naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
836th Bombardment Squadron The 836th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 487th Bombardment Group , stationed at Drew Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 7 November 1945 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron , assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Trained in Nebraska and New Mexico for overseas duty . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England in April 1944 . Engaged in long - range strategic bombardment of enemy targets in Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , attacking transportation , industrial , Oil Industry and other targets as directed . Also engaged in tactical bombardment of enemy forces in France in support of the Operation Overlord landings in Normandy , and the subsequent breakout at St - Lo in July 1944 . Changed equipment from B - 24 Liberators to B - 17 Flying Fortresses in July 1944 . Attacked enemy formations and armor during the Battle of the Bulge , January 1945 . Continued bombardment of strategic targets until the German Capitulation in May . Largely demobilized in England during the summer of 1945 ; small cadre of personnel reassembled at Drew Field , Florida in September as part of Third Air Force , Continental Air Forces . Japanese Capitulation and general demobilization of the AAF led to the squadron ' s inactivation in November .
Hyperpower A Hyper - power is a state that dominates all other states in every sphere of activity . A hyperpower is traditionally considered to be one step higher than a superpower . The Roman Empire , Mongol Empire , Ottoman Empire and the British Empire have all been thought to be Hyper - powers . In a modern context , " hyperpower " has been used to describe the United States ' position as the lone superpower since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Origin . After the end of the Cold War , some political commentators felt that a new term was needed to describe the United States ' position as the lone superpower . French Minister Hubert Védrine popularized the term " hyperpower " in 1998 .
Cassard expedition The Cassard expedition was a sea voyage by French Navy captain Jacques Cassard in 1712 , during the War of the Spanish Succession . Departing from the port of Toulon with a fleet of eight ships , 3 , 000 seamen , and 1 , 200 soldiers , he raided and pillaged the Cape Verde Islands , the British - controlled isles of Montserrat and Antigua in the West Indies , and the Dutch South American colonial outposts of Surinam , Berbice , and Essequibo . He then proceeded to raid Dutch St . Eustatius , and also succeeded , although with some difficulty , at gaining control of Curaçao , the strongest Dutch settlement in the Caribbean . In many of the places he landed , officials paid a ransom to avoid pillage ; this was not always successful , as Cassard sometimes ignored the terms of the agreements he made . Cassard ' s exploits won him the Order of Saint Louis .
46th ( Liverpool Welsh ) Royal Tank Regiment The 46th ( Liverpool Welsh ) Royal Tank Regiment ( 46 RTR ) was an armoured regiment of the British Army during the Second World War . It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment , itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps . It was originally formed as a duplicate of the 40th ( The King ' s ) Royal Tank Regiment , a newly mobilised Territorial Army unit . In 1947 , it was reconstituted as an anti - aircraft regiment of the Royal Artillery , and was absorbed into another regiment of the RA in 1956 .
Accumulatoren - Fabrik AFA The Accumulatoren - Fabrik Hagen ( AFA ) was a large industrial company located first in Austria and then Nazi Germany . Established in 1888 and led by Adolph Müller , with time it became the leading supplier of batteries in Austria and Germany . In 1890 it became a part of the Deutsche Bank holding , along with Siemens AG and AEG companies . Initially based in Hagen , during World War II the company acquired a number of other factories , mostly confiscated by the Nazis from their previous owners . Among such factories were the modern Hannover plant ( built in 1938 ) , Mülhausen , Vienna and the factory in Poznań ( 1943 ) , Herbst ( 1944 ) . AFA ' s factory in Viennese borough of Schwechat was one of the sub - camps of the Mauthausen - Gusen concentration camp . The factory was destroyed by an RAF Bomber Command air raid on December 2 , 1944 . It provided batteries for , among others , the German U - Boat s and Panzer tanks .
Battle of Suthul The Battle of Suthul was an episode of the Jugurthine War . The battle was fought in 110 BC between the Roman force led by the praetor Aulus Postumus Albinus and the army of Numidia , led by King Jugurtha . In 110 BC , the consul Spurius Postumus Albinus invaded Numidia , but left soon after to prepare elections in Rome . His brother Aulus Postumus Albinus got the leadership of the Roman army , but was easily tricked by Jugurtha , who trapped the Romans near the town of Suthul .
Guardium The Guardium is an Israeli unmanned security vehicle ( USV ) , created by G - NIUS , an Autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicles joint venture company established by Israel Aerospace Industries and Elbit Systems . The unmanned vehicle can guard areas and attack any trespassers using lethal or less - lethal weaponry .
Ellis Wellwood Sifton Ellis Wellwood Sifton VC ( 12 October 1891 – 9 April 1917 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Sifton was born in Wallacetown , Ontario and was a farmer when he enlisted in October 1914 . One of four soldiers to earn the Victoria Cross in the Battle of Vimy Ridge ( the others were Thain Wendell MacDowell , William Johnstone Milne and John George Pattison ) , Sifton was 25 years old , and a Lance Sergeant in the 18th ( Western Ontario ) Battalion , Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . Victoria Cross . On 9 April 1917 at Neuville - St . - Vaast , France , during an attack on enemy trenches , Lance - Sergeant Sifton ' s company was held up by machine - gun fire . During an attack on Vimy Ridge , " C " Company of the 18th Battalion was held up during its advance by German machine gunners who had survived the artillery barrage by taking refuge in concrete shelters . As the Canadians moved forward , the enemy ' s machine guns swept the battlefield , causing heavy casualties . Sifton saw the enemy ' s machine gun nest first . He jumped up , rushed forward and leapt into the trench . He then charged into the enemy gun crew and knocked the gun over before turning on the gunners with his bayonet , killing each man . More Canadians hurried forward , but not before a small German party moved down the trench towards Sifton . He used his bayonet and his rifle as a club to fight them off until help arrived . Despite these efforts , Sifton was killed during the fighting . Citation . His Victoria Cross citation published in the " London Gazette " , dated 8 June 1917 reads : His VC is held by the Elgin County Pioneer Museum in St Thomas , Ontario .
Kurovice Castle Kurovice Castle , also called Kurowitz Castle , is located in Kurovice , in the Kroměříž District , Zlín Region , Czech Republic . It is one of the most important extant fortresses of the lower nobility in the Czech Republic . The first buildings , in the 13th century , were probably mostly from wood . The oldest surviving walls are from the first half of the 15th century . The castle measures , and there were 3 levels tower and one level palace first . The buildings were protected by a double protective wall , with a wooden bridge over two moat s , in place until the 20th century . The main rebuildings were made by the noble Vrchlabsky family , between 1590 and the mid - 16th century . Most of the architectural details from this period survive unchanged . One of the builders was Joachym Zoubek ze Zdetina ( Joachym Zub ze Zdietina ) , who began work in the second half of the 16th century . His coat is still found in the top of one ceiling vault , with the text " JOACHIM ZVB ZE ZDIETINA A NA MOSSTIENICI KOMORNIK MENSSI ETC . " The last meaningful reconstruction was made by Vaclav Eusebius Lobkowicz , who finished the 3rd floor of the building . In the 20th century , the castle was used as a block of flats . A restoration began in 1982 , but was halted in 1990 . As of 2006 , the castle belongs to a private owner .
USS Lance ( AM - 257 ) USS " Lance " ( AM - 257 ) was an built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters , and served the Navy in the Atlantic Ocean . " Lance " was as laid down 26 October 1942 by American Shipbuilding Co . , Cleveland , Ohio ; launched 10 April 1943 ; sponsored by Ens . Josephine D . Conningham , W - V ( S ) USNR ; commissioned 4 November 1943 , Lt . R . R . Forrester , Jr . , in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . After shakedown along the U . S . East Coast , " Lance " arrived Trinidad , British West Indies , 17 January 1944 for patrol and escort duty . From January 1944 until March 1945 , " Lance " operated as an escort for convoys , making nine regular runs from Recife , Brazil , to Trinidad . The minesweeper also engaged in ASW training with aircraft operations designed to improve the defensive capability of the Navy . " Lance " departed Trinidad 23 March , and steamed toward Miami , Florida , arriving the 28th . She operated as a school ship , out of the Naval Training Center , Miami . Decommissioning . She was transferred to China , under the Lend - Lease Act on 28 August . She served the Chinese Navy under the name " Yung Sheng " . She was transferred outright on 7 February 1948 , struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 March 1948 , and decommissioned on 1 July 1972 . Fate is unknown .
Battle of Soissons ( 718 ) The Battle of Soissons of 718 was the last of the great pitched battles of the civil war between the heirs of Pepin of Heristal . Since Pepin ' s death in December 714 , his grandson and heir Theudoald , his widow Plectrude , his bastard son Charles Martel , his successor as mayor of the palace in Neustria Ragenfrid , and the new king Chilperic II had been waging a war for ascendancy . Though Ragenfrid and Chilperic had begun with successes and Plectrude and Theudoald were removed early , Martel turned the tide of war and eventually forced the surrender of all his opponents . After their defeat at the Battle of Vincy , Chilperic and Ragenfrid allied with Odo the Great , the independent duke of Aquitaine , and marched on Soissons . Unfortunately , Charles had anticipated this , and was awaiting them , with an ever better trained core of veterans , many of whom would serve him all their adult lives . That army easily defeated the allied forces of Odo , Chilperic and Ragenfrid near Soissons . The king fled with his ducal ally to the land south of the Loire and Ragenfrid fled to Angers . Soon Odo made peace and surrendered Chilperic to Charles and Ragenfrid made peace too . The war was over and Charles was undisputed " dux Francorum " . Charles chose not to execute any of his enemies , indeed , his nephew would serve in his army , and was treated kindly . Nor was his mother Plectrude treated with anything but kindness . Finally , Charles allowed both the deposed king , Chilperic and his Mayor , Ragenfrid to live . Norwich has commented that " either Charles Martel possessed a degree of decency and kindness to defeated foes unknown in that age , or his belief in himself was so great that he felt he could afford kindness as the ultimate show of strength in allowing them to live after their various plots and machinations against him . "
Edwin Nelson Appleton Edwin N . Appleton ( August 28 , 1877 - September 26 , 1937 ) a US marine who received the Medal of Honor for bravery during the Boxer Rebellion . Biography . Appleton was born August 28 , 1877 in Brooklyn , New York , and after entering the US Marine Corps in 1898 he was sent as a Corporal to China to fight in the Boxer Rebellion . On June 20 , 1900 while fighting in Tientsin , China he crossed the river in a small boat while under heavy enemy fire and assisted in destroying several buildings occupied by the enemy . He died September 26 , 1937 and is buried in Green - Wood Cemetery , Brooklyn , New York . His grave can be found in section K / 111 , lot 13724 / 41 in the Anderson Mausoleum . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Corporal , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : 29 August 1876 , Brooklyn , N . Y . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 84 , 22 March 1902 . Citation : In action against the enemy at Tientsin , China , 20 June 1900 . Crossing the river in a small boat while under heavy enemy fire , Appleton assisted in destroying buildings occupied by the enemy .
USS Pampero ( 1853 ) USS " Pampero " ( 1853 ) was a large ( ) and capacious ship - rigged vessel purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy as a storeship to provision the fleet and as a collier to supply the fleet ’ s need for coal for their steam engines . She served in , and supplied , several blockades , including those Union ships in the Gulf of Mexico which were patrolling off various Gulf ports of the Confederate States of America . Launched at Mystic , Connecticut , in 1853 . " Pampero " , a wooden , ship rigged vessel launched at Mystic , Connecticut on 18 August 1853 by Charles Mallory , was purchased by the Navy at New York City on 7 July 1861 from J . Bishop & Co . ; and commissioned in August 1861 , Acting Master Charles W . Lamson in command . Assigned to the Gulf Blockade . " Pampero " was assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron for service as a storeship and collier , and arrived off Fort Pickens , Florida on 19 September . She supplied the ships and bases of the Squadron until it was divided in February 1862 . Reassigned to the West Gulf Blockade . She was then placed in the West Gulf Blockading Squadron and supporting Rear Admiral David Farragut ’ s operations through much of the war , making occasional voyages north to replenish . Post - war decommissioning and sale . She decommissioned at New York City on 20 July 1866 and was sold at auction there on 1 October 1867 .
8th Military District ( Australia ) The 8th Military District was an administrative district of the Australian Army . During the Second World War , the 8th Military District covered the Territory of New Guinea , the Solomon Islands and the New Hebrides , with its headquarters firstly based at Rabaul and later at Port Moresby .
Tsaplya - class LCAC The Tsaplya class LCAC ( Project 1206 . 1 , Murena ) was a medium size assault hovercraft operated by the Russian Navy . Configuration . These craft are a lengthened version of the Lebed class LCAC hovercraft , which is the Russian Navy equivalent to the U . S . Navy LCAC . They were also meant to replace the smaller Gus class LCAC . The prototype was built at Feodosiya and entered service in 1982 . The second was completed in 1987 . By the early 1990s ten ships had been produced . Like the Lebed they could be transported by the Ivan Rogov class assault transport . The ships had a bow ramp with a gun on the starboard side and the bridge to port . They were more heavily armed than the Lebed class and were probably used as patrol craft in addition to troop and equipment transport duties . The Tsaplya class was built for Border Guards service along the Amur and Ussuri River borders with China , and all served in the Amur / Ussuri River Flotilla . The type began to be withdrawn following the fall of the Soviet Union . Three ships have been scrapped , and by 1995 none were observed to be operational .
Alonzo J . Edgerton Alonzo Jay Edgerton ( June 7 , 1827 – August 9 , 1896 ) was an American politician and United States federal judge . Biography . Alonzo Edgerton was born in Rome , New York . Edgerton graduated from Wesleyan University in 1850 , and there became a member of the Mystical Seven . He read law in 1855 . After residing in Mississippi and Illinois for periods of time , Edgerton settled in Mantorville in 1855 and was admitted to the bar . In 1859 he was elected to the Minnesota State Senate . In 1862 Edgerton organized a company of militia which later constituted Company B of the Tenth Minnesota Infantry Volunteers . By January 1864 he had risen to the rank of Colonel of the 67th Regiment Infantry U . S . Colored Troops . He was breveted a Brigadier General on March 13 , 1865 and confirmed on April 10 , 1866 . Returning to Minnesota , he was in private practice of law in Mantorville , Minnesota from 1867 to 1871 . Edgerton became a regent of the University of Minnesota and was in 1872 was appointed as the first state railroad commissioner . After his term ended in 1876 Edgerton returned to the state senate . He was appointed U . S . Senator from Minnesota as a Republican , and served from March 12 , 1881 to October 30 , 1881 in the 47th congress . Edgerton was a replacement for Senator William Windom , who became Secretary of the Treasury under President James A . Garfield ; Windom left the cabinet after Garfield ' s brief presidency and then was re - elected to serve out the remainder of his own term . Edgerton was later appointed chief justice of the Territorial Supreme Court of Dakota . When South Dakota was admitted as a State into the Union , he was made United States judge of that district . He also served as president of the constitutional convention of South Dakota . He was a freemason . He died in Sioux Falls , South Dakota . Legacy . The town of Edgerton , Minnesota is named in his honor .
First Swedish Crusade The First Swedish Crusade was a possibly mythical military expedition around 1150 that has traditionally been seen as the conquest of Finland by Sweden , with pagan Finns converting to Christianity . According to the legend , the crusade was conducted by King Eric IX of Sweden . Bishop Henry of Uppsala accompanied him and remained in Finland later to become a martyr there . Academics debate whether this crusade actually took place . No archaeological data give any support for it , and no surviving written source describes Finland under Swedish rule before the end of the 1240s . Furthermore , the diocese and bishop of Finland are not listed among their Swedish counterparts before the 1250s . At the time , leading the " leiðangr " was the responsibility of the jarl . This gave rise to a theory that Eric conducted the expedition before he became king or pretender to the throne . Legends give no year for the expedition , and attempts to date it to an exact year in the 1150s are all much later speculations . All that is known about king Eric and bishop Henry is that they most probably held important positions in Sweden some time in the mid - 12th century . The Swedish bishop normally involved in the eastern campaigns was the Bishop of Linköping , not the Bishop of Uppsala . The mid - 12th century was a very violent time in the northern Baltic sea , with Finns and Swedes in frequent conflicts with Novgorod ; there may have been a Swedish military expedition against Finland . In the First Novgorod Chronicle there is a story that in 1142 a Swedish " prince " and bishop accompanied by a fleet of 60 ships plundered just three Novgorodian merchant vessels somewhere " on the other side of the sea " , obviously being after something more important . References .
SMS Frundsberg SMS " Frundsberg " was an Austro - Hungarian corvette built by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino . History . She was laid down on June 19 , 1871 and launched on February 11 , 1873 . It was officially commissioned October 1 , 1873 and its last time out was on January 1 , 1905 . The ship had one smokestack and three square - rigged masts .
29th Virginia Infantry The 29th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly in western Virginia , Kentucky , North Carolina , and Virginia . The 29th Virginia was authorized in November , 1861 , and was to contain seven companies under Colonel A . C . Moore and three companies at Pound Gap . However , this organization never took place . Moore ' s five companies from Abingdon and companies raised in the spring of 1862 evidently made up the nine - company regiment . It was assigned to the Valley District , Department of Northern Virginia , then moved to Kentucky where it was engaged at Middle Creek . Later it saw action in Western Virginia and for a time served in North Carolina under General French . In March , 1863 , it totalled 732 men . Attached to General Corse ' s Brigade the unit participated in Longstreet ' s Suffolk Expedition and during the Gettysburg Campaign was on detached duty in Tennessee and North Carolina . In the spring of 1864 it returned to Virginia and took its place in the Petersburg trenches north and south of the James River and ended the war at Appomattox . Many were lost at Sayler ' s Creek , and only 1 officer and 27 men surrendered on April 9 , 1865 . The field officers were Colonels James Giles and Alfred C . Moore ; Lieutenant Colonels Alexander Haynes , William Leigh , and Edwin R . Smith ; and Majors Ebenezer Bruster , William R . B . Horne , and Isaac White .
Battle of Papudo The Naval Battle of Papudo was a naval engagement fought between Spanish and Chilean forces on November 26 , 1865 , during the Chincha Islands War . It was fought 55 miles north of Valparaiso , Chile , near the coastal town of Papudo . Background . Until November 1865 , Chile had been the only country firm in its declaration of war against Spain , which desired to recapture its lost South American colonies . Through the efforts of its president , Mariano Ignacio Prado , Peru was subsequently galvanized into action against Spain . Familiar with Spanish naval movements , the Chilean corvette " Esmeralda " , under the command of Juan Williams Rebolledo , and whose crew included Arturo Prat , Juan José Latorre and Carlos Condell , waited for any Spanish ships to appear between Coquimbo and Valparaíso . The Chileans hoisted a British flag on their ship and maneuvered themselves close to the Spanish ship " Virgen de Covadonga " , under the command of Luis Fery ( or Ferry ) , who thought that the ship may have been one of the similarly built British vessels " Shearwater " , " Colombina " , or " Mutine " . The " Esmeralda " opened fire on the " Covadonga " , which returned fire , but the Chilean gunners proved more skillful . After the " Covadonga " received severe hits that incapacitated its crew , the Spaniards attempted to escape , but it was too late . The Esmeralda followed her , continuing to fire . Fery called out his surrender to Williams Rebolledo , who ordered Manuel Thomson to take possession of the Spanish ship . Chilean engineers then worked to save the captured vessel . All in all , the battle lasted only half an hour . In addition to Commander Fery , six Spanish officers , and 115 sailors were taken as prisoners . The Chileans also captured the correspondence of Spanish Admiral Juan Manuel Pareja . This action , together with the general failure of Spanish operations during the Chincha Islands War , led to Pareja committing suicide on board his flagship a few days later . " Covadonga " , now a vessel in the Chilean Navy , later saw combat in the Battle of Iquique during the War of the Pacific .