naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Eric Archibald McNair Eric Archibald McNair VC ( 16 June 1894 – 12 August 1918 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was educated at Charterhouse School from 1907 – 1913 , where he was Head of the School . He was 21 years old , and a Temporary Lieutenant in the 9th ( S ) Battalion , Royal Sussex Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 14 February 1916 near Hooge , Belgium , when the enemy exploded a mine , Lieutenant McNair and a number of men were flung into the air and many were buried . Although much shaken , the lieutenant at once organised a party with a machine - gun to man the near edge of the crater and opened rapid fire on the enemy who were advancing . They were driven back with many dead . Lieutenant McNair then ran back for reinforcements , but the communication trench being blocked he went across the open under heavy fire and held up the reinforcements the same way . His prompt and plucky action undoubtedly saved a critical situation . He later achieved the rank of Captain . He died of chronic dysentery at the base hospital in Genoa , Italy , on 12 August 1918 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Eastbourne Redoubt Museum , Eastbourne , Sussex , England .
Fynske Livregiment Fynske Livregiment ( " Funen Life Regiment " ) was a Danish Army infantry regiment . On 1 November 1991 it was merged , together with Kongens Jydske Fodregiment , into Slesvigske Fodregiment . History . It was one of the oldest regiments in the Danish army and can trace its history back to 1614 when it was raised under the name " Fynske Fenle Knægte af Jydske Regiment Landsfolk " . The Regiment has participated in all Danish wars since 1625 , including Torstenson War ( 1643 – 1645 ) Northern Wars ( 1658 – 1660 ) , Scanian War ( 1675 – 1679 ) , Great Northern War ( 1700 ) , Great Northern War ( 1709 – 1720 ) , Slaget på Reden ( 1801 ) , Gunboat War ( 1807 – 1814 ) , First Schleswig War ( 1848 – 1850 ) and Second Schleswig War ( 1864 ) . It was furthermore in foreign war service during 1689 – 1714 . The regimental flag has the battle honours Lutter am Barenberg 1626 , Wismar 1675 , Christianstad 1677 – 78 , Stralsund 1715 , Dybbøl 1848 , Isted 1850 and Dybbøl 1864 .
Aeromarine PG - 1 The Aeromarine PG - 1 was a single - seat Pursuit and Ground Attack ( PG ) biplane developed by the Engineering Division of the United States Army and manufactured by the Aeromarine Plane and Motor Co . . Development and design . The PG - 1 was intended to fulfill both ground strafing and aerial defense roles , the contract for construction was won by Aeromarine in May 1921 . Armed with a single 0 . 5 in ( 12 . 7 mm ) machine gun as well as a 37 mm Baldwin cannon firing through the propeller hub ; the cockpit had ¼ - in ( 6 . 3 mm ) armour . The wings were dissimilar , with a wide - chord upper wing with ailerons , and a closely spaced narrow - chord lower plane with dihedral that placed the tips close to the upper wing . The upper wing was mounted close to the top of the fuselage with a cut - away forward section to accommodate the cockpit , and attached to the lower plane " via " V - type struts . Power was to have been provided by the eight - cylinder , water - cooled 330 hp Wright K - 2 engine but the first two prototypes were fitted with 346 hp Packard 1A - 1116 units due to delays in clearing the K - 2 for flight testing . A third prototype was also built and testing was eventually carried out using both the K - 2 and Packard ' s 1A - 1237 at McCook Field . Prototype aircraft suffered disappointing performance , high levels of vibration and poor visibility . The aircraft had a tendency to spin when stalled . Development was abandoned in 1922 .
James Mann ( curator ) Sir James Gow Mann KCVO , MA ( 23 September 1897 - 5 December 1962 ) was an eminent figure in the art world in the mid twentieth century , specialising in the study of armour . He was educated at Winchester College and New College , Oxford and served in the World War I from 1916 to 1919 with the Royal Artillery . He was Assistant - Keeper of the Department of Fine Art at the Ashmolean and then Reader in the History of Art at the University of London before becoming Director of the Wallace Collection in 1936 . He was Master of the Armouries at The Tower of London from 1939 and Surveyor of the Queen ’ s Works of Art from 1952 ; and held both posts until his death .
USS Columbine ( 1862 ) USS " Columbine " ( 1862 ) was a side - wheel steamer originally built as a tugboat . The vessel was built in New York City in 1850 as " A . H . Schultz " , purchased by the Navy on 12 December 1862 , outfitted by Howe & Cope - \ land , New York City , and placed under the command of Acting Master J . S . Dennis . Assigned to the South Atlantic Blockade . " Columbine " patrolled with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Port Royal , South Carolina , from 6 January 1863 – 14 February 1864 , when she arrived at Jacksonville , Florida . From 9 – 12 March , she participated in an expedition up the St . Johns River and Ocklawaha Rivers during which she took one prize . Battle of Horse Landing . After learning from Confederate spy Lola Sánchez , that on 21 May , the Union forces planned a surprise attack on the Confederates while they slept and with the intention of proceeding towards St . Augustine to " liberate " supplies for the Union army . Captain John Jackson Dickison , commander of Confederate forces of the 2nd Florida Cavalry , and his men crossed the St . Johns River that night and set a trap with an artillery piece from the Milton Light Artillery . " Columbine " captured by Confederate cavalry and burned . On the morning of 22 May , the Union forces plans were foiled when they were ambushed upon their arrival . The skirmish which followed , officially known as the " Battle of Horse Landing " , occurred south of St . Augustine . Union Colonel William H . Noble , commander of the 17th Connecticut Infantry , was wounded in the ambush and taken prisoner . After the rudder was damaged and a steam pipe wrecked , " Columbine " could no longer be steered . She ran aground after 45 minutes of fighting , and Acting Ensign Frank Sandborn went ashore and surrendered the ship to Captain John Jackson Dickison . One landsman on the " Columbine " and three Negro seamen jumped off the boat , swam ashore , and marched some five days finally arriving at St . Augustine , Florida . " Columbine " was subsequently burned so that she would not be re - captured by , which was only about five miles upstream . More than half of " Columbine " s crew were wounded in the fighting . Official records of " Columbine " indicate that only one seaman was killed . The remaining seamen were eventually transferred to Andersonville , Georgia Prison ; the officers being sent to Macon , Georgia . Aftermath . The destruction of " Columbine " was one of the few instances in which a Union warship was destroyed by land - based forces during the Civil War in Florida . During the spring of 1864 , the Confederates managed to sink four other Union ships in the St . Johns River with the use of a new weapon : the underwater mine . The wreck has only recently been discovered and a marker was placed on the site where Dickison and his men captured the " USS Columbine by the Florida Confederation For The Preservation Of Historic Sites , Inc .
Operation Épaulard I Operation Épaulard 1 ( Operation Orca 1 ) was a military operation undertaken on the behalf of the French Foreign Legion to land soldiers in Beirut , Lebanon on August 21 , 1982 during the Lebanese Civil War . They were part of the Multinational Force in Lebanon , a multinational force including Italy and the United States , which aimed to intervene in the widening conflict in Lebanon and protect French assets and civilians .
Laugharne Castle Laugharne Castle ( Welsh : ' Castell Talacharn ' ) is a castle in the town of Laugharne in southern Carmarthenshire , Wales . It is located on the estuary of the River Tâf . History . The original castle was established by 1116 as the castle of Robert Courtemain , who is recorded to have entrusted its care to the Welshman Bleddyn ap Cedifor . The castle also was the meeting place of Henry II of England with Rhys ap Gruffudd in 1171 - 1172 , were they agreed a treaty of peace . When Henry II of England died in 1189 the castle along with St Clears and llansteffan were seized by Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth in 1189 , Laugharne Castle may have been burnt down at this time . The Castle was rebuilt by the Normans and in 1215 was captured by Llywelyn the Great in his campaign across South Wales . By 1247 Laugharne was granted to the de Brian family . In 1257 Guy De Brian was captured at Laugharne Castle by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and the castle destroyed . It was in Laugharne in 1403 that Glyndwr ' s rebellion stalled . Perhaps lulled into complacency , he was tricked by an ambush and lost 700 men . When a local soothsayer then warned him to leave the area or be captured , he retreated . After this the rebellion petered out under the weight of greater English numbers , and by 1415 , Owain Glyndwr had disappeared , fading into myth . In 1584 , Elizabeth I granted Laugharne to Sir John Parrott , said to have been the illegitimate son of Henry VIII . During the Civil War , Laugharne was captured by Royalists in 1644 , the Parliamentary forces of Major - General Rowland Laugharne attacked the castle in 1644 . After a weeklong siege in which much of the castle was damaged by cannon fire , the Royalist garrison finally surrendered . The castle was slighted to prevent any further use . It was left as a romantic ruin during the 18th century , and around the start of the 19th century the outer ward was laid with formal gardens . The gazebo overlooking the estuary was used in the 1930s and 40s by the author Richard Hughes , who leased Castle House during this period . Laugharne has also inspired two great modern writers , who worked in the garden gazebo overlooking the river . Richard Hughes wrote his novel " In Hazard " here , and Dylan Thomas , Laugharne ' s most famous resident , worked in the castle on its " Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog " .
49th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 49th Reserve Division ( " 49 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in September 1914 and organized over the next month , arriving in the line in mid - October . It was part of the first wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I , which were numbered the 43rd through 54th Reserve Divisions . The division was initially part of XXV Reserve Corps . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was initially recruited in the V Army Corps area , which covered the Prussian Province of Posen and much of Lower Silesia in the Province of Silesia , and later received many replacements from the IV Army Corps area , which covered the Prussian Province of Saxony , the Duchy of Anhalt , and several of the Thuringian states . Combat chronicle . The 49th Reserve Division initially fought on the Eastern Front , entering the line in mid - October . It fought in the Battle of Łódź in November – December 1914 and then spent most of the period until mid - 1915 fighting along the Rawka and Bzura Rivers . In July and August 1915 it fought in the Battle of Warsaw and then participated in the follow - on engagements as German forces drove the Russians back to a line along the Shchara and Servech Rivers . The division remained on the Shchara / Servech line until August 1916 . The division then fought in various parts of the line , including in the Carpathians , until January 1917 , when it was transferred to the Western Front . In 1917 , it fought in the Battle of Arras , the Battle of Passchendaele , and the tank battle of Cambrai . It remained in the line in the Flanders region until the end of the war . In 1917 , Allied intelligence assessed the division as a good division . In 1918 it was rated second class . Order of battle on formation . The 49th Reserve Division was initially organized as a square division , with essentially the same organization as the reserve divisions formed on mobilization . The order of battle of the 49th Reserve Division on September 10 , 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on August 22 , 1918 . The 49th Reserve Division was triangularized in June 1915 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and the enlargement of combat engineer support to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on August 22 , 1918 was as follows :
Copehill Down Copehill Down is a UK Ministry of Defence training facility located on Salisbury Plain , Wiltshire , England . It is a ' FIBUA ' ( Fighting In Built Up Areas ) urban warfare and Close quarters battle training centre where exercises and tests are conducted . It is located at Ordnance Survey map grid reference . The Village was built in 1988 to resemble a German village in Bavaria , to provide troops with a simulated backdrop when training for operations in European theatres including the Cold War , the Balkans and Northern Ireland . In recent years the facility has been expanded to include a Shanty Town made up of cargo containers stacked and laid out in rows of tightly packed streets , to provide an additional training area that more closely resembles the Army ' s current operational theatres in Operation Herrick and Operation Telic . Non combat access to Copehill Down is generally restricted , however the facility has been used for regular airsoft wargaming by certain British airsoft event organizers and Historical Reenactment societies , which take part in Private Reenactment Battles .
B46 nuclear bomb The B46 nuclear bomb ( or Mk - 46 ) was a tested but never deployed American high - yield thermonuclear bomb which was designed and tested in the late 1950s . Though originally intended to be a production design , the B46 ended up being only an intermediate prototype which was test fired several times . These prototypes were known as TX - 46 units ( Test / Experimental ) . The B46 design roughly weighed 8 , 120 pounds and was about 37 inches in diameter . It was intended to have a 9 megaton yield . The design history of the B46 apparently derives most immediately from the older , larger Mark 21 nuclear bomb design , which was a design derivative of the Shrimp design which was the first US solid fueled thermonuclear bomb test fired in the Castle Bravo test . The B46 was test fired in Operation Hardtack I in 1958 ; the fission primary ( see Teller - Ulam design ) was test fired by itself in Hardtack Butternut with 81 kiloton estimated yield , the full weapon test fired in Hardtack Yellowwood and fizzled with only 330 kiloton yield , and was fired again in Hardtack Oak to full 8 . 9 megaton yield . The B46 design concepts were taken forwards into a new weapon design in 1959 , the TX - 53 , which was redesignated the B53 nuclear bomb and W53 warhead . 50 B53 bombs were in US inactive reserves from 1997 to 2011 , though none were actively deployed during that period .
Thomas J . Brady Thomas Jefferson Brady ( February 12 , 1839 – April 22 , 1904 ) was an American Civil War General and politician . Early life . Brady was born in Muncie , Indiana in 1839 , the son of John Brady , the first mayor of Muncie , and his wife , Mary Wright Brady . After graduating from Asbury College ( now DePauw University ) , Brady taught school for several years before studying law and being admitted to the bar in 1860 . At the outbreak of the Civil War , he joined the Union Army as a captain in the 8th Indiana Infantry Regiment . Brady served with that regiment until 1863 , when he was promoted to colonel of the 140th Indiana Infantry Regiment . He was promoted to brevet brigadier general just before the end of the war , in March 1865 , in recognition of his " long and meritorious service . " During the war , in 1864 , Brady was married to Emeline Wolfe . They would have three children : Arthur , Elizabeth , and Winfield . Political career . After the war , Brady resumed his law practice in Muncie , forming a partnership with Arthur C . Mellette . Brady also purchased the Muncie Weekly Times in 1868 . In 1870 , he was appointed consul to St . Thomas , then a part of the Danish Virgin Islands , where he served until 1875 . He was appointed commissioner of internal revenue for Ohio and Indiana that year . The following year , President Ulysses S . Grant appointed Brady second assistant postmaster - general . In his position with the postal service , Brady became embroiled in the star route scandal . Brady was alleged to have illegally profited in a scheme in which postal officials received bribes in exchange for awarding postal delivery contracts in southern and western areas . President Rutherford B . Hayes sustained Brady in office , but he resigned in 1881 . Brady was indicted for conspiracy to defraud the government in 1882 . A jury found him guilty , but the judge set aside the verdict . At a second trial the following year , Brady and his co - defendants were found not guilty . Brady moved to Jersey City , New Jersey , where his son , Arthur , was president of the Union Traction Company . He died there in 1904 .
Ramón Núñez - Juárez Private First Class Ramón Núñez - Juárez ( May 25 , 1931 – August 9 , 1952 ) was a United States Marine who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross , second highest military award of the United States of America after the Medal of Honor . He was the only Puerto Rican member of the United States Marine Corps whose remains have never been recovered and who was listed as Missing in Action during the Korean War . Early years . Núñez - Juárez was born in San Sebastián , Puerto Rico where he received his primary and secondary education . In 1952 , Núñez - Juárez was inducted into the Marines in San Juan , the island ' s capital and reported to Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island , South Carolina . After he graduated from his basic training , he was sent to Camp Lejeune in North Carolina where he underwent advanced training before being sent to Korea . He was assigned as an automatic rifleman to Company E of the 2nd Battalion , 1st Marines ( 2 / 1 ) , 1st Marine Division . Korean War . The 1st Marine Division was stationed in the eastern part of Korea when in early spring of 1952 it was ordered to move to defend the western sector . The sector , which was long and stretched all the way to the Samichon River , was a section of the 8th Army ' s Main Line of Resistance ( MLR ) known as the Jamestown Line . On August 8 , 1952 , E Company , 2 / 1 , began taking incoming mortar and artillery rounds from the Communist Chinese Army ' s 63rd and 65th armies . A company - size Chinese Communist Force ( CCF ) struck Outpost Siberia , which was manned by PFC Ramón Núñez - Juárez and a squad of 15 men . Núñez - Juárez and the other the riflemen fought off the enemy for nearly half an hour before withdrawing from their position . Núñez - Juárez , manning a Browning Automatic Rifle ( BAR ) , was able to halt the enemy ' s advance long enough for the remainder of his squad to escape . Núñez - Juárez was struck by enemy gunfire and died as a result of his wounds . For the next several days the Marines tried to retake Outpost Siberia , but were unable to do so . Núñez - Juárez was listed as Missing in Action and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroic actions . Navy Cross citation . NUNEZ - JUAREZ , RAMON ( MIA ) " Citation : " Postscript . PFC Ramón Núñez - Juárez ' s remains have never been recovered and a symbolic burial with full military honors was held on October 25 , 1970 . There is a headstone with his name inscribed above an empty grave in the Puerto Rico National Cemetery , located in Bayamon , Puerto Rico . His name is inscribed in " El Monumento de la Recordación " , a monument dedicated to the Puerto Ricans who have fallen in combat , located in San Juan , Puerto Rico . Awards and decorations . Among Ramón Núñez - Juárez ' s awards and decorations are the following :
USS Arco ( ARDM - 5 ) " Arco " ( ARDM - 5 ) is an " ARDM - 5 " class Medium Auxiliary Repair Dry Dock in the service of the United States Navy . " Arco " was laid down on 9 May 1983 by Todd Pacific Shipyards in Seattle , Washington , and launched on 14 December 1984 . She was placed in service on 23 June 1986 at Naval Base San Diego . She services the nuclear - powered submarines of Submarine Squadron Eleven in the Pacific , as well as other small craft .
William Robertson of Lude General William Robertson of Lude ( died 1820 ) was an officer in the British Army who served in the army during the American War of Independence , the French Revolutionary , and the Napoleonic wars . Biography . Robertson was the son of James Robertson of Lude ( 1736 – 1802 ) and Aldie , daughter of Robert Nairne and Jean Mecer . He entered the British Army at 15 . He fought in the American War of Independence , and in Holland , and also at the taking of St . Lucia , and several of the islands of the West Indies . In 1794 he raised a regiment of infantry called the Perthshire Fencibles . In 1800 he accompanied the Ferrol Expedition to the coast of Spain under Sir James Murray Pulteney . In 1804 a corps of volunteers . In 1805 he was appointed to the army staff in Scotland , and served in that capacity , as a commanding officer in the Channel Islands and in various districts in England , until the end of 1813 , when he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant - general . He died in 1820 . Family . In 1802 Robertson married Margaret , eldest daughter of George Haldane , 18th of Gleneagles , Perthshire , and Margaret , eldest daughter of James Drummond , Viscount of Strathallan . They had 2 sons , James Alexander ( who served in the 82nd Foot ) and a younger son who died as an infant in 1814 . Robertson married secondly Menzies of Culdares . They had no children .
George Bingham , 5th Earl of Lucan Colonel George Charles Bingham , 5th Earl of Lucan GCVO , KBE , CB , PC , TD , DL ( 13 December 1860 – 20 April 1949 ) , styled Lord Bingham from 1888 to 1914 , was a British soldier and Conservative politician . Background and education . Lucan was the son of Charles Bingham , 4th Earl of Lucan , and Lady Cecilia Catherine Gordon - Lennox . He was educated at Harrow , and later at Sandhurst . Military career . Lucan was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade in 1881 , retiring with the rank of Captain in 1896 . In 1900 he joined the 1st London Rifle Volunteers as a Major , rising to the rank of Colonel . Political career . Lucan was briefly a Member of Parliament for the Chertsey constituency in Surrey as a member of the Conservative Party . He was elected in a by - election on 7 July 1904 , and defeated in the 1906 general election by the Liberal candidate F . J . Marnham . In August 1914 he was elected an Irish Representative Peer . He served under David Lloyd George , Andrew Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin as a Lord - in - Waiting ( government whip in the House of Lords ) from 1920 to 1924 and under Baldwin from 1924 to 1929 . The latter year he was appointed Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen - at - Arms , a post he held until the government fell later that year , and again in the National Government from 1931 to 1940 . He was also a Deputy Lieutenant of County Mayo and Middlesex . Family . Lord Lucan married Violet Sylvia Blanche Spender Clay , with whom he had four children : Lord Lucan died in April 1949 , aged 88 , and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son George , who in contrast to his father became a Labour politician . The Dowager Lady Lucan died in 1972 .