naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thomas Byrne ( VC ) Thomas Byrne , ( December 1866 Dublin – 15 March 1944 ) was an Irish British Army soldier . He was the recipient of the Victoria Cross ( VC ) , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was about 17 years old , and a private in the 21st Lancers ( Empress of India ' s ) , British Army during the Sudan Campaign when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : On 2 September 1898 at the Battle of Omdurman , Sudan , Private Byrne turned back in the middle of the charge of the 21st Lancers and went to the assistance of a lieutenant of the Royal Horse Guards who was wounded , dismounted , disarmed and being attacked by several Dervishes . Private Byrne already wounded , attacked these Dervishes , received a second severe wound and by his gallant conduct enabled the officer to escape . Further information . He later served in the Second Boer War . He died at Canterbury , Kent on 15 March 1944 . He is buried at West Gate Cemetery , Canterbury , in Roman Catholic Section MJ . Grave 22 . References . Listed in order of publication year External links . city
Vicente Ramón Roca Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez ( 2 September 1792 – 23 February 1858 ) was President of Ecuador from 8 December 1845 to 15 October 1849 . He was a member of the Liberal Party . He led the revolution that overthrew Juan José Flores , along with José Joaquín de Olmedo and Diego Noboa . He ruled under the Constitution of 1845 .
6th Battalion , 14th Field Artillery ( United States ) The 6th Battalion , 14th Field Artillery Regiment ( United States ) was a field artillery battalion of the United States Army . The unit nickname follows the 14th Field Artillery nickname " Warbonnets " with the motto " " Ex Hoc Signo Victoria " " ( Victory By This Sign ) Unit Assignment . Constituted 1 July 1916 in the Regular Army as Battery F , 14th Field Artillery . Inactivated 16 January 1988 in Germany and relieved from assignment to the 1st Armored Division . Inactivated 1 September 1921 at Fort Sill , Oklahoma . Lineage . Activated 1 December 1934 at Fort Snelling , Minnesota . Inactivated 1 July 1939 at Fort Snelling , Minnesota . ( 14th Field Artillery relieved 16 October 1939 from assignment to the 7th Division . ) Activated 15 July 1940 Fort Benning , Georgia , as an element of the 2d Armored Division . Absorbed 8 January 1942 by Battery C , 14th Armored Field Artillery Battalion . ( Battery C , 14th Field Artillery , reorganized and redesignated 8 January 1942 as Battery C , 14th Armored Field Artillery Battalion . ) Former Battery F , 14th Field Artillery , reconstituted I April 1957 in the Regular Army and redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery , 6th Battalion , 14th Artillery . Activated 15 April 1963 at Fort Sill , Oklahoma ( organic elements constituted 27 February 1963 and 15 April 1963 ) . Battalion inactivated 4 December 1970 at Fort Lewis , Washington . Redesignated I September 1971 as the 6th Battalion 14th Field Artillery . Assigned 13 September 1972 to the 1st Armored Division and activated in Germany . Inactivated 16 January 1988 in Germany and relieved from assignment to the 1st Armored Division .
Military Railway Service ( United States ) The Military Railway Service was created in the 1920s as a reserve force for the Quartermaster Division of the United States Army . It previously was around twice ; first it was set up by President Lincoln during the American Civil War , and then a second time during the Great War or World War One . In the original documentation for the service , all Class I railroad companies were to create a battalion for the war effort . In doing so , a total of 11 Grand Divisions were formed and a total of 46 operating battalions were assigned ; however , five were never activated . History . Each railway operating battalion was established with four companies . The HQ company was the headquarters and was used for signaling , dispatching , and supplying their section of the railway . The A company was set up to handle the maintenance of tracks themselves , the B company handled the maintenance of the rolling stock through the stations , and the C company was set up with roughly 50 men to operate the trains in their area . As for the Grand Division it was established with multiple operating battalions and then a shop battalion and a base depot company . The shop battalion was only to work on the engines themselves . During the war , there were two types of shop battalions . The main type at the start was the steam engine battalion ; however there was a few diesel shop battalions . In the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , the 1st and 2nd Military Railway Service ( MRS ) was used to control supply by rail in this theater . The 1st was assigned to the Mediterranean with Italy , North Africa , and Southern France as its main areas of operations . The 2nd was assigned Northern France to Germany . By 1942 , the first units started to be shipped out . Besides units for the Persian Gulf Command and North Africa , the 761st Operating for England and for Alaska 770th Operating was shipped out . Another MRS was established to handle the supplies sent to Russia through Iran ( Persia ) . The 3rd MRS was set up using the 702nd with the 711th Operating , 730th Operating , 754th Shop , and 762nd Diesel Shop battalions as its core units . Initial Command was under the 702nd Grand Division which by the April of 1944 it was replaced by the 3rd MRS . The 702nd and initial 3rd MRS commander was Col Paul Yount when in May 1944 he was sent east to assist the China Burma India thearte and Col . Frank S . Besson , Jr . , was tasked to take over the 3rd MRS . The 1st MRS was led by Brig General Carl R . Gray , Jr . , an executive from the Chicago , St . Paul , Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad , who was the son of Carl R . Gray , Sr . , the former president of multiple railways in the United States , including the Union Pacific . The battalions under his command included the 701st , 703rd , 704th , 713th , 715th , 719th , 727th , 753rd , 759th , and the 760th . List of Railway Shop Battalions . Note : The 760th and 762d were RSB ( Diesel ) ; all others were RSB ( Steam ) .
HMS Bergamot ( 1917 ) HMS " Bergamot " was an " Anchusa " - class sloop of the Royal Navy , which had a short career during World War I . Built by Armstrong Whitworth , the ship was laid down on 1 January 1917 , launched on 5 May , and commissioned on 5 June . Two months later , on 13 August 1917 , she was sunk in the Atlantic west of the harbour of Killybegs by the German submarine , commanded by Walter Rohr . His war diary describes how he sighted a lone merchant ship , with no defensive armament ( an unusual sight by 1917 ) . " Bergamot " evidently sighted the U - boat ' s periscope , as she began to zig - zag at high speed . " U - 84 " fired one torpedo — which hit — and " Bergamot " sank in 4 minutes . Surfacing , " U - 84 " sighted an unusually large number of crew ( 70 ) and pieces of wood floating . The U - boat ' s log identifies the possibility of " Bergamot " being a " trap ship " . After a brief search of the area , in which no officers could be identified , the light diminished too much , and " U - 84 " left the area to continue her patrol . An interesting note is that the week before , " Bergamot " had experimented with towing a submerged submarine — — thus resurrecting a 1915 method of trapping submarines . References .
William McKnight William McKnight ( May 3 , 1842 – November 4 , 1914 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the American Civil War . During the Civil War , William McKnight served in the U . S . Navy as a Coxswain . On April 24 , 1862 , as a gun captain on board , he participated in combat against Confederate ships as the Federal fleet fought its way past the fortifications protecting the approaches to New Orleans , Louisiana . For his conduct during this event , Coxswain McKnight was awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Citation : Captain of a gun on board the U . S . S . " Varuna " during the attacks on Forts Jackson and St . Philip and in action against the rebel ship , 24 April 1862 . During this action at extremely close range , while his ship was under furious fire and was twice rammed by the rebel ship " Morgan " , McKnight remained steadfast at his gun throughout the thickest of the fight and was instrumental in inflicting damage on the enemy until the " Varuna " , so badly damaged that she was forced to beach , was finally sunk .
USS Capodanno ( FF - 1093 ) USS " Capodanno " ( FF 1093 ) was the 42nd Knox class frigate in the United States Navy . It was named after Fr . Vincent Capodanno , recipient of the Medal of Honor . Decommissioned on 30 July 1993 , the " Capodanno " was subsequently leased to Turkey where she was recommissioned as TCG " Muavenet " ( F - 250 ) . Stricken from the Navy list on 11 January 1995 , the " Capodanno " was finally sold to Turkey on 22 February 2002 . The ship was removed from active service in 2012 .
Roma ( airship ) Roma was an Italian semi - rigid airship , originally designated the T - 34 . It was purchased by the United States from the Italian government for $ 250 , 000 in 1921 . It served in the US Army until February 21 , 1922 , when it crashed in Norfolk , Virginia . It was the last hydrogen filled airship used by the US ; all future ships were filled with helium . Design and development . The Roma was designed by Celestino Usuelli , the engineers Eugenio Prassone , Umberto Nobile and Colonel Gaetano Arturo Crocco . It was the first project of the " Stabilimento Costruzioni Aeronautiche " ( " Aeronautical Construction Factory " ) , as the partnership of Umberto Nobile , Usuelli , Giuseppe Valle and Bennetto Croce was known . The T - 34 was designed for trans - Atlantic crossings . It was the largest semi - rigid airship in the world . As a semi - rigid design it was built about a rigid keel - though the keel was partially articulated to allow some flexibility . The passenger spaces and control cabin were within the keel . The engines , 400 hp Ansaldo s were mounted outside , angled such that the slipstreams would not interfere with each other . Service . In September 1920 " Roma " made a trial flight . After purchase by the US , in March 1921 the " Roma " flew the 300 miles from Rome to Naples and back carrying the US Ambassador . After transportation to the US , " Roma " flew on 15 November 1921 with minor problems . Crash . The " Roma " crashed in Norfolk , Virginia during test flights on February 21 , 1922 . The crash was believed to be caused by failure of the Roma ' s box rudder system , which allowed it to maneuver over tight areas . The ship contacted high voltage lines , and burst into flames . 34 people were killed , 8 were injured , and 3 escaped unharmed . Among the dead was the airship ' s pilot , Captain Dale Mabry . The event marked the greatest disaster in American aeronautics to that time .
Walter Churchill Group Captain Walter Myers Churchill DSO DFC ( 24 November 1907 – 27 August 1942 ) was a Royal Air Force pilot during World War II . He was a brother of Captain Peter Churchill DSO Croix de Guerre , and Major Oliver Churchill DSO MC , both of whom were SOE officers during World War II . Early life . His father was William Algernon Churchill ( 1865 – 1947 ) a British Consul who served in Mozambique , Amsterdam , Pará , in Brazil , Stockholm , Milan , and Algiers . His father was also an art connoisseur , and author of what is still the standard reference work on early European paper and papermaking " Watermarks in Paper " . His mother was Violet Churchill ( née Myers ) . Walter was born in Amsterdam in 1907 and was educated at Sedbergh School and Cambridge University where he read Engineering after which he started an aviation precision engineering company Churchill Components ( Coventry ) Ltd in 1937 The company worked for Sir Frank Whittle , the jet - engine pioneer , and it machined compressor blades for the gas - turbine engines in the early 1940s . Royal Air Force . Churchill was commissioned as a Pilot Officer in the Auxiliary Air Force on 11 January 1932 and appointed to No . 605 ( County of Warwick ) Squadron . He was promoted to Flight Lieutenant in June 1937 and transferred from the AAF to the Auxiliary Air Force Reserve of Officers in January 1939 . He was recalled to 605 Squadron and full - time service in August 1939 . Churchill later served with 3 Squadron and 71 ( Eagle ) Squadron , and took part in the Battle of Britain as a Squadron Leader . He was subsequently promoted to Wing Commander , then Group Captain . He was an ‘ ace ’ pilot credited with seven ‘ kills ’ and was awarded a Distinguished Service Order and a Distinguished Flying Cross . He also evaluated various makes of fighter aircraft for the RAF , and played a key role in getting Spitfire aircraft to the defence of Malta . In August 1942 he was stationed in Malta as Group Captain and on 27 August was killed in action while leading a raid in a Spitfire on Biscari airfield near Gela in southern Sicily . His company continued under the management of his wife , Joyce , and subsequently by his second son , James . The company is now known as J . J . Churchill Ltd . and is currently managed by James ' s son , Andrew . Bibliography . Cull , Brian . " Spitfires over Malta - The Epic Air Battles of 1942 " . London : Grub Street , 2005 . ISBN 1 - 904943 - 30 - 6 .
Yoshihide Hayashi Career . A native of Wakayama Prefecture , Hayashi was a graduate of the 26th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1914 , and of the 35th class of the Army Staff College in 1923 . At the outset of the Second Sino - Japanese War , he was assigned to the Kwantung Army , and was on the planning team for the successful Operation Chahar in northern China . From 1938 - 1940 , Hayashi served with the garrison forces in Taiwan . In 1940 , during the preparations for the invasion of Southeast Asia , Hayashi was put in command of the Taiwan Army Research Section , tasked with investigating issues with tropical warfare . He was promoted to major general in 1941 . From 1941 - 1942 , Hayashi was Vice Chief of Staff of the IJA 14th Area Army . He was given a field command in 1943 , when he was assigned command of the IJA 54th Division . In 1943 - 5 , Hayashi was commander of the IJA 24th Independent Mixed Brigade in Burma . He became commander of the IJA 53rd Division in Burma in 1945 . He was promoted to lieutenant - general in 1945 . After the surrender of Japan , he was held for investigation of possible war crimes and incarcerated at Manila , Philippines until July 1953 .
Färit Yarullin Yarullin Färit Zahidulla ulı ( pronounced ) aka Färit Yarullin ; Tatar Cyrillic : Яруллин Фәрит Заһидулла улы ; , Yarullin Farid Zagidullovich ; 1914 – 1943 ) was a Tatar composer , the creator of the first Tatar ballet , " Şüräle " . His works include chamber music , romances , songs and arrangement of folk music . He participated in World War II and was killed in action in 1943 . In 1958 , fifteen years after his death , he became a Ğabdulla Tuqay TASSR State Prize laureate .
USS Diver ( ARS - 5 ) USS Diver ( ARS - 5 ) was an " Diver " - class rescue and salvage ship commissioned by the U . S . Navy for service in World War II . She was responsible for coming to the aid of stricken vessels . " Diver " ( ARS - 5 ) was launched 19 December 1942 by Basalt Rock Company in Napa , California ; sponsored by Mrs . F . M . Young ; and commissioned 23 October 1943 , Lieutenant A . T . Terrio in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . " Diver " arrived at Falmouth , England , from Norfolk , Virginia , 15 February 1944 . After 3 days of salvage training operations at Rosneath Bay , Scotland , she reported to Portland , England , 27 March , for preparations for the coming invasion of Normandy . Assisting during the Normandy invasion . On 26 June she got underway for Baie de la Seine , France , where she was attached to the Salvage , Wreck Disposal , Mine Disposal , and Hydrographic Survey Unit . She rescued 30 survivors of the Norwegian freighter " SS Norfolk " , sunk by mine while on her way to Cherbourg on 20 July and 21 July , then reported for salvage operations at Utah beach and Omaha beach . She arrived at Le Havre 11 November to continue her salvage work . Sailing to aid a torpedo ed British transport 28 December " Diver " struck an unmarked submerged obstacle and returned to Le Havre for emergency repairs . Permanent repairs were made at Dieppe , from 6 January to 21 January 1945 , after which " Diver " returned to Le Havre to continue her salvage work . Duty in Germany . " Diver " sailed for Bremerhaven , Germany , 15 June 1945 , by way of Ostend , Belgium , and Den Helder , the Netherlands . From her arrival 22 June she served as guard , ready duty , salvage , and local escort vessel . On 23 August she moved to Brake , Germany , to stand by for any damage to shipping in the Weser River . She left Bremerhaven 4 October with 41 naval passengers and arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , 22 October for overhaul . Clearing New York harbor . From 9 February to 16 February 1946 , " Diver " was at New York to assist in relieving the harbor congestion caused by a tugboat strike . She served on towing duty between New London , Connecticut , and Portsmouth , New Hampshire , from 18 April to 13 May . Post - war decommissioning . On 27 May she arrived at Orange , Texas , where she was decommissioned , 27 July 1946 . Diver was sold 12 April 1949 . Military awards and honors . " Diver " received one battle star for World War II service : Her crew was eligible for the following medals :
Arno H . Luehman Arno H . Luehman ( 1911 – December 5 , 1989 ) was a major general in the United States Air Force . Luehman was born in Milwaukee , Wisconsin in 1911 . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1934 . During World War II , he served as Chief of Staff of Operations of the Third Air Force and as Chief of Staff of the Thirteenth Air Force . Following the war , he was assigned to work on Operation Crossroads . Later , he held a number of military positions in the United Nations . In 1949 , he entered the National War College . Following graduation , he served as Deputy Director of Information of the Air Force before becoming Vice Commander of the Air University and Commandant of the Air War College . His retirement was effective as of September 1 , 1966 . He died on December 5 , 1989 .
HMS Echo ( H23 ) HMS " Echo was an E - class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service in the Atlantic , Arctic and Mediterranean theatres during World War II , before being transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy in 1944 , and renamed Navarinon " , until scrapped in 1956 . Service history . " Echo " had a small role in the film " Q Planes " , released in March 1939 . In January 1940 " Echo " was deployed with the 12th Flotilla at Scapa Flow for minelayer escort and patrol duties . In May she was deployed to support military operations in Norway . In August she escorted ships of the 1st Minelaying Squadron on several operations , and on the 28th was detached for duty with the Free French expedition to Dakar ( Operation Menace ) . After the operation was abandoned on 25 September she escorted the damaged battleship to Freetown , and " Echo " was retained there for local convoy defence , not rejoining the Flotilla until the end of October . On 21 May " Echo " , and five other destroyers , were deployed as the escort to the battlecruiser and battleship on their way to the Denmark Strait , during the search for the German warships and . In 25 May , the day after the Battle of the Denmark Strait , " Echo " escorted the damaged " Prince of Wales " to Iceland . At the end of July she was deployed in the destroyer screen of " Force P — the carriers and and the cruisers and — during the raid on Kirkenes and Petsamo . From mid - August she was refitted at the Harland and Wolff shipyard at North Woolwich , rejoining the Flotilla on 4 November . From 8 December she and provided the screen for the cruiser escorting the Russian Convoy PQ 6 to Kola Inlet . On arrival on the 19th " Echo " was detached to escort a Russian merchant ship to Murmansk . She was attacked by two German Ju 88 bombers , but spared by the timely arrival of Russian Hurricane fighters and " Edinburgh " . She then escorted the return Convoy QP 4 , arriving back at Scapa Flow on 10 January 1942 . " Echo " returned to Scapa Flow to provide anti - submarine defence for convoys between the UK and Iceland . On mid - June she began a refit in a Humber shipyard , returning to Scapa Flow on 22 August to join the 8th Destroyer Flotilla . On 2 September she was deployed to support Russian Convoy PQ 18 . Further Arctic convoy duty followed , escorting returning Convoy QP 15 in November , then Convoy JW 51A in December 1942 , and Convoy JW 52 in January 1943 . In February " Echo " began a refit at a Humber shipyard , rejoining the 8th Destroyer Flotilla in June , and sailing for Gibraltar on the 17th . In early July the Flotilla sailed to Alexandria to prepare for Operation Husky — the Allied invasion of Sicily . On July 13 , 1943 , with the help of " Ilex " , she sank Italian submarine Nereide south east of the Straits of Messina . On arrival on 16 September she was immediately re - deployed to support operations to reoccupy islands in the Aegean . The next day she and attacked the German " Unterseebootsjager UJ - 2104 " off Stampalia , which was beached and abandoned by her crew .