naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1964 Savage Mountain B - 52 crash The 1964 Savage Mountain B - 52 crash was a U . S . military nuclear accident in which a Cold War bomber ' s vertical stabilizer broke off in winter storm turbulence . The two Mark 53 nuclear bomb s being ferried were found " " relatively intact in the middle of the wreckage " " , and after Fort Meade ' s 28th Ordnance Detachment secured them , the bombs were removed two days later to the Cumberland Municipal Airport . Accident description . The B - 52D was returning to Georgia from Massachusetts after an earlier Chrome Dome airborne alert to Europe . Near Meyersdale , Pennsylvania , on a path east of Salisbury , Pennsylvania ; and after altitude changes to evade severe turbulence ; the vertical stabilizer broke off . The aircraft was left uncontrollable as a result ; the pilot ordered the crew to bail out , and the aircraft crashed . The wreckage of the aircraft was found on the Stonewall Green farm covered by of snow . Today , the crash site is in a private meadow of Elbow Mountain within Savage River State Forest , along the public Savage Mountain Trail just north of the Pine Swamp Road crossing . Crew . As the only crew member who did not eject , the radar bombardier died in the crash and was not located until more than 24 hours afterward . The navigator and tail gunner died of exposure in the snow . The navigator ' s body was found two days after the accident , from the crash and away from where his orange parachute was found near Poplar Lick Run – he had left his unused survival tent and " meandered " into and out of an open barn as with hypothermia stages 2 & 3 . After landing in the " Dye Factory field " , the tail gunner trekked in the dark with a broken leg and other injuries over to the embankment of Casselman River – in which his legs were frozen when his body was found five days later , from a Salisbury street light . The pilot parachuted into Maryland ' s Meadow Mountain ridge near the Mason – Dixon line and , after being driven to the Tomlinson Inn on the National Road in Grantsville , notified the United States Air Force of the crash . The co - pilot landed near New Germany Road and remained " cozy warm " until rescued .
766th Bombardment Squadron The 766th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 461st Bombardment Group . It was last stationed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field , South Dakota , and was inactivated on 18 August 1945 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in February 1944 , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force in Southern Italy . Engaged in very long range strategic bombardment missions against enemy strategic targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , and the Balkans until April 1945 . Bombed aircraft factories , assembly plants , oil refineries , storage areas , marshalling yards , airdromes , and other objectives until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Most of squadron was demobilized in Italy in May 1945 ; returning to United States with skeleton staff . Re - equipped and redesignated a B - 29 Superfortress very heavy bomb squadron , and received new personnel . Began training under Second Air Force for planned deployment to the Western Pacific Area ( WPA ) , however Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation of squadron in October .
Indian Defence Review The first Editor of Indian Defence Review was Lt Gen Mathew Thomas from the Paratroopers , Indian Army . This was the first attempt after Indian independence in 1986 to create a magazine on national security in the private sector . The second editor of IDR , Major General Afsir Karim took over in 1995 , was also from the Paratroopers , Indian Army . Finally in 1997 , the publisher Capt Bharat Verma , also from the Indian Army took over as the third editor of IDR . The result of the spade work done by these three military officers in the private sector , for the first time brought the concerns of national security issues through a private forum in independent India to the national centre - stage .
Appius Claudius Caudex Appius Claudius Caudex ( f . 264 BC ) was a patrician member of the Claudii . He was the grandson of Appius Claudius Caecus through his father Gaius Claudius Centho , and served as consul in 264 BC . In that year , he drew Rome into conflict with Carthage over possession of Sicily . In 265 BC , Hiero II of Syracuse had attacked Messina in an attempt to capture it from the Mamertines , mercenaries from Campania who had taken it some years before . The Mamertines allied with a nearby Carthaginian fleet and held off the Syracusans , but when the Carthaginians did not leave , the Mamertines appealed to Rome in 264 BC . Some senators were opposed to helping them , but Appius Claudius persuaded the citizens to support them . He led a force to Messina and , as the Mamertines had convinced the Carthaginians to withdraw , he met with only a symbolic resistance . The Mamertines handed the city over to Appius Claudius , but the Carthaginians returned and laid siege to Messana . The Syracusans , meanwhile , were also stationed outside the city . Claudius tried to send ambassadors to both the Carthaginians and the Syracusans , but he was ignored . He then led his troops outside the city , defeated the Syracusans in battle , and Hiero retreated back to Syracuse . The next day Claudius also defeated the Carthaginians . Following these victories Appius laid siege to Echetla but after the loss of many troops returned to Messana . This dispute was one of the immediate causes of the First Punic War . Interestingly enough his name " Caudex " means " blockhead " or " idiot " in Latin . His brother was Publius Claudius Pulcher , consul in 249 BC .
Warrior Merit Medal ( Prussia ) The Warrior Merit Medal ) was a military decoration of Prussia . Established by Friedrich Wilhelm III , it was primarily awarded to troops not in Prussian service . The first recipients were members of the Imperial Guard grenadier company guarding the Russian imperial residence during Friedrich Whilhelm ' s visit to St . Petersburg in 1835 . Appearance . Both versions of the medal are circular and silver , 25 mm in diameter . The first version depicts the crowned cypher of Friedrich Wilhelm III on the obverse of the medal . The reverse bears the inscription " KRIEGER VERDIENST " ( Warrior Merit ) surrounded by a wreath of two laurel sprigs , tied at its base with a bow . The medal is suspended by a ring suspension and hangs from the ribbon of the Order of the Red Eagle . The later version of the medal depicts the crowned cipher of King Wilhelm I on the obverse . The reverse is also inscribed " KRIEGER VERDIENST " and surrounded by a thicker laurel wreath than the early version . The medal is suspended by a ring suspension and hangs from the black with white stripes " kämpferband " ( combatants ribbon ) or the white with black stripe " nichtkämpferband " ( non - combatants ribbon ) .
Androgeos Androgeos or Androgeus ( Ancient Greek : , ) was the name of two individuals in Classical mythology . Son of Minos . Androgeos was a son of Minos and Pasiphaë . His own sons were Sthenelus and Alcaeus , who later became companions of Heracles . He was murdered in Athens ; sources vary as to the exact circumstances of his death . Some stated that Androgeos participated in the Panathenaic Games and took all the prizes , whereupon he directed to Thebes to take part in another contest in honor of Laius , but was ambushed and killed by his envious would - be competitors . Servius suggests that Androgeos was murdered upon his triumph by the Athenians themselves and the Megarians . Plutarch writes that Androgeos " was thought to have been treacherously killed " , without clarifying whether this was supposed to be the truth or not . In another version , Aegeus , King of Athens , sent him against the Marathonian Bull which resulted in Androgeos ' death . In Pausanias ' interpretation , Androgeos being killed by the bull is presented as more of an accident , which , however , Minos is remarked to not have believed . According to Diodorus Siculus , Aegeus killed Androgeos out of fear that the latter would support the sons of Pallas against him . In yet another version , Androgeos was killed in a battle between the Athenians and the Cretans . The Athenians eventually established a hero cult of Androgeos : there was an altar dedicated to him at Phaleron . The consequences of Androgeos ' death are described in the " Bibliotheca " as follows . Minos received the news of his son ' s death when he was performing a sacrificial rite in honor of the Charites at Paros ; overcome by grief , he threw off his garland and ordered for the music to stop , but did complete the sacrifice , from which circumstance the festivals in honor of the Charites at Paros involved no music or flowers from then on . Minos led a war against Athens to avenge the death of his son , but failed to sack the city and prayed to Zeus that the Athenians may be punished . The city was struck with famine and pestilence ; the Athenians consulted an oracle as to how to avert the calamity , and were instructed to sacrifice the daughters of Hyacinthus the Lacedaemonian , but this didn ' t help . The citizens consulted the oracle once again and were told to give Minos whatever he might ask in retribution . The king obliged the Athenians to send several youths every seven or nine years to be devoured by the Minotaur . This continued until the Minotaur was killed by Theseus . Propertius in one of his elegies refers to a version in which Androgeos was brought back to life by Asclepius . Achaean soldier . In Virgil ' s " Aeneid " , Androgeos was a Greek soldier , who during the sack of Troy in the middle of the night mistook Aeneas and his group of Trojan defenders for a Greek raiding party , paying for this mistake with his life . Afterwards , Aeneas ' s companion Coroebus dressed in Androgeos ' armor in order to fool more Greek soldiers to their demise .
Fifth Army ( United Kingdom ) The Fifth Army was a field army of the British Army during World War I and part of the British Expeditionary Force during the First World War . First World War . History . The Fifth Army was created on 30 October 1916 by renaming the British Reserve Army of General Sir Hubert Gough and as such it fought the Battle of the Ancre which became the final British effort in the Battle of the Somme . In 1917 the Fifth Army was involved in the Battle of Arras and then the Third Battle of Ypres . In 1918 the Fifth Army took over a stretch of front - line previous occupied by the French south of the River Somme and on 21 March bore the brunt of the opening phase of the German Spring Offensive , known as Operation " Michael " . The failure of the Fifth Army to withstand the German advance led to Gough ' s dismissal and the disbanding of the broken army . In April and May 1918 , the Fifth Army was nominally commanded by General Sir William Peyton , but when it was reformed as an army some months later , its command was given to General William Birdwood ; it saw little action in the remainder of the war .
Hainan Island Operation The Hainan Island Operation , or in Japanese , was part of a campaign by the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino - Japanese War to blockade the Republic of China and prevent it from communicating with the outside world as well as to prevent imports of much - needed arms and materials . Hainan Island lies midway between French Indo - China and Hong Kong , occupying a position south of the Leizhou Peninsula across the Strait of Hainan . It is also near Kwangchowan , a French - leased territory on the southern coast of China . The 33 , 920 km2 ( 13 , 100 sq mi ) Hainan Island had a population of 2 , 200 , 000 at the time . The island was guarded by the 152nd Division , approximately 25 , 000 strong , under the command of Yu Hanmou , who was in charge of peace preservation in Kwangtung Province . The Japanese Navy , after the capture of Canton ( Guangzhou ) the previous year , had maintained a formidable blockade all along the coast of south , central and north China . However , loopholes were found in the southern end of the blockade line . These included the supply route to Chiang Kai - shek with Hong Kong and Northern French Indo - China as relay points and the direct routes though Hainan Island and Kwangchowan areas . Because of these loopholes , as well as the necessity to conduct air operations deep into the interior as far as the Kunming area , the Japanese Navy came to feel the necessity for establishing air bases on Hainan Island . The Central Authorities of the Navy advocated this move . Operations were carried out by the special naval land combat units with Army elements supporting them . Escorting a convoy , the South China Naval Force ( Fifth Fleet ) commanded by Vice Admiral Kondo Nobutake entered and anchored in Tsinghai Bay on the northern shore of Hainan Island at midnight on 9 February 1939 and carried out a successful landing . In addition , Navy land combat units affected a landing at Haikou at 1200 on 10 February . Thereafter , the Army and Navy forces acted in concert to mop up the northern zone . On 11 February the land combat units landed at Samah ( Sanya ) at the southern extremity of Hainan Island and occupied the key positions of Yulin and Yai - Hsien . Thereafter , the units engaged in the occupation and subjugation of the entire island . The Communists ( under Feng Baiju ) and the native Li people of Hainan fought a vigorous guerrilla campaign against the Japanese occupation , but in retaliation over one third of the male population were killed by the Japanese . Later , Hainan Island became a naval administrative district with Hainan Guard District Headquarters established at Samah . Strategically , the island was built as a forward air base as well as an advance base for blockading Chiang . At the same time , the iron and copper resources of the island were exploited . Control of Hainan Island provided a base of operations for the invasion of Guangdong province and French Indochina , as well as providing airbases that permitted long - distance air raid s of routes into China from French Indochina and Burma . The Occupation of Hainan lasted until the Surrender of Japan in August 1945 .
First Battle of Rappahannock Station The First Battle of Rappahannock Station , also known as Waterloo Bridge , White Sulphur Springs , Lee Springs , or Freeman ' s Ford , took place from August 22 to August 25 , 1862 , in Culpeper County and Fauquier County , Virginia , as part of the Northern Virginia Campaign of the American Civil War . In early August , Confederate Gen . Robert E . Lee determined that Union Maj . Gen . George B . McClellan ' s army was being withdrawn from the Virginia Peninsula to reinforce Maj . Gen . John Pope . He sent Maj . Gen . James Longstreet ' s wing from Richmond to join Thomas J . " Stonewall " Jackson ' s wing of the army near Gordonsville and arrived to take command himself on August 15 . On August 20 and 21 , Pope withdrew to the line of the Rappahannock River . On August 23 , Maj . Gen . J . E . B . Stuart ' s cavalry made a daring raid on Pope ' s headquarters at Catlett Station , showing that the Union right flank was vulnerable to a turning movement . Over the next several days , August 22 to August 25 , the two armies fought a series of minor actions along the Rappahannock River , including Waterloo Bridge , Lee Springs , Freeman ' s Ford , and Sulphur Springs , resulting in a few hundred casualties combined . Together , these skirmishes primed Pope ' s army along the river , while Jackson ' s wing marched via Thoroughfare Gap to capture Bristoe Station and destroy Federal supplies at Manassas Junction , far in the rear of Pope ' s army .
Bruce Vargo Colonel Bruce Vargo is a Military Police officer in the United States Army . He was appointed the commander of Joint Task Force Guantanamo ' s Joint Detention Group — its guard force . Vargo was one of the officers interviewed for a National Geographic documentary entitled " " Inside Guantanamo " " . Vargo confirmed the existence of secret Camp 7 , and confirmed that he was responsible for the security at all the other camps , but not camp 7 . Vargo was interviewed in February 2008 , about attempts to treat captives more humanely , and to offer classes to provide intellectual stimulation . He defended the new humane efforts on the grounds that captives distracted by classes would be less likely to attack the guards under his command . Vargo was interviewed about the use of extreme force in the force - feeding of hunger striker Ahmed Zaid Salim Zuhair . Vargo was previously an award winning amateur wrestler . Vargo has also competed on the US team of a form of unarmed combat developed in the former Soviet Union called " SAMBO " ( short for " SAMozaschita Bez Oruzhiya " , self - defense without weapons ) . Following reports that Guantanamo captive Mohammad Ahmed Abdullah Saleh Al Hanashi took his own life on June 1 , 2009 former captive Binyam Mohammed reported that Saleh had been escorted from Camp 5 to a meeting with Vargo and JTF - GTMO commander Admiral David Thomas , on January 17 , 2009 . Mohammed said Saleh had been chosen to be the prisoners ' representative to the camp administration . Mohammed said Saleh never returned from this meeting with Vargo and Thomas and that the captives were told that he had been transferred to the camp ' s Psychiatric wing .
Coupland Castle Coupland Castle is situated in the village of Coupland , to the north - west of Wooler , Northumberland , England . It is a Grade I listed building . This is a tower house rather than a castle , and was probably built at the end of the 16th century , sometime after 1584 . The tower has three storeys , with an attic on top and a small projecting tower carried up the south wall . A date - stone over a fireplace in the tower engraved ' GW 1615 MW ' is thought to represent George and Mary Wallis , owners at that date . The castle has been added to over the years and was restored in the 19th century . In 1820 it was extended when a three - bayed two - storeyed house was built adjoining the tower . The Bates family owned the estate in the 18th century . Elizabeth Bates , heiress to the estate , married Matthew Culley ( born 1731 ) , the noted agriculturist , in 1783 . In 1869 the house was the residence of a later Matthew Culley , High Sheriff of Northumberland in that year . The Culleys sold the estate in 1923 . The present owner , Candace DeWitt Phipps de Rothschild , occupies the castle in the summer months as holiday accommodation .
Defeat in detail Defeat in detail is a military phrase referring to the tactic of bringing a large portion of one ' s own force to bear on small enemy units in sequence , rather than engaging the bulk of the enemy force all at once . This exposes one ' s own units to a small risk , yet allows for the eventual destruction of an entire enemy force . One definition states : “ Defeat in detail is a doctrinal military term that means to defeat an enemy by destroying small portions of its armies instead of engaging its entire strength . " Premise . In military strategy and tactics , a recurring theme is that units are strengthened by proximity to supporting units . Nearby units can fire on an attacker ' s flank , lend indirect fire support such as artillery , or maneuver to counterattack . " Defeat in detail " is the tactic of exploiting failures of an enemy force to coordinate and support the various smaller units which make up the force . An overwhelming attack on one defending sub - unit minimizes casualties on the attacking side , and can be repeated a number of times against the defending subunits until all are eliminated . An attacker can successfully " defeat in detail " by exploiting " a " ) absolute weaknesses or comparative disadvantages in the deployment or structure of defending troops and / or " b " ) advantages , such as maneuvering speed , that the defender cannot match . Chief among examples of " a " ) is the case of asymmetric support structure , in which unit A can support B but unit B cannot support unit A . For example , during World War I , when horse cavalry were still in use to some extent , aircraft could support cavalry , but cavalry had little or no ability to support aircraft . Thus , if a unit is equally suited for use against cavalry and against aircraft , using it to eliminate enemy aircraft would have benefits lasting well into future engagements against enemy cavalry units weaker for their lack of support , but using it against enemy cavalry — and thereby leaving the enemy aircraft intact for subsequent engagements — would bring benefits during that engagement alone . Weaknesses of defenders . Examples of weaknesses in the deployment or structure of defending troops would include : Enabling methods . Methods which can be used to enable the attacker to defeat the enemy in detail include :
HMS Repulse ( S23 ) HMS " Repulse " ( S23 ) was a " Resolution " - class ballistic missile submarine of the Royal Navy . Launched on 4 November 1967 , she was the last of her class remaining in service with the navy , decommissioning in 1996 . " Repulse " was the third Polaris Missile submarine of the " Resolution " class to be planned ; was the second . Due to delays with " Renown " ' s build at Cammell Laird ' s Birkenhead shipyard , the Barrow - in - Furness Vickers built " Repulse " overtook " Renown " and was commissioned second of class . " Repulse " famously ran aground on launch , much to the delight of the CND protesters and was subsequently " blacked " by the shipyard unions . She survived all of these setbacks to become the longest - serving Polaris submarine .
HMS Trent ( 1757 ) HMS " Trent " was a 28 - gun " Coventry " - class sixth - rate frigate of the Royal Navy . Construction . The " Trent " was one of five frigates of the class built of fir rather than oak . Fir was cheaper and more abundant than oak and permitted noticeably faster construction , but at a cost of a reduced lifespan ; the four fir - built " Coventry " - class vessels that did not get captured lasted an average of only nine years before being struck off .