naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
RT - 15 The RT - 15 was a mobile theatre ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War . It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS - 14 Scamp ( alternately the SS - 14 Scapegoat ) and carried the industry designation 8K96 . The RT - 15 was an early Soviet attempt to develop a road - mobile theatre ballistic missile . It was intended to be capable of being launched from both sea and ground sites and had a maximum range of 2000 – 2500 km . The weapon ' s ' reaction time ' in the normal readiness condition after its arrival at the launch site would have been 20 to 30 minutes and the ' holding time ' at peak readiness ( with a time of two to ten minutes before the missile could be launched ) would be about a day . The missile was developed in the early 1960s and was first seen on a mobile land launcher during May 1965 . Despite having completed its development , the system was refused for service soon after it had begun deployment ; it was withdrawn and the project cancelled before it could become a major component of the Soviet forces . The missiles were decommissioned and replaced during March 1970 .
Joseph E . Hallonquist Captain Joseph Eskel Hallonquist was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . When World War I began , Hallonquist was chief clerk of a bank in British Columbia . He joined the 19th Reserve Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force , only to transfer to the Royal Flying Corps . He trained with 26 and 73 Squadrons before being posted on 23 January 1918 to 28 Squadron in Italy as an Honorary Captain . He opened his victory roll on 17 April 1918 . His fourth confirmed win on 13 July downed Austro - Hungarian ace Ferdinand Udvardy ; although Hallonquist was credited with a destruction , Udvardy survived . On 29 October 1918 , Hallonquist was shot down by anti - aircraft fire . He spent a short period as a prisoner of war before returning to Canada . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Fanhui Shi Weixing Fanhui Shi Weixing ( ) is a series of Chinese recoverable reconnaissance satellite s . The satellites were used for both military and civilian observation needs , with a total of 26 flights . The first flight was FSW - 0 on 1969 - 06 - 01 and the last SJ - 8 on 2006 - 09 - 09 . Four models of the satellites were introduced : FSW - 0 , FSW - 1 , FSW - 2 , and the most modern being FSW - 3 . All satellites were put in orbit using the Long March rocket s , most of them by the CZ - 2C type . Successful achievement of landing technology ( third in the World after Soviet Union and United States ) was the basis for the second Chinese manned space programme ( period of 1978 - 1980 ) , third manned programme Project 863 ( late 1980s ) , and current Shenzhou program me ( since 1992 ) . History . China started developing this kind of satellite in the early 1970s . On 26 November 1975 , China launched the first FSW satellite from Jiuquan in Inner - Mongolia . The satellite finished its mission successfully on 29 November 1975 and returned to earth safely , with the landing location in a special zone ( Liuzhi Special District ; 六枝特区 ) of Guizhou Province . It was the first Asian atmospheric reentry mission , and China became the third country to recover a satellite after its mission . There are mainly three generations in history : FSW - 0 ; FSW - 1 ; FSW - 2 and the current FSW - 3 . Until the year 2003 , China launched in total 22 of this kind of satellite , for climate , geographical and agricultural purposes . It was the first generation of China ' s returnable satellites . The main use was for the inspection of national land and natural resources . Satellites of this generation all carried prism - scan cameras . It did not have any complete orbit control system , so its decay or attenuation of orbit was fast ; it thus had a relatively short orbit duration . Its accuracy for landing or return location was relatively low . This generation carried much more powerful cameras . The main use of this generation was for drawing geographical maps . Its resolution was as high as 10m . Manned flights . Due to lack of information both about origins of FSW and about second manned space programme ( that was announced few times in 1978 with the open publishing of some details including photos , but then was abruptly cancelled in 1980 ) , first model FSW - 0 , probably , was designed initially for manned use as spacecraft instead of first manned programme Shuguang aborted in early 70s . The West were suggesting that after dozen of mostly successful launches of FB - 1 and CZ - 2 rockets and 4 successful annual launches of FSW ( last one in January 26 , 1978 claimed as dress rehearsal ) China made in December , 1978 ( or on January 7 , 1979 according to another unconfirmed sources ) the first attempt of launch of manned version of FSW spacecraft , but due to fail with loss of astronaut this program was closed , and the FSW satellite ( redesigned for unmanned goals as subsequent models ) only retrieved a flight in 1982 .
Firre Family of Integrated Rapid Response Equipment ( FIRRE ) The intent of the U . S . Army ' s FIRRE program is to reduce manpower requirements , enhance force protection capabilities , and reduce casualties through the use of unmanned systems . It consists of a range of Unmanned Ground Vehicle s ( UGV ) and associated Unattended Ground Sensors ( UGS ) to counter terrorist actions in lieu of manned operations . FIRRE ' s near - term objective is to provide a network of unmanned systems and sensors to support physical security of high - value areas of interest . The long - term goal is to develop a layered force protection system of systems for forward deployed forces that is networked with the future force C4ISR systems architecture .
Operation Bowler Operation Bowler was an air attack on Venice harbour by Allied aircraft on 21 March 1945 , as part of the Italian campaign of the Second World War . It was led by Acting Wing Commander , later Group Captain , George Westlake of the Royal Air Force . By early 1945 , northern Italy ' s rail and road network had undergone severe damage , forcing the Germans to resort to shipping goods into Venice and then moving them from there along rivers and canals . An attack on the city ' s harbour was thus deemed necessary by the Allied command , although the risk of damage to the city ' s architectural and artistic treasures was high , as it had always been in other battles of the Italian campaign , such as Battle of Monte Cassino . The operation was planned to be extremely precise to avoid any such damage and was named Operation Bowler by Air Vice - Marshal Robert Foster , as a reminder to those involved that they would be " bowler hatted " ( returned to civilian life ) or worse should Venice itself be damaged . Having assessed the weather , Westlake led the attack in a Curtiss P - 40 Kittyhawk from No . 250 Squadron RAF , part of No . 239 Wing RAF , which was composed of Kittyhawk and P - 51 Mustang squadrons and specialised in dive - bombing operations . The fighters attacked the gun defences of the docks and , that done , the bombers then dived in to the attack almost vertically to ensure precision , with civilian observers feeling safe enough to climb on the city ' s rooftops to observe the attack and with the only architectural damage being no more than a few broken windows . The attack sank two merchant ships as well as naval escorts and smaller vessels , as well as seriously damaging a large cargo ship and destroying five warehouses , an Axis mine stockpile ( blowing a 100 yard hole in the quayside ) and other harbour infrastructure , such as an underwater training establishment for frogmen and human torpedo es . Westlake was recognised soon afterwards by being granted the Distinguished Service Order for " excellent leadership , great tactical ability and exceptional determination " , having already won the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1942 for continuous gallantry in around 300 operational sorties .
Weera Wickrama Vibhushanaya Weera Wickrama Vibhushanaya ( " Heroic Gallantry Decoration " ) Medal and Bar are the third highest Sri Lankan military decoration that is presented to officers and other ranks as a reward for individual acts of gallantry and conspicuous bravery which is of a military nature of a high order in the face of the enemy , carried out voluntarily whilst on active service without any consideration of his own security with the prime intention of safeguarding the lives of his comrades or facilitating the operational aim of his force or for a highly commendable act or a series of acts of a human nature of high order shown in saving life from drowning , fire and rescue operations in mines , floods and similar calamities under circumstances of bodily injury or danger to the life of the rescuer . The degree of courage and promptitude displayed will be taken into concern . How medal awarded . The medal is awarded to all ranks of the tri forces ( Regular / Volunteer ) for individual acts of gallantry and heroism that are of a military nature , for highly commendable acts of a humane nature in facing the enemy . The decoration is presented by His / Her Excellency the President . Recipient of the decoration will be eligible to use the post - nominal letters WWV after his name . References . Wing Commander Avindra Praneeth Mirando , Only srilankan to get this award twice
National Salvation Junta The National Salvation Junta " ( Junta de Salvação Nacional , " ) was a group of military officer s designated to maintain the government of Portugal in April 1974 , after the Carnation Revolution had overthrown the " Estado Novo " dictatorial regime . This junta functioned between 1974 and 1975 , following a communiqué of its president , António de Spínola , at 1 : 30 a . m . on 26 April 1974 . The Junta was a pre - planned part of the programme of the " Movimento das Forças Armadas " ( Movement of the Armed Forces ; MFA ) , which aimed to exercise political power before the formation of a civilian government in order to prevent the immediate collapse of the Presidency of the Republic ( then held by Rear - Admiral Américo Tomás ) and of the government , along with the dissolution of the National Assembly and of the Council of State . Constitutional Law 1 / 74 of 25 April was promulgated in order to set this process in motion . The choice of President and Vice - President remained with the Junta itself . The Junta was composed of : On an interim basis , the Junta also exercised the functions of the Presidency of the Republic ( from 26 April to 15 May , when it designated as Head of State the president of the Junta , António de Spínola ) and of President of the Council ( from 26 April to 16 May , when the First Provisional Government of Portugal , which was chosen by the MFA , took power , headed by Adelino da Palma Carlos ) . On 30 September 1974 the staff was reorganized : Constitutional Law 5 / 75 of 14 March 1975 abolished NSJ and established the Revolutionary Council of Portugal ( Conselho da Revolução de Portugal ) , which included former members of NSJ .
Second Winter Campaign The Second Winter Campaign was a failed military campaign by the Ukrainian National Army in October and November 1921 against Bolsheviks . It was the last campaign of the Ukrainian armed forces in post - World War I attempt to achieve independence of Ukraine . The plan . The plan of the Second Winter Campaign was bold and simple : to move into central Ukraine and unify the various partisan units therein . In late 1917 , there were many independent units working in central Ukraine , including the anarchist Nestor Makhno in the central steppes . Together , the Army of the Ukrainian National Republic would then drive Bolshevik forces from Ukraine . Participating units . There were three main army groups which took part in the campaign . The main group was known as the Volynhian group , and consisted of 800 men . It was under the command of general Yurii Tiutiunnyk , and the chief of staff was colonel Yurii Otmarshtain . The second group , known as the Podollian group , consisted of 400 men . It was commanded by Lt Col M . Palii and , later , Col S . Chorny . The third group , the Bessarabian group , under the command of general Andrii Huly - Hulenko , was based in Romania . The campaign . The biggest challenge that the campaign faced was lack of coordination of participating units . The plan itself was very bold : to move from bases in Western Ukraine into bolshevik - held central Ukraine and unify many of the partisan units . At the time , Bolshevik units were themselves poorly coordinated . Also , many partisan bands were working throughout Ukraine independently against Bolsheviks . This was especially common in the Zaporozhia region . The Bessarabia group was active in Ukraine for only a few days , and then returned to Romania . The Podillia group began the campaign on October 25 , 1921 , and met with early success . It first engaged and destroyed a soviet cavalry regiment , and used the captured equipment to transform itself into a cavalry unit . It continued on to the village of Vakhnivka , 60 km north of Kiev , before being forced back by soviet forces . It was forced to retreat west , and crossed the Polish border on November 29 . The Volynhia group began operations on November 4 , 1921 , and it also met with early successes . It won the city of Korosten , but was unable to defend it . When news of the retreat of the Podillia group became known , the Volynhia group was also forced to retreat west . However , it was encircled by Hryhorii Kotovsky ' s cavalry regiment near the village of Bazar . After a brief battle , most of the regiment was captured . On November 22 , 1921 , 359 members of the regiment were executed by firing squad . The remaining prisoners were handed over to soviet authorities . Only 120 soldiers and officers escaped . Outcome . The Second Winter Campaign was the final battle by the Army of the Ukrainian National Republic against Bolshevik forces in Ukraine . References . Encyclopedia of Ukraine
George Wright ( general ) George Wright ( October 22 , 1803 – July 30 , 1865 ) was an American soldier who served in the Mexican - American War and the American Civil War . Early life and career . Wright was born in Norwich , Vermont , and graduated from West Point in 1822 . He served in the 3rd U . S . Infantry Regiment on the frontier in Wisconsin and Maine . In 1838 he transferred to the 8th Infantry Regiment and served on the Canadian border . In 1844 , he fought in Florida against the Seminoles where he was appointed brevet major for meritorious service . During the Mexican - American War , he served with the 8th Infantry at Vera Cruz and at the Battle of Molino del Rey , where he was wounded . For this service he was appointed a brevet colonel . In 1848 he was promoted to major , and then lieutenant colonel in 1855 , when he transferred to the 4th Infantry Regiment and served on the West Coast . Later , in 1855 , he was promoted to colonel of the 9th Infantry Regiment , where he served in the Washington Territory . In 1858 Wright oversaw the reconstruction of Fort Dalles in Oregon Territory from a wood outpost to a more substantial base while in command of the 9th . He fought in the Yakima War and the Battle of Four Lakes near Spokane . Civil War . At the beginning of the Civil War , Wright was the commanding officer of the Department of Oregon . Then , for a few months in 1861 , he was the commanding officer of the District of Southern California . In October 1861 , he was promoted to brigadier general of Volunteers and placed in command of the Department of the Pacific , replacing Edwin Vose Sumner , on Sumner ' s recommendation . Although Wright would have preferred to have been sent East during the Civil War , he remained in California where he commanded the largest force ever in the Far West — 6 , 000 troops in 1862 . His duties included protecting the frontier , keeping watch on secessionists , safeguarding the coast , and moving troops eastward . The climate of San Francisco was not agreeable to Wright , because of his asthma , and he wanted to move the headquarters to Sacramento . The headquarters did not move , although Wright did spend time in Sacramento . Postbellum . When the regular army reorganized in 1865 and created the Military Division of the Pacific , Wright commanded the District of California for a few months until he was given command of the newly created Department of the Columbia . He may have been removed from command of the Department of the Pacific in order for the Army to have a position for Maj . Gen . Irvin McDowell . Wright and his wife died at sea " en route " to his new command when the steamer " Brother Jonathan " was wrecked off the California coast . His body was recovered six weeks later . He is interred in the Sacramento Historic City Cemetery . For his service as commander of the Department of the Pacific , he was appointed a brevet brigadier general in the regular army . Namesake . Fort George Wright , located near Spokane , was named in his honor .
Army Group H Army Group H ( " Heeresgruppe H " ) was a German army group in the Netherlands and in Nordrhein - Westfalen during World War II . Army Group H ( for Holland ) was activated on November 11 , 1944 in the Netherlands . It contained the 1st Parachute Army and the 15th Army ( in January 1945 replaced by the 25th Army ) . It garrisoned the Netherlands with twelve divisions . In March 1945 the army group became Oberbefehlshaber Nordwest ( OB Nordwest , the Northwest High Command ) under Ernst Busch . After being pushed from the Rhine by Operation Varsity , on 4 May 1945 OB Nordwest capitulated on the Lüneburger Heide to Field Marshal Montgomery .
Leonard Holbrook Rear Admiral Leonard Stanley Holbrook MVO , ( 1 January 1882 – 29 August 1974 ) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy . He was the Commodore Commanding His Majesty ' s Australian Squadron between 29 May 1931 and 7 April 1932 . Biography . Holbrook was born at Portsmouth on 1 January 1882 , the second son of Arthur Holbrook and his wife Amelia Mary ( née Parks ) . Arthur Holbrook was the owner of the " Portsmouth Times " , and also a keen member of the Volunteer Force , forerunner of the later Territorial Army . Arthur was later knighted for his service as a Colonel in the Army Service Corps , during the First World War , and became Member of Parliament for Basingstoke in 1920 . He and his wife had six sons and four daughters , and of these Leonard ' s brother Norman achieved fame as the first Royal Navy recipient of the Victoria Cross during the First World War . Holbrook joined the Royal Navy in 1896 . He was rated midshipman on 15 January 1898 . While serving on HMS " Majestic " he formed part of the honour guard for the state funeral of Queen Victoria , and was appointed Member of the Royal Victorian Order on 19 March 1901 . He was promoted to acting Sub - Lieutenant on 15 July 1901 , ( and subsequently confirmed in that rank from the same date ) , Lieutenant on 15 January 1902 . He served aboard HMS " Exmouth " as part of the Atlantic Fleet in 1908 and was promoted to Lieutenant Commander in 1910 . At the start of the First World War , Holbrook was serving as a gunnery officer aboard HMS " Devonshire " . He was promoted Commander on 31 December 1914 , and then served successively as Flag Commander to Vice Admiral s Sir Martyn Jerram , Sir Herbert Heath and Sir Dudley de Chair in the Grand Fleet . He was promoted Captain on 30 June 1920 . He married a widow , Mrs R . Spencer Britten ( Gladys Nina Grove ) , on 1 January 1920 , she had a son called Richard by her earlier marriage . He commanded HMS " Curlew " from 1922 – 24 . He was seconded to the Royal Australian Navy in 1929 , initially commanding HMAS " Canberra " , then he was appointed Commodore First Class to command His Majesty ' s Australian Squadron between 29 May 1931 and 7 April 1932 . He was appointed an Aide de Camp to King George V until 5 July 1932 and appointed again on 15 October 1932 . He was promoted to Rear Admiral on 15 October 1932 and placed upon the retired list on 16 October 1932 . He died at home on 29 August 1974 , and his funeral was at Bury , West Sussex on 6 September , followed by a cremation . His wife had predeceased him , he was survived by their son Robert , and her son Richard .
Georgia Military Institute The Georgia Military Institute ( GMI ) was established on in Marietta , Georgia , on July 1 , 1851 . It was burned by the Union Army during the Civil War and was never rebuilt . The current GMI is a reactivation of the name for a Georgia National Guard Officer Candidate School ( OCS ) curriculum . Mission . In January 2010 , the Georgia Army National Guard established its OCS Program at GMI . It is based at the Clay Army National Guard Center ( formerly NAS Dobbins ) in Marietta at the 122nd Regiment - Regional Training Institute or RTI . GMI / OCS is reflagged as Charlie Company , 2nd Battalion , 122nd RTI under the 78th Troop Command of the Georgia Army National Guard . Current commissioning programs are available to Army National Guard soldiers in both a bi - annual Accelerated and annual Traditional program formats . A GMI graduate will receive both state and federally recognized Reserve Officer commission in the Georgia Army National Guard and US Army respectively . Coursework is accredited via Ft Benning ' s US Army OCS curriculum . History . GMI was established in Marietta , Georgia , on July 1 , 1851 . The campus consisted of . Seven students started classes in July and twenty - eight men were in attendance by the end of the first year . GMI operated regularly until the spring of 1864 when the cadets were formed into two companies and deployed to West Point , Georgia , as a result of the Civil War . During the course of the Civil War , superintendent Francis W . Capers sent cadets to use as drill instructors for CSA , and other cadets volunteered or were drafted . On May 14 , 1864 , GMI Cadets fought in the Battle of Resaca and made contact with the 9th Illinois Mounted Infantry regiment . After this single engagement , the cadets were pulled off the front line . The empty campus was burned by Sherman ' s troops on November 15 , 1864 . Following the Civil War , Georgia Military Institute was not rebuilt . In its place was founded North Georgia Agricultural College in Dahlonega , Georgia , as the Military College of Georgia . To honor the legacy of GMI , the Georgia Army National Guard named its Officer Candidate School after it in 1961 . In 2008 , GMI returned to Marietta .