naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Sugath Chandrasiri Bandara Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Sugath Chandrasiri Bandara ( ; died 3 February 2009 ) was a Sri Lanka Army soldier . He served with the army ' s elite Special Forces Regiment during Eelam War IV , the final stage of the Sri Lankan Civil War . Chandrasiri Bandara received the Parama Weera Vibhushanaya , Sri Lanka ' s highest military award for gallantry , for thwarting a suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( commonly known as LTTE or Tamil Tigers ) against the army at the cost of his own life . Early life and education . Chandrasiri Bandara was born and raised in Bibile , a town in the Monaragala District . He later married his wife , Mangalika , and moved to Ratmalana . The couple had one daughter . Career . Action on 3 February 2009 . By early February 2009 , the Sri Lankan military had confined the Tamil Tigers to a small area around Puthukkudiyiruppu . On 3 February , the Tamil Tigers launched an attack , pushing back the army ' s Task Force 4 ( later 64th Division ) . Units of the 2nd Special Forces were called in to halt this attack . At the time , Chandrasiri Bandara was serving as a corporal in this unit . The Tamil Tigers sent an explosive laden armour - plated truck against the Special Forces , in an attempted suicide attack . Small arms fire was ineffective against the vehicle , and Chandrasiri Bandara , who was armed with a RPG - 7 rocket launcher , went forward to engage it . Although he fired a rocket at the vehicle , it failed to detonate and he was forced to reload . By this time , the vehicle was too close for Chandrasiri Bandara to fire the RPG safely without getting caught in the blast himself . However , he promptly fired at the truck for the second time . The rocket penetrated through the armour plating and detonated , blowing up the explosive - laden vehicle . The explosion killed Chandrasiri Bandara , but the majority of the group of soldiers targeted by the suicide attack were saved . Legacy . Recognition . Chandrasiri Bandara was posthumously promoted to the rank of Sergeant . He was also recommended for the Parama Weera Vibhushanaya for his actions , and on 16 May 2012 , the Defence Secretary announced in The Sri Lanka Gazette that Chandrasiri Bandara and 14 others would receive the medal . President Mahinda Rajapaksa presented the medal to his next - of - kin on 19 May 2012 , the third anniversary of the end of the war . Chandrasiri Bandara was the fourth recipient of the medal from the Special Forces . In the citation for his Parama Weera Vibhushanaya , he is commended for his actions in the face of imminent death , " without any retreating to defend his own life and with the intention of safeguarding the lives of his comrades " . His name , along with other recipients from the regiment , is engraved on a special monumental plaque at their Brigade Headquarters in Vavuniya .
Ludwig Steeg Ludwig Steeg ( 22 December 1894 – 6 September 1945 ) , German Nazi politician , was appointed City President ( Lord Mayor ) of Berlin from 1939 to 1945 . Biography . Steeg was born in Ottweiler , Saarland , the son of a teacher . As a young man he moved to Berlin and gained a junior post in the city administration . In World War I he served in the infantry , becoming a second lieutenant . Returning to Berlin in 1919 , he rejoined the administration and was among other things responsible for city ' s cleaning services . He joined the Nazi Party in 1933 , and thus gained rapid promotion as the majority of Berlin ' s civil servants who were loyal to the Social Democrats were removed from office . He became deputy to Julius Lippert , the State Commissioner of Berlin , who also held the traditional title of Oberbürgermeister . The real power in Berlin under the Nazis was , however , the Gauleiter ( party regional leader ) , Joseph Goebbels , and in 1940 he persuaded Hitler to dismiss Lippert , who he believed had become a rival to his authority . Steeg , a loyal nonentity , was appointed in his place , " for lack of anyone better , " as Goebbels put it . Steeg became Oberbürgermeister and Stadtpräsident ( head of the city ) . As Lord Mayor Steeg was responsible , under Goebbels , for the city ' s budget , traffic , building regulations , schools , youth facilities and health services . All these came under increasing strain as World War II went on , partly because of the inexperience of the Nazi loyalists who had been placed on responsible jobs following the removal of experienced but politically unreliable officials , and partly because of the increasing shortage of staff as a result of wartime conscription . Steeg was also responsible for preparing Berlin for the air - raids which were widely expected , and which began to occur with increasingly frequency and severity from 1943 . He prepared plans for the production and distribution of food , the construction of shelters and the evacuation of women and children . About a million people were evacuated : even so , between 1943 and 1945 50 , 000 Berliners were killed in air - raids . He performed these tasks competently but did not exercise a public leadership role . This was exercised by Goebbels , who in 1944 took over the office of Stadtpräsident from Steeg . During the last months of the war Steeg was eclipsed by Goebbels in preparing the defences of Berlin against the approaching Red Army . He does not seem to have played any significant role in these events : he is not mentioned in any of the histories of Berlin at this time , such as Cornelius Ryan ' s " The Last Battle " or Anthony Reid and David Fisher ' s " The Fall of Berlin " . Nevertheless , his post as Oberbürgermeister made him the symbolic head of the capital of the German Reich . When the city surrendered to the Soviet forces on 2 May 1945 , he was arrested and taken to a Soviet internment camp , where he died in unexplained circumstances in September .
Siege of Hachigata ( 1568 ) The first siege of Hachigata took place in 1568 ; Takeda Shingen laid siege to the castle , which was controlled by Hōjō Ujikuni , but was unable to capture it . Shingen then moved south to besiege Takiyama castle , on his way to the Hōjō capital of Odawara .
Ronald Lewin Ronald Lewin ( 1914 – 1984 ) , full name George Ronald Lewin , was a British military historian , radio producer and publishing editor . He was educated at Heath School , Halifax and Oxford University where he was a Hastings Scholar and Goldsmiths ’ Exhibitioner . He was an editorial assistant at Jonathan Cape from 1937 , and served in the Royal Artillery in North Africa and Northwest Europe 1939 - 45 . He was in the BBC Home service 1946 - 1965 , going from producer in 1946 to Chief in 1963 . He was then an editor at Hutchinson Publishing from 1963 to 1969 . He wrote several books on World War II and commanders e . g . Rommel , Montgomery , Vyvyan Pope , Wavell and Slim ( " Slim the Standard - Bearer " received the WH Smith Literary Award ) . He wrote two books on Ultra ( Europe ) and The Other Ultra ( Japan ) .
Mark E . Anderson Mark E . Anderson is a Brigadier General in the National Guard of the United States and Assistant Adjutant General of the Army in Wisconsin . Biography . Anderson graduated from the University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point in 1986 . He currently lives in Wisconsin Rapids , Wisconsin . Career . Anderson enlisted in the United States Army Reserve in 1983 . Later he would transfer to the Wisconsin Army National Guard and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant . He later attended Army Command and General Staff College and United States Army War College . Aside from his service in Wisconsin , Anderson also serves as Deputy Commanding General for Army National Guard , Field Artillery Center at Fort Sill . His services have also included a tour of duty in the Iraq War . Awards Anderson has received include the Bronze Star Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Army Commendation Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Army Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal with one silver and one bronze oak leaf cluster , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Iraq Campaign Medal with two service stars , the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , the Joint Meritorious Unit Award with oak leaf cluster , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with hourglass device and mobilization device , and the Combat Action Badge . He is also a recipient of the Order of Saint Maurice and a member of the Order of Saint Barbara .
Audita tremendi Audita tremendi was a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory VIII on October 29 , 1187 , calling for the Third Crusade . It was issued just days after Gregory had succeeded Urban III as pope , in response to the defeat of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin on July 4 of 1187 . Jerusalem itself had fallen to Saladin on October 2 ( see Siege of Jerusalem ) , but news of this had not yet reached Europe by the time the bull was issued at the end of the month . As with other papal bulls , " Audita tremendi " takes its common title from the first few words of text , which do not necessarily make any grammatical sense on their own . The first line of the bull reads " Audita tremendi severitate judicii , quod super terram Jerusalem divina manus exercuit . . . " , in English " On hearing with what severe and terrible judgement the land of Jerusalem has been smitten by the divine hand . . . " ( the phrase " audita severitate " is a Latin grammatical construction known as ablative absolute ) . The text follows the same format as " Quantum praedecessores " , the bull calling for the Second Crusade in 1145 . It focuses specifically on the loss of Jerusalem and points to the sins of the Latin States as the reason for this great loss . As a result the people of Latin Christendom must repent for their sins . The bull offered a plenary indulgence , and offered church protection for the property of those who undertook the journey ; thus through this logic the bull draws the conclusion that , due to the sins of the west , Jerusalem fell , and now the people of the west must repent by going on a crusade to recapture the kingdom .
Bruce Kinloch Bruce Kinloch MC ( 27 August 1919 – 21 June 2011 ) was a British army officer , wildlife conservation leader and author . He was born at Saharanpur in India and educated at Berkhamsted School in England . Military career . Kinloch was commissioned into the 3rd Queen Alexandra ' s Own Gurkha Rifles after leaving Sandhurst in 1939 , fought with them in Burma and on the Northwest Frontier , and won the Military Cross for his part in Battle of Sittang River Bridge in 1942 . At the age of twenty - five , he commanded a battalion . Conservation career . In 1947 , Kinloch joined the Colonial Administrative Service , first as a Game Ranger on the Kilifi Coast of Kenya . He was Chief Game Warden in the Uganda Game and Fisheries Department for ten years ; in 1960 he became Chief Game Warden of Tanganyika , a post he held until 1964 . Later , he became the Chief Game Warden in Malawi . Kinloch also founded the College of African Wildlife Management on the slopes of Kilimanjaro which has trained thousands of game wardens . Later life . Kinloch wrote several non fiction books . Among these are " Sauce for the Mongoose " 1965 and " The Shamba Raiders " 1972 , which was reprinted in 1988 and again in 2004 . Major Kinloch lived with his wife Elizabeth at Scotch Firs in Fownhope , Herefordshire .
Goose Van Schaick Goose Van Schaick ( September 5 , 1736 – July 4 , 1789 in Albany ) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War . Life . He was the son of Sybrant Van Schaick , Mayor of Albany , New York , and Alida ( Rosebloom ) Van Schaick . In 1758 , he was a captain of a New York regiment that participated in the attack on Fort Frontenac and Fort Niagara during the French and Indian War . From 1760 to 1762 he was lieutenant colonel of first the 2nd regiment of New York Provincials and then later the 1st regiment of New York Provincials . On June 28 , 1775 he was commissioned as colonel of the 2nd New York Regiment . On March 8 , 1776 he was made colonel of the 1st New York Regiment . On July 6 , 1777 , he was wounded at the Fort Ticonderoga . He served under William Alexander at the Battle of Monmouth . He is most famous for his 1779 expedition against the Onondaga Indians . His forces attacked and burned their principal settlement together with provisions and stores , killed their cattle , and took 32 prisoners without a loss of a single man . Because the most militant warriors had already left , the villagers were mostly neutrals . The Onondagas accused the soldiers of raping and killing the women . On May 10 , 1779 , an act of the Continental Congress : " Resolved , that the thanks of Congress be presented to Colonel Van Schaick and the officers and soldiers under his command , for their activity and good conduct in the late expedition against the Onondagas " . He was appointed brevet brigadier general on October 10 , 1783 , and he served until November 1783 . State Senator Myndert Van Schaick ( 1782 – 1865 ) was his son . Goose ' s cousin Catherine ( Van Schaick ) Gansevoort and her husband Peter Gansevoort were the grandparents of author Herman Melville .
Alfred Cumming ( general ) Alfred Cumming ( January 30 , 1829 – December 5 , 1910 ) was a brigadier general for the Confederacy in the American Civil War . Early life . Born in Augusta , Georgia , he was the son of Henry Harford Cumming , a cotton magnate , and Julia Ann Cumming . At twenty , he graduated from West Point , ranking 35th in his class of 43 . In the prewar United States Army , he served mainly in the West , including two years in Louisiana as an aide to Brig . Gen . David E . Twiggs . Later he accompanied Albert Sidney Johnston ' s expedition to Utah Territory , where he aided his uncle , Alfred Cumming ( the Governor of Utah ) in the Utah War . Civil War . In January 1861 , he resigned a captaincy in the 10th United States Infantry to accept the Lieutenant Colonel cy of the Augusta Volunteer Battalion . He soon resigned that position to become major of the 1st Georgia Infantry . By June , he was the Lieutenant Colonel of the 10th Georgia Regiment and four months later its colonel , succeeding Lafayette McLaws . He served with distinction during the Peninsula Campaign of 1862 , including the Battle of Yorktown , the Battle of Savage ' s Station , and the Battle of Malvern Hill , where he was wounded . His performance earned him the command of an Alabama brigade prior to the Maryland Campaign . On September 14 , 1862 , Cumming ' s brigade came up quickly to support troops under Brig . Gen . Howell Cobb , forced back from Crampton ' s Gap by a Federal offensive . His promptness helped keep the Union advance from its objective , Harpers Ferry . He was awarded a brigadier general ' s star six weeks later . Afterward , Cumming went west : first to Mobile , then in April 1863 to Mississippi as a subordinate to Lt . Gen . John C . Pemberton . He led a brigade in Maj . Gen . Carter L . Stevenson ' s division at Champion ' s Hill and in the actions outside Vicksburg . Captured and paroled with the city ' s garrison , he reorganized Stevenson ' s old brigade at Decatur , Georgia , in the fall of 1863 and led it gallantly at Missionary Ridge . He was conspicuous in many actions during the Atlanta Campaign , winning praise for several successful and unsuccessful attacks . At Jonesboro , he was disabled by another wound . Postbellum . In postwar years , he farmed in Floyd County , Georgia . before moving to Rome , Georgia , and then to his native city . He pursued a minor public career , including service on the American Military Commission to Korea in 1888 . Cumming died in Rome , Georgia , and was buried in Summerville Cemetery .
Ioannis Zisis Ioannis Zisis ( , - 1941 ) was a Greek Army general during World War II . Prior to and during the German invasion of Greece , Major General Zisis was commander of the Evros Brigade ( Ταξιαρχία Έβρου ) deployed in Western Thrace and consisting of 2 , 100 men . In the Battle of Metaxas Line ( April 6 – 9 , 1941 ) , the numerically and technically superior German Army invaded Greece from the Bulgarian border . However , the Greek fortifications at Nymfaia , near Komotini were able to provide a two - day resistance against enemy attacks . After the battle , the retreating Greek soldiers in Western Thrace were ordered by their headquarters to move across the Evros river to Turkey . General Zisis found this turn of events too humiliating and preferred to commit suicide , while his soldiers were ordered disarmed and interned by the Turks .
Moldavian style Moldovenesc style or Moldavian architectural style is a type of architecture developed in Moldavia during the 14th through 19th centuries . The period of maximum flowering of this style was in the period of Stephen III of Moldavia . The Moldavian monasteries which belongs to the UNESCO heritage are made in this style .
HMS Boscawen ( 1844 ) HMS " Boscawan " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 3 April 1844 at Woolwich Dockyard . She was originally ordered and begun as a 74 - gun ship , but an Admiralty order dated 3 March 1834 required that she be reworked to Sir William Symonds ' design . She was named for Admiral Edward Boscawen . In 1874 , " Boscawen " was converted into a training ship and renamed " Wellesley " . She was broken up in 1914 .
German submarine U - 237 German submarine " U - 237 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 23 April 1942 at the " Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft " yard at Kiel as ' werk ' 667 , launched on 17 December and commissioned on 30 January 1943 under the command of " Oberleutnant " Hubert Nordheimer . After training with the 5th U - boat Flotilla at Kiel , she went to the 23rd flotilla as a trials boat and then to the 31st flotilla . She was sunk in Kiel by British bombs in April 1945 . Fate . She was sunk by American bombs at the " Germaniawerft " in Kiel during a raid on 14 May 1943 , but was raised , repaired and returned to service . She was sunk a second time by British bombs at the " Deutsche Werke " in Kiel on 4 April 1945 .
Pakfront The Pakfront was a defensive military tactic developed by the German forces on the Eastern Front during the Second World War . It was named after the phonetic pronunciation of the acronym nomenclature for German towed anti - tank guns , PaK ( " PanzerabwehrKanone " , " tank defense cannon " ) . The Soviets soon copied the tactic , and used it to great effect at the Battle of Kursk in July 1943 . During the large Soviet armoured attacks on the Eastern front in late 1941 – 1942 , the Germans quickly realised that their anti - tank guns , operating individually or in small groups , and with no central commander , were quickly overwhelmed by the numerical superiority of the Soviets . The " pakfront " was developed to counter this superiority . A group of up to ten guns were placed under the command of one officer . He was responsible to designate targets and direct the fire of his guns . This allowed the Germans to spring particularly effective anti - tank ambushes , with all guns being assigned separate targets and then firing at once , maximizing surprise and minimizing the chance for return fire . The tactic was found to be extremely effective , and soon the Soviets had copied it , often using multiple " pakfront " s in co - operation with minefield s , anti - tank ditches , and other obstacles to channel the enemy armour into their fields of fire . The Soviets also developed an extension of the ambush tactic in which all of the guns could be targeted on a " single " particularly valuable or heavily armored target and fired on command , the combined impacts essentially guaranteeing an instant kill . This technique was especially effective against German command tanks ( because it generally caused a K - kill that minimized any chance for the command team to escape ) and heavy vehicles ( like the Tiger I ) that might have otherwise required dozens of separate hits to disable . To counter the effectiveness of the Soviet pakfront , the Germans developed the " panzerkeil " ( " armoured wedge " ) , but this offensive tactic had limited effectiveness . The Soviet method of employing pakfronts included establishing " anti - tank zones " ( Russian : противотанковые районы ) in staggered patterns with multiple pak - groups ' ( " anti - tank base - of - fire points " , Russian : противотанковые опорные пункты ) firing sectors intertwined , to amplify the effect of the tactic . At the Battle of Kursk in July 1943 , Soviet " pakfront " s slowed the German attack in the south and completely halted the northern German force . The " panzerkeil " was shown to be an inadequate countermeasure .
1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry ( Prince Charles of Bavaria ' s ) The 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “ Prince Charles of Bavaria ” ( " Königlich Bayerisches Schwere - Reiter - Regiment „ Prinz Karl von Bayern “ Nr . 1 " ) were a heavy cavalry regiment of the Royal Bavarian Army . The regiment was formed in 1814 as Garde du Corps to the King of Bavaria . The regiment fought in the War of the Sixth Coalition , the Austro - Prussian War , the Franco - Prussian War and World War I . The regiment was disbanded in 1919 .
U . S . Army Forces in the Middle East United States Army Forces in the Middle East ( USAFIME ) was a unified United States Army command during World War II established in August , 1942 by order of General George Marshall to oversee the Egypt - Libya Campaign . The small USAFIME was headquartered in Cairo — which simplified liaison with its much larger British counterpart , Middle East Command . USAFIME had command over all United States Army forces in North Africa and the Middle East , except the Army Air Forces Ferrying Command . It was composed of : The first commander of the USAFIME was Maj . Gen . Russell L . Maxwell . He was replaced in November 1942 by Lt . Gen . Frank M . Andrews of the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) , and in January 1943 by Maj . Gen . Lewis H . Brereton . Maxwell was an army general because at the time he was appointed it was expected that the Americans would contribute ground troops to assist in the Allied Western Desert Campaign . Initially the only US combat forces which were allocated to the Mediterranean Theatre of War were USAAF squadrons . As plans for Operation Torch began to take shape the it became clear that the Americans would not contribute ground troops to the Western Desert Campaign . This was reflected in Maxwell ' s replacement by Andrews . One of Andrew ' s first acts was to establish the Ninth Air Force to replace USAMEAF . The non - air force administrative functions of USAFIME were taken over by the North African Theater of Operations United States Army ( NATOUSA ) when the Egypt - Libya campaign ended on 12 February 1943 .
Arsenal de l ' Aéronautique Arsenal de l ' Aéronautique ( commonly named Arsenal ) was a national military aircraft manufacturer established by the French Government in 1936 at Villacoublay . In the years before World War II , it developed a range of technically advanced fighter aircraft , but none of these were manufactured in sufficient quantities to be of any use against the German invasion . Following the war , Arsenal was relocated to Châtillon - sous - Bagneux , where it was privatised as SFECMAS ( " la Société Française d ’ Etude et de Constructions de Matériel Aéronautiques Spéciaux " ) in 1952 . In SFECMAS joined SNCAN to create Nord Aviation .