naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William Ephraim Smith William Ephraim Smith ( March 14 , 1829 – March 11 , 1890 ) was a planter , lawyer , and politician from Georgia . Biography . He was born in Augusta , Richmond County , Georgia . In 1846 , he was admitted to the Georgia bar , which required a special act of the Georgia legislature due to his youth . He worked as a planter and practiced law in Albany , Dougherty County , Georgia , for most of the period 1846 – 1858 . In 1853 , he was an ordinary of Dougherty County . In 1858 , Smith became the solicitor general of Georgia ' s southwest circuit , a post he held until 1860 . The following year , the American Civil War broke out , and Smith enlisted in the Fourth Georgia Volunteer Infantry of the Confederate States Army as a lieutenant . He became a captain in April 1862 . In 1863 , he was elected as a representative to the Second Confederate Congress . His term as representative was cut short by the defeat of the Confederacy . In 1874 , Smith was offered and declined the office of circuit judge of Georgia ; that same year , he was also elected as a representative to the United States Congress . He served as a representative from March 4 , 1875 through March 4 , 1881 . After leaving office , Smith resumed the practice of law . In 1886 , Smith began a term as state senator and was also President of the Georgia Democratic Convention . Smith left office in 1888 and died two years later in Albany .
5 cm KwK 38 The 5 cm KwK 38 L / 42 " ( 5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 38 L / 42 ) " was a German 5 cm cannon used as the main armament of variants of the German SdKfz . 141 Panzerkampfwagen III medium tank . It was used in vehicles that saw action in the Second World War . There were no towed anti - tank gun for this variant .
No . 254 Squadron RAF No 254 Squadron was formed in May 1918 from Nos . 492 , 517 and 518 Flights at the coastal reconnaissance station at Prawle Point and flew anti - submarine patrols until the end of the war , disbanding on 22 February 1919 . On 30 October 1939 , No . 254 reformed at Stradishall as a shipping protection squadron . Equipped with Blenheims it began convoy patrols over coastal shipping off the East Coast on 29 January 1940 , being transferred from fighter to Coastal Command . In April 1940 , it began reconnaissance missions in addition to its defensive tasks and later provided fighter escorts for anti - shipping raids . In May 1941 , the squadron moved to Northern Ireland returning to Scotland in December where it converted to Beaufighters in June 1942 . Torpedo training began in August and in November , No . 254 joined the strike wing at North Coates for the rest of the war and in January 1946 , received a Buckmaster for conversion training in preparation for the arrival of Brigands . These were not taken into service by Coastal Command strike squadrons and No . 254 retained Beaufighters until renumbered 42 Squadron on 1 October 1946 . No . 254 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was reformed in 1959 as one of 20 Strategic Missile ( SM ) squadrons associated with Project Emily . The squadron was equipped with three Thor Intermediate range ballistic missile s . and based at RAF Melton Mowbray . In October 1962 , during the Cuban missile crisis , the squadron was kept at full readiness , with the missiles aimed at strategic targets in the USSR . The squadron was disbanded with the termination of the Thor Program in Britain , in 1963 .
Uma - jirushi ] While these standards took many forms , they all fall into two broad categories : the " ō - uma - jirushi " and the " ko - uma - jirushi " , the great standard and the lesser standard respectively . Poorer " daimyo " had just one , the lesser standard , while wealthier " daimyo " had both . In 1645 , the Tokugawa shogunate formalized this , allowing " daimyo " with an income above 1300 " koku " to have a " ko - uma - jirushi " , and " daimyo " earning more than 6000 " koku " to have an " ō - uma - jirushi " as well . The " ō - uma - jirushi " was the nucleus of action on the battlefield , and while it aided the organization and morale of friendly troops , it also attracted the attention of enemy warriors . The carrier of the " uma - jirushi " , therefore , was arguably the most dangerous position to be in on the field . The " ō - uma - jirushi " was sometimes held in a leather bucket attached to the carrier ' s belt ; the especially large ones would often be securely strapped into a carrying frame on the warrior ' s back . The carrier was provided with ropes to steady the standard in the wind , or while running . In 1650 , a monk called Kyūan completed a text called " O Uma Jirushi " , a comprehensive illustrated survey of the heraldry of his time . This text describes the heraldry of most , if not all , of the major samurai families of the battles of the Sengoku period . The text still survives today , and remains one of the chief sources of heraldic information available today on this period in Japan .
Dennis Donnini Dennis Donnini VC ( 17 November 1925 – 18 January 1945 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Dennis Donnini was born to Italian - born Alfred Donnini and his English wife Catherine ( née Brown ) , on 17 November 1925 in Easington . His father owned an ice cream parlour in Easington and attended Corby Grammar School in Sunderland , now known as St . Aidans School . Details . Donnini was 19 years old , and a fusilier in the 4 / 5th Battalion , The Royal Scots Fusiliers , British Army during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 18 January 1945 during Operation Blackcock , Fusilier Donnini ' s platoon was ordered to attack the small village of Stein in Selfkant Germany , close to the Dutch border . On leaving their trench they immediately came under heavy fire from a house and the fusilier was hit in the head . After recovering consciousness he charged 30 yards down the open road and hurled a grenade through the nearest window , whereupon the enemy fled pursued by Fusilier Donnini and the survivors of his platoon . He was wounded a second time , but continued firing his Bren gun until he was killed after the grenade he was carrying , was hit by a bullet and exploded . His gallantry had enabled his comrades to overcome twice their own number of the enemy . Donnini at 19 was the youngest soldier in World War II to be awarded the VC He is buried at the Commonwealth Cemetery in Sittard , The Netherlands
Minni Minnawi Suliman Arcua Minnawi , known as " Minni Minnawi " ( born 1968 in Furawiyya , North Darfur ) , was the leader of the largest faction of the Sudanese Liberation Army until South Sudan seceded . A former educator , Minnawi was the Secretary of Sudan Liberation Army leader , Abdul Wahid Nur , before the organization split in 2004 . Minnawi belongs to the Zaghawa ethnic group , the Ila Digen ( or Awlad Digayn ) clan of the non - Arab , Saharan Zaghawa people . Minnawi signed a treaty , known as the Darfur Peace Agreement , with the Khartoum government in May 2006 . Nevertheless , in July 2006 , fighting broke out around the North Darfur town of Korma , resulting in the deaths of at least 80 people . In the same year , Minnawi was appointed the top Sudanese official in the Darfur region , as chairman of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority , and was technically the fourth ranking member of the Presidency , as Senior Assistant to the President of the Republic . On September 14 , 2006 , in defiance of Khartoum ' s opposition , Minnawi supported the new UN peacekeeping force detailed in UNSC Resolution 1706 , which was designed to protect the Sudanese people . Minnawi opposed the Sudan government ' s genocidal agenda , which was exercised by Bashir against the Zaghawa , and other Black African citizens , for which crimes Bashir was later indicted by the International Criminal Court ( ICC ) . In December 2010 , the Sudan Liberation Movement withdrew from the Darfur Peace Agreement . Minnawi resigned as Senior Assistant to the President of Sudan and as Chairperson of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority , to merge his faction , SLM / MM , with the other resistance defense forces in Darfur , including SLM / AW , Abdul Wahid , in resisting attacks by the Sudanese Armed Forces , and its militia , on citizens in rebel - held areas .
Jay Williams ( Medal of Honor ) Jay P . Williams ( September 23 , 1872 - July 4 , 1938 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Boxer Rebellion . He received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Williams was born September 23 , 1872 in Orland , Indiana , and after entering the navy he was sent as an Coxswain to China to fight in the Boxer Rebellion . He died July 4 , 1938 and is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery Norwalk , Ohio . His grave can be found in section 8 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coxswain , U . S . Navy . Born : 23 September 1872 , Orland , Ind . Accredited to : Ohio . G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation : In action with the relief expedition of the Allied forces in China , 13 , 20 , 21 and 22 June 1900 . During this period and in the presence of the enemy , Williams distinguished himself by meritorious conduct .
HMS Artful ( P456 ) HMS " Artful " ( P456 ) , was an of the Royal Navy , built by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Greenock and launched 22 May 1944 . In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . In 1955 she was the first of her class to be rebuilt and streamlined . In 1966 she completed a refit and recommissioned for service with the Home Fleet . In 1967 she undertook a Home Fleet Squadron tour to the West Indies and later that year attended Portsmouth Navy Days
Gaspard I de Coligny Gaspard I de Coligny , Count of Coligny , seigneur de Châtillon ( 1465 / 1470 – 1522 ) , known as the Marshal of Châtillon , was a French soldier . He was born in Châtillon - Coligny , the second son of Jean III de Coligny and Eleanor de Courcelles . He served in the Italian Wars from 1495 to 1515 and was created Marshal of France in 1516 . He died in Dax . By his wife , Louise de Montmorency , sister of the future constable , he had three sons : Odet , Cardinal de Châtillon ; Gaspard , the Admiral ; and François , Seigneur d ' Andelot . All three played an important part in the first period of the French Wars of Religion .
Battle of Bielsa pocket The Battle of Bielsa pocket took place between 14 April and the 15 June 1938 , during the Spanish Civil War . After the fall of the Aragon front a republican division , on April 1938 , was surrounded by the Nationalists in the Cinca River Valley . The division heavily outnumbered managed to hold until July 6 and then crossed the French frontier . Background . After the battle of Teruel , the Nationalists led by the general Fidel Dávila , launched an offensive in the Aragon front on March 1938 . The Nationalists broke the Republican lines , pursued them and by April the Nationalist reached the Mediterranean sea at Vinaroz and the river Segre , occupying Aragon . One republican division was isolated by the Nationalist advance in the valley of the Alto Cinca river , near the French Frontier . By the end of March , the 43rd division of the Republican Army , led by Antonio Beltran , nicknamed " El Esquinazado " ( The Dodger ) , was surrounded by the Nationalist troops in the Cinca river Valley . The bielsa pocket . The 43rd division had around 7 , 000 men with four guns and no air cover . In this front the Nationalists concentrated a force of 14 , 000 men with 30 guns and overwhelming air power . Virtually isolated , without ammunition reserves , and outnumbered the Republican troops managed to halt the Nationalist attacks due the difficult terrain , the bad weather and the dogged resistance of the troops , but by the end of May became clear that a further resistance was impossible . The Republican troops evacuated to France 4 , 000 civilians and then , retreated slowly across the French frontier . On July 6 the town of Bielsa fell and on July 16 all the Republican troops croosed into France . Aftermath . This battle had no military importance , but the resistance of the Esquinazau division , after the disaster of the Aragon retreat , was a morale boost for the Republicans . Furthermore , the French government allowed the republican soldiers to choose between returning to the Republican held territory or the Nationalist held territory . 411 soldiers and five nurses chose the Nationalist held territory , more than 6 , 000 the Republican held territory .
Siege of Groningen The Siege of Groningen was a battle that took place in 1672 during the Franco - Dutch war . It was a Dutch victory that ended all hope of the Bishop of Münster to push deeper into the Netherlands . The Münster army was so weakened by the defeat that the Dutch army successfully reconquered much of the land that Münster had conquered just weeks earlier . Every year , the city of Groningen celebrates its victory as a local holiday on August 28 .
AGAI 67 Army General Administrative Instruction 67 ( AGAI 67 ) is a British Army administrative disciplinary procedure . It has come under criticism in a report to the Defence Select Committee which described it as being unfairly weighted in the favour of the chain of command , and lacking transparency or accountability .
Emile Deleau , Jr . Emile Deleau , Jr . ( June 28 , 1923 – February 2 , 1945 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for actions in France during World War II . He joined the Army from Blaine , Ohio in September 1943 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Army , Company A , 142d Infantry , 36th Infantry Division . Place and date : Oberhoffen , France , 1 - February 2 , 1945 . Entered service at : Blaine , Ohio . Birth : Lansing , Ohio . G . O . No . : 60 , July 25 , 1945 . Citation : He led a squad in the night attack on Oberhoffen , France , where fierce house - to - house fighting took place . After clearing 1 building of opposition , he moved his men toward a second house from which heavy machine - gun fire came . He courageously exposed himself to hostile bullets and , firing his submachinegun as he went , advanced steadily toward the enemy position until close enough to hurl grenades through a window , killing 3 Germans and wrecking their gun . His progress was stopped by heavy rifle and machinegun fire from another house . Sgt . Deleau dashed through the door with his gun blazing . Within , he captured 10 Germans . The squad then took up a position for the night and awaited daylight to resume the attack . At dawn of 2 February Sgt . Deleau pressed forward with his unit , killing 2 snipers as he advanced to a point where machinegun fire from a house barred the way . Despite vicious small - arms fire , Sgt . Deleau ran across an open area to reach the rear of the building , where he destroyed 1 machinegun and killed its 2 operators with a grenade . He worked to the front of the structure and located a second machinegun . Finding it impossible to toss a grenade into the house from his protected position , he fearlessly moved away from the building and was about to hurl his explosive when he was instantly killed by a burst from the gun he sought to knock out . With magnificent courage and daring aggressiveness , Sgt . Deleau cleared 4 well - defended houses of Germans , inflicted severe losses on the enemy and at the sacrifice of his own life aided his battalion to reach its objective with a minimum of casualties .
9th ( Wellington East Coast ) Mounted Rifles The 9th ( Wellington East Coast ) Mounted Rifles was formed on March 17 , 1911 . They were mobilised during World War I as a squadron of the Wellington Mounted Rifle Regiment . They served in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I and first saw action during the Battle of Gallipoli . As a part of the larger New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade ( of the ANZAC Mounted Division ) they went on to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . Between the Wars . In 1921 they became the 7th New Zealand Mounted Rifles ( Wellington East Coast ) and later still became the Wellington East Coast Mounted Rifles , which was later was absorbed into the 2nd Armoured Regiment , on the 29 March 1944 .
Postal clerk ( United States Navy ) Postal clerk ( abbreviated as PC ) is a United States Navy occupational rating . Postal clerks : Rating merger . Effective 1 October 2009 , the ratings of storekeeper ( SK ) and postal clerk ( PC ) have merged to become logistics specialist ( LS ) .
1st Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( African Descent ) The 1st Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry ( African Descent ) was an African - American infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The first six companies of the 1st Iowa Infantry ( African Descent ) was organized at Keokuk , Iowa and mustered into Federal forces on October 11 , 1863 . Four additional companies were added before the end of the year . The regiment served as part of the garrison of the Department of Arkansas for its entire existence . The regiment was redesignated on the 60th Infantry Regiment U . S . Colored Troops on March 11 , 1864 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1153 men served in the 1st Iowa ( African Descent ) at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 1 officer and 11 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 332 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 344 fatalities .
T14 Heavy Tank The Assault Tank T14 was a joint project between the United States and the United Kingdom . The T14 tank was supposed to be a design that was to be shared by both countries to give a heavy infantry tank for both countries . The pilot model was not produced by 1944 by which time the British Churchill tank had been in service for two years and greatly improved over its initial model . The T14 project never came to fruition . US efforts working on a similarly well armoured tank but with a higher speed for use other than in infantry support led to the T20 Medium Tank . Design and development . In 1941 , the head of the United States Ordnance Department traveled to Britain to learn of their experience , ideas and requirements for the future . Among the discussion was the possibility of designing a well - armed and armoured combat vehicle , one that was stronger than the British ( A22 ) " Churchill " infantry tank then in production . The tank design would have a British QF 6 - pounder ( 57 mm ) or a US 75 mm gun and share many parts with the M4 Sherman but with armouring ( at 101 mm thick ) twice that of the M4 . The British initially ordered 8 , 500 in 1942 following which detail design work started . Testing of the pilot model which was completed in 1944 showed the vehicle to be much too heavy for practical use . By this time , the British Army was satisfied with the Churchill and its cruiser tank designs and further production of the T14 was halted . Only two were built ; one tested in the US and the other sent to Britain . The example sent to Britain survives in the Bovington tank museum . The British had developed the Heavy Assault Tank A33 " Excelsior " design to the same specification as the T14 but this did not go into service either .
Admiral of the Navy ( United States ) Admiral of the Navy is a rank in the United States Navy that has only been held once in history , by George Dewey . In recognition of his victory at Manila Bay in 1898 , United States Congress authorized a single officer to hold the rank of admiral , and promoted Dewey to this rank in March 1899 . By a Congressional Act of March 24 , 1903 , Dewey ' s rank was established as Admiral of the Navy , effective retroactive to March 1899 . The text of the act read as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled , That the President is hereby authorized to appoint , by selection and promotion , an Admiral of the Navy , who shall not be placed upon the retired list except upon his own application ; and whenever such office shall be vacated by death or otherwise the office shall cease to exist . It was further specified that this rank was senior to the four - star rank of admiral and was equal to Admiral of the Fleet in the British Royal Navy . The rank lapsed with the death of Admiral Dewey on January 16 , 1917 . Comparison to Fleet Admiral . In 1944 , with the establishment of the rank of five - star Fleet Admiral , the Department of the Navy specified in a Bureau of Navigation memo that that " the rank of Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy shall be be considered the senior most rank of the United States Navy " . As George Dewey had been deceased for nearly thirty years , no comparison between his rank and that of Fleet Admiral was made until 1945 . At that time , during the preparations for the invasion of Japan , the possibility was raised of promoting one of the serving United States Fleet Admirals to " six star rank " should the Army take a similar measure by promoting Douglas MacArthur to the rank of General of the Armies . Nothing official was ever published by the Navy Department concerning a Navy six star admiral rank and no comparison between the Admiral of the Navy , General of the Armies , and Fleet Admiral rank was ever announced .
Roni Zuckerman Roni Zuckerman , the first female jet fighter pilot for the Israeli Air Force , received her wings in 2001 . Zuckerman is the granddaughter of Zivia Lubetkin and Icchak Cukierman ( also known as Yitzhak Zuckerman ) whose " nom de guerre " was " Antek " . Her grandparents were among the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising during World War II and among the 34 fighters who survived . They were founding members of " Lohamei Hageta ' ot " ( " the Ghetto Fighters ' kibbutz " ) , which was established near Haifa in the late 1940s by survivors of the ghettos , and it was there that Zuckerman was raised . Although women had served as pilots during the Israeli War of Independence and a few years thereafter , the Israeli Defence Forces had , until 1995 , denied women the opportunity to become pilots . After the prohibition was lifted , the first female graduate was F - 16 navigator " Shari " in 1998 , followed three years later by Zuckerman , the first female jet - fighter pilot in IAF history . Another Israeli woman who took the course at the same time as Lt Zuckerman , but failed to qualify , described to a reporter the training as " mentally and physically exhausting . " She stated , " I did 100 push - ups a day , which is difficult for a woman . Of the women on the course , only Roni qualified . "
Alfred Martin ( Indian Army officer ) Lieutenant - General Sir Alfred Robert Martin KCB ( 1853 - 1926 ) was a British officer in the Indian Army . Military career . Martin joined the 13th Regiment of Foot in 1874 . He transferred to Bengal Staff Corps in 1877 and took part in the Jowahi - Afreedees expedition in 1877 and fought at the Battle of Kandahar in September 1880 during the Second Anglo - Afghan War . He was commanding officer of 1st Battalion 5th Gurkha Rifles for the Miranzai expedition in 1891 and became Assistant Adjutant General , Punjab in 1892 . He then took part in various expeditions on the North West Frontier of India in the 1890s . He was appointed Assistant Adjutant General for the Tirah Campaign in 1897 and then became Deputy Adjutant General , India in 1899 . He went on to be a Brigade Commander in India in 1904 , Adjutant - General , India in 1906 and General Officer Commanding 2nd ( Rawalpindi ) Division in 1908 before retiring in September 1912 .
HMS Nassau ( 1785 ) HMS " Nassau " was a 64 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 28 September 1785 by Hilhouse in Bristol . During the Nore Mutiny she was commanded by Captain Edward O ' Bryen . She was converted for use as a troopship in 1797 . " Nassau " was wrecked in 1799 .