naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Australian official war artists Australian official war artists are those who have been expressly employed by either the Australian War Memorial ( AWM ) or the Army Military History Section ( or its antecedents ) . These artist soldiers depicted some aspect of war through art ; this might be a pictorial record or it might commemorate how war shapes lives . War artists have explored a visual and sensory dimension of war which is often absent in written histories or other accounts of warfare . Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield ; but there are many other types of war artist . A war artist creates a visual account of war by showing its impact as men and women are shown waiting , preparing , fighting , suffering , celebrating , The works produced by war artists illustrate and record many aspects of war , and the individual ' s experience of war , whether allied or enemy , service or civilian , military or political , social or cultural . The rôle of the artist and his work embraces the causes , course and consequences of conflict and it has an essentially educational purpose . For example , C . E . W . Bean ' s " Anzac Book " influenced the artists who grew up between the two world wars ; and the war art of their childhoods provided a precedent and format for them to follow as war artists of the Second World War . The AWM have appointed war artists to record the activities of Australian forces in Korea , Vietnam , East Timor and Afghanistan ; and both the AWM and the Australian Army have appointed official war artists to depict Australian forces in Iraq . First World War . The Australian tradition of war artists started with the First World War . Will Dyson , an expatriate Australian artist living in London petitioned the Australian government to allow him to travel to the Western Front where Australian forces were fighting . In 1917 he was finally granted permission to accompany the Australian Imperial Force to record the activities of its soldiers and thus became the first Australian official war artist . This early scheme was expanded upon and other Australian artists were commissioned to undertake forays to the front lines to record the Australian experience of war . Artists who had already enlisted and were fighting with the AIF , were appointed official war artists for the Australian Army . Second World War . During the Second World War , the Australian War Memorial , continued the scheme and appointed war artists whilst the Australian Army , Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force appointed their own official war artists from within their ranks . Other venues have honored Australian participation in the war .
USS Chase ( DD - 323 ) The first USS " Chase " ( DD - 323 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for Reuben Chase . History . " Chase " was launched 2 September 1919 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , San Francisco , California ; sponsored by Mrs . J . A . Annear ; and commissioned 10 March 1921 , Lieutenant Commander C . E . Battle , Jr . , in command . Cruising primarily along the west coast of the United States , " Chase " took part in training operations and fleet maneuvers . She took part in the Presidential Fleet Review at Seattle , Washington , in 1923 , and in 1927 cruised in Nicaraguan waters to protect American interests while civil war took place in that country . In 1928 she cruised to Hawaii with members of the Naval Reserve on board for training , and in 1929 she operated off San Diego , California with and assisting the development of US carrier aviation . Designated for scrapping under the provisions of the London Naval Treaty , " Chase " was decommissioned at San Diego 15 May 1930 , and broken up during 1931 .
497th Combat Training Squadron The 497th Combat Training Squadron is a United States Air Force unit . Its present assignment is to Singapore ' s Paya Lebar Air Base , where its mission is to provides operational and logistical support to U . S . Air Force fighter aircraft deployed to Singapore for training exercises with the Republic of Singapore Air Force . Overview . Approximately three deployments of USAF F - 15s and F - 16s from both Active Duty and National Guard units from around the world are made each year to Singapore under the auspices of EXERCISE COMMANDO SLING . The squadron supports / participates in regional exercise and global contingencies , and provides housing ; morale , recreation and welfare facilities and programs : medical services ; force protection to resources and personnel ; and legal , financial , communications , and contracting support to assigned and deployed personnel . The 497th CTS comprises the basic functional elements of a small - scale USAF fighter wing - fighter operations , flightline logistics , community and mission support , and medical services . With a permanently assigned staff of 37 personnel , the 497th CTS represents the entire USAF presence in Singapore . However , six times a year for up to four weeks the squadron " grows " to between 120 and 190 in strength , with the deployment of 6 to 12 F - 15 and / or F - 16 aircraft and the associated 75 to 150 support personnel . When so configured , the 497 CTS " presence " is transformed into an operational role , to conduct an intense schedule of air - to - air combat training with the RSAF . The 497 CTS also supports USAF fighter rotations to Southwest Asia and several other regional exercises such as COPE TAUFAN , COPE TIGER , and COPE WEST . An example of the 497th CTS ' s " expanding capability " occurred in May 1998 during COMMANDO SLING 98 - 4 when they also supported the ordered departure of U . S . personnel from Indonesia . Paya Lebar Air Base ramp at that time had 28 USAF F - 15s , four USAF C - 130s , four USAF KC - 135s , one C - 141 , one C - 17 , plus all the permanently based RSAF aircraft and aircraft from other nations . All were supported by 497 CTS and RSAF personnel . Additionally , COMMANDO SLING 98 - 4 was the first time the normally bilateral exercise was expanded to include the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) F / A - 18 Hornets . The commander is also the Designated Commanding Officer for legal jurisdiction over U . S . military personnel in nine Southeast Asian countries . It is a tenant command under Naval Region Singapore and shares space at the Sembawang Terminal with Task Force 73 / Commander , Logistics Group Western Pacific and a space a Paya Lebar Air Base ( PLAB ) . History . Operational training unit , June 1942 – October 1943 ; replacement training , October 1943 – April 1944 . Air defense of West coast , 1953 – 1955 ; Air Defense of Southwest Europe , 1958 – 1964 . Combat in Southeast Asia , 1965 – 1974 ; Defense of South Korea , 1974 – 1988 . Combat training in Southeast Asia , 1991 – present
Wadsworth ' s cipher Wadsworth ' s cipher was a cipher invented by Decius Wadsworth , a Colonel in the Ordnance Corps of the United States Army . In 1817 , he developed a progressive cipher system based on a 1790 design by Thomas Jefferson , establishing a method that was continuously improved upon and used until the end of World War II . Wadsworth ' s system involved a set of two disks , one inside the other , where the outer disk had the 26 letters of the alphabet and the numbers 2 - 8 , and the inner disk had only the 26 letters . The disks were geared together at a ratio of 26 : 33 . To encipher a message , the inner disk was turned until the desired letter was at the top position , with the number of turns required for the result transmitted as ciphertext . Due to the gearing , a ciphertext substitution for a character did not repeat until all 33 characters for the plaintext letter had been used . Wadsworth never got credit for his design because Charles Wheatstone invented an almost identical machine several years after Wadsworth , and got all the credit .
Angon The angon ( Medieval Greek , Old High German " ango " , Old English " anga " " hook , point , spike " ) was a type of javelin used during the Early Middle Ages by the Franks and other Germanic peoples including the Anglo - Saxons . It was similar to , and probably derived from , the pilum used by the Roman army and had a barbed head and long narrow socket or shank made of iron mounted on a wooden haft . It was rare on the battlefield , despite the claim by Agathias , being found mostly in the grave goods of the wealthy . The " Fragmentary Chronicle of Saragossa " credits an " ango " with killing King Amalaric of the Visigoths . By the 7th century , it had ceased to be used . In the war - graves in Illerup - Ådal , Denemark they are found in abundance , and they are also quite common in Norwegian graves from the migration era . Description . Evidence for the length of insular Anglo - Saxon spear s is limited , but based on grave finds it has been estimated that they ranged in length from , compared to continental examples found at Nydam Mose in Denmark which range from long . Although shorter and lighter spears with smaller heads were generally preferred for use as javelins , an exception was the barbed angon , one of which was found at Abingdon with a head measuring . The barbs were designed to lodge in an opponent ' s shield ( or body ) so that it could not be removed and the long iron shank prevented the head from being cut from the shaft . The Angon was likely designed for the purpose of disabling enemy shields , thus leaving combatants vulnerable , and disrupting enemy formations . The shaft may sometimes have been decorated or painted , and iron or bronze rings were sometimes fitted onto it which may have marked the center of balance and thus the best place to hold the weapon . Use . Before the battle lines joined and warrior s engaged in hand to hand combat , they would attempt to thin the enemy ranks with ranged weapon s . This would begin with archery , followed by an exchange of javelins and throwing axe s prior to closing . The scholar Agathias recorded the use of angons by Frankish warriors at the Battle of Casilinum in 554 : The poem recording the Battle of Maldon in Essex , England in 991 AD describes an encounter between the earl Byrhtnoth and a group of Vikings in which an exchange of javelins is made before the warriors draw their sword s and engage in close combat . The maximum effective range of the angon and other javelins was probably depending on the length and weight of the weapon and the skill of the thrower . It is not known to have been used in war beyond the 15th century , but during the 16th century it was used sporadically for hunting .
USS Wannalancet ( YTB - 385 ) USS Wannalancet ( YTB - 385 ) , projected as YT - 385 , later YTM - 385 , was a United States Navy harbor tug in commission from 1944 to 1946 . " Wannalancet " was launched as a harbor tug designated YT - 385 on 12 January 1944 by Ira S . Bushey and Sons at Brooklyn , New York . Her class of tugs was reclassified as large harbor tugs and given " YTB " hull classification s before she was completed , and she was designated YTB - 385 by the time she was completed in May 1944 . Assigned to Service Force , United States Pacific Fleet , soon thereafter , " Wannalancet " operated in support of the fleet during World War II . " Wannalancet " was placed in reserve in March 1946 at San Diego , California . She was reclassified as a medium harbor tug and redesignated YTM - 385 in February 1962 while in reserve . " Wannalancet " was transferred , on loan , to Venezuela in January 1963 . Renamed " Fabrio Gallipoli " ( R - 14 ) , she served with the Venezuelan Navy until the late 1970s . She was slated for sale as of November 1978 .
Battle of Las Palmas The Battle of las Palmas was an unsuccessful English naval expedition in 1595 during the Anglo - Spanish War against the Spanish island of Gran Canaria . The English Fleet was originally directed towards Puerto Rico , but had taken a detour in hopes of an easy victory and taking supplies . The English expeditionary fleet under Sir Francis Drake , Sir John Hawkins , and Sir Thomas Baskerville failed to achieve victory and was forced to withdraw from the Canary Islands towards the Spanish Caribbean , where Francis Drake died of disentery at The Mosquito Gulf . Background . Captain Drake proposed an attack on the Canary Islands in order to get provisions and plunder . Hawkins utterly refused to consider it , because an attack would have put the whole enterprise that sailed from England two months ago in risk ; while the main purpose of the voyage ( control the Isthmus of Panama in the Spanish Main ) would be delayed . A day later they agreed to discuss the issue at dinner on the " Garland " . Captain Baskerville was sure he could take Las Palmas in four hours and persuade the inhabitants to ransom it within four days . John Troughton , captain of the " Elizabeth Bonaventure " , reported in his journal that there was talk of Hawkins threatening to press on to Puerto Rico and leaving Drake and Baskerville to do whatever they chose , but the old man eventually succumbed to persuasion with an ill grace , and the English fleet remained together for the unplanned assault on Gran Canaria . After the English arrived , at eleven o ' clock Drake sent one of the smaller ships fortward to reconnoitre along the shore , past the Caleta de Santa Catalina and down to the fort of Santa Ana . He went himself in one of the " Defiance ' s " boats to take soundings off the Caleta and to lay buoys to guide the landing , after which he returned to the fleet . In Las Palmas the lieutenant - governor , Antonio Pamochamoso , watched him go and then ordered a boat to sail out and remove the buoys , but by the time the English were ready and anchored their ships and launched the assault . Action . On 6 October , 21 English men - of - war appeared at Las Palmas in the Canary islands . Fifteen of them were positioned in front of the castle of Santa Catalina ; the rest fought against the fort of Santa Ana protecting the disembarkation of the English troops . However , the governor Alonso de Alvarado and the Spanish garrison were able to organize their defense . They handled six small pieces of artillery , heavily damaged four of the English ships and after several days Drake was forced to withdraw . After that unexpected resistance Drake left to Puerto Rico with the intention of continuing his original directive of controlling the Isthmus of Panama and the Spanish Caribbean , but died off Portobelo after being repulsed at San Juan and Panama .
Grand Cross of Valour The Grand Cross of Valour was Rhodesia ' s highest military decoration , awarded for conspicuous valour by members of the Security Forces in combat . Institution . The award was instituted in 1970 by Presidential Warrant , the first award being made in 1978 . The second and final award was made in June 1980 . Medal . The medal was a 9ct gold cross with an enamelled roundel in the centre bearing a lion ' s head , suspended by a V - shaped suspender from a scarlet ribbon woven with a central green stripe edged in white , with a gold stripe between the red and white . The medal was impressed in small capitals with the recipient ' s name on the reverse , and was awarded with a case of issue , miniature medal for wear , and an illuminated certificate . Recipients . Just two awards of the Grand Cross of Valour were made . The first recipient was Acting Captain C . F . Schulenberg , S . C . R . of the Selous Scouts . Following majority rule in 1980 , the Grand Cross of Valour was awarded to Major Grahame Wilson , S . C . R . , B . C . R . , second - in - command of the Rhodesian SAS , and Rhodesia ' s most highly - decorated soldier . Recipients were entitled to the post - nominal letters G . C . V . Zimbabwe . The Grand Cross of Valour was superseded in October 1980 by the Gold Cross of Zimbabwe , which is awarded for conspicuous bravery in perilous conditions , but which is open for award to civilians as well as military personnel . Just three AirForce pilots have been awarded this medal in Zimbabwe after an outstanding performance in the Democratic Republic of Congo . The officers are the late Group Captain Micheal Dhabha ( 2002 ) , Squadron Leader Ishmael Kadenga ( 2004 ) and Squadron Leader Earnest Matsambira ( 2004 ) . Recipients are entitled to the letters G . C . Z . Air Force Magazine vol3 , No8 . See also . Orders , Medals and Decorations of Zimbabwe
Medium Brigade ( Belgium ) The Medium Brigade , formerly the 1st Mechanised Brigade , is a Brigade of the Land Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . Its headquarters is located in Leopoldsburg . After World War II , the unit was known as the Brigade Bevrijding , 1er Groupement d ' Infanterie and finally as the 1re Brigade d ' Infanterie , later the 1re Brigade d ' Infanterie Blindée . Organisation . The Medium Brigade consists of the following units :
Wilhelm von Dörnberg Wilhelm Caspar Ferdinand Freiherr von Dörnberg ( 14 April 1768 , Schloss Hausen near Bad Hersfeld - 19 March 1850 , Münster ) was a German general . He was also known as ' Aufstandsdörnberg ' or ' Uprising Dörnberg ' , for his part in the German campaign of the Napoleonic Wars . He also fought as a brigade commander at and . Life . Family . The family of Freiherrs of Dörnberg derived from the Protestant Hessian nobility and was a member of the Old - Hessian ' Ritterschaft ' . Since 1732 it had held the office of Erbküchenmeister ( Erbhofmeister ) of Hesse - Kassel .
William Joseph Dendinger William Joseph Dendinger ( born May 20 , 1939 ) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church . He serves as the seventh and current Bishop of Grand Island , Nebraska . Biography . William Dendinger was born in Coleridge , Nebraska , as the youngest of the six children of David and Regina Dendinger . Raised on a farm , he was a member of the first graduating class of Mount Michael High School in Elkhorn in 1957 . Dendinger then studied at the Immaculate Conception Seminary in Conception , Missouri , whence he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy in 1961 . He furthered his studies at the Aquinas Institute in Dubuque , Iowa , earning his Master of Arts in theology in 1964 . Dendinger was ordained to the priesthood on May 29 , 1965 , for the Archdiocese of Omaha . He then taught at Petersburg and Elgin Catholic high schools until 1970 , and obtained his Master of Science in counseling from Creighton University in 1969 . Subsequently entering the military as a chaplain , Dendinger served as a base and cadet wing chaplain , member of the chaplain resource board for the United States Air Force Chaplain Institute , plans and programs officer in the Office of the Air Force Chief of Chaplain Service , and then Chief of the Air Force Chaplain Service for over the next thirty - one years . He retired in 2001 as a two - star general , and then served as pastor of St . Stephen the Martyr Church in Omaha until 2004 . On October 14 , 2004 , Dendinger was appointed Bishop of Grand Island by Pope John Paul II . He received episcopal consecration on the following December 13 from Archbishop Elden Curtiss , with Bishops Fabian Bruskewitz and Lawrence McNamara serving as co - consecrators . As Bishop of Grand Island , Dendinger acts as a suffragan bishop under Archbishop of Omaha , currently George Joseph Lucas .
Frederick Daniel Parslow Frederick Daniel Parslow VC ( 14 January 1856 – 4 July 1915 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Parslow was a Master in the Mercantile Marine , and the first from that Service to be awarded a Victoria Cross . Details . He was 59 years old , and a Mercantile Marine Master during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was eventually awarded the VC in 1919 . The award was delayed until after World War I because of his civilian status , and no doubt influenced by the execution by the Germans of Mercantile Marine Captain Charles Fryatt of the " ss Brussels " as a " franc - tireur " on 27 July 1916 . The Royal Navy gave Parslow a posthumous commission as Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve , and then awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross . On 4 July 1915 in the Atlantic , south - west of Queenstown , Ireland , HM Horse Transport " Anglo - Californian " , commanded by Captain Parslow , was attacked by a submarine which made occasional hits although the Captain kept altering course . At last , on the point of abandoning ship in order to save lives , a message was received to hold on as long as possible and " Anglo - Californian " got under way again , whereupon the U - boat opened a very heavy fire , doing great damage . Captain Parslow remained on the bridge throughout the attack , entirely without protection and was killed when the bridge was wrecked . His son , also Frederick Parslow , was the Mate , and took command on the demise of his father . The son was given a commission as Sub - Lieutenant in the Royal Navy Reserve , and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross .
Frank A . Herda Frank Aloysious Herda ( born September 13 , 1947 ) is a former United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Herda joined the Army from his birth city of Cleveland , Ohio , and by June 29 , 1968 was serving as a Private First Class in Company A , 1st Battalion ( Airborne ) , 506th Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne Division ( Airmobile ) . During an enemy attack on that day , near Dak To in Quang Trang Province , Republic of Vietnam , Herda smothered the blast of an enemy - thrown hand grenade with his body to protect those around him . He survived the blast , although severely wounded , and was subsequently promoted to Specialist Four and awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions . Herda published the juvenile sword and sorcery novel , " The Cup of Death : Chronicles of the Dragons of the Magi " in 2007 . Medal of Honor citation . Specialist Herda ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Sp4c . Herda ( then Pfc . ) distinguished himself while serving as a grenadier with Company A . Company A was part of a battalion - size night defensive perimeter when a large enemy force initiated an attack on the friendly units . While other enemy elements provided diversionary fire and indirect weapons fire to the west , a sapper force of approximately 30 men armed with hand grenades and small charges attacked Company A ' s perimeter from the east . As the sappers were making a last , violent assault , 5 of them charged the position defended by Sp4c . Herda and 2 comrades , 1 of whom was wounded and lay helpless in the bottom of the foxhole . Sp4c . Herda fired at the aggressors until they were within 10 feet of his position and 1 of their grenades landed in the foxhole . He fired 1 last round from his grenade launcher , hitting 1 of the enemy soldiers in the head , and then , with no concern for his safety , Sp4c . Herda immediately covered the blast of the grenade with his body . The explosion wounded him grievously , but his selfless action prevented his 2 comrades from being seriously injured or killed and enabled the remaining defender to kill the other sappers . By his gallantry at the risk of his life in the highest traditions of the military service , Sp4c . Herda has reflected great credit on himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .