naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Castillo San Felipe de Barajas The Castillo San Felipe de Barajas is a fortress in the city of Cartagena , Colombia . The castle is located on the Hill of San Lázaro in a strategic location , dominating approaches to the city by land or sea . It was built by the Spanish during the colonial era . Construction began in the year 1536 , and it was originally known as the Castillo de San Lázaro , It was expanded in 1657 . History . The fortress was begun in 1536 . It was significantly expanded in 1657 . It was built in a triangular shape on top of the hill , with eight guns and a garrison of 20 soldiers and 4 gunners . Its name was given in honour of Philip IV of Spain . Another expansion was made to the fortress in 1763 by Antonio de Arévalo . In the 1697 raid on Cartagena , during the War of the Grand Alliance , the castle fell to the French privateer Baron de Pointis . The castle was repaired by José de Herrera y Sotomayor in 1739 . British Admiral Edward Vernon attacked the fortress in the 1741 Battle of Cartagena de Indias , an important conflict of the War of Jenkins ' Ear . Vernon ' s forces were repelled by the Spanish admiral Blas de Lezo . By mid - 1815 a large Spanish expeditionary force under Pablo Morillo had arrived in New Granada . Cartagena fell in December , and by May 1816 the royalists had control of all of New Granada . The castle . The fortification consists of a series of walls , wide at the base and narrow toward the parapet , forming a formidable pattern of bunkers . The batteries and parapets protect one another , so making it practically impossible to take a battery without taking the whole defence system . The stone blocks used to build the castle were said to be splattered with the blood of slaves . Cartagena was a port of the black slave trade . The guns of the castle commanded the whole bay , so that any suspicious vessel attempting to dock could be attacked . The castle is striking for its grand entrance and its complex maze of tunnels . It is the most formidable defensive complex of Spanish military architecture . Status and conservation . The castle is well preserved . When it ceased to be used for military purposes , tropical vegetation covered the battlements and walls , and soil accumulated in the tunnels and trenches . In 1984 , UNESCO listed the castle , with the historic centre of the city of Cartagena , as a World Heritage Site . Since 1990 , the castle has served as a location for social and cultural events offered by the Colombian government in honour of foreign delegations at presidential summits , ministerial meetings , the Summit of the Non - Aligned Movement ( 1995 ) and the Summit of the Rio Group ( 2000 ) , among others . The castle is open to visitors .
Guy Spigelman Guy Spigelman is an Israel Defense Forces spokesperson , originally from Sydney , Australia . Because of his native English skills , he is often seen in the English - language media ( notably on CNN , Fox News and BBC ) . He is also active within Israeli politics , serving as an advisor to Amir Peretz , and running for the Knesset ( Israeli parliament ) with the Ha ' avoda ( Labour ) party in 2006 . Spigelman is a graduate and former federal mazkir of Habonim Dror Australia .
Eastern Frontier Rifles The Eastern Frontier Rifles ( EFR ) are the State Armed Police Force for West Bengal in the West Bengal Police jurisdiction ( i . e . as opposed to the Kolkata jurisdiction ) . They are part of the West Bengal Police . Border Guards Bangladesh are descended from the portion of the Eastern Frontier Rifles given to Pakistan on partition in 1947 . The Eastern Frontier Rifles were founded as the Frontier Protection Force by the East India Company at some point in the second half of the eighteenth century , and have had their current title since 1920 . The Eastern Frontier Rifles fought in the Second World War , and , as the Bengal Military Police , in the First World War . In 1947 , when India and Pakistan became independent , the force was split between the Indian state of West Bengal , and Pakistan . The Pakistani part became the East Pakistan Rifles , which became the Bangladesh Rifles when Bangladesh became independent , and Border Guards Bangladesh in 2010 . The West Bengal part retained its title of Eastern Frontier Rifles . Recent events . Many contingents of EFR are kept deployed in various disturbed areas of the state . However , in recent years the force has used for day - to - day law & order duties . The headquarter of EFR at Salua , near Kharagpur . Like the armed police forces of many states , the EFR are currently challenged with the naxalite insurgency . In February 2010 an EFR camp called Silda was attacked and burnt down by maoist rebels , resulting in 24 riflemen killed out of a detachment of about fifty . This resulted in condemnation of the state government by the EFR Special Inspector General , Benoy Chakraborty , who claimed his force was " mis - used " and " ill - treated " . Morale in the force is believed to be low .
New Zealand Cross ( 1869 ) The New Zealand Cross was introduced in 1869 during the Land Wars in New Zealand . The wars were fought between natives of New Zealand , the Māori , and forces raised by European settlers known as Pākehā assisted by British troops . Many acts of bravery , gallantry and devotion to duty were recorded among the local militia , armed constabulary and volunteers , but there was one militia Victoria Cross awarded to Charles Heaphy in 1867 for action in 1864 . On 10 March 1869 , without checking the facts and under the mistaken impression colonial troops were not eligible for the Victoria Cross unless under command of British troops , the Governor of New Zealand , Sir George Bowen , instituted the New Zealand Cross as the highest New Zealand award . He was widely criticised in England , and accused of usurping the prerogative of Queen Victoria , but she eventually ratified his action . Only 23 New Zealand Crosses were awarded with first six published in the New Zealand Gazette in 1869 . There was one award gazetted in 1870 and the remaining 16 awarde gazetted between 1875 and 1910 , from six to 44 years after the actions commended . It has the form of a silver cross pattée with a gold star on each arm . The words New Zealand , in gold , are encircled by a laurel wreath in the centre . The cross is surmounted by a gold crown . A crimson ribbon passes through a silver bar with small gold laurel leaves . Recipients . Recipients of the original New Zealand Cross were : One colonial soldier , Major Charles Heaphy was awarded the VC for his actions in 1864 , when he was commanding British troops . See List of New Zealander Victoria Cross recipients and New Zealand Land Wars Victoria Cross recipients . 1999 Medal . In 1999 , the New Zealand Cross was re - instituted . The Royal Warrant of 20 September 1999 created four awards for bravery and four for gallantry . The new New Zealand Cross for Bravery is similar to the 1869 medal with some amendments . The Crown is now the current St Edward ' s Crown instead of a Victorian Crown , and New Zealand fern fronds replace laurel leaves . The ribbon is bright blue , a colour traditionally associated with bravery awards . There is also a new Victoria Cross for New Zealand for Gallantry , which has the same crimson ribbon and is made to the same design and of the same gunmetal as the British VC . References . " The Queen ' s Heroes : Victoria & New Zealand Crosses " by Murray Moorhead ( 2005 , Zenith , New Plymouth ) ISBN 1 - 877365 - 23 - 8
Avro 531 Spider The Avro 531 Spider was a British fighter aircraft built by Avro during the First World War . It did not proceed past the prototype stage . Design and development . The Spider was a sesquiplane with a largely conventional configuration , but it used Warren truss - type interplane struts , hence the appellation " Spider " . In tests , the aircraft demonstrated exceptional performance , handling , and pilot visibility . By the time it flew , the War Office had already selected the Sopwith Snipe for mass production . A second , refined version , the " 531A " was apparently never completed , but some of its components seem to have been used to build a derivative design , the " 538 " . This had standard interplane struts and was intended as a racing aircraft . It was never used for this purpose , however , since it was discovered that it had a faulty wing spar , so the Avro firm used it as a hack instead from May 1919 to September 1920 .
Battle of Bazaleti The Battle of Bazaleti ( , " bazalet ’ is brdzola " ) was fought between the two rival Georgian parties centered respectively on Teimuraz I of Kakheti and his defiant noble Giorgi Saakadze in the fall of 1626 . The battle was a culmination of the power struggle that evolved after the Georgian nobles rallied behind Teimuraz and Saakadze and recovered much of eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti from the Iranian occupation . Shah Abbas I of Iran used the rivalry between Teimuraz and Saakadze to divide the Georgians into two opposing parties and to punish Saakadze who had formerly fought under the Iranian ranks . The battle took place at the Bazaleti Lake in eastern Georgia , some 60 km northwest of Tbilisi . In a pitched battle , Saakadze ’ s backup man , Davit ’ Gogrishvili , was killed and his demoralized forces were routed by the royal army . Saakadze fled to the Ottoman Empire where he was assassinated in 1629 after serving a brief but successful military career under Sultan Ibrahim I .
Herbert Dawedeit Herbert Dawedeit ( 30 May 1914 – 3 August 1999 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
United States Army Logistics Branch The officer - only Logistics branch was introduced as part of the creation of a Logistics Corps encompassing the three long - established functional logistics branches of Quartermaster , Ordnance , and Transportation . Established on 1 January 2008 , all Active , Reserve , and National Guard Ordnance , Quartermaster and Transportation Corps officers who had completed the Combined Logistics Captains Career Course ( CLC3 ) or earlier versions of an advanced logistics officers course were transferred to the new branch . This move changed the Functional Area 90 ( multifunctional logistician ) program into an Army basic branch . Logistics officers maintain their regimental affiliation s with their prior ( secondary specialty ) branches . This move did not affect enlisted soldiers or warrant officers . Additionally , second lieutenants continue to accession into the historical Ordnance , Transportation , or Quartermaster Officer branches , where they remain until they complete CLC3 or a Reserve Components Captains Career Course . Motto and Creed . " I am an American Soldier and a logistician . " " I am the heir of Quartermaster , Ordnance , and Transportation Soldiers who have served our Nation in war and peace since 1775 . " " I provide the Nation ’ s warfighters of all services what they need , when they need it , where they need it . " " I anticipate the warfighter ’ s need for sustainment in all situations , at all times , under all conditions . " " I integrate logistics into the commander ’ s plans and decisions . " " I ensure continuity of support to sustain the momentum of the force . " " I respond rapidly to the ever - changing needs of the warfighter . " " I improvise to sustain the force with innovation and ingenuity . " " I live by the Army values and the Soldier ’ s Creed . " " I lead by example . " " I am true to the motto of the Logistics Corps , " Sustinendum Victoriam " — " Sustaining Victory ! " "
Étoile ( A 649 ) The Étoile ( " star " ) is a French naval schooner used as a training vessel . She was launched on 8 February 1932 . She is a replica of a type of fishing vessel which was used until 1935 off Iceland . She has a sister ship , the " Belle Poule " . Both the " Étoile " and the " Belle Poule " joined the Free French Forces during the Second World War , a deed for which they are still honoured by flying the French flag with the cross of Lorraine .
Franz Gapp Franz Gapp ( born 8 July 1919 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Gapp completed 400 missions in the Ju - 88 fighter - bomber in IV . / LG - 1 , III . / KG ( J ) - 6 and ended up flying the Me - 262 , scoring several aerial victories over B - 24s and downed one P - 38 Lightning
USS Annabelle ( SP - 1206 ) USS " Annabelle " ( SP - 1206 ) , also spelled Anna Belle , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Annabelle " was built in 1898 as a private motorboat of the same name by John Archie . On 15 June 1917 , the U . S . Navy chartered her from her owner , Mr . W . J . Mathewes of Chincoteague , Virginia , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Annabelle " or " Anna Belle " ( SP - 1206 ) on 16 August 1917 . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Annabelle " served on section patrol duties in the Norfolk , Virginia - Hampton Roads area until returned to Matthewes on 20 December 1918 .
Drew Robertson Vice - Admiral Drew W . Robertson CMM , MSM , CD is a retired officer of the Canadian Forces . He was Chief of the Maritime Staff from 2006 to 2009 . Career . Robertson joined the Canadian Forces in 1973 . He became commander of the destroyer HMCS " Annapolis " in 1995 and of the destroyer HMCS " Athabaskan " in 1999 before commanding the First Canadian Task Group during the Operation Apollo anti - terrorism deployment in 2001 . He went on to be Director General of international security policy at National Defence Headquarters in 2003 and Chief of the Maritime Staff in 2006 before retiring in 2009 .
USS Keokuk ( YTB - 771 ) USS " Keokuk " ( YTB - 771 ) is a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Keokuk , Iowa , and the third navy ship to carry the name . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Keokuk " was awarded 18 January 1963 . She was laid down down on 5 December 1963 at Mobile , Alabama , by Mobile Ship Repair and launched 21 May 1964 . Placed in service 4 September 1964 , Chief Boatswain ' s Mate Jerry R . Richter in command . Operational history . " Keokuk " served in the Norfolk , Virginia , area as a tug and is currently in active service at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard .
Alejandro Castro Espín Alejandro Castro Espín ( born July 29 , 1965 in Havana ) is a Cuban political and military figure . He has the rank of colonel in the Interior Ministry of Cuba . He is the only son of Raúl Castro , the current president of Cuba , and Vilma Espín , one of the main leaders of the Cuban Revolution ; he is thus a nephew of Fidel Castro . Biography . Alejandro is the only son of the marriage between Raúl Castro and Vilma Espin ( 1930 – 2007 ) , and brother of Deborah , Mariela and Nilsa . His sister Mariela is one of the country ' s most prominent sexologists , and also director of the National Center for Sex Education in Cuba . He participated in the Cuban contingent sent by his government to the Angolan Civil War , and although he did not fight on the front line , he lost an eye in an accident in Luanda . This injury earned him the nickname " The One - Eyed " ( ) among Cuban dissidents . Alejandro Castro is an engineer and has a master ' s degree in international relations . He has also been highlighted as a researcher on issues related to defense and national security . Since his father , Raúl Castro , came to power , Alejandro has become personal assistant to the president and been involved in various political events and official visits , which has increased speculation about the possibility that he is Castro ' s successor as head of the Cuban regime . He regularly writes articles in the Cuban press , and in 2009 he presented his first book , " El Imperio del Terror " ( ) , published by the publishing house of the Cuban Interior Ministry , which explains his particular vision of the United States ' interests of power in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries .
Hotchkiss Ordnance Company The Hotchkiss Ordnance Company was an English armaments manufacturer founded by American ordnance engineer Benjamin B . Hotchkiss . History . In the 1850s , Hotchkiss was employed as a gunsmith in Hartford , working on Colt revolvers and Winchester rifle s . He went to France in 1867 and organized Hotchkiss & Co . in 1875 , setting up offices in Paris and manufacturing facilities in Saint - Denis . This company enjoyed success and the confidence of French authorities , receiving large governmental orders and was allowed to export arms to other countries . In 1884 , Hotchkiss and William Armstrong & Co . of England agreed to manufacture Hotchkiss guns at the Elswick works . Hotchkiss died in 1885 and in 1887 , the affairs of both companies were placed under the French corporation and renamed respectively , the Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Cie of France and the Hotchkiss Ordnance Company , Ltd . in England .
199th Battalion Duchess of Connaught ' s Own Irish Rangers , CEF The 199th ( Duchess of Connaught ' s Own Irish Rangers ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . History . The Battalion was founded by the Canadian armed forces to improve their recruitment success by having an all Irish regiment . They were also called the " Duchess of Connaught ' s Own Irish Rangers , " as a tribute to Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia , who funded the battalion . Based in Montreal , Quebec , the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915 / 16 in that city . After sailing to England in December 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion , CEF on May 11 , 1917 . The 199th ( Duchess of Connaught ' s Own Irish Rangers ) Battalion , CEF had two Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . H . J . Trihey ( December 26 , 1916 — January 10 , 1917 ) and Lieut - Col . J . V . O ' Donahoe ( January 10 , 1917 — April 11 , 1917 ) .
Cook – Craigie plan The Cook – Craigie plan is an approach to the development process of civil and military aircraft that can dramatically reduce the time needed to bring a new design into service . In the late 1940s , USAF Major Generals Laurence C . Craigie , deputy chief of staff for development , and Orval R . Cook , deputy chief of staff for materiel , proposed that new designs should move directly into the production phase without the construction of prototypes . Since then , this approach has been used in an increasing number of aviation projects . Traditional aircraft design follows a time - honored formula . After the blueprints are drawn up , a small series of prototype aircraft are constructed in order to test the concept . Data from the flight tests influences the revisions that are made to the design . If these changes are wide ranging and / or significant , more prototypes will need to be built . Once the prototype cycle is complete , the development can enter the " pre - production " stage and further evaluation . Once this stage is completed satisfactorily , series production can begin . The Cook – Craigie plan promoted the elimination of the entire prototype cycle and entering straight into the pre - production stage . If these examples flew as expected , production could start immediately . The plan required considerable confidence in the design from the outset ; if the design had an inherent flaw , the jigs used during pre - production would have to be replaced . The plan seems inherently more risky than the traditional prototype cycle , but Cook and Craigie pointed out that for the advanced designs that were entering service in the late 1940s , any prototype was likely to be so different from the production variant that any data collected could be entirely misleading . Moreover , since several aircraft designs are typically ordered for competitive testing , the chance that all of the designs would fail is extremely low , and if even one design passes testing , it can immediately enter production . One of the first designs to use the plan was the F - 102 Delta Dagger . Although this design had a number of new features , it was based to a large degree on the earlier XF - 92 prototype , and thus considered to be a fairly " well understood " design . This confidence proved to be misplaced , as the F - 102 underwent a lengthy series of upgrades , and was eventually replaced in service by a re - designed version , the F - 106 Delta Dart . A positive example of the Cook – Craigie method is the development of the Avro Arrow , which passed through the testing phase with few required changes . As the potential of computer - aided design has increased since the 1950s , aircraft designs have generally performed much closer to their original goals . For example , the production specification of the Boeing 777 was within 20 lb of its predicted weight . Today the Cook – Craigie plan is so common that it no longer even has a name .
Emil Eitel Emil Eitel ( 6 June 1915 – 14 September 1944 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Emil Eitel was killed on 14 September 1944 near Riga , Latvia during the Riga Offensive ( 1944 ) .
Fort Yamhill Fort Yamhill was an American military fortification in what became the state of Oregon . Built in 1856 in the Oregon Territory , it remained an active post until 1866 . The Army outpost was used to provide a presence next to the Grand Ronde Agency Coastal Reservation . Several officers stationed at the United States Army post prior to the American Civil War would later serve as generals in that war . Construction . Built in Polk County , Oregon , the outpost consisted of a wooden blockhouse , sentry box , barracks , officers ’ quarters , carpenter ' s shop , hospital , cook houses , blacksmith shop , tables , barn , sutler ’ s store , and laundress quarters . The wood blockhouse was built to provide a refuge to settlers of the area in case of attack by the Native Americans . After the fort was abandoned the block house was moved from the hill it was positioned on and served as a jail in the Valley Junction area , and later moved about east to Dayton . Total cost to build the fort was $ 36 , 053 . The post ’ s first troops were under the command of William Babcock Hazen . This garrison consisted of 76 men under three officers , but was reduced in 1858 to two officers and 33 enlisted men . Notable people . Company D of the Fourth California Infantry took over at the fort on November 11 , 1861 under the command of Lyman S . Scott . They replaced the Ninth Infantry that was commanded by 1st Lieutenant Philip A . Owen . For a time between September 1863 and October 1864 the post was under the command of 2nd Lieutenant James Davison . The fort today . The blockhouse of the fort was moved to a park in downtown Dayton in 1911 to honor city founder Joel Palmer . The actual site of the fort grounds , which is in the Willamina vicinity , has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971 . The address of the site is withheld , however the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department runs the undeveloped Fort Yamhill State Heritage Area in partnership with Polk County and the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde . As there are no remaining buildings at the fort grounds , the parks department plans to reconstruct some of the fort buildings , including a new blockhouse . In 2005 and 2013 , Fort Yamhill served as the site for the Oregon State University historical archaeology field school . Students work to uncover the foundations of Fort - era buildings .