naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USRC Jefferson ( 1832 ) The United States Revenue Cutter " Jefferson " was one of 13 cutters of the Morris - Taney Class to be launched . Named after Secretaries of the Treasury and Presidents of the United States , these cutters were the backbone of the Service for more than a decade . Samuel Humphreys designed these cutters for roles as diverse as fighting pirates , privateers , combating smugglers and operating with naval forces . He designed the vessels on a naval schooner concept . They had Baltimore Clipper lines . The vessels built by Webb and Allen , designed by Isaac Webb , resembled Humphreys ' but had one less port . Named for the third President of the United States , Thomas Jefferson , she was the second Morris - Taney class cutter to be named after a President . In January 1833 , the " Jefferson " suffered damage in a collision during her initial cruise . She began her career in Norfolk , Virginia and the following year sailed to Charleston , South Carolina . She was placed under orders of the United States Secretary of the Navy on 6 January 1836 for service against the Seminole Indians in Florida , Captain John Jackson , USRM , in command . She sailed from Charleston on February 19 , and arrived in Pensacola on April 30 . From that time until 18 October 1837 she was active in the Gulf of Mexico visiting ports on the coast of Florida , Alabama , Mississippi , the Republic of Texas , and Mexico . From time to time her duties took her to the West Indies . Returning to the Treasury Department 18 October 1837 , " Jefferson " resumed her duties as a revenue cutter at Mobile , Alabama . After the war duty the revenue service found the cutter to be in complete disrepair , needing more than $ 5 , 000 of work . They sent " Jefferson " to Baltimore with the intention of selling her . The Government replaced her with a new " Jefferson " . Despite the expense , the cutter was repaired , and put back in service . Stationed in Savannah , Georgia she was renamed " Crawford " in April 1839 . This name was now available as the old " Swiftsure " , renamed the " Crawford " , was sold in 1839 . The " Crawford " , now stationed in New London , Connecticut , wrecked off Gardiners Point on 15 December 1847 .
United States Unified Medical Command The United States Unified Medical Command was a proposed Unified Combatant Command within the United States Department of Defense . The plan was rejected in December 2006 due to heavy resistance from Air Force Surgeon General Lieutenant General James G . Roudebush , who cited mission and cultural differences among the services as justification for keeping medical assets separate . The unified command would have merged the medical assets of the United States Navy , Air Force , and Army and reduced the duplication of effort that currently exists . The Department of Defense instead created a governance plan that creates joint oversight in four key areas : medical research , medical education and training , health care delivery in major military markets , and shared support services . Specifically , the Department of Defense will implement the following measures : To implement these changes , the Department of Defense will be creating a transition team to review options and recommend steps for implementation . The implementation process is expected to take at least two years . Additionally , the TRICARE Management Activity will be maintained , but with more focus on health insurance , contractor management and benefit delivery . Other responsibilities such as information technology will be transferred to the support services command .
Battle of Idomene The Battle of Idomene was a battle in the Peloponnesian War in 426 BC , between the Athenians and the Ambracia ns . The Ambracians , who were allies of the Spartans , had sent a relief force to help the army that had invaded Amphilochia previously . Unbeknownst to the Ambracians , the first army had been defeated , surrounded and scattered by the allied Athenians , Amphilochians and Acarnania ns the day before . The Ambracians , unaware of the incoming Athenian army , camped on the lower of two steep hills . Demosthenes , the Athenian commander , occupied the higher hill , obtaining a strategic advantage . Before dawn , while the Ambracians were still asleep , they were attacked and destroyed by the Athenians . Overall , the Ambraciots lost about 1 , 000 men over the two battles . Thucydides describes this disaster as : ' The greatest disaster to strike a single city in an equal number of days in this war . ' References . Kagan , Donald . The Peloponnesian War . Penguin Books , 2003 . ISBN 0 - 670 - 03211 - 5
1st Battalion , 1st Infantry Regiment The 1st Battalion , 1st Infantry Regiment is an infantry battalion in the 1st Infantry Regiment of the United States Army . Lineage . Constituted 3 March 1791 in the Regular Army as a company of the 2d Infantry Organized in March 1791 in New England Redesignated in 1792 as a company of the Infantry of the 2d Sub - Legion Redesignated 31 October 1796 as a company of the 2d Infantry Consolidated May – October 1815 with a company each of the 3d and 7th Infantry ( both constituted 12 April 1808 ) and a company of the 44th Infantry ( constituted 29 January 1813 ) to form a company of the 1st Infantry Designated 21 August 1816 as Company A , 1st Infantry Consolidated in April 1869 with Company A , 43d Infantry , Veteran Reserve Corps ( constituted 21 September 1866 ) , and consolidated unit designated as Company A , 1st Infantry Inactivated 10 January 1949 in Korea Activated 4 October 1950 at Fort Ord , California Reorganized and redesignated 15 May 1958 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , 1st Battle Group , 1st Infantry , and remained assigned to the United States Military Academy ( organic elements concurrently constituted and activated ) Redesignated 31 December 1964 as the 1st Battalion , 1st Infantry
Charles F . Wald General Charles " Chuck " F . Wald ( born 1948 ) is the former Deputy Commander of United States European Command . He retired on July 1 , 2006 , and was succeeded by General William E . Ward . Biography . General Wald earned his commission through the Air Force ROTC program in 1971 . He has combat time as an O - 2A forward air controller in Vietnam and as an F - 16 pilot flying over Bosnia . The general has served as a T - 37 instructor pilot and F - 15 flight commander . Other duties include Chief of the U . S . Air Force Combat Terrorism Center , support group commander , operations group commander , and special assistant to the Chief of Staff for National Defense Review . He was also the Director of Strategic Planning and Policy at Headquarters U . S . Air Force , and served on the Joint Staff as the Vice Director for Strategic Plans and Policy . General Wald commanded the 31st Fighter Wing at Aviano Air Base , Italy , where on August 30 , 1995 , he led one of the wing ’ s initial strike packages against the ammunition depot at Pale , Bosnia - Herzegovina , in one of the first NATO combat operations . He also commanded the 9th Air Force and U . S . Central Command Air Forces , Shaw Air Force Base , South Carolina , where he led the development of the Afghanistan air campaign for Operation Enduring Freedom , including the idea of embedding tactical air control parties in ground special operations forces . Prior to assuming his current position , he was Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and Space Operations at the Pentagon . The General is a command pilot with more than 3 , 600 flying hours , including more than 430 combat hours over Vietnam , Cambodia , Laos , Iraq and Bosnia . In the 1970 NFL Draft , Chuck Wald was selected in the 14th round by the Atlanta Falcons . While attending North Dakota State University , General Wald was a president of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity and a starting wide receiver of the Bison football team . General Wald , director and senior advisor to the Aerospace & Defense Industry for Deloitte LLP , is responsible for providing senior leadership in strategy and relationships with defense contractors and Department of Defense ( DOD ) program executives . He is a subject matter specialist in weapons procurement and deployment , counter terrorism , national , energy and international security policy . Prior to joining Deloitte , General Wald was the Vice President , International Programs for L - 3 Communications Corporation , based in Washington D . C . Wald serves as a co - leader of the National Security Project ( NSP ) at the Bipartisan Policy Center . Wald has argued that there is a military option for a strike against Iran .
Fort Richardson National Cemetery Fort Richardson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located on the Fort Richardson United States Army installation near Anchorage , Alaska . It encompasses and as of the end of 2006 , it had 4 , 527 interments . For much of the year , the grave sites are inaccessible due to snow fall . History . Established during World War II , the site was set aside to bury soldiers of any nationality who died in Alaska . After the war , many of the remains were disinterred and returned to their places of origin , but some remained in the cemetery , including 235 Japan ese soldiers who died in the Battle of the Aleutian Islands which were exhumed in 1953 to be cremated in proper Shinto and Buddhist ceremonies under the supervision of Japanese government representatives . In 1981 , Japanese residents of Anchorage erected a marker at the site of their interment . On May 28 , 1984 the cemetery officially became a National Cemetery .
Conflict Studies Research Centre The Conflict Studies Research Centre , or CSRC , is a unit of the Advanced Research and Assessment Group ( ARAG ) , itself part of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom , based at Shrivenham . It specialises in potential causes of conflict in a wide area ranging from the Baltics to Central Asia . This geographical focus was inherited from the Centre ' s original incarnation as the Soviet Studies Research Centre ( SSRC ) in 1972 , examining the Soviet military threat . The Centre now examines wider issues including foreign policy , energy security and demographic change . CSRC contains a small number of deep country specialists , providing in - house expertise on their subject countries to ARAG , as well as publishing research in their own right .
Ahmed Al Jaber Air Base Ahmed Al Jaber Air Base is a Kuwait Air Force installation with part designated for operations by the U . S . Air Force and its allies . Sitting 75 miles south of the Iraqi border , the base has supported active duty Air Force , Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve A - 10 and F - 16 fighter units , along with support individuals , rotated in and out . At Al Jaber AB , the 332 ELS Commander and 10 personnel were on one - year tours ; all others ( 1190 personnel ) rotated every 90 to 120 days . On 1 December 1998 , the 4406th Operations Group ( Provisional ) at Al Jaber Air Base inactivated and the 332nd Air Expeditionary Group activated . According to USA Today on 22 October 2003 the US Ambassador to Kuwait , Richard Jones , announced that the United States was reducing its presence at Al Jaber with the intent of fully reducing its forces at that location . USAF assets remaining in Kuwait are primarily stationed at Ali Al Salem Air Base .
Rudolf Cleve Rudolf Cleve ( 22 July 1919 – 30 October 1997 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Rudolf Cleve was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in August 1945 .
VEF I - 15 The VEF I - 15 was a Latvian advanced trainer aircraft of the 1930s . Two examples of the I - 15 , a small , single - engined monoplane were built by the VEF to the designs of Kārlis Irbītis and were used by the Latvian Air Force Development and design . In 1938 , the Latvian aircraft designer Kārlis Irbītis , working at the Valsts Elektrotehniskā Fabrika ( VEF ) at Riga commenced design of a single seat advanced trainer as a follow on to his earlier , similar VEF I - 14 aircraft . The I - 15 was a low - winged monoplane of all wooden construction , powered by a single de Havilland Gipsy Six air cooled engine , and fitted with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage . In April 1939 , the first prototype , the I - 15a , powered by a 200 hp ( 149 kW ) Gypsy Six I driving a two - bladed fixed - pitch wooden propeller , made its maiden flight , while a second prototype , the I - 15b , was powered by a 220 hp ( 167 kW ) Gypsy Six II engine driving a variable - pitch propeller , and armed with a single synchronised machine gun followed , this demonstrating improved performance . The two I - 15 prototypes were transferred to the Latvian Air Force for use as advanced trainers , while a further two aircraft , to be designated I - 15bis and powered by Hispano - Suiza 6 Mb engines were ordered by the Air Force , but on 17 June 1940 , the Soviet Union occupied Latvia , ordering all aviation related work to be stopped .
Alpine companies The Alpine companies ( ) were specialized mountain infantry troops that were part of the Austro - Hungarian land forces during the First World War . History . Because normal forces could not be employed on reconnaissance and combat tasks in the high mountains of the Alps , in 1916 Alpine " Streif " companies ( " Streifkompanien " ) were established . They were renamed in 1917 to " Hochgebirgskompanien " ( " Alpine companies " or , literally " high mountain companies " ) . The members of these companies represented all the ethnic group s of the monarchy together . They all had previous Alpine experience , either as a result of their agricultural experience or as Alpine tourists before the war , and were specifically trained for fighting in the mountains . The specially selected officer s and men of the mountain companies were issued with Alpine equipment , and were intended , and in practice were able , to overcome natural obstacles even in the most difficult terrain . Mission . The mission of this specialist force ( or " Schwarm " ) was to secure and maintain climbing paths and routes in high - Alpine terrain , as well as to make military supply routes practicable . For this , they were equipped with wire cables , rope ladders , iron bars and other equipment . Organisation . An Alpine company was divided into a company HQ , three rifle platoon s and a machine gun platoon equipped with two 07 / 12 machine guns , three to four mountain guide patrols , two telephone patrols and a technical section . The replacement of personnel came from the units available in the respective branch of the army . Those battle casualty replacement battalions ( " Ersatzbataillone " ) from which the majority of the men in the individual companies originated , were designated as a replacement cadres ; as a result they could be units in the Common Army or the " k . k . Landwehr " . Equipment . The personal equipment of a soldier in the Alpine companies consisted of : rucksack , alpenstock , snowshoe s ( " Schneereifen " ) , snow goggles , mountaineering boots , " Krötteln " ( crampon s ) and , in accordance with regulations of 1918 for the equipment and clothing in mountain warfare : a pair of ten - pointed crampons , full ski equipment , avalanche cord , a pair of shoe covers , a pair of overmitt s , a windcheater , windproof trousers and a snowsuit or - in its absence - a snow jacket . The Alpine companies were among the most highly decorated units of the imperial forces Several members were awarded the Military Order of Maria Theresa , for example , Lieutenant Peter Scheider of the 17 Alpine Coy for the capture of the Monticello Ridge on the Tonale Pass ( together with the 28 Coy under Lieutenant Toni Kaaserer ) in the summer of 1918 during Operation Avalanche ( " Unternehmen Lawine " ) .
Fort Cox , Eastern Cape Fort Cox in the Eastern Cape , South Africa was a frontier fort in the Amatola Mountains on a loop of the Keiskamma River . History . Dating back to 1835 , it was named after Major William Cox of the 75th Regiment and accommodated a garrison of six Royal Artillery , one company of British Infantry and 160 Hottentots . Like many fortifications of its time , it was simply an earth redoubt reinforced with stone and consisting of a quadrangle of strong stone cottages and walls . Surrounded by high hills , Mount MacDonald and Seven Kloof Mountain towering beyond , it was well situated as a base for patrols of the valleys and ravines of the Amatola and Keiskamma Mountains during the frequent wars and unrest of the period . The ruins of the fort are still to be seen . Fort White , situated on the Debe Flats , was its nearest neighbour on the way to King William ’ s Town . The site was abandoned in 1836 when the British left the region , and was rebuilt in 1846 to deal with the Seventh Xhosa War . On 29 December 1850 , during the Eighth Frontier War with the Xhosas , some 220 British troops were forced to retreat to Fort Hare after an unsuccessful attempt to relieve Sir Harry Smith , besieged at Fort Cox . The site currently houses the Fort Cox College of Agriculture & Forestry .
USS Harold J . Ellison ( DD - 864 ) USS " Harold J . Ellison " ( DD - 864 ) , a , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Ensign Harold John Ellison , a naval aviator who died during the Battle of Midway . ( An earlier destroyer escort assigned the name , USS " Harold J . Ellison " ( DE - 545 ) was cancelled in 1944 ) . " Harold J . Ellison " ( DD - 864 ) was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at Staten Island , New York on 3 October 1944 , launched on 14 March 1945 by Mrs . Audrey Ellison , the widow of Ensign Ellison and commissioned on 23 June 1945 . Service history . Beginning in 1947 , when she sailed from Norfolk on 10 November , " Harold J . Ellison " added periodic cruises to the Mediterranean with the 6th Fleet to her operations , helping to keep the peace and protect American interests in this vital area . She participated in the search for lost British submarine in April 1951 , and added cruises to the Caribbean and northern Europe in 1953 . From 1954 to 1956 she continued tactical training along the East Coast and participated in European cruises . Following the explosive Suez crisis , " Harold J . Ellison " , took part in vital peacekeeping operation during 1957 as the 6th Fleet helped stabilize the incident in the Eastern Mediterranean . The following summer the Lebanon crisis occurred as the government of Lebanon experienced a division between pro - Western and pro - Arab sides . The veteran destroyer screened aircraft carrier and heavy cruiser from July to September 1958 while the 6th Fleet landed Marines at the request of Lebanese President Camille Chamoun . " Harold J . Ellison " alternated operations along the east coast and in the Caribbean with the 2nd Fleet with deployments to the Mediterranean with the 6th Fleet , was assigned to Project Mercury as a part of the recovery unit on the Atlantic range in 1962 , underwent an extensive Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization ( FRAM ) overhaul at the New York Naval Shipyard , and served as plane guard for carriers on " Yankee Station " in the Tonkin Gulf , participated in " Sea Dragon " operations , patrolled on search and rescue duties and carried out naval gunfire support missions during the Vietnam War . " Harold J . Ellison " was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1983 , transferred to Pakistan and renamed " Shah Jahan " . The ship was scrapped in 1994 .
SM UC - 26 SM " UC - 26 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 22 June 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 18 July 1916 as SM " UC - 26 " . In 9 patrols " UC - 26 " was credited with sinking 39 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 26 " was rammed and sunk by off Calais on 8 May 1917 .
Fort Washington ( New York ) Fort Washington was a fortified position near the north end of Manhattan Island ( now part of New York City ) and was located at the highest point on the island . The Fort Washington Site is listed on the U . S . National Register of Historic Places . Establishment . During George Washington ' s defense of New York , during the American Revolution , Fort Washington and Fort Lee ( on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River ) were created both to prevent the British from going up river and to provide a secure escape route . General Washington realized he would have to defend New York but did not think he could hold it against the British . Evacuation . When Washington was forced to abandon New York , he crossed from Fort Washington to Fort Lee where its namesake , General Charles Lee , commanded . Battle of Fort Washington . Fort Washington was held by American forces under the command of Colonel Robert Magaw , who refused to surrender the fort to the British . He informed the British that he would fight to the last extremity . In the Battle of Fort Washington , British General William Howe ordered the Hessian soldiers under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen , and other British soldiers , totaling around 8 , 000 men , to capture the fort from the Patriots . They did so on November 16 , 1776 , taking 2 , 818 prisoners and a large store of supplies . The British renamed it Fort Knyphausen . The English had been materially assisted by one of Magaw ' s officers , William Demont , who on November 2 had deserted and furnished Howe with detailed plans of the American works . The American losses were 53 killed and 96 wounded in addition to the rest of the garrison taken prisoner . The British and Hessian troops suffered 132 killed and 374 wounded . At this battle was Margaret Corbin of Virginia , who is recognized as the first female soldier to fight in the American Army . Married to John Corbin of the First Company of the Pennsylvania Artillery , Margaret cleaned , loaded and fired her husband ’ s cannon when he was killed during the assault on Fort Washington . Although severely injured , Margaret survived the battle but never fully recovered from her wounds , leaving her unable to use her left arm . She is at least one of the candidates as the woman , or women , who inspired the legend of Molly Pitcher . The modern day location of Fort Washington is marked by Bennett Park on Fort Washington Ave . between West 183rd and West 185th Sts . in the Hudson Heights neighborhood of the Washington Heights section of New York City . The locations of the fort ' s walls are marked in the park by stones , along with an inscription . Nearby is a tablet indicating that the schist outcropping nearby is the highest natural point on Manhattan Island , one of the reasons for the fort ' s location . The park is a few blocks north of the George Washington Bridge . Along the banks of the Hudson River below is Fort Washington Park and the small point of land alternately called Jeffrey ' s Hook or Fort Washington Point , which is the site of the Little Red Lighthouse .
Battle of Rotebro The Battle of Rotebro was fought on 28 September 1497 between the armies of John , King of Denmark and Sten Sture the Elder , the deposed regent of Sweden . Sten Sture had fallen out of favor with the nobility and was deposed on March 1497 of his post as Regent of Sweden . The Danes invaded Sweden in July of that year , and defeated Sten ' s peasant army on 28 September at the town of Rotebro .