naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Port Cros The Battle of Port Cros was a battle of World War II fought off the French Riviera in the Mediterranean Sea on the island of Port - Cros . The battle began when a United States Navy warship encountered two German warships in August 1944 while supporting the Allied Operation Dragoon . It was one of the few surface engagements fought between the United States Navy and the German " Kriegsmarine " . Later that day , the combined American and Canadian Devil ' s Brigade was dropped on the main island and captured the German held positions . Battle . The American destroyer — armed with eight gun s and a number of torpedo tube s — was cruising in the Mediterranean on 15 August 1944 when she came across the former Italian corvette " Camoscio " which was renamed " UJ6081 " by the " Kriegsmarine " . Also involved was the former French " aviso " " Amiral Senes " , renamed " SG21 " . " UJ6081 " was armed with one gun and two torpedo tubes . The " aviso " was armed with two guns . It was early morning off Port Cros , about four hours before the Allied landing in Vichy France , when the Americans sighted the German corvette . Commander Willam Christopher Hughes ordered a torpedo attack and directed his men to battle stations . A spread of torpedoes was launched and the Germans opened fire as they attempted to maneuver out of harm ' s way . However , one torpedo slammed into the " UJ6081 ' s " hull and she quickly began to sink . The " SG21 " was then spotted coming to the rescue . She was engaged by " Somers " main gun battery . The ensuing duel lasted for a few minutes until " SG21 " was hit several times and began taking in water . Within a few more minutes , both German ships went down and " Somers " therefore left the area for naval gunfire support missions against targets along the French mainland . American forces suffered no damage or casualties . Later that day , a mixed regiment of United States Army and Canadian Army infantry , the 1st Special Service Force , was dropped onto Port Cros and captured the five fort s after a day long battle with their German garrison s . The Allies assaulted two or three forts and seized the remaining without resistance . Nine paratroopers were killed in the land battle . Aftermath . As result of the battle , Commander Hughes was recognized for his victory and eventually rose to the rank of Rear Admiral partly due to his involvement in this action . After the engagement , the U . S . Army occupied Le Levant , another island nearby . Two days later , on 17 August , the former Italian corvette " Antilope " , renamed " UJ6082 " , and the former Egypt ian armed yacht " Nimet Allah " were sunk by with help from two British gunboat s at the Battle of La Ciotat .
Chúi Chúi ( ) is a Chinese mêlée weapon that consists of a large , solid metal sphere on the end of a medium - long handle . This weapon was traditionally used with brute force , as the strength needed to heft such weapons was considerable . As a result , this weapon is not often practiced by kung fu enthusiasts , and newly made replicas may be hollow . However , routines for this weapon still exist in some styles . Chui are almost always used in pairs . One variation of chui is liuxingchui , which is a smaller pair of chui linked together by a long rope , used as a missile weapon that can be retrieved .
DAR 6 The DAR 6 was a 1930s Bulgarian two - seat biplane basic or advanced training aircraft . The DAR 6 was designed by Zevtan Lazarov . It was constructed by the Bulgarian State Aircraft Workshops ( DAR ) . The aircraft was a conventional biplane with a fixed tailskid landing gear . It was powered by a radial engine . Three versions were initially developed :
Arotech Corporation Arotech Corporation is a defense and security products and services company . It manufactures and designs products for military and non - military air and ground vehicles ; interactive simulation for military , law enforcement and commercial markets , and batteries and charging systems for the military . Arotech operates through three major business divisions : High - level armoring for military and nonmilitary air and ground vehicles ; interactive simulation for military , law enforcement and commercial markets , and batteries and charging systems for the military . Arotech is incorporated in Delaware , with corporate offices in Ann Arbor , Michigan and research , development and production subsidiaries in Alabama , Michigan and Israel . Raytheon Company remains Arotech ' s chief competitor in defense , homeland security and other government markets . Armored Vehicle Division . In 2004 , Armour of America was acquired by Arotech Corporation . Arotech ' s armor division produces armored vehicles for homeland security and government agencies . It owns manufacturing facilities in Auburn , Alabama , and Lod , Israel . The company has designed armor for over 30 types of vehicles , including military vehicles , helicopters and transport aircraft . These include : Military training simulation programs . Arotech ' s Training and Simulation Division ( FAAC ) manufactures and markets advanced high - tech multimedia and interactive digital solutions for engineering , use - of - force , and driver training simulations for military , law enforcement , security , municipal and private industry personnel . The division also supplies pilot decision making support software for the F - 15 , F - 16 , F - 18 , F - 22 , and F - 35 aircraft , as well as simulation models for the ACMI / TACTS air combat training ranges . Arotech ' s simulation division has been awarded federal contracts for the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) , Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , and Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) . Robert McCue , director of Arotech ' s IES subsidiary , said " We know that the agencies that have selected our systems rely heavily on them to enhance the readiness of their agents as they confront increasing threats at home and abroad . We are proud to support them in that mission . " External links . Subsidiaries of Arotech :
Transbaikal Front The Transbaikal Front ( ) was a front formed on September 15 , 1941 on base of the Transbaikal Military District . Initially , it included the 17th and 36th armies , but in August 1942 the 12th Air Army was added to the front , and , finally , in June – July 1945 the 39th and the 53rd armies , the 6th Guards Tank Army , and the Soviet Mongolian Cavalry Mechanized Group under Issa Pliyev . From September , 1941 to January , 1945 the Transbaikal Front sent to the Soviet fronts in Europe about 300 , 000 personnel , 1 , 440 tanks , and 2 , 230 guns . On November 1 , 1941 the Front included the 17th Army with the 36th and 57th Motor Rifle Divisions and the 61st Tank Division , and four air divisions ( two fighter , one bomber , and the 84th Mixed Avation Division ) , the 36th Army with the 94th Rifle Division , the 210th Rifle Division , the 51st Cavalry Division , and the 31st and 32nd Fortified Regions , the 111th Tank Division , two independent tank battalions , and the 89th Attack Aviation Division . Front troops included the 209th Rifle Division . On May 1 , 1945 the Front included the 17th Army with the 85th Rifle Corps ( 36th and 57th Motor Rifle Divisions ) , the 284th Rifle Division , another rifle unit , significant numbers of artillery units , the 61st Tank Division , the 36th Army with the 86th Rifle Corps ( 94th and 298th Rifle Divisions ) , the 209th , 210th , 278th Rifle Divisions , and 31st Fortified Region , and the 2nd Rifle Corps ( 103rd , 275th , 292nd Rifle Divisions ) plus at front level the 293rd Rifle Division , 59th Cavalry Division , and other units . Soviet invasion of Manchuria . The armies and corps of the front under Rodion Malinovsky participated in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria during August , 1945 defeating the Kwantung Army of the Imperial Japanese Army . The fighting had lasted for only about a week when Japan ' s Emperor Hirohito read the Gyokuon - hōsō on August 15 and declared a ceasefire in the region August 16 . Soviet forces were already penetrating deep into Manchukuo by that time . They continued their largely unopposed advance into Manchukuo ' s territory , reaching Mukden , Changchun and Qiqihar by August 20 . At the same time , Mengjiang was invaded by the Red Army and her Mongol allies , with Guihua quickly taken . The Emperor of Manchukuo ( and the former Emperor of China ) , Puyi , was captured by the Soviet Red Army and sent to Chita . After the operation on October 9 , 1945 the Transbaikal Front was disbanded and reorganized into the Transbaikal Military District .
Artois - class frigate The " Artois " class sailing frigate s were a series of nine ships built to a 1793 design by Sir John Henslow , which served in the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars . Seven of these ships were built by contract with commercial builders , while the remaining pair ( " Tamar " and " Clyde " ) were dockyard - built - the latter built using " fir " ( pitch pine ) instead of the normal oak . They were armed with a main battery of 28 eighteen - pounder cannon on their upper deck , the main gun deck of a frigate . Besides this battery , they also carried two 9 - pounders together with twelve 32 - pounder carronades on the quarter deck , and another two 9 - pounders together with two 32 - pounder carronades on the forecastle . References . Robert Gardiner , " The Heavy Frigate " , Conway Maritime Press , London 1994 . Rif Winfield , " British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793 - 1817 : Design , Construction , Careers and Fates " . 2nd edition , Seaforth Publishing , 2008 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84415 - 717 - 4 .
USS Clarion River ( LSM ( R ) - 409 ) USS " Clarion River " ( LSM ( R ) - 409 ) was an " LSM ( R ) - 401 " - class medium - type landing ship ( LSM ) built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for the Clarion River in west central Pennsylvania , she was the only US Naval vessel to bear the name . Service history . World War II . The ship was originally laid down on 26 January 1945 at the Charleston Navy Yard . Launched on 18 February 1945 and commissioned as USS " LSM ( R ) - 409 " on 16 May 1945 with Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Herbert H . Boltin , USNR , in command . She was decommissioned on 6 February 1947 at San Diego , California and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet . Korean War . " LSM ( R ) - 409 " was recommissioned on 5 October 1950 for Korean War service . She was assigned to LSMR Squadron Five and participated in the following campaigns : During her Korean War service , enemy aircraft attacked her in 1953 , but did not damage her . Renamed USS " Clarion River " ( LSM ( R ) - 409 ) on 1 October 1955 , the ship was again decommissioned on 26 October of that year at Astoria , Oregon and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet , Columbia River Group . Vietnam . " Clarion River " was recommissioned on 18 September 1965 at the San Francisco Naval Shipyard , Hunters Point . Reclassified as an " Inshore Fire Support Ship " USS " Clarion River " ( LFR - 409 ) on 1 January 1969 , she participated in the following campaigns : Decommissioned for the last time on 8 May 1970 at Yokosuka , Japan and struck from the Naval Vessel Register ( date unknown ) , she was sold for scrap in November 1970 to the Nissho - Iwai American Corporation of Sasebo , Japan . Awards . " Clarion River " earned four battle star s for Korean War service and nine campaign star s for Vietnam War service .
USS Raccoon ( IX - 127 ) The second USS " Raccoon " ( IX - 127 ) , an " Armadillo " - class tanker designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the raccoon . She was built as the Liberty ship " J . C . W . Becham " ( MCE Hull No . 1931 ) by the Maritime Commission and renamed " Raccoon " by the Navy on 27 October 1943 . Her keel was laid down on 7 November 1943 by the Delta Shipbuilding Company , in New Orleans , Louisiana . She was launched on 23 December 1943 sponsored by Mrs . J . C . W . Becham , accepted from the War Shipping Administration under bareboat basis on 31 January 1944 , and commissioned on 1 February 1944 with Lieutenant Michael E . Vallario , USNR , in command . After shakedown off the Gulf Coast , this mobile station tanker loaded a cargo of fuel oil at Corpus Christi , Texas ; steamed through the Panama Canal ; and joined the Third Fleet at Espiritu Santo on 5 April . She took on a deck cargo of lube oil drums which she discharged at Purvis Bay . Returning to Espiritu Santo , she then proceeded to Efate , New Hebrides , fueling Battleship Division 3 and Destroyer Division 90 . Arriving at Purvis Bay 20 July , the ship assumed fueling station ship duties and made several side trips to the Russell Islands . On 14 September , " Raccoon " proceeded to Samoa to load fuel oil , returning to Espiritu Santo and Purvis Bay for station duty . With the exception of a short trip to Bougainville , she remained at Purvis Bay until 6 February 1945 , when she proceeded to the Russell Islands to fuel a task force of attack transport s ( APAs ) and amphibious cargo ship s ( AKAs ) . Departing 21 March , " Raccoon " proceeded to Iwo Jima to fuel destroyer s and destroyer escort s on patrol screen . She arrived at Saipan on 14 June for harbor fueling duty which lasted through the end of the war and into April 1946 . She then sailed from the Mariana Islands , transited the Panama Canal , and arrived Norfolk , Virginia , on 3 June . " Raccoon " decommissioned on 10 July , was redelivered to WSA the next day , and was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 31 July 1946 .
Peacemakers : The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War Peacemakers : The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War ( 2002 ) is a historical narrative based on the events of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 . It was written by the Canadian historian Margaret MacMillan with a foreword by American diplomat Richard Holbrooke . The book has also been published under the titles Paris 1919 : Six Months That Changed the World and Peacemakers : Six Months That Changed the World . " Peacemakers " describes the six months of negotiations that took place in Paris , France following World War I . The book focuses on the " Big Three " , photographed together on its cover ( left to right ) : Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom , Premier Georges Clemenceau of France , and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States . The book argues that the conditions imposed on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles did not lead to the rise of Adolf Hitler . David Lloyd George is the author ' s great grandfather . Reaction . The book was first published in Britain . It has won the £5 , 000 Duff Cooper Prize for an outstanding literary work in the field of history , biography or politics , the £3 , 000 Hessell - Tiltman Prize for History , the prestigious BBC Samuel Johnson for the best work of non - fiction published in the United Kingdom and the 2003 Governor General ' s Literary Award in Canada . The book has been adapted as a 2009 docudrama film entitled " Paris 1919 , " by Paul Cowan , produced by the National Film Board of Canada . MacMillan recorded a related series of fourteen lectures for the audiobook " Six Months That Changed the World : The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 " ( Recorded Books , The Modern Scholar series , 2003 ) .
Bouches - de - l ' Elbe Bouches - de - l ' Elbe ( ) is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Germany that survived three years . It is named after the mouth of the river Elbe . It was formed in 1811 , when the region , originally belonging partially to Bremen - Verden ( which in 1807 had been intermittently incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia ) , to Hamburg , Lübeck and Saxe - Lauenburg , was annexed by France . Its territory is part of the present German lands Lower Saxony , Schleswig - Holstein and Hamburg . Its capital was Hamburg . The département was subdivided into the following arrondissement s and cantons ( situation in 1812 ) : Its population in 1812 was 375 , 976 . After Napoleon was defeated in 1814 , the département was redivided over the Kingdom of Hanover ( Bremen - Verden ) , the Duchy of Saxe - Lauenburg and the free cities of Hamburg and Lübeck .
Saturninus ( consul 383 ) Flavius Saturninus ( " floruit " 377 – 400 ) was a politician and a military man of the Roman Empire . Life . Saturninus was probably a Christian : it is known that he hosted a bishop , that he donated to a monastery and that was in touch for a short time with Gregory of Nazianzus . He followed the military career , and in 377 / 378 he fought against the Goths . After the inconclusive Battle of the Willows , the Eastern Emperor Valens , who was in the Eastern frontier , appointed Saturninus " magister equitum " and sent him to Thrace with a cavalry unit , to support the " magister peditum " Traianus . Saturninus and Traianus blocked the Goths near the passes of the Haemus , building a line of fortifications that repulsed the Gothic attacks . The aim of the two generals was to force the Goths to suffer through the cold winter and the scarcity of food in order to force them into submission ; alternatively , the two generals planned to call back the sentinels , luring the Goths of Fritigern into an open - field battle in the plans between the Haemus and the Danube , where they were confident of winning . However , Fritigern did not accept battle , but enlisted Hunnic and Alan reinforcements . Saturninus realised that he could no longer fight the enemy with his troops , lifted the block on the mountain passes and retired . As " magister militum per Thracias " , Emperor Theodosius I , who had succeeded Valens after his death in the battle of Adrianople ( 378 ) , entrusted him with the negotiation of the peace with the Goths : in October 382 he signed a treaty according to which the Goths were to live in the Low Danube as " foederati " . This successful negotiation guaranteed Saturninus the imperial favour , and he was appointed Roman consul for the year 383 . Themistius dedicated him a panegyric . In 400 he was under the Eastern Emperor Arcadius , when the " magister militum " Gainas deposed and exiled him .
Benjamin Say Benjamin Say ( August 28 , 1755 – April 23 , 1813 ) was a member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Benjamin Say was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , to Thomas ( 1740 - 1796 ) and Rebekah Bonsall Say ( ? - 1795 ) , a granddaughter of naturalist John Bartram . He married Ann Bonsall ( ? - 1793 ) on Oct . 1 , 1776 . Their son Thomas Say ( 1787 - 1835 ) became a pioneering entomologist . Say graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1780 and practiced in that city . He also worked as an apothecary . He served in the American Revolutionary War , and was a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia , of which he was one of the founders in 1787 , and was treasurer from 1791 to 1809 . He was a member of the Pennsylvania Prison Society and president of the Pennsylvania Humane Society . He was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate . Say was elected as a Democratic - Republican to the Tenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph Clay . He was reelected to the Eleventh Congress and served until his resignation in June 1809 . He died in Philadelphia in 1813 .
S1 Scout Car Scout Car S1 ( American ) , was an armoured car produced in Australia for the US Army during the Second World War . History and description . In 1942 , the United States Army Air Force ( USAAF ) in Australia issued a requirement for a light armoured car to be used in patrolling and airfield defence . The requirement resulted in a vehicle designated Scout Car S1 ( American ) . About 40 vehicles were produced by Ford Australia . The vehicle was based on a Ford F15 4x2 chassis ( a single 4x4 vehicle was built ) . The open - topped armoured hull was similar to that of the M3 Scout Car . The armament consisted of one . 50 inch heavy machine gun and two . 30 inch machine guns on skate rails , operated by the crew of five .
S & T Motiv K12 S & T Motiv K12 is a 7 . 62x51mm NATO machine gun manufactured by S & T Daewoo to replace M60 machine gun for Republic of Korea Armed Forces . The XK12 was first shown to the public in 2009 , during the Seoul ADEX International Aerospace and Defense Exhibition .
1st Light Mechanized Division ( France ) The 1st Light Mechanized Division ( ) was a French Army formation during World War II . It was the first of the armoured division s of the French Cavalry . Preparations to create such a unit began in 1931 . Slowly the 4th Cavalry Division was mechanised . In 1936 the mechanised components , though still not fully equipped , were given a separate identity , while confusingly 4th Cavalry continued to exist , giving the false impression the armoured division was a completely new force . The name of the unit is most often translated with " Light Mechanized Division " , but a better translation , both from a military point of view , would be " Mechanized Light Division " . In French the adjective " mécanique " qualifies " légère " , not the other way around ; and thus : " light " here is a synonym of " mobile " . While any " mechanised " division was " light " , not every " light " division was " mechanised " : motorised infantry divisions without tracked vehicles would also be called " Light Divisions " . Another confusion often caused by the category indication is the mistake to assume that such units were " lightly " equipped : in fact most heavy equipment was concentrated into the motorised units thus , the most powerful in the French Army . The " 1re DLM " used the AMR 35 as a light skirmisher and the Somua S - 35 and Hotchkiss H35 as main battle tanks , though the latter vehicle was not really suited for this role as its armament was too weak . The artillery and infantry components were fully motorised ; part of the organic infantry was also mechanised , using half - track s . In organisation a DLM more closely resembled the contemporaneous German " Panzerdivision " of the " Panzerwaffe " , though it would be more " tank - heavy " , not so much the " Leichte Kavalleriedivisionen " of the German Cavalry , whose units in the thirties were only partly mechanised . During the Battle of France in May 1940 the division contained the following units : It was an active division which existed during peacetime .
11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The 11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union army during the American Civil War . Organized in Boston in May 1861 , the 11th Massachusetts was made up mostly of men from Boston , but also from Charlestown and Dorchester . The leading force behind the formation of the regiment was its first colonel , George Clark , Jr . , who had been an officer in the Massachusetts state militia . The regiment was known as the " Boston Volunteers . " Arriving in Washington , D . C . in June , the 11th was one of only three Massachusetts regiments to participate in the First Battle of Bull Run . The regiment spent the early fall of 1861 helping to build fortifications around Washington . In October , the 11th was stationed at Bud ' s Ferry in Indian Head , Maryland where they remained on picket duty for the winter of 1861 - 1862 . The 11th saw its first combat during the Peninsular Campaign in the spring of 1862 . They were heavily engaged during the Second Battle of Bull Run , participated in the Battle of Fredericksburg , and suffered severe casualties at the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg .
Hans Sigmund Hans Sigmund ( 11 August 1921 - 15 July 1993 ) was a Untersturmführer ( Second Lieutenant ) in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Hans Sigmund was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 5 April 1945 while an Oberscharführer ( Staff Sergeant ) and platoon commander in the 11th Company , 9th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Germania " .