naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siege of Hostalric The Siege of was the first major action of the War Against John II . It took place on 23 May 1462 . Background . In 1460 , after John II imprisoned Charles of Viana , the Catalans at the Corts de Lleida formed the Consell del Principat in opposition to the government of John in Catalonia . The Consell demanded that John liberate Charles immediately and accept the Capitulation of Vilafranca , which prohibited John from entering Catalonia without the permission of the Generalitat so long as he disagreed with their legislation . John capitulated . The subsequent death of Charles only three weeks after his liberation threatened the peace . The king sent his wife , Joana Enríquez , to Barcelona with the intention of overturning the capitulation and sowing discord among the Catalan factions . The relationship between the queen and the representatives of the Catalan government was strained during the six months she was in Barcelona with her son , Charles ' successor as heir , Ferdinand . In March 1462 the queen and the prince left for Girona , while the " pagesos de remença " revolted against the government in hopes of receiving royal support and abolishing the " mals usos " . Leadup to battle . At Girona the queen convoked a general council on 23 April 1462 . She reorganised the citizen militia and proceeded to repair the city ' s walls and towers . On 12 May she sent a force of 200 men to Bernat Joan de Cabrera , head of the garrison of Hostalric . On 13 May the Consell del Principat sent an ambassador to the castle to assure that the council ' s army , which was marching on Girona , would be well received . In a final preparation for battle , Joana sealed an alliance with the leader of the " remences " , Francesc de Verntallat . The rebels agreed to bar the pass of the Consell ' s army at Hostalric , while Joana sent 600 men to reinforce the " remences " . A ship of arms and food was sent to Sant Feliu de Guíxols to gain time as the " remences " organised themselves . Siege . The army of the Consell was commanded by captain Pere de Bell - lloc i de Sentmenat . After easily frightening the " remences " of Verntallat into retreat on 23 May , Pere besieged Hostalric . The " remences " fled to Girona . To impress upon the town the urgency of surrender , Pere began destroying the surrounding vineyards and wheat fields . The townspeople opened the gates to the Consell and the town fell without a fight . The castle too was surrendered without combat , but the Tower of Friars , defended by a single man , was attacked by the crossbowmen . Bernat Joan de Cabrera was taken prisoner . On 29 May the Consell sent the remainder of their army stationed at Barcelona to besiege Girona . Hostalric remained a stronghold of the Consell until the end of the war .
Eyre Coote ( British Army officer ) Eyre Coote ( 20 May 1762 – 10 December 1823 ) ( General Sir Eyre Coote until 1816 ; GCB 1815 - 1816 ) was an Irish - born British soldier and politician who served as Governor of Jamaica . Background . He was the second son of the Very Rev . Charles Coote ( 1713 - 12 February 1776 ) , DD , Dean of Kilfenora and wife ( m . 31 July 1753 ) Grace Tilson ( - 1 January 1767 ) , brother of Charles Henry Coote ( 1754 – 1823 ) , who succeeded the last Earl of Mountrath as 2nd Baron Castle Coote in 1802 , and nephew of Sir Eyre Coote , KB , the celebrated Indian General , to whose vast estates in England and Ireland he eventually succeeded . Career . Following studies at Eton and Trinity College Dublin , Coote purchased a commission in the 34th Regiment of Foot - of which his uncle was colonel - in 1774 . He soon found himself bound for North America to fight in the American War of Independence , seeing action in Brooklyn in August 1776 , Brandywine , Germantown and Monmouth Court House before finally being taken prisoner at the final Battle of Yorktown in 1781 . Between 1790 and 1798 , he represented Ballynakill in the Irish House of Commons . Subsequently he sat for Maryborough until 1800 . He served in England and Ireland when they were threatened by French invasion and against the French on the Continent . He went on to serve in Holland , Egypt and eventually became Governor - General of Jamaica ( 1806 – 1808 ) where he possibly sired an ancestor of Colin Powell . Scandal and death . As " William Cooper " refers in his " History of the Rod . Flagellation and the Flagellants " , Sir Eyre was removed from the service on 21 May 1816 because of the scandal he caused in the Christ ' s Hospital school for boys . On 25 November 1815 he entered the school and offered some boys money for an opportunity to flog them . After that he asked them to flog him and rewarded them with money . Caught by the school nurse , he was charged for indecent conduct before the Lord Mayor of London and acquitted after " donating " £1000 to the school : after that , he was subject to a military inquiry in April 1816 which stripped him of his rank and honours . He was appointed GCB 1815 and stripped of it 1816 . Coote did not stand again for parliament at the dissolution of 1818 , and died 10 December 1823 . He was twice married , and left issue by both wives . His first wife , Sarah ( died 1795 ) , daughter of John Rodbard , is the subject of one of George Romney ' s famous paintings . External links .
George Gordon - Lennox Lieutenant - General Sir George Charles Gordon - Lennox , KBE , CB , CVO , DSO ( 29 May 1908 – 11 May 1988 ) was a British soldier . Military career . Gordon - Lennox was the eldest child of Lord Bernard Gordon - Lennox and a grandson of the 7th Duke of Richmond . His mother was Evelyn , daughter of Henry Loch , 1st Baron Loch . He was educated at Eton and was a Page of Honour to George V from 1921 – 1924 . After Eton , he trained at Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1928 . He fought with the Grenadier Guards in the Second World War , in which he was wounded , awarded the DSO and mentioned in despatches . In 1951 Gordon - Lennox was appointed Commanding Officer of the Grenadier Guards and in 1952 he was awarded the CVO . In 1952 he also became Commander of 1st Guards Brigade . He went on to be General Officer Commanding 3rd Division in 1959 . In 1960 he became Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and then Director - General of Military Training at the War Office in 1963 . A year later , he was knight ed and transferred to Scotland where he was General Officer Commanding - in - Chief of the Scottish Command and Governor of Edinburgh Castle until 1966 . In 1965 , he became Colonel of the Gordon Highlanders and his last post was in retirement , as King of Arms of the Order of the British Empire from 1968 until 1983 . Family . He married Nancy Brenda Darell and they went on together to have two sons ( the eldest was Major - General Bernard Gordon - Lennox ) .
Valens Thessalonicus Valens Thessalonicus ( d . ca . 261 ) was a Roman usurper against Roman Emperor Gallienus . Valens was the proconsul of Achaea under Gallienus . When Macrianus rebelled to Gallienus , he met the opposition of Valens , so he sent Piso to put him to death . It is not clear if Valens seized the imperial power to protect himself by this threat , or if the purple was imposed on him by his soldiers , but " Historia Augusta " reports his rise to the rank of Augustus ( 261 ) . Valens defeated and killed Piso , but he was soon slain by his soldiers . Valens is included among Trebellius Pollio ' s Thirty Tyrants .
Ole Elias Holck Ole Elias Holck ( 1774 – 1842 ) was a Norwegian military officer and politician . He represented the Bergenhus regiment at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814 . He was later also a member of the Parliament of Norway . He was decorated Knight of the Swedish Order of the Sword in 1818 .
8th Fleet ( Imperial Japanese Navy ) The was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) established during World War II . History . Established on 14 July 1942 , the IJN 8th Fleet was a headquarters unit established to direct Japanese naval operations in the Solomon Islands and New Guinea . The warship forces assigned to the 8th Fleet were known as the Outer South Seas Force and Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa was assigned as the first commander . The first warships assigned to the 8th included the heavy cruiser " Chōkai " , Cruiser Division 6 ( CruDiv6 ) which included the heavy cruisers " Aoba " , " Kinugasa " , " Kako " , and " Furutaka " , light cruisers " Tenryū " and " Yubari " , and four destroyers . On July 26 , Mikawa , with his flag on " Chōkai " , led the force from Truk to Rabaul , New Britain where he established his headquarters . He detached CruDiv6 to Kavieng , New Ireland . The IJN 8th Fleet under Mikawa engaged Allied forces in the Battle of Savo Island on August 8 – 9 , 1942 . In the battle , Admiral Mikawa ' s 8th Fleet defeated a numerically - superior allied force ( ' Task Force 62 . 2 ' , composed primarily of United States Navy vessels , but with a substantial Royal Australian Navy component , all under the command of British Rear Admiral Victor Crutchley VC ) and sank four of the eight cruiser s present , but failed to follow through and destroy the lightly protected American transports that had just landed troops on the island , initiating the Guadalcanal Campaign . The IJN 8th Fleet also played a major role in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal from November 12 – 18 , 1942 , during which the Japanese won a tactical victory , but suffered a strategic defeat due to large losses of irreplaceable ships and an inability to enable the delivery of sufficient army troops to retake Guadalcanal from Allied forces . The 8th Fleet subsequently played a major role in Operation Ke , the successful withdrawal of army forces from Guadalcanal the first week of February , 1943 that conceded victory to the Allies in the hard fought campaign . From December 20 , 1942 until the end of the war , the IJN 8th Fleet came under the operational authority of the Southeast Area Fleet . Its headquarters staff was later isolated on Bougainville Island with remnants of Imperial Japanese Army forces at the end of the war . Commanders of the IJN 8th Fleet . Commander in chief Chief of staff
Battle of Firebase Anaconda The Battle of Firebase Anaconda was a military engagement that took place on August 8 , 2007 . A group of roughly 75 Afghan militants mounted a rare frontal assault on a United States ' " Firebase Anaconda " , but were repulsed with approximately 20 fatalities . No Americans were killed . The attack was rare in that instead of using asymmetric warfare tactics such as launching mortars at the base and quickly retreating , the Taliban forces ' staged a direct assault on U . S . - led forces . Attack . The attacking force never got past the " Entry Control Point " , and failed to penetrate the base ' s defences . Aftermath . A month after the initial assault , a secondary attempt was made to overrun one of the Firebase ' s outer observation posts after a mortar attack . Ten militants were killed , again without inflicting any Coalition casualties .
Marine Corps League The Marine Corps League is the only Congressionally chartered United States Marine Corps - related veterans organization in the United States . Its Congressional Charter was approved by the 75th U . S . Congress and signed by President Franklin D . Roosevelt on August 4 , 1937 . The organization credits its founding — in 1923 — to legendary Marine Corps Commandant John A . Lejeune . The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Programs . The Marine Corps League supports various programs to promote and honor the spirit and traditions of the Marines :
969th Artillery Battalion ( United States ) The 969th Artillery Battalion was an African American United States Army unit that saw combat during World War II . Along with survivors of the 333rd Artillery Battalion , it gave fire support to the 101st Airborne Division during the siege of Bastogne . The 969th did not suffer the same harrowing casualties as the 333rd but was in the thick of it nonetheless . As a result of the 333rd ' s high casualty rate , those soldiers fought the rest of the war with the 969th even though on paper the members were still designated as the 333rd . The 969th was equipped primarily with the M1 155 mm howitzer , one of the heaviest artillery pieces in common usage by U . S . forces during World War Two . The gun crews of the 969th were known for singing in cadence as they loaded and fired their guns , and have been praised by many veterans who fought in and around Bastogne , including Donald R . Burgett ( cited below ) , for their deadly accuracy and precision .
Cuisses Cuisses are a form of medieval armour worn to protect the thigh . The word is the plural of the French word " cuisse " meaning ' thigh ' . While the skirt of a maille shirt or tassets of a cuirass could protect the upper legs from above , a thrust from below could avoid these defenses . Thus , cuisses were worn on the thighs to protect from such blows . Padded cuisses made in a similar way to a gambeson were commonly worn by knights in the 12th and 13th Centuries , usually over chausses and may have had poleyns directly attached to them . Cuisses could also be made of brigandine or splinted leather , but by the Late Middle Ages they were typically made from plate armour .
Latvian fleet that fought for the Allies in World War II The part of the Latvian fleet that fought for the Allies in World War II under the flag of Latvia consisted of eight freighters : Abagra , Ciltvaira , Regent , Everasma , Everalda , Everelza , Ķegums , and Everagra . Only two of them : Everagra and Ķegums survived the war . After the USSR took over Latvia on June 17 , 1940 and the country was annexed to the Soviet Union , the Soviet authorities issued orders for Latvian fleet to return home . Some of the ships obeyed the order , and their crews were deported to Gulag labor camp s . The eight ships denied the order . The town of Nags Head , North Carolina has a street named after " Ciltvaira " , which was the first Latvian ship sunk by Germans . It was torpedoed by German submarine U - 123 in the nearby coastal waters on 19 January 1942 .
Vayusena Medal The Vayusena Medal is an Indian military decoration , usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done . However it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy , though not in the same numbers as the " Vir Chakra " . Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the " Vayu Sena Medal " . The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards . Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories . One is " Vayu Sena " Medal ( Gallantry ) and the other " Vayu Sena " Medal ( Devotion to Duty ) . Description . Obverse : A four - armed silver star with the points shaped like lotus blooms . In the centre , the national emblem . Suspended by a straight bar suspender and normally named and dated on the edge . Reverse : A Himalayan Eagle with wings spread , and the legend , above and below , in Hindi " Vayu Sena Medal " or " Air Force / Medal " . Ribbon : 30 mm , alternating 2 mm diagonal ( lower left to upper right ) stripes of grey and orange - saffron . The ribbon has an overall " woven " appearance . Examples of recipients . To understand the award better , a sample recipient would be that of the second - award bar to Squadron Leader Harchand Singh Gill , Indian Air Force : " In October 1953 , a composite column of Assam Rifles and a Civil Administrative party was attacked by armed Tagins and some officers and men were killed . Sqn - Ldr . H . S . Gill was in command of the detachment of Dakotas for the airlanding of troops . The work of airlanding personnel and supplies on the two small available landing grounds was difficult . Notwithstanding the difficulties Sqn . - Ldr . Gill with his keen enthusiasm , boundless energy and courage personally carried out the major portion of the landings at Doporijo . By his tireless work , the airlift which had appeared impossible , became a reality . He showed courage and devotion to duty of the highest order . " Sqn - Ldr . H . S . Gill was born in Mullanpur , Punjab , India . He was born on March 25 , 1925 .
James Anson Otho Brooke James Anson Otho Brooke VC ( 3 February 1884 – 29 October 1914 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Brooke was a 30 - year - old lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion , Gordon Highlanders , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place at the First Battle of Ypres for which he was awarded the VC . On 29 October 1914 near Gheluvelt , Belgium , Lieutenant Brooke led two attacks on the German trenches under heavy rifle and machine - gun fire , regaining a lost trench at a very critical moment . By his marked coolness and promptitude on this occasion , Lieutenant Brooke prevented the enemy from breaking through the British line at a time when a general counter - attack could not have been organised . Having regained the lost trench , he went back to bring up supports , and while doing so , was killed . Lieutenant Brooke was posthumously promoted to captain , effective to September 1914 . He is interred at Zantvoorde British Cemetery ( CWGC ) , Zonnebeke , Belgium ( near Ypres ) . There is a memorial to him at Springbank Cemetery , Aberdeen . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Gordon Highlanders Museum in Aberdeen , Scotland .
Robert II , Count of Artois Robert II ( September 1250 – 11 July 1302 ) was the Count of Artois , the posthumous son and heir of Robert I and Matilda of Brabant . Life . Nephew of the sainted King Louis IX , as a young man Robert was fond of practical jokes and in later life owned a pet wolf . An experienced soldier , he took part in the Aragonese Crusade and attempted an invasion of Sicily in 1287 . He defeated the Flemings in 1297 at the Battle of Furnes . He was again sent into Flanders in July 1302 , where he began to ravage the countryside and attempted to take the town of Kortrijk . He then met the Flemish army at the Battle of the Golden Spurs . His infantry advanced with great success against the Flemings ( mostly city militia ) , but he ordered their recall to allow his cavalry to make the final , victorious charge . But on the broken , marshy ground , his knights were unable to gain enough momentum to break the Flemish shieldwall , and they were knocked down and slaughtered . Robert led some of the reserves in a second charge in an attempt to reverse their fortunes , but was cut down by the Flemish infantry . In 1288 Robert began work on a great park at Hesdin . The park contained a menagerie , aviaries , fishponds , orchards , an enclosed garden and facilities for tournaments . It also contained mechanical statues including waving monkeys draped in skins . Family . In 1262 in Paris Robert married Amicie de Courtenay ( 1250 – 1275 ) , daughter of , Seigneur de Conches , a great - grandson of Louis VI , and Perronelle de Joigny . They had three children : After Amicie ' s death , Robert married twice more : first , in 1277 , to Agnes of Dampierre ( 1237 – 1288 ) , heiress of Bourbon , and then , on 18 October 1298 to Margaret ( died 1342 ) , daughter of John II , Count of Hainaut . After Robert ' s death , his daughter Mahaut inherited Artois , but his grandson Robert III unsuccessfully tried to claim it . Popular culture . Robert is portrayed by Jim Howick in the Horrible Histories television series , in a sketch likening him to Ashton Kutcher .
HMS Resolution ( 1770 ) HMS " Resolution " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 12 April 1770 at Deptford Dockyard . She participated in the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1780 , the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 , and the Battle of the Saintes in 1782 . " Resolution " was broken up in 1813 .
HMS H25 HMS " H25 " was a British H class submarine built by Vickers Limited , Barrow - in - Furness , as part of the Batch 3 H class submarines . She was laid down on 27 April 1918 and was commissioned on 16 July 1918 . HMS " H25 " was sold on 19 February 1929 and was broken up in Charlestown , Fife .
Walter B . Smith ( Medal of Honor ) Walter B . Smith ( born 1827 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1827 in New York , Smith joined the Navy from that state . He served in the Civil War as an ordinary seaman on the . During the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he manned an artillery gun on the topgallant forecastle ( a deck at the top of the ship ' s forecastle ) . When " Richmond " became engaged with the , Smith fired his musket into the Confederate ship ' s gun ports . For these actions , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Smith ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Richmond " during action against rebel forts and gunboats and with the ram " Tennessee " in Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Cool and courageous at his station throughout the prolonged action , Smith rendered outstanding service at the 100 - pounder rifle on the topgallant forecastle and while firing his musket into the gun ports of the rebel " Tennessee " .
Aharon Ze ' evi - Farkash Aharon Ze ' evi - Farkash ( ) ( born 1948 ) is an Israeli general . He was the head of the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate ( " Aman " ) from 2002 to 2006 . Aharon Ze ' evi - Farkash was born in Romania . He received a B . A . and M . A . in Middle East and Islam Studies from Tel Aviv University , as well as an AMP / ISMP from Harvard Business School . He commanded the IDF Technological and Logistics Branch and the IDF Planning Branch . He is head of the Intelligence and National Defense Program of the Institute for National Security Studies ( INSS ) at Tel Aviv University . According to Der Speigel , before his retirement from the military he set up a secret commission to evaluate all available information on the missing Israeli navigator Ron Arad . The commission concluded that Arad died sometime between 1993 and 1997 . In 2006 , Ze ' evi - Farkash founded FST21 Ltd . , Advanced Security Technology Services , providing technologies and services for home safety and container security . FST21 has developed an award - winning building safety and security system that acts as a virtual doorman .
HMS Boreas ( 1774 ) HMS " Boreas " was a Modified sixth - rate frigate of the Royal Navy . She was first commissioned in August 1775 under Captain Charles Thompson . On 31 August 1779 " Boreas " , under the command of Captain Charles Thompson , captured the French flûte " Compas " , of eighteen 6 - pounder guns , which was carrying a cargo of sugar . " Compas " put up resistance for about 20 minutes , with the result that she suffered nine men killed and wounded before she struck . " Boreas " was part of a squadron under the command of Rear Admiral of the Red Hyde Parker on the Jamaica station .
HMAS Shoalwater ( M 81 ) HMAS " Shoalwater " ( M 81 ) , named for Shoalwater Bay in Queensland , was a Bay class minehunter of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . She was built by Carrington Slipways at its Ramsay Fibreglass facility in Tomago , New South Wales , launched on 20 June 1987 and commissioned on 10 October 1987 . " Shoalwater " was decommissioned on 14 August 2001 . She and sister ship were sold in 2002 for service in the Persian Gulf .