naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fort de Giromagny Fort de Giromagny , also known as Fort Dorsner , was built between 1875 and 1879 . The fort forms the southern end of the defensive curtain of the Haute Moselle Region , abutting the Fortified region of Belfort , which lies to its south . The Haute Moselle defenses form a link between the fortified encampments of Épinal and Belfort . The fort overlooks the main roads to the northeast of Belfort , which form a crossroads at Giromagny . The fort was built as part of France ' s Séré de Rivières system of fortifications to defend France against a recurrence of the Prussian invasion of the 1870 - 71 Franco - Prussian War . The fort was among the most strongly armed forts in the northeast in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . It received the first revolving armored turrets to be installed in a land fortification in France . The fort ' s official name , Fort Dorsner , commemorates General Jean Philippe Raymond Dorsner , who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . Description . The trapeziodal fort is arranged to face to the north , its entry to the south . The pink sandstone walls enclose a court which contains a central block which in turn contained magazines and barracks , as well as two twin 155mm Mougin gun turrets , which constituted the fort ' s primary armament . It was originally furnished with a variety of guns on the ramparts , which were gradually reduced as the vulnerability of fixed gun emplacements in the open air became apparent . Six casemates were arranged for indirect fire , along with two satellite batteries . An optical signal post permitted communication with the Fort du Salbert to the south . An 1890 modernization suppressed the casemates and replaced caponier s with counterscarp s . Further modernizations saw the installation of electricity , three armored observation posts and detail improvements . More substantial changes , including the proposed installation of a 75mm gun turret were not carried out , but a shelter or " abri - caverne " for 100 soldiers was excavated . Portions of the fort were reinforced with concrete against shellfire during the First World War . History . In 1940 the fort was manned by the 7th Battery of the 159th Position Artillery Regiment ( RAP ) , part of the fortified region of Belfort under the French 8th Army , Army Group 3 . From 16 March 1940 the RF Belfort became the 44th Fortress Corps ( CAF ) . During the Battle of France the Mougin turrets fired on German forces . After the armistice the Germans used Giromagny to make propaganda films purporting to show the capture of a Maginot Line fortification using flamethrowers on a turret before blowing it up with dynamite . The Germans reinforced the fort during the war , but blew up the entry on retreating in 1944 . Fort de Giromagny has been in the care of a preservation association since 1988 . Visits may be arranged upon request .
Dermot McMorrough Kavanagh Colonel Sir Dermot McMorrough Kavanagh GCVO ( 1890 – 1958 ) was Crown Equerry of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom from 1941 to 1955 . He was educated at Eton College , and served in the 11th Hussars from 1909 . MacMorrough Kavanagh was Assistant Military Secretary in Eastern Command from 1926 to 1930 , and , on promotion to Lieutenant - Colonel , Commanding Officer of the 11th Hussars from 1932 to 1936 . In 1939 he was promoted to Colonel , and served in France in 1940 . He was an Equerry from 1937 to 1941 , and then succeeded Colonel Sir Arthur Erskine , GCVO DSO in 1941 . From 1957 until his death in 1958 he was an Extra Equerry .
George H . Eldridge George H . Eldridge ( May 12 , 1844 – November 20 , 1918 ) was an American soldier in the U . S . Army who served with the 24th Michigan Volunteer Infantry in the American Civil War and the 6th U . S . Cavalry during the Texas – Indian Wars . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry fighting the Kiowa Indians and Chief Kicking Bird at the Battle of the Little Wichita River on July 12 , 1870 . Biography . George H . Eldridge was born in Sackets Harbor , New York on May 12 , 1844 . He later moved to Michigan where , at the start of the American Civil War , he joined the 24th Michigan Volunteer Infantry which along with the 2nd , 6th and 7th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry regiments , would form the " Iron Brigade " of the Army of the Potomac . Eldridge returned to military service years later when he enlisted in the U . S . Army in Detroit and was assigned to the 6th U . S . Cavalry . He took part in campaigns against the Plains Indians during the Texas - Indian Wars , most notably , against the Kiowa in the late - 1860s . On July 6 , 1870 , he was among the cavalrymen under Captain Curwen B . McClelland who left Fort Richardson ( near Jacksboro , Texas ) to pursue renegade Indians who had seized mail from nearby Rock Station . After a 5 - day chase , McClelland ' s force was ambushed at Wichita River by a force of 250 warriors under Chief Kicking Bird resulting in the Battle of the Little Wichita River . Despite being outnumbered and outgunned , the cavalry troopers managed to force the Kiowas to retreat after heavy fighting . After returning to Fort Richardson , Eldridge and 12 other soldiers were received the Medal of Honor for " gallantry in action " on August 25 , 1870 . He died in Los Angeles , California on May 31 , 1918 , and interred at the Los Angeles National Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company C , 6th U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Wichita River , Tex . , 12 July 1870 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Sacketts Harbor , N . Y . Date of issue : 25 August 1870 . Citation : Gallantry in action .
Ivan Lenković Ivan Lenković ( died 22 June 1569 ) was a Croatian army general and the leader of the Uskoks . He is noted for the construction of Fortress Nehaj and as a captain of the Senj area . He also contributed in organizing the Military Frontier . During the Ottoman wars in Europe , Klis Fortress was on 7 April 1569 , liberated by Split noblemans Ivan Alberti and Nikola Cindro . Bey Mustafa responded by bringing under Klis Fortress more than 10 , 000 soldiers . General Ivan Lenković with 1 , 000 uskoks came in relief , to some 1500 Klis defenders . During the battle , Ivan Lenković withdrew , after he himself was wounded , and the fortress was delivered to the Turks , on 31 May . But this temporary relief resound in Europe , and among the local population . He died in Metlika , Slovenia on 22 June 1569 .
Gibraltar Brigade The " Gibraltar Brigade " was a famed infantry brigade within the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War . Noted for its tenacity in combat , the brigade drew its nickname from the steadfastness of the Rock of Gibraltar . It served in many of the leading battles of the Eastern Theater , including key actions during the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 when elements of the brigade counter - attack ed Confederates from North Carolina and the Louisiana Tigers on Cemetery Hill . Another portion of the brigade helped repulse Pickett ' s Charge the following day . Through much of the war , the Gibraltar Brigade was composed of the 4th Ohio Infantry , 8th Ohio Infantry , 14th Indiana Infantry , and the 7th West Virginia Infantry . The brigade was augmented by the 24th and 28th New Jersey before the Battle of Fredericksburg . Before the Overland Campaign in early 1864 , its ranks were bolstered by the addition of the 1st Delaware , 12th New Jersey , and the 10th New York Battalion . Its commanders included Nathan Kimball , Samuel S . Carroll , and Thomas A . Smyth .
Panos Kolokotronis Panos Kolokotronis ( ) was the eldest son of the Greek General Theodoros Kolokotronis and his mother was Aikaterini Karousou ( ) . He was born on the island of Zakynthos in 1800 , while his father was serving there as a Major in the British Army . He fought along with his father in the Greek War of Independence and distinguished himself in many battles . In 1822 , he married Eleni , the daughter of Laskarina Bouboulina . In 1825 , during the second civil war , he was murdered in Tripoli by order of the revolutionary government .
Franz Oswald Franz Oswald ( 9 August 1915 – 13 January 2003 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Republic of China Naval Academy The Republic of China Naval Academy ( ) is the military academy for the navy of the Republic of China . The academy is located at Nanzih District in Kaohsiung City . Transportation . The academy is accessible West from World Games Station of the Kaohsiung MRT .
HMS Inman ( K571 ) HMS " Inman " ( K471 ) was a British Captain - class frigate of the Royal Navy in commission during World War II . Originally constructed as the United States Navy " Evarts " - class destroyer escort DE - 526 , she served in the Royal Navy from 1944 to 1945 . Construction and transfer . The ship was laid down as the unnamed U . S . Navy destroyer escort DE - 526 by the Boston Navy Yard in Boston , Massachusetts , on 25 September 1943 and launched on 2 November 1943 . The United States transferred her to the United Kingdom under Lend - Lease on 13 January 1944 ; she was the last of the 78 destroyer escorts the United States transferred to the United Kingdom . Service history . The ship was commissioned into service in the Royal Navy as HMS " Inman " ( K571 ) under the command of Lieutenant Commander Philip Sydney Evans , RN , on 13 January 1944 simultaneously with her transfer . She served on patrol and escort duty for the remainder of World War II and was decommissioned in 1945 after the conclusion of the war . The Royal Navy returned " Inman " to the U . S . Navy on 1 March 1946 . Disposal . The United States sold " Inman " in November 1946 to George H . Nutman , Inc . , of Brooklyn , New York , for scrapping .
95th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 95th Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 32nd Division but was later transferred to the 5th Division . The brigade served on the Western Front and in the Italian Campaign .
Rolf Weinberg Rolf Weinberg ( 6 March 1919 – 23 June 2011 ) was a Second World War veteran who fought with the Free French Forces . He was the highest decorated Jewish officer in the Free French , having been awarded the Médaille militaire . Early life . Weinberg was born in the small Westphalian town of Herford in Germany to a Jewish family . His father was an Iron Cross decorated veteran of the Great War , and the director of the family ' s local chocolate factory . In 1936 , Weinberg ' s mother secured him the position of an apprentice in a knitting machine factory of a Jewish family in Stuttgart , where he gained experience in office administration . He enrolled in a course in textile engineering at a technical college in Reutlingen , to receive his engineering diploma in 1938 . In September of that year , Weinberg was tipped off that he was about to be arrested by the Gestapo . He managed to avoid capture , quickly moving to Hamburg before leaving for Montevideo , Uruguay at the age of 19 . World War II . In Montevideo . On December 1939 , Weinberg became personally involved in the naval Battle of the River Plate . Omitting his Jewish background and passing as a regular German immigrant , he was approached by the British Embassy and given the mission to feed false information to the crew of the German pocket battleship " Admiral Graf Spee " that an overwhelming British force was being assembled , and that it was futile to attempt to leave Montevideo Bay . Being deceived by the false intelligence , the " Graf Spee " ' s captain , Hans Langsdorff , decided to scuttle the ship . Free French service . Afterwards , Weinberg joined the Free French , where he was known by the name of " Henri Rovey " . He fought on several fronts , including the North African Campaign , under the command of Marie Pierre Koenig , and on the Gustav Line . In July 1943 , he and others took arms captured from the Afrika Korps and gave them to the Haganah ; he met with Moshe Dayan at this time . Weinberg also participated in several top secret missions for the Allies . The nature of several of these missions are considered top secret even today . Weinberg is considered by the Allies as a war hero , having received several high decorations from both British and French governments . Post - war . He wrote his memoirs in a book entitled " David ' s Fight " under the pseudonym of " David Silverbaum " . He died on 23 June 2011 aged 92 .
USS Appanoose ( AK - 226 ) USS " Appanoose " ( AK - 226 ) was a " Crater " - class cargo ship in the United States Navy named for the Meskwaki chief Appanoose and Appanoose County , Iowa . " A . J . Cassatt " was laid down on 20 June 1944 under a Maritime Commission contract ( MCE hull 2662 ) by the Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard Inc . , Baltimore , Maryland ; launched on 27 July 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . A . J . Cassatt . She was acquired by the Navy on 10 August 1944 , renamed " Appanoose " ( AK - 226 ) and commissioned on 26 September 1944 , Lieutenant Commander Volmer H . S . G . Holm in command . On 1 October , " Appanoose " proceeded to the Chesapeake Bay for shakedown . After loading cargo at Davisville , Rhode Island , the ship got underway for the Philippine Islands . " Appanoose " transited the Panama Canal ; made intermediate stops at Eniwetok and Ulithi ; and anchored at Tacloban , Leyte Island , on 21 December . Three days later , the ship moved to Samar to begin assembling pontoons . Despite enemy torpedo attacks , she successfully completed the task and withdrew to Tacloban on 21 January 1945 . " Appanoose " sailed on 23 January , bound for the west coast . After a brief stop at Manus , the ship continued on to the California coast and arrived at San Pedro , California on 23 February . " Appanoose " departed the west coast on 9 March and sailed for the Ryukyu s . After stops at Eniwetok and Ulithi , " Appanoose " reached Okinawa on 28 April and began discharging her cargo at Buckner Bay on 3 May . During the three months " Appanoose " was stationed at Okinawa , she endured numerous Japan ese air attacks . The ship claimed to have downed one Japanese plane and assisted in downing four more . On 5 August , " Appanoose " departed the Okinawa area and sailed in a convoy to Saipan , her first port of call on a voyage that took her by way of Pearl Harbor , to San Francisco , California . " Appanoose " made San Francisco on 5 September and , shortly thereafter , began a period of drydocking and availability . Upon completion of the repair work on 8 October , " Appanoose " headed for the Panama Canal Zone . Having transited the Panama Canal , the ship reported to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard , Portsmouth , Virginia , on 30 October . " Appanoose " was decommissioned there on 26 November 1945 and turned over to the War Shipping Administration . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 5 December 1945 . " Appanoose " earned one battle star for her World War II service
Samuel Pasco Samuel Pasco ( June 28 , 1834March 13 , 1917 ) was a United States Senator from Florida . Pasco was born in London , England , to a family of Cornish ancestry . His family moved to Prince Edward Island in 1841 before moving to the United States in 1843 and settled in Charlestown , Massachusetts . Pasco attended Harvard University and then moved to Florida in 1859 . He served as principal of the Waukeenah Academy , a school in Monticello , Florida , from 1860 to 1861 . When the American Civil War began , though he had only lived in the South for two years , Pasco joined the army of the Confederate States of America . He fought as a member of the Florida Third Volunteers . He was captured in Mississippi and imprisoned by the United States for the rest of the war . He was released in March 1865 and immediately returned to Florida to resume his post as principal of the Waukeenah Academy . He resigned from that position in 1866 but remained in Florida , serving as clerk of Jefferson County from 1866 to 1868 . He eventually became a prominent lawyer in the area . In 1885 , he was the President of a convention which made a new constitution for Florida . He was a member of the Florida State Assembly from 1886 to 1887 and briefly served as speaker in 1887 . In 1887 , Pasco was elected to the U . S . Senate from Florida , as a member of the United States Democratic Party . He served in the Senate for two terms , until 1899 , when he was defeated for reelection . He then became a member of the Isthmian Canal Commission , which decided that a canal should be built through the isthmus of Panama . He remained on this commission until 1905 , when work on the canal began . Pasco then retired from public life and moved back to Monticello . He died in Tampa , Florida and was buried in the Roseland cemetery in Monticello . Pasco County , Florida is named for him .
Albert Cushing Read Albert Cushing " Putty " Read ( March 29 , 1887 - October 10 , 1967 ) was an aviator and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy . Biography . Read was born in Lyme , New Hampshire into a Boston Brahmin family . He attended the U . S . Naval Academy at Annapolis , graduating in the Class of 1907 . In 1915 , he was designated Naval Aviator No . 24 . As a Lt . Commander in May 1919 , Read commanded a crew of five on the " NC - 4 " Curtiss flying boat , the first aircraft ever to make a transatlantic flight , eight years before Charles Lindbergh ’ s historic solo , non - stop flight , and a couple of weeks before Alcock and Brown ' s non stop flight . Read ' s flight started from Rockaway Beach , Long Island , took 23 days before arriving in Plymouth , England . The six stops included layovers at Trepassey Bay , Newfoundland , the Azores , and Lisbon , Portugal . Later in 1919 , upon returning to the U . S . , Read predicted : " It soon will be possible to drive an airplane around the world at a height of 60 , 000 feet and 1 , 000 miles per hour . " The next day , " The New York Times " ran an editorial in reaction , stating : " It is one thing to be a qualified aviator , and quite another to be a qualified prophet . Nothing now known supports the Lieutenant Commander ’ s forecast . An airplane at the height of 60 , 000 feet would be whirling its propellers in a vacuum , and no aviator could live long in the freezing cold of interstellar space . " In 1929 , Read and the rest of the flight crew of NC - 4 were awarded Congressional Gold Medals . Read trained naval aviator s through World War II . He was nicknamed " Putty Read " because his face rarely showed any emotion . He died in retirement in Coconut Grove , Florida in 1967 , and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Megadeath Megadeath ( or megacorpse ) is a term for one million deaths by nuclear explosion . The term was used by scientists and thinkers who strategized likely outcomes of all - out nuclear warfare . The Oxford English Dictionary ' s first citation for the term is a 1953 article from the " Birmingham News " , and it appears again in 1959 in the " New Statesman " . The term was used to refer to the " megadeath intellectuals " , the group of thinkers surrounding RAND Corporation strategist Herman Kahn . The concept was notably discussed in Kahn ' s 1960 book , " On Thermonuclear War " . In the book , Kahn observes that " It was difficult for people to distinguish in the early 1950s between 2 million deaths and 100 million deaths . Today , after a decade of pondering these problems , we can make such distinctions perhaps all too clearly . Most of the decision makers and planners who have been facing the prospects of a thermonuclear war would find it difficult to distinguish between zero and two million deaths and very easy to distinguish between two million and a hundred million deaths . " In a table , Kahn outlines " tragic but distinguishable postwar states " in which the number of deaths range from 2 to 160 million , and asks " will the survivors envy the dead ? " . Though the term was created in order to discuss the likely consequences of conducting nuclear war , such a large number of deaths could also be associated with other weapons of mass destruction . Popular culture . The 1983 American thrash metal band Megadeth takes its name from the unit . Stanley Kubrick ' s 1964 film " " , adapted from Peter George ' s 1958 novel " Red Alert " , was heavily influenced by Kahn ' s writings . In the film , General Buck Turgidson ( played by George C . Scott ) carries a binder titled " World Targets in Megadeaths . " Turgidson promotes an all - out pre - emptive strike , which he feels will result in acceptable American casualties , with the phrase " . . . choose between two admittedly regrettable , but nevertheless , distinguishable post - war environments : one where you ' ve got 20 million people killed , and the other where you got 150 million people killed . "
Donald R . Moyer Donald Raymond Moyer ( April 15 , 1930 – May 20 , 1951 ) was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War . He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on May 20 , 1951 . Moyer joined the Army from Keego Harbor , Michigan in 1948 . He died May 20 , 1951 near Seoul , Korea and is buried in Perry Mount Park Cemetery Pontiac , Michigan . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant First Class , U . S . Army , Company E , 35th Infantry Regiment , 25th Infantry Division Place and date : Near Seoul , Korea , May 20 , 1951 Entered service at : Keego Harbor , Michigan Born : April 15 , 1930 , Pontiac , Michigan G . O . No . : 19 , February 1 , 1952 Citation : Sfc . Moyer assistant platoon leader , Company E , distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations . Sfc . Moyer ' s platoon was committed to attack and secure commanding terrain stubbornly defended by a numerically superior hostile force emplaced in well - fortified positions . Advancing up the rocky hill , the leading elements came under intense automatic weapons , small - arms , and grenade fire , wounding the platoon leader and platoon sergeant . Sfc . Moyer , realizing the success of the mission was imperiled , rushed to the head of the faltering column , assumed command and urged the men forward . Inspired by Sfc . Moyer ' s unflinching courage , the troops responded magnificently , but as they reached the final approaches to the rugged crest of the hill , enemy fire increased in volume and intensity and the fanatical foe showered the platoon with grenades . Undaunted , the valiant group forged ahead , and as they neared the top of the hill , the enemy hurled a grenade into their midst . Sfc . Moyer , fully aware of the odds against him , unhesitatingly threw himself on the grenade , absorbing the full blast of the explosion with his body . Although mortally wounded in this fearless display of valor , Sfc . Moyer ' s intrepid act saved several of his comrades from death or serious injury , and his inspirational leadership and consummate devotion to duty contributed significantly to the subsequent seizure of the enemy stronghold and reflect lasting glory on himself and the noble traditions of the military service .