naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fiat G . 80 The Fiat G . 80 was a military trainer developed in Italy in the 1950s , and was that country ' s first true jet - powered aircraft . It was a conventional low - wing monoplane with retractable tricycle undercarriage and engine intakes on the fuselage sides . The pilot and instructor sat in tandem under a long bubble canopy . Two G . 80 prototypes were followed by three pre - production machines , but the " Aeronautica Militare " found it unsuitable for their requirements and did not purchase it in quantity . Undeterred , Fiat developed a more refined version , dubbed the " G . 82 " , for entry in a NATO competition to select a standard jet trainer . Apart from many detail changes , the G . 82 featured a longer fuselage , a Rolls - Royce Nene engine in place of the G . 80 ' s de Havilland Goblin , and wingtip tanks . Five aircraft were constructed , but when the competition was cancelled and the G . 82 was not selected by either NATO or the " Aeronautica Militare " , the development programme was finally terminated . Plans for specialised versions including night fighter , reconnaissance , and close - support aircraft went unrealised , as did the G . 84 that was to have been powered by an Allison J35 . The G . 82s were used for a few years by the " Aeronautica Militare " s training school at Amendola before being handed over to the " Reparto Sperimentale Volo " ( " Department of Experimental Flight " ) in 1957 .
Women ' s Overseas Service League The Women ' s Overseas Service League is a non - governmental organization based in the United States . It was founded in the May of 1921 to provide financial support and relationships for and between servicewomen who returned from World War I to no benefits , unlike their male counterparts . It started as local groups and then became national . Its first convention was also in 1921 and has been held every single year since , except during World War II ( 1942 – 1945 ) . They have a magazine called " Carry On . " It was the first women ' s organization to donate to UNICEF and the first to be acknowledged as an accredited observer by the United Nations .
Ballinskelligs Castle Ballinskelligs Castle is a castle located near Ballinskelligs on the Iveragh Peninsula in Kerry , Ireland . The castle is situated on the western shore of Ballinskelligs Bay , on a narrow promontory which is subject to heavy erosion . The castle was constructed by the MacCarthy Mórs in the 16th century to protect the bay from pirates , and possibly in order to charge a tariff on incoming trade vessels .
Battle of Taku Forts ( 1860 ) The Third Battle of Taku Forts was an engagement of the Second Opium War , part of the British and French 1860 expedition to China . It took place at the Taku Forts ( also called Peiho Forts ) near Tanggu District ( Wade - Giles : Pei Tang - Ho ) , approximately 60 kilometers ( 36 mi . ) southeast of Tianjin City ( Wide - Giles : " Tientsin " ) . Background . The aim of the allied French - British expedition was to compel the Chinese government at Peking to observe the trade treaties signed between their governments at Tiajian ( Tientsin ) in 1858 , which included allowing the British to continue the opium trade in China . Lieutenant General Sir Hope Grant was the British commander with Charles Cousin - Montauban , Comte de Palikao in charge of the French . The force consisted of about 400 men : 200 British and 200 French . Hundreds of Qing Army troops garrison ed the Taku Forts , at least forty - five artillery pieces were among the Chinese defenders . Battle . On July 30 , 1860 the Anglo - French army landed at Pei Tang - Ho . A few days later a reconnaissance force moved towards the Taku Forts for close observation , two British soldiers were wounded by bullets from a Chinese jingal . After a few more days , on August 12 , the allied force attacked the emplacement . They also built trench es to help protect themselves from a possible Chinese counter attack . Then the major assault took place on the main Chinese forts . Heavy fighting ensued as the attackers crossed several Chinese trenches and spiked bamboo palisade s . The Anglo - French force first tried an unsuccessful attack on the main gate of the fortifications . After that failed , the allied army resorted to climbing over the walls and entering the main fortress that way . The first British officer to enter the fort was Lieutenant Robert Montresor Rogers , who was later awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery that day . He was closely followed by a private , John McDougall who was also awarded the Victoria Cross . During the fighting , Lieutenant Rogers was severely wounded , fourteen men were killed and one drummer boy and forty - six other men were also wounded . Over 100 Qing defenders were killed , many more wounded and forty - five guns captured . After capturing the main Chinese positions , the force rested for six days then attacked again , resulting in the capture of the remaining Taku forts which were pacified by August 21 . The number of French casualties is unknown . Aftermath . The third battle at the Taku Forts was one of the last major engagements of the Second Opium War . The fighting ended with the allied occupation of Peking on October 13 , 1860 and the Chinese acceptance of the trading treaties .
Honda Masanobu In 1563 , when an uprising against Ieyasu occurred in Mikawa Province , Masanobu took the side of the peasants against Ieyasu . He fled from the Tokugawa , rejoining them in the 1570s or 1580s at the behest of Ōkubo Tadayo , and accompanied Ieyasu as he crossed Iga Province following the assassination of Oda Nobunaga at Honnō - ji . In 1600 , Masanobu joined Tokugawa Hidetada ' s army for the march along the Nakasendō . En route , however , Hidetada attacked Sanada Masayuki at Ueda Castle against Masanobu ' s advice , and together they arrived late for the Battle of Sekigahara . Masanobu was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate and ruled a Han in Sagami Province assessed at 20 , 000 " koku " . He was present at the Siege of Osaka in 1614 . Masanobu died several weeks after Ieyasu in 1616 .
Barrack buster Barrack buster is the colloquial name given to several improvised mortars , developed in the 1990s by the engineering group of the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) . The first barrack buster - known to the British security forces as the Mark 15 mortar - consisted of a one metre long metal propane cylinder with a diameter of 36 cm that contained around 70 kg of home - made explosives and with a range between 75 and 275 m . The cylinder is an adaptation of a commercial ' Kosangas ' gas cylinder for heating and cooking gas used in rural areas in Ireland . It was first used in an attack on 7 December 1992 against a security base in Ballygawley , County Tyrone , in Northern Ireland , injuring a number of RUC officers . The projectile was deflected by the branches of a tree , which prevented further damage . Provisional IRA ' s improvised mortars . The barrack buster belongs to a series of home - made mortars developed since the 1970s . The first such mortar — Mark 1 — was used in an attack in May 1972 and it was soon followed by the first of a series of improved or differentiated versions stretching into the 1990s : Strategic impact . The intensification of the IRA ' s mortar campaign in the late 1980s forced the British government to increase the number of army troops in Northern Ireland from its lowest ebb of 9 , 000 in 1985 to 10 , 500 by 1992 . The IRA ' s use of mortars combined with heavy machine guns compelled the British Army to build their main checkpoints more than a mile away from the border by 1992 . Use by other groups . These mortars have been used by the Real IRA in the 2000s which also developed their own fuzing system for the mortars . Furthermore , what appears to be a similar or identical mortar technology has also been used since 1998 by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ( FARC ) and ETA in Spain was in 2001 rumoured to have built mortars " very similar " to the IRA ' s . The possible transfer of this mortar technology to the FARC was a central issue in the arrest in August 2001 and later trial of the so - called Colombia Three group of IRA members who were alleged by Colombian authorities and by the U . S . House of Representatives Committee on International Relations to have trained FARC in the manufacture and use of this mortar technology . Colloquial usage . A derived term in Belfast refers to a three litre bottle of inexpensive cider .
Aeromarine 39 The Aeromarine 39 was an American two - seat training seaplane ordered by the US Navy in 1917 and built by the Aeromarine Plane and Motor Company of Keyport , New Jersey . Of conventional biplane configuration and construction , the aircraft was designed so that its pontoon s could be speedily detached and replaced with wheeled undercarriage for shore operations . History . Fifty of the original design ( later referred to as the 39A ) were produced , featuring twin floats and powered by a Hall - Scott A - 7 engine . A redesign followed , increasing the wingspan to create more lift for water take - offs . This became known as the 39B . Other changes included a change to a single pontoon with outrigger floats , an enlarged vertical tail , and a change of powerplant to the Curtiss OXX . One of the 150 39Bs built earned a place in history when on October 26 , 1922 Godfrey DeCourcelles Chevalier landed it on a moving ship , USS " Langley " , the first time this had been achieved on an American aircraft carrier . Trials of underway carrier takeoffs and landings continued through 1922 and 1923 . Survivors . An example of a 39B is preserved at the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome , although it has been severely damaged by two fires , one in 1966 and one in the early 1980s .
Defense Finance and Accounting Service The Defense Finance and Accounting Service ( DFAS ) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense under the direction of the Under Secretary of Defense ( Comptroller ) . DFAS provides finance and accounting services for the civil and military members of the Department . Headquartered in Indianapolis , IN , it was activated on Jan . 18 , 1991 . DFAS is the world ' s largest finance and accounting operation . DFAS pays all DoD military and civilian personnel , retirees and annuitants , as well as major DoD contractors and vendors . DFAS also supports customers outside the DoD in support of electronic government initiatives . These customers include the Executive Office of the President , the Environmental Protection Agency , the Department of Energy , the Department of Veterans Affairs , the Department of Health and Human Services and the Broadcasting Board of Governors . DFAS is a working capital fund agency financed by reimbursement of operating costs from its governmental customers ( mostly the military service departments ) rather than through direct appropriations . This service - provider relationship with its customers has resulted in a continuous innovation and improvement in the quality of services DFAS provides . DFAS has steadily reduced its operating costs and has returned these savings to customers in the form of decreased costs . In FY 2011 , DFAS : History . In 1991 , Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney created the Defense Finance and Accounting Service to reduce the cost of Defense Department finance and accounting operations and to strengthen financial management through consolidation of finance and accounting activities across the department . Since its inception , DFAS has consolidated more than 300 installation - level finance and accounting offices into 10 sites , and reduced the work force from about 27 , 000 to about 13 , 000 personnel . In 2003 , DFAS was selected by the Office of Personnel Management to be one of four governmental entities to provide payroll services for the U . S . government . In 2004 , Nielsen Norman Group named the Defense Finance and Accounting Service ' s portal ( ePortal ) among the 10 best government intranet s in the world . Experts at the Nielsen reviewed hundreds of intranets before naming the top ten which shared traits like good usability and organization , performance metrics and incremental improvements . The 2005 round of Base Realignment and Closure cuts had DFAS being completely restructured . Many sites were integrated into major centers . The organization has continued to shift its focus to be a joint service provider . One of the most visible responsibilities of DFAS is handling military pay .
Operation Hammer ( 1997 ) Operation Hammer ( ) was a cross - border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 12 May and 7 July 1997 against the Kurdistan Workers ' Party ( PKK ) . The operations objectives were to destroy PKK units in Northern Iraq , to strengthen Massoud Barzani ' s Kurdistan Democratic Party in its ongoing Civil War with Jalal Talabani ' s Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the hole that the KDP would prevent further PKK raids into Turkey , and to counter Iranian influence in the region as Turkey accused Iran of supporting the PKK , and over 2 , 000 Iranian forces had entered Iraqi Kurdistan that year to aid the PUK . The conflict . Some 30 - 50 thousand Turkish forces entered Iraq on May 14 in response to an appeal by the Kurdistan Democratic Party for support in its offensive against the PKK . On May 19 , the KDP launched a military operation to evacuate all PKK fighters from their capital in Arbil , which turned into a major battle in which 53 KDP and 58 PKK fighters were killed . In response the PKK ordered 4 suicide bombings from June 1 to June 11 which resulted in the death of 55 KDP fighters By July 7 , when Turkish forces withdrew , over 2 , 000 PKK and at least 200 KDP forces had been killed . The operation drew strong condemnation from Iraq , Iran and Syria . Casualties . More than 30 , 000 troops took part in the initial operation . Turkey announced fatalities at a total of 114 personnel made out of 14 commissioned officers , four non - commissioned officers , 75 soldiers and 21 village guards . Turkey announced the injured at a total of 185 personnel made out of 24 commissioned officers 17 non - commissioned officers , 338 soldiers and 48 village guards . Turkey announced the total number of militants neutralized at a total of 3 , 145 with 2 , 730 being killed and 415 being captured live or injured . Turkey launched another large - scale operation in September known as Operation Dawn .
125 Squadron , Republic of Singapore Air Force The 125 Squadron " Puma " is a helicopter squadron base at Sembawang Air Base , Republic of Singapore Air Force , the squadron goes by the motto of " " Swift In Support " " , with the Puma as the squadron ' s motif . Unit History . Formed in February 1985 , the 125 Squadron consisted of the newly purchased Super Puma s . This was the Republic of Singapore Air Force ' s third helicopter squadron , after 120 Sqn and 123 Sqn . The pilots for the new helicopters were drawn from the two squadrons and led by Major Chia Sin Kwong , were sent to France to undergo a conversion course . The first Super Puma made its way to Singapore in July 1985 and the Squadron was officially inaugurated on 4 October 1985 . The guest of honour for the ceremony was the then Chief of General Staff , Major - General ( later Lieutenant - General ) Winston Choo . Three of the Squadron ' s Super Pumas are permanently painted in red and white paint scheme for conducting Search and rescue ( SAR ) work , taking over the duty of SAR - configured Bell 212 Twin Huey helicopters from 120 Sqn , which were retired the same year , the motto of the SAR detachment is " " That others may live " " . Based at Sembawang Air Base , the Super Pumas brought to the RSAF a new dimension in its operational capabilities . Prior to the acquisition of the CH - 47 Chinook , SAF relied on the squadron ' s Super Puma helicopters to transport its light vehicles and troops around on various detachments and training grounds . During Singapore ' s National Day , the Super Pumas take on a different , but no less important , role . Since 1986 , they have been active participants of the parade , either flying the Singapore flag proudly or simply being part of the flypast . In the lead up to the 2008 National Day Parade duties , a Super Puma crashed landed on the compound at Sembawang Air Base , with no fatalities . In 2010 , current Commanding Officer LTC Ong Jack Sen and the squadron celebrated the 25th anniversary of Super Puma operations in the RSAF .
Siege of Rheinfelden ( 1633 ) The Siege of Rheinfelden of 1633 or the Spanish recapture of Rheinfelden " ( Spanish : La Expugnación de Rheinfelden ) " took place in late of October , 1633 , during the Thirty Years ' War . The Spanish army ( 20 , 000 troops ) of the Governor of the Duchy of Milan , Don Gómez Suárez de Figueroa , Duke of Feria , ( " Spanish Army of Alsace " ) , after relieving and taking Konstanz , Breisach and Bregenz , captured by storm the Swiss city of Rheinfelden , as part of the plan designed by the favourite and chief minister of Philip IV of Spain , Don Gaspar de Guzmán , Count - Duke of Olivares , to release the Rhine route of the harassment by Swedish , French and Protestant - German troops ( Heilbronn League ) , defend the Franche - Comté , safeguard the Tyrol , support the troops of the Holy Roman Empire , and open a strategic corridor for the Spanish troops from the Spanish Lombardy to the Spanish Netherlands .
Charles S . Abbot Charles S . Abbot is a retired United States Navy Admiral who served as Deputy Commander in Chief , United States European Command ( DCINCEUR ) from 1998 to 2000 . Military career . Abbot was born on January 19 , 1945 in Pensacola , Florida . He graduated from Phillips Academy , Andover , in 1962 and the United States Naval Academy in 1966 and was chosen as a Rhodes Scholar to attend Oxford University . Selected as a naval aviator , he graduated from the U . S . Air Force Test Pilot School and later naval nuclear power training . During the Gulf War , he commanded the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt ( CVN - 71 ) and commanded the Theodore Roosevelt battle group while assigned as commander , Carrier Group Eight . He commanded the United States Sixth Fleet from 1996 to 1998 , and completed his naval career as deputy commander - in - chief , United States European Command . Post military career . Abbot retired from the Navy in 2000 , and later assumed the position of deputy homeland security advisor to President George W . Bush , a position he held from 2001 to 2003 . Currently he is president of the Navy - Marine Corps Relief Society , a private , non - profit organization for assisting sailors , Marines , and their families . He is also active within the Military Officers Association of America , where he sits on several committees . He lives in Arlington , Virginia .
Thomas Beach ( VC ) Thomas Beach VC ( 24 January 1824 – 24 August 1864 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 30 years old , and a private in the 55th ( Westmoreland ) Foot , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : On 5 November 1854 at the Battle of Inkerman , Crimea , when on picquet duty , Private Beach attacked several Russians who were plundering Lieut . - Colonel Carpenter , 41st Regiment , who was lying wounded on the ground . He killed two of the Russians , and protected Lieut . - Colonel Carpenter until the arrival of some men of the 41st Regiment .
Margaret Kemble Gage Margaret Kemble Gage ( 1734 – 1824 ) was the wife of General Thomas Gage , who led the British Army during the American Revolutionary War , and is said to have spied against him out of sympathy for the Revolution . She was born in New Brunswick , New Jersey and resided in East Brunswick Township . Patriot Spy . Historical texts , most notably " Paul Revere ' s Ride " suggest that Mrs . Gage allegedly provided Joseph Warren with information regarding General Gage ' s raid at Lexington and Concord . Although there is no documented evidence that confirms Gage as Warren ' s informer , speculation of her being a spy for the patriots remained due to her familial ties to America . Among the skeptics was her husband . Fischer writes in " Paul Revere ' s Ride " , " All of this circumstantial evidence suggests that it is highly probable , though far from certain that Dr . Warren ' s informer was indeed Margaret Kemble Gage - a lady of divided loyalties to both her husband and her native land " . As a result , Gage was sent to England aboard the " Charming Nancy " on her husband ' s orders in the summer of 1775 . Family life . Margaret Kemble was the great - granddaughter of Mayor of New York City Stephanus Van Cortlandt . She was the daughter of Peter Kemble , a well - to - do New Jersey businessman and politician , and of Gertrude Bayard . She married Thomas on December 8 , 1758 . Together they had seven children . Their first son , the future 3rd Viscount Gage , was born in 1761 . Gage ' s daughter , Charlotte Margaret Gage , married British Admiral Charles Ogle . Her brother , Stephen Kemble was a Lieutenant - Colonel in the British Army during the Revolution .
Ras el Ma Airfield Ras el Ma Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Morocco , located in the southeast suburbs of Ras Kebdana . The airfield served as a support facility for the port , allowing Allied aircraft to be assembled and parepared for combat duty , then flown from the airstrip as replacements during the North African Campaign . The United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force also used the airfield to re - equip the 27th Bombardment Group with the A - 36 Apache close air support variant of the P - 51 Mustang in April 1943 . Once the unit was successfully transitioned from its A - 20 Havoc light bombers , it was reassigned back to combat duty at Korba , Tunisia .