naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Shepeleviche The Battle of Shepeleviche ( Szepielewicze ) or Battle of Ciecierzyn on 24 August 1654 was one of the first battles of the Russo - Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ) . It ended with a Russian victory . Battle . A small Polish – Lithuanian force of about 5 , 000 under Great Lithuanian Hetman Janusz Radziwiłł stopped the Russian force under knyaz Yakov Cherkassky at Shklow and camped at Hołowczyn . He learned that a Russian force under knyaz Aleksey Trubetskoy crossed Drut River near Ciecierzyn on 23 August . Radziwiłl was joined by the Field Lithuanian Hetman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski with 3 , 000 strong forces , increasing the Polish – Lithuanian army to about 6 , 000 – 8 , 000 . Radziwiłł and Gosiewski then tried to stop a numerically superior Russian force of 15 , 000 near Shepelevichy ( Szepielewicze ) . Trubetskoy forces also included Cherkassky ' s . He took positions near Bialynichy ( Białynicze ) . This time the even larger Russian army managed to outflank him , with Russian infantry holding Shepelevichy and cavalry attacking from the rear . Radziwiłł ordered a retreat , on the 24 ( or 25 ) August the retreating Polish army was defeated and its artillery was captured by the Russians . Aftermath . Radziwiłł with a remainder of his forces retreated to Minsk . His defeat meant that Russians faced no opposition in Lithuania , and they were able to take Polotsk , Vitebsk and Mogilev , advancing to the Berezina River . Russian forces were able to advance and take Smolensk ( see Siege of Smolensk ( 1654 ) ) as well as Orsha which they held till 1661 .
Lauri Sutela General Lauri Johannes Sutela ( 11 October 1918 – 8 November 2011 ) was a Finnish military officer . He served as an officer in the engineer corps during World War II . Sutela worked his way up the Finnish Army and finally as the Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces from 15 April 1974 until 11 October 1983 . Death . Sutela died in Helsinki , Finland on November 8 , 2011 at the age of 93 .
Anti - Fascist Military Organisation Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa ( Polish for " Anti - Fascist Military Organisation " ) was an underground organization formed in 1942 in the Ghetto in Białystok by former officers of the Polish Land Forces . It took part in the Białystok Ghetto Uprising . Its tasks included organisation of escape routes for the people incarcerated in the Ghetto as well as gathering arms and equipment for the future fight against the Germans . Since February 1943 it carried over many attacks on German authorities and armed forces operating in the Ghetto . On August 15 , 1943 , the AOB members started an ill - fated struggle against the liquidation of the Ghetto , which is known as the Białystok Ghetto Uprising .
Battle of Catirai Battle of Catirai on January 7 , 1569 between the Mapuche army of Toqui Llanganabal and the Spanish army led by Martín Ruiz de Gamboa that resulted in a Mapuche victory . History . In 1569 . Llanganabal had risen to command the Moluche army with Millalelmo and other captains as his subordinates . To resist the Spanish army under Governor Melchor Bravo de Saravia that had been burning the fields and ruca s on the south bank of the Bio Bio River , in the aillarehue of Catirai across from Talcamávida . Llanganabal ' s deputy , Millalelmo had built a strong fortress on a hill in the area in a difficult position on steep wooded slopes . Despite the warnings of Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado who had reconoitered the position , Spaniards new to Chile and the Arauco War prevailed on Governor Saravia to order Martín Ruiz de Gamboa to take his command and attack the place . Meanwhile Llanganabal had gathered all his army there at their fortress to resist the attack . Gamboa ' s force was badly defeated while attempting to attack up the steep thickly wooded hill into Llanganabal ' s fortified position .
USS Somerfield ( 1861 ) USS " Somerfield " ( 1861 ) was a Chesapeake Bay schooner purchased by the Union Navy at Baltimore , Maryland , on 13 August 1861 for the purpose of obstructing the North Carolina sounds . Destined for the " stone fleet " . Manned by her merchant crew of three sailors , Capt . North , master , and heavily laden with stone , the schooner sailed to Hampton Roads , Virginia , and proceeded on to Hatteras Inlet , North Carolina . On 11 October , she was one of five schooners there in " pretty good condition . " Four of these vessels – not identified – were being used as ships for the " stone fleet " of sunken obstructions in harbors and other waterways of the Confederate States of America . On 14 November 1861 , three of these schooners – again unidentified – were sunk in the channel of Ocracoke Inlet , and she may have been one of them .
Elfriede Rinkel Elfriede Lina Rinkel ( née Huth , born July 14 , 1922 , Leipzig , Germany ) was a guard at the Ravensbrück concentration camp from June 1944 until April 1945 handling an SS - trained guard dog . She claims that she did not use her dog as a weapon against prisoners , and that she did not join the Nazi party . However , other information contradicts this : " One prisoner reported that women were even worse than men in commanding their dogs to brutally attack inmates . " She left Germany for the United States and was admitted as an immigrant on or around September 21 , 1959 in San Francisco , California . At a German - American club in San Francisco she met Fred William Rinkel and they married about 1962 . He died in 2004 . Rinkel stated she never told her husband of her past . On September 1 , 2006 , Elfriede Rinkel was deported to Germany under a settlement agreement signed in June 2006 after being charged by a federal law requiring removal of aliens who took part in acts of Nazi - sponsored persecution filed by the Justice Department ' s Office of Special Investigations ( OSI ) and the United States Department of Homeland Security ' s Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( ICE ) .
Nimr al - Khatib Muhammad Nimr al - Khatib ( 1918 – 15 November 2010 ) was a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood and a pro - Husayni head of the Arab Higher Committee in Haifa during the 1947 – 1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine . He founded an Islamic society called " Jam ‘ iyyat al - I ‘ tisam " in 1941 . Khatib ' s family held the mufti - ship of Haifa during Ottoman rule . Khatib was targeted for assassination by the Haganah , as part of Operation Zarzir , on 19 February 1948 . Two Shahar agents fired 32 bullets at a taxi in which he was traveling north of Haifa on a return journey from Damascus . He was hit by one bullet in the lung and three in the left shoulder and remained outside of Palestine for the rest of the war . One passenger died and one other was wounded in the attack . Khatib was the author of a notable account of the 1948 War entitled " The Events of the Disaster " ( " Min Athar al - Nakba " ) .
Fokker V . 17 The Fokker V . 17 and its derivatives were a series of experimental monoplane Fighter aircraft produced by the Dutch aircraft company Fokker in the 1910s . V . 17 , was a shoulder cantilever - winged monoplane with plywood covering . 82 kW ( 110 hp ) Oberursel engine . V . 20 , was a cantilever mid - winged fighter with plywood covering and was powered by a 119 kW ( 160 hp ) Mercedes D IIIa engine . It was similar to the V . 17 . V . 21 was much like the V . 20 except the wings were tapered . V . 23 was related to the V . 20 and V . 21 . It was evaluated by the German Army and rejected due to poor forward visibility ( presumably on landing ) . The V . 23 was powered by a 119 kW ( 160 hp ) Mercedes III engine , was 5 . 8 m ( 19 ft ) long , had a wingspan of 8 . 73 m ( 28 . 64 ft ) , a height of 2 . 65 m ( 8 . 69 ft ) . The wing area was 11 . 12 m² ( 119 . 69 ft² ) , the empty weight was 673 kg ( 1 , 484 lb ) , maximum weight 853 kg ( 1 , 881 lb ) . The maximum speed of the V . 23 was 200 km / h ( 124 mph ) . Armament was two 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) machine guns . V . 25 was plywood - covered , with a low cantilever wing . It powered by an Oberursel Ur . II of 82 kW ( 110 hp ) . The aircraft was underpowered . V . 25 was 5 . 93 m ( 18 . 46 ft ) long , had a wing span of 8 . 73 m ( 28 . 64 ft ) and was 2 . 63 m ( 8 . 63 ft ) high . Its wing area was 11 . 12 m² ( 119 . 69 ft² ) , empty weight was 383 kg ( 844 lb ) , and had a maximum weight of 584 kg ( 1 , 287 lb ) .
USS Pilgrim ( SP - 1204 ) The third USS " Pilgrim " ( SP - 1204 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . Construction and early career . " Pilgrim " was built as a private , steel - hulled sailing yacht of the same name in 1893 by the Pusey and Jones Shipbuilding Company at Wilmington , Delaware , for a racing syndicate in Boston , Massachusetts , which intended to use her in competition for America ' s Cup ; she had of sail . During a series of races off Sandy Hook , New Jersey , against three other yachts in September 1893 , she proved to be fast but too poor at minding her helm to race competitively , and another yacht was selected to represent the United States in defense of Americas Cup . In 1894 , the syndicate sold her to Lamont G . Burnham , Esq . , of Boston , who had her converted to steam propulsion ; she served as his private yacht . By 1907 , " Pilgrim " was the property of the Boston Floating Hospital . In 1908 and 1909 she served as the private yacht of Wendell H . Wyman of Boston ; in 1910 and 1911 she operated as a fishing vessel , with her home port at Boston . In 1913 she was sold to Hugh C . Jones of Beaufort , North Carolina ; converted to gasoline engine propulsion that year , she operated as a fishing vessel . The Beaufort Fish Scrap and Oil Company of New Bern , North Carolina , purchased her in 1916 . United States Navy service . On 30 June 1917 or in July 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her under a free lease from Beaufort Fish Scrap and Oil for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned on 18 July 1917 as USS " Pilgrim " ( SP - 1204 ) . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Pilgrim " patrolled the North Carolina coast for the rest of World War I , operating in Pamlico Sound and Onslow Bay as far south as the New River . " Pilgrim " was decommissioned on 7 January 1919 and returned to Beaufort Fish Oil and Scrap the same day . Later career . Beaufort Fish Scrap and Oil operated " Pilgrim " until 1927 , when she was sold to the Newport Fisheries Company of Beaufort . F . S . Dickinson of Rutherford , New Jersey , purchased her in 1934 , but her home port remained Beaufort . At times during the 1920s and 1930s , " Pilgrim " operated out of Mayport , Florida , while fishing . Abandoned in 1935 , " Pilgrim " was towed to Harkers Point at Harkers Island , North Carolina , for use as a breakwater . Her hull was filled with concrete to keep her from moving . The remains of " Pilgrim " s hull remain visible at Harkers Point .
Cherat Cherat is a hill station , immediately above the villages of Chapri , Saleh Khana and Dak Ismail Khel ( a . k . a Bara Daag in Pashto language ) in the Nowshera District of Khyber - Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan . Cherat lies 34 miles south east from the city of Peshawar at an elevation of 4 , 500 feet on the west of the Khattak range , which divides the district of Nowshera from Kohat . History . During British rule Cherat was important as a hill cantonment and sanitarium for British troops in what was then the Nowshera Tehsil of the Peshawar District of British India . Cherat was first used as a sanitarium for troops in 1861 and was used during the hot weather as a health station for the British troops who were quartered in the hot and malarious valley of Peshawar . It was declared a cantonment in 1886 . The cantonment commands a view of the whole of the Peshawar valley on one side , and on the other of a portion of the Khwarra valley in Peshawar District , and of Kohat District as far as the Indus . A hospital , a church , and a few bungalows were built by the British authorities . The station , which has a good water supply , was throughout the summer the headquarters of the Peshawar Division command , and of one of the two British regiments stationed at Peshawar - a detachment of the other British regiment was also sent here . There were 376 inhabitants according to the March 1901 Census , but in the hot season the garrison sometimes numbered 1 , 000 men . Military . The fort is used as a base by the Special Service Group and is used for training of the army . As part of joint military events with several nations , Cherat has also hosted an Improving Command Course in 2010 .
Inspector of the Army The Inspector of the Army ( or " InspH " ) is the senior serving officer in the German Army of the modern day German Armed Forces or " Bundeswehr " . He is responsible for the readiness of personnel and materiel in the German Army , in that regard he reports directly to the Federal Minister of Defence . The Inspector commands the General Staff within the Federal Ministry of Defence as well as the Army Command with its subordinate divisions ( and division equivalents ) and the Army Office with its subordinate training and support establishments . He sits under the General Inspector of the Bundeswehr and is a member of the Defence Council for Bundeswehr - wide matters . The Inspector and his deputy both hold the rank of lieutenant general ( " Generalleutnant " ) .
5th Rifle Division ( Soviet Union ) The 5th Rifle Division of the Soviet Red Army was initially formed in September 1918 as the 2nd Penza Infantry Division . It was later renamed as the 5th Rifle Division ( October 1918 ) , Saratov ( 1920 ) , Vitebsk ( 1921 ) , and ' in the name of the Czechoslovak Proletariat ' ( 1925 ) . For successful operations during the Russian Civil War it was awarded the Honourable Revolutionary Red Banner in 1929 . In August 1939 it was deployed to the Belorussian Special Military District . On September 17 , 1939 the Division was assigned to the 4th Rifle Corps , Third Army of the Belorussian Front . On October 2 , 1939 the Division was reassigned to the 10th Rifle Corps , Third Army of the Belorussian Front . In September – October 1939 it took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland . From October 1939 it was deployed in Lithuania according to the Soviet – Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty . Since July 1940 it was stationed in the Baltic Military District . During the Second World War , the Division was part of the Eleventh Army ( where it was part of 16th Rifle Corps at the outbreak of the war ) , 27th Army , Soviet First Guards Army and 65th Army . As of October 1 , 1941 the Division was a part of the 31st Army of the Soviet Reserve Front . The Division participated in defensive fights on as part of the Soviet Western Front , in Moscow and at the Battle of Stalingrad , in fights for Donbass and clearing of Left - bank Ukraine , in Гомельско - Речицкой , Belarus , Млавско - Эльбингской , East Pomerania and the Berlin offensive operation s . For its service in battle the Division became the 44th Guards Rifle Division on October 5 , 1942 . It was later awarded the honourable name " Baranovichskaya " ( " Барановичская " ; on July 27 , 1944 ) , the Order of Lenin and Order of Suvorov , 2nd degree . Twelve thousand of its soldiers were awarded awards and medals and 22 were named Heroes of the Soviet Union . Force Composition , October 1939
Mountain Combat Boot Mountain Combat Boots ( MCB ) are durable , hiking - style combat boot used by the likes of Mountain troops . The boot is designed for rugged terrain and has the ankle stability , support and mobility required in a mountainous environment . Users . Argentina . Arrgentine soldiers have worn " Alta Montana " type mountain combat boots during the Falklands war made by El Resero . France . The Chasseurs Alpines wear mountain combat boots on parade . Germany . The Gebirgsjager wear mountain combat boots as well as on parade . United States . Mountain Combat Boots are issued to troops deploying to Afghanistan as part of the Rapid Fielding Initiative process . Sources . " This article incorporates work from , which is in the public domain as it is a work of the United States Military . "
18th Division ( South Vietnam ) The 18th Division was an infantry division in the III Corps of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam ( ARVN ) . The U . S . Military Assistance Command Vietnam considered the 18th as un discipline d and was well known throughout the ARVN for its " cowboy " reputation . In 1975 the 18th was made famous as the only ARVN division that stood fast and refused to surrender before Saigon fell . History . During the last major battle of the Vietnam War , the vastly outnumbered 18th Division stood and fought at Xuan Loc , 38 miles north of Saigon . This battle is considered the epic last stand of ARVN forces , where the 18th earned the name " The Supermen " . It was commanded by General Le Minh Dao , a smart , conservative and emotional commander . The 18th made a defiant apocalyptic last stand against communist forces in Xuan Loc , a city strategically important for intersecting five main routes . The fierce fighting raged for two weeks . The 18th Division , outnumbered 7 : 1 by the People ' s Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) forces , destroyed all but three PAVN divisions before finally being overwhelmed by superior numbers . The division was forced to evacuate from the city on April 21 , 1975 , nine days before the fall of Saigon . Upon learning the 18th had lost " Xuan Loc " that afternoon at 3 : 00pm President Nguyen Van Thieu made a tearful televised speech that was broadcast around the world in which he blamed the United States for abandoning South Vietnam ; he closed the speech by resigning the presidency . The 18th was finally destroyed while defending Bien Hoa Air Base . South Vietnam surrendered on the afternoon of 30 April 1975 .
Curtiss - Wright X - 19 The Curtiss - Wright X - 19 was an American experimental VTOL tiltrotor airplane of the early 1960s . Design and development . In March 1960 the Curtiss - Wright Corporation developed the X - 100 , a prototype for a new , vertical take - off transport aircraft . The X - 100 had a single turboshaft engine , which propelled two tilting - rotors , while at the tail swivelling nozzles used the engine ' s exhaust gases to give additional control in hovering or slow flight . From the X - 100 Curtiss - Wright developed the larger X - 200 , of which the United States Air Force ordered two prototypes designated the X - 19A . The X - 19 had high - mounted tandem wing s . Each wing mounted a propeller that could be rotated through 90 degrees allowing the aircraft to take off and land like a helicopter . The propellers were driven by twin Avco Lycoming T55 - L - 5 turboshaft engines mounted in the fuselage . Operational history . The first flight of the X - 19 took place in November 1963 ( other sources give 26 June 1964 ) . It was intended that the X - 19 would be developed into a VTOL transport aircraft . However the first X - 19 was destroyed in a crash on 25 August 1965 , and the program was subsequently cancelled . The second prototype is currently being stored in the restoration facilities at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton , Ohio .
5th Mahratta Light Infantry The 5th Mahratta Light Infantry was a regiment of the British Indian Army . It was formed in 1922 , when the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . The regiment fought in World War II and raised 30 battalions . After the war it was allocated to the Indian Army in 1947 , being renamed the Maratha Light Infantry .
Circa Reproductions Nieuport The Circa Reproductions Nieuports are a family of Canadian 7 / 8 scale World War I sesquiplane aircraft replicas designed by Graham Lee of Lamont , Alberta for amateur construction from plans sold by Lee ' s company Circa Reproductions . Leading Edge Air Foils of Peyton , Colorado at one time also made construction kits available . Lee ' s Nieuports were amongst the earliest First World War replicas available and paved the way for later companies to produce plans and kits for a great variety of warbird s . The aircraft ' s design was attributed to " the result of many years of affection for WWI type aircraft and a " too limited " flying budget . " Design and development . The Nieuport 11 was the first design in the family and is a 7 / 8 ( 87 % ) scale version of the original French Nieuport 11 " Bebe " fighter . The prototype , registered as a Canadian basic ultralight as C - IRCA , fist flew in July 1984 . The Nieuport 11 is constructed from 6061 - T6 aluminum tubing , supported with 2024 - T3 aluminum gussets , held together with blind rivet s . At one point welded steel tube fuselages were also available . The wings , tail and fuselage are then covered with doped aircraft fabric . Landing gear is conventional , with spoked mainwheels with bungee suspension . The original design calls for a tailskid , the same as the World War One original aircraft , but since the skid is impractical on hard surfaced runways , a tailwheel is optional . The engine cowling is a horseshoe shaped semi - circular design . Recommended engines for the aircraft include the Rotax 447 , the Rotax 503 , Volkswagen air cooled engine s and various Hirth engines . The designer estimated that the Nieuport 11 would take 400 hours to construct . The aircraft have been described as being " very easy to fly , even by novice pilots . " Operational history . The Nieuport 11 won " Grand Champion Light Plane " at Oshkosh in 1989 and the Nieuport 12 won " Reserve Grand Champion " at Oshkosh in 1990 .
Colt MARS The MARS ( Mini Assault Rifle System ) was an experimental , scaled - down variant of the M16 rifle tested by Colt as a personal defense weapon ( PDW ) in the 1990s . It was chambered for the experimental 5 . 56x30mm MARS cartridge . The 5 . 56x30mm cartridge fired a 55 grain projectile at . The rifle was patented in 1998 ( US patent no . 5 , 827 , 992 ) .
Wilhelm von Manz Wilhelm Ritter von Manz ( April 6 , 1804 – January 5 , 1867 ) was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria from April 13 , 1859 to June 12 , 1861 . Biography . Von Manz was born in Dillingen . After holding several officer positions in the Bavarian army , he became war minister in 1855 . Afterwards he served as commander in chief of the Munich garrison , where he died in 1867 . On June 15 , 1846 , he married Adelheid von Zedtwitz .
Juan López de Padilla Juan López de Padilla ( 1490 – April 24 , 1521 ) was an insurrection ary leader in the Castilian War of the Communities , where the people of Castile made a stand against policies of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his Flemish ministers . Padilla was born in Toledo , Spain , the eldest son of the " commendator " of Castile . In 1520 , after the Castilian deputies had demanded in vain Charles V ' s return to Castile , regard for " cortes " ' rights and the administration of their economy by Spaniards , a " holy junta " was formed with Padilla as its head . At first , the junta attempted to establish a national government in the name of Juana of Castile , but lost the support of the nobility when it abolished their privileges and asserted democracy . Though the nobles ' army subsequently captured Tordesillas , Padilla led the capture of Torrelobatón and other towns , but any advantage gained was neutralized by the junta after it granted an armistice . When hostilities resumed , their army was comprehensively defeated near Villalar , on April 23 , 1521 and Padilla taken prisoner . He was publicly beheaded the following day . Afterwards , Padilla ' s wife , Doña María Pacheco , bravely defended Toledo against the royal troops for six months , but ultimately was compelled to take refuge in Portugal .
Eberhard von Kurowski Eberhard von Kurowski ( 10 September 1895 – 11 September 1957 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Eberhard von Kurowski was captured by Soviet forces in July 1944 during the Vitebsk – Orsha Offensive . He was held until 1955 .