naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Theodore Branas Theodore Branas or Vranas ( , " Theodōros Branas " ) was a general under the Byzantine Empire and afterwards under the Latin Empire of Constantinople . He is called Li Vernas by western chroniclers of the Fourth Crusade , including Geoffroi de Villehardouin . Theodore was the son of general Alexios Branas and of Anna Komnene Vatatzina . He was probably born in Adrianople , where his family held hereditary lands . In 1193 , according to the chronicler Alberic of Trois - Fontaines , Theodore became the lover of the dowager empress Anna , then aged 22 ; they did not marry because in marrying a commoner she would have lost her dowry . She was the daughter of King Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne , and the sister of Philip II of France ; she had originally come to Constantinople to be betrothed to Alexios II Komnenos , but Alexios was murdered by his co - emperor and regent Andronikos I Komnenos in 1183 . She was then married to Andronikos , and was widowed on his violent death in 1185 . Theodore fought with limited success under Isaac II Angelos . Together with John Petraliphas , Michael Kantakouzenos and others , he was involved in the successful plot to replace Isaac with his brother Alexios III Angelos in 1195 . He fought against various enemies under Alexios III . He was prominent in the initial defence of Constantinople against the Fourth Crusade , in 1202 – 1203 . Theodore and Anna married , on the urging of the Latin Emperor Baldwin I of Constantinople , immediately after the establishment of the Latin Empire in summer 1204 . They had at least one daughter , who married Narjot de Toucy . For several years after 1204 Theodore , and presumably Anna , were of invaluable assistance to the Empire . Theodore was one of the few notable Greeks to offer it his immediate support , and received the title of " Caesar " in return . He acted as an ambassador to Henry of Flanders when the Greeks of Adrianople and Demotica wished to break their alliance from Kaloyan of Bulgaria and seek the protection of their cities by the Latins . Theodore was Lord of Adrianople and Apros ( known to the Latins as Naples or Napoli ) . The last record of him is in 1219 , when , like his son - in - law Narjot de Toucy , he briefly governed Constantinople .
Hans Dammers Hans Dammers ( 8 August 1913 – 17 March 1944 ) was a German World War II fighter ace and was credited with 113 aerial victories , with 23 unconfirmed claims . During his numerous ground attack missions he destroyed 11 aircraft , 8 locomotives , 39 horse - drawn wagons , 34 trucks , 3 anti - aircraft emplacements and 1 armoured reconnaissance vehicle . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Following the launch of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941 Dammers was credited with 48 kills as part of Jagdgeschwader 52 ( JG 52 — 52nd Fighter Wing ) . His first victory of 1942 — a MiG - 1 — occurred on 13 May followed by a Pe - 2 bomber on 28 May . On 17 July 1942 Dammers ( flying Bf 109 G - 2 " Werknummer " 13435 — factory number ) and his wingman " Unteroffizier " Kurt Keiser jumped Soviet Yak - 1 pilot ( then " Starshiy Leytenant " ) Aleksandr Pokryshkin , but the future second highest scoring Soviet ace managed to shoot both down . Keiser was killed and Dammers bailed out . He resumed his successes , shooting down two LaGG - 3 s on 28 July , and on 6 August 1942 he claimed an I - 153 biplane fighter and two LaGG - 3s . Dammers had 57 victories when he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 August 1942 . Dammers ' Bf 109 G - 6 ( " Werknummer " 20162 ) " yellow 9 " was struck on 13 March 1944 by debris from a shot down Lavochkin La - 5 . Dammers bailed out but his parachute got caught on his wing . Dammers succumbed to his injuries and died in hospital on 17 March 1944 in Stanislau . He was posthumously promoted to Leutnant .
Small Wars Manual The Small Wars Manual is a United States Marine Corps manual on tactics and strategies for engaging in certain types of military operations . The Marine Corps ' role in small wars has a long and complex history . During the early years of the 20th century , the Corps was widely viewed as the nation ' s overseas police and initial response force . Moreover , the actual execution of these roles were a natural adjunct of the Corps ' officially directed mission of sea - based power projection , in turn buttressed by its fundamental expeditionary operational character ; i . e . , the availability for " sudden and immediate call " . As a result of this " natural fit " and the experience of a series of guerrilla wars and military interventions in Central America and the Caribbean from the late 1890s through the early 1930s , loosely known as the Banana Wars , the Marine Corps began to systematically analyze the character and requirements of operations short of war proper , or " Small Wars " . Major S . M . Harrington of the Marine Corps Schools delivered a formal report " The Strategy and Tactics of Small Wars " in 1921 . In addition , Major C . J . Miller wrote an 154 page report on the 2nd Marine Brigade ' s operations in the Dominican Republic titled " Diplomacy and Spurs in the Dominican Republic " in 1923 . Versions of these and other reports were serialized in " The Marine Corps Gazette " and additional articles on the subject appeared in " The Marine Corps Gazette " and the " Proceedings of the U . S . Naval Institute " . The results of these efforts were encapsulated in the manual " Small Wars Operations " in 1935 . For the 1940 revision , it was renamed The " Small Wars Manual " ( SWM ) . A classic of military science , it remains relevant today as the foundation of much current thinking and doctrine . It was encouraged reading by James Mattis for the 1st Marine Division in preparation for the Corps ' s return to the Iraq War as an occupation force .
144th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 144th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between March 6 and August 5 , 1865 , during the American Civil War . Service . The regiment was organized at Indianapolis , Indiana , with a strength of 1 , 036 men and mustered in on March 6 , 1865 . The 144th was composed of companies raised in the 2nd district and it left Indiana for Harper ' s Ferry , West Virginia , on March 9 . The regiment was attached to the 1st Brigade , 1st Provisional Division , Army of the Shenandoah . Duty was performed at Halltown and Charleston , West Virginia , prior to serving in Winchester , Stevenson ' s Depot and Opequon Creek , Virginia until early August . The regiment was mustered out on August 5 , 1865 . During its service the regiment incurred forty - six fatalities , another nineteen deserted and one unaccounted for .
Israel Harding Israel Harding VC ( 21 October 1833 – 22 May 1917 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Harding was 48 years old , and a gunner in the Royal Navy during the 1882 Anglo - Egyptian War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 11 July 1882 at Alexandria , Egypt , HMS " Alexandra " , with other ships , was bombarding the forts of the city and suffering damage and casualties from the enemy ' s guns . During the engagement a 10 - inch shell passed through the ship ' s side and lodged on the main deck . Gunner Harding , hearing a shout that there was a live shell just above the hatchway ( which led to the magazine ) rushed up from below , picked it up and flung it into a tub of water . Had the shell burst it would probably have caused many deaths . Further information . He later achieved the rank of chief gunner . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum in London .
Aichi AB - 3 The Aichi AB - 3 was a Japan ese ship - board reconnaissance floatplane of the 1930s . The AB - 3 , a single - seat , single - engined biplane was designed to equip a light cruiser being built in Japan for the Chinese navy , a single aircraft being accepted by the Chinese . Development and design . In 1928 , the Republic of China Navy , keen to modernise its obsolete fleet , placed orders for a class of two light cruisers , the " Ning Hai " class , to be designed in Japan , with the lead ship to be built at the Harima shipyard in Japan , and the second ship , with Japanese help , in China . The ships were designed to carry two small seaplanes each , with a small hangar being provided for a folded aircraft , and the Japanese Navy placed an order with Aichi for a single seat floatplane to equip these ships . Aichi ' s designer , Tetsuo Miki based his design on his Aichi AB - 2 two seat floatplane which was under design for the Imperial Japanese Navy , producing a small single - seat biplane of mixed wood and metal construction with single - bay wings , powered by a 130 hp ( 97 kW ) Gasuden Jimpu radial engine . It had twin floats , and had detachable wings to aid storage aboard ship . The prototype AB - 3 was completed in January 1932 , and when flown for the first time in February that year proved to have excellent performance , exceeding the specification in all ways . Operational history . The prototype was accepted by the Chinese navy , but no further production ensued , the Chinese instead building a similar aircraft of local design , the Naval Air Establishment Ning Hai , powered by the same engine that powered the AB - 3 .
Minister of Defence ( Finland ) The Minister of Defence ( , ) is a member of the Finnish Council of State . As the head of the Ministry of Defence , the minister is responsible for the administration of national defence . The ministry is headquartered in Helsinki . The current Minister of Defence is Carl Haglund . From June to November 1918 the post was called Chief of the War Department , and from then until 1922 the post was called the Minister of War . The President of the Republic is the commander - in - chief of the Finnish Defence Force s . The commander of the military forces is the Chief of Defence .
Reidar Waaler Reidar Waaler ( February 12 , 1894 – February 5 , 1979 ) was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I . Biography . Waaler was born in Norway on February 12 , 1894 and died February 5 , 1979 . He is buried in Forest Hills Memorial Park and Mausoleum Palm City , Florida . His grave can be found in the NEAGS section , row A , lot 5 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Army , Company A , 105th Machine - Gun Battalion , 27th Division . Place and date : Near Ronssoy , France , 27 September 1918 . Entered service at : New York , N . Y . Birth : Norway . G . O . No . . 5 , W . D . , 1920 . Citation : In the face of heavy artillery and machinegun fire , he crawled forward to a burning British tank , in which some of the crew were imprisoned , and succeeded in rescuing 2 men . Although the tank was then burning fiercely and contained ammunition which was likely to explode at any time , this soldier immediately returned to the tank and , entering it , made a search for the other occupants , remaining until he satisfied himself that there were no more living men in the tank .
Archibald Henderson Archibald Henderson ( January 21 , 1783 – January 6 , 1859 ) was the longest - serving Commandant of the Marine Corps , serving from 1820 to 1859 . His name is learned by all recruits at Marine recruit training ( Boot Camp ) to be known as the " Grand old man of the Marine Corps , " serving in the United States Marine Corps for 53 years . Biography . Born in Colchester , Fairfax County , Virginia to successful merchant Alexander Henderson , Archibald Henderson was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 4 June 1806 and served aboard USS " Constitution " during his famous victories in the War of 1812 . He participated in several shipboard engagements and was decorated for bravery . He was brevetted a major in 1814 . From 16 September 1818 to 2 March 1819 , Henderson was the acting Commandant . On 17 October 1820 , at the age of 37 , LtCol Henderson was appointed as the Commandant of the Marine Corps . He served in this position for a little over 38 years — the longest of any officer to hold that position . Henderson is credited with thwarting attempts by President Andrew Jackson to combine the Marine Corps with the Army in 1829 . Instead , Congress passed the " Act for the Better Organization of the Marine Corps " in 1834 , ensuring the Marines would remain part of the United States Department of the Navy . He was promoted to colonel the same year . He went into the field as Commandant during the Indian campaigns in Florida and Georgia during 1836 and 1837 , and was promoted brevet brigadier general in 1843 for his actions during these campaigns . Tradition holds that he pinned a note to his door that read , " Gone to Florida to fight the Indians . Will be back when the war is over . " Marines also fought during the Mexican - American War during his tenure as Commandant . The sword presented to Henderson upon completion of the action was inscribed with the words , " From the Halls of Montezuma , to the Shores of Tripoli " giving the opening words to the Marines ' hymn . General Henderson died suddenly on 6 January 1859 . He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery . According to Marine lore , the Colonel Commandant had attempted to will his home — actually government - provided quarters in which he had lived for 38 years — to his heirs , having forgotten that they were government owned . USS " Henderson " ( AP - 1 ) , and Henderson Hall Barracks were named for him .
Jan Rodowicz Jan Rodowicz codename : Anoda ( b . March 7 , 1923 in Warsaw - January 7 , 1949 in Warsaw , Poland ) was a Polish Scoutmaster ( podharcmistrz ) , First Lieutenant of the AK - Szare Szeregi . During the German occupation of Poland in World War II Rodowicz was member of Wawer and the Grupy Szturmowe ( Assault Groups ) of the Szare Szeregi . He took part in several sabotage actions against the German forces , among others in the so - called Arsenal action on March 26 , 1943 . During the Warsaw Uprising he was second - in - commander of the " III platoon " Felek " , 2 . company " Rudy " " of the Batalion Zośka . In December 1948 he was arrested by the communist Ministry of Public Security of Poland and died on January 7 , 1949 . He was tortured and beaten to death .
USS Helena ( PG - 9 ) The USS " Helena " ( PG - 9 ) was a gunboat of the United States Navy . She participated in the Spanish - American War , and served in the Far East for many years . The ( PG - 9 ) was the first of five Navy vessels named after the capital city of Montana . The gunboat was launched by the Newport News Shipbuilding Co . , Newport News , Virginia , on 30 January 1896 . And she was sponsored by Agnes Belle Steele , daughter of the mayor of the city of Helena ; commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 8 July 1897 , with Commander William T . Swinburne in command . In the Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute for that year , it was written : Service history . Spanish - American War . The " Helena " s first assignment was with the North Atlantic Fleet , cruising primarily in home waters . During the Spanish - American War , she stood by in the Cuban waters , where she saw action several times . On 2 – 3 July 1898 , she exchanged fire with enemy batteries at Fort Tunas . On 18 July , she was part of the squadron that closed the port of Manzanillo , sinking or destroying eight small vessels there during a vigorous attack . Philippine - American War . The great problem facing the United States at the close of the Spanish - American War was the Philippine - American War . To aid in suppressing this rebellion , the " Helena " sailed from Boston on 3 November 1898 , bound for duty on the Asiatic Squadron , via the Suez Canal , arriving at the Philippines on 10 February 1899 . On 21 May , she was present at the evacuation of Jolo by the Spanish , and the landing of the American troops to replace them . During June , she stood by with other vessels in Manila Bay to support the Army during its offensive south of Manila into the Cavite Province . One of her landing parties brought troops ashore in an assault that carried the strong defenses along the Zapote River on 13 June . On 7 November , the " Helena " bombarded San Fabian in Lingayen Gulf , and covered the landing of 2 , 500 troops there , on the same beaches that would again be stormed by US troops 45 years later . Post - war service . The " Helena " remained in the Far East for the rest of her naval service , engaged in protecting American lives and interests . She served in the Chinese waters from October 1900 - December 1902 , then returned to the Philippines until March 1903 , when she sailed back to the China coast . In December 1904 , she moored once more at Cavite in the Philippines , where she was placed out of commission on 19 April 1905 . The " Helena " was recommissioned on 16 July 1906 , and cruised on the Asiatic Station until June 1907 . From that time on , with intervals for overhaul , " Helena " served both with the South China patrol and the Yangtze River Patrol . She was placed in reduced commission on 29 June 1929 , but continued to serve on the South China Patrol until 27 May 1932 , when she was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register . The gunboat was sold on 7 July 1934 .
CASA III The CASA III was a 1920s Spanish two - seat touring monoplane , designed by Luis Sousa Peco and built by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA ( CASA ) at Getafe near Madrid . Design and development . In 1929 using experience from the production of licence - built aircraft the company built the CASA III as a touring and training monoplane . It was a parasol monoplane with a fabric - covered steel tube fuselage and it had two tandem open cockpits and wide tack fixed conventional landing gear with a tail skid . Each wing were hinged at the rear spar and they could be folded for storage or transport . The prototype , registered " M - CAGG " , first flew on 2 July 1929 and was powered by a Cirrus III piston engine . Within a few weeks the aircraft had been entered into a handicap air race between Madrid and Brugos , on 25 December 1929 it became the first light aircraft to land in the Canary Islands . The second aircraft was fitted with a Isotta - Fraschina Asso 80A engine but it was not a success . In 1930 three CASA IIIs were entered the 1930 Aerial Tour of Europe , but only two actually competed ; the prototype which retired with a broken landing gear , and the de Havilland Gipsy I powered third - aircraft ( M - CMAM ) which arrived to late for the start although it completed the course . Nine aircraft were built all with different engines which included the de Havilland Gipsy III and the Elizade A - 6 radial engine . The last aircraft built was delivered to the Spanish Navy . Operational history . During the civil war all the surviving CASA IIIs were operated by the Republican forces and none of them survived .
19th Mounted Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 19th Mounted Brigade previously known as the 2 / 1st Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade was a second line yeomanry brigade of the British Army during the First World War . Raised after the declaration of war , it was a mirror formation of the first line Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade . It had under command the 2 / 1st Scottish Horse , the 2 / 2nd Scottish Horse and the 2 / 3rd Scottish Horse . All of which were converted in cyclist units in 1916 , the brigade , never having seen any active service , ceased to exist .
5th Division ( South Vietnam ) The Fifth Division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam ( ARVN ) — the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975 — was part of the III Corps that oversaw the region of the country surrounding the capital , Saigon . The Fifth Division was based in Bien Hoa , a town on the northern outskirts of Saigon , and due to the division ' s close proximity to the capital Saigon was a key factor in the success or failure of the various coup attempts in the nation ' s history . As a result , the loyalty of the commanding officer of the division was crucial in maintaining power . In the 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt , the loyalist Colonel Nguyen Van Thieu used the Fifth Division to storm into Saigon to save President Ngo Dinh Diem . However , in the successful coup attempt of 1963 , Thieu rebelled and his division along with the rest of the III Corps of Ton That Dinh , attacked Saigon . Thieu himself led the successful siege on Gia Long Palace . As a result the leading generals made Thieu a general .
Australia in the Korean War 1950 – 53 Australia in the Korean War 1950 – 53 is the official history of Australia ' s involvement in the Korean War . The series consists of two volumes covering Australia ' s strategy and diplomacy in the war and the Australian military ' s combat operations respectively . Both volumes were written by Dr Robert O ' Neill , and they were published in 1981 and 1985 . Development and publication . In 1970 Robert O ' Neill was selected by the Australian Government as the official historian of the Korean War . O ' Neill had served as the 5th Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment ' s intelligence officer during the Vietnam War and had later become an academic . At the time of his appointment he was head of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University . While the official histories of Australia in World War I and World War II had been written by teams of historians , O ' Neill wrote the history of the Korean War with only a single research assistant based at the Australian War Memorial . The Australian Government maintained its tradition of granting independence to the official historian , though the Attorney - General ' s Department attempted to influence the series ' treatment of the journalist and alleged traitor Wilfred Burchett . While the official history was originally planned as a single volume , O ' Neill received permission to expand it to two volumes after discovering large amounts of material on the strategy and diplomacy behind Australia ' s involvement in the war . In contrast with the official Australian histories of the world wars , O ' Neill included footnotes and bibliographies to identify his sources . The first volume of the series , " Strategy and Diplomacy " was published in 1981 . It provided a detailed account of Australia ' s foreign and defence policies before and during the war , including in - depth discussion of the evolution of the ANZUS Treaty . The series ' second volume , entitled " Combat Operations " , was published in 1985 . The book ' s account of the Australian Army , Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force ' s operations in Korea is highly detailed . Because the three services rarely operated together O ' Neill was able to treat their operations separately when writing the book . Reception . " Australia in the Korean War 1950 – 53 " was generally well received by critics , though some argued that it was overly detailed . The " Oxford Companion to Australian Military History " states that the series is " scholarly and meticulous " . Historian Jeffrey Grey writes that the second volume is " essential reading , although the level of detail is not necessary for the general reader " . Peter Edwards , the editor of " The Official History of Australia ' s Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948 – 1975 " , states that the first volume in the series has been of most importance to Australian historiography due to its " detailed and authoritative " coverage of the ANZUS treaty . There was little public interest in the books after they were released , however , and sales of both volumes were slow .