naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Buckden Towers Buckden Towers , formerly known as Buckden Palace , is a 12th - century fortified manor house , located on High Street , Buckden , Cambridgeshire , England . History . Although it is often stated as being built in the 15th century , the first ( wooden ) Palace was actually built in the late 12th century , when records show it as being used to house the Bishops of Lincoln . Subsequently the wooden structure was replaced by more substantial buildings and a tall brick tower was added in 1475 , protected by walls and a moat , and surrounded by an outer bailey . Parts of the complex were demolished in 1832 on the orders of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners . The Victorian House now present on the site was built in 1872 . The Claretian Missionaries were given the site by the RC Bishop of Northampton in 1956 . Initially it was used a Junior Seminary carrying out the preliminary training of 11 to 18 year olds aspiring to becomer Claretian Missionary priests or brothers . The Junior Seminary closed in July 1965 . Since then the Towers complex has been developed by the Claretians as a Retreat and Conference Centre . Also located on the site is the Catholic Parish Church of St . Hugh of Lincoln , which stands on the site of the great chamber of the medieval palace and was originally built as the chapel for the Junior Seminary . The grounds , but not the buildings , of the Towers are open to visitors at all reasonable times but dogs are not permitted . It is a scheduled monument and a Grade I listed building . Little now remains of the bishops ' moated palace except the great tower , the inner gatehouse , part of the battlemented wall , which used to surround the inner court within the moat , and the outer gate and wall . On 16 July 1551 , Henry , Duke of Suffolk and his brother Lord Charles died here from the sweating sickness . They had come to Buckden to avoid the sickness at Cambridge . In the 1630s Bishop Williams held state at Buckden , entertaining his neighbours with lavish displays of hospitality . The antiquary Edward John Rudge published a history , " Illustrated and Historical Account of Buckden Palace , " in 1839 .
Pierre Antoine Anselme Malet Comte Pierre Antoine Anselme Jean Laurent Malet ( 9 January 1778 – 9 August 1815 ) was a maréchal de camp , and général de brigade . He commanded the 3e régiment de chasseurs à pied ( Middle Guard ) at Waterloo ; mortally wounded in this battle by a bullet in the left shoulder , he died of his wounds in the field - hospital at Charleroi .
Battle of Summa The Battle of Summa was fought between the Soviet Union and Finland , in two phases , first in December 1939 and then in February 1940 . It was part of the Winter War and was fought near the village of Summa ( now Soldatskoye ) along the main road leading from Leningrad to Viipuri . First battle in December . The village of Summa was a gateway to the city of Viipuri . The Finns had built 41 reinforced concrete bunkers in the Summa area , and the defense line was stronger than elsewhere in the Karelian Isthmus . However , the Finns had made mistakes in planning and nearby Munasuo swamp , east of Summa , had a kilometer wide gap in the line . At least 20 tanks drove through the line in the first day of battle , but the Soviets did not have proper co - operation between branches of service ; tanks , artillery and troops fought their own battles . The Finns stood still in trenches and allowed the Soviet tanks to move behind the defense line on 19 December , as they did not have proper anti - tank weapons . After that the Finns repelled the Soviet main troops . Deserted tanks behind the line attacked randomly against strongpoints , but after over twenty tanks were eliminated their threat was over . The Finns won the battle on 22 December . Second battle in February . As the Soviets found it too difficult to breach the line at the Summa sector , they attacked 10 km to the east in a sector known as Lähde . If they broke through there then they could encircle the Finns holding the Summa position . Timoschenko knew he could beat the Finns in a battle of attrition . His plan was to wear them down and go for an intense final attack . First large probing actions were launched against the Finnish lines . For over ten days the line held every position . On 11 February , the Soviets began their major assault . On 12 February , a minor breach in the Finnish lines in the Lähde sector led to disaster . By that time , so many breaches had occurred in the Mannerheim Line that the reports concerning them were virtually disregarded . The following morning , a Finnish counter - attack was supposed to be launched by the entire 5th Division , the only reserve in easy reach of the front - line , but only one of the three regiments was available as the other two regiments had to be parceled out elsewhere . Only two Finnish battalions launched a counter - attack against two well supplied Soviet regiments that were equipped with armor and artillery . The attack was thrown back with heavy Finnish casualties . The Russians made efforts to exploit this salient . One tank regiment proceeded as far as the Lähde road junction but then halted . Although complete victory was in their grasp , the Russians stopped their armoured spearhead . Many Finnish companies were reduced to half their original strength . One company had lost 86 out 110 men . Over - night from the 14th to the 15th , the Finns began withdrawing from the Summa position . On the morning of the 15th the Russians attacked an empty position at Summa with more than 100 tanks and two divisions . That afternoon , Mannerheim ordered a general retreat to the Intermediate Line .
Siege of Tarragona ( 1811 ) In the Siege of Tarragona from 5 May to 29 June 1811 , Louis Gabriel Suchet ' s French Army of Aragon laid siege to a Spanish garrison led by Lieutenant General Juan Senen de Contreras . A British naval squadron commanded by Admiral Edward Codrington harassed the French besiegers with cannon fire and transported large numbers of reinforcements into the city by sea . Nevertheless , Suchet ' s troops stormed into the defenses and killed or captured almost all the defenders . The action took place at the port of Tarragona on the east coast of Spain during the Peninsular War , part of the Napoleonic Wars . Emperor Napoleon offered Suchet a marshal ' s baton if he could capture Tarragona , so the French general pursued his goal vigorously . He methodically overran the city ' s outer works as he drove his siege parallels forward . The French general easily fended off weak attempts to relieve the city by land . Near the end of the siege , the French troops captured the lower city in a surprise attack and the garrison ' s survivors retreated to the upper city . At the end , Suchet ' s men stormed into the upper city amid scenes of horrific slaughter , including the murder of civilians . The loss of this major base and so many Spanish troops crippled the Army of Catalonia . Napoleon duly awarded Suchet the coveted rank of marshal . Results . One authority gives French losses as 4 , 300 killed and wounded out of an army of 21 , 634 men , including General of Division Jean - Baptiste Salme killed . Total Spanish losses numbered between 14 , 000 and 15 , 000 . Of these , 8 , 000 were captured and the rest were killed , wounded , or died of disease . During the butchery attending the final assault , the French attackers massacred numerous civilians including 450 women and children . A second authority asserts that total Spanish losses were 15 , 000 , of whom 7 , 000 were killed outright . French losses are given as 1 , 000 killed and 3 , 000 wounded or sick .
Charles W . Ray Charles W . Ray ( August 6 , 1872 - March 23 , 1959 ) was an sergeant in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine - American War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company I , 22d U . S . Infantry . Place and date : Near San Isidro , Luzon , Philippine Islands , 19 October 1899 . Entered service at : St . Louis , Mo . Birth : Pensacola Yancey County , N . C . Date of issue : 18 April 1902 . Citation : Most distinguished gallantry in action . Captured a bridge with the detachment he commanded and held it against a superior force of the enemy , thereby enabling an army to come up and cross .
Nicolas Chalon du Blé Nicolas Chalon du Blé , marquis d ' Uxelles and Cormatin ( 24 January 1652 – 10 April 1730 ) was a French general and Foreign Minister . He was also created a knight and Marshal of France by Louis XIV , and was a diplomat for Louis XIV and Philippe II , Duke of Orléans . Biography . Early years . du Blé was born at Chalon - sur - Saône . His appearance was described as tall and ruddy , with a huge wig and a hat pulled down over his eyes . He tended to hide his military orders and decorations under a plain , tightly - buttoned coat . Second heir of Louis Chalon du Blé , marquis of Uxelles ( who died in 1658 at the siege of Gravelines ) , and of Marie Le Bailleul ( 1626 – 1712 ) , Nicolas Chalon du Blé was a protégé of Camille le Tellier de Louvois . Military career . He was granted military leadership in 1688 , during the Nine Years ' War ; he served as lieutenant general at the siege of Philippsburg , and was charged with holding the Place de Mayence fortress in Mainz , when the French army was forced to retreat . He initially defended during the Siege of Mainz against the Grand Alliance , from 1 June to 8 September 1689 , but had to surrender , and was publicly booed upon his return to Paris . He retained the favor of François - Michel le Tellier , Marquis de Louvois and Louis XIV of France , and was rewarded with the fief of Rougemont - le - Château ( 1696 ) , and he received the baton of Marshal , in 1703 . Diplomatic career . He took part as a diplomat at the preliminary conferences of Geertruidenberg on 9 March 1710 , but the peace negotiations were broken by Louis XIV at the end of the following June . Chalon du Blé again represented the king during the negotiation for the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 . He was one of the aristocratic architects of the polysynody system of government , and obtained the first presidency of the Council of Foreign Affairs , ( 1715 – 1718 ) when the regency of Philippe II began . This appointment was made against the better judgement of the Regent , who held different foreign policy aims than Blé , and who had been the target of scorn from Blé ' s social circle . The Regent made the decision primarily to keep his enemy in plain view rather than in subterfuge against the government . As president of the Council of Foreign Affairs , Blé tended to the popular , traditional French view of favoring Catholic Spain over Protestant Great Britain . This was in contradiction to the Regent , who admired Britain ' s parliamentary system and open economy . When the Cellamare Conspiracy came to light in 1718 , however , Blé gave up antagonizing the Regent and " became polite , agreeable , and ate from his hand " in the words of Saint - Simon . According to one source , the Regent even made Blé kiss the Treaty of the Triple Alliance , which allied France with Britain and the Dutch Republic against Spain . Nicolas Chalon du Blé was one of the most notable homosexuals of his age , known for his attraction to young valets as well as aspiring officers whom he " domesticated " . He died in Paris in 1730 . References . < BR > < br >
Battle of Lost River The Battle of Lost River in November 1872 was the first battle in the Modoc War in the northwestern United States . The skirmish , which was fought near the Lost River along the California - Oregon border , was the result of an attempt by the U . S . 1st Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army to force a band of the Modoc tribe to relocate to the Klamath Reservation . In the subsequent war , Captain Jack of the Modoc and 53 warriors held off over 1000 U . S . soldiers for 7 months . Description . In the 1860s , the Modoc had relocated from their traditional home near the Lost River to the Klamath Reservation , but they had been mistreated on the reservation by the Klamath tribe . In 1872 , Kintpuash ( Captain Jack ) led his band of about 100 Modoc off the Klamath Reservation back to their traditional home on Lost River . White settlers had moved into the area during their absence and complained to the government about the returning Modoc , asking that the Modoc be returned to the reservation . Despairing of a peaceful settlement , on November 27 , Bureau of Indian Affairs Superintendent T . B . Odeneal requested Major John Green , commanding officer at Fort Klamath , to furnish sufficient troops to compel Captain Jack to return to the reservation . On November 28 Captain James Jackson , commanding 40 troops , left Fort Klamath for Captain Jack ' s camp on Lost River . The troops , reinforced by citizens from Linkville ( now Klamath Falls , Oregon ) arrived in Jack ' s camp on the Lost River about a mile above Emigrant Crossing ( now Stone Bridge , Oregon ) on November 29 . Wishing to avoid conflict , Captain Jack agreed to go to the reservation , but the situation became tense when Captain Jackson demanded he disarm . Captain Jack had never fought the Army , and was alarmed at this command , but finally agreed to put down his weapons . As the rest of the Modoc were following his lead , it is believed that the Modoc warrior Scarfaced Charley and an unidentified Army sergeant got into a verbal argument , pulled their revolvers and shot at each other , both missing their target . The Modoc scrambled to regain their recently cast aside weapons , and fought a short battle before fleeing towards the border with California . After driving the Modoc from camp , Captain Jackson ordered the troops to retreat to await reinforcements . The casualties in this short battle included one U . S . soldier killed and seven wounded , and two Modoc killed and three wounded . Retreating from the battlefield on Lost River to the Lava Beds south of Tule Lake , a small band of Modoc under the leadership of Hooker Jim killed 18 settlers on the afternoon of November 29 and morning of November 30 .
1961 Yuba City B - 52 crash On 14 March 1961 an aircraft accident occurred near Yuba City , California . A United States Air Force B - 52F - 70 - BW Stratofortress bomber , AF Serial No . " 57 - 0166 " , c / n 464155 , carrying two nuclear weapons departed from Mather Air Force Base near Sacramento . The aircraft experienced an uncontrolled decompression that required it to descend to in order to lower the cabin altitude . Increased fuel consumption caused by having to fly at lower altitude , combined with the inability to rendezvous with a tanker in time caused the aircraft to run out of fuel . The aircrew ejected safely , and then the unmanned aircraft crashed west of Yuba City , tearing the nuclear weapons from the aircraft on impact . The weapons did not detonate as their safety devices worked properly . A fireman was killed and several others injured in a road accident while en route to the accident scene .
James E . McPherson James E . McPherson ( born 1955 ) is a retired United States Navy officer , and served as the 39th Judge Advocate General of the Navy , from 2004 to 2006 . Before his career in the Navy , he was a military policeman in the United States Army . Rear Admiral McPherson graduated from San Diego State University in 1977 with an undergraduate degree in Public Administration . He received his Juris Doctor ( J . D . ) in 1981 from the University of San Diego School of Law , and in 1991 , he was awarded a Master of Laws degree in Military Law from The Judge Advocate General ' s Legal Center and School , Charlottesville , Virginia .
Skyguard ( area defense system ) Skyguard is a chemical laser - based area defense system proposed by Northrop Grumman , to protect airports and other areas against a variety of military threats including short - range ballistic missile s , short - and long - range rockets , artillery shells , mortars , unmanned aerial vehicle s and cruise missile s . Each shot costs about $ 1 , 000 which represents the cost of consumable chemicals .
Ali Bey Evrenosoglu Ali Bey Evrenosoglu was an Ottoman military commander in 15th century . He was one of the sons of Evrenos , an Ottoman general . During 1430 ' s he was sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Albania who , after initial defeats , suppressed the Albanian Revolt of 1432 - 1436 with help of the forces commanded by Turahan Bey . In 1440 he participated in the unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Belgrade . Albania . Ali Bey was sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Albania before 1432 . When Ishak Bey captured Dagnum from Koja Zaharia in 1430 it was attached to the territory controlled by Ali Bey . In the early phase of the Albanian Revolt , in the winter of 1432 , Sultan Murat II gathered around 10 . 000 troops under Ali Bey , who marched along the Via Egnatia and reached the central valley of Shkumbin , where he was ambushed and defeated by forces under Gjergj Arianiti . In 1435 - 6 he followed Turahan Bey ' s campaign , which restored Ottoman rule in the region . Other campaigns . According to some legends Hunyadi was Evrenosoglu ' s groom . Hunyadi became intimate of the king of Hungary after he fled from Ali . Evrenosoglu commanded an army which was sent to plunder Wallachia and Transylvania in 1438 . In 1440 Ali Beg participated in the unsuccessful siege of Belgrade where he built a wall around the city and used it to hurl stones . According to Konstantin Mihailović , the title of bey and corresponding estate was promised to the Ottoman soldier who would wave Ottoman flag on the Belgrade walls . Although Evrenosoglu already had the title of bey at that time he decided to personally lead the assault to the walls of the Belgrade castle hoping to increase his already great reputation . When Murad II died in 1451 , Ali Beg was dispatched by Mehmed II to drawn Murad ' s son , Küçük ( Little ) Ahmed Çelebi . Evrenosoglu was buried in the courtyard of the Gazi Evrenos mosque in Yenitsá ( Larisa in Greece ) .
George Allan Mitchell George Allan Mitchell VC ( 30 August 1911 – 24 January 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Mitchell was 32 years old , and a private in The London Scottish ( Gordon Highlanders ) , British Army during the Second World War when he earned the VC . On 23 / 24 January 1944 at Damiano Ridge , Italy , when an advance was held up by enemy machine - guns firing at point - blank range , Private Mitchell charged alone up the hill through intense Spandau fire , jumped into the weapon pit and killed the crew . The advance then continued , but shortly afterwards was again held up and this time Private Mitchell ' s assault on the position resulted in six of the enemy killed and 12 taken prisoner . He led two more successful attacks before falling dead , shot by one of the enemy who had surrendered . The medal . For many years this medal was held by George Mitchell School in East London . Now it is held at the London Scottish Regimental Museum in London .
HMS Hector ( 1774 ) HMS " Hector " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 27 May 1774 at Deptford . Career . On 9 May 1801 " Hector " , , and unsuccessfully chased the French corvette " Heliopolis " , which eluded them and slipped into Alexandria . Because " Hector " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign ( 8 March to 8 September 1801 ) , her officers and crew qualified for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorised in 1850 for all surviving claimants . Fate . " Hector " was converted for use as a prison ship in 1808 , and was broken up in 1816 .
James Hollowell James Hollowell ( 1823 – 4 April 1876 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Hollowell was about 34 years old , and a private in the 78th Regiment of Foot ( later The Seaforth Highlanders ( Ross - shire Buffs , Duke of Albany ' s ) ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 26 September 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow , India for which he was awarded the VC : He later achieved the rank of lance - corporal . The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of Queens Own Highlanders , Fort George , Inverness - shire , Scotland .
Harrison Allen Harrison Allen ( 1841 – 97 ) was an American physician and anatomist , born in Philadelphia . He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1861 , and in 1862 became a surgeon in the United States Army and served until the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865 . Doctor Allen should not be confused with the Union Army officer who was colonel of the 151st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment , who was mustered out July 31 , 1863 and later was awarded the grade of brevet brigadier general . In 1865 he was made professor of comparative anatomy and medical zoölogy at the University of Pennsylvania . He was transferred in 1878 to the chair of physiology , which he occupied until 1895 . In addition to many papers contributed to medical journals , he authored a number of books :
RT - 841 RT - 841 is the base component VHF radio transceiver used by the United States military in manpack and vehicular radio configurations , including the AN / PRC - 77 ( manpack ) and the GRC - 160 ( vehicular ) . These radio systems were employed in the US Army and US Marine Corps from the Vietnam Era to the present . A follow - on radio system and ultimate replacement for this transceiver is the SINCGARS .
Château d ' Orcher The Château d ' Orcher is a castle in the " commune " of Gonfreville - l ' Orcher in the Seine - Maritime " département " of France . Built to protect the mouth of the River Seine , it includes an imposing square crenellated tower . In the 18th century it was transformed into a residence . History . The Auricher fiefdom was created by the Duke of Normandy for a family who got the name " Aurichier " from a place down in the Seine Valley and built the castle with a chapel ( Sainte - Honorine ) on top of a cliff overlooking the Seine . The square keep was surrounded by a trapezoidal " enceinte " , defended in the 13th century by three square towers . In 1360 it was partly destroyed on the orders of officials from Harfleur . Rebuilt later , it was taken by the English in 1415 at the same time as Harfleur . The Crespin family was dispossessed by Henry V . Some French sources state that Henry gave the castle to John Falstaff , the fictional Shakespearean character , but this is almost certainly meant to be Sir John Fastolf . In 1434 , the castle and its associated possessions and privileges were given to the Duke of Bedford . In 1449 , the esates reverted to the Crespins and later , by legacy , went to the Brézé family in 1488 and finally to the O family in 1539 . In 1604 , the Orcher land was decreed to be the property of Georges Laillet seigneur of Auricher , and consisted of castle , fortress and house covered with slate . In 1632 the estates became the property of the Potier family . Thomas Planterose took possession in 1735 and over the next ten years set about transforming the castle . He employed master masons François de la Motte and Jacques Lesueur , both from Picardy , and a master plasterer from Caudebec - en - Caux , Courtel ] . The elegant woodwork was created by a carpenter from Le Havre , Le Roux . The two north towers and the ruins of the great keep in the north - west were demolished , along with the curtain walls . In 1795 , following the division of the estate with the death of Madame de Melmont , the property was described as a " dwelling house castle and accessories and a farm of 145 acres " . In the 19th century , the estate became the property of the Rochechouart family , who had the castle , notably the tower , restored in 1857 by the architect P . Philippon . The castle grounds are open to the public all year . The Château d ' Orcher is listed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .