naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USNS Zeus ( T - ARC - 7 ) USNS " Zeus " ( T - ARC - 7 ) was the first cable ship specifically built for the United States Navy , and was planned to be the first of two ships of her class , however the second ship was not built , leaving " Zeus " as the only ship of her class to have been constructed . Capable of laying of cable at depths of up to , she is the only ship of her type currently operated by the U . S . Navy . Function and Equipment . One of twenty - six ships in the Military Sealift Command ' s Special Mission Ships Program , " Zeus " s primary missions are to transport , deploy , retrieve and repair submarine cables and test underwater sound devices , with a secondary mission of conducting acoustic , hydrographic , and bathymetric surveys . " Zeus " is equipped with a SIMRAD EM 121 sonar , and can also operate towed sidescan sonar s and deploy data buoys to assist in oceanographic surveys . She is fitted with an extensive suite of equipment for the handling and deploying of undersea cable , including five cable tanks , tension machines , and other devices . She can also be fitted with the Heavy Overboarding System ( HOS ) , a A - frame capable of deploying remotely operated vehicles ( ROVs ) . Operations . USNS " Zeus " is operated by the Military Sealift Command , part of the U . S . Transportation Command and the operator of the majority of the U . S . Navy ' s replenishment , transport and auxiliary ships . Assigned to the MSC Atlantic Special Mission Support Force , she is operated by a majority civilian crew , and is assigned no permanent homeport . " Zeus " underwent an overhaul period at Norfolk , Virginia in 2008 . In 2012 , the Zeus will be assigned on a mission to lay an underwater optic fiber cable from the U . S . Naval station in Guantanamo Bay , Cuba to South Florida as part of a larger effort to upgrade the naval facility .
Paulo Lukamba General Paulo Armindo Lukamba " Gato " ( born Armindo Lucas Paulo on May 13 , 1954 ) led UNITA , a former anti - colonial movement that fought against the MPLA in the Angolan Civil War , from the death of António Dembo on March 3 , 2002 until he lost the 2003 leadership election to Isaías Samakuva . Lukamba was born in the province of Huambo , in central Angola . History . Lukamba joined UNITA during the Carnation revolution in Portugal . He eventually served eight years in France as UNITA ' s representative there . From 1995 until the death of Jonas Savimbi in February 2002 , Lukamba served as UNITA ' s Secretary - General . Upon Savimbi ' s death and the subsequent death of Vice President António Dembo just 10 days later from diabetes and battle wounds , Lukamba assumed control of the rebel group . Lukamba led UNITA in negotiations that ended the Angolan Civil War in April 2002 . Lukamba led UNITA ' s political party until 2003 when Isaías Samakuva won the leadership election . Samakuva is the current President of UNITA . Lukamba was the fifth candidate on UNITA ' s national list in the September 2008 parliamentary election . He was one of 16 UNITA candidates to win seats in the election .
HMS Halcyon ( 1894 ) The third HMS " Halcyon " was a " Dryad " - class torpedo gunboat of the Royal Navy . She was launched in 1894 and was put up for sale before World War I . She was recommissioned in 1913 , was converted to a minesweeper and served under the orders of the Admiral Commanding Coast Guard and Reserves . She was sold for breaking in 1919 . Design . Ordered under the Naval Defence Act of 1889 , which established the " Two - Power Standard " , the class was contemporary with the first torpedo boat destroyer s . With a length overall of , a beam of and a displacement of 1 , 070 tons , these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time ; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers . " Halcyon " was engined by Hawthorn Leslie and Company with two sets of vertical triple - expansion steam engines , two locomotive - type boilers , and twin screws . " Halcyon " produced , nearly twice the power of the rest of her class . She was capable of 19 or . She carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and was manned by 120 sailors and officers . Armament . The armament when built comprised two QF guns , four 6 - pdr guns and a single 5 - barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun . Her primary weapon was five 18 - inch ( 450 - mm ) torpedo tubes , with two reloads . On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed . Construction . " Halcyon " was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 2 January 1893 and launched on 6 April 1894 . Operational History . Naval review of 1897 . On 26 June 1897 " Halcyon " was present at the Fleet Review at Spithead in celebration of Queen Vicoria ' s Diamond Jubilee . Mediterranean station . HMS " Halcyon " was commissioned to serve at the Mediterranean Station , where she served until May 1901 , when she was paid off at Devonport and placed in the Fleet reserve for refitting . Pre - war service . Although being offered for sale , she was recommissioned at Sheerness on 5 July 1913 . World War I service . In August 1914 she became the ship of the Senior Naval Officer North Sea Fisheries , serving under the orders of the Admiral Commanding Coast Guard and Reserves . Disposal . She was sold to J H Lee of Dover for breaking on 6 November 1919 .
Bogislaw von Bonin Bogislaw von Bonin ( January 17 , 1908 , Potsdam – 1980 ) was a German Wehrmacht officer and journalist . Early life . Bonin was born in Potsdam , Province of Brandenburg and joined the 4 . Reiterregiment ( Cavalry Regiment ) of the German Reichswehr in 1926 . He was educated at the Infantry school Dresden together with Claus von Stauffenberg and Manfred von Brauchitsch in October 1927 - August 1928 and was promoted a Lieutenant in 1930 . In 1937 / 38 he visited the War academy ( Kriegsakademie ) in Berlin and became a member of the Army High Command in 1938 . World War II . In 1943 he was the Commander of the XIV . Panzerkorps at Sicily and for a short time Chief of Staff of the LVI . Panzerkorps of the 1 . Hungarian Army in 1944 . He attained the rank of a Colonel , and became the Chief of the Operational Branch of the Army General Staff ( Generalstab des Heeres ) . Arrest . On January 16 , 1945 Bonin gave Heeresgruppe A the permission to retreat from Warsaw during the Soviet Vistula - Oder Offensive rejecting a direct command from Adolf Hitler for them to hold fast . He was arrested by the Gestapo on January 19 , 1945 and imprisoned first at Flossenbürg concentration camp and then Dachau concentration camp . With several family members ( Sippenhäftlingen ) of the July 20 plot and other notable prisoners such as Léon Blum , Kurt Schuschnigg , Hjalmar Schacht , Franz Halder and Fritz Thyssen he was transferred to the Tyrol but the transfer ends up delivering them to Niederdorf / Villabassa in the South Tyrol . On April 30 , 1945 he managed to contact senior Wehrmacht officers who used regular German troops to overwhelm the SS guards . The Wehrmacht freed the prisoners and then assisted them in being accommodated at the Pragser Wildsee Hotel south of Niederdorf until US troops marched into Niederdorf on May 4 , 1945 Post World War II . Bonin became a prisoner of war and started working as a freight forwarder in 1947 , later on for Daimler Benz . In 1952 he joined the " Amt Blank " ( Bureau Blank , named after its director Theodor Blank ) , the predecessor of the later Federal Ministry of Defence , as the head of the subdivision " military planning " , to map out a strategy of the German contribution to the European Defence Community , but came into conflicts with the Adenauer government , as he favored a rather neutral or independent German concept . Already in 1955 , before the German Bundeswehr was established , Bonin was released and became a journalist . Bonin died in Lehrte .
Plan Totality Plan Totality was a nuclear plan established by U . S . General Dwight D . Eisenhower on the direction of President Harry S . Truman after the end of Potsdam Conference . The plan envisioned a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union with 20 to 30 atomic bombs . It earmarked 20 Soviet cities for obliteration in a first strike : Moscow , Gorki , Kuybyshev , Sverdlovsk , Novosibirsk , Omsk , Saratov , Kazan , Leningrad , Baku , Tashkent , Chelyabinsk , Nizhny Tagil , Magnitogorsk , Molotov , Tbilisi , Stalinsk , Grozny , Irkutsk , and Yaroslavl .
Charles Luard Major - General Charles Camac Luard CB CMG ( 14 September 1867 - 28 June 1947 ) was Commander of British Troops in South China . Military career . Educated at Clifton College , Luard was commissioned into the Durham Light Infantry in 1885 . He was a keen cricketer and played for the Europeans cricket team in the 1892 / 3 season and again in 1898 / 9 season . He served in the Second Boer War and World War I in which he initially commanded 1st Bn Durham Light Infantry and in the latter stages of which he commanded a Brigade in India before commanding 9th Infantry Brigade and was then deployed as part of the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force and then the Egyptian Expeditionary Force . After the War he again became a Brigade Commander in India and moved on to be Commander of British Troops in South China in 1925 : he retired in 1929 . He became Colonel of the Durham Light Infantry in 1934 .
Spray and pray Spray and pray is a derisive term for firing an automatic firearm towards an enemy in long bursts , without making an effort to line up each shot or burst of shots . This is especially prevalent amongst those without benefit of proper training . It differs from suppressive fire as the shooting is sloppily directed . This term does not apply to appropriately focused fully automatic fire or true suppressive fire , which is standard practice for a properly trained combatant . In the Rhodesian Bush War and elsewhere , " spray and pray " was used to describe the firing of a relatively inaccurate weapon . Jack Lewis a former U . S . Marine veteran of World War II , the Korean War , and Vietnam War and editor of " Gun World " magazine met the then Commandant of the Marine Corps Paul X . Kelley . Lewis told the Commandant that the effect of the introduction of the M16 rifle was that " The United States used to be known as a Nation of Riflemen ; now we ' ve become a Nation of Sprayers " . Drawbacks of uncontrolled automatic gunfire are the low likelihood of actually hitting an enemy target , the large amounts of ammunition needed , and the increased risk of it becoming friendly fire . It was due to the tendency of soldiers to spray and pray during the Vietnam War that the US replaced the automatic - fire setting that was on the original M16 with three - round burst fire for the M16A2 and M16A4 / M4 carbine . Alternatives . An alternative method for achieving effective fire is to use either single shots or controlled , aimed bursts after locating the opposing force . Many armed force s employ selective fire assault rifle s such as the M16 Rifle and other small arms with a burst mode instead of , or in addition to , a fully automatic mode , to encourage soldier s to use effective fire techniques .
David Wills ( Gettysburg ) David Wills was born in Menallen Township , Adams County , Pennsylvania , the son of James Wills , a farmer . He remained on his father ' s farm until 13 years of age , entering Pennsylvania College ( now Gettysburg College ) in 1846 from which he graduated with high honors in 1851 . He then became a principal of the Academy at Cahaba , Alabama , where he taught one year . In 1853 he entered as a law student in the office of Hon . Thaddeus Stevens at Lancaster , PA , and in 1854 he was admitted to the Bar of Pennsylvania . He opened a law office in Gettysburg in 1853 . He was elected Burgess of the Borough of Gettysburg . He was elected the first County Superintendent of Schools of Adams County , and on him devolved the organization of the new school system . He was also elected director of the Bank of Gettysburg in 1854 and served until 1860 , when he was succeeded by his father , James Wills , who served until 1867 . In 1856 , he married Catherine Jane “ Jennie ” Smyser and by the summer of 1863 , the Wills had three children . In all , they had seven children : Catherine , Mary , Annie , Jennie , Emma , David Jr . , and James . He was a trustee of Wilson College , Chambersburg . He was also a trustee of the Dickinson School of Law , Carlisle . He was for more than twenty years a trustee of Pennsylvania College . In 1874 he was appointed President Judge of the 42nd Judicial District composed of Adams and Fulton Counties . The American Civil War came to the doorstep of the Wills home July 1 – 3 , 1863 . During the Confederate occupation of the town , Wills saw “ a group of rebels with an axe break open the store door ” of one of his tenants . As the battle raged around the town , local citizens huddled in his cellar . Mr . Wills suggested the idea of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery at Gettysburg to Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin immediately after the Battle of Gettysburg . He was appointed the agent of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by Governor Curtin to organize the Soldiers ' National Cemetery and looked after its interest . However , rival lawyer David McConaughy had already started purchasing land on Cemetery Hill with the intention of preserving it for the Federal government instead of the commonwealth . It was in Wills ' house on November 18 that President Lincoln wrote the final draft of the Gettysburg Address .
5th Infantry Division Cosseria The 5th Infantry Division Cosseria was an Infantry Division of the Italian Army during the Second World War . The 5th Division " Cosseria " participated in the Second Italo - Abyssinian War and was reorganized as a binary division prior to the start of the Second World War . It was made up almost totally of Ligurians and Montferrat ians . Order of Battle October 1935 . 5th Infantry Division " Cosseria " Notes : Order of Battle June 1940 . 5th Infantry Division " Cosseria "
RAF Pucklechurch RAF Pucklechurch was a Royal Air Force site in Pucklechurch , Gloucestershire from 9 August 1939 until 31 December 1959 . It became known as RAF Pucklechurch on 16 June 1952 . It was transferred to HM Prison Service in September 1962 and became Pucklechurch Remand Centre . History . During the war barrage balloon s were an important defence to the industry and transport sites in the Bristol region . There were large hangars and fuel storage facilities . Pucklechurch was under the command of the RAF Filton station commander . From April 1957 to September 1959 it housed the Joint Services School for Applied Linguistics and the RAF Chinese Language School . Current use . Since September 1962 it become Pucklechurch Remand Centre and later Ashfield Young Offender Institution .
Palace Chase The Palace Chase program allows active duty officers and airmen to voluntarily transfer from active duty in the United States Air Force ( USAF ) to the United States Air Force Reserve ( USAFR ) or the Air National Guard ( ANG ) . The member ' s remaining active duty service commitment ( ADSC ) or term of enlistment may be waived , for approved applicants , in exchange for the member ' s agreement to participate in a Selected Reserve ( " Traditional Reserve / Traditional Guard " ) program in the Air Reserve Component ( ARC ) , the ARC consisting of both the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard . Personnel transitioning to an ARC billet also remain eligible for acceptance into the full - time Active Guard and Reserve ( AGR ) and Air Reserve Technician ( ART ) programs . Personnel separating from active military service under the Palace Chase program are required to report to the gaining unit and participate satisfactorily in all Reserve / Guard - training activities for the duration of the Palace Chase contract . Failure to fulfill the contract could result in administrative action and recall to active duty in the Regular Air Force .
Thaddeus J . Martin Major General Thaddeus J . Martin began his military service in 1977 . He was commissioned , through Officer Training School in 1980 and completed formal training as an Aircraft Maintenance Officer . Through his twelve years of active service , General Martin held several squadron and wing level assignments and completed a MAJCOM headquarters tour . Joining the Connecticut Air National Guard in 1990 , he held command positions at the squadron , group and wing level and completed a statutory tour with the National Guard Bureau . Prior to his current assignment , General Martin served as the assistant adjutant general for the Connecticut Air National Guard . Major General Thaddeus J . Martin is the adjutant general for the Connecticut National Guard . He is responsible to the Governor and the Chief , National Guard Bureau , for providing operationally trained , equipped and mission - ready forces to support both U . S . mobilization requirements and state emergency operations to include developing and coordinating counter terrorism and domestic preparedness contingencies for the State of Connecticut . He implements policies , programs , and plans as the direct link to all state assigned National Guard resources , providing information and evaluation , issue resolution and action recommendations .
30th U - boat Flotilla 30th U - boat Flotilla ( " 30 . Unterseebootsflottille " ) of the German Kriegsmarine was formed in October 1942 . Six U - boats reached the Black Sea after a transport over land and canals and operated from the harbours of Constanza and Feodosiya from 1942 to 1944 . History . In the First World War , Imperial German submarines had been transported via rail to the Pola Flotilla based in the Adriatic . With Turkey as an ally of the Central Powers , the German Navy could also access the Black Sea via the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus , where the Constantinople Flotilla was based . In the Second World War , during Operation Barbarossa , the " Luftwaffe " engaged the Soviet Black Sea Fleet , but at the Romanian Siege of Odessa ( 1941 ) , the evacuation of the Red Army forces via the sea could not be prevented with the meagre naval forces available . In October 1941 , the 30th Flotilla under the command of Kptlt . Helmut Rosenbaum was founded . With Turkey remaining neutral , access via the Bosphorus was not feasible . It was decided that small vessels , torpedo boats and U - boats , should be transported from the German bight via the Danube to the Black Sea . The predecessor to the modern Rhine – Main – Danube Canal , the 19th century Ludwigskanal , was not suitable , though , so transport via land was necessary . Six U - boats of the rather small coastal submarine Type IIB , which at the time served as training vessels in the Baltic Sea , were assigned to this flotilla in being . Starting from May 1942 , they were partially dismantled in Kiel , to reduce weight and size . Toppled over 90° , and fitted with additional floating devices , the stripped down hulls , weighing 140 tons , were shipped through the Kiel Canal and on the Elbe up to Dresden - Übigau , where they were placed on two 70 ton Culemeyer road transporters hauled by Kaelble tractors . The boats then traveled at an average speed of 5 mph over the Reichsautobahn ( modern day A4 and A9 ) to the slipway in Ingolstadt . Traveling down the Danube , one obstacle was the old Stone Bridge of Regensburg with its arches . At Linz or Vienna , the boats were partially refitted , to be towed between two barges to the Romanian harbour of Galaţi , where further work was carried out . The first boat started to operate from the Romanian port of Constanţa in October 1942 , the last joined in May 1943 . Despite carrying only five torpedoes , the Type II boats were effective in the Black Sea theatre . In total , 26 ships with 45 , 426 tons were sunk . U - 20 was a lucky boat sinking 15 enemy ships with 38 , 500 tons without suffering casualties amongst her crew . When the Romanians switched sides in 1944 , U - 9 , U - 18 and U - 24 were scuttled near the harbour , and later raised by the Soviets . The Flotilla ' s history ended in September 1944 , when its three last boats U - 19 , U - 20 and U - 23 had to be scuttled on 10 and 11 September near the Turkish coast .
French submarine Vénus ( Q187 ) " Vénus " ( Q187 ) was a of the French Navy , commissioned in 1936 , and scuttled at Toulon in November 1942 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 27 June 1932 at the " Chantiers Worms " shipyard at Rouen , launched on 6 April 1935 , and commissioned on 15 November 1936 into the " 5e Escadrille de Sous - Marins " ( 5th Submarine Squadron ) , and served in the " 15ème Division de Sous - Marins " ( 15th Submarine Division ) at Toulon from 1937 . On 10 January 1940 , she left Toulon for Oran , and patrolled the French West Indies , returning to France on 3 June 1940 . By February 1941 she was part of a group of submarines based at Casablanca , and from July 1941 to February 1942 was at Dakar . She then returned to Toulon . On 27 November 1942 , following the German occupation of Vichy , the fleet at Toulon were ordered to scuttle their ships , however " Vénus " was one of five submarines ( the others were , , , and ) that disobeyed and attempted to escape , sailing from the harbour avoiding minefields and German bombers . While the other submarines escaped , " Vénus " was scuttled in the entrance of Toulon Harbour . The wreck was salvaged in 1951 and scrapped . References .
Gary L . Miller Gary Lee Miller ( March 19 , 1947 – February 16 , 1969 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Miller joined the Army from Roanoke , Virginia in 1967 , and by February 16 , 1969 was serving as a first lieutenant in Company A , 1st Battalion , 28th Infantry Regiment , 1st Infantry Division . On that day , in Binh Duong Province , Republic of Vietnam , Miller smothered the blast of an enemy - thrown grenade with his body , sacrificing his life to protect those around him . Miller , aged 21 at his death , was buried in Allegheny Memorial Park in his birth city of Covington , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . First Lieutenant Miller ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous intrepidity and gallantry in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . First Lt . Miller , Infantry , Company A , was serving as a platoon leader at night when his company ambushed a hostile force infiltrating from Cambodia n sanctuaries . After contact with the enemy was broken , 1st Lt . Miller led a reconnaissance patrol from their prepared positions through the early evening darkness and dense tropical growth to search the area for enemy casualties . As the group advanced they were suddenly attacked . First Lt . Miller was seriously wounded . However , the group fought back with telling effect on the hostile force . An enemy grenade was thrown into the midst of the friendly patrol group and all took cover except 1st Lt . Miller . who in the dim light located the grenade and threw himself on it , absorbing the force of the explosion with his body . His action saved nearby members of his patrol from almost certain serious injury . The extraordinary courage and selflessness displayed by this officer were an inspiration to his comrades and are in the highest traditions of the U . S . Army .