Chagatai Khan Chagatai Khan ( Urdu ; Persian : ; , " Tsagadai " ; b . 1183 – d . 1241 or 1242 ) was the second son of Genghis Khan . He was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1226 - 1242 C . E . The Chagatai language and Chagatai Turks take their names from him . He inherited most of what are now the five Central Asia n states after the death of his father . He was also appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the execution of the Yassa , the written code of law created by Genghis Khan , though that lasted only until Genghis Khan was crowned Khan of the Mongol Empire . The Empire later came to be known as the Chagatai Khanate , a descendant empire of the Mongol Empire . Chagatai Khan was considered hot - headed and somewhat temperamental by his relatives , because of his attitude of non - acceptance of Ogedai as Great Khan . He was the most vocal about this issue among his relations . Chaghatai himself appears to have been a just and energetic governor , though perhaps rough and uncouth , and addicted to hard drinking . At any rate , he was animated by the soldier - like spirit of his father , and succeeded in keeping order among as heterogeneous a population , as a kingdom was ever composed of . Administration & Religious Tolerance . In 1232 , when sedition showed itself at Bukhara , he acted with promptness , if with severity , and saved his country from a far - reaching calamity . He was , in all probability , an old - fashioned Mongol , for he stood by the Yassa and that he showed little favour to what was , at that time in his dominions , the comparatively new and rising religion of Islam . He must , however , have been fairly tolerant , for it is recorded that his minister for Transoxiana was a Muslim , called the Jumilat - ul - Mulk , and that mosques and colleges were founded during his reign . Chaghatai was neither ever inclined towards Christianity , though that religion , as practiced by the Nestorians , must have been familiar to him . Chaghatai ' s own capital was at Almaligh , in the valley of the Upper Ili , near the site of the present Kulja , and consequently in the extreme east of his dominion . His reason for fixing it in that remote position , instead of at Bukhara or Samarkand , was probably one of necessity . His Mongol tribesmen and followers ; the mainstay of his power — were passionately fond of the life of the steppes . The dwellers in houses and towns were , in their eyes , a degenerate and effeminate race ; the tillers of the soil , slaves who toiled like cattle , in order that their betters might pass their time in luxury . They would serve no Khan who did not pass a life worthy of free - born men and Chaghatai and his immediate successors probably saw , as his later descendants are described by Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat to have seen , that the one way of retaining the allegiance of his own people , was to humour their desires in this respect , and live , with them , a nomad ' s life . Death and Aftermath . Chaghatai died in 1241 , after a reign of about fourteen years , and within the same year the death of Ogedai occurred at Karakorum . Thus two out of four of the chief divisions of the Mongol empire were suddenly deprived of their sovereigns , with the result that nearly the whole of the successors of Genghis Khan were set disputing for the succession . However , for the time being , it ended in Turakina , Ogedai ' s widow , being appointed regent ; but there were set up lasting disputes among the rival claimants , and the seeds of much future mischief were sown . For long after , the disputes regarding the succession to the throne of the great Khan became inextricably mixed up with the affairs , more especially of the eastern part , of Chaghatai ' s Khanate . Little is known of the way in which Chaghatai disposed of his kingdom at his death , and there appears to be no mention , anywhere , of his having followed the ancestral custom of his house in distributing it among his descendants . He is recorded to have left a numerous family , but to have been succeeded by a grandson , and a minor , named Qara Hülëgü , while his widow , Ebuskun , assumed the regency . Mutukan . Chagatai ' s son Mutukan ( Mö ' etüken ) was killed during the siege of Bamiyan in 1221 . Turkistan , Transoxiana , and the adjacent regions were controlled directly by his descendents but not Kashghar , Yarkand , Khotan , Aksu , and the southern slopes of the Tian Shan mountains ; or , in other words , to the province south of the line of the Tian Shan , which is called , in our times , Eastern Turkistan . As regards this province , Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat says that it was given by Chaghatai , presumably at his death , to the clan or house of Dughlat , whose members were reckoned to be of the purest Mongol descent , and one of the noblest divisions of that people . The Dughlats were thus made hereditary chiefs , or " Amirs " , of the various districts of Eastern Turkistan , as far back as the time of Chaghatai , for it is chiefly on this incident that hinges the permanent division of the Chaghatai realm into two branches , at a later date . Baidar . Baidar was the second son of Chagatai Khan . He participated in the European campaign ( " The elder boys campaign " as it was known in Mongolia ) with his nephew Büri from 1235 - 1241 . He commanded the Mongol army assigned to Poland with Kadan and , probably , Orda Khan Early in May 1241 they entered Moravia . Various small , unprotected places were plundered . Only cities of Olomouc , Brno and Uničov resisted . When they attempt to take the town of Olomouc they were beaten by the Czech royal army in a battle of Olomouc , and Baidar were killed by King Václav , then rest continued via Brno , to join Batu ' s main army in Hungary . Although Bohemia remained unmolested , Moravia had much to endure . The destruction in Poland , Silesia and Moravia was all much of the same kind . Some European chronicles claim Baidar was not killed near Olomouc in 1240 as Baidar later participated in the election of Güyük Khan in 1247 . Genealogy . In the Baburnama , written by Babur , Page 19 , Chapter 1 ; describes the genealogy of his maternal grandfather Yunas Khan as : " Chughtai Khanates " A research project by Dr Abdul Rauf Mughal