naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
11th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 11th Infantry Brigade was a British Army regular formation that served in both the First and Second World War s . Deactivated in 1958 it was reactivated in 2008 to assume command of the planned Operation Herrick deployment to Afghanistan in late 2009 . History . Second World War . The 11th Infantry Brigade was originally part of the 4th Infantry Division , serving with it during the Battle of France in 1940 and then in the United Kingdom up until 6 June 1942 when it was reassigned to join 78th Infantry Division ( commanded by Vivyan Evelegh , a previous commander of the brigade ) which was being newly formed to take part in Operation Torch as part of the First Army ( commanded by Kenneth Anderson , also a previous commander of the brigade ) . The brigade landed in North Africa at Algiers in November 1942 and fought with 78th Division throughout the Tunisian Campaign which ended with the Axis surrender in May 1943 . It then served with 78th Division throughout the campaigns in Sicily and Italy ( except for a period of rest and training in Egypt between July and October 1944 ) , ending the war with crossing the Italian border into Austria . Following World War II the Brigade was again active with the 4th Infantry Division in I ( BR ) Corps in Germany from at least 1956 to 1958 . 21st century . In 2008 , it was announced that 11 Light Brigade would be reformed to assume command of the planned Operation Herrick deployment to Afghanistan in late 2009 . The Brigade is headquartered in Aldershot and is formed using units from existing formations . It was disbanded in 2010 on its return from Afghanistan , with its component units returning to their previous formations . During the Brigades deployment in Helmand , Afghanistan , it also commanded a Danish Battalion from the Royal Danish Guard Hussar Regiment with its own logistical detachment . The Brigade has now disbanded .
Augustin Thompson Augustin Thompson ( Union , Maine on November 25 , 1835 - June 8 , 1903 ) was a physician , business person and philanthropist who created the Moxie soft drink and the company that manufactures it . Early life . Thompson was born in Union , Maine on November 25 , 1835 . In the early part of the American Civil War , he joined the Union Army forces as captain of Company G , 28th Maine Volunteer Infantry . He saw action in the Siege of Port Hudson in Donaldsonville , Louisiana as well as minor action at Fort Pickens in Pensacola , Florida . Later in life he was granted the rank of lieutenant colonel through an act of Congress . After the war ended , he went on to attend Hahnemann Homeopathia College and graduated with honors at the head of his class . Upon graduation he settled in Lowell , Massachusetts where he set up his medical practice in 1867 . By 1885 , Dr . Thompson ' s practice had become highly successful and he was said to have one of the largest patient lists in New England . However it was at this time he gave up his US $ 15 , 000 ( over US $ 350 , 000 by 2009 standards ) to begin the marketing and sale of his Moxie nerve tonic . Business . The tonic , based upon his original patent medicine " Nerve Food " created in 1876 , was first released as a syrup in 1884 . In 1885 , he received a trade mark for the term and released it as a carbonated beverage . There had been a lawsuit in 1907 complained by The Moxie Nerve Food Company of New England against Modox Company and others for copying the ingredients and using the name of " Modox " which closely resembled " Moxie " and infringing on their patents and trademarks . The complaint was dismissed regretfully by the judge who said the court could not protect the legitimate part of the complainant ' s business in this case . In a later case in New York , the Moxie Nerve Food Company won the complaint against Modox which subsequently went out of business . Death . Thompson died June 8 , 1903 and is buried in Lowell at the Lowell Cemetery .
United States Army Pike ' s Peak Research Laboratory The United States Army Pikes Peak Research Laboratory , or simply the “ Pikes Peak Lab ” , is a modern medical research laboratory for the assessment of the impact of high altitude on human physiological and medical parameters of military interest . It is a satellite facility of the U . S . Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine ( USARIEM ) , located in Natick , Massachusetts . The Pikes Peak Lab is at the summit of Pikes Peak in central Colorado , USA . The summit is approximately of relatively flat , rocky terrain and is directly and easily accessible by automobile via the Pikes Peak Highway . The lab has been maintained by USARIEM since 1969 and is a building of . floor space divided into a kitchen and dining / day room , common area bathroom and shower , and common area sleeping quarters accommodating up to 16 research volunteers , a wet laboratory , a research area , and a mechanical room housing steel storage tanks for water and sewage . The building is well insulated and protected from the elements , supplied with electrical power , and heated by natural gas . Also occupying the summit is the commercially operated lodging , the Summit House , for the 500 to 3000 tourists who come daily to the summit in the summer time by car , cog railway , or trail hiking . US Forest Service ranger s of the Pike National Forest have general administrative oversight of the greater area .
Girona ( ship ) La Girona was a galleass of the 1588 Spanish Armada which foundered and sank off Lacada Point , County Antrim , Northern Ireland , on the night of 26 October 1588 after making its way eastward along the Irish coast . The wreck is noteworthy for the loss of life that resulted , and for the treasures since recovered . The shipwreck . The " Girona " had anchored in Killybegs harbour , Donegal , for repairs to her rudder while two other ships had been lost on attempting to enter the harbor . About 800 survivors from two other Spanish shipwrecks were taken aboard at Killybegs , from " La Rata Santa Maria Encoronada " , which ran aground in Blacksod Bay off the coast of County Mayo , and the " Duquesa Santa Ana , " which went aground at Loughros Mor Bay , Donegal . With the assistance of an Irish chieftain , MacSweeney Bannagh , the " Girona " was repaired and set sail for Scotland on 25 October , with 1 , 300 men on board , including Alonso Martinez de Leyva . Lough Foyle was cleared , but then a gale struck and the " Girona " was driven ashore at Lacada Point , near Dunluce in County Antrim on the night of 28 October 1588 . Of the estimated 1300 people on board , there were nine survivors , who were sent on to Scotland by Sorley Boy MacDonnell ; 260 bodies were washed ashore . Commemoration . The wrecking of " La Girona " is commemorated today in illustrations of the Armada and the Antrim coast which appear on the reverse side of sterling banknotes issued by the First Trust Bank in Northern Ireland . Salvage . The first salvage attempts of the " Girona " were made within months by Sir George Carew , who complained at the expense of " sustaining the divers with copious draughts of " usequebaugh " " ( whiskey ) . Sorley Boy MacDonnell recovered 3 brass cannon and 2 chests of treasure from the wreck . In 1967 and 1968 , off the coast of Portballintrae , a team of Belgian divers ( including Robert Sténuit , the world ' s first aquanaut ) brought up the greatest find of Spanish Armada treasure ever recovered from a wrecked ship . The " Girona " ’ s recovered gold jewellery is on show in the Ulster Museum in Belfast . The wreck site was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 22 April 1993 .
Philip ( son of Machatas ) Philip ( in Greek Φιλιππoς ; died 326 BC ) , son of Machatas , was an officer in the service of Alexander the Great , who was appointed by him in 327 BC satrap of India , including the provinces westward of the Hydaspes , as far south as the junction of the Indus with the Acesines . After the conquest of the Malli and Oxydracae , these tribes also were added to his government . Philip was put in charge by Alexander of building the city of Alexandria on the Indus . The territory south of the junction of the Indus with the Acesines to the sea was given to Oxyartes and Peithon , son of Agenor ( Arrian , Anabasis of Alexander VI . 15 . 4 ) Droysen considers this Philip to have been the father of Antigonus , the king of Asia . It is certain at least that they were both of the race of the princes of Elimiotis . After the departure of Alexander from India , Philip was assassinated by a conspiracy formed among the mercenary troops under his command , 326 BC . Alexander named Eudamus and Taxilas as rulers of his territories in replacement :
Battle of Rio de Janeiro ( 1558 ) The Battle of Rio de Janeiro was a battle in 1558 on the French town at Rio de Janeiro , called Henriville . The Portuguese , though in far smaller numbers , managed to defeat the French and make them flee to the jungle . The French town was then burnt by Mem de Sá , the Portuguese governor . Background . Year before , Villegagnon and his friend and comrade , Admiral Coligny , managed to build a fort in the area of modern day Rio de Janeiro to which they called Fort Goligny . Calling Henriville to the town , the French grew in size and power and became a serious threat to the Portuguese establishment in Brazil .
Villafranca Air Base Villafranca Air Base is a former Italian Air Force installation in Villafranca , Verona , Italy . It was originally built for World War II , and was later reopened as the Verona Villafranca Airport after its closure . During the Bosnian War , the base was used by NATO aircraft as a staging area .
77a Squadriglia 77a Squadriglia was one of the first Italian fighter squadron s . After its founding on 31 May 1916 , it began flying combat in July 1916 , and would operate until war ' s end . It was one of the squadrons drawn into late 1917 ' s Battle of Caporetto , and forced to retreat after the Italian defeat . By the time the Austro - Hungarians sued for peace , " 77a Squadriglia " could count some 50 aerial victories scored in about 250 victories . History . " 77a Squadriglia " of the " Corpo Aeronautico Militare " was founded at La Comina on 31 May 1916 . It was issued Nieuport 10 two - seaters and assigned to " 3o Gruppo " . The new squadron began flying combat operations in July 1916 . After its move to Cascina Farello , on 14 November 1916 the squadron ' s airfield was bombed , killing two . As the year turned , " 77a Squadriglia " was re - equipped with Nieuport 17 single - seat fighters . In March 1917 , it began receiving Spad VII s , which it embalzoned with the squadron symbol of a heart in a white circle . The unit was drawn into the northern frontier fighting at Caporetto . As a result of that Italian defeat , the squadron was forced to relocate rapidly three times . After coming to rest at Marcon , the squadron was attached as part of " 13o Gruppo " . As the squadron ' s records have vanished , details of its later wartime service are scarce ; one known notable feat was Italy ' s first night fighter victory on 24 July 1918 , scored by Giovanni Ancillotto . However , when World War I did end , the squadron had flown more than 5 , 000 combat sortie s , engaged its aerial enemies about 250 times , and been credited with 50 victories . Four of its pilots had become aces while within its ranks .
Full metal jacket bullet A full metal jacket ( or FMJ ) is a bullet consisting of a soft core ( usually made of lead ) encased in a shell of harder metal , such as gilding metal , cupronickel or less commonly a steel alloy . This shell can extend around all of the bullet ( alternatively termed a total metal jacket round ) or , more often , just around the front and sides with the rear lead part left exposed . The jacket allows for higher muzzle velocities than bare lead without depositing significant amounts of metal in the bore . It also prevents damage to bores from steel or armor - piercing core materials . The appearance of FMJ ammunition is highly distinctive when compared to hollow - point or soft point bullet s . Historically , the first successful full metal jacket rifle bullets were invented by Lt . Col . Eduard Rubin of the Swiss Army in 1882 . Full metal jacket bullets were first used as standard ammunition in 1886 , for the French Mle 1886 Lebel rifle . Disadvantages . There are some disadvantages to jacketing a bullet . For instance , full metal jacket bullets have different properties , both in terms of behavior inside the barrel of the gun and also in flight . Whereas hollow point and soft - tipped bullets are designed to expand upon impact , full metal jacket bullets are limited in their capacity to expand . This makes the bullet pierce through , in most cases leading to smaller wound size . Hollow point and soft tipped bullets are for use against soft targets only , such as animals or people , whereas full metal jacketed bullets can be indiscriminately used against soft and hard targets . FMJ with variable cores . Some designs of FMJ rifle ammunition inflict more destructive gunshot wounds than others . Not all FMJ bullets contain a simple lead filling . Here are some examples : Although British Mark 7 . 303 ammunition is compliant with the terms of the Hague Convention , it creates more destructive gunshot wounds than standard spitzer bullets due to its internal design . The center of gravity of the Mark 7 bullet is deliberately shifted towards the rear . This is achieved by constructing the front third of the interior of the bullet from a lighter material such as aluminum or wood pulp . The result is a tail - heavy FMJ bullet which yaws violently after hitting the target . The . 303 British Mark 7 ammunition has been replaced by the 7 . 62x51mm NATO . Most 5 . 45x39mm FMJ ammunition is made with an air space in the tip of the round similarly shifting the weight to the rear causing immediate and violent tumbling when it contacts a soft target . 5 . 56x45 ammunition traveling at the proper velocity will also tumble and the round will break apart at the cannelure and fragment .
USS J . B . Walker ( ID - 1272 ) USS " J . B . Walker " ( ID 1272 ) was an old schooner hulk acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War I . Because of her age , condition and relatively large cargo capacity , she was used as a collier , carrying coal where needed . She was not self - propelled , and required to be towed from one port to another . Post - war , " J . B . Walker " was sold . Built in Maine in 1879 . " J . B . Walker " , a 2 , 136 gross ton seagoing barge , was built at Thomaston , Maine , in 1879 as a schooner . After operating commercially for nearly four decades , she was taken over by the U . S . Navy in October 1917 and placed in commission as USS " J . B . Walker " ( ID # 1272 ) in August 1918 . World War I service . For the rest of World War I , and for some months after the November 1918 Armistice , she was employed carrying coal between Norfolk , Virginia , and New England . In late March 1919 " J . B . Walker " was assigned to the Fifth Naval District , probably for harbor service in the vicinity of Norfolk and Hampton Roads . She was sold in September 1919 .
Battle of Pirajá The Battle of Pirajá was a battle that occurred during the Brazilian War of Independence , on the province ( now state ) of Bahia on November 8 , 1822 . It was a deisive battle between the peacemaker army and the Portuguese forces . The Brazilian victory consolidated the defeat of the Portuguese in both military and political terms . Such factors would contribute to the independence of Bahia on July 2 , 1822 , and later , the independence of the whole Brazil in Setember 7 of the same year . The commander of the Portuguese forces in Bahia was Inácio Luís Madeira de Melo , sent by Portugal to suppress the rumours of independence and the politico - administrative dissidence . The French general Pedro Labout was named by the prince - regent Dom Pedro I , in July 3 , 1822 , as commander of the peacemaker army , that would assume the command of the Brazilian forces that would battle the of forces of Madeira de Melo , at Bahia . A curious fact about this battle is a narrative told by Tobias Monteiro in his book " A elaboração da independência " ( the elaboration of the independence ) about an episode where Major Barros Falcão , that commanded the Brazilian troops at certain point of the battle , gave the order of retreat , but the trumpeter Luís Lopes , by his own , made the sound to " Cavalry , advance and behead " . The Portuguese , frightened by such movement ( that was impossible , as the Brazilians didn ' t had cavalry at that battle ) , panicked and retreated , giving the momentum to the Brazilian troops , that attacked with renewed morale and won the battle .
Hinrich Schuldt SS - Brigadeführer Hinrich Schuldt ( 14 January 1901 – 15 March 1944 ) was a German Waffen - SS officer and a posthumous recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern " ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was killed in action by an anti - tank shell . Career . Hinrich Schuldt was born on 14 January 1901 in Blankenese , Hamburg . He joined the military service in the " Reichsmarine " in 1922 as an officer candidate . He was promoted to " Leutnant zur See " ( Second Lieutenant ) in 1926 and served on the battleship SMS " Elsass " . In 1933 he transferred to newly formed SS - Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler and took command of the 3rd company .
Republic of Sri Lanka Armed Services Medal It is ordained that the medal shall be awarded to all ranks of the Regular and Volunteer Forces of the Armed Service of the Republic of Sri Lanka , including officers but excluding those in the ranks of the Ceylon Cadet Corps , who were in service on the 22nd May 1972 and who are recommended by the Commander of the Army , the Captain of the Navy or the Commander of the Air Force , to receive the award .
Marine Aircraft Group 24 Marine Aircraft Group 24 ( MAG - 24 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation unit based at Marine Corps Air Facility Kaneohe Bay that is currently composed of one HMH - 463 CH - 53D Sea Stallion Squadron , one HMLA - 367 AH - 1W and UH - 1Y Squadron , a Marine Wing Support Detachment ( MWSD - 24 ) and a Marine Aircraft Logistic Squadron MALS - 24 . They fall under the command of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing and the III Marine Expeditionary Force . Mission . Provide combat - ready , expeditionary aviation forces capable of short - notice , worldwide employment to a Marine Air Ground Task Force . History . World War II . Activated on 1 March 1942 at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa , Oahu , Hawaii . During World War II , MAG - 24 saw extensive action throughout the Pacific theater , and in particular in the campaigns to liberate the Philippines . Following the war , MAG - 24 was deployed as part of the III Amphibious Corps to Peiping in Northern China to take part in the occupation that lasted from October 1945 until April 1947 . In April 1947 they were relocated to Guam . In 1949 , MAG - 24 moved to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point , North Carolina and remained there for the next twenty years . 1960s through today . In April 1968 , MAG - 24 moved back to the Pacific and Kaneohe , Hawaii where it became the Marine Corps ’ largest and only permanent composite Marine Aircraft Group . Starting in 1978 , the MAG provided both fixed and rotary wing squadrons for six - month unit deployments to the Western Pacific . From 1 October 1986 to 30 September 1994 , MAG - 24 served as the Aviation Combat Element for the 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade . From August to December 1990 , squadrons and personnel from MAG - 24 deployed to Southwest Asia to support Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm . The last MAG - 24 squadrons to return participated in Operation Sea Angel , the Bangladesh relief operation . During recent years all three tactical squadrons have deployed to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni , Japan as part of the Unit Deployment Program ( UDP ) program and have provided aircraft to the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit . The three squadrons have traveled the Pacific participating in exercises in Japan , Korea , and Thailand . In September 2004 a small detachment of CH - 53Ds from HMH - 463 joined HMM - 265 as the Heavy lift portion of the 31st MEU Aviation Combat Element . This MEU detachment became the first CH - 53Ds to participate in combat operations since Desert Storm , operating out of Al Asad Airbase , Al Anbar Province , Iraq . In early 2006 , HMH - 362 supported a Presidential visit to India by providing 5 aircraft to support the mission . Currently HMH - 362 is operating in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom .
SM UC - 94 SM " UC - 94 " was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 19 February 1918 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 31 August 1918 as SM " UC - 94 " . As with the rest of the completed UC III boats , " UC - 94 " conducted no war patrols and sank no ships . She was surrendered on 26 November 1918 and broken up in Taranto in April 1919 .
Battle of Saint Kitts The Battle of Saint Kitts , also known as the Battle of Frigate Bay , was a naval battle that took place on 25 and 26 January 1782 during the American Revolutionary War between a British fleet under Rear - Admiral Sir Samuel Hood and a larger French fleet under the Comte de Grasse . Background . When Hood returned to the West Indies in late 1781 after the Battle of the Chesapeake , he was for a time in independent command owing to Rodney ' s absence in England . The French Admiral , the Comte de Grasse , attacked the British islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis Hood hoping to salvage the situation made for St Kitts with reinforcements however he soon learned that he was facing a much superior force . De Grasse had landed 6 , 000 men on St Kitts and laid siege to the fortress on Brimstone Hill . Action . The British fleet on the 24th January consisting of twenty - two sail of the line , was close off the south - east end of Nevis . It soon ran into and captured the French 16 - gun cutter " Espion " carrying a large amount of ammunition for the use of the besieging French forces at Brimstone Hill . At daybreak on the 25th , the French fleet was discovered standing to the southward of Basseterre , comprising one ship of 110 guns , twenty - eight two - decked ships , and two frigates . Hood stood towards the French fleet , with the apparent intention of bringing on action , which had the effect of drawing the French fleet off the land . This was achieved but no sooner had Hood effected this he was aided by a favourable change in the wind , and took his fleet within the anchorage of Basseterre or Frigate Bay , which the French admiral had quitted . Hood ordered his fleet in an L formation and once this had been achieved he then ordered his fleet to lay anchor . Comte de Grasse , in frustration made three distinct and vigorous attacks upon the British fleet on the 26th but was successively repulsed with great damage to his ships . Aftermath . Losses on both sides were light but the French fleet had suffered considerable damage . Hood managed to stay in the position for another two weeks without further incident . Despite outmanoeuvring De Grasse , Hood was unable to save the island from surrendering to the French , due in part to the French siege of Brimstone Hill , a fortress on the island . This happened on 12 February and Hood left on the 14th . Hood then joined forces with the recently arrived Admiral George Rodney .