naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1943 – 1944 Italian campaign medal The 1943 – 1944 Italian campaign medal ( ) was a French commemorative campaign medal awarded to soldiers and sailors who served on Italian soil or Italian waters as part of the " French Expeditionary Corps of Italy " ( ) under the command of general Alphonse Juin . The French Expeditionary Corps ( CEF ) participated in the allied amphibious landing and the ensuing campaign in Italy in 1943 and 1944 . Composed in part of Frenchmen from North Africa and in part with colonial troops , the CEF covered itself with glory during this long campaign and especially during the battle of the Garigliano . Such was the impact of the CEF and resulting national pride following the first major action on European soil by a French formation that by the early 1950s , many politicians felt the " ITALIE " clasp worn on the ribbon of the 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal simply wasn ' t enough of a mark of respect and admiration on the part of the nation for what was in effect the resurrection of the French army in the eyes of the enemy . In January 1953 , a proposition was made in parliament by a group of its members requesting the creation of a distinct medal to adequately recognize the valour in combat and the sacrifice of the men of the CEF who lost more than 7 , 000 members of the 1st Free French Division . The 1943 – 1944 Italian campaign medal was finally established on 1 April 1953 by law 53 - 273 . Award statute . The 1943 – 1944 Italian campaign medal was awarded to : Article 4 of Law 53 - 1009 of 10 October 1953 further added that the medal could be awarded to foreign nationals having served under French command , who met the aforementioned award prerequisites . Article 5 of the same law directed that when worn in the presence of other French awards , the 1943 – 1944 Italian campaign medal was to be worn immediately after the United Nations operations in Korea commemorative medal . Article 7 ordered the removal of the " ITALIE " clasp from Article 3 of the decree of 21 May 1946 establishing the 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal . Award description . The 1943 – 1944 Italian campaign medal was a 36mm in diameter silvered bronze medal . Its obverse bore the left profile view of a Gallic rooster in front of Sun rays surrounded by the relief circular inscription " CORPS EXPÉDITIONAIRE FRANÇAIS D ' ITALIE * 1943 - 1944 * " ( ) within a relief laurel wreath along the entire medal circumference . On the reverse , within the same relief laurel wreath , the circular inscription " RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE " ( ) , at the bottom a relief five pointed star , in the center , the relief inscription " CEF " . The medal hung from a ribbon passing through a suspension ring , itself passing through the medals suspension loop . The 36mm wide silk moiré ribbon was composed of seven red and six white alternating vertical stripes of equal width .
USS Scott ( DDG - 995 ) USS " Scott " ( DDG - 995 ) was a of the United States Navy . She was named for Rear Admiral Norman Scott , who was killed during a surface action at the First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ( sometimes referred to as the " Battle of Friday the 13th " ) aboard USS " Atlanta " , winning a posthumous Medal of Honor for his actions . Originally named " Nader " , " Scott " was ordered by the Shah of Iran , but was undelivered at the time of the Iranian Revolution and the U . S . Navy elected to commission her and her sister ships for service in the Persian Gulf . The destroyers were equipped with heavy - duty air conditioning and were also well suited to filtering sand and the results from NBC warfare . She was commissioned in 1981 . " Scott " completed a major re - fit in Philadelphia in 1988 that focussed on upgrading its radar and fire control tracking system . " Scott " was decommissioned from the U . S . Navy on 10 December 1998 . Current status . " Scott " was sold to the Republic of China in 2004 , originally to be named " Chi Te " . However , due to her better storage condition than her sister ships , she became the first " Kidd " class vessel to be commissioned by the Republic of China Navy ( ROCN ) and thus became ROCS " Kee Lung " ( DDG - 1801 ) , the lead vessel of the new ROCN " Kee Lung " - class destroyers . After almost two years of refit and training in the U . S . , the " Kee Lung " was commissioned on 17 December 2005 at Kee - Lung naval port in northern Taiwan . The ROCN paid just over $ 690 million for the four " Kidd " - class destroyers , giving it extensive AAW capabilities .
Commodore ( Finland ) Commodore ( Kommodori ) is a rank of Finnish Navy equal to Captain in English - speaking navies being above Commander ( Komentaja ) and below Flotilla Admiral ( Lippueamiraali ) , equal Army rank is Colonel . During peace time only a graduate of Finnish National Defence University can achieve the rank of Commodore , and even during war time reserve officers may achieve the rank of Commodore only under anomalous circumstances . Other uses in Finland . In Finnish Yacht clubs a chairman / CEO is usually called a Commodor , a tradition originating from England . While in some countries Commodore is also a title held by a senior captain within a shipping company , it ' s not used by Finnish shipping companies .
Séléka Séléka ( also called the Séléka CPSK - CPJP - UFDR ) is an alliance of militias in the Central African Republic that overthrew the government on March 24 , 2013 . " Séléka " leader Michel Djotodia has claimed himself President of the Central African Republic . The rebel coalition originated in an agreement signed between factions of the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace ( CPJP ) and the Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country ( CPSK ) , two of the CAR ' s many anti - government militias . CPJP in this case refers to the " Fundamental " splinter group of the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace , one of many militias involved in the CAR ' s long - running civil war . A different faction of the CPJP signed a peace accord with the government on August 25 . The Séléka first emerged on 15 September 2012 under the name " alliance CPSK - CPJP , " when it published a press release taking responsibility for the attacks on three towns that day . It was the last of the major rebel groups to do so . The Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country ( CPSK ) was previously hardly known . On 15 December 2012 the group published its first press release using the full name " Séléka CPSK - CPJP - UFDR " . This including the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity ( UFDR ) . Two groups that do not appear in the title , the long - standing militia Democratic Front of the Central African People ( FDPC ) , and the newly minted Alliance for Revival and Rebuilding ( A2R ) , were reportedly part of the alliance . In September 2013 Michel Djotodia announced that Seleka had been dissolved . Name . The name of the group means the " CPSK - CPJP - UFDR Alliance " in Sango , the CAR ' s local national language , and one of two official languages with French . The international media has shortened this name to " Séléka " , or " Seleka " in English , resulting in the common pleonasm " Seleka coalition . " The term " Séléka " had been used previously in CAR politics when Jean - Jacques Démafouth launched the political party New Alliance for Progress ( ) with the Sango name " Fini Seleka " .
James Leith ( VC ) Major James Leith VC ( 26 May 1826 – 13 May 1869 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Life . James Leith was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School and Trinity College , Cambridge . He played cricket for Cambridge University from 1846 to 1849 . Leith was 31 years old , and a lieutenant in the 14th Light Dragoons ( later 14th Hussars ( The King ' s ) ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when , on 1 April 1858 at Betwa , India , the following deed led to his being awarded the Victoria Cross : The medal is currently displayed at the 14th / 20th King ' s Hussars gallery of the Museum of Lancashire , Preston , Lancashire . He was appointed to the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms in 1868 .
Arthur Boje Arthur Boje ( 3 August 1895 – 18 April 1981 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Arthur Boje , commanding officer of Grenadier Regiment 134 , part of the 44th Infantry Division was captured by Soviet troops in 1943 after the fall of Stalingrad . As a prisoner of war , he was interrogated and tortured in Moscow ' s infamous Lubjanka prison and was subsequently imprisoned in some of the worst Soviet labor camps and deported to Kazakhstan . He refused to join the National Committee for a Free Germany ( NKFD ) founded by General v . Seydlitz - Kurzbach on Soviet orders . Boje was released with the last German POWs in January 1956 .
Bill DeSmedt William H . DeSmedt is an American author of science fiction . His debut novel , " Singularity " ( 2004 ) , explores the 1908 Tunguska event and the speculative hypothesis that it was caused by a submicroscopic , primordial black hole . Although " Singularity " is a work of science fiction , in the tradition of Michael Crichton its premise is anchored in realworld science . In penning " Singularity " , Bill also drew on a deep knowledge of the Russian language , politics and culture , first acquired during eighteen months at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey , California , and added to while a US – USSR exchange student at Moscow State University . He also holds a Master of Arts ( M . A . ) in Soviet Area Studies , and a Master of Science ( M . S . ) in Computer Science . Bill has worked in the capacity of programmer , system designer , and consultant to both startups and Fortune 50 companies , specializing in natural language processing , artificial intelligence , and knowledge engineering . Literary influences . As regards his writing style , Bill cites two authors , Larry Niven and Roger Zelazny as key influences : Other literary influences include Jorge Luis Borges and , especially , Vernor Vinge . Scientific concepts . In his debut novel , " Singularity ( 2004 ) " , Bill deploys a lifelong layman ' s fascination with quantum physics and cosmology in the service of bringing believability to the long - disparaged hypothesis that the devastation of the Tunguska basin in 1908 was caused by a submicroscopic , primordial black hole . Kip Thorne , physicist and best - selling author of " Black Holes and Time Warps : Einstein ' s Outrageous Legacy " , has said of the resulting work that " Bill got the vast majority of the physics right - - which is highly unusual , especially in a book that is such a good read . " Speeches . The Jackson – Ryan Hypothesis . In November 2004 , Bill DeSmedt spoke at a meeting of the Johnson Space Center Astronomical Society in Houston , TX , along with Drs . Albert A . Jackson IV and Michael P . Ryan Jr . who first put forward the Tunguska - black hole hypothesis in 1973 . The lecture centered around the " Jackson – Ryan hypothesis " on which " Singularity " is based . At this lecture , Bill had the unique opportunity to defend the Jackson - Ryan hypothesis — against its own creators . In Bill ’ s words , Al Jackson and Mike Ryan had over the years “ come around to the conviction that it was probably a meteor or a comet ” .
USS R - 18 ( SS - 95 ) USS " R - 18 " ( SS - 95 ) was an " R " - class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 16 June 1917 by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco , California . She was launched on 8 January 1918 sponsored by Miss Marion S . Russell , and commissioned on 11 September 1918 with Lieutenant Commander Felix X . Gygax in command . Service history . 1918 – 1931 . Following shakedown , " R - 18 " was assigned , briefly , to the Panama Canal Zone . At the end of the year , 1918 , she returned to California . At San Pedro , California , from January to March 1919 , she then underwent overhaul at San Francisco , California , and on 17 June got underway for Hawaii . On 25 June she arrived at Pearl Harbor . Based there for over a decade , she served with the fleet , training personnel and testing new submarine equipment . In July 1920 she was given hull classification symbol SS - 95 . " R - 18 " departed Hawaii 12 December 1930 , transited the Panama Canal , thence continued on the East Coast for inactivation . Arriving at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 9 February 1931 , she was decommissioned 13 May and berthed at League Island until after the outbreak of World War II . 1941 – 1946 . Recommissioned 8 January 1941 , " R - 18 " was at New London , Connecticut , for reconditioning and fitting out into May . On 12 May she got underway for the Canal Zone where she patrolled into September . In October , she returned to New London , whence after overhaul , she conducted training exercises in submarine and anti - submarine warfare . In early January 1942 , she shifted her training activities to the Casco Bay , Maine , area . Then , later in the month , she added patrols along a line between Nantucket Light and Bermuda to her schedule . Originally patrolling out of New London , she shifted to Bermuda in May . In August she moved further south and until December operated in a training capacity in the Virgin Islands and at Trinidad . Then assigned , with others of her class , to training duties for the remainder of the war , " R - 18 " returned to New London on 24 December . She operated in the New London and Portland , Maine , areas until June 1943 . The last six months of the year were spent at Bermuda . From January through March 1944 , she was back in southern New England ; then , in April she moved south for eight months at Key West , Florida , and Port Everglades , Florida . With the new year , 1945 , the submarine again began operations out of New London . During the following summer she made her last voyage to Florida and back and in September she headed for New Hampshire and inactivation . " R - 18 " arrived at Portsmouth , New Hampshire , on 7 September and was decommissioned on 19 September . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register the following month , she was sold for scrapping to the John J . Duane Company of Quincy , Massachusetts , in 1946 .
Fall of Harran The Fall of Harran refers to the Babylonian siege and capture of the Assyrian city of Harran in 608 BC . Background . The Assyrians , from the year 639 BCE , had been suffering from a decline in their power , culminating in Neo - Babylonian and Median invasions of their lands . The city of Arrapha fell in 615 BCE , followed by Assur in 614 BCE , and finally the famed Nineveh , the newest capital of Assyria , in 612 BCE . Despite the brutal massacres that followed , the Assyrians survived as a political entity and escaped to Harran under their new king , Ashur - uballit II . Establishing Harran as a capital for the Assyrians caught the attention of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar and Median King Cyaxares , who were determined to destroy forever the threat of Assyrian resurgence . Siege . Assyrian annals record no more after 610 BC - the presumed date of the siege . The siege lasted for another two years before the city finally fell in 608 BC . Not much is known of the siege - it is presumed that Nabopolassar killed Ashur - uballit II . Aftermath . Despite yet another reverse , the Assyrians did not give up ; remnants of the Assyrian army met up with the Egyptian forces that had won at Megiddo . In 605 BC , the Babylonians were again successful , as they defeated the Assyrians and Egyptians at Carchemish , ending Assyria ' s independence .
Francis Maceroni Colonel Francis Maceroni ( sometimes known as " Count Maceroni " ) , born Francis Macirone ( 1788 – 1846 ) , was a soldier , balloonist ( as recorded by Sophie Blanchard ) , author and inventor . " Maceroni " was the original version of his family name , the variant spelling of Macirone having been adopted by his grandfather to distance himself from an unsavoury relation . Francis opted to resume the original spelling , but is sometimes listed with the variant spelling . Early life . Born the son of Peter Augustus Macirone , an Italian merchant and former school teacher living in England , Maceroni became a Colonel of Cavalry and served as aide de camp to Joachim Murat , the King of Naples during the Napoleonic Wars ( later writing his biography ) and fought with the Spanish insurgents in 1822 - 23 during the Trienio Liberal . While serving as an aide to Murat , Maceroni introduced the Neapolitan Court to archery , cricket , and the concept of weekly dining parties . Unfortunately , cricket did not survive his departure . Maceroni ' s steam carriage . In 1825 while living in Manchester , he became interested in the work of Sir Goldsworthy Gurney and attached himself to Gurney ' s Regent ' s Park workshop on the recommendation of Sir Anthony Carlisle , ostensibly to work on his own inventions . He stayed six months and became involved enough in Gurney ' s work - he witnessed one of the early carriage contracts - that he persuaded several friends to invest in the enterprise . After a time in Constantinople helping the Turks fight the Russians , he returned to London in 1831 and joined forces with Gurney ' s former employee , carpenter John Squire . In 1833 , the two had constructed their own steam carriage . It was a straightforward vehicle that carried up to fourteen passengers , developed at and ascended hills with ease . The carriage ran for hire for some weeks between Paddington and Edgware with no serious mechanical problems and in 1834 , after a new toll relief bill was passed by the House of Commons , Maceroni built a new and larger carriage . But the bill failed in the House of Lords and Maceroni fell into financial difficulties . To meet the terms of the Belgian and French patents he had negotiated earlier , he shipped his two remaining carriages to Brussels and Paris in the care of the Italian speculator Colonel d ' Asda . D ' Asda drove the carriages around to great publicity for several months then sold them and disappeared with the money . In 1835 , Maceroni published a book on road steam power and tried to raise new capital , but a railway investment panic in 1837 doomed his chances and in 1841 the disclosure of serious mismanagement ended with the seizure of all his assets . Maceroni lived in England for much of his life , and published his memoirs in 1838 .
USS Guardoqui ( IX - 218 ) USS " Gardoqui " ( IX - 218 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for USS " Gardoqui " , a Spanish gunboat captured during the Spanish - American War . Her name was misspelled when she was christened . " Gardoqui " was named for the commercial house of Joseph Gardoqui and Sons of Bilbao , Spain , which represented the American Colonies in the Spanish court during the American Revolution . Her keel was laid down in 1921 by the Federal Shipbuilding Company , in Kearny , New Jersey . She was acquired from the War Shipping Administration and commissioned at Pearl Harbor on 23 June 1945 with Lieutenant Harold L . Tysinger in command . A tanker originally intended for use as Mobile Floating Storage , " Gardoqui " departed Pearl Harbor for Eniwetok 27 July 1945 . Reaching her destination 12 August , she discharged her cargo of fuel and lube oil to navy and merchant ships for almost a month . " Gardoqui " departed Eniwetok 7 September and put in at Tokyo on 21 September to discharge more lube and fuel oil . Departing Tokyo 7 November , she transited the Panama Canal via Pearl Harbor 28 December and came to anchor off Mobile , Alabama , on 6 January 1946 . " Gardoqui " decommissioned at Mobile 13 February 1946 and was returned to the War Shipping Administration . Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 April 1946 and she was sold to her previous owner , E . T . Bedford , 28 January 1947 .
Võ Duy Dương Võ Duy Dương ( 武維楊 ; 1827 - 1866 ) , also Thiên Hộ Dương ( 千戶楊 ) was a Vietnamese warlord who after the submission of the Vietnamese government to the French in 1862 continued to fight against the French ( 1862 - 1866 ) in the wetlands of Đồng Tháp Mười , where he died of disease .
James A . Smith ( Medal of Honor ) James A . Smith ( born September 2 , 1880 , date of death unknown ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Early life . Smith was born September 2 , 1880 in New York , and after entering the navy he was sent as an Landsman to China to fight in the Boxer Rebellion . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Landsman , U . S . Navy . Born : 2 September 1880 , New York . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation : In action with the relief expedition of the Allied forces in China during the battles of 13 , 20 , 21 , and 22 June 1900 . Throughout this period and in the presence of the enemy , Smith distinguished himself by meritorious conduct . James was an orphan , the bastard child of a young woman from Baltimore and a much older returned Confederate officer . He was raised in or around Ruthurford , NJ by a prominent family of musicians , who did not think much of him . He lied about his age , entering the Navy as a young teen , but already with seagoing experience as a still younger , runaway stowaway . Smith became a real estate agent and insurance man , and for nearly 30 years a Morris County circuit court judge . He died from cancer in 1959 , leaving wife , Dorothy Dewarren ( Waller ) Smith , daughters Glen and Nancy . Serving briefly herself in the Navy , Glen was discharged with a psychiatric illness and spent the rest of her life in a Navy institution in Roanoke , VA . Nancy ( Hermance ) married and raised two children in the home Smith built at 31 Academy Road , Madison . Tragically , and ironically , Nancy died in this house after being bedbound with Parkinson ' s disease and chronically isolated and abusedby her son ( from police , medical and court records ) under the watchful gaze of the attorney she had called to reinstate her 25 year consistent testament . After returning three times with his wife as witness to rewrite and completely overturn the will , the Morris County probate court through a series of questionable and outright illegal rulings gave most of Smith ' s estimated $ 5 million estate to the attorney . He and the granddson remain at large in the town Smith helped shape during the early quarter of the century .