naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Arethusa ( 1913 ) HMS " Arethusa " was the name ship of the " Arethusa " class of light cruiser s . She was laid down at Chatham Dockyard in October 1912 , launched on 25 October 1913 , and commissioned in August 1914 as flotilla leader for the Harwich Force . She went on to see a considerable amount of action during the First World War . On 28 August 1914 she fought at the Battle of Heligoland Bight , flying the flag of Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt . She was seriously damaged by the German cruisers SMS " Frauenlob " and SMS " Stettin " and had to be towed home . On 25 December of that year , " Arethusa " took part in the Cuxhaven Raid and on 24 January 1915 she fought at the Battle of Dogger Bank ( 1915 ) . Later in the same year she was transferred to the 5th Light Cruiser squadron of the Harwich force . In September 1915 she captured four German trawlers . On 11 February 1916 she struck a mine off Felixstowe claimed to have been laid by " UC - 7 " , drifted ashore before she could be rescued and broke her back .
Boeing XP - 9 The Boeing XP - 9 ( company Model 96 ) was the first monoplane fighter aircraft produced by the United States aircraft manufacturing company Boeing . It incorporated sophisticated structural refinements that were influential in later Boeing designs . The sole prototype exhibited unsatisfactory characteristics with its lack of pilot visibility directly leading to its cancellation . Design and development . The XP - 9 was designed in 1928 to meet the requirements of a US Army request for a monoplane fighter . Its primary contribution to aircraft design was its semi - monocoque construction , which would become a standard for future aircraft . Boeing employed the structural features of the XP - 9 into their contemporary P - 12 biplane fighter when the P - 12E variant incorporated a semi - monocoque metal fuselage structure similar to that of the XP - 9 . The undercarriage arrangement of the P - 12C had also been first tried out on the XP - 9 and then transferred into the production model . Operational history . The prototype XP - 9 , marked " A 028 - 386 " , was first flown on 18 November 1930 . It had impressive stats on the specification sheet , but it quickly became apparent that its large ( 6 ft chord ) wing , which was placed atop the fuselage directly in front of the pilot , obstructed downward visibility so badly that simple landing maneuvers were hazardous . Test pilots at the Army Test Centre at Wright Field found that the XP - 9 ' s inherent instability was so severe that immediate modifications were requested to increase the size of the vertical tail . An enlarged vertical tail surface with smooth metal skinning was introduced , but failed to effect any significant improvement , and this revised XP - 9 was grounded for instructional airframe use in August 1931 , after only 15 hours of test flying .
Mark 13 torpedo The Mark 13 torpedo was the U . S . Navy ' s most common aerial torpedo of World War II . It was the first American torpedo to be originally designed for launching from aircraft only . At the close of the war , the Mark 13 was considered one of the most reliable air - dropped torpedoes available , " universally accepted as the best aircraft torpedo owned by any nation . " They were also used on PT boats . Design . Originating in a 1925 design study , the Mark 13 was subject to changing USN requirements through its early years with resulting on - and - off development . Early models — even when dropped low to the water at slow speeds — were prone to running on the surface , or not running at all . By late 1944 , the design had been modified to allow reliable drops from as high as , at speeds up to . The final Mark 13 weighed ; of this was the high explosive Torpex . The Mark 13 was designed with unusually squat dimensions for its type : diameter was and length . In the water , the Mark 13 could reach a speed of for up to . The Mark 13 ran slower than the Mark 14 torpedo . 17 , 000 were produced during the war . The Mark 13 was very similar in design to the Mark 14 and Mark 15 torpedo es which suffered from problems such as submerged running approximately ten feet lower than set , contact exploder duds and magnetic trigger premature explosions . The Mark 13 design avoided these problems with its larger diameter , lesser mass , lesser negative buoyancy , slower running speed and the lack of a magnetic influence feature in its Mark IV exploder .
1st Armoured Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 1st Armoured Brigade was a regular British Army unit formed on 3 September 1939 , by the redesignation of the 1st Light Armoured Brigade . Second World War History . At the start of the war , the brigade was based in the United Kingdom , initially as part of the 1st Armoured Division and then as part of the newly formed 2nd Armoured Division . In November 1940 , it was shipped to Egypt , arriving on 1 January 1941 . In March 1941 , the brigade was dispatched to Greece as part of General Maitland Wilson ' s unsuccessful attempt at stopping the German invasion . On 29 April 1941 , the brigade was evacuated to Egypt . The 1st Armoured Brigade served in the Western Desert Campaign with the 7th Armoured Division at the Battle of El Alamein . The brigade was disbanded on 21 November 1942 .
Château de Boisclaireau Château de Boisclaireau was the residence of the noble Gueroust family , who were the Counts of Boisclaireau , in Teillé , Sarthe , Pays - de - la - Loire , France . The castle hosted the Archduke Louis and his brother Johann , sons of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II of Austria , during one of their trips to France .
SM UB - 98 SM " UB - 98 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 8 August 1918 as SM " UB - 98 " . " UB - 98 " was surrendered on 21 November 1918 and broken up in Portmadoc in 1922 . Construction . She was built by AG Vulcan of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction , launched at Hamburg on 1 July 1918 . " UB - 98 " was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 98 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 98 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 98 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Annan Castle Annan Castle , was a castle that was located on the banks of the River Annan , in Annan , Dumfriesshire , Scotland . A c . 1560 sketch of Robert the Bruce ' s " Annan Castle " appears to show a castle described as a motte and bailey next to what appears to be a broch beside the river . The castle was built in the 12th century by the de Brus family , Lords of Annandale . A flood in the mid - 12th century changed the course of the River Annan , which caused the castle mound to be partially eroded . The castle was abandoned as the main seat of the de Brus family , who moved to Lochmaben Castle where Robert the Bruce may have been born c . 1274 .
Bagras Bagras or Baghrās , ancient Pagrae ( Πάγραι ) is a town and its nearby castle in the İskenderun district of Turkey , in the Amanus Mountains . Strabo ' s " Geographica " mentions it as being on the borders of Gindarus , " a natural stronghold " leading to the Amanian Gate or " Amanides Pylae " over the Amanus Moutains . The castle of Pagrae was erected by emperor Nikephoros II Phokas , who stationed there 1000 footmen and 500 horsemen under the command of Michael Bourtzes to raid the countryside of the nearby city of Antioch . The castle provided a base for a force to cover the Amanian Gate . It was built in two levels around a knoll , the fortification resembling Armenian work , and with water supplied by aqueduct s . It was then rebuilt about 1153 by the Knights Templar under the name Gaston ( also Gastun , Guascon , Gastim ) and held by them or by the Principality of Antioch until it was forced to capitulate to Saladin on 26 August 1189 . It was retaken in 1191 by the Armenians ( under Leo II ) , and their possession of it became a major point of contention between them and the Antiochenes and Templars . After much negotiation , it was finally returned to the Templars in 1216 . According to the Armenian chronicles , it withstood a siege by the forces of Aleppo at about this time . After the fall of Antioch to Baibars in 1268 , the garrison lost heart , and one of the brothers deserted and presented the keys of the castle to him . The remaining defenders decided to destroy what they could and surrender the castle . Despite the loss of the castle , Hethum II of Armenia and Leo IV of Armenia soundly defeated a Mamluk raiding force in the nearby pass in 1305 .
Fort Casey Fort Casey State Park is located on Whidbey Island in Washington state . Admiralty Inlet was considered so strategic to the defense of Puget Sound in the 1890s that three forts , Fort Casey on Whidbey Island , Fort Flagler on Marrowstone Island , and Fort Worden at Port Townsend , were built at the entrance with huge guns creating a " Triangle of Fire . " This military strategy was built on the theory that the three fortresses would thwart any invasion attempt by sea . Fort Casey is now a marine camping park . The Admiralty Head Lighthouse is located in the state park . Three miles of the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail wrap around the park . History . Designed as part of the massive modernization program of U . S . seacoast fortifications initiated by the Endicott Board , construction on Fort Casey began in 1897 . In 1901 , her big guns on disappearing carriages , which could be raised out of their protective emplacements so that the guns were exposed only long enough to fire , became active . However , the fort ' s ammunition batteries became obsolete almost as soon as their construction was completed . The invention of the airplane in 1903 , and the subsequent development of military aircraft made the fort vulnerable to air attack . In addition , the development of battleships designed with increasingly accurate weaponry transformed the static strategies of the nineteenth century into the more mobile attack systems of the twentieth century . Most of Fort Casey ' s guns and mortars were removed and sent to Europe and the Pacific during World War I , where they were mounted on railcars to serve as mobile heavy artillery . In 1935 , the Coast Artillery withdrew the station ' s battery assignments and placed it on inactive status . As World War II approached , military officials reactivated Fort Casey after making physical improvements to the aging frame - plaster construction . Two of the fort ' s 10 - inch ( 25 - cm ) seacoast artillery guns on their carriages were salvaged in the mid - 1960s from their final active duty location at Fort Wint on the U . S . Naval Base Subic Bay . The guns showed visible shrapnel scarring from the effects of the Japanese bombings in the Philippines at the opening of World War II . Two 3 - inch ( 76 - mm ) rapid - fire guns from Fort Wint are also mounted at Fort Casey .
Herbert Amann Herbert Amann ( 11 October 1919 – 12 January 1944 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Herbert Amann was killed on 12 January 1944 near Novomyrhorod , Ukraine . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross and promoted to Hauptmann .
SVN - 98 the SVN - 98 anti - materiel ( or large caliber sniper ) rifle was developed in the late 1990s by ZID pland , based in Kovrov , Russia . It is based on the SVN - 98 12 . 7mm experimental rifle . Initially known as ASVK , KSVK is currently used in small numbers by varius Russian Special Operation units in Checnya as a counter - sniper rifle , capable of penetrating a brick or a thick wooden walls and disabling terrorsists hiding behind it . SVN - 98 is a bullpup configured , bolt operated , magazine fed rifle . It is equipped with massive muzzle device which acts as an effective muzzle brake and a sound damper . SVN - 98 is equipped with standard Russian side - mounted scope rail , and can be fitted with variety of day and night scopes . Open iron sights are installed for backup or emergency purposes . The key problem with SVN - 98 , and with any other 12 . 7mm rifles in Russia is a general unavailability of the " sniper - grade " 12 . 7 mm ammunition . With general issue , machine gun grade 12 . 7 mm ammo KSVK groups are averaged at 16 cm at 300 meters , and if a sniper quality 12 . 7mm ammo will become available , accuracy will increase significantly .
USS Petalesharo ( YTB - 832 ) Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Petalesharo " was awarded 5 June 1973 . She was laid down down on 26 December 1973 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 3 October 1974 . Operational history . " Petalesharo " was initially assigned to Naval Station Mayport , Florida . She was overhauled at the Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay Trident Refit Facility in Kings Bay , Georgia , in 1997 and then transferred to the Naval Support Activity , La Maddalena , Italy . Placed in inactive reserve at SUBRON22 , July 1999 . Stricken from the Navy List 20 July 2007 , ex - " Petalesharo " was transferred to the Hellenic Navy 10 January 2008 .
Hans Bartels Hans Bartels ( 5 July 1910 – 31 July 1945 ) was a " Korvettenkapitän " with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was transferred to command the " Kleinkampfverbände " ( small combat units ) and after a training course was appointed leader of the Kleinkampf - Flottille 261 ( 261st Biberflottille ) , operating the midget submarine Biber , in August 1944 . After the war ended Bartels was retained in British custody and was assigned to a " Minenräumkommando " ( German Mine Sweeping Administration ) , where he was killed in an accident near Rendsburg on 31 July 1945 .
Sage Type 2 The Sage Type 2 was a prototype British two - seat fighter aircraft of the First World War . A single - engined biplane with an enclosed cabin for its crew , only a single example was built , as more advanced aircraft became available . Development and design . The long - established woodworking company , Frederick Sage & Co , which specialised in shopfitting , set up an aircraft department in early 1915 , hiring the well known test pilot and designer , E C Gordon England to lead the department , and recruiting Clifford Tinson , formerly deputy to Frank Barnwell at the Bristol Aeroplane Company early in 1916 . Tinson ' s first design for Sage was a two - seat fighter aircraft , the Sage Type 2 . It was a small wood and fabric tractor biplane ( in fact the two - seat Sage was smaller than many single - seaters of the time ) , with single - bay wings . The pilot and gunner sat in an enclosed , glazed cabin that filled the gap between the fuselage and upper wing . Because of the lack of effective gun synchronising gear to allow a fixed gun to fire through the propeller disc , a hole was cut in the upper wing above the gunners seat , so the gunner could stand with head and shoulders above the wing , giving him a good all - round field of fire for his Lewis gun , including forward over the propeller . The aircraft was powered by a Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine driving a four - bladed propeller . The prototype first flew on 10 August 1916 , and demonstrated good performance and manoeuvrability , being easy to fly . It was wrecked during a crash - landing during a test flight at Cranwell in 20 September 1916 after the rudder post gave way . No further development was carried out , as by this time , effective synchronising gear was available to the British , and the Sopwith 1½ Strutter was already in service .
XM - 736 8 - inch projectile The XM - 736 8 - inch projectile was a binary howitzer round that was designed to carry the nerve agent VX . After the suspension of the testing in 1982 , models indicated the shell could be unstable in flight due to the liquid properties of VX . However , instabilities were not observed during earlier testing , and it is unknown if instabilities in the shell were ever found .
RAF Hythe RAF Hythe was an RAF base situated in Hythe , Hampshire , 10 miles south of Southampton on the western side of Southampton Water . Hangars were first erected here by May - Harden - May Ltd , acquired by Supermarine in 1925 . The site was used for final assembly of marine aircraft . The site again changed hands in 1937 to be acquired by Imperial Airways ( later BOAC ) who until November 1950 used the site for flying boat maintenance . Later , from 1967 , the facilities were used by the US Field Army Support Brigade / Combat Equipment Battalion - Hythe mainly for small boat repairs . At this time , the base became known as RAF Hythe . The station , the last U . S . Army installation in the United Kingdom , closed on 30 September 2006 after the American Army left following a cost - cutting exercise . The site has been acquired by the South East England Development Agency which plans to open it as a marine business park . Map .
572d Bombardment Squadron The 572d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 391st Bombardment Group , stationed at Camp Patrick Henry , Virginia . It was inactivated on 29 October 1945 . History . Formed under III Bomber Command in early 1943 as a B - 26 Marauder medium bomber squadron . Trained for duty in Europe with Ninth Air Force . Engaged in combat beginning in early 1944 , attacked tactical targets in France , Low Countries and Germany supporting Allied ground forces advancing after D - Day in Northern France Campaign and the Western Allied invasion of Germany , 1945 . Received A - 26 Invader s in April 1945 , however did not use in combat . After V - E Day , demobilized personnel while stationed in France during the summer of 1945 , inactivated as a paper unit in Virginia , October 1945 .
German submarine U - 79 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 79 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the " Kriegsmarine " built by the Bremer Vulkan - Vegesacker Werft , Bremen - Vegesack . Her keel was laid down on 17 April 1940 , by Bremer Vulkan of Bremen - Vegesack , Germany as ' werk ' 7 . She was launched on 25 January 1941 and commissioned on 13 March , with " Kapitänleutnant " Wolfgang Kaufmann in command until the U - boat ' s loss . The boat was sunk on 23 December 1941 north of Sollum , by two British warships . Operational history . " U - 79 " conducted three patrols whilst serving with 1st U - boat Flotilla from 13 March 1941 to 30 September . She was then reassigned to the 23rd U - boat Flotilla from 1 October until she was sunk . 1st patrol . The boat ' s first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 5 June 1941 . Her route took her north ' up ' the North Sea and through the ' gap ' separating Iceland and the Faroe Islands toward the Atlantic Ocean . She sank the " Havtor " west of Iceland on the 11th and damaged the " Tibia " at 59° 55N 39°W ( southwest of the island ) , on the 27th . " U - 79 " then docked at the newly captured port of Lorient on the French Atlantic coast on 5 July . 2nd and 3rd patrols . The boat ' s second foray was further south than her first . She sank the " Kellwyn " about northwest of Cape Finisterre in Spain on 27 July 1941 . She was unsuccessfully attacked with depth charge s by convoy escorts near the Portuguese coast on 12 August . " U - 79 " s third sortie hardly left the Bay of Biscay and only lasted five days ( 14 – 18 September 1941 ) . 4th and 5th patrols . Patrol number four necessitated the boat getting past the heavily defended British base at Gibraltar to reach the Mediterranean Sea which she had by 5 October 1941 . She then negotiated the Straits of Messina [ between Sicily and the Italian mainland ] and moved toward the North African coast . There she encountered the British gunboat HMS " Gnat " and sank her northeast of Bardia ( Al Burdi ) on 21 October . She reached Salamis in Greece on 23 October 1941 . " U - 79 " returned to the North African coast for her fifth patrol at the end of November but her luck had deserted her . She returned to Salamis with nothing to show for her efforts on 8 December . 6th patrol and loss . Leaving Salamis for the last time on 21 December 1941 , she was sunk a couple of days later ( on the 23rd ) , by depth charges dropped by the British destroyers HMS " Hasty " and " Hotspur " . All " U - 79 " s crewmembers ( 44 men ) survived the attack .
TC / 3 . 6 and TC / 6 mines The TC / 3 . 6 and TC / 6 are round minimum metal Italian anti - tank blast mines . Both mines use the same fuzing system . They have round deep ribbed plastic cases that are either sand colored or olive green . The fuze works on an air pressure system , with the top pressure plate forcing air through a small bleed valve . The air then inflates a diaphragm which indirectly applies force to the striker spring until a steel restraining ball is forced out of the way of the striker . The striker is then flipped into the detonator , triggering the mine . The air pressure fuze is designed to be resistant to shock and overpressure mine clearance techniques . It can therefore be regarded as a blast resistant mine . The mine was produced by the now - defunct Italian company , Tecnovar Italiana SpA , but is now no longer in production . In the 1970s a small number of the TC / 6 version were produced in Portugal for testing and demonstration purposes only . No further production occurred . TC / 6 Electronic versions of the mine were produced , the TCE / 3 . 6 , TCE / 6 . The TC / 3 . 6 mine is found in Afghanistan , and the TC / 6 is found in Afghanistan , Chad , Ecuador , and Tajikistan . Additionally , SAT electronic fuzes ( which can have anti - handling device capability ) may be used with these mines . A copy of this mine is produced in Egypt .