naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
AEG G . IV The AEG G . IV was a biplane bomber aircraft used in World War I by Germany . It was developed from the AEG G . III , with refinements to power , bomb - load and dimensions . Coming into service in late 1916 , it featured a bomb capacity twice as large as that of the AEG G . II , but was still considered inadequate in terms of offensive capacity and performance . Further improvements led to the development of the G . V , but the Armistice came before the replacement could become operational . Serving late in the war , the AEG G . IV managed to achieve some operational success in reconnaissance and combat roles . Design and development . The " Allgemeine Elektricitäts - Gesellschaft " ( A . E . G . ) G . IV was derived from the earlier G . III . Designed as a tactical bomber , the relatively modern technology included onboard radios and electrically heated suits for the crew . Unlike the other German bombers such as the Gotha and the Friedrichshafen , the AEG featured an all - metal , welded - tube frame , making it a more rugged aircraft . Well equipped with armament , although the rear gunner ’ s cockpit was on the top of the fuselage , the position was equipped with a hinged window in the floor for viewing and fending off pursuing aircraft . The AEG G . IV medium bomber was converted into an armored , antitank gunship , the G . IVk ( " Kanone " ) with two 20 mm Becker cannon . It never saw service . Operational history . The AEG G . IV bomber entered service with the German Air Force in late 1916 . Because of its relatively short range , the G . IV served mainly as a tactical bomber , operating close to the front lines . The G . IV flew both day and night operations in France , Romania , Greece and Italy , but , as the war progressed , the AEG G . IV was restricted increasingly to night missions . Many night operations were considered nuisance raids with no specific targets , but with the intention of disrupting enemy activity at night and perhaps doing some collateral damage . The AEG G . IV carried a warload of 400 kg ( 880 lb ) . While Gotha crews struggled to keep their heavy aircraft aloft , the AEG was renowned as an easy aircraft to fly . Some G . IV crews of " Kampfgeschwader " 4 are known to have flown up to seven combat missions a night on the Italian front . A notable mission involved Hauptmann Hermann Kohl attacking the railroad sheds in Padua , Italy in his G . IV bomber . Survivors . A single example is preserved at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum . This example is significant not only as the only one of its kind in existence , but as the only preserved German , twin - engined combat aircraft from World War I .
No . 673 Squadron RAF No . 673 Squadron RAF was a glider squadron of the Royal Air Force , active during the Second World War . History . No . 673 Squadron was formed at Bikram , Patna in ( then ) British India on 1 January 1945 as a glider squadron , with the intention of being used for airborne operations by South East Asia Command . It continued to train , as part of No . 344 Wing RAF , until the surrender of Japan , when it became surplus to requirements ; the squadron was disbanded on 25 October 1945 at Kargi Road . Present . The original squadron is represented today by 673 ( AH ) Training Squadron of 7 ( Training ) Regiment , Army Air Corps .
Arméns Jägarbataljon Arméns Jägarbataljon , AJB , ( in English , the Army Ranger battalion ) also known by its old name Norrlands Dragoner or K4 is a detachment of Norrbotten Regiment , I19 and has its base in Arvidsjaur , in the Norrbotten county of Sweden . The Army Ranger Battalion is an elite light infantry unit trained to carry out reconnaissance missions and direct action behind enemy lines . Since 2007 the battalion also has a mountain leader platoon which specializes in operations in and around mountain passes . This platoon has been of much use in Afghanistan since a lot of weapons , drugs and such get smuggled high up in the mountains in Afghanistan . Members of the unit have served in Bosnia , Kosovo and Afghanistan .
Elijah Gates Elijah Gates ( born Garrard County , Kentucky , December 17 , 1827 ; died St . Joseph , Missouri , March 4 , 1915 ) was an American politician from Missouri . Early and personal life . He moved to Platte County , Missouri , in around 1846 , and subsequently settled on a farm in Buchanan County . In 1852 , he married Maria Stamper , and they had twelve children . Military career . At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 , he enlisted in the Confederate Army , starting as a captain in the Missouri State Guard , and was later promoted to colonel in charge of the First Missouri Confederate Cavalry . Following his promotion , he established a regiment under the command of General Sterling Price , and was stationed in Mississippi and Alabama . During his service , he was wounded five times , including losing an arm at the Battle of Franklin , was captured by Union forces three times , and had four horses shot from underneath him . On April 9 , 1865 , the same day Confederate General Robert E . Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S . Grant , Colonel Gates was engaged in one of the last battles of the Civil War at Blakeley , Alabama . Into politics . Following the war , Gates returned to his farm . In 1874 , he was elected as Sheriff of Buchanan County , serving in that post until 1877 . From 1877 to 1881 , he served as State Treasurer of Missouri . Following his tenure as State Treasurer , he served as United States Marshal for the Western District of Missouri under President Grover Cleveland , and was engaged in the transfer and bus business in St . Joseph , Missouri until his death at 87 years old .
62nd Battalion ( Australia ) The 62nd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army . It was first raised in 1917 during World War I but was disbanded before seeing active service . During World War II the battalion was re - raised in 1942 as a unit of the Militia and was tasked with undertaking garrison duty in Dutch New Guinea , where they defended Merauke from possible Japanese attack . In 1944 the battalion was disbanded and its personnel distributed to units of the 9th Division as reinforcements . History . The battalion was initially formed in the United Kingdom during World War I as part of the effort to raise a 6th Division of the Australian Imperial Force . Established on 25 April 1917 it was assigned to the 17th Brigade before being transferred to the 16th Brigade on 16 May 1917 . It was disbanded on 16 September 1917 , however , due to manpower shortages that resulted from heavy losses amongst the Australian Corps in France during the fighting around Bullecourt and Messines , which , coupled with the shortage of reinforcements due to the reduced number of volunteers and the failure of attempts to introduce conscription , meant that the 6th Division had to be broken up and its personnel dispersed in order to reinforce the other five Australian divisions . During World War II , the battalion was re - raised on 29 December 1942 as a unit of the Militia . At this time , the battalion drew its personnel from the 14th Garrison Battalion who were stationed on Thursday Island and adopted the territorial designation of Merauke Regiment . In January 1943 , the 62nd sailed to Merauke , in Dutch New Guinea as part of Merauke Force . While defending Merauke ’ s airstrip and port , the 62nd also carried out patrolling operations and undertook other garrison duties such as constructing defences , building roads and unloading ships . They remained at Merauke until February 1944 when the 62nd Battalion was relieved by the 20th Motor Regiment and returned to Australia , arriving in Brisbane in March . They then moved to Mount Stuart , near Townsville where they remained until they were disbanded in May 1944 , as nearly 400 men from the battalion were transferred to the units of the 9th Division to make up for its losses during the operations around Lae , Finschhafen and Sattelberg . During the war , three of the battalion ' s personnel died or were killed while on active service . It received one battle honour for its service , that of South - West Pacific 1942 – 44 . Commanding officers . The following officers served as commanding officer of the 62nd Battalion :
Stephen G . Burbridge Stephen Gano Burbridge ( August 19 , 1831 – December 2 , 1894 ) , also known as " Butcher " Burbridge or the " Butcher of Kentucky " , was a controversial Union Major General during the American Civil War . Early life . Burbridge was born in Georgetown , Kentucky . He attended college at Georgetown College and the Kentucky Military Institute in Frankfort , and subsequently became a lawyer . Upon the outbreak of the Civil War , Burbridge formed his own Union regiment and ultimately officially joined the Union Army as a colonel . Civil War . After participating in several Civil War campaigns , including the successful final Battle of Cynthiana against John Hunt Morgan , Burbridge in June 1864 was given command over the state of Kentucky to deal with the growing problem of Confederate guerrilla campaigns . This began an extended period of military siege that would last through early 1865 , beginning with martial law authorized by President Abraham Lincoln . On July 16 , 1864 , Burbridge issued Order No . 59 which declared : " Whenever an unarmed Union citizen is murdered , four guerrillas will be selected from the prison and publicly shot to death at the most convenient place near the scene of the outrages . " During Burbridge ' s rule in Kentucky , he directed the execution and imprisonment of numerous people , including public figures , on charges of treason and other high crimes , many of which were baseless . While continuing in charge of Kentucky , in October 1864 , Burbridge led Union assaults against the salt works near the town of Saltville , Virginia as part of the Battle of Saltville . Burbridge controversially led black troops into battle , which ultimately failed . Wounded troops left behind were killed by Confederate soldiers , with special ire directed toward the black troops . After a falling out with Governor Thomas E . Bramlette , including an attempt to take control of Governor Bramlette ' s troops and arms , in February 1865 , Burbridge was dismissed from his role of overseeing operations in Kentucky . He resigned from the army soon thereafter . Later years . Burbridge later moved to Brooklyn , New York , where he died . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
USS Milledgeville ( PF - 94 ) USS " Milledgeville " ( PF - 94 ) , a , was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Milledgeville , Georgia . The first " Milledgeville " ( PF - 94 ) , originally classified PG - 202 , was reclassified PF - 94 on 15 April 1943 ; named " Sitka " on 11 October 1943 ; laid down under Maritime Commission contract by American Ship Building Company in Lorain , Ohio , on 9 November 1943 ; renamed " Milledgeville " on 7 February 1944 ; launched on 5 April 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Sara Allen Moore ; and placed in service at New Orleans , Louisiana , on 16 November 1944 . She steamed to Charleston , South Carolina , on 18 November ; was placed out of service on 24 November ; and underwent conversion to a weather station ship in the Charleston Navy Yard . " Milledgeville " was commissioned on 18 January 1945 at Charleston , with Lieutenant Commander Joseph H . Hantman , USCG , in command . Service history . Following shakedown and training off Bermuda , " Milledgeville " had duty with TF 24 . Between 3 and 5 April , she sailed to NS Argentia , Newfoundland , and on the 7th she departed on her initial weather patrol in the North Atlantic . Until returning to Argentia on 26 April , she operated on Weather Station No . 1 gathering meteorological information and maintaining air - sea rescue patrols . Between 11 May and 25 August , " Milledgeville " carried out three more patrols in North Atlantic waters ; after which she steamed to Boston , Massachusetts , for overhaul during September . She returned to Argentia on 7 October ; completed her 5th North Atlantic patrol on 29 October ; and arrived back at Boston on 5 November to prepare for weather station duty in the South Atlantic . Departing Boston on 16 November , " Milledgeville " sailed via Trinidad to Recife , Brazil , where she arrived on 1 December . Between 19 and 31 December , she patrolled Weather Station No . 12 off Brazil , then sailed to Trinidad and to Argentia , arriving off Newfoundland on 20 January 1946 . " Milledgeville " resumed North Atlantic patrol duty on 21 January , and during the next several months she continued patrols while operating out of Argentia and Boston . She was decommissioned at Boston on 21 August 1946 , and she was sold to Southern Scrap Material Company of New Orleans , Louisiana , on 9 April 1946 . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 23 April 1947 . She was scrapped starting on 25 March 1948 .
Sherman ' s neckties Sherman ' s neckties were a railway - destruction tactic used in the American Civil War . Named after Maj . Gen . William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army , Sherman ' s neckties were railway rails destroyed by heating them until they were malleable and twisting them into loops resembling neckties , often around trees . Since the Confederacy had limited supplies of iron , and few foundries to roll the rails , this destruction was very difficult to repair . They were also called Sherman ' s bow ties , Sherman ' s hairpins or Jeff Davis hairpins . The neckties were created in accordance with an explicit order from Sherman in his Atlanta Campaign , dated July 18 , 1864 : After three days , only one Confederate railroad line leading into Atlanta remained intact . Not all rail destruction followed Sherman ' s order ; in May 1863 , Arthur Fremantle wrote in his diary that near Jackson , Mississippi , he saw piles of bent rails on cold embers , but does not say they were twisted . Sherman ' s neckties were also a feature of Sherman ' s March to the Sea , a campaign designed to bring total war , serious destruction , to the Confederate States of America . Sherman implemented " scorched earth " policies ; he and Union Army commander Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant believed that the Civil War would end only if the Confederacy ' s strategic , economic , and psychological capacities for warfare were decisively broken . In the early days of the Franklin - Nashville Campaign of late 1864 , the Confederates employed similar tactics against Sherman ' s supply line , the Western and Atlantic Railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta . The rails deformed by fire were known to the soldiers of the Army of Tennessee as " Old Mrs . Lincoln ' s Hair Pins . "
USS Truxtun ( DDG - 103 ) USS " Truxtun " ( DDG - 103 ) is a US Navy " Arleigh Burke " - class destroyer . Her keel was laid down on 11 April 2005 and she was launched on 17 April 2007 . Her commissioning ceremony was held 25 April 2009 in Charleston , South Carolina with Commander Timothy Weber as her first commanding officer . She is named for American Naval hero Thomas Truxtun . DDG - 103 suffered a major electrical fire during construction at NGSS Ingalls , Pascagoula , Mississippi 20 May 2006 engulfing two levels and causing damage believed to be in the millions of dollars . She was christened on 2 June 2007 at NGSS Ingalls in Pascagoula Mississippi and was sponsored by Susan Scott Martin and Carol Leigh Roelker , descendants of Thomas Truxtun .
Royal Australian Naval Reserve The Royal Australian Naval Reserve ( RANR ) is the volunteer reserve force of the Royal Australian Navy in Australia . The current Royal Australian Naval Reserve was formed in June 1973 by merging the former RANR ( Seagoing ) and the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve .
Anthony Palmer Anthony Palmer VC ( 10 March 1819 – 12 December 1892 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was about 35 years old , and a private in the 3rd Battalion , Grenadier Guards , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 5 November 1854 at the Battle of Inkerman , Crimea , Private Palmer , with two other men were the first to volunteer to go with Brevet Major Sir Charles Russell to dislodge a party of Russia ns from the Sandbag Battery . The attack succeeded . During this action Private Palmer shot down an assailant who was in the act of bayoneting Russell , and so saved his life . He was also one of a small band which , by a desperate charge against overwhelming numbers , saved the Colours of the battalion from capture . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Guards Regimental Headquarters ( Grenadier Guards RHQ ) , Wellington Barracks , London , England .
Catoctin Station Raid The Catoctin Station Raid was executed against a train passing through the Catoctin Station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on June 17 , 1863 by Confederate cavalry forces , during the movement north into Maryland by Gen . Robert E . Lee early in the Gettysburg Campaign . Union Army forces further west , in the city of Winchester , Virginia , had just been routed by Lt . Gen . Ewell ’ s Second Corps on June 15 during the Second Battle of Winchester and federal troops were evacuating east to Harpers Ferry , West Virginia in a state of disarray . Rumors of an invasion by Lee were creating panic in the region , and no more trains were departing Baltimore except for the mail train to Harpers Ferry that provided supplies to the Union forces in Frederick County , Maryland . Raid Execution . During the predawn hours on June 17 , Confederate cavalry forces forded the Potomac River , split into two groups and attacked both the Union cavalry near Catoctin station , and the military supply train , which was the last of five separate supply trains heading east from Catoctin Station . The train engineer managed to fend off the attack by getting the train moved away down the line , but he , the conductor and fifteen passengers along with the train were all successfully captured at the next Point of Rocks Station . The train was carrying a load of flour from western mill companies , and the entire cargo was burned .
Marching Marching refers to the organized , uniformed , steady and rhythmic walking forward , usually associated with military troop s . Marching is often performed to march music , and often associated with military parade s . Marching is part of basic training in the military in most countries . In most cases , marching uses a system of drill commands . Learning to march by obeying commands is considered a form of discipline . While marching , individuals must maintain their " dress " , " cover " , " interval " , and " distance " ( DCID ) : In Northern Ireland marching is a major part of the culture , with hundreds of marches occurring annually . These are usually organized by groups such as the Orange Order , which provide most of the participants . Music is provided by marching bands including silver band s , flute band s and others . Marching is often seen as a symbol of control over a particular area , and marching is often seen as a sectarian activity . The Royal Marines refer to a long distance march carrying full kit as a Yomp . The most famous yomp of recent times was during the 1982 Falklands War . Military paces . In the military there are various standard paces . One step occurs on each beat . A pace is the length of one step ( assumed to be 75 cm or 30 " ) ; do not confuse this use of " pace " with the ancient Roman unit of length ( 2 steps or 5 roman feet = 148 cm or 58 " ) . For mechanical efficiency , opposite arms usually swing with each leg while marching . British and Commonwealth armed forces keep their arms straight and swing the hand as high as the shoulder while forward and in theory to the level of the belt when backward . US troops swing the arm through a smaller arc and some European armies bend the arm during the swing . Most foot drill instructors believe these differing practices are efficient i . e . maintain rhythm for long route marches . Some South American and Eastern European countries march on parade with the stiff leg earlier famous as the " goose step " of German troops . German and Scandinavian military bands and units swing with only the right arm , 90 degrees straight out . Some troops ( like the Royal Swedish Lifeguard ) swing with their left arm . This is because they carry their gun in their right arm .
Bombing of Hamamatsu in World War II The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers of the Empire of Japan during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II . Background . The city of Hamamatsu was a target for air raid s by the USAAF on several occasions during the Pacific War . Hamamatsu , in addition to being a major transportation hub on the Tōkaidō Main Line railway connecting Tokyo with Osaka also had several targets of military significance . It was the location of armaments factories , including Shōwa Yakuhin , Nakajima Aircraft Company , and Suzuki Motors . It was also the location of the Hamamatsu Flight School of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force and a major military air field . Hamamatsu was also situated on the main flight route from Saipan to either Nagoya or Tokyo and was thus often assigned as a secondary target . In 1945 , Hamamatsu city had an estimated population of 166 , 346 people . A year after the war , the United States Army Air Forces ' s Strategic Bombing Survey ( Pacific War ) reported that 60 . 3 percent of the city had been totally destroyed . In addition to strategic bombing , Hamamatsu was also subject to tactical air raids launched by United States Navy carrier - based aircraft , and was bombarded by United States and Royal Navy vessels on July 29 , 1945 .
Battle of Adrianople ( 1254 ) The Battle of Adrianople was fought in 1254 between the Byzantine Greek Empire of Nicaea and the Bulgarians . Michael Asen I of Bulgaria tried to reconquer land taken by the Empire of Nicaea , but the swift advance of Theodore II Lascaris caught the Bulgarians unprepared . The Byzantines were victorious .
USS Captain Dud ( ID - 3507 ) USS " Captain Dud " ( ID - 3507 ) , later USS " YD - 43 " , was a United States Navy floating derrick in service from 1918 to 1956 . " Captain Dud " was built in 1914 as the commercial wooden , pontoon - hull , steel A - frame floating derrick " Captain Dud S507 " by S . Flory at Bangor , Pennsylvania ; her design included a copper - sheathed house . In 1918 the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , the Thames Towboat Company of New London , Connecticut , for use during World War I , assigned her the naval registry identification number 3507 , and placed her in service as USS " Captain Dud " ( ID - 3507 ) . " Captain Dud " was assigned to the 5th Naval District . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , she was classified as a floating crane ( YD ) , her name was dropped , and she became USS " YD - 43 " . " YD - 43 " was rebuilt in 1932 and remained in service until 1956 .