naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Banterer - class gunboat The " Banterer " - class gunboat was a class of eleven gunboat s mounting two 6 - inch and two 4 - inch guns , built for the Royal Navy between 1880 and 1882 . Design . The " Banterer " class was designed by Nathaniel Barnaby , the Admiralty Director of Naval Construction . The ships were of composite construction , meaning that the iron keel , frames , stem and stern posts were of iron , while the hull was planked with timber . This had the advantage of allowing the vessels to be coppered , thus keeping marine growth under control , a problem that caused iron - hulled ships to be frequently docked . They were in length and displaced 465 tons . In appearance they were distinguishable from the preceding " Forester " class ( also a Barnaby design ) by their vertical stems . Propulsion . Two - cylinder horizontal compound - expansion steam engines built by Barrow Iron Shipbuilding , Maudslay , Sons and Field or J . and G . Rennie provided 440 indicated horsepower through a single screw , sufficient for . Armament . Ships of the class were armed with two 6 - inch 64 - pounder muzzle - loading rifle s ( a conversion of the smoothbore 32 - pounder 58 cwt gun ) and two 4 - inch 20 - pounder breech loading guns . A pair of machine guns was also fitted .
Homer ' s Fort Homer ' s Fort was a French and Indian War era stockade fort erected by settlers five miles upstream on the Cacapon River from Fort Edwards near present - day Hooks Mills in Hampshire County , West Virginia , United States . Historically , Homer ' s Fort was also referred to as Fort MacKay .
158th Battalion ( The Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) , CEF The 158th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Vancouver , British Columbia , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in that city . After sailing to England in November 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 1st Reserve Battalion on January 6 , 1917 . The 158th ( Duke of Connaughts Own ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . C . Milne . The 158th Battalion is perpetuated by The British Columbia Regiment ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Günther Sitter Günther Sitter was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Sturmbannführer Günther Sitter was awarded the Knights Cross on the 13 September 1943 , while in command of the II . Battalion 10th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Westland " ( 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking ) . He did not survive the war but was killed in an accident on the Eastern Front on the 25 July 1944 .
10th Infantry Division ( Ottoman Empire ) The 10th Division was a regular army formation of the VIII Corps of the Ottoman Army . The division was composed of three infantry regiments the 28th , 29th and 30th . The 4th Battalion Engineers and a battery of 5 . 9 - inch howitzer s .
Valley of Death ( Bydgoszcz ) Valley of Death ( ) in Fordon , Bydgoszcz , northern Poland , is a site of Nazi German mass murder and a mass grave of 5 , 000 – 6 , 600 Poles and Jews murdered in October and November 1939 by the local Germans ( Selbstschutz ) and the Gestapo . The murders were a part of Intelligenzaktion in Pomerania , a Nazi action aimed at the elimination of the Polish intelligentsia in Reichsgau Danzig - West Prussia , which included the former Pomeranian Voivodeship ( " Polish Corridor " ) , at the beginning of World War II . It was part of a larger genocidal action that took place in all German occupied Poland , code - named Operation Tannenberg . History . Victims , mainly Polish intelligentsia : teachers , priests , office worker s , were listed on so called " Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen " ( a list of people destined to be executed , made by Third Reich officials before World War II ) and another list made by Gestapo during the war . The perpetrators were mainly " Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz " - paramilitary formation composed of members of the German minority in pre - war Poland and Einsatzkommando 16 of SS Einsatzgruppen under command of SS - Sturmbannführer dr Rudolf Tröger . Between September 1939 and April 1940 Selbstschutz - together with other Nazi - German formations - murdered tens of thousands of Poles in Pomerania . Established investigations point to Ludolf von Alvensleben and Jakub Löllgen , as the main culprits of mass murder . Other involved in the crimes were : Other Nazi German mass murder sites in Bydgoszcz area are the villages of Tryszczyn and Borówno .
Osceola Air Force Station Osceola Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 35 , NORAD ID : Z - 35 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located south - southeast of Osceola , Wisconsin . It was closed in 1975 . History . In late 1950 Air Defense Command selected the East Farmington , Wisconsin site as one of twenty - eight radar stations built as part of the second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . Construction of the station began in 1950 and was opened in June 1951 . The 674th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was assigned and began operating a pair of AN / CPS - 6 B radars from the site . 261 enlisted and 33 officers were assigned , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . East Farmington was re - designated as Osceola Air Force Station on 1 December 1953 . The radars were retired at the end of the decade as an AN / FPS - 7 search radar and two AN / FPS - 6 A height - finder radars were installed during 1959 . During 1959 Osceola AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , initially feeding data to DC - 10 at Duluth AFS , Minnesota . After joining , the squadron was re - designated as the 674th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 15 July 1959 , its direction and control duties taken over by DC - 10 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 to Duluth where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . On 31 July 1963 , Osceola was re - designated as NORAD ID Z - 35 . In addition , the two height - finder radars were modified to AN / FPS - 90 sets in 1963 . One of the AN / FPS - 90 was retired a few years later . In addition to the main facility , Osceola operated the following AN / FPS - 18 Gap Filler sites : Over the years , the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars . In November 1974 the Air Force announced that Osceola would be closing due to what was called " redundancies with more strategically located radars " . The 674th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) was inactivated in March 1975 as part of a draw - down of ADC , and was closed on 30 April . Today , Osceola Air Force Station is used as an Association Retreat Center . Most of the buildings are in use and well - maintained . The former radar towers are still standing . Air Force units and assignments . Units . Assignments :
Abdallah ibn Abd al - Malik ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al - Malik ibn Marwān ( in Greek sources , " Abdelas " ) was an Umayyad prince , the son of Caliph Abd al - Malik ibn Marwan ( r . 685 – 705 ) , a general and governor of Egypt . Life . Abdallah was born ca . 677 and grew up in the Caliphate ' s capital , Damascus . During his youth he accompanied his father on several campaigns . He led his own campaign for the first time in 700 / 701 , as a retaliation for the attacks of the Byzantine general Heraclius . During this expedition he captured the border fortress of Theodosiopolis and raided into Armenia Minor . In 701 he was sent , along with his uncle , Muhammad ibn Marwan , to Iraq , to aid al - Hajjaj ibn Yusuf in subduing the rebellion of Abd al - Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al - Ash ' ath . In the next year , the Byzantine Armenian provinces east of the Euphrates , recently conquered by Muhammad ibn Marwan , rose in a revolt that spread out over much of Armenia . In 703 , Abdallah conquered Mopsuestia in Cilicia , which he refortified as the Caliphate ' s first major stronghold in the area , and then proceeded to subdue the Armenian revolt along with his uncle Muhammad . In late 704 however he was recalled from Armenia to serve as governor of Egypt , succeeding his uncle Abd al - Aziz ibn Marwan . His tenure was marked by his efforts to assert the caliphal government ' s control over the province at the expense of local elites : he dismissed his uncle ' s appointees and required that government business be done in Arabic instead of Coptic . His tenure was marred by the first famine under Islamic rule and by accusations of corruption and embezzlement of public funds . He was recalled in 708 / 709 and his gains were confiscated by the Caliph . Nothing is known of him thereafter , except for a report in al - Ya ' qubi that he was executed by crucifixion by the first Abbasid Caliph , al - Saffah , at al - Hira in 749 / 750 .
Battle of Guard Hill The Battle of Guard Hill or Battle of Crooked Run took place on August 16 , 1864 , in Warren County , Virginia as part of Philip H . Sheridan ' s Shenandoah Valley Campaign of the American Civil War . According to Pachan , the Union ' s superior numbers and quality leadership routed the Confederate infantry , and the battle proved a watershed event in the Shenandoah Valley campaign . On the morning of August 16 , Confederate troopers scattered the Federal pickets at the Shenandoah River crossing at Front Royal . The troopers pursued them down the Front Royal Pike , eventually coming to Guard Hill , a prominent landmark . There , they were hit by Union Brig . Gen . Thomas C . Devin ' s dismounted cavalry brigade and sustained heavy losses . Confederate Brig . Gen . William T . Wofford ' s brigade attempted a flanking movement by wading across Crooked Run . There , they were attacked by two New York brigades , who took 300 of them captive . Union Brig . Gen . George A . Custer ' s Michigan Brigade rode toward the battle and sustained Devin ' s line along Crooked Run until they were forced to withdraw to Cedarville by Confederate artillery now on Guard Hill .
2nd Mounted Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 2nd Mounted Brigade previously known as the 2 / 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade was a second line yeomanry brigade of the British Army during the First World War . Raised after the declaration of war , it was a mirror formation of the first line 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade . It had under command the 2 / 1st Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry , the 2 / 1st Royal North Devon Yeomanry , and the 2 / 1st West Somerset Yeomanry . All of which were converted in cyclist units in 1916 or 1917 and the brigade , never having seen any active service , ceased to exist .
1830 Volunteers ' Commemorative Cross In 1833 , following the end of the Belgian Revolution , the young kingdom of Belgium created the Iron Cross to recognise wounds received and bravery in battle . The award first class was bestowed to the wounded who elected to stay at their post and keep fighting , to the maimed and mutilated , as well as for acts of courage , the award second class was bestowed to all wounded combatants . In 1835 , due to the discontent of most recipients , the award 2nd class was terminated and all received the first class . Over the years , recipients of the Iron Cross received ever increasing pensions , up to ten years of seniority when employed as civil servants and pensions for the widows and orphans of the deceased . The other combatants of 1830 - 1831 received no pension , and no commemorative medal was struck . These forgotten veterans ' discontent grew over the years to the point of forming the " Federation of Volunteer Combatants of 1830 " which openly and actively lobbied for recognition of their combat actions . It wasn ' t until over forty years later , in 1878 , that King Leopold II signed the decree creating the 1830 Volunteers ' Commemorative Cross . Award statute . The 1830 Volunteers ' Commemorative Cross ( , ) was a Belgian campaign medal established by royal decree on 20 April 1878 and awarded to all members of the Belgian Army and popular militias who served during the 1830 - 1831 Belgian Revolution who had not been awarded the Iron Cross . Award description . The 1830 Volunteers ' Commemorative Cross was a white enamelled Maltese Cross with a gilt Burgundy Cross between its arms and a black enamelled central medallion , two arms converged upwards from between the tips of the upper cross arm to a pivot mounted royal crown . The black enamelled central medallion bore on the obverse the Belgian lion , an heraldic " lion rampant " , the reverse bore the year " 1830 " . The cross was suspended by a ring through a lateral hole in the royal crown ' s orb from a silk moiré ribbon in the national colours of Belgium . The ribbon was black with narrow 2mm red edge stripes bordered by 2mm yellow stripes on the inside .
Anqing Tianzhushan Airport Anqing Tianzhushan Airport ( ) is a dual - use military and civil airport serving the city of Anqing in Anhui Province , China . It is located north of the city . In 1991 the national government approved the conversion of the military Anqing Air Base to a dual - use airport . With an investment of 28 million yuan , the airport was opened to civil flights in December 1993 . In 2005 HNA Group ( parent of Hainan Airlines ) took over the management of the airport and renamed it Anqing Tianzhushan Airport , after the nearby tourist destination Tianzhushan ( Mount Tianzhu ) . New Airport . Due to the limitations of the current dual - use military and civil airport , a new dedicated civil airport is being planned to be built by 2017 .
Frank Hamer ( British Army officer ) Major Frank Hamer Military Cross with Bar ( 25 June 1919 – 2 April 2009 ) was a British Army officer and group personnel director of Cadbury Schweppes . Early life . He was educated at Bolton School and St Catharine ' s College , Cambridge . During The War . Hamer was awarded his first MC at the Second Battle of El Alamein while a lieutenant in the 4th Durham Survey Regiment RA . He was awarded the bar to his MC after the invasion of Sicily while surveying German positions . After The War . Hamer returned to Cambridge and finished off his studies also collecting a Blue for soccer , to go with his freshman Blue in athletics he gained before the war . After his studies he moved to Birmingham taking a job at Cadbury , ending his career as the group personnel director of Cadbury Schweppes .
Physical Training Instructor ( Singapore Armed Forces ) Physical Training Instructor ( " PTI " ) , also known as Fitness Specialist ( " FS " ) is a term used in the Singapore Armed Forces for an instructor in Physical Training . In the armed forces , they are usually specialists who serve with a minimum rank of Third Sergeant . All PTI ' s " pass out " from School of Physical Training where they undergo a vigorous programme of lectures , physical training & close combat tactics . The PTI emblem consists of two crossed swords . All PTI ' s follow their core motto ; " Endure & Excel " .
Archimede - class submarine The Archimede " class were a group of submarines built for the Italian Navy in the early 1930s . The boats fought in the Spanish Civil War ( under nationalist flag ) and in World War II . Under Spanish colors , these boats were known as the General Mola " class , and remained in service until 1959 . Design . The ships were designed by the firm Cavallini and were a partially double hulled design . They were an enlarged version of the with ballast tank s rearranged , greater range , fuel and torpedo capacity for ocean service . Like most of the later ocean - going submarines of the Italian navy , their deck armament consisting of two 100 mm guns was conceived to deal with armed merchantmen in surface combat . That was the case of the " Marcello " class submarine " Capellini " , which between 5 and 14 January 1941 sank the British steamers " Shakespeare " and " Eumaeus " off Cabo Verde after a protracted gunfire action . Another example occurred when the " Brin " - class " Torricelli " faced three British destroyers and a sloop while surfaced in the Red Sea . Before being sunk , the submarine hit the sloop and damaged the destroyer HMS " Khartoum " . " Khartoum " exploded near Perim after a torpedo fault set a fire that reached her magazines later that day . They also mounted two 13 . 2 mm anti - aircraft machine guns . The number of torpedoes was increased from 12 on the " Settembrini " class to 16 . Boats . All boats were built by the shipyard of Franco Tosi at Taranto , between 1930 and 1934 . " Torricelli " and " Archimede " took part of the Spanish Civil war under Italian flag since 1936 , carrying out undercover operations . Eventually both submarines were secretly delivered to the Spanish rebel navy on April 1937 .
Andrew Jackson Gandy Seaman Second Class Andrew Jackson Gandy ( born 20 October 1924 in Chattanooga , Tennessee ) was awarded the Navy Cross during World War II . Awarded the Navy Cross . He enlisted 21 February 1942 ; and gallantly gave his life on board cruiser USS San Francisco ( CA - 38 ) in a heroic gunnery action against Japanese torpedo planes during the Battle of Guadalcanal , 12 – 13 November 1942 . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Namesake . USS Gandy ( DE - 764 ) was named in his honor . The ship was launched 12 December 1943 by the Tampa Shipbuilding Co . , Tampa , Florida ; sponsored by Miss Ruby Gandy , sister of Seaman Gandy ; and , commissioned at Tampa 7 February 1944 .
Frank Evans Frank Edgar Evans ( 19 November 1876 – 25 November 1941 ) served as an infantryman in the Spanish - American War , and was commissioned in the United States Marine Corps on 15 February 1900 . Evans , who was born in Franklin , Pennsylvania , served in the Philippines and in the United States prior to World War I , during which he won the Navy Cross and other awards for the distinction of his service in the Marine Brigade of the American Expeditionary Force in France . His postwar service included duty in Haiti , where from 1927 to 1930 he commanded the Constabulary Detachment and was Chief of the " Gendarmerle d ' Haiti " . Brigadier General Evans also was District Marine Officer of several Naval Districts . Retired 1 December 1940 , he made his home in Honolulu , Hawaii , where he died 25 November 1941 . Namesake . The destroyer USS " Frank E . Evans " ( DD - 754 ) was named in his honor .
Fort de Bois l ' Abbé The Fort de Bois l ' Abbé , or Fort Poniatowski , is part of the fortifications of Épinal , France . It was built near the village of Uxegney between 1883 and 1885 . It is an example of a Séré de Rivières system fortification . It escaped significant alteration in the years prior to World War I and is maintained as a museum . Description . The Fort de Bois l ' Abbé stands to the east of its larger neighbor , the Fort d ' Uxegney , at an altitude of . Its stone construction provides an excellent example of an un - modified Séré de Rivières position . The four - sided fort is somewhat smaller than the Fort d ' Uxegney , with caponier s defending the protective ditch in lieu of the more modern counterscarp s of Uxegney . It was constructed in 1884 - 1885 to watch the road from Domèvre - sur - Axiėre . A program of reinforcement was proposed in 1911 , but never pursued . Original armament comprised four 120mm guns and two 90mm guns , with additional smaller arms . It was upgraded with 75mm anti - aircraft guns in 1915 , while the larger guns had been removed . The fort lost strategic importance as it became clear that its views were obstructed by the Bois de Souche . A number of smaller positions were built in the Bois de Souche in lieu of improving the main fort . These were not completed at the time of mobilization in 1914 . Between 1900 and 1906 infantry shelters of a spiral " queue de cochon " or " pig ' s tail design were installed around the fort . In 1913 - 14 the fort received electricity , fed from the local power grid . The fort served as a central bakery , providing bread to the Fort d ' Uxegney and the Fort de la Grande Haye . History . The Fort de Bois de l ' Abbé saw no action during World War I , as the Germans did not advance into the area around Épinal . Concrete platforms were placed on the surface of the fort for 75mm anti - aircraft guns following the aerial bombardment of Épinal , but the guns were never installed . Between World War I and World War II the fort remained military property and was used as an ammunition depot . During World War II the Germans used Bois l ' Abbé to house occupying forces and continued to use it for ammunition storage . The French army maintained an ammunition depot at the Fort de Bois l ' Abbé until 1960 . It was used after 1960 by private tenants , but was restored by the " " ( ARFUPE ) beginning in 1995 . The fort may be visited on special occasions .
Wojsko kwarciane Wojsko kwarciane ( , " quarter army " ) was the term used for regular army units of Poland ( Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth ) . The term was used from 1562 . " Wojsko kwarciane " was formed from earlier " obrona potoczna " units . The term " quarter " in the name of the army ( ) comes from the way taxes were paid for their upkeep : a quarter of income from the regals lands ( " królewszczyzny " ) was supposed to be used for that purpose . As monarchs usually leased their land to " szlachta " ( or merchants , or Jews ) for short - term benefits , they didn ' t have direct control over cash flow and this often resulted in corruption and delayed payment of military wages . Military commanders ( hetman s ) often had to pay the wages of " wojsko kwarciane " and hired mercenaries from their own purse . Sometimes disgruntled unpaid units formed confederacies ( see konfederacja ) in order to lawfully collect their wages by force . The standing numbers of " wojsko kwarciane " varied by peacetime and wartime . On average during peacetime the army totalled about 2500 cavalry . It was a relatively small army when compared with other contemporary countries , especially considering the Commonwealth ' s huge area . In effect , Commonwealth armies were almost always stretched thin defending its territory from its aggressive neighbours ( Sweden , Russia and Ottoman Empire vassals ) . In 1632 new quarter or royal taxes ( " dupla " ) was created to pay for artillery units . In 1652 " wosko kwarciane " was replaced with wojsko komputowe .
Yang Baibing Yang Baibing ( ; September 1920 – January 15 , 2013 ) was a general in the People ' s Liberation Army . Biography . Yang was born as Yang Shangzheng ( ) in Tongnan , Chongqing in 1920 . He joined the Communist Party of China in March 1938 . In 1960 , he became the vice director of the political department in Chengdu Military Region . He was persecuted in Cultural Revolution , and was imprisoned illegally for a long time . In 1978 , he became the vice director of political department in Beijing Military Region . He was promoted to vice political commissar of Beijing Military Region in 1982 , and political commissar there in 1985 . He was appointed as the director of the General Political Department of PLA in 1987 . He was made general in 1988 . He was the secretary - general in Central Military Commission of CPC , and secretary of central secretariat of CPC . He was a politburo member in the 14th CPC Central Committee . He was a half brother of Yang Shangkun . Yang died in Beijing on January 15 , 2013 .