Lubomirski ' s Rokosz Lubomirski ' s Rokosz , or Lubomirski ' s Rebellion ( ) , was a rebellion against Polish King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa , initiated by the Polish nobleman , Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski . In 1665 - 66 , Lubomirski ' s supporters paralyzed the proceedings of the Sejm . Lubomirski himself , with the support of part of the army and the " levee - en - masse " ( " pospolite ruszenie " ) , defeated royal forces , at Mątwy ( 1666 ) . The rebellion ended with the Agreement of Łęgonice , which forced the King to give up his planned reforms and the introduction of " vivente - rege " royal elections . Lubomirski himself , now a broken man , died soon after . Background . Mid 17 - th century was one of the most tragic and difficult periods in the history of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . The country was devastated in several wars , such as the Khmelnytsky Uprising , and Swedish invasion of Poland . Its international position was weakened , and the chaos was deepened by the ill - functioning system of the so - called szlachta democracy ( see Szlachta ' s privileges , Golden Liberty ) . In 1652 , Lithuanian envoy to the Sejm , Wladyslaw Sicinski for the first time in Polish history used the Liberum veto , thus voiding the new bill , which was about to be introduced . The country was destroyed by internal conflicts of the magnates , its central institutions did not function . King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa was aware of the condition of the Polish - Lithuanian state , and initiated an attempt to reform its institutions . In 1658 , he introduced a program of improvement of the government , which stipulated , among others , voting by majority , creating a government and general tax system . Polish Senate tentatively agreed to the reform , creating a special commission . The problem was the issue of royal election ( see Royal elections in Poland ) - the king and his supporters wanted to introduce the Vivente rege system , while his opponents disagreed . The King and his wife Marie Louise Gonzaga began to look for supporters among the szlachta and the magnates . They opponents , acting on initiative of Habsburg envoy Franz Paul de Lisola , created their own camp , with such members as Greater Poland ’ s Lukasz Opalinski and Jan Leszczynski , as well as Lesser Poland ’ s Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski . As a result , all attempts of the reform were defeated . The rebellion . During the 1661 Sejm , the King urged all envoys to support extra taxes , needed to carry out election reform and pay the unpaid soldiers of the army . In response , the magnates opposed royal proposal , and upon inspiration of Lubomirski , a confederation called Holy Alliance was created both in Poland and Lithuania . Members of the confederation , which consisted mostly of unpaid soldiers , demanded their money . They were supported by some members of the nobility , who above all wanted to keep their ancient privileges , opposed any reforms and wanted to keep the so - called free royal election . Not all soldiers and nobility supported the rebellion - those who remained loyal to the King , under Stefan Czarniecki , created their own confederation , the so - called Pious Alliance . The 1662 Sejm opposed all attempts of reform of the government , allowing only to introduce extra tax for the army . The King , however , did not give up . Aware that Jerzy Lubomirski was the main source of his problems , in 1664 accused the magnate of treason . Sejm court found Lubomirski guilty , confiscated his properties , sentenced him to infamy and ordered to leave Poland . Lubomirskiego went to Habsburg - controlled Silesia , where he tried to organize an army ( with financial support of the Habsburgs ) to invade Poland . In 1665 Lubomirski announced a rokosz , and his army entered the Commonwealth . On July 13 , 1666 he faced royal army under the King himself . Lubomirski ’ s forces were victorious . After the battle , elite regiments , consisting of best soldiers of the Polish Army were murdered by the rebels ( altogether , the army lost almost 4 , 000 of its most experienced men ) . On July 31 , at the village of Legowice , the King and Lubomirski signed an agreement . Jan Kazimierz gave up his plans of a reform and declared amnesty for the rebels , while Lubmirski apologized . In 1668 , the King abdicated .