naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Rohilla Rohilla was a steamship of the British India Steam Navigation Company which ran aground in 1914 while serving as HMHS " Rohilla " ( His Majesty ' s Hospital Ship " Rohilla " ) . The steamship was named " Rohilla " in honour of Rohilla s , Afghan highlanders ( " Roh " means " mountains " and " Rohilla " literally means " mountaineer " or " highlander " ) who entered India with Nadir Shah Durrani and were awarded territory in northern India later renamed Rohilkhand , in modern Uttar Pradesh state . History . " Rohilla " ( 7 , 114 tons gross ) was built in 1906 in Belfast by Harland & Wolff . It was called up at the outset of World War I and converted into a naval hospital ship . Sailing south through the North Sea , at around 4 : 00 a . m . on 30 October 1914 the " Rohilla " struck Whitby Rock , a reef at Saltwick south of Whitby . At the time there was a fierce gale and due to wartime blackout conditions no landmarks were visible . Although the ship was only 600 metres from shore , the treacherous conditions of the high seas and storm force winds made rescue difficult . Rockets with ropes attached were fired from the cliffs , but all missed . The " Rohilla " had no rockets of her own . Due to the weather conditions Whitby ' s lifeboat could not be launched from the harbour , so it was carried by hand over an eight - foot seawall and across rocks so that it could be launched from the beach nearest the ship . The five women aboard the ship were the first to be rescued . Seventeen survivors were taken during the lifeboat ' s first run , and another eighteen were rescued on its second ; however , the lifeboat itself was too badly damaged to continue the rescue . Six Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats ( Bradford , John Fielden , Queensbury , Robert and Mary Ellis , William Riley of Birmingham and Leamington and the Henry Vernon ) carried out a rescue operation lasting fifty hours , saving many of the 229 people on board , but 85 lives were lost in the disaster . Amongst those rescued from " Rohilla " was Mary Kezia Roberts , who had survived the sinking of RMS " Titanic " just two years earlier in 1912 . The Empire Gallantry Medal ( later changed to the George Cross ) was awarded to Major Burton of the Tynemouth lifeboat " Henry Vernon " for his role in the rescue . The Gold Medal of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution , the highest honour the institute could award , was presented to Coxswain Thomas Langlands and Coxswain Robert Smith . The Silver Medal , the Royal National Lifeboat Institution ’ s second highest award , was bestowed on Second Coxswain Richard Eglon , Second Coxswain James ’ Brownlee , Lieutenant Bazil Hall RN , and George Peart , who also received £10 . Lloyds Agent , Captain John Milburn , received a letter of thanks and a pair of binoculars . Whitby Police received £10 from the R . N . L . I . and £25 from the owners of the Rohilla . The crews of the lifeboat John Fielden and Henry Vernon got additional cash payments . Captain Neilson was awarded the Bronze Medal of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals , for his efforts in the rescue of the ship ' s cat .
Harry Harris ( director ) Harry Harris ( September 8 , 1922 - March 19 , 2009 ) was an American television and film director . Harris moved to Los Angeles in 1937 and got a mailroom job at Columbia Studios . After attending UCLA , he became an apprentice sound cutter , assistant sound effects editor , and then an assistant film editor at Columbia Pictures . He enlisted in the Army Air Forces at the start of World War II , and as part of the First Motion Picture Unit , reported to Hal Roach Studios in Culver City . His supervisor there was Ronald Reagan , who hired him as sound effects editor for training and combat films . At the end of World War II , Harris became an assistant film editor and then an editor for Desilu , the studio of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz . Over the next five decades , he directed hundreds to TV episodes , with significant contributions to " Gunsmoke " , " Eight is Enough " , " The Waltons " , and " Falcon Crest " . He won an Emmy Award for directing a 1982 episode of " Fame " , and was nominated for two other Emmy Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award .
308 Division ( Vietnam ) The 308th Division is an infantry division of the People ' s Army of Vietnam , first formed in 1948 - 49 . As early as January 1946 , the first regiment of the PAVN , the 102 ' Capital ' Regiment , was created for operations around Hanoi . It consisted of Regiments 88 , 102 , and 36 , and soon became the 308 ' Vanguard ' Division . By late 1950 the 308 Division had a full three infantry regiments , one heavy weapons regiment , and support units . Under Colonel Vuong Thua Vu , the division fought at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 . It fought at the Battle of Khe Sanh in 1967 - 68 . In October 1970 , the division was in training in North Vietnam , and during the Tet Offensive it was working on flood protection dikes in North Vietnam . During Operation Lam Son 719 in 1971 the division fought as part of the B - 70 Corps . In 1972 the division was commanded by Nguyễn Hữu An . It fought in the First Battle of Quang Tri . When the NVA I Corps was organized in the fall of 1973 , the 308th , 312th , and 320B Divisions , having returned from the Quang Tri front , were all assigned to it . In 1980s , the division was reorganized into a mechanized infantry division and became the rapid response force of the 1st Corps since then . Today the division is part of the 1st Corps ( Vietnam People ' s Army ) located in the Red River Delta .
Sergey Gorshkov Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Georgiyevich Gorshkov ( ) ( February 26 , 1910 - May 13 , 1988 ) was a Soviet naval officer during the Cold War who oversaw the expansion of the Soviet Navy into a global force . Biography . Born in Kamianets - Podilskyi , Gorshkov grew up in Kolomna . Gorshkov joined the Soviet Navy in 1927 . He graduated from the Leningrad M . V . Frunze Higher Naval School in 1931 , and gained command of surface boats in the Black Sea in 1932 . During World War II he distinguished himself in landings on the Kerch Peninsula and commanded a destroyer squadron at the end of the war . In 1948 , he became Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet , soon he assumed its full command . He was appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Soviet Navy by Nikita Khrushchev in 1956 , and under Leonid Brezhnev oversaw a massive naval build - up of surface and submarine forces , creating a force capable of challenging Western naval power by the late 1970s . Gorshkov is often associated with the phrase " ' Better ' is the enemy of ' Good Enough ' " ( " Лучшее - враг хорошего " ) which is reputed to have hung on the wall of his office as a motto . Similar sentiments have been attributed to Clausewitz and Voltaire . The motto appears in the Tom Clancy novel , " The Hunt For Red October " . The phrase is also attributed to Admiral Gorshkov in Norman Polmar ' s " Guide to the Soviet Navy " ( 1983 , 3rd edition ) . That is one year prior to Clancy ' s first published date for " Hunt " by the Naval Institute Press . Honours , Awards and Decorations . Gorshkov has been commemorated by various monuments and namings :
PM - 79 mine The PM - 79 is a small circular Bulgarian blast resistant anti - personnel mine , superficially similar to the Russia n PMN . The mine uses a unique trigger design ; on the top of the mine , beneath a thin rubber cover is a dish shaped pressure plate . Pressure on the outer rim of the dish shaped plate levers up a central post , which triggers the mine . The mine also incorporates a mechanical arming delay using a pin cutting through a thin lead strip . The mine arms in between two minutes and four hours depending on the temperature . The mine has been withdrawn from Bulgarian service , although it is sometimes found in parts of Asia .
Burma Division The Burma Division was a static formation of the British Indian Army . It was created as part of the 1903 reforms of the Indian Army by Herbert Kitchener , 1st Earl Kitchener then Commander - in - Chief , India . The task of such formations was to oversee area brigades commanding Internal Security troops . The formation is best thought of as a provincial or district command rather than as an infantry division . The headquarters of the division was at Maymyo . At the start of World War I the division consisted of :
Bombing of Kassa The bombing of Kassa took place on 26 June 1941 , when still unidentified aircraft conducted an airstrike on the city of Kassa , then a part of Hungary , today Košice in Slovakia . This attack became the pretext for the government of Hungary to declare war on the Soviet Union the next day , 27 June . On 26 June 1941 , four days after Germany attacked the Soviet Union in violation of the Molotov - Ribbentrop non - aggression treaty , three unidentified planes of apparently Soviet origin bombed the city , killing and wounding over a dozen people and causing minor material damage . The true identity of the attacking nation has never been established . The official explanation preferred by Soviet historians was the idea of a feigned attack by Germany to provoke Hungary into attacking the Soviet Union , employing Soviet planes captured on conquered airfields . Another possibility is that the Soviet bomber s mistook Kassa for a nearby city in the First Slovak Republic , which was already at war with the Soviet Union . Colonel Ádám Krúdy , the commander of the Kassa military airfield , identified the attackers as German Heinkel He - 111 bombers in his official report but was ordered to keep silent about it . Three renowned Hungarian aviation historians , Iván Pataki , László Rozsos and Gyula Sárhidai have later proven that the attack was actually not a false flag operation but Soviet aircraft attacked the city by mistake . At the time Slovakia ( occupied by Germany and governed by a puppet government ) was already at war with the Soviet Union and the Germans set up a radio station in the city of Prešov ( Eperjes ) just about 30 kilometers north of Kassa . The two cities are not only close to each other but also look very similar from the air . All three bombers aimed at the post office building which had a large radio antenna on its roof . After releasing a total of 29 bombs , one plane dropped a single one outside the city which did not explode . It was a 105 kg Soviet bomb . Ádám Krúdy has most probably misidentified three Soviet TB - 3 bombers as German He - 111 s which indeed looked similarly . His report about sighting German planes was immediately dismissed , but not " hushed up " as suggested by post - war Communist propaganda which favored the theory of a German false flag operation to lure Hungary into the war over a genuine Soviet bombing raid . After the incident Hungary declared itself at war with the Soviet Union .
Louie Yim - qun " Clifford " Louie Yim - qun ( ; 1914 – 1999 ) , also known as Louie Yen - chung , was born in Seattle , Washington ; his father was from Taishan county , Guangdong , China . He obtained a private pilot ' s license at the Portland Flying School , Oregon , and went to China in 1933 . One of the other pilots in Portland was Hazel Ying Lee , who later became his wife . She was the first Chinese American to volunteer for the Women Airforce Service Pilots . Military career . Louie returned to China to participate in the Second Sino - Japanese War . He joined the 28th Fighter Squadron of the 5th Fighter Group , and became Deputy Squadron Leader in 1937 . Louie ended the war with 3 biplane victories . Some sources credits Louie with 5 victories , but this has not been possible to verify . In the fall of 1942 , Major Louie was sent to the United States and entered Staff and Command College . In 1945 he was sent to Karachi in British India as an instructor to Allied pilots . After the Japanese surrender , he went to Japan as a member of China ’ s Military Commission in Japan . In the 50 ’ s and 60 ’ s , General Louie served as Chief Liaison Officer to the U . S . Garrison Command in Taiwan , Chief of Air Intelligence , and Chief of Operations , CG of the Combat Command , and Deputy C - in - C of the Chinese Air Force . In 1967 he became Deputy Chief of General Staff in the Ministry of National Defence . He was promoted from Lieutenant General to General ( 2nd Grade ) in 1970 . Business career . He retired from the military in 1974 , and became CEO and then chairman of the board of China Airlines until 1978 . Personal life . His first wife , Hazel Ying Lee , was killed in a flying accident at Great Falls , Montana , on 23 November 1944 , while ferrying a P - 63 from Buffalo , New York . In 1946 he wed Pearl Lowe in Shanghai ' s Holy Trinity Cathedral . They had two daughters and a son together .
United States Secretary of the Army The Secretary of the Army ( SA or SECARMY ) is a senior civilian official within the Department of Defense of the United States of America with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army : manpower , personnel , reserve affairs , installations , environmental issues , weapons systems and equipment acquisition , communications , and financial management . The Secretary of the Army is nominated by the President and confirmed by the U . S . Senate , the Secretary of the Army is a non - Cabinet position serving under the Secretary of Defense . This position was created on September 18 , 1947 , replacing the Secretary of War , when the Department of War became the Department of the Army and was made a department within the new Department of Defense . The current Secretary of the Army , John M . McHugh , took office on September 21 , 2009 . Responsibilities . The Senior Leadership of the Department of the Army consists of two civilians — the Secretary of the Army and the Under Secretary of the Army — and two military officers of four - star rank — the Chief of Staff of the Army and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army . The Secretary of the Army ( ) is in effect the chief executive officer of the Department of the Army , and the Chief of Staff of the Army works directly for the Secretary of the Army . The Secretary presents and justifies Army policies , plans , programs , and budgets to the Secretary of Defense , other executive branch officials , and to the Congressional Defense Committees . The Secretary also communicates Army policies , plans , programs , capabilities , and accomplishments to the public . As necessary , the Secretary convenes meetings with the senior leadership of the Army to debate issues , provide direction , and seek advice . The Secretary is a member of the Defense Acquisition Board . The Secretary of the Army has several responsibilities under the Uniform Code of Military Justice , including the authority to convene general courts - martial . Another responsibility of the Secretary of the Army is the management of the Civilian Aides to the Secretary of the Army Program . Office of the Secretary of the Army . The Office of the Secretary of the Army is composed of the Under Secretary of the Army , the Assistant Secretaries of the Army , the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army , the General Counsel of the Department of the Army , the Inspector General of the Army , the Chief of Legislative Liaison , and the Army Reserve Forces Policy Committee . Other offices may be established by law or by the Secretary of the Army . No more than 1 , 865 officers of the Army on the active - duty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army and on the Army Staff . Chronological list of Secretaries of the Army . Kenneth Claiborne Royall , the last Secretary of War , became the first Secretary of the Army when the National Defense Act of 1947 took effect and was the last Army secretary to hold the cabinet status , which was henceforth assigned to the Secretary of Defense .
Condominium ( international law ) In international law , a condominium ( plural either " condominia " , as in Latin , or condominiums ) is a political territory ( state or border area ) in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally " dominium " ( in the sense of sovereignty ) and exercise their rights jointly , without dividing it up into ' national ' zones . Although a condominium has always been recognized as a theoretical possibility , condominia have been rare in practice . A major problem , and the reason why so few have existed in practice , is the difficulty of ensuring co - operation between the sovereign powers ; once the understanding fails , the status is likely to become untenable . The word is recorded in English since c . 1714 , from Modern Latin , apparently coined in Germany c . 1700 from Latin " com - " " together " + " dominium " " right of ownership " ( compare domain ) . Co - principality . Under French law , Andorra was once considered to be a French – Spanish condominium , although it is more commonly classed as a co - principality , since it is itself a sovereign state , not a possession of one or more foreign powers , even though the quality of Head of State is shared " ex officio " by two foreigners , one of which being the President of France , currently François Hollande .
Treaty of Badajoz ( 1801 ) The Treaty of Badajoz ( also known as the Peace of Badajoz ) was signed in Badajoz on 6 June 1801 between John VI of Portugal and representatives from the Kingdom of Spain . Based on the terms of the accord , the Kingdom of Portugal agreed to cede Olivença ( along with paying an indemnity to Spain ) . Moreover , Portugal was required to close all ports to the British . On a sidenote , John VI was forced to sign the accord as a result of the Spanish army ( along with a French auxiliary corps ) having been dispatched across the Portuguese frontier . The treaty was reinforced and slightly altered during a special convention ( i . e . Treaty of Madrid ) that was held on 29 September 1801 whereby Portugal was forced to pay France a total of 20 million francs .
Toussaint Rouge Toussaint Rouge ( , also known as Toussaint Sanglant ) is the name given to the series of attacks that took place on 1 November 1954 on the Catholic festival of All Saints ' Day in French Algeria . It is usually taken as the starting date for the Algerian War which lasted until 1962 and led to Algerian Independence from France . Toussaint Rouge Attacks . Between midnight and 2 am on the morning of All Saint ' s Day , 30 individual attacks were made by FLN militants against police and military targets around French Algeria . Seven people were killed in the attack ; all except two were white French colonists . Reaction in Paris . After hearing of the attacks , François Mitterrand , future President of France - then Minister of the Interior , despatched two companies ( 600 - men ) of the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité ( CRS ) to Algeria . A total of three companies of paratroopers were also arrived between the 1st and 2 November . On 12 November 1954 , Pierre Mendès France , President of the French Council of Ministers declared that the attacks would not be tolerated in a speech to the National Assembly . The Mendès France government increased the number of soldiers in Algeria from 56 , 000 to 83 , 000 men to deal with the situation in the Aurès mountains - the " main bastion of the insurrection , " though the sending of the conscripts to Algeria did not occur until one year later after the " " Journée des tomates " " ( lit : " Day of Tomatoes " ) on 6 February 1956 under the Mollet government . Public reaction . The political reaction notwithstanding , the " Toussaint Rouge " attacks did not receive much coverage in the French media . The French daily newspaper Le Monde ran less that two short columns on the front page .
Song Xilian Song Xilian ( 宋希濂 ) ( April 9 , 1907 － February 13 , 1993 ) was a KMT general from Hunan . He was last in charge to moving remaining KMT troops to Xichang ( Hsi - Kang ) , Sichuan Province . He was captured and tried as an enemy of people and was finally released in the 1980s . He spent his remaining years in retirement in the United States and wrote about his military years and affiliation with Huangpu Academy .
Lockheed Martin F - 117 Nighthawk The F - 117A Nighthawk of the United States Air Force is the first plane in the world with stealth technology at low altitude . It is the direct descendant of the program prototipal Have Blue . Nicknames . Prior to his baptism with the official name , the engineers and test pilots referred to this plane , which would be hidden from daylight to avoid the satellites Soviets , As " Cockroach " , sometimes also used . Another widely used nickname is " " Wobblin ' Goblin " " due to the instability of the plane at lower speeds , especially during Aerial refueling . History . The approval for the production of the F - 117A was issued in 1978 with a contract awarded to " Lockheed Advanced Development Projects " in Burbank , California . As a project of high secrecy . The first flight was conducted in 1981 , only 31 months after the decision to mass production . The first F - 117A came out in 1982 and its operational capacity established in October 1983 . The last plane was delivered in Summe of 1990 . The U . S . Air Force denied its existence until 1988 and , April 1990 , an example was exhibited in public Nellis Air Force Base , in Nevada , attracting tens of thousands of spectators . Combat History . The F - 117 has been used several times in modern warfare . Its first real mission was to Panama , in Operation Just Cause . In 1989 . During the invasion , the F - 117 dropped two bombs on the base Rio Hato . Later , during the Gulf War , Dropped smart bombs on targets in Iraq . Has been used since then in Kosovo War in 1999 . In Afghanistan and the Operation Iraq Freedom .
163rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps 163rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps ( 163 RAC ) was a short - lived armoured regiment of the British Army ' s Royal Armoured Corps serving in India during World War II . Origin . 163 RAC was formed by the conversion to the armoured role of 13th Battalion Sherwood Foresters on 30 July 1942 , the day after it arrived in India . In common with other infantry battalions transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps , the personnel of 163 RAC would have continued to wear their Foresters cap badge on the black beret of the RAC . Service . 163 RAC was stationed at Rawalpindi under command of 267 Indian Armoured Brigade . However , there was a change of policy , and on 1 December 1944 ( also reported as 1 December 1943 ) the regiment was re - converted to infantry , reverting to its previous title of 13th Foresters and coming under command of 67 Indian Training Brigade .