naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st Colorado Cavalry The 1st Colorado Cavalry was formed in November 1862 by Territorial Governor John Evans , composed mostly of members of the 1st Colorado Infantry and of C and D Companies of the 2nd Colorado Infantry . It was formed both to protect Colorado against incursions from the Confederate forces and to fight the Native Americans who already inhabited the area . Command of this unit was given Colonel John Chivington , who had distinguished himself at the Battle of Glorietta Pass in the New Mexico Territory early in 1862 , against Confederate forces . The 1st Colorado Cavalry would go on under Chivington to perpetrate one of the most shameful slaughters of American Indians in history , the Sand Creek Massacre . Sand Creek Massacre . In early 1864 , the 1st Colorado Veteran Volunteers ( aka the Veterans Battalion ) appears to have initiated the Colorado War by attacking Cheyenne Indians at Fremont ' s Orchard . The resulting hostilities and Indian retaliations brought traffic on the wagon trail s into Denver to a standstill . Peace negotiations were in progress , and encampments of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians on Sand Creek had been assured by the US Government that they would not be attacked . Instead , in what is known as the Sand Creek Massacre , Chivington and his troops struck in November 1864 , a dawn attack that massacred an estimated one - quarter of the Indian encampments , mostly old men , women , and children . Body parts were taken as souvenirs and this event was the basis of the slaughter of an Indian village in the movies " Soldier Blue " and " Little Big Man " . Initial reports of the battle were taken as a victory in the US , but as details came out , opinions changed . A subsequent Congressional investigation resulted in a scorching castigation of the event , Colonel John Chivington , and the 1st Colorado Cavalry .
Edmund Kiss Edmund Kiss ( 1886 – 1960 ) was a German archaeologist and writer best known for his writings on Tiwanaku in Bolivia . Early life and writings . Edmund Kiss was born in Germany 1886 and later studied architecture and claimed he had also studied archeology , for which there is , however , no evidence . Later he participated in the First World War . After the Treaty of Versailles he first started writing a series of adventure novels in the prestigious collection " Der Gute Kamerad " , prevalent in the German speaking world , and in other publishing houses . Later he began non - fiction works especially adhered to the tenets of the pseudo - scientist Hans Hörbiger . In the 1920s and early 1930s he worked as a municipal officer responsible for the construction of public buildings . In the 1920s Edmund Kiss started writing his first books on alternative archeology and ancient mysticism . In his book entitled " The Last Queen of Atlantis " ( Die letzte Königin von Atlantis ) he equated the mythical northern land Thule to the origins of humanity . According to Kiss ' The inhabitants of Northern Atlantis were led by their leader Baldur Wieborg , a native of the mythical Thule who migrated all across the world ' . He later described the return journey of the Nordic Thulians to their mythical homeland in " The Swans of Thule " . Archaeology . In the late 1920s Kiss made a journey to the ruins at Tiwanaku in Bolivia . He was one of the first to suggest that the builders of Tiwanaku were far older than the traditional accepted date of 200 AD . In his book based on pseudo - archaeology , " La Puerta del Sol and the Doctrine of Tiahuanacu Ice Universal Hörbiger " published in 1937 , he suggested that the ruins were built by prehistoric Nordic Thulians more than 17 , 000 years ago . He also tied his theory to the Cosmic Ice Theory of Hörbiger . During the Third Reich in 1939 , Kiss was asked by Heinrich Himmler to revisit Tiwanaku with a team of researchers from the Ahnenerbe . The trip was later cancelled . Later life . After the Ahnenerbe trip to Bolivia was cancelled Kiss briefly joined the Waffen SS and became a member of the Guard Staff that protected various special Nazi buildings . After the war Kiss was excused at the Nuremberg Trials on the grounds that he was just an archaeologist . In the 1950s he wrote two more books on mysticism . One of these books was entitled " Some comments on Critias " which was a reanalysis of the location of Atlantis . His later activities are not known .
Diseños Casanave SC - 2005 The Desarrollos Industriales Casanave SC - 2005 is a Peruvian proposed upgrade for the FN FAL . It is chambered in the 5 . 56 x 45 mm NATO round and is compatible with STANAG Magazines . The SC - 2009 - MWS or " Modular Weapon System " , is a top upgrade with picatinny rail Stanag 2324 system , and magazine - fed , selective fire firearms with a 3 - position , equipped with a redesigned telescoping stock . While the SC - 2009 ' s maneuverability makes it a candidate for non - infantry troops ( vehicle crews , clerks and staff officers ) , it also makes it ideal for close quarters battle ( CQB ) . The most recent model presented by this company is the designated SC - 2010HPMWS " Hi - Power Modular Weapon System " , improvement of FAL 50 - 00 automatic rifle , in 7 . 62 x 51 mm NATO cartridge , with picatinny rail Stanag 2324 system , telescoping stock , and with special muzzle brake to supports the 7 . 62 mm powerful cartridge , significantly reducing the recoil in shot . This Peruvian company is manufacturing parts and components for rifles to the Peruvian armed forces since 1981 , these weapons have been in operations in UNITAS maneuvers with troops from the U . S . armed forces .
84th Troop Carrier Squadron The 84th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 437th Troop Carrier Group , based at O ' Hare International Airport , Illinois . It was inactivated on 16 November 1957 . History . Activated in May 1943 under I Troop Carrier Command and equipped with C - 47 Skytrain s . Trained in various parts of the eastern United States until the end of 1943 . Deployed to England and assigned to IX Troop Carrier Command , Ninth Air Force . Prepared for the invasion of Nazi - occupied Europe . During the Normandy campaign , the group released gliders over Cherbourg and carried troops , weapon s , ammunition , rations , and other supplies for the 82nd Airborne Division in Operation Neptune . Deployed to Italy in July 1944 and participated in the Allied invasion of southern France in August 1944 dropping paratroop s of the 1st Airborne Task Force . During Operation Market Garden in September 1944 , the group released gliders carrying troops and equipment for the airborne attack in the occupied Netherlands . In December 1944 , the group re - supplied the 101st Airborne Division in the Bastogne area of Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge . After moving to France in February 1945 , the unit released gliders in support of an American crossing of the Rhine River called Operation Varsity in March 1945 . Evacuated wounded personnel to rear - zone hospitals . After V - E Day , the group evacuated prisoners of war and displaced persons to relocation centers . Returned to the United States in August 1945 , became a transport squadron for Continental Air Command until inactivation in November 1945 . Postwar the squadron was activated in the air force reserve in 1947 at Orchard Place Airport , Illinois , operating C - 46 Commandos for Tactical Air Command Eighteenth Air Force . Inactivated at the start of the Korean War in 1950 , its aircraft and personnel being used as fillers for active duty units , then inactivated . Reactivated as part of Far East Air Force in 1951 in Japan . Equipped with C - 119 Flying Boxcar s and engaged in combat operations in the Korean Peninsula . Dropped 2nd Ranger Infantry Company ( Airborne ) troops near Munsan - Ni , inactivated in June 1952 as part of a reorganization of airborne troop carrier units in Japan Returned to reserve status , reactivated at O ' Hare International Airport , Illinois in June 1952 . Inactivated in November 1957 as a result of the closure of O ' Hare to military air traffic .
USCGC Active ( WPC - 125 ) USCGC " Active " ( WPC - 125 ) , later WSC - 125 , was a United States Coast Guard patrol boat in commission from 1926 to 1947 and from 1951 to 1962 . She was the first vessel of the Coast Guard and the seventh of the United States Revenue Cutter Service or Coast Guard to bear the name " Active " . Construction and commissioning . " Active " built by American Brown Boveri Electric Corporation at Camden , New Jersey . She was commissioned as USCGC " Active " ( WPC - 125 ) on 30 November 1926 . She was the lead unit of the " Active " - class patrol boats , which were designed for trailing the " mother ships " that supported the smuggling boats of " rum - runner s " during Prohibition . United States Coast Guard service 1926 - 1962 . In 1938 , " Active " was re - engined , her original 6 - cylinder diesel engines being replaced by significantly more powerful 8 - cylinder units that used the original engine beds and gave her an additional 3 knots of speed . World War II service . In September 1941 to May 1942 , during World War II , " Active " was stationed at Stapleton on Staten Island , New York , and this was her base when the United States entered World War II on 7 December 1941 . During the war , she was reclassified as a submarine chaser and redesignated WSC - 125 . She operated out of Stapleton until May 1942 . In June 1942 , her home port changed to Boston , Massachusetts , and she was assigned to operate under the control of the United States Navy s Commander - in - Chief Atlantic and to work under Destroyers Atlantic . She operated out of Boston until mid - 1944 , also operating out of Gronnedal , Greenland , while serving on the Greenland Patrol . She later patrolled Ocean Station Able in the Atlantic Ocean from July 1943 to the summer of 1944 . In mid - 1944 , " Active " was transferred to Miami , Florida , from which she provided escort services in the Caribbean until 1945 . Post - World War II Atlantic service and lay up . In 1946 , " Active " was stationed in Boston again , but was inactive there due to a shortage of personnel . From 1947 to 1950 she was laid up in Cleveland , Ohio . Pacific service . Reactivated in 1951 , " Active " was stationed at Monterey , California until 1962 , providing aid to navigation and performing law - enforcement duties . Decommissioning and disposal . After a long and active life , " Active " was decommissioned at Monterey on 2 April 1962 . She was sold on 6 September 1963 .
2nd Alpine Engineer Regiment The 2nd Alpine Engineer Regiment ( ) is a military engineer regiment of the Italian Army , specializing in mountain combat . Founded in 1860 it is currently the oldest active Engineer Regiment of the Italian Army . Since 1954 it has been part of the 4th Alpine Army Corps and thus a strong association with the Italian Army ' s mountain infantry corps - the Alpini . The Alpini distinguished themselves in combat during World War I and World War II . Like the Alpini and the members of the Mountain Artillery regiments the soldiers of the 2nd Alpine Engineer Regiment wear the distinctive " Cappello Alpino " . Today the 2nd Alpine Engineer Regiment is part of the Alpine Brigade Julia .
Grandes Unités Françaises Grandes Unités Françaises ( full title : " Guerre 1939 - 1945 Les Grandes Unités Françaises " ) is a monumental six - volume ( the fifth volume is actually composed of four separate works ) World War II order of battle and military unit history reference compiled by the historical service of the chief of staff of the French Army . The volumes were published in Paris by the Imprimerie Nationale . The volumes progress chronologically through the war , are divided by sections devoted to each corps or division of the French Army , and detail , day - by - day , the subordination of the units , their sub - units , location of the command posts , and the actions of the units . The volumes are written in French , but the tabular organization of much of the information allows the volumes to be used by any researcher familiar with French Army terminology of World War II . The entire series runs to thousands of pages ; Part 2 of Volume 5 alone has 1 , 422 pages . The volumes , their content , and their publication date are : Among order of battle researchers and enthusiasts , the volumes are often referred to as the " GUF " , or sometimes , the " LGUF " .
15 cm L / 40 Feldkanone i . R . The 15 cm Feldkanone L / 40 in Räderlafette ( 40 caliber Field Gun on Wheeled Carriage ) was a heavy field gun used by Germany in World War I . It was an ex - naval gun hastily adapted for land service by rigidly mounting it in a field carriage . History . The Germans were desperate for long - range artillery by 1915 and were forced to adapt a number of ex - naval guns for Army use , details of which are often lacking . The " SK L / 40 ( Schnellladungskanone or fast - loading cannon ) " was an obsolete gun that was used as the secondary armament by pre - dreadnought battleship s . It seems that there were actually two versions of this gun , one with an L / 40 and the other with an L / 45 barrel . It is not known if the designation changed depending on the barrel . The gun could not traverse on the mount and had to be fixed on a firing platform that weighed to give it 60° of traverse . For transport purposes , it was broken down into three loads ; barrel , carriage and firing platform . While details are unclear , it seems that this gun was also adapted for land use , complete with its armored gunhouse , as the " 15 cm KiSL ( Kanone in Schirmlafette ) " . It was mounted on a central pivot , which was in turn mounted on a firing platform . It was transported by rail or by road to its firing location in one piece and then offloaded onto the firing platform by crane . It retained the Navy ' s ( Kaiserliche Marine ) semi - fixed ammunition , where one bag of powder was loaded before the brass cartridge containing the rest of the propellant and the primer .
Ground - Based Midcourse Defense Ground - Based Midcourse Defense ( GMD ) is the United States ' system for intercepting incoming warheads in space . It is a major component of the American missile defense strategy to counter ballistic missiles , including intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) . GMD is administered by the U . S . Missile Defense Agency ( MDA ) , while the operational control and execution is provided by the U . S . Army , and support functions are provided by the U . S . Air Force . Previously known as National Missile Defense ( NMD ) , the name was changed in 2002 to differentiate it from other U . S . missile defense programs , such as space - based and sea - based intercept programs , or defense targeting the boost phase and reentry flight phases . The program is projected to cost $ 40 billion by 2017 . Description . The system consists of ground - based interceptor missiles and radar which would intercept incoming warheads in space . Boeing Defense , Space & Security is the Prime Contractor of the program , tasked to oversee and integrate systems from other major defense sub - contractors , such as Computer Sciences Corporation . The key systems of the GMD system are : Interceptor sites are at Fort Greely , Alaska and Vandenberg Air Force Base , California ; a third site was planned for a proposed US missile defense complex in Poland , but was canceled in September 2009 . A description of the program can be found in the Missile Defense Agency Budget Item Justification document , dated February 2007 . In December 2008 , the U . S . Missile Defense Agency awarded Boeing a $ 397 . 9 million contract to continue development of the program . In March 2013 , the Obama administration announced plans to add 14 more interceptors in addition to the current 26 at Fort Greely in response to North Korean threats . The deployment of a second TPY - 2 radar to Japan was announced at the same time . While Obama said that the additional deployment was a hedge against unexpected capabilities , Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Hong Lei complained that the additional defenses would impact on global strategic balance and strategic trust . Program costs . Expenditures on the Ground - Based Midcourse Defense program have been estimated at US $ 30 . 7 billion by 2007 . In 2013 , it is estimated that the program will cost $ 40 . 926 billion from inception through FY2017 ; in 2013 - 17 spending is to total $ 4 , 457 . 8M , an average of $ 892M per year . Flight tests . Intercept tests . As of July 2013 , 8 of the 17 ( 47 % ) hit - to - kill intercept tests have succeeded . Canceled tests . Throughout the program ' s history , numerous test flights have been canceled . Among them , BV - 4 , IFT - 11 , - 12 , - 13 , - 13A , - 15 , FTC - 03 , and most recently , FTG - 04 , have been canceled . The pattern of canceled tests makes it difficult to determine actual project progress .
Air Force Commander ' s Insignia Description . The Air Force Commander ' s Insignia is an insignia of the United States Air Force , that has been in existence since 2002 . Also known as the " USAF Commander ’ s Badge " , the Air Force Commander ' s Insignia is awarded to any Air Force officer who holds a major command billet within the United States Air Force . To be eligible for the Air Force Commander ' s Insignia , an Air Force officer must hold permanent assignment in a command billet , normally in the rank of Major or above . Examples of such billets would include any unit larger than detachment size , including : Squadron , Group , and Wing Commanders , as well as the Commanding officers of major Air Force installations such as Air Force bases . Commanders of Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps ( ROTC ) Detachments are also authorized to wear the Air Force Commander ' s Badge . The Air Force Commander ' s Insignia is worn above the name tag when in command of a squadron , group , wing , numbered air force ( NAF ) , major command ( MAJCOM ) , or Unified Command . The insignia is worn below the nametag upon completion of a such a command assignment . Guidelines for wear . Below are some general guidelines for award of the Air Force Commander ' s Insignia : Equivalents . The United States Navy and United States Coast Guard equivalents of the Air Force Commander ' s Insignia are the Command at Sea insignia and the Command Ashore insignia . The United States Army and United States Marine Corps have no equivalent .
Markus Faulhaber Markus Faulhaber ( 1914 – 1945 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . It was given to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Life . Markus Faulhaber was born on 22 July 1914 in Zepfenhan ( Rottweil ) , near Schömberg , Zollernalbkreis , Württemberg . He volunteered to join the SS - VT ( SS number 113 , 916 ) in 1934 , and was assigned to III . / SS - VT - Standarte " Deutschland " in Ellwangen ( 1934 - 1936 ) . Faulhaber was selected to become an officer . After he had graduated from the SS - Junkerschule in Braunschweig , he was assigned to III . / SS - VT - Standarte " Germania " , Radolfzell , in 1938 . He was taking part in the Polish Campaign , where he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class ; and , as commander of 3 . / SS - InfRgt " Germania " ( part of SS - Division Verfügungstruppe ) in the Battle of France . Still commander of 3 . / SS - InfRgt " Germania " ( SS - Division " Wiking " ) , he also took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union , Operation Barbarossa where he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st class and the Eastern Front Medal 1941 / 42 awarded to all who suffered the first Russian winter of the war . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in December 1942 while in command of the 3rd Company . After that , Faulhaber became a member of the teaching staff ( tactics instructor ) of SS - Junkerschule in Bad Tölz and was promoted to SS - Sturmbannführer on 9 November 1943 . He was next involved in the formation of the SS Panzergrenadier Brigade 49 which he commanded from June to August 1944 . In April 1945 Faulhaber was given command of the 95th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment , 38th SS Division " Nibelungen when it was formed from the staff and cadets at the college and eventually surrendered to the Americans . Faulhaber died on 11 May 1945 . He had been ordered by the Americans to persuade other German soldiers hiding in the mountains to come out and surrender . Although already wounded , and with one arm bandaged , Faulhaber drove into the mountains with his adjutant , Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) Christen Dall . Their vehicle crashed and tumbled into the swollen Salzach River . While Dall managed to save himself , Faulhaber drowned . His body was transferred to Radolfzell , to be buried there .
Rowley Thomas Rowland ' Rowley ' Lewis Thomas ( 7 November 1863 – 21 January 1949 ) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for London Welsh , of whom he was a founding member , and county rugby for Middlesex . Thomas played international rugby for Wales and was capped seven times . Rugby career . Thomas played rugby for several teams throughout his playing career , including Llanelli and University College Hospital , but it his time with London Welsh that brought him to the attention of the international selectors . Thomas was part of a group of like - minded Welsh sportsmen , based in London , that decide to create their own club . In 1885 Thomas was one of the founding members of London Welsh , becoming a member of the committee . In September of the same year , Thomas was selected as part of the very first London Welsh team against London Scottish , alongside Welsh internationals Arthur Gould and Martyn Jordan . During the 1889 / 90 season , Thomas was given the captaincy of London Welsh and saw the club ' s first ever visiting Welsh team , when the club welcomed Llanelli in 1889 . In 1889 Thomas was first selected to represent Wales in a match against Scotland , as part of the Home Nations Championship . Under the captaincy of Frank Hill , Wales lost the game by two tries to nil . Thomas played in the very next game of the tournament to Ireland which ended in another Welsh loss to an identical score line as the Scotland game . Thomas played just one game in the next year ' s Championship , an away draw to Ireland . The 1891 tournament saw Thomas selected for all three matches , including his first game against England . During the tournament , Thomas switched from London Welsh to Llanelli , and played his final three international matches while representing the South Wales club . His final game was in 1892 against England which saw Wales beaten comprehensively . International matches played . Wales ( rugby union ) Personal life . Thomas was educated at Llandovery College in Wales but studied medicine in London . He was seen as considerable all - round sportsman , and was an excellent shot , proficient horseman and keen angler . During World War I , Thomas served his country as a medical officer in the Welsh Horse Cavalry Regiment , based in Egypt . Thomas was a medical coroner for West Carmarthenshire for 24 years . He was also a leading member of the Carmarthenshire Hunt , and at his funeral his hunting clothes and boots were placed alongside him in his coffin . Thomas was also a descendent of Daniel Rowland the Methodist cleric .