naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Secretaría de Informaciones de Estado The Secretaría de Informaciones de Estado ( Secretariat of State Information ) was an Argentine intelligence agency . Created in 1955 by National Executive Decree No . 776 of January 20 during the government of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu , it was the predecessor of the Secretaría de Inteligencia de Estado .
John Palaiologos ( Caesar ) John Palaiologos ( ; 1288 / 89 – 1326 ) was a member of the reigning Palaiologos dynasty of the Byzantine Empire , who served as governor of Thessalonica . He was the son of the general Constantine Palaiologos , a son of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos ( reign ed 1259 – 1282 ) , and his wife Irene Palaiologina Raoulaina . In 1305 he received the court rank of " panhypersebastos " . By 1325 / 26 , at a time of civil war , he was governor of Thessalonica . In 1326 he rebelled against his uncle , Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos , and joined the forces of the Serbian ruler , Stephen Uroš III Dečanski , with whom he plundered the Byzantine domains in central Macedonia up to Serres . Andronikos II sought to placate him by sending envoys bearing the insignia of a " Caesar " , the second - highest title in Byzantine court hierarchy , and John agreed to give up his revolt and return to Thessalonica . However , he contracted an illness and died soon after at Skopje . John married a lady named Irene , an had by her a daughter , Maria , who became Stephen Uroš ' s queen consort , and an unnamed son , who was killed at the Battle of Rusokastro in 1332 .
Desert Night Camouflage The Desert Night Camouflage pattern is a two - color grid camouflage pattern used by the United States military during the Gulf War . It was designed to aid soldiers in concealment from older generation enemy night vision devices ( NVDs ) . The pattern is now considered obsolete due to the increase in capability of foreign night vision devices . During the first Gulf War , clothing sets in this pattern were issued to US troops as an over - jacket ( with a removable insulating liner ) and over - pants , both being designed to be worn over the issued six - color Desert Battle Dress Uniform during nighttime operations . No night - specific pattern has been created to replace this gear for nighttime use in a desert environment , as advancements in infrared reflectance technology in first the Desert Camouflage Uniform , and finally the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform and Army Combat Uniform have eliminated the need for a separate nighttime overgarment . Criticism . During the Gulf War , one scout / sniper section of a Marine Corps battalion conducted a night test comparing the visibility of the desert night camouflage clothing with six - color desert uniforms and winter overwhites . The night camouflage clothing proved to be more visible than both the day desert uniforms and winter overwhites when viewed though an AN / PVS - 5 night vision device .
Roger Fleetwood - Hesketh Lieutenant - Colonel Roger Fleetwood Hesketh , TD , DL , JP , MP , OBE ( 28 July 1902 – 14 November 1987 ) , born Roger Bibby - Hesketh , was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom . He was Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Southport from 1952 to 1959 . Early life . Hesketh was educated at Eton from where , in 1922 , he was commissioned into the Duke of Lancaster ' s Own Yeomanry as a 2nd Lieutenant . He attended university at Christ Church , Oxford , and was called to bar in 1928 at the Middle Temple . In February 1940 , then at the rank off Major , he transferred to the Royal Artillery . Second World War . During the Second World War , Lieutenant Colonel Fleetwood - Hesketh was a member of Ops ( B ) , the deception section of SHAEF that helped plan Operation Fortitude , a key portion of Operation Bodyguard , the deception plan covering the Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944 . He wrote a history of his role and the operation that was published after his death . Following the end of the war , Hesketh was sent to Germany , alongside his brother , to search through the files of German intelligence , and question officers . He was then asked to write a history of deception in Western Europe , including the work up to and including Operation Fortitude . Political career . Hesketh was High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1947 and later Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire from 1950 to 1972 . He remained a reserve officer in the Territorial Army , with the honorary rank of Colonel , until 1957 . In 1948 , Hesketh was awarded an American Legion of Merit ( Degree of Officer ) . In 1970 , he was appointed Officer ( Civil Division ) of the Order of the British Empire , at the time he was Chairman , Lancashire Agricultural Executive Committee . In 1970s books about Second World War deception began to appear . Sefton Delmer ' s 1971 book , " The Counterfeit Spy " , appeared to be copied from Hesketh ' s earlier unpublished report . Noel Wild had provided Delmer with a copy of the report . Hesketh was annoyed and threatened to sue , however the Government claimed Crown Copyright on his report and he was not able to . In the end Delmer added a credit to the second edition of the book , and Hesketh , along with other deceivers , were able to correct inaccuracies . Hesketh ' s report was eventually published posthumously , in 1999 , with a foreword by " Nigel West " ( the pseudonym of Rupert Allason ) . His name changed twice : the first time in 1907 , when his father changed the family name from Bibby - Hesketh to Fleetwood - Hesketh , and on 10 August 1956 , when he changed his name by deed poll to the unhyphenated form of Roger Fleetwood Hesketh . In the 1960s , Hesketh rebuilt the family home of Meols Hall , Southport ( he had a hobbyist interest in architecture ) . He died in 1987 .
Commandant - general Commandant - general is a rank in several counties and is generally equivalent to that of commandant . Italy . " Comandante generale " ( commandant general ) , in Fascist Italy ' s MVSN , was the title of the head of the Blackshirts , held by Benito Mussolini from 1922 to 1943 . Nowadays , is the title held by the commander of the " Carabinieri " . South Africa . Commandant - general was a military rank in South African Republic and the Orange Free State Republic as well as in the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa . The commandant - general of one of the Boer republic s was the head of its armed forces . The rank of full general in the South African Army was renamed " commandant - general " in 1956 and was in use until 1967 when it reverted simply to " general " Commandant - general was , at times , also a post designation , rather than a rank . Brigadier - General CF Beyers was the first Commandant - General of the Active Citizen Force until he resigned in 1914 . He was succeeded as Commandant - General by Major - General J C Smuts with effect from 16 September 1914 . Ireland . During the Irish Civil War of 1922 - 23 , the Irregulars , or anti - Treaty IRA , applied this term to the leaders of their various brigades throughout the country . The term was acquired from the Boer rank , through veterans of the Irish Transvaal Brigade . Argentina . Commandant general is the highest rank in the Argentine National Gendarmerie , and is held by the national director of the gendarmerie and his senior deputies . Depending on the appointment , it may be equal to any Argentine army rank from brigade general to the highest Argentine army rank , lieutenant general . United Kingdom . In the United Kingdom , commandant - general is a military appointment , not a rank . See the following for more details :
519th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 519th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with 521st Air Defense Group , stationed at Sioux City Municipal Airport , Iowa . It was inactivated on 18 August 1955 . History . Training for combat , October 1943 – April 1944 . Air defense of the Midwest United States , 1954 – 1955
USS Lillie B ( SP - 1502 ) USS " Lillie B " ( SP - 1502 ) , also SP - 1520 , sometimes spelled Lillie B . , was a motorboat leased by the United States Navy in 1917 for use as a patrol boat . " Lillie B " was built in 1881 at New Orleans , Louisiana . The U . S . Navy leased her on 20 April 1917 from her owner , E . Macrenaris of Tarpon Springs , Florida , for use as a patrol boat during World War I . " Lillie B " saw no active naval service , and the Navy returned her to her owner on 5 September 1917 .
Raid on Elizabethtown The Raid on Elizabethtown ( now known as Brockville , Ontario ) occurred on February 7 , 1813 , when Benjamin Forsyth and 200 men crossed the frozen St . Lawrence River to occupy Elizabethtown and seize military and public stores , free American prisoners , then capture British military prisoners . Overview . On February 4 , 1813 , a British detachment from Prescott , Ontario crossed the St . Lawrence River on the ice and took a few prisoners in Ogdensburg , New York . Two days later , Benjamin Forsyth , a major in the United States Rifle Regiment , left Ogdensburg at 22 : 00 hours at the head of about 200 regulars and volunteers . He marched to Morristown , New York , twelve miles ( 19 km ) up the river , crossed over at 1 : 00 hours and took Elizabethtown by surprise . He freed the American prisoners from the Elizabethtown jail and took 52 British prisoners at a cost of one man wounded on each side and a 28 - mile ( 45 km ) march in the bitter cold . His performance convinced the British commanders that Ogdensburg had to be neutralized .
Battle of Infernal Caverns The Battle of Infernal Caverns was a battle during the Snake War fought between Native Americans and the U . S . Army . The Native American warriors had made a fortress out of lava rock s in the Infernal Caverns of northern California . From there they were able to pour a steady fire upon the soldiers commanded by Lt . Col . George Crook . Crook ' s men attacked on the second day . Despite heavy casualties they managed to scale the cliffs and take the fortifications . Colonel Crook reportedly shot down Chief Sieto himself . Fighting continued into the night as the Native warriors withdrew deeper into the caverns . Crook commented " I never wanted dynamite so bad as I did when we first took the fort and heard the diabolical and defiant yells from down in the rocks " . On the third day the Natives had fled the caverns .
Reginald Henderson Admiral Sir Reginald Guy Hannam Henderson GCB ( 1881 – 1939 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy . Naval career . Henderson was confirmed as a Sub - Lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1902 and took part in the Naval Mission to Greece in 1913 . He served in World War I as commanding officer of the battleship HMS " Erin " in 1914 and took part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916 . In 1917 , as a commander involved in anti - submarine warfare , he quietly opposed the Admiralty ’ s official position that the volume of merchant shipping was too great to be protected by warships . Henderson demonstrated that the vast majority of the 2 , 500 ships completing voyages each week were in fact coastal voyages , and only between 120 and 140 ocean - going . Hankey ’ s biographer Stephen Roskill suggested that Henderson ’ s contribution to the introduction of convoys ( in particular to Hankey ' s memorandum of February 1917 ) was not acknowledged on paper at the time in order to avoid imperilling the younger officer ’ s career . After the War he became Chief Staff Officer to the Commander - in - Chief , China Station and then , in 1923 , joined the staff of the Royal Naval College at Greenwich . Henderson later promoted the Fleet Air Arm and the construction of aircraft carriers . He was given command of the aircraft carrier HMS " Furious " in 1926 and became Naval Aide - de - Camp to the King in 1928 . He was appointed Rear Admiral commanding aircraft carriers in 1931 and Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in 1934 before his death in 1939 . Family . In 1911 he married Islay Campbell .
Piirivalvelennusalk The Border Guard Flight Squadron ( ) is a mixed helicopter and airplane flight squadron of the Police and Border Guard Board . The " Piirivalvelennusalk " is an over Estonian rapid response search and rescue unit which also conducts the usual border controllings and monitorings . History . The unit was established in 1993 under the name of States Flight Squadron . On April 22 , 1997 the unit was reorganized and later renamed into Border guard Flight Squadron . Modernization . In 2000s the squadron has received some new equipment in the terms of modern search and rescue helicopters . In 2011 the unit will open another air base in Saaremaa at the Kuressaare Air Port .
List of United States Marine Corps aircraft groups This is a list of United States Marine Corps Aircraft Groups . Inactive groups are listed by their designation at the time they were decommissioned . Active Marine Aircraft Groups : Active Marine Training Support Groups : Deactivated Marine Aircraft Groups :
Strategy of the central position The strategy of the central position was a key strategy used by Napoleon in the Napoleonic Wars . It involved attacking two cooperating armies at their hinge , swinging around to fight one until it fled , then turning to face the other . The strategy allowed the use of a smaller force to defeat a larger one . However , the strategy , while successful at the battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras , failed at the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon was defeated because he wasn ' t able to prevent the joining of the British and Dutch forces by the Prussian forces . Central position also describes the overall strategic situation of Frederick the Great during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years ' War in the Eighteenth Century where , although Prussia was surrounded by enemies , Frederick was able to use his central position to maneuver and attack each enemy separately despite being vastly outnumbered overall . In World War II , Rommel maintained a central position on the Mareth Line between allied forces in Tunisia and Libya .
Gardes du Corps ( Prussia ) The Gardes du Corps ( " Regiment der Gardes du Corps " ) was the personal bodyguard of the king of Prussia and , after 1871 , of the German emperor ( in German , the " Kaiser " ) . The unit was founded in 1740 by Frederick the Great . Its first commander was Friedrich von Blumenthal , who died unexpectedly in 1745 ; his brother Hans von Blumenthal , who , with the other officers of the regiment had won the " Pour le Mérite " in its first action at the battle of Hohenfriedberg , assumed command in 1747 . Hans von Blumenthal was badly wounded leading the regiment in a successful cavalry charge in the battle of Lobositz and had to retire from the military . Initially , the Regiment was used in part as a training unit for officers as part of a programme of expansion of the cavalry . Early officers included the rake and memoirist Friedrich von der Trenck , who described the arduous life of sleep deprivation and physical stress endured by officers , as well as the huge cost of belonging to the unit ( the cuirasses , for example , were silverplated at a time when the precious metal was exceptionally expensive ) . Unlike the rest of the Imperial German Army after German unification in 1871 , the Garde du Corps was recruited nationally and was part of the 1st Guards Cavalry Division . The Regiment wore a white cuirassier uniform with certain special distinctions in full dress . These included a red tunic for officers in court dress and a white metal eagle poised as if about to rise from the bronze helmet on which it sat . Other unique features of the regiment ' s full dress worn until 1914 included a red sleeveless " Supraweste " ( survest ) with the star of the Order of the Black Eagle on front and back and the retention of black iron cuirasses edged with red which had been presented by the Russian Tsar in 1814 . These last replaced the normal white metal breastplates on certain special occasions .
RGD - 33 grenade The Soviet RGD - 33 is an anti - personnel fragmentation stick grenade developed in 1933 . It was designed to replace the aging Model 1914 grenade and was used during World War II . Before use , a locking catch on the handle must be released and a fuse , lasting an average of 4 seconds , was inserted into the top of the can . A good throw could send the grenade 30 to 40 metres . Upon detonation the shells fragment in rectangular , thin fragments , which , along with the casing and detonator fragments , deccelerate rapidly in air . Due to the fragments rapid loss of velocity the kill radius is small , making this grenade an " offensive " type . The fragmentation kill radius was approximately 15 metres with the sleeve and 10 metres without . As with most grenades of this era , there is potential for large fragment projection a great distance further than the throw . The grenade was unusual but not unique , in that it had an optional " jacket " – a thick metal fragmentation sleeve weighing an average of 270 grams . When fitted over the grenade the sleeve improves the kill radius by producing a number of diamond shaped , heavier fragments . With the jacket installed the grenade was said to be in " defensive " mode . The grenade was complicated to use and manufacture . After the German invasion of the USSR , the simple and crude RG - 42 was developed to slowly replace it .
Battle of Arfderydd The Battle of Arfderydd ( also known as Arderydd ) was fought , according to the Annales Cambriae , in 573 . The opposing armies are variously given in a number of Old Welsh sources , perhaps suggesting a number of allied armies were involved . The main adversaries appear to have been Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio and either the princely brothers , Peredur and Gwrgi , or King Riderch Hael of Strathclyde . Gwenddoleu was defeated and killed . His bard , Myrddin Wyllt , went mad and ran into the forest . He is probably the original of the Arthurian character , Merlin . The Welsh Triads refer to this battle as one of the " Three Futile Battles of the Island of Britain " , along with the Battle of Camlann and the Battle of the Trees . In a late 15th - century manuscript , a story called ' Lailoken and Kentigern ' places the battle on the plain between Liddel and Carwannok . This is believed to be at Arthuret , near Longtown , in Cumberland ( now Cumbria ) . In Welsh literature and mythology . The battle of Arfderydd is referenced numerous times in a number of medieval Welsh texts , including " Trioedd Ynys Prydein " and the Red Book of Hergest . The Welsh Triads name Gwenddoleu ' s warband as one of the ' Three Faithful Warbands of the Island of Britain ' , going on to say that they " continued to battle for a fortnight and a month after their lord was slain . " The retinue of Dreon the Brave " at the Dyke of Arfderydd " is named as one of the " Three Noble Retinues " , while a listing of the three " Horse - Burdens " of Britain relates that Gwrgi , Peredur , Dunawd the Stout and Cynfelyn Drwsgl were carried by a horse called Corvan , which enabled them to watch the clouds of dust ( " battle - fog " ) coming from Gwenddolau and his ( mounted ) forces in the battle of Arfderydd . The first song of the Black Book of Carmarthen , " The Dialogue of Myrddin and Taliesin " refers frequently to the battle , in which a number of warriors purported to have fought in the conflict are named : Cedfyl , Cadfan , Maelgwn , Erith , Gwrith , Bran , Melgan , Rhys , Cynelyn , Cyndur , the sons of Eliffer , and Dywel fab Erbin . A further poem " Apple Trees " states that Myrddin wore a " golden torque " at the battle before fleeing into the Caledonian Forest , while the poem " The Dialogue of Gwyn ap Nudd and Gwyddno Garanhir " states that Gwyn ap Nudd , a mythological psychopomp , was " at the place where was killed Gwendoleu , the son of Ceidaw , the pillar of songs , where the ravens screamed over blood . "
Andrew V . Stoltenberg Andrew Vincent Stoltenberg ( January 26 , 1865 – December 25 , 1921 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Philippine - American War . Biography . Andrew Vincent Stoltenberg was born in Aarnes , Trondenes , Norway . His father died when he was 4 years old and was raised by an aunt and uncle . He left home as a young man and went to sea , arriving in the United States in 1882 . In August 1890 he joined the United States Navy in San Francisco , California . He retired from the United States Navy after 30 years with the rate of Chief Gunner ' s Mate . He is buried in San Francisco National Cemetery , San Francisco , California . Medal of Honor citation . As a Gunner ' s Mate Second Class , Stoltenberg received the Medal " for distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy in battle " at Catbalogan , Samar , Philippines , on July 16 , 1900 . Rank and organization : Gunner ' s Mate Second Class , U . S . Navy . Born : Boto , Norway . Accredited to : California . G . O . No . : 55 , July 29 , 1899 . Citation : For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy in battle at Katbalogan , Samar , Philippine Islands , July 16 , 1900 .
De Bange 90 mm cannon The De Bange 90 mm cannon ( Mle 1877 ) was a type of field artillery piece developed in France by Colonel Charles Ragon de Bange in 1877 , and adopted by the French Army that same year . It superseded the earlier Reffye cannon ( 1870 / 73 ) and the Lahitolle 95 mm cannon ( 1875 ) . Characteristics . The cannon was breech loading and used the original mushroom - shaped obturator system developed by de Bange , allowing to properly seal the breech during each firing . The cannon still had an important recoil , meaning that it moved backward at each firing , necessitating re - aiming every time , which considerably slowed the rate of firing . This would remain a problem with all artillery pieces until the development of the Canon de 75 in 1897 . Replacement . The de Bange 90 mm was used during World War I , although it was obsolete by then , as there were important stockpiles of ammunition and French industry fell short of producing enough modern cannons for the war . It was superseeded by the recoilless Canon de 75 . British service . A number of these weapons were issued to some third - line British Territorial Force batteries at the start of World War I , for training and home defence duties , because of a shortage of more modern field guns . They were replaced in these units by Ordnance BLC 15 pounder guns , when second - line units were re - equipped with Ordnance QF 18 pounder s . Finnish service . France donated 100 of these cannons in 1940 during Winter War between Finland and Soviet Union . Only 24 guns arrived before the end of the war and rest during the Interim Peace . When Continuation War begun 84 guns were issued to fortification and coastal units . Finnish troops fired more than 174 000 shots with these cannons during Continuation War and last shots in battle were fired as late as in June 1944 .
28 cm SK L / 45 gun The 28 cm SK L / 45 was a German naval gun that was used in World War I and World War II . Originally a naval gun , it was adapted for land service after World War I . Description . The 28 cm SK L / 45 gun weighed , had an overall length of and its bore length was . Although designated as , its actual caliber was . It used the Krupp horizontal sliding block breech design ( or “ wedge ” , as it is sometimes referred to ) rather than the interrupted screw commonly used in heavy guns of other nations . This required that the propellant charge be loaded in a metal , usually brass , case which provides obduration i . e . seals the breech to prevent escape of the expanding propellant gas . History . Naval guns . Mounted on s and the battlecruiser . Coast defense guns . 3 guns mounted at Battery Goeben on Husøya island , near Trondheim , Norway and formed Naval Coast Artillery Battery ( " Marine Küstenartillerie Batterie " ) " Goeben " , later 1st Battery , Naval Artillery Battalion ( " 1 . / Marine Artillerie Batallion " ) 507 " Husöen " .