naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Association of Old Crows The Association of Old Crows is an international professional organization specializing in electronic warfare , tactical information operations , and associated disciplines headquartered in Alexandria , Virginia . This nonprofit organization ' s mission is to " advocate the need for a strong defense capability emphasizing electronic warfare and information operations to government , industry , academia , and the public . " The name " Old Crows " emerged from the first use of electronic warfare in World War II to disrupt Axis communications and radars . Allied equipment and operators were known by the code name " Raven " . Common jargon changed the name to " Crows " and those engaged in the profession became known as " Old Crows " . The organization draws expertise and information from its members , a pool of thousands of individuals including technology specialists and actual military personnel , and is involved in advancing electronic warfare and information - gathering techniques , disseminating information on these topics , and supporting the education of personnel in related scientific matters . It publishes the " Journal of Electronic Defense , " a journal covering international developments in the fields of electronic warfare , signals intelligence , electronic intelligence and communications intelligence .
John Richards ( Royal Marines officer ) Lieutenant - General Sir John Charles Chisholm Richards KCB KCVO ( 21 February 1927 – 5 October 2004 ) was Her Majesty ' s Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1991 . Military career . Educated at Worksop College , Richards joined the Royal Marines in 1945 . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 45 Commando in 1968 , Commander of 42 Commando in 1972 and Commander of 3 Commando Brigade in 1975 before becoming Commandant General Royal Marines in 1977 and retiring in 1981 . In retirement he became Her Majesty ' s Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1991 . Family . In 1953 he married Audrey Hidson ; they had two sons and one daughter .
Battle of Llucmajor The Battle of Llucmajor ( ; ) occurred in 1349 when Peter IV of Aragon ' s forces defeated and killed his cousin James III of Majorca in the town of Llucmajor on the Balearic Islands , resulting in the end of the independent Kingdom of Majorca .
McCoy Reynolds McCoy Reynolds was born September 23 , 1916 in Pippa Passes , Kentucky . Marine Corps career . " Reynolds " enlisted in the U . S . Marine Corps Reserve at Louisville , Kentucky , January 23 , 1942 . Awarded the Silver Star . He was killed in action on Guadalcanal November 25 , 1942 after boldly exposing himself to destroy a Japanese machinegun nest in fighting to defend Henderson Field . " Private Reynolds " was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for the conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity without regard for personal safety . Namesake . McCoy Reynolds ( DE - 440 ) was named in his honor . She was laid down by Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co . , Newark , New Jersey , November 18 , 1943 ; launched February 22 , 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Tilden Reynolds ; and commissioned at Brooklyn Navy Yard May 2 , 1944 , Lt . Comdr . Edwin K . Winn in command .
AAM - 1 ( Japanese missile ) The Mitsubishi AAM - 1 was a Japan ese air - to - air missile developed from the AIM - 9E Sidewinder missile . Approximately 330 were produced between 1969 and 1971 . Its performance characteristics are similar to Sidewinder , but it is slightly shorter and lighter , with a maximum range of just 4 . 3 miles . Improved version with an all - aspect seeker was named AAM - 2 .
Operation Hoover Operation Hoover was a Canadian - led offensive against the Taliban in the Kandahar Province district of Zhari . The aims of the operation were to root out as many as 300 suspected Afghan insurgents who had moved into the villages of the Zhari District . Battle . During the first morning of the operation , Leopard tank s from the Lord Strathcona ' s Horse Regiment entered Zhari , accompanied with pickup truck s filled with Afghan National Army troops . One of the tanks was hit by an improvised explosive device , but no casualties were reported . Shortly afterwards , Cpl . Matthew McCully , a signals operator with the 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group , was killed when he stepped on a landmine . Another Canadian , as well as an Afghan translator , were also wounded in the incident which occurred outside Nalgham village . Master Corporal Rob McGregor , of the Royal Canadian Regiment 2d Battalion , was injured in the operation when he fell and broke his ankle .
HMS Londonderry ( F108 ) HMS " Londonderry " was a " Rothesay " or Type 12 class anti - submarine frigate of the British Royal Navy in service from 1961 to 1984 . Fleet service . In 1960 and 1961 " Londonderry " made cruises in the North Atlantic being assigned to the 8th Frigate Squadron , Home Fleet . Between 1961 and 1964 the frigate was deployed four times to the West Indies , also visiting Argentina . In August 1965 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days . On 31 August 1965 " Londonderry " left Portsmouth for service in the Far East . She returned in 1967 and was modernised until 1969 at Rosyth . The most distinct feature of her modernization were the helicopter deck and hangar aft for a Westland Wasp helicopter . Following her modernization she was sent to Malaysia in 1970 . She also took part in the Beira Patrol and was then sent to the and in the Bahamas where she rescued 148 Cuban refugees . In 1973 she replaced " Yarmouth " in the NATO Standing Naval Force Atlantic . Trials ship . In November 1975 she entered the Rosyth Dockyard to be refitted as a trials ship for Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment . Up to October 1979 " Londonderry " had her armament removed , and extra mast added for he new role as a trials ship . The original propellers were replaced and new , low cavitation propellers were installed . Additional navigational equipment and accommodation was installed to provide berths for both midshipmen from Dartmouth and apprentices from HMS " Caledonia " who were undergoing sea training . In early 1982 , " Londonderry " accompanied " Fearless " on a sea training trip to the West Indies and the United States of America , visiting Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands and New Orleans during the Mardi Gras celebrations . Returning home she was paid off into reserve on 31 March 1982 . Originally she should have been put on the disposal list but due to the Falklands War she became the Dartmouth Training Ship of the 6th Frigate Squadron . From 20 January to 29 March " Londonderry " made her last cruise from Portsmouth for the Dartmouth Training Squadron ' s deployment to West Indies and USA . She then became a Harbour Training Ship attached to the shore base HMS Sultan at Gosport . She remained in this role until 1988 . On 25 June 1989 " Londonderry " was finally sunk as a target off Scotland . During her service " Londonderry " steamed approximately 125 , 500 km , four times crossing the Atlantic and transiting the Panama Canal three times . She visited 50 ports in 35 different countries . Although never deployed in a war the ship ' s guns fired 1 , 232 rounds of 11 . 4 cm ( 4 . 5 in ) ammunition and 442 rounds of 40 mm ammunition .
Tachikawa Ki - 54 The Tachikawa Ki - 54 was a Japanese twin - engine advanced trainer of World War II . History . The Ki - 54 was developed in response to an Imperial Japanese Army requirement for a twin - engine advanced trainer , principally for crew training . The prototype first flew in summer 1940 and , on completing trials , entered production in 1941 as Army Type 1 Advanced Trainer Model A ( Ki - 54a ) . The Ki - 54a was soon followed by the Ki - 54b as Army Type 1 Operations Trainer Model B and Ki - 54c as Army Type 1 Transport Model C . Named Hickory by the Allies , the Ki - 54b and - c enjoyed successful careers until the end of the war .
96th Air Division The 96th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Tenth Air Force , based at Scott Field , Illinois . It was inactivated on 27 June 1949 . As the 96th Bombardment Wing , the unit was one of the primary B - 24 Liberator heavy strategic bombardment wings of the Eighth Air Force 2d Bombardment Division in World War II . Operations . The 96th Bombardment Wing ' s units entered combat in early 1944 , bombing oil refineries , marshaling yards , steel plants , and tank factories plus numerous other assorted targets in the European theater . In September 1944 , some of the units ceased bombardment missions and instead flew gasoline for Army units to airfields in France . Others air - dropped supplies to Allied troops during the airborne attack on Holland that same month . During the Battle of the Bulge , December 1944 through January 1945 , subordinate units of the 97th aided Allied ground forces by bombing German transportation lines . Besides strategic bombardment , they also dropped supplies to Allied troops during the airborne assault across the Rhine River in March 1945 . Returned to the United States in summer , 1945 . Programmed to become a B - 29 Superfortress command wing , however inactivated at the end of the Pacific War . Active in the Reserves from June 1947 to June 1949 , the organization was redesignated as a division in April 1948 .
Josef Bremm Josef Bremm ( 3 May 1914 – 21 October 1998 ) was a German Officer , serving during World War II . He is noted for being the last recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Josef Bremm was born in Mannebach , Vulkaneifel on 3 May 1914 . He joined the military service in the " Wehrmacht " in 1935 and spent two years as a " Unteroffizier " ( sergeant ) in " Infanterie - Regiment " 7 ( 7th infantry regiment ) before he was discharged as an " Unteroffizier " in the military reserve . He was promoted to " Leutnant " of the reserves in 1938 and was listed with " Infanterie - Regiment " 425 ( 425th infantry regiment ) .
Lord John Hay ( Scottish Army officer ) Brigadier - General Lord John Hay ( c . 1668 – 5 August 1706 ) was the second son of John Hay , 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale . He served in the British Army under the Duke of Marlborough . He was colonel of the Scots Greys from 1704 to his death .
USS LST - 332 USS " LST - 332 " was one of 390 tank landing ships ( LSTs ) built for the United States Navy during World War II . " LST - 332 " was laid down on 29 October 1942 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard ; launched on 24 December 1942 ; sponsored by Mrs . G . W . Henderson ; and commissioned on 6 February 1943 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 332 " was assigned to the European theater and participated in the Sicilian occupation ( July 1943 ) , Salerno landings ( September 1943 ) , and Invasion of Normandy ( June 1944 ) . Upon her return to the United States , she was decommissioned on 22 May 1945 for conversion to landing craft repair ship USS " Feronia " ( ARL - 45 ) at the New York Navy Yard . The conversion was canceled 12 September 1945 and the ship reverted to " LST - 332 " ; she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 March 1946 . On 17 October 1946 the tank landing ship was sold to the Suwannee Steamship Company of Charleston , South Carolina for conversion to merchant service . " LST - 332 " earned three battle star s for World War II service .
W58 The W58 was an American thermonuclear warhead used on the Polaris A - 3 submarine - launched ballistic missile . Three W58 warheads were fitted as multiple warheads on each Polaris A - 3 missile . The W58 was in diameter and long , with a basic weight for the warhead of . The yield was 200 kilotons . The W58 design entered service in 1964 and the last models were retired in 1982 with the last Polaris missiles . Researcher Chuck Hansen claims based on his US nuclear program research that the W55 and W58 warheads shared a common Primary or fission first stage , and that this design was nicknamed the Kinglet primary by Hansen in 2001 .
2nd Armoured Brigade ( France ) The 2nd Armoured Brigade ( ) is an armoured brigade of the French Army . It is heir to the honours and traditions of the 2nd Armoured Division commanded by Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque . In 1970 the 2nd Armoured Brigade at Saint - Germain - en - Laye was part of the 8th Armoured Division , headquartered at Compiègne , alongside two mechanised brigades . In 1977 the 2nd Armoured Brigade appears to have been disbanded , and the 2nd Armoured Division reformed . The reorganisation of the French Army in 1999 transformed the 2nd Armoured Division to the 2nd Armoured Brigade . Organization . The brigade consists of 6 regiments with a total of around 6200 personnel .
Julius Saturninus Sextus ( possibly Gaius ) Julius Saturninus ( died 280 ) was a Roman usurper against Emperor Probus . Julius Saturninus was a Gaul by birth ( others have him as a Moor ) and was a friend of Emperor Probus . He was appointed governor of Syria by Probus ( " c . " 279 ) . After Probus had left Syria for the Rhine in 280 , unruly soldiers and the people of Alexandria forced a reluctant Saturninus to accept imperial office . He fled from Alexandria to escape the pressure but changed his mind in Palestine . He proclaimed himself emperor in 280 . Before Probus could respond to the threat , Saturninus was dead , killed by his own troops .
2d Space Operations Squadron The 2d Space Operations Squadron ( 2 SOPS ) is a unit of the United States Air Force at Schriever Air Force Base , Colorado . Its mission is to manage the Navstar Global Positioning System satellite constellation for global navigation , time transfer , and nuclear detonation detection . 2 SOPS is augmented by Reserve personnel from the 19th Space Operations Squadron , part of the 310th Space Wing . Mission . The squadron performs the command and control mission for the Global Positioning System satellite constellation . GPS is the world ' s premiere space - based position , velocity and timing system , capable of providing precision navigation and timing capability simultaneously to an unlimited number of properly equipped users . Continuous GPS availability and unprecedented signal accuracy has resulted in widespread integration of the technology ; numerous military , commercial and international users have embraced GPS . History . 2 SOPS was originally constituted as the 2d Surveillance Squadron ( Sensor ) and activated on 16 January 1962 under North American Air Defense Command ( NORAD ) at Ent Air Force Base . It was then organized on 1 February 1962 under the 9th Aerospace Defense Division , under which it operated SPACETRACK , the USAF globe - spanning space surveillance network , from 1962 through 1967 . The squadron was discontinued and inactivated on 1 January 1967 . It was redesignated the 2d Satellite Control Squadron on 16 July 1985 at Falcon Air Force Station as the first operational squadron of the 2d Space Wing . Activated on 1 October 1985 . 2 SOPS has controlled the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System satellite constellation and managed the Nuclear Detonation System in support of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty since 1987 . On 30 January 1992 , as part of an Air Force reorganization , 2 SCS was redesignated the 2d Space Operations Squadron . On June 18 , 2004 , a 24 / 7 user focal point , the GPSOC , was established . In late 2005 , several National Geospatial - Intelligence Agency monitor stations were integrated into the network to improve navigation accuracy and signal monitoring . 2 SOPS had one geographically separated unit ( GSU ) , Detachment 1 , at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida . It was responsible for maintenance of a GPS Ground Antenna , Monitor Station , and various operational test assets . It is now discontinued , though contractors remained to perform the mission .
German submarine U - 95 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 95 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 16 September 1939 by Germaniawerft at Kiel as ' werk ' 600 and commissioned on 31 August 1940 . In seven patrols , she sank eight ships for a total of 28 , 415 GRT and damaged four other vessels for a total of 27 , 916 GRT . " U - 95 " was sunk by a torpedo from a Dutch submarine on 28 November 1941 in the Mediterranean Sea . Operational career . " U - 95 " was a member of two wolfpack s . 1st patrol . The boat left Kiel for her first patrol on 20 November 1940 . She entered the Northern Atlantic Ocean and damaged the " Ringhorn " on the 28th with her deck gun , having missed with two torpedo es . The merchantman was hit in the funnel and near the bridge , but the action could not be brought to a successful conclusion because of weather conditions . The Germans , believing the ship would sink , left the area but the crew re - boarded her and sailed to Belfast Lough . " U - 95 " also damaged the " Conch " on 2 December . This ship had already been hit by " U - 47 " about west of Bloody Foreland ( Ireland ) . The boat fired four torpedoes , one of which struck the vessel . She was eventually sunk by " U - 99 " . The submarine headed for her new French Atlantic base , arriving at Lorient on 6 December . 2nd patrol . " U - 95 " continued the business of damaging ships when she attacked , but did not sink , the " Walotira " northwest of Rockall on 26 December 1940 . This vessel met her end due to the actions of " U - 99 " on the 27th . 3rd patrol . The boat left Lorient on 16 February 1941 for her third sortie . She sank the " Cape Nelson " and the " Temple Moat " south of Iceland on the 24th . When the " Pacific " went down on 2 March north of Rockall , there was only one survivor . The destruction of the neutral " Murjek " was even more bloody . She went to the bottom with all hands on the 5th . " U - 95 " returned to France , but to St . Nazaire on 19 March . 4th patrol . The boat maintained her success on her fourth patrol , sinking the " Taranger " southwest of Reykavik in Iceland on 3 May 1941 . 5th patrol . For her fifth patrol , " U - 95 " damaged the " Palma " west southwest of Bantry Bay ( Ireland ) on 20 July 1941 . One hit with her deck gun was reported when three rounds had struck their target . 6th patrol . " U - 95 " s only kill on her sixth foray was the " Trinidad " . The relatively small ship was sunk with 37 rounds from the boat ' s deck gun due west of La Rochelle on 6 September 1941 . 7th patrol and loss . The submarine successfully forced the heavily defended Strait of Gibraltar and entered the Mediterranean Sea . She was sunk by a torpedo from the Dutch submarine southwest of Almeria in Spain on 28 November 1941 . 35 men died with the U - boat ; there were 12 survivors .
Dassault Mirage G The Dassault Mirage G was a French two - seat twin - engined variable - geometry prototype fighter , built by Dassault Aviation in the late 1960s . The aircraft was further developed into the twin - engine Mirage G4 and G8 variants as a multi - role jet fighter capable of both interception and nuclear strike missions . Although Dassault built and flew prototypes , the entire programme was terminated in the 1970s without the aircraft entering production . Development . In 1964 the French defence ministry requested a development programme on variable - sweep wing aircraft for dual land and aircraft carrier use . France had participated with the Anglo - French Variable Geometry aircraft ( AFVG ) before abandoning their interest ; later Dassault received an order for a prototype , powered by a single Pratt & Whitney / SNECMA TF - 306 turbofan in October 1965 . The first variable - sweep aircraft from Dassault emerged as the single - engined , two - seat Mirage G fighter in 1967 , essentially a swept wing version of the Mirage F2 . The wings were swept at 22 degrees when fully forward and 70 degrees when fully aft and featured full - span double - slotted trailing edge flaps and two - position leading edge flaps . Flight trials were relatively successful but no production order ensued , the Mirage G programme being cancelled in 1968 . Flying with the Mirage G continued however until 13 January 1971 when the sole prototype was lost in an accident . Variants . Mirage G4 . The basic Mirage G was developed into a twin - engine , two - seat nuclear strike fighter , the Mirage G4 after a separate contract was issued in 1968 for two aircraft to be built . These aircraft were intended to be powered by Snecma M53 turbojets in production . While the aircraft were under construction the requirements changed and the French military requested that the design be converted into a dedicated interceptor . Mirage G8 . Mirage G4 - 01 was redesignated G8 - 01 and remained a two - seat aircraft ( first flight 8 May 1971 ) with the second aircraft , G4 - 02 becoming a single - seat version , G8 - 02 ( first flight 13 July 1972 ) . The G8 variants were equipped with Thomson - CSF radar and a low - altitude navigational - attack system based on that used in the SEPECAT Jaguar and Dassault Milan . As no funding was included for the Mirage G8 in the 1971 - 1976 French defence budget the aircraft did not enter production . Aircraft on display . Dassault Mirage G8 - 01 is on public display at the Musée de l ' Air et de l ' Espace near Paris .
Paul Langkopf Paul Langkopf ( 7 July 1915 – 6 November 1961 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
George M . Shelton George Matthew Shelton ( December 23 , 1877 – January 18 , 1949 ) was a soldier in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine - American War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company I , 23d U . S . Infantry . Place and date : At La Paz , Leyte , Philippine Islands , April 26 , 1900 . Entered service at : Billington , Tex . Birth : Brownwood , Tex . Date of issue : March 10 , 1902 . Citation : Advanced alone under heavy fire of the enemy and rescued a wounded comrade .
Counter Rocket , Artillery , and Mortar Counter Rocket , Artillery , and Mortar , abbreviated C - RAM or Counter - RAM , is a system used to detect and / or destroy incoming artillery , rockets and mortar rounds in the air before they hit their ground targets , or simply provide early warning . C - RAM is effectively a land version of weapons such as the Phalanx CIWS radar controlled rapid - fire gun for close in protection of vessels from missiles . Description . C - RAM is an initiative taken in response to an operational needs statement made by the Multinational Force Iraq ( MNF - I ) . The directive arose in response to the increasing number of casualties caused by attacks using rockets , artillery , and mortars in Iraq . The land - based " Phalanx B " was subsequently deployed in Iraq in the summer of 2004 . It protected the Green Zone and Camp Victory in Baghdad , Joint Base Balad near Balad , Iraq , and was also deployed by the British Army in southern Iraq . Development . Raytheon is developing a laser - based variation where low cost focused lasers will provide increased range and time - to - intercept over the gun . A proof of concept was demonstrated on a 60mm mortar round in 2006 .