naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Stephen Coonts Stephen Coonts ( born July 19 , 1946 ) is an American thriller and suspense novelist . Coonts grew up in Buckhannon , West Virginia , a small coal - mining town , and earned a B . A . degree in political science at West Virginia University in 1968 . He entered the Navy the following year and flew an A - 6 Intruder medium attack plane during the Vietnam War , where he served on two combat cruises aboard the USS " Enterprise " ( CVN - 65 ) . He accumulated 1600 hours in the A - 6 Intruder and earned a number of Navy commendations , including the Distinguished Flying Cross . ( His navigator - bombardier was LTjg Stanley W . Bryant , who later became a Rear Admiral and deputy commander - in - chief of the US naval forces in Europe . ) After the war Coonts served as a flight instructor for A - 6 aircraft for two years , then did a tour as an assistant catapult and arresting gear officer aboard USS " Nimitz " ( CVN - 68 ) . After being honorably discharged from duty as a lieutenant in 1977 , Coonts pursued a Juris Doctor ( J . D . ) degree at the University of Colorado , graduating in 1979 . He then worked as a lawyer for several oil and gas companies , pursuing his writing interests in his free time . Coonts published short stories in a number of publications before writing " Flight of the Intruder " in 1986 . That book , based in part on his experiences as an A - 6 pilot during the Vietnam War , spent 28 weeks on the " New York Times " bestseller lists , and later ( 1991 ) was made into a movie . This launched his career as a novelist , and he continued writing adventure - thrillers , most of them based on the main character from his first book , Jake Grafton . Coonts has also written several other series and stand - alone novels , but is best known for the Grafton books . In 1992 , he was inducted into the Academy of Distinguished Alumni at his alma mater , West Virginia University . Today Coonts continues to write , having had seventeen " New York Times " bestsellers ( out of 20 books ) . He lives in Colorado with his wife , Deborah Jean .
Willy Lehnert Willy Lehnert ( 9 March 1916 – 10 July 1975 ) was a German Luftwaffe bomber radio operator and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He received this award after more than 300 combat missions . Lehnert was a member of the Hermann Hogeback bomber crew . Hogeback ' s crew earned the distinction of being the only crew to have all members awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross by the end of the war , and Lehnert was the second , aside from Hogenback himself , of the three crew members to be awarded after " Oberfeldwebel " Günter Glasner on 31 December 1943 . Willy Lehnert joined the Luftwaffe in 1937 . He flew his first combat mission from Sicily in March 1940 . In July 1941 he was able to shoot down two of twelve attacking British fighters and so saved the Junkers Ju 88 from destruction .
Julius Curtis Townsend Julius Curtis Townsend ( February 22 , 1881 – December 28 , 1939 ) was born in Missouri . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1902 . He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz , 1914 . He was awarded the Navy Cross and served in World War I . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Lieutenant Organization : U . S . Navy Born : 22 February 1881 , Athens , Mo . Accredited to : Missouri Date of issue : 12 / 04 / 1915 Citation : For distinguished conduct in battle , engagement of Vera Cruz , 22 April 1914 . Lt . Townsend was eminent and conspicuous in command of his battalion . He exhibited courage and skill in leading his men through the action of the 22d and in the final occupation of the city .
Second Great Fire of London The " Second Great Fire of London " is a name used at the time to refer to one of the most destructive air raids of the London Blitz , over the night of 29 / 30 December 1940 . Between 6 pm and the early hours of the morning , more than 24 , 000 high explosive bombs and 100 , 000 incendiary bombs were dropped . The raid and the subsequent fire destroyed many Livery Halls and City churches and gutted the medieval Great Hall of the City ' s Guildhall . The largest continuous area of Blitz destruction anywhere in Britain occurred on this night , stretching south from Islington to the very edge of St Paul ' s Churchyard . The area destroyed was greater than that of the Great Fire of London in 1666 . The raid was timed to coincide with a particularly low tide on the River Thames , making water difficult to obtain for fire fighting . Over 1500 fires were started , with many joining up to form three major conflagrations which in turn caused a firestorm that spread the flames further , towards St Paul ' s Cathedral . Prime Minister Winston Churchill urged that the Cathedral be saved at all costs . It was saved only by the dedication of the London firemen who kept the fire that was raging in St Paul ' s Churchyard away from the Cathedral , and of the volunteer firewatchers of the St Paul ' s Watch who fought to put out the incendiaries or firebombs on its roof . The 200 members of the St Paul ' s Watch were mainly recruited from the Royal Institute of British Architects who knew the vulnerabilities of the structure and where to target firefighting efforts . More than 160 civilians died during that night , with many more dying of their injuries sustained in this raid in the days that followed ; 14 firemen died fighting the fires and 250 were injured . Buildings completely destroyed in the fire storm included 19 churches , 31 guild halls and all of Paternoster Row . Paternoster Row was the centre of the London publishing trade and an estimated 5 million books were lost in the fire . A famous photograph , St Paul ' s Survives , taken from the roof of the " Daily Mail " building by Herbert Mason shows the dome of St Paul ' s Cathedral rising above clouds of black smoke . The photograph was cropped for publication , with the original showing many more destroyed buildings in the foreground .
Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention The Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention is a military doctrine that was issued in 1928 by Mao Zedong and his associates for the Chinese Red Army , who were then fighting against the Kuomintang . The contents vary slightly in different versions . One of the major distinctions of the doctrine was its respect for the civilians during wartime . The following version is obtained from Stephen Uhalley ( 1975 ) . The three rules enjoined The eight points were : An alternative , more literal translation into English was presented by People ' s Daily . The Three Main Rules of Discipline : The Eight Points for Attention : These injunctions were usually complied with and , according to historian Stephen Uhalley , came to make the Chinese Red Army a distinctive army in China and an exceptionally popular one . The attitude of the Three Rules and the Eight Points heavily contrasted with the Nationalist Kuomintang armies led by Chiang Kai - shek , who were fighting the Chinese Red Army in the Chinese Civil War . For example , Nationalist armies tended to board in civilian houses without permission , tended to be rude and disrespectful towards the civilians , or sometimes even confiscated material from the peasants in order to gain supplies . The Chinese Red Army however , under the Three Points of Discipline and Eight Points of Attention " requested permission " to take supplies and to board at houses instead , and any confiscation of peasant property were exceptions and violators were promptly punished . For example , Red Army soldiers will be shot on the spot , if they were found looting peasant homes . Many impressed villagers gave supplies and shelter to the Red Army voluntarily , greatly helping their war efforts . Eventually , many villagers and their sons and daughters joined the Red Army , providing the Red Army with sufficant manpower to combat the Japanese and Kuomintang . It was common after a confiscation of items from warlords that the items would be redistributed among the people , in addition to supplying the Chinese Red Army . As a result , the peasants tended to spread disinformation to the Kuomintang when they arrived to pursue the Chinese Red Army , while showing the Chinese Red Army hospitality whenever they arrived at villages . This invariably resulted in attrition of the Kuomintang forces . This contrasting doctrine in comparison with the Kuomintang inevitably became one of the major reasons for winning most of the Chinese people ' s support , and thus the victory of the Chinese Red Army over the Kuomintang in 1949 . The people ' s support for the Red Army proved to be more important than the raw manpower that Kuomintang initially enjoyed .
Hans Reissner Hans Jacob Reissner , also known as Jacob Johannes Reissner , ( 18 January 1874 – 2 October 1967 ) was a German aeronautical engineer whose avocation was mathematical physics . During World War I he was awarded the Iron Cross second class ( for civilians ) for his pioneering work on aircraft design . Background . During the Third Reich he was able to work in the aircraft industry although he did not have an " Arierzeugnis " . In 1938 he emigrated from the country to which he had contributed so much . He taught at the Illinois Institute of Technology ( 1938 – 44 ) and the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn ( 1944 – 54 ) . Curiously , it was this engineer , rather than a physicist or mathematician , who first solved Einstein ' s equation for the metric of a charged point mass . His Reissner – Nordström metric demonstrated that an electron has a naked singularity rather that an event horizon . Eric Reissner ( Max Erich Reissner , 1913 – 1996 ) , his son , developed Mindlin – Reissner plate theory .
Redoubt Four ( West Point ) Redoubt Four was a supporting defensive position of Fort Putnam during the Revolutionary War defensive network at West Point . It was constructed under the command of Tadeusz Kosciuszko in 1778 - 1779 . During the war , it was a key defensive overwatch position for Fort Putnam 300 feet below , which was in turn the key overwatch position for Fort Clinton . According to Benedict Arnold , the fort required approximately 100 soldiers to man it . The redoubt was partially restored in 1975 - 1976 as part of the bicentennial celebration . It can be accessed by foot year round from Patrick Trail ( road ) approximately . 5 miles from the West Point Post Exchange complex .
Conrad Schmidt Conrad Schmidt ( born 1969 ) is a social activist , filmmaker and writer living in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada who is best known for his role in founding the Work Less Party of British Columbia and for creating the internationally known World Naked Bike Ride protest . Biography . Schmidt was born and raised in South Africa and moved to Vancouver , British Columbia , in 1998 where he presently resides . Community involvement . In 2003 , Schmidt organised a protest in which 50 demonstrators from Artists Against War formed a peace sign with their naked bodies to protest against possible US action in Iraq . Schmidt created the international clothing - optional World Naked Bike Ride ( WNBR ) in 2004 . In 2003 Schmidt was a coordinator for the Work Less Party of British Columbia , a political party which advocates a 32 - hour work week and reduced consumerism . Media activities . Schmidt is the author of " " . and Efficiency Shifting , as well as the director of the documentary , Five Ring Circus .
Calvin Graham Calvin Leon Graham ( April 3 , 1930 – November 6 , 1992 ) was the youngest U . S . serviceman , during World War II . Following the attack on Pearl Harbor , he enlisted in the Navy in May 1942 , at the age of 12 . He was wounded at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal , while serving aboard the USS " South Dakota " . During the battle , he helped in the fire control efforts aboard the " South Dakota " , but suffered fragmentation wounds in the process . For his actions he was awarded the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart . However , his mother later revealed his age . For lying about his age he spent three months in a brig ( he was not released until after his sister threatened to contact the newspapers ) and was dishonorably discharged in May 1943 , thereby losing disability benefits . The " South Dakota " ' s gunnery officer , who was involved in handling his case , was Sargent Shriver . Graham later joined the United States Marines at age 17 , but his service ended about three years later when he fell from a pier and broke his back . Although serving in the Marines qualified him as a veteran , he would spend the rest of his life fighting for medical benefits and a clean record . In 1978 , he was finally awarded an honorable discharge , and after writing to Congress and with the approval of President Jimmy Carter , all medals but his Purple Heart were reinstated . His story came to public attention in 1988 , when his story was told in the TV movie , " Too Young the Hero " . He was played by Rick Schroder . He received disability and back pay in 1988 after President Ronald Reagan signed legislation that granted Graham full disability benefits , increased his back pay to $ 4917 and allowed him $ 18 , 000 for past medical bills , contingent on receipts for the medical services . By this time , some of the doctors who treated him had died and many medical bills were lost . He received only $ 2 , 100 of the possible $ 18 , 000 . While the money for the rights to his story for the movie , " Too Young The Hero " amounted to $ 50 , 000 , 50 % went to two agents and 20 % went to a writer of an unpublished book about Graham . He and his wife only received $ 15 , 000 before taxes . His Purple Heart was finally reinstated and presented to his widow , Mary , nearly two years after his death in 1992 from heart failure . Graham ' s U . S . military honors — as finally settled circa 1994 after intervention by Presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton :
A - class minesweeper The " A " class were four minesweepers of the Royal Netherlands Navy . They were the first minesweepers of the Dutch Navy specifically designed as such , as earlier minesweepers were converted tugboats . The " A " class was based on a German design used during the First World War . All ships of the " A " class were built between 1928 and 1930 at Willemsoord , Den Helder . All four ships were commissioned on 4 August 1930 , and two days later , on 6 August 1930 , all four sailed to the Dutch East Indies , arriving at Surabaya on 30 October 1930 . During the Japanese invasion of March 1942 all four ships were scuttled by their crews . Three of the ships , " A " , " B " and " C " , were salvaged and put into service with the Imperial Japanese Navy as auxiliary submarine chasers no . 113 , 112 and 116 . All were sunk by US forces in 1944 – 1945 .
Artificial Lake Castle The Artificial Lake Castle was built in 1969 , when the National Amusement Park was established in the centre of the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar . It is surrounded by an artificial lake and fortress walls in an eastern - Asian style . Inside the walls is a three - storey building . There are three watch towers . Since its establishment , an Ethnographic Museum operated in it until the mid - 2000s . The castle has been rebuilt from 2010 assuming an appearance of a Western castle . The mock castle is part of an amusement complex together with the lake , and dock house .
Harry F . Weyher Jr . Harry F . Weyher Jr . ( August 19 , 1921 – March 27 , 2002 ) was an American lawyer and president of the Pioneer Fund from 1958 to 2002 . Born in Wilson , North Carolina , Weyher attended the University of North Carolina . After serving in World War II , he graduated " magna cum laude " from Harvard Law School in 1949 , where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review . Early in his career , he worked for Cravath , Swaine & Moore and served as special assistant attorney general to the New York State Crime Commission . In 1954 , he co - founded the New York City firm Olwine , Connelly , Chase , O ' Donnell & Weyher . He became an adjunct associate professor at New York University School of Law and a member of the Society of the Cincinnati . Later in his professional career , he was " of counsel " to the law firm of Hollyer , Brady , Smith , Troxell , Barret , Rockett , Hines , and Mone . He died in La Grange , North Carolina in an area where his family has lived for generations . World War II . Harvard Law classmate Leon Baker on Weyher ' s service during World War II :
10th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 10th Infantry Brigade was a regular British Army brigade . During the First and Second World War this brigade was part of the 4th Infantry Division throughout the war . The 10th Brigade saw service as part of the British Expeditionary Force sent to France in 1940 . After being based in Britain it was sent to Algeria and Tunisia in 1943 where it fought the Germans . After this the brigade fought in Italy through most of 1944 , before being shipped off to Greece as part of Lieutenant General Scobie ' s III Corps , where it ended the war . Following the reactivation of 4th Infantry Division on April 1 , 1956 from the 11th Armoured Division , the 10th Brigade again became part of the division ( along with the 11th and 12th Brigades ) . However it was disbanded later .
German submarine U - 93 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 93 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 9 September 1939 at the F . Krupp " Germaniawerft " in Kiel as ' werk ' 598 , launched on 8 June 1940 and commissioned on 30 July 1940 under " Kapitänleutnant " Claus Korth . She sank eight ships of 43 , 392 GRT in seven patrols but was herself sunk by a British destroyer in January 1942 . Operational career . The boat ' s first patrol was preceded by a trip from Kiel to Kristiansand in Norway . 1st patrol . She left the Norwegian port on 9 September 1940 , heading for St . Nazaire in France which she reached , via the North Sea and the ' gap ' between the Faroe and Shetland Islands , on 25 October . On the way , she sank the " Hurunui " on the 15th , west of the Butt of Lewis , ( the most northerly point of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides ) . Two crew members died , but there were 73 survivors . She was also attacked three times in one day ( 17 October ) , twice by ships and once by an aircraft ; no damage was caused . She sank the " Dokka " south of Iceland on the 17th : The survivors were then questioned by the Germans ( a fairly common practice ) . They said that the sunken ship was the " Cukna " , but Korth saw through this " ruse de guerre " . " U - 93 " was forced to dive by the presence and gunfire of HMS " Folkestone " . After that , the boat headed for mid - ocean before docking at her French Atlantic base . 2nd , 3rd and 4th patrols . " U - 93 " s second voyage was uneventful , but during her third sortie she sank the " Dione II " with gunfire , northwest of Northern Ireland . She was also attacked by an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley of No . 502 Squadron RAF . The damage was such that the boat required repairs lasting three months . The submarine ' s fourth patrol , which commenced on 12 July 1941 , was disrupted when three men were wounded in an accident involving a machine gun . Nevertheless , she sank the " Elusa " on 21 May south southeast of Cape Farewell ( Greenland ) . 5th and 6th patrols and loss . Her fifth patrol took her as far south as a point west of Western Sahara . She was unsuccessfully bombed on the return journey west of Cape St . Vincent in Portugal The boat ' s sixth patrol was to an area east of Newfoundland and Labrador on the Canadian side of the Atlantic . Her seventh and final sortie began with her departure from St . Nazaire on 23 December 1941 . She was sunk by depth charge s dropped by HMS " Hesperus " between Portugal and the Azores on 15 January 1942 .
Gilbert Bostsarron Gilbert Bostsarron was born in 1903 in Saint - Galmier , Loire . He was educated as an engineer at the École de la Métallurgie et des Mines in Nancy . In 1927 he joined the engineering company Société franco - belge ( Raismes ) , in 1934 he became a chief officer of the company , and in 1938 its deputy Director . In 1940 he became responsible for the management of the company after its director had fled to Canada . In 1941 he became a member of the French Resistance . He contributed to the underground publication " La Voix du Nord " , and joined the Libération - Nord resistance movement , taking advantage as his position as director of the " Société franco - belge " to pass information whilst on business trips to Lille and Paris , and arrange the aerial bombing of the workshops of the " franco - belge " when a German locomotive was being serviced there . In 1943 German counter intelligence located a radio transmitter of his resistance network , and twenty members of the network were arrested , including Gilbert Bostarron ; after a military trail he shot at the fort at Bondues on 20 January 1944 .
Reinhard Günzel ( pilot ) Reinhard Günzel ( 2 February 1907 – 5 December 1970 ) was a German Luftwaffe bomber pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he was credited with 535 combat missions .
Leroy H . Vokes Leroy H . Vokes ( November 12 , 1849 – June 11 , 1924 ) was an American soldier in the U . S . Army who served with the 3rd U . S . Cavalry during the Indian Wars . A veteran of campaigns against the Plains Indians , he was one of four men who received the Medal of Honor for " gallantry in action " against hostile Indians at the Loupe Fork of the Platte River in Nebraska on April 26 , 1872 . Biography . Leroy H . Vokes was born in Lake County , Illinois on November 12 , 1849 . He later moved to St . Louis , Missouri where he enlisted in the U . S . Army . Volkes was assigned to 3rd U . S . Cavalry and took part in a number of campaigns against the Plains Indians during the early 1870s . On April 26 , 1872 , Volkes was one of four men received the Medal of Honor for " gallantry in action " battling Indians at the Loupe Fork of the Platte River in Nebraska . The other recipients were Sergeant John H . Foley , Private William H . Strayer and civilian scout William F . " Buffalo Bill " Cody . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : First Sergeant , Company B , 3d U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Loupe Fork , Platte River , Nebr . , 26 April 1872 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Lake County , Ill . Date of issue : 22 May 1872 . Citation : Gallantry in action .