naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Şırnak The Battle of Şırnak was a major battle broke out in the city of Şırnak between Kurdish separatist rebels from the Kurdistan Workers ' Party ( PKK ) and Turkish security forces from August 18 to August 21 , 1992 , after a force of PKK fighters had tried to seize control of the town . During this battle over 20 , 000 of Şırnak ' s 25 , 000 inhabitants fled the town due to the violence . According to Turkish authorities , a total of 147 people were killed including 40 members of security forces , 85 rebels and 22 civilians . According to the Turkish government , the clashes started when a large force of PKK guerrillas attacked government buildings in Şırnak on the night of August 18 , and that security forces responded by bombing , heavy shelling and firing on rebel positions in local houses and shops . The PKK however denied they had launched the attacks that sparked the battle , which continued for over 48 hours . Following the battle a curfew was imposed in the town . Similar operations were later launched in the towns of Kulp in Diyarbakır Province on October 3 , 1992 , and Varto in Muş Province on September 17 , 1996 . Controversy . Amnesty International identified 15 of the civilians killed as Hezni Erkol , Güler Sökmen ( 13 ) , Zehra Koval , Veysi Sökmen ( 6 ) , Halime Kürtel , Sema Sökmen ( 9 ) , Süleyman Kürtel , Kumru Güngen , Abdulaziz Besin , Gülüm Güngen ( 6 ) , Haci Kiliç , Menive Güngen ( 14 ) , Yusuf Vatan , Ibrahim Artuç and Yusuf Yaman . They claimed that reporters " " were prevented from speaking to local political officials by the police , and there was no way to get an objective account of what had happened " " and that " " those who managed to approach reporters in secrecy could only say they were under fire for two days and claim that tanks and cannons were used to hit buildings occupied by civilians . " " They also claimed there were further attacks on civilians in villages surrounding Şırnak . On 26 August , Amnesty International sent requests to Turkish Prime Minister , Süleyman Demirel , Interior Minister Ismet Sezgi , Emergency Legislation Governor Ünal Erkan and Şırnak province governor Mustafa Mala , to immediately initiate an independent and impartial inquiry into the events , to ensure no - one was mistreated in police custody and to make their findings public . British journalist Christopher de Bellaigue , in his book claimed that " " when the dust settled , and guerilla numbers were revised steadily downwards and locals started to talk , it became clear that there had been no PKK force , not even a small one [ present in the town ] . The battle of Sirnak had not been a battle but a drawn out punitive spasm , a two - day spree by vandals wearing the colours of the Turkish state and trashing anything they saw " "
Edgar McCloughry Air Vice Marshal Edgar James Kingston McCloughry CB , CBE , DSO , DFC & Bar ( 10 September 1896 – 15 November 1972 ) was an Australian World War I fighter pilot and flying ace . He shot down 21 aircraft and military balloons during the war , making him the 6th highest - scoring Australian ace . He was also awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar as well as being Mentioned in Dispatches . He joined the AIF in 1914 , and served as a military engineer in Egypt and France before transferring to an RFC in December 1916 . He graduated from there in August 1917 and was posted to the 23rd Squadron of the RFC on the Western Front . He was seriously injured in a crash shortly thereafter , and , after recovering in hospital , was assigned as a flight instructor . He was reassigned again in the summer of 1918 to the AFC . He scored most of his victories there in the last few months of the war . He left the AFC in August 1919 and pursued a career as an engineer in the UK before joining the RAF in 1922 . He served there in a strategy - planning capacity through World War II . In 1940 , under the influence of Lord Beaverbrook , he circulated an series of anonymous memos which was highly critical of senior RAF figures ; in response , he was posted to South Africa , but the fallout continued and by the end of the year the Chief of the Air Staff and several other commanders had been replaced . He retired from the RAF in 1953 as an Air Vice Marshal , and died in 1972 in Edinburgh .
Triple Alliance ( 1668 ) The Triple Alliance ( 1668 ) of England , Sweden , and the United Provinces was formed to halt the expansion of Louis XIV ' s France in the War of Devolution . The alliance never engaged in combat against France , but it was enough of a threat to force Louis to halt his offensive and sign the Treaty of Aix - la - Chapelle with Spain .
Soldier ' s Monument ( Byron , Illinois ) The Soldier ' s Monument in Byron , Illinois , is a listing on the National Register of Historic Places . Located in Ogle County , Illinois , the monument is the city of Byron ' s only National Register listing . Monument . The Soldier ' s Monument in Byron , Illinois is a marble spire located in the intersection of two streets . The monument was erected in 1866 and constructed by builders Heard and Lindsley . In 1877 the original spire was increased from 12 feet in height to 19 feet in height . Other alterations have taken place on the Soldier ' s Monument throughout the years . In 1897 the two cannons were added as was a cement base , two years later a lightning strike caused damage that had to be repaired . In 1918 the eagle atop the original spire was broken off in a tornado and in 1965 a new cement base was added . The original spire featured an eagle atop the point . After damage to the original spire and the first replacement , the decision was made to exclude the eagle ( which significantly increased the cost of the spire ) in the most recent replacement made . Significance . The Soldier ' s Monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 7 , 1984 for its significant connection to social history .
Battle of Tillieangus The Battle of Tillieangus was fought on 10 October 1571 between the Clan Gordon and the Clan Forbes near White Hill of Tillyangus , Aberdeenshire , Scotland . It was part of the Marian civil war in which the Gordons supported Mary , Queen of Scots and the Forbeses supported her son , James VI of Scotland . Battle . On 10 October 1571 , a force of catholic Gordons , under the command of Sir Adam Gordon , was on its way to gain the Suie Road to Edinburgh , to join George Gordon , the Earl of Huntly . They were opposed by a force of protestant Forbes under the command of " Black Arthur " Forbes , the 6th Lord Forbes ' s youngest son . The forces met near the White Hill of Tillyangus , where the Gordons were victorious . Black Arthur Forbes was killed . Legend has it that " " he stooped down to quench his thirst and one of the Gordons gave him his death blow through an open joint in his armour " " . Archaeology . In about 1800 a large quantity of human bones were found at the site of what are traditionally the burial cairn s of the Battle of Tillieangus .
General - purpose machine gun A general - purpose machine gun ( GPMG ) is a belt - fed weapon used in a variety of roles , from bipod - or tripod - mounted infantry support to deployment as a helicopter door gun or a vehicle - mounted support weapon . It can provide fire support for vehicles or infantry from a variety of mounts . In modern practice , it is an air - cooled medium machine gun , firing rifle cartridges such as the 7 . 62×51mm NATO , 7 . 62×54mmR , or 7 . 92x57mm Mauser . It is generally operated from a stationary position from either a bipod or tripod , or otherwise mounted on a vehicle , as it is usually too powerful and heavy to be fired effectively on foot from an unsupported standing position or on the move . The GPMG barrel can be removed and replaced within seconds - in use , the barrel quickly heats up , necessitating its replacement after 200 - 400 rounds of continuous fire ; once cooled down , the barrel can be reused . History . The first general purpose machine gun was proposed by Vladimir Fyodorov in the early 1920 . Ten years later the idea resurfaced in Denmark and Czechoslovakia , some time later - in Germany . " In 1934 the Germans adopted the MG 34 . The MG 42 , that succeeded it at the end of 1942 , had better - functioning automatics and was cheaper to manufacture , but neither did the MG - 42 meet the requirements of the army , which is evident from the continuous work on its improvement . The rapid attempt to modernize the system in 1945 had no practical significance whatsoever due to the end of WW2 . " The concept was successful enough to be adopted in many post - WWII armies . Ironically , the Soviet Union was among the last to unify its light and heavy 7 . 62 mm machine guns . This only happened in the early 1960s , with the introduction of the PK machine gun , which replaced both the RP - 46 ( light / company machine gun ) and the SGM ( heavy / battalion machine gun ) .
Adolf Abel Adolf Wilhelm Abel ( 18 October 1914 – 26 August 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Adolf Abel was killed in action in the morning hours on 26 August 1944 roughly west of Gura Galbenei , Moldova . He himself had attached a concentrated charge on a Russian vehicle and was killed by its explosion .
Henry Rowen Henry S . Rowen ( born October 11 , 1925 ) is an American politician , economist , and academician . Early years . Rowen was born in Boston in 1925 . He attended M . I . T . and graduated with a bachelor ' s in industrial management in 1949 . He went on to Oxford University and earned his Master ' s Degree in economics in 1955 . Career . Rowen started his career as an economist for the RAND Corporation , a Santa Monica , California think - tank , where he worked between 1950 - 1953 , and again between 1955 - 1960 . Between 1965 - 1966 , Rowen was the Assistant Director of the U . S . Bureau of the Budget . From 1967 - 1972 , he was the president of RAND Corporation . From 1981 - 1983 , he was the chairman of the National Intelligence Council . Between 1989 - 1991 , Rowen served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs at the U . S . Department of Defense , under Dick Cheney . From 2001 – 2004 he served on the Secretary of Defense Policy Advisory Board . Between 2002 - 2003 , Rowen chaired the United States Department of Energy ' s Task Force on the Future of Science Programs . On February 12 , 2004 , President Bush named Rowen as a member of the Commission on Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction ( the " WMD Commission " ) , a position that he held until 2005 . Since 1983 , Rowen has been a senior fellow at Stanford University ' s Hoover Institution . Rowen ' s research is currently focused on Asia ' s rise in the technology sector . Henry Rowen is married to Beverly Griffiths . They have three daughters , three sons , and nine grandchildren . Writing . Rowen writes frequently for foreign policy publications : He has also co - edited a number of books :
SS Montfort Stokes SS " Montfort Stokes " ( MC contract 2000 ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Montfort Stokes , an American politician who served as both North Carolina ' s Governor and Senator . The ship was laid down on 16 July 1943 by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company of Wilmington , North Carolina , then launched on 14 August 1943 . The ship survived the war and was sold into private ownership in 1947 . She was scrapped in 1962 .
96th Air Refueling Squadron The 96th Air Refueling Squadron ( 96 ARS ) is an associate unit of the 15th Wing at Joint Base Pearl Harbor - Hickam , Hawaii in partnership with the 203rd Air Refueling Squadron and 154th Maintenance Group of the Hawaii Air National Guard . Mission . The 96 ARS operates the KC - 135 Stratotanker aircraft conducting aerial refueling missions . History . The 96th Air Refueling Squadron was constituted as the 6th Reconnaissance Squadron ( Medium ) on 20 November 1940 and activated on 15 January 1941 at March Field , California . Originally attached to the 41st Bombardment Group , it became assigned to it on 25 February 1942 . The squadron was tasked with conducting antisubmarine patrols , from December 1941 – August 1942 and from December 1942 – February 1943 . It was redesignated as the 396th Bombardment Squadron ( Medium ) on 22 April 1942 and as the 396th Bombardment Squadron , Medium , c . 9 May 1943 . Trained with B - 25 Mitchell medium bombers , being assigned to Seventh Air Force . Deployed to the Central Pacific Area , from 19 January – 23 September 1944 , engaging in combat operations in the Gilbert Islands , then returning to Hawaii in October 1944 . Deployed to Okinawa in June 1945 , flying combat bombardment missions over eastern China and Formosa . Prepared for combat action as part of Operation Downfall , the planned invasion of the Japanese Home Islands however the Japanese Capitulation in August cancelled those plans . Squadron demobilized on Okinawa during the fall of 1945 , aircraft being sent to reclamation in the Philippines . Personnel returned to the United States and squadron inactivated on 27 January 1946 . Reactivated as 96th Air Refueling Squadron , Medium in 1953 . Based at Altus AFB , Oklahoma ; supported refueling operations primarily in Northeast Air Command and Alaskan Air Command areas . Also deployed to Guam in 1956 flying KC - 97F and G aircraft . The squadron was reassigned to the 11th Bombardment Wing , on 3 December 1957 . Redesignated as the 96th Air Refueling Squadron , Heavy , on 8 March 1958 , the squadron converted that same year to the KC - 135A . The 96th ARS was discontinued on 1 October 1960 . Organized on 15 December 1960 , and assigned to 11th Bombardment ( later , 11th Strategic Aerospace ) Wing , at Altus AFB , OK , with the KC - 135A as its aircraft , it was discontinued , and inactivated , on 25 June 1965 . Redesignated as the 96th Air Refueling Squadron , reactivated , on 1 April 1994 with KC - 135Rs .
73rd Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 73rd Infantry Division was a German military unit which served during World War II . The division consisted of more than 10 , 000 soldiers , primarily of the infantry branch , with supporting artillery . The division was not motorized , but instead relied on marching for the infantry units and horse - drawn transport for the support equipment . The division was designated 73 . Infanterie - Division in Germany . The 73rd Infantry participated in the Invasion of Poland of 1939 as a reserve division of Army Group North . In 1941 , it fought briefly in the Greek Campaign . It was on the Eastern Front , in southern areas , from July 1941 through May 1944 . As part of the 11th Army , it participated in the Crimean campaign in late 1941 , including the initial assaults near Perekop and the " Tartar Ditch " as well as Sevastopol . In the spring of 1944 it was cut - off by the Soviet forces in the Crimea and destroyed in Sevastopol in May 1944 . Reformed soon after in Hungary , it participated in battles around Warsaw in the summer , at the end of July was routed by the Red Army ' s 2nd Guards Tank Army commanded by Alexei Radzievsky , and in September 1944 was destroyed by Soviet forces during their assault on the Praga suburb of Warsaw . The Army Group Center requested that the division be dissolved permanently as punishment for bad battlefield performance , but the request was rejected . Reformed again , the division was completely destroyed for the final time in the fighting around Danzig in 1945 . The surviving divisional staff officers went down with the liner " Goya " on 17 April 1945 .
William M . Carr William M . Carr ( November 25 , 1829 – May 2 , 1884 ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born on November 25 , 1829 , in Baltimore , Maryland , Carr was still living in that city when he joined the Navy . He served during the Civil War as a master - at - arms on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he " performed his duties with skill and courage " despite heavy fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Carr ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Richmond " during action against rebel forts and gunboats and with the ram " Tennessee " in Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Despite damage to his ship and the loss of several men on board as enemy fire raked her decks , Carr performed his duties with skill and courage throughout the prolonged battle which resulted in the surrender of the rebel ram " Tennessee " and in the successful attacks carried out on Fort Morgan . Carr died on May 2 , 1884 , at age 54 and was buried in Norfolk , Virginia . His Medal of Honor is held by the American Numismatic Society .
RAF East Fortune Royal Air Force Station East Fortune or more simply RAF East Fortune is a former Royal Air Force station , just south of the village of East Fortune in East Lothian , Scotland . The motto of the station was " Fortune Favours the Bold " . History . The foundation of East Fortune as an flying station pre - dates the creation of the RAF ; East Fortune was established as a fighter and airship airfield in 1915 . In 1919 the British airship R34 made the first the first ever return flight across the Atlantic and the first east - west crossing by air , flying from East Fortune to Mineola , New York . The flight took 108 hours and 12 minutes . During World War II , RAF East Fortune was a flying training establishment , initially for night - fighter operations , changing to training for daylight operations from 1942 , and eventually becoming a station for a group of de Havilland Mosquito aircraft . It was also made available as an emergency landing option for bomber aircraft . Current use . After the war the site ceased to be used by the RAF . During the summer of 1961 Turnhouse Airport was closed for construction work and all civil and air force traffic was diverted through East Fortune . To accommodate this traffic the main runway at East Fortune was extended across the B1347 road and this concrete extension of the East Fortune runway is now used as a runway for microlight aircraft . In 1976 the Scottish Museum of Flight was opened on the site of the former RAF station . The museum is now called the National Museum of Flight . It occupies the southern part of the old airfield . The northern side is given over to a car - boot sale each Sunday . The western side , across the B1347 is the microlight airfield . This is the only part of the East Fortune airfield that can now handle aircraft , and they can be no larger than a microlight . The east side of the old airfield is now used as a motorcycle racing circuit , and is home to the Melville Motor Club . Each summer the museum hosts an airshow . It is supposed to be the only airfield - based airshow in the UK where the aeroplanes can ' t land at the airfield .
Foster Cunliffe ( rugby union ) Foster Cunliffe ( 1854 – 1927 ) was a rugby union international forward who represented England in one match against Scotland on 23 February 1874 . Cunliffe was born on 20 April 1854 and educated at Rugby School . He was gazetted into the Royal Artillery in 1873 and served in the Second Anglo - Afghan War . He was promoted to Captain in 1883 , Major in 1890 and Lieutenant colonel in 1899 . He died on 18 April 1927 .
HMS Hecla ( A133 ) HMS " Hecla " was the lead ship of the " Hecla " class , an oceangoing survey ship type in the Royal Navy . She was ordered in the mid - 1960s , along with her sisters ships and . A fourth ship , , was completed in the early 1970s . The ship served for thirty years in this role , and various others , before finally being replaced by in 1997 . " Hecla " was sold to private interests , being renamed " " Bligh " " after Vice - Admiral William Bligh . After this , the vessel was used in a hydrographic survey of Irish waters , and was based in Waterford , Ireland . In 1982 , " Hecla " was used as an ambulance ship for the duration of the Falklands War . In this role , she ferried wounded from both sides to the main hospital ship , SS Uganda .
Solomon Huwala Dumeni Solomon Huwala ( also spelled Hawala ) is a former Namibian lieutenant general . Huwala was a commander with the People ' s Liberation Army of Namibia and earned the nickname " Butcher of Lubango " for allegedly running detainee camps of SWAPO opponents in the southern Angolan city of Lubango during the Namibian War of Independence . Upon independence in 1990 , Huwala was appointed to a key position in the Namibia Defence Force . He replaced Dimo Hamaambo as head of the NDF . He retired in October 2006 and was replaced by Martin Shalli .
49th Field Artillery Regiment ( United States ) The 49th Field Artillery Battalion was a field artillery battalion of the U . S . Army . Lineage . Constituted 1 October 1933 in the Regular Army as the 49th Field Artillery . Inactivated 20 July 1947 at Seoul , Korea . Relieved from the 7th Infantry Division and inactivated in Korea 1 July 1957 Current units . Consolidated with 44th artillery Per Chevron enhanced gules and argent , on the last a bear ' s head erased and incensed proper . None The scarlet is the Field Artillery , The silver of the shield in conjunction with the scarlet is indicative of the preparedness of the battalion night and day . The firing functions are allegorically illustrated by the incensed bear ' s head , being representative of the state of activation , California , taken from the crest of that state . Campaign streamers . World War I World War II Korean War
Charles Henry Morgan Charles Henry Morgan ( July 5 , 1842 – January 4 , 1912 ) was a United States Representative for Missouri from March 4 , 1875 - March 3 , 1879 , March 4 , 1883 - March 3 , 1885 , March 4 , 1893 - March 3 , 1895 , and March 4 , 1909 - March 3 , 1911 . Biography . Morgan was born in Cuba , New York . His family moved to Pewaukee , Wisconsin in 1845 . He attended school in Fond du Lac , Wisconsin . During the American Civil War he enlisted in the Union Army and rose from Private ( rank ) to captain in the First Regiment and Twenty - first Regiment , Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry . He studied law at Albany , New York and began practicing law in Lamar , Missouri . In 1868 he was prosecuting attorney of Barton County , Missouri ; member of the Missouri House of Representatives in 1872 - 1874 . During the Spanish – American War he was a lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Missouri Volunteer Infantry . In 1907 he moved to Joplin , Missouri . He served as a Democratic congressman in 1875 - 79 , 1883 – 85 ( during which he was chairman , Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department ) and 1893 - 95 . He was elected as a Republican in 1908 and served 1909 - 1911 . He died in Joplin , Missouri and is interred in Mount Hope Cemetery . References . Retrieved on 2008 - 02 - 09
Cacamatzin ( tlacochcalcatl ) Cacamatzin was a 15th - century Aztec noble — the eldest son of the " cihuacoatl " , Tlacaelel — and warrior who held the title of " Tlacochcalcatl " . His mother was princess Maquiztzin . He had twelve children , only three of whom are known : Cacamatzin was killed by the Tarascans after being captured in battle .