naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Korea Area Incentive Program The Korea Area Incentive Program or KAIP ( called by its initials K - A - I - P or pronounced like " cape " ) is a system which gives members of the U . S . military an incentive pay for voluntarily extending their tour of duty in the Republic of Korea . Reasons . A typical tour of duty in South Korea is unaccompanied and one year in duration . This provides for a number of problems involving unit and mission continuity as people are constantly coming , being trained , training their replacements , and then leaving . The KAIP is a chance for the member to receive extra money in exchange for staying for two years instead of one . Terms . KAIP typically pays a member $ 300 ( taxable ) extra per month for every month that they are in Korea . Over a two year tour , this can amount to an extra $ 7 , 200 . Some units may allow a member to renew KAIP for a third year . Acceptance of KAIP means losing the chance to take advantage of the follow - on base program . Follow - ons are the number one reason why the service members do short tours in the first place . Typically , if a member gains accompanied status ( called command sponsorship ) , then their regular tour is extended to two years . If they sign up for KAIP then it becomes a three year tour . Some services require the member to accept or decline KAIP before their Permanent Change of Station . Others allow the member the option of signing up after they have been in Korea no more than three months . In that case the KAIP money goes into effect upon signing .
Immortal Six Hundred In 1864 , the Confederate Army imprisoned 50 Union Army officers as human shield s against federal artillery in the city of Charleston , South Carolina , in an attempt to stop Union artillery from firing upon civilians in the city . In retaliation , United States Secretary of War Edwin M . Stanton ordered six hundred captured Confederate officers to be taken to Morris Island , South Carolina , at the entrance to Charleston Harbor and used as human shield s for forty - five days in an attempt to silence the Confederate gunners manning Fort Sumter . These men became known in the South as the Immortal Six Hundred . At one point General Foster planned an exchange of the six hundred , but it was stopped by General Grant who had previously terminated all prisoner of war exchanges and wrote , " In no circumstances will he be allowed to make exchanges of prisoners of war . " Three of the six hundred died from subsistence on starvation rations issued as retaliation for the conditions found by the Union at the prisons in Andersonville , Georgia , and Salisbury , North Carolina . Upon an outbreak of yellow fever in Charleston , the Union officers were removed from the city limits . In response the Union Army transferred the Immortal Six Hundred to Fort Pulaski outside of Savannah . There they were crowded into the fort ’ s cold , damp casemates . For 42 days , a " retaliation ration " of ten ounces of moldy cornmeal and half a pint of soured onion pickles was the only food issued to the prisoners . The starving men were reduced to supplementing their rations with the occasional rat or stray cat . Thirteen men died there of diseases such as dysentery and scurvy . At Fort Pulaski , the prisoners organized " The Relief Association of Fort Pulaski for Aid and Relief of the Sick and Less Fortunate Prisoners " on December 13 , 1864 . Col . Abram Fulkerson of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment was elected president . Out of their sparse funds , the prisoners collected and expended eleven dollars , according to a report filed by Fulkerson on December 28 , 1864 . Five later died at Hilton Head Island , South Carolina . The remaining prisoners were returned to Fort Delaware on March 12 , 1865 , where another twenty - five died . A notable escape effort was led by Captain Henry Dickinson of the 2nd Virginia Calvary . On the prisoner ' s journey to Fort Delaware , Dickinson organized a group of thirteen officers , including Colonel Paul F . DeGournay of the 12th Battalion , Louisiana Artillery and Colonel George Woolfolk , to try to escape from the gunboat . However , the effort failed when the captain of the ship noticed one of the 13 men was missing , leading the prisoners to the brig below the deck of the ship . The prisoners became known throughout the South for their refusal to take the Oath of Allegiance under adverse circumstances . Southerners have long lauded their refusal as honorable and principled . References . Joslyn , Mauriel Phillips . Immortal Captives : The Story of 600 Confederate Officers and the U . S . Prisoner of War Policy . White Mane Publishing , 1996 .
William Frederick Cavaye Major - General William Frederick Cavaye ( 15 February 1845 – 30 January 1926 ) was a British military officer and Municipal Reform Party politician . He was the eldest son of General William Cavaye and his wife Isabella née Hutchinson , and was born in Edinburgh , Scotland . Following schooling at Edinburgh Academy and in Charlton he entered the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . In 1865 Cavaye was commissioned as an ensign into the 107th Regiment of Foot . He rose through the officer ranks to become a major in 1881 , having served with distinction in the Anglo - Zulu War of 1879 . The 107th Foot became the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Sussex Regiment under the Childers reforms of 1881 : Cavaye became the battalion ' s commanding officer with the rank of lieutenant - colonel in 1883 . Cavaye was further promoted , becoming Assistant Adjutant General and Chief of Staff of the Southern District with the rank of Colonel . He served in the Second Boer War of 1899 – 1902 , and was mentioned in dispatches . In 1906 he began his involvement in local government , when he was elected to Kensington Borough Council , in the County of London . He was one of nine councillors for the Brompton ward of the royal borough , all members of the Conservative - backed Municipal Reform Party . He was mayor of the borough for two consecutive terms in 1907 – 1909 . He remained a member of the borough council until his death , latterly as an alderman . In 1910 he was elected to the London County Council as a Municipal Reform councillor for South Kensington . He held the seat for fifteen years before retiring from the LCC at the 1925 election due to ill - health . In the meantime he had returned to active service . He was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd East Anglian Division in November 1914 with the rank of brigadier - general . The division did not serve abroad , but Cavaye subsequently served on " special service " with the British Expeditionary Force in France from 1917 – 1919 , and was raised to the rank of major - general . From 1919 – 1920 he was a King ' s Messenger . In 1862 Cavaye married Ada Mary Barttelot , youngest daughter of Walter Barttelot , member of parliament for West Sussex . He died at his London home , 6 Neville Terrace , SW7 , on 30 January 1926 . He was buried , following a military funeral , at Stopham , Sussex . In 1937 two Kensington streets , Chelsea Grove and Clifton Place , were combined into a single thoroughfare named " Cavaye Place " in honour of the general .
Patrick MacGill Patrick MacGill ( 24 December 1889 – November 1963 ) was an Irish journalist , poet and novelist , known as " The Navvy Poet " because he had worked as a navvy before he began writing . MacGill was born in Glenties , County Donegal . A statue in his honour is on the bridge where the main street crosses the river in Glenties . During the First World War , MacGill served with the London Irish Rifles ( 1 / 18th Battalion , The London Regiment ) and was wounded at the Battle of Loos on 28 October 1915 . He was recruited into Military Intelligence , and wrote for MI 7b between 1916 and the Armistice in 1918 . - See " MI 7b - the discovery of a lost archive of propaganda from the Great War " . MacGill wrote a memoir - type novel called " Children of the Dead End " . In early 2008 , a docu - drama starring Stephen Rea was made about the life of Patrick MacGill . One of the film ' s locations was the boathouse of Edinburgh Canal Society at Edinburgh on the Union Canal , and one of its rowing boats . An annual literary summer school is held in Glenties in mid July each year in his honour .
Aero A . 25 The Aero A . 25 was a biplane military trainer aircraft developed in Czechoslovakia from the Aero A . 11 reconnaissance - bomber and generally similar to the Aero A . 21 night trainer . Some A . 25s were powered by the less powerful 134 kW ( 180 hp ) Breitfeld & Danek Perun I engines , in which case they were designated Aero A . 125 .
Ernst - Siegfried Steen Ernst - Siegfried Steen ( 25 September 1912 – 23 September 1941 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Ernst - Siegfried Steen was killed on 23 September 1941 after being hit by anti - aircraft fire from the cruiser Kirov in Kronstadt harbour . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 17 October 1941 .
HMCS Gulnare HMCS " Gulnare " was a Canadian government ship that served as a patrol boat and guard vessel for the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) during the First World War . Origins and early years . The " Gulnare " was a steel trawler type vessel , originally used by the British Admiralty for survey work in Newfoundland waters . Acquired by Canada in 1902 the " Gulnare " was refitted was used for tidal and current survey work on the East Coast , as well as on the lower Saint Lawrence River . As one of the ships in the Canadian Hydrographic Survey , she was transferred from the Department of Marine and Fisheries to the Department of Naval Service when the latter was created in 1910 . In 1912 , she was transferred from survey work to duties as a tender and relief lightship in the lower Saint Lawrence . First World War . " Gulnare " was placed under naval control in 1914 . She spent at least part of the war in Halifax , and was serving as a guard vessel for Bedford Basin at the time of the Halifax Explosion , but suffered minimal damage . One researcher has postulated that " Gulnare " might be the ship in the foreground of a well - known photograph of the explosion ' s pyrocumulus cloud . Postwar . " Gulnare " was used for contraband patrols in 1918 and 1919 before being returned to the Department of Marine and Fisheries in 1920 . Sources disagree about the details of her postwar career , although they do agree that she served as a tender and lightship , and was also used for tidal surveys and other work . According to one source , she was used for tidal survey work between 1931 and 1936 , but was sold in 1937 because she was unsuited for this work in the more open waters of the lower Saint Lawrence . " Gulnare " may have been used by the RCN during the Second World War , and was scrapped in 1946 or 1949 .
763d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron The 763d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit . It was last known to be assigned to the 363d Air Expeditionary Operations Group , Al Dhafra Air Base , United Arab Emirates . The 363 AEOG was inactivated on 26 August 2003 . The squadron ' s current status is undetermined . The World War II 763d Bombardment Squadron was a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron , last assigned to the 460th Bombardment Group , which was stationed at Natal Airport , Brazil . It was inactivated on 26 September 1945 . History . Activated as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomber squadron in mid - 1943 , it was assigned to II Bomber Command . It was primarily trained in New Mexico and Utah . The unit received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in August 1943 . It first moved to Georgia and Virginia , where the squadron flew coastal patrol missions over the southeast US , between October 1943 and January 1944 while its base in Italy was being constructed . The squadron deployed to southern Italy and entered combat in January 1944 , being assigned to the Fifteenth Air Force 55th Bombardment Wing . It was engaged in very long - range strategic bombing missions on enemy military , industrial and transportation targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Hungary , Romania and Yugoslavia . It bombed railroad marshalling yards , oil refineries , airdrome installations , heavy industry and other strategic objectives . The squadron flew its last World War II combat mission on 26 April 1945 . After V - E Day , it was assigned to the ' Green Project ' , the movement of troops from Europe to the United States via the South Atlantic transport route . B - 24s were modified with sealed bomb bays , the removal of all defensive armament and the fuselage was equipped with seating to carry approximately 30 personnel . It was assigned to Air Transport Command at Waller Field , Trinidad and to Natal , Brazil . It moved personnel from Dakar in French West Africa , where personnel were conveyed across the South Atlantic to Brazil and eventually to Morrison Field , Florida via Trinidad . The squadron provided air transport until the end of September when it was inactivated . The squadron was reactivated by a re - designation of the 4413th Air Refueling Squadron , Provisional , on 1 December 1988 . Its mission was to provide combat refueling of Coalition aircraft assigned to United States Air Forces Central , primarily as part of Operation Southern Watch . It supported Operation Enduring Freedom beginning in 2002 , and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 . Its host unit , the 363 AEOG , was inactivated on 26 August 2003 with the closing of United States facilities at Prince Sultan Air Base , Saudi Arabia .
145 ( South ) Brigade ( United Kingdom ) 145 ( South ) Brigade is a regional brigade of the British Army . History . First formed in 1908 as the 145th Infantry Brigade , the brigade , together with 143 Brigade and 144 Brigade eventually formed the 48th ( South Midland ) Division in Second Army during World War I . The brigade was in continuous service in France until the Armistice in 1918 when it was disbanded . During this period it was composed of four infantry battalions : The Brigade saw action in France at the start of the Second World War as part of 48th ( South Midland ) Division . Following its withdrawal , it became a training formation in the UK until it was again disbanded in 1945 . In 1994 , 145 Brigade was reformed through the renaming of Aldershot Area , part of the old South - Eastern District , assuming responsibility for all army units in the Isle of Wight , Hampshire , Berkshire , Oxfordshire , Buckinghamshire , Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire . In doing so it joined 4th Division . The Present . It became 145 ( South ) Brigade in 2007 and currently has its headquarters in Aldershot , Hampshire , England . It administers the counties of Oxfordshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Hampshire and the Isle of Wight . It also directly commands Regular Army and Territorial Army ( TA ) soldiers and Army cadets . These comprise one TA infantry battalion ( 7 Rifles ) , two University Officers ' Training Corps ( Oxford and Southampton Universities ) and four Army County Cadet Forces . The Brigade moved into a new headquarters building , named Roebuck House , in November 2011 . The building will be officially opened in 2012 . With the disbandment of 4th Division , the brigade came under the control of the new Support Command on 2 April 2012 . Under Army 2020 , this Brigade will not exist .
Safwan Air Base Safwan Air Base is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Basra Governorate of Iraq . It was captured by Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 . Overview . The facility was an auxiliary airfield , consisting of a 10 , 000 foot runway and a small aircraft parking ramp . In March 1991 it was the location of the Safwan Airfield Standoff and signing of the Cease - Fire which suspended Operation Desert Storm . It was apparently abandoned after the cease - fire and was later seized by Coalition ground forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in March 2003 . Today the airfield is abandoned in some desert / agricultural fields ; the long runway has numerous tire markings on it , probably being used for touch / go landings but otherwise unused .
Edward Pemberton Leach General Sir Edward Pemberton Leach VC KCB KCVO ( 2 April 1847 – 27 April 1913 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Sir Edward born in Londonderry , Ireland , and was educated at Highgate School , England . Military career . Leach was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1866 . He was 31 years old , and a captain in the Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army and with Bengal Sappers and Miners ( British Indian Army ) during the Second Anglo - Afghan War when the following deed took place on 17 March 1879 near Maidanah , Afghanistan for which he was awarded the VC . After this incident promotion followed and he was made Commander of 24 Field Company during the Suakin Expedition in 1885 . By 1899 he was General Officer Commanding Belfast in which capacity he founded the Ballykinlar training camp . He was General Officer Commanding 9th ( Scottish ) Division from 1902 to 1905 and then General Officer Commanding - in - Chief for Scottish Command from 1905 to 1909 before he retired in 1912 . He died in Cadenabbia , Lake Como , Italy on 27 April 1913 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum , Chatham , England . References . Listed in order of publication year
Battle of Hova The Battle of Hova was fought in Hova , Sweden on 14 June 1275 between peasants commanded by Valdemar of Sweden and Danish cavalry commanded by Magnus III of Sweden and his brother Erik . The result was that Valdemar had to flee to Norway and Magnus became king of Sweden as Magnus III .
Thomas Cameron Thomas Wright Moir Cameron , ( 29 April 1894 – 1 January 1980 ) was a Canadian veterinarian and parasitologist . Born in Glasgow , Scotland , he received a Bachelor of Science in veterinary science , a Master of Arts in parasitology , a Ph . D . in parasitology , and a Doctor of Science in zoology from the University of Glasgow and University of Edinburgh . During World War I , he served with the Highland Light Infantry and as a captain in the Royal Flying Corps . In 1932 , he was appointed the founding director of the Institute of Parasitology at Macdonald College , McGill University . He served as president of the Royal Society of Canada ( 1957 – 1958 ) , Canadian Society of Microbiologists ( 1960 ) , Canadian Society of Zoologists ( 1961 – 1962 ) , and the World Federation of Parasitologists ( 1964 – 1970 ) . He is the author of " The Parasites of Man in Temperate Climates " ( University of Toronto Press , 1946 ) , " The Parasites of Domestic Animals : A Manual for Veterinary Students and Surgeons " ( Lippincott , 1951 ) , and " Parasites and parasitism " ( Methuen , 1956 ) . Honours . In 1972 , he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada " for his contributions to the advancement of science " . In 1957 , he was awarded the Royal Society of Canada ' s Flavelle Medal . He also received the Canadian Centennial Medal . In 1960 , he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of British Columbia .
HMS BYMS - 2282 HMS " BYMS - 2282 was a of the Royal Navy during the Second World War . She was built as YMS - 282 for the United States Navy but was transferred under Lend - Lease to the United Kingdom upon completion and never commissioned into the United States Navy . " BYMS - 2282 " was transferred to the Polish Navy after conclusion of the war and served as ORP " Mors . Career . She was laid down on 15 August 1942 as " YMS - 282 " by the San Diego Marine Construction Co . , San Diego , California and launched on 30 November 1942 . Upon completion on 26 August 1943 , she was transferred to the Royal Navy under Lend - Lease as HMS " BYMS - 2282 " . She participated , along with in the aftermath of the sinking of the with . She was transferred to the Polish Navy on 18 April 1948 as ORP " Mors " and struck on 8 January 1957 . Her ultimate fate is unknown .
Burevestnik Airport Burevestnik ( also Iturup ICAO : UHSB , " Tennei - hikōjyō " ) is a military air base on Iturup Island , Russia , establishing the nation ' s presence on the disputed Kuril Islands with the largest airfield in the region . It is also the former Soviet Union ' s most remote interceptor base , home of 387 IAP ( 387th Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) . During the 1970s it flew MiG - 21 bis and upgraded to MiG - 23 jets in 1983 . Burevestnik ' s communications and logistics were tied to Yuzhno - Sakhalinsk and supplies were flown in weekly on An - 12 aircraft . Burevestnik ' s close proximity to Japan ' s highly populated Hokkaidō Island , by only 190 km , and to major aviation corridors kept the base in a state of constant alert . In 1968 , an American Douglas DC - 8 was forced to land here after straying off course in the Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253 incident . In April 1983 , Burevestnik ' s MiG - 21 s were alerted due to a close approach of American F - 14 aircraft but did not take off due to bad weather . , a Digital Globe high resolution satellite image accessible through Google Earth showed no evidence of interceptor or other fixed - wing aircraft on the base , other than one non - swept wing transport aircraft occupying the otherwise empty aircraft parking areas . The images also show an old parallel runway about 1 km northeast of the main concrete runway , measuring approximately 1200 m long and 70 m wide .
INS Kesari ( L15 ) INS " Kesari " ( L15 ) was a Kumbhir class landing ship of the Indian Navy . History . Built at the Gdańsk Shipyard in Poland , INS " Kesari " was commissioned on 15 August 1975 . She was decommissioned in 8 May 1999 . Her legacy was carried forward by the Shardul class landing ship , .
Battle of Delft The Battle of Delft was a naval battle on December 25 , 2007 and part of the Sri Lankan Civil War . The Sri Lankan Navy claimed that it received reports of a boat cluster moving off of Delft Island . After moving in to investigate clashes erupted and fierce sea battle ensued . Both sides claimed to have victory . The pro - rebel Tamilnet claimed that the Sea Tigers sank one Sri Lankan Navy vessel and the Sri Lankan Navy suffered casualty . However , the Sri Lankan Defense ministry claimed that 6 Tiger boats were sunk and over 40 Tigers were killed .
Battle of El Quilo The battle of el Quilo , fought during the Chilean War of Independence , occurred at el Quilo , on the southern side of the Itata river , on 19 March 1814 . Background . By January 1814 , Royalist forces had received reinforcements from the Viceroy of Peru and had taken the Patriot stronghold of Talca in March . This had split the line of communication between the two main Patriot armies , led by Bernardo O ' Higgins and Juan Mackenna respectively . Gabino Gaínza , the Royalist commander , sent Manuel Barañao with a vanguard of troops , some 400 strong , across the Itata river to prevent O ' Higgins from reuniting his army with Mackenna ' s , resulting in the battle of el Quilo . The battle . Barañao ' s force comprised around 400 men and had been placed in defensive positions on the south side of the Itata river , supported by the main body of Gaínza ' s men on the other side . O ' Higgins instead immediately launched an attack without pausing to assess the situation , relying on his larger force and aggression . Barañao ' s men did not receive reinforcements from Gaínza during the battle and were forced to retreat from their positions . Aftermath . Concerned that if he pursued Barañao , the royalist commanders would recombine their forces and defeat him , O ' Higgins instead entrenched his existing position and stayed on his bank of the river . In turn , the Royalist forces turned north across the river against the forces of Mackenna , leading to the battle of Membrillar a few days later .