naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
PPSh - 41 The Pistolet - pulemet Shpagin 41 ( PPSh - 41 ) ( In Russian : Пистолет пулемёт Шпагин - 41 ) Is a variant of Pistolet - pulemet . Designed by Georgii Shpagin . It is one of the more mass - produced submachineguns in WWII . Description . The PPSh - 41 ( Pistolet Pulemjot Shpagina model of 1941 ) was one of major infantry weapons of the Soviet troops during the World War 2 . Total number of PPSh ' s manufactured during WWII estimates to more than 6 millions . The gun became one of the symbols of the Great Patriotic War . Retired from Soviet Army service in the mid - 1960s , the PPSh was widely exported to some pro - Soviet countries around the world , including China , Vietnam and many African countries . It was effective , but somewhat crude weapon , reliable in combat but not without certain flaws . It has somewhat excessive rate of fire , and its drums were uncomfortable to carry and prone to feed problems once spring is weaken . The PPSh - 41 was designed as a cheap and simple but effective war - time weapon . It featured simple blowback operated action , and fired from open bolt . To decrease the recoil stress , gun was fitted with bolt buffer at the rear of receiver . The buffer was made from fiber and was attached to the return spring guide rod . The striker was permanently fixed to the bolt face . PPSh - 41 was a select - fire weapon , with fire selector switch located inside the triggerguard , ahead of trigger . The safety was integrated into the charging handle and locked the bolt in forward or rearward position . The receiver and the barrel shroud was made from stamped steel . The front part of the barrel shroud extends beyond the muzzle and acted as a muzzle brake / muzzle flip compensator . Early PPSch - 41 ' s were issued with drum magazines with capacity of 71 round , similar to ones used in PPD - 40 . Such high capacity increased the firepower but the magazines were too slow to refill and not too reliable , so in 1942 a curved box magazine was developed . This magazine held 35 rounds and was much more comfortable to carry in pouches . Early magazines were made from 0 , 5 mm sheet steel and were somewhat unreliable . Later magazines were made from 1 mm steel and were completely satisfactory . Usually , infantrymen carried one drum in the gun and some box magazines in the pouches or pockets . Early guns featured elevation - adjustable rear sights , marked up to 500 meters ; late production guns had flip - type " L " - shaped rear sights marked for 100 and 200 meters range .
Enfield L86 LSW The Enfield L86 LSW is a light support weapon created by Enfield in 1985 to replace the World War II - era Bren Light Machine Gun in the British Army , the L86 was based on the Enfield L85 . Description . The British Army ' s choice for squad automatic fire became the L86A1 ' Light Support Weapon ' in its 5 . 56x45mm NATO form , thus bringing to an end to the era of the popular World War II - era Bren Light Machine Gun series . The L86A1 was actually based on a modified version of the bull - pup Enfield L85 5 . 56mm rifle already in service with the army and in all actuality utilizes about 80 % commonality in parts with the assault rifle version including the ability to fire from the same magazine . Differences between the L85 assault rifle and the L86 LSW are subtle though the L86 is fielded with a heavier barrel with added length ( effectively extending the range of the weapon past that of the rifle counterpart ) that is more consistent with the sustained - fire squad automatic role . Additionally , a light - weight bipod is fitted to the near - front of the weapon for controlled firing and there are some modifications to the trigger mechanism as a whole . The L86A1 allows for single or automatic fire select modes . The new barrel assists in heat dissipation during full automatic fire which is important considering the barrel is not changeable on this system . A rear grip is added just behind the magazine and pistol - grip trigger for two - hand support . Optical sights on the L86A1 are also standard .
USS Chemung ( AT - 18 ) The first USS " Chemung " ( AT - 18 / YT - 124 ) was launched 1 April 1916 by Norfolk Navy Yard as " Pocahontas " and commissioned 14 March 1917 , Chief Boatswain B . David in command . She reported to the 5th Naval District . After minesweeping operations off the Virginia and Maryland coasts , " Pocahontas " was renamed " Chemung " on 1 September 1917 and on 19 November 1917 was permanently assigned to Train , Atlantic Fleet , 5th Naval District , for operations in the Norfolk area until 27 January 1919 when she departed for Guantánamo Bay , Cuba . Arriving 3 February , " Chemung " served in the Caribbean until 9 April . In March she towed the disabled into Kingston , Jamaica ; for this humanitarian operation she was commended by the British Ministry at Jamaica . " Chemung " arrived at New York 19 April 1919 for coastwise operations throughout the summer on range and torpedo practice , then gave local services at New York until 10 January 1920 when she sailed to serve at Charleston , South Carolina , Key West , Fla . , and in the Caribbean . In April 1920 she heroically rescued the crew of the burning Canadian schooner " J . T . Ralston " and carried them to San Domingo , for which she was commended by the British legation there . " Chemung " served as yard tug at the United States Naval Academy from 14 May 1921 until 25 August 1926 when she sailed to Philadelphia . " Chemung " was decommissioned 25 October 1926 and sold 12 February 1937 . Her classification had been changed to YT - 124 , 31 January 1936 .
Sims - class destroyer The " Sims " - class consisted of 12 destroyer s in the United States Navy , built in seven various shipyards , and commissioned in 1939 and 1940 . It was the last United States destroyer class completed prior to World War II . All " Sims " - class ships saw action in World War II , and seven survived the war . No ship of this class saw service after 1946 . Of the five ships lost , four were at the hands of the Japan ese and one at the hands of the Germans . Three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished at war ’ s end and ultimately scrapped . The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll . One was sunk by the first blast , while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms . The " Sims " class ships were the sixth and final class of the " third - generation " 1500 - ton pre - war destroyers that modernized the United States navy in the 1930s . They were the last built with a single engine room , changed with the " Benson " - class destroyers for increased survivability . However they were also the first increased in hull length , and the precursor for the numerous larger , faster destroyer classes that marked war - time construction . The " Sims " class introduced installation of Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System . Distinguished by a turret mounted gun director , the advanced system controlled by a Ford Mark 1 Fire Control Computer mounted deep in the hull enabled automatic aiming of guns against surface or air targets with first - hit solutions in near real - time . The system would evolve and be used extensively to control most 5 inch guns on destroyers and larger ships , and remained in service on US ships until the 1970s . Early units completed with 12 torpedo tubes ( 3x4 ) while later ships completed with 8 ( 2x2 ) on the centerline . All were converted to 8 - tube configuration before World War II began .
Pumhart von Steyr The Pumhart von Steyr is a medieval supergun from Styria , Austria , and the largest known wrought - iron bombard by caliber . The cannon was produced in the early 15th century and could fire , according to modern calculations , a 690 kg stone ball around 600 m , loaded with 15 kg of powder and set up at an elevation of 10° . The bombard is today on display in one of the artillery halls of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum at Vienna ; it is accessible from March to October . Besides the Pumhart von Steyr , a number of 15th - century European superguns are known to have been employed primarily in siege warfare , including the wrought - iron Mons Meg and Dulle Griet as well as the cast - bronze Faule Mette , Faule Grete and Grose Bochse .
German submarine U - 489 German submarine " U - 489 " was a Type XIV supply and replenishment U - boat ( " " Milchkuh " " ) of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 28 January 1942 , by Germaniawerft of Kiel as ' werk ' 558 . She was launched on 24 December 1942 and commissioned on 8 March 1943 , with " Leutnant zur See " Adalbert Schmandt in command . He remained in command throughout the boat ' s short career . The U - boat ' s service life commenced with the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 8 March 31 July 1943 ( for training ) . She then served , for operations , with the 12th flotilla . Operational career . " U - 489 " s first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 2 July 1943 . She headed for the Atlantic by way of the so - called Faeroes Gap between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands , north of the British Isles . She was attacked by a PBY Catalina flying boat of 190 Squadron , RAF on 3 August . During the action , the ' Cat ' was hit twice and retired . Her crew were obliged to jettison depth charge s and on their return , found the rudder cables almost severed . Her place was taken by a Lockheed Hudson of 269 Squadron , which succeeded in damaging " U - 489 " . Although as a supply boat , she avoided combat , she was lost on her first patrol when on 4 August , she was attacked by a Canadian Sunderland flying boat of 420 Squadron , RCAF southeast of Iceland . The Sunderland was shot down , five of the eleven man crew were killed ; " U - 489 " was sunk . 53 of her crew escaped . All the survivors were picked up by the destroyers HMS " Castleton " and " Orwell " ; they had both observed the attack .
917th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron The 917th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Seattle Air Defense Sector , Air Defense Command , stationed at Puntzi Mountain Air Force Station , British Columbia . It was inactivated on 1 February 1963 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of North America . Lineage Assignments Stations
RFA Tidepool ( A76 ) RFA " Tidepool " ( A76 ) was a of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . " Tidepool " had a long and busy life in the fleet . The ship participated in both the Cod Wars and the Beira Patrol during the 1970s . In 1982 when the Falklands War broke out " Tidepool " was actually on its way to Chile to be disposed of . The ship was temporarily reclaimed by the United Kingdom and was finally handed over to the Chilean Navy on 13 August 1982 and renamed " Almirante Jorge Montt " .
Warrior Vase The Mycenaean Warrior Vase , found by Heinrich Schliemann on the acropolis of Mycenae , is one of the prominent treasures of the National Archaeological Museum , Athens . The Warrior Vase , dated to the 12th century BCE , is probably the best - known piece of Late Helladic pottery . It is a krater , a mixing bowl used for mixing water and wine , for the ancient Greeks never drank wine unwatered . The broad frieze of armed soldiers on the vase , which is incomplete , suggested the name that Schliemann gave it . The warriors are clad in short chiton s , breastplate s , helmets and greave s ; they are armed with spears and carry shields . The bull ' s head handles for long encouraged scholars to date the piece later , in the early seventh century BCE .
1939 – 45 Star The 1939 – 45 Star was a campaign medal of the British Commonwealth , awarded for service in the Second World War . The medal was awarded for operational service between 3 September 1939 and 2 September 1945 . Eligibility . There were a number of " " Qualifying Special Areas " " where operational service for " " one day or part thereof " " qualified for the special award of the 1939 – 45 Star . These were actions for which a more specific campaign medal was not issued . Examples are : France or Belgium : 10 May to 19 June 1940 , St . Nazaire 22 - 28 March1942 , Dieppe : 19 August 1942 , Iraq : 10 April to 25 May 1941 and Burma ( Enemy Invasion ) : 22 February 1942 to 15 May 1942 . The star was immediately awarded if the service period was terminated by death , disability or wounding . The award of a gallantry medal or a Mention in Despatches also led to an immediate award .
Lorica plumata While several types of " loricae " ( armor ) existed in the Roman legion , the lorica plumata was reserved for the use of military leaders ( Tribunes and above , but typically Generals ) due to the high cost of production , and maintenance . The name the Romans used for this type of armor is not known , " lorica plumata " being a descriptive term applied by modern scholars , referring to its resemblance to a bird ' s plumage . The " lorica plumata " was basically a mail shirt ( hamata ) with small feather - like scales ( plumes ) attached to the rings . Requiring skilled labor and much time to create , this would have been an expensive piece of military equipment . And while many contest its utility on the field , it might have been used by Roman leaders due to its impressive appearance and its possible impact on the morale of soldiers .
Louis Lepic Louis Lepic , count , ( September 20 , 1765 Montpellier – January 7 , 1827 Andrésy ) was a French commander of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , who eventually rose to the rank of " général de division " and held the prestigious command of the " Grenadiers à Cheval de la Garde Impériale " , the senior heavy cavalry regiment of the Imperial Guard . Early career and Revolutionary Wars . Lepic joined the army at age 16 and benefitted from the outburst of the French Revolution , which facilitated his promotion to squadron commander ( March 1793 ) . He was at first involved in fighting against the Vendéean insurrection , before moving to the ' Army of Italy ' in 1796 , where he was remarked for gallantry and was wounded several times . Lepic remained in Italy until the end of 1805 , when he was named " colonel major " of the Grenadiers à Cheval de la Garde Impériale regiment of the newly created Imperial Guard , which he would command for the rest of his military career . Napoleonic Wars . Although he did not participate in the battle of Austerlitz , he did take part to the campaigns in Prussia and Poland in 1806 – 07 . His heroic charge at the head of his horse grenadiers at the battle of Eylau , where he was seriously wounded , brought him the rank of " général de brigade " . Seeing Lepic after the battle , Napoleon went to him and said : " I thought you had been captured , general Lepic . I was feeling deeply sorrowful about it . " at which Lepic retorted : " Sire , you will only ever hear of my death . " That evening , Lepic , who had been seriously wounded in action that day , received 50 000 francs , which he immediately distributed to his horse grenadiers . Five days later , he would be promoted to general and given an annuity of 30 000 francs . Lepic then served in the Peninsula in 1808 but was called back to France in 1809 to served in the newly created " Grande Armée d ' Allemagne " , the main French army which fought the Austrians in the War of the Fifth Coalition . During this campaign , Lepic was named baron of the Empire and was involved with his horse grenadier regiment in the battle of Wagram . He would then serve in Spain and Portugal between 1810 and 1811 , before being recalled to the second " Grande Armée " for the Russian campaign . During the campaign , his most important action was his regiment ' s charge against Platov ' s cossacks on November 7 , which repulsed the Russian attack on the Emperor ' s headquarters . Lepic was promoted to général de division in February 1813 and he took part to the Saxon campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition , where he would fight his last battles . Having retired in 1814 , he was made a count by king Louis XVIII in January 1815 . Recognition . The name LEPIC appears on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris .
Fairey Fantôme The Fairey Fantôme , also known as the Fairey Féroce , was a British fighter prototype of the mid - 1930s . The prototype was designed and built by Fairey Aviation and three production aircraft were assembled in Belgium by Avions Fairey . Development . The Fantôme was designed in 1934 by Marcel Lobelle to meet a specification drawn up on behalf of the Belgian " Aéronautique Militaire " who were to hold an international competition to find a replacement for the Fairey Firefly II . It was of all - metal construction , with fabric skinning and a 925 hp ( 690 kW ) Hispano - Suiza 12Ycrs engine , with provision for one 20 mm engine - mounted cannon and two . 30 in ( 7 . 62 mm ) wing - mounted Browning machine guns . Operational history . The Fantôme first flew on 6 June 1935 ; however , it crashed at Evere on 17 July of that year . However , Fairey had already produced parts and components for three other aircraft . These were shipped to Belgium in 1936 and completed under the name Fairey Féroce at Gosselies . Two of these were sold to the Soviet government ; which later gave them to the Spanish Republican air force to aid with the Spanish Civil War . The fourth aircraft returned to Britain where it was acquired by the British Air Ministry , and no further production was undertaken .
German submarine U - 319 German submarine " U - 319 " was a Type VIIC / 41 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out just one patrol , but did not sink any ships . The boat was sunk in July 1944 by a British aircraft in the North Sea . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 18 November 1942 by the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck as ' werk ' 319 , launched on 16 October 1943 , and commissioned on 4 December under the command of " Oberleutnant " Johannes Clemens . She served with the 4th U - boat Flotilla for training , from 4 December 1943 to 1 June 1944 and the same organization for operations until her sinking on 15 July 1944 . Having made the short journey from Kiel in Germany to Stavanger in Norway in June 1944 , she commenced her first and only patrol on 5 July . Fate . " U - 319 " was sunk by a British B - 24 Liberator of 206 Squadron RAF in the North Sea , southwest of Lindesnes , on 15 July 1944 . Fifty - one men from the U - boat died . There were no survivors . The aircraft failed to return ; it was presumably shot down by the U - boat ' s anti - aircraft defences . A crewman ' s body was picked up the next day . Clemens ' remains were recovered and interred at the military cemetery in Stavanger .
Pompée - class ship of the line The Pompée - class ships of the line were a class of two 74 - gun third rate s . They were built for the Royal Navy to the lines of the French ship , a which had been captured by Britain in 1793 .
Marian Sowiński Gen . Marian Sowiński ( born August 26 , 1951 in Ruda , Poland ) is a Polish general . Brigadier - General Marian Sowiński has been commander of the special forces unit " GROM " ( Thunder ) from December 19 , 1995 until December 6 , 1997 .
Aarne Sihvo Aarne Sihvo ( 22 November 1889 – 12 June 1963 ) was a Finnish general . He was the Chief of Defence of the Finnish Defence Forces 1926 – 1933 and 1946 – 1953 . Sihvo is recipient of the Latvian military Order of Lāčplēsis , 2nd class . Sihvo was born in Virolahti and died , aged 73 , in Helsinki .
Battle of Chillopampa The Battle of Chillopampa was the first battle of the Inca Civil War Following the death of Sapa Inca Huayna Capac in 1527 , his legitimate heir Huáscar had angrily watched as illegitimate son Atahualpa inherited the northern parts of the vast Inca Empire and , probably in 1531 , sent his general Atoc to reclaim those areas viewed as rightfully belonging to him and to the line of the dynasty of Manco Cápac . The battle of Chillopampa Plains was the first major encounter , where the vast superiority and tactical experience of Atoc made the Huáscaran side emerge as victors . Atahualpa was captured in battle , but escaped to face the armies of his half - brother again in the battle of Chimborazo .
Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov ( ; 1 July 191131 August 2012 ) was a Soviet military commander , Hero of the Soviet Union , and served as Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union from 22 December 1984 until 30 May 1987 . Biography . The son of a tsarist army officer , Sokolov served in the Battle of Lake Khasan during the Soviet - Japanese Border Wars and also served on the Eastern Front during World War II . He was Commander of the Leningrad Military District from 1965 to 1984 and First Deputy Defense Minister from 1967 to 1984 . Sokolov was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1978 . He was in charge of Soviet ground forces during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . He personally led the main Soviet incursion of ground forces on the December 27 , 1979 . His actions and command strategies during the war made him one of the Soviet Union ' s most respected Marshals . On April 28 , 1980 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union . Sokolov was appointed Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union in 1984 and held this post until 1987 , when he was dismissed by Mikhail Gorbachev as a result of the Mathias Rust affair . He was also a candidate ( non - voting ) member of the Politburo from 1985 to 1987 . From 1992 , Sokolov was an advisor to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation . In July 2001 , he became an honorary citizen of Crimea , Ukraine . On turning 100 he stated , " Military service prestige will regain the importance it once had . " Sokolov died of undisclosed causes on 31 August 2012 , at the age of 101 . He was laid to rest on 3 September with full military honors at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow , next to his wife of 70 years , Samojlovna Maria Sokolova ( 19 December 1920 - 28 August 2012 ) who had predeceased him three days prior . He was survived by two sons , Colonel - General ( Retd . ) Valery Sergeyevich ( born September 30 , 1940 ) , now a lecturer at the Faculty of Command and General Staff Military Academy , and Colonel - General ( Retd . ) Vladimir Sergeyevich ( born January 21 , 1947 ) , who had retired during the war in Afghanistan and was chief of staff of the 40th Army . Dates of rank . " From the corresponding article in the Russian Wikipedia " Honours and awards . In July 2001 , the day of his 90th birthday , was awarded the title " Honorary krymchanin " and an honorary citizen of Evpatoria .