naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William O ' Dwyer William O ' Dwyer ( July 11 , 1890November 24 , 1964 ) was the 100th Mayor of New York City , holding that office from 1946 to 1950 . Life and career . O ' Dwyer was born in County Mayo , Ireland and studied in St Nathys College , Ballaghaderreen . He emigrated to the United States in 1910 , after abandoning studies for the priesthood . He worked as a laborer , then as a New York City police officer , while studying law at night at Fordham University Law School . He received his degree in 1923 and then built up a successful law practice before serving as a Kings County ( Brooklyn ) Court judge . He won election as the Kings County District Attorney in 1939 and his prosecution of the organized crime syndicate known as Murder , Inc . made him a national celebrity . After losing the mayoral election to Fiorello La Guardia in 1941 , O ' Dwyer enlisted in the US Army , achieving the rank of brigadier general . In 1945 , O ' Dwyer received the nomination of Tammany Hall Leader Edward V . Loughlin and easily won the mayoral election . At his inauguration , O ' Dwyer celebrated to the song , " It ' s a Great Day for the Irish , " and addressed the 700 people gathered in Council Chambers at City Hall : " It is our high purpose to devote our whole time , our whole energy to do good work . . . " He established the Office of City Construction Coordinator , appointing Robert Moses to the post , worked to have the permanent home of the United Nations located in Manhattan , presided over the first billion - dollar New York City budget , created a traffic department and raised the subway fare from five cents to ten cents . In 1948 , O ' Dwyer received The Hundred Year Association of New York ' s Gold Medal Award " in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York . " Shortly after his re - election to the mayoralty in 1949 , O ' Dwyer was confronted with a police corruption scandal uncovered by the Kings County District Attorney , Miles McDonald . O ' Dwyer resigned from office on August 31 , 1950 . Upon his resignation , he was given a ticker tape parade up Broadway ' s Canyon of Heroes in the borough of Manhattan . President Harry Truman appointed him U . S . Ambassador to Mexico . He returned to New York City in 1951 to answer questions concerning his association with organized crime figures and the accusations followed him for the rest of his life . He resigned as Ambassador on December 6 , 1952 , but remained in Mexico until 1960 . He visited Israel for 34 days in 1951 on behalf of his Jewish constituents . He helped organize the first Israel Day Parade , along with New York ' s Jewish community . Other . His youngest sibling , his brother Paul ( 1907 - 1998 ) , was also a New York politician , serving as the then - city - wide elected position of City Council President ( 1974 – 77 ) . Death . William O ' Dwyer died in New York City on November 24 , 1964 , in Beth Israel Hospital , aged 74 , from heart failure and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery .
American Deserters Committee The American Deserters Committee of Montreal , Canada concerns members of American Armed Forces who deserted their posts and went to Canada . The deserters were aided in their efforts by groups such as Students for a Democratic Society , the Black Panthers , the Revolutionary Union , The Resistance , American Friends Service Committee , War Resisters League and the Committee for Peace and Freedom . ADC was formed by a group of politically active deserters in December 1968 , claiming affiliation with a Paris - based group called the Second Front International . ADC members included both deserters and their spouses and girlfriends , and welcomed other expatriate Americans who shared their views . Though ADC retained almost total ideological independence , it received the bulk of its funds from the Montreal Council to Aid War Resisters , which , in turn , received most of its funds from the Canadian Council of Churches . ADC operated a hostel for newly arrived deserters ( sometimes housing up to 20 men at a time ) , and published a newsletter called ADC Times . By the early summer of 1970 , friction within ADC began to emerge over the group ' s inner circle of founders and colleagues , who had begun calling themselves the " Central Committee . " The Committee was seen by many as increasingly autocratic and undemocratic , adopting a radical , Marxist agenda , and discouraging dissent . In addition , it had allied itself with Quebec ' s separatist Front de Liberation Populaire ( FLP ) , a nonviolent and implicitly Marxist organization , which campaigned for an independent and ideologically progressive Quebec . Though most ADC members were at least sympathetic to the FLP agenda , many feared that allying ADC ( which had a few dozen members ) with FLP ( which had thousands of active supporters ) benefitted neither group , while tarnishing the images of both . These problems were still under debate when , in October 1970 , a more radical group of separatists ( using the name of the underground Front de Liberation du Quebec , or FLQ ) kidnapped British Trade Commissioner Harold Cross , and issued a series of demands . A week later , a second group , also claiming FLQ affiliation , kidnapped and murdered Quebec Transportation Minister Pierre Laporte . Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau responded by imposing de facto martial law in Quebec , with several hundred suspects arrested within hours , in pre - dawn raids . The next morning , a hand - written sign appeared on the door of the ADC offices , reading " CLOSED DURING THE MILITARY OCCUPATION OF QUEBEC . " ADC ' s leadership went into hiding , and the original ADC effectively ceased to exist . It reemerged briefly , then formally merged with the Montreal Council in 1971 , under the new name of The American Refugee Service .
Diego de Holguín Diego de Holguín , 1486 - ? , was a Spanish conquistador and the first mayor of San Salvador , in April 1525 . He had remarkable activity in the conquest of many nations in the Caribbean islands , Central America and Mexico , where he became famous for his courage . Holguín was born around 1486 in a Spanish town called Tona or Sona . He arrived in the Americas very young and settled in the Spanish colony in present day Dominican Republic in 1506 . There he participated in the foundation of the cities of Aragua , Puerto Real and Ciudad de la Vega . Captain Diego de Holguín participated in the conquest of Guatemala , Izalco , Cuscatlan and under the command of Pedro de Alvarado . He was alderman of the municipality of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala . Along with Gonzalo de Alvarado , was one of the founders of the first settlement of San Salvador , next to a fortress Cuzcatlecos , and became its first mayor in April 1525 . In 2005 , construction began of the first Freeway in Central America RN - 21 ( Boulevard Diego Holguin ) , located on the edge of Santa Tecla , Antiguo Cuscatlan and San Salvador in the west of the country , it takes the name of " Diego de Holguín " .
American Legion ( Loyalist ) The American Legion was a British provincial militia raised for service late in the American Revolutionary War by the turncoat Brigadier General Benedict Arnold . It was composed primarily of deserters from the Continental Army . It was raised on Long Island in October 1780 . In the first half of 1781 it was sent with Arnold on raids to Virginia . The unit was with Arnold in the September 1781 Battle of Groton Heights , Connecticut , but was not involved in the attack on Fort Griswold , which was deemed an atrocity by some , with hand to hand fighting and more than 115 Patriots and more than 200 British killed or wounded in the battle . The force was disbanded in 1783 .
John Beckett ( American football ) John " Jack " Beckett ( January 5 , 1892 – July 26 , 1981 ) was an American football offensive tackle who played for the University of Oregon and Mare Island . Early life . Born in rural northeastern Oregon , Beckett attended Eugene High School in Eugene before enrolling at the University of Oregon . University of Oregon . Although primarily used as an offensive tackle , Beckett excelled at several positions , occasionally playing halfback and punter . Beckett was the team captain in his senior year of 1916 and was named to the all - Pacific Coast Conference team . He led the team to an undefeated record and tie for the conference championship with the University of Washington . Oregon was chosen to represent the conference in the 1917 Rose Bowl where they defeated Pennsylvania 14 - 0 , with Beckett named the game ' s most valuable player . U . S . Marine Corps service . With the United States ' entry in World War I , Beckett joined the Marines in his senior year , and was assigned to the Marine base at Mare Island , California . He joined the Mare Island football team , coached by Beckett ' s Oregon coach Hugo Bezdek , and was selected as team captain . With the U . S . at war , the 1918 Rose Bowl featured two service teams : Beckett ' s Mare Island team and the U . S . Army ' s Camp Lewis team , with Mare Island winning 19 - 7 . Beckett is the only person to have been the captain of two different Rose Bowl teams . Beckett served 50 years in the Marines , coaching Marine teams at Mare Island , Quantico , and San Diego , amassing an overall coaching record of 56 - 19 - 3 . He achieved a final the rank of brigadier general . Legacy . Beckett was named to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972 , and was a charter member of both the University of Oregon Athletic Hall of Fame in 1992 , and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1980 . He died in La Jolla , California in 1981 .
USS Lewis B . Puller ( FFG - 23 ) USS " Lewis B . Puller " ( FFG - 23 ) was the fifteenth ship of the " Oliver Hazard Perry " class of guided - missile frigate s in the US Navy . She was the first US Navy ship to be named for Marine Lieutenant General Lewis B . " Chesty " Puller ( 1898 – 1971 ) . Ordered from Todd Shipyards , San Pedro , CA on 28 February 1977 as part of the FY77 program , " Lewis B . Puller " was laid down on 23 May 1979 , launched on 15 March 1980 , and commissioned on 17 April 1982 . Decommissioned and stricken on 18 September 1998 , she was transferred to Egypt the same day as " Toushka " ( F906 ) . , she remained in active service with the Egyptian Navy .
Bombing of Duisburg in World War II Duisburg was bombed a number of times by the Allies during World War II . The most devastating air raids on Duisburg occurred during October 1944 when the city was bombed by the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) . Duisburg was a major logistical centre in the Ruhr Area and location of chemical , steel and iron industries , Duisburg was a primary target of Allied bomber s . Not only the industrial areas but also residential areas were attacked by Allied bombs . As an entry to the Ruhr , there were daily warnings of bombing raids in 1943 . Battle of the Ruhr . During the " Battle of the Ruhr " in 1943 , 577 British bombers destroyed the old city on 12 / 13 May , with 1 , 599 tonnes of bombs : 96 , 000 people were made homeless . Operation Hurricane . In October 1944 Duisburg became the main target in Operation Hurricane a joint RAF Bomber Command and the USAAF VIII Bomber Command operation . On 14 October 1944 just after daybreak RAF Bomber Command sent 1 , 013 aircraft , with RAF fighters providing an escort , to bomb Duisburg . 957 bombers dropped 3 , 574 tonnes of high explosive and 820 tonnes of incendiaries on the city for a loss of 14 aircraft . The same day Eighth Air Force sent 1 , 251 heavy bombers escorted by 749 fighters to bomb targets in the area of Cologne . Later the same day , during the night of 14 October / 15 October , 1 , 005 RAF bombers returned to Duisburg in 2 waves about 2 hours apart , and dropped a further 4 , 040 tonnes of high explosive and 500 tonnes of incendiaries for the loss of 7 aircraft . The same night a further 230 aircraft destroyed Brunswick . During Operation Hurricane nearly 9 , 000 tonnes of bombs fell on Duisburg in less than 24 hours , but the damage to Duisburg is difficult to assess because much of the documentation including the final report ( " Endbericht " ) , is not held by the Duisburg state archive ( " Stadtarchiv " ) . However the documentation which is available mentions " Very serious property damage . A large number of people buried . " and that at the Thyssen Mines III and IV 8 days production was lost . Post war reconstruction . A total of 299 bombing raids had almost completely destroyed the historic cityscape . 80 % of all residential buildings had been destroyed or partly damaged . Almost the whole of the city had to be rebuilt , and most historic landmarks had been lost .
Glenda Gilmore Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore is an award - winning historian of the American South at Yale University . Life . An eighth - generation North Carolinian , Gilmore received her B . A . in Psychology from Wake Forest University . She taught high school history in South Carolina for several years and held managerial positions in private industry before returning to school to graduate from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte with an M . A . , and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a Ph . D . She studied at the Radcliffe Institute at Harvard University . She taught history at Queens University of Charlotte in Charlotte , North Carolina before joining the Yale University as an assistant professor in 1994 , full professor of history in 1998 , and Peter V . & C . Vann Woodward Professor of History in 2001 . She is also a member of the University ' s African American studies and American studies departments and currently serves as the Acting Chair of the African American Studies Department . Her areas of expertise include : race relations , women ' s and African - American history , the history of social reform , American religious activism , North Carolina history , the history of prostitution and the political , social and cultural history of the United States in the late 19th and 20th centuries . She is collaborating with Thomas Sugrue on a synthetic reinterpretation of society and politics in twentieth century America . She is married to noted Cambodian genocide scholar Ben Kiernan .
Nicaea , Locris Nicaea or Nikaia ( Greek : ) , was an ancient fortress of the Locri Epicnemidii , situated upon the sea , and close to the pass of Thermopylae . It is described by Aeschines as one of the places which commanded the pass . It was the first Locrian town after Alpenos , the latter being at the very entrance of the pass . The surrender of Nicaea by Phalaecus to Philip II , in 346 BCE , made the Macedonian king master of Thermopylae , and brought the Third Sacred War to an end . Philip kept possession of it for some time , but subsequently gave it to the Thessalians along with Magnesia . But in 340 BCE we again find Nicaea in the possession of Philip . According to Memnon Nicaea was destroyed by the Phocian s , and its inhabitants founded the Bithynian Nicaea . But even if this is true , the town must have been rebuilt soon afterwards , since we find it in the hands of the Aetolia ns during the Roman wars in Greece . Subsequently the town is only mentioned by Strabo ( ix . p . 426 ) . William Martin Leake identifies Nicaea with the castle of Pundonítza , where there are Hellenic remains .
EML Ugandi ( M315 ) EML " Ugandi " is a " Sandown " - class minehunter commissioned by the Estonian Navy in 2009 . " Ugandi " is a former Royal Navy vessel HMS " Bridport " built by Woolston Yard of Southampton - based shipbuilders Vosper Thornycroft . The vessel is the third and final " Sandown " - class vessel which joined the naval force after its mine countermeasures vessel modernization programme . She is named after an ancient Estonian county Ugandi , between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov , bordered by Vaiga , Mõhu , Nurmekund , Sakala , Latgale , and Pskov . " Ugandi " is commanded by Senior - Lieutenant Marek Mardo . History . The former HMS " Bridport " was modernized and overhauled in Bay 1 of the Syncrolift at Rosyth . The project was started ahead of schedule to deconflict the programme . After a ceremony at the Fife yard the HMS " Bridport " became ENS " Ugandi " and joined the Mineships Division . She differs from the previous two " Sandown " - class vessels delivered to the Estonian Navy , as she has been fitted with a ZU - 23 - 2 twin mount , 23mm cannon system and a Klein 5000 sidescan sonar . The vessel carries clearance divers and Remote Control Mine Disposal Systems . Unlike the previous " Lindau " - class minehunter , the vessel was built from glass reinforced plastic to reduce her magnetic signature . Other parts of the ship were constructed from non - ferrous metals for a similar reason . They are propelled by Voith Schneider Propeller s and are very maneuverable due to two bow thrusters which gives an advantage when working with mines . The ships motto is in Latin " Semper Ante " . The coat of arms was designed by Priit Herodes .
Thomas Tollemache Thomas Tollemache ( Talmash or Tolmach ) ( c . 1651 – 1694 ) was an English soldier ; the second son of Sir Lionel Tollemache of Helmingham , Suffolk and his wife , Elizabeth , 2nd Countess of Dysart . In 1678 he became captain in the Guards , with which he served in Tangier ; in 1685 he was made lieutenant - colonel of a regiment of fusilier s , but gave up his commission shortly after the accession of James II . Tollemache abandoned King James in favour of the Protestant William of Orange who , in 1688 successfully usurped the English throne during the Glorious Revolution . For his services to William , now King William III , he was made governor of Portsmouth and colonel of the Coldstream Guards ; in 1689 he was chosen an English member of parliament . He served with his regiment during the War of the Grand Alliance , seeing action at the Battle of Walcourt in August 1689 . In 1691 , he served in Ireland , with the rank of major - general , gaining fame at the Battle of Aughrim and at the sieges of Athlone , Galway and Limerick . In the Netherlands he added to his high reputation with his conduct at the battles of Steenkirk and Neerwinden . In 1694 Tollemache proposed , and led , an expedition against the French port of Brest . The French however , had gained intelligence of the proposed attack and had reinforced the garrison and strengthened the port ' s defences . Although he led the English troops with great gallantry , they were beaten off with heavy losses . Tollemache , himself wounded , succumbed to his injuries , later dying in Plymouth in June 1694 . He was buried in the church of St Mary ' s , Helmingham , Suffolk .
Visconti Castle Castle Visconteo is a castle built in the town of Pavia , Lombardy , northern Italy . It was built by Galeazzo II Visconti in 1360 , soon after the taking of the city , a free city - state until then . The credited architect is Bartolino da Novara . The castle used to be the main residence of the Visconti family , while the political capital of the state was Milan . North of the castle a wide park was enclosed , also including the Certosa of Pavia , founded 1396 according to a vow of Gian Galeazzo Visconti , meant to be a sort of private chapel of the Visconti dynasty . The Battle of Pavia ( 1525 ) , climax of the Italian Wars , took place inside the castle park .
Battle of Carumbé The Battle of Carumbé ( Portuguese : " Batalha de Carumbé " ) , ( Spanish : " Batalla de Carumbé " ) was a battle fought between an army of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves and the rebel forces of José Artigas commanded by himself . The battle resulted in a decisive Portuguese victory , as Artigas ' plans to invade Brazil were permanently ruined .
Donald J . Hughes Donald J . Hughes ( April 2 , 1915 - April 12 , 1960 ) was an American nuclear physicist , chiefly notable as one of the signers of the Franck Report in June , 1945 , recommending that the United States not use the atomic bomb as a weapon to prompt the surrender of Japan in World War II . Before the war Hughes worked at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory . By June 1945 , the U . S . was deciding whether to use an atomic bomb against Japan , and a very few nuclear scientists knew about the weapon ' s potential . Some , including Hughes , were wary , and wanted to urge the President of the United States to choose a different option . Arthur Compton appointed a committee to meet in secret , in all - night sessions in a highly secure environment . This committee included Hughes , and was chaired by James Franck . The final report , largely written by committee - member Eugene Rabinowitch , recommended that the nuclear bomb not be used , and proposed that either a demonstration of the " new weapon " be made before the eyes of representatives of all of the United Nations , on a barren island or desert , or to try to keep the existence of the nuclear bomb secret for as long as possible . The advice of the " Franck Report " was not followed , however , and the U . S . dropped nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki . After the war Hughes went to Brookhaven National Laboratory and formed a group of physicists working on contemporary problems in nuclear science . His work centered on the neutron . Many of his publications were translated into Russian ; more copies of his work were printed in the USSR than in the USA . He also spent one year at Oxford teaching . Hughes died suddenly in 1960 .
29th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 29th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 29th Maine Infantry was organized in Augusta , Maine and mustered in December 17 , 1863 for three years ' service under the command of Colonel George Lafayette Beal . Company A and Company D were transferred in from the 10th Maine Infantry Battalion on May 30 , 1864 . The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , XIX Corps , Department of the Gulf , to July 1864 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , XIX Corps , Department of the Gulf and Army of the Shenandoah , Middle Military Division , to March 1865 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , Army of the Shenandoah , to April 1865 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , Department of Washington , to June 1865 . District of South Carolina , Department of the South , to June 1866 . Company A mustered out October 18 , 1864 at the expiration of its original enlistment . The remainder of the 29th Maine Infantry mustered out of service June 21 , 1866 . Detailed service . Left Maine for New Orleans , La . , January 31 , arriving February 16 , 1864 . Moved to Brashear City , La . , February 20 , 1864 ; then to Franklin February 21 . Red River Campaign March 10 - May 22 . Advance from Franklin to Alexandria March 14 – 26 . Battle of Sabine Cross Roads April 8 . Pleasant Hill April 9 . Monett ' s Bluff , Cane River Crossing , April 23 . At Alexandria April 25 - May 13 . Construction of dam at Alexandria April 30 - May 10 . Retreat to Morganza May 13 – 22 . Mansura May 16 . Duty at Morganza until July 2 . Moved to New Orleans , then to Washington , D . C . , July 2 – 13 . Snicker ' s Gap Expedition July 14 – 23 . Sheridan ' s Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7 - November 28 . Berryville August 21 and September 3 – 4 . Battle of Opequan , Winchester , September 19 . Fisher ' s Hill September 22 . Battle of Cedar Creek October 19 . Duty near Middletown until November 9 . At Newton until December 30 , and at Stevenson ' s Depot until April 1865 . Moved to Washington , D . C . , and duty there April 22 to June 1 . Provost duty during the Grand Review of the Armies May 23 – 24 . Moved to Savannah , Ga . , June 1 – 5 , then to Georgetown , S . C . , June 14 – 15 . Duty at various points in South Carolina , with headquarters at Darlington until March 1865 . Moved to Hilton Head , S . C . , March 27 , and duty there until June 21 . ( A detachment at Helena and Seabrook Islands . ) Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 237 men during service ; 2 officers and 40 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 4 officers and 191 enlisted men due to disease .