naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Oruzgan police station attack of January 2002 American special forces mounted an attack on an Oruzgan police station in January 2002 . On January 23 , 2002 , American special forces attacked a District police station , and a nearby school that was the temporary home to a delegation of the official Afghan government disarmament commission . Numerous casualties were inflicted during the attack . The Pentagon acknowledged killing 15 Afghan officials . Afghan sources said 21 civilians were killed . Two senior officials from the disarmament commission were among the dead . The Pentagon eventually acknowledged the attacks were mistakes — blaming faulty intelligence . The Pentagon acknowledged that the men were neither Taliban or al Qaeda , and blamed the attack on bad intelligence . 27 Afghan officials were held by the Americans for over two weeks , in conditions they described as brutal , in the Kandahar detention facility . Abdul Rauf , the Chief of Police , said his men surrendered without a fight . He described being beaten into unconsciousness , after his surrender , only to find himself lying next to the dead body of one of his men when he awoke . Carlotta Gall , of the " New York Times " , interviewed three other police officers , Allah Noor , Ziauddin , and Aktar Muhammad , who also described brutal beatings while in US custody . Ziauddin said he was beaten so hard it had knocked out one of his teeth . Abdul Rauf told " New York Times " reporter Carlotta Gall that he would never forgive the Americans for their brutality .
Nizam - ı Cedid The Nizam - ı Cedid ( from Persian " Nezām - e Jadīd " , meaning New Order ) was a series of reforms carried out by the Ottoman Sultan Selim III during the late 18th and early 19th centuries in a drive to catch up militarily and politically with the Western Powers . Specific reforms included conscription , new taxes , new legal categories , and the promotion of a more territorially - based state structure achieved by more strictly defined regions and administrative centralization . The term later came to refer to the new regular army established under the reform program . Napoleon ' s invasion of the Ottoman eyalet s of Egypt and Syria ( 1798 – 1801 ) and the Napoleonic Wars ( 1803 – 1815 ) were influential in Sultan Selim III ' s decision to modernize the Ottoman military , which had become obsolete compared to the militaries in Western Europe in terms of organizational structure , weaponry technologies , and modern warfare strategies . The " Nizam - ı Cedid " ( New Order ) reforms of Selim III ( reigned 1789 – 1807 ) were further improved by his successors Mahmud II ( reigned 1808 – 1839 ) and Abdülmecid I ( reigned 1839 – 1861 ) ; eventually culminating in the " Tanzimat " ( Reorganization ) reforms which thoroughly modernized the Ottoman State . Between 1829 and 1855 the new army was constantly being improved under the sight of military advisors . The troops of the Nizam - ı Cedid corps were equipped with European - style uniforms and educated in European military strategy . Sultan Abdülmecid I even claimed that , if the campaign of 1829 against the Russians was fought over again in 1855 , the result would be very different .
Otto Gieseke Otto Gieseke was a Brigadeführer ( Major General ) and Generalmajor of Polizei in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Gieseke was awarded the Knight ' s Cross when in command of the 1st SS Polizei Schutzen Regiment .
Square Leg Square Leg was a 1980 British government home defence exercise that assessed the effects of a Soviet nuclear attack . It was assumed that 131 nuclear weapons would fall on Britain with a total yield of 205 megatons ( 69 ground burst ; 62 air burst ) . This was felt to be a reasonably realistic scenario , although the report stated that a total strike in excess of 1 , 000 megatons would not be unexpected . Mortality was estimated at 29 million ( 53 % of the population ) ; serious injuries at 7 million ( 12 % ) ; short - term survivors at 19 million ( 35 % ) . Square Leg was criticised for a number of reasons : the weapons used were exclusively in the high yield megaton range — with an average of 1 . 5 megatons per bomb — whereas a realistic attack based on known Soviet capabilities would have seen mixed weapons yields , including many missile - based warheads in the low hundred kiloton range ; no targets in Inner London are attacked ( for example Whitehall , the centre of British government ) ; towns such as Eastbourne are hit for no obvious reason . Operation Square Leg was one of the exercises used to estimate the destructiveness of a Soviet nuclear attack in the 1984 BBC production " Threads " .
SM U - 97 SM U - 97 was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I . U - 97 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic . The German unit sank by accident on her way to surrender at position .
German submarine U - 506 German submarine " U - 506 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 11 July 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg as ' werk ' 296 , launched on 20 June 1941 and commissioned on 15 September 1941 under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Erich Würdemann . After completing her training with the " 4th U - boat Flotilla " based at Stettin , " U - 506 " was transferred to the " 10th U - boat Flotilla " for front - line service on 1 February 1942 . She sank 14 ships , three were classified as ' damaged ' another vessel was declared a ' total loss ' . She was sunk in the Atlantic on 12 July 1943 by depth charge s dropped by a US B - 24 Liberator . Service history . 1st patrol . " U - 506 " first departed Hamburg on 2 March 1942 and sailed to Heligoland , leaving there on 9 March for her first patrol , which took her around the British Isles to Lorient in occupied France via the gap between the Shetland and Faeroe Islands , by 25 March . 2nd patrol . The U - boat sailed from Lorient on 6 April 1942 , crossed the Atlantic , and entered the Gulf of Mexico to operate off the Mississippi River Delta against the crucial oil trade . En route she sank a Nicaraguan merchant ship off the southern tip of Florida . Between 10 and 20 May she sank three American oil tankers and a banana boat , and damaged four other oil tankers , one so badly it was declared a total loss . On the return journey she sank two British merchant ships off the Bahamas , eventually returning to Lorient on 15 June . 3rd patrol . " U - 506 " sailed from Lorient once again on 28 July 1942 and headed south to the coast of West Africa , operating against ships sailing from Freetown , Sierra Leone . There she sank five more merchant ships , four British , one Swedish . On the return journey the U - boat took part in the rescue operations after the sinking of the RMS " Laconia " , before returning to Lorient on 7 November after 103 days at sea . 4th patrol . The U - boat sailed from Lorient on 14 December 1942 and again headed south , this time to the coast of South Africa , where she sank two merchant ships , one British , the other Norwegian , before returning to base on 8 May . She was away even longer than on her third patrol - 146 days . 5th patrol . " U - 506 " s final voyage began on 6 July 1943 . On 12 July the U - boat was attacked by a USAAF B - 24 Liberator bomber of the 1st Anti - Submarine Squadron in the North Atlantic west of Vigo , Spain , in position . The U - boat was located by the aircraft ' s SC137 10 cm radar , which the Germans could not detect , and was attacked with seven depth charge s . The U - boat broke in two , and about 15 men were seen in the water by the pilot , who dropped a liferaft and a smoke flare . Only six men were rescued by a British destroyer three days later .
Fauchard A fauchard is a type of polearm weapon , which was used in medieval Europe from the 11th through the 14th centuries . The design consisted of a curved blade put atop a 2 m ( 6 – 7 feet ) long pole . The blade bore a moderate to strong curve along its length , however unlike a glaive the cutting edge was only on the concave side . This made the fauchard blade resemble that of a sickle or a scythe . This was not a very efficient design for the purposes of war , and was eventually modified to have one or more lance points attached to the back or top of the blade . This weapon is called a fauchard - fork , but is very often erroneously referred to as a guisarme or bill - guisarme since it superficially appears to have a ' hook ' .
Alfred Simm Alfred Simm ( 12 July 1910 – 19 November 1973 ) was a Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services In the United States Military , Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services , or PMCS , ( also known in the US Air Force as Preventative Maintenance Inspections or PMI ) , are the checks , service and maintenance performed before , during , and after any type of movement or before the use of all types of military equipment . Most pieces of military equipment have a PMCS chart used to go over every detail needed or noted to ensure the proper function of every mechanical item or non - mechanical surface . A PMCS check is required before , during and after a piece of equipment or vehicle is used . Checks are also done at weekly , monthly , semi - annual , annual , and bi - annual intervals , depending on the specific part . Doing a PMCS check every time equipment is used may reduce the number of failures . This will reduce the number of injuries during training exercises , improve effectiveness in combat , and increase the operator ' s ability to implement their equipment . A PMCS is required before a vehicle can be dispatched and before a piece of equipment , such as a weapon , can be issued . A PMCS sheet , as listed above , for vehicles is called a DA 5988E . This sheet is used to write down any deficiency found during the PMCS procedure . The steps taken to perform the PMCS are explained in a Technical Manual and performed by the operator . A PMCS is also used at unit level .
551st Special Operations Squadron The 551st Special Operations Squadron ( 551 SOS ) is a squadron of the United States Air Force . It is assigned to the 27th Special Operations Wing at Cannon AFB , New Mexico . The 551st had been based at Kirtland Air Force Base from 15 March 1976 until its inactivation on 10 May 2007 . It was reactivated in 2009 and currently is assigned to the AFSOC and trains aircrews on the MC - 130 and AC - 130 . Operations . The 551st was originally designated the 1551st Flying Training Squadron , and was assigned to the 1550th Aircrew Training and Test Wing , 1550th Combat Crew Training Wing . In 1994 , it was redesignated the 551st Special Operations Squadron , and was reassigned to the 58th Special Operations Wing . The 551st conducted helicopter training until it was inactivated in 2007 . It is also responsible for special operations contingencies , exercises , and humanitarian rescue missions . The Squadron conducted training on the Pave Low helicopter , but suspended these operations due to the looming retirement of the helicopter .
4th Battalion 14th Marines 4th Battalion , 14th Marines ( 4 / 14 ) was a United States reserve artillery battalion comprising three firing batteries and a headquarters battery . The battalion was based in Bessemer , Alabama and its primary weapon system was the M198 Howitzer with a maximum effective range of 30 kilometers . They were part of the 14th Marine Regiment and the 4th Marine Division . Mission . Provide artillery support to a maneuver element or reinforcing fires to another artillery organization . History . 4th Battalion , 14th Marines started as a direct support artillery Battalion utilizing the M109A3 ( SP ) Self Propelled Howitzer , then transferred all ( 18 ) M109A3 SP ' s to the Army and converted to the M198 Tow Howitzer . 4th Battalion , 14th Marines , 4th Marine Division was the last Marine Corps unit to use the M109A3 SP Howitzers . Headquarters battery and Lima battery , both based in Bessemer , AL , were recently disbanded . Concurrent with this was the formation of the 4th Anti - Terrorism Battalion , an infantry unit , headquartered in Bessemer . Kilo Battery was reassigned as a Himaars Battery and reassigned to 2nd Battalion 14th Marines . Mike Battery was reassigned to 3rd Battalion 14th Marines , and has since transitioned to the M - 198 ' s replacement , the M - 777 lightweight 155mm howitzer . Mike Battery was activated again in 2007 for a 2008 deployment to Iraq .
Rudolf Flinzer Dr . - Ing . Rudolf Flinzer ( 9 November 1889 – 17 June 1976 ) was a highly decorated Oberst der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Type 16 frigate The Type 16 frigates were a class of British anti - submarine frigate s of the Royal Navy . They were based on the hulls of World War II - era destroyer s that had been rendered obsolete by rapid advances in technology . They were similar in concept to the Type 15 frigate , but were a far more limited design rendered necessary by budget constraints . History . At the start of the cold war , the British Royal Navy was in urgent need of fast escort ships to counter the large number of Whiskey class submarine s being built by the Soviet Union which were faster than the Royal Navy ' s existing Sloops and Frigates . Britain had large numbers of War Emergency Programme destroyers , which while relatively new , were poorly equipped for modern fleet purposes , with poor anti - aircraft armament and fire control . It was therefore decided to convert the Emergency Programme destroyers to interim escorts to meet the Royal Navy ' s requirements until new - build ships ( which eventually became the Type 12 and Type 14 frigates ) could be designed and built . The initial design was the Type 15 frigate or " Rapid " class , which was a major rebuild of the ships , with an extended forecastle and new superstructure giving improved accommodation and complete replacement of the ships ' armament and sensors . At one time , it was planned to convert 57 destroyers to the Type 15 standard , but the cost of such a large programme proved prohibitive , with only 23 ships becoming Type 15 frigates . Instead , a simpler and cheaper conversion , the Type 16 was ordered . The Type 16 conversion removed the existing gun armament , substituting a twin 4 inch gun forward with a close in anti - aircraft armament of seven Bofors 40 mm guns , with simpler fire control than used in the Type 15 . Anti - submarine armament consisted of two Squid anti - submarine mortars , while a quadruple set of 21 inch ( 533 mm ) torpedo tubes provided a limited anti - surface ship armament . Ships . Ex - O class destroyers of the Pakistan Navy " Onslow " / " Tippu Sultan " and " Onslaught " / " Tughril " were returned to the UK between 1957 and 1959 to be converted along the lines of the Type 16 frigate .
William Loring ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir William Loring , KCB ( 31 October 1811 – 4 January 1895 ) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy . He was the first Commander - in - Chief of the Australia Station from 26 March 1859 until 10 March 1860 . He was also the Rear - Admiral Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard between 1870 and 1871 . Naval career . Born on 31 October 1811 , the son of Admiral Sir John Wentworth Loring . He attended school at Twyford School , Hampshire before joining the Royal Navy in July 1826 . He was promoted to Lieutenant on 26 February 1836 , and Commander on 27 August 1841 . He served as Commander on HMS " Scout " on the East Indies Station in 1846 . Promoted to Captain on 31 January 1848 , he later received command of HMS " Furious " in 1852 on the Mediterranean Station and in 1854 participated in the Black Sea during the Crimean War . Later serving aboard HMS " Iris " on the East Indies Station from 24 December 1856 , he was later appointed the first Commander - in - Chief of the Australia Station from 26 March 1859 until 10 March 1860 , as a Commodore second class , with his pennant aboard " Iris " . He participated in the attack on Puketakauere pā during the First Taranaki War in New Zealand . Between 1862 and 1866 he commanded HMS " Saturn " , before being appointed Rear Admiral on 7 March 1866 . He was the Rear - Admiral Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard between 1870 and 1871 . He was later appointed Vice Admiral on 2 November 1871 and then Amiral on 1 August 1877 . He retired on 23 November 1881 . He died on 4 January 1895 at Ryde on the Isle of Wight .
Type 071 amphibious transport dock The Type 071 ( " Yuzhao " - class ) are amphibious warfare ship s of the People ' s Republic of China ' s People ' s Liberation Army Navy . They are built by the Shanghai - based Hudong - Zhonghua Shipyard , and the first entered service in late - 2007 . Design . The Type 071 has a capacity of one marine battalion , including 500 - 800 troops , and 15 - 20 amphibious armoured vehicles . Troops and equipment may be deployed to over longer distances and to more difficult terrain by hovercraft and helicopters . The well deck may hold four Type 726 " Yuyi " class LCAC . The ship is armed with one 76 mm gun and four 30 mm close - in weapon system s . The Type 071 may operate as the flagship of a task force . As with similar ships , it may also conduct humanitarian and civilian evacuation missions in addition to amphibious landings . Export . The China State Shipbuilding and Trading Corp . consortium offered to build a modified Type 071 for the Royal Malaysian Navy . The Malaysians had a requirement for a 13 , 000 ton LPD ; the Type 071 would cost a third of the similar US - built " San Antonio " - class LPD .
Edward Farrell ( Medal of Honor ) Edward Farrell ( born 1833 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Forts Jackson and St . Philip . Born in 1833 in Saratoga , New York , Farrell was still living in that state when he joined the Navy . He served during the Civil War as a quartermaster on the . At the Battle of Forts Jackson and St . Philip near New Orleans on April 24 , 1862 , he stood atop the mast and showed " intelligence , coolness and capacity " while acting as an artillery observer for " Owasco ' s " guns . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor a year later , on April 3 , 1863 . Farrell ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Served on board the U . S . S . " Owasco " during the attack upon Forts Jackson and St . Philip , 24 April 1862 . Stationed at the masthead during these operations , Farrell observed and reported the effect of the fire of our guns in such a manner as to make his intelligence , coolness and capacity conspicuous .
Alberto d ' Este , Marquis of Ferrara Alberto ( V ) d ' Este ( 27 February 1347 – 30 July 1393 ) was lord of Ferrara and Modena from 1388 until his death . He was associated in the lordship of the House of Este by his brother Niccolò in 1361 , becoming the sole ruler of Ferrara and Modena after the latter ' s death in 1388 . He was the son of Obizzo III d ' Este , Marquis of Ferrara , who had ruled in Ferrara from 1317 to 1352 . Alberto founded the University of Ferrara in 1391 . In the same year he married Giovanna de ' Roberti ( d . 1393 ) . After her death , he married his mistress Isotta Albaresani . He was succeeded by his legitimated son Niccolò ( III ) .
John W . Reeves , Jr . John W . Reeves , Jr . ( April 25 , 1888 – July 16 , 1967 ) was an admiral of the United States Navy who served as the Commander of the Alaskan Sector , Northwest Sea Frontier , during World War II . As such , he led the effort to dislodge Imperial Japan forces from the Aleutian Islands . A native of Haddonfield , New Jersey , Reeves died at Pensacola , Florida . Prior to flag rank , Admiral Reeves was the commanding officer of the USS Wasp ( CV - 7 ) .
French ship Héros ( 1813 ) The Héros was a first - rate 118 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , of the " Océan " type , designed by Jacques - Noël Sané . Ordered in 1812 , she was disarmed in 1816 in an unfinished state . She was eventually broken up in 1828 without having ever been commissioned .
Russell J . Anarde Russell John Anarde ( born 1950 ) is a retired Brigadier General in the United States Air Force . Career . Anarde joined the Air Force in 1973 . He would soon undertake LGM - 25C Titan II training at Sheppard Air Force Base and Vandenberg Air Force Base . His first assignment following training was with the 308th Strategic Missile Wing . While there , he served as a deputy missile combat commander , missile combat crew commander , and instructor and evaluator . From there , he served in various roles with the 341st Strategic Missile Wing before being assigned to Headquarters Strategic Air Command in 1984 . In 1986 , Anarde was given command of the 741st Strategic Missile Squadron . Three years later , he was assigned to Headquarters United States European Command , where he would serve as Deputy Chief , Arms Control Division and Chief , Nuclear and Missile Division , Directorate of Plans and Policy . After returning to the United States , he was given command of the 351st Operations Group . In 1993 , Anarde transferred to Headquarters Air Force Space Command . There he served as the head of the space and missile transition team before becoming Chief , Missile Systems Requirements Division , Directorate of Requirements . After serving as Commander of the 21st Operations Group from 1994 to 1995 , Anarde was assigned to The Pentagon . While there , he served as Deputy Director of Operational Requirements and Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations . He was then given command of the 91st Space Wing before returning to The Pentagon as Deputy Director for Operations of the National Military Command Center . In 1999 , he returned to Headquarters Air Force Space Command to serve as Director of Plans and Programs . After his retirement in 2002 , Anarde became an executive with Northrop Grumman . Awards he received include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal , the Defense Superior Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Legion of Merit , the Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters , and the Air Force Commendation Medal .