naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Abus gun The Abus gun is an early form of artillery created by the Ottoman Empire . They were small , but often too heavy to carry , and many were equipped with a type of tripod . They had a caliber between 3 and and fired a projectile weighing 4 . 25 pounds . Abus guns , despite being a form of howitzer , were primarily used as an anti - infantry weapon . Military history . Background . Its origins are not known . Early artillery such as this gun opened the way for the developments in artillery that we have made across the ages , and spawned more recent and familiar types of artillery . They continued to develop it ; by the Napoleonic era , Mechanics . Abus guns were a short - barreled artillery machine that fired shots about the size of a human fist . They also had many varieties of artillery , from large siege Bombard to the mobile Abus guns in question . Though light enough to carry , they needed to be equipped with a tripod of sorts . This movability was opposed to locating them in a guarded artillery emplacement , where versatility of the weapon would have been considerably restricted . The design remained unchanged until 1830 when the Prussia n military advisers appointed by the sultan made a few minor improvements , standardising the weapons in order to improve efficiency .
James Allen Taylor James Allen Taylor ( born December 31 , 1937 ) is a retired United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Taylor joined the Army from San Francisco , California in 1956 and was commissioned as an Army officer in 1965 . By November 8 , 1967 , he was serving as a First Lieutenant in Troop B , 1st Squadron , 1st Cavalry Regiment , Americal Division . When his commander was wounded in action , Taylor was ordered into the combat zone to take command and prepare a search - and - destroy mission . During a battle the next day , west of Que Son in the Republic of Vietnam , Taylor repeatedly exposed himself to enemy fire to rescue crewmen from damaged assault vehicles and personnel carriers . He was subsequently promoted to Captain and awarded the Medal of Honor on November 19 , 1968 . Taylor reached the rank of Major before retiring from the Army in 1980 . He holds a bachelor ' s degree in criminology from the University of Tampa . Medal of Honor citation . Taylor ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Capt . Taylor , Armor , was serving as executive officer of Troop B , 1st Squadron . His troop was engaged in an attack on a fortified position west of Que Son when it came under intense enemy recoilless rifle , mortar , and automatic weapon s fire from an enemy strong point located immediately to its front . One armored cavalry assault vehicle was hit immediately by recoilless rifle fire and all 5 crewmembers were wounded . Aware that the stricken vehicle was in grave danger of exploding , Capt . Taylor rushed forward and personally extracted the wounded to safety despite the hail of enemy fire and exploding ammunition . Within minutes a second armored cavalry assault vehicle was hit by multiple recoilless rifle rounds . Despite the continuing intense enemy fire , Capt . Taylor moved forward on foot to rescue the wounded men from the burning vehicle and personally removed all the crewmen to the safety of a nearby dike . Moments later the vehicle exploded . As he was returning to his vehicle , a bursting mortar round painfully wounded Capt . Taylor , yet he valiantly returned to his vehicle to relocate the medical evacuation landing zone to an area closer to the front lines . As he was moving his vehicle , it came under machinegun fire from an enemy position not 50 yards away . Capt . Taylor engaged the position with his machinegun , killing the 3 - man crew . Upon arrival at the new evacuation site , still another vehicle was struck . Once again Capt . Taylor rushed forward and pulled the wounded from the vehicle , loaded them aboard his vehicle , and returned them safely to the evacuation site . His actions of unsurpassed valor were a source of inspiration to his entire troop , contributed significantly to the success of the overall assault on the enemy position , and were directly responsible for saving the lives of a number of his fellow soldiers . His actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military profession and reflect great credit upon himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
1st Guards Army ( Soviet Union ) The 1st Guards Army was a Soviet field army that fought on the Eastern Front during World War II , being formed from the 2nd Reserve Army with five Guards Rifle Divisions in August 1942 . During the German Sixth Army ' s assault on Stalingrad in August 1942 , the Red Army launched a counter - offensive to drive the German forces back . The 1st Guards Army and the 24th Army launched the attack . Little success was met . The 1st Guards Army managed an advance of just a few miles , while the 24th Army was pushed back right into its start - line . When the German troops were making their attack on Stalingrad , the First Guards Army was facing the Italian Eighth Army in the upper part of the Don River . During November 1942 1st Guards Army was reformed from 63rd Army , as Operation Uranus was taking place . The First Guards Army stayed in that position until Operation Wintergewitter in December 1942 . On 8 December 1942 it consisted of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps , the 6th Guards Rifle Corps , the 153rd Rifle Division , and the 18th Tank Corps . After the German relief operation was held , the 1st Guards Army , along with the 6th Army and 3rd Guards Army , launched an attack in Operation Little Saturn . During the operation the Soviets defeated the Italian Eighth Army and gained a respectable amount of territory . By the end of the year , the 1st Guards Army was outside Millerovo . The 1st Guards Army also took part in Operation Saturn , where the Red Army successfully drove back Army Group South to the Donets Basin basin in the Ukraine . In the Battle of Stalingrad , the 1st Guards Army was headed by General Dmitri Lelyushenko and included six rifle divisions as well as a Guards Mechanized Corps . The 1st Guards Army was part of the Soviet Southwestern Front , and took part in the victorious Soviet pushing into Germany in 1943 to 1945 . Also , in 1943 , the 1st Guards Army was the first unit of the soviet army to operate the new T - 34 / 85 tank . Among its units when the war ended in 1945 was the 81st Rifle Division . 1st Guards Army was active for many years in the Kiev Military District after the Second World War , headquartered at Chernigov . For a period the army HQ was actually an operations group of the District . By this time it had been awarded the Order of Lenin . It included among its forces the 72nd Guards Motor Rifle Division , the 25th Guards Motor Rifle Division , and also at one point the 163rd Motor Rifle Division . After the collapse of the Soviet Union the Army became the 1st Army Corps of the Ukrainian Ground Forces , and then Territorial Directorate " North " .
Office of War Mobilization The Office of War Mobilization ( OWM ) was an independent agency of the United States government formed during World War II to coordinate all government agencies involved in the war effort . It was formed on May 27 , 1943 by Executive Order 9347 . It was headed by James F . Byrnes , a former U . S . Senator and Supreme Court Justice . Byrnes had previously been head of the Office of Economic Stabilization , which controlled prices and taxes . The OWM supervised the OES , and also the War Production Board and other agencies . Byrnes ' authority as head of the OWM was so far - reaching , he was dubbed the " assistant President " .
Albert Kwesi Ocran Lieutenant General Albert Kwesi Ocran ( born 21 July 1929 ) is a soldier and politician . He was a member of the Presidential Commission of Ghana between 1969 and 1970 . He is a former Chief of the Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces and was a member of the National Liberation Council ( NLC ) military government in Ghana . Career . Ocran was commissioned as an officer in the Gold Coast Regiment of the United Kingdom ' s Royal West African Frontier Force in 1954 . He later rose to become a Colonel in the Ghana army after independence . He was the commander of the First Infantry Brigade of the army now known as the Southern Command at the time of the coup d ' état of 1966 . He was promoted to Brigadier following the coup and made Chief of Army Staff , a position he held for six months . He was reappointed Chief of Army Staff in May 1967 . He was promoted to the position of Chief of the Defence Staff in November 1968 and continued as such until November 1969 . Politics . The then Colonel Ocran came into national prominence with his involvement in the first coup d ' état in Ghana . This led to the overthrow of the Convention People ' s Party ( CPP ) government of Dr . Kwame Nkrumah on February 24 , 1966 . After the coup , he was one of the eight members of the National Liberation Council ( NLC ) , which replaced the Nkrumah government . He was promoted to Brigadier as well as becoming a member of the new NLC military government . After the parliamentary election of 1969 , Ocran became one of three members of an interim Presidential Commission which ushered in the second republic . The other members were John Willie Kofi Harlley , the Inspector General of Police of the Ghana Police Service and Lt . Gen . Akwasi Afrifa who was the chairman . He remained on the commission till it was dissolved in August 1970 . The commission was replaced by an interim ceremonial president , Nii Amaa Ollennu . Life after politics . Albert Ocran became the president of the Veterans Association of Ghana . He is also one of the people honoured by president John Kufuor in 2006 .
Borve Castle , Benbecula Borve Castle , also known as Castle Wearie , and Caisteal Bhuirgh in Scottish Gaelic , is a ruined 14th century tower house , located at the south - west of the island of Benbecula , in the Western Isles of Scotland . MacGibbon and Ross attributed the building of the tower to Amie mac Ruari , wife of John of Islay , and dated it to between 1344 and 1363 . It was occupied by the Macdonalds of Benbecula until the early 17th century . The ruined tower measures by , and high . The walls are up to thick . The entrance , in the south wall , led into the second of three storeys . The ruins are protected as a Scheduled Monument .
SMS Gneisenau ( 1879 ) SMS " Gneisenau " was a built for the German Imperial Navy ( " Kaiserliche Marine " ) in the late 1870s . The ship was named after the Prussia n Field Marshal August von Gneisenau . " Gneisenau " served in the training of officer candidates , for which the ship undertook numerous voyages abroad . An incident of desertion by a crew member is alleged to have occurred in 1885 at Sydney . On 16 December 1900 the ship sank in a storm near the harbor of Málaga , Spain , after grounding at the harbor mole and failure of the propulsion machinery . Forty crew members perished , including the captain and first officer .
William Bowles ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Bowles , KCB ( 1780 – 2 July 1869 ) was a senior Royal Navy officer and politician . Naval career . Bowles joined the Royal Navy in 1796 . He was made Lieutenant in 1803 , Commander in 1806 and Captain in 1807 . In April 1811 he became captain of the frigate , and sailed her for the west coast of Africa . He was appointed Captain of the yacht HMS " William and Mary " in 1822 , moving on to be Comptroller - General of the Coast Guard later that year . Promoted to Rear Admiral in 1841 , he became Third Naval Lord in 1844 . He was also Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Launceston in Cornwall from 1844 to 1852 . Promoted Vice - Admiral in 1852 and Admiral in 1857 , his last naval appointment was as Commander - in - Chief , Portsmouth in 1859 . Family . On 9 August 1820 , he married The Hon . Frances Temple , daughter of the late 2nd Viscount Palmerston and sister of the 3rd Viscount , Secretary at War and later Prime Minister .
5th Division ( New Zealand ) The 5th Division , New Zealand Military Forces , was raised in the Southern Military District during the Second World War . It consisted of 3rd and 10th Brigades and 11th Brigade Group . It was disbanded after the danger of invasion from Japan receded . It appears to have been raised on 1 November 1941 , and disbanded on 1 April 1944 . Infantry units included the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Canterbury Regiment , 1st and 3rd Battalions of the Nelson , Marlborough & West Coast Regiment , 2nd Battalion New Zealand Scots ( Westerfield , Sept 42 – July 1943 ) 1st Battalion Southland Regiment , and 3rd Battalion , Wellington West Coast Regiment ( Blenheim , January – June 1942 ) . In mid - 1942 , the division comprised : No . 22 Squadron RNZAF flew in support of the division in the army cooperation role .
Studebaker US6 The Studebaker US6 ( M16A ) is a class of 2 . 5 - ton trucks manufactured by Studebaker during World War II , produced in the United States from 1941 – 1945 and in the Soviet Union beginning in 1942 . Specifications . The US6 had a Hercules built six - cylinder gasoline engine that produced , with a five - speed transmission plus a two speed transfer case . Production was divided between GMC producing trucks for the US Army , Studebaker Corporation producing 2 . 5 - ton trucks for Lend - Lease , and International Harvester producing for the US Navy & Marines . Three primary manufacturers produced over 900 , 000 2 . 5 - ton trucks in all , in both 6x4 and 6x6 axle / wheel versions , with approximately 200 , 000 Studebaker trucks built in thirteen variations , including dump truck and tractor models . Studebaker trucks were unique from other 2 . 5 - ton trucks built for the war effort because vent windows were included in each door . These windows were separate from the window that rolled down into the door and could be rotated out to help with ventilation . Allied use . Large numbers of Lend - Lease Studebaker trucks were sent into the Soviet Union via the Persian Corridor . The Soviets found them a good platform for " Stalin Organ " Katyusha rocket launchers , although it was not their prime use in the Soviet Union . It fulfilled many roles in the Red Army , such as pulling artillery and was renowned for its ruggedness and reliability . The truck was affectionately known as the " Studer " by Soviet troops . Studebaker US6 trucks were also used in the construction of the Burma Road as well as the Alcan Highway in North America . Australian CMP http : / / www . oldcmp . net / us6 . html
Special Forces of India The Special Forces of India are Indian Military units with specialised training in the field of special operations . List of Indian Special Operations Forces . Garud Commando Force . Garud is a special commando force of Indian defense services which is responsible for operating special tasks . COBRA . Special Forces of the Paramilitary Central Reserve Police Force Equipment . Some of the equipment for the special forces are manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board , Ministry of Defence , Government of India while others are procured from foreign sources . Upgrades after 26 / 11 2008 Mumbai attacks . Soldiers wear standard issue camouflage and body Armour and also procuring lighter body armour with personal communication sets , and also the Commando patch on their shoulder once they have finished their training . Depending on the mission , they may carry other items like ropes , climbing gear , grenades , rocket launchers , radio frequency locator , electro - optical equipment , Laser Range Finders , advanced spectrum or spectroscopic equipment and various types of mission and terrain specific equipment . Historic Special Forces . Books . P C Katoch & Saikat Datta , " India ' s Special Forces - History and Future of Special Forces " , ISBN 9789382573975
Canon de 75 modèle 1922 Schneider The Canon de 75 modèle 1922 Schneider was a field gun designed by Schneider in the early 1920s . France didn ' t buy any as it had an enormous stock of surplus Canon de 75 modèle 1897 field guns on hand and it was offered for export . Chamberlain and Gander claim that Finland bought some and used them during the Winter War , but this hasn ' t been confirmed by Finnish sources .
Matthew Axelson Sonar Technician 2nd Class Matthew Gene Axelson ( June 25 , 1976 – June 28 , 2005 ) was a United States Navy SEAL . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during Operation Red Wings . Early life . Axelson was born on June 25 , 1976 in Cupertino , California to Donna and Cordell Axelson . He graduated from Monta Vista High School in 1994 and attended California State University , Chico , where he earned a degree in political science . He and his wife Cindy were married in December , 2003 . Military career . Axelson enlisted in the United States Navy in December 2000 , entering basic training at Naval Station Great Lakes . After completing Sonar Technician Surface ( STG ) " A " School , he was selected to attend Basic Underwater Demolition / SEAL training and graduated with Class 237 in Coronado , California . After BUD / S , Axelson attended Army Airborne jump school , SEAL Qualification Training and SEAL Delivery Vehicle School . He reported to SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 1 in December 2002 in Hawaii . He was deployed to Afghanistan in April 2005 . Operation Red Wings . On June 28 , 2005 , SEAL Team 10 was assigned to kill or capture Ahmad Shah , a high ranking Taliban leader in the Hindu Kush mountains . The SEAL team was composed of Michael P . Murphy , Marcus Luttrell , Danny Dietz and Axelson . Their position given away by locals supportive of the Taliban , the SEALs engaged in a fire fight against a force of about 80 - 250 , or in official accounts 20 - 50 Taliban fighters . During the fire fight , Axelson was shot in the chest and head but continued to fight alongside Luttrell until a blast from a rocket - propelled grenade ( RPG ) separated them . Along with injuries sustained from the blast , Axelson died of bullet wounds to the chest and head . When U . S . Navy personnel arrived to retrieve his body for burial , they found that it was a few hundred yards away from the RPG blast location . Axelson was reported by Luttrell to have had three magazines remaining when the blast took place , however , when his body was found , he had only one magazine remaining , which indicated that either Axelson continued to fight even after the blast or the ammo reserves were picked by insurgents . Along with Axelson , Murphy and Dietz also died during the fight . Luttrell managed to survive his injuries and acute hardships with help from local Pashtun villagers . For their heroism in combat Axelson and Dietz were posthumously awarded the Navy Cross , the Navy ' s second highest award for valor . Murphy was awarded the Medal of Honor . Luttrell , the single survivor of the operation , was also awarded the Navy Cross . Awards and decorations . For his service Axelson was awarded the Navy Cross , Purple Heart , the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal , and the Navy Good Conduct Medal .
USS Daniel ( DE - 335 ) USS " Daniel " ( DE - 335 ) was an " Edsall " - class destroyer escort in the United States Navy during World War II . " Daniel " was named after Hugh Spencer Daniel , born 26 December 1923 in Chattanooga , Tennessee , enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve 9 June 1941 . Joining 19 October 1941 , he remained on board that ship until his death 2 days after the action off Santa Cruz Island 26 October 1942 . Private First Class Daniel was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism in refusing to leave his gunnery station although wounded during this battle . " Daniel " was launched 16 November 1943 by Consolidated Steel Corp . , Orange , Texas ; sponsored by Mrs . C . E . Daniel ; and commissioned 24 January 1944 , Lieutenant Commander H . E . Waller , USNR , in command . Atlantic Ocean Convoy Duty . Sailing from Galveston , Texas , 11 February 1944 , " Daniel " conducted shakedown training at Bermuda en route to Norfolk , Virginia , where she arrived 24 March . She was assigned to duty as school ship training destroyer escort nucleus crews in Hampton Roads , Virginia , until 31 May . After escorting a tug to Bermuda she reported for convoy duty . Between 27 June and 27 September 1944 " Daniel " escorted two convoys to Naples , Italy , then made five escort voyages to ports in England and France between 23 October 1944 and 3 June 1945 . Pacific Theatre operations . " Daniel " arrived at San Diego , California , 29 July , and 4 days later got underway for Pearl Harbor . Arriving 9 August , she conducted exercises and served as plane guard for during pilot qualification landings . Decommissioning . On 5 September she sailed for the east coast , arriving at Philadelphia 27 September . She was placed out of commission in reserve at Green Cove Springs , Florida , 12 April 1946 .
Savoia - Marchetti S . 74 The Savoia - Marchetti S . 74 was a four - engine airliner developed by Savoia - Marchetti for " Ala Littoria " . Design and development . The prototype first flew on 16 November 1934 . Only three were ever built . Operational history . The aircraft were used in passenger service , until Italy entered World War II in 1940 , they were put into service as military transport aircraft for the " Regia Aeronautica " . None of the three survived the war .