naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Eduardo Abaroa Colonel Eduardo Abaroa Hidalgo ( October 13 , 1838 , San Pedro de Atacama – March 23 , 1879 ) was Bolivia ' s foremost hero of the War of the Pacific ( 1879 – 1883 ) , which pitted Chile against Bolivia and Peru . He was one of the leaders of the civilian resistance to the Chilean invasion at the Battle of Topáter . Abaroa was an engineer by trade , working in a silver mine located in the coastal region of Litoral , which Chile took from Bolivia during the War of the Pacific . During the Battle of Topáter ( 23 March 1879 ) , the first armed clash of the war , Colonel Abaroa was part of a badly outnumbered Bolivian force defending a bridge that crossed the Topáter River and gave access to the city of Calama , an important desert oasis on the road to Bolivia . Refusing to surrender , after the outnumbered Bolivian military forces withdrew , he fought to his last breath , a feat that later transformed him into a revered national hero . When , injured and surrounded , he was asked to surrender by the Chilean forces , he provided an answer that has gone into Bolivian folklore : " ¿ Rendirme yo ? ¡ Que se rinda su abuela , carajo ! " ( " Surrender ? Your grandmother [ is who ] should surrender , you bastard ! " , or " Surrender , me ? Let your grandmother surrender , dammit ! " , or , more literally , " Surrender , me ? That your grandmother surrender helself , fuck ! " ) , equivalent to saying " Surrender ? Surrender my ass ! " . According to Chilean folklore he answered : " Quien , Yo ? " ( " Who , me ? " ) Legacy and critical discussion . In 1952 , on the 73rd anniversary of his death , the Bolivian Government repatriated Abaroa ' s body , burying it with full honors and in the midst of an impressive crowd ( numbering in the tens of thousands ) in the popular La Paz square that bears the hero ' s name . Plaza Abaroa ( " Abaroa Square " ) also contains a large bronze statue of the Bolivian martyr , presented in full pose and defiance , as he would have looked the moment before his death . His country honored him with a series of stamps ( Scott # 365 - 370 and C157 - 162 ) . The stamps quoted his last words , eliding " " carajo " " with an ellipsis . Eduardo Abaroa Province is named in his honor , as is Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve . The anniversary of Abaroa ' s heroic death ( March 23 ) is a national holiday in Bolivia .
Rifle House Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Rifle House Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located near Ypres on the Western Front . The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war . Foundation . The cemetery takes its name from a strong point that stood in Ploegsteert Wood of which no trace now remains . Founded in November 1914 , it was in use until June 1916 . The cemetery fell into German hands on 10 April 1918 during the Spring Offensive , but fell back to the Allies on 29 September 1918 as the Hundred Days Offensive swept north and east . The cemetery was designed by W H Cowlishaw . Notable graves . This cemetery contains the last resting place of Rifleman Robert Barnett of the 1st Battalion Rifle Brigade , who died on 19 December 1914 . He was 15 years old .
II Corps ( Australia ) The Australian II Corps was an Australian Army corps . II Corps was established in early 1942 to command Australian Army units deployed to protect the Sydney region and later commanded operational units in New Guinea , Bougainville and New Britain . II Corps was disbanded on 24 September 1945 following the end of the Second World War . Units . Units assigned to II Corps at various times included :
USS General Sherman ( 1864 ) USS " General Sherman " ( 1864 ) was acquired from the U . S . War Department by the Union Navy during the American Civil War as a gunboat in waterways of the Confederate South . Constructed in Chattanooga , Tennessee , in 1864 . " General Sherman " , a 187 - ton side - wheel " tinclad " river gunboat , was one of four light wooden gunboats built at Chattanooga , Tennessee , for the War Department in 1864 . She commissioned at Bridgeport , Alabama , 27 July 1864 , Acting Master Joseph W . Morehead in command . Turned over to the Navy and commissioned in July 1864 , " General Sherman " spent most of her service on the Upper Tennessee River . Patrolling the Tennessee River . " General Sherman " was assigned to the 11th District , Mississippi Squadron , and became part of Lt . Moreau Forrest ' s gunboat fleet on the upper Tennessee River . Leaving Bridgeport , Alabama , 22 August , she patrolled with other gunboats between Decatur , Alabama , and Muscle Shoals , Alabama , controlling guerrilla attacks and working to prevent major elements of Confederate General John Bell Hood ' s army from crossing the river into Tennessee . " General Sherman " continued to patrol until she returned to Bridgeport for repairs 17 December . Supporting General Steedman at Decatur . Returning to the upper Tennessee River , " General Sherman " lent vital artillery support to the forces of < a href = " James % 20Barrett % 20Steedman " > General James B . Steedman < / a > at Decatur , 27 December , shelling Confederate emplacements as Union Army troops crossed the river . She again patrolled the river , attempting to cut off the withdrawal of Hood ' s army from Tennessee and convoying Union supply ships , until the war ended . Post - war return to the Army Quartermaster . " General Sherman " was returned to the Army Quartermaster Department at Chattanooga , Tennessee , 3 June 1865 .
788th Bombardment Squadron The 788th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 467th Bombardment Group , stationed at Clovis Army Airfield , New Mexico . It was inactivated on 4 August 1946 . History . Established as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron in mid - 1943 and activated on 1 August . Trained under II Bomber Command in Idaho and Utah . In January 1944 the squadron received deployment orders for the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) . Moved to RAF Rackheath , Norfolk in England , February – March 1944 , and was assigned to the VIII Bomber Command . Upon arrival in England , was attached to VIII Composite Command and performed special operations missions over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , flying black painted aircraft equipped with engine flame dampeners and noise suppression equipment . Engaged in parachuting Allied agents ; retrieving others ; providing supplies and equipment to Resistance Forces ; leaflet dropping and other clandestine missions . Returned to home unit in August 1944 and engaged in very long range strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany . In combat , the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organization , attacking the harbor at Kiel , chemical plants at Bonn , textile factories at Stuttgart , power plants at Hamm , steel works at Osnabrück , the aircraft industry at Brunswick , and other objectives . In combat , the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organization , attacking the harbor at Kiel , chemical plants at Bonn , textile factories at Stuttgart , power plants at Hamm , steel works at Osnabrück , the aircraft industry at Brunswick , and other objectives . Attacked German communications and fortifications during the Battle of the Bulge , December 1944 – January 1945 . Hit enemy transportation to assist the Allied assault across the Rhine in March 1945 . After the German Capitulation in May 1945 , the squadron was ordered back to the United States for B - 29 transition and redeployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations ( PTO ) . Redeployed to the US June / July 1945 . Upon arrival , most of the group was demobilized due to their combat service in Europe ; a cadre of officers and men was formed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field , South Dakota on 25 August . At Sioux Falls , the unit was reformed with newly - trained pilots , aircrews and ground personnel . The reformed group was sent to Harvard Army Airfield , Nebraska for initial Second Air Force training . The Japanese Capitulation in early August canceled the planned deployment to the Pacific , however the group continued to train Due to the advanced training state of the squadron received new B - 29 Superfortress es and completed training . In December 1945 was assigned to a permanent base at Clovis AAF , New Mexico as part of Continental Air Forces . The unit , however was inactivated on 4 August 1946 due to personnel shortages and funding reductions in the immediate postwar Air Force . The equipment and remaining personnel were reassigned to other SAC units .
Francis Munroe Ramsay Admiral Francis Munroe Ramsay ( 5 April 1835 – 19 July 1914 ) was an officer in the United States Navy who distinguished himself in the American Civil War , and who later served as Chief of the Navy ' s Bureau of Navigation . Early life and career . Born in the District of Columbia , Ramsay was appointed midshipman on 5 October 1850 . After training in and in , he graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy in 1856 . He subsequently served in with the Brazil Squadron ; in with the Pacific Squadron ; on ordnance duty at the Washington Navy Yard ; and in on the Africa Station . Civil War service . On 23 March 1863 , he assumed command of , for duty in the Mississippi Squadron . In that gunboat , he participated in Yazoo River operations during April and May . Then on 7 June , he supported a Union garrison at Milliken ' s Bend , Louisiana in holding off some 4 , 000 Confederate troops . Moving on to Vicksburg , he commanded a battery of heavy guns mounted on scows in exposed positions before the city , 19 June – 4 July . After the capture of the river stronghold , he was given command of the 3d Division , Mississippi Squadron . During February and March 1864 , he led expeditions up the Black and Ouachita Rivers and from mid - March to early May participated in Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter ' s expedition up the Red River . On 28 September , he was transferred to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in command of . He participated in the amphibious assaults on Fort Fisher 24 December 1864 and on 13 January 1865 , and in subsequent attacks against Fort Anderson and other forts along the Cape Fear River . In April , he assisted in removing torpedoes ( mines ) from the James River and was present at the capture of Richmond . Post - Civil War service . After the Civil War , Ramsay served in many and varied positions afloat ; as Fleet Captain , South Atlantic Squadron and as commanding officer of , , , , and . Ashore , he served at the Naval Academy , at Newport , in London as naval attaché , and at Boston and New York as commandant of the Navy Yards . In 1889 he became Chief of the Bureau of Navigation and remained in that post until his retirement 5 April 1897 . He was promoted to rear admiral on 5 April 1894 , and died in Washington , D . C . 19 July 1914 . Legacy . In 1918 , the destroyer was named in his honor .
906th Fighter Group The 906th Fighter Group is an inactive United States Air Force Reserve unit . It was last active with the 445th Airlift Wing , based at Wright - Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio . It was inactivated on 1 October 1994 . History . Following the mobilizations in 1961 and 1962 for the Berlin Crisis and the Cuban Missile Crisis , Continental Air Command ( ConAC ) realized that it was unwieldy to mobilize an entire wing unless absolutely necessary . Their original Table of Organization for each Wing was a wing headquarters , a troop carrier group , an Air Base Group , a maintenance and supply group , and a medical group . In 1957 , the troop carrier group and maintenance and supply groups were inactivated , with their squadrons reassigned directly to the wing headquarters - despite the fact that many wings had squadrons spread out over several bases due to the Detached Squadron Concept dispersing Reserve units over centers of population . To resolve this , in late 1962 and early 1963 , ConAC reorganized the structure of its reserve Troop Carrier Wings by establishing fully deployable Troop Carrier Groups and inserting them into the chain of command between the Wing and its squadrons at every base that held a ConAC troop carrier squadron . At each base , the group was composed of a material squadron , a troop carrier squadron , a tactical hospital or dispensary , and a combat support squadron . Each troop carrier wing consisted of 3 or 4 of these groups . By doing so , ConAC could facilitate the mobilization of either aircraft and aircrews alone , aircraft and minimum support personnel ( one troop carrier group ) , or the entire troop carrier wing . This also gave ConAC the flexibility to expand each Wing by attaching additional squadrons , if necessary from other Reserve wings to the deployable groups for deployments . The 906th Troop Carrier Group was one of two C - 119 groups assigned to the 302d TCW in 1963 , the other being the 907th Troop Carrier Group also at Clinton County AFB . Replaced C - 119s with C - 123 Provider assault transport in 1967 , began training with special operations forces when parent 302d Tactical Airlift Wing was redesignated as a Special Operations Wing in 1970 . Inactivated in 1975 as part of post - Vietnam War drawdown . Fighter operations . Reactivated in 1981 as a UC - 123K Provider reserve squadron at Rickenbacker ANGB , Ohio for aireal spraying operations . Re - aligned to an F - 4D Phantom II Tactical Fighter squadron in 1982 at Wright - Patterson AFB ; F - 4Ds came from 704th TFS at Bergstrom AFB . Carried Tail Code " DO " , aligned to Tactical Air Command . Was upgraded to F - 16A / B Falcons in 1989 as part of the retirement of the Phantom II , receiving F - 16s from inactivating 474th TFW at Nellis AFB . Inactivated in 1994 as part of post - Cold War drawdown . Replaced by 445th Operations Group with 89th Fighter Squadron transitioning to C - 141B Starlifter s on October 1 , 1994 ( 89th Airlift Squadron ) .
Flammenwerfer M . 16 . The Flammenwerfer M . 16 . was a flamethrower used by German infantry during World War I for clearing trenches and killing riflemen . It was used in 1918 in the battle of Argonne Forest in France against Allied forces , although an account in a 1917 issue of " The Living Age " suggests eye witness accounts of it being used at the Battle of the Somme in 1916 . The " Flammenwerfer " M . 16 was the first flamethrower ever . The Nazis in the 1940s created the sequel , the " Flammenwerfer " 35 . German riflemen would usually be behind flamethrower carrying infantry . The flamethrowers would kill enemy infantry , helping the riflemen move in .
USS Powhatan ( YT - 128 ) The fifth USS " Powhatan " ( YT - 128 ) was a yard tug that served in the United States Navy from 1938 to 1976 . She was reclassified YTM - 128 in 1944 . USS " Powhatan " ( YT - 128 ) was laid down on 28 March 1938 by the Boston Navy Yard , Boston , Massachusetts and launched o 10 June 1938 . She was completed and delivered to the U . S . Navy on 16 September 1938 . " Powhatan " served at Newport , Rhode Island , from 1938 to 1958 . She was reclassified YTM - 128 on 15 May 1944 . She was active at Naval Station Argentia , Newfoundland , from 1958 to 1963 . In 1963 she began service in the 10th Naval District at San Juan , Puerto Rico , where she remained through at least 1970 . Her career from 1970 through 1976 requires further research . " Powhatan " was sold for scrap in 1976 , and was subsequently lost while under tow by USNS " San Juan " to a scrapper in the Carolinas .
Kosmos 2224 Kosmos 2224 ( meaning " Cosmos 2224 " ) is a Russia n US - KMO missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1992 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using infrared telescope s . Kosmos 2224 was launched from Site 200 / 39 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - K carrier rocket with a DM - 2 upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 12 : 45 UTC on 17 December 1992 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into geostationary orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1992 - 088A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22269 . It was operational for 77 months , which was the longest of the US - KMO series until Kosmos 2379 .
Operation Chestnut During World War II , Operation Chestnut was a failed British raid by 2 Special Air Service , conducted in support of the Allied invasion of Sicily . Two teams of ten men each , codenamed ' Pink ' and ' Brig ' , parachuted into northern Sicily on the night of 12 July 1943 , to disrupt communications , transport and the enemy in general . All radios were broken and much ammunition , explosives and food lost in the jump . One team landed near an inhabited area , alerting the defenders . Without radios neither team was able to contact and direct the planes bringing in reinforcements , which subsequently returned to base without any drops being made . The raiders were unable to achieve anything worthwhile and worked their way towards friendly lines evading the enemy . This was the first parachute raid for 2 SAS , and also the raid when Maj . Geoffrey Appleyard , ( former commander of the Small Scale Raiding Force ) , was lost . Appleyard was aboard the plane carrying ' Pink ' team as drop supervisor . After the drop was made the plane failed to return to base .
Falcata The falcata is a type of sword typical of the pre - Roman Iberian Peninsula ( modern Spain and Portugal ) . Name . The term " falcata " is not ancient . It seems to have been coined by Fernando Fulgosio in 1872 , on the model of the Latin expression " ensis falcatus " " sickle - shaped sword " ( which , however , refers to the Harpe ) . He presumably went with " falcata " rather than " falcatus " because both the Portuguese and Spanish word for sword , " espada " , is feminine , although there are other presumable theories . The name caught on very quickly and is now firmly entrenched in the scholarly literature . Shape . The falcata has a one edged blade that pitches forward towards the point , the edge being concave on the lower part of the sword , but convex on top . This shape distributes the weight in such a way that the falcata is capable of delivering a blow with the momentum of an axe , while maintaining the cutting edge of a sword . The hilt is typically hook - shaped , the end often stylized in the shape of a horse or a bird . There is often a thin chain connecting the tip of the hilt with the upper section . Although it was a one - edge weapon , two - edge falcatas have been found . Origin . The falcata - like swords were derived from the sickle - shape knives of the Iron Age ; that too explains their ritual uses . It is thought to have been introduced in the Iberian Peninsula by the Celts who spread the iron technology . It seems that its origin is parallel to the Greek kopis and is not derived from it . Quality and manufacture . Roman armies in the Second Punic War and later , during the Conquest of Hispania , were surprised by the quality of these weapons , used by Iberian mercenaries and warriors . The overall quality of the falcata came not only from the shape , but also from the quality of the iron . Steel plates were buried in the ground for two to three years , corroding the weakened steel from them . The blade was made from three laminas of this steel , joining them in a bloomery . Ornamental and liturgical uses . In the early times of the Celtic tribes in the Iberia , its use was more ornamental and liturgical than military . Very decorated falcatas have been found , namely in tombs , such as the Falcata de Almedinilla . The reasons for its scarcity during early times were , iron was expensive and not yet widely available . In ancient texts . Since " falcata " is not a term used in Classical Latin , it is difficult to tell when , or if it is being referred to in ancient literature . There is , however , one passage that is generally agreed to refer to this type of sword , in Seneca ' s " De Beneficiis " 5 . 24 : Caesar awarded the case to the veteran .
Nalin Angammana Lieutenant General Nalin Angammana ( ) ( 1945 – 1995 ) , Commander of Sri Lanka ' s 3rd army division , was one of the distinguished General s in the Sri Lanka army . He is the most senior officer of Sri Lanka Army to be killed in battlefield during the Sri Lankan Civil War . Angammana was educated at Dharmaraja College , Kandy . He was commissioned to the Sri Lanka Engineers corps as he joined the Army . On July 30 , 1995 , when he was returning from an investigation into a terrorist attack on a government camp , the vehicle he was returning , caught in a land mine buried by the LTTE . Angammana , with 3 other officers was killed due to the explosion . 13 other soldiers were injured .
Battle of Millarapue The Battle of Millarapue that occurred November 30 , 1557 was intended by the Toqui Caupolicán as a Mapuche ambush of the Spanish army of García Hurtado de Mendoza that resulted in a Spanish victory when the ambush failed . History . After the victory of the Spanish arms in the Battle of Lagunillas , Mendoza went into the hostile territory of Arauco looking for a decisive battle . The Spanish royal forces encamped at Millarapue on November 29 . The Mapuche army under Caupolicán tried an ambush at dawn on November 30 , attempting to surprise the enemy camp . That day was the day of San Andres celebrated among the Spaniards and a celebratory morning call of trumpets was interpreted by the Araucanians as an alarm . Believing their ambush detected Caupolicán ordered his army to advance to the attack . Leading some Mapuche warriors from the front was Galvarino , with his handless arms urging on his comrades . The battle was brutal and fierce . The Battle of Millarapue lasted from dawn to early afternoon . Finally the Mapuches were defeated , losing 3 , 000 dead and 800 captured . Captured leaders were hanged , and Galvarino , captured again , was thrown to the dogs . Following the victory the Spanish advanced to Tucapel and settled down to build the fort of Cañete , not very far from where Valdivia ' s old fort of Tucapel had been located .
Hrvatski vojnik Hrvatski vojnik ( ) is a Croatian military magazine published by the Croatian Ministry of Defense . Established in 1991 and billed as the " first Croatian military journal " , the magazine regularly features articles on recent developments in military technology , military history , as well as news about the Croatian Armed Forces ' activities at home and abroad . The magazine underwent several changes in format and frequency throughout its existence . Originally launched as a biweekly newsletter in November 1991 , it was published in that form throughout the Croatian War of Independence ( 1991 – 1995 ) . In the closing months of the war , in May 1995 , " Hrvatski vojnik " was re - launched as a monthly military journal published alongside the ministry ' s new weekly newsletter titled " Velebit " ( named after the eponymous mountain range ) . In 2000 " Velebit " was renamed " Obrana " ( ) and both publications underwent major changes in design and content , with a number of new sections introduced . In October 2004 " Obrana " was merged back into " Hrvatski vojnik " , which then continued to be published weekly . Since 2001 " Hrvatski vojnik " has been a member of the European Military Press Association .