naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Crémaillère A Crémaillère is a French , mechanical term for the rack , or a straight bar with teeth on one edge designed to work into the teeth of a wheel or a pinion ( French pignon ) that predates the Renaissance . The term was generally applied in English to engineering applications which had notched , toothed or drilled surface , even when only visually so , such as the edge of the staircase . The term is also applied to the rack railway . During the 17th to 19th centuries the term was widely applied to lines of entrenchment that are usually formed in a saw - tooth pattern , known as indented lines , particularly during siege s . These lines are usually employed on banks of rivers , or on ground which is more elevated than , or which commands , that of the enemy . The defence of these lines is sometimes strengthened by double redan s , and flat bastion s constructed at intervals , along their front . Just such a constructed defence was used at Centreville in 1862 during the American Civil War . The term is also applied in Artillery to refer to an indented battery , or à Crémaillère constructed with salient and re - entering angles for obtaining an oblique , as well as a direct fire , and to afford shelter form an enfilade fire of the enemy .
USS Goldsborough ( TB - 20 ) The first USS " Goldsborough " ( Torpedo Boat No . 20 / TB - 20 / Coast Torpedo Boat No . 7 ) was a torpedo boat in the United States Navy during World War I . She was named for Louis M . Goldsborough . " Goldsborough " was launched 29 July 1899 by the Wolff & Zwicker Iron Works , Portland , Oregon ; sponsored by Miss Gertrude Ballin ; commissioned in the Puget Sound Navy Yard 9 April 1908 , Lieutenant Daniel T . Ghent in command . " Goldsborough " based at San Diego , California , as a unit of the Pacific Torpedo Fleet , cruising for 6 years along the coast of California and the Pacific Coast of Mexico in a schedule of torpedo practice , and joint fleet exercises and maneuvers . She was placed in ordinary at the Mare Island Navy Yard 26 March 1914 ; served the Oregon State Naval Militia at Portland ( December 1914 - April 1917 ) ; and again fully commissioned 7 April 1917 for Pacific coast patrol throughout World War I . She was designated Coast Torpedo Boat No . 7 on 1 August 1918 , her name being assigned to a new destroyer under construction . The torpedo boat decommissioned in the Puget Sound Navy Yard , Bremerton , Washington , 12 March 1919 and sold for scrapping on 8 September 1919 .
Shahid Basir Shahid Basir is an Iranian aviation manufacturing company . Shahid Basir Industry was established in 1987 . Presently , this organization is main center for production of over 5000 military and non military parts and accessories . They are exchanging information with universities , research centers , and private companies around the country , in order to produce more and better parts . Accomplishments :
James Collingwood Tinling James Collingwood Burdett Tinling ( 24 March 1900 – 1983 ) was an ex - RAF officer who joined with Rolf Dudley - Williams and Frank Whittle in 1936 to set up Power Jets Ltd , which manufactured the world ' s first working jet engine . Tinling was born in Eastbourne , the son of James Alexander Tinling , a chartered accountant . He was educated at St Cyprian ' s School and Radley College . Tinling joined the Royal Air Force , but was invalided out following a flying accident in the early 1930s . He joined Dudley - Williams and Whittle in 1936 to develop Whittle ' s expired patent for a jet engine . Tinling , Whittle and Dudley - Williams shared 49 % of the new company , with 51 % held by the investment bankers OT Falk and Partners , which also provided loan finance . The company , Power Jets , was based at a factory in Rugby , Warwickshire belonging to British Thomson - Houston , a steam turbine company . The prototype jet engine was first run on 12 April 1937 . Tinling married Eileen Nancy Edols on 22 December 1939 , at St George ' s , Hanover Square . He became chairman of Power Jets in 1941 , replacing Lance Whyte , and its prototype Gloster E28 / 39 first flew on 15 May 1941 . Power Jets Ltd . was later bought by the British government , and Tinling remained on the board . Tinling died in late 1983 in Kent , survived by his wife . They are both buried in Benenden . He was the brother of Ted Tinling the sports fashion designer .
Charles Vincent Fox Charles Vincent Fox DSO ( born 1877 ) was a British army officer and rower who won the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley Royal Regatta in 1900 and the Wingfield Sculls in 1901 . Fox was born in Dublin in 1877 , the son of Henry and Mary Fox . His father was an agent for Dundalls Whisky and by 1881 had moved to Swanscombe , Kent . Fox joined the Scots Guards and rowed for the Guards Brigade Rowing Club . In 1899 he entered the Wingfield Sculls but lost to B H Howell . He won the event in 1900 . In 1901 he won the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley , beating St G Ashe . Fox became a lieutenant in 1902 On the outbreak of World War I he was with the British Expeditionary Force and took part in the First Battle of Ypres . On 25 October he defended a breach in the line and captured five German officers and 200 men , and as a result was awarded the DSO . He was captured and made three escape attempts , on one occasion throwing himself from a train . He made his last successful escape attempt from Schwarmstedt Camp in June 1917 . In the course of his run to the border travelling with a Lieutenant Blank , he met up with Captain John Alan Lyde Caunter whose chronicle of his time in German camps and his escape described Fox ' s experiences in detail . Fox provided evidence of an atrocity at the Brandenburg Camp writing on 10 July 1917 that before he arrived at the camp , an Englishman had been burned alive because guards would not let prisoners out of a burning building .
Fort DeRussy ( Louisiana ) Fort DeRussy , located four miles ( 6 km ) north of Marksville , Louisiana , was a Confederate stronghold during the American Civil War defending the lower Red River Valley in Louisiana . The fort was named for Colonel Lewis G . DeRussy , the oldest West Point graduate to serve in the Confederate Army . DeRussy , a prominent engineer in civilian life , was the engineering officer in charge of the construction of the first fortifications at the fort . The remains of the Colonel were exhumed from an abandoned grave and reinterred on the grounds of the fort on September 26 , 1999 . Battles . A portion of Rear Admiral David D . Porter ' s Mississippi Squadron captured the fort on May 5 , 1863 and destroyed on May 9 , 1863 by the USS Benton . The fort yielded to the Union Army , led by General A . J . Smith , on March 14 , 1864 . Preservation . The property was donated to the City of Marksville in order to receive a $ 75 , 000 grant from the State of Louisiana to improve the site so that it could be accepted by the State Parks system , with Friends of Fort DeRussy in charge of spending the money for the city . A grant of $ 150 , 000 was received from the Red River Waterway Commission to purchase an additional , and 11 more acres were donated by the City of Marksville , at which time the state agreed to accept the donation of the fort and adjoining .
USS Meyer ( DD - 279 ) USS " Meyer " ( DD - 279 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for George von Lengerke Meyer . History . " Meyer " was laid down 6 February 1919 at the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Squantum , Massachusetts ; launched 18 July 1919 ; sponsored by Mrs . C . R . P . Rodgers , daughter of Mr . Meyer ; and commissioned 17 December 1919 , Commander W . E . Clarke in command . After an east coast shakedown , " Meyer " departed Boston , Massachusetts 9 February 1920 for the west coast . She arrived San Diego , California 1 April only to depart soon afterward for a cruise to San Francisco , California and various Alaskan ports . Returning to San Diego 18 August , she continued to operate along the west coast , ranging from Alaska to Panama , with occasional voyages to Hawaii , for the next 8 and a half years . During that time her assignments were varied and in August , 1927 , " Meyer " served as one of the ships used to assist pilots participating in the Dole Race from the mainland to Hawaii . Fate . Early in 1929 the destroyer began inactivation overhaul and on 15 May 1929 was decommissioned at San Diego . On 17 June she was towed to Mare Island for scrapping . Struck 25 November 1930 , her materials were sold 25 February 1932 . As of 2007 , no other ships have been named " Meyer " . DD279 can be briefly seen in the movie , " tin pan alley " , just after the two male leads enlist in the army to serve in WW1 . About 1hour 15 mins into the film .
German submarine U - 280 German submarine " U - 280 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 30 April 1942 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen - Vegesack , launched on 4 January 1943 , and commissioned on 13 February 1943 under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " Walter Hungershausen . Service history . " U - 280 " served with 8th U - boat Flotilla while training , and transferred to " 3rd U - boat Flotilla " on 1 August 1943 for front - line service . On 12 October 1943 " U - 280 " sailed from Kiel on her first and only war patrol . On 16 November she was attacked by a British Liberator aircraft of No . 86 Squadron RAF near Convoy HX - 265 , in position , south - west of Iceland . The first attack missed and the aircraft was hit by flak , knocking out one engine . However the bomber attacked again , sinking " U - 280 " with depth charge s . The Liberator safely returned to base on three engines . " U - 280 " operated with the following Wolfpack s during her career : < br > ' Körner ' ( 30 Oct 1943 - 2 Nov 1943 ) < br > ' Tirpitz 3 ' ( 2 Nov 1943 - 8 Nov 1943 ) < br > ' Eisenhart 3 ' ( 9 Nov 1943 - 15 Nov 1943 )
IPhrothiya yeSiliva iPhrothiya yeSiliva ( Silver Protea ) is a South African military decoration . It was instituted with effect from 27 April 2003 , and may be awarded to members of the South African National Defence Force ( or any other armed forces serving with the SANDF ) for outstanding leadership , or outstanding meritorious service and particular devotion to duty . A bar may be awarded to a recipient who earns the decoration again . A recipient is entitled to use the post - nominal letters PS . The PS forms part of a trio of military decorations for meritorious service , the others being iPhrothiya yeGolide ( Golden Protea ) and iPhrothiya yeBhronzi ( Bronze Protea ) . Language of origin : ISISWATI The decoration is a 6 - pointed silver star , displaying a stylised protea flower on a blue hexagon . The reverse depicts the South African coat of arms . The protea , which is South Africa ' s national flower , has been used on military merit awards since World War II . The ribbon is blue with a centre panel of white - black - gold - black - white stripes . Wear . The award of the decoration for service in active military operations shall be indicated by distinguishing insignia according to the Service in which the recipient was serving , i . e .
Arthur de Terrotte Nevill Air Vice - Marshal Sir Arthur de Terrotte Nevill KBE , CB ( 29 April 1899 – 14 March 1985 ) was a famous New Zealand military aviator and administrator . He attended the Royal Military College of Australia from 1916 until 1919 and was appointed a Lieutenant in the New Zealand Army in 1919 and held various staff and regimental appointments in New Zealand from 1921 until 1930 when he transferred to the New Zealand Permanent Air Force at its establishment on 1 April 1930 . During that time he had been appointed as New Zealand Liaison Officer to the Air Ministry and he continued there until 1935 . In 1937 he was appointed as Air Member for Supply to the Air Board of the newly organised Royal New Zealand Air Force ( RNZAF ) . As such he was responsible for all of the logistics activities of the RNZAF . As a result of this appointment he was then appointed in 1942 as Air Officer Commanding RNZAF Headquarters in London until 1943 . In 1944 he was returned to NZ and appointed Vice - Chief of Air Staff , and then in 1946 to Chief of Air Staff until January 1951 . During this period his administration coped with the RNZAF at its greatest establishment of manpower , that were being , or had been , employed in most war theatres from Europe to the western Pacific , and then through a period of demobilisation when airmen were employed on many " make work " tasks and flying was minimised to save money . During this period , too , there were so - called " strikes " when airmen and other servicemen and women throughout New Zealand used " refusing to cooperate with orders " tactics to get demobilised more quickly . Most of the aircraft employed by the air force were subject to Lend Lease rules and were required to be returned to US control , or destroyed . Most were destroyed , some later than the extent of his administration . He also had to endure the effect of a home government that decided to support Britain ( financially ) by ordering a small fleet of pre - wartime and wartime designed aircraft , for example 100 Mosquitos , for which no useful service was contemplated . Only twelve ever flew in New Zealand and they were soon mothballed . However he was also responsible for the initiation of a series of orders for aircraft such as the Vampire , Devon , Type 170 Freighter and Hastings C Mk3 that were to see service well into the 1960s , and some beyond that . In 1969 Sir Arthur was appointed an Honorary Doctor of the University of Waikato .
Shepherds ' Crusade ( 1251 ) The Shepherds ' Crusade of 1251 was a popular movement in northern France aimed at rescuing King Louis IX during the Seventh Crusade . Background . In 1249 , Saint Louis IX of France was away on crusade leaving his mother , Blanche of Castile , as regent during his absence . Louis was defeated and captured in Egypt . When news of this reached France the next year , both nobles and peasants were deeply distressed ; the king was well - loved and it was inconceivable to them that such a pious man could be defeated by " heathens " . Louis sent his brothers to France to get relief , where despite the efforts of Blanche of Castile , it was seen that neither the nobility nor the clergy were helping the king . Formation . One of the outpourings of support took the form of a peasant movement in northern France , led by a man known only as " the Master of Hungary . " He was apparently a very old Hungarian monk living in France . The Master claimed to have been visited by the Virgin Mary , who instructed him to lead the shepherd s of France to the Holy Land to rescue Louis . His followers , said to number 60 , 000 , were mostly young peasants , men , women , and children , from Brabant , Hainaut , Flanders , and Picardy . They followed him to Paris in May , where the Master met with Blanche of Castile . Matthew Paris thought he was an imposter , and that he was actually one of the leaders of the Children ' s Crusade from earlier in the century . Their movement in the city was restricted ; they were not allowed to cross to the Left Bank , where the University of Paris was located , as Blanche perhaps feared another disturbance related to the University of Paris strike of 1229 . Dispersal . In any case , the crowd of shepherds split up after leaving the city . Some of them went to Rouen , where they expelled the archbishop and threw some priests into the Seine river . In Tours they attacked monasteries . The others under the Master arrived in Orléans on June 11 . Here they were denounced by the bishop , whom they also attacked , along with other clerics , including Franciscans and Dominicans . They fought with the university students in the city as well , as Blanche might have feared would happen in Paris . Moving on to Amiens , and then Bourges , they also began to attack Jews . Blanche responded by ordering the crowds to be rounded up and excommunicated . This was done rather easily as they were simply wandering , directionless , around northern France , but the group led by the Master resisted outside Bourges , and the Master himself was killed in the ensuing skirmish . The crusade seems to have been more of a revolt against the French church and nobility , who were thought to have abandoned Louis ; the shepherds , of course , had no idea what happened to Louis , or the logistics involved in undertaking a crusade to rescue him . After being dispersed , some of the participants travelled to Aquitaine and England , where they were forbidden to preach . Others took a true crusade vow and may have actually gone on crusade .
French frigate Courbet ( F 712 ) The Courbet is a second - line multi - mission stealth frigate of the French " Marine Nationale " . She is the third French vessel named after the 19th century admiral Amédée Courbet . Notable missions . The " Courbet " took part in Opération Baliste . On 3 October 2006 , an Israeli fighter penetrated her defence perimeter without responding to radio calls , triggering a diplomatic incident . Israel apologised after official protests from the French government . Throughout September the ship was involved in anti - piracy operations off the coast of Somalia , helping to recapture a yacht taken by pirates on September 2 . In December 2009 the " Courbet " escorted the Marine nationale ship on her final voyage . This was last trip of the famous helicopter carrier that served as a floating embassy and symbol of the French navy for 46 years . The " Jeanne d ' Arc " s last voyage in company with the " Courbet " included visits to Africa , South America including Rio to Buenos Aires , the French Antilles , the United States of America including New York City , and Canada . The voyage was completed sometime in May 2010 .
Benten Daiba Benten Daiba was built by the Japanese architect Takeda Ayasaburō on the site formerly occupied by a shrine to Benten , the goddess of fortune . Much of the remnants of the famous Shinsengumi fought their last battle and surrendered there . Benten Daiba is located near Goryokaku , the famous fortress which was the site of the last battle of the Boshin War .
Battle of Tobruk ( 1911 ) Battle of Tobruk ( 1911 ) or Nadura Hill Battle was a small engagement in the Italo - Turkish War . It is famous due to the involvement and leadership of future Turkish president Mustafa Kemal . Background . Tobruk was a port with strategic importance . Georg August Schweinfurth declared in 1883 : " A nation that possesses Tobruk will dominate the eastern Mediterranean Sea . " The First Fleet of the Italian naval forces , commanded by vice - admiral Augusto Aubry , approached Tobruk on October 3 , 1911 and invaded the city the next day without encountering any serious opposition . The Ottoman forces were organized by Enver Bey ( later Enver Pasha ) after trivial clashes on November 9 , 1911 . The leader of the Libyan forces was Sheik Muberra , who was backed by his " Meryem " tribe . Battle . In the first week of December 1911 nearly 2000 Italian soldiers against 200 Libyan volunteers had captured the Nadura Hill in Mureyra Valley and were busy with reinforcements and digging trenches . Captain Mustafa Kemal ( Atatürk ) was then in command of Tobruk region and foresaw that the consolidation of Italian forces would jeopardize his position . Thus , he ordered Sheik Muberra to attack as soon as possible to overcome the further reinforcement of the Italians on the strategic Nadura Hill . Under approval of Ethem Pasha , 12 Turkish soldiers , Lieutenant Necip Efendi and 120 Libyan volunteers were ordered to capture the hill , defended by 200 Italian soldiers . The Ottoman forces approached Nadura Hill just before dawn and besieged the hill , followed by heavy fire and an all - out attack . Italian soldiers were surprised and responded in a disorganized fashion without the surveillance of cannon fire . Italian positions were captured in two hours and the Italian " Bersaglieri " retreated to Tobruk while leaving three machine guns , among other munitions . Meanwhile , the Ottoman forces , consisting of a thousand soldiers , destroyed Italian reinforcements who were supporting the Italian forces near the hill . Sheik Muberra was shot and killed along with 10 Libyan volunteers . After five hours of fighting , the Italian attack was repulsed and the Italians forced to retreat to Tobruk . Aftermath . Casualties among the Italian soldiers were approximately 200 , along with the equipment , rifles and ammunition abandoned by the " Bersaglieri " . This was an important but secondary step for hindering the Italian advance into Tobruk in December 1911 . However , the Italians later re - invaded these strategic sites with superior forces in January 1912 and since then occupied the area of Tobruk until their final victory .
Moscow Conference ( 1941 ) The First Moscow Conference of World War II took place from September 29 , 1941 to October 1 , 1941 . Averell Harriman representing the United States of America and Lord Beaverbrook representing the United Kingdom met with Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union to give assurances that those two leading Allies of World War II would aid and support the Soviet Union in the common fight against Nazi Germany .
Taixing Campaign Taixing Campaign ( 泰兴战役 ) was a series battles fought at the Taixing ( 泰兴 ) region in central Jiangsu , and it was a clash between the communists and the former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II . The campaign was one of the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post World War II era , and resulted in communist victory . Order of battle . Nationalists Communists Campaign . On September 8 , 1945 , units of communist Central Jiangsu Military Region assisted by the local militias decided to take the town of Taixing ( 泰兴 ) in central Jiangsu by force after the local defenders consisted of former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II refused to surrender . Three days later , all nationalist strongholds outside the town had fallen into communist hands . At night of September 11 , 1945 , the communists launched their assaults on the town itself , and by 8 : 00 AM next morning , the communist secured the town after capturing more than four thousands defenders alive , including the commander Cai Xinyuan ( 蔡鑫元 ) . In addition , the communists also captured 12 artillery pieces , over 140 machine gun s and more than 2 , 700 firearms .
Henry Stanton ( soldier ) Henry Stanton ( c 1796 – 1856 ) was a United States Army officer who was brevetted brigadier - general for meritorious conduct in the Mexican War ( 1846 – 1848 ) . Biography . Stanton born in Vermont about 1796 . He was appointed a lieutenant in the light artillery on June 29 , 1813 , assistant deputy quartermaster - general in July 1813 , military secretary to General George Izard in 1814 , deputy quartermaster - general , with the rank of major on May 13 , 1820 , acting adjutant - general under General Thomas S . Jesup in Florida from 1836 to 1837 , assistant quartermaster - general , with the rank of colonel on 7 July 7 , 1838 , and was brevetted brigadier - general for meritorious conduct in the Mexican War on January 1 , 1847 . He died at Fort Hamilton , New York on 1 August 1856 .