New Orleans by private tutors . He graduated with two degrees in 1856 and 1859 from Harvard College in Cambridge , Massachusetts . In 1861 , he enlisted in the Crescent Rifles during the American Civil War . As a first lieutenant , he was captured by the Union Army in 1863 during the siege of Vicksburg , Mississippi . He was paroled and then joined the Second Regiment of Engineers in Petersburg , south of Richmond , Virginia . Harrod was part of the Confederate staff with General Robert E . Lee in the final surrender after the battle at Appomattox Court House , Virginia , on April 9 , 1865 . After the war , Harrod from 1877 to 1880 was the chief engineer for the state of Louisiana . He was a member of the Louisiana River Commission from 1879 to 1904 . As chief engineer of the city of New Orleans from 1888 to 1902 , he directed the water / sewerage project . He was thereafter named by U . S . President Theodore Roosevelt to the Panama Canal Commission but did not live to see the completion of the canal in 1914 . Harrod shared Roosevelt ' s interest in conservation of natural resources through his work in the Audubon Society . Harrod was a member of the Society of Civil Engineers and the Louisiana Engineering Society . He maintained a notable collection of art and was consulting engineer for the construction of the New Orleans Museum of Art , then known as the Delgado Art Museum . The first Mrs . Harrod was the former Harriet Uhlhorn ; upon her death , he married Eugenia Uhlhorn , Harriet ' s sister . He had no children . Harrod was Episcopalian . He died in New Orleans and is interred there at Metairie Cemetery .
Charles H . Pierce Not to be confused with Charles H . Pearce Charles Henry Pierce ( February 22 , 1875 – March 2 , 1944 ) was an Private in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine - American War . He is buried at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood , California . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company I , 22d U . S . Infantry . Place and date : Near San Isidro , Luzon , Philippine Islands , October 19 , 1899 . Entered service at : Delaware City , Del . Birth : Cecil County , Md . Date of issue : March 10 , 1902 . Citation : Held a bridge against a superior force of the enemy and fought , though severely wounded , until the main body came up to cross .
Rondel ( armour ) A rondel is a circular piece of metal used for protection , as part of a harness of plate armour , or attached to a helmet , breastplate , couter or on a gauntlet . Rondels most commonly hang off breastplates and cover the armpit , which is a vulnerable point . In this instance they are commonly known as besagew s . They also appear on the back of a type of late medieval helmet known as the armet . Their purpose for this is unknown , though it has been surmised that they may protect strapping , or just be some sort of added protection . Rondels also appear uncommonly on the metacarpal part of some historical gauntlet designs , and appear in some period illustrations protecting the side of the head , and the point of the elbow ( where a fan may normally be ) .
192 Squadron ( Israel ) The 192 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force ( IAF ) , also known as the Daya ( Milvus ) Squadron , was formed in July 1978 with several E - 2 Hawkeye Airborne Early Warning aircraft . The squadron served in a reconnaissance role during the 1982 Lebanon War and in other operations since . The squadron was reportedly disbanded in 1994 , although a flying E - 2C appeared in a flight school air show in 1998 . The IAF was the first operator to install in - flight refuelling equipment and also applied several avionics enhancements to Israeli E - 2Cs . Three of the four Israeli Hawkeyes were sold to Mexico in 2002 after an upgrade package installation , while one was handed over to the Israeli Air Force Museum . The " Roll Out " Ceremony of the first E - 2C Hawkeye Aircraft for the Mexican Navy took place on January 21 , 2004 , at the facilities of Israel Aerospace Industries ' s Bedek Aviation Group .
Charles Eugène Gabriel de Sombreuil Charles Eugène Gabriel de Sombreuil ( 11 July 1770 , Bonnac - la - Côte – 28 July 1795 ) was a French Royalist commander during the Quiberon expedition , for which he was executed in 1795 . His father was Charles François de Virot de Sombreuil .
USS Portunus ( AGP - 4 ) USS " Portunus " ( AGP - 4 ) was an acquired by the U . S . Navy for use during World War II as a motor torpedo boat ( MTB ) tender . " Portunus " was laid down as " LST - 330 " by the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard , 12 November 1942 ; launched 11 February 1943 as " Portunus " ( AGP - 4 ) ; and commissioned at Baltimore , Maryland , 12 June 1943 , Lt . Comdr . James R . Hanna in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . After shakedown along the U . S . East Coast , this motor torpedo boat tender departed the U . S . 23 July 1943 in task group TG 29 . 6 for the Panama Canal , whence she continued to Australia . At Cairns , 10 October , she loaded PT Base 4 gear for transport to Kana Kope , New Guinea . On the 20th she arrived at Buna , New Guinea , and until 4 July 1944 repaired and serviced U . S . and Australian naval units operating along the New Guinea coast . Underway 4 July in convoy with and 8 units of MTB Squadron 25 , " Portunus " arrived at Mios Woendi in the Schoutens 9 July . Through December , she underwent overhaul at Brisbane , Australia , and on 29 January 1945 returned to Mios Woendi and resumed repair work . Invasion of the Philippines . On 20 February she got underway for Leyte Island , whence she proceeded to Ilo Ilo , Panay , to support MTB Ron 33 during the assault there and to establish a patrol base after its success . The assault waves met no apparent opposition , the enemy having set fires and demolition charges and evacuated the city . Okinawa operations . On 2 April " Portunus " got underway for Samar and Leyte . On 16 April she joined company with the remainder of TG 78 . 2 to land the 24th Infantry Division , U . S . Army and secure Parang , Mindanao . She steamed between various points on Mindanao and Samar , supplying MTB ' s , until 16 July when she got underway in convoy for Okinawa . She anchored off Hagushi , 21 July and shifted to Togouchi Harbor the next day . She serviced and repaired MTB Ron 31 and 37 and various other units through 29 September when she prepared to get underway for California and inactivation . Post - war decommissioning . Decommissioned at Mare Island , California , 18 April 1946 , she was struck from the Navy List 13 November 1946 , transferred to the Maritime Commission 6 February 1948 and simultaneously delivered to the Kaiser Co . , Oakland , California , for scrapping . Military awards and honors . " Portunus " earned 3 battle stars for World War II service
Operation Crackers Operation Crackers was a British Commando raid during the Second World War . The raid from the 23 February to the 3 March 1943 at Sognefjord in Norway , consisted of 16 men drawn from No . 10 ( Inter - Allied ) Commando , No . 12 Commando and No . 30 Commando . The original object of the raid was to attack an observation post and take a look at another , rough seas prevented this , so instead an observation post was manned for a week undetected , gathering information .
Loculus ( satchel ) Loculus is a Latin word literally meaning " little place " and was used in a number of senses including to indicate a satchel . Satchels were carried by Roman legionaries , as a part of their " sarcina " or luggage . No loculus has survived in entirety although some small portions of leather found at Bar Hill ( Strathclyde , Scotland ) have tentatively been identified as parts of a loculus . The object is primarily known from illustrations on Trajan ' s Column . The loculus is thought to have measured about and was likely made from leather . It is just the right size to be made in one piece from a single goat hide although calf leather is also possible . The bag is reinforced by diagonal straps . In the centre of the front of the bag these straps held a bronze ring with a mushroom - shaped stud that holds the triangular flap closed . At the top corners were two plain bronze rings used to suspend the bag while it is carried on the shoulder pole or furca . The loculus was probably used to store rations and a legionary ' s personal effects . Reconstruction . There have been many attempts to reconstruct the loculus for historical reenactment .
SS Kolno Kolno was a 2 , 487 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1936 as Nordcoke by Lübecker Flenderwerke AG , Lübeck , Germany . In 1940 , she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine and was renamed Nordlicht . In 1945 , she was seized by the Allies at Hamburg , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and was renamed Empire Conwear . In 1946 , she was passed to the Soviet Union and renamed Armavir ( ru . " Армавир " ) . In 1947 , she was sold to Poland and renamed " Kolno " . She served until 1971 when she ran aground off Falsterbo , Sweden , following which she served as a hulk until scrapped in 1983 . Description . The ship was built in 1936 by Lübecker Flenderwerke AG , Lübeck . She was completed in December of that year . The ship was long , with a beam of . She had a depth of , and a draught of . As built , she was assessed as 2 , 497 GRT , 1 , 297 NRT . The ship was propelled by a compound steam engine which had two cylinders of 20 inches ( 51 cm ) and two cylinders of 43 inches ( 110 cm ) diameter by 43 inches ( 110 cm ) stroke . The engine was built by Lübecker Flenderwerke . Most notable for a ship of her time is , that Nordcoke was equipped with large - scale hatch openings , which measured 10 by 10 metres , covered by steel hatch covers . The background of this new system was a faster handling of her cargoes , mainly coal and iron ore by means like mechanical grabs and further time - saving during opening and closing of those folding - type steel covers . History . " Nordcoke " was built for F Krupp , Essen . Her port of registry was Hamburg and the Code Letters DJSI were allocated . She was operated under the management of Norddeutsche Kohlen - und Koks Werke AG . In 1940 , she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine and was renamed " Nordlicht " . In May 1945 , " Nordlicht " was captured by the Allies at Hamburg . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Conwear " . Assessed as 2 , 487 GRT , the United Kingdom Official Number 180741 was allocated . She was operated under the management of James Westoll Ltd . Her port of registry was London . In 1946 , she was allocated to the Soviet Union and was renamed " Armavir " . Her port of registry was Archangelsk . In 1947 , she was sold to Żegluga Polska Line and was renamed " Kolno " . Her port of registry was changed to Szczecin , and the Code Letters SPFB were allocated . On 14 March 1967 , " Kolno " was in collision with the Danish cargo ship in the Odense River . On 7 January 1970 , " Kolno " ran aground off Falsterbo , Sweden . She was subsequently rebuilt for use as a floating boilerhouse and based at Świnoujście until she was scrapped in April 1983 .
German submarine U - 599 German submarine " U - 599 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was a member of four wolfpack s , carried out one patrol and sank no ships . She was sunk northwest of the Azores by a British aircraft , in October 1942 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 27 January 1941 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 575 , launched on 15 October and commissioned on 4 December under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Wolfgang Breithaupt . She served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 4 December 1941 for training and the 1st flotilla from 1 September 1942 for operations . Patrol and loss . " U - 599 " departed Kiel on 27 August 1942 and headed for the Atlantic Ocean . Her route took her through the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . She then patrolled the area southeast of Greenland and east of Labrador . She was sunk on 24 October northwest of the Azores by depth charge s dropped by a British B - 24 Liberator of No . 224 Squadron RAF . Forty - four men died in " U - 599 " ; there were no survivors . See also . List of German submarines
Seoul National University Hospital Massacre The Seoul National University Hospital Massacre ( Hanja : 서울國立大學校附属病院虐殺事件 ) was a massacre committed by the North Korean Army on 28 June 1950 of 700 to 900 doctors , nurses , inpatient civilians and wounded soldiers at the Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul district of South Korea . During the First Battle of Seoul , the North Korean Army wiped out one platoon which guarded Seoul National University Hospital on 28 June 1950 . They massacred medical personnel , inpatients and wounded soldiers . The North Korean Army shot or buried the people alive . The victims amounted to 900 . According to South Korean Ministry of National Defense , the victims included 100 South Korean wounded soldiers .
John Godwin ( Royal Navy officer ) Temporary Lieutenant John Godwin , RNVR ( 13 December 1919 - 2 February 1945 ) was a British soldier . Born and brought up in Argentina , he took part in a raid named Operation Checkmate on Axis shipping near Haugesund , north of Stavanger , Norway . His party managed to sink a minesweeper and a number of steamers using limpet mines , but he was eventually captured with the rest of his party , a commando sergeant , two Naval Petty Officers and three seamen . After spending some time in Grini concentration camp , they were sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where contrary to the Geneva Convention , they were forced to march thirty miles a day on cobbles testing army boots . On 2 February 1945 they were led to execution , in accordance with Hitler ' s Commando Order of 1942 . Godwin managed to wrestle the pistol of the firing party commander from his belt and shot him dead before being himself shot . No superior officer witnessed this act so a decoration could not be awarded . However , his bravery was mentioned in dispatches ( posthumously ) . The citation , in " The London Gazette " , 9 October 1945 , read : " For great gallantry and inspiring example whilst a prisoner of war in German hands in Norway and afterwards at Sachsenhausen , near Oranienburg , Germany , 1942 - 1945 " .
M432 mine The M432 is a Portuguese bounding anti - personnel mine , which traces the roots of its design to the Second World War German S - mine , although it is probably more directly related to the Belgian NR 442 mine and U . S . M16 mine . , all operational stocks of the mine have been destroyed , although some may have been retained for training purposes . The mine has an olive green steel cylindrical body which has an offset fuze well on the top . The mine is used with the T253 trip and pressure fuze , similar to the M605 fuze used with the US M16 mine . The fuze has three prongs with a central post for attaching a trip wire . The fuze is triggered by either pressure applied to the prongs or tension on an attached tripwire . Once the fuze is triggered , the inner mine body is projected into the air by a small explosive charge . The outer shell of the mine remains in the ground , and is attached to the inner body by a short length of wire . This wire pulls taut once the mine has risen to a height of approximately one metre . The jerking action pulls a striker into a detonator , triggering the main charge of the mine . The detonation of the mine scatters approximately 1 , 240 fragments to an effective radius of approximately 25 meters , with widely spaced fragments still lethal at a range of at least 50 meters . The mine is reported to also be effective against soft skinned vehicle s .
U . S . – South Korea Status of Forces Agreement U . S . – South Korea Status of Forces Agreement ( Hangul : ; Hanja : , SOFA ) ; Official name : Agreement under Article 4 of the Mutual Defence Treaty between the Republic of Korea and the United States , Regarding Facilities and Areas and the Status of United States Armed Forces in the Republic of Korea ) is an agreement between South Korea and the U . S . approved and enacted in 1967 and revised in 1991 and 2001 . It is a status of forces agreement that concerns the treatment of United States Forces in South Korea . The Agreement makes it difficult for Koreans to take legal action against U . S . troops , even when they have committed crime . Therefore , only 3 . 6 percent of all crimes committed by U . S . servicemen were brought to trial by the South Korean government in 1999 .
Pozières Pozières is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France . Geography . The commune is situated on the D929 road , some northeast of Amiens between Albert and Bapaume , on the Pozières ridge . History . The village was completely destroyed in World War I during what became the Battle of Pozières ( 23 July – 7 August 1916 ) , which was part of the Battle of the Somme . The village was subsequently rebuilt , and is now the site of several war memorial s . The Australian flag flies over Pozières in recognition of the sacrifice of the ANZAC s in the Battle of Pozières . Amongst the British and other Commonwealth forces who fought at Pozières , the Australians suffered over 5 , 000 killed , wounded or taken prisoner . One of those killed , on 5 August , was the English composer George Butterworth , and in 2008 the road between the town and Martinpuich was renamed ( George Butterworth Lane ; ) .
Dwight E . Beach General Dwight Edward Beach ( July 20 , 1908 – July 22 , 2000 ) commanded the United States Forces Korea from 1965 – 1966 and U . S . Army , Pacific from September 1966 to July 1968 . He gained his commission in 1932 into the Field Artillery . He served in World War II in the Pacific theater , participating in four amphibious assault s , as well as in the Korean War . Biography . Beach was born in Chelsea , Michigan , on July 20 , 1908 , and attended the University of Michigan for two years before transferring and graduating from the United States Military Academy . Prior to transferring to West Point , he was initiated into the Sigma Chi fraternity . He also attended the Armed Forces Staff College and the Army War College , and was later an instructor of tactics at West Point . Major command assignments for Beach include Commanding General , 45th Infantry Division , of the Eighth Army in Korea in 1954 . Later he served as Commanding General for the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg . During the escalation of U . S . involvement in Vietnam , he served as Commanding General for the U . S . Army Combat Developments Command in Fort Belvoir , Virginia , and then as Commander in Chief of the United Nations Command , Commander of U . S . Forces in Korea and Commanding General of the Eighth Army in Korea . Additional major duty assignments for Beach were Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief of Staff for the Eighth Army in Korea , and Director of Special Weapons Development at Fort Bliss , Texas . He later served as Deputy Chief and Chief of Research and Development for the Department of the Army in Washington , D . C . He retired from the Army on August 1 , 1968 . He was married to the former Florence Eileen Clem ( 1912 – 1995 ) in 1932 , and had five children . He died in Lima Township , Michigan , at the 147 - year - old Beach Farm . Awards and decoration . Awards and decorations for General Beach include the Army Distinguished Service Medal , the Silver Star , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star , the World War II Victory Medal , the Occupation of Japan Medal , the Korean Service Medal , the United Nations Service Medal , and the Philippine Liberation Ribbon . Dwight E . Beach Middle School , in Chelsea , Michigan , is named for him .