naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Garand carbine The Garand carbine was John Garand ' s entry during the Light Rifle program that produced the M1 Carbine . The weapon was chambered in the . 30 Carbine round and was fed from a magazine inserted from the top right side . History . The first Springfield light rifle was designed by John C . Garand for the . 30 Carbine competitions ( tested 26 – 28 May 1941 ) , which had the top feed magazine . It required offset sights to allow for the top mounted magazine and ejected rounds , which frequently strike the operator ' s left arm . The second Springfield ( Garand ) Cal . 30 Light Rifle ( tested 15 Sep 1941 ) , had a more conventional bottom feed magazine placement but was heavier than the first model . Neither model went past prototype development .
Barrancas National Cemetery Barrancas National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located at Naval Air Station Pensacola , in the city of Pensacola , Florida . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , had 32 , 643 interments . History . The area has been used as a burial ground since the construction of Fort Barrancas . In 1838 it was established as a United States Navy cemetery . During the Civil War , Pensacola was hotly contested , as it was considered to be the best port for access to the Gulf of Mexico . Numerous soldiers on both sides were interred in the cemetery after falling in combat , or dying in nearby hospitals . After the war , in 1868 , Barrancas was officially made a National Cemetery and many other nearby makeshift burial grounds were disinterred and relocated to Barrancas . In each year , 1944 , 1950 , 1986 , and 1990 , more area was transferred from NAS Pensacola to expand the facilities for the cemetery . Notable monuments . Barrancas National Cemetery has a monument honoring those soldiers who died from yellow fever . It was erected in 1884 by the Marine Guard of the Pensacola Navy Yard .
Château de Beaufort The Château de Beaufort is a ruined castle located along the upper reaches of the Loire River in France . It is near the village of Goudet in the " département " of Haute - Loire , in the Auvergne region . It was built in the 13th century and modified in the 15th and 16th centuries . Perched on a rocky headland overhanging the granitic rocks of the Margeride , the fortress is today a ruined shell . Robert Louis Stevenson stopped here on his trip documented in " Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes " ( 1879 ) . " In this pleasant humour I came down the hill to where Goudet stands in a green end of a valley , with Château Beaufort opposite upon a rocky steep , and the stream , as clear as crystal , lying in a deep pool between them . " History . Built for surveillance and domination of the Loire valley , the castle provides an interesting example of how a 13th - century feudal castle could be adapted to the evolution of military construction , notable with the development of artillery . During the Hundred Years ' War and the Wars of Religion it was of historical importance but after the French Revolution it fell victim to a gradual abandonment which reduced it to the state of ruin . The site includes an " enceinte " , partly rebuilt in the 15th century , which surrounded the fortress halfway up the hill . The castle itself was , right from the start , of square plan with a courtyard occupied on the south by a residence . In the 16th century , Antoine de la Tour added a tower in the north - western corner , a large horseshoe - shaped tower in the south - western corner , and other walls , parts of which remain on the north and south sides , the latter with a corner tower . with turn of angle . Inside the " enceinte " , the vestiges on the ground or hidden provide little help to suggest how the inhabited parts were divided . In the north - east , are remnants of an arched room and a chimney . The 15th century tower was reinforced internally by a second wall and was pierced with holes for archers and cannons . It has been listed since 1994 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
Milo Evarts Milo Burnell Evarts ( 3 September 1913 – 12 October 1942 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War II . Biography . Born in Ruthton , Minnesota , Evarts enlisted in the Naval Reserve 31 August 1940 , and was commissioned 12 June 1941 as ensign . On the night of 11 – 12 October 1942 , in the Battle of Cape Esperance , Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Evarts was killed in action when his ship was damaged . Disregarding the danger of explosion from the fires which broke out in the gun turret of which he was in charge , Evarts stood to his station until killed . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his unyielding devotion to duty . Namesake . was named for him .
Barnaby ' s Tower Barnaby ' s Tower stands at the southeast corner of the city walls of Chester , Cheshire , England . It is designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building . The tower probably dates from the 13th century , and it was damaged in 1664 – 66 during the Civil War . When the city walls were converted into a raised walkway between 1702 and 1708 , the tower was converted to form a feature at this corner . It has been repaired on occasions since , and in 1879 – 80 was altered at the expense of one of the city councillors . The tower is constructed in coursed red sandstone rubble , and stands on a stony outcrop . It forms a three - sided projection from the walls , its top being level with the walkway , and is decorated with mock crenellation . There is no evidence of any chamber at a lower level .
Fort Andrew Fort Andrew was a six - gun Patriot fort also known as Gurnet Fort . Once located at Gurnet Point , it was rebuilt in 1808 , and again in 1863 and was renamed . It became a federal fort in 1869 . The reservation was sold in 1926 and became private property . A World War II fire - control tower was built on the parapet of the old fort . The Plymouth ( Gurnet Point ) Lighthouse is also here . Development . Through two separate transactions , one in 1808 and another in 1870 , the government acquired the that constituted Fort Andrew . The site , which protected Plymouth Harbor , is located at the extreme end of Duxbury Beach ( Gurnet Point ) , approximately 35 miles ( 56 km ) southeast of Boston . In 1927 , the War Department transferred the property to the U . S . Department of Treasury for use as a US Coast Guard Station . The use of the site prior to the government ' s acquisition is unknown , but it currently contains a residential area , a Coast Guard facility , and a lighthouse . Researchers uncovered no information pertaining to the facilities and activities of Fort Andrew prior to the Civil War . In 1863 , the military rebuilt the fort and placed seven coastal defense weapons at Fort Andrew . By 30 June 1867 , the fort possessed an additional light field piece installed on a temporary firing platform , which was removed by April 1880 . A records search uncovered no information pertaining to the operation of the fort after 1880 . The INPR indicates that the Department of Treasury acquired the land in 1927 , ending its use by the War Department , except for a tract that the Department of Defense used for a fire control station ( Site No . D01MA0510 ) . Armament . The seven coastal defense guns installed during the Civil War consisted of four eight - inch ( 203 mm ) smooth bore , and three 32 - pound rifled pieces . Documents describe the eighth piece installed at Fort Andrew as a " light field piece . " Three earth - covered structures pertained to the storage of ordnance at the site , two magazines and a filling room . Documents located by the research team did not mention the use of any CWM at this site . References . U . S . Army Corps of Engineers Huntsville Center PROJECT FACT SHEET FORMERLY USED DEFENSE SITES ( FUDS )
William S . Donaldson Commander William S . Donaldson III ( 1944 – August 22 , 2001 ) was a United States Navy pilot with more than 24 years of experience in nearly all phases of naval aviation and Vietnam War veteran . He became famous as a critic of the US Government ' s TWA flight 800 investigation . An All - State football player at Rancocas Valley Regional High School in New Jersey , Donaldson won a Football Scholarship to the University of Maryland . He has since been inducted into the Rancocas Valley Regional High School Hall of Fame . He joined the Navy and entered flight school in 1965 and in 1968 he flew more than 70 strike missions over North Vietnam and Laos in an A - 4 Skyhawk off the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid ( CV - 11 ) . Donaldson graduated from the Navy ' s Postgraduate Aviation Safety School in Monterey , California , where he completed the long course in aviation safety and crash investigation . He served as a safety officer and crash investigator at both the Squadron and Air Wing levels , and was qualified as a maintenance check pilot in six models of prop and jet aircraft . In later years he was a qualified Air Traffic Control Officer on the carrier USS Forrestal and flew an A - 6 Intruder off the carrier USS Eisenhower . He served for two years as a Carrier Controlled Approach Officer . In the mid - 1980s he was assigned to NATO in Naples , Italy as a Nuclear Weapons Targeting Officer . Over his career he held assignments as Safety Officer and had extensive training in aircraft crash investigation and investigated numerous crashes , including one that was accidentally shot down by a missile . Donaldson was awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal ; the Air Medal , 7th Award ; Navy Commendation Medal ( with Combat “ V ” ) and numerous other medals and awards . After his retirement in 1991 , he moved back to his family home on St . Clements Bay where he took up farming and was appointed to the St . Mary ’ s County Planning and Zoning Commission . In 1997 , after reading an editorial by the Chairman of the NTSB about the crash of TWA Flight 800 , Bill had a letter to the editor published in the Wall Street Journal that began a 4 year effort to bring to light the true cause of the crash . Over that time he was interviewed on several hundred radio programs and appeared on several national TV broadcasts as an expert aircraft crash investigator and vocal critic of the NTSB and FBI investigation . He founded the Associated Retired Aviation Professionals ( ARAP ) and started a website , to document the many discrepancies in the “ official ” version of the crash and to the end remained committed to proving that the aircraft was shot down by a missile , probably shoulder fired . William Donaldson died of a brain tumor at the age of 56 .
Robert Boyd ( British Army officer ) Lieutenant - General Sir Robert Boyd KB ( c . 1710 - 13 May 1794 ) was a British Army officer . Life . Boyd was baptized on 20 April 1710 at Richmond , Surrey and attended Glasgow University before entering the army in his father Ninian ' s profession of civilian storekeeper . In 1756 he served at the Siege of Minorca , and attempted to reach Admiral John Byng ' s fleet in an open boat with a message from the besieged Garrison Commander William Blakeney . Boyd was a witness at the subsequent court - martial at which Byng was tried for the loss of the Garrison . He subsequently became commissary general to the Marquess of Granby in Germany ( 1758 to 1759 ) ; he then rose through the officer ranks to be three - times Governor of Gibraltar ( 1776 to 1777 , 1790 and 1790 to 1794 ) . Boyd considered that his and General Sir William Green ' s work on the King ' s Bastion in Gibraltar was so important that he asked to be buried there . The site of his burial is not indicated but his body is lost under cement used to strengthen the building still further in the 19th century . A memorial stone was placed within the King ' s Chapel but the marble stone in the King ' s Bastion read : References .
Dirty Harry round Dirty Harry is the name given to the special round chambered 5 . 56x45mm . The rounds are designed by BAE Systems and were safety and performance tested by QinetiQ to supplement the existing 5 . 56 standard NATO ammunition issued to British Forces . Background . The necessity to use a more powerful round in place of regular 5 . 56mm NATO round was felt due to the unsatisfactory performance of it in medium range engagements . The British soldiers found their SA80 rifles ineffective at ranges exceeding because of insufficient Kinetic energy possessed by the round . Whereas the Taliban were able to effectively engage the British at ranges of by using 7 . 62x39mm ammunition from their AK series rifles . This resulted in the Ministry of Defence ( MoD ) requesting the development of a special round to be used from the existing SA80 rifles resulting in Dirty Harry . Status . The ammunition is currently undergoing testing in the Future Dismounted Close Combat research program . At a later point an initial order of about a million rounds is expected to be put up by the MoD .
Engagement ( military ) A military engagement is a combat between two forces , neither larger than a division and not smaller than a company , in which each has an assigned or perceived mission . An engagement begins when the attacking force initiates combat in pursuit of its mission , and ends when the attacker has accomplished the mission , or ceases to try to accomplish the mission , or when one or both sides receive sufficient reinforcements , thus initiating a new engagement . As a tactical mission the engagement is often a part of a battle . An engagement normally lasts one to two days ; it may be as brief as a few hours , and is rarely longer than five days . It is at this scale of combat that tactical engagement range s of weapons and support systems become important to the troops and their commanders .
Issa Pliyev Issa Alexandrovich Pliyev ( ; ) ( — 2 February 1979 ) was a Soviet military commander , Army General ( 1962 ) , twice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 16 April 1944 and 8 September 1945 ) , Hero of the Mongolian People ' s Republic ( 1971 ) . Member of the CPSU since 1926 . He was an ethnic Ossetian . During World War II , he commanded several mechanized cavalry units , ranging from regiments to army corps . He later commanded the North Caucasus Military District from 1958 to 1968 .
Carl Löwenhielm Count Carl Löwenhielm ( 1772 – 1861 ) was a Swedish military officer , diplomat , and politician ; he was a member of the Swedish cabinet between 1822 – 1839 . He was an illegitimate son of King Charles XIII of Sweden and Augusta von Fersen ( married to the Chancellor of the Royal Court Fredrik Adolf Löwenhielm ) and a half - brother of Gustaf Löwenhielm . He represented Sweden at the Congress of Vienna .
Edward Francis Winslow Edward Francis Winslow ( September 28 , 1837 - October 22 , 1914 ) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and later railroad executive . Biography . Early life . Winslow was born September 28 , 1837 in Augusta , Maine . In 1856 moved to Mount Pleasant , Iowa where he engaged in the mercantile business until the fall of 1861 when he enlisted into the 4th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry . After the war he began his longtime career in the railroad industry as a conductor . Civil War . When the Civil War began Winslow enlisted in the 4th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry as Captain of Company F . He was promoted to Major in 1863 and was wounded in a minor engagement at Twelve Mile Creek , Mississippi . He then participated in the siege of Vicksburg where he was posted to the rear of the siege lines to protect the army from Joseph E . Johnston ' s Confederate forces near Jackson , Mississippi . Here , Winslow was again wounded in a small cavalry action at Mechanicsburg , Mississippi . On July 4 , 1863 he became colonel of his regiment . For the next year he commanded cavalry brigades in the Department of the Tennessee being engaged in the battles of Meridian , Brice ' s Crossroads and Tupelo . In October , 1864 he commanded the 4th Brigade in Alfred Pleasonton ' s cavalry division during Price ' s Missouri Raid . He was wounded at the Battle of Westport and command of his brigade passed to Frederick Benteen . A few days later he returned to the field in command of a brigade in James H . Wilson ' s cavalry corps and fought at the battles of Selma and Columbia . Winslow received a brevet promotion to brigadier general , dated December 12 , 1864 . He was discharged from service on August 10 , 1865 . Railroad Executive . After the war Winslow continued his railroad career . He served as executive for the St . Louis & Southern Railroad , the Burlington , Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad , the New York , Ontario and Western Railway , the Manhattan Elevated Railway , the St . Louis and Southwestern Railway , executive of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad . Edward Winslow died on October 22 , 1914 in Canandaigua , New York .
USS Fierce ( AM - 97 ) USS " Fierce " ( AM - 97 ) was an of the United States Navy . Laid down on 18 October 1941 by the Nashville Bridge Co . , Nashville , Tennessee ; launched on 5 March 1942 , and commissioned on 12 October 1942 . The ship was reclassified as a submarine chaser , PC - 1601 on 1 June 1944 , and reclassified as a control submarine chaser PCC - 1601 on 20 August 1945 . " PC - 1601 " was decommissioned in December 1945 at San Francisco , California and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal on 15 June 1948 . Sold to John K . Seaborn and converted into a twin - engined tug and named " Seaborn II " . Fate unknown . PCC - 1601 earned two battle stars for World War II military action .
French frigate Favorite ( 1810 ) The Favorite was the 44 - gun " Pallas " - class frigate " Favorita " of the Navy of the Kingdom of Italy . The Italians exchanged her to the French Navy for the three brigs " Cyclope " and " Écureuil " and " Mercure " . On 12 March 1811 , " Favorite " , under Bernard Dubourdieu , led a frigate squadron to raid the British commerce raider base of the island of Lissa . The squadron encountered William Hoste ' s frigate squadron , leading to the Battle of Lissa . In the ensuing fight , " Favorite " attempted to board the British flagship HMS " Amphion " , distancing herself from the rest of her squadron . As the two ships neared , " Amphion " discharged a howitzer full of bullets which rendered a large number of the French casualties . Dubourdieu himself was killed at 9 : 10 . " Favorite " ' s first officer and second officers were killed as they attempted again to board " Amphion " . As she sailed around " Amphion " in an attempt to rake her and take her in a crossfire with the other French frigates , " Favorite " was outmanoeuvred and ran aground . Her crew set her on fire , and she exploded as the battle was still ongoing . Led by colonel Gifflinga , the crew of " Favorite " captured a coastal boat at Port St George which they used to flee to Lessina .
BAE Systems Demon The Demon is a UAV designed by BAE Systems , as part of its " FLAVIIR " project . It has a novel aerodynamic control system which uses engine exhaust and bleed air to provide the aerodynamic forces usually provided by flaps , ailerons and elevators . It has been called the world ' s first " flapless " plane . It first flew , from Walney Island , off the coast of Cumbria , UK on 17 September 2010 . Design and development . The unique circulation control system could be employed to reduce the size of the wing on widebody airliners . Its developers hope that the new design could reduce noise , cut fuel and lower maintenance costs . For military fast jets the technology might help to achieve greater stealth . The so - called " fluidic flight controls " guide air from a rectangular exhaust nozzle over upper and lower Coandă effect surfaces to establish pitch . For roll control , bleed air is blown over a Coanda surface installed on the trailing edge of the wing . By controlling boundary layer conditions , the fluidic controls can also provide greater lift or drag on take - off and landing .
HMS Encounter ( H10 ) HMS " Encounter " was an E - class destroyer of the Royal Navy before and during World War II , serving in home waters and in the Norwegian Campaign , before joining the Mediterranean Fleet and serving on the Malta Convoys , and then in the Eastern Fleet until sunk by Japanese warships in the Second Battle of the Java Sea on 1 March 1942 . Service . On the 30 July she joined Force H , sailing on the 31st with six other destroyers as escort to " Argus " in Operation Hurry — the first " Club Run " — to deliver twelve Hurricane fighter aircraft to the besieged island of Malta . While serving with the Eastern Fleet in 1942 , she and the destroyer were attacked by four Japanese cruisers and four destroyers in the Second Battle of the Java Sea . " Encounter " suffered major damage and was scuttled by her crew . Eight of the ship ' s company were killed and the remaining 149 became prisoners of war , 38 of whom died in captivity . " Pope " was later attacked and sunk by 12 dive - bombers after sustaining many direct hits . The following day , the Imperial Japanese Navy destroyer rescued 442 survivors from HMS " Encounter " and USS " Pope " . The survivors had been adrift for some 20 hours , in rafts and lifejackets or clinging to floats , many coated in oil and unable to see . Among the rescued was Sir Sam Falle , later a British diplomat . This humanitarian decision by Lieutenant Commander Shunsaku Kudō placed the " Ikazuchi " at risk of submarine attack , and interfered with her fighting ability due to the sheer numbers of rescued sailors . The action was later the subject of a book and a 2007 TV programme . Discovery of wreck . The wrecks of " Exeter " and " Encounter " were first located by divers off Java in February 2007 , and their identities confirmed at that time .
USS Bouker No . 2 ( SP - 1275 ) USS " Bouker No . 2 " ( SP - 1275 ) , later YT - 30 , was a tug that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1921 . " Bouker No . 2 " was built as the commercial tug SS " Robert Rogers " in 1904 at Tottenville , Staten Island , New York , by A . C . Brown and Sons . She was owned by the Bouker Towing Company and had been renamed SS " Bouker No . 2 " by the time the 3rd Naval District inspected her for possible World War I service as a minesweeper . The U . S . Navy acquired her on 14 December 1917 and commissioned her as USS " Bouker No . 2 " ( SP - 1275 ) . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Bouker No . 2 " operated as a district craft , towing in the Hampton Roads , Virginia , area until the spring of 1921 . When the U . S . Navy instituted an alphanumeric hull number classification system for its ships in mid - 1920 , she received the hull number YT - 30 on 17 July 1920 . " Bouker No . 2 " was ordered inspected for sale on 23 April 1921 , but was withdrawn from the sale list in July 1921 . Instead , she was transferred to the City of Norfolk , Virginia , in August 1921 for use as a fireboat . Less than a year later , the Norfolk city government decided that it could not use " Bouker No . 2 " " for fire purposes " and returned her to the Navy at the Norfolk Navy Yard at Portsmouth , Virginia , on 15 June 1922 . The Navy sold " Bouker No . 2 " to the New York Marine Company of New York City on 25 July 1922 . Her name was struck from the Navy List simultaneously .