naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
United States Army National Guard The United States National Guard system is the official militia of each of the individual fifty states of the United States of America , and doubles as a component of the Army Reserve . The United States Army National Guard was officially established in 1903 under the Militia Act , Title 10 and Title 32 of the U . S . Code . The Army National Guard is divided into units based within each of the fifty states of the United States of America , and is answerable to the governor of the state in which they are based . While serving primarily on a reserve basis , the National Guard may be called up by the governor in the event of civil unrest or natural disasters , including floods , hurricanes , tornadoes , earthquakes and others . National Guard units may be federalized and put under control of the federal government and President of the United States . When a National Guardsman or National Guard unit is federally recognized , the member or unit becomes part of the Army National Guard of the United States , a reserve component of the United States Army . The National Guard is unique in this regard , that they play a duel state end federal responsibility . History . The Army National Guard can trace its birth as far back as 13 December 1636 under colonial militias which were organized to protect the colonies against Native American attacks . The official founding of the group was after the Spanish - American war in 1903 through the Dick Act , which was intended to reorganize the militia system of the United States . During World War I , the National Guard provided 40 % of the US Army ' s combat forces . In World War II , the National Guard provided 19 divisions . Since the end of the second World War , the mantra " One weekend a month , two weeks a year " has been central to the duty requirements of the National Guard . However , with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan , this saying has been the source of derision from dissilusioned Guardsmen finding themselves called up to greater duty than anticipated . Training and Service Army National Guard members go through the same training as their active duty counterparts . This includes Army Basic Training , and Advanced Individual Training of their selection . Once they have completed both of these , they return to their hometowns . They meet for one weekend per month for drilling with their unit , as well as two weeks of drilling every year , usually in the summer . National Guardsmen can therefore pursue full - time careers or attend school full - time while serving part - time in the National Guard . The terms of enlistment for the National Guard are eight years total , however , one can elect to serve for only three of those years , or six , with the remaining time spent on Individual Ready Reserve , where they can still be called into action in an emergency but do not drill with the National Guard or collect a paycheck . These soldiers keep their uniform and military identification , and are only required to attend an annual muster , which pays for attendance , and notify their unit if they have a change of address .
RG - 34 Iguana The RG - 34 Iguana is a South African 4X4 mine - resistant armored vehicle made by the IADSA with help of the Belgian Sabiex . In 2009 the BAE Systems obtained the rights to develop and manufacture the vehicle . Description . Designed by the Belgium Sabiex the ' Iguana ' is a tactical vehicle with a load capacity of up to 2 . 5 tonnes and can carry up to eight soldiers , depending on the version . The car has front engine to the right and only has one port . In addition to the hatch on top . The vehicle was designed to use most of the systems and components available in the automobile industry with the aim of reducing costs . Its armour protects occupants against basic small arms fire . Additional shielding may be used , allowing for increased protection , however losing the amphibious capability of the base version because of the inevitable weight gain . Although designed by the company Sabiex the concept was acquired by BAE Systems in June 2009 , becoming part of the line from BAE Systems , manufactured by BAE Systems South Africa .
Battle of Elba The naval Battle of Elba ( or Battle of Monte Cristo ) was a naval battle which took place on 6 September 1652 between a Dutch fleet under Johan van Galen and an English fleet under Richard Badiley . Battle . The English were trying to reach Livorno , where a squadron under Henry Appleton was . The captured ship , " Phoenix " , was recaptured 2 months later during a night raid at Livorno . Ships involved : Netherlands ( Johan van Galen ) . " Jaarsveld " 44 ( flag ) < br > " Prinses Royaal " 34 ( Albert Cornelisz ' t Hoen ; killed ) < br > " Wapen van Zeeland " 32 ( Joost Willemsz Block ; killed ) < br > " Eendracht " 40 ( Jacob de Boer , Vice - Admiral ) < br > " Maan " 40 ( David Janszoon Bondt ; killed ) < br > " Vereenigde Provinciën / Zeven Provinciën " 40 ( Hendrick Claeszoon Swart ; killed ) < br > " Haarlem " 40 ( Dirck Quirijn Verveen ) < br > " Maagd van Enkhuysen " 34 ( Cornelis Tromp ) < br > " Zeelandia " 32 ( Andries de Boer ) < br > " Jonge Prins " 28 ( Cornelis Barentszoon Slordt ) < br > England ( Richard Badiley ) . " Paragon " 52 ( flag ) < br > " Elizabeth " 36 ( Jonas Reeves ) < br > " Phoenix " 36 ( John Wadsworth ) - Captured by " Eendracht " < br > " Constant Warwick " 32 ( Owen Cox ) < br > " Mary Rose " 32 ( hired merchantman , Jonas Poole ) < br > " William and Thomas " 30 ( hired merchantman , John Godolphin ) < br > " Thomas Bonaventure " 28 ( hired merchantman , George Hughes ? ? ) < br > " Richard and William " 24 ( hired merchantman , John Wise ? ? ) < br >
Michael Cassidy ( sailor ) Michael Cassidy ( 1837 – March 18 , 1908 ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1837 in Ireland , Cassidy immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the Navy . He served during the Civil War as a landsman on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , " Lackawanna " engaged the at close range and Cassidy distinguished himself as the sponger on a gun crew . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Cassidy ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Served on board the U . S . S . " Lackawanna " during successful attacks against Fort Morgan , rebel gunboats and the ram " Tennessee " , in Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Displaying great coolness and exemplary behavior as first sponger of a gun , Cassidy , by his coolness under fire , received the applause of his officers and the guncrew throughout the action which resulted in the capture of the prize ram " Tennessee " and in the destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan . Cassidy died on March 18 , 1908 , at age 70 or 71 and was buried at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton , Virginia .
Arthur Forbes , 9th Earl of Granard Arthur Forbes , 9th Earl of Granard AFC ( 1915 - 21 November 1992 ) , was a British peer . He was educated at Eton and Trinity College , Cambridge . He received a BA from Cambridge University in 1937 . During World War II , he acted as an air adviser for the RAF , during his service Arthur acted as an adviser to the Minister of State for the Middle East . His decorations included the British Air Force Cross , the French Legion of Honor and the American Legion of Merit . From 1972 to 1990 he was a director of Texaco . Lord Granard also served as a director for other companies , including the Nabisco Group Ltd . and Martini & Rossi . Lord Granard ' s wife , Marie - Madeleine Eugenie , Princess of Faucigny Lucinge , died in 1990 . He is survived by two daughters , Moira and Georgina , two sisters , Eileen , Lady Bute of Scotland , and Moira , Countess Rossi of Switzerland , and two grandchildren . Thus his nephew Peter inherited the title and continues to be the holder . Arthur Forbes , 9th Earl of Granard , died at his home in Morges , Switzerland in 1992 at age seventy - seven .
Battle of Cove Mountain The Battle of Cove Mountain was a minor skirmish of the American Civil War , fought on May 10 , 1864 , in the southwest corner of Virginia near Cove Mountain in Wythe County . On that day , Union Brig . Gen . William W . Averell ' s brigade encountered a Confederate brigade under the command of Brig . Gen . William E . " Grumble " Jones . Averell attacked the Confederate positions but was repulsed . The Confederates received reinforcements from Brig . Gen . John Hunt Morgan and counterattacked , chasing the Union forces through the cove area of Wythe County Virginia . The Confederates held the battlefield as the sun went down . The next day , Averell returned to West Virginia after failing to accomplish his objectives . Aftermath . Following the battle , Union forces were forced to retreat to the Crockett ' s Cove Presbyterian Church . Seventeen severely wounded of Union General William Averell ' s men were left in the church where they were found the next morning by local people who gave attention to wounds and fed the men . A few died and were buried behind the church . The residents of the neighborhood were grateful that their homes and buildings were not burned by the retreating Union forces . This was probably due to the fact that the Union soldiers ’ demands for food were met by the women of the homes they passed ; as mentioned earlier , at the Elijah Smith home , and later by the cooks and Sallie Carpenter Crockett at her home who fed corn cakes to the retreating men .
Colby Buzzell " Colby Buzzell " ' ( b . July 17 , 1976 in California ) is an American author , blogger and former United States Army soldier . Buzzell grew up in San Ramon , California and enlisted in the United States Army at the age of 26 . Prior to joining the Army he described his life as engaging in a lot of drinking , drug use , dead - end jobs and a minor criminal record . He was very optimistic about his Army service and was determined to follow the Army recruiting slogan of " Be All That You Can Be " . He joined the service as an infantry man and spent 2003 - 2004 in Iraq , assigned to a Stryker Brigade Combat Team . In his book he expresses a great deal of enthusiasm about the benefits of wheels over traditional treaded armor in urban settings . It was in Iraq that Buzzell began publishing a blog under the title " CBFTW " , " Colby Buzzel Fuck The War " , as a replacement for his habitual journaling back in the States . The blog gained popularity quickly , because as an anonymous blogger , Buzzell was able to share more lucid experiences than an embedded journalist , and he was also able to share a bit more of the truth than the Army was able to . Buzzell ' s blog gained recognition for its realistic portrayal of gripping first hand accounts of the war in Iraq . This ' milblog ' won praise as “ an unfiltered , often ferocious expression of his boots - on - the - ground view of the Iraq war " Colby published a book on his experiences entitled , " " combining narrative , blog entries , and emails that evolved from his blog over time . The book received good reviews and has been recommended for public libraries . In 2004 , Buzzell was profiled in " Esquire " ' s " Best and Brightest " issue and has since contributed regularly . In 2007 , Buzzell received the 2007 Lulu Blooker Prize for " " . In 2008 , Buzzell was re - called for active duty . After he arrived at his post , he was examined by the medical staff at Fort Benning , and marked " not deployable " due to posttraumatic stress disorder .
Siege of Delhi ( 1804 ) The Siege of Delhi ( 8 – 19 October 1804 ) was conducted by the Maratha leader Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar against forces the British East India Company that were defending Delhi during the Second Anglo - Maratha War . Holkar abandoned the siege after reinforcements led by Gerard Lake arrived .
21st Kohat Mountain Battery ( Frontier Force ) The 21st Kohat Mountain Battery ( Frontier Force ) was an artillery unit of the British Indian Army . It was raised in 1851 as the No . 2 Horse or Punjab Light Field Battery , Punjab Irregular Force . It became the 21st Kohat Mountain Battery ( Frontier Force ) in 1903 . In 1947 , it was transferred to the Pakistan Army , where it exists as the 2nd Royal Kohat Battery ( Frontier Force ) of 1st ( SP ) Medium Regiment , Artillery . History . The 21st Kohat Mountain Battery was raised at Bannu by Lieutenant H Hammond on 1 February 1851 from horse artillery detachments of the Lahore Durbar , as part of the Punjab Irregular Force ( Piffer ) . The Punjab Irregular Force , later designated as the Punjab Frontier Force , earned legendary fame for its exploits on the Northwest Frontier of India . The Kohat Battery saw extensive service on the Frontier and took part in numerous operations including the Second Afghan War and the Tirah Campaign in 1897 - 98 . During the First World War , the 21st Kohat Mountain Battery fought with great distinction at Gallipoli , Egypt , Mesopotamia and Persia . For its outstanding performance in the war , it was awarded the title of ‘ Royal ’ in 1922 . After the war , it again saw service on the Northwest Frontier . During the Second World War , it fought in the Burma Campaign as part of the 17th Indian Division . In 1944 , it became an exclusively Punjabi Muslim unit . In 1947 , it was transferred to the Pakistan Army , where it became part of the 1st Mountain Regiment , Royal Pakistan Artillery . The battery fought in the Kashmir War of 1948 . In 1957 , it was equipped with 105 mm Self Propelled Field guns and the 1st Mountain Regiment was re - designated as the 1st ( SP ) Field Regiment , Artillery . The regiment fought with great gallantry in the Battle of Chawinda during the Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 . In the Indo - Pakistani War of 1971 , the regiment served in the Zafarwal Sector . In 1980 , it was re - equipped with medium guns . The battery is affiliated with the Frontier Force Regiment . Battle honours . Peiwar Kotal , Kabul 1879 , Afghanistan 1878 - 80 , Tirah , Punjab Frontier , Suez Canal , Egypt 1915 - 16 , Mesopotamia 1916 - 18 , Persia 1918 , Anzac , Landing at Anzac , Defence of Anzac , Suvla , Sari Bair , Gallipoli 1915 .
Forres Castle Forres Castle was a fort and castle built near Forres , Scotland . The fort was destroyed in 850 by Vikings . Forres was created a royal burgh by King David I of Scotland in 1140 . The castle , once a royal castle , was built as a motte and bailey castle and was strengthened in the 14th century . It was demolished in 1297 by the adherents of Wallace . King William the Lion and King Alexander II of Scotland visited and stayed at the castle . King David II of Scotland stayed at the castle in 1346 . It was burned by Alexander Stewart , Earl of Buchan in 1390 . Held by the Dunbars of Westfield until the 17th century , it fell into ruins . Nothing now remains above ground .
USCGC Chautauqua ( WHEC - 41 ) USCG " Chautauqua " ( WHEC - 41 ) was an " Owasco " class high endurance cutter which served with the US Coast Guard from 1945 to 1973 . Originally intended for World War II service , she was commissioned only days before the end of hostilities and consequently never saw combat . " Chautauqua " was built by Western Pipe & Steel at the company ' s San Pedro shipyard . Named after Chautauqua Lake , New York she was commissioned as a patrol gunboat with ID number WPG - 41 on 4 August 1945 , just days before the end of World War II . In the postwar period , her ID was changed to WHEC - 41 ( HEC for " High Endurance Cutter " - the " W " signifies a Coast Guard vessel ) . Operational service . " Chautauqua " was homeported at San Francisco , California , from 4 August 1945 to October 1948 and used for law enforcement , ocean station , and search and rescue operations in the Pacific . On 19 May 1947 she searched for a reported mine . From October 1948 to 22 July 1954 , she was stationed at Alameda , California . Her duties remained similar to those she had at San Francisco . On 29 and 30 October 1948 , she escorted the disabled F / V " Reefer King " to Honolulu , Hawaii . From 11 to 14 November 1949 , she towed the disabled M / V " Navigator " until relieved by a commercial tug . From 15 to 21 April 1950 , she towed the disabled tug " Omar " to San Francisco . On 15 May 1953 , she assisted the disabled F / V " Bering Strait " 20 miles west of Point Reyes , California . " Chautauqua " was homeported at Honolulu , Hawaii , from 22 July 1954 to February 1972 , with duties of law enforcement , ocean station , and search and rescue . On 21 November 1956 , she medevaced a crewman from M / V " Evibelle " . On 13 July 1959 , she assisted the yacht " Cloud Nine " at 23°20 ’ N , 143°00 ’ W . She patrolled the Trans - Pacific Race from 15 to 17 July 1959 . On 6 September 1959 , she medevaced a crewman from M / V " Pioneer " at 34°25 ’ N , 162°16 ’ E . While on ocean station in February 1965 , the Chautauqua sustained damage and had to depart early for Yokosuka , Japan due to main motor - bearing problems . On 20 January 1967 , " Chautauqua " sustained a fire in the Combat Information Center while undergoing renovation in a San Francisco yard . In late December 1971 , " Chautauqua " was on - scene commander following the sinking of the Danish M / V " Heering Kirse " off Midway Island . 31 of 36 victims were rescued . She transferred to Norfolk , Virginia in February 1972 . Decommission . " Chautauqua " was decommissioned on 1 August 1973 and scrapped along with the rest of the " Owasco " class in 1974 .
Anton - Detlev von Plato Anton - Detlev von Plato ( 6 June 1910 – 12 October 2001 ) was a highly decorated Oberst im Generalstab in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a Generalleutnant in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Eisenhower Monument The Eisenhower Monument at the United States Military Academy is a monument to former General of the Army and the 34th President of the United States , Dwight D . Eisenhower . The subject . As a member of the famed West Point Class of 1915 , ( known as " The Class the Stars Fell On " ) , Eisenhower rose to prominence as an Army officer during World War II , where he was the Supreme Allied Commander Europe . After the war , he served as the Army ' s Chief of Staff before being elected President in 1952 . Description and commissioning . The statue stands nine feet tall and is perched upon a pedestal of red granite . The bid for the monument originally included noted sculptors Donald DeLue , Felix DeWeldon , and Walker Hancock , but the commission went to class of 1953 West Point graduate Robert L . Dean , Jr . After receiving the commission , Dean was offered one of the General ' s actual uniforms as a model by Eisenhower ' s son . Dean molded the wax model at his home in Pennsylvania and cast the bronze statue in Italy before the monument was unveiled on 3 May 1983 .
Albert Halton Albert Halton VC ( 1 May 1893 – 24 July 1971 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 24 years old , and a private in the 1st Battalion , the King ' s Own Royal Regiment ( Lancaster ) , British Army during the First Battle of Passchendaele of First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 12 October 1917 near Poelcapelle , Belgium , after the objective had been reached , Private Halton rushed forward about 300 yards under very heavy fire and captured a machine - gun and its crew which was causing heavy losses to our men . He then went out again and brought in 12 prisoners , showing the greatest disregard for his own safety and setting a fine example to those round him . After the war Halton was an ironworker until his retirement in 1961 , and during World War II he served in the Home Guard . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the King ' s Own Royal Regiment ( Lancaster ) Museum , in Lancaster , England .
Furuta Shigenari , more familiarly known in Japanese cultural history as , was a warrior and celebrated master of the Japanese tea ceremony . He was originally a retainer of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi . His teacher in the tea ceremony was Sen no Rikyū . He became the foremost tea master in the land after Rikyū ' s death , and taught this art to the shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada . Among his other particularly famous tea ceremony students were Kobori Enshū and Honami Kōetsu . The kind of tea ceremony that he established is known as Oribe - ryū ( see Schools of Japanese tea ceremony ) , and the style of ceramics that are attributed to his artistic influence are known as Oribe - yaki ( see Oribe ware ) . He also designed a style of stone lantern ( " tōrō " ) for the " roji " tea garden , and it has come to be known as Oribe - dōrō . During the year 1600 , Shigenari received a 10 , 000 - koku income . During the Osaka Campaign of 1615 , Shigenari was forced to plot in Kyoto against the Tokugawa and the Emperor , on the behalf of the defenders of Osaka . After this event , Shigenari was ordered to commit suicide ( seppuku ) , along with his son .
Operational manoeuvre group The Operational manoeuvre group ( OMG ) was a Soviet Army organisational maneuver warfare concept created during the early 1950s to replace the Cavalry mechanized group which performed the deep operations on the Eastern Front during the Second World War . The deep operations theory developed in cooperation between the Red Army and Wehrmacht theorists in the 1930s later influenced the Blitzkrieg operations and echelon - based doctrine . In the Soviet Army doctrine the Operational Manoeuvre Groups would be inserted to exploit a breakthrough by a Front during a potential war against NATO in Europe . In the Soviet doctrine , after the motor - rifle units , heavily supported by artillery , helicopters and Close Air Support aircraft would have broken NATO front , the operational manoeuvre groups would be inserted to exploit the breakthrough using elements of , or whole tank armies . At the Front level an Operational Manoeuvre Group could include two tank division s and three to five motor - rifle division s . To counter the OMG ' s threat , NATO deployed a large number of special forces units with the task of sabotaging and attacking the Rear Services ( Russian ' tyl ' ) logistical depots ( in particular fuel ) to slow the OMG advance , permitting NATO units to counter - attack the base of the insertion sector as was the practice of German commanders during the Second World War .
Royal Albanian Gendarmerie The Royal Albanian Gendarmerie ( ) was from 1925 till 1939 and was part of the Royal Albanian Army . Background . Unlike the rest of the Albanian army the Gendarmerie had British advisors on its staff and with the units . King Zog , who regarded them as a necessary counterweight to the army , steadfastly refused to replace them with Italian officers , to the chagrin of Mussolini . In April 1939 the gendarmes put up a more spirited resistance at Durrës and elsewhere than did the Italian - dominated regular army . Their hats had a characteristic " Z " in the middle . Thirty - one companies were active . It was intended to have 10 battalions ( 1 per prefecture ) , with 39 companies ( 1 per sub - prefecture ) , but this was not achieved . On paper the Gendarmerie had 136 officers , 440 NCOs and 3 , 206 corporals and gendarmes , but the Italians found only 131 officers and 2 , 736 other ranks , which does not tally with the strengths reported for the major units ; those were theoretical only . Structure . There were six battalions :