naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Perozes Perozes ( , ) was the Sassanid Persian general opposing the Byzantines under Belisarius at the Battle of Dara ( 530 ) . According to the description of the Byzantine historian Procopius of Caesarea , he was " a Persian , whose title was " " mirranes " " ( for thus the Persians designate this office ) , Perozes by name " . " Mirranes " however probably refers not to an office , but to the House of Mihran , one of the seven great noble clans of the Sassanid Empire . After his defeat at Dara , he was disgraced by the Persian shah Kavadh I . Nothing else is known of his life . He may however be identical to the " mirranes " who according to Procopius tried to lay siege to Dara during the Anastasian War .
Leopold Holzmann Leopold Holzmann ( 5 March 1916 – 21 October 2002 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Cikaran Cikaran is a " Moor " class mooring and salvage tug . Bow , McLachlan and Company of Paisley in Renfrewshire , Scotland built her for the Royal Navy , who commissioned her as HMDYC " Moorstone " in 1919 . In 1948 she was decommissioned and in 1951 she was sold to civilian owners in Turkey who renamed her " Kurtaran " . In 1962 she was sold again and her new owners named her " Cikaran " . She was still in service in 2003 .
Stalag I - B Stalag I - B Hohenstein was a German World War II prisoner - of - war camp located west of Hohenstein , East Prussia ( now Olsztynek , Poland ) . The camp was partially located on the grounds of the Tannenberg Memorial and initially included a set of wooden structures intended to house World War I veterans during Nazi festivities . Established in 1939 to house Polish soldiers captured in the course of the September Campaign , with time it was extended to house also Belgians , French , Italian , Serbian and Soviet soldiers . Harsh conditions , malnutrition , maltreatment and recurring typhoid epidemics led to many deaths among the prisoners . Notably during the winter of 1941 - 1942 roughly 25 thousand people died there , mostly Soviet soldiers . It is estimated that altogether 650 , 000 people passed through this camp and its sub - camps . Between 50 and 55 thousand of them were buried in 500 mass graves at the Sudwa cemetery located nearby . The site is commemorated with a memorial stone by Ryszard Wachowski . Since 1980 the Olsztynek - based municipal museum hosts a small exhibition devoted to the camp and its inmates . Parts of the former camp were uncovered during construction of the S7 Expressway .
USS Muskingum ( AK - 198 ) USS " Muskingum " ( AK - 198 ) was an " Alamosa " - class cargo ship that was constructed for the U . S . Navy during the closing period of World War II . " Muskingum " supported the end - of - war Navy effort and was subsequently placed in service with the U . S . Army as USAT " V - 108 " . In 1950 she was reclaimed by the Navy as USNS " Muskingum " ( T - AK - 198 ) and remained in her service until struck in 1973 . Built in Superior , Wisconsin . " Muskingum " , a cargo ship , was laid down 26 January 1944 ; launched by Globe Shipbuilding Co . , Superior , Wisconsin , 30 June 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Henry Larson ; and commissioned 24 April 1945 at Houston , Texas , Lt . M . H . Bryant in command . World War II - related service . After shakedown , she departed Gulfport , Mississippi , 26 May 1945 with cargo for the Pacific Ocean . She arrived at Subic Bay , Philippine Islands , 4 August 1945 via the Panama Canal and Manus , the Admiralty Islands . The next few months were spent in carrying passengers and freight between Philippine ports . She departed Tacloban , Leyte , 24 January 1946 , arriving Yokohama 31 January . The ship was decommissioned 7 March 1946 and turned over to the War Shipping Administration ( WSA ) for future transfer to the U . S . Army Transportation Corps . She was striken from the Navy List 5 June 1946 . The cargo ship was designated " V - 208 " and operated between ports in Japan , Korea , and the Mariana Islands under control of the Japanese Merchant Marine . Overall control was exercised by Supreme Commander of Allied Forces , Japan . Reacquired from the U . S . Army . " Muskingum " was operated by Japanese under jurisdiction of the U . S . Army until 1 July 1950 , when she was reinstated on the Navy List for operations under Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) WesPac ( Western Pacific ) . During the Korean War , she carried supplies between Japan and Korea . Since 1951 , AK - 198 has been under control of MSTS Far East , operating out of Japan . Besides providing logistical support for U . S . forces in Korea , " Muskingum " carried supplies to American and Allied forces in South Vietnam . Decommissioning . " Muskingum " continued with service with the Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) until an unknown date and was struck from the Navy List on 15 June 1973 . On 1 April 1982 " Muskingum " was transferred to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Navy . Her subsequent fate is not known . Honors and awards . Qualified " Muskingum " personnel were eligible for the following :
Tadashima Akiyama Tadashima Akiyama , also called , was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi - Momoyama period who hailed from Tajima Province . A rather unknown figure , he is largely remembered for his defeat at the hands of the young Miyamoto Musashi , who was sixteen at the time . It has been concluded that Akiyama openly challenged Musashi .
Santos Benavides Santos Benavides ( November 1 , 1823 – November 9 , 1891 ) was a Confederate colonel during the American Civil War . Benavides was the highest - ranking Tejano soldier in the Confederate military . Biography . Benavides was born in Laredo , the seat of Webb County , a descendant of Don Tomas Sanchez de la Barrera y Garza , the founder of Laredo . Benavides also served as county judge in Webb County in 1859 . He was the captain of the 33rd Texas Cavalry , also called Benavides ' Regiment , until he was promoted to colonel in November 1863 . On May 22 , 1861 , at the Battle of Carrizo ( also called Battle of Zapata ) , Benavides engaged the local Tejano leader Juan Cortina ( who had invaded Zapata County , an event usually referred as the " Second Cortina War " ) , and drove him back into Mexico . Probably his greatest contribution to the Confederacy was securing passage of Confederate cotton to Matamoros , Tamaulipas , Mexico , in 1863 . On March 18 , 1864 , Major Alfred Holt led a force of about two hundred men from the command of Col . Davis near Brownsville , Texas to destroy five thousand bales of cotton stacked at the San Agustín Plaza in Laredo . The next day , Benavidez defended Laredo against the Union ' s First Texas Cavalry , whose commander was Colonel Edmund J . Davis , a Florida native who had previously offered Benavides a Union generalship , and defeated the Union forces . Colonel Santos Benavides commanded forty - two men and repelled three Union attacks at the Zacate Creek in what is known as the Battle of Laredo . Davis was elected in 1869 as the first ever Republican governor of Texas . In May 1865 Benavides ' regiment was in the last battle of the Civil war - Battle of Palmito Ranch After the American Civil War ended , he resumed his merchant and ranching activities and remained active in politics . He died in Laredo and was buried there .
SLWH Pegasus The Singapore Light Weight Howitzer ( SLWH ) Pegasus is a helicopter - transportable , towed artillery piece . Developed jointly by the Singapore Armed Forces ( SAF ) , Defence Science and Technology Agency ( DSTA ) and ST Kinetics , it was commissioned on 28 October 2005 . The Pegasus has replaced the GIAT LG1 105 mm howitzer previously in service with the Singapore Artillery . Design . The 155 mm , 39 - caliber Pegasus is typically towed , but it is also equipped with an independent Lombardini 9LD625 - 2 engine unit to provide short - range self - propelled capability of up to 12 km / h ( 7 mph ) . It can be lifted by the Republic of Singapore Air Force ' s CH - 47SD " Chinook " helicopter thus making it the first heli - portable self - propelled 155 mm howitzer . In addition , the Pegasus can also be transported by the C - 130 Hercules tactical airlift er . The Pegasus has a burst rate of fire of three rounds in 24 seconds and a maximum rate of fire of four rounds per minute . It can deliver conventional munitions up to 19 km . Extended range munitions can be fired up to 30 km away . A semi - automatic loading system is provided to increase the rate of fire and reduce crew fatigue . The design of the Pegasus also incorporates several innovative elements . It is built with titanium alloy and aluminium alloy materials that are lightweight and yet able to withstand the recoil force of the 155 mm artillery system . Special recoil management design is also employed to reduce the recoil force to a third lower than conventional 155 mm howitzers . Deployment . The Singapore Army conducted its first live firing of the SLWH Pegasus at the artillery range of Waiouru Army Camp in New Zealand as part of Exercise Thunder Warrior in January 2006 . The SLWH Pegasus was the preferred candidate for the 145 ultra light howitzer program of the Indian Army . However , ST Kinetics was associated in a case of corruption against the Director General of Indian Ordnance Factory , and blacklisted from participating in the programme .
Liu Xiaojiang Liu Xiaojiang ( ; born 1949 ) is the political commissar of the People ' s Liberation Army Navy of the People ' s Republic of China . Biography . Liu was born in Ji ' an , Jiangxi Province . He is the son of Liu Xiyuan ( 刘西元 ) , one of first lieutenant generals conferred in 1955 in the People ' s Republic of China . He is also the son - in - law of Hu Yaobang , former general secretary of CPC . He was made a navy lieutenant general in 2002 . He is a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China . Among 41 central committee members from the PLA , 38 were from the position of large military region , and only 3 were from the vice position of large military regions . Liu was one of them . The other two were Tian Xiusi , political commissar of the Xinjiang Military Region , and Dong Guishan , commander of the Tibet Military Region .
Willi Reschke Willi Reschke ( born 3 February 1922 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) during World War II , credited with 28 aerial victories in 70 missions . In 1999 , Reschke recounted his wartime experiences in print , published in English in 2005 as " " Jagdgeschwader 301 / 302 ' Wilde Sau ' : In Defense Of The Reich with the Bf 109 , Fw 190 and Ta 152 " ; " including writing about the late - war period he spent flying the exotic Focke - Wulf Ta 152 high - altitude fighter - interceptor designed by Kurt Tank . Career . Reschke was born on 3 February 1922 at Mühlow , Province of Brandenburg . He joined the Luftwaffe in February 1941 and began training with the " Flieger - Ausbildung - Regiment " at Königsberg . Reschke commenced pilot - training in spring 1942 . In June 1943 Reschke served with Jagdgruppe 102 , in Zerbst to undergo operational training . On completion of training , " Unteroffizier " Reschke was posted to 1 staffel , Jagdgeschwader 302 , based near Vienna in June 1944 . On 2 July he achieved his first successes when he claimed two United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) 15th Air Force B - 24 Liberator bombers shot down over Budapest . On 7 July Reschke downed another B - 24 , this time by ramming when his guns malfunctioned , and successfully baled out of his crippled fighter . On 24 August Reschke claimed a B - 24 near Jindřichův Hradec but during an attack on a second his aircraft was hit by return fire and he attempted to force - land while under attack by P - 51 fighters , having to use his parachute . On 29 August he shot down a B - 17 bomber south of Zlín , although another Bf 109 fired on his Bf 109 G - 6 and Reschke had to force - land damaged . By the end of August 1944 Reschke had 14 victories to his credit . Re - equipping with the Focke - Wulf Fw 190 A - 8 , I . / JG 302 was redesignated III . / JG 301 on 30 September 1944 . In October the unit transferred to Stendal near Berlin . On 1 January 1945 " Feldwebel " Reschke downed a B - 17 for his 22nd victory claim but again , hit by return fire , he baled out of his Fw 190 near Gardelegen . On 13 March he was awarded the Deutsches Kreuz in Gold . In March 1945 Reschke transferred to the " Geschwaderstab " , JG 301 . On 14 April he flew the new Focke - Wulf Ta 152 for the first time and claimed a Hawker Tempest of No . 486 ( NZ ) Squadron shot down ( pilot W / O O . J . Mitchell who was killed ) . On 20 April " Oberfeldwebel " Reschke received the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . He claimed his last two victories of the war on 24 April when he downed two Soviet Yak - 9 s near Berlin . Reschke flew about 70 missions during his career in which he recorded 28 victories . He claimed 26 victories over the Western front , including 18 four - engine bombers . Three claims were made flying the Ta 152 . He was shot down 8 times , bailing out five times , and was wounded once .
1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal ( France ) The 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal ( ) is a commemorative medal of France established on 21 May 1946 to recognize individual participation in the Second World War . Award Statute . The 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal was awarded to all soldiers serving under French authority or under a French government in a state of war against the Axis nations , or present on board a warship or armed merchant vessel under these same authorities and / or governments ; to French citizens , whether military or civilian , who fought against the Axis forces or their representatives ; to foreign military who served as Frenchmen in formations at war against the Axis forces . A 1949 decree further added the members of the French passive resistance as potential recipients of the 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal . Award description . The 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal was hexagonal and struck from bronze . It was 28mm at its widest and 38mm high excluding the suspension loop . The obverse bore the relief image of a rooster superimposed in front of a Cross of Lorraine , its wings spread out and standing on a broken chain . The reverse bore the relief semi circular inscription " RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE " ( ) over a sprig of laurel leaves and the inscription on three lines " GUERRE " " 1939 " " 1945 " ( ) . The medal hung from a ribbon passing through the medal ' s suspension loop . This silk moiré ribbon was 36mm wide and light blue with 3mm green stripes bordered in 1mm red at its edges , at its center , a vertical series of red " V " letters denoting " Victory " . Twelve operational theater clasps can be worn on the ribbon : The clasp " ITALIE " ( ) was repealed in 1953 following the establishment of the 1943 - 1944 Italian campaign medal . Seven other clasps bearing the years " 1939 " , " 1940 " , " 1941 " , " 1942 " , " 1943 " , " 1944 " and " 1945 " were available when the deed to commemorate took part outside of the theater and / or dates cited above . Two further clasps were authorized for wear on the 1939 – 1945 Commemorative war medal :
William Foster MacNeece Foster Air Vice - Marshal William Foster MacNeece Foster , CB , CBE , DSO , DFC ( 21 August 1889 - 28 March 1978 ) was a senior Royal Air Force officer who was a member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff from 1942 to 1943 . He later became Lord Mayor of Oxford . Early life . Born William Foster MacNeece on 21 August 1889 in Castlecary , County Donegal , Ireland , he was the eldest son of Colonel T . F . MacNeece . He was educated at Cheltenham College , an independent school located in Cheltenham , Gloucestershire , England . He later assumed the surname of Foster by way of royal licence in 1927 . Military career . Having attended the Royal Military College , Foster was commissioned on 6 February 1909 into The Queen ' s Own ( Royal West Kent Regiment ) as a second lieutenant . He was promoted to lieutenant on 2 February 1912 . Having trained as a pilot , on 31 October 1913 , he was awarded Royal Aero Club ( RAeC ) Aviator Certificate number 671 . On 28 April 1914 , he was transferred to the reserve of the Royal Flying Corps . With the outbreak of World War I , Foster would go on to serve in Europe . In 1914 , he was a pilot in No . 3 Squadron RFC , conducting air reconnaissance over France . He was a captain when , on 9 September 1915 , he was appointed a flight commander in the Royal Flying Corps . On 5 December 1916 , as a temporary major , he was appointed wing commander and made a temporary lieutenant colonel . On 16 January 1919 , he joined the Air Ministry as a Staff Officer , 1st Class . Foster became Air Officer Commanding No . 1 Air Defence Group RAF in 1929 and Air Officer Commanding No . 6 ( Bomber ) Group RAF in 1939 . He served in World War II in this role before becoming a member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in 1942 , Head of Inter - Service Liaison Committee in Washington D . C . in 1943 and Head of the RAF Training Mission in China in 1944 . Later life . After World War II , Foster settled in Oxford . He died on 28 March 1978 . Personal life . Foster married Jean Bruce in 1928 . Together they had two daughters . Honours and decorations . Foster was awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) in the 1917 New Year Honours .
Edward Gribben Captain Edward Gribben was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Gribben was commissioned in the Royal Irish Rifles on 4 August 1914 . On 1 December , he was promoted to captain . He transferred to the Royal Flying Corps and was posted to 70 Squadron in early 1917 . He flew a Sopwith Camel to score five victories between 17 July and 13 August 1917 . His final tally was two enemy planes destroyed , three driven down out of control . On 9 September , he was returned to England to serve with 44 Squadron as a night fighter pilot flying a Camel . From there he move to test pilot duty at RAE Farnborough during 1918 . On 2 October 1918 , he returned to combat as a flight commander in 41 Squadron . Two days later , he and his Camel were badly shot up by a Fokker D . VII ; although wounded in the arm , Gribben crash - landed safely . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Battle of Sangju ( 1592 ) The Battle of Sangju was one of the first battles in the First phase of the Japanese Invasions of Korea ( Imjin War ) . The Koreans attempted to stop the Japanese invasion and prevent the siege of Fort Ch ' ungju . However , the superior technology of the Japanese forces , particularly the arquebuse s , proved decisive . Similar to most Korean generals at the start of the war , Yi Il performed poorly . The Japanese were victorious and pushed on to Chungju . Sangju . Yi Il gathered 1 , 000 men from among the local peasantry in Sangju . Yi Il did not want to be annihilated inside Sangju so he arranged his men on a small hill nearby . When a messenger arrived , warning of the Japanese approach , Yi had him beheaded , so that his announcement would not lower his men ' s morale . Yi Il then sent out a scout to locate the position of the Japanese army . Unfortunately , the scout was shot and killed by a Japanese sharpshooter . When the scout did not return , Yi Il assumed the Japanese were nearby . Soon , the Japanese soldiers under General Konishi Yukinaga appeared . Konishi and his generals then ordered the ashigaru ( foot soldiers ) to fire upon the Koreans with arquebuse s . Following a volley of fire , his infantry charged . As the Japanese began to advance up the hill , Yi ordered his men to return fire , but their arrows fell short . Konishi Yukinaga split his force and began to encircle the Korean emplacement . Yi Il turned his horse around , and retreated with his remaining army . Konishi ' s army was victorious , killing approximately 300of the defending Korean force . Konishi continued to lead his men onto Chungju for another victory .
John Birdsell Oren John Birdsell Oren ( December 27 , 1909 – December 22 , 2006 ) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Coast Guard . Biography . Oren was born on December 27 , 1909 in Madison , Wisconsin . He would obtain a M . S . in Marine Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Oren would marry Virginia Prentis , who died in 2002 . They had two children , Joan Strickler and John Oren . Admiral Oren is survived by a daughter , Joan Oren Strickler and her husband , Warren , of Harrisonburg ; a son , John Edward Oren and his wife , Diane , of Winston - Salem , N . C . ; five granddaughters , Robin Strickler of Rwanda , East Africa , Alison Strickler of Chicago , Ill . , Laura Strickler of Washington , D . C . , Sydney McLure Carr of Ashburn , Va . , Tara Oren of Winston - Salem ; a stepgranddaughter , Crystal Langford of Winston - Salem ; and a great - granddaughter , Adeline Grace Carr . Oren died on December 22 , 2006 in Harrisonburg , Virginia . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Virginia . Career . Oren originally joined the United States Navy in 1928 and would enter the United States Naval Academy . A year after entering the Naval Academy , he transferred to the United States Coast Guard Academy , graduating in 1933 . During World War II , he served in the North Atlantic and the Pacific theaters . Later in his career , he served as Chief of Engineering of the Coast Guard . He retired in 1967 . Awards he received include the Legion of Merit .
Lance sergeant A lance sergeant ( LSgt or L / Sgt ) in the armies of the Commonwealth was a corporal acting in the rank of sergeant . The appointment is retained now only in the Foot Guards and Honourable Artillery Company . In these regiments , all corporals are automatically appointed lance sergeant on their promotion , so lance sergeants perform the same duties as corporals in other regiments and are not acting sergeants in anything but name . The appointment originated in the British Army and Royal Marines , in which it could be removed by the soldier ' s commanding officer , unlike a full sergeant , who could only be demoted by court martial . Lance sergeants first appeared in the 19th century . The appointment was abolished in 1946 , except in the guards ' regiments mentioned above . Some cadet units also retained the rank in addition to corporal into at least the 1980s . The Household Cavalry equivalent is lance - corporal of horse . Lance sergeants wear three rank chevron s . In full dress , Foot Guards lance sergeants are distinguished from full sergeants by their white chevrons ( full sergeants wearing gold ) ; and in working dress , primarily by wearing an other ranks cap badge instead of a senior NCO variant . Some sources claim that the use of the appointment of lance sergeant was introduced by Queen Victoria , who stated that her guards would not wear only one chevron when mounting guard outside the royal palaces . Guards lance - corporals therefore wore two chevrons . That left the problem of what the full corporal would wear , so the appointment of lance sergeant was introduced . However , the Guards regiments still had corporals until after the First World War and the appointment of lance sergeant was used throughout the army ( not just by the Guards ) until 1946 , so the veracity of the story is questionable .