naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John Crimmin Colonel John Crimmin VC CB CIE VD ( 19 March 1859 , at Kilballyowen , Bruff , Co . Limerick – 20 February 1945 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He also served as the Hon . Physician to H . M . The King . Details . He was 29 years old , and a Surgeon in the Bombay Medical Service , Indian Army during the Karen - Ni Expedition , Burma when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 1 January 1889 , in the action near Lwekaw , Eastern Karenni , Burma ( now Myanmar ) , a lieutenant and four men charged into a large body of the enemy and two men were wounded . Surgeon John Crimmin attended one of them under enemy fire and he then joined the firing line and helped in driving the enemy from small clumps of trees where they had taken shelter . Later while Surgeon Crimmin was attending a wounded man several of the enemy rushed out at him . He thrust his sword through one of them , attacked a second and a third dropped from the fire of a sepoy . The remainder fled . He later achieved the rank of Colonel and served in the Indian Medical Service , for which was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire ( CIE ) in 1901 . He died at Woodward House , Wells , Somerset , 20 February 1945 . External links . city
Siege of Belgrade ( 1688 ) The Siege of Belgrade in 1688 was the fourth siege of that city , taking place during the Great Turkish War . Belgrade was at that time a part of the Ottoman Empire , and had been for 167 years . The Ottoman Empire was at war with the Holy League , the forces of which were led by the elector of Bavaria , Maximilian II Emanuel . The Austrians were also accompanied by many Serbian volunteers under the command of Jovan Monasterlija . Maximilian laid siege to the city on 30 July 1688 and subjected it to cannon fire for nearly a month . Upon refusal of his offer to accept the Turkish garrison ' s surrender , Maximilian ordered an assault on 6 September . At first the Imperial forces wavered , but Maximilian , accompanied by Prince Eugene of Savoy , rallied the forces and drove the garrison from the walls . Maximilian ' s forces lost 4 , 000 men in the assault , while the Turks lost 5 , 000 . They would hold the city for two years , until the Turks returned to besiege it in 1690 .
731st Airlift Squadron The 731st Airlift Squadron ( 731 AS ) is part of the 302d Airlift Wing at Peterson Air Force Base , Colorado . It operates C - 130 Hercules aircraft providing global airlift . History . Activated as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Completed training in early 1943 ; deploying to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England . Engaged in long - range strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , March 1944 - May 1945 attacking enemy military and industrial targets as part of the United States ' air offensive against Nazi Germany . Most personnel demobilized in Europe after the German capitulation in May 1945 ; squadron inactivated as a paper unit in November . Reactivated in 1947 as a B - 29 Superfortress squadron in the reserves , however equipped with trainers until 1949 when equipped with B - 26 Invader light bomber . Squadron activated in 1951 as a result of the Korean War ; personnel and equipment assigned as replacements to units of Far East Air Forces , then inactivated as a paper unit . Reactivated in 1952 with RB - 26 Invader photo - reconnaissance aircraft ; C - 46 Commando transports ; F - 51 Mustang s . and other second - line aircraft . In 1957 reassigned to Massachusetts and re - equipped with C - 119 Flying Boxcar s for tactical airlift . Activated during Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 ; returned to reserve status after crisis was resolved . In 1966 re - equipped with C - 124 Globemaster s for performing strategic airlift on a worldwide scale . Reassigned to various reserve wings ; flying C - 123 Provider s until inactivation in 1982 . Reactivated in Colorado in the reserves same date and equipped with C - 130 Hercules .
Georg Dragičević Georg Dragičević ( born " Đuro Dragičević " ; 7 November 1890 in Kalesija - 28 July 1980 in Vienna ) was a Croatian soldier who was a member of the army of Austria - Hungary , Royal Yugoslavia , and the Independent State of Croatia . He attending the Technical Military Academy at Mödling near Vienna and graduated from there as a Leutnant on 18 August 1911 with an assignment to Festungsartillerieregiment Kaiser Nr . 1 ( Fortress Artillery ) , then based in Vienna . At an early age , he joined the Imperial Army , and later served the empire in the First World War in Poland . During the war , on mobilisation in August 1914 , he was promoted to Oberleutnant and given command of a battery in the 106th Field Artillery Brigade equipped with obsolete 9 - centimetre field guns . For his service in the war , he was rewarded the Military Order of Maria Theresa . After the war , the empire collapsed and Dragičević travelled to the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes in his homeland and joined the Royal Yugoslav Army . Within the Yugoslavian army , he became second - in - command of the anti - aircraft unit . During World War II , Dragičević first served as the head of the Army Artillery service of the Croatian Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia . He was later assigned to the Croatian embassy in Berlin where he was in charge of weapons procurement for the nation . He survived the Battle of Berlin , but was later captured by the Red Army . Dragičević was held in prison camps for nine years , until 1954 , when he moved to Austria . He was awarded the Order of the Iron Crown Third Class with War Decoration and Swords , the Military Merit Cross Third Class with War Decoration and Swords , both the Silver ( with Swords ) and Bronze Military Merit Medals ( Signum Laudis ) and the Karl Troop Cross .
Obsolete military awards of the United States Obsolete military awards of the United States are United States military awards which have been officially removed from U . S . military award precedence charts and are listed as " Obsolete Military Decorations " in military award publications and instructions . Typically , the U . S . military will declare a decoration obsolete twenty to thirty years after its last issuance to an active duty member of the military or , in the case of medals designed for members of the reserve forces , a drilling reservist attending annual training . Medals for valor ( such as the Medal of Honor and Silver Star ) are rarely declared obsolete regardless of the amount of time which has passed since the last issuance . This is since such medals could be reinstated , on very short notice , in the event of an armed conflict in which the United States armed forces would be called to service . Although United States service medals of the World Wars have also been declared obsolete by the U . S . military , many may still be found in various charts , publications , and instructions . This is since a large number of veterans still display such medals as retirement awards or through functions and ceremonies with various veteran groups such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the American Legion . The following decorations have been declared obsolete with most such decorations indicating service in military operations prior to 1935 .
Soviet submarine M - 256 M - 256 was a Project 615 ( NATO : " Quebec - class " ) short - range , diesel attack submarine of the Soviet Navy . She was commissioned into the Baltic Fleet . Design . Project 615 submarines were fitted with two regular diesel engines and a third , closed - cycle diesel engine , which used liquid oxygen ( LOX ) to provide air - independent propulsion while the submarine was submerged . This system produced remarkable submerged speed and range , and greatly increased the hazard of a fire . Project 615 submarines were referred to by their crews as " cigarette lighters . " Sinking . On 26 September 1957 , while operating in gale conditions in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea , one of " M - 256 " ’ s diesel engines exploded . Fire immediately engulfed the diesel compartment , and soon spread to the next compartment . The boat surfaced and because of the likelihood of further explosions her crew evacuated onto her weather deck . None of the four ships keeping station nearby were able to take her under tow or evacuate her crew because of the gale conditions . About four hours after the beginning of the fire the boat suddenly lost longitudinal stability , took on a steep down - bubble , and sank . Of the 35 men on the boat ' s deck , only seven were rescued .
Richard E . Webber Major General Richard E . Webber was the first commander of the United States Air Force ' s 24th Air Force , which is focused on cyberspace operations . The 24th Air Force is located in San Antonio , Texas and stood up in place of the originally proposed larger Major Command organization , Air Force Cyber Command . He graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1975 and has worked in the space and missile career field . He is currently Assistant Deputy Chief for Air , Space and Information Operations , Plans and Requirements , Headquarters U . S . Air Force , Washington , D . C .
Salk Salk , ( ) is a small military unit led by a senior soldier that is subordinate to an infantry squad . " Salk " is bigger than a lahingpaar ( " fire and maneuver team " ) but smaller than a jagu ( " squad " ) . It is also one of the smallest military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units . Leadership . It usually consists of three to five soldier s , and may be further subdivided into fire and maneuver team s . A " salk " is composed of two fire and maneuver teams of two soldiers each , as well as a fireteam leader ( " salgapealik " ) who is usually a corporal ( " kapral " ) . Organization . One single " salk " is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other " salk ' s " on a landscale not greater than 50 x 100 metres . There are no logistical support elements in the structure of a " jagu " . Other military uses . In the Canadian Army ' fireteam ' refers to two soldiers paired for fire and movement . Two fireteams form an ' assault group ' and two assault groups form a section of eight soldiers . Many other armed forces see the squad as the smallest military unit ; some countries ' armies have a pair consisting of two soldiers as the smallest military unit . In others a fireteam is composed of two pairs of soldiers ( fire and maneuver team ) forming a fireteam .
Dmitry Yazov Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov ( ; born November 8 , 1924 ) was the last Marshal of the Soviet Union to be appointed before the collapse of the Soviet Union ( on April 28 , 1990 ) . He was the only Marshal of the Soviet Union to be born in Siberia . A veteran of the Great Patriotic War , Yazov is currently one of two living Marshals as of 2013 ( the other being Vasily Ivanovich Petrov ) , and the only one not to have been awarded Hero of the Soviet Union . In 1979 – 1980 , Yazov was commander of the Central Group of Forces in Czechoslovakia . He was commanding the Far East Military District in the northern summer of 1986 , when , according to " Time magazine " magazine , he made a favourable impression on General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev , which led to later promotions . He held the post of Soviet Defence Minister from May 1987 . In 1987 – 1990 , Yazov was a candidate for membership in Politburo . Yazov was responsible for deployment of Russian OMON commando units to Latvia and Lithuania in early 1991 . During the August Coup of 1991 , Yazov was a member of the State Emergency Committee , for which he was purged from his post by Gorbachev . During the Yeltsin period Yazov was prosecuted and acquitted in 1994 . Yazov spent 18 months in Matrosskaya Tishina . According to the magazine " Vlast " ' No . 41 ( 85 ) of 14 October 1991 " . . . from the prison contacted the President with a recorded video message , where repented and called himself " an old fool " " . Yazov denies ever doing so . He did accept the amnesty offered by Yeltsin , stating that he was not guilty . He was dismissed from the military service by Presidential Order and awarded a ceremonial weapon . He was awarded an order of Honor by the President of Russian Federation . Yazov later worked as a military adviser at the General Staff Academy . Despite his selection by Gorbachev for the Defence Minister ' s position , William Odom , in his book " The Collapse of the Soviet Military " , repeats Alexander Yakovlev ' s description of Yazov as a " mediocre officer " , " fit to command a division but nothing higher " . Odom suggests Gorbachev was only looking for " careerists who would follow orders , any orders " . In popular culture . Yazov appears in Tom Clancy ' s Cold War espionage thriller The Cardinal of the Kremlin in his capacity as Defence Minister and the superior of the titular spy Colonel Filitov . Honours and awards . Foreign awards : Religious award :
USS Pocomoke ( SP - 571 ) The first USS " Pocomoke " ( SP - 571 ) , later USS " SP - 571 " , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Pocomoke " was built as a civilian freight boat of the same name by Brewster Brothers at Baltimore , Maryland . The U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , the Fish Commission of the Commonwealth of Virginia , in 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel . She was commissioned on 24 April 1917 as USS " Pocomoke " ( SP - 571 ) . " Pocomoke " operated on section patrol duty for the rest of World War I . The Navy returned " Pocomoke " to the Fish Commission on 22 October 1918 . " Pocomoke " should not be confused with USS " Pocomoke " ( SP - 265 ) , a minesweeper also in commission during World War I .
Richard Seuss Richard Seuss ( 28 August 1897 – 26 September 1963 ) was an " Oberleutnant " of the Reserves with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross with Oak Leaves . Richard Seuss had served with the artillery in World War I and called up when war broke out in 1939 as " Leutnant der Reserve " . In January 1941 he transferred to the Kriegsmarine ' s coastal artillery and became chief of the naval artillery battery " Île de Cézembre " at Saint - Malo on 23 August 1942 . The battle for the French harbour city Saint - Malo started after the Allied invasion at Normandy . Fortress commander was " Oberst " Andreas von Aulock and harbour commander was " Kapitän zur See " Werner Endell . The VIII US Army Corps under the command of Major General Troy H . Middleton reached St Malo on 3 August 1944 and by 5 August the city was encircled . " Oberleutnant " Seuss and his artillery battery engaged the US forces , inflicting substantial losses . Richard Seuss was awarded the Knight ' s Cross for these actions and was taken prisoner of war on 2 September 1944 followed by the Oak Leaves on 2 September 1944 .
617th Bombardment Squadron The 617th Bombardment Squadron was activated in 1943 as one of the four squadrons of the 477th Bombardment Group , the first ( and only ) bombardment group in the United States Army Air Forces to included black pilots . Members of the squadron participated in the Freeman Field Mutiny , protesting racial segregation in the military . The squadron was inactivated in 1945 after the 477th became a composite group that included bombardment and fighter squadrons . History . The 617th Bombardment Squadron was activated in June 1943 at MacDill Field , Florida . as one of the four original squadrons of the 477th Bombardment Group , but was inactivated in August . The 477th group was reactivated in January 1944 at Selfridge Field , Michigan as the " first colored bombardment group in the Army Air Forces " with personnel drawn from Selfridge and from Tuskegee Army Air Field , Alabama . The group moved to Godman Field , Kentucky , just after 617th was activated in April . The unit encountered problems attributed to the lack of experienced personnel , which required even basic training in military occupational specialties to be conducted within the unit , rather than at technical training schools . Although designated a " colored " squadron , some officers , including the squadron leadership were white . The initial commander of the 477th group enforced racial segregation on the posts where the squadron was stationed . The squadron ' s members were involved in the civil rights action referred to as the Freeman Field Mutiny ; the " mutiny " came about when African - American aviators became outraged enough by racial segregation in the military that they resorted to mass insistence that military regulations prohibiting discrimination be enforced . The Freeman Field Mutiny was a crucial event in the African - American struggle for equal civil rights . In 1945 after the 477th became a composite group formed of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 617th Bombardment Squadron . and Colonel Benjamin O . Davis , Jr . , a black officer , assumed command of the group . The squadron was inactivated in 1947 when the 477th was replaced by the 332d Fighter Group .
USS R - 17 ( SS - 94 ) USS " R - 17 " ( SS - 94 ) was an " R " - class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco , California , on 5 May 1917 . She was launched on 24 December 1917 sponsored by Miss Bertha F . Dew , and commissioned on 17 August 1918 with Lieutenant Commander William R . Munroe in command . Service history . 1919 – 1931 . Commissioned toward the end of World War I , " R - 17 " operated briefly off the California coast , then patrolled off the Panama Canal Zone , returning to California in December 1918 . In March 1919 , she arrived at San Francisco , California , for overhaul , after which she moved west to Pearl Harbor . Departing the West Coast 17 June , she arrived in Hawaii on 25 June and for the next 11½ years operated with fleet units and tested equipment being developed for submarines . The submarine , given hull classification symbol SS - 94 in July 1920 , departed Pearl Harbor 12 December 1930 , called at San Diego , California , thence continued on to the East Coast for inactivation . Arriving at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 9 February 1931 , she was decommissioned 15 May and berthed at League Island until after the outbreak of World War II in Europe . 1941 – 1946 . Recommissioned at New London , 25 March 1941 , " R - 17 " headed south on 14 May , patrolled in the Virgin Islands during June ; off the Canal Zone in July , August , and September ; then , in October , returned to New London . For the next four months she conducted training exercises . On 9 March 1942 , she was decommissioned and transferred to the United Kingdom under the lend - lease agreement . Commissioned in the Royal Navy as , she was employed at Bermuda as a training ship for the Royal Canadian Navy until 6 September 1944 when she was returned to the U . S . Navy at Philadelphia . Retained for use as a target ship until after the end of the war in Europe , " R - 17 " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 June 1945 . She was sold , 16 November 1945 , to the North American Smelting Company in Philadelphia , for scrapping .
Stanisław Taczak Stanisław Taczak ( born 8 April 1874 in Mieszków ( now in Jarocin County ) ; d . 2 March 1960 in Malbork , Poland ) was a Polish general . Until 8 January 1919 , he was temporary commander - in - chief of the Great Poland Uprising ( 1918 - 1919 ) . After the Invasion of Poland in 1939 , he was imprisoned in the Oflag VII - A Murnau POW camp in Germany .
Tactical victory A tactical victory may refer to a victory that results in the completion of a tactical objective as part of an operation or a victory where the losses of the defeated outweigh those of the victor . Concepts . Large scale planning of goals may be called " strategy " and are conducted at the " strategic level of war " . Operations at a lower level which fulfil the strategic planning are conducted at the " operational level of war " . The lowest level of planning which fulfills operational goals and strategy is called the " tactical level of war " . Based on planning . A tactical mission is one within the operational area which aims to complete the goals of the assigned mission or task given by " tactical control " and so a tactical victory would be the successful completion of that mission . Tactical missions contribute to the success or failure of the whole operation . " Tactics " include the handling of assets such as soldier s , vehicles , weapon s , and munition s and tactics might be as simple as the combat maneuvering of an individual soldier in a skirmish with an enemy soldier . The definition of tactical victory may become blurred in large scale tactical maneuvering of troops in division - sized formations or the operational goals of company - sized units to exercise control of important positions as these contribute in different ways to the success or failure of operations and strategy . Nations may have differing strategic objectives for a conflict and their individual combat units may be made to believe in still different objectives . Survival , on an individual or unit level , may become an important objective in battle and these different objectives allow both sides to maintain morale by declarations of victory to justify the costs of combat . Many battles involving multiple units include elements of tactical success by both of the opposing forces . These individual tactical victories may not cause the force to be successful in that battle or in the larger goals of the conflict . Based on losses . Here the term is applied to a simple tally of the numbers of losses of each side . This may be complicated by the " weight " attached to certain assets lost . An example of a naval tactical victory dependent on losses would be the Battle of the Coral Sea . The battle was considered a strategic victory for the Allies because they stopped a Japanese invasion but the latter lost less valuable ships . The Allies lost one aircraft carrier , one destroyer and one oil tanker while the Japanese lost one light carrier and one destroyer and so it was considered a tactical victory for the latter .
Friedrich Wilhelm Levi Friedrich Wilhelm Daniel Levi ( February 6 , 1888 – January 1 , 1966 ) was a German mathematician known for his work in abstract algebra . He also worked in geometry , topology , set theory , and analysis . Levi was born to Georg Levi and Emma Blum in Mulhouse in Alsace - Lorraine , then part of the German Empire . He received his Ph . D . in 1911 under Heinrich Martin Weber at the University of Strasbourg . He served his mandatory military service in the German Army in 1906 – 1907 , and was called up again serving in the artillery during World War I , 1914 – 18 . Awarded the Iron Cross , he was discharged as a lieutenant . In 1917 , he married Barbara Fitting , with whom he eventually had three children ( Paul Levi ( Framer ) , Charlotte , Suzanne ) . He taught at the University of Leipzig between 1920 and 1935 , when the Nazi government fired him because of his Jewish ancestry . In 1935 he accepted an offer as head of the Mathematics Department at the University of Calcutta . His mother and a sister remained in Germany and died in the Holocaust . In 1948 , Levi became professor of mathematics at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai , India . In 1952 , he returned to Germany and was a professor at the Free University of Berlin and later University of Freiburg . He died in Freiburg .