naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Maguilla In the Battle of Maguilla on June 11 , 1812 , a French cavalry brigade commanded by General of Brigade Charles Lallemand routed a similar - sized British cavalry brigade led by Brigadier General John Slade . This action took place during the Peninsular War . Background . Slade ' s brigade was covering Rowland Hill ' s corps , which protected Badajoz . On April 6 , this fortress had been captured by the Duke of Wellington ' s Anglo - Portuguese Army in the Battle of Badajoz . In May , Hill had mounted a successful raid in the Battle of Almaraz . Maguilla is 17 km northeast of Llerena in the Spanish province of Extremadura . Battle . Lallemand ' s 700 - strong brigade consisted of the 17th and 27th Dragoon Regiments . Slade also commanded 700 sabres from the 1st " Royal " Dragoons and 3rd " Prince of Wales " Dragoon Guards Regiments . The two forces deployed opposite one another , but Lallemand kept one of his six squadrons in reserve , out of sight of the British . Slade ordered a charge , which threw back the French horsemen . The British dragoons galloped wildly after the fleeing Frenchmen , capturing about 100 cavalrymen . Slade failed to reform his troopers and they soon came up with the reserve French squadron . This unit waited until their adversaries had covered a mile before attacking the disorganised British from flank and rear . The five defeated squadrons also turned on their tormentors and the result was a rout of the British . Result . The British lost 40 killed and wounded and 118 captured . The French suffered 51 killed and wounded . Most of the French who were captured at the beginning of the action escaped . The next action would be the Battle of Salamanca . After the battle , Wellington wrote to Hill : I have never been more annoyed than by Slade ' s affair . Our officers of cavalry have acquired the trick of galloping at everything . They never consider the situation , never think of manoeuvring before an enemy , and never keep back or provide for a reserve . This was not the only occasion that Wellington ' s cavalry charged out of control . Historian Charles Oman cites Taylor ' s 20th Light Dragoons at the Battle of Vimeiro , George Anson ' s 23rd Light Dragoons at the Battle of Talavera , and the 13th Light Dragoons at the Battle of Campo Maior . In addition , William Ponsonby ' s 2nd Brigade charged too far at the Battle of Waterloo and suffered crippling losses .
Thomas I d ' Autremencourt Thomas I d ' Autremencourt , commonly misspelled de Stromoncourt , was the first Lord of Salona ( modern Amfissa ) in Central Greece . A knight from Autremencourt in Picardy , he was given Salona as a fief by Boniface of Montferrat , King of Thessalonica , in 1205 during the division of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade . Thomas extended his domain over most of Phocis , from the Gulf of Corinth to the passes of Gravia in the north and the Parnassus in the east . Ca . 1210 , he tried to extend his rule westwards , and attacked the port town of Galaxidi . Its inhabitants , however , called upon the ruler of Epirus , Michael I Komnenos Doukas , for aid . The Epirote army attacked and captured Salona , with Thomas himself falling in battle ( ca . 1212 ) . As the Epirote ruler was pre - occupied elsewhere , however , his occupation did not last long , and within a few years Thomas ' s son , Thomas II , was able to reclaim Salona .
Rear ( military ) In military parlance , the rear is the part of concentration of military forces that is farthest from the enemy ( compare its antonym , the front line ) . The rear typically contains all elements of the force necessary to support combat forces - food , medical supplies and substantial shelters , planners and command headquarters .
USS Ranger ( Ontario ) USS " Ranger " was a 14 - gun brigantine that served in the U . S . Navy from 1814 to 1821 . " Ranger " was purchased on Lake Ontario in 1814 for duty with Commodore Isaac Chauncey ' s squadron in the War of 1812 , serving as a transport or supply vessel . She was condemned as being unfit for repairs or further service , and was sold 15 May 1821 .
Beilby Lawley , 3rd Baron Wenlock Beilby Lawley , 3rd Baron Wenlock ( 12 May 1849 – 15 January 1912 ) was a British soldier , Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1880 and administrator who was the Governor of Madras from 1891 to 1896 . Early life . Lawley was the son of Beilby Lawley , 2nd Baron Wenlock and his wife Lady Elizabeth Grosvenor , daughter of Richard Grosvenor , 2nd Marquess of Westminster . He was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College , Cambridge . He was commissioned into the Yorkshire Hussars in 1869 . He rose to the rank of Lieutenant - Colonel and also held the honorary colonelcies of several reserve regiments . Political career . Wenlock was active in local affairs as a Justice of the Peace for the East and North Ridings of Yorkshire and as Chairman of East Riding County Council . At the 1880 general election he was elected Member of Parliament for Chester but inherited his peerage later in the uyear and was elevated to the House of Lords . He was Governor of Madras 1891 – 1895 . He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1901 , and made a Lord of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales ( later George V ) . Governor of Madras . In 1890 , Lawley was appointed Governor of Madras by the Conservative Party which came to power in the United Kingdom . Beilby Lawley served as the Governor of Madras from 23 January 1891 to 18 March 1896 . Lawley laid the foundation stone for the Nilgiri Mountain Railway which was begun in August 1891 when he was Governor . During 1891 - 92 , the northern districts of Madras Presidency were gripped by a terrible famine . The government ' s persistence in continuing grain export from the districts of Ganjam and Viazgapatm made the situation even worser . Lawley established the Board of Mohammedan Education in 1893 . In 1895 , Lawley laid the foundation stone for a solar observatory at Kodaikanal . The Wenlock Ward of General Hospital , Madras was established in his memory . Lawley made significant enlargements to the Government House ( now Raj Bahvan ) , Madras . Lawley also laid the foundation stone of the Madras High Court . Family . In 1872 he married Lady Constance Mary Lascelles , ( 1852 – 1932 ) , daughter of the 4th Earl of Harewood , by whom he had one daughter : Hon . Irene Constance Lawley ( b . 1889 ) . She married Colin Gurden Forbes - Adam of Skipwith , Yorkshire . The Forbes - Adam family retain the Escrick estate which they now operate as a holiday and pleasure park . He was succeeded in the Barony by his brother Richard .
St Paul ' s Survives St Paul ' s Survives is a famous photograph taken in London during the night raid of 29 / 30 December 1940 , the 114th night of the Blitz of World War II . In the early hours of Monday morning , photographer Herbert Mason positioned on the roof of the " Daily Mail " building on Tudor Street , just off Fleet Street , took this image of St Paul ' s Cathedral surrounded by the smoke of burning buildings . The photograph became a symbol of British resilience and courage , and is considered one of the most iconic images of the Blitz . During the raid when the photograph was shot , more than 160 people died , over 500 were injured , and hundreds of buildings were destroyed in what became known as the Second Great Fire of London . The Blitz . The Blitz ( from German , " lightning " ) was the sustained strategic bombing of Britain and Northern Ireland by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 , during the Second World War . London , the United Kingdom ' s capital city , was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 76 consecutive nights . More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged , and more than 40 , 000 civilians were killed , half of them in London . When this picture was taken , almost every building immediately around St Paul ' s had burned down , with the cathedral surviving in a wasteland of destruction . Its survival was mainly due to the extraordinary and heroic attempts of a special group of firefighters who were urged by prime minister Winston Churchill to protect the cathedral . Twenty - nine incendiaries fell on and around the cathedral , with one burning through the lead dome and threatening to fall into the dome ' s wooden support beams . Members of the volunteer St Paul ' s Watch would have to climb through the rafters to have any chance of putting it out but , fortunately the bomb fell outwards from the roof onto the Stone Gallery , where it was quickly extinguished . The picture . When German bombers struck London on 29 December 1940 it was the 114th night of the Blitz . As searchlights lit up the sky searching for enemy aircraft , the " Daily Mail " ' s chief photographer Herbert Mason was on top of the roof of his newspaper ' s building off Fleet Street . German bombs destroyed hundreds of buildings that night and thick black smoke filled the air . Mason wanted to get a clear shot of St Paul ' s and waited hours for the smoke to clear sufficiently . Then the wind picked up just enough for Mason to take what would become one of the most iconic shots of the Blitz . On 31 December , the " Daily Mail " took the unusual step of publishing the photographer ' s account of how he took the picture : The photograph was taken in the early hours of Monday morning and was cleared for publication by the censors to appear in the issue of Tuesday 31 December 1940 .
Improved Launch Control System The Improved Launch Control System ( ILCS ) was a system used by the United States Air Force ' s Minuteman II ICBM force . ILCS was a method to transfer targeting information from a Minuteman Launch Control Center to an individual missile by communications lines . Prior to ILCS , new missile guidance would have to be physically loaded at the launch facility ; the process usually took hours . History . ILCS was operational at most Minuteman II wings by . Minuteman III wings had a similar install , designated Command Data Buffer , providing the newer system the potential for remote retarging . Phaseout . ILCS was phased out in mid - 1990s by the retirement of the Minuteman II force , and the inactivation or reapportioning of units to Minuteman III .
SM UC - 51 SM " UC - 51 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 20 November 1915 and was launched on 5 December 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 6 January 1917 as SM " UC - 51 " . In 7 patrols " UC - 51 " was credited with sinking 28 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 51 " was mined and sunk in the English Channel on 17 November 1917 . The wreck was located and identified by marine archaeologist Innes McCartney close to the official sinking position in 2001 .
USS Cread ( APD - 88 ) USS " Cread " ( APD - 88 ) was a that served in the United States Navy during World War II . She was laid down as " Cread " ( DE - 227 ) on 16 October 1943 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard , and launched on 12 February 1944 . She was converted to a before her construction was complete , and commissioned on 29 July 1945 . The war ended before her training was complete and she was decommissioned on 15 March 1946 , and laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs , Florida . She was stricken from the Naval Register on 1 June 1960 , and sold for scrapping to the Southern Scrap Metal Company on 16 March 1961 .
Fort de Vézelois Fort de Vézelois , also known as Fort Ordener , was built between 1883 and 1886 near Vézelois , to the southeast of Belfort in northeastern France . It is part of the first ring of fortifications around the city of Belfort . It is part of the second ring of fortifications around the city of Belfort in northeastern France . This set of forts was built as part of the Séré de Rivières system and incorporated improvements to deal with the improvement in efficacy of artillery in the late 19th century . The fort was formally named after French General Michel Ordener . The Fort de Vézelois is similar to the Fort de Bessoncourt and was designed to support Bessoncourt and the Fort du Bois d ' Oye , covering the road from Basel and the Mulhouse railway line . It was garrisoned by between 500 and 600 men . The fort received concrete cover in 1888 - 89 , its artillery dispersed to batteries outside the fort . In 1909 the caponier s were replaced by counterscarp s . Parapets and a subterranean shelter were provided for infantry , while a casemate , two machine gun turrets and a 75mm gun turret were added . From 1893 the fort was linked to other forts around Belfort via the Chemins de fer du Territoire de Belfort strategic railroad . In 1940 the fort was manned by the 8th Battery of the 159th Position Artillery Regiment ( RAP ) , part of the fortified region of Belfort under the French 8th Army , Army Group 3 . From 16 March 1940 the RF Belfort became the 44th Fortress Corps ( CAF ) . After the Second World War the fort was used by the French Army for ammunition storage until the 1990s . The fort is presently owned by the Commune of Vézelois and is in the care of an association for its restoration . The fort may be visited .
Injanah Air Base Injanah Air Base is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq . It was captured by Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 . Overview . The facility was an auxiliary airfield , consisting of a 10 , 000 foot runway and a small aircraft parking ramp . It was abandoned after March 2003 . The runway has been subjected to excavations by coalition personnel and made unserviceable . The facility is now abandoned and being reclaimed by the desert .
Type 3 submergence transport vehicle The was a class of transport submarines of the Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA ) , serving during the Second World War . IJA planned to build over 400 boats , however only 38 boats were completed until the end of war . The IJA called them . Construction . In 1943 the IJA decided to build a transport submarine for themselves , because the IJA was soundly beaten by in the Solomon Islands campaign and needed a way to supply the isolated garrisons on the Pacific islands . Boats in classes . " Yu I " type . The class consists of four unofficial subclasses resulting from manufacturing differences among the contracted builders . The manufacturer may be discerned by the appearance of the sail . " Yu 1 " - class . Basic model of " Yu I " type . First boat " Yu 1 " was prototype of the " Yu I " type boats . The Hitachi - Kasado Factory build all of the " Yu 1 " - class boats . Their sail was shut tightly . " Yu 1001 " - class . The Japan Steel Works - Kaita Factory built all of the " Yu 1001 " - class boats . They were equipped with an open - top sail . " Yu 2001 " - class . The Andō Iron Works - Tsukishima Factory build all of the " Yu 2001 " - class boats . First boat ( " Yu - 2001 " ) was second prototype of the " Yu I " type boats . They fitted deck house root of the sail for improve comfort by builder ' s consideration . " Yu 3001 " - class . The Chōsen Machinery - Jinsen Factory build all of the " Yu 3001 " - class boats . " Yu II " type . Improved model of the " Yu I " type . " Yu II " was built by Kampon technical guidance . The IJN used the " Ha - 101 " - class submarine drawings and designed this .
HMS Blackpool ( F77 ) HMS " Blackpool " was a " Whitby " - class or Type 12 anti - submarine frigate of the Royal Navy . " Blackpool " was loaned to the Royal New Zealand Navy between 7 June 1966 and 1971 . In 1969 , Blackpool was present at the Melbourne - Evans collision .
527th Air Defense Group The 527th Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the 4708th Air Defense Wing at Wurtsmith Air Force Base , Michigan . It was inactivated on 18 August 1955 . The group was originally activated as a support unit for the 461st Bombardment Group at the end of World War II in Italy and then redeployed to the United States where it was inactivated in 1945 . The group was activated once again in 1953 , when ADC established it as the headquarters for a dispersed fighter - interceptor squadron and the medical , maintenance , and administrative squadrons supporting it . It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission , equipment , and personnel to the 412th Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II . History . World War II . The group was activated as the 527th Air Service Group in Italy shortly after VE Day in a reorganization of Army Air Forces ( AAF ) support groups in which the AAF replaced Service Groups that included personnel from other branches of the Army and supported two combat groups with Air Service Groups including only Air Corps units . Designed to support a single combat group . Its 953rd Air Engineering Squadron provided maintenance that was beyond the capability of the combat group , its 777th Air Materiel Squadron handled all supply matters , and its Headquarters & Base Services Squadron provided other support . The group supported the 461st Bombardment Group in Italy . It returned to the US , passing through Camp Patrick Henry , VA , and was inactivated . It was disbanded in 1948 . Cold War . During the Cold War , the group was reconstituted , redesignated as the 527th Air Defense Group , and activated at Wurtsmith AFB in 1953 with responsibility for air defense of the Great Lakes area . The group was assigned the 63d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron ( FIS ) , which was already stationed at Oscoda AFB , ( renamed Wurtsmith AFB the day before the 527th was activated ) , and flying North American F - 86 Sabre s as its operational component . The 63rd FIS had been assigned directly to the 4706th Defense Wing . The group also replaced the 84th Air Base Squadron as USAF Host unit at Wurtsmith . It was assigned three squadron s to perform its support responsibilities . The 63d FIS upgraded to later model HVAR rocket armed and airborne intercept radar equipped Sabres in May 1954 and to two - seat Northrop F - 89 Scorpion s in early 1955 . Thye 527th was inactivated and replaced by the 412th Fighter Group ( Air Defense ) as part of Air Defense Command ' s Project Arrow , which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars . The group was disbanded once again in 1984 . Lineage . Components . Operational Squadron Support Units References . Bibliography . Further Reading
29th Military Airlift Squadron The 29th Military Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 438th Military Airlift Wing , Military Airlift Command , stationed at McGuire Air Force Base , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 31 August 1968 .
HMS Sabre ( P285 ) HMS " Sabre " is a " Scimitar " - class fast patrol boat of the British Royal Navy . She was commissioned into the Gibraltar Squadron on 31 January 2003 ( along with her sister " Scimitar " ) , and is used for police , customs and rescue purposes . The two boats allowed the two s of the squadron , " Trumpeter " and " Ranger " , to be reassigned to the Cyprus Squadron in April 2003 and April 2004 respectively . MV " Grey Wolf " . The boat had previously been used in Northern Ireland since 1993 as MV " Grey Wolf " and was based in Lough Neagh , Northern Ireland where she was manned by Royal Marines . April 2009 Incident . On Friday 10 April 2009 a vessel from Spain ' s Civil Guard Police force entered Gibraltar territorial waters unannounced and approached the area near Gibraltar Airport . HMS " Sabre " approached , and there was no response from the Spanish vessel . It was warned to leave the territorial waters , and after consulting with its superiors it did so . However , accounts vary between the Royal Navy and the Spanish versions . The Royal Navy states that its guns were armed at the time , however the Spanish accounts state that the guns were specifically pointed at the Spanish vessel . In addition , Spanish MP Jose Ignacio Landaluce from the People ' s Party has vowed to take up the issue in Parliament . He said Spain " would not allow a Civil Guard vessel to be expelled from its own home " .
Battle of Utica ( 204 BC ) The Battle of Utica was a battle during the Second Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage . Roman General Scipio Africanus besieged Utica , but was overcome by the Carthaginian and Numidian forces under Hasdrubal Gisco and Numidian king Syphax respectively . Having collected abundant booty and numerous slaves , in the autumn Scipio moved to Utica . His intention was to capture the ancient Phoenician city and make it a base for his further operations . The direct assault on the walls was repulsed even though it was supported by siege engines and the Roman fleet , so that the Romans had to undertake a regular siege of the city . The emergence of two large armies of the enemy effectively ended the siege very soon . These were the forces of Hasdrubal Gisgo and his son - in - law Syphax , who apparently did not hesitate anymore . Their numerical superiority ( according to the tradition passed by ancient authors such as Polybius and Livy , the army of Hasdrubal amounted to more than 30 , 000 and that of Syphax was twice as many , but these numbers are considered as exaggerated by modern researchers [ 24 ] ) forced Scipio to retreat to a promontory not far from Utica , which was later called Castra Cornelia . He fortified the narrow neck of land and set his winter quarters , relying on supplies of corn and clothing that were being sent to him from Sicily , Sardinia and Iberia . Hasdrubal and Syphax built their separate camps some distance from Castra Cornelia .
Vysoký Hrádek Vysoký Hrádek is a Renaissance castle in Temelín , Czech Republic Lords of Březí , from the court of Knín and Býšov originally constructed the fortress and courtyard . The first records we have are of Albert of Březí , who died in 1367 . The fortress was inherited by his son , Svatomír , and then by another two sons of Albert , Smil and Bušek . After the Lords of Březí died out , the fortress , called Hrádek , was inherited by their relatives , the Lords of Býšov . After changing hands dozens of times , in 1948 , the estate was confiscated as part of land reforms in the country , and now houses the information center for the Temelín Nuclear Power Station . Several exhibits using computer graphics and films explain how to control nuclear reactors , and reactor physics and safety .