naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Nicolas - Louis d ' Assas Nicolas - Louis d ' Assas ( 1733 – 1760 ) , also known as Louis d ' Assas du Mercou and Chevalier d ' Assas , was a captain of the French Régiment d ' Auvergne , whose celebrity depends on a single act of defiance . He was born in Le Vigan , Languedoc , France . Having entered a wood to reconnoitre it the night before the battle of Kloster Kampen in 1760 , he was suddenly surrounded by the enemy English soldiers , and defied with bayonets at his breast to utter a cry of alarm ; " To me , Auvergne ! Here is the enemy ! " he exclaimed , and fell dead on the instant , pierced with bayonets , to the saving of his countrymen . Memory . The " rue d ' Assas " in the 6th " arrondissement " of Paris was named after him .
Alexander Zatonski Flying Officer Alexander Roman Zatonski ( 1 November 1915 – 6 December 1941 ) , was an American pilot who flew with the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain in World War II . He was one of 11 American pilots who flew with RAF Fighter Command between 10 July and 31 October 1940 , thereby qualifying for the Battle of Britain clasp to the 1939 – 45 campaign star . He was posted as missing on 6 December 1941 in north Africa . Biography . Zatonski was born in Philadelphia on 1 November 1915 , the only son of Joseph and Martha Zatonski ( who were recent Polish immigrants to America ) . The family finally settled in Brantford , Ontario in Canada in 1926 . Zatonski was in Britain just prior to the German invasion of Poland . He was trying to travel to Poland to join the Polish Air Force . He subsequently joined the RAF in September 1939 . Second World War . After training with No . 2 Flying Training School , Zatonski joined No . 79 Squadron at RAF Acklington on 13 July 1940 as a Pilot Officer . He was in combat in early August 1940 and was on operations against the ill - fated attack on the north - east of England by Luftflotte 5 on 15 August 1940 . On the 28 August 1940 , flying from RAF Biggin Hill , he was shot down over Hythe , Kent in his Hurricane P2718 , parachuting into the English Channel , badly burned and with a leg injury . He was treated for burns in hospital and then spent time in Torquay convalescing . Whilst in Torquay he married Mary Bunce . Zatonski rejoined his squadron on 4 December 1940 and flew with it for most of 1941 . In October 1941 he was posted to No . 238 Squadron in north Africa . Death . On his second flight on 6 December 1941 , Zatonski did not return from an engagement with Messerschmitt Bf 109 s of I and II / JG27 over the Cyrenaican border and was reported as ' Missing in action ' . No trace of his plane or body has ever been located and he is remembered on the Alamein Memorial .
Blago Zadro Blago Zadro ( 31 March 1944 – 16 October 1991 ) was a commander of the northern part of Croatian defense forces in Vukovar ( Croatia ) during the Croatian War of Independence . He was killed in an attack by Serb forces in the town of Borovo Naselje . Early life . Zadro was born in a small village Donji Mamići near Grude in Herzegovina , and his family moved to Borovo Naselje in 1954 where he finished school . He became active in politics during Croatia ' s first democratic elections in 1990 ; he founded branch of Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) for Municipality of Vukovar and became the vice president of the HDZ in Vukovar , and joined the defense corps when the war started . Battle of Vukovar . He commanded the 3rd Battallion of the 204th ( Vukovar ) Croatian Army Brigade during Battle of Vukovar , along with two of his sons , where he led actions against the JNA and local Serb forces . Zadro ' s unit was assigned to defend the vital Trpinjska cesta ( Trpinja road ) , an open road leading directly into Vukovar . Because of its importance , the road became primary target for JNA tank units attacking the city and it became known as the " Tank Graveyard " due to actions of Zadro ' s anti - tank rocket groups " Yellow Ants " and " Turbo platoon " which fought off many tank attacks , notably a single incident on 18 September when an entire battalion of about 60 tanks and armored personnel carrier s was ambushed and destroyed there . Zadro was killed by Serb forces on 16 October 1991 . His body was recovered and buried by his unit . When the Serb forces surrendered the city , his body was removed and remained missing until 1998 , when it was found along with the bodies of 937 other victims from a mass grave in Borovo Naselje . After his death , he was promoted to the rank of major general . President of Sabor Vladimir Šeks stated " without heroes like Blago Zadro , there would be no free Croatia " . A commemoration for him is held every year on the anniversary of his death in Vukovar , attended by many former comrades and political dignitaries . The main street in Borovo Naselje and a military school in Zagreb have been named after him . A street in Grude was named after him and in his birth village Donji Mamići was placed a monument in his tribute .
Lý Tòng Bá Lý Tòng Bá ( born 1931 ) is a former colonel of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam . He led operations including Operation Lam Son II . In the September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt as head of the 7th Division ' s armored section he supported General Dương Văn Đức ' s coup attempt .
Elmley Castle ( castle ) Elmley Castle , formerly located 1 km south of the village of Elmley Castle in Worcestershire , was a late 11th century earthwork and timber castle which received stone additions in the 12th and possibly 13th centuries . History . The ruins of this important Norman and medieval castle are located on the flanks of Bredon Hill , 1 km to the south of the village to which it gives its name . The castle is supposed to have been built for Robert Despenser , Steward to William the Conqueror in the years following the Norman Conquest . After his death ( post 1098 ) it descended to his heirs , the powerful Beauchamp family . It remained their chief seat until William de Beauchamp inherited the earldom and castle of Warwick from his maternal uncle , William Maudit , 8th Earl of Warwick , in 1268 . Thereafter , Elmley Castle remained a secondary possession of the Earls of Warwick until it was surrendered to the Crown in 1487 . In 1528 , the castle seems to have been still habitable , for Walter Walshe was then appointed constable and keeper . In 1544 , however , prior to its grant by the Crown to Sir William Herbert and Christopher Savage , a survey was made of the manor and castle of Elmley , and it was found that the castle was completely uncovered and in decay . John Leland writing at about this time says , " Ther stondithe now but one Tower , and that partly broken . As I went by I saw Carts carienge Stone thens to amend Persore ( Pershore ) Bridge about ii miles of . It is set on the Tope of a Hill full of Wood , and a Townelet hard by . " Only earthworks now remain , which are designated as a Scheduled Monument . A medieval deer park surrounding the castle still survives .
Battery " L " 1st Regiment Michigan Light Artillery The Battery " L " Michigan Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " L " was organized at Coldwater , Michigan and mustered into service on April 11 , 1863 . The battery was mustered out on August 22 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . Over its existence , the battery carried a total of 209 men on its muster rolls . The battery 1 enlistedman killed in action or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 27 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 29 fatalities .
USS A . Brook Taylor ( SP - 326 ) USS " A . Brook Taylor " ( SP - 326 ) was the planned designation for a fishing vessel the United States Navy considered for use as a minesweeper during World War I but never acquired . " A . Brook Taylor " was built as a wooden - hulled commercial fishing trawler in 1913 . She was the property of the Virginia Fishing Company of Ditchly , Virginia , in June 1917 when the U . S . Navy inspected her for possible naval service during World War I . She was found to be suitable for service as a minesweeper and , according to a Department of the Navy letter dated 16 November 1917 , was to be fitted out as such " preparatory to . . . [ being called ] into service in case of emergency . " The anticipated " emergency " undoubtedly referred to extensive mining of American waters . However , even though German submarines did lay some mines off the United States East Coast , the Navy never took over " A . Brook Taylor " , and she remained in commercial service .
Boeing - Stearman Model 75 The Stearman ( Boeing ) Model 75 is a biplane used as a military trainer aircraft , of which at least 8 , 584 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s . Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934 . Widely known as the Stearman , Boeing Stearman or Kaydet , it served as a primary trainer for the USAAF , the USN ( as the NS & N2S ) , and with the RCAF as the Kaydet throughout World War II . After the conflict was over , thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market . In the immediate postwar years they became popular as crop duster s , sports planes , and for aerobatic and wing walking use in airshows . Design and development . The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction with large , fixed tailwheel undercarriage , and accommodation for the student and instructor in open cockpits in tandem . The radial engine was usually uncowled , although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine , most notably the Red Baron Stearman Squadron . Operational history . Post - War usage . After World War II , the thousands of PT ( primary trainer ) - 17 Stearmans were auctioned off to civilians and former pilots . Many were modified for cropdusting use , with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit . Additional equipment included pumps , spray bars , and nozzles mounted below the lower wings . A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger Pratt & Whitney R - 985 engine and a constant speed propeller . Variants . The US Army Air Forces Kaydet had three different designations based on its power plant : The US Navy had several versions including : Survivors . A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world , as the type remains a popular sport plane and warbird .
Dimitrios Papanikolis Dimitrios Papanikolis ( ) ( 1790 – 1855 ) was a naval hero of the Greek Revolution , famous for being the first to successfully employ a fireship to destroy an Ottoman ship of the line . Life . Papanikolis was born on the island of Psara in 1790 . At an early age he joined his father , Georgios , in his trading travels , and participated in fights with the corsairs of the Barbary Coast . During the first months of the Greek War of Independence , the Greek naval vessels , mostly converted and armed merchantmen , were unable to confront the larger and better - armed Ottoman warships . The rebels therefore decided to use fireships . Papanikolis volunteered for the first attempt , which was carried out successfully on in the harbour of Eressos in Lesbos , where the fireship destroyed an Ottoman two - deck frigate which lay in anchor there . This led to the generalized use of fireships by the Greeks , who were thus able to even the balance with the far more powerful Ottoman Navy . Papanikolis remained active for the remainder of the war , distinguishing himself again in the Battle of Gerontas in August 1824 . In 1829 , after the war ' s end , he purchased a 1 / 3 share in the brig " Nelson " , and pursued trade with it until 1833 , when the ship was purchased and commissioned into the Royal Hellenic Navy , with Papanikolis as captain . In 1836 however the ship sank after ramming a reef off Zakynthos , and Papanikolis was placed in suspended service until 1841 , when he was given command of the corvette " Amalia " . In 1843 , after the 3 September 1843 Revolution , he was elected as a representative of Psara for the constituent assembly . In 1846 , he was placed as chairman of the naval court , retaining the post until his death in 1855 . Honours . In addition to several roads throughout Greece , three submarines of the Hellenic Navy have been named after him :
Hafiz Hakki Pasha Hafiz Hakki Pasha ( , 1879 ; Monastir ( Bitola ) - February 15 , 1915 ; Erzurum ) was a General of the Ottoman Empire military . Hafiz Hakki was a classmate of Enver Pasha , Mahmud Kâmil Pasha , and Fahreddin Pasha . He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy second in his class ( Fahreddin was first , Enver was fourth , Mahmud Kâmil was eighth ) and graduated from the Ottoman Military College first in his class ( Enver was second , Mahmud Kâmil was fourth , Fahreddin was seventh ) on December 5 , 1902 . He was known as one of the " Freedom Heroes " in 1908 . Hafiz Hakki fought in the Balkan wars in 1912 and then wrote books about how armies should be led . General Hakkı was one of the Ottoman commanders at the Battle of Sarikamis . At this battle , the large Ottoman army was utterly defeated by a smaller Russian force . During the retreat , the Ottoman army was nearly annihilated , mostly due to bitterly cold temperatures . Hafız was appointed by Enver Pasha to take over the remnants of the Ottoman army in the Caucasus in early 1915 . He died of typhus in Erzerum in 1915 just a few weeks later .
Persifor Frazer Smith Persifor Frazer Smith ( November 16 , 1798May 17 , 1858 ) was a U . S . Army officer during the Seminole Wars and Mexican - American War , as well as one of the last governors of California before it became a state . Life . Smith was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , the son of Jonathan and Mary Ann ( Frazer ) Smith . His maternal grandfather was Revolutionary War figure Persifor Frazer . General Smith is sometimes confused with his cousin , also named Persifor Frazer Smith , who was a well - known lawyer in Philadelphia . Persifor Frazer Smith the lawyer was the son of Joseph Smith ( brother of Jonathan Smith ) and Mary Frazer ( sister of Mary Ann Frazer ) . Other notable relatives include his cousin , Joseph Smith Harris . Smith served as a colonel of volunteers in the Seminole Wars from 1836 to 1838 , before taking part in the Mexican – American War . He commanded the 2nd Brigade in Worth ' s Division at the Battle of Monterrey . He was brevetted brigadier general in September 1846 and joined Winfield Scott ' s army as commander of the 1st Brigade , 2nd Division . He led his brigade at the battles of Veracruz , Cerro Gordo and Contreras . He was brevetted major general for actions at Contreras and fought in the battles for Mexico City . He served on the armistice commission and then as military governor of Mexico City . After the war , he commanded the Pacific Division of the U . S . Army , predecessor of the Department of the Pacific . In 1849 , in his capacity as commander , he sent relief parties across the Sierra Nevada in the fall to meet the last arrivals in the emigration , saving many lives . He next commanded the Department of Texas , where he selected the site for Fort Davis and issued orders for the establishment of Fort Lancaster . He died at Leavenworth , Kansas , while trying to quiet a disturbance , and is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia . General Smith married his first wife , Frances Jeanette Bureau , in 1822 . Their only child , Howard Smith , was a physician and surgeon . Howard Smith served on the staff of General Kirby Smith during the Civil War . After his first wife ' s death in 1852 , General Persifor Frazer Smith married Anne Monica Millard Armstrong , widow of Francis Wells Armstrong . Legacy . It has been speculated that , despite his Northern upbringing , Smith would have supported the Confederacy in the Civil War as a result of his long - time residence in the South , and would possibly have been one of its most experienced officers . However , he rendered the issue moot by dying three years before the war began . His stepson , Frank Crawford Armstrong , did serve as brigadier general in the Confederate army .
16 Flight Army Air Corps 16 Flight AAC was an independent flight within the British Army ' s Army Air Corps . Based at Britain ' s sovereign bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in Cyprus , it operated in support of Army units based there . The unit operated Westland Gazelle AH . 1 helicopters . This unit is disbanded , and its roles taken by No . 84 Squadron RAF .
Fritz Hertzsch Fritz Hertzsch ( 15 June 1892 – 15 July 1941 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Fritz Hertzsch was killed on 15 July 1941 near Kutjany , Russia . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 8 August 1941 .
French destroyer Terrible The Terrible was a large destroyer of the French Navy in service during World War II . History . " Terrible " was launched in 1933 and displaced 2 , 570 tonnes with 74 , 000 HP . She became the fastest destroyer ever when she reached 45 . 1 knots during trials in 1935 . On 25 October 1939 , along with her sister - ship " Fantasque " , she captured the German cargo ship " Santa Fe " . She took part in the battle of Mers - el - Kebir on 3 July 1940 , exiting the harbour and engaging the British fleet . She attempted to torpedo large British units , but was recalled to escort the " Strasbourg " back to Toulon . " Terrible " took part in the Battle of Dakar in September 1940 . Shortly after Operation Torch , French West Africa and its fleet , including " Terrible " , turned to the Allies . In March 1943 , she entered a major refit and modernisation in Boston , where she was fitted with two radar s , a new ASDIC , new anti - air gunnery and other improvements . She was then reclassified " light cruiser " to match Allied standards , and was sent to the Mediterranean theater of war . She took part in Allied invasion of Italy , bombarding shore targets and repelling German planes . On 13 December 1943 , she landed 250 men in Ajaccio . In 1944 , she formed the 10th Light Cruiser Division , along with her sister - ships " Fantasque " and " Malin " , attacking Axis convoys in swift night actions . In August , she took part in Operation Dragoon , the Allied invasion of south France . In December , she was heavily damaged in a collision with the " Malin " , which left her under repair until 1945 . After the war , " Terrible " was put in the reserve , and reclassified as " swift escort " to match NATO standards , with pennant number D611 . She served as an escort to the French carriers " La Fayette " ( R96 ) , " Bois Belleau " ( R97 ) and " Arromanches " ( R 95 ) . From 1956 , she was used as a training ship in Brest , and she was eventually scrapped in June 1962 .
Theodore P . Savas Theodore P . Savas is an attorney , adjunct college instructor , award - winning author , publishing consultant , and partner and managing director of Savas Beatie LLC . He specializes in military history in general , and the American Civil War and American Revolutionary War in particular . Background . Theodore P . Savas was born and raised on the Northern Plains in Iowa . He graduated from North Iowa Area Community College ( NIACC ) in 1979 with an A . A . degree , and from the University of Northern Iowa ( UNI ) in 1981 with a B . A . in History with a teaching credential . After working on his Master ' s in American History , he entered The University of Iowa College of Law in 1983 and graduated in 1986 ( with Distinction ) . Career . Savas practiced law in Silicon Valley for twelve years before turning his focus to his true love of publishing and writing . In 1990 , he co - founded ( with David A . Woodbury ) the Civil War publishing house Savas Woodbury Publishers , which became Savas Publishing in 1995 . Woodbury and Savas founded the well - received quarterly journals Civil War Regiments and Journal of the Indian Wars . In 2001 , Savas Publishing was sold to in a joint acquisition to east coast publishers Combined / Perseus . Savas has been teaching legal , historical , and business - related college classes since 1992 . Savas and New York - based attorney Russell H . Beatie founded the military publishing house Savas Beatie LLC in 2004 , with Savas serving as its managing director and working out of the editorial office in El Dorado Hills , CA . The company ' s tag line is " Independent , scholarly , and a bit old fashioned . " Savas has written , edited , or co - authored fifteen books ( published in seven languages ) . He has two children : Alexandra Maria and Demetrious Theodore . He founded the South Bay Civil War Roundtable and has published numerous articles on Civil War matters
11th Rhode Island Infantry 11th Regiment , Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War between Oct 1862 and Jul 1863 . History . Organized at Providence and mustered in October 1 , 1862 . Left State for Washington , D . C . , October 6 . Attached to Military District of Washington D . C . to December , 1862 . District of Alexandria , Defences of Washington , and 22nd Army Corps , to April , 1863 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , 7th Army Corps , Dept . of Virginia , to June , 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , 4th Army Corps , Dept . of Virginia , to July , 1863 . SERVICE . Duty at East Capitol Hill , Fort Ethan Allen and Miner ' s Hill , Defences of Washington , till January 14 , 1863 . Guard duty at Convalescent Camp till April 15 . Moved to Norfolk , thence to Suffolk April 15 – 19 . Siege of Suffolk April 19 - May 4 . Siege of Suffolk raised May 4 . Expedition to destroy Norfolk & Petersburg Railroad and Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad May 16 – 27 . Expedition to Blackwater June 12 – 18 . Moved to Norfolk June 19 , thence to Yorktown , and to Williamsburg June 22 . Duty at Williamsburg till June 30 . Left Yorktown for home July 2 . Mustered out July 13 , 1863 . Losses . Regiment lost 8 by disease .
M34 grenade The M34 White Phosphorus Smoke Grenade or " Willie Pete " was a chemical grenade manufactured by Rocky Mountain Arsenal used by U . S . forces during the Vietnam War and was also used during the First Gulf War . The M34 WP Grenade was a variant of the M15 designed to be usable as a rifle grenade using the M2 series of grenade launching adapters , and was ribbed to give the fins better grip on the grenade body . The Grenade . The M34 body was made with either compressed fibers or plastic cylinder . The body contained 15 ounces of White Phosphorus . The M34 used a M206A2 Fuse . Overall the grenade weighed a total of 27 ounces .
Cattaro Mutiny The Cattaro mutiny was an unsuccessful revolt by sailors of the Austro - Hungarian Navy in 1918 . The mutiny took place in the Gulf of Cattaro naval base . As World War I progressed , the cumulative effects of wartime economic and social disorganization became pervasive and the discipline of Austro - Hungarian soldiers faded away . Hunger , cold and pointless drills resulted in complaints , desertions and strikes . Revolutionary propaganda fuelled by the example of the Russian Revolution spread among soldiers and workers . On February 1 , 1918 a mutiny started in the Fifth fleet at the Gulf of Kotor naval base on the Adriatic Sea . Sailors on about 40 ships had joined the mutiny . Initial demands for better treatment were soon replaced by political demands and a call for peace . The mutiny failed to spread to other units . On February 3 , the loyal Third fleet arrived and together with coastal artillery engaged in a short and successful skirmish against the mutineers . About 800 sailors were imprisoned , dozens were court - martialed and four seamen were executed ( the leader of the uprising , Bohemian social democrat Franz Rasch and three Croatians ) . The Commander - in - Chief of the fleet , Maximilian Njegovan , was replaced by Miklós Horthy , who was promoted to Counter - admiral ( Konteradmiral ) .