naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Project 1231 Project 1231 was a hybrid surface combatant and submarine developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s . It was known as " Dolphin " ( Russian : " Дельфин " ) and " diving missile boat " ( Russian : " ныряющий катер - ракетоносец " ) , and represented a fundamentally new type of ship . It was a missile boat , with a considerable surface speed , yet able to dive and move underwater . The idea of building project 1231 is said to have originated with the Soviet premier , Nikita Khrushchev , who during a visit to a naval base in Balaklava saw submarines and missile boats next to each other . He conceived of an entire fleet able to submerge and thus ensure secrecy in the event of nuclear war . Khrushchev originally ordered the creation of a vessel that could fly , swim and dive . The designers convinced Khrushchev that the construction of a practical aircraft with the surface and sub - surface characteristics he required was impossible . Project 1231 built on the results of work on Project 662 , a previous submersible ship : in particular , experience of Project 662 led to the use of hydrofoils for greater surfaced speed . Work on Project 1231 was ceased after Khrushchev was deposed in 1964 . No prototype was built and the design was closed . According to E . A . Aframeev , Project 1231 had no chance of practical implementation , despite the herculean efforts of designers . Previous projects . According to E . A . Aframeev the first practical suggestion for similar diving boats came from Valerian Brzezinski , who in 1939 developed the diving torpedo boat " M - 400 Flea " in a special technical bureau of the NKVD in Factory 196 , Leningrad . The boat had a surfaced displacement of 35 . 3 tons and speed of , which when submerged became 74 tons and respectively . It was armed with two torpedo tubes and one machine gun . Power came from 2 diesels ( which worked on a closed loop system when dived ) . The intended tactical employment was to approach the enemy underwater , fire a volley of torpedoes , surface and make a fast getaway . Boat building began in 1939 and by 1941 , the boat was 60 % ready . The project was temporarily shelved in 1942 during the siege of Leningrad , but damage from artillery fire caused the project to be written off completely . Development of diving boats resumed at the end of the 1950s in the form of Project 662 , which was rejected because of the low surface speed of 32 knots . The use of hydrofoils increased the speed of to 45 - 50 knots , but reduced the range to an unacceptable value . The underwater speed was only 5 - 6 knots , making the project unfit for combat .
Trapessac Trapessac ( ) is a medieval fortress located 4 km north of the town of Kırıkhan in Hatay Province , Turkey . Trapessac was constructed in the 11th century by the Knights Templar and , together with the nearby fortress at Bagras , guarded the Syrian Gates , the principal pass between the coastal region of Cilicia and inland Syria . The castle fell to Saladin in 1188 after a bitterly - fought , two - week siege . Lying as it did at a key point in the Amanus marches between the Principality of Antioch and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , both the Templars and the Armenians were eager to retake the castle . Leo I of Armenia attempted to seize it in 1205 but was repelled by the defenders . The Templars also launched an expedition to recover it in 1237 , but were ambushed and badly defeated , suffering grievous losses . It was reoccupied by Hetoum I in 1261 after the Mongols captured it in their invasion of Syria . However , the Armenians were not to hold it long . After the defeat of the Armenian army at the Battle of Mari in 1266 , Hetoum agreed to surrender the fortress to the Mamluk s to ransom his son Leo . It passed into the hands of Baibars in 1268 . In 1280 , the fortress was temporarily regained by Abaqa Khan when he advanced to sack Aleppo , only to be abandoned when he withdrew from Syria .
202nd ( 2 / 1st Kent ) Brigade The 202nd ( 2 / 1st Kent ) Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as a second line brigade , part of the 67th ( 2nd Home Counties ) Division , from those men in the Territorial Force who had not agreed to serve overseas . The second line infantry battalions had a minimum strength of 600 men . Formation . The composition of 202 Bde was as follows ( not all the infantry battalions served in the brigade at the same time ) : 202 Bde was disbanded on 17 March 1919 .
SM UC - 73 SM " UC - 73 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 26 August 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 24 December 1916 as SM " UC - 73 " . In 10 patrols " UC - 73 " was credited with sinking 9 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 73 " was surrendered on 6 January 1919 and broken up at Brighton Ferry in 1919 – 20 .
Generał brygady Generał brygady ( , literally " General of a brigade " , abbreviated gen . bryg . ) is the lowest grade for generals in the Polish Army ( both in the Land Forces and in the Polish Air Force ) . Depending on the context , it is equivalent to both the modern grade of Major General and the grade of Brigadier General ( mostly in historical context ) . The symbols of the grade are the " general ' s wavy line " and a single star , featured on both the rogatywka ( the military cap ) and the sleeves of the dress uniform and above the breast pocket of the field uniform .
USS Emily The USS " Emily " was a Union steamer during the American Civil War . In October 1862 , the " Emily " fell under the jurisdiction of a Colonel Howard at Roanoke Island , whereat she was lent to Lieutenant Commander C . W . Flusser to ferry Union servicemen wounded in the Joint Expedition Against Franklin to Norfolk Hospital . At some point in her service history , she was captained by George Howland .
Sacramento Army Depot The Sacramento Army Depot ( SAAD ) was a facility located within current city limits , 7 miles southeast of downtown Sacramento , California in Sacramento County . SAAD was activated in 1941 . It served as a repair facility for electronic equipment , such as night vision goggles , electronic circuit boards , and radium - dial instrumentation . The depot was deactivated after the findings of the 1988 Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) commission . The depot officially closed on March 3 , 1995 . On July 22 , 1987 , the depot was added to the National Priorities List as a Superfund site .
William Johnson Stone William Johnson Stone ( June 26 , 1841 – March 12 , 1923 ) was an US Representative from Kentucky . He was born in Kuttawa , Caldwell ( now Lyon ) County , Kentucky on June 26 , 1841 . He attended the common schools and Q . M . Tyler ’ s Collegiate Institute in Cadiz , Trigg County . Stone studied law . During the American Civil War he served as captain in the Confederate Army . After the war he engaged in agricultural pursuits . He was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1867 , 1875 , and 1883 , serving as speaker in 1875 . He was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - ninth and to the four succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1885 – March 3 , 1895 ) : chairman , Committee on War Claims ( Fiftieth Congress ) He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Kuttawa , Lyon County ; Confederate pension commissioner of Kentucky in 1912 and served until his death in Frankfort , Kentucky , March 12 , 1923 ; interment in New Bethel Cemetery , Lyon County , Kentucky .
SS Albert C . Field SS " Albert C . Field " was a Canadian cargo ship , sunk during World War II . The ship was built by the Furness Shipbuilding Company of Haverton Hill , and launched on 28 May 1923 . Her first owner was the Eastern Steamship Company of St . Catharines , Ontario , until she was sold to the Upper Lakes & St . Lawrence Transportation Company , also of St . Catharines , in 1937 . The ship was requisitioned by the British government during World War II . On 16 June 1944 " Albert C . Field " sailed from Penarth as part of Convoy EBC - 14 bound for the Normandy beachhead . She was carrying 2 , 500 tons of munitions and 1 , 300 bags of mail . On 18 June , when 20 miles south - west of The Needles , the convoy was attacked by German aircraft , and the ship was hit by a torpedo and sank within three minutes . Four of the crew were killed . The hull is currently located below sea level on a gravel seabed at . The wreckage is badly damaged . The boilers are the highest point at below . There are several small pieces of exploded ammunition . The machinery is right aft and the bridge is right forward while everything in the middle was cargo space .
809th Tank Destroyer Battalion The 809th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War . The battalion was activated on 18 March 1942 , and remained in the United States until November 1944 , when it was moved to the United Kingdom . It arrived in France on 20 January 1945 , equipped with M18 Hellcat tank destroyers . It was attached to the 8th Armored Division on 9 February , and fought in the crossing of the Roer . On 20 March , it was attached to the 79th Infantry Division , crossing the Rhine on the 27th , and was then attached to the 95th Infantry Division for the fighting around the Ruhr Pocket in April before being returned to the 8th Armoured on 13 April . During this month , it converted to M36 Jackson tank destroyers . In late April it saw action in the Harz Mountains , finishing the war in central Germany .
Campbell Mellis Douglas Campbell Mellis Douglas ( 5 August 1840 , Quebec City – 31 December 1909 ) , was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Douglas joined the British Army in 1862 . Details . He was 26 years old , and an assistant surgeon in the 2nd Battalion , 24th Regiment of Foot ( later The South Wales Borderers ) , British Army during the Andaman Islands Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 7 May 1867 at the island of Little Andaman , eastern India , in the Bay of Bengal , Assistant Surgeon Douglas and four Privates ( David Bell , James Cooper , William Griffiths and Thomas Murphy ) of the 2 / 24th Regiment risked their lives in manning a boat and proceeding through dangerous surf to rescue some of their comrades who had been sent to the island to find out the fate of the commander and seven of the crew , who had landed from the ship " Assam Valley " and were feared murdered by the cannibalistic islanders . Further information . VC not awarded for bravery in action against the enemy , but for bravery at sea in saving life in storm off Andaman Islands . Later life . He later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel , and served on the Northwest Frontier in India . He retired from the army in 1882 and settled in Lakefield , Ontario . He married the widow of Valentine Munbee McMaster VC . He was recruited for service as a medical officer during the Northwest Rebellion in 1885 , where he further distinguished himself , arriving in time to treat the wounded from the May 3 Battle of Fish Creek and caring for the soldiers wounded during the Battle of Batoche , on May 14 . Campbell Mellis Douglas retired to England in 1894 , and died at Hollington , Somerset , on December 30 , 1909 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Canadian War Museum " ( Ottawa , Canada ) " .
Svea artilleriregemente Svea artilleriregemente ( Svealand Artillery Regiment ) , designation A 1 , was a Swedish Army artillery regiment that traced its origins back to the 17th century . It was disbanded in 1997 . The regiment ' s soldiers were originally recruited from Svealand , and it was also garrisoned there . History . The regiment has its origins in Artilleriregementet raised in 1636 . That regiment was split into four new regiments in 1794 of which Svea artilleriregemente was one . The regiment was given the designation A 1 ( 1st Artillery Regiment ) in 1830 . In 1889 three companies garrisoned in Vaxholm became independent and formed Vaxholms artillerikår . In 1893 another four companies were split off to form Norrlands artilleriregemente and Andra Svea artilleriregemente . Due to this the regiment also changed name to Första Svea artilleriregemente . The name was changed back again in 1904 . The regiment was garrisoned in Stockholm but moved to Linköping in 1963 before being disbanded in 1997 .
Curt Gallenkamp Curt Gallenkamp ( 17 February 1890 – 13 April 1958 ) was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Curt Gallenkamp was captured by British troops in May 1945 . He was tried for war crimes for the deaths of British paratroops / commandos and an American pilot . He was sentenced to be hanged in 1947 , but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment and was released in 1952 .
Ration stamp A ration stamp or ration card is a stamp or card issued by a government to allow the holder to obtain food or other commodities that are in short supply during wartime or in other emergency situations . Ration stamps were widely used during World War II by both sides after hostilities caused interruption to the normal supply of goods . They were also used after the end of the war while the economies of the belligerents gradually returned to normal . India . Ration cards have been an important part of the Public Distribution System ( PDS ) in India . On the basis of their economic condition , people can buy goods like food grains , sugar and kerosene with the help of their ration cards . They are three types of ration card : The United States . Rationing was used in the United States during World War II . Government funds provided to poverty stricken individuals by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program are often referred to colloquially as " food stamps " . The United Kingdom . Rationing was widespread in the United Kingdom during World War II and continued long after the end of the war . It has been credited with greatly increasing public health . Fuel rationing did not end until 1950 .
USS Elizabeth ( SP - 972 ) The first USS " Elizabeth " ( SP - 972 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in service from 1917 to 1919 . " Elizabeth " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1916 at West Norfolk , Virginia , and apparently was employed commercially as a ship chandler s workboat . In August 1917 she was ordered turned over to the U . S . Navy for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was delivered to the Navy on 4 October 1917 , and placed in non - commissioned service as " Elizabeth " ( SP - 972 ) soon thereafter . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Elizabeth " took up patrol duties in the Norfolk , Virginia , area . On 12 December 1917 , she collided with the American steamship SS " Northland " and sank with the loss of two lives , but she was raised , repaired , and resumed her patrol duties for the rest of World War I and into 1919 . Taken out of service in 1919 , " Elizabeth " was commissioned in ordinary as USS " Elizabeth " ( SP - 972 ) late in May 1919 and ordered sold . Withdrawn from sale in October 1919 , she instead was transferred to the United States Department of War on 10 November 1919 for use by the United States Army . " Elizabeth " should not be confused with another patrol boat , , which was in commission in 1917 - 1918 .
Samson Remote Controlled Weapon Station The Samson Remote Controlled Weapon Station ( RCWS ) , also known as Katlanit ( קטלנית in Hebrew : " lethal " , female inflection ) is a Remote Weapon System that enables a variety of devices to be operated automatically or by remote control , including 5 . 56 mm , 7 . 62 mm , and 12 . 7 mm machine gun s , 40 mm automatic grenade launcher s , anti - tank missile s and observation pods . There are a total of three variants of the Samson family : For example , the Samson Remote Controlled Weapon System for 30mm Cannon is designed to be mounted on light - armored , high - mobility military vehicles and operated by a gunner or vehicle commander operating under - the - deck . It offers optional SPIKE guided missile , smoke grenade launcher , and embedded trainer . The RCWS 30 is a product of Rafael Advanced Defense Systems . Israel has also installed a variant of the Samson RCWS in pillbox es along the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier intended to prevent Palestinian militant s from entering its territory . See also . Rafael Overhead Weapon Station < br > Remote Weapon System
HMS Boyne ( 1692 ) HMS " Boyne " was an 80 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Deptford Dockyard on 21 May 1692 . She was rebuilt to the 1706 Establishment at Blackwall Yard , mounting her guns on three instead of her original two gundecks , though she was still classified as a third rate . She was relaunched from Blackwall on 26 March 1708 . Her second rebuild took place at Deptford , where she was reconstructed according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment , and relaunched on 28 May 1739 . The " Boyne " was part of Vice - Admiral Edward Vernon ' s fleet and took part in the expedition to Cartagena de Indias during the War of Jenkin ' s Ear . " Boyne " was broken up in 1763 .
Gatehouse A gatehouse , in architectural terminology , is a building enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a castle , manor house , fort , town or similar buildings of importance . History . Gatehouses made their first appearance in the early antiquity when it became necessary to protect the main entrance to a castle or town . Over time , they evolved into very complicated structures with many lines of defence . Strongly fortified gatehouses would normally include a drawbridge , one or more portcullis es , machicolation s , arrow loops and possibly even murder - hole s where stones would be dropped on attackers . In some castles , the gatehouse was so strongly fortified it took on the function of a keep , sometimes referred to as a " gate keep " . Examples of such gate keeps can be found at Bodiam Castle and Beaumaris Castle . In the late Middle Ages , some of these arrow loops might have been converted into gun loops ( or gun ports ) . Sometimes gatehouses formed part of town fortifications , perhaps defending the passage of a bridge across a river or a moat , as Monnow Bridge in Monmouth . York has four important gatehouses , known as " Bars " , in its city walls . One such is Micklegate Bar . The French term for gatehouse is " logis - porche " . This could be a large , complex structure that served both as a gateway and lodging or it could have been composed of a gateway through an enclosing wall . A very large gatehouse might be called a " châtelet " ( small castle ) . At the end of the Middle Ages , many gatehouses in England and France were converted into beautiful , grand entrance structures to manor houses or estates . Many of them became a separate feature free - standing or attached to the manor or mansion only by an enclosing wall . By this time the gatehouse had lost its defensive purpose and had become more of a monumental structure designed to harmonise with the manor or mansion . On the continent of Europe , there are numerous examples of surviving gatehouses in France , Austria and Germany .
USS Corwin ( 1849 ) USS " Corwin " ( 1849 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . U . S . Coast Survey vessel transferred to the Union Navy . " Corwin " was a side wheel gunboat , wooden steamer built at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1849 for the U . S . Coast Survey , transferred to the U . S . Revenue Service in April 1861 . Transferred to the Navy Department for special service in September 1861 , under command of Lieutenant Thomas S . Phelps . Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockade . The vessel was armed with two medium 32 - pounders and two 12 - pounder guns . She surveyed the coast of North Carolina . For example , On 14 November 1861 , the Corwin , a side - wheel gunboat , wooden steamer revenue cutter , repulsed the CSS Curlew in Hatteras Inlet , an estuary in North Carolina . On 1 April 1862 , she joined the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron for duty in Hampton Roads and adjacent waters . On 13 July , she was detached and ordered to the Potomac River for survey work . " Corwin " repulsed CSS " Curlew " in Hatteras Inlet on 14 November ; and rendered effective assistance to the steamer " Quinnebaug " aground off Beaufort , North Carolina on 22 July 1865 . Post - war return of the vessel to the Coast Survey . She was returned to the U . S . Coast Survey , Treasury Department , after the war .
1st Regiment Nebraska Volunteer Infantry The 1st Regiment Nebraska Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was initially organized to protect the Nebraska Territory from Indian attacks , but primarily served in the Western Theater before being reorganized and sent to the frontier . Service . When the war started , U . S . Regular Army troops were withdrawn from Fort Kearny and Fort Randall to serve in more threatened areas , but at the increased risk to Nebraska settlers from Indian attacks . The Federal government requested that the Nebraska Territory form one volunteer regiment , with some companies supposed to stay behind to protect the territory . The territorial legislature met in special session in Omaha , and agreed to raise the requested local defense force . Thus , the 1st Regiment , Nebraska Volunteer Infantry was organized at Omaha , between June 11 and July 21 , 1861 , with the future governor of Nebraska and the Wyoming Territory , John Milton Thayer , as its first colonel . However , the promise was reneged , and the regiment was sent eastward in August to fight the Confederacy . Serving in the forces under Ulysses S . Grant , the 1st Nebraska Infantry participated in the successful attack on Fort Donelson in Tennessee and then fought at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 . It then participated in several minor engagements in Missouri and Arkansas . The regiment was redesignated the 1st Regiment Nebraska Volunteer Cavalry on November 6 , 1863 . It was transferred to the frontier to keep the Plains Indians in check . It was amalgamated with the 1st Battalion Nebraska Veteran Volunteer Cavalry in 1865 , and mustered out of the Union Army in 1866 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1370 men served in the 1st Nebraska Infantry / Cavalry . Commanders . Colonel John Milton Thayer
Battle of the Willows The Battle of the Willows ( 377 ) took place at a place called " ad Salices " ( " town by the willows " ) , or according to Roman records , a road way - station called " Ad Salices " ( " by the Willows " ) ; probably located within 15 kilometres of Marcianople ( modern day Devnya , Bulgaria ) , although its exact location is unknown . Forces from the Western Roman Empire under the command of Richomeres advanced westward , while forces of the Eastern Roman Empire under Traianus and Profuturus advanced northward where they joined forces to attack the Goths who had recently rebelled under command of Fritigern . and were laying waste to the northern Balkans . It was the first major conflict of the Gothic War and both sides were ready to prove their merit . The only extant description comes from Ammianus who left few details ; he gives a lengthy description of the dead and dying , but no information on the number of combatants . At one point the Roman left wing gave way , but it was re - enforced and held . The battle ended with nightfall . The result was a bloody draw with both sides taking many losses ; the Goths remained encamped behind their war - wagon circle for over a week after the battle .