naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Kenneth Martin Willett Lt . Kenneth Martin Willett was an American naval reserve officer who died in during World War II in the South Atlantic Ocean . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Early naval career . Willett enlisted in the Naval Reserve as an apprentice seaman on July 9 , 1940 . Appointed to the Naval Reserve Midshipmen ' s School , he was commissioned as an Ensign and assigned to the USS California ( BB - 44 ) , where he served until November 1941 . He then reported to the 12th Naval District for duty at the Armed Guard Center , San Francisco , California , in January 1942 . While serving as commanding officer of the Naval Armed Guard on board the freighter SS " Stephen Hopkins " , he was promoted to Lieutenant ( j . g . ) on June 15 . Death . While en route from Cape Town , South Africa to Paramaribo , Dutch Guiana , his freighter was attacked on September 27 , 1942 by two enemy surface raiders . Though seriously wounded by one of the first enemy shells , Lt . Willett manned the 4 - inch gun and fired shell after shell into the nearer , more heavily armed raider . Inflicting heavy damage on both enemy ships , his accurate fire eventually sank one of them . Even after an exploding magazine silenced his gun , Lt . Willett refused to give up his struggle for both ship and crew . When last seen , although weakened and suffering , he was helping to launch life rafts from the flaming freighter in an effort to save lives . For his " great personal valor and gallant spirit of self - sacrifice , " Lt . Willett was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Namesake . The destroyer escort USS " Kenneth M . Willett " was named in his honor and launched on March 7 , 1944 in Orange , Texas . It was sponsored by Mrs . D . C . Willett , mother of Lt . Willett , and commissioned in July 1944 with Lt . Cmdr . J . M . Stuart in command .
Fredrik Jensen Fredrik Jensen ( 25 March 1921 – 31 July 2011 ) was a decorated Norwegian soldier in the German Waffen SS during World War II . He was born in Oslo , Norway . He is the most highly decorated Norwegian on the Axis ' side during World War II , being awarded the German Cross in Gold on 7 December 1944 . Jensen served in several Waffen - SS regiments , such as the SS - Panzergrenadier Regiment 4 " Der Führer " in 2nd SS Panzer Division " Das Reich " and SS - Panzergrenadier - Regiment 9 " Germania " in 5th SS Panzer Division " Wiking " . He served on the southern front for the end of the war , with the rank of Obersturmführer and was arrested in hospital in Vienna . He was kept in the American prison in Dachau . He was sentenced to three months in jail under the legal purge in Norway after World War II , and was also sentenced to a loss of citizen ' s rights for ten years . After having served his prison sentence , he settled down in Sweden as a foreman and had great success in fabrication machinery . Jensen later lived in Malaga in Spain . In June 2007 , the Spanish press revealed possible contacts with the war criminal Aribert Heim . Jensen denied the accusation .
USS Constitution Museum The USS " Constitution " Museum " serves as the memory and educational voice of , by collecting , preserving , and interpreting the stories of " Old Ironsides " and the people associated with her . " The nonprofit , privately run museum is located at the former Charlestown Navy Yard , near the US Navy ' s USS " Constitution " . The museum is housed in a restored shipyard building at the foot of Pier 2 . The Navy Yard is located at the end of Boston ' s Freedom Trail , in Charlestown , Massachusetts , and is part of the Boston National Historical Park . USS " Constitution " Awards Program . The Board of Directors of the Museum makes three major awards annually : The Samuel Eliot Morison Award . Disambiguation : See also the Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Naval Literature , awarded by the Naval Order of the United States The Samuel Eliot Morison Award is the highest recognition by the Board of a Trustees of the USS " Constitution " Museum Foundation of a person whose public service has enhanced the image of USS " Constitution " and who reflects the best of Rear Admiral Samuel Eliot Morison : artful scholarship , patriotic pride , and eclectic interest in the sea and things maritime , and a desire to preserve the best of our past for future generations . The Charles Francis Adams Award . To honor museum founder Charles Francis Adams IV and his lifelong support of the community through his commitment and loyalty to those institutions and ideas which affect the quality of life of all citizens , and to recognize others who have followed his extarordinary example , the award is made annually to a person or a team of people who have given of themselves for the betterment of the community , and through whose good works profound positive change for the citizens of the community has occurred . The Don Turner Award . To honor Don Turner , former head of the USS " Constitution " Maintenance and Repair Facility , for his singular contribution toward the preservation of " Old Ironsides " and the skills that built her , as well as his knowledge of and dedication to the ancient art of shipbuilding , and to recognize others who are similarly dedicated to maritime preservation and advances in ship construction and design , the Don Turner Award is made annually to a person or team of people , professional or amateur , who have contributed significantly to efforts to preserve important vessels or who have made significant contributions to our knowledge and understanding of ship design and construction .
Rogachevo ( air base ) Rogachevo ( recorded in various sources as Belushya , Rogachvo , or Rogatschovo ) is a military air base on Novaya Zemlya , Russia located 9 km northeast of Belushya Guba . It was originally used as a staging base for intercontinental Long Range Aviation bomber flights ( as a so - called ' bounce ' airdrome ) . The base developed an interceptor role during the 1960s , partly to deter SR - 71 operations in the Arctic region . Rogachevo ' s primary operating unit is the 641 Gv IAP ( 641st Guards Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) . It used Yak - 28P ( Firebar ) aircraft , then received the Su - 27 ( Flanker ) in 1985 . It is possible that in 1993 the unit may have dispersed to Afrikanda . During the 1970s Tu - 128 ( Fiddler ) aircraft deployed frequently to Rogachevo from southern locales . Around 1990 MiG - 31 ( Foxhound ) aircraft were deployed on occasion . Rogachevo was largely tied to its rear air station , Naryan - Mar Airport .
Argentina and weapons of mass destruction Argentina has a history with the development of weapons of mass destruction . Under the National Reorganization Process , Argentina began a nuclear weapon s program in the early 1980s , and was abolished when democracy was restored in 1983 . Missile systems . During the 1980s , the " Alacrán " ( ) and " Cóndor 2 " ( ) missiles were developed . The " Cóndor 2 " , with a range of around 1 , 000 kilometres , was reportedly scrapped during the Menem administration under pressure from the United States government . The current status of the " Alacrán " remains unknown . Chemical weapons . Argentina acceded to the Geneva Protocol on May 12 , 1969 and has been active in non - proliferation efforts , ratified the Biological Weapons Convention in 1979 and the Chemical Weapons Convention on October 2 , 1995 . In September 1991 Argentina , together with Brazil and Chile , signed the Mendoza Declaration , which commits signatories not to use , develop , produce , acquire , stock , or transfer — directly or indirectly — chemical or biological weapons . Nuclear weapons . Argentina conducted a nuclear weapon research program during the National Reorganization Process regime . Government officials at the time confirmed , in November 1983 , that research carried out at the Balseiro Institute ' s research reactor had yielded the capacity for weapons - grade uranium enrichment . The program was abandoned , however , shortly after the return of democracy , on December 10 , 1983 . In 1991 the parliaments of Argentina and Brazil ratified a bilateral inspection agreement that created the Brazilian - Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials ( ABACC ) to verify both countries ' pledges to use nuclear energy only for peaceful purposes . On February 10 , 1995 , Argentina acceded to the Nuclear Non - Proliferation Treaty as a non - nuclear weapon state . Argentina continues to use nuclear power in non - military roles , and is noted as an exporter of civilian use nuclear technology . In 2010 , the government announced that it would start working in the creation of a nuclear submarine . Those types of submarines only use atomic energy for propulsion . The announcement was highly criticized by politicians from opposing parties . In accord with three presidential decrees of 1960 , 1962 and 1963 , Argentina supplied about 90 tons of unsafeguarded yellowcake ( uranium oxide ) to Israel to fuel the Dimona reactor , creating the fissile material for Israel ' s first nuclear weapons .
German submarine U - 527 German submarine " U - 527 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down at the " Deutsche Werft " ( yard ) in Hamburg as ' werk ' 342 on 28 October 1941 , launched on 17 June 1942 and commissioned on 2 September with " Kapitänleutnant " Herbert Uhlig in command . " U - 527 " began her service career with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 2 September 1942 . She was re - assigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 February 1943 . She carried out two patrols and sank one ship . She also sank one warship and damaged one commercial vessel . She was a member of four wolfpack s . She was sunk by US aircraft south of the Azores , in July 1943 Operational career . 1st patrol . The boat departed Kiel on 9 February 1943 , moved through the North Sea , negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and entered the Atlantic Ocean . There , southeast of Cape Farewell ( Greenland ) , she sank the " Fort Lamy " on 8 March . HMS " LCT - 2480 " was also lost . She damaged the " Mathew Luckenbach " on 19 March . " U - 523 " came across the drifting wreck and finished her off . " U - 527 " was attacked by a Sunderland flying boat on the 20th - damage was slight . She entered Lorient , on the French Atlantic coast , on 12 April 1943 . 2nd patrol and loss . Having left Lorient on 10 May 1943 , she was in the middle of " attacking a large ship under tow , when a corvette was summoned , which dropped 15 depth charges " , damage sustained was minimal . Her sortie continued as far as the Gulf of Mexico . On the return leg , she was sunk south of the Azores by Avenger aircraft from the American carrier USS " Bogue " . Forty men went down with the U - boat ; there were 13 survivors .
Andrew Collier Vice Admiral Andrew Laurence Collier CMM ( 3 June 1924 - 3 January 1987 ) was a Canadian Forces officer who served as Commander Maritime Command from 1977 to 1979 . Career . Collier joined the Royal Canadian Navy in 1942 and completed his training in 1945 . He became Commanding Officer of the destroyer HMCS " Skeena " in 1960 , Captain Sea Training on the staff of the Flag Officer Atlantic Coast in 1962 and Director Naval Plans at the National Defence Headquarters in 1964 . He went on to be Director International Plans in 1965 , Commander Seventh Canadian Escort Squadron in 1966 and Deputy Chief of Staff Maritime Training in 1967 . After that he became Deputy Chief of Staff ( Combat Readiness ) in 1970 , Commander Canadian Flotilla ( Atlantic ) in 1972 and Senior Liaison Officer ( Navy ) on the Defence Liaison Staff in Washington , D . C . in 1973 . His last appointments were as Chief of Maritime Operations in 1974 , Commander Maritime Forces Pacific in 1975 and Commander Maritime Command in 1977 , in which role he argued for more ships , before retiring in 1979 .
Stephen R . Henley Colonel Stephen R . Henley is an American lawyer and an officer in the United States Army . He is notable for having been appointed the President of a Guantanamo military commission . President of a Guantanamo military commission . The first hearing Henley presided over took place on June 19 , 2008 . Brigadier General Thomas W . Hartmann the legal advisor to the convening authority — the number two in the Office of Military Commissions testified before the commission . Captain Keith J . Allred , the President of Salim Ahmed Hamdan ' s military commission had previously proscribed Hartmann from participating . Major David Frakt of the United States Air Force Reserve , defending Mohammed Jawad , was challenging Hartmann ' s role in choosing Mohammed Jawad ' s case for prosecution . On August 14 , 2008 Henley barred Hartmann from any further involvement in Mohammed Jawad ' s military commission . According to Mike Melia , writing for the " Associated Press " , Henley ruled that Hartmann : " " . . . compromised his objectivity in public statements aligning himself with prosecutors and defending the Pentagon ' s system for prosecuting alleged terrorists . " However , Henley chose not to dismiss the charges against Jawad because of Hartmann ' s controversial conduct . He did rule that Frakt was authorized to submit arguments for dropping the charges against Jawad directly to Susan J . Crawford , the Convening Authority , as to whether charges against Jawad were justified . In July 2009 US District Court Judge Ellen Huvelle concluded consideration of Mohammed Jawad ' habeas corpus petition , and ruled was a noncombatant . On July 28 , 2009 Frakt filed a motion before Henley , following Huvelle ' s ruling . He argued that the military commissions were only authorized to try illegal enemy combatants , and since he was officially a noncombatant his military commission lacked jurisdiction .
Nick Vaux Major General Nick Vaux , CB DSO RM is a retired Royal Marine officer , and former commander of 42 Commando during the Falklands War . Military career . Vaux joined the Royal Marines in 1954 and completed training in time to take part in the first helicopter - borne amphibious operation as a member of 45 Commando during the Suez Crisis . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 42 Commando in 1981 . In 1982 , following the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands , Vaux deployed to the Islands as part of 3 Commando Brigade commanding 42 Commando during combat operations and taking part in the Battle of Mount Harriet . After the Falklands War , Vaux went on to serve as Major General , Commando Forces , and retired from the Royal Marines in 1990 .
SM UB - 114 SM " UB - 114 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 4 May 1918 as SM " UB - 114 " . " UB - 114 " was lost in trails on 13 May 1918 in Kiel harbour , resulting in seven dead . She was later raised and surrendered . Construction . She was built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction , launched at Hamburg on 23 September 1917 . " UB - 114 " was commissioned in the spring the next year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 114 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 114 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 114 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Charles Chaillé - Long Charles Chaillé - Long ( 1842 – 1917 ) was an American soldier from Maryland , active in East Africa and Egypt . He was the second westerner to visit Lake Victoria and the discoverer of Lake Kyoga . United States military service . He fought in the Union Army during the American Civil War , taking part in the Battle of Gettysburg . He enlisted as a private , and finished the war with the rank of Captain . Service in Africa . After the Civil War , about 50 veterans from both sides of the war were asked to serve in Egypt . He took a commission as lieutenant - colonel in the Egyptian Army in 1869 , arriving in Egypt in 1870 . Serving under Charles Gordon in the southern Sudan , he travelled south to present - day Uganda , signing a treaty with Muteesa I of Buganda . In 1874 he was the second western explorer of Lake Victoria , and the first to discover Lake Kyoga . While on his return journey , he was attacked by the forces of Bunyoro . Further missions of exploration were to the Azande in 1875 , and the Jubba River in Somalia in 1876 . He wrote a book on his adventures called " Central Africa : Naked Truths of Naked People " . In 1875 , he commanded Egyptian forces in the McKillop expedition , to the Indian Ocean coast . Post - military service . He resigned his commission in 1877 , returned to the United States , and attended Columbia Law School . He graduated Columbia in 1880 . Subsequently he was a diplomat in Korea , and writer . He became a lawyer and worked in Alexandria , Egypt . His 1884 book , " The Three Prophets " , took a very negative line on Charles Gordon . His comments were later taken up by revisionist writers , notably Lytton Strachey in " Eminent Victorians " . Critics have attacked Chaillé - Long for a lack of accuracy as an author . He also wrote , among other works , " My Life in Four Continents " . He was awarded the Charles P . Daly Medal by the American Geographical Society in 1909 . , a Cross Medjidieh and a Cross Osmanieh from his service in Egypt , the Cross of Chevalier of The Légion d ' honneur ( France ) , and a Gold Medal from the General Assembly of Maryland . Chaillé - Long died March 29 , 1917 in Maryland . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Battle of Ngasaunggyan The Battle of Ngasaunggyan was fought in 1277 between Kublai Khan ' s Yuan Dynasty of Mongol Empire , and their neighbors to the south , the Pagan Empire ( in present - day Burma ) led by Narathihapate . The battle was initiated by Narathihapate , who invaded the Yunnan , a province of Yuan Dynasty of Mongol Empire . Mongol defenders soundly defeated the Pagan forces . Hostility between the two empires had already been established by that time : when Kublai Khan had sent emissaries to regional powers of eastern Asia to demand tribute , Narathihapate refused the khan ' s representatives the first time they visited ( in 1271 ) , and they were killed by bandits in 1273 . When Kublai Khan did not immediately respond to this insult , Narathihapate gained confidence that the Mongols would not fight him . He subsequently invaded the state of Kaungai , whose chief had recently pledged fealty to Kublai Khan . Local garrisons of Mongol troops were ordered to defend the area , and although outnumbered were able to soundly defeat the Pagan forces in battle and press into the Pagan territory of Bhamo . The presence of war elephants initially caused Mongol horses to shy in terror , but Mongol general Khudu ( Qutuq ) ordered his men to shower the elephants with arrows . The wounded elephants stampeded and destroyed everything in their path . In the end , Mongol troops abandoned their offensive and returned to Yunnan , a province of Yuan Dynasty of Mongol Empire with their wounded general Khutu . The Battle of Ngassaunggyan was the first of three decisive battles between the two empires , the others being the Battle of Bhamo in 1283 and the Battle of Pagan in 1287 . By the end of these battles , the Mongols had conquered the entire Pagan empire and installed a puppet government . In the end of 1277 , Yunnan governor ' s son Naser ad - Din attacked Bhamo again and tried to establish postal system which had already covered Mongol Empire after defeating enemies . But deadly heat forced him to leave Burma . He returned to Dadu with 12 elephants and gave them to his master Kublai khan in 1279 . The battle was later reported back to Europe by Marco Polo , who described the battle vividly in his reports . His description was presumably pieced together by accounts he heard while visiting the court of Kublai Khan . References . At second time , they were killed by bandits in1273 .
34th Division ( United Kingdom ) The British 34th Division was a New Army division formed in April 1915 as part of the K4 Army Group . The division landed in France on January 1916 and spent the duration of the First World War in action on the Western Front . The division was originally made up of Pals battalion s , notably the 10th Lincolns , known as the Grimsby Chums , and two brigades of Northumberland Fusiliers ; the Tyneside Scottish and Tyneside Irish . The division ' s first major action was the attack at La Boisselle on the first day of the Battle of the Somme during which the division suffered heavy casualties and many of the original Pals were killed . Composition . The original Tyneside Scottish battalions were : In February 1918 the 20th and 21st Battalions were disbanded and in June , the 22nd Battalion ( 3rd Tyneside Scottish ) joined the 48th Brigade , 16th ( Irish ) Division while the 23rd Battalion ( 4th Tyneside Scottish ) joined the 116th Brigade , 39th Division . The original Tyneside Irish battalions were : In February 1918 , the 24th , 26th and 27th Battalions were disbanded and the 25th Battalion ( 2nd Tyneside Irish ) transferred to the 116th Brigade , 39th Division . For the remainder of the war , the brigade structure was : Between 6 July and 22 August 1916 , the 102nd and 103rd Brigades , which had been effectively wiped out during the first day on the Somme , were transferred to the 37th Division , being replaced by the 111th and 112th Brigades . In this period the 37th Division was holding the line on a quiet sector at Vimy Ridge .
Battle of Chemnitz The Battle of Chemnitz ( 14 April 1639 ) took place near the town of Chemnitz , in what is now eastern Germany , during the Thirty Years ' War . Swedish forces under Johan Banér inflicted a crushing defeat on Rodolfo Giovanni Marazzino who commanded the Saxons and an Imperial detachment . Battle . The battle was a confused engagement in broken country north of Chemnitz . After a forced march to the area , the Swedish forces were able to rout a large portion of the opposing forces , capturing their baggage train , and taking taking 1 , 500 prisoners . Aftermath . Following the battle , the Swedes occupied Pirna and advanced into Bohemia .
Surrender ( military ) Surrender is the cessation of fighting by soldier s , naval craft , nations , or other combatants and they eventually become prisoners of war , either as individuals or when ordered to by their officers . A white flag or handkerchief is a common symbol of surrender , as is the gesture of raising one ' s hands empty and open above one ' s head . When a tank commander is surrendering , the tank ' s turret should be turned opposite the direction of the opposing forces . Normally , a surrender will involve the handing over of weapons ; in European warfare of earlier centuries , the commanding officer of a surrendering force would specifically offer up his sword to the victorious commander . Flags and ensigns are hauled down or furled , and ships ' colours are struck to signal a surrender . When the parties agree to terms , the surrender may be conditional , i . e . , if the surrendering party promises to submit only after the victor makes certain promises . Otherwise it is a surrender at discretion ( unconditional surrender ) ; the victor makes no promises of treatment other than those provided by the laws and customs of war – most of which are laid out in the Hague Convention of 1907 and the Geneva Conventions . Normally a belligerent will only agree to surrender unconditionally if completely incapable of continuing hostilities . The Third Geneva Convention states that prisoners of war should not be mistreated or abused . United States Army policy , for example , requires that surrendered persons should be secured and safeguarded while being evacuated from the battlefield . Similar regulations exist in most modern militaries . Entire nations can also surrender in an attempt to end a war or military conflict . This is done through an unconditional capitulation or the signing of a treaty , such as an armistice or peace treaty .