naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
4th Landwehr Division ( German Empire ) The 4th Landwehr Division ( " 4 . Landwehr - Division " ) was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I . It was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the " Higher " Landwehr " Commander 4 " ( " Höherer Landwehr - Kommandeur 4 " ) . The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army , after the regular Army and the reserves . Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves , and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat . The division was primarily raised in the Prussian provinces of Upper and Lower Silesia . It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . The 4th Landwehr Division fought on the Eastern Front in World War I . It was on the front in Poland from the early days , and participated in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive , crossing the Vistula in July and advancing toward the Bug , and eventually reaching the line between the Servech and Shchara rivers near Baranovichi , where the front stabilized . It remained in the line there until the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917 . Thereafter , the division served in Ukraine and in German occupation forces in Russia . In November 1918 , elements of the division were transferred to the Western Front , but had barely arrived in the line by the end of the war . Allied intelligence rated the division as mediocre . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 4th Landwehr Division on mobilization in August 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on February 5 , 1918 . The division underwent several structural changes as the war progressed . It was triangularized in September 1916 , dissolving the 23rd Landwehr Infantry Brigade . Cavalry was reduced , pioneers were increased to a full battalion , and a divisional signals command was created . The division ' s order of battle on February 5 , 1918 was as follows :
Swingfire Swingfire was a British wire - guided anti - tank missile developed in the 1960s and produced from 1966 until 1993 . Development . Swingfire was developed by Fairey Engineering Ltd and the British Aircraft Corporation . It replaced the Vickers Vigilant missile in British service . It was a product of both its predecessor the Vigilant and the experimental Orange William missile . The name comes from the ability of the missile to make a rapid turn of up to ninety degrees after firing to bring it onto the line of the sighting mechanism . This means that the launcher vehicle can be concealed and the operator , using a portable sight , placed at a distance in a more advantageous firing position . Besides its use on the FV438 Swingfire and the Striker armoured vehicles , Swingfire was developed to be launched from other platforms : Combat history . Swingfire has seen combat use in the Gulf War and the Iraq War . Replacement in British Army . After a lengthy debate , the Swingfire was replaced with the Javelin in mid - 2005 to meet new and changing situational requirements . The British Army invested heavily in the Javelin , and it is now the main heavy anti - tank missile system in use by the British Army . Decommissioning problems . Swingfire inadvertently became the subject of questions in the Houses of Parliament in March 2002 when 20 warheads , removed for decommissioning , were washed into the Bristol Channel along with 8 anti - tank mine s . The warhead s , with a total explosive weight equivalent to 64 . 2 kg of TNT , were never located .
Dámaso Berenguer , 1st Count of Xauen Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté ( 4 August 1873 – 19 May 1953 ) was a Spanish soldier and politician . Berenguer was born in San Juan de los Remedios , Cuba , while that island nation was still a Spanish province . He enlisted in the army in 1889 , served in Cuba and Morocco , and was promoted to general in 1909 . In 1918 , he was appointed Minister of War under Prime Minister Manuel García Prieto . From January 1919 to July 1922 he was the High Commissioner of Spanish Morocco . After planning an uprising , however , he was court - martialled and discharged from the service . He was saved , however , by 13 September 1923 coup d ' état of Miguel Primo de Rivera . He was granted an amnesty and appointed military chief of the royal household . In January 1930 , following the forced resignation of the dictator Primo de Rivera , King Alfonso XIII ordered Berenguer to form a government and restore a degree of normality to the country . As prime minister , Berenguer repealed some of the harsher measures introduced by Primo de Rivera , earning his regime the nickname " dictablanda " ( the toothless dictatorship , blanda meaning soft , – as opposed to the preceding " dictadura " , dura the Spanish word for hard ) or " Parum Mentula " . He also faced a number of problems – increasing demands for the abolition of the monarchy ; disorganisation among the country ' s political parties after seven years of repression making the calling of prompt elections an impossible task ; labour unrest ; and at least one military uprising . Berenguer resigned as prime minister on 14 February 1931 ; he was replaced by Admiral Juan Bautista Aznar - Cabañas , under whom he served as Minister of War . Two months later , Alfonso fled the country and the Republic was declared , during which time Berenguer was imprisoned . He died in Madrid in 1953 .
Bill Burkett Bill Burkett was the CBS source in the Killian documents affair of 2004 . He retired as a Lieutenant Colonel from the Texas Army National Guard . He claimed that in 1997 , while outside the governor ' s office in Austin , he allegedly overheard a conversation about " wanting to bury George W . Bush ' s Vietnam service record . " This has been disputed . Burkett had received publicity in 2000 , after making and then retracting a claim that he had been transferred to Panama for refusing " to falsify personnel records of Governor Bush " , and in February 2004 , when he claimed to have knowledge of " scrubbing " of Bush ' s TexANG records . According to the review panel , investigations by major news outlets at the time , including CBS , " revealed inconsistencies . . . which led to questions regarding his credibility and whether his claims could be proven . " Burkett ' s claims about the origins of the documents have since changed several times . He admitted to lying to CBS about the origin of the memos when he said he got them from fellow guardsman George Conn , then claiming that he received the Killian documents from a woman calling herself " Lucy Ramirez . " To date , she has not been identified . The documents , purported to have been typed in the early seventies , were almost certainly produced with a computer using Microsoft Word on default settings . Burkett claims that he burned the originals after faxing copies of the documents to CBS . When asked about Burkett ' s role in the controversy , David Van Os , Burkett ' s lawyer , responded with the hypothetical that someone may have reconstructed documents that the preparer believed existed in 1972 or 1973 .
John H . Dick John H . Dick ( November 9 , 1918 – September 22 , 2011 ) was an American former basketball player and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy . College basketball career . Dick was born and grew up in The Dalles , Oregon and attended the University of Oregon , where he was a forward on the Ducks basketball team from 1938 to 1940 . In 1939 , the Ducks won the Northern Division of the Pacific Coast Conference , and then defeated Southern Division champion California to win the conference championship and a berth in the 1939 NCAA basketball championship , the first edition of the tournament . The Ducks defeated Texas and Oklahoma to advance to the championship game against Ohio State . In the championship game , Dick led all scorers with 15 points as the Ducks won 46 – 33 . Following the championship season , Dick was an All - American for the Ducks in 1940 . U . S . Navy . After the United States entered World War II with the attack on Pearl Harbor , Dick enlisted in the United States Navy as an aviator , eventually achieving the rank of rear admiral . From 1967 to 1969 , he was the captain of the USS " Saratoga " supercarrier . He retired from the Navy in 1973 . Legacy . Dick was a charter member of the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1980 , and in 1993 , was inducted into the University of Oregon Athletic Hall of Fame . Like all starters on their 1939 championship team , Dick ' s number ( 18 ) has been retired by the Ducks . Each year , the Ducks present the Rear Admiral John Dick Award to the team ' s best defender . Dick died on September 22 , 2011 at the age of 92 .
Wilson ' s Creek National Battlefield Wilson ' s Creek National Battlefield at 6424 West Farm Road 182 near Republic , Missouri , preserves the site of the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek . Fought on August 10 , 1861 , it was the first major American Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi River . The Confederate ' s failure to exploit their victory here resulted in keeping Missouri in the Union . Major features include a 5 - mile automobile tour loop , the restored 1852 Ray House , and " Bloody Hill , " the scene of the major battle . The site is located just southwest of the city of Springfield , in southwestern Missouri . Battle at Wilson ' s Creek . The Battle of Wilson ' s Creek , also known as the Battle of Oak Hills , was fought on August 10 , 1861 , near Springfield , Missouri . Union forces were striving to defeat the Missouri State Guard and preserve Missouri for the Union , along with St . Louis , a major port on the Mississippi River . Wilson ' s Creek National Battlefield Park . The battle site was established as Wilson ' s Creek National Battlefield Park on April 22 , 1960 , and was redesignated a National Battlefield on December 16 , 1970 . As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service , the battlefield was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . The visitor center offers brochures about the 4 . 9 mile self - guided tour of the battlefield , and is the location for special events . The Wilson ' s Creek Civil War Museum ( formerly the General Sweeny Museum ) , contains artifacts relating to the war west of the Mississippi and exhibits about the war and war life , and is located north of the visitor ' s center . The 1850s Ray House is a historic house museum that was the site of a temporary field hospital for Southern soldiers after the battle . The house is open on weekends in the summer .
SS Amelia Earhart SS " Amelia Earhart " ( Hull Number 117 ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Amelia Earhart , an American female aviator who disappeared over the Pacific Ocean . The ship was laid down on 19 October 1942 , then launched on 18 December 1942 . The ship survived the war , including the largest trade convoy HX 300 ; but it was wrecked and declared a total loss in 1948 .
HMS Delight ( D119 ) HMS " Delight " was a " Daring " - class destroyer of the British Royal Navy , launched in 1950 and broken up at Inverkeithing in 1971 . In 1956 she formed part of the Royal Navy ' s force used during the Suez Operation .
Federalist No . 26 Federalist No . 26 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton , the twenty - sixth of the " Federalist Papers " . It was published on December 22 , 1787 under the pseudonym Publius , the name under which all the " Federalist Papers " were published . This is the first of three essays discussing the threat to the common good stemming from excessive restraint on legislative authority . It is titled , " The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered . " Precis . Publius outlines the fallacy of restricting the government ' s power to control the military . He reasons that restricting the size of standing armies is necessary for a people ' s government to function , but preventing standing armies altogether is outright foolish . He argues that the new system would require the Congress to consider the necessity of standing armies every two years . He states that the majority of laws meant to prevent standing armies are vague and ineffective .
35th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 35th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment , the " Jefferson County Regiment " , was an infantry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . This regiment was accepted by the State May 25 , 1861 ; organized at Elmira , and there mustered in the service of the United States for two years June 11 , 1861 . May 18 , 1863 , the three years ' men of the regiment were transferred to the 80th Infantry . The regiment left the State July 9 , 1861 ; served at and near Washington , D . C . , from July , 1861 ; in Porter ' s Brigade , Army of Northeastern Virginia , from July , 1861 ; in Hunter ' s Brigade , Division of Potomac , from August , 1861 ; in Wadsworth ' s Brigade , Irvin McDowell ' s Division , Army of the Potomac , from October , 1861 ; in 2d , Patrick ' s , Brigade , 3d , King ' s , Division , 1st Corps , Army of the Potomac , from March , 1862 ; in 2d Brigade , King ' s Division , Department of Rappahannock , from May , 1862 ; in 3d Brigade , 1st Division , 3d Corps , Army of Virginia , from June , 1862 ; in same brigade and division , 1st Corps , Army of the Potomac , from September , 1862 ; in the Provost Guard Brigade , Army of the Potomac , from January , 1863 ; at Aquia Creek from April , 1863 ; and was honorably discharged and mustered out June 5 , 1863 , at Elmira . The companies were recruited principally : The 35th camped on Meridian Hill ; moved to Arlington House and was engaged for a time in construction work on Fort Tillinghast and Fort Craig , and moved to Falls Church , Virginia , where it passed the winter of 1861 - 62 . In March , 1862 , camp was broken for the Manassas movement and in April the 35th proceeded to Falmouth , Virginia . During the latter part of August , the regiment was in action at Rappahannock Station , Sulphur Springs , Gainesville , and participated in the second battle of Bull Run . It was present at Chantilly , but not closely engaged and then returned to Falls Church . At South Mountain the command lost 13 in killed , wounded and missing , and at Antietam the loss was 67 . Until October , the regiment encamped at Sharpsburg , Maryland , then moved to Brooks ' station , and was held in reserve at Fredericksburg , Virginia until the day of the battle , when the loss was 23 killed , wounded and missing . In January , 1863 , the regiment was assigned to the provost guard brigade , which was stationed at Falmouth , and also performed guard duty along the Aquia Creek railroad . In May , the regiment left Aquia Creek for Elmira . Total strength and casualties . The total enrollment of the regiment was 1 , 250 . During its service the regiment lost by death , killed in action , 1 officer , 25 enlisted men ; of wounds received in action , 18 enlisted men ; of disease and other causes , 56 enlisted men ; total , 1 officer , 99 enlisted men ; aggregate , 100 ; of whom 5 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy .
HMAS Labuan ( L3501 ) HMAS " Labuan " ( L3501 ) ( formerly HMA " LST 3501 ) was a Mark III Tank Landing Ship that served in the Royal Navy ( as HMS " LST 3501 ) during World War II , and with the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) from 1946 until 1951 . Design and construction . " LST 3501 " was built by Canadian Vickers at their shipyard in Montreal , Canada . The vessel was launched on 31 August 1944 . The Mark 3 LST had a light load displacement of , with a maximum beachable displacement of beaching . They were in length overall , with a beam of , and a maximum draught of at the stern . Propulsion was provided by triple expansion engines , which delivered to the two propellers . Maximum speed was , with a range of at . The LCTs had a ship ' s company of 104 , and a maximum load of 168 troops , 18 40 - ton tanks , 27 trucks , and 7 Landing Craft Mechanized . In RAN service , " LST 3501 " was armed with ten 20 mm Oerlikon s : four twin and two single mounts . Operational history . " LST 3501 " operated with the Royal Navy during World War II . In 1946 , " LST 3501 " and five other Mark 3 LSTs were loaned to the RAN . They were all commissioned into RAN service on 1 July 1946 . In 1947 , " LST 3501 " was selected to assist in the establishment of , then provide logistic support to , the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition ( ANARE ) research facilities on Heard Island and Macquarie Island . The vessel was repainted yellow to assist with visual identification in Antarctic waters , and modified slightly to carry a Supermarine Walrus seaplane , which was launched by derrick . On 28 November 1947 , " LST 3501 " departed from Fremantle with fourteen ANARE personnel and twelve months of supplies , arriving at Heard Island on 12 December and offloading the supplies and scientists . On 5 January , the Walrus was lost during foul weather , and was not replaced . The ship returned to Melbourne , where more stores and a second group of 13 ANARE personnel were loaded before " LST 3501 " sailed to Macquarie Island on 28 February 1948 , arriving seven days later . After unloading for the second time , the landing ship waited for the arrival of the research vessel in late March before returning to Australia . " LST 3501 " was renamed HMAS " Labuan " on 16 December 1948 , after the island of Labuan . She returned to the islands on five occasions to deliver supplies and transfer personnel : Heard Island during January to March 1949 , 1950 , and 1951 , and Macquarie Island in April 1949 and 1950 . Decommissioning and fate . The landing ship was heavily damaged during the 1951 visit to Heard Island . She paid off to reserve on 28 September 1951 and was sold for disposal on 9 November 1955 .
USS Sheliak ( AKA - 62 ) USS " Sheliak " ( AKA - 62 ) was an named after Beta Lyrae , a binary star system in the constellation Lyra . She was one of a handful of AKA ' s manned by a Coast Guard crew . USS " Sheliak " served as a commissioned ship for 17 months . " Sheliak " ( AKA - 62 ) was laid down on 19 June 1944 under Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 214 ) by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co . , Kearny , N . J . ; launched on 17 October 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Nellie Blanch Regan ; and commissioned on 1 December 1944 , Comdr . Searcy V . Lowery , USCG , in command . Service history . " Sheliak " arrived in Hampton Roads on 14 December 1944 and underwent shakedown training there from 15 to 21 December . After repairs at Norfolk , Virginia , she arrived at Bayonne , New Jersey , on 28 December to load cargo for the Pacific . Departing Bayonne on 4 January 1945 , " Sheliak " delivered her cargo to Pearl Harbor on 25 January . From 2 to 5 February , she underwent training at Pearl Harbor ; and , from 5 to 13 February , she received 1 , 827 tons of Tenth Army equipment , plus other cargo and 201 troops . Departing Pearl Harbor on 15 February , " Sheliak " arrived at Tulagi on 25 February and underwent pre - invasion training there . Departing Tulagi on 15 March , she arrived at Ulithi on the 21st and sailed from there for the Okinawa invasion on 27 March . " Sheliak " arrived off the beach at Okinawa on 1 April ; and , for the first seven days , provided cargo on call to troops ashore . After general unloading was ordered , she put the Tenth Army cargo ashore between 8 and 17 April . During these operations , she shot down one Japanese aircraft on 15 April . " Sheliak " departed Okinawa on 19 April ; and , sailing via Ulithi and Pearl Harbor , arrived at San Francisco on 14 May . There , her crew altered her cargo spaces to carry ammunition ; and , between 28 May and 5 July , she made two round - trips carrying ammunition from Port Chicago , California to Pearl Harbor . She was unloading her third cargo of ammunition at Pearl Harbor when the Pacific War ended , and she returned the ammunition still on board to San Francisco . On 1 October , the cargo ship delivered 18 landing craft to Monterey , California ; and , on 15 October , she sailed from San Francisco with general cargo and passengers for various Pacific bases . She called at Pearl Harbor , Manus , Samar , Subic Bay , and Guam before returning to San Francisco on 22 February 1946 . On 15 March , she sailed from San Francisco and arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , on 3 April for deactivation . Decommissioning and sale . " Sheliak " was decommissioned on 10 May 1946 , transferred to the War Shipping Administration the following day , and struck from the Navy List on 21 May . Sold into mercantile service as SS " Pioneer Isle " in 1948 , she was renamed " Australian Isle " in 1965 and " Transluna " in 1969 before being scrapped later that year . Awards . " Sheliak " received one battle star for her World War II service .
Combat endurance Combat endurance is the time for which a military system can remain in combat before having to withdraw due to depleted resources . The definition is not precise ; for example the combat endurance of an aircraft , without qualification , is usually the time the aircraft can remain at an altitude suitable for combat , but in a particular theatre of operations it is the time it can remain in the area of combat . During the Battle of Britain the combat endurance of German fighters was the time they could remain over Britain , i . e . , their inherent combat endurance less the time to travel from their base to Britain , and the time to return — about 15 minutes . The United States Department of Defense and NATO define endurance as , " The time an aircraft can continue flying , or a ground vehicle or ship can continue operating , under specified conditions , e . g . , without refueling . " Combat endurance training is also used for a system of physical training associated with stamina .
CamelBak CamelBak Products , LLC ( stylized as CK ) is an outdoors equipment company based in Petaluma , California , best known for its hydration products , such as hydration pack s and water bottles . CamelBak is also a supplier of hydration packs , protective gear , and other products to the U . S . military and law enforcement agencies around the world . Etymology . The CamelBak name comes from a play on the urban legend that a camel stores water in its hump . In reality , those humps store fat . Hydration packs . CamelBak ' s hydration packs come in capacities of 1 . 5 to 3 . 1 litres ( 50 – 102 US fluid oz ) in a back pack style primarily for biking , hiking , and other outdoor activities , with smaller belt - type 830 mL to 1 . 3 litre ( 28 – 45 US fluid oz ) packs designed for runners and walkers . CamelBak also makes bottles , general purpose backpacks , and some specialized military and law - enforcement gear , ranging from simple back - worn water reservoirs with little to no cargo capacity , to large rucksack s with various accessories , even PALS webbing to accommodate MOLLE gear . Water bottles . CamelBak manufactures a line of water bottle s , including water bottles with a dip straw and a collapsible bite valve , as well as one designed for cyclists with a centered valve , no dip straw and a squeezable body . These and similar reusable bottles increased in popularity when bottled water consumption was denounced by environmentalists . Since 2008 , these water bottles are manufactured without BPA , a potentially toxic chemical commonly used to harden polycarbonate plastic .