naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William H . Winder William Henry Winder ( 1775 – 1824 ) was an American soldier and a Maryland lawyer . He was a controversial general in the U . S . Army during the War of 1812 . Early life . Winder was born in Somerset County , Maryland . He was the nephew of Levin Winder . He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania , and from 1798 to 1812 practiced law in Baltimore . War of 1812 . Winder was commissioned as a colonel in the U . S . Army at the start of the War of 1812 . Promoted to brigadier general , he was one of two acting commanders of the American army at the Battle of Stoney Creek in July 1813 , where he was captured , along with fellow commander John Chandler . Battle of Bladensberg . Exchanged the following year , Winder was appointed commander of the defenses of Washington and Baltimore by President James Madison on July 4 , 1814 . He received little logistical support from the government , especially Secretary of War Armstrong who received much blame for the upcoming disaster . In August , General Robert Ross with several thousand troops advanced upon Washington . Winder had only a few hundred regulars , and a mob of some thousands of militia to oppose them . He made no attempt to skirmish or slow down the advancing British and decided on an all - or - nothing set piece defensive battle at Bladensburg . The Americans met the British at the Battle of Bladensburg on August 24 , 1814 . He failed to show effective command in the battle , although he received virtually no support from the Secretary of War and Secretary of State James Monroe actually interfered with his command by repositioning some of the militia , which may have had a significant contribution to the ensuing rout . He clearly did not support Commodore Barney ' s second line that actually repulsed the 85th foot after the rout of the American first line . As a result of the battle , the capital fell into the hands of the invaders . Winder was afterward court - martial ed , but was acquitted of all blame . After the debacle of Bladenburg , Winder was maneuvered out of having any significant command at Baltimore in favor of the highly competent Samuel Smith and was relegated under protest to the command of limited troops on the Western Approaches to Baltimore which were not considered a likely route for the British Attack . Winder would have participated in the battle at Hampstead Hill to the East of Baltimore had the British decided to carry forward to the attack . Later life . Winder also testified at the impeachment trial of Associate Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase . One of his sons , John H . Winder , was a brigadier general in the Confederate army during the American Civil War .
William Crozier ( cricketer ) William Magee Crozier ( 5 December 1873 in Dublin , Ireland – 1 July 1916 in Thiepval , France ) was an Irish cricketer . A right - handed batsman , he played one first - class match for Dublin University against Leicestershire in June 1895 . He was an officer of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and was killed in action during the First World War . References . city
Tonopah Air Force Station Tonopah Air Force Station ( ADC ID : SM - 164 , NORAD ID : Z - 164 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located south of Tonopah , Nevada . It was closed in 1970 . History . Tonopah Air Force Station was initially part of Phase II of the Air Defense Command Mobile Radar program . The Air Force approved this expansion of the Mobile Radar program on October 23 , 1952 . Radars in this network were designated “ SM . ” The station became operational on 1 October 1956 when the 866th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was moved to the new station , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . In 1957 the 866th AC & W Squadron activated an AN / MPS - 7 radar and operated manually . In June 1961 the site was moved to another peak and joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , initially feeding data to DC - 21 at Stead AFB , Nevada . After joining , the squadron was re - designated as the 866th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 1 July 1961 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . In addition , the 866th Radar Squadron operated a pair of AN / FPS - 6 height - finder and AN / FPS - 7 C search radars . In 1963 the height - finder radars were converted to AN / FPS - 90 sets , and on 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 164 . One AN / FPS - 90 was retired in 1969 . The Air Force inactivated the 866th Radar Squadron 1 July 1970 as a result of budget restrictions , and the general phase down of air defense radar stations . However during the 1970s , a site near the former radar station was used by the Air Force as part of the Foreign Technology Evaluation program being conducted at nearby Tonopah Test Range Airport . A " Bar Lock " search radar from the Soviet Union was installed at the former Tonopah AFS GATR site to evaluate the Soviet Air Defense System . It was a very valuable tool use for many things . The Air Force needed to develop the all the interfacing equipment in order to use the data in remote locations . Great care was taken not do anything to change the characteristics of the radar itself . A lot of equipment was duplicated and placed in different locations to complete the ground environment , which turned out to be a great training facility . Today , the former Tonopah AFS is now a commercial transmitter site . A few old Air Force buildings are still in use for other uses . The FAA radar uses two out of the three former USAF RADAR platforms .
Grumman S - 2 Tracker The Grumman S - 2 Tracker ( tracer ) was the first aircraft ASW ( antisubmarine warfare ) in combination detection sensors such as weapons in a single plane . It was designed specifically for United States Navy who named S2F ( in 1962 it redesignated S - 2 ) . History . in the 1940 ' s the U . S . Navy had delegated the task of patrolling the area to air defense of its naval units to Grumman AF Guardian , A large single engine derived from the previous TBF Avenger that the limit had to be forced to operate in pairs , an aircraft equipped with radar equipment with the task of identifying the submarine enemies and a second equipped with a torpedo to be able to hit . With the development of weapons technology and the beginning of Cold War that forced the U . S . to a greater care in monitoring their territories in the U . S . Navy found that such a solution had become obsolete and that it was necessary to quickly remedy the situation . To do so , issued a specification for the provision of a new aircraft that could operate from aircraft carriers or land bases that can be combined in a single model the tasks hitherto performed by the heat Guardian . Development . Grumman proposed the project G - 89 . A twin - engine model characterized by its compact size and by ' starboard wing by the significant elongation . The beginning of Korean War made urgent the need by the U . S . Navy to have the model quickly , so the June 30 , 1950 was issued a supply contract for two prototypes XS2F - 1 more than 15 other specimens of series S2F - 1 . The development program managed to achieve the first unit at the end of 1952 which was flown for the first time December 4 the same year . The flight tests confirmed the goodness of the project by awarding the final Grumman future supply contracts . were subsequently introduced two subversions , initially designated WF Tracer ( AEW ) And TF Trader ( Transport ) and which were changed E - 1 Tracer and C - 1 Trader the standardization of naming conventions introduced in the U . S . armed forces in 1962 . The D - 2 was jokingly nicknamed " Stoof " ( from S - Two - F ) by the crew while the military - derived E - 1 Tracer , with its large radome above , was renamed the pun " stoof with a roof . " ( stoof with roof ) . Grumman produced a total of 1 185 Tracker while another 99 specimens , who took the description CS2F , Were built under license in Canada by de Havilland Canada . U . S . production models were sold to many nations including Australia , Japan , Italy and Taiwan . Operational use . The department received the first new model was VS - 26 in February 1954 and operated them until 1976 . Operators . Argentina Italy
197th ( Lancashire Fusiliers ) Brigade The 197th ( Lancashire Fusiliers ) Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as a second line brigade , part of the 66th ( 2nd East Lancashire ) Division , from those men in the Territorial Force who had not agreed to serve overseas . The brigade served on the Western Front .
30th Guards Army Corps The 30th Guards Army Corps was an army corps of the Soviet Ground Forces . As part of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War it was designated the 30th Guards Rifle Corps . It was formed in April 1943 on the basis of three guards rifle divisions , which had distinguished themselves in battle to break through the Siege of Leningrad - the 45th , 63rd and 64th ( the last came from the Volkhov Front ) . So the corps was a Guards unit from the first day of its formation . N . P . Simonyak , who had received for Operation Spark the title of Hero of the Soviet Union , was appointed as commander . Until the second week of February 1944 , the two armies of the Leningrad Front had deployed only vanguard elements while attempting to force entry into Estonia . Army General Leonid A . Govorov of Leningrad Front ordered the 2nd Shock Army to break through the German defence line north and south of Narva town , move the front fifty kilometres westwards and continue towards the town of Rakvere . The artillery of the 2nd Shock army opened fire on all German positions on 11 February , continuing the Battle for Narva Bridgehead . The 30th Guards Rifle Corps joined the Soviet units attempting to seize the Auvere station . The guards riflemen widened the bridgehead to ten kilometres along the front . The remains of the German 227th and 170th Infantry Division s retreated . General Major Romancov ordered an assault at Auvere settlement by the Air Force and artillery on 13 February , with the 64th Guard Rifle Division seizing the village in a surprise attack . Half a kilometre westward from Auvere station , the 191st Guard Rifle Regiment cut through the railway two kilometres from the Tallinn highway , which was the last way out for Army Group Narwa , but was repelled by the 170th Infantry Division and the 502nd Heavy Panzer Battalion . The corps was deployed during the postwar period on the Karelian Isthmus with the headquarters in the city of Vyborg ( Leningrad Military District ) . The corps was disbanded in 1998 .
545th Bombardment Squadron The 545th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 384th Bombardment Wing , stationed at Little Rock Air Force Base , Arkansas . It was inactivated on 1 September 1964 . History . Established as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England , Flew combat missions over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until the German capitulation in May 1945 . Reassigned to Air Transport Command and used B - 17s as transports for demobilized personnel . Flew transport routes to French Morocco and Azores ; returning to Istes France . Squadron inactivated in France during February 1946 . Activated as a B - 29 Superfortress squadron in the reserves , 1947 . Not manned or equipped , inactivated in 1949 due to budget reductions . Reactivated in August 1955 as a Strategic Air Command B - 47 Stratojet squadron which were designed to carry nuclear weapons and to penetrate Soviet air defenses with its high operational ceiling and near supersonic speed . The squadron flew the B - 47 for about a decade when by the mid - 1960s it had become obsolescent and vulnerable to new Soviet air defenses . Inactivated with the phaseout of the B - 47 ; sending aircraft to storage at Davis - Monthan in the late summer of 1964 and the squadron was inactivated .
USS Zumbrota ( YP - 93 ) USS " Zumbrota " ( SP - 93 / YP - 93 ) was a motor boat in the United States Navy . " Zumbrota " was built in 1914 at Port Clinton , Ohio , by the Matthews Boat Company and was acquired by the Navy on 11 August 1917 from circus entrepreneur , Charles Ringling , of Sarasota , Florida , for service as a section patrol boat and was designated SP - 93 . East Coast operations . Commissioned on 11 August 1917 , " Zumbrota " was assigned to the 7th Naval District and operated out of Key West , Florida . She conducted local patrols for the duration of the war . Redesignated YP - 93 in 1920 , she continued her operations in the Florida waters of the 7th Naval District until decommissioned on 5 November 1926 . Struck from the Navy List on 8 November 1926 , the boat was sold to the Thompson Fish Co . , of Key West , on 3 May 1927 . Current Port . The Zumbrota currently resides in southern California as a dinner cruise vessel .
Daniel M . McGurl Daniel Michael McGurl ( October 2 , 1896 - April 17 , 1976 ) was a United States Navy admiral . He was born in Minersville , Pennsylvania and graduated from United States Naval Academy in 1919 . In World War II , he commanded the attack cargo ship , and the light cruiser from her commissioning on 31 August 1943 to October 1944 , and was later promoted to rear admiral . He retired on 30 June 1949 . At the time of his death , he lived in Lower Merion , Pennsylvania . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery . Awards . McGurl received the Legion of Merit in 1943 for his actions while in command of " Alcyone " during the Allied invasion of Sicily , and second Legion of Merit for his command of " Biloxi " in the Pacific in 1944 . He also received the Silver Star for successfully repelling an attempted attack by Japanese aircraft on the Fast Carrier Task Force on 13 October 1944 .
Günther Kempin Günther Kempin ( 2 December 1920 – 12 August 1998 ) was a highly decorated Feldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he was credited with flying 474 missions .
MV Powerful The MV " Powerful " is a Danish - flagged cargo ship owned by Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd . of Greece . It was attacked with the intention of hijack by Somali pirates using assault rifle s on November 11 , 2008 in the Arabian Sea ' s Gulf of Aden in the Horn of Africa . Its capture was thwarted by the Royal Marines of the British frigate , HMS " Cumberland " , as well as the crew of the Russia n Neustrashimy class frigate . The November 11 incident off Somalia ' s coast occurred south of the Yemeni coast , in the Gulf of Aden . The engagement was attributed to Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa and was described by " The Times " as " the first time the Royal Navy had been engaged in a fatal shoot - out on the high seas in living memory . "
Land Information Assurance Group The Land Information Assurance Group - LIAG - is a specialist Territorial Army ( TA ) unit , formed as a result of the Strategic Defence Review ( SDR ) of 1998 : ' On Information Warfare . . . Our potential < br > adversaries may choose to adopt < br > alternative weapons and unconventional < br > ( or asymmetric ) strategies , perhaps < br > attacking us through vulnerabilities in < br > our open civil societies . ' < br > Extract from The Strategic Defence Review , 1998 The LIAG falls within the 2 ( National Communications ) Signal Brigade of the Royal Corps of Signals and its tasks are managed by the Royal Signals Central Volunteer Headquarters ( CVHQ ) . The LIAG is a " specialist " TA unit - unlike units of the more common " independent " kind , which are formed by volunteers with all manner of professional and personal backgrounds , LIAG ( like other specialist units in medical and communications areas ) consists of professionals selected for their professional skills . This reduces the training burden on the military such that only military skills need to be provided to these volunteers - their technical skills are the main selection criteria . It is also unusual that LIAG is a multi cap badged unit and has members who have served with the Royal Navy ; Army units : Royal Artillery and Infantry Units and the Royal Air Force . It consists entirely of commissioned Officers - the CO is a Lieutenant Colonel , and the unit is comprised in the main of Majors and Captains .
Arabic Case On August 19 , 1915 , a German submarine torpedoed without warning the British White Star Line passenger liner , Arabic , with the loss of two United States citizens . This attack occurred soon after the exchanges of notes that followed the torpedoing similarly of the " RMS Lusitania " in which the United States had insisted that the lives of non - combatant s could not lawfully be put in jeopardy by the capture or destruction of unresisting merchants . The German act indicated that it was still uncertain whether Germany had accepted the American position . After seeking to justify the attack on the ground that the " Arabic " was attempting to ram the submarine , the German government disavowed the act and offered indemnity . Claims of United States citizens arising out of this and similar cases were eventually adjudicated under the Treaty of Berlin ( 1921 ) by the Mixed Claims Commission , United States and Germany , following World War I .
Lauritz Nelson Lauritz Nelson ( March 26 , 1860 – September 16 , 1944 ) was a sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Nelson was born March 26 , 1860 in Norway and entered the US navy in 1885 . Later he was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the torpedo boat U . S . S . Nashville as a sailmaker ' s mate . Lauritz retired from the navy in 1905 with the rank of Chief Boatswain ' s Mate . He died September 16 , 1944 and is buried in Long Island National Cemetery Farmingdale , New York . His grave can be found in section dds , site 2 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sailmaker ' s Mate , U . S . Navy . Born : 26 March 1860 , Norway . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Nelson displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
127th Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 127th Light Mechanized Infantry Division is the primary maneuver element of the 54th Group Army in the Jinan Military Region . The 127th Light Mobile Mechanized Infantry Division is one of the most famous and best - equipped PLA formations . Its three main regiments , the 371st , 379th , and 380th , are all Red Army Regiments . The 371st regiment is the famed Ye Ting independent regiment , a nationalist armored train unit that was once commanded by Dr SunYat - Sen , with Zhou Enlai as it ’ s political commissar during the Republican Revolution of 1911 . The " Iron Army " title was an honor for its Armored Train roots . It also acted as vanguard in the battle to seize the Luding Bridge during the Long March .
Château de Cambiac The Château de Cambiac is a 15th - century castle in the " commune " of Cambiac in the Haute - Garonne " département " of France . Originally a vast 15th century residence , it was probably constructed on the foundations of an earlier structure . It was given to the " sieur " Milhau , constable of Montauban , by Marguerite de Navarre . At the end of the 19th century , massive restoration works gave the castle an extra floor and a pavilion . A Louis XII style was incorporated both inside and out . Privately owned , it has been listed since 2001 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
USS Mackerel ( SS - 204 ) USS " Mackerel " ( SS - 204 ) , the lead ship of her class of submarine , was the first ship of the United States Navy named for the mackerel , a common food and sport fish . Her keel was laid down on 6 October 1939 , at the Electric Boat Company of Groton , Connecticut . She was launched on 28 September 1940 , sponsored by Mrs . William . R . Furlong , and commissioned on 31 March 1941 , with Lieutenant John F . Davidson in command . Throughout World War II , " Mackerel " , assigned in Submarine Squadron 1 at New London , Connecticut , participated in the training and improvement of the Navy ' s submarine force . Designed as an experimental submarine , she provided support services to the Underwater Sound Laboratory and training services to the Submarine and the Prospective Commanding Officers Schools at New London , in addition to training Allied surface vessels and aircraft in antisubmarine warfare . Although most of her time was spent in the New London area , she steamed as far north as Casco Bay and as far south as Chesapeake Bay to conduct antisubmarine training exercises . While in the New London - Narragansett Bay area she often worked with TG 28 . 4 , the antisubmarine development detachment , as well as with the Underwater Sound Laboratory ; thus aiding , both tactically and technically , in the development of submarine knowledge . During the course of the war , " Mackerel " made only one contact with the enemy . Having departed New London 12 April 1942 , she proceeded , on the surface , to Norfolk , Virginia , to conduct antisubmarine training exercises for Army and Navy aircraft . On the night of the 14th her lookouts sighted the wakes of two torpedoes heading for the submarine . Evasion maneuvers proved effective and " Mackerel " , undamaged , launched two torpedoes at a surfaced enemy submarine . The following morning another , or the same , enemy submarine was sighted , but " Mackerel " was again out - distanced . However , unsubstantiated reports claim that prior to this in February 1942 , " Mackerel " and her sister ship , " " , engaged and sank the giant Free French Navy submarine , " Surcouf " , after discovering her in Long Island Sound refueling a German U - boat , which was also sunk . At the end of the war , " Mackerel " was ordered to Boston , where she was decommissioned on 9 November 1945 , at Boston , Massachusetts , and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 28 November 1945 . She was sold for scrapping to the North American Smelting Company of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 24 April 1947 . A fictional " Mackerel " was featured in the novel " Pride Runs Deep " by R . Cameron Cooke . This vessel fought in the Pacific . In the concluding historical note the author , a submarine officer , acknowledges the real boat .