naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Walter Wolfrum Walter Wolfrum ( 23 May 1923 , Schmölz , Küps , Germany – 26 August 2010 , Schwabach ) was a German World War II fighter ace who served in the Luftwaffe from February 1943 until the end of the war . He is credited with 137 aerial victories — that is , 137 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft . This ties him for 43rd place among highest scoring fighter aces . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . After the war he became a successful aerobatics pilot , winning the German Championship in 1962 and taking second place in 1961 , 1963 , 1964 and 1966 .
2nd Armoured Division ( Australia ) The Australian 2nd Armoured Division was established on 21 February 1942 by redesignating and reorganising the 2nd Motor Division ( which was previously the 2nd Cavalry Division ) . As an armoured division the division was equipped with M3 Grant medium tanks and M3 Stuart light tanks . The 2nd Armoured Division was disbanded in Queensland on 19 February 1943 , though the headquarters of its 6th Armoured Brigade was retained and redesignated headquarters 4th Armoured Brigade . The 2nd Armoured Division was commanded by Major General W . J . M . Locke throughout its brief existence .
SM UC - 50 SM " UC - 50 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 20 November 1915 and was launched on 23 November 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 21 December 1916 as SM " UC - 50 " . In 9 patrols " UC - 50 " was credited with sinking 27 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 50 " was sunk by depth charge s from British destroyer in the Dover Strait off Dungeness on 4 February 1918 .
2nd Guards Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 2nd Guards Reserve Division ( " 2 . Garde - Reserve - Division " ) was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I . Despite its name , it was not a reserve formation of the Prussian Guards like the 1st Guards Reserve Division . Instead , other than the 55th Reserve Infantry Regiment , which was raised by the 4th Guards Grenadiers , it was primarily made up of non - Guards reservists from Westphalia and Hanover . It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 as part of X Reserve Corps and dissolved in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after the Armistice . The division spent the entire war on the Western Front . It fought in the First Battle of the Marne in 1914 , the Battle of the Somme in 1916 , the Battles of Arras and Battle of Passchendaele in 1917 , and occupied various parts of the front throughout the war . It participated in the 1918 German Spring Offensive . It was rated by Allied intelligence as a second class division . Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization in August 1914 , reserve infantry regiments from Westphalia and Hannover , as well as smaller German states adjoining these Prussian provinces , were called up and formed the core of the 2nd Guards Reserve Division . They were joined by artillery , cavalry , and engineer units also from various parts of Germany . The 2nd Guards Reserve Division ' s initial wartime organization was as follows : Order of battle on February 23 , 1918 . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a " square division " ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , the engineer contingent was increased , and a divisional signals command was created . The 2nd Guards Reserve Division ' s order of battle on February 26 , 1918 was as follows :
Carleton ' s Raid Carleton ' s Raid was a British raid led by Major Christopher Carleton during the American War of Independence , conducted in fall 1778 from the Province of Quebec against targets in upstate New York and the Vermont Republic . Prelude . On October 24 , 1778 , with snow already on the ground but before Lake Champlain had frozen , a fleet of ships left Ile aux Noix for the southern part of Lake Champlain . The ships were the HMS " Carleton " and HMS " Maria " , both of which had fought at the Battle of Valcour Island in 1776 . They were supported by 2 gunboat s and many batteaux . The British Army forces were made up of regulars from the 29th , 31st , 53rd Regiments of Foot and the Royal Artillery supported by Loyalists from the King ' s Royal Regiment of New York , Hessian Jägers and about 100 Indian allies for a total force of 454 men . The force was led by Major Christopher Carleton of the 29th Regiment of Foot . Attacks . The fleet moved up the lake to about Crown Point on November 6 , 1778 , where parties of raiders were let off to attack Reymond ' s Mill on Beaver Creek in New York and Middlebury and New Haven on Otter Creek in the Vermont Republic . The fleet then moved to Buttonmold Bay on November 7 , where more raiding parties were sent to attack military supplies and Black powder , the town of Monkton , Vermont , and to Moore ' s Mill near Shoreham , Vermont , a meeting place for the Green Mountain Boys . At Moore ' s Mill the raiding party ran into a group of local militia , and there was a 20 minute skirmish before the local militia retired . One British soldier was wounded during this fight while American casualties are unknown . When the force returned to Ile aux Noix on November 14 , Major Carleton reported the raid had destroyed enough supplies for 12 , 000 men for a 4 - month campaign . This included 1 saw mill , 1 grist mill , 47 houses , 48 barns , 28 stacks of wheat and 75 stacks of hay . Over 80 head of cattle were captured and brought back to Quebec . Also 39 prisoners were taken to Saint - Jean - sur - Richelieu and 40 to Quebec City over land through northern Vermont by Indians . The only Continental Army units in the area were Whitcomb ' s Rangers at Rutland , Vermont and Seth Warner ' s Green Mountain Boys at Fort Edward . The raid had been expected by the American forces but the raid was so late in the year that almost all the forces had gone into winter quarters and were not in a position to stop the raid . The British losses during the raid were 1 man killed by a falling tree , 1 bateaux lost with 17 men on the lake on the return voyage to Ile aux Noix and 1 wounded at the fight at Moore ' s Mill . This raid was followed up in 1780 by multiple raids called the Burning of the Valleys , with Major Carleton leading a force down Lake Champlain again while Sir John Johnson lead a force in the Mohawk and Schoharie Valley , and Lieutenant Houghton leading a raid towards the Connecticut River in the Royalton Raid .
Ben Lockspeiser Sir Benjamin Lockspeiser KCB , FRS , MIMechE , FRAeS , ( 9 March 1891 – 18 October 1990 ) was a British scientific administrator and the first President of CERN . Lockspeiser was educated at the Grocers ' Company ' s School , Hackney , and Sidney Sussex College , Cambridge . He served as a private with the Royal Army Medical Corps at Gallipoli during the First World War . Lockspeiser became a chemist at the Royal Aircraft Establishment , Farnborough . During the Second World War he was promoted and worked on secret projects for the Admiralty . He was also at the Ministry of Aircraft Production , and supplied the spotlight altimeter method for the Dambusters raid . He became Deputy - Director . He was knighted in the 1946 New Year Honours list . By the 1950s he was Secretary at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Quote about the establishment of CERN . " Scientific research lives and flourishes in an atmosphere of freedom - freedom to doubt , freedom to enquire and freedom to discover . These are the conditions under which this new laboratory has been established . " Reference to an Automatic Computing Engine project is referenced in memos dated from 1950 at the Alan Turing Archive . Much is mentioned about his cancellation of the Miles M . 52 Supersonic Jet project when he was Director of Scientific Research . His pre - war interest in Communism made him the object of monitoring by the British secret service .
Abu Suwayr Air Base Abu Suwayr Air Base is an Egyptian Air Force ( , " " ) base , located approximately 17 km west of Ismailia ( Al Isma ` iliyah ) ; 116 km northeast of Cairo . It is positioned for strategic defenCe of the Suez Canal waterway . During World War II the airfield , then known as RAF Station Abu Sueir or Abu Sueir Airfield ( LG - 205 ) was used as a military airfield by the Royal Air Force of Britain and the American United States Army Air Force during the North African Campaign against Axis forces . USAAF Ninth Air Force units which used the airfield were : Today , the airfield is an active Egyptian Air Force Base . It ' s World War II configuration is still evident in aerial photography . It houses the 60th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the 262nd Tactical Fighter Wing , flying F - 16C / D Block 40s . ( Scramble . nl ) .
Joseph Bernard de Chabert Joseph Bernard , marquis de Chabert ( 28 February 1724 , Toulon - 1 December 1805 ) was a French sailor , geographer and astronomer . He marked himself out as a chef d ' escadre during French involvement in the American War of Independence and was promoted to vice admiral in 1792 . He was known above all for his scientific endeavours , notably in the rectification of naval charts of America ' s western coast and the coasts of the Mediterranean . He entered the Académie des sciences in 1758 and the Bureau des longitudes in 1803 . In 1785 , he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .
Bonosus ( usurper ) Bonosus was a Roman usurper . Born in Hispania , his father was from Britain and his mother from Gaul . He lost his Brythonic father , a rhetorician and a " teacher of letters " , early in life but his mother gave him a decent education . He had a distinguished military career , rising successively through the ranks and tribuneships , and an excellent service record when , stationed on the Rhine , the Germans managed to burn and destroy the fleet under his command . Fearful of the consequence he proclaimed himself Roman emperor ( ca . 281 ) at Cologne ( Colonia Agrippina ) jointly with Proculus . However , it did not save him from Probus , who after a lengthy and protracted struggle , managed to defeat him . Bonosus saw no way out and hanged himself . He left behind a wife and two sons who were treated with honour by Probus .
Lorraine K . Potter Lorraine K . Potter is a former Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force and was the first female chaplain in the United States Air Force . Biography . A native of Warwick , Rhode Island , Potter is an ordained Baptist minister . She is a graduate of Keuka College , Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School and Central Michigan University . Her husband , Robert , is also a former Air Force chaplain , who reached the rank of Colonel . Career . Potter initially inquired about serving as a military chaplain in 1972 . She sent a letter to the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force at the time , Roy M . Terry . The response stated that one of the qualifications for a chaplain in the Air Force was that they had to be male . Several weeks later , she received a letter stating that the Chief of Chaplains had dropped the gender requirement , and that if her church gave her an endorsement , it would be possible for her to become an Air Force chaplain . She received the endorsement and eventually was commissioned an officer in 1973 . In 1992 , while stationed at Bolling Air Force Base , she was promoted to Colonel . As was she the first female chaplain to reach that rank , then - Air Force Chief of Staff Merrill McPeak organized a special ceremony at The Pentagon to commemorate the occasion . From 1994 to 1995 , she served as Executive Director of the Armed Forces Chaplains Board before serving as Command Chaplain of the United States Air Forces in Europe . She also served as Command Chaplain at Headquarters Air Education and Training Command and briefly returned to Bolling Air Force Base before she was named Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force with the rank of Brigadier General in 1999 . In 2001 , she was promoted to Chief of Chaplains with the rank of Major General and held that position until her retirement in 2004 . Awards she has received include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , the Defense Meritorious Service Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Outstanding Unit Award , the Organizational Excellence Award with oak leaf cluster , the Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon and the Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon with oak leaf cluster .
K - 55 trailer The K - 55 trailer was a house trailer used by the U . S . Army Signal Corps during and after World War II . Specifications . The K - 55 trailer was built by two manufacturers , A . J . Miller and Oneonta Linn Corp . Its net weight was 8 , 200 lbs . It was equipped with electric brakes and had a fifth wheel type hitch . It had five windows and a door on each side . Usage . The K - 55 trailer was used to house the SCR - 572 or AN / TTQ - 1 , operations center , but was also used for message centers at division level .
No . 671 Squadron RAF No . 671 Squadron RAF was a glider squadron of the Royal Air Force active during the Second World War . History . 671 Squadron was formed at Bikram , Patna in India as a glider squadron on 1 January 1945 by renumbering No . 669 Squadron RAF , with the intention of being used for airborne operations by South East Asia Command . It continued to train , as part of No . 344 Wing RAF , until the surrender of Japan , when it became surplus to requirements . The squadron was disbanded at Kargi Road on 25 October 1945 . Present . The original squadron is represented today by 671 Squadron of 7 Regiment , Army Air Corps .
Caudron R . 11 The Caudron R . 11 was a French five - seat escort twin - engine biplane fighter aircraft developed and produced during World War I . Development . The R . 11 was originally intended to fulfill the French Corps d ' Armee reconnaissance category . Its design was similar to the Caudron R . 4 , but with a more pointed nose , two bracing bays outboard the engines rather than three , no nose - wheel , and a much larger tail . The engines were housed in streamlined nacelles just above the lower wing . Operational history . The French army ordered 1000 R . 11s . Production began in 1917 , with the first aircraft completed late in that year . In February 1918 the first Escadrille ( squadron ) R . 26 was equipped . The last escadrille to form before the Armistice ( and production ended abruptly ) was R . 246 , at which point 370 planes had been completed . Variants . The Caudron R . 12 was an experimental version of the R . 11 , with a larger engine . Development ended when the Caudron R . 14 variant appeared in August 1918 .
USS Violet ( 1862 ) USS " Violet " ( 1862 ) was a 166 - ton steamer acquired by the U . S . Navy for use during the American Civil War . " Violet " served the Navy in several ways : as a gunboat , as a tugboat , and as a torpedo boat . She served on the U . S . East Coast in the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America . Built in Brooklyn in 1862 . " Violet " — a wooden steam tug built as " Martha " in 1862 at Brooklyn , New York — was purchased by the Navy at New York City on 30 December 1862 for use during the American Civil War ; and was commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 29 January 1863 . Civil War operations . North Atlantic blockade operations . Soon after her commissioning , " Violet " was dispatched to Newport News , Virginia , for duty as a tugboat with the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron . On 27 March , she received orders to proceed to the blockade off Cape Fear Inlet , near Wilmington , North Carolina , and finally arrived for duty in early April after a storm off Cape Hatteras , North Carolina , had forced her return to Hampton Roads , Virginia , in a sinking condition on 28 March . While off Wilmington , the vessel performed double duty as both a tug and a blockader . On the night of 11 April , she chased and fired upon an unidentified steamer and , in the company of " Aries " , discovered the blockade - running British steamer " Ceres " aground and burning at the mouth of the Cape Fear River on 6 December . Tossing guns overboard to lighten ship . When " Ceres " floated free during the night , " Violet " seized her and extinguished the fire . " Violet " , herself , grounded on 20 December while attempting to refloat the Confederate blockade - running steamer " Antoniea " . She lay aground for two nights and a day ; and , at one time , salvagers feared she would become a total loss . However , after her guns had been heaved overboard , the vessel was refloated . Assigned as tug for Roanoke . Early in 1864 , " Violet " underwent repairs at the Norfolk Navy Yard , Virginia , and in April was assigned duty as a tug to the ironclad " Roanoke " off Newport News , Virginia . Her orders were to maintain a vigilant nighttime and foul weather guard over the ironclad and be prepared to tow the warship to safety or run down any enemy vessels in the event of a Confederate attack . She performed this task until 20 July , when she was fitted with a torpedo device and reassigned to her old blockade station off the Cape Fear River . There , on the night of 7 August , she ran aground while proceeding to her inshore station , close to the shoal off Western Bar , North Carolina . Violet purposely destroyed after grounding . Despite the efforts of both her crew and volunteers from other nearby vessels to float her off , the tides forced " Violet " harder aground . Finally , seeing that the situation was hopeless , " Violet ' s " captain and crew fired her magazine to prevent capture , and the vessel blew up on the morning of 8 August 1864 .
Rocca Sanvitale The Rocca Sanvitale , or Sanvitale Castle , is a fortress residence located in the centre of the town of Fontanellato , near Parma , northern Italy . Construction of the moat ed block , accessible through a drawbridge , was begun in the 13th century , mostly completed by 15th century , with embellishments continuing through to the 18th century . It is prototypical of the urban castle - houses of the turbulent medieval commune s of Northern Italy . Until the 1930s it was the home of the descendants of the Count of Sanvitale . The crenelated walls and asymmetric towers are surrounded by an arcaded town . Adjacent to the castle are gardens and a courtyard . The optical chamber ( camera ottica ) has an optical system in place that projects to an inside wall a view of the town through mirrors and a prism . Rocca Sanvitale is now partly a museum and partly offices and conference hall for the town administration . Inside are the frescoes of " Diane and Acteon " painted in 1523 - 24 by Parmigianino for the Count Galeazzo Sanvitale and his wife , Paola Gonzaga .
Battle of Svistov The Battle of Svistov was a battle of the Russo - Turkish War of 1877 – 1878 . It was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Imperial Russia on 26 June 1877 . It occurred when Russian general Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov crossed the Danube River in a fleet of small boats and attacked the Turkish fortress . The next day , Mikhail Skobelev attacked , forcing the Turkish garrison to surrender . In result , the Russian military became ready to attack Nikopol .
2nd Division ( Reichswehr ) The 2nd Division was a unit of the Reichswehr . Creation . In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army ( to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles ) , it was determined that in every " Wehrkreis " ( military district ) a division would be established by 1 October 1920 . The 2nd Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr - Brigaden 2 and 9 , both part of the former " Übergangsheer " ( Transition Army ) . It consisted of 3 infantry regiments , an artillery regiment , an engineering battalion , a signals battalion , a transportation battalion and a medical battalion . The commander of the Wehrkreis II was simultaneously the commander of the 2nd Division . The unit ceased to exist as such after October 1934 , and its subordinate units were transferred to one of the 21 Divisions newly created in that year . Garrisons . The divisional headquarters was in Stettin .
Choi Kwang Marshal Choi Kwang ( 1919 – February 1997 ) was a prominent military leader in North Korea . He was Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People ' s Army . He was also the Minister of People ' s Armed Forces between 1995 - 1997 . He died of a heart attack on February 21 , 1997 . He was one of three military officers in the North Korean Armed Forces who reached rank of Marshal with the title " Marshal of the Korean People ' s Army " .
SM UC - 61 SM " UC - 61 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 , laid down on 3 April 1916 , and was launched on 11 November 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 13 December 1916 as SM " UC - 61 " . In 5 patrols " UC - 61 " was credited with sinking 11 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 61 " was stranded north of Boulogne on 26 July 1917 . The U - boat ' s crew flooded and scuttle d their ship .
Driver and Mechanic Badge The Driver and Mechanic Badge is a military badge of the United States Army which was first created in July 1942 . The badge was originally referred to as the “ Motor Vehicle Badge ” and adopted its current title of Driver and Mechanic Badge during the Korean War . The Driver and Mechanic Badge is awarded to enlisted soldiers who have received training , and subsequent qualification , to operate or repair military motor vehicles . The badge is issued with a number of metal bars , suspended beneath the decoration , which denote the qualification received . The current bars which are issued to the Driver and Mechanic Badge are as follows : The Driver and Mechanic Badge is worn suspended beneath a service member ’ s standard decorations and to the wearer ' s right of any Weapons Qualification Badge s .
Georg Sattler Georg Sattler ( 14 April 1917 – 30 August 1944 ) was a German Luftwaffe pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Sattler and his crew of the Junkers Ju 88 ( " Werknummer " 330715 — factory number ) were killed during the takeoff for a relocation flight on 30 August 1944 at Melsbroek near Brussels , Belgium . A heavy gust of wind had caused the accident during the takeoff procedure . He was buried with full military honors at Evere near Brussels . He was posthumously awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross on 6 December 1944 .
Joint Intelligence Center A Joint Intelligence Center ( JIC ) is a focal point for military intelligence gathered by different intelligence agencies and administered by the Defense Intelligence Agency . The intelligence center of the joint force headquarters . The joint intelligence center is responsible for providing and producing the intelligence required to support the joint force commander and staff , components , task forces and elements , and the national intelligence community . There are Joint Intelligence Centers in the United States Central Command at Tampa , Florida , the United States Pacific Command in Hawaii , and in Europe . The Joint Analysis Center serves as a JIC for the United States European Command .