naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Circassian ( 1862 ) USS " Circassian " ( 1862 ) was a large steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a supply ship for ships on the blockade of the ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America . " Circassian " captured and placed into Union Navy service . " Circassian " , an iron screw steamer , was captured 4 May 1862 by ; purchased from the prize court at Key West , Florida , 8 November 1862 ; outfitted at New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned 12 December 1862 , Acting Volunteer Lieutenant W . B . Eaton in command . Assigned to the East and West Gulf Blockades . " Circassian " served as supply ship for the East and West Gulf Blockading Squadron s . Between 17 December 1862 and 11 April 1865 she completed nine cruises from New York City or Boston , Massachusetts , delivering supplies to ships and stations along the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico as far west as Galveston , Texas , and up the Mississippi River to New Orleans , Louisiana . On return trips she carried men due to be discharged , invalids , prisoners of war , cotton and provisions . During this time she also captured two prizes and participated in the search for the Confederate steamer " Florida " in July 1864 . End - of - war operations and decommissioning . " Circassian " arrived at Boston Navy Yard from her last cruise 11 April 1865 , was placed out of commission 26 April 1865 and sold 22 June 1865 .
Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve The Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve ( RNCVR ) was a naval reserve that was established in Canada in May 1914 and existed until 1923 . Origins . Established on 14 May 1914 under the provisions of the Naval Service Act , the RNCVR ' s initial authorized strength was 1 , 200 men , who enrolled as volunteers , agreeing to serve in wartime , either with the Royal Canadian Navy or the Royal Navy . As initially created , the RNCVR consisted of three geographic commands , or subdivisions : First World War . During the First World War , an Overseas Division was created to recruit Canadians for service with the Royal Navy . Some 8 , 000 officers and men joined the RNCVR for service at home or overseas . At the end of the war 6 , 000 men served in the RNCVR at home and abroad . The RNCVR crewed 160 vessels , mainly patrol vessels protecting the shores around Canada and convoy escort duty . Demise . The RNCVR quickly rose to prominence during the war , but , along with the Royal Canadian Navy , was neglected after the war drew to a close . Reservists were demobilized , and the organization of the RNCVR was allowed to lapse , being replaced by the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1923 .
T - 100 tank The T - 100 was a twin - turreted Soviet heavy tank prototype , designed in 1938 – 39 as a possible replacement for the T - 35 . The T - 100 was designed to by N . Barykov ' s OKMO design team at S . M . Kirov Factory No . 185 in Leningrad . It was in competition with a similar design - the SMK - but neither were adopted and instead a single turret version on the SMK was ordered as the KV - 1 . Development . The project was initiated by the Red Army ' s need to replace the aging five - turreted T - 35 tank based on combat experience in the Spanish Civil War . One of the lessons the Red Army drew from this conflict was the need for heavy ' shell - proof ' armor on medium and heavy tanks . Although the T - 35 was never used in Spain , its thin armor was vulnerable to the small towed antitank guns and gun - armed tanks encountered there by Soviet T - 26 and BT tanks . The T - 100 was in direct competition against the very similar SMK heavy tank , by Lt - Colonel Kotin ' s team at the Leningrad Kirovsky Factory . The original specification was for a five - turreted " anti - tank gun destroyer " which would resist 37mm - 45mm guns at any range and 76 . 2 mm artillery at 1 , 200 m . Both design teams objected to the antiquated multi - turreted design and the requirement was reduced to two turrets before serious design work began . Both tanks had some modern features , including thick , welded armor , radios and torsion bar suspension ( another feature insisted upon by the design teams ) . Description . The T - 100 tank sported two turrets placed on a long chassis . The front turret , mounting a 45mm antitank gun , was placed at a lower elevation than the other , and as such had a limited area of fire . The top turret , mounting a 76 . 2mm gun , was able to turn a full 360 degrees . The multi - turret design concept had been common in the 1920s , with the British one - off Vickers A1E1 Independent influencing the Soviet T - 35 . Service history . The prototype T - 100 tank was briefly tested alongside the other designs in the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939 without success . It was never put into production , due to the archaic design concept , poor mobility and the availability of a far superior alternative , the KV series . In an attempt to rush a tank armed with a large howitzer capable of dealing with Finnish bunkers into use , one of the T - 100s was converted into the SU - 100Y self - propelled gun . It did not go into production , although the prototype was used in the defence of Moscow in 1941 .
No . 518 Squadron RAF No . 518 Squadron RAF was a meteorological squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . History . No . 518 Squadron formed on 6 July 1943 from at RAF Stornoway , Scotland and was equipped with the Handley Page Halifax . After moving to RAF Tiree on 25 September 1943 , and absorbing 1402 Flight , it became operational with daily flight out into the North Atlantic to collect meteorological data . It also kept observations for U - Boat activity . After the end of the Second World War the squadron moved to RAF Aldergrove in Northern Ireland where it absorbed 1402 Flight who had been operating Supermarine Spitfire s and Hawker Hurricane s . With these added to the squadron , the main equipment was changed from the Handley Page Halifax Mk . V to the Mk . VI . No . 518 squadron was the last of the wartime meteorological squadrons when it was re - numbered to 202 Squadron on 1 October 1946 .
Fort Tilden Fort Tilden , also known as Fort Tilden Historic District , is a former United States Army installation in the New York City borough of Queens and part of Gateway National Recreation Area . It is located on the Rockaway Peninsula between Jacob Riis Park to the east and Breezy Point to the west . All three sites are operated by the National Park Service . Fort Tilden today is largely a natural area of beach , dunes and maritime forest . Most of the old military installations are abandoned , though some buildings have been renovated and are used by local arts groups . Atop one of the old batteries , Battery Harris East , is a viewing platform offering 360 - degree views that encompass the city , New York Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean . The area is popular with bird - watchers and other nature - lovers and is widely used for fishing . Military history . Following a number of temporary military installations on or near the location dating as far back as the War of 1812 , and ending with Naval Air Station Rockaway ( the departure point of the first transatlantic flight ) , the fort was established about the time of American involvement in World War I in 1917 . It is named after Samuel J . Tilden , one - term governor of New York State and Democratic Presidential candidate in 1876 . The fort first served as a coastal artillery installation and ended its service as a Nike Hercules and Nike Ajax missile site . Fort Tilden remained an Army installation until 1974 when it was decommissioned and turned over to the National Park Service , and made part of the Gateway National Recreation Area . A number of structures are included in an historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places , including the cement casemates for the largest cannon ( 16 " bore ) ever employed on land up to that time . From the late 60 ' s till at least 1978 it was an Army Reserve Post housing a signal corp unit , the 411th Engineers , and an Army Reserve self - propelled 8 " Howitzer battalion , originally the 5 / 51st FA and renamed in the early 70 ' s the 7 / 9th FA . From the late 60 ' s till the 1980s it served as a United States Army Reserve post , with the 187th Infantry Brigade ' s 5 / 5th Field Artillery ; a towed - 105mm howitzer battalion stationed there until the 187th was deactivated in 1995 . It was also the location of the 411th Engineer Brigade , which was headquartered there from 1968 to 1978 .
Thomas O . Seaver Thomas Orville Seaver ( December 23 , 1833 – July 11 , 1912 ) rose to the rank of Colonel in the U . S . Army during the American Civil War and received the Medal of Honor , America ' s highest military decoration , for his actions at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House . After the war Seaver was admitted to the Vermont bar and practiced law , serving as a judge for many years , until his death . Biography . Seaver was born in Cavendish , Vermont but after his first year of school his parents moved to Pomfret seeking better educational opportunities for their son . He ultimately attended Green Mountain Academy in South Woodstock , graduating in 1855 . He matriculated at Tufts University later that year , where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity , but left Tufts in 1856 to attend Norwich University , a Vermont military academy . He left Norwich without a degree in 1858 , completing his studies at Union College and receiving a B . A . in 1859 . On June 30 , 1861 , he wed Nancy Taylor Johnson Spaulding . On the outbreak of the Civil War , Seaver mustered on July 16 , 1861 in Newbury , where he was given command of the 3rd Vermont Infantry as a captain , serving as commander until July 1864 . He was raised to major on August 13 , 1861 ; to lieutenant colonel on September 17 , 1862 ; and to full colonel on January 13 , 1863 . He served in the Battles at Antietam and Gettysburg , among many others . After the war , Seaver settled in Cavendish once more and began work as an attorney , serving as a public defender . He was made a judge of the probate court in 1886 . He received the Medal of Honor on April 8 , 1892 for valor in the Battle of Spotsylvania , and died in Woodstock in 1912 from a heart attack and was buried at River Street Cemetery in Windsor County , Vermont . He was survived by his wife Nancy and two children , a girl and a boy ( two daughters had predeceased him ) . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Citation :
Siege of Retz The Siege of Retz was a conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in 1486 . It was part of the Austro - Hungarian War . The Hungarian capture of the town eventually led to the prosperity of its wine industry . The siege . After the fall of Laa the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus turned to Retz . He was accompanied by his son John Corvinus . He divided his army into three branches , one composed of mainly Bohemians , the second of Hungarians and the third of the light cavalry of the Raci . He besieged the town with them on 4 October . The town was heavily forfified and required the engagement of siege weaponry . The garrison accomplished several break - outs , targeting the supply transports for the besiegers ' encampment . These skirmishes caused minor casualties but were disturbing enough to make the King decide to draw the encirclement closer to the walls and to order their cannon bombardment . His army also undermined the towers of the town fort . The citizens of Retz realized it was time to surrender . The citizens were granted a royal pardon and Matthias entered the city on 10 October 1486 . Aftermath . After the capture of the city he appointed Nikolaus Bethlen the captain of the city who started to build the castle later known as Gatterburg . Matthias Corvinus reissued the town ' s privileges , which is regarded as the origin of the construction of the multi - storeyed central wine cellars , and on 11 November , he ordered ten suburban villages to submit fermented wine to the town . In the same year he also allowed the citizens of Retz to export their wines to Northern Europe and even to the court of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III of Russia . The architecture in the main square of Retz reflects the accumulated wealth from that time due to the greater growth of Retz ' s wine industry from Matthias ' s decision . Matthias stayed in the town several times , receiving envoys from France as well as the historian Antonio Bonfini , whom – after this visit – he hired as his personal historian .
316th Rifle Division ( Soviet Union ) The 316th Rifle Division was formed as a Red Army division during World War II . The division was initially formed in July 1941 , renamed the 8th Guards Rifle Division on 18 November 1941 . The division was recreated at Vjasniki in July 1942 , fought in the early battles around Stalingrad and was disbanded in November 1942 . The division was recreated for the third time from the 57th and 131st Rifle Brigades in September 1943 . The division ended the war assigned to the 27th Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front . History . 1st Formation . After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 , reserves were mobilized to be sent to the front . In 12 July 1941 , the 316th Rifle Division was established in Alma Ata , the capital of the Kazakh SSR . Major General Ivan Panfilov , the military commissar of the Kyrgyz SSR , was appointed its commander . The reservists allotted to the 316th were mostly from the two republics . It consisted of three infantry regiments : the 1073th , the 1075th and the 1077th . The 316th soldiers ' were sworn in on 1 August , and boarded trains to the front from the 18th to the 20th . They arrived in Borovichi , near Malaya Vishera , in late August . Intense fighting against the Germans already took place in the region , as part of the campaign to defend Leningrad from the attack of Army Group North . The 316th was involved in several skirmishes , but on 8 September was consigned as the reserve of the 52nd Army . It spent a month in the rear . See 8th Guards Rifle Division for the rest of this formations history . 2nd Formation . Formed in late June to 10 July 1942 at Vyasniki in the Moscow Military District . The cadre for the unit came from either the 41st , 52nd or 157th Rifle Brigade s . The division was assigned to the 9th Reserve Army in the STAVKA reserve and remained there until late August . The division was then assigned to the 8th Reserve Army and remained assigned to the army when it was redisignated as the 66th Army on 24 August and sent south to the Stalingrad Front . From the divisions arrival at the front in September it fought under the 24th , 66th , and 1st Guards Armies . The division was practically destroyed in the fighting and on 4 November 1942 the division headquarters was disbanded and the remnants of the division used to reinforce the 260th Rifle Division . See also . List of infantry divisions of the Soviet Union 1917 – 1957
Bairam Khan Bairam Khan also Bayram Khan ( ) ( died 1561 ) was an important military commander , among top generals , later commander in chief of the Mughal army , a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal emperors Humayun and Akbar , also guardian , chief mentor , advisor , teacher and most trusted person of Akbar . Early life . Bairam Khan was born in Badakhshan , now in present day Afghanistan , and belonged to the Baharlu clan of the Turkmen Kara Koyunlu tribe . The Kara Koyunlu had ruled Western Persia for decades before being overthrown by their Ak Koyunlu rivals . Bairam Khan ' s father and grandfather had previously joined in Babur ' s service . Military service . Bairam entered Babur ' s service at the age of 16 and played an active role in the early Mughal conquests of India . Bairam Khan later contributed greatly to the establishment of the Mughal empire under Humayun . Under Humayan he was entrusted the position of " muhradr " ( keeper of the seals ) and took part in military campaigns in Benares , Bengal and Gujarat . He accompanied Humayun during his exile in Persia and helped conquer Kandahar before serving as its governor for nine years . In 1556 , he played a leading role as a commander in Humayun ' s reconquest of Hindustan . Following Humayun ' s death in 1556 , Bairam Khan was appointed Regent over the young monarch Akbar . As regent , he consolidated Mughal authority in northern India and most notably led Mughal forces at the Second Battle of Panipat , which was fought between Akbar and the Hindu king Hemu in Nov . 1556 . Later years . Bairam Khan was a Shia muslim and was disliked by the Sunni Turkic nobles . Bairam was dismissed by Akbar ' s in 1560 . He subsequently chose to leave India to perform the hajj pilgrimage in Mecca . While travelling through Gujarat , he was assassinated by Hazi Khan Mewati of Alwar , who was the General and close confidant of Hindu Kings of North India Hemu , and was staying at Patan after Akbar ' s forces captured Alwar Sarkar in 1559 . One day when Bairam Khan was at " Sahstraling Talav " , a religious site , he was recognised by Lohani Pashtun an associate of Hazi Khan Mewati , whose father had been killed in Second Battle of Panipat ( 1556 ) , five years ago , which was led by Bairam Khan . Hazi Khan attacked and killed Bairam Khan , to take the revenge of his father ' s death and due to jealousy towards him , being a Shia muslim . Bairam Khan died on 31 January 1561 . However , his son and wife were allowed to go free and sent to north India . Bairam Khan ' s wife , who was also the cousin of Akbar , married Akbar after Bairam Khan ' s death and later on Bairam ' s son , Abdul Rahim Khan - i - khana , got an important assignment in Akbar ' s administration and was one of the ' Nau - rattans ' ( Nine Gems ) of Akbar . Marriage with Khanzada Jamal Khan ' s Daughter . " Gazetteer of Ulwur " states :
Joseph - François Poeymirau Joseph - François Poeymirau ( 8 November 1869 – 22 February 1924 ) was a French general . Childhood . Poeymirau was born in Pau , Pyrénées - Atlantiques on November 8 , 1869 and is the son of André Adolphe Poeymirau , a business man , and his wife Delphine Rocacher . He studied at the Collège Stanislas de Paris , then the Military School of Saint - Cyr Coetquidan before being accepted to the War College .
Alexander William Campbell ( general ) Alexander William Campbell ( June 28 , 1828 – June 13 , 1893 ) , was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War . He was a lawyer in Tennessee before and after the war , mayor of Jackson , Tennessee , 1856 , and an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for governor of Tennessee in 1880 . Early life . Alexander William Campbell was born on June 4 , 1828 in Nashville , Tennessee . After graduating from West Tennessee College , he studied law at Lebanon Law School . He was admitted to the bar of Tennessee and became a partner of future United States Senator and United States Supreme Court justice , Howell E . Jackson . He was elected mayor of Jackson , Tennessee in 1856 . American Civil War . Alexander William Campbell enlisted in the Confederate States Army as a private . On or about May 9 , 1861 , he was appointed major and assigned to duty as assistant inspector general of the Provisional Army of Tennessee . He was promoted to colonel of the 33rd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment on October 18 , 1861 . Campbell ' s regiment was in reserve at the Battle of Belmont . Campbell led his regiment at the Battle of Shiloh . He was severely wounded during the battle . After several months convalescence , he returned to find that he had not been re - elected colonel of the regiment on its reorganization on May 8 , 1862 . Upon his return to active duty , just before the Battle of Stones River , Campbell was appointed assistant adjutant and inspector general for Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk . After this assignment , he served with the Tennessee volunteer and conscription bureau under Brigadier General Gideon Pillow . Sent on a mission for Tennessee Governor Isham G . Harris to supervise elections and to recruit new soldiers in the western part of Tennessee , Campbell was taken prisoner by Union forces at Lexington , Tennessee in July 1863 . He was not exchanged until February 1865 . On February 18 , 1865 , Campbell was appointed acting inspector general for Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest . Later in the month , according to Sifakis , or on March 1 , 1865 , according to Eicher , Campbell was given command of a brigade in Brigadier General William H . Jackson ' s division of Lieutenant General Forrest ' s cavalry corps , with which he served until the end of the war . On March 1 , 1865 , Campbell was commissioned as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army . He was paroled at Gainesville , Alabama on May 11 , 1865 . Aftermath . After the Civil War , Campbell returned to Jackson , Tennessee and resumed his practice of law . He also was engaged as a banker . He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor of Tennessee in 1880 . He died on June 13 , 1893 at Jackson . Alexander William Campbell was buried in Riverside Cemetery , Jackson , Tennessee . See also . List of American Civil War Generals ( Confederate )
HMS Reserve ( 1704 ) HMS " Reserve " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 18 March 1704 . " Reserve " was renamed HMS " Sutherland " in 1716 , and converted to serve as a hospital ship in 1741 . " Sutherland " was broken up in 1754 .
49th Infantry Division ( United States ) The 49th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army formed from the 52nd Infantry Division . The 52nd Infantry Division was activated on 15 August 1946 , and was allocated to the State of California as a National Guard division during the post World War II demobilization . The division was to be headquartered in the area of " 49 ' ers " of the California Gold Rush . To mark the upcoming centenary of the 1849 gold rush , the State of California requested that the 52d Infantry Division change its designation to the 49th Infantry Division . The change was approved by a National Guard Bureau Letter , CSNGB , dated 24 October 1947 , Subject : " Change in Designation of 52d Infantry Division " and an Adjutant General Letter , AGAO - I 325 dated 20 October 1947 , Subject : " Allotment of National Guard Units ( California ) . " The change was made retroactive to 5 August 1946 , the formation of the original 52nd division . The new division was known as the " Argonaut Division , " and its shoulder sleeve insignia depicted a 49 ' er panning for gold . The nickname refers to the 49 ' ers , who were also known as Argonauts . The 49th Infantry Division was inactivated on 29 January 1968 .
USS SC - 21 USS " SC - 21 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 21 or USS " S . C . 21 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 21 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on either 20 September or 19 October 1917 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 21 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 21 " , under the command of Lieutenant Alfred Y . Lanphier , who later would become the commander of the Group of submarine chasers . Assigned to the Second Naval District , " S . C . 21 " operated with the Experimental Unit at New London , Connecticut . On 6 May 1918 , Lieutenant , junior grade , Henry Hartley was relieved of command of " Submarine Chaser No . 253 " and took command of " S . C . 21 " . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 21 " was classified as SC - 21 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 21 " . On 24 June 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 21 " to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .