naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Craterus Craterus ( Greek : " Κρατερός " , ca . 370 BC – 321 BC ) was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi . He was the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Alexander from Orestis and brother of admiral Amphoterus . Craterus commanded the phalanx and all infantry on the left wing in Battle of Issus ( 333 BC ) . In Hyrcania he was sent on a mission against the Tapurians , his first independent command with the Macedonian army . At the Battle of the Hydaspes River ( 326 BC , near modern Jhelum ) he commanded the rearguard , which stayed on the western bank ; his men crossed the river only during the final stages of the battle . At large festivities in Susa , Craterus married princess Amastris , daughter of Oxyathres , the brother of Darius III . Craterus and Polyperchon were appointed to lead 11 , 500 veteran soldiers back to Macedonia . Craterus was in Cilicia , where he was building the fleet , when Alexander unexpectedly died in Babylon . In 322 BC Craterus aided Antipater in the Lamian War against Athens . He sailed with his Cilician navy to Greece and led troops at the Battle of Crannon in 322 BC . When Antigonus rose in rebellion against Perdiccas and Eumenes , Craterus joined him , alongside Antipater and Ptolemy . He married Antipater ' s daughter Phila . He was killed in battle against Eumenes in Asia Minor when his charging horse fell over him , somewhere near the Hellespont , in 321 BC .
Waterloo ceremony The Waterloo Ceremony takes place at Windsor Castle each year on June 18 . History . Stratfield Saye in Hampshire was bought by the people of the UK for the first Duke of Wellington ; a gift for winning the Battle of Waterloo . Every year , the current Duke of Wellington pays a symbolic rent to the reigning Monarch . The Ceremony . A silk French tricolour , with gold embroidery , and imprinted with the year of presentation upon it , is handed to HM The Queen by the Duke on the anniversary of the victory of the battle , while the Queen is at Windsor . Therefore a new flag is produced each year . Once the Queen is presented with the flag , it is taken by the Castle Superintendent , to the Guard Chamber , and is placed above a bust of the first Duke of Wellington .
Ole C . Johnson Ole Johnson ( February 23 , 1838 - November 4 , 1886 ) was a Norwegian - American soldier in the American Civil War who served with the Scandinavian Regiment . Background . Ole Johnson was born on the Skipnes Farm , ( " Skibsnes " ) , near Nordsjø , in Helgen Parish , Telemark , Norway . He came to the United States with his parents and four siblings , arriving in New York on board the " Salvator " , on July 6 , 1844 . The family went to Whitewater , Walworth County , Wisconsin . In 1852 , they moved to Koshkonong , Wisconsin . Johnson studied law at Beloit College . He became a school teacher in Stoughton . Civil War . When the Civil War broke out , Johnson joined the Scandinavian Regiment ( 15th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiment ) and was appointed captain of Company B . After the battle at Perryville , Johnson was promoted to the rank of major . He took part in the battle of Murfreesboro and reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in March 1863 . The Scandavian Regiment was heavily mauled at the battle of Chickamauga with approximately 63 % killed , wounded or captured . Colonel Hans Christian Heg who had commanded the Regiment since its formation was killed and Johnson was captured . Johnson was held in Libby Prison in Virginia before it was decided in May 1864 to move him to another prison . At Chesterville , Johnson and two others escaped from the railroad car they were being transported in . After a month , the men were able to rejoin the Union Army at Strawberry Plains , Tennessee . Johnson was promoted to colonel and took command of the Scandinavian Regiment on July 24 , 1864 , remaining with the regiment until the end of the war . Post Civil War . After the war Johnson went into business and settled in Beloit , Rock County , Wisconsin , becoming active in the Republican Party and was elected mayor of Beloit . Johnson was appointed Immigration Commissioner of the state of Wisconsin . Later he became president of the Watertown Bank . Johnson married on January 3 , 1867 to Caroline Freie Bödtker . They had one child , a son , named Wilfor Chickamauga Shipness . In his later years , Johnson had adopted the last name “ Skipnes ” , the name of his family farm in Norway . Ole Johnson died in Beloit , Wisconsin .
Italian submarine Axum The Italian submarine " Axum " was an Italian " Adua " - class submarine serving in the Regia Marina during World War II . She was named after the holy city of Axum , in Ethiopia . She was built in the CRDA shipyard , in Monfalcone . She formed part of the 7th Group - 71st Squadron of the submarine fleet . " Axum " was ordered to intercept and block an Allied convoy to Malta , on 12 August 1942 , north of Bizerta , Tunisia . The convoy formed part of the allied Operation " Pedestal " . The " Axum " succeeded in sinking the Royal Navy light cruiser , and damaging the cruiser and the oil tanker with a single salvo of four torpedoes . " Axum " was still in operation on 8 September 1943 , when the Allies and Italy signed the armistice . " Axum " arrived in Malta the day after the armistice , and joined the Allies . On 29 December 1943 , during a mission near Morea , she ran aground , and was scuttled .
Regime change " Regime change " is the replacement of one regime with another . Use of the term dates to at least 1925 . Regime change can occur through conquest by a foreign power , revolution , coup d ' état or reconstruction following the failure of a state . Regime change may replace all or part of the state ' s existing institutions , administrative apparatus , bureaucracy and other elements . Popular use . The transition from one political regime to another , esp through concerted political or military action - most recently seen in the regime change undergone by Tunisia . The term has been popularized by recent US presidents . Bill Clinton and George W . Bush regularly used the term in reference to Saddam Hussein ' s regime in Iraq . Ronald Reagan had previously called for regime change in Libya , directing the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) to work towards that goal . The term regime change is sometimes erroneously used to describe a change in the government of the day . The term regime change can also be applied to bodies other than nation state s . Internal regime change . Regime change can be precipitated by revolution or a coup d ' état . The Russian Revolution , the 1962 Burmese coup and the 1990 collapse of communism in Eastern Europe are consummate examples . Less violent examples of internally driven regime change are the establishment of the French Fifth Republic and the Federation of Australia . In academic use . In addition to the above uses , the term ' regime change ' can also be used in a more general sense , particularly in academic work , to refer to a change in political institutions or laws that affect the nature of the system as a whole . For example , the end of the Bretton Woods system was a regime change in the international system , as was the repeal of the National Mandatory Speed Limit in the United States . Regime changes are often viewed as ideal opportunities for natural experiment s by social scientists . Role of the United States . The United States has been involved in and assisted in the overthrow of foreign governments ( more recently termed " regime change " ) without the overt use of U . S . military force . Often , such operations are tasked to the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) .
John Coleman ( Medal of Honor ) John Coleman ( October 9 , 1847 – November 25 , 1897 ) was a United States Marine who received the United States military ' s highest decoration for bravery — the Medal of Honor — for his actions during the Korean Expedition . He was Irish - born , and received the Medal for saving the life of Boatswain ' s Mate Alexander McKenzie while under enemy attack on the . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization . Private , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : October 9 , 1847 , Ireland . Accredited to : California . G . O . No . 169 , February 8 , 1872 . Citation . On board the U . S . S . Colorado in action at Korea on 11 June 1871 . Fighting hand - to - hand with the enemy , Coleman succeeded in saving the life of Alexander McKenzie .
United States Navy Steel Band The US Navy Steel Band was the first all - American and only military steel band . It was organized in 1957 by Rear Admiral Daniel V . Gallery , from the band assigned to him , while he was commander of the Tenth Naval District in San Juan , Puerto Rico . The band was originally called Admiral Dan ' s Pandemonaics and this remained as a subname after they became the US Navy Steel Band . The band was stationed in Puerto Rico until 1973 , when they moved to New Orleans , LA . From there , stationed at the Naval Support Activity Base in the Algiers section of New Orleans , they increased their performance schedule . Between 1973 and 1979 alone the band traveled over a million and a half miles , and performed as many as 500 concerts a year . They were disbanded in 1999 .
17th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 17th Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 17th Michigan Infantry was organized at Detroit , Michigan , between August 8 and August 22 , 1862 . Most of the soldiers in the regiment were from south - central Michigan , and Company E was composed largely of students from Michigan State Normal College , today known as Eastern Michigan University . They trained at Fort Wayne under their first commander , Colonel William H . Withington , until August 27 , when they left for Maryland . At the Battle of South Mountain , Maryland , on September 14 , 1862 , the regiment saw its first major action . Although they took heavy casualties , the 17th performed well for an untried unit and earned the nickname " Stonewall Regiment " . Three days later , they participated in the Battle of Antietam as part of the 1st Brigade , 1st Division , IX Corps . The regiment was mustered out of service on June 3 , 1865 . Eight men from the regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor : Captain Christian Rath of the 17th Michigan acted as the executioner at the hanging of four people convicted of involvement in the assassination of President Lincoln : George Atzerodt , David Herold , Lewis Powell , and Mary Surratt . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 7 officers and 128 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 154 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 289 fatalities .
784th Bombardment Squadron The 784th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 466th Bombardment Group . It was inactivated at Davis - Monthan Field , Arizona on 17 October 1945 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb group ; trained under Second Air Force in Idaho . Completed training in early 1944 ; deploying to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England . Engaged in long - range strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , March 1944 - May 1945 attacking enemy military and industrial targets as part of the United States ' air offensive against Nazi Germany . Most personnel demobilized in Europe after the German capitulation in May 1945 ; a small cadre returned to the United States , being programmed for conversion to being a B - 29 Superfortress very heavy bomb squadron and deployment to the Central Pacific to engage in strategic bombardment over Japan . Training ended after Japanese capitulation in August 1945 , unit inactivated in October ; its training aircraft being assigned to other squadrons or sent to storage .
USS Ameera ( SP - 453 ) USS " Ameera " ( SP - 453 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Ameera " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1917 by the Mathis Yacht Building Company at Camden , New Jersey . On 23 July 1917 , the U . S . Navy purchased her from Alexander Sellers of Ardmore , Pennsylvania , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Ameera " ( SP - 453 ) on 11 August 1917 with Chief Boatswain ' s Mate C . E . Pearson in command . Assigned to the 4th Naval District , " Ameera " carried out patrol duties there for the remainder of World War I . After the war ended on 11 November 1918 , she performed dispatch boat and port duties at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , until she was placed in reduced commission at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in June 1919 . On 24 July 1919 , " Ameera " was ordered to be sold . She was decommissioned in September 1919 and sold at auction on 27 April 1920 to Mr . T . E . Mitten .
James W . Fous James William Fous ( October 14 , 1946 – May 14 , 1968 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Fous was born in Omaha , Nebraska , on October 14 , 1946 , and graduated from that city ' s Central High School in 1964 . He subsequently attended the University of Nebraska , and joined the Army from his hometown in 1967 . By May 14 , 1968 , was serving as a private first class in Company E , 4th Battalion , 47th Infantry Regiment , 9th Infantry Division . On that day , in Kiến Hòa Province , Republic of Vietnam , Fous smothered the blast of an enemy - thrown hand grenade with his body , sacrificing his life to protect the soldiers around him . Fous , aged 21 at his death , was buried in Fort McPherson National Cemetery , Maxwell , Nebraska . Medal of Honor citation . Private Fous ' official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Pfc . Fous distinguished himself at the risk of his life while serving as a rifleman with Company E . Pfc . Fous was participating in a reconnaissance - in - force mission when his unit formed its perimeter defense for the night . Pfc . Fous , together with 3 other American soldiers , occupied a position in a thickly vegetated area facing a woodline . Pfc . Fous detected 3 Viet Cong maneuvering toward his position and , after alerting the other men , directed accurate fire upon the enemy soldiers , silencing 2 of them . The third Viet Cong soldier managed to escape in the thick vegetation after throwing a hand grenade into Pfc . Fous ' position . Without hesitation , Pfc . Fous shouted a warning to his comrades and leaped upon the lethal explosive , absorbing the blast with his body to save the lives of the 3 men in the area at the sacrifice of his life . Pfc . Fous ' extraordinary heroism at the cost of his life were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
German submarine U - 2322 German submarine U - 2322 was a highly advanced Type XXIII U - boat built for the Kriegsmarine in 1944 . " U - 2322 " was one of just a few such boats to undertake an operational patrol , and one of only three to undergo two . During these patrols , she succeeded in sinking a single British freighter , one of five ships sunk by this submarine class . " U - 2321 " was built at Hamburg in just four months , being ready by July 1944 . As a prototype of a new class of boats , she was not ready for active service until 1945 , as there were numerous engineering difficulties to contend with and the crew had to be trained to manage the new boat and new operational tactics practised and decided on . When she was finally ready for a war patrol in February 1945 , it was more as an experiment into the abilities of the boat than a real attempt to damage allied shipping . War Patrol . Leaving Horten in Norway on the 6 February , " U - 2322 " proceeded to the East coast of Scotland , particularly in the area of St Abb ' s Head , where lone coastal shipping sometimes passed , believing that German U - boat s would not bother waiting in such a dangerous spot for such insignificant prey . This plan finally worked on the 25 February , when the 1 , 300 ton coastal cruiser SS " Egholm " was sunk by a torpedo . This first and only success for " U - 2322 " was achieved in the dark off Holy Island . The rest of this patrol was unsuccessful . The second patrol , off East Anglia in April was totally fruitless , powerful allied escorts and well - organised convoys effectively cutting off the small U - boats from their potential targets . The only advantage gained in these patrols was that no Type XXIII boat was lost in the North Sea , all losses coming in German waters from indirect sources like accident , bombing raids and naval mines . When Germany surrendered , " U - 2322 " was at Stavanger in Norway , from where it sailed to Loch Ryan in Scotland for disposal in Operation Deadlight . Towed out to sea on the 27 November , the unmaintained and rusting boat was destroyed as a naval gunnery target .
Stefan Frankowski Stefan Frankowski ( 3 April 1887 in Volhynia - 25 September 1940 in Bielawa ) was a Polish commodore , posthumously promoted to counteradmiral . An officer of surface naval ships , from 1908 to 1917 he served in the Russian Imperial Navy Navy and participated in the First World War . Later he joined the Polish Navy and commanded a squadron of torpedo boat s , was the commander of the Polish Navy NCO School , and was chief of Director Staff of Polish Navy . During the Polish Defensive War of 1939 he was a commander of Naval Coast Defence . Taken prisoner of war by the Germans , he died in captivity in 1940 .
Regiment Huzaren Van Sytzama The Regiment Huzaren Van Sytzama is a Dutch armored regiment named for J . G . Baron van Sytzama . Its origins may be traced to the French 14th Regiment of Cuirassier s which had in turn been formed from the Dutch 2nd Regiment of Cuirassiers in 1810 . From these men , the Baron raised the regiment , later styled 1e Regiment Huzaren , which distinguished itself at Waterloo .
Dryhope Tower Dryhope Tower is a ruined Scottish pele tower in the valley of the Yarrow Water , in the historic county of Selkirkshire , now part of the Scottish Borders . It lies approximately equidistant between the burgh s of Moffat and Selkirk , and defended the north eastern end of St Mary ' s Loch . The site itself was protected on two sides , to the east by the Dryhope Burn and to the west by the Kirkstead Burn . Construction . Built of local stone , Dryhope Tower was originally a four storey building , with the first two storeys of vaulted construction . The tower rests within the remains of a barmkin which also contained other buildings . History . The tower was likely to have been raised according to a statute of the Parliament of Scotland in 1535 , that required large landholders in the Borderlands to build barmkins of stone and lime , sixty square feet in area and with walls of one ell thickness and six ells in height " for the resett and defense of him , his tennents , and his gudis in troublous tyme " . The castle belonged to the Scotts of Dryhope , and a daughter of the House , Mary Scott was known as the " Flower of Yarrow " and was also an ancestor of Sir Walter Scott . Mary was given in marriage to Wat Scott of Kirkhope , a notorious Border Reiver . The property passed to Wat Scott ' s family , the Scotts of Harden , and Scott took possession of Dryhope following his marriage . However , in 1592 , Wat Scott fell out of favour with King James VI due to his association with Francis Stewart , 1st Earl of Bothwell . King James levied an army and proceeded through the forest and slighted many houses of his opponents . Wat Scott did not get off lightly and Dryhope was amongst Scott of Harden ' s fortalices that were slighted . The tower seems to have been rebuilt by 1613 . The castle fell into terminal decay in the latter part of the 17th century and was acquired by the senior branch of the Scotts , the Dukes of Buccleuch . Dryhope Tower today belongs to the Philiphaugh Estate , and has recently been undergoing stabilisation work .
Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov ( ; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov , Russia ) is a prominent Russian military and political figure . From 2000 to 2012 , he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast . Biography . He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school , the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow , as well as the General Staff Academy . During the Soviet war in Afghanistan , Gromov did three tours of duty ( 1980 – 1982 , 1985 – 1986 , 1987 – 1989 ) , and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan . Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave Afghanistan , crossing on foot the Friendship Bridge spanning the Amu - Daria river on 15 February 1989 , the day the Soviet pullout from Afghanistan was completed . He received the highest military award – the golden star of the Hero of the Soviet Union after Operation Magistral had lifted the siege of the city of Khost in eastern Afghanistan . After the Afghan war , he was chosen as a candidate for Vice President by the Communist Party in the Russian presidential election of 1991 ( the candidate for President was former Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov ) . He served as First Deputy Defence Minister of the Russian Federation . In 1994 Gromov retired from the Russian Military Forces , and was soon appointed deputy Interior Minister . He was elected in 1995 to the State Duma , lower house of Russian parliament . In January 2000 he was elected governor of the Moscow region and re - elected in December 2003 .
Engin de débarquement amphibie rapide The Engin de débarquement amphibie rapide ( EDA - R ) is a class of Roll - on / Roll - off catamaran landing craft ( L - CAT ) ordered by the French Navy . They transport weapons systems , equipment , cargo and personnel of the assault elements from " Mistral " class amphibious assault ship s to shore and across the beach . Design and development . Concept design of the EDA - R began in 2000 at Constructions industrielles de la Méditerranée ( CNIM ) then was abandoned in 2003 and relaunched in 2008 with the full - scale Landing Catamaran ( L - Cat ) . During the development stage , one prototype was built by Gamelin Shipyard and tested during an autonomous transfer from Saint - Malo to the Military port of Toulon . On 14 October 2008 , the prototype of the L - Cat beached on the shores of Toulon . On March 2010 , it offloads one 54 - tons Leclerc main battle tank at Toulon . According to CNIM the craft delivers the performance of an aircushion landing craft but at the cost of a conventional landing craft . Four units have been purchased and were presented to officials of the Navy in January 2011
Mahdi al - Arabi Mahdi al - Arabi , is a Libyan Brigadier - General who served under the Libyan Armed Forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi . He was the deputy chief of staff of the Libyan army . During the 2011 Libyan civil war he was put in charge of helping to suppress protests , most notably in the Libyan city of Zawiya . On 21 August , anti - Gaddafi forces reportedly arrested Arabi in Zawiya . Video purportedly of Arabi in detention was posted to YouTube on 11 September .