naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alcazaba of Málaga The Alcazaba is a palatial fortification in Málaga , Spain . It was built by the Hammudid dynasty in the early 11th century . This is the best - preserved " alcazaba " ( from the Arabic " al - qasbah " , قصبة , meaning " citadel " ) in Spain . Adjacent to the entrance of the Alcazaba are ruins of a Roman theatre dating to the 1st century BC , which are undergoing restoration . Some of the Roman era materials were reused in the Moorish construction of the Alcazaba . Ferdinand and Isabella captured Mālaqa from the Moors after the Siege of Málaga ( 1487 ) , one of the longest sieges in the Reconquista , and raised their standard at the " Torre del Homenaje " in the inner citadel . According to architect restorer , Leopoldo Torres Balbás , the Alcazaba of Málaga is the prototype of military architecture in the Taifa period , with its double walled and many fortifications . Its only parallel is the castle of Krak des Chevaliers in Syria . Layout . The Alcazaba of Málaga is built on a hill in the centre of the city , overlooking the port , and comprises two walled enclosures . It was formerly connected to the city ramparts which formed a third defensive wall but only two inner walls remain . The first , built around the topography of the hill , completely encloses the second inner area and is dotted with defensive towers . Outer citadel . The outer citadel entrance is through a gateway called " Puerta de la Bóveda " ( Vault Gate ) , but nowadays it can also be accessed by an elevator . The entrance gate doubles back on itself , a design intended to make progress difficult for attacking forces . The pathway winds up through gardens , with a number of elaborate fountain s , passing the gateways of " Puerta de las Columnas " ( Gate of the Columns ) , which reuses materials from the Roman ruins , and renamed " Torre del Cristo " ( Tower of Christ ) which turns at right angles to again impede the progress of attackers , The " Torre del Cristo " once served as a chapel . Inner citadel . The inner enclosure can only be accessed through the " Puerta de los Cuartos de Granada " ( Gate of the Granada Quarters ) which acts as the defence for the western side of the palace . On the eastern side is the " Torre del Homenaje " ( Tower of Tribute ) which is in a semi - ruinous state . Inside the second wall is the Palace and some other dwellings which were built on three consecutive " Andalusian patios " during the 11th , 13th and 14th centuries . They include the " Cuartos de Granada " ( Quarters of Granada ) which served as the home of the kings and governors .
Théophile Aube Hyacinthe Laurent Théophile Aube ( November 22 , 1826 in Toulon , Var - December 31 , 1890 in Toulon ) was a French admiral , who held several important governmental positions during the Third Republic . Aube served as Governor of Martinique between 1879 and 1881 , and as the French Minister of Marine from January 7 , 1886 to May 30 , 1887 . He was an ardent supporter of the " Jeune École " and he temporarily stopped construction work on several battleship s during his tenure as Minister of Marine .
Sidney E . Manning Sidney Earnest Manning ( July 17 , 1892 – December 15 , 1960 ) was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I . Biography . Manning was born in Butler County , Alabama on July 17 , 1892 and died December 15 , 1960 . He is buried in Little Escambia Cemetery Flomaton , Alabama . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Corporal , U . S . Army Company G , 167th Infantry , 42d Division . Place and date : Near Breuvannes , France , 28 July 1918 . Entering service at : Flomaton , Ala . Born : 17 July 1892 , Butler County , Ala . G . O . No . : 44 , W . D . , 1919 . Citation : When his platoon commander and platoon sergeant had both become casualties soon after the beginning of an assault on strongly fortified heights overlooking the Ourcq River , Cpl . Manning took command of his platoon , which was near the center of the attacking line . Though himself severely wounded he led forward the 35 men remaining in the platoon and finally succeeded in gaining a foothold on the enemy ' s position , during which time he had received more wounds and all but 7 of his men had fallen . Directing the consolidation of the position , he held off a large body of the enemy only 50 yards away by fire from his automatic rifle . He declined to take cover until his line had been entirely consolidated with the line of the platoon on the front when he dragged himself to shelter , suffering from 9 wounds in all parts of the body .
Umikaze - class destroyer The were a class of two destroyer s of the Imperial Japanese Navy . They were the first large destroyers designed for open ocean service to be built in Japan . Background . The " Umikaze " - class destroyers were designed after the Russo - Japanese War , as the Imperial Japanese Navy realized that the vessels in its current fleet of destroyers were too small and poorly designed for extended “ blue water ” operation . Two vessels were built , based largely on British designs , one at Maizuru Naval Arsenal and the other at the Mitsubishi shipyards in Nagasaki . Design . The " Umikaze " - class ships were based largely on the Royal Navy Tribal - class destroyers . In terms of displacement , each vessel was almost three times larger than the previous destroyers in the Japanese Navy . Externally , the design retained the four - smokestack s of the " Ikazuchi " class , however , internally the coal - fired triple expansion steam engines , were replaced with heavy oil - fired Parsons steam turbine engines , which was a first for Japan . The rated power of 20 , 500 shp gave the vessels a high speed of , however fuel consumption severely limited range . Armament was increased over the previous classes , with a pair of QF 4 . 7 inch Gun Mk I - IV guns , with one gun mounted on a small shelter forward and another on the quarterdeck and five QF 3 inch 12 pounder guns mounted staggered to port and starboard . The number of torpedo es was initially three in unreloadable tubes ; but this was quickly changed to two in reloadable tubes in operational service . Operational history . The " Umikaze " - class destroyers proved to be largely experimental ships . The use of Parsons steam turbines pushed the design to the limits of capability of contemporary engineering and production technology , and the engines were plagued with maintenance issues , as well as tremendous fuel consumption . In an effort to reduce running expenses and to increase range , the boilers were modified from all heavy oil to two heavy oil and four coal - fired boilers . Even with the modification , the " Umikaze " vessels were largely retained for coastal patrol duties . The " Umikaze " ships were rated at first - class destroyers on August 28 , 1912 , and served to June 1 , 1930 when both were converted to minesweepers . Both were subsequently scrapped in 1936 .
SM UB - 120 SM " UB - 120 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 23 March 1918 as SM " UB - 120 " . " UB - 120 " was surrendered to the British on 24 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany . She was broken up in Swansea in 1922 Construction . She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 23 February 1918 . " UB - 120 " was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 120 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 120 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 120 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Frances M . Vega SPC Frances M . Vega , also known as " That Girl Benitez " ( September 2 , 1983 – November 2 , 2003 ) , was the first female soldier of Puerto Rican descent to die in a combat zone in Operation Iraqi Freedom . Early years . Frances M . Vega ( maiden name : Frances Marie Benitez ) was born into a military family . Her father was a member of the United States Army stationed in San Francisco , California where Vega was born . After her father retired from the army the family moved and settled in Puerto Rico where she continued her education at Antilles High School and graduated in 2001 . Military service . Influenced by her military background and by the aftermath of the September 11 , 2001 attacks she enlisted in the Army . Here she met her future husband and was married . Vega was assigned to the 151st Adjutant General Postal Detachment 3 at Fort Hood , Texas . She was deployed to Iraq in what is known as the War on Terrorism . On November 2 , 2003 , a surface - to - air missile was fired by insurgent s in Al Fallujah and it hit the U . S . Chinook helicopter that Vega was in . She was one of 16 soldiers who lost their lives in the crash that followed . SPC Frances M . Vega was buried in the Section L , Row 0 , Site 7 of the Puerto Rico National Cemetery located in the city of Bayamon , Puerto Rico with full military honors and was posthumously awarded a Bronze Star for bravery and a Purple Heart Medal . Legacy . The post office on Camp Victory North , located in Baghdad , Iraq , was renamed the Frances M . Vega Army Post Office in a dedication ceremony in 2005 . Her name along with the others who have perished in Afghanistan and Iraq , was engraved in " El Monumento de la Recordación " ( Monument of Remembrance ) , dedicated to Puerto Rico ' s fallen soldiers and situated in front of the Capitol Building in San Juan , Puerto Rico and unveiled by Puerto Rico Senate President Kenneth McClintock and PR National Guard Adjutant General Col . David Carrión on Memorial Day , 2007 . The 1st gate at Fort Buchanan Army Base was named the SPC Frances M . Vega gate in her memory . Vega is also listed on the 13th Sustainment Command memorial , dedicated at Fort Hood , TX on Sept 17 , 2010 . She is listed # 4 of 106 total names of the soldiers who served with the 13th Sustainment Command ( formerly known as the 13th Corps Support Command ) . Awards and recognitions . Among SPC Frances M . Vega ' s decorations and medals were the following :
Cedar Creek Confederate order of battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Cedar Creek . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign . The Union order of battle is listed separately . Army of the Valley . LTG Jubal Anderson Early , Commanding
Władysław Wawrzyniak Władysław Wawrzyniak ( 15 May 1890 – 1940 ) was a Polish military commander , holding the rank of major . Władysław Wawrzyniak was born in 1890 in the Polish village Antonin in the German Province of Posen . He finished the Gymnasium in Ostrów ( Ostrowo ) and studied law at the Universities of Munich and Breslau ( Wrocław ) . He was an active participant in the events of the Republic of Ostrów and was given command of the newly formed First Polish Infantry Regiment which was formally sworn in on 13 November 1918 . A couple of weeks later the unit was disbanded under pressure from German authorities and those in Poznań . The soldiers of the First Regiment made their way to the territory of Second Polish Republic . Some of the weapons and ammunition were evacuated from Ostrów to Kalisz too . A new unit called " Oddzial Poznanski " was formed and Wawrzyniak was given command . Many soldiers of the disbanded First Regiment joined the unit which was renamed to Border Battalion in December . A month later , in January 1919 , Wawrzyniak took Ostrów again . During the Greater Poland Uprising he was the commander of the 7th district controlled by the insurgents , which included Ostrów Wielkopolski , Odolanów , Ostrzeszów , and Kępno . During the Second World War , he was imprisoned by the NKVD , held at the Kozelsk camp and then murdered in the Katyn massacre . Among other decorations he was also awarded with the Cross of Independence and the Order of Virtuti Militari . He wrote journal articles , among them " Zarys historii powstania w południowej części Księstwa Poznańskiego " ( A sketch of the history of the insurrection in the southern part of the Duchy of Poznań ) , published in 1922 in the periodical " Wolność " ( Freedom ) . A street in Ostrów Wielkopolski is named after him .
Commander - in - Chief , Land Forces Commander - in - Chief , Land Forces ( CINCLAND ) , was a senior officer in the British Army . CINCLAND commanded HQ Land Forces , an administrative apparatus that had responsibility for all of the army ' s fighting units in the United Kingdom ( excluding Northern Ireland ) , Germany and Brunei , together with training garrisons in Nepal , Belize , Canada and Kenya . CINCLAND was also the Standing Joint Commander ( UK ) ( SJC ( UK ) ) , with responsibility for the provision of Military Aid to Civil Power within the United Kingdom . The position had existed since 1968 , when it was known as General Officer Commanding Army Strategic Command . In 1972 it became Commander - in - Chief United Kingdom Land Forces ( CINCUKLF ) . As from 1 April 2008 , HQ Land Command was renamed HQ Land Forces ( HQLF ) . Therefore , the Commander - in - Chief became Commander - in - Chief of HQ Land Forces . CINCLAND headed the Commanders - in - Chief Committee , a body established for contingency planning purposes . The post changed to a three - star position , Commander Land Forces , after 1 November 2011 following a major army command reorganisation . General Officer Commanding , Army Strategic Command . Holders of the post have been : Commander - in - Chief , UK Land Forces . Holders of the post have been : Commander - in - Chief , Land Command . Holders of the post have been : Holders of the post have been :
8 . 8 cm KwK 43 The KwK 43 L / 71 ( " Kampfwagenkanone " — fighting vehicle cannon ) was an 8 . 8 cm calibre tank gun designed by Krupp and used by the German Wehrmacht , during the Second World War . It was the primary armament of the Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf . B " Tiger II " , and was the most powerful anti - tank gun to be put on a tank with a rotatable turret to reach service during World War II . The anti - tank gun version of this weapon was known as the PaK 43 . This name was also applied to versions of this weapon mounted in various armored vehicles such as the tank destroyers Jagdpanther , Hornisse / Nashorn and Ferdinand / Elefant . The Nashorn was the first vehicle to carry the KwK / PaK 43 series of guns . The series included : PaK 43 ( cruciform mount ) , PaK 43 / 41 ( two - wheel split - trail carriage ) , PaK 43 / 1 ( Nashorn ) , PaK 43 / 2 ( Ferdinand / Elefant ) , PaK 43 / 3 and 43 / 4 ( Jagdpanther ) and KwK 43 ( Tiger II ) . Design and development . At 6 . 24 m the barrel of the KwK 43 was over 1 . 3 meters longer than that of the 8 . 8 cm KwK L / 56 used for the Tiger I . The cartridge was also considerably taller ( at 822 mm ) and wider than that of the KwK36 , allowing for a much heavier propellant charge . All guns of the PaK / KwK 43 series could use the same ammunition . KwK 43 and PaK 43 ' s were at first manufactured with monobloc barrels , but due to the much higher muzzle velocity and operating pressures , barrel wear was an issue . As a result the design was later changed to that of a two - piece barrel . This had no effect on performance but made replacing a worn out barrel much faster and easier than before . The massively increased operating pressures of the new gun in turn also required a new armour piercing shell to be designed , one which could better cope with these higher pressures . This was to result in the PzGr . 39 / 43 APCBC - HE projectile , which apart from the addition of much wider driving bands was otherwise identical to the older 10 . 2 kilogram PzGr . 39 - 1 APCBC - HE projectile used by the 8 . 8 cm KwK36 and PaK43 guns . The wider driving bands resulted in a new increased weight of 10 . 4 kilograms for the PzGr . 39 / 43 . However up until the full transition to the new PzGr . 39 / 43 round was complete the older PzGr . 39 - 1 was used for the KwK & PaK 43 , but only provided the gun had been used for no more than 500 rounds . Over this , the expected barrel wear combined with the narrow driving bands could lead to a loss of pressure . The new PzGr . 39 / 43 could be fired without loss of pressure until the barrel was worn out , thus requiring no restriction . PzGr . 39 - 1 FES & Al all up weight : 10 . 2 kg ( 9 . 87 kg without fuze & bursting charge ) PzGr . 39 / 43 FES & Al all up weight : 10 . 4 kg ( 10 . 06 kg without fuze & bursting charge ) The same 278 gram BdZ 5127 fuze and 59 gram Amatol bursting charge was used for both types of projectiles ( PzGr . 39 - 1 & PzGr . 39 / 43 ) , requiring armoured targets of 30mm or thicker to ignite after penetration for maximum behind armour effects .
Thomas Ryan ( congressman ) Thomas Ryan ( November 25 , 1837 – April 5 , 1914 ) was a nineteenth - century politician and lawyer from Kansas . Biography . Born in Oxford , New York , Ryan moved to Bradford County , Pennsylvania with his parents , attended Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport , Pennsylvania , studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1861 . During the Civil War , he served in the Union Army from 1862 to 1864 , moved to Topeka , Kansas in 1865 and served as prosecuting attorney of Shawnee County , Kansas from 1865 to 1873 . Ryan was Assistant United States Attorney for Kansas from 1873 to 1877 , was elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1876 , serving from 1877 to 1889 and was appointed Ambassador to Mexico by President Benjamin Harrison in 1889 , serving until 1893 . He was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior by President William McKinley in 1897 , serving until 1907 when he was sent to Muskogee , Oklahoma as the personal resident representative of the Secretary of the Interior which he served as until his death in Muskogee on April 5 , 1914 . Ryan was interred in Topeka Cemetery in Topeka , Kansas .
Cv Barroso ( V - 34 ) The Cv Barroso ( designated as V - 34 ) is a corvette of the brazilian navy . Currently , the Barroso it ' s the only ship of his class . The name is in honor of the Admiral Francisco Manuel Barroso da Silva , the baron of Amazonas , that played a great role during the Battle of Riachuelo at the Paraguayan War . The Barroso was tested at sea at 2002 but only became operational in 2008 . It is unknown if the Brazilian Defense Ministry will order more ships of the Barroso class , but it ' s unlikely as the Brazilian DefMin plans to acquire a frigate to replace the classes Inhaúma and the Barroso . This frigate is likely to be the FREMM or the Type 26 .
Phung Thi Chinh Phùng Thị Chính was a Vietnamese noblewoman who fought alongside the Trưng sisters in order to repel Han invaders from Vietnam in 43 CE . She was pregnant at the time , and was in charge of protecting the central flank . Legend says she gave birth on the front lines and carried her newborn in one arm and a sword in the other as she fought to open the ranks of the enemy . When she learned that the Trưng sisters had committed suicide , she killed herself and her child .
USS Earl V . Johnson ( DE - 702 ) USS " Earl V . Johnson " ( DE - 702 ) was a of the United States Navy , named in honor of Lieutenant ( j . g . ) Earl V . Johnson ( 1913 – 42 ) , a naval aviator who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for " extraordinary heroism " during the Battle of the Coral Sea . " Earl V . Johnson " was launched on 24 November 1943 at the Defoe Shipbuilding Company , in Bay City , Michigan , sponsored by Mrs . Selma E . Johnson , mother of Lt . ( j . g . ) Johnson , and commissioned on 18 March 1944 , with Lieutenant Commander J . J . Jordy , USNR , in command . Between 23 May and 19 November 1944 , " Earl V . Johnson " made three voyages as convoy escort , guarding vital troops and supplies travelling from Norfolk to Casablanca and Bizerte . After training at Boston , Massachusetts , she joined the Pacific Fleet , calling at New York , Norfolk , the Panama Canal , Bora Bora in the Society Islands , and arriving at the giant fleet base at Manus , Admiralty Islands , on 22 January 1945 . " Earl V . Johnson " was assigned patrol duties in the Philippines , and guarded convoys plying between New Guinea and Leyte Gulf until 17 April 1945 . Supporting the invasion of Okinawa , now in full swing , and air strikes on Japan , she became invaluable in moving men and supplies to the advance bases at Kossol Roads and Ulithi . She departed Leyte on 25 July with an LST convoy bound for Okinawa . As she returned , on 4 August , a sonar contact developed into a 3 - hour duel with a submarine , which damaged " Earl V . Johnson " but ended favorably with an underwater explosion and a plume of white smoke . With hostilities ended , " Earl V . Johnson " arrived at Okinawa on 4 September , and a week later , began the occupation of Jinsen and Taku , piloting vessels , guarding against submarines , and spotting and destroying mine s . She departed Buckner Bay , Okinawa , on 8 November 1945 , arriving at Boston on 15 December . She was placed out of commission in reserve at Jacksonville , Florida , on 18 June 1946 . " Earl V . Johnson " was stricken from the Navy Register on 1 May 1967 , and sold on 3 September 1968 .
Guy François Guy André François was a colonel of the armed forces of Haiti . At the height of his military career François commanded the elite Dessalines Battalion . François was accused twice of conspiring to overthrow the government of Haiti , in 1989 and in 2001 . After the 1989 accusation , François fled to Venezuela , but would eventually be allowed to return to Haiti . He was arrested , convicted and spent two years in prison for his involvement in the 2001 coup attempt on the government of then president Jean - Bertrand Aristide . On September 14 , 2006 Guy François ' body was discovered in his car in Pétionville , the wealthy suburb of Port - au - Prince in which he lived . François was married to Marie Alice and a daughter , Sabine Carre . Guy François ' brother is Dr . M . Rony François , who is the health secretary for Florida .
13th U - boat Flotilla The 13th U - boat Flotilla ( German " 13 . Unterseebootsflottille " ) was a World War II U - Boat unit of the German " Kriegsmarine " stationed in Trondheim , Norway . The emblem of the unit was a cross with a Viking ship in the middle . History . In 1941 , construction of the DORA 1 submarine base started in Trondheim . Two years later , in June 1943 , it was handed over to the flotilla commander , " Korvettenkapitän " ( later " Fregattenkapitän " ) Rolf Rüggeberg . The 13th submarine flotilla was a front line unit , and a total of 55 Type VIIC and VIIC / 41 served with it until the end of the war in May 1945 .
Battle of Grynau The Battle of Grynau in 1337 was a the concluding battle in the Grynau war between the Old Swiss Confederacy and its Imperial city Zurich against a noble army under the leadership of Count Johann I of Hasburg - Laufenburg . The result was a Zurich victory .