naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Adjutant General ' s Special Recognition Ribbon The Adjutant General ’ s Distinguished Unit Ribbon , formerly the Maryland National Guard Adjutant General ' s Distinguished Unit Ribbon , is intended to recognize units or members of the military in Maryland who have performed acts to greatly benefit the Maryland Military Department or the state . Any member of the military is eligible regardless of time of service . This ribbon is only bestowed on organizational units that are not numbered . Formerly , the ribbon was given to units of Maryland National Guard who performed superior service during times of war or state of emergency or when otherwise acting to further state interests .
Meritorious Team Commendation The Meritorious Team Commendation is the second lowest unit award of the United States Coast Guard . Created in December 1993 , the Meritorious Team Commendation is awarded to lower echelon Coast Guard commands who perform exceptional actions that would normally warrant a Commandant ' s Letter of Commendation . To qualify for the award , a unit must also display cohesion and teamwork noticeable to upper echelon commanders . Additional awards of the Meritorious Team Commendation are denoted by award stars with the award authorized to all Team Coast Guard units . For those Coast Guard commands who are awarded the Meritorious Team Commendation under field operating conditions , the Operational Distinguishing Device is authorized .
FMA I . Ae . 37 The FMA I . Ae . 37 was a prototype jet fighter developed in Argentina during the 1950s . It never flew and was cancelled in 1960 . Development . Reimar Horten began work on the I . Ae . 37 around 1952 , after his earlier flying wing projects were cancelled in 1951 . This was a single - engined jet fighter that used a flying wing structure with lateral engine inlets on each side of the nose . Wind tunnel tests began in 1953 as did testing of scale models at speeds up to . A full scale glider was built and made its first flight on 1 October 1954 . Most unusually the pilot lay prone and looked out through the clear nose . Flight performance was deemed excellent and manufacture of a prototype powered by a Rolls - Royce Derwent V began in 1955 . This engine was selected only as it was readily available , but lacked the thrust desired for the actual fighter . In support of the development of the fighter the glider was modified with a normal cockpit in 1956 . Shortly afterwards the program was split with the current aircraft becoming a subsonic trainer and a new , more powerful fighter , designated as the I . Ae . 48 , with two podded engines under the wings and intended to reach the speed of Mach 2 . 2 . ( 1450 mph ) . However , both projects were cancelled in 1960 as an economy measure , only a year before the I . Ae . 37 was to fly .
Samuel McGowan Samuel McGowan ( 1 September 1870 – 11 November 1934 ) was an admiral of the United States Navy . Early life . McGowan , born at Laurens , South Carolina , on 1 September 1870 , he attended Wofford College , Class of 1889 , where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity . He also was a Charter Member of the Tau Chapter of the Chi Phi Fraternity at the University of South Carolina in 1889 . Military service . He was later commissioned assistant paymaster 15 March 1894 . He became Fleet Paymaster for the US Atlantic Fleet , 1908 – 1910 , acquiring that position in San Francisco when the fleet , later known as the Great White Fleet , was at that port of call during its 1907 - 1909 round - the - world cruise . It is believed that $ 500 , 000 ( 1909 face value ) US Navy funds that were lost aboard RMS " Republic " when that vessel sank in 1909 were requisitioned by Fleet Paymaster McGowan . The funds were to be delivered to the Fleet at Gibraltar . On 1 July 1914 , he was appointed Paymaster General and Chief of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts with the rank of rear admiral . Holding that office until his retirement in 1920 , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for the preparation and execution of plans to maintain the fleets during World War I . Following his military career he became the first Highway Commissioner of South Carolina . He did not drive but managed to travel the world three times over . Death . He died 11 November 1934 at Laurens . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer was named in his honor .
Reinhold Jörke Offizierstellvertreter ( Warrant Officer ) Reinhold Jörke was a World War I flying ace credited with 14 confirmed aerial victories . Biography . He was posted to Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 12 on 27 February 1917 , and scored his first victory with them on 24 March 1917 by downing British ace Cyril Lowe . Jörke ran up nine victories by 18 September 1917 . He then switched to Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 13 , and scored a single win , his tenth , with them , on 21 February 1918 . In June 1918 , he was posted to Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 39 as it returned from Italy . He lasted out the war with them , scoring four more victories in August and September 1918 . References . " Above the Lines : The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service , Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918 " Norman L . R . Franks , et al . Grub Street , 1993 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 73 - 9 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 73 - 1 .
Ceux de la Libération " Ceux de la Libération " ( CDLL ) was a French resistance movement during the German occupation of France in World War II . CDLL was one of the eight major resistance groups of the Conseil National de la Résistance ( CNR ) . History . Ceux de la Libération was formed in November 1940 by Maurice Ripoche , Henri Pascal and Jacques Ballet . The movement soon had several thousand members in the Northern occupation zone . In early 1942 , Roger Coquoin , a demobilized Captain and the head of the Chemistry Laboratory at the Académie Nationale de Médecine , met with the CDLL leader Maurice Ripoche . He became involved with the group and succeeded Ripoche as leader after the latter ' s arrest in March 1943 . Under Coquoin ' s command , the CDLL expanded to Paris and the rest of France , gathering new volunteers in Normandy , Champagne , Bourgogne and Vendée . Coquoin also made contact with other resistance movements in the occupied zone and even in the southern zone of Vichy . His capabilities in chemistry enabled him to develop detonators and abrasive pellets for destroying German trucks . After Coquoin was killed in an ambush in December 1943 , Gilbert Védy , CDLL ' s delegate to the " Assemblée consultative provisoire " in Algiers , returned to Paris to head the movement . However , three days after his arrival , on March 21 , 1944 , Védy was arrested and poisoned himself during the interrogation rather than risk divulging any information .
Frank Caldwell Jr . Rear Admiral Frank Caldwell Jr . , USN is the Commander , Submarine Force U . S . Pacific Fleet . He leads a force that includes attack , ballistic - missile and guided - missile submarines , submarine tenders , a floating submarine dock , a submarine rescue unit and undersea surveillance . Caldwell was previously assigned as commander , Submarine Group 9 in Bangor , Washington . Education . Caldwell received his commission graduating with distinction from the United States Naval Academy in 1981 with a Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering . He holds a Master of Science in operations research from the Naval Postgraduate School . Previous tours . Afloat . Caldwell ’ s early sea tours include serving in both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets . His operational assignments include duty as a division officer on USS Boston ( SSN 703 ) , engineering officer on USS Alabama ( SSBN 731 ) ( GOLD ) , and executive officer on USS Buffalo ( SSN 715 ) . Rear Admiral Caldwell commanded USS Jacksonville ( SSN 699 ) home ported in Norfolk , Virginia ; Submarine Development Squadron 12 in New London , Connecticut ; and most recently Submarine Group 9 in Bangor , Washington . Ashore . Ashore , Caldwell served on the Pacific Fleet Nuclear Propulsion Examining Board , and later as Undersea Warfare Requirements Officer on the staff of Commander in Chief , U . S . Pacific Fleet . He also served as Senior Member of the Naval Submarine Force ’ s Tactical Readiness Evaluation Team , on the Joint Staff as Deputy Director for Politico - Military Affairs for Europe , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , Russia and Africa , and Deputy Commander for U . S . Strategic Command ’ s Joint Functional Component Command for Global Strike in Omaha , Nebraska . Awards . His awards include the Defense Superior Service Medal , Legion of Merit , Meritorious Service Medal , Navy Commendation Medal , Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal , and the Naval Submarine League ’ s Charles A . Lockwood Award .
Bahadur Group The Bahadur Group , or the Special Services Group as it was initially formed , was a Special Forces unit within the Indian National Army that was tasked with frontline intelligence as well as subversion and sabotage operations behind enemy lines . A unit of the Bahadur Group led by Colonel Shaukat Hayat Malik is credited with raising the flag of Azad Hind in Moirang in April 1944 , an event accepted as one of the first instances of the liberation of Indian soil by an independent Indian government .
Ranger tab The Ranger Tab is a service school military decoration of the United States Army signifying completion of the 61 - day long Ranger School course in small - unit infantry combat tactics in woodland , mountain , and swamp operations . Those graduating from Ranger School are presented with the Ranger Tab , which is worn on the upper shoulder of the left sleeve of a military uniform , as specified in Army Regulation 670 – 1 , " Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia . " Wearing the tab is permitted for the remainder of a soldier ' s military career . The cloth version of the tab is worn on the Army Combat Uniform and Class - A dress uniform of the U . S . Army ; a smaller , metal version is worn on the new Army Service Uniform . It is currently one of four permanent individual skill / marksmanship tabs authorized for wear by the U . S . Army . In order of seniority , they are the President ' s Hundred Tab , the Special Forces Tab , the Ranger Tab , and the Sapper Tab . Only three may be worn at one time . U . S . Marines and Airmen presented with the Ranger Tab are not authorized to wear it on their uniforms . Award eligibility . The Commandant of the United States Army Infantry School may award the Ranger Tab to any person who successfully completed a Ranger Course conducted by that school . The Commander , United States Army Human Resources Command , may award the Ranger Tab to any person who was awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge while serving during World War II as a member of a Ranger Battalion ( 1st Battalion – 6th Battalion inclusive ) or in the 5307th Composite Unit , Provisional ( Merrill ' s Marauders ) ; to any person who was awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge while serving during the Korean Conflict with the Eighth Army Ranger Company ( 11 October 1950 to 27 March 1951 ) ; or to any person who successfully completed a Ranger Course conducted by the Ranger Training Command at Fort Benning , Georgia .
Daishō The daishō | 大小 | daishō | literally " big - little " is a Japanese term for a matched pair of traditionally made Japanese swords worn by the samurai class in feudal Japan . Description . The etymology of the word " daishō " becomes apparent when the terms " daitō " , meaning long sword , and " shōtō " , meaning short sword , are used ; daitō " + shōtō " = " daishō " . A " daishō " is typically depicted as a katana and wakizashi mounted in matching but originally the " daishō " was the wearing of any long and short uchigatana together . The " katana / wakizashi " pairing is not the only " daishō " combination as generally any longer sword paired with a tantō is considered to be a " daishō " . " Daishō " eventually came to mean two swords having a . A " daishō " could also have matching blades made by the same swordsmith , but this was in fact uncommon and not necessary for two swords to be considered to be a " daishō " , as it would have been more expensive for a samurai . History . The concept of the " daisho " originated with the pairing of a short sword with whatever long sword was being worn during a particular time period . It has been noted that the " tachi " would be paired with a " tantō " , and later the " uchigatana " would be paired with another shorter " uchigatana " . With the advent of the katana , the " wakizashi " eventually was chosen by samurai as the short sword over the " tantō " . Kanzan Satō in his book titled " The Japanese Sword " notes that there did not seem to be any particular need for the " wakizashi " and suggests that the " wakizashi " may have become more popular than the " tantō " due to the " wakizashi " being more suited for indoor fighting . He mentions the custom of leaving the " katana " at the door of a castle or palace when entering while continuing to wear the " wakizashi " inside . According to most traditional " kenjutsu " schools , only one sword of the " daisho " would have been used in combat . However , in the first half of the 17th century , the famous swordsman Miyamoto Musashi promoted the use of a one - handed grip , which allowed both swords to be used simultaneously . This technique , called " nitōken " , is a main element of the " Niten Ichi - ryū " style of swordsmanship that Musashi founded . The wearing of " daishō " was limited to the samurai class after the sword hunt of Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1588 , and became a symbol or badge of their rank . " Daishō " may have become popular around the end of the Muromachi period ( 1336 to 1573 ) as several early examples date from the late sixteenth century . An edict in 1629 defining the duties of a samurai required the wearing of a " daishō " when on official duty . During the Meiji period an edict was passed in 1871 abolishing the requirement of the wearing of " daishō " by samurai , and in 1876 the wearing of swords in public by most of Japan ' s population was banned ; this ended the use of the " daishō " as the symbol of the samurai , and the samurai class was abolished soon after the sword ban .
Push of pike The push of pike was a particular feature of late medieval and Early Modern warfare that occurred when two opposing columns of pikemen ( often Swiss mercenaries or landsknecht s ) collided and became locked in position along a front of interleaved pikes . The push of pike would continue until one of the opposing formations collapsed , which would generally lead to massive casualties . The feature was present in many of the larger battles of the Italian Wars , including :
USS Puget Sound ( CVE - 113 ) USS " Puget Sound " ( CVE – 113 ) was a of the United States Navy . She was laid down on 12 May 1944 at Todd - Pacific Shipyards , Inc . , Tacoma , Washington ; launched on 20 November 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Bert A . Teats of Sheridan , Oreg . ; and commissioned on 18 June 1945 at Tacoma , Captain Charles F . Coe in command . Service history . After trials and fitting out in the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard , " Puget Sound " steamed south on 6 July 1945 for shakedown out of San Diego , Calif . , where she embarked Marine Air Group 6 . She departed San Diego on 8 September for brief training in the Hawaiian Islands before proceeding to support the occupation of Japan . " Puget Sound " entered Tokyo Bay on 14 October 1945 . Her aircraft joined in the show of strength and conducted antimine patrols in support of the landings of the 10th Army at Matsuyama and Nagoya . Thence tactical training took her to the Philippines , Hong Kong , and the Marianas . Loading surplus aircraft in Apra Harbor , Guam , she put to sea on 6 January 1946 en route to Pearl Harbor , where she offloaded the surplus aircraft . At San Diego on 23 January , Marine Air Group 6 was detached and " Puget Sound " prepared to serve as a " Magic Carpet " home for Pacific war veterans . From February – May 1946 , " Puget Sound " made two " Magic Carpet " runs between San Diego and Pearl Harbor and one between Alameda , California and Okinawa , transporting 1 , 200 troops and surplus aircraft . She steamed north on 24 May 1946 to prepare for inactivation , entering Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 1 June . Decommissioning there on 18 October , she entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Tacoma . Her hull classification and number were changed to CVHE – 113 , effective 12 June 1955 , and then to AKV – 13 , cargo ship and aircraft ferry . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1960 , she was sold for scrap on 10 January 1962 to Nicholai Joffee Corp .
Battle of the River Bug The Battle of the River Bug , sometimes known as the Battle of Volhynia , was a battle that took place on 22 – 23 July 1018 , in Red Ruthenia , near the Bug River and near Volhynia ( Wołyń ) , between the forces of Bolesław I the Brave of Poland and Yaroslav the Wise of Kievan Rus , during the Bolesław ' s Kiev Expedition . Yaroslav was defeated by the Polish duke . It was part of the war of succession following the death of Vladimir the Great in 1015 . Boleslaw supported his son - in - law , Sviatopolk ( known as Sviatopolk the Damned for his murder of his half - brothers Boris and Gleb ) , who was eventually defeated by Yaroslav . Both armies met on opposite banks of the river Bug . Yaroslav ' s forces took up positions with archers covering the crossing points ; Bolesław took his time , allowing his army to rest , and started work on several makeshift bridges . The main battle occurred on 23 July . According to Polish chronicler Gall Anonim , the battle occurred by accident : Bolesław decided to throw a feast to boost morale of his army ; Yaroslav ' s archers and scouts decided to stir up trouble for the Polish servants who were gutting the animals and preparing them near the river - but they only succeeded in annoying them so much that the servants themselves crossed the relatively shallow river and chased Yaroslav ' s much - surprised advance troops away . Bolesław learned about this quicker than Yaroslav , and managed to move most of his army across the river and attack the surprised Kievan prince , who didn ' t manage to muster his army in time ; the Kievan army quickly broke rank and fled . However a Russian chronicle , " Tale of Bygone Years " gives a slightly different version of events , one in which both armies were combat - ready and facing each other across the river , and Bolesław , enraged by insults hurled by the Rus ' army , charged across the army with at the head of his army , surprising Yaroslav and shattering the Kievan army . Most modern historians support Gall Anonim ' s version , and all agree that after a short battle the Polish Duke was victorious , scoring a major victory . Yaroslav retreated to Novogrod , not Kiev - likely suspecting that he has not enough strength left to defend Kiev , besieged by the Pechengs , and with a significant pro - Sviatopolk ( Boleslaw ' s son - in - law ) faction inside the city . While Yaroslav lost the battle , he was able to raise troops among the Novgorodians and eventually defeat his half - brother Sviatopolk and consolidate his position in Kiev , where he ruled over the golden age of Kievan Rus ' until his death in 1054 . Thus , in spite of this defeat at the hands of the Polish duke , Yaroslav became the greatest of the Kievan rulers .
XX Corps ( United Kingdom ) The XX Corps was an army corps of the British Army during World War I . First World War . The Corps was formed in Palestine in June 1917 under Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode . Following the British failure in the Second Battle of Gaza , the Egyptian Expeditionary Force underwent a major rearrangement with the appointment of General Edmund Allenby as the new Commander - in - Chief . The infantry component of the force was divided into two corps ; XX Corps and XXI Corps . The corps initially comprised four infantry divisions : The XX Corps first saw action in the Beersheba phase of the Third Battle of Gaza on 31 October 1917 . The 60th and 74th Divisions captured Turkish outposts west of the town but were not involved in the final assault . Following Beersheba on 6 November , the corps made a frontal assault against the Turkish fortifications in the vicinity of Sheria where the 10th , 60th and 74th Divisions succeeded in breaking through . The 10th Division captured the Hareira Redoubt on 7 November and the 60th Division advanced on Huj in support of the Australian Mounted Division ' s effort to cut off the retreating Turkish army . During the Battle of Megiddo the formation was : General officers commanding . Commanders included :
USS John M . Howard ( IX - 75 ) USS " John M . Howard " ( IX - 75 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John Martin Howard . Her keel was laid down in Camden , New Jersey , in 1934 as " Elsie Fenimore " , and purchased from her owner , E . R . Fenimore Johnson , on 2 July 1942 . She was placed in service at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 29 July . Taken to Washington , DC , and renamed " John M . Howard " on 17 August 1942 , she commissioned there 1 September 1942 . During the war the ship was used for ordnance experiments , operating out of Naval Ordnance Laboratory , Washington , DC , to Chesapeake Bay and various Atlantic coast ports . She decommissioned on 9 May 1945 at the Washington Navy Yard and was placed in service until 16 November 1945 . She was returned to the Maritime Commission for disposal 24 January 1946 .
HMS Hobart ( 1794 ) HMS " Hobart " was a 18 - gun sloop of the Royal Navy . She was formerly the French privateer " La Revanche " , which Captain Edward Pakenham and captured in the Sunda Strait , East Indies on 21 October 1794 . Career . She served on the East Indies Station and on 1 October 1795 , under the command of Captain Benjamin William Page . She then carried a detachment of the 52nd Regiment of Foot , commanded by Captain Charles Monson , which took possession of Molletive , Ceylon . Page was formally appointed as her commander in April 1796 , and in December that year she passed to Commander George Astle . Commander James Hills succeeded Astle in December 1797 , and he was in turn succeeded by Commander Volant Vashon Ballard in July 1798 . Commander Charles Elphinstone took over in August 1799 , and commanded " Hobart " until being succeeded by Commander Francis Stratton in June 1800 . In 1801 she was under Lieutenant Robert Evans , at first in an acting capacity , until his promotion to commander in April 1802 . Fate . Having spent her entire naval career in the East Indies , " Hobart " was sold at Bombay on 23 February 1803 .
General der Fallschirmtruppe General der Fallschirmtruppe ( Literally : General of the Paratroopers ) was a General ’ s rank of the German Luftwaffe . The rank was equivalent to the long established " General der Kavallerie " , " General der Artillerie " and " General der Infanterie " . The Wehrmacht also introduced " General der Flieger " ( aviators ) , " General der Pioniere " ( engineers ) , " General der Gebirgstruppe " ( mountain troops ) , " General der Nachrichtentruppe " ( communication troops ) and " General der Panzertruppe " ( armored troops ) .
Victor Bruck Victor Bruck ( 15 July 1916 – 4 February 1998 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .