naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Abraham ( 1858 ) USS " Abraham " ( 1858 ) — formerly CSS " Victoria " — was a side - wheel steamer captured by the Union Navy from the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . " Abraham " — a capacious ship of — served primarily as a storeship , conveying supplies to Union vessels in the battle area and at times , during such missions , getting struck by enemy shell . Service with the Confederacy . Early in the Civil War , " Victoria " — built at Elizabeth , Pennsylvania in 1858 and based at St . Louis — was acquired by the Confederate Government for service as a troop transport on the waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries . Capture by Union Navy forces . In the spring of 1862 , Union warships of the Western Flotilla , commanded at first by Flag Officer Andrew Foote and then by Flag Officer Charles Davis , relentlessly fought their way downstream from Cairo , Illinois . On 6 June , they met Southern river forces in the Battle of Memphis and won a decisive victory which gave the North control of the Mississippi River above Vicksburg , Mississippi . Later that day , the Union gunboat s found and took possession of several Confederate vessels moored at the wharf at Memphis . " Victoria " was one of these prizes . Service in the Union Navy . Davis used the riverboat as a storeship and an inspection vessel for his flotilla until that organization , an Army outfit commanded by naval officers , was transferred to the Navy on 1 October and renamed the Mississippi Squadron . Two weeks later , on the 15th , " Victoria " was renamed " Abraham " and , under the command of Acting Ensign William Wagner , continued to serve the Union cause in the same capacity . While not exposed to the hazards of combat , the ship constantly suffered the perils of life on the upper Mississippi River and , on several occasions , was threatened by fires on nearby vessels . For example , on the night of 7 February 1863 , she moored astern of the gunboat when she caught fire ; and " Abraham " only escaped when " Glide " was cut adrift , pushed out into the current by the tug , and allowed to drift downstream . On 9 May 1864 , " Abraham " moved from Cairo to Mound City , Illinois , where she served through the end of the Civil War . Post - war decommissioning and subsequent career . After the collapse of the Confederacy , " Abraham " was taken out of service and laid up at Mound City until sold there to L . C . and R . N Alexander on 30 September . Redocumented " Lexington " on 16 March 1866 , the side - wheeler served private interests on the Mississippi until she caught fire at Algiers , Louisiana on 3 February 1869 and burned until she was a total loss . As of 2004 , no other ships in the United States Navy have borne this name .
Drop zone A drop zone ( DZ ) is a place where parachutists or parachute d supplies land . It can be an area targeted for landing by paratrooper s , or a base from which recreational parachutists and skydivers take off in aircraft and land under parachute s . In the latter case , it is often beside a small airport , frequently sharing the facility with other general aviation . At recreational drop zones , an area is generally set side for parachute landings . Personnel at the site may include a drop zone operator or owner ( DZO ) , manifestors ( who maintain the flight manifest documents defining who flies and when ) , pilots , instructors or coaches , camera operators , parachute packers and riggers , and other general staff .
Marko Babić ( soldier ) Marko Babić ( 16 February 1965 – 5 July 2007 ) was a Croatian Army officer ( Colonel at time of death ) that served during the Croatian War of Independence . He is most notable for his contribution during the Battle of Vukovar , where he led the defence of Trpinjska Cesta . Babić was second in command in the 3rd Battalion of the 204th Vukovar Brigade , under Blago Zadro . This area was one of the most direct ways to attack Vukovar , and was targeted by Yugoslav People ' s Army ( JNA ) forces for a tank breakthrough into the town . Consequently , during the period of September 14 – 20 , 1991 , JNA launched some of the largest tank and infantry attacks at the city . One of them was started on September 18 from the north on Trpinjska cesta by the JNA ' s 51st Mechanized Brigade ' s one battalion of about 30 tanks and 30 APCs . These fell into an ambush , and were almost wiped out ; as a result , an area where the fighting occurred was nicknamed " tank graveyard " . Marko Babić himself is credited with destroying 14 tanks , more than anyone in the battle of Vukovar . The 2nd episode of the 2005 10 - part TV documentary " Heroes of Vukovar " is dedicated to Babić and his fighters . He died on 5 July 2007 at the age of 42 , as a result of having suffered a heart attack .
Modèle 1951 ( mine ) The Mle 1951 ( Model 1951 ) was a French bounding anti - personnel mine copied from German S - mine 44 after the end of the Second World War . A later variant was designated the Mle 1955 ( Model 1955 ) . Like the S - Mine when triggered the mine is launched by a small propelling charge , a trip wire is trailed behind the mine . When the tripwire pulls taught it triggers the mines main charge , scattering shrapnel to a maximum range of 50 yards .
Antonio de Leyva , Duke of Terranova Antonio de Leyva , Duke of Terranova , Prince of Ascoli ( 1480 – 1536 ) was a Spanish general during the Italian Wars . During the Italian War of 1521 , he commanded Pavia during the siege of the city by Francis I of France , and took part in the Battle of Pavia in 1525 . After the death of Fernando de Avalos , he held further commands in Italy during the War of the League of Cognac and afterwards , finally dying shortly after attempting an invasion of Provence . Belonging to a family from Navarre he made his military debut in the Alpujarras ( 1502 ) during the struggle against the revolting Mudéjar es from Granada and later served in Italy under the " Gran Capitán " ( 1503 – 1504 ) . He had a prominent part in the Italian Wars and was wounded at the battle of Ravenna ( 1512 ) . Later on , under the Marquis of Pescara , he fought near Milan and in the unlucky campaign of Provence in 1524 . After this failure he had the post of commander of the garrison of Pavia and here sustained the long siege from the French army led by King Francis I ( October 1524 – February 1525 ) which gave time to the Spanish and Imperial forces to reorganize and to win the famous battle of Pavia . In 1525 he succeeded to the Marquis of Pescara as commander - in - chief of the Imperial army in the Duchy of Milan and in 1535 , when the last Sforza Duke of Milan , Francesco II , died he was appointed by Emperor Charles V Governor of Milan . He died of gout during the campaign of Provence in 1536 but was buried in Milan in the now destroyed church of San Dionigi . His descendants lived in Milan where they became one of the most prominent families . One of his descendants was the infamous Nun of Monza .
Russian Shipyard Number 10 Russian Shipyard No . 10 — Shkval is located in Polyarny , Murmansk Oblast , Russia , on the outermost western side of the Murmansk Fjord . In the West , it is more often referred to by the name of the town than its official name . As the first nuclear - powered submarines were delivered to the Northern Fleet at the end of the 1950s , the yard was modified for docking and repair of these vessels . As Soviet Navy ( and now Russian Navy ) nuclear vessels are decommissioned , they are laid up at Polyarny awaiting defueling and disposal . Around 1970 , Shkval was reorganised and partially expanded in order to handle the larger nuclear submarines then coming into service . It now includes tenders , service ships , dry docks , and two covered floating docks , as well as a self - propelled barge with 150 - tonne payload , two onshore cranes with lifting capacity of 40 tonnes and 32 tonnes , and two floating cranes with lifting capacity of 30 tonnes and 25 tonnes . The yard employs about 3 , 000 workers , and covers 41 , 330 m² ( 446 , 000 square feet ) . Its docks total 550 meters in length .
Options for Change Options for Change was a restructuring of the British Armed Forces in 1990 , aimed at cutting defence spending following the end of the Cold War . Note . ( There was a previous Options for Change Exercise in the late 70 ' s when service personal if they had not reached a certain rank were made redundant ) UK military strategy had until this point been almost entirely focused on defending the UK against the Soviet military ; whether the Royal Marines in Scandinavia , the Royal Air Force in West Germany or over the North Sea , the Royal Navy in the Norwegian Sea and North Atlantic , or the British Army in Germany . With the collapse of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact these scenarios were no longer relevant . While criticised both before and after , it was an exercise mirrored by governments of almost every major western military power , the so - called " peace dividend " . Among the changes implemented was the cutting total manpower by approximately 18 % to around 255 , 000 ( 120 , 000 British Army ; 60 , 000 Royal Navy ; 75 , 000 Royal Air Force ) . Another major casualty of options for change was the UK ' s combined nuclear civil defence organisations comprising of the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation and its fieldforce the Royal Observer Corps ( a spare time volunteer branch of the RAF ) , both of which were wound down and disbanded between September 1991 and December 1995 . British Army . Infantry . In addition , the amalgamation of the Royal Scots and King ' s Own Scottish Borderers into the Royal Scots Borderers ( 1 battalion ) and the Cheshire Regiment and Staffordshire Regiment into the Cheshire and Staffordshire Regiment ( 1 battalion ) was announced , but suspended in 1994 . On television . A fictionalised portrayal of the effects of Options for Change on the ordinary men and women serving in the armed forces came in the ITV drama series " Soldier Soldier " . In this , the fictional infantry regiment portrayed in the series , the King ' s Fusiliers , was one of those selected for amalgamation . The series showed the whole process of negotiation regarding traditions , embellishments , etc . between the two regiments involved , and of the uncertainty that many of those serving felt for their jobs in the light of two separate battalions merging into one , with the resulting loss of manpower .
Egyptian Army ranks Egyptian Army ranks : History . The Egyptian army ranks were changed after the revolution of 1952 and the fall of the monarchy . In the year 1958 the crown was replaced by the Eagle of Saladin ( the new coat of arms ) and the Turco - Egyptian ranks were changed into Arabic ranks .
First Chief Master Sergeant The rank of First Chief Master Sergeant in the Armed Forces of the Philippines was passed in a bill filed by Senator Rodolfo Biazon back in July 2004 . It is expected that President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo will sign it very soon , enabling the rank to be created .
Ross Lindsey Iams Ross Lindsey Iams ( April 5 , 1879 – March 25 , 1952 ) was a United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for actions in Haiti on November 17 , 1915 . Iams served for over 30 years in the Marine Corps , reaching the rank of Major . Major Iams is buried in Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego , California . Medal of Honor citation . Ross Lindey Iams was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions while a Sergeant in the U . S . Marine Corps . His citation reads : In company with members of the Fifth , Thirteenth , Twenty - Third Companies and Marine and sailor detachment from the , Sergeant Iams participated in the attack on Fort Riviere , Haiti , November 17 , 1915 . Following a concentrated drive , several different detachments of Marines gradually closed in on the old French bastion fort in an effort to cut off all avenues of retreat for the Caco bandits . Approaching a breach in the wall which was the only entrance to the fort , Sergeant Iams unhesitatingly jumped through the breach despite constant fire from the Cacos and engaged the enemy in a desperate hand - to - hand combat until the bastion was captured and Caco resistance neutralized .
John E . Butts John Edward Butts was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for actions in the Normandy Campaign during World War II . Butts was one of five brothers to serve in the war and the only one to be killed in action . Butts joined the army from Buffalo , New York in October 1940 . He was killed on June 23 , 1944 and is buried in Saint Marys Cemetery , Medina , New York . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Second Lieutenant , U . S . Army , Co . E , 60th Infantry , 9th Infantry Division . Place and date : Normandy , France , 14 , 16 , and June 23 , 1944 . Entered service at : Buffalo , N . Y . Birth : Medina , N . Y . G . O . No . : 58 , July 19 , 1945 . Citation : Heroically led his platoon against the enemy in Normandy , France , on 14 , 16 , and 23 June 1944 . Although painfully wounded on the 14th near Orglandes and again on the 16th while spearheading an attack to establish a bridgehead across the Douve River , he refused medical aid and remained with his platoon . A week later , near Flottemanville Hague , he led an assault on a tactically important and stubbornly defended hill studded with tanks , antitank guns , pillboxes , and machinegun emplacements , and protected by concentrated artillery and mortar fire . As the attack was launched , 2LT Butts , at the head of his platoon , was critically wounded by German machinegun fire . Although weakened by his injuries , he rallied his men and directed 1 squad to make a flanking movement while he alone made a frontal assault to draw the hostile fire upon himself . Once more he was struck , but by grim determination and sheer courage continued to crawl ahead . When within 10 yards of his objective , he was killed by direct fire . By his superb courage , unflinching valor and inspiring actions , 2LT Butts enabled his platoon to take a formidable strong point and contributed greatly to the success of his battalion ' s mission . Legacy . After the war , Butts ' remains were brought back from Normandy to the United States in 1948 and interred at St . Mary ' s cemetery in Medina , New York . In 1957 the Army airfield at Fort Carson , Colorado was named the Butts Army Airfield .
70th ( Surrey ) Regiment of Foot The 70th ( Surrey ) Regiment of Foot was a regiment of the British Army formed in 1758 and united with the 31st ( Huntingdonshire ) Regiment of Foot in 1881 to form The East Surrey Regiment . History . The regiment was formed in 1758 from the 2nd Battalion , 31st Regiment of Foot as the 70th ( Glasgow Lowland ) Regiment of Foot . In 1825 it became the 70th ( The Surrey ) Regiment . The regiment was at Guadeloupe in 1810 , fought during the Maori War in New Zealand , amongst other things building a fort at Miranda , New Zealand , and served on the North West Frontier . Amalgamation . The 70th Foot was united in 1881 , during Childer ' s Reform s , with the 31st Regiment of Foot to become the 2nd Battalion of The East Surrey Regiment .
Naval Outlying Field Spencer Naval Outlying Field Spencer is a military airport located two miles ( 3 km ) northeast of Pace , Florida , in Santa Rosa County . It is owned by the United States Navy . NOLF Spencer is one mile north of U . S . Highway 90 , 3 . 5 miles west of the City of Milton , just over 6 miles east of the Escambia River and about 7 miles southwest of NAS Whiting Field . This airfield is situated on and has eight runways , all 1800 feet long by 200 feet wide . These runways are arranged to make two squares , one whose vertices approximately point North , South , East and West , and another which lies directly on top but is rotated 45° . Its mission is to support helicopter operations of the Naval Air Training Command and it remains under the control of Commander , Training Air Wing FIVE at nearby NAS Whiting Field . Although most U . S . airports use the same three - letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA , Naval Outlying Field Spencer is assigned NRQ by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA .
Defence Minister of Nigeria The Minister of Defence of Nigeria is a senior cabinet official in the Nigerian Federal Executive Council in charge of the Nigerian Ministry of Defence . The Defence Minister ' s main responsibility is to manage all branches of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria , to maintain a modern , competent , and professional military force for the protection of the national territory , maritime interests , airspace , and constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . Appointment . The Minister of Defence is first appointed by the President of Nigeria ; this appointment is then subject to ratification by both houses of the National Assembly of Nigeria . Ministers of Defence . 13set 13 - Mr Labaram Maku
Operation Prayer Book Prayer Book was a series of military plans operations in Panama drawn up beginning in April 1988 as relations between the United States and Panama deteriorated . The operation consisted of four separate operations : Klondike Key , Post Time , Blue Spoon , and Blind Logic . Originally , these operations were all parts of one operation named Elaborate Maze . " Prayer Book " also included Operation Elder Statesman , Operation Krystal Ball , and Operation Purple Storm . Blue Spoon . " See Operation Blue Spoon / Just Cause "
Clement Leslie Smith Brigadier General Clement Leslie Smith ( 17 January 1878 – 14 December 1927 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Smith was 25 years old , and a lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion , Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry , British Army , attached to the 5th Somaliland Light Infantry during the Fourth Somaliland Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 10 January 1904 at the commencement of the fight at Jidballi , British Somaliland , Lieutenant Smith and a medical officer tried to rescue a hospital assistant who was wounded . The rapidity of the enemy ' s fire , however , made this impossible and the hospital assistant was killed . Lieutenant Smith then did all that was possible to bring out the medical officer , helping him to mount a horse and , when this was shot , a mule . This animal also was shot and the medical officer was killed , but the lieutenant stayed with him to the end , trying to keep off the enemy with his revolver . During World War I he commanded the Imperial Camel Brigade based in Egypt . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry Museum in Bodmin , Cornwall , England .
Chariot manned torpedo Chariots were British " manned torpedoes " deployed in World War II on which two frogmen rode into action after launching from a submarine . They then attached an explosive charge beneath an enemy ship and returned to the submarine . Use in action . " The only completely successful British Chariot operation " occurred on 28 – 29 October 1944 . Two crews on Mk II Chariots , commanded by Lieutenant Tony Eldridge RNVR , were launched from the submarine HMS Trenchant and sank two ships in Japanese - occupied Phuket Harbour , Siam .
Shadow of Suribachi : Raising the Flags on Iwo Jima Shadow of Suribachi : Raising The Flags on Iwo Jima ( 1995 ) is a book by Parker Bishop Albee , Jr . and Keller Cushing Freeman which mainly examines the controversy over the identification of the Marine at the base of the flagpole in Joe Rosenthal ' s Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima photograph . Overview . Though they cover and debunk the various staging myths that have haunted the famous photograph , much of the book is devoted to the story of Sergeant Hank Hansen , a Marine who was photographed in the first flagraising , and who was initially identified by Rene Gagnon and John Bradley as participating in the replacement flagraising . Ira Hayes Questions Misidentification . Recounted is the story of how Ira Hayes knew that it was actually Corporal Harlon Block in the photograph , and tried to bring the misidentification to the attention of the Marine Corps , but was told that since both Hansen and Block were dead , he should let it go . Their story differs from that of most Hayes biographers as they transcribe a letter which Hayes wrote to Belle Block ( Harlon ' s mother ) on July 12 , 1946 , confirming it was Harlon in the photograph ( after she first wrote to him ) . They do not mention the " hitchhiking to Texas to tell them the truth " story . After Belle Block sent Hayes ' letter to her congressman , he called on the Marine Corps to investigate the matter . Hayes gave a sworn affidavit to Marine Corps investigators in December 1946 , stating on the record that it was actually Block in the photograph , not Hansen , and pointed out several significant uniform discrepancies between the figure in the famous photograph and that of Hansen in photographs taken earlier that day and in the " Gung Ho " photograph taken only moments after the second flagraising . Before seeing Hayes ' hand - written notes and identifications on the photographs , both Bradley and Gagnon sent notarized statements reaffirming their earlier identification of Hansen . After being shown Hayes ' material , Bradley wrote a letter to the investigators which he ended by saying , " . . . it could be Block . " Hayes ' material and Bradley ' s letter were then sent to Gagnon , who , according to this book , gave in and acquiesced in a letter , the first paragraph of which was copied word - for - word from Bradley ' s . Conclusion . On January 15 , 1947 , the investigating committee found that the figure at the base of the flagpole in the photograph had been " incorrectly identified since April 8 , 1945 , as being Sergeant Henry O . Hansen . " Furthermore , they stated that " to the best of the ability of the Board to determine at this time , the above - mentioned figure is that of Corporal Harlan [ sic ] H . Block . " Albee and Freeman conclude that it is ultimately impossible to tell , based only on the photographic evidence , who is at the base of the flagpole . References . Shadow of Suribachi : Raising The Flags on Iwo Jima . Parker Bishop Albee , Jr . and Keller Cushing Freeman . 1995 . Praeger Publishers . ISBN 0 - 275 - 95063 - 8 < br > Reviews Booklist , Library Journal , Choice
Dulag 183 Dulag 183 was the name of the German transit camp for POWs in World War II Serbia located in the town of Šabac . This camp was opened in September 1941 , and it closed in September 1944 . This camp was also used for partisan POWs , members of their families , and the extermination of Jews and Roma people . It was estimated that more than 5 , 000 persons were executed , not counting Jews and Roma people .
George Collingwood Lieutenant General Sir Richard George Collingwood KBE CB DSO ( 1903 – 1986 ) was a British Army General during the 1950s . Military career . Educated at West Downs School , Richard Collingwood was commissioned into the Cameronians in 1923 . He served during the Second World War , in the Middle East and Burma and was Commander of 23rd Infantry Brigade in Burma in 1945 . He went on to be General Officer Commanding 52nd ( Lowland ) Infantry Division and Lowland District between 1952 and 1955 . He then became Commander Singapore District from 1957 . In 1958 he became General Officer Commanding - in - Chief of Scottish Command and Governor of Edinburgh Castle ; he retired in 1961 . George Collingwood ' s papers have been archived at Lilburn Tower , his family home in Northumberland .
Jorge Toriello Garrido Jorge Toriello Garrido ( died 1998 ) was one of the three leaders of the first government that ruled Guatemala from 20 October 1944 to 15 March 1945 as part of the October Revolution . Toriello Garrido , a civilian , led the government along with Captain Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán and Major Francisco Javier Arana after overthrowing the military regime of Juan Federico Ponce Vaides , who had temporarily taken over from ousted dictator Jorge Ubico .