naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alois Vašátko Alois Vašátko DSO DFC ( 25 August 1908 , Čelákovice , Czechoslovakia – 23 June 1942 ) was a Czech fighter pilot . Together with Josef František and Karel Kuttelwascher Vašátko is one of the most successful Czech fighter pilots . Vašátko was born in Čelákovice on 25 August 1908 . After graduating from a teachers ' institute , he became a teacher in Litoměřice . A couple of months later he was drafted into the army . He finished his military service in 1929 and started studies at several army institutes . During 1937 he attended pilot training in Olomouc , and by September 1938 he was commanding officer of " Letka C . 14 " , equipped with the Letov Š - 328 biplane . Following the first dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the annexation of Bohemia and Moravia by Nazi Germany , he fled the country . He travelled to France via Poland and after re - training at a fighter school at Chartres he joined " Groupe de Chasse " I / 5 . Flying a Curtiss 75 , he shot down 3 aircraft solo , shared in 9 group kills and shared in two ' probables ' . He became the most successful Czechoslovak fighter pilot in the Battle of France . After the retreat from France Vašátko took part in the Battle of Britain . As an RAF Pilot Officer he joined No . 312 ( Czechoslovak ) Squadron and , together with S / L Denys Gillam and Sgt . Josef Stehlík , scored its first victory , when they downed a Junkers Ju 88 of " Kampfgruppe 806 " above Liverpool on 8 October 1940 . On 5 June 1941 he was promoted to Squadron Leader and on 30 May 1942 he became Wing Commander of the newly created Czechoslovak Fighter Wing . He was killed in action on 23 June 1942 , when he crashed into the sea after a dogfight with Focke - Wulf Fw 190 s , colliding with the aircraft of " Unteroffizier " Wilhelm Reuschling from 7 " staffel " , Jagdgeschwader 2 . Vašátko ' s full wartime record was 4 solo and 10 shared aircraft destroyed , 2 ( and 2 shared ) probables , and 1 damaged . He had been awarded many Czechoslovak and Allied orders and medals , including French Legion d ’ honneur – Chevalier , Croix de Guerre with seven palms , two golden stars and one silver star and the British Distinguished Flying Cross ( D . F . C . ) , which he received on the day of his death . He married Junette Ferdinando .
Baltimore National Cemetery Baltimore National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located along Maryland Route 144 on both sides of the boundary between the neighborhoods of Beechfield in Baltimore City and Catonsville in Baltimore County . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , had 44 , 268 interments . A kiosk located on the side of the cemetery ' s administration building lists the names of veterans and dependents buried in this and two other cemeteries : Annapolis National Cemetery and Loudon Park National Cemetery . The kiosk also provides map locations for each grave . History . The area of the Baltimore National Cemetery was once part of an elevated site in Baltimore , referred to as early as 1750 as the Cloud Capped estate . It was originally owned by the Baltimore Company and Charles Carroll of Carrollton . In 1890 it was acquired by Blanchard and Susan Randall . When the nearby Loudon Park National Cemetery was deemed full , the War Department surveyed the area for a new site . In 1936 the federal government took possession of the land for a cost of $ 95 , 000 , and began converting the estate to " Little Arlington " . The old mansion was demolished , fences were put up , roads were constructed , and landscaping was done as part of a Works Progress Administration to invest in infrastructure during the Great Depression . The first interment took place on December 18 , 1936 , but the cemetery was not formally dedicated until May 30 , 1941 . Notable monuments . The memorial area of the cemetery has monuments representing each of the six United States Marine Corps divisions from World War II .
List of national defense industries The following is a list of nations and organizations that currently produce modern weapons around the world . This list is in alphabetical order . Nations that do not have an arms industry or produce weapons are omitted . Smaller defense industries . Cuba Venezuela
Small arms Small arms is a term used by military armed forces of the world to denote infantry weapons an individual soldier may carry . The description is usually limited to revolver s , pistol s , carbine s , rifle s , shotguns , submachine gun s , assault rifle s , squad automatic weapon s , and general - purpose machine gun s . Also , grenade launchers and certain hand - held antitank weapon s may be considered small arms depending on the particular armed force . Small arms do not include infantry support weapon s or crew - served weapon s such as heavy machine gun s ( typically . 50 caliber or 12 . 7 mm ) or mortars . In the United States any modern firearm ( post 1898 ) that utilizes a projectile ( bullet ) greater than 1 / 2 inch in diameter is legally defined as a " destructive device , " while any firearm having a bore diameter of . 50 caliber or less is normally considered a " small arm . " The so - called " 1 / 2 inch rule " does not apply to shotguns , sporting cartridge big - bore rifles ( such as rifles chambered in . 600 Nitro Express ) , muzzleloading black - powder weapons , whether original antiques ( pre 1898 ) or modern replics , many of which have bore diameters larger than . 50 caliber . There is , however , a term which encompasses both , ( Small Arms and Light Weapons ) SALW , that is used by some organizations working to limit arms proliferation . For example , much of the United Nations action to tackle illegal arms proliferation is raised in the UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms .
Ladies ' Confederate Memorial The Ladies ' Confederate Memorial is an American Civil War monument erected in 1874 in Lexington Cemetery in Lexington , Kentucky . It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17 , 1997 , as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS . Unlike most Confederate monuments in Kentucky , it represents grief rather than Southern patriotism . The Ladies Memorial and Monument Association was founded by the wife of John C . Breckinridge on May 19 , 1869 , after she saw the unveiling of the Confederate Monument in Cynthiana , Kentucky . After six years of funding , the memorial was dedicated on May 26 , 1875 . The statue features a marble cross shaped as if made of logs . A broken sword and broken flagstaff are among the motifs , which include lilies , with rugged rocks being the motif for the limestone pedestal . It was designed by George W . Ranck ( 1841 – 1901 ) , a Lexington historian , and paid for by the Ladies Memorial and Monument Association of Lexington . The cross was made in Italy , with the pedestal supplied by Louisville ' s Muldoon Monument Company . It was called " probably the most perfect thing of its kind in the South " by " Frank Leslie ' s Illustrated Newspaper " . It is believed that the memorial might have been inspired by a poem written by Abram Joseph Ryan , a Confederate chaplain : " Take that banner down ! ' tis tattered ; < br > " Broken is its staff and shattered , < br > " And the valiant hosts are scattered < br > " Over whom it floated high . The Confederate Soldier Monument in Lexington is a few feet away , and was also part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS .
HMS Wintringham ( M2777 ) HMS " Wintringham " ( M2777 / IMS77 ) was a for the Royal Navy . Their names were all chosen from villages ending in " - ham " . The minesweeper was named after Wintringham . She remained in operational reserve in a land cradle at Rosneath on the Clyde until 1963 . She was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy on 9 June 1966 , arriving in Sydney as deck cargo on the merchant ship " Gladstone Star " on 29 July 1968 . She was converted into a diving tender by Halvorsens , renamed HMAS " Seal " ( DTV1001 / Y298 ) and entered service in December 1968 . " Seal " was decommissioned in 1988 , sold into civilian service on 29 November 1989 , and converted into the corporate luxury yacht TSMV " Seal " . Seal ran aground 2003 .
Arthur Erskine Colonel Sir Arthur Edward Erskine GCVO , DSO ( 1 September 1881 – 24 July 1963 ) , was a British soldier and courtier . He was Crown Equerry in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom from 1924 to 1941 . Background and education . A member of Clan Erskine , Erskine was the fifth son of Sir David Erskine , Serjeant - at - Arms of the House of Commons , by Lady Horatia Elizabeth , daughter of Francis Seymour , 5th Marquess of Hertford . He was a descendant of the noted 18th century jurist John Erskine of Carnock and the nephew of Sir James Erskine . He was educated at Charterhouse and at the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich . Career . Erskine fought in the First World War , where he was mentioned in despatches and awarded the DSO in 1916 . He served in the Royal Artillery until 1924 , when he became Crown Equerry in the Royal Household of the Sovereign . From 1919 to 1924 he was an Equerry to the King . From his retirement in 1941 until his death he was an Extra Equerry . From 1939 to 1963 he was Secretary and Registrar of the Order of Merit , and from 1941 to 1946 Secretary of the Ascot Authority . He was made a CVO in 1926 . He was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in 1931 and promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ( GCVO ) in 1935 . Family . Erskine married Rosemary Freda , daughter of Brigadier - General Edward William David Baird , in 1921 . They had three sons , of whom the youngest was the polar explorer Angus Erskine . The oldest son , Donald Seymour Erskine married Catherine Annandale McLelland in 1953 and together they have five children , four daughters and a son . Their son , Major James Malcolm Kenneth Erskine MBE , attended Wellington College , Berkshire and then became an officer in the Black Watch ( Royal Highlander Regiment ) . He married Jennifer Elspeth MacLellan in 1987 and together they have two sons , Harry Charles David Erskine and Geordie James Donald Erskine . Both were educated at Glenalmond College , Perthsire , and Newcastle University . Erskine died in July 1963 , aged 81 . Lady Erskine died in January 1970 .
Cavalier ( fortification ) The term Cavalier has been adopted from the French as a term in fortification for a work of great height constructed in the interior of a fort , bastion or other defence , so as to fire over the main parapet without interfering with the fire of the latter . A greater volume of fire can thus be obtained , but the great height of the cavalier makes it an easy target for a besieger ' s guns .
USS LST - 826 USS " LST - 826 " was an in the United States Navy . Like many of her class , she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation . " LST - 826 " was laid down on 6 October 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co . ; launched on 14 November 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . W . E . Haynie ; and commissioned on 7 December 1944 , Lt . John G . Mahler , USNR , in command . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 826 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in May and June 1945 . Following the war , she performed occupation duty in the Far East until early December 1945 . " LST - 826 " was one of several ships grounded at Okinawa as a result of Typhoon " Louise " on 9 October 1945 . In November 1945 the CNO directed that the hulk be sunk or destroyed , but this was not done and she became one of around 15 wrecks that were finally sold in two batches in May and November 1947 by the State Department ' s Foreign Liquidations Commission . " LST - 826 " and , along with , three floating docks and some smaller craft , were included in the May batch , and were sold to the Oklahoma - Philippines Co . for scrapping . " LST - 826 " earned one battle star for World War II service .
HMS Gleaner ( H86 ) HMSML " Gleaner " ( H86 ) is the smallest commissioned vessel in the Royal Navy with a length of just under 15 metres and a ship ' s company of just 8 ( 2 officers and 6 ratings ) . She is currently based in Devonport , Plymouth . The ship prefix " HMSML " stands for Her Majesty ' s Survey Motor Launch . She is the sixth ship to bear the name " Gleaner " and was commissioned on 5 December 1983 . With a top speed of , " Gleaner " was designed to conduct inshore surveys along the south coast of England , though she has since surveyed all around the coastline of Great Britain and visited various ports in Europe . As an advanced survey vessel , " Gleaner " possesses an array of sophisicated technology , including multibeam and sidescan SONAR to collect bathymetry and seabed texture data and compile an accurate and detailed picture of the seabed for later analysis . Her survey equipment also includes an Applanix POS MV system for georeferencing and motion compensation , C - NAV GPS , Kongsberg EM3002 Multibeam Echo Sounder and Kongsberg EA400 Singlebeam Echo Sounder . " Gleaner " also has the unique distinction of being the only Royal Navy ship to have visited landlocked Switzerland , having travelled up the Rhine to Basle in 1988 . She was also in attendance at the 2010 Portsmouth Navy Days .
Malmen Airbase Malmen Airbase ( ) is a military airbase located in Malmslätt , Linköping Municipality , Östergötland County , Sweden . It is located west of Linköping . The base was opened by Carl Cederström in 1912 . In the beginning the airbase had only three aircraft but more were bought in the same year . From 1926 to 1974 it served as an air force base for F 3 Malmslätt . In 1974 the Wing was decommissioned , and the airbase was put under F 13 Norrköping then later F 16 Uppsala . From 1998 its serves as main base for the Swedish armed forces helicopter units , with Helikopterflottiljen . From 2003 the Royal Swedish Airschool has been located here , to train pilots with Sk 60 jet trainers . Also the Swedish Air Force Museum is located to the airbase . Facilities . The airfield resides at an elevation of above mean sea level . It has two asphalt paved runways : 01 / 19 is and 08 / 26 is .
Major ( United States ) In the United States Army , Air Force , and Marine Corps , major is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant commander in the other uniformed services . The pay grade for the rank of major is O - 4 . The insignia for the rank consists of a golden oak leaf , with slight stylized differences between the Army / Air Force version and the Marine Corps version . Army . A major in the U . S . Army typically serves as a battalion executive officer or as the battalion operations officer ( S - 3 ) . A major can also serve as a primary staff officer for a brigade or task force in the areas concerning personnel , logistical and operations . In addition , majors command augmented companies in Combat Service and Service Support units . U . S . Army majors also command Special Operations companies , such as U . S . Army Special Forces companies , Civil Affairs companies , Psychological Operations companies , as well as certain types of separate , numbered vice lettered , Military Intelligence companies . Virtually all majors in the United States Army attend the 10 - month Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth , with a smaller number attending satellite schools administered by Fort Leavenworth at Fort Belvoir , Fort Lee , Virginia and Fort Gordon . Nine hundred and sixty graduated the Leavenworth course in 2009 ( the largest class in Army history ) . American Civil War . During the American Civil War the Union Army continued to use the existing titles of rank and rank insignia established for the US Army . After the Southern states seceded and became the Confederate States of America , the Confederate Army retained the same titles of rank as its Union counterpart , but developed a new system of rank identification and insignia for its officers . While Union officers continued to wear their rank insignia on their shoulder straps , Confederate officers wore their rank insignia on the collar ( one , two , or three horizontal gold bars for lieutenants and captains ; one , two , or three gold stars for field grade officers ; and three gold stars surrounded by a wreath for all general officers ) , as well as rows of gold lace forming an Austrian knot pattern on each sleeve . The number of rows of gold lace increased with the rank of the officer . Air Force . A major in the Air Force typically has duties as a senior staff officer at the squadron level . In flying squadrons majors are generally flight commanders or assistant directors of operations . In the mission support and maintenance groups majors may occasionally be squadron commanders . In the medical corps , a major may be the head of a clinic or flight . Police officer . The rank is also used in some police departments .
USS Favorite ( SP - 1385 ) USS " Favorite " ( SP - 1385 / ID - 1385 / IX - 45 ) was a large 1223 gross ton tugboat ( later converted into a seagoing tug ) acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War I . She performed a variety of work for the Navy , including icebreaking , salvage , wrecking , and tugboat services . She was loaned to Panamanian authorities after World War I , but was returned to the U . S . Navy to do her part in the Panama Canal area during World War II as the " IX - 45 " . A tugboat built in Buffalo . " Favorite " ( No . 1385 ) , a tug , was completed at Buffalo , New York , in 1907 ; purchased by the Navy on 23 January 1918 and commissioned on 1 February as USS " Favorite " ( ID # 1385 ) , Ensign W . F . Lakeman , USNRF , in command . World War I service . The ship performed icebreaker duty off the coast of Maine until March , when she was refitted for overseas service as a salvage and wrecking ship . The " Favorite " arrived at Brest , France , in August 1918 and was used to search for sunken ships and lost material , as well as to salvage and assist grounded ships including the USS " Narragansett " which went aground on January 31 , 1919 off the Isle of Wight . The " Favorite " ' s commanding officer , Lieutenant Nathan E . Cook received a letter of commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for the salvage of the " Narragansett " . The " Favorite " continued to conduct salvage operations at Brest and also in England until departing for the United States in June 1919 . The ship was decommissioned at New York City in April 1920 , converted to a seagoing tug , and turned over to the Department of Interior on 3 April 1920 , and on 1 July 1931 was loaned to Panama . Post - war status . Although no longer serving in the Navy , " Favorite " remained Navy property and continued to be listed in Navy publications as an Unclassified District Craft . She was assigned the file symbol YX - 10 in the Navy Filing Manual , although this , along with the manual ' s IX symbol for larger unclassified vessels , was used solely for filing paperwork and not as a designator for the ship . In early 1941 the YX and IX file symbols were consolidated and " Favorite " became IX - 45 , and at the same time the IX symbols were added to the Naval Vessel Register as designators for the ships . World War II service . In the meantime , " Favorite " resumed her Navy service when she was reacquired by the 15th Naval District on 24 October 1940 and was reclassified " IX - 45 " on 8 March 1941 . She continued to operate in the Panama Canal and was once again assigned to the Panama Canal Mechanical Division on 1 November 1943 . Final disposition . The ship was returned to Navy custody for the last time on 13 January 1948 , stricken from the Navy List 19 February 1948 , and sold by the State Department ' s Foreign Liquidation Commission in March 1948 . She became the Peruvian Navy ' s submarine salvage ship " Guardian Rios " , later " Rios " , and was operated by the Callao Port Authority . Rios was removed from the Peruvian Navy List in July 1958 .
Peter Leitch ( soldier ) Peter Leitch VC ( August 1820 – 6 December 1892 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Leitch was about 35 years old , and a colour - sergeant in the Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 18 June 1855 at Sebastopol , Crimea , Colour - Sergeant Leitch , after approaching the Redan with the leading ladders , formed a caponniere across the ditch as well as a ramp by fearlessly tearing down gabion s from the parapet and placing and filling them until he was disabled from wounds . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum in Chatham , Kent .
RFA Surf Patrol ( A357 ) RFA " Surf Patrol " ( A357 ) was a Surf - class freighting tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . She and her sister RFA " Surf Pioneer " were originally ordered by Polish owners but were commandeered by the Admiralty whilst under construction during the Korean War . " Surf Patrol " was at the time being built as the " Tatry " for the Polish Government . " Surf Patrol " was decommissioned on 11 May 1961 and laid up at Devonport . She was sold back into commercial service in December 1969 and was renamed " Marisurf " for D . J . Chandris .
Nicolai Clausen Asmus Nicolai Clausen ( 2 June 1911 – 16 May 1943 ) was a German U - boat commander of the Second World War . He is credited with sinking 23 ships for a total of of Allied shipping . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Clausen and " U - 182 " were lost with all hands , sunk on 16 May 1943 by the American destroyers USS " MacKenzie " and USS Lamb . Summary of career . Ships attacked . As a U - boat commander of , and Nicolai Clausen is credited with the sinking of 23 ships for a total of and sinking one French submarine , the Sfax ( Q 182 ) , of .
SM UB - 28 SM " UB - 28 " was a German Type UB II submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 30 April 1915 and launched on 20 December 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 27 December 1915 as SM " UB - 28 " . " UB - 28 " was surrendered to Britain in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany on 24 November 1918 . She was ultimately broken up at Bo ' ness in 1919 - 20 .
Forty - First Army ( Japan ) The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final days of World War II . History . As part of the final defenses of the Philippines against invasion and re - occupation by Allied forces in the closing stages of World War II , Imperial General Headquarters issued orders for the strategic island of Luzon to be divided into three defense sectors for defense in depth under the overall command of the Japanese Fourteenth Area Army . From December 17 , 1944 , Lieutenant General Shizuo Yokoyama and his “ Shimbu Group ” , an independent detachment , were made wholly responsible for the defense of southern Luzon , from Manila southwards . The Shimbu Group was officially re - designated the Japanese 41st Army on March 6 , 1945 . Yokoyama commanded Japanese forces defending Manila against the U . S . Sixth and Eighth Armies together with the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary including the recognized guerrilla groups . Following the Battle of Manila , Yokohama withdraw his surviving forces into the mountains of southern Luzon for a protracted ongoing Philippine Commonwealth military and guerrilla campaign , continuing to harass Allied forces until the surrender of Japan , by which time his army had been reduced to just 6500 men .