naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
710th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 710th Infantry Division ( German : " 710 . Infanteriedivision " ) was a German Army infantry division in World War II . Formed in May 1941 , it served spent the majority of the war in occupation duties in Scandinavia before being transferred to the Italian Front in late 1944 . It participated in fighting against the Russians in Hungary before it withdrew into Austria and surrendered to the Americans in May 1945 . History . The 710th Infantry Division was formed in 2 May 1941 , largely from older personnel , under the command of Generalleutnant Theodor Petsch . It was smaller than a conventional infantry division and lacked much of the support weaponry that would typically be found in such a unit . The division served occupation duties in Norway , firstly at Oslo and then at Kristiansand . It later performed similar duties in Denmark until December 1944 , at which stage it was transferred to the Italian Front . The following month it was attached to I SS Panzer Corps , which had moved to Hungary after being heavily engaged in the Battle of the Bulge . The division , expanded with additional artillery and tank destroyer units , was involved in the fighting against the Russians during Operation Frühlingserwachen and the subsequent withdrawal through Hungary and into Austria . Now under the command of Generalmajor Walter Gorn , it surrendered to an United States Army unit on 8 May 1945 .
HMNZS Pukaki ( 2008 ) HMNZS " Pukaki " ( P3568 ) is a " Protector " - class inshore patrol boat of the Royal New Zealand Navy . " Pukaki " was launched in Whangarei Harbour on 6 May 2008 . Its primary duties include border and fisheries protection patrols , surveillance , boarding operations and search and rescue response . " Pukaki " is the third ship of this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy and is named after Lake Pukaki .
Heinz - Günther Guderian Heinz Günther Guderian ( August 23 , 1914 – September 25 , 2004 ) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht and later a Major General and Inspector of Panzer Troops in the West German Bundeswehr and NATO . He was the son of World War II General Heinz Guderian . Born in Goslar , Lower Saxony , Heinz Günther Guderian entered the German Army as an officer cadet on April 1 , 1933 . He was promoted to Second Lieutenant in 1935 and served as a platoon leader , battalion and regimental adjutant and company commander in Panzer Regiments 1 and 35 . He saw combat during the invasion of Poland and was wounded twice during the Battle of France in 1940 . He graduated from the General Staff College in 1942 and served as a staff officer in various armored units until being assigned as the Operations Officer for the 116th Panzerdivision ( " The Greyhounds " ) in May 1942 , a position he held until the end of the War . After the creation of the Bundeswehr , Guderian returned to the army and was given command of Panzerbattalion 3 ( later 174 ) and , later , Panzerbrigade 14 . He also served in a variety of staff assignments , culminating in service as Inspector of Panzer Troops — the same job his father held during World War II — for the Bundeswehr . He retired in 1974 . Guderian ' s World War II decorations include the Iron Cross Second and First Classes , the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , the Wounds Badge in Silver . After the war he received the Federal German Grand Cross of the Order of Merit on 21 December 1972 . Guderian wrote " From Normandy to the Ruhr : With the 116th Panzer Division in WWII " ( The Aberjona Press , 2001 ) ISBN 0 - 9666389 - 7 - 2
Božidar Janković Božidar Janković ( ; 7 December 1849 – 7 July 1920 ) was a Serbian army general commander of the Serbian Third Army during the First Balkan War between the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire . Janković died on 7 July 1920 in the town of Herceg Novi . The town of Đeneral Janković in Kosovo is named after him .
Panzer Leader ( book ) Panzer Leader ( , literally " Memories of a Soldier " ) is an autobiography by Heinz Guderian . The book , written during his imprisonment by the Allies after the war , describes Guderian ' s service in the " Panzer " arm of the " Heer " before and during World War II . Guderian ' s insights are important because of his association with the Panzer forces from a very early period , his high rank and involvement in many of the most important mobile operations of the war , and his eventual rise to Inspector General of Armored Troops , which involved him into regular direct interaction with Hitler and Speer in their high - level decision - making of the conduct of the last year of the war . In " Panzer Leader " , page 13 , he said : " In this year ( 1929 ) I became convinced that tanks working on their own or in conjunction with infantry could never achieve decisive importance . My historical studies ; the exercises carried out in England and our own experience with mock - ups had persuaded me that the tanks would never be able to produce their full effect until weapons on whose support they must inevitably rely were brought up to their standard of speed and of cross - country performance . In such formation of all arms , the tanks must play the primary role , the other weapons beings subordinated to the requirements of the armor . It would be wrong to include tanks in infantry divisions : what was needed were armored divisions which would include all the supporting arms needed to fight with full effect " . The most prominent English language version is the 1952 translation by Constantine Fitzgibbon , with a foreword by Captain B . H . Liddell Hart . The Da Capo Press editions have an additional introduction by Kenneth Macksey .
Jean De Gaillard De la Valden Marechal - des - Logis Jean Pierre Marie Joseph de Gaillard de la Valden was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Honors and awards citations . Médaille Militaire " Caporal of Escadrille MF123 ; a pilot of great initiative and very adroit . Always prepared to undertake the most perilous missions . On 14 March 1916 , he did not hesitate to engage in combat with three enemy planes , and , although flying a plane inferior in speed , he protected himself from his adversaries by dint of his skill , superior morale and initiative . The battle was terminated by the vertical fall of one enemy plane . " Médaille militaire citation , 24 May 1916
Samuel Needham Samuel Needham VC ( 16 August 1885 – 4 November 1918 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 33 years old , and a private in the 1 / 5th Battalion , The Bedfordshire Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 10 / 11 September 1918 at Kefr Kasim , Palestine , one of our patrols was attacked by the enemy in considerable force , supported by very heavy fire . At a critical moment Private Needham ran back , turned to face a fresh body of the enemy which was approaching and fired rapidly at about 40 Turks at only 30 yards range . This action checked the enemy and just gave the patrol commander time to get his men together again . Half of the patrol were casualties but they managed to get back all their wounded . Private Needham ' s action in standing up to the enemy all alone did much to inspire the men and undoubtedly saved the situation . He was killed by an accidental gunshot wound at Kantara , Egypt on 4 November 1918 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regimental Collection at the Wardown Park Museum , Luton , Bedfordshire .
HMM - 774 Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 774 ( HMM - 774 ) is a United States Marine Corps medium helicopter squadron consisting of CH - 46E Sea Knight transport helicopters . The squadron , known as the " Wild Goose " , is a United States Marine Corps Reserve unit based at Naval Station Norfolk ( Chambers Field ) , Virginia and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 49 ( MAG - 49 ) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing ( 4th MAW ) . Mission . Support the MAGTF Commander by providing assault support transport of combat troops , supplies , and equipment , day or night , under all weather conditions during expeditionary , joint or combined operations Maintain combat readiness and provide support to the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing . Missions include assault support , CASEVAC , helicopter support team training and SEAL team support . History . Marine Medium Helicopter 774 was activated September 5 , 1958 , at Naval Air Station New York as Marine Transport Helicopter Squadron 774 ( HMR - 774 ) . The squadron operated the SH - 34G / J Sea Bat helicopter . In April 1962 the squadron was redesignated Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 774 , but was deactivated on 30 September 1962 . HMM - 774 was reactivated at Naval Air Station Norfolk ( Chambers Field ) on July 1 , 1969 . HMM - 774 initially operated UH - 34D Sea Horse helicopters . In 1970 , the CH - 46 replaced the UH - 34 and in 1971 the squadron was assigned under the command of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing . In January 1991 , HMM - 774 was mobilized as an element of Marine Aircraft Group 26 , I Marine Expeditionary Force ( I MEF ) in support of OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM . In July 2004 , the squadron was mobilized and deployed to Al Asad , Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom from August 2004 to March 2005 and from September 2005 to March 2006 . The squadron was demobilized during July 2006 . On July 12 , 2010 , HMM - 774 embarked aboard USS Iwo Jima ( LHD - 7 ) in support of Continuing Promise 2010 . During this humanitarian mission , HMM - 774 provided support to numerous countries in South America , to include Haiti , Nicaragua , Panama , Colombia , Guatemala , Suriname and Costa Rica . HMM - 774 also played a vital role in the aftermath of Hurricane Thomas while deployed to South America and the Caribbean . Shortly after Hurricane Tomas passed through the Bahamas , HMM - 774 pulled out of Suriname in short notice and followed the storm to Haiti . Once Hurricane Tomas made landfall , USS Iwo Jima rushed to the scene . Within hours of Hurricane Tomas ' destruction , USS Iwo Jima was on the site and HMM - 774 was flying aerial recon to asess the situation and decide if further assistance was required . Notes . Surpassed 85 , 000 Mishap - Free Flight Hours
Earl ' s Palace , Birsay The Earl ' s Palace in Birsay , Orkney , Scotland , is a ruined 16th - century castle . It was built by Robert Stewart , 1st Earl of Orkney ( 1533 – 1593 ) , illegitimate son of King James V and his mistress Euphemia Elphinstone . The palace is a category A listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument , and is in the care of Historic Scotland . History . The castle was constructed in two phases . The first phase of work , begun in the 1570s , consisted of the great hall located in the south range , above the main door . Beside this was Lord Orkney ' s private chamber in the south - east corner tower . An inscription above the entrance , dated 1574 , marks this phase . The second phase , completed in the 1580s , saw a new range containing a great hall and chamber built on the north side of the courtyard . The second phase probably followed Robert ' s acquisition of the Earldom of Orkney in 1581 . After the death of Robert Stewart , the palace was used only occasionally by later earls of Orkney , and was not occupied after the mid - 17th century . By 1701 the palace had begun to deteriorate badly . The castle . The two - storey palace was constructed around a central courtyard and well , with large stone towers at three of the four corners . It was as much a fortress as a residence . Only the palace ' s upper floors had large windows ; the accessible ground floors were equipped with small openings and an array of gun - holes , from which musketeer s could cover every side of the building . Few records of the palace remain to give a clear impression of its contents and layout . The Reverend John Brand published a book about Orkney in 1701 , and included a description of the palace . He wrote :
David P . Fridovich David P . Fridovich is a Lieutenant General and Green Beret in the United States Army and Deputy Commander of the U . S . military ' s United States Special Operations Command that directs special operations campaigns . Fridovich is a 1974 graduate of Knox College where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon . He received his masters degree in Political Science from Tulane University in 1976 . Military career . After graduation , Fridovich was commissioned an Infantry Second Lieutenant . He served as a Rifle and Reconnaissance Platoon Leader , Company Executive Officer , and Light Infantry Company Commander with the 172nd Light Infantry Brigade , Fort Richardson , Alaska . He was appointed Assistant Professor of Military Science at Norwich University , where he trained the Mountain Cold Weather Cadre and Rescue Team . In 1984 , Fridovich completed the US Army Special Forces ( SF ) Detachment Officer ’ s Qualification course and reported to the 1st Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) at Fort Lewis , Washington , where he commanded both an SF Operational Detachment Alpha ( ODA ) and Bravo ( ODB ) in the 3rd Battalion before becoming the Battalion Operations Officer . He commanded the Combined / Joint Special Operations Task Force in Operation Joint Forge , Sarajevo , Bosnia - Herzegovina , from January through July 2000 . In 2005 , Fridovich was appointed Commander , Special Operations Command , Pacific . He subsequently assumed duties as the Director , Center for Special Operations , United States Special Operations Command in 2007 . In 2010 he was appointed as Deputy Commander , United States Special Operations Command .
War Powers Act of 1941 The War Powers Act of 1941 , also known as the First War Powers Act , was an American emergency law that increased Federal power during World War II . The act was signed by U . S . President Franklin D . Roosevelt and put into law on December 18 , 1941 , less than two weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . The act was similar to the Departmental Reorganization Act of 1917 as it was signed shortly before the U . S . engaged in a large war and increased the powers of the president ' s U . S . Executive Branch . The act gave the President enormous authority to execute World War II in an efficient manner . The president was authorized to reorganize the executive branch , independent government agencies , and government corporations for the war cause . With the act , the President was allowed to censor mail and other forms of communication between the United States and foreign countries . The act and all changes created by its power were to remain intact until six months after the end of the war at which time , the act would become defunct . Three months after passing the first , the Second War Powers Act was passed . This further strengthened the executive branch powers towards executing World War II . This act allowed the acquisition , under condemnation if necessary , of land for military or naval purposes . Some provisions of the Hatch Act of 1939 were also suspended which reduced naturalization standards for aliens within the U . S . Armed Forces . In addition , it created methods for war - related production contracting along with adjusting several other aspects of government affairs . The Second War Powers Act repealed the confidentiality of census data , allowing the FBI to use this information to round up Japanese - Americans .
1796 Pattern British Infantry Officer ' s Sword The 1796 Pattern British Infantry Officers Sword was carried by officers of the line infantry in the British Army between 1796 and the time of its official replacement with the gothic hilted sword in 1822 . This period encompassed the whole of the Napoleonic Wars . Design . The sword was introduced by General Order in 1796 , replacing the previous 1786 Pattern . It was similar to its prececesor in having a spadroon blade , i . e . one straight , flat backed and single edged with a single fuller on each side . The hilt gilt brass with a knucklebow , vestigial quillon and a twin - shell guard somewhat similar in appearance to that of the smallsword s which had been common civilian wear until shortly before this period . The pommel was urn shaped and , in many later examples , the inner guard was hinged to allow the sword to sit against the body more comfortably and reduce wear to the officer ' s uniform . Blades were commonly quite extensively decorated , often blued and gilt . Criticism . The 1796 Pattern Sword was not renowned as a great fighting sword . The blade was weak and the hilt gave very little protection to the hand . General Cavalie Mercer of the Royal Artillery , who wore the same sword stated that : " Nothing could be more useless or ridiculous than the old infantry regulation [ sword ] ; it was good for neither cut nor thrust and was a perfect encumberance . In the Foot Artillery , when away from headquarters , we generally wore dirk s instead of it " . Influence on United States Army swords . Regardless of its weaknesses as a fighting weapon , according to Robson , a nearly identical sword was carried by the Army Corps of Engineers in the early nineteenth century and in turn similar swords were adopted by the United States Army in 1840 for foot officers and ( with a simpler , unhinged guard ) for NCOs . See also . Pattern 1796 light cavalry sabre 1796 Heavy Cavalry Sword References . < / div >
USS Milton Lewis ( DE - 772 ) USS " Milton Lewis " ( DE - 772 ) , ex - USS " Rogers " ( DE - 772 ) , was a United States Navy proposed during World War II but never completed . " Milton Lewis " was laid down as USS " Rogers " ( DE - 772 ) by the Tampa Shipbuilding Company at Tampa , Florida , on 23 August 1943 . While under construction , " Rogers " was renamed USS " Milton Lewis " on 18 July 1943 , and the name " Rogers " was reassigned to the destroyer USS " Rogers " ( DD - 876 ) . " Milton Lewis " was launched on 6 August 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . William F . Lewis . Before " Milton Lewis " could be completed , her construction contract was canceled on 11 September 1944 . The incomplete ship was placed in non - commissioned service on 25 October 1944 for towing to Charleston , South Carolina , where she was scrapped .
Stratocracy A stratocracy ( from στρατός , " stratos " , " army " and κράτος , " kratos " , " dominion " , " power " ) is a form of government headed by military chiefs . It is not the same as a military dictatorship or " military junta " where the military ' s political power is not enforced or even supported by other laws . Rather , stratocracy is a form of military government in which the state and the military are traditionally or constitutionally the same entity , and government positions are always occupied by military leaders . Citizens with mandatory and / or voluntary military service , or who have been honorably discharged , have the right to elect and / or govern . The military ' s political power is supported by law and the society . A stratocracy therefore does not have to be by nature in order to preserve its right to rule . Notable examples of stratocracies . Modern stratocracies . The closest modern equivalent to a stratocracy is the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar ( Burma ) , which is arguably different from most other military dictatorships in that it completely abolished the civilian constitution and legislature . A new constitution that came into effect in 2010 cemented the military ' s hold on power through mechanisms such as reserving 25 % of the seats in the legislature for military personnel . Historical stratocracies . Cossacks were predominantly East Slavic people who became known as members of democratic , semi - military and semi - naval communities , predominantly located in Ukraine and in Southern Russia . They inhabited sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper , Don , Terek , and Ural river basins , and played an important role in the historical and cultural development of both Russia and Ukraine . From a young age , male Spartiates were trained for battle and put through grueling challenges intended to craft them into fearless warriors . In battle , they had the reputation of being the best soldiers in Greece , and the strength of Sparta ' s hoplite forces let the city become the dominant state in Greece throughout much of the Classical period . No other city - state would dare to attack Sparta even though it could only muster a force of about 8000 Spartiates during the zenith of its dominance . Fictional stratocracies . " Starship Troopers " , by Robert Heinlein . The novel ' s setting is sometimes considered a form of stratocracy as voting and public office are restricted to those who have given national service . The focus in the book from this group are veterans , although service in the military is not the only form of public service that enables a person to become a citizen with full democratic rights .
789th Bombardment Squadron The 789th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 467th Bombardment Group , stationed at Clovis Army Airfield , New Mexico . It was inactivated on 4 August 1946 . History . Established as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron in mid - 1943 and activated on 1 August . Trained under II Bomber Command in Idaho and Utah . In January 1944 the squadron received deployment orders for the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) . Moved to RAF Rackheath , Norfolk in England , February – March 1944 , and was assigned to the VIII Bomber Command . Upon arrival in England engaged in very long range strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany . In combat , the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organization , attacking the harbor at Kiel , chemical plants at Bonn , textile factories at Stuttgart , power plants at Hamm , steel works at Osnabrück , the aircraft industry at Brunswick , and other objectives . In combat , the unit served chiefly as a strategic bombardment organization , attacking the harbor at Kiel , chemical plants at Bonn , textile factories at Stuttgart , power plants at Hamm , steel works at Osnabrück , the aircraft industry at Brunswick , and other objectives . Attacked German communications and fortifications during the Battle of the Bulge , December 1944 – January 1945 . Hit enemy transportation to assist the Allied assault across the Rhine in March 1945 . After the German Capitulation in May 1945 , the squadron was ordered back to the United States for B - 29 transition and redeployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations ( PTO ) . Redeployed to the US June / July 1945 . Upon arrival , most of the group was demobilized due to their combat service in Europe ; a cadre of officers and men was formed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field , South Dakota on 25 August . At Sioux Falls , the unit was reformed with newly - trained pilots , aircrews and ground personnel . The reformed group was sent to Harvard Army Airfield , Nebraska for initial Second Air Force training . The Japanese Capitulation in early August canceled the planned deployment to the Pacific , however the group continued to train Due to the advanced training state of the squadron received new B - 29 Superfortress es and completed training . In December 1945 was assigned to a permanent base at Clovis AAF , New Mexico as part of Continental Air Forces . The unit , however was inactivated on 4 August 1946 due to personnel shortages and funding reductions in the immediate postwar Air Force . The equipment and remaining personnel were reassigned to other SAC units .
HMS Gloucester ( 1745 ) HMS " Gloucester " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Rotherhithe to the dimensions specified in the 1741 proposals of the 1719 Establishment , and launched on 23 May 1745 . " Gloucester " served until 1764 , when she was broken up .