naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
First Dacian War The First Dacian War took place from 101 to 102 AD . The kingdom of Dacia , under king Decebalus , had become a threat to Roman supremacy ( or so the romans claimed ) and had defeated several of Rome ' s armies during Domitian ' s reign ( 81 - 96 ) . The emperor Trajan was set on ridding this threat to Rome ' s power and in 101 set out determined to defeat Dacia . After a year of heavy fighting , king Decebalus came to terms and accepted an unfavorable peace . When he broke these terms in 105 , the Second Dacian War began . The War . After gaining support from the Roman Senate and its blessing for war , by 101 , Trajan was ready to advance on Dacia . The Roman offensive was spearheaded by two legionary columns , marching right to the heart of Dacia , burning towns and villages in the process . In 101 , the Dacians led massive assaults on the Roman legions , but were defeated , but not after many Roman soldiers were killed . In 102 Trajan moved his army down the Danube to Oescus . There the Roman armies converged for a final assault and defeated the Dacian army at the Battle of Tapae . After the battle , plus some additional conflicts Trajan , worried by the upcoming cold winter , decided to make peace . The war , spanning months , had concluded with a peace treaty with harsh terms for the Dacian king . Aftermath . Once Dacia was secured , Decebalus received technical and military reinforcement from Trajan in order to create a powerful allied zone against the dangerous possible expeditions from the northern and eastern territories by the already moving migrator people . The resources were instead used to make the Dacian Kingdom a great independent power that would eventually rebel against Roman rule .
Battle of Placito The Battle of Placito or Battle of the Placito was an engagement between ethnic Mexican settler s , Confederate soldiers and Apache warrior s . It took place at the now abandoned village of Placito in Confederate Arizona . The action is a part of the Apache Wars of the mid to late nineteenth century . Battle . Following the Gallinas Massacre , Lieutenant John Pulliam of the Confederate garrison at Fort Stanton , returned from his patrol in the Gallinas Mountains where he searched for the three dead soldiers , massacred a week earlier . He arrived at Fort Stanton on September 8 , 1861 . That same evening a dispatch arrived from the Placito , a Spanish era settlement , occupied by Mexican settlers . The dispatch detailed a current Apache assault on the town , ten miles below the fort . Pulliam was ordered to proceed to the village with fifteen men to help protect its citizens . After arriving , at night , Pulliam , his fifteen men and an unknown number of Mexican men , drove the Apaches out of town and then fought off the Apaches all night at a further range . Eventually the natives gave up and retreated back into the surrounding desert . Casualties are unknown , except for the Apaches who suffered at least five men killed by Pulliam ' s squad . An unknown number of Apache wounded escaped the fighting . The Lieutenant and his men arrived back at Fort Stanton the following afternoon .
6th Space Warning Squadron The 6th Space Warning Squadron is located at Cape Cod Air Force Station , in Sandwich , Massachusetts . It keeps watch for sea - launched and intercontinental ballistic missiles launched toward North America . The squadron is a geographically separated unit of the 21st Space Wing , Peterson Air Force Base , Colorado . Mission . The mission of the 6th SWS is to observe United States coasts for incoming sea – launched or intercontinental ballistic missiles using the PAVE PAWS radar system . Also , the 6th is to determine the potential threat of the numbers and destination of incoming missiles ; then report continuous information to the North American Aerospace Defense Command , Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station , Air Combat Command , and NORTHCOM . History . The 6th Space Warning Squadron was founded at Cape Cod Missile Early Warning Station in August 1977 . It was the first squadron in the country to be equipped with PAVE PAWS . The squadron also had a detachment at North Truro Air Force Station from 1977 to 1985 , when the station closed and operations at the accompanying radar dome were taken over by the Federal Aviation Administration . The 2165th Communications Squadron was a separate tenant at CCAFS until 1986 when it was merged with the 6th SWS . References . Note . PAVE PAWS generates information on the location and velocity of earth - orbiting satellites to NORAD .
Argyrus ( catepan of Italy ) Argyrus ( or " Argyros " ; c . 1000 – 1068 ) was a Lombard nobleman and Byzantine general . A son of the Lombard hero Melus , he was born at Bari around 1000 . Upon the defeat of Melus , who had rebelled against the Byzantines , at the battle of Cannae in 1018 , Argyrus and his mother were captured and taken to Constantinople as prisoners . He was out of confinement by 1038 , when he returned to Apulia , then in an uproar over being pressed into service during the Byzantine invasion of Sicily . The Lombard troops returned with their Norman and Varangian comrades in 1039 , alienated by General George Maniaches . In 1040 , the Lombards of southern Italy revolted against their Greek overlords , with the support of Norman mercenaries , and slew the catepan Nikephoros Doukeianos . In March , the rebels scored a first victory , against the new catepan , Michael , near the Olivento . On 3 September 1041 , they defeated another Byzantine catepan , Basil , the son of Boiannes , and took him captive . Soon they were joined by the Lombards and Normans of Melfi under Arduin . In February 1042 , the original nominal leader , Atenulf , brother of the prince of Benevento , defected with the catepan ' s ransom money to the Greeks and was replaced by Argyrus . After some early successes , Argyrus also defected to the Byzantines . It is assumed that he received a bribe of money from Constantine IX , who certainly wrote him letters offering it , and the title of catepan of Italy . When the revolt in Apulia was suppressed , the Byzantines , under advice from Argyrus , who travelled to Constantinople and received the title of " Duke of Italy , Calabria , Sicily , and Paphlagonia " , formed an alliance with the Papacy to counter the emergence of the Norman menace in the area . One Sico , a " protospatharios " , was sent to assist him . Argyrus commanded the Byzantine army , which did not join the papal at the Battle of Civitate , in which the their forces were routed and Pope Leo IX was captured . Argyrus was catepan until 1058 . Little is known about him after that date : he perhaps died in 1068 at Bari , Vieste or Atella . Before his death , he gifted to the Abbey of Farfa a rich silk garment which still exists .
Lanckorona Castle The Lanckorona Castle was built in the early 14th century in Lanckorona , Poland . It was damaged in several fires and during conflicts , especially in 1655 during the Swedish Deluge and Battle of Lanckorona in 1771 . It fell into total ruin in the 20th century as the Communist government of the People ' s Republic of Poland encouraged looting and the decay of royal cultural heritage sites in favour of new social realism in line with the propaganda in the People ' s Republic of Poland . History . As documented in the manuscripts of the chronicler and diplomat Jan Długosz , King Casimir III the Great erected the Lanckorona Castle to protect the road to Kraków and the border with the Duchy of Oświęcim .
567th Air Defense Group The 567th Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the 25th Air Division at McChord Air Force Base , Washington , where it was inactivated in 1955 . The group was originally activated as a support unit for a combat group at the end of World War II but never deployed before it was inactivated in 1945 . The group was activated once again in 1952 to replace the support elements of the inactivating 325th Fighter - Interceptor Wing . A year later ADC established it as an operational headquarters for fighter - interceptor squadrons as well . It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission , equipment , and personnel to the 325th Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II . History . World War II . The group was activated toward the end of World War II as the 567th Air Service Group and trained to support a single combat group in an overseas theater . Its 985th Air Engineering Squadron would provide maintenance that was beyond the capability of the combat group , its 1005th Air Materiel Squadron would handle all supply matters , and its Headquarters & Base Services Squadron would provide other support . Inactivated before it could be deployed overseas . It was disbanded in 1948 . Cold War . During the Cold War the group was reconstituted , redesignated as the 567th Air Base Group , and activated at McChord AFB in 1952 in a major reorganization of Air Defense Command ( ADC ) responding to ADC ' s difficulty under the existing wing base organizational structure in deploying fighter squadrons to best advantage . It replaced the 325th Air Base Group as the USAF host unit for McChord . while the operational elements of the inactivating 325th Fighter - Interceptor Wing transferred to the 4704th Defense Wing ( Def Wg ) . The group was assigned seven squadron s to perform its support responsibilities . The group Also maintained aircraft stationed at McChord . The group was redesignated as the 567th Air Defense Group and assumed responsibility for air defense of the Northwest United States . It was assigned the 317th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron ( FIS ) and 318th FIS , flying F - 94 Starfire aircraft , from the 4704th Def Wg as its operational elements . The same day , the 465th FIS , flying radar and rocket equipped F - 86 Sabre s was activated as the group ' s third operational squadron . In July 1953 , the 318th FIS moved to Greenland and was transferred from the group . In December 1953 , the 317th FIS converted to F - 86 ' s . The group was inactivated and replaced by the 325th Fighter Group ( Air Defense ) as result of ADC ' s Project Arrow , which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars . The group was disbanded once again in 1984 . Lineage . Components . Operational Squadrons Support Squadrons References . Bibliography . Further Reading
Mori Nagayoshi Nagayoshi was known to have such a bad temper and to be particularly ruthless in battle that he came to be known as the " Devil . " Nagayoshi ' s efforts for Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the difficult Battle of Komaki and Nagakute ultimately took his life .
Operation Deckhouse Five Operation Deckhouse Five occurred January 6 – 15 , 1967 . This operation was conducted by the United States Marine Corps and Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps forces in the Mekong Delta , as part of the Vietnam War . " The ten - day sweep , " reported the AP from its daily military roundup from Saigon , " proved unproductive . " For the USMC , the operation was notable for the following reasons : it was a sizable , combined U . S . Marine and Vietnamese Marine amphibious operation and it was the last Special Landing Force ( SLF ) amphibious landing to take place beyond the boundaries of I Corps . An SLF was the designation of the Marine battalion and medium helicopter squadron ( HMM ) assigned to the Seventh Fleet Amphibious Ready Group . The SLF regularly conducted amphibious operations across Vietnamese beaches into areas of suspected People ' s Liberation Armed Forces ( PLAF ) and People ' s Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) activity . The primary objective of the operation was to secure prisoners . One platoon of 720th MP Battalion MPs from A Company were supporting . Their mission was to construct a POW cage at Vũng Tàu , escort and secure POWs from the area of operations to the cage , process POWs , and escort POWs to the Army of the Republic of Vietnam III Corps cage at Biên Hòa . The POW capture rate was below that anticipated . The operation failed and resulted in the deaths of 21 People ' s Liberation Armed Forces and 7 US Marines .
USS Cohocton ( AO - 101 ) USS " Cohocton " ( AO - 101 ) was lead ship of her class of fleet oiler acquired by the United States Navy for use during World War II . She had the dangerous but necessary task of providing fuel to vessels in combat and non - combat areas . She served in the Pacific Ocean Theatre of operations late in the war . " Cohocton " was launched 28 June 1945 by Marinship Corp . , Sausalito , California , under a Maritime Commission contract ; sponsored by Mrs C . O . Day ; commissioned 25 August 1945 , Lieutenant Commander J . A . Houston , USNR , in command ; and reported to the Pacific Fleet . End - of - war Pacific Theatre operations . Cohocton sailed from San Francisco , California , on 5 September 1945 for Eniwetok , carrying ammunition and fresh water . She supported occupation forces in the Far East and western Pacific by carrying water from one port to another and serving as station water tanker . She called at Guam , Ulithi , Samar , Leyte , Yokosuka , Wakayama , and Kagoshima before arriving at Tsingtao , China , on 10 January 1946 , for station duty until 21 April . She returned by way of San Pedro , California , and the Panama Canal to Mobile , Alabama , where she was decommissioned on 14 June 1946 and returned to the War Shipping Administration the same day . Reassigned to MSTS . " Cohocton " was reacquired by the Navy and operated by a civilian company under contract to the Navy Transportation Service . She was reassigned to Military Sea Transportation Service on 1 October 1949 ; reinstated in the Naval Register and placed in - service as USNS " Cohocton " ( T - AO - 101 ) . Placed out - of - service , ( date unknown ) ; struck from the Naval Register , ( date unknown ) ; transferred to MARAD for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet , ( date unknown ) . " Cohocton " was withdrawn from the reserve fleet on 27 September 1967 and transferred to the Hudson Waterways Corporation as part of the MARAD Exchange Program , and renamed SS " Transoneida " . The ship was converted to container ship in 1969 , and sold on 16 September 1969 to the C . I . T . Corporation . She was sold for scrapping to the Keun Hwa Iron & Steel Work Enterprise , Ltd . , Taiwan , on 29 July 1980 .
32nd Air Base 32nd Air Base ( ) is a Polish Air Force base , located in Łask , about 30 km south - west of Łódź . It is one of the two bases where Poland ' s F - 16 fighters are stationed , the other being 31st Air Base . 9 of them were first moved there in October 2008 . The goal is to have 16 fighters , operated by the 10th Tactical Squadron . The base airfield was built in 1957 . The current base unit , combining infrastructure and ground personnel , was formed in 2001 . In the past there were plans to use this airfield for civilian airliners , but with the expansion of nearby Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport these have been shelved . A Council has been established for : Development of defence capabilities in the field of crisis management . Promotion and enhancement of European armaments cooperation . Working to strengthen the Defence Technology and Industrial Base and for the creation of an internationally competitive European Defence Equipment Market . Enhancement of the effectiveness of European Defence Research and Technology .
Battle of Carabobo The Battle of Carabobo , 24 June 1821 , was fought between independence fighters , led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar , and the Royalist forces , led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre . Bolívar ' s decisive victory at Carabobo led to the independence of Venezuela . Order of battle . Royalist Army . Commander in Chief of the Royal Armies : Field Marshal Juan Miguel de la Torre History . The Royalists occupied the road leading from Valencia to Puerto Cabello . As Bolívar ' s force of 6 , 500 approached the Royalist position , Bolívar divided his force and sent half on a flanking maneuver through rough terrain and dense foliage . De la Torre likewise split his force and sent half to deal with this flank attack . Hitting the Patriots with musket fire , the Royalists held back the attack for a while . The Venezuelan infantry failed and retreated , but the men of the " British Legions " , among them many members of the former King ' s German Legion , fought hard and took the hills . They sustained about 50 % of Bolívar ' s casualties . The cavalry militia of royalist " Llanero " fled from battlefield , and the patriot cavalry eventually broke through the Royalist lines on the center , and marched towards the rear of de La Torre ' s force . The Spanish infantry formed squares and fought to the end under the attack of the Patriot cavalry . The rout was so bad that only some 400 of one infantry regiment managed to reach safety at Puerto Cabello . With the main Royalist force in Venezuela crushed , independence was ensured . Subsequent battles included a key naval victory for the independence forces on 24 July 1823 at the Battle of Lake Maracaibo and in November 1823 José Antonio Páez occupied Puerto Cabello , the last Royalist stronghold in Venezuela . Commemoration . 24 June is celebrated as " Battle of Carabobo Day " . This day is also called " Army Day " in Venezuela . Every year during the month of June ; the 24th specifically , honors the penultimate battle of the Venezuelan War of Independence and the largest battle of that war that finally secured national independence after years of war against Spain . It is a national celebration that is televised , lasts all day with a military parade of the Venezuelan Army , showing to public all armaments , tanks , battalions , weapons , etc . of the ground forces , as the main highlight . This military parade doesn ’ t have any sponsorship except the government . It ’ s the largest military parade in the country after the celebration of the birth of General Simon Bolivar on 24 July 1783 ( Navy Day ) and the annual Independence Day parades of July 5 yearly . Also held is a joint historical reenactment organized by the Carabobo State Government and the Ministry of Education on the very site of the battle , joined in by elementary and middle school students .
HMS Bideford ( L43 ) HMS " Bideford " was a Royal Navy . She was named after the town of Bideford in Devon and was launched on 1 April 1931 . " Bideford " served in the Second World War . In May 1940 she helped in the Dunkirk evacuation , in which her stern was badly damaged . The towed her back to Dover , which took 30 hours and ended on 31 May . " Bideford " was used in anti - submarine sweeps and as a convoy escort in the North Atlantic . She rescued 63 survivors of the torpedoed on 3 September 1941 and 31 from on 31 October 1942 . In August 1943 while serving with the 40th Escort Group in the Bay of Biscay , " Bideford " was damaged by a Henschel Hs 293 guided missile . " Bideford " survived the war and was scrapped in 1949 .
Charles Stanhope , 3rd Earl of Harrington General Charles Stanhope , 3rd Earl of Harrington , G . C . H . , PC , PC ( Ire ) ( 17 March 1753 – 5 September 1829 ) , styled Viscount Petersham until 1779 , was a British soldier . Stanhope is sometimes confused with an exact contemporary of his , the 3rd Earl Stanhope . Early life . Stanhope was the son of William Stanhope , 2nd Earl of Harrington and Lady Caroline Fitzroy , daughter of Charles FitzRoy , 2nd Duke of Grafton and Lady Henrietta Somerset , daughter of Charles Somerset , Marquess of Worcester and Rebecca Child . He was educated at Eton . Military career . Stanhope was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards in 1769 . He was briefly Member of Parliament for UK Parliament constituency and then for UK Parliament constituency . During the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War as Viscount Petersham , Charles Stanhope commanded the 29th Regiment of Foot ' s Grenadier company and as an aide - de - camp to General John Burgoyne . Viscount Petersham can be seen in the famous painting " The Burial of General Fraser at Saratoga " standing above Simon Fraser . Family . Lord Harrington was married to Jane Fleming , daughter of Sir John Fleming , 1st Baronet . She was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Charlotte . Lord and Lady Harrington had eleven children :
Zhengyangmen Qianmen ( ) is the colloquial name for Zhengyangmen ( ; Manchu : Tob šuni duka , meaning " gate of the zenith Sun " ) , a gate in Beijing ' s historic city wall . The gate is situated to the south of Tiananmen Square and once guarded the southern entry into the Inner City . Although much of Beijing ' s city walls were demolished , Qianmen remains an important geographical marker of the city . The city ' s central north - south axis passes through Zhengyangmen ' s main gate . It was formerly named Lizhengmen ( ) , meaning " beautiful portal " . History . Zhengyangmen was first built in 1419 during the Ming Dynasty and once consisted of the gatehouse proper and an archery tower , which were connected by side walls and together with side gates , formed a large barbican . The gate guarded the direct entry into the imperial city . The city ' s first railway station , known as the Qianmen Station , was built just outside the gate . During the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 , the gate sustained considerable damage when the Eight - Nation Alliance invaded the city . The gate complex was extensively reconstructed in 1914 . The Barbican side gates were torn down in 1915 . After the Communist victory in 1949 , the Zhengyangmen gatehouse was occupied by the Beijing garrison of the People ' s Liberation Army . The military vacated the gatehouse in 1980 , which has now become a tourist attraction . At 42 metres high , the Zhengyangmen gatehouse was , and remains , the tallest of all gates in Beijing ' s city wall . Zhengyangmen gatehouse survived the demolition of city walls in the late 1960s during the construction of the Beijing Subway . While others such as the Deshengmen in the north and Dongbianmen in the southeast only have their archery towers standing . Xibianmen retains only part of its barbican . Yongdingmen ' s gatehouse was rebuilt in 2007 . Today , Qianmen Avenue ( Dajie ) cuts between the Zhengyangmen gatehouse and the archery tower to the south . Line 2 ' s Qianmen Station is also located between the two structures inside the space once surrounded by the barbican . Qianmen remains one of the enduring symbols of old Beijing . Qianmen is also home to Beijing ' s narrowest hutong , the Qianshi hutong . Geographical Significance . The Zhengyangmen is situated on the central north - south axis of Beijing . The main gateway of the gatehouse is aligned with Yongdingmen Gate to the south , the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong and the Monument to the People ' s Heroes in Tiananmen Square , the Tiananmen Gate itself , the Meridian Gate , and the imperial throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City , the city ' s Drum and Bell Towers and the entrance to the Olympic Green in the far north . The kilometer zero point for highways in China is located just outside the Zhengyangmen Gate . It is marked with a plaque in the ground , with the four cardinal points , four animals , and " Zero Point of Highways , China " in English and Chinese .
Otto Hartmann ( general ) Otto Hartmann ( 11 September 1884 – 10 July 1952 ) was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Otto Hartmann was captured in 1945 by Allied troops and was held until 1947 .