naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Nassau Class Battleship First class of German dreadnoughts , the Nassau had a conservative design , despite the unusual arrangement of the diamond towers . The four fought at Jutland , with the Westfalen night standing out in the fighting against lighter British forces . Description . The " SMS Nassau " was the first German Dreadnought and only slightly larger than the namesake of this category of vessel in the service of Royal Navy . The ship was wearing the latest developments in fire management account , where you could seek safe with larger guns with a greater range . Inside , the furnishings of wood material was increasingly replaced by sheet metal . Further design improvements in the details related to the systemic wall openings ( cable channels , pipe systems ) and emergency equipment ( fire extinguisher , bilge and flood devices ) . Arming . In addition to the now six 28 - cm - Twin towers was retained , however , in contrast to the Royal Navy , a medium artillery of 15 - inch guns at . Plating . Due to the now high explosive power of torpedoes , a completely new kind of torpedo protection was developed , which was retained in all subsequent battleship classes . The thickness of the outer skin is only 12 mm . Behind it was a few meters wide empty space , the outer wall motion . In it was a part of the explosive energy is reduced . Behind a more normal wall , the Wall Gang Schott , was a second room , the inner Wall Gang , who served as coal or oil tank . This was further reduced energy , and ensured a uniform loading of the armored torpedo bulkhead . In the Nassau - class whose wall thickness was 20 mm . German battleships were given by this construction , a relatively large fuselage width .
Battle of Cannanore The Battle of Cannanore took place in 1506 off the harbour of Cannanore in India , between the Indian fleet of the Samorin and a Portuguese fleet under Lourenço de Almeida , son of the Viceroy Almeida . The Indian fleet , consisting of about 200 ships equipped with cannons manufactured with the help of two Milanese Italians , was manned by Hindu , Arab and Turkish crews . Ottoman Empire soldiers were also participating on the Indian side . This encounter ended in a Portuguese victory . It was followed by another Portuguese success in the Siege of Cannanore ( 1507 ) , but then , a Portuguese defeat at the Battle of Chaul in 1508 .
Gaasbeek Castle Gaasbeek Castle ( ) , today a national museum , is located in the municipality of Lennik in the province of Flemish Brabant , Belgium . The fortified castle was erected around 1240 to defend the Duchy of Brabant against the County of Flanders . The castle was destroyed however by Brussels city troops in revenge for the assassination of Everard ' t Serclaes , which was commanded by the Lord of Gaasbeek . At the beginning of the 16th century the Horne family constructed a brick castle on the ruins of the medieval fortress . In 1565 Lamoral , Count of Egmont , acquired the castle and its domain , including feudal rights in 17 surrounding villages . Accused of high treason by Philip II of Spain , the Count of Egmont was beheaded three years later . In the following centuries the castle was inhabited by several noble families . It obtained its pseudo - medieval appearance as the result of a renovation during the years 1887 - 1898 . The works were executed by the architect Charles Albert and ordered by the Marquis d ' Arconati Visconti who owned the castle at that time . His widow Marie Peyrat ( d . 1922 ) donated the castle to the Belgian state , including the art collection and the grounds . Since 1980 the castle has been owned by the Flemish Community ( " Vlaamse Gemeenschap " ) . The castle contains impressive art collections displayed in lavishly decorated historical rooms . A remarkable collection piece is the authentic testament of the famous painter Peter Paul Rubens The castle and its grounds ( a park of 50 hectares or 124 acres ) are open to the public .
Fukuromachi Elementary School Peace Museum The Fukuromachi Elementary School Peace Museum ( 袋町小学校平和資料館 " Fukuromachi Shogakkou Heiwa Shiryokan " ) is a peace museum in Fukuromachi , Naka - ku , Hiroshima , Japan . The school was one of the closest schools to ground zero when the atomic bomb fell on August 6 , 1945 . They lost about 160 students and teachers and the building was heavily damaged . After a few days , the school became a first aid station , and its black burned wall became a message board to find missing people . The Peace Museum is the section of the school building with the basement of the former Municipal Fukuromachi Elementary School in Hiroshima . The school is keeping it as a relic of the atomic explosion , to foster peace , and to send their information to the world .
AN / FPS - 26 Radar The AN / FPS - 26 Radar was a height finder radar used by the United States Air Force Air Defense Command . It was an early application of a concept called " Frequency Diversity " , which took advantage of a tunable output power device ( a 3 - cavity power klystron ) to allow the radar operator to easily and quickly change the frequency of the radar to avoid enemy jamming . ( Earlier generation radar transmitters typically used a magnetron as a high power output generating device ; the output frequency of a magnetron cannot be controlled at will . ) The output power of the transmitter pulse was approximately 5 megawatts . The FPS - 26A antenna was hydraulically driven in azimuth . The hydraulic drive system operated at high pressure levels typical of aircraft hydraulic systems . Azimuth selection made by the radar tactical operator aiming the antenna toward a target of interest . Antenna " nodding " could also be operator controlled , although in practice it was usually left in a default mode . The waveguide that conveyed the high power transmitter pulse to the antenna feedhorn was pressurized with sulfur hexafluoride ( SF ) to maintain a high dielectric . Technicians were warned that a byproduct of waveguide arcing was fluorine , a deadly gas . The radome was inflatable , and needed to maintain a minimum internal pressure at all times in order to avoid contacting the antenna . Radome contact with the antenna , even if the antenna were not in motion , would result in damage to both the radome and the antenna . Technicians entered the pressurized radome via an air lock to access the antenna deck . Avco Corporation built this height - finder radar that operated at a frequency of 5400 to 5900 MHz . This radar deployed in the 1960s . In Operation . This image shows several types of radar systems , operated by several agencies , co - located at a single radar site . The two radars without radomes are US Army FPS - 6 heightfinders ; the radome with an open steel grid support structure is a search radar operated by the Federal Aviation Administration ; the two radars with radomes and white clad support structure are US Air Force FPS - 6A heightfinders ; and the radome in the foreground with dark - clad support structure is a US Air Force FPS - 26A , just completing construction here circa late 1962 . The radar site was located on Fort Lawton , in Seattle , Washington .
Action of 17 March 1917 The Action of 17 March 1917 was a German raid on British shipping in the Strait of Dover as well as the harbours of Ramsgate and Margate . Two flotillas of German torpedo boats set out from the coast of Flanders and split . One group attacked the British drifters and destroyer s patrolling near Goodwin Sands , while the other attacked the towns of Ramsgate and Margate , shelling the towns and shipping in their harbors . While attempting to fight off the German squadron near Goodwin Sands , the destroyers and were torpedoed . " Paragon " was sunk and " Llewellyn " damaged before the Germans withdrew with no casualties .
Stielgranate 41 The Stielgranate 41 stick grenade was a German shaped charge , fin - stabilized shell , used with the 3 . 7 cm Pak 36 anti - tank gun to give it better anti - tank performance . The 3 . 7 cm PaK - 36 , was the standard anti - tank gun of the Wehrmacht in 1940 . During the battle of France in 1940 it had had trouble dealing with thick armour of French and British tanks . In 1941 , when Germany invaded the USSR , the gun was next to useless when confronted with Russian T - 34 or KV - series tanks . It was successively replaced by larger calibre weapons , like the 5 cm PaK 38 , but there were never enough of them , so it was decided to enhance the capability of the PaK 36 by providing it with new ammunition . The design looked like a rifle grenade , only considerably larger . One part of its stem , a stick , was placed inside the gun barrel ; the other part , a perforated tube , fitted around it . On the tube there were four stabilizing fins . It was shot with a special blank cartridge at a velocity of , which gave it maximum range of about ( with gun elevation 25° ) and around 180 m point blank range ( gun elevation 5° ) . It was equipped with two fuzes : in the nose , for direct hits , and in the base , to ensure detonation if the target was only grazed . The large calibre of the HEAT warhead and shaped charge of 2 . 42 kg HE , enabled it to penetrate armour 180 mm thick , enough to defeat any World War II tank . The hit was equally dangerous at any distance , as the shaped - charge effect is not dependent on the velocity of the round at the point of impact . However , due to low velocity the grenade was not very accurate , so the effective range against tanks was around 300 m . Another disadvantage of using " Stielgranate " was that the gun loader had to leave cover , go in front of the gun and place another grenade on the barrel .
Black Brigades Black Brigades ( ) were one of the Fascist paramilitary groups operating in the Italian Social Republic ( in northern Italy ) , during the final years of World War II , and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943 . They were officially led by Alessandro Pavolini , former Minister of Culture ( MINCULPOP ) of the fascist era during the last years of the Reign of Italy . History . Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was arrested after the Italian Grand Council of Fascism ( " Gran Consiglio del Fascismo " ) , with the support of King Vittorio Emanuele III , overthrew him and began negotiations with the Allies for Italy ' s withdrawal from the war . Mussolini was rescued by German paratroopers led by Otto Skorzeny . He was then installed by the Germans as the President of the Italian Social Republic ( RSI ) . The RSI was to be an Italian regime which was to nominally administer the German - occupied northern Italy . As the " Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale " ( MVSN , also known as " Blackshirts " ) was disbanded by the terms of the armistice , the " Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana " was formed on 24 November 1943 . The " Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana " was formed out of local police , ex - army , and others still loyal to the fascist cause . The Black Brigades were formed from members of the Fascist Republican Party . Formation of the Black Brigades was sanctioned by a Fascist Republican Party law dated 30 June 1944 . The brigade members not only fought the Allies and the Italian partisans , but they also fought against political opponents and other Black Brigade members whose support of " the cause " was deemed less than exuberant . Many Black Brigade members were killed in this type of in - fighting . Organization . The Black Brigades were not actually brigade - sized units . The Italian word " brigata " has a looser meaning as a synonym of " group " or " assembly " . The Black Brigades were typically weak battalions or strong companies , each comprising 200 to 300 men . There were 41 territorial brigades . The territorial brigades were numbered 1 through 41 . There were also seven " independent " and eight " mobile " brigades . The mobile brigades were numbered 1 through 7 , plus the Second Arditi Brigade . Uniforms . Members of Black Brigades were issued standard Italian army uniforms , and they tended to wear them with a black turtleneck sweater , which had replaced the original black shirt as the symbol of loyalty to Mussolini . They sometimes wore this uniform with a windproof jacket in solid or camouflage colors . Members of Black Brigades tended to wear the grey - green uniform pants . The badge or insignia of the Black Brigades was the jawless death ' s head , or one of assorted Italian versions . The majority of Black Brigade members wore Italian army ski caps or berets dyed black . Some photos show members also wearing black German - style caps . Some were Italian made , some were supplied by Germany .
USS Mona Island ( ARG - 9 ) USS " Mona Island " ( ARG - 9 ) was laid down on 10 April 1944 , as a Maritime Commission type ( EC2 - S - C1 ) hull , under Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 2634 ) at Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard , Inc . , Baltimore , Maryland . Launched on 11 May 1944 . Acquired by the U . S . Navy from the Maritime Commission and converted to Internal Combustion Engine Repair Ship ( ARG - 9 ) at Maryland Drydock Co , Baltimore , Maryland , and commissioned USS " Mona Island " ( ARG - 9 ) , on 17 October 1944 , CDR K . F . Horne in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay , USS " Mona Island " departed Norfolk , Virginia , 2 December en route to the $ 3 . Six days out of Pearl Harbor , on 18 January 1945 , she effected the rescue of survivors of a crashed Army C 47 transport , en route to Hawaii from the mainland . On the 24th , she arrived at Pearl Harbor , debarked her passengers , and reported to ComServForce , U . S . Pacific Fleet for duty and onward routing . Underway on the 27th , she steamed via the Marshalls to Ulithi , arriving 18 February to become the flagship for MinRon 10 . Between 19 February and 4 April she remained at Ulithi making repairs on vessels in that harbor . On the 5th , she got underway for Kerama Retto , Okinawa , arriving the 10th to commence repairs on the craft which had entered the shallow waters off the prospective invasion beaches to render them safe for the landing forces . Inconvenienced by typhoons and Japanese air attacks . Between 11 April and 7 July repair work on ships alongside and in the harbor was interrupted by 180 air attacks on the harbor . On the latter date " Mona Island " shifted to the island of Okinawa itself , anchoring in Buckner Bay . There , during the remainder of July , work was interrupted by the approach of one typhoon and 21 air attacks ; while the last two weeks of the war brought only air raid alerts . End - of - War operations . " Mona Island " continued her valuable repair services at Buckner Bay until grounded on a reef during a typhoon on 9 October . Ten days later she got underway , towed by the tug , for Guam where temporary repairs to her rudder and screw enabled her to steam , independently , to San Diego , California , 19 November to 11 December . Continuing on from California she transited the Panama Canal once again and headed for New York where repairs were completed . Decommissioning . On 19 March 1946 she steamed down the coast to Norfolk , Virginia , where she decommissioned in June 1947 . She remained at Norfolk as a unit of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until struck from the Navy List on 1 September 1962 . She was transferred in 1962 to the Maritime Administration for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet , James River , Fort Eustis , Virginia . The ship was scuttled as an artificial reef off Wachapreague , Virginia in 1975 .
Battle of Małogoszcz Battle of Małogoszcz took place on February 24 , 1863 , near Małogoszcz in the Holy Cross voivodeship . It was the one of biggest battles of the January Uprising . Polish general Marian Langiewicz began concentrating his forces in the Holy Cross Mountains ; he wanted to attack Warsaw with them , but the Russia ns unveiled his attempts . He was attacked by a few Russian forces simultaneously . Langiewicz defeated them all in many skirmishes . Polish forces grew to 2 , 600 men . Russian colonel Dobrowolski attacked near Małogoszcz . The Russians shelled Polish positions , but their attack was eventually smashed by a Polish cavalry counterattack . Langiewicz ordered a retreat . The battle was indecisive - the Russians failed to annihilate the Polish army and the Polish failed to defend their positions .
Elton Younger Major - General Allan Elton Younger DSO OBE , ( Tony Younger ) ( 4 May 1919 – 5 July 2010 ) was a British soldier and author , Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1974 to 1979 . Background . Younger ' s family has a long military tradition . His father was Brigadier Arthur Allan Shakespear Younger , and his grandfather was Colonel John Younger , Royal Artillery . Education . He was educated at Gresham ' s School , Holt , the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich , and Christ ' s College , Cambridge . Career . He was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1939 and saw active service in World War II , taking part in the Dunkirk evacuation , the Normandy Landings , then later in the Korean War . In 1942 , he took part in trials on the Scottish island of Gruinard to test the potential of anthrax as a weapon . He later said that its lethality compared with chemical weapons was like the difference between TNT and a nuclear bomb . He served in Burma , 1946 – 1947 , Malaya , 1948 , and Korea , 1950 - 1951 . At the start of the Korean War , Younger was given command of 55 Field Squadron , Royal Engineers . From 1954 to 1957 , he taught at Sandhurst , and from 1960 to 1962 commanded 36 Corps Engineer Regiment in the UK and Kenya . He went on to become the Senior Army Member of the Directing Staff at the Royal College of Defence Studies from 1972 to 1975 and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers between 1974 and 1979 .
Pompey Factor Pompey Factor ( 1849 – March 1928 ) was a Black Seminole who served as a United States Army Indian Scout and received America ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Indian Wars of the Western United States . Biography . After having lived in Mexico for the past two decades , Factor and other Black Seminoles joined the US Army as Seminole - Negro Indian Scouts in August 1870 , and served in the Red River War . On April 25 , 1875 , he was serving as a private by the Pecos River in Texas where , " [ w ] ith 3 other men , he participated in a charge against 25 hostiles while on a scouting patrol . " A month later , on May 28 , 1875 , Factor was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the engagement . Two of the other men who took part in the charge , Isaac Payne and John Ward , both Black Seminoles , also received Medals of Honor . Following the fatal shooting of his former fellow scout Adam Paine in early 1877 , Factor deserted and fled back to Mexico . He later surrendered himself and was allowed to rejoin the army , eventually being discharged in November 1880 . Factor died at age 78 or 79 and was buried at the Seminole Indian Scout Cemetery in Brackettville , Texas . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Indian Scouts . Place and date : At Pecos River , Tex . , April 25 , 1875 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Arkansas . Date of issue : May 28 , 1875 . Citation : With 3 other men , he participated in a charge against 25 hostiles while on a scouting patrol .
Vickers Vigilant The Vickers Vigilant was a British MCLOS wire guided anti - tank missile used by the British Army . It was licence - built for the US Marine Corps as Clevite in the USA . History . Vigilant was developed by the Vickers - Armstrongs Guided Weapons Department at Brooklands , Surrey for the anti - tank role in the British Army , the name being formed from " VI " sually " G " uided " I " nfantry " L " ight " AN " ti - Tank missile . Vigilant was wire - guided and optically tracked , like its successor Swingfire . As well as infantry use , it could be mounted on vehicles such as the Ferret armoured car and Land Rovers . Description . The missile system could be deployed in a number of configurations . The man - portable configuration consists of a launcher which doubles up as a transport container , a combined sight and controller , a battery and a 63 meter long cable . An optional Missile Selector Box allowed up to 6 missiles to be controlled by , and widely separated from , a single sight controller . The launcher box is placed on the ground facing the direction of expected targets , and then connected by the cable to the sight controller , which can be deployed some distance away . The sight controller is a pistol grip design , with two grips . The front grip has the launch trigger , and the rear grip has a thumb joystick for steering the missile . A low - magnification ( 3 . 2x ) monocular forms the sight itself . Engraved stadia lines allow simple ranging , based on a typical tank target bridging the lines once in range . The operator tracks the target using the sight mechanism , then launches the missile using the front trigger . Once the missile is in flight , he steers the missile into his line of sight using the thumb joystick . The missile ' s auto pilot uses a gyroscope to maintain a straight flightpath directly away from the launch point , compensating for any wind buffeting . When the operator moves the joystick , the missile applies a steering correction in the appropriate direction , once the joystick is released the opposite correction is applied automatically , keeping the missile travelling directly away from the launch point . Vigilant has a reputation for ease of control and high success with minimal operator training . This was largely due to the ' velocity control ' method of Vigilant , relying on gyroscopes , rather than the simpler ' acceleration control ' of competing missiles such as Entac or SS . 11 . The missile reaches its maximum range of 1 , 375 meters in 12 . 5 seconds . In testing the missiles shaped charge warhead penetrated 576 millimeters of armour of 30 to 35 HRC .
List of Vietnam War flying aces The following is a list of flying ace s of the Vietnam War . Cunningham and Ritchie were the only American pilot aces of the Vietnam War . The other three were Weapon Systems Officers ( Air Force ) or Radar Intercept Officers ( Navy ) .
Christopher Raible Lieutenant Colonel Christopher " Otis " K . Raible ( c1972 – September 14 , 2012 ) was a Naval aviator and the commanding officer of Marine Attack Squadron 211 ( VMA - 211 ) in Afghanistan . He died in the September 2012 Camp Bastion raid . Armed with only his military issued handgun he led Marines to counter insurgents and was ultimately killed by enemy combatants . Private life . Raible was raised in Irwin , Pennsylvania . He attended Norwin High School and graduated in 1990 . He then went to Kent State University before transferring to Carnegie Mellon University and graduating with a degree in civil engineering in 1995 . He was married to Donella and had three children aged 2 , 9 and 11 . Military career . Raible qualified on the Harrier AV - 8B in September 1999 . His awards included the Meritorious Service Medal , Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal , Air Medal - Strike / Flight ( numeral 10 ) , Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal ( second award ) , Air Medal - Individual Action , Afghanistan Campaign Medal , Iraq Campaign Medal , Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal , National Defense Service Medal ( second award ) , and NATO Service Medal - International Security Assistance Force . Raible had been in the Marine Corps for 17 years .