naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Juan Ramón Balcarce Juan Ramón González de Balcarce ( March 16 , 1773 – November 12 , 1836 ) was an Argentine military leader and politician . Biography . Juan was the older brother of Antonio González de Balcarce and of Marcos González de Balcarce . He fought against the British in 1807 , and in the 1812 - 1813 military campaign in Upper Peru under General Manuel Belgrano . He was governor of Buenos Aires from 1818 to 1820 . Under the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas , he served as the defense minister . In 1832 , he was again elected governor of Buenos Aires . On October 11 , 1833 , the city was filled with announcements of a trial against Rosas . A large number of gauchos and poor people made a demonstration at the gates of the legislature , praising Rosas and demanding the resignation of Balcarce . The troops organized to fight demonstration mutinied and joined it . The legislature finally gave up the trial , ousted Balcarce and replaced him with Juan José Viamonte . Balcarce was imprisoned and died in exile in Concepción del Uruguay .
Wilhelm Lemke Wilhelm Lemke ( 27 September 1920 – 4 December 1943 ) was a " Luftwaffe " flying ace of World War II . Lemke was credited with 131 aerial victories — that is , 131 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft . All but six of his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces in over 700 combat missions . ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Lemke was killed in action with United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) fighters on 4 December 1943 . Military career . Wilhelm Lemke was born on 27 September 1920 in Gundelsdorf near Arnswalde , today Choszczno in Poland , then in the Free State of Prussia of the Weimar Republic . He joined the military service of the " Luftwaffe " as a " Fahnenjunker " ( cadet ) in November 1939 . Lemke was killed in action on 4 December 1943 at Dodewaard , west Nijmegen . He was shot down by P - 47 Thunderbolt s of the 352nd Fighter Group , United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) .
Donatien - Marie - Joseph de Vimeur , vicomte de Rochambeau Donatien - Marie - Joseph de Vimeur , vicomte de Rochambeau ( 1755 – 16 October 1813 ) was a French soldier , the son of Jean - Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur , comte de Rochambeau . Biography . He served in the American Revolutionary War as an " aide - de - camp " to his father . In the 1790s , he participated in an unsuccessful campaign to re - establish French authority in Martinique and Saint Domingue . Rochambeau was later assigned to the French Revolutionary Army in the Italian Peninsula , and was appointed to the military command of the Ligurian Republic . In 1802 , he was appointed to lead an expeditionary force against Saint Domingue ( Haiti ) after General Charles Leclerc ' s death . His remit was to restore French control of their rebellious colony , by any means . Historians of the Haïtian Revolution credit his brutal tactics for uniting black and " gens de couleur " soldiers against the French . After Rochambeau surrendered to the rebel general Jean - Jacques Dessalines in November 1803 , the former French colony declared its independence as Haïti , the second independent state in the Americas . At the Surrender of Cap Français , Rochambeau was captured aboard the frigate " Surveillante " by a British squadron under the command of Captain John Loring and returned to England as a prisoner on parole , where he remained interned for almost nine years . He was exchanged in 1811 , and returned to the family " château " , where he resumed the work of classifying the family ' s growing collection of maps , which his father had begun . He also enriched the collections with new acquisitions , in particular ones contributed by the military campaigns of his son , Auguste - Philippe Donatien de Vimeur , who served as the aide - de - camp for Joachim Murat and was with Murat ' s cavalry in the Russian campaign in 1812 . He was mortally wounded in the Battle of Nations , and died three days later at Leipzig , at the age of 58 .
RCAF Station Lachine RCAF Station Lachine was a Royal Canadian Air Force station located near Lachine and Dorval , Quebec , Canada , to the west of Montreal . The location of the station was Dorval Airport , which became the Montréal - Dorval International Airport ( now Montréal - Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport ) . RCAF Station Lachine began operation in 1941 as a transit point for the ferrying of aircraft and the transportation of supplies to Europe during the Second World War . Until 1943 , Lachine was the location of one of five British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( BCATP ) manning depots , No . 5 Manning Depot . Air Transport Command , which had been based at RCAF Station Rockcliffe , moved to Lachine in 1951 . No . 426 Transport Squadron and 436 Transport Squadron were re - established at Lachine in March 1947 and April 1949 respectively . No . 426 Squadron moved to Trenton in 1959 ; No . 436 Squadron moved to RCAF Station Downsview in July 1956 . No . 2 Air Movement Group ( 2 AMU ) was formed at Lachine in 1951 and provided support to these squadrons . Air Transport Command moved to Trenton in September 1959 when the station closed .
19th Air Refueling Squadron The 19th Air Refueling Squadron ( 19 ARS ) is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force . At the time of its inactivation , it was based at Otis Air Force Base . On 19 Sep 1985 the 19th Air Refueling Squadron , ( Medium ) , was consolidated with the 19th Ferrying Squadron , a unit that was last active 31 Mar 1944 . This action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF / MPM 662q Attachment 2 ( Inactive Units ) , 19 Sep 1985 . The Consolidated Unit will retain the Designation of 19th Air Refueling Squadron , Heavy " .
Siege of Kakegawa The 1569 siege of Kakegawa was one of many battles fought by the Imagawa clan against various invaders during Japan ' s Sengoku period . Imagawa Ujizane , the son of the late Imagawa Yoshimoto , held Kakegawa castle at the time that it was besieged by Hattori Hanzo under the command of Tokugawa Ieyasu . After a long battle , negotiations began , and Ujizane agreed to surrender the castle in return for the support of Ieyasu in regaining his former territory in Suruga province .
Federalist No . 27 Federalist No . 27 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton , the twenty - seventh of the " Federalist Papers " . It was published on December 25 , 1787 under the pseudonym Publius , the name under which all the " Federalist Papers " were published . This is the second of three essays discussing the threat to the common good stemming from excessive restraint on legislative authority . It is titled , " The Same Subject Continued : The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered . " Precis . Hamilton argues that the combined forces of many states , under the direction of one federal government , will provide a much greater show of force and be more apt to discourage rebellion . He reasons that confederacies are more prone to violence and war , and that extending the authority of the federal government to the citizen , rather than the state , is the only way to have power .
Reibel machine gun The Reibel machine gun ( official French designation " Mitrailleuse mle 1931 " - " machine gun , model of 1931 " ) , was a machine gun used on French tanks of the World War II era as well as in fortifications such as the Maginot line . Overview . The Reibel machine gun is a gas operated weapon chambered in the 7 . 5 mm MAS cartridge and was loaded with 150 - round drum magazine s . The variant used in fortifications was specifically modified with a different rifling to accommodate the " balle D " heavy ball type of ammunition . Some other guns in French service during late 1940s were converted to ground role , with adoption of the side - mounted 35 - roundbox magazines and adapters for US M2 tripods . The Reibel machine gun is a gas operated weapon which fires from open bolt and in full automatic mode only . It is derived from the French FM 24 / 29 " Fusil - Mitrailleur ' also designed by Lt Colonel Reibel . The long stroke gas piston is located below the barrel , and it operates the vertically tilting bolt group . The barrel cannot be removed and replaced in the field . Feed is from multi - layer pan magazines that hold 150 rounds of ammunition ( with bullets pointing to the center of the round magazine ) . Depending on the variant , the magazines can be installed on right or left side of the gun , in vertical plane . Ejection is straight down , through the short chute attached to the base of the receiver . Firing controls include a pistol grip with prominent front - curved shape , and a rifle - type trigger . Normally , a shoulder rest is attached directly to the receiver .
Battle of Stilo The Battle of Stilo or Cape Colonna was fought on 13 or 14 July 982 near Crotone in Calabria between the forces of the Emperor Otto II and his Italo - Lombard allies and those of the Kalbid emir of Sicily , Abu al - Qasim . Some sources claim that the Muslims received support from the Byzantines , in retaliation for Otto ' s invasion of their province of Apulia , but this is unconfirmed . Al - Qasim , who had declared a Holy War ( " jihad " ) against the Germans , retreated when he noticed the unexpected strength of Otto ' s troops when he was not far from Rossano Calabro . Informed by some ships of the Muslim retreat , Otto left in that city his wife and children with the baggage and the imperial treasure , and set to pursue the enemy . When al - Qasim recognized that his flight had no hope of success , he fielded his army for pitched battle south of Crotone at Cape Colonna . After a violent clash , a corps of German heavy cavalry destroyed the Muslim centre and pushed towards al - Qasim ' s guards . The emir was killed , but his troops were not shaken by the loss : they even managed to surround the German troops , slaughtering many of them . According to the historian Ibn al - Athir , casualties were around 4 , 000 . Landulf IV of Benevento , Henry I , Bishop of Augsburg , Günther , Margrave of Merseburg , the Abbot of Fulda and numerous other German counts were among them . The defeat forced Otto to flee north , where he held an assembly of primarily north Italian magnates at Verona . He sent his nephew Otto I , Duke of Swabia and Bavaria , back to Germany with the news , but he died " en route " . News of the battle did reach as far as Wessex , which is significant of the magnitude of the disaster . Bernard I of Saxony was heading south for the assembly when Danish Viking raids forced him to return . Saxon losses at Stilo had been most severe . At the assemblage , Otto secured his son Otto III ' s election as King of Italy and a call for reinforcements from Germany . He died the next year before continuing his campaign in the south . The state of the Mezzogiorno was shaken up . Besides Landulf IV , his brothers Pandulf II of Salerno and Atenulf , also died in battle . Though the Kalbid troops were forced to retreat afterwards to Sicily , the Saracens remained a presence in southern Italy , harassing the Greeks and Lombards . Capua and Benevento meanwhile passed to younger branches of the Landulfid family and Salerno was snatched by Manso , Duke of Amalfi . In Germany , the Elbean Slavs , upon hearing news of the emperor ' s defeat , rose against their German suzerains under Mstivoj in a great revolt known as the " Slawenaufstand " . The Germanisation and Christianisation of the Slavs was put back for decades .
Salisbury Beach Military Reservation Salisbury Beach Military Reservation was a coastal defense site located in Salisbury , Massachusetts . History . The Salisbury Beach Military Reservation was built on state land . Its mission was to protect the Merrimack River and Newburyport Harbor from possible air and naval attack . It never did have to fire its guns though but it did play an important part in the defense of the harbor . The site today . Today the site is home to Salisbury Beach State Park . The site also contains the remains of the batteries and buildings .
Joseph Kerr Joseph Kerr ( 1765August 22 , 1837 ) was a Democratic - Republican politician from Ohio who served in the United States Senate . Biography . Kerr ( pronounced " car " ) was born in Kerrtown , Pennsylvania ( now Chambersburg ) , and moved to Ohio in 1792 . He served in a number of positions as clerk , surveyor , judge and justice of the peace in the Northwest Territory . He served as justice of the peace at Manchester , Adams County , Ohio in 1797 . and as a judge of the first quarter session court of Adams County , Northwest Territory , in 1797 . Career . After statehood was declared , Kerr was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1808 , 1816 , 1818 , and 1819 . He was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1804 and 1810 . He also served as a brigadier general of Ohio Volunteers during the War of 1812 , in charge of supplying provisions to the Army of the Northwest . Kerr was elected to the U . S . Senate in 1814 to fill a vacancy created by the resignation of Thomas Worthington . Kerr served from December 10 , 1814 , to March 3 , 1815 , and did not seek re - election . Death . Kerr ' s extensive farm went bankrupt in 1826 , and he moved to Memphis , Tennessee and then to rural Louisiana , where he purchased a homestead . He died on August 22 , 1837 and was interred in the Kerr Family Burying Ground , Lake Providence , East Carroll Parish , Louisiana , USA .
Colleen L . McGuire Brigadier General Colleen L . McGuire , USA is the Executive Director of Delta Gamma Fraternity in Columbus , Ohio . She is a retired officer of the United States Army and served on the Joint Staff . She was the Commanding General of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command and the 13th Provost Marshal General , the first woman to hold either position . Brigadier General McGuire was also the first female to be commandant of the U . S . Disciplinary Barracks , Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . McGuire assumed her last command on January 14 , 2009 . She has served as Director of the Senior Leader Development Office , Office of the Chief of Staff , and led the Army Suicide Prevention Task Force . She was commissioned in 1979 upon graduation from the University of Montana . In 2010 she was awarded the University of Montana Distinguished Alumni Award .
Schütte - Lanz D . IV The Schütte - Lanz D . IV was a German fighter prototype during World War I . It was developed in parallel with the Schütte - Lanz D . III , however the two fighters had nothing in common . The D IV was made of wood and was a single - bay staggered biplane with N - type interplane struts and ailerons on both upper and lower mainplanes . It first flew in late 1917 and was found to be inferior to the Schütte - Lanz D . III , and as a result production was never continued .
Lieutenant admiral Lieutenant admiral is a senior naval military rank in some countries of the world . The rank is considered by many nations to be a direct equivalent of a vice admiral . In the Royal Netherlands Navy the rank of lieutenant admiral ( Dutch : " luitenant - admiraal " ) is senior to vice admiral ( Dutch : " vice - admiraal " ) and equivalent to admiral in most other navies . The rank of admiral is reserved for a prince of the house of Oranje - Nassau or the king . During the seventeenth century , Michiel de Ruyter and Cornelis Tromp , had the rank of lieutenant admiral general ( Dutch : " luitenant - admiraal - generaal " ) to distinguish them from other naval officers with the rank lieutenant admiral . The Swedish word for Lieutenant admiral is : " amiralitetslöjtnant " .
43rd Division ( North Korea ) The 43rd Infantry Division was a military formation of the Korean People ' s Army . Defended the Yesong River crossing and the coastal area beyond the river , west of the Kaesong / Kumchon line . The 1st Cavalry Division ' s 7th Cavalry Regiment traversed the Yesong River and advanced north on the road from Paekchon to the small town of Hanpo - ri , six miles north of Kumchon , where the main Pyongyang road crossed the Yesong River , and established a blocking position .
Fukoku kyōhei , originally a phrase from the ancient Chinese historical work on the Warring States period , " Zhan Guo Ce " ( " Kanjigen " , ) , was Japan ' s national slogan during the Meiji period , replacing slogan " Sonnō jōi " ( " Revere the Emperor , Expel the Barbarians " ) . Etymology . During the Warring States period of China , the Qin — through its Legalistic policies — placed considerable focus on the enhancement of state wealth and military power , also known with the expression " Fuguo Qiangbing " . This expression was adopted in Meiji Japan as " Fukoku kyōhei " in Japanese . Significance . The slogan was the central objective of the Meiji leaders . " Fukoku kyōhei " entailed the formulation of far - reaching policies to transform Japanese society in an all out effort to catch up with the West . Although the government played a major role in providing the setting for industrialization , destroying old institutions that proved obstacles to industrialization and creating new institutions that would facilitate economic and political modernization , private enterprise also played a critical role in the distinctly Japanese combination of public and private sector effort later criticized in the 1980s as " Japan Inc . " This symbolized an emerging nationalism in Japan . History . Originating from the Iwakura Mission to Europe , the phrase not only demonstrated national objectives , but also revealed awareness of the predatory nature of international politics at the time . Both Ōkubo Toshimichi and Itō Hirobumi called for the advice of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck ; his advice convinced the Meiji leaders of the necessity for a militarily and economically strong Japan and nationalism in order to preserve independence . The fukoku kyōhei objective led to massive governmental overhaul . Okubo thought that the Meiji government had to play a key role and formulate a clear set of policies . He thus espoused mercantilist visions and rejected the free trade ideas of Fukuzawa Yukichi . Itō Hirobumi also cautioned against free trade – he advocated the establishment of a protective tariff to ensure the prosperity of domestic manufactures . However , when the tariff has outlived its usefulness , Japan should imitate England and permit free trade . But before Japan could decide on its own foreign trade policy , it first had to get rid of the unequal treaties imposed by the imperial powers in the 1850s . The industrial policy that resulted had 5 components : All in all , this imitation of the West did not ameliorate tensions between Japan and Europe . It was taken rather as a sign of Japanese acceptance of realpolitik . Japan ’ s increasing trade and industrialization was meant to combat the West ’ s influence by becoming militarily and financially strong enough to become an actor in Imperialism .
2nd Battlecruiser Squadron The 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron was a Royal Navy squadron of battlecruiser s that saw service as part of the Grand Fleet during the First World War . August 1914 . In August 1914 , the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron was in the Mediterranean , and consisted of : 1915 . On 15 January 1915 , became flagship of the 2nd BCS . She was replaced as flagship by the Australian battlecruiser on 8 February 1915 . With the transfer of HMS " Inflexible " and " Indomitable " to the newly created 3rd Battlecruiser Squadron during 1915 , the squadron was left with three ships , namely HMS " New Zealand " and " Indefatigable " , and HMAS " Australia " . Battle of Jutland . HMAS " Australia " was damaged in collision with HMS " New Zealand " on 22 April 1916 , and did not participate in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 . The 2nd BCS therefore consisted of : HMS " New Zealand " sustained light damage during the engagement ; however , HMS " Indefatigable " was sunk by the German battlecruiser . After Jutland . With the loss of several battlecruisers at Jutland , the Royal Navy reverted to two Battlecruiser squadrons . For the remainder of the war , the squadron comprised :
Battle of Southern Buh The Battle of Southern Buh occurred near the banks of the eponymous river , in modern Ukraine . The result was a great Bulgarian victory which forced the Magyars to leave forever the steppes of southern Ukraine and to establish the Kingdom of Hungary a hundred years later . Origins of the conflict . In 894 a war broke out between Bulgaria and Byzantium due to the Emperor moving the marketplace for Bulgarian goods from Constantinople to Thessaloniki , which meant higher taxes on Bulgarian trade . In the same year Simeon I defeated the Byzantines near Adrianople and they turned to their old method for such situations : they bribed the Magyars to attack Bulgaria from the northeast . In 895 they crossed the Danube and were victorious over the Bulgarians twice . Simeon withdrew to Drastar , which he successfully defended . In 896 he persuaded the Pechenegs to help him and while the Magyars were fighting with them to the east he and his father Boris I who left the monastery for this occasion gathered an enormous army and marched to the north eastern borders of the country . The battle . Simeon ordered three days of fasting , saying that the soldiers should repent for their sins and seek help in God . When this was done , the battle began . It was long and unusually fierce but in the end the Bulgarians were victorious . Aftermath . The victory allowed Simeon to lead his troops to the south where he decisively defeated the Byzantines in the battle of Bulgarophygon . The war ended with a peace treaty which formally lasted until around Leo VI ' s death in 912 , and under which Byzantium was obliged to pay Bulgaria an annual tribute in exchange for the return of allegedly 120 , 000 captured Byzantine soldiers and civilians . Under the treaty , the Byzantines also ceded an area between the Black Sea and Strandzha to the Bulgarian Empire , while the Bulgarians also promised not to invade Byzantine territory .
Sir Henry Webb , 1st Baronet Lieutenant - Colonel Sir Henry ( " Harry " ) Webb , 1st Baronet ( 28 July 1866 , Hereford – 29 October 1940 , Caerleon ) was a British Liberal Party politician who was Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Forest of Dean ( 1911 – 1918 ) and Cardiff East ( 1923 – 1924 ) , and as Junior Lord of the Treasury ( 1912 – 1915 ) . Biography . Educated at Lausanne and Paris , he trained as a mining engineer and became a director of several South Wales collieries . He was High Sheriff of Monmouthshire for 1921 and a JP in three counties . During World War I , he raised and commanded the 13th Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment and the 14th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment . He also commanded the 23rd ( Works ) Battalion , the King ' s Regiment ( Liverpool ) and the Western Command Labour Centre . On 28 January 1916 he was made a baronet , of Llwynarthen , Monmouth . On his death the baronetcy became extinct . He was married twice : in 1894 to Ellen Williams , who died in 1919 ; and then to Helena Kate de Paula . His only son , Second Lieutenant Thomas Harry Basil Webb ( 1898 - 1917 ) , Welsh Guards , was Killed in Action in the Great War , on 1 December 1917 , at the age of 19 . Basil Webb had been the model for the famous Welsh sculptor Sir William Goscombe John RA when he produced the bronze sculpture , " The Boy Scout " in 1910 . At the age of 12 , Basil also composed the Refectory Prayer for Chester Cathedral , which remains in use today . In 1919 Sir Henry Webb bore the costs of renovating the crypt and altar of Chester Cathedral , where an inscription may still be found identifying the restoration work ‘ in memory of his gallant son and his companions ’ .