naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Frenchman Flat Frenchman Flat is a hydrographic basin in the Nevada National Security Site south of Yucca Flat and north of Mercury , Nevada . The flat was used as an and has a dry lake bed ( Frenchman Lake ) that was used as a 1950s airstrip before it was chosen after the start of the Korean War for the Nevada Proving Grounds . Nellis Air Force Base land was transferred to the Atomic Energy Commission on which Site Mercury was constructed on the flat for supporting . The 1951 Operation Ranger " Able " test ( ground zero at UTM Coordinates 923758 on the flat ) was the first continental US nuclear detonation after the 1945 Trinity test , and Frenchman Flat also had the only detonation of an American artillery - fired nuclear projectile in the 1953 Upshot - Knothole Grable test using the M65 Atomic Cannon . Area 5 . Area 5 consists of of the southeastern portion of NTS , north of the town of Mercury , and includes the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site , the Hazardous Waste Storage Unit , and the Spill Test Facility . In the decade 1951 – 1962 , 14 above ground nuclear tests were conducted at Frenchman Flat ; several of these atmospheric tests were weapons effects tests . A relatively modest 8 - kiloton blast in January 1951 broke storefront windows in Las Vegas . Tests to determine building damage by nuclear blast left remains at the site , remains that are of historical interest . Five underground nuclear weapons were detonated at Frenchman Flat between 1965 and 1968 . A carbonate aquifer makes Area 5 not as well suited to underground testing , so there were fewer detonations carried out . Waste management . The Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site covers , a section of desert land used for low - level waste disposal . Mixed waste , including transuranic mixed waste , is stored . Nonproliferation Test and Evaluation Complex . The Nonproliferation Test and Evaluation Complex ( NPTEC ) , formerly called the Hazardous Material ( HAZMAT ) Spill Center , is located on Frenchman Flat in Area 5 , a natural geological basin . It is the world ' s largest facility for open - air testing of hazardous materials and biological simulants . It includes a control building with data acquisition and recording instruments , a command and control computer , and support personnel . The test area has a tank farm , a wind tunnel , elevated stacks and spill pans , and storage tanks for the test chemicals . The facility houses both large - scale and small - scale hazardous materials testing and training . It provides a secure test - bed , calibrated release systems , weather data , ground truth instrumentation , and logistics in field verification and validation of technology . Area 11 . Area 11 covers of the eastern border of NTS . Four atmospheric plutonium - dispersal safety tests were conducted in the northern portion of Area 11 in 1954 and 1956 . Hazardous residues from these tests continue to provide a realistic environment for safety training , radiological monitoring , sampling instruction and first - responder drills . Five underground nuclear weapons were detonated in Area 11 from 1966 to 1971 .
Djiboutian Civil War The Djiboutian Civil War ( also known as the Afar insurgency ) was a conflict in Djibouti between the People ' s Rally for Progress ( RPP ) government ( predominantly Issa in ethnicity ) and the predominantly Afar rebel group , the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy ( FRUD ) . This civil war broke out in November 1991 as a reaction to the lack of Afar presence in the government despite representing a sizeable percentage of the country ' s population . That month , Afar rebels laid siege to the northern towns of Tadjoura and Obock and captured all the military posts in the country ’ s north . Fighting occurred mainly in northern areas . In one controversial incident , however , in the capital city of Djibouti on December 18 , 1991 , government troops moved into the Afar Arhiba District of the capital and opened fire on crowds ; at least 59 people were killed . In February 1992 , some French troops were deployed in the north to aid the government forces . Additionally , France tried to mediate between the government and FRUD , but peace talks in November 1992 failed , as did ones in May 1993 . The government launched an offensive on July 5 , 1993 , which recaptured much of the rebel - held territory . The government responded by enlarged its armed forces from 5 , 000 to 16 , 000 men . This renewed fighting , however , caused thousands of Djiboutians to flee to neighboring Ethiopia . A moderate faction of FRUD signed a peace accord with the government on December 26 , 1994 , effectively ending the conflict , although a radical faction continued small - scale armed resistance , eventually signing its own peace agreement in 2001 . Two FRUD members were made cabinet members , and beginning with the presidential elections of 1999 the FRUD has campaigned in support of the RPP .
Type D submarine The was a type of the 1st class submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy serving during the Second World War . The was different from the " I - 361 " class , however since the " I - 373 " was a development form of the " I - 361 " class , this article describes both of them . The IJN called them as follows : Construction . After the Battle of Midway the IJN immediately planned a transport submarine . The type was based on the " U 155 Deutschland " . Her duties were transportation of troops ( 110 men , 10 tons freight and 2 landing crafts ) in the areas where the enemy had air superiority . Later the demands for her were changed in sequence . The final demands were 65 tons in the hull and 25 tons on the upper deck ( freight only ) . In the beginning the IJN did not intend to equip these boats with torpedo s . Later , after strong demands from the front commanders , it was decided to equip them with torpedoes for self - defense . The " I - 372 " class was designed as a tanker submarine based on the " I - 361 " class . They were not allowed to be loaded with torpedoes . Service . In 1944 , their missions were transport from mainland Japan to remote islands . They had little success and suffered big damages . Of the 13 submarines , only 4 survived war . Kaiten missions . In 1945 , 7 submarines were converted to be " Kaiten " mother ships and assigned to the suicide attack operations for the . They removed all guns and piled up five " Kaiten " s on upper deck . Boats in classes . " I - 372 " class . Project number S51B . She was going to become a lead ship of the " Modified Type D " submarines ( " I - 373 " class ) , at first . However , the IJN wanted a submarine as soon as possible . She was built to tanker submarine by a revised " I - 361 " drawings . " I - 373 " class . Project number S51C . Improved model of the " I - 361 " class . Furthermore , the IJN was planned reinforced model of the " I - 373 " class , also . However all of they were cancelled .
Hans Barthle Hans Barthle ( 5 February 1914 – 27 April 1987 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
71st Coorg Rifles The 71st Coorg Rifles were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1767 , when they were raised as the 15th Battalion Coast Sepoys . The regiment served in the Third Anglo - Mysore War but saw no more active service during the nineteenth century . In 1901 as the 11th Madras Infantry , it was reorganised and the basis of recruitment changed from Madrasi to Coorg soldiers . The Coorgs had not previously been recruited into the Indian Army . The restructured regiment was renamed the 71st Coorg Rifles in 1903 , and given dark green uniforms with scarlet facings . Most unusually in the Indian Army , red fezs are reported to have been worn . They were disbanded in 1904 because of insufficient recruits and the mess funds and silver were bequeathed to the newly raised 2 / 9th Gurkha Rifles . In 1942 Coorgs were again recruited into the newly raised 1st Coorg Battalion . Like the 71st Coorg Rifles , the new battalion had a badge incorporating crossed Coorg knives . In 1946 it was converted to the 37 ( Coorg ) Anti - Tank Regiment of the Royal Indian Artillery .
Bucentaure - class ship of the line The " Bucentaure " class was a class of 80 - gun French ships of the line built to a design by Jacques - Noël Sané from 1802 onwards , of which at least 29 were ordered but only 21 ships were launched . They were a development from his earlier " Tonnant " class . Ships in class . No other vessels of this design were completed , the following were begun at Antwerp , but taken over in 1814 by the Netherlands , and broken up on the stocks . A further ship to this same design was begun as the " Saturno " in May 1812 at Venice , and was renamed " Ems " by the Austrians following their seizure of that city , but was broken up on the stocks in 1818 - 19 . A second ship was ordered at Venice in 1813 , but was never laid down . Finally a further ship of this class was ordered in 1812 at Rochefort , but was never laid down or even assigned a name .
653d Bombardment Squadron The 653d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with VIII Fighter Command , based at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 19 December 1945 . History . Operations . Weather reconnaissance in ETO , 10 August 1944 – 26 September 1945 .
Fusta The fusta or fuste ( also called " foist " or " galliot " ) was a narrow , light and fast ship with shallow draft , powered by both oar s and sail — in essence a small galley . It typically had 12 to 18 two - man rowing benches on each side , a single mast with a lateen ( triangular ) sail , and usually carried two or three guns . The sail was used to cruise and save the rowers ’ energy , while the oars propelled the ship in and out of harbor and during combat . The fusta was the favorite ship of the North African corsairs of Salé and the Barbary Coast . Its speed , mobility , capability to move without wind , and its ability to operate in shallow water — crucial for hiding in coastal waters before pouncing on a passing ship — made it ideal for war and piracy . It was mainly with fustas that the Barbarossa brothers , Baba Aruj and Khair ad Din , carried out the Turkish conquest of North Africa and the rescue of Mudéjar s and Morisco s from Spain after the fall of Granada , and that they and the other North African corsairs used to wreak terror upon Christian shipping and the islands and coastal areas of the Mediterranean in the 16th and 17th centuries .
Ypenburg Airport Ypenburg Airport ( Dutch : Vliegveld Ypenburg ) , which later became Ypenburg Air Base was an airport in the Netherlands near the city of The Hague . The ICAO code was EHYP . History . The airfield was established in 1936 , initially for recreational purposes . At the beginning of World War II German forces attempted to capture the airfield , in 1940 , via an airborne landing during the Battle for The Hague . This failed however and Dutch forces recaptured the airfield . After the Netherlands eventually surrendered to Germany , the Luftwaffe made no use of the airfield during the remainder of the war . After the war the field remained a civilian airport until 1955 , when it was turned into an Air Base . After 1968 , operations decreased significantly ; the Air Base was used mainly as a VIP airport for politicians and the royal family . In 1982 it was decided to close the Air Base , but it was not until 1992 that it was abandoned by the Royal Netherlands Air Force . Among the last aircraft to use the airport were military cargo aircraft heading towards Kuwait during the Gulf War . In 1997 a new residential area was constructed on the site of the airport , Leidschenveen - Ypenburg . Very little remains of the airport today , the former air traffic control tower being a notable exception .
Amaziah B . James Amaziah Bailey James ( July 1 , 1812 Stephentown , Rensselaer County , New York - July 6 , 1883 Ogdensburg , St . Lawrence County , New York ) was an American lawyer and politician from New York . Life . His family removed to Sweden , New York in 1814 . At the age of fourteen , he was apprenticed to a printer Batavia , New York . He removed to Ogdensburg in 1831 , and edited there the " Northern Light " , a weekly newspaper . He later became co - owner of the " Times and Advertiser " , the Whig paper of St . Lawrence County . He became a captain of the Ogdensburg Artillery in 1836 , and was later promoted to major general of the New York State Militia . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1838 , and commenced practice in Ogdensburg . He was a justice of the New York Supreme Court ( 4th District ) from 1854 to 1876 , and was ex officio a judge of the New York Court of Appeals in 1861 and 1869 . He was a member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington , D . C . , in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war . James was elected as a Republican to the 45th and 46th United States Congresses , and served from March 4 , 1877 , to March 3 , 1881 . While serving his second term in Congress , he was stricken with " paralysis " , from which he partially recovered . He was buried at the City Cemetery in Ogdensburg .
Adolf Gutknecht Oberleutnant Adolf Gutknecht ( born 12 September 1891 , date of death unknown ) was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories . Adolf Gutknecht was born in Badingen , Germany on 12 September 1891 . In the years before World War I , he joined the army as a cadet . In the beginning of the war , he campaigned in France , Bulgaria , and Macedonia . He transferred to aviation as an aerial observer , and scored a victory in June 1916 . He subsequently became a pilot , having won both classes of the Iron Cross . On 1 June 1918 , he became Staffelführer of Jagdstaffel 43 . The squadron was mounted on Albatros D . III and Albatros D . V a fighters . It would remain at Haubourdin Aerodrome until 22 August , by which time Gutknecht would have run his victory string to five confirmed and one unconfirmed . He was also promoted to oberleutnant . Gutknecht won three more victories while remaining in command of Jasta 43 until 2 November 1918 . He was in hospital from 25 October onwards to war ' s end , however .
SS Saar Saar was a 1 , 026 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1937 by Stettiner Oderwerke AG , Stettin for German owners . She was seized by the Allies at Kolding , Denmark in May 1945 , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and renamed Empire Congleton . In 1946 , she was passed to the Soviet Union and renamed " Donetz " ( Донец ) . Description . The ship was built in 1937 by Stettiner Oderwerke AG , Stettin . The ship was long , with a beam of a depth of . She had a GRT of 1 , 026 and a NRT of 560 . The ship was propelled by a compound steam engine which had two cylinders of and two cylinders of diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Ottensener Maschinenbau GmbH , Altona . History . " Saar " was built for R C Gribel . Her port of registry was Stettin and she used the Code Letters DAYW . In February 1945 , " Saar " was one of the ship involved in the tranpsortation of refugees from Pillau , Soviet Union to Swinemünde , Germany . In May 1945 , " Saar " was seized by the Allies at Kolding , Denmark . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Congleton " . Her port of registry was changed to London . She was allocated the Code Letters GNML and the United Kingdom Official Number 180703 . In 1946 she was passed to the Soviet Union and renamed " Donetz " .
Russian tender Veliky Knyaz Konstantin Veliky Knyaz Konstantin ( ) was the name of a torpedo boat tender of the Russian Navy named after the Grand Duke " ( Veliky Knyaz ) " Konstantin of Russia , and which served in the Russo - Turkish War of 1877 - 78 . Stepan Osipovich Makarov , a famous Russian Navy commander , was the captain of the ship . She was laid down as a passenger ship , but was fitted out as a torpedo boat tender to the design of Stepan Makarov in 1877 . She carried four small torpedo boat s : " Chesma " ( Чесма ) , " Sinop " ( Синоп ) , " Navarin " ( Наварин ) and " Miner " ( Минер ) .
M38 Wolfhound The M38 Wolfhound was a 6x6 US armored car produced in 1944 by the Chevrolet division of General Motors . It was designed as a replacement for the M8 Greyhound series , but the end of the war in 1945 led to the cancellation of the project after the completion of a handful of prototype vehicles . The Wolfhound had a crew of 4 and was armed with a 37 mm gun in a rotating open - topped turret , with ammunition load of 93 rounds . Secondary armament consisted of two machine guns ; one mounted co - axially with the main weapon , the other on an AA pintle mounting . It was powered by a Cadillac , 8 - cylinder , water - cooled engine . Each side featured three large tires on symmetrically placed axles , with distinctive curved mudguards . The frontal glacis plate was sharply sloped to improve protection . A radio antenna was mounted on the front right of the glacis . One M38 was modified to take the turret of an M24 Chaffee tank and went through a series of tests to check a possibility of upgunning the vehicle . The layout of the M38 was to influence later vehicles such as the Alvis Saladin , a post war British armored car .
Befehlshaber der U - Boote Befehlshaber der U - Boote ( BdU ) was the title of the supreme commander of the " Kriegsmarine " s U - boat Arm ( " Ubootwaffe " ) during World War II . The term also referred to the Command HQ of the U - boat arm itself The title was established on 17 October 1939 , when Karl Dönitz was promoted to Rear Admiral ( " Konteradmiral " ) . His previous title had been U - Boat Leader ( " Führer der U - Boote " ) , a position he had held from January 1936 . On 31 January 1943 Dönitz was promoted to Grand Admiral ( " Großadmiral " ) and became supreme commander ( " Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine " ) of the entire Kriegsmarine , replacing Erich Raeder . He retained the title , but was replaced as operational commander at BdU by his chief of staff Eberhard Godt . Godt ' s successor was Admiral Hans Georg von Friedeburg who held the position at the end of the war .
HMS Bullfinch ( 1898 ) HMS " Bullfinch " was a three funnel - 30 knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1896 – 1897 Naval Estimates . She was the third ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1857 for a 4 - gun wooden - screw gunboat . Construction . She was laid down on 17 September 1896 at the Earle ’ s Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited shipyard at Hull , Yorkshire and launched on 10 February 1898 . During her trials while steaming at 30 knots she suffered a major accident in which the connecting rod to the high pressure cylinder broke and released steam into the forward engine room . Eight individuals were killed and six were injured . The broken connecting rod puntured the hull and Lieutenant F . G . Dineley , RN ( in command during trials ) ordered the use of collision mats to stem the intake of water and she was able to make port . She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in June 1901 . Pre - War . After commissioning she was assigned to the Channel Fleet . She spent her operational career mainly in Home Waters operating with the Channel Fleet as part of the Devonport Flotilla . On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter ' A ' . Since her design speed was 30 - knots and she had three funnels she was assigned to the C Class . After 30 September 1913 , she was known as an C Class destroyer and had the letter ‘ C ’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel . World War I . In July 1914 she was in active commission in the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport tendered to HMS " Leander " , destroyer depot ship to the 7th Flotilla . In September 1914 the 7th was redeployed to the Humber River . She remained in this deployment until the cessation of hostilities . Her employment within the Humber Patrol included anti - submarine and counter mining patrols . On 15 August 1914 she was involved in a collision in British waters with the loss of 4 stokers . Disposition . In 1919 HMS " Bullfinch " was paid off and laid - up in reserve awaiting disposal . She was sold on 10 June 1919 to Young of Sunderland for breaking . She was not awarded a Battle Honour for her service . References . NOTE : All tabular data under General Characteristics only from the listed Jane ' s Fighting Ships volume unless otherwise specified
Robert M . Hanson Robert Murray Hanson ( February 4 , 1920 – February 3 , 1944 ) was a United States Marine Corps flying ace who shot down 25 Japanese planes from the South Pacific skies . He posthumous ly received the Medal of Honor . He is the elder brother of Edith Hanson and Earl Dorchester Hanson . Early years . Robert M . Hanson was the son of Methodist missionaries who served for several decades in India . In Lucknow , India , his playmates were Hindu children . He attended an American - run missionary school , Woodstock School , in Mussoorie in the Western Indian Himalaya s , along with his siblings . After attending junior high school in the United States , he returned to India to become light - heavyweight and heavy - weight wrestling champion of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh , at the time a large province in northern India . In his honor , the sports field at his " alma mater " Woodstock School in the Indian Himalayas is still named Hanson Field . World War II . In the spring of 1938 , on his way back to the United States to attend college , he bicycled his way through Europe and was in Vienna during the Anschluss . He was attending Hamline University , St . Paul , Minnesota , at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor . He enlisted for naval flight training in May 1942 and earned his wings and a Marine Corps commission as a second lieutenant on February 19 , 1943 in Corpus Christi , Texas . First Lieutenant Hanson arrived in the South Pacific in June 1943 and his daring tactics and total disregard for death soon became well known . A master of individual air combat , he downed 20 enemy planes in six consecutive flying days . He was commended in the citation accompanying the Medal of Honor for his bold attack against six enemy torpedo bombers , November 1 , 1943 , over Bougainville Island , and for bringing down four Zeros , the premier Japanese fighter , while fighting them alone over New Britain , January 24 , 1944 . A member of VMF - 215 flying the F4U Corsair , the ace was shot down twice . The first time , a Zero caught him over Bougainville Island . Bringing his plane down on the ocean , he paddled for six hours in a rubber life raft before being rescued by a destroyer . His second and fatal crash occurred one day before his twenty - fourth birthday . He was last seen on February 3 , 1944 , when his plane crashed into the sea while he was flying an escort mission over Rabaul , New Britain . He was subsequently declared killed in action . The Medal of Honor was presented to the lieutenant ' s mother by Maj . Gen . Lewie G . Merritt on August 19 , 1944 in Boston , Massachusetts . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to FIRST LIEUTENANT ROBERT M . HANSON UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE for service as set forth in the following CITATION : / S / FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT