naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Castilian Civil War The ( First ) Castilian Civil War lasted three years from 1366 to 1369 . It became part of the larger conflict then raging between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France : the Hundred Years ' War . It was fought primarily in the Kingdom of Castile and its coastal waters between the local and allied forces of the reigning king , Peter , and his illegitimate brother Henry of Trastámara over the right to the crown . Causes . Peter was called by his supporters " The Just " and by his detractors " The Cruel " . To the higher ranks of the nobility , he was a tyrant , forcing the royal will on hitherto free men . He had greatly extended the royal authority and had entered into a war with Aragon ( called " The War of the Two Peters " ) . His illegitimate brother Henry quickly obtained the support of not only the upper noblesse , but France , Aragon , and the Papacy . In 1366 , he officially deposed his brother as king of Castile , León , Toledo , and Seville and had himself proclaimed king in the monastery of Las Huelgas . Conflict . In 1366 , Henry , then living in France , assembled a large army , with both French and Aragonese components and English mercenaries , at Montpellier and invaded Castile with the support of the kings of France and Aragon ( Charles V and Peter IV respectively ) . He successfully forced Peter to flee . Peter fled to Bayonne , a city in English - held Gascony . There , he petitioned Edward , the Black Prince , for aid and , in exchange for lands in Castile , received it . With English troops led by the prince , he returned to Castile and reasserted his royal power in 1367 , forcing Henry to return to France after the successful Battle of Nájera ( Navarette ) . He refused , however , to make good on his dealings with the English and his allies , including the Prince of Wales himself , soon left . In 1368 , Henry and Charles of France signed the Treaty of Toledo whereby the Castilians lent a fleet in the Bay of Biscay to the French in return for military aid on land . Henry reentered Castile in 1369 and murdered Peter at the Battle of Campo de Montiel . He was acclaimed Henry II and immediately solidified his rule by removing Jews from high office . Castile became , at this time , a stern ally of the French in their ongoing wars .
301st Air Refueling Squadron The 301st Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 301st Air Refueling Wing , stationed at Lockbourne AFB , Ohio . It was inactivated on 31 December 1975 . The squadron performed air refueling in support of USAF operations on a worldwide basis . The squadron was one of the first Strategic Air Command air refueling squadrons established in 1949 ; inactivated in 1962 with the phaseout of the propeller - driven KC - 97 from SAC . Reactivated briefly in the early 1970s as a KC - 135A squadron . In 1985 the squadron was consolidated with several others . The World War II 301st Transport Squadron , giving the unit a wartime heritage , being an Air Transport Command airlift squadron , stationed at Sookerating Airport in the Assam Valley of India during 1943 . It operated C - 47 transports flying " The Hump " route from India to China . Lineage . On 19 Sep 1985 the 301st Air Refueling Squadron was consolidated with the 301st Transport Squadron , a unit that was last active 01 Dec 1934 , and the 322d Transport Squadron ( Cargo & Mail ) , a unit that was disbanded on 09 Apr 1934 . Thia action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF / MPM 662q Attachment 2 ( Inactive Units ) , 19 Sep 1985 . The Consolidated Unit will retain the Designation of 301st Air Refueling Squadron , Heavy " . Assignments . Aircraft flown :
R - 26 ( missile ) The R - 26 was a second - generation intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM ) designed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War . Control system of it was designed at NPO " Electropribor " ( Kharkiv , Ukraine ) . The missile was mistakenly identified as an R - 9 Desna and given the NATO reporting name SS - 8 Sasin . Within the Soviet Union , it carried the GRAU index 8K66 . Development . Design of the R - 26 was initiated to develop a light liquid propellant powered ICBM . Designs received approval in 1960 , but prior to flight tests were cancelled by the government in 1962 . The missile was revealed during a Red Square parade , where it was misidentified as an R - 9 Desna . However , the program had already been cancelled and the error was not rectified .
USS Dlonra ( SP - 66 ) USS " Dlonra " ( SP - 66 ) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 until after the end of World War I . Little is known about " Dlonra " . She was a private motorboat of the same name when the U . S . Navy acquired her for World War I service as a patrol vessel in 1917 and commissioned her as USS " Dlonra " ( SP - 66 ) . " Dlonra " was attached to the 1st Naval District and performed patrol duty in the area of Portland , Maine . In 1918 she was shipped to France where for the remainder of the war she served as a transport tender . Records of " Dlonra " s status after the end of World War I on 11 November 1918 are lacking . Presumably she was decommissioned and disposed of — perhaps sold or returned to her owner — in late 1918 or 1919 , as was the case with most of the many private craft that went into U . S . Navy service as patrol boat s during World War I .
Eamon Broy Colonel Eamon Broy ( or Edward Broy , often called Ned Broy ) ( 1887 – 1972 ) was successively a member of the Dublin Metropolitan Police , the Irish Republican Army , the National Army , and the Garda Síochána of the Irish Free State . He served as Commissioner of Gardaí from February 1933 to June 1938 . During the Irish War of Independence ( 1919 – 21 ) , Broy was a double agent within the Dublin Metropolitan Police ( DMP ) , with the rank of Detective Sergeant ( DS ) . He worked as a clerk inside G Division , the intelligence branch of the DMP . While there he copied sensitive files for IRA leader Michael Collins and passed many of these files on to Collins through Thomas Gay , the librarian at Capel Street Library . On 7 April 1919 , Broy smuggled Collins into G Division ' s archives in Great Brunswick Street ( now Pearse Street ) , enabling him to identify " G - Men " , six of whom would be killed by the IRA . Broy supported the Anglo - Irish Treaty of 1921 and joined the National Army during the Irish Civil War , reaching the rank of Colonel . In 1925 , he left the Army and joined An Garda Siochana . Broy ' s elevation to the post of Commissioner came when Fianna Fáil replaced Cumann na nGaedheal as the government . Other more senior officers were passed over as being too sympathetic to the outgoing party . In 1934 Broy oversaw the creation of the " The Auxiliary Special Branch " of the Garda . This was formed mainly of hastily - trained anti - Treaty IRA veterans . It was nicknamed the " Broy Harrier s " by Broy ' s opponents ; a pun on the Bray Harriers athletics club . It was used first against the quasi - Fascist Blueshirts , and later against the diehard holdouts of the IRA , now set against former comrades . The " Broy Harriers " nickname persisted into the 1940s , though Broy himself was no longer in command , and for the bodies targeted by the unit was a highly abusive term , still applied by radical Irish republican s to the Garda Special Branch ( now renamed the Special Detective Unit ) . The Broy Harriers engaged in several controversial shootings , which resulted in death . They shot dead a protesting farmer called Lynch in Cork . See Senate Debates - 1934 . They were detested by sections of the farming community . In light of this latter history , their name is often used in reference to individuals or groups who attempt to disrupt modern - day Irish Republicans , for example the remnants of the Provisional IRA . Broy was President of the Olympic Council of Ireland from 1935 to 1950 . Film / Book fictionalisation . Neil Jordan ' s film " Michael Collins " ( 1996 ) inaccurately depicts Broy ( played by actor Stephen Rea ) as having been discovered , tortured and killed by the British . In addition , G Division was based not in Dublin Castle , as indicated in the film , but in Great Brunswick Street . Collins had a different agent in the Castle , David Neligan . Broy also mentioned and makes an appearance in Michael Russell ' s detective story " The City of Shadows " , set partly in Dublin in the 1930s . Published by HarperCollins in 2012 .
Torpedo boat tender The torpedo boat tender was a type of warship developed at the end of the 19th century to help bring small torpedo boat to the high seas , and launch them for attack . During the Turko - Russian war in 1877 , the Russians requisitionned 19 trade vessels to convert them as torpedo boat tenders . " Velikiy Knyaz Konstantin " was the first historical vessel in this new ship class . She was captained by Stepan Makarov , who was major naval engineer , early practitioner of torpedo usage and the author of concept of torpedo boat tender . On 14 January 1878 , Makarov performed the first successful attack by self - propelled torpedoes in history . The Turkish ship " Intibah " was destroyed by torpedo boats launched from " Velikiy Knyaz Konstantin " . In 1878 , the British Navy commissioned the " Hecla " as a torpedo boat tender , followed by HMS Vulcan ( 1889 ) . The 1896 French ship " Foudre " was a torpedo boat tender , before it was converted to a seaplane carrier . During World War II , the type evolved and in the US adopted the designation of Motor torpedo boat tender ( AGP , or " Patrol Craft Tender " , according to the United States Navy hull classification system ) .
Emory Jenison Pike Emory Jenison Pike ( December 18 , 1876 – November 16 , 1918 ) was a United States Army officer during World War I who earned the Medal of Honor for his actions at Vandieres , France on September 15 , 1918 . An 1901 graduate of West Point , and the only West Point graduate to be awarded the Medal of Honor during World War I , Pike was a Lieutenant Colonel at Vandieres . His daughter was presented his Medal of Honor after the war . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Having gone forward to reconnoiter new machinegun positions , Lt . Col . Pike offered his assistance in reorganizing advance infantry units which had become disorganized during a heavy artillery shelling . He succeeded in locating only about 20 men , but with these he advanced and when later joined by several infantry platoons rendered inestimable service in establishing outposts , encouraging all by his cheeriness , in spite of the extreme danger of the situation . When a shell had wounded one of the men in the outpost , Lt . Col . Pike immediately went to his aid and was severely wounded himself when another shell burst in the same place . While waiting to be brought to the rear , Lt . Col . Pike continued in command , still retaining his jovial manner of encouragement , directing the reorganization until the position could be held . The entire operation was carried on under terrific bombardment , and the example of courage and devotion to duty , as set by Lt . Col . Pike , established the highest standard of morale and confidence to all under his charge . The wounds he received were the cause of his death .
Department of the Navy Central Adjudication Facility The Department of the Navy Central Adjudication Facility ( DoN CAF ) , a Naval Criminal Investigative Service ( NCIS ) organization , is responsible for determining who within the Department of the Navy is eligible to hold a security clearance , to have access to Sensitive Compartmented Information ( SCI ) , or to be assigned to sensitive duties . The aggregate body of DoN personnel consists of Active Duty and Reserve components of the United States Navy and Marine Corps , as well as civilians and contractors . In addition , DoN CAF makes SCI eligibility determinations for select contractor personnel . Collateral clearance determinations for contractor personnel are established by DISCO ( Defense Industrial Service Clearance Office ) . DoN CAF also maintains an extensive database of its security decisions and provides overall operational support to the Navy ’ s personnel security program . Adjudication is the review and consideration of all available information to ensure an individual ’ s loyalty , reliability , and trustworthiness are such that entrusting an individual with national security information or assigning an individual to sensitive duties is clearly in the best interest of national security . Their mission is to provide customer service , adjudication , and implement strategies for the DoN Personnel Security Program .
Comentiolus ( brother of Phocas ) Comentiolus or Komentiolos ( ; died 610 / 611 ) was the brother of the Byzantine emperor Phocas ( r . 602 – 610 ) . Nothing is known of his early life except that he was the son of Domentzia , along with Phocas and the later " magister officiorum " Domentziolus . Raised by Phocas to the rank of " patricius " and the post of " magister militum " , he was in charge of the Byzantine Empire ' s eastern army facing the Sassanid Persians when Phocas was overthrown and executed by Heraclius ( r . 610 – 641 ) in 610 . Comentiolus refused to acknowledge Heraclius ' s accession , and , bringing back the troops to winter quarters at Ancyra , he planned to attack Constantinople and avenge the deaths of his brothers Phocas and Domentziolus . Heraclius pardoned his nephew , the son of Domentziolus ( also named Domentziolus ) , and sent the respected former general Philippicus as an envoy . Comentiolus imprisoned Philippicus and threatened to have him executed , but was himself assassinated by the " patricius " Justin ( late 610 or 611 ) . The rebellion , and with it a serious threat to Heraclius ' s still shaky hold on power , died with him .
Robert Bruce McCoy Robert Bruce McCoy ( September 5 , 1867 — January 5 , 1926 ) was a General in the National Guard in the early 20th century . He is most well known for having Fort McCoy , Wisconsin , formerly Camp McCoy , named after him . Biography . McCoy was born September 5 , 1867 in Kenosha , Wisconsin to Bruce Elisha McCoy . Not long after his birth his family moved to the town of Lafayette , in Monroe County , where his father worked in the milling industry . In 1876 , the mill property where his father worked was flooded and the family moved to Sparta in order to continue the milling business . While attending high school Robert McCoy was an athlete , distinguishing himself as a leader in school activities graduating from Sparta High School in 1887 . After graduating from high school he entered the University of Wisconsin , and made the varsity ball $ 2 $ 3 team in his first year . In 1890 he left college to play semi - professional baseball at Ashland , Wisconsin , later returning to the University of Wisconsin as captain of the varsity baseball team . Politics . In 1891 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin Law School and was admitted to the bar . A Democrat , in 1897 , McCoy was elected Monroe County Court Judge , where he served for 16 years . In 1920 , he was elected Mayor of Sparta ; he was nominated for Governor of Wisconsin , in 1920 , but lost . Military service . McCoy ' s career with the Wisconsin Army National Guard began in the mid - 1890s and continued until his death . He served in the Spanish - American War and the Villa Expedition . At the start of World War I he was commander of the 4th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment , which he led in France as a Colonel after it was federalized as the 128th Infantry . After World War I he was instrumental in organizing the 32nd Division Association and served as its founding president . On December 20 , 1920 , he was commissioned a Brigadier General and assigned to command the 64th Infantry Brigade . In 1924 he was promoted to Major General as commander of the 32nd Infantry Division ( the Red Arrow Division ) . Among his awards for valor was the Distinguished Service Medal and the French Croix de Guerre . Founding of Fort McCoy . Following his Spanish - American war service McCoy decided to take the lead in creating a post near Sparta which would be suitable for training Artillery units . He began by buying small tracts and leasing them for grazing , with the proceeds going to finance additional land purchases . One part of the McCoy ' s land purchases was known as the Sparta Maneuver Tract , with the portion of that tract north of the Chicago , Milwaukee , St . Paul and Pacific Railroad tracks called Camp Upton , named for Emory Upton . Another , separate parcel of the land McCoy purchased was called Camp Robinson , named for William W . Robinson , a resident of Sparta who commanded the Iron Brigade in the American Civil War . Death and legacy . McCoy died January 5 , 1926 from pernicious anemia . In November of that year the Army National Guard post he worked to create was renamed to Fort McCoy in his honor . Army Distinguished Service Medal citation . Citation :
Edward Fuller Edward Canfield Fuller ( September 4 , 1893 – June 12 , 1918 ) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and the son of General Ben Hebard Fuller . Biography . Born in Hamilton , Virginia , Fuller was a member of the Naval Academy class of 1916 , and was commissioned in the Marine Corps upon graduation . Captain Fuller was killed in action in the Battle of Belleau Wood in France June 12 , 1918 during World War I . According to his citation he died while fearlessly exposing himself in an artillery barrage in order to get his men into a safer position . He was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by the Army for his selfless sacrifice for his men . Namesake . The destroyer USS " Fuller " ( DD - 297 ) was named for him .
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs In the United States , the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs or ASD ( ISA ) is the principal advisor to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy ( USD ( P ) ) and the United States Secretary of Defense on international security strategy and policy on issues of Department of Defense ( DoD ) interest related to the governments and defense establishments of the nations and international organizations of Europe ( including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ) , the Middle East , and Africa . The ASD ( ISA ) also oversees security cooperation programs and foreign military sales programs in these regions . Despite the broad title of the offce , the ASD ( ISA ) does not develop policy related to Asia , the Pacific region , Latin America , or South America . Responsibilities . According to a description provided by the Office of the USD ( P ) , the ASD ( ISA ) shall : Office holders . The table below includes both the various titles of this post over time , as well as all the holders of those offices . Structure . This office can trace its roots back to the early days of the modern national security establishment . It was created in 1949 , two years after the National Security Act established the Department of Defense . The ASD ( ISA ) is supported by four Deputy Assistant Secretaries ( DASDs ) , each with coverage of a different region . The DASDs manage " principal directors " who in turn oversee " country directors " with more narrow geographic portfolios : The ASD ( ISA ) also oversees the DoD representative in the U . S . Mission to NATO , and the DoD representative to the Organization for Security and Co - operation in Europe . DASDs are appointed by the Secretary of Defense . Some are appointed from civilian life , while others are career defense officials . Once at the DASD level , the latter are considered a part of the DoD Senior Executive Service . The ASD ( ISA ) is also supported by a Principal Deputy , or PDASD , who helps manage the day - to - day operations of the four DASDs and the NATO rep . Deputy Assistant Secretaries of Defense Reporting to the ASD ( ISA ) . The list below details the current DASDs in this office . See also . Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Asian and Pacific Security Affairs Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Americas ' Security Affairs
Battle of Pryor Creek The Battle of Pryor Creek was an 1861 battle just north of Pryor , Montana between the Sioux and Crow Native American tribes . The battle began near Sheridan , Wyoming . The Crow heard a rumor that the Sioux , Cheyenne and Arapaho were going to attack a Crow village on the Tongue River . The Crow fled northwest , but the attackers caught up with them at Arrow Creek . Arrow Creek was difficult to cross – a very defensible position . It was one of the largest battles the Crow ever fought , as they had to fight for their nation ' s existence .
Frederick A . Lyon Frederick A . Lyon ( June 25 , 1843 – September 23 , 1911 ) was a soldier in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : corporal , Company A , 1st Vermont Cavalry . Place and date : At Cedar Creek , Va . , October 19 , 1864 . Entered service at : Burlington , Vt . Born : June 25 , 1843 , Williamsburg , Mass . Date of issue : November 26 , 1864 . Citation : With 1 companion , captured the flag of a Confederate regiment , 3 officers , and an ambulance with its mules and driver . The companion mentioned in his citation was private James Sweeney , who also received the Medal of Honor . One of the captured officers was the mortally wounded general Stephen Dodson Ramseur , who died the next day . Lyon was sent to Washington , D . C . with the captured Confederate battle flag . He was personally introduced to Secretary of War Edwin M . Stanton by General George Custer . Stanton personally presented the Medal of Honor to Lyon , who was also promoted to sergeant .
Gensui ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The term " gensui " , which was used for both the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy , was at first a rank held by Saigō Takamori as the Commander of the Armies in 1872 . However in May 1873 Saigō was " demoted " to general , with " gensui " thereafter no longer a rank as such , but a largely honorific title awarded for extremely meritorious service to the Emperor - thus similar in concept to the French title of Marshal of France . While " gensui " would retain their actual ranks of general or admiral , they were entitled to wear an additional enamelled breast badge , depicting paulownia leaves between crossed army colors and a naval ensign under the Imperial Seal of Japan . They were also entitled to wear a special samurai sword ( " katana " ) of a modern design on ceremonial occasions . In the Meiji period , the title was awarded to five generals and three admirals . In the Taishō period it was awarded to six generals and six admirals , and in the Shōwa period it was awarded to six generals and four admirals . The higher title of " dai gensui " was comparable to the title of " generalissimo " . Note that several were promoted the same year they died ; these were posthumous promotions .
44th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 44th ( Philippine Scout ) Infantry Regiment ( 44th INF ( PS ) ) was part of USAFFE ' s Philippine Division during World War II . History of the 44th Infantry Regiment . The 44th Infantry Regiment was formed in 1921 and it became a Philippine Scout unit and joined the Philippine Division . In 1922 , the unit was deactivated . The Philippine Division , now redesignated the 12th Infantry Division ( PS ) , was reactivated in 1946 , along with its component units , primarily to compensate for the demobilization of American army units . The 44th Infantry Regiment ( PS ) was reformed for occupation duty on Okinawa and inactivated in 1947 .