naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
308th Armament Systems Group The 308th Armament Systems Group is a unit of the United States Air Force 308th Armament Systems Wing , stationed at Eglin Air Force Base , Florida . The unit ' s mission is to equipp warfighters with long range , precision attack capabilities . History . Constituted as 308th Bombardment Group ( Heavy ) on 28 January 1942 , and activated on 15 April . Assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Received deployment orders for the China - Burma - India Theater ( CBI ) in February 1943 . Deployed to Kunming Airport , China in March 1943 , becoming the heavy bombardment arm of the new Fourteenth Air Force . Air echelon deployed to the CBI via the South Atlantic Transport route via Brazil , then across central Africa and Middle East to Karachi , India . Ground echelon traveling by ship across the Pacific via Australia . Once established in India , group aircraft made many trips over the Himalayan Mountains ( The Hump ) to Southeastern China from the Assam Valley of India airlifting obtain gasoline , oil , bombs , spare parts , and other items the group needed to prepare for and then to sustain its combat operations . In addition to the B - 24 heavy bombers , group utilized C - 87 Liberator transports for logistical support . From its main base at Kunming and later Hsinching Airfield , the 308th carried out long range strategic bombardment of enemy targets in China in support of Chinese ground forces . The group attacked airfields , coalyards , docks , oil refineries , and fuel dumps in French Indochina ; mined rivers and ports ; bombed shops and docks at Rangoon ; attacked Japanese shipping in the East China Sea , Formosa Strait , South China Sea , and Gulf of Tonkin . Received a Distinguished Service Cross for an unescorted bombing attack , conducted through antiaircraft fire and fighter defenses , against docks and warehouses at Hankowon 21 August 1943 . Received second DUC for interdiction of Japanese shipping during 1944 – 1945 . Major Horace S Carswell Jr . was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on 26 October 1944 when , in spite of intense antiaircraft fire , he attacked a Japanese convoy in the South China Sea ; his plane was so badly damaged that when he reached land he ordered the crew to bail out ; Carswell , however , remained with the plane to try to save one man who could not jump because his parachute had been ripped by flak ; before Carswell could attempt a crash landing , the plane struck a mountainside and burned . The group moved to India in June 1945 . Ferried gasoline and supplies over the Hump . After the Japanese Capitulation in August , the group remained in India in support United States forces in the CBI . Personnel sailed for the United States in December , leaving B - 24s to the colonial Indian forces . The unit inactivated as a paper unit in January 1946 . From October 1946 through January 1951 , served with Air Weather Service ; supervised training and operation of weather reconnaissance units . Not operational 10 October 1951 – 16 June 1952 . Beginning in November 2004 reactivated ; mission to equip warfighters with long range , precision attack capabilities .
Claude d ' Annebault Claude d ' Annebault ( 1495 – 2 November 1552 ) was a French military officer ; Marshal of France ( 1538 – 52 ) ; Admiral of France ( 1543 – 1552 ) ; and Governor of Piedmont in 1541 . He led the French invasion of the Isle of Wight in 1545 . Annebault was governor of Normandy and a very powerful figure during the reign of King Francis . Claude was a commissioner for the Anglo - French Treaty of Ardres , also known as the Treaty of Camp , which was signed on 7 June 1546 and a step towards the conclusion of the Italian War of 1542 – 1546 . After a delay which the English found frustrating , Claude then visited England as a special ambassador for the peace treaty 20 – 30 August 1546 . Four cannon at Walmer Castle burst while firing his salute . Claude wrote from London to his ally Mary of Guise in Scotland on 28 August , explaining his difficulties in forwarding their mutual interest . Family . Claude married Françoise Tournemine , daughter and heiress of George , sieur de la Hunaudaye . Their only son Jean was an hostage for the Treaty of Boulogne which ended the war in Scotland in April 1550 . Jean was invited to the court of Edward VI of England on 23 April to see the Garter Knight ' s communion and took part in a tournament to entertain the French ambassadors on 25 May . After the conditions of the peace were fulfilled , Jean left for Calais on 8 August 1550 . Jean d ' Annebault was killed at the battle of Dreux in 1562 . In popular culture . In TV series " The Tudors " , Claude is played by Kenneth Collard .
Siege of Ōtate The 1578 siege of Ōtate took place following the sudden death of Uesugi Kenshin , one of Japan ' s greatest warlords . Kenshin had requested that the inheritance be split between his nephew , Uesugi Kagekatsu , and his adopted son Uesugi Kagetora . Thus , on March 17 , 1578 , Uesugi Kagekatsu led a force from his castle at Kasugayama to besiege his cousin ' s Ōtate castle . The castle fell , Kagetora committed " seppuku " , and Kagekatsu claimed the full inheritance .
Alexander Bliss Alexander Bliss ( 29 December 1827 – 30 April 1896 ) was assistant quartermaster general of the Union forces and a Colonel in the United States Army during the American Civil War . His father , also named Alexander , died before he was born ; and his mother , Elizabeth Davis Bliss , later married George Bancroft , the eminent American historian . On Colonel Bliss ' s behalf , Bancroft asked President Abraham Lincoln for a copy of the Gettysburg Address , as Bliss was a member of a committee gathering manuscripts to be collected in the work " Autographed Leaves of Our Country ' s Authors " , which was intended for sale to raise money for charitable assistance to Civil War veterans . The resulting copy of Lincoln ' s speech , known as the Bliss Copy , is one of only five known manuscript versions of the Gettysburg Address ; it is preserved and on display in the Lincoln Bedroom of the White House in Washington , D . C .
Rungu ( weapon ) A rungu ( Swahili , plural " marungu " ) is a wooden throwing club or baton bearing special symbolism and significance in certain East African tribal cultures . It is especially associated with Maasai morans ( male warriors ) who have traditionally used it in warfare and for hunting . It is a commonly encountered tchotchke or tourist souvenir in that part of the world . Rungus are typically about 18 - 20 inches in length with a long narrow shaft for a handle and heavy knob or ball at the end in the manner of other “ ethnic ” cudgels such as the Irish shillelagh or South African knobkierie . In Maasai culture , the rungu is an important emblem of warrior status for young males . A special one is held by the designated speaker at important tribal gatherings . Although utilitarian examples are made of simple hard wood , ceremonial rungus may be elaborately carved or made of other materials . Local women are widely employed in sewing decorative beads onto the handles of those made for the tourist trade . Former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi was invariably seen at important public functions holding an elegant gold - or silver - tipped ivory rungu . He referred to it as his " fimbo ya nyayo " ( Swahili , " staff of footsteps " ) and would pound it on a table when angry , sometimes shattering it .
A Slight Demonstration A Slight Demonstration is a 2007 book about the 1864 Civil War Battle of Decatur , a pivotal event in Confederate General John B . Hood ' s disastrous Tennessee Campaign late in the war , in which a Union force of only 2 - 5 , 000 soldiers prevented Hood ' s 23 , 000 strong army from crossing the Tennessee River . It was written by Noel Carpenter , a former Decatur native and Air Force officer . The book is published by Legacy Books & Letters of Austin , Texas . It is the first book solely devoted to the Battle of Decatur . University of Arkansas professor Daniel E . Sutherland , Co - Editor of The Civil War in the West , a series from the University of Arkansas Press , has said , " I found Carpenter ' s account and analysis of events at Decatur thoroughly readable and quite convincing , " and " I came away from his narrative believing that historians may , indeed , not have given events at Decatur their due . " In the book , Carpenter contends that the engagement at Decatur played a major role in the outcome of Hood ' s campaign . Hood had intended to cross the Tennessee River to go to Nashville , where he planned to cut off the supply lines of Union General William T . Sherman , who had just taken Atlanta . The delay caused by his inability to cross the river gave Union forces in Nashville time to prepare a defense , such that when Hood ' s forces finally arrived , they were decimated . Carpenter provides the richest detail available to date about the engagement at Decatur , including the important contribution of the Fourteenth Colored Infantry , an African - American regiment whose brave action stalled Hood ' s forces long enough to effectively carry the day . Union General Thomas Granger considered it the highlight of the battle . Carpenter ' s book was published posthumously by his daughter , Carol Powell . Carpenter died in 2000 at the age of 82 , having devoted the last 12 years of his life to his book about the battle that took place in the town of his birth .
List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War There were approximately 120 general officers from Massachusetts who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . This list consists of generals who were either born in Massachusetts or resided in Massachusetts when they joined the army ( in the case of Regular Army officers , the date that they joined army might have preceded the Civil War by many years ) . The list includes both Regular and Volunteer Army generals as well as those who received the temporary or honorary rank of brevet brigadier general .
USS LCI ( L ) - 222 USS " LCI ( L ) 222 " was a United States Navy ship classified as a Landing Craft Infantry Large . She was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific Theater during World War II . " LCI - 222 " was laid down on 17 October 1942 , at George Lawley & Sons Corp . , Neponset , Massachusetts and launched on 29 November 1942 . She received her commission on 3 December 1942 . During World War II USS " LCI ( L ) - 222 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific Theater and participated in the New Georgia Group operations , the New Georgia - Rendova - Vangunu occupation from 1 to 4 July 1943 , the Vella Level occupation on 15 August 1943 , the Treasury Island - Bougainville operation and the Treasury Island landing , on 27 October 1943 , and the occupation and defense of Cape Torokina , on 3 and 4 December 1943 . USS " LCI ( L ) - 222 " was at Eniwetok Atoll , Marshall Islands on 8 December 1945 en route from Tiapan to Pearl Harbor . Her decommissioning date is unknown . She was struck from the Naval Register in 1946 and was sold on 7 November 1946 with her final disposition and fate unknown . USS " LCI ( L ) - 222 " earned two battle star s for World War II service
Loddie Stupka Loddie Stupka ( March 4 , 1878 – February 20 , 1946 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Biography . Stupka was born March 4 , 1878 in Cleveland , Ohio and joined the Navy from Ohio . On January 21 , 1903 , the was returning from Puerto Rico when it foundered near Block Island in a heavy fog . For his actions during the wreck he received the Medal of Honor December 26 , 1903 . He died on February 20 , 1946 and is buried in Baltimore National Cemetery Baltimore , Maryland . His grave can be found in the distinguished service section , grave 1 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Fireman First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 4 March 1878 , Cleveland , Ohio . Accredited to : Ohio . G . O . No . : 145 , 26 December 1903 . Citation : Serving on board the U . S . S . Leyden , for heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel , 21 January 1903 .
Francis Wheatley ( VC ) Francis Wheatley VC , DCM ( 1826 – 21 May 1865 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , which he won for his actions during the Crimean War . It is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born in Ruddington , Nottinghamshire , England . His father was a frame work knit ter , a trade which Francis took up before joining the army . He was enlisted at Daventry on 5 November 1839 ( for a bounty of £3 . 17s . 6d ) into the 1st Battalion Rifle Brigade ( Prince Consort ' s Own ) . Victoria Cross . He was awarded his Victoria Cross for duty in the Crimean War on 12 October 1854 . The day before his VC action , another act of gallantry earned him the Distinguished Conduct Medal . The citation reads : On 12 October 1854 Wheatley and some other Riflemen were occupying a section of the trenches before Sevastopol when a live Russian shell fell amongst the men . Without hesitation Wheatley seized hold of the shell and endeavoured to knock the fuse out with the butt of his rifle . He was unsuccessful at the first attempt and so , with great presence of mind and deliberation he managed somehow to heave it over the parapet of the trench . It had scarcely fallen outside when it exploded . Had it not been for his coolness , presence of mind and supreme courage and discipline , the shell would have inevitably exploded amongst the party causing serious casualties , but instead not a man was hurt . His VC was presented by Queen Victoria in person at the first investiture at Hyde Park , London on 26 June 1857 . Death . He died on 21 May 1865 at Westminster Hospital , London from acute myelitis ( inflammation of the spinal cord ) and asphyxia . He was buried in a common grave in Brompton Cemetery , on which a memorial has now been placed . His medals are on view at the Royal Green Jackets museum and his name is on the memorial in Winchester Cathedral . The medal . His Victoria Cross and other medals are displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum , Winchester , England . His other medals are :
Phrourarch Phrourarch or Phrourarchos is a Greek military title , meaning " garrison commander " . Athenians controlled their overseas empire with the episcopi and phrourarchs . The term was widely used by the Macedonian and later Hellenistic armies . Regarding the Spartans , it is not clear if phrourarch was the specific Spartan term . Phroura ( garrison ) is reported to be a Spartan term for ' a small mobile or expeditionary force ' . The title for the governor of the garrisoned cities under the Spartan hegemony was harmost .
William H . Jones William H . Jones ( 1842 – December 23 , 1911 ) was an American soldier in the U . S . Army who served with the 2nd U . S . Cavalry during the Indian Wars . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in separate battles against the Sioux and the Nez Perce in the Rocky Mountains during the summer of 1877 . Biography . William H . Jones was born in Davidson County , North Carolina in 1842 . He later enlisted in the U . S . Army in Louisville , Kentucky and joined the 2nd U . S . Cavalry . Jones later became a regimental farrier and a sergeant . While on frontier duty in the Rocky Mountains in 1877 , he was twice cited for gallantry against the Plains Indians in the Montana and the Idaho territories . The first occurred against the Sioux at Little Muddy Creek on May 7 , and the second against the Nez Perce at Camas Meadows on August 20 , 1877 . It was during this last battle that Jones suffered a serious knee injury . For his actions at these engagements , he received the Medal of Honor on February 28 , 1878 . Jones returned to North Carolina after leaving the military and died in Efland , North Carolina on December 23 , 1911 , a day before Christmas Eve . He was buried at the Efland Methodist Church Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Farrier , Company L , 2d U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Little Muddy Creek , Mont . , 7 May 1877 - at Camas Meadows , Idaho , 20 August 1877 . Entered service at : Louisville , Ky . Birth . Davidson County , N . C . Date of issue : 28 February 1878 . Citation : Gallantry in the attack against hostile Sioux Indians on May 7 , 1877 at Muddy Creek , Mont . , and in the engagement with Nez Perces Indians at Camas Meadows , Idaho , on 20 August 1877 in which he sustained a painful knee wound .
Camp Connor Camp Connor was a Union Army outpost established May 23 , 1863 by Captain David Black , 3rd Regiment California Volunteer Infantry , by order of Brigadier General Patrick Edward Connor commander of the District of Utah , Department of the Pacific for whom the post was named . Camp Conner was located east of what is now Soda Springs , Idaho on the north bank of the Bear River . General Connor established the camp to defend the overland route to Oregon and the Morrisite settlement of Soda Springs he was establishing there . He intended the Morrisites would prevent the Mormons from expanding their settlements into this area and restrain the Bannock Indians . General Connor ordered the post abandoned on February 24 , 1865 , with the troops leaving in late April .
Army of Rhin - et - Moselle The Army of Rhin - et - Moselle ( " Armée de Rhin - et - Moselle " ) was one of the field units of the French Revolutionary Army . It was formed on 20 April 1795 by merging the armée du Rhin and the armée de la Moselle . On 29 September 1797 it was merged with the armée de Sambre - et - Meuse to form the Armée d ' Allemagne .
Mower Hospital The Mower U . S . Army General Hospital was one of the largest Federal military hospital s during the American Civil War . Located in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia , it operated from January 1863 through May 1865 , when it was closed with the cessation of the war . The hospital complex was designed by noted architect John McArthur , Jr . , who also designed the Philadelphia City Hall . It was named in honor of Thomas Mower , an early Army surgeon . The hospital was constructed on between Willow Grove and Springfield Avenues , the Reading Railroad line and Stenton Avenue . The central compound was surrounded by a ring of 47 radiating wards and other buildings . Commanded by Dr . Andrew Hopkins , it had some 3 , 600 beds and treated over 20 , 000 patients , the majority being wounded and ill Union soldiers from the Army of the Potomac . The hospital featured many amenities for the patients and staff , including plumbing to provide hot water , special medical wards that could be isolated for patients with infections , centralized storage for supplies , flush toilets , band music , etc . The wounded were brought directly from Southern battlefields by railroad — a journey known as going from the seven circles of hell to heaven . Wyndmoor Station , Market Square Shopping Center , apartment buildings and townhouses now occupy the site .
Battle of Shirimni The Battle of Shirimni also known as the Battle of Palakazio was fought between the Byzantine and Georgian armies at the place of Shirimni at the Palakazio Lake ( now Çildir , Turkey ; then part of Georgia ) on September 11 , 1021 . Background . The battle was preceded by the two - decade - long dispute over the Georgian " courapalates " ’ succession that included several Byzantine - Georgian - Armenia n marchlands in Asia Minor . A full - scale war erupted when the Georgian king George I took the disputed areas by force , 1014 . In retaliation the Byzantine emperor Basil II led , in 1021 , a large army into Georgia pushing the Georgians back to their inner frontiers . Battle . Both Byzantine and Georgian armies were led by the monarchs themselves . Basil ’ s army included many Varangian Guard s while George was reinforced by some Armenian auxiliaries . Two armies met at a village Shirimni at the Palakazio Lake . The Georgians were close to win the battle , but powerful counterattacks by Basil proved to be decisive . Two Georgian high - ranking generals , Rati Baghvashi and Khursi were killed in action . Following this costly victory , the emperor plundered the nearby lands and returned to his dominions to winter at Trapezius .
German submarine U - 145 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 145 " was a Type IID U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 29 March 1940 at Deutsche Werke in Kiel as ' werk ' 274 , launched on 21 September and commissioned under the command of " Oberleutnant " Heinrich Driver . Her service was carried out , first with the 1st U - boat Flotilla then the 22nd flotilla ; she stayed with the latter organization for most of her career . Operational career . " U - 145 " did not sink or damage any ships , but she conducted three war patrols – all in 1941 .
Transport Medal The Transport Medal was a British campaign medal awarded to masters and officers of merchant ships that were used to move men and equipment to either South Africa during the South African War or China during the Boxer Rebellion . Approved in 1902 it was awarded by the Lord Commissioners of the Admiralty , it was intended that the medal would be awarded for future conflicts but was only awarded for the South Africa and China wars . The obverse of the medal bears the head of King Edward VII while the reverse depicts HMS Ophir beneath a map of the world . The reverse has the words in Latin " OB PATRIAM MILITIBUS PER MARE TRANSVECTIS ADJUTAM " which translates as " for services rendered in transporting troops by sea " .