naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Combat Logistics Regiment 2 Combat Logistics Regiment 2 ( CLR 2 ) is a logistics regiment of the United States Marine Corps . The unit is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune , North Carolina and falls under the command of the 2nd Marine Logistics Group ( 2nd MLG ) and the II Marine Expeditionary Force ( II MEF ) . Mission . CLR - 2 provides direct support to the II Marine Expeditionary Force . They train , rapidly task organize , deploy , employ , fight and redeploy in order to provide direct support logistics combat support to all maneuver elements of II MEF beyond their organic capabilities , in peacetime as well as wartime , in any environment and across the spectrum of conflict in order to allow the II MEF maneuver elements to continue operations independent of any logistically driver operational pauses .
Shield bearer A shield bearer was usually a lightly armored soldier who often accompanied a soldier of a higher rank with a protective shield . Thus commanders were often protected by several shield bearers . Other examples are range weapon soldiers with shield bearers such as archers ( Hittite chariot archers ) , Sparabara s , crossbow men ( pavise ) or early gunners ( Hussite Wars ) . In the Greek army , shield bearers armed with swords fought alongside phalanxes to protect their unguarded right flank . Greek shield bearers were unarmored except for a helmet , and carried a shield and sword ( or in some cases , a spear instead ) . The Spartan hoplite s developed larger hoplite shields when the Macedonian phalanx came up . A shield bearer carried it on the march . In combat he served among the light armed troops , usually as slinger .
Battle of Poison Spring The Battle of Poison Spring was fought during the American Civil War on April 18 , 1864 , in Ouachita County , Arkansas as part of the Camden Expedition . Opposing forces . Dwindling supplies for his army at Camden , Arkansas forced Union Army Maj . Gen . Frederick Steele to send out a foraging party to gather corn that the Confederates had stored about twenty miles up the Prairie D ’ Ane - Camden Road on White Oak Creek . The party loaded the corn into wagons , and on April 18 , Col . James M . Williams started his return to Camden . Brig . Gen . John S . Marmaduke ’ s and Brig . Gen . Samuel B . Maxey ’ s Confederate forces arrived at Lee Plantation , about fifteen miles from Camden , where they engaged Williams . Battle . The Confederates eventually attacked Williams in the front and rear , forcing him to retreat north into a marsh where his men regrouped and then fell back to Camden . The Union lost 198 wagons and all the corn . Estimated casualties were 301 for Williams and 114 for the Confederates .
Russian cruiser Marshal Ustinov The RFS " Marshal Ustinov " , " Маршал Устинов " , is a of the Russian Navy . The Russia n name for the ship type is " Gvardeysky Raketnyy Kreyser " ( GRKR ) , meaning " Guards Missile Cruiser " . She is named after Dmitriy Ustinov a former Soviet Minister of Defence . The " Marshal Ustinov " is assigned to the 43rd Missile Ship Division of the Russian Northern Fleet , whose homeport and the Fleet HQ is in Severomorsk . History . Hull number 070 was laid down at the 61 Kommuna # 445 Yard , Nikolayev ( Mykolaiv ) in 1978 as the second " Slava " class ship . She was launched in 1982 and commissioned in the Soviet Red Banner Northern Fleet four years later in 1986 . In 1994 , then commissioned in the Russian Northern Fleet , the " Marshal Ustinov " was laid up somewhere in the Baltic awaiting extensive repairs . In December 1996 , the People ' s Republic of China bought two " Sovremenny " class destroyers , and the income from this sale made it possible to pay for the US $ 169 million repairs to the " Ustinov " . In March 2011 it was reported that the Marshal Ustinov could be transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet . The " Marshal Ustinov " has been known to carry two other hull number s than her original ( which was 070 ) ; 088 and 055 .
HMS A3 HMS " A3 " was an early Royal Navy submarine . She was a member of the first British A - class of submarine s , although slightly bigger than the lead boat , . She was built at Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness and was commissioned on 13 July 1904 . She was accidentally rammed whilst surfacing by the submarine tender off the Isle of Wight on 2 February 1912 and sank with the loss of all on board . The wreck was salvaged and subsequently sunk as a gunnery target near Portland Bill on 12 May 1912 , where she remains today .
AeroVironment RQ - 14 Dragon Eye The Dragon Eye Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a small reconnaissance UAV developed by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory for use by the U . S . Marine Corps . It is a tailless design with a rectangular wing and twin props . It is designed to fit into a backpack , with a weight of 2 . 25 kilograms ( 5 pounds ) and a span of 1 . 14 meters ( 3 feet 9 inches ) . It can be launched by hand or using a store - bought bungee cord . It also uses a break - apart system to increase durability — parts of the plane break apart instead of shattering and can be reattached later or replaced with new parts . It has a GPS - INS - based waypoint navigation system . One of the interesting features is that the operator monitors Dragon Eye operation through " video goggles " connected to a laptop computer . The control system weighs about 5 . 4 kilograms ( 12 pounds ) . The Dragon Eye aircraft is used primarily for scouting urban areas , and is especially useful in urban assaults . Its camera , when used with a trained Marine , can be used to spot enemies without alerting them to the UAV ' s presence . The production contract for Dragon Eye was awarded to AeroVironment in 2003 , and over 1000 aircraft were built before the Marines switched over to another UCAV of AeroVironment ( RQ - 11 Raven B ) for the remainder of the Dragon Eye production contract The Dragon Eye has been used in post - invasion Iraq , 2003 – present .
American Electric Piranha The American Electric Piranha ( also named Blair - American USA or American USA ) was a prototype American counter - insurgency aircraft . Designed by Milt Blair and Dick Ennis in the early 1960s , it was built by the American Electric Corporation . Developed for use by the United States Air Force under Project Little Brother , initial flight testing of the Piranha took place at Mojave Airport in California ; following delivery for USAF evaluation , it was tested at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida . The design armament of the Piranha was two pods each carrying four Zuni unguided rockets , mounted on the aircraft ' s wingtips , and a single bomb on a belly hardpoint . Evaluation of the Piranha ceased following the death of Milt Blair in an unrelated aircraft accident . The prototype , N1518 , is currently flown by a private owner in Kansas .
Otto Binge Otto Binge , ( born 19 May 1895 in Cottbus ; died 18 July 1982 ) was an SS - Standartenführer ( Colonel ) during World War II and a commander of " 17 . SS - Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen " and 4 . SS - Polizei Division .
White & Thompson Bognor Bloater The White & Thompson Bogner Bloater was a British First World War two - seat reconnaissance biplane . It was designed and built by White & Thompson Limited of Middleton - on - Sea , near Bognor Regis , Sussex for the Admiralty as a competitor to the Royal Aircraft Factory BE . 2 . Designated N . T . 3 by White & Thompson , it is not known if there was an official designation for the aircraft , which was known in service with the nickname " Bognor Bloater " . The Bloater was a conventional unequal - span tractor biplane with a monocoque fuselage and powered by a 70 hp ( 52 kW ) Renault engine . Twelve were ordered but only ten were delivered , the other two retained for spares . The Bloater nickname came from the unusual copper - sewn cedar monocoque fuselage built by S . E Saunders ( later Saunders - Roe ) the first production aircraft to use the monocoque technique . Operational history . The Bloaters entered service with the Royal Naval Air Service in 1915 and had only limited service in communications and training roles but mainly on coastal patrols from the air stations at Eastbourne , Great Yarmouth and Killingholme .
Danish ship Færøe The Færøe was a frigate constructed in the Netherlands in 1653 as the " Agathe " and purchased and renamed by the Royal Dano - Norwegian Navy in 1666 . Although the vessel was named for Norway ' s ( and now Denmark ' s ) Faeroe Islands , it is often erroneously " translated " as " Pharaoh " ( Danish : " Farao " ) . In 1671 and 1672 , " Færøe " was the vessel used for the colonization of Sankt Thomas , the first surviving settlement in the Danish West Indies . Under the command of Captain Zacharias Bang , it was forced to put in for repairs at Bergen in Norway . The delay caused its support ship , the " Den forgyldte Krone " , to return to Copenhagen without meeting it . " Færøe " arrived and established its settlement on Skt . Thomas on May 25 , 1672 . From an original contingent of 190 , – 12 officials , 116 company " employees " ( indentured servants ) , and 62 felons and former prostitutes , – only 104 remained , 9 having escaped at Bergen and 77 having died in transit . Another 75 died within the first year , leaving only 29 to carry on the colony under Governor Jørgen Iversen Dyppel .
309th Air Division The 309th Air Division ( 309th AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Continental Air Command , assigned to Twelfth Air Force , being stationed at Hensley AFB , Texas . It was inactivated on 27 June 1949 . The 309th Bombardment Wing from February 1944 served as the forward command and control element of all Fifth Air Force units . Numerous tactical and support components were assigned or attached to the wing during World War II . Its subordinate units flew missions against shipping , coastal installations , storage buildings , gun positions , airdromes , and , when possible , Japanese troop concentrations , and its tactical reconnaissance units flew numerous photo missions . After the Japanese surrendered , 309th personnel systematically destroyed Japanese aircraft and equipment of no value to the U . S . Government . Another effort involved supporting aircraft that staged through Chitose AB on their return to the United States . Operational duties consisted of surveillance flights by P - 51 aircraft covering northern Honshū and Hokkaido Islands . Inactivated in Japan during early 1946 . Activated as part of the Air Force Reserve at Hensley Field , Texas in 1947 controlling B - 29 Superfortress groups for Strategic Air Command . The organization was redesignated as an Air Division in April 1948 as part of the realignment of the United States Air Force command echelon structure . It was primarily an administrative organization . It inactivated in 1949 . History . Components . Groups
Weapons of World War I World War I weapons consisted of various types of weapons standardised and improved over the preceding period together with some newly developed types using innovative technology and a number of improvised weapons used in trench warfare . Military technology led to important innovations in weaponry , grenades , poison gas , and artillery , along with the submarine , warplane and the tank . Grenades . Modern grenade s were by the British . Their version was the long - handed impact detonating grenade , which the French later improved upon with an antiquated ball grenade . The major grenade used by the German army was the impact - detonating ‘ discus ’ bomb and the M1913 black powder baller Kugel grenade with a friction - ignited time fuse . British forces however mainly used a different style of hand explosive that was at times more difficult to use , yet still useful in battle . This was the ‘ jam tin ’ which consisted of a tin filled with dynamite or cotton packed round with scrap metal or stones . To ignite , at the top of the tin there was a Bickfords fuse connecting the detonator , which was lit by either a cigar , or a second person . Hand grenades were being used and improved throughout the war , each side making attempts at more successful weapons . Hand grenades were not the only attempt at projectile explosives , but a Rifle grenade was brought into the trenches in order to attack the enemy from a greater distance . The Rifle grenade was invented by an Englishman before the war began . At this time the weapon was not seen as useful , and was overlooked by the British army . Later throughout the war effort , Germany showed great interest in this weapon , leading to casualties for the Allies , causing Britain to search for a new defense . The Trench mortars and bomb throwers were also used in a similar fashion , to fire upon the enemy from a safer distance within the trench . Mortars were short tubes capable of firing higher than a 45 degree angle . Firearms . Infantry weapons used by major powers were mainly bolt action rifles , capable of firing ten or more rounds per minute . German soldiers carried 7 . 92mm Gewehr 98 Mauser rifles , good for accuracy and speed . The British carried the famous Lee - Enfield rifle . Rifles with telescopic sight s were used for snipers , which were first used by the Germans . Machine guns were also used by the large powers ; a favorite was the Maxim gun , created by Hiram Maxim , a fully automatic weapon , with a high volume of concentrated fire and its German adoption MG 08 . The machine gun was useful in stationary battle but was not practical for easy movement through battlefields , and was therefore often dragged or disarmed and carried . Near the end of the war more mobile and lightweight automatic firearms had been deployed by both sides , such as the MP 18 submachine gun and Lewis Gun . Also there was the invention of poison gas .
Four piper The term four piper is United States Navy terminology for classes of destroyer s with four funnels . These include the classes listed below : These classes were built for use by the United States Navy during World War I and subsequently " moth - balled " . Fifty were loaned , under Lend - Lease to the United Kingdom when convoy escorts were desperately needed in the early years of World War II .
William Martin Cafe General William Martin Cafe VC ( 26 March 1826 – 6 August 1906 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Victoria Cross details . Cafe was 32 years old , and a captain in the 56th Bengal Native Infantry , Indian Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 15 April 1858 , during the attack on Fort Ruhya , India , Captain Cafe , with other volunteers ( Edward Spence and Alexander Thompson ) carried away the body of a lieutenant of the 14th Punjab Rifles from the top of the glacis in a most exposed position under very heavy fire . He then went to the rescue of one of the privates who had been severely wounded . His citation in the London Gazette reads : His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum at Chelsea , London . Later career . He later achieved the rank of General . Cafe is buried in Brompton Cemetery , London .
Andrew McPherson ( RAF officer ) Flying Officer Andrew McPherson DFC ( 1918 – 1940 ) was a pilot with RAF Bomber Command in World War II . He is notable for being the pilot of Bristol Blenheim bomber N6125 of No . 139 Squadron RAF , which was the first British aircraft to cross the German coast after Britain had declared war on Germany . His mission on 3 September 1939 was to look for potential targets in North Germany and the German fleet on the Schillig Roads near the port of Wilhelmshaven from an altitude of 24 , 000 feet . He took off from RAF Wyton in cold , cloudy weather and experienced severe icing on the aircraft . Amongst the ships he and his crew observed were the battleship Admiral Scheer and the cruiser Emden . Their sightings were reported upon their return to base as the aircraft wireless transmissions failed . An air raid was then ordered on the ships by 15 Blenheims from No . 107 Squadron , No . 110 Squadron , and No . 139 Squadron RAF . The weather conditions were very bad when they set off on their bombing mission the next morning , many bombs did not detonate and 4 aircraft from 107 Squadron were shot down , with two survivors becoming the first Bomber Command airman to be taken prisoner in World War II . An aircraft from No . 110 Squadron was also shot down and crashed into the bow of the cruiser Emden ( curiously the pilot killed in the crash was also named Emden ) . For his role in the action Flying Officer McPherson was presented with one of the first two DFCs of the war by King George VI himself . On 12 May 1940 he was killed when his Blenheim was shot down by German Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters near Lanaken , Belgium whilst on a mission to bomb armoured columns .
Edwin Bowman Lyon Edwin Bowman Lyon was an American Major general . Biography . Early life . Edwin Lyon was born in 1892 at Las Cruces , New Mexico . In 1915 he graduated from the United States Military Academy and was appointed as a second lieutenant of Cavalry on June 12 of the same year . The same year he served at 7th Cavalry at Douglas , Arizona . He joined the Pancho Villa Expedition into Mexico on March 1916 and in December of the same year , was recruited to the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps at San Diego , California where he worked as a recorder . In September 1918 he graduated from the Bombardment School at Ellington Field , Texas , and then went to Aracadia , Florida to study gunnery . In November of the same year he was given a job at Garden City , Florida to train a heavy aircraft group , after which he relocated himself to Mitchel Field , New York . Next year , as a General , he went to California where he was stationed at Presidio of San Francisco . 1920 - 1945 . On July 1 , 1920 , he was relocated again , this time to the Air Service , and a month later became an instructor at the U . S . Military Academy . In August 1921 he was chosen to be an air officer at the First Corps Area at Boston , Massachusetts . Two years later , at Langley Field , Virginia he was welcomed at the Air Service Tactical School . From that school he graduated three years later and became an instructor there for two years . In June 1927 he graduated from Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenvorth , Kansas and then worked as Chief of Air Corps . On July 1929 , he was commanding the 25th Bombardment Squadron at the Panama Canal . Two years later Lyon got enrolled into the Army War College , and next year graduated from it with honours . He then worked as the War Department General Staff till he became an assistant commandant in August 1936 at the Air Corps Primary Flying School at Randolph Field , Texas . In 1940 he attended Basic Flying School at Moffett Field , California and next year received a title of commanding officer of the West Coast Air Corps Training Center . In 1943 he became a commander of the Antilles Air Task Force and a year later he was a commander of 75th Flying Training Wing at Fort Myers , Florida . In May of the same year he was a commanding general at the Army Air Forces Training Command at Laredo , Texas . Post War era . In 1945 he was given a task to command an Army Garrison Forces at Oahu , Hawaii and in July of the same year became deputy commander at the Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean . He was then a commander of the Sixth Air Service Area Command and a month later became a commander of the Army Air Forces in the Mid Pacific . Exactly year later , he came back to the headquarters of the Army Air Forces and then got a job as Air Materiel Command at Wright Field , Ohio . In July of the same year he came back to the headquarters of the Army Air Forces as chief of the Army Air Forces Officers Selection Branch . He retired on December 1952 with the Legion of Merit and the Air Medal . He died on August 12 , 1971 .
Onodera Yoshimichi Yoshimichi was the lord of Omori Castle , and a longtime rival of the clan Megumi . Yoshimichi himself later became a Daimyo of the Dewa . During the year 1594 , Mogami Yoshikaira , an old enemy of Yoshimichi , deceived him into punishing one of his chief retainers . This deception greatly affected the unity among the retainers . Later on , Otani Yoshitsugu was to conduct land surveys in Yoshimichi ' s domain , but he was ultimately called off . Yoshimichi ' s castle of Omori was besieged during the year 1599 . Yoshimichi went on to support Uesugi Kagekatsu during the Sekigahara Campaign , but was afterwards deprived of his lands and exiled to the Chūgoku region during the year 1601 .
Chrysler VZ - 6 The Chrysler VZ - 6 was an American VTOL ducted - fan test vehicle designed and built by Chrysler for the United States Army " Flying Jeep " competition . Design and development . Ordered in 1958 two VZ - 6s were built , it was a rectangular - shaped vehicle with two three - bladed propellers inset at the front and back . The 500 hp Lycoming engine was located in the centre driving the ducted fan propellers . It was also fitted with rubber skirts around the bottom edge of the vehicle similar to a hovercraft . Operational history . The VZ - 6 started tethered flight tests in 1959 , but these showed that the vehicle was overweight and underpowered with stability problems . An attempt at a non - tethered flight resulted in the VZ - 6 flipping completely over writing off the vehicle but the pilot escaped without any serious injuries . Both VZ - 6s were scrapped in 1960 .
Cohors I Raetorum equitata Cohors prima Raetorum equitata ( " 1st part - mounted Cohort of Raeti " ) was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment . It is named after the Raeti nation , which dominated the eponymous province Raetia , which comprised much of modern Switzerland and Germany south of the river Danube . The Raeti originally spoke a non Indo - European language closely related to Etruscan . However , by the time their territory was annexed by Rome under founder - emperor Augustus ( 16 BC ) , they had become largely Celtic - speaking through contact with neighbouring peoples such as the Vindelici . Finally , during the centuries of Roman rule , they became Latin speakers : their distinctive provincial " patois " survives today in the form of the Rhaeto - Romance languages . According to Holder , a total of 12 " Raetorum " " cohortes " appear to have been raised , 10 of them not later than the rule of Claudius ( 41 - 54 ) and 2 shortly after 70 AD . But there is dispute about how many regiments survived into the 2nd century . This is due to confusion about how many regiments shared the name " I Raetorum " because the name is attested in three provinces in roughly the same periods . It has been suggested there were as many as three such regiments in the 2nd century in Cappadocia , Raetia and Germania Inferior . Holder appears to follow this . Spaul suggests it was a single unit , " I Raetorum equitata c . R . " , being moved about frequently . Here the 3 - unit theory is followed . The c . R . title only appears in Germania Inferior so the unit there is called cohors I Raetorum equitata c . R . . The unit in Cappadocia , the subject of this article , was also " equitata " , and so is denoted " cohors I Raetorum equitata " . The unit in Raetia is denoted simply cohors I Raetorum as there is no evidence it was " equitata " . The regiment was probably raised shortly after 70 AD . It first appears in the datable epigraphic record in 75 , when it was based in Moesia . Not later than 135 it was transferred to Cappadocia . In 135 it was part of the force deployed against an Alan invasion by the provincial governor and historian Arrian . It was then transferred , by 148 , to Asia province . It was probably still there in 240 - 4 , the time of its last datable inscription , a votive stone at Eumenia ( Ishekli , Turkey ) . By this time it had acquired the honorific title " Gordiana " ( from the emperor Gordian I r . 238 ) .