naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Pradhan senadhipati Pradhan senadhipati is a supreme military rank of the Nepal military intended to be held solely by the King of Nepal . The rank outranks the field marshal rank of " pradhan senapati " and is considered to be a rank held by the Commander in Chief of Nepal . The rank incorporates the word " pradhan " meaning " grand " , and " senadhipati " , often translated as " commander in chief " . The closest approximation would to the rank of " pradhan senadhipati " would perhaps be the American rank of general of the armies , the North Korean rank of " dae wonsu " or the generic rank of grand marshal .
Salaminia The Salaminia ( ) was the messenger trireme of the Athenian navy during the late 5th century BC . It played a notable role in several episodes of the Peloponnesian War . Today it is considered to be an Athenian sacred ship . The Salaminia were ceremonial warships used by the Athenians for special occasions such as envoys to the oracle at Delphi and the conveyance of high ranking Athenian statesmen and as such only Athenian citizens were allowed to serve on these ships .
SM UC - 9 SM " UC - 9 " was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat had been ordered by November 1914 and was launched on 11 July 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 July 1915 as SM " UC - 9 " . Mines laid by " UC - 9 " in her 2 patrols were not credited with sinking any ships . " UC - 9 " was lost 21 October 1915 to one of its own mines . Bibliography .
Board of Veterans ' Appeals The Board of Veterans Appeals ( often referred to as the BVA or simply the Board ) is an administrative tribunal within the United States Department of Veterans Affairs , located in Washington , D . C . History . The Board of Veterans Appeals was established in July 1933 . It was given authority to hear appeals on benefit decisions . Members were appointed by the Administrator with the approval of the President . Membership . The Board has as many members as the Secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs deems " necessary in order to conduct hearings and dispose of appeals properly before the Board in a timely manner " . Board members are appointed by the Secretary , with the approval of the President . The one exception is the Chairman of the Board , who is appointed to a six year term by the President of the United States , and confirmed by the United States Senate . As of 2012 , the Board consisted of 64 members . Members of the Board are typically " experienced attorneys in the field of veterans law " . Staff attorneys , also trained in veterans law , review the facts of each appeal and assist the Board members . Procedure . When a claimant ' s application for benefits has been denied by a Regional Office , an appeal can be made to the Board of Veterans ' Appeals ( BVA or Board ) . The BVA is part of the Department of Veterans Affairs , located in Washington , DC , and makes the final determination on an appeal within the VA . These Board members make the ultimate conclusion on appeals within the VA . The BVA also employs staff attorneys that assist the Board members while preparing a decision for a claim , much like a clerk for a judge . The Board received and docketed 49 , 611 appeals in the 2012 fiscal year , and anticipated the docketing of 54 , 033 claims in the 2013 fiscal year . Decisions of the Board may be appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims , and from there to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit . Process of Filing an Appeal with the Board . The process of appealing an unfavorable decision consists of three ( 3 ) steps :
Helmut Schönfelder Helmut Schönfelder ( 30 April 1914 – 23 September 2003 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Helmut Schönfelder was credited with 75 aerial victories .
14 Intelligence Company 14 Field Security and Intelligence Company ( also known as " The Det " , but most commonly " Int & Squint " ) was a part of the British Army Intelligence Corps which operated in Northern Ireland from the 1970s onwards . The unit conducted undercover surveillance operations against suspected members of Irish republican and loyalist paramilitary groups . Many allegations of collusion with loyalist paramilitaries were made against the unit . Predecessors . The 14 Intelligence Company was the successor to the Special Reconnaissance Unit ( SRU ) , which was itself a reconstituted Military Reaction Force ( MRF ) . " Special Reconnaissance Unit " is the term appearing in official documents from the 1970s . An April 1974 briefing for Prime Minister Harold Wilson states : Structure . Authors claiming to be former members of the unit describe an organisation with a depot in Great Britain and four operational detachments in Northern Ireland . Selection and training of personnel from all arms of the British Armed Forces was conducted in a number of locations on the mainland . Candidates , both male and female , volunteered for " special duties " for periods of 18 – 36 months , before being returned to a parent unit . Trained surveillance operators could volunteer for re - deployment after a period with the parent unit , with potential opportunities to serve in command , staff or training roles within the organisation or higher command structure . Collusion accusations . 14 Intelligence was accused of acting in collusion with loyalist paramilitaries by former intelligence personnel Fred Holroyd and Colin Wallace in regards to the death of senior Provisional Irish Republican Army member John Francis Green , the Miami Showband killings and the Dublin and Monaghan Bombings .
Muhammad Khan ( Pakistan Army officer ) Colonel Muhammad Khan ( Urdu : کرنل محمد خان ) ( born 1910 – 23 October 1999 ) was a Pakistan Army officer and a war veteran . He also served in the Indian Army of the undivided British India and was a veteran of World War II . While serving in Pakistan Army , he wrote his first book " Bajung Aamad " ( ) which was a humorous autobiography . This book became extremely popular and became one of the most famous books in Urdu literature . The success of his first book earned him critically acclaimed prominence among Urdu humorists and he is considered one of the most influential authors of this genre . He was the fellow of Mushtaq Ahmad Yusufi , Zamir Jafri , Shafiq - ur - Rahman ( humorist ) . He is mostly known as " Colonel Muhammad Khan " to distinguish him from other bearers of this common name , despite his efforts to be recognised by his birth name . Later editions of his books show his name as just " Muhammad Khan " . Biography . He was born as Muhammad Khan in the village of Balkasar which is a part of city of Chakwal , Punjab , Pakistan . He studied in Islamia College Civil Lines and when World War II broke out , he joined the British Indian Army . He served in Iraq , Egypt and Palestine . In the Libyan Desert , during the Second World War , he valorously fought against the Germans . He rose to fame when he surprised the literary circles through his book " Bajung Aamad " . It was an autobiographical account of his life as a soldier in World War II . In 1974 , he went on a tour of the UK and later published his account of the UK tour in " Basalamat Ravi " . Later he published another book , " Bazam Arayan " , a collection of semi autobiographical short stories .
Elliott M . Braxton Elliott Muse Braxton ( October 8 , 1823 – October 2 , 1891 ) was a nineteenth - century politician and lawyer from Virginia . He was the great - grandson of Carter Braxton . Biography . Born in Mathews , Virginia , Braxton attended the common schools as a child , studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1849 , commencing in Richmond , Virginia . He moved to Richmond County , Virginia and served in the Virginia Senate from 1852 to 1856 . He later moved to Fredericksburg , Virginia in 1860 and continued practicing law . At the outbreak of the Civil War , Braxton raised a company for the Confederate Army and was elected its captain . He was later promoted to a major and served in the staff of General John R . Cooke . After the war , Braxton was elected a member of the common council of Fredericksburg in 1866 and was later elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1870 , serving from 1871 to 1873 . After being unsuccessful for reelection in 1872 , Braxton resumed practicing law in Fredericksburg until his death there on October 2 , 1891 . He was interred there in the Confederate Cemetery . Electoral History . 1870 . Braxton was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives unopposed .
USS Goliah ( SP - 1494 ) USS " Goliah " ( SP - 1494 ) , also listed as ID - 1494 , was an armed tug that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel and tug from 1918 to 1919 . SS " Goliah " was built as a commercial tug in 1907 by John H . Dialogue and Sons at Camden , New Jersey . The Navy purchased her from her owners , the Puget Sound Tug Company of Seattle , Washington , on 6 December 1917 for World War I service . She was commissioned as USS " Goliah " ( SP - 1494 ) on 31 January 1918 at Mare Island Navy Yard at Vallejo , California , with Lieutenant Werner Tornroth , USNRF , in command . Following shakedown , " Goliah " towed coal barges between San Diego , California ; Mare Island Navy Yard ; and San Pedro , California , until 3 March 1918 , when she departed San Diego for the United States East Coast . She arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , on 8 April 1918 and during the next month made four voyages between New London , Connecticut , and New York City with stores and ammunition . After a voyage to Bermuda and the Azores between 18 May 1918 and 24 June 1918 as an escort tug , she arrived at New York City for overhaul , where she stayed until 8 August 1918 . She then briefly served at New London as a patrol craft . Departing New London on 6 September 1918 , " Goliah " operated as a towing ship between São Miguel Island in the Azores , Bermuda , and New London until arriving at Brest , France on 26 November 1918 . There she took up new duties as a rescue and towing tug for convoys operating out of Brest to English ports and occasionally to Copenhagen , Denmark , and Lisbon , Portugal , until she arrived back at Brest on 24 April 1919 . " Goliah " performed harbor towing work at Brest until she was decommissioned on 29 November 1919 . The U . S . Navy loaned " Goliah " to the United States Shipping Board on 30 November 1919 and transferred her to the Shipping Boards permanent custody and control on 7 October 1921 .
Stanely Castle Stanely Castle is located in the waters of Stanely Reservoir , to the south of Paisley , Scotland , at the foot of the Gleniffer Braes . It was probably built in the early 15th century , on an island within a marsh . The castle is now a ruin . Since 1837 it has been partially submerged by the reservoir , and is completely inaccessible . When the water is drained it can be seen that the castle stands on a narrow promontory , which is connected to the reservoir bank on the southwest . History . Stanely was the ancient seat of the Danzielstons . In the early 15th century the estate passed to the Maxwells of Calderwood , who sold it on in 1629 to Lady Ross of Hawhead . In the 18th century , it passed to the Boyle Earls of Glasgow . The castle was then used as a school , but was abandoned by the early 19th century . It was sold by the 4th Earl of Glasgow to the Paisley Water Company , who built the present reservoir . Construction . The castle is constructed in local freestone , which shows very little sign of weathering . It has been constructed of large , roughly squared and hammer dressed blocks , which have been laid in rough courses . Corbels and window margins are dressed . A high proportion of masonry is cut and dressed stone , especially in the interior . The windows are small , and there are keyhole - shaped arrow slit s . Description . The castle is an L - shaped tower house of four storeys , which originally would have included a garret , but it is clear that the castle was constructed in two phases . The original castle being a rectangular tower aligned NNE - SSW . To this block was added a square extension or jamb . When the jamb was added it was necessary to add new openings into the new rooms . The castle was entered by its only door which is on the east side . The first floor , and all upper floors , were reached by a spiral staircase in the northeast corner . The ground floor was occupied by two compartments or cellars . There was a private staircase in the south gable which gave private access to the hall above . The first floor was occupied by the kitchen in the jamb , and the great hall and a private cabinet in the main block . The second and third floors each contained two bedrooms in the main block and an additional room in the jamb . Each of these rooms contained a privy and fireplaces . Stanely has two storeys over the hall , with no indication of rooms in the roof space . However it is possible that one attic room or a pair of small rooms could have been created . The Hearth Tax return for 1691 lists eleven hearths . Since the floors up to parapet level only account for nine hearths , this strengthens the case for attic rooms in the main block .
Chase ' s Regiment of Militia Chase ' s Regiment of Militia also known as the 13th New Hampshire Regiment of Militia was called up at Cornish , New Hampshire on September 22 , 1777 as reinforcements for the Continental Army during the Saratoga Campaign . The regiment marched quickly to join the gathering forces of Gen . Horatio Gates as he faced British Gen . John Burgoyne in northern New York . The regiment served in Gen . William Whipple ' s brigade of New Hampshire militia . With the surrender of Burgoyne ' s Army on October 17 the regiment was disbanded on October 24 , 1777 . They would be called up again to protect the frontier of the state during the Royalton Raid of 1780 .
HMS Sjöormen ( Sor ) HMS " Sjöormen " , Sw . meaning " sea serpent " , was the lead ship in the Swedish submarine class " Sjöormen " , project name A11 . The planning of the ships included a number of different AIP - solutions including nuclear propulsion , however the ships where finally completed with for the time extremely large batteries . The ship was a single hull submarine , with hull shape influenced by the American experimental submarine USS Albacore ( AGSS - 569 ) . The hulls was covered with rubber tiles to reduce the acoustic signature ( Anechoic tiles ) , at this time a pioneer technology . The Sjöormen - class was also the first in the world to use an cross - rudder . The submarine served in the Swedish navy for almost 30 years and was then after upgrades sold to Singapore in 1997 together with its four sister ships .
2nd / 4th Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment The 2nd / 4th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment ( 2 / 4 RAR ) was an Australian Army infantry battalion . 2 / 4 RAR was formed on 15 August 1973 by linking 2nd Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment and 4th Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment . 2 / 4 RAR was unlinked to re - form 2 RAR and 4 RAR on 1 February 1995 . Throughout its existence 2 / 4 RAR was based at Lavarack Barracks in Townsville and formed part of the 3rd Brigade . Elements of 2 / 4 RAR served in Malaysia as Rifle Company Butterworth from 1975 until 1989 , Cambodia in 1993 and Rwanda in 1994 . In addition , 53 personnel were attached to 1 RAR during that Battalion ' s deployment to Somalia in 1993 .
Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park is an Arkansas state park located next to Prairie Grove . It commemorates the Battle of Prairie Grove in the American Civil War . The portion of the park within a triangle formed by North Rd . on the NW and U . S . 62 on the S was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 . The area of this district was increased in 1992 to and then again in 2005 to .
Tzaousios The tzaousios ( ) was a late Byzantine military office , whose exact functions and role are somewhat unclear . The term is derived from the Turkish " çavuş " , meaning " courier " or " messenger " , and was in use by the Byzantines perhaps as early as the late 11th century . In the 13th – 15th centuries , it became applied to officers serving in provincial posts . A " tzaousios " could serve as commander of the garrison of a " kastron " ( a fortified administrative center run by a " kephale " ) , possibly combining the military and administrative roles , or as an officer to the " megala allagia " of the imperial field army . Most of the " tzaousioi " mentioned in the sources came from the Byzantine Morea , where they played an important role in provincial administration . In Macedonia and Thrace by contrast , they seem to have been limited to a purely military role within the " megala allagia " . The variant megas tzaousios ( μέγας τζαούσιος , " grand " tzaousios " " ) is a court title first attested under John III Vatatzes ( r . 1221 – 1254 ) . His functions are unclear . The French Byzantinist Rodolphe Guilland suggested that he was in command of subordinated " tzaousioi " , who acted as the successors of the earlier imperial courier corps , the " mandator es " . In pseudo - Kodinos ' s mid - 14th century " Book of Offices " , he is described as being responsible for maintaining the order of the imperial retinue . Certainly , the first " megas tzaousios " , Constantine Margarites , was the commander of Vatazes ' s personal retinue , but in later times , the title does not appear to have corresponded to a specific function .
Thandikulam – Omanthai offensive The Thandikulam – Omanthai offensive was a battle for the control of the towns of Thandikulam and Omanthai in Sri Lanka in June 1997 . Battle . The battle began on June 10 , 1997 when LTTE fighters attacked the garrison at Thandikulam . They destroyed the bridge on the edge of town so no reinforcements could arrive . While the fighting was raging an arms dump was hit by a rocket , causing a huge explosion that resulted in many casualties . Another dump was also hit shortly after and caused the same result . Helicopter gunships were sent to try and assist the besiedged soldiers , but one of them was badly damaged . Finally the city fell and the Tigers held it for two days taking anything they could . 13 days later the LTTE attacked the town of Omanthai . To get to Omanthai , they had to go through Periyamadu where 250 Sri Lankan soldiers were stationed . As the Tigers attacked , all of the soldiers were so surprised that they deserted their bunkers and left a gap over 1 km long in the camps perimeter . The Tigers took full advantage of the gap by swarming into Periyamadu and pushing their way deeper and deeper into SLA territory . Within minutes the Tigers had reached the main military base of Omanthai . They headed straight for the artillery cannons . In heavy hand - to - hand combat , the Tigers took the city , capturing six artillery pieces as well as several armoured vehicles .
Grande Armée slang As with all armed forces throughout history , the French Grande Armée of the Napoleonic Wars used a colorful and extensive vocabulary of slang terms to describe their lives , times and circumstances and express their reactions towards them . This is a partial glossary article meant to supplement the articles on La Grande Armée and Military slang . Providing such information can greatly help the reader to understand and appreciate the lives of these soldiers . There are also a few terms included from the later Armée du Nord included here for the sake of interest and completeness .
HMS L22 HMS " L22 " was a British L class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness . She was laid down on 28 November 1917 and was commissioned on an unknown date . " L22 " was sold on 30 August 1935 in Newport .
HMS Meteor ( 1803 ) HMS " Meteor " was a bomb vessel of the Royal Navy . She was previously the merchant vessel " Sarah Ann " , which the Admiralty purchased in October 1803 . She conducted bombardments at Havre de Grâce , the Dardanelles , and Rosas Bay , on the Catalan coast . She was sold in 1811 . Service . " Meteor " was commissioned in December 1803 under Commander James Masters . In May 1804 Commander Joseph James replaced Masters . She then participated in the bombardments of Le Havre on 23 July 1804 as part of a squadron under Captain R . Dudley Oliver of . At one point during the bombardment " Meteor " had to resupply two of her fellow bomb vessels , and with shells and powder . Over two days the bomb vessels conducted over four hours of bombardment , firing over 500 shells and carcasses into Le Havre and setting fires in the town . " Meteor " shared with the rest of the squadron in the prize money after captured the " Shepherdess " on 21 July , and after " Explosion " captured the " Postilion " on 31 July . Next , and 1 August 1804 , " Meteor " participated in a bombardment of Boulogne . She also participated is several actions off Boulogne . On 13 April 1805 , " Meteor " captured the Kniphausen ship " Brant " . On 30 May 1805 , " Meteor " was in company with when they captured the Prussian sloop " Omnibus " . In October " Meteor " come under the command of James Collins . On 15 November " Meteor " was in company with the gun - brig when they captured the American brig " Venus " . Although details are missing , " Meteor " apparently next participated in an attack on batteries and gun - boats in the Bay of Naples . From about 6 November 1808 on , still under Collins ' s command , " Meteor " took part in the defense of the citadel and Fort Trinidad ( Castell de la Trinitat ) at Rosas Bay in northeastern Spain . She was in company with the Third Rate under Captain John West . Gunfire and bombardment from " Excellent " and " Meteor " helped repel several French attacks , and a landing party of Marines and seamen reinforced the Spanish garrisons . The bomb vessel and the Third Rates and arrived later , with the frigate under Captain Lord Cochrane joining the defense towards the end of November . Despite British assistance , the citadel capitulated to the French on 5 December . Cochrane , seeing that further resistance was useless , blew up the magazines at Trinity Castle and withdrew together with his landing party . In the fighting on 7 and 20 November , eight men on " Meteor " were wounded , one , a Royal Marine gunner , losing both arms . " Meteor " also took on board the Spanish governor , who had been wounded . " Meteor " sailed to the Dalmatian coast , where her boats cut out a privateer . Fate . " Meteor " was paid off into ordinary in June 1810 , and Collins was promoted to post - captain on 21 October 1810 . She was sold on 28 May 1811 .
Strike cruiser A strike cruiser ( proposed hull designator : CSGN ) was a proposal from DARPA on the next generation of cruiser s in the late 1970s . It was to be a guided missile attack cruiser with a displacement of around , armed and equipped with SM - 2 , Harpoon and Tomahawk missiles , an 8 - inch gun , and the Aegis phased array radar system . A prototype strike cruiser was to be the refurbished USS " Long Beach " ( CGN - 9 ) ; at a cost of roughly $ 800 million , however this never came to pass . Originally , eight to a dozen strike cruisers were projected . The cruiser was to have arsenal ship offensive capabilities coupled with Aegis defensive capabilities in a nuclear - powered package . The class would have complemented the Aegis - equipped fleet defense ( DDG - 47 ) version of the " Spruance " class destroyers . After the CSGN cancellation , the Aegis destroyers were expanded into the " Ticonderoga " - class ( CG - 47 ) Aegis cruiser program .