naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Robert Edward Cox Robert Edward Cox ( December 22 , 1876April 24 , 1937 ) was a sailor serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Cox was born December 22 , 1876 in St . Albans , West Virginia and after joining the navy was stationed aboard the . On April 13 , 1904 the ‘ ’ Missouri ’ ’ was engaging in target practice when one of the ships 12 ” gun “ flared back ” . As the breech was opened for reloading , hot gases were released into the turret , causing it to catch fire . The fire spread to a bag of propellant and from there it spread down to the ammunition handling chamber . Cox along with 2 gunners mates contained the fire before it spread to other areas of the ship and in putting out the blaze . The fire was eventually contained but before it was out 36 of the ships crew were dead . For his actions received the Medal of Honor May 26 , 1904 . For his actions received the Medal of Honor April 14 , 1921 . He died April 24 , 1937 and is buried in Rose Hill Cemetery Altoona , Pennsylvania . His grave can be found in section F , lot 6 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organizarion : Chief Gunner ' s Mate , U . S . Navy . Born : 22 December 1855 , St . Albans , W . Va . Accredited to : West Virginia . G . O . No . : 43 , 14 April 1921 . ( Medal presented by President Harding . ) Citation : For extraordinary heroism on U . S . S . Missouri 13 April 1904 . While at target practice off Pensacola , Fla . , an accident occurred in the after turret of the Missouri whereby the lives of 5 officers and 28 men were lost . The ship was in imminent danger of destruction by explosion , and the prompt action of C . G . Cox and 2 gunners ' mates caused the fire to be brought under control , and the loss of the Missouri , together with her crew , was averted .
Artabazes ( military officer ) Artabazes ( ; died 542 ) was a Byzantine military officer , recorded taking part in the Gothic War . He was killed just prior to the Battle of Faventia . The main source about him is Procopius . Biography . Artabazes was a native of Byzantine Armenia . His unit consisted of Persian troops , transferred from the fortress Sisauranon to the Italian Peninsula . He is first recorded in 542 as an archon of the Byzantine army , but his rank is not specified in primary sources . He was one of the Byzantine troops marching against the city of Verona , an Ostrogoth stronghold . The Byzantine forces consisted of about 12 , 000 men , with Constantianus and Alexander as co - commanders . The Byzantines managed to bribe or otherwise win over Marcianus , one of the sentinels of the city . He was to open a city gate at night so that a small Byzantine unit would seize the gate and prepare the entry for the rest of the army . Artabazes was chosen to lead the operation and his unit for the night consisted of 100 hand - picked men . The small force entered the city , but the rest of the Byzantine army failed to arrive on time . The co - commanders were allegedly involved in a nightly dispute over how to divide the plunder once the city was taken . The delay proved disastrous and the Gothic garrison had time to organize itself and advance against Artabazes . They regained control of the gate , leaving the Byzantine unit trapped within the city . The fighting continued , with Artabazes and his men retreating towards the battlement . Their only way of escape was to jump down from the city walls . They did so , with several of them killed by the fall . Artabazes survived the battle mostly unhurt and returned to the Byzantine camp . He bitterly criticized the delay that cost them victory . The Byzantine army retreated towards Faventia and eventually camped next to a stream variously known as Anemo or Lamone . There , they were met by King Totila of the Ostrogoths ( r . 541 – 552 ) , marching against them with about 5 , 000 men . Artabazes is recorded urging his superiors to attack the enemy forces while they were still crossing the river . He argued that the disorder would gain their side an advantage , but his idea was ultimately rejected . While the rival armies were preparing for battle , Artabazes was engaged in single combat against Valaris . The latter was a champion of the Goths , reportedly a giant of a man . Artabazes managed to slay his opponent , but he was mortally wounded himself and died shortly after . Procopius praises him as a good soldier . Ultimately , Totila won the Battle of Faventia and even managed to capture the imperial standards . He then took the initiative of invading Tuscany and besieging Florence .
War correspondents 1942 – 1943 This is a partial list of war correspondents who reported from North Africa or Italy in 1942 - 43 , during World War II . Some of the names are taken from the war journal of Eric Lloyd Williams , a correspondent for Reuters and the South African Press Association during the war , and from a radio broadcast he made in 1944 .
3rd New Guinea Infantry Battalion The 3rd New Guinea Infantry Battalion ( 3NGIB ) was a battalion of the Australian Army formed in June 1945 in the territory of New Guinea , during World War II , in order to fight against the Japanese . Its soldiers were primarily natives of New Guinea , under the command of Australian officers and NCOs . Formed late in the war the battalion took no part in the allied campaigns in New Guinea , although a few of its members saw service with 2NGIB during the Aitape - Wewak campaign , suffering a number of casualties . 3NGIB had an establishment of about 77 Europeans and 550 native soldiers . The Papuan Infantry Battalion ( PIB ) along with the 1st and 2nd New Guinea Infantry Battalion were amalgamated to form the Pacific Islands Regiment in November 1944 . The 3rd and 4th New Guinea Infantry Battalion joined the regiment in 1945 , although 4NGIB was soon disbanded , whilst the 5th New Guinea Infantry Battalion — although authorised — was never raised . The battalion was disbanded in November 1947 .
Firepower – The Royal Artillery Museum Firepower : The Royal Artillery Museum is a military museum in Woolwich in south - east London , England , which tells the story of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and of the Royal Arsenal . History . Although the museum was set up to preserve Royal Artillery ( RA ) history , it is in fact much more than a regimental museum as the RA has been involved in most British actions for over 200 years . Over two million men and women have served in the RA since its formation and human stories of bravery and sacrifice are told throughout the museum . The museum is located in some of the former buildings of the Royal Arsenal , which was Britain ' s principal ordnance manufacturing facility from the early 18th century until the mid - 20th century . Since the turn of the millennium the Royal Arsenal site has been undergoing a mixed - use redevelopment , and Firepower is one of the anchor features of this project . The forerunner of Firepower was the Royal Military Repository , which was established on the Royal Arsenal site in May 1778 . After a fire in 1802 the surviving artefacts were rehoused in the Old Royal Military Academy . In 1820 the main collection was moved to the Rotunda on Woolwich Common . The collection moved to Firepower in April 2001 . All of Firepower ' s buildings were once part of the Royal Laboratory Department , which controlled the manufacture of ammunition . The Old Military Academy and some of the other buildings used by Firepower are grade II listed . The adjacent Greenwich Heritage Centre tells the story of the local people of Greenwich who worked in the Arsenal and made the guns . Collection and displays . As so many people have served in the Royal Artillery , the museum ' s archive of ' Gunner ' records are much in demand with genealogists and family - history researchers . The archive ' s experts have produced a handy guide for Royal Artillery family - tree researchers called " Is there a Gunner in your family tree ? " which explains step by step just how to find out about Gunner ancestors and relatives . Firepower has large collections of historic and modern weapons . It is composed of the following sections :
Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras Jacques Henri de Durfort , Duke of Duras ( October 9 , 1625 – October 12 , 1704 ) was marshal of France . Life . Jacques Henri was the oldest son of Guy Aldonce de Durfort ( 1605 – 1665 ) , marquis of Duras , count of Rozan and of Lorges , maréchal de camp and of Élisabeth de La Tour d ' Auvergne , sister of Henri de La Tour d ' Auvergne , better known as Turenne . His brother , Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges , was also a Marshal of France . He served first under his uncle , Turenne , and under Condé ; he distinguished himself at Mariendal , and Alerheim . In 1651 he followed Condé into rebellion , but came back into the service of the king in 1657 , with the title of lieutenant - general . He played a major part in the conquest of Franche - Comté ; and was named by Louis XIV governor of that province and marshal in 1675 . In 1689 he took part in the destruction of the Palatinate during the War of the Grand Alliance . He married Marguerite Félice de Lévis , daughter of Charles de Lévis , Duke of Ventadour and Marie de La Guiche . Marguerite Félice was the sister in law of Charlotte de La Mothe Houdancourt and aunt of the Duchess of Rohan - Rohan . The Duc de Saint - Simon , who married his niece , speaks highly of him in his memoirs and notes that he was in such favour with Louis XIV that he " could more or less say what he pleased . "
Gibraltar Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean . A peninsula with an area of 6 . 843 square kilometres ( 2 . 642 sq miles ) , it has a northern border with Spain . The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region . At its foot is the densely populated city area , home to almost 30 , 000 Gibraltarians and other nationalities . An Anglo - Dutch force captured Gibraltar in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession . The territory was subsequently ceded to Britain by Spain under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . It was an important base for the British Royal Navy ; today its economy is based largely on tourism , financial services , and shipping . The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a major point of contention in Anglo - Spanish relations as Spain asserts a claim to the territory . Gibraltarians resoundingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in referenda held in 1967 and 2002 . Under its 2006 constitution Gibraltar governs its own affairs , though some powers , such as defence and foreign relations , remain the responsibility of the UK Government .
HMS Hero ( 1803 ) HMS " Hero " was a 74 - gun third rate of the Royal Navy , launched on 18 August 1803 at Blackwall Yard . She took part in Admiral Robert Calder ' s action at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1805 . On 25 December 1811 " Hero " , under captain James Newman - Newman , was wrecked on the Haak Sands at the mouth of the Texel during a gale , with the loss of all but 12 of her crew .
Carl Casper Carl Casper ( 22 February 1893 – 25 August 1970 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Carl Casper was surrendered to American forces in May 1945 and was released in 1948 .
Battle of Sabilla The Battle of Sabilla ( March 29 , 1929 ) was the main battle of the Ikhwan Revolt in northern Arabia between the rebellious Ikhwan forces and the army of Ibn Saud . It was the last major battle in which one side rode camels , as the Ikhwan emphasized radical conservatism and shunned technological modernization . The rebellious , but technologically mediocre , Ikhwan were decisively defeated by the Saudi forces , which included machine - guns and cavalry . Faisal al - Dawish , one of the three leaders of the rebellious Ikhwan tribes , was wounded in the battle . According to " Ibn Saud Information Resource " , his injury was " serious " . Sultan bin Bajad , allegedly fled the battle scene .
Kendall Carl Campbell Kendall Carl Campbell was born 25 July 1917 in Garden City , Kansas . Navy career . After enlisting in the Naval Reserve 28 October 1940 , Campbell reported to the Naval Reserve Aviation Base in Kansas City for flight training 15 November . Appointed Aviation Cadet on 1 February 1941 , he became an Ensign on 19 August . He was assigned to carrier combat squadrons , courageously engaging the enemy in the early actions . Awarded the Navy Cross . During the Battle of the Coral Sea , Ens . Campbell lost his life in this action and was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously . The official Navy citation : He was also awarded the Gold Star in lieu of the Second Navy Cross for service in New Guinea . The official Navy citation : Namesake . USS " Kendall C . Campbell " ( DE - 443 ) was named in his honor . She was launched 19 March 1944 by the Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Company , Newark , New Jersey ; sponsored by Mrs . Carl B . Campbell ; and commissioned 31 July 1944 , Lt . Comdr . R . W . Johnson in command .
Guerrilla movements in Colombia Guerrilla movements in Colombia refers to the origins , development and actions of guerrilla movements in the Republic of Colombia . Spanish colonial control . Different guerrilla - style movements have appeared in Venezuela , Nigeria , Fiji , and Colombia ever since the Spanish conquest of the Americas . The indigenous peoples were the first to use irregular warfare against the Spanish invaders and colonial administrations . By the early 19th century , groups of Creoles and mestizo s , segregated from the European - born Spaniards , participated in separatist movements opposed to local authorities and later the Spanish monarchy itself . They established " patriotic armies " ( " Ejércitos patriotas " ) which included both regular and irregular forces . Colombian Civil War of 1860 - 1862 . The Colombian Civil War of May 8 , 1860 to November 1862 was an internal conflict between the newly formed conservative Grenadine Confederation and a more liberal rebel force from the newly succeeded region of Cauca , composed of dissatisfied politicians commanded by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera , its former president . The Grenadine Confederation , created a few years earlier in 1858 by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez , was defeated in the capital Bogotá , with Mosquera deposing the newly elected president Bartolomé Calvo on July 18 , 1861 . Forming a provisional government , with himself as president , Mosquera continued to pursue the conservative forces until their final defeat in 1862 . The resulting formation of the new United States of Colombia would have significant cultural and economic consequences for Colombia . Thousand days civil war . The Thousand Days War ( 1899 – 1902 ) ( Spanish : " Guerra de los Mil Días " ) , was a civil armed conflict in the newly created Republic of Colombia , ( including its then province of Panama ) between the Conservative Party , the Liberal Party and its radical factions . In 1899 the ruling conservatives were accused of maintaining power through fraudulent elections . The situation was worsened by an economic crisis caused by falling coffee prices in the international market , which mainly affected the opposition Liberal Party , which had lost power . La Violencia . La Violencia ( , " The Violence " ) is a period of civil conflict in the Colombian countryside between supporters of the Colombian Liberal Party and the Colombian Conservative Party , a conflict which took place roughly from 1948 to 1958 ( sources vary on the exact dates ) . Some historians disagree about the dates : some argue it started in 1946 when the Conservatives came back into government , because at a local level the leadership of the police forces and town councils changed hands , encouraging Conservative peasants to seize land from Liberal peasants and setting off a new wave of bi - partisan violence in the countryside . But traditionally , most historians argue that " La Violencia " began with the death of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán .
Enlisted Expeditionary Warfare Specialist The EXW qualification ( referred to as Enlisted Expeditionary Warfare Specialist ) is a warfare qualification awarded to enlisted United States Navy personnel , and select United States Coast Guard personnel temporarily assigned to the U . S . Navy , who satisfactorily complete the required qualification course and pass a qualification board hearing . The program was approved July 31 , 2006 by then - Chief of Naval Operations Adm . Michael Mullen . The qualification was developed to provide a chance for enlisted sailors in the Navy Expeditionary Combat Command community ( naval personnel serving in a maritime security or maritime combat related role ) to earn a warfare qualification . Core qualification skills will include weapons qualification and maintenance , marksmanship , land navigation , field communications , and expeditionary camp deployment . The very first awardee was Master - at - Arms 2nd Class ( EXW / SW ) Carl P . Hurt Jr of Mobile Security Squadron Seven based out of Guam . There are currently no plans to offer an officer version of the qualification . Types of Expeditionary Warfare Specialist Qualification Platforms . Naval Special Warfare Groups , Naval Special Warfare Units ; SEAL Teams ; Security Squadrons Breast insignia . The design of the new pin encompasses the essence of enlisted expeditionary Sailors , presenting the bow and superstructure of a Sea Ark 34 ' patrol boat from Inshore Boat Units superimposed upon a crossed cutlass and M16A1 rifle . The waves represent the Navy ' s heritage , the cutlass represents the enlisted force , the M16A1 represents an NECC mission area and the boat , another NECC mission area . The background is the traditional waves of the Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist badge .
Jegerkompaniet Jegerkompaniet ( Arctic Ranger Company ) / ISTAR is the Norwegian Army ' s northern - most unit . It is deployed to the world ' s northern - most military garrison , Porsangmoen , at 70 degrees northern latitude . The company has both conscripts and professional soldiers . The units are specialized in unconventional warfare and guerrilla tactics and long range reconnaissance deep behind enemy lines , with no support from other units , in all weather conditions and in all terrain , for periods of up to 30 days . Training at the Arctic Ranger Regiment is similar to training at other ranger units , with the exception that much more time is spent on winter training . The overall goal of the training is to produce Arctic Rangers that are capable of combat and survival behind enemy lines for periods of up to 30 days with no support from other units .
Saurabh Singh Shekhawat IC - 52871 , Colonel Saurabh Singh Shekhawat is the most decorated serving officer in the Indian Army . The colonel is also an accomplished mountaineer . He is a member of the 21st Battalion of The Parachute Regiment ( Special Forces ) . He has been awarded Kirti Chakra , Shaurya Chakra , Sena Medal and Vishisht Seva Medal for his various acts of gallantry displayed in anti - terrorist operations and mountaineering and distinguished service . He has also served with the Maratha Light Infantry . Mountaineering . In 2005 he ascended Mount Everest for a record third time , having previously done so in 2001 and 2003 . He has also climbed Kilimanjaro , the highest peak in Africa , and Mount Blanc , the highest peak in the Alps and Western Europe . In October 2009 he led the joint Indo - Kazakh team to scale the Kazakhstan peak of Marble Wall peak in Kazakhstan . Till date Shekhawat has scaled 14 peaks .
20th Army ( Soviet Union ) The 20th Army was a field army of the Red Army that fought during the Great Patriotic War . First formation . The Army was first formed in the Orel Military District in June 1941 . On 22 June 1941 the Army was part of the STAVKA reserves and was located west of Moscow . On 27 June 1941 it was proposed to Joseph Stalin that the Soviet armies ( 13th Army , 19th Army , 20th , 21st Army , and 22nd Army ) would defend the line going through the Daugava - Polotsk - Vitebsk - Orsha - Mogilev - Mazyr as part of the Reserve Front . Committed as part of Western Front in defensive battles in Belarussia , Smolensk , and Vyazma . The Army HQ was disbanded having been encircled and destroyed in the Vyazma Pocket . Order of Battle 22 June 1941 . Source : BSSA via tashv and Leo Niehorster Second formation . Reestablished in November 1941 from Operational Group Liziukov . Reformed November 1941 for the Battle of Moscow , comprising 331st and 350th Rifle Divisions , and three separate brigades . Fought as part of the Western Front . In 1942 - 43 it operated on the Rzhev - Sychevka bridgehead , and took part in the Rzhev - Vyazma offensive operation . In 1944 it became part of the Stavka Reserve and was then reassigned to Kalinin Front and Leningrad Front . It was disbanded in April 1944 by being dispersed within the formations of 3rd Baltic Front . The army was in strategic reserve from July 1943 to April 1944 . In April 1944 the headquarters was disbanded and used to form the 3rd Baltic Front .
Joel Minnick Longenecker Joel Minnick Longenecker ( January 12 , 1847 – September 19 , 1906 ) , American farmer , soldier , lawyer , State ' s Attorney , Judge , gubernatorial candidate , and Department Commander of the Illinois Grand Army of the Republic . Active in nationally prominent trials involving the Chicago Anarchists , and Irish nationalists . Longenecker had been a farmer in Robinson , Illinois , Crawford County . . In the American Civil War , Longenecker , age 18 , joined Co . F , 5th Regiment of the Illinois Cavalry as a private on December 4 , 1864 in Olney , Illinois . He served for one year with no apparent distinction . After the war , Longenecker taught school for two terms , and – after he became of age – was elected Justice of the Peace while he was studying law at Robinson . He married Emma Florence Fitch on August 30 , 1870 . In 1871 , Longenecker was admitted to the bar at Olney , Illinois at which time he served as City Attorney . From 1876 to 1880 he was State ’ s Attorney serving at Richland County , and from 1882 to 1899 , tried over 35 reported decisions as State ’ s Attorney in Chicago , Cook County . He was prominent in such trials as the anarchist and the infamous Irish Nationalist Dr . Patrick Henry Cronin murder case . From 1899 , Longenecker served as a Judge in Cook County . On May 3 , 1890 , he was elected Department Commander of the Illinois Grand Army of the Republic . During his term as Commander , as reported by the " New York Times " , " Judge Joel M . Longenecker is Chairman of the General Committee and is hosting the National G . A . R . Encampment in Chicago on August 21 through September 1 , 1900 . " Also , as the " Times " reported , " This City is preparing for what is expected to be the greatest Grand Army Encampment in the history of the organization . " Longenecker officially received President William McKinley and the Governor of Illinois at the parade review stand on Tuesday , August 28 , 1900 . A bronze - medal bas - relief of Longenecker is shown in the photograph . The reverse side of the low - relief emblem reads , " 35th Annual Encampment , Department of Illinois , G . A . R . , Peoria , Ill ’ s . May 14 – 15 - 16 , 1901 . " This medallion marked the end of Judge Longenecker ’ s 10 - year term as GAR Illinois Department Commander . In August 1906 , Judge Longenecker ’ s strength failed . He went to Paw Paw Lake in Berrien County , Michigan to recuperate , and on September 19 , 1906 died from cirrhosis of the liver , probably due – in no small part – to excessive drinking . In his obituary , it is stated that Longenecker was second in the Republican primary race ( year ? ) for Governor of the State of Illinois .