naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siege of Bursa The Siege of Bursa ( also called Prusa , Prousa , Brusa or Broussa ) occurred from 1317 / 20 until the capture on 6 April 1326 , when the Ottomans deployed a bold plan to seize Prusa ( modern - day Bursa , Turkey ) . The Ottomans had not captured a city before ; the lack of expertise and adequate siege equipment at this stage of the war meant that the city fell only after six or nine years . According to some sources Osman I died of natural causes just before the fall of the city , while others suggest that he lived long enough to hear about the victory on his death - bed and was buried in Bursa afterwards . Aftermath . After the fall of the city , his son and successor Orhan made Bursa the first official Ottoman capital and it remained so until 1366 , when Edirne became the new capital . As a result , Bursa holds a special place in Ottoman history as their founding city , and also as the birthplace of Ottoman architecture ( Bursa Grand Mosque ( 1399 ) , Bayezid I Mosque ( 1395 ) , Hüdavendigar Mosque ( 1385 ) and Yeşil Mosque ( 1421 ) ) . During his reign Orhan encouraged urban growth trough the construction of buildings such as imaret s , hammam s , mosques , inns and caravanserai s , and he also build a mosque and a medrese in what is now known as the Hisar district , and after his death was buried there in his türbe ( mausoleum ) next to his father . The famous Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta who visited Bursa in 1331 was impressed by the sultan and found Bursa an enjoyable city " with fine bazaar s and wide streets , surrounded on all sides by gardens and running springs . " Importance . Paul K . Davis writes , " The capture of Brusa established Osman I ( Othman ) and his successors as the major power in Asia Minor , beginning the Ottoman Empire . "
USS Goodwill ( 1917 ) USS " Goodwill " was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 or 1918 until the end of 1918 . " Goodwill " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1917 . In 1917 or 1918 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , the Panama Canal Company , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She never received a section patrol ( SP ) number , but she was commissioned as USS " Goodwill " . Assigned to the 15th Naval District , " Goodwill " conducted shore and harbor patrols in the Panama Canal Zone for the rest of World War I . She was returned to the Panama Canal Company on 31 December 1918 .
Treaty of Copenhagen ( 1441 ) The Treaty of Copenhagen ( or the Peace of Copenhagen ) was signed in 1441 between the Hanseatic League and the Netherlands , ending the Dutch - Hanseatic War . The accord was developed after Christopher of Bavaria crushed a great peasant uprising in Northern Jutland . The treaty broke the attempted monopoly of Baltic trading routes by the Hanseatic League . Even though Hanseatic trade regulations did not change , the Dutch ( with their larger trading vessels ) increased their control on herring fisheries , the French salt trade , and the Baltic grain trade . In short , the Baltic Sea was open and influenced by Dutch traders . The Hanseatic merchants eventually became middlemen whereby they transported bulk goods ( i . e . lumber , grain , fish ) from the Baltic and exchanged them for textiles and other finished products . The treaty did not affect the control of Hanse trading outposts in London , Bruges , Danzig , and Bergen . Based on the terms of the agreement , Dutch towns promised to pay or return twenty - two lost Prussia n and Livonian ships . Moreover , the Dutch would pay 5 , 000 gulden s to the Danish king to maintain their trading privileges in Denmark , as well as pay the damages they made to Wendish towns .
Colonel Robert A . Smith Monument The Colonel Robert A . Smith Monument , located in Hart County , Kentucky , is a monument related to the American Civil War , listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It was built in the memory of Colonel Robert A . Smith and the members of the 10th Mississippi Infantry Regiment who sacrificed their lives for the Confederate States of America on September 14 , 1862 , at the Battle of Munfordville . Description . The monument is a 25 - foot - tall , white Gothic limestone obelisk weighing 35 tons and built in 1884 by Colonel Smith ' s brother . It is believed that Cleopatra ' s Needle is the only larger single - stone work in the United States . On private property far from a road , it is just east of CSX railroad tracks , and just south of a bridge across the Green River . A cast iron fence forms a perimeter 250 feet away from the monument . To the east of the monument are six smaller marble monuments each dedicated to a separate Mississippi Regiment — the 7th , 9th , 10th , 29th , and 44th . Soldiers were interred by the monument . The inscription reads : " South 42 ' west and ninety poles distant is the place of The Sacrifice of Col . Robert A . Smith and his regiment the Tenth Mississippi on Sept . 14 , 1862 " History . On September 14 , 1862 , Scottish - born Colonel Smith was ordered to capture a vital bridge during the Battle of Munfordville . After three hours of combat , Confederate losses were 40 dead and 211 wounded . Smith himself was mortally wounded and in great pain until he died several days later . Members of the Smith family long believed that Smith was ordered to lead the charge by his superior , Brigadier General James R . Chalmers , who felt that Smith would eventually rise in rank and become a threat to his promotion . Chalmers did in fact order the attack on his own initiative . Smith was buried in Jackson , Mississippi . When Robert Smith ' s brother James immigrated to America from Glasgow , Scotland , in 1886 , he searched for the place brother died . James decided to build a monument to honor his brother , buying the land and spending $ 4 , 000 on the monument itself . It was built by Oman & Stewart of Nashville , Tennessee , using limestone quarried from Bowling Green , Kentucky . On July 17 , 1997 , it was one of sixty different monuments to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places , as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission . There is another monument to Colonel Robert A . Smith in Edinburgh , where he was born , in the large Victorian Dean Cemetery . The name and date of the battle on the monument is correct , however the name of the town is misspelled as Mumfordsville instead of Munfordville .
RG - 33 The RG - 33 is a mine - resistant light armored vehicle initially designed by BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa ( formerly Land Systems OMC ) a South African subsidiary of BAE Systems . BAE Systems in the US extensively modified it with additional protection , new power train and suspension systems . It was built in a number of locations including York , Pennsylvania , USA . It was one of several vehicles being fielded by the US Armed Forces in Iraq under the MRAP program . Overview . It is based on the RG - 31 , which itself is based on the Mamba APC , although it is roughly twice the weight of a RG - 31 . There are two variants , the standard RG - 33 has four wheels and weighs 22 tons while the extended RG - 33L variant has six wheels , can carry twice as many people in the back , and weighs 26 to 37 tons depending on the version . It was selected to be the sole producer of the US Army ' s $ 2 . 88 billion Medium Mine Protected Vehicle program . The initial contract is worth $ 20 million . BAE representative Doug Coffey says that live - fire testing at Aberdeen , Maryland , proved the RG - 33 to be the overall most survivable MRAP vehicle . The RG33 is manufactured in several configurations including the category I 4×4 , category II 6×6 , the heavy armored ground ambulance ( HAGA ) and the special operations command ( SOCOM ) vehicle . Design . It features a monocoque armored v - hull , for maximized interior space , seats and footrests suspended from the ceiling , run - flat tire s , and an optional armored glass turret ( Gunner Protection Kit or GPK ) , for maximized visibility and protection . The monocoque hull does not extend under the engine like some other armored vehicles . Like the ATF Dingo , the RG - 33 uses a Unimog chassis . Unlike the Dingo , the hull and chassis are combined into one unit to provide less space for expansion gases to form . The vehicle is notable for its extensive use of TRAPP armored glass in the crew compartment . Like the Buffalo , it can be equipped with a robotic arm . The U . S . has fielded 259 RG - 33 4x4 variants in a Special Operations Command ( SOCOM ) configuration as shown above with remote weapon stations , two extra seats , and a rear door assist . The U . S . has also fielded 16 RG - 33L 6x6 variants in a Heavy Armored Ground Ambulance ( HAGA ) configuration . The Pentagon has future plans to add the Crows II remote weapon station , Boomerang anti - sniper system , and the Frag Kit 6 anti - EFP armor . Operators . United States
William Rodman William Rodman ( October 7 , 1757 – July 27 , 1824 ) was a member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . William Rodman was born in Bensalem Township , Pennsylvania , near Bristol , Pennsylvania . He served in the American Revolutionary War as a private and subsequently as brigade quartermaster . He commanded a company during the Whisky Rebellion in 1794 . He was a justice of the peace from 1791 to 1800 , and a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1804 to 1808 . Rodman was elected as a Republican to the Twelfth Congress . He died at “ Flushing ” near Bristol on July 27 , 1824 . Interment in the Episcopal Cemetery ( later known as the St . James Burying Ground ) .
Alexander Lukomsky Alexander Sergeyevich Lukomsky ( July 10 , 1868 - 25 January 1939 , Paris ) was a Russian military commander , General Staff , Lieutenant - General ( April 1916 ) . He fought for the Imperial Russian Army during the First World War and was one of the organizers of Volunteer army during the Russian Civil War . Lukomsky graduated from Nikolayev Engineering Institute as a military engineer , now Military engineering - technical university ( Russian : Военный инженерно - технический университет | Военный инженерно - технический университет ) .
PP - 19 Bizon The PP - 19 Bizon is a Russian 9mm requestd by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs for counter - terrorist and close quarters battles . The PP - 19 is being used by the FSB and other special forces of the Russian Federation . Description . This interesting submachine gun had been developed in Izhevsk at the famous IZHMASH state arms factory during the early 1990s , and first appeared on public circa 1993 . Obviously influenced by the somewhat unsuccessful Calico submachine guns , Bizon ( Bison ) SMG combined high capacity " helical " magazine with more conventional appearance and layout . Bizon heavily based on AKS - 74 assault rifle , and actually built on shortened AKS - 74 receivers , with AKS - 74 pistol grip , trigger unit and folding butt . Latter models introduced somewhat improved shape of pistol grip , with better ergonomics . Large capacity magazine is located under the barrel , and serves as a forearm , resulting in comfortable hold and trim profile . This firearm said to be comfortable to carry and fire , and provides a lot of firepower . Also , thanks to its closed bolt fire mode , combined with hammer fire control module , provides accurate semiautomatic fire . Controls are similar to those on all Kalashnikov assault rifles , thus being familiar for all Russian troops . Initially produced for 9x18 mm Makarov ammunition ( in both standard and Modified and hotter forms ) , Bizon latter appeared chambered for 9x19mm and 7 . 62x25mm ammo . Latter version appeared in two flavors - with cylindrical magazine holding 45 rounds , or with curved box magazine , holding 35 rounds ( apparently , old magazines from PPSh - 41 and PPS - 43 are used ) . Bizon submachine guns are in limited use with Russian security and law enforcement forces . As said above , Bizon submachine guns are built on shortened AKS - 74 receivers , made from stamped steel . It featured a simple blowback action , hammer fired from closed bolt . Feed is from " helical " magazines , made mostly of plastic and mounted under the barrel . Design of those cylindrically shaped magazines is loosely based on American Calico designs . Bizon is capable of semi - automatic and full automatic fire , with typical AK - type safety - selector lever at the right side of the receiver . Sturdy skeletonized buttstock is made from stamped steel and folds to the left side when not needed . Sights are similar to ones found on AKS - 74U , with hooded front post and flip - up rear .
William II of Holland William II of Holland ( February 1228 – 28 January 1256 ) was a Count of Holland and Zeeland ( 1235 – 56 ) . He was elected as German anti - king in 1247 and remained king until his death . Life . He was the son of Floris IV and Matilda of Brabant . When his father was killed at a tournament at Corbie , William was only seven years old . His uncles William and Otto ( Bishop of Utrecht ) were his guardians until 1239 . With the help of Henry II , Duke of Brabant and the archbishop of Cologne , he was elected in 1247 as king of Germany after Emperor Frederick II was excommunicated . After a siege of five months , he took Aachen in 1248 from Frederick ' s followers . Only then could he be crowned as king . He gained a certain amount of theoretical support from some of the German princes after his marriage to Elizabeth , daughter of Otto the Child , Duke of Brunswick - Lüneburg , in 1252 ; but , although " William lacked neither courage nor chivalrous qualities . . . his power never extended beyond the Rhineland . " In his home county , William fought with Flanders for control of Zeeland . He made himself ( being king of Germany ) count of Zeeland . In July 1253 , he defeated the Flemish army at Westkapelle ( in modern - day Belgium ) and a year later a cease - fire followed . His anti - Flemish policy worsened his relationship with France . From 1254 , he fought a number of wars against the West Frisians . He build some strong castles in Heemskerk and Haarlem and created roads for the war against the Frisians . William gave city rights to Haarlem , Delft , ' s - Gravenzande and Alkmaar . A castle he had built in 1248 was the beginning of the city of The Hague . Death . Melis Stoke , a scribe to William ' s son Floris V of Holland , wrote about William ' s death that , in battle near Hoogwoud on 28 January 1256 , William tried to traverse a frozen lake ( by himself , because he was lost ) , but his horse fell through the ice . In this vulnerable position , William was killed by the Frisians , who secretly buried him under the floor of a house . His body was forcefully recovered 26 years later by his son Floris V , who was only 2 years old when he succeeded his father . William was then buried in Middelburg . Independent chronicles confirm his death at that time , by failing to jump over a muddy water way during a skirmish . Much of Stoke ' s writing may have been to justify his employer ' s deeds and his claim on current - day West Frisia , so that the details of the mishap and subsequent events could be largely legendary .
CFS Falconbridge Canadian Forces Station Falconbridge ( CFS Falconbridge ) was a military radar station in the Canadian province of Ontario , active from 1952 to 1985 . The base was geographically located in Valley East , Ontario , although the nearest settlement — and the source of the base ' s name — was the community of Falconbridge in Nickel Centre . The site is now within the municipal boundaries of Greater Sudbury . History . CFS Falconbridge was opened as RCAF Station Falconbridge in 1952 as part of NORAD ' s Pinetree Line of radar stations . The original operating unit was No . 33 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron , later renamed No . 33 Radar Squadron when aircraft monitoring functions were transferred to Regional Headquarters in Duluth , Minnesota . In 1967 , the base was renamed Canadian Forces Station Falconbridge with the unification of Canada ' s military into the Canadian Forces . The station ' s operational call sign was Tomboy . In 1975 , a detachment of CFB North Bay ' s Air Weapons Control and Countermeasures School opened in Falconbridge . Instruction was provided in target plotting , weapons control and radar anti - jamming techniques . A visual and radar UFO incident occurred in the community on November 11 , 1975 , later reported in a press release by NORAD . The object was tracked on radar from the base and sighted in binoculars , and estimated to be a 100 foot diameter sphere with craters . Seven OPP police officers also witnessed the UFO . Some explanations given for the sightings included Venus , clouds , and / or weather balloon s . CFS Falconbridge was closed when the Pinetree Line was declared redundant in the mid - 1980s . The station was sold to Pine Ridge Developments , a private real estate developer , in 1987 for $ 1 . 9 million . The residential part of the base is now a commercial rental housing development , and the radar operations building was torn down in 2007 . Pine Ridge faced some criticism in 2003 for making only minimal safety improvements to the base ' s badly deteriorated former barracks and mess hall despite having rented out homes on the site to tenants with children .
Fort Frederick ( Kingston , Ontario ) Fort Frederick is a historic military building located on Point Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada ( RMC ) in Kingston , Ontario , Canada . Its construction dates to 1846 and the Oregon crisis . The fort consists of earthworks surrounding a Martello tower . Fort Frederick is included in two separate National Historic Sites of Canada : Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site and the Point Frederick Buildings National Historic Site . History . Fort Frederick was built on the south end of Point Frederick , the site of the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard . The point and fort were named after Frederick , Prince of Wales . The original fort , consisting of earthworks , was built during the War of 1812 for protection against naval attack . On November 10 , 1812 , the Fort Frederick battery took part in repulsing an American naval squadron under Commodore Isaac Chauncey . Four stone Martello towers were built to strengthen Kingston ' s defences in 1846 during the Oregon Boundary crisis between the United States and Britain . The towers were meant to protect the shipyard and the entrances to the Rideau Canal and St . Lawrence River , from possible United States aggression . Fort Frederick was one of these , and was built on the site of the original fort . Fort Frederick was abandoned in 1870 . Fort Frederick is the RMC cadets ' outdoor relaxed area , where all cadets are considered equal in rank , headress may be removed , and cadets have free rein to relax . The Martello tower houses the RMC Museum . While Archibald Macdonnell was Commandant , between 1909 – 19 , the upper floors of Fort Frederick was used as a common room . After the seniors rolled cannon balls down the common room stairs , the floor was reallocated as a recruit haven . The College ' s class of 1931 gifted Fort Frederick with wooden gates and a plaque in 1971 in remembrance of the days when Fort Frederick was a recruit refuge . Legacy . On 28 June 1985 Canada Post issued ' Fort Frederick , Ont . ' one of the 20 stamps in the “ Forts Across Canada Series ” ( 1983 & 1985 ) . The stamps are perforated 12Â½ x 13 and were printed by Ashton - Potter Limited based on the designs by Rolf P . Harder . Affiliations . The Museum is affiliated with : CMA , CHIN , and Virtual Museum of Canada .
Treaty of Lutatius The Treaty of Lutatius officially ended the First Punic War . It received its name from Gaius Lutatius Catulus , the Roman consul and victor of the Battle of the Aegates Islands who negotiated it with a subordinate of Hamilcar Barca in 241 BC . According to the historian Polybius , the terms of the accord dictated that Carthage must evacuate Sicily , not make war upon Syracuse or its allies , hand over all prisoners taken during the war , and pay an indemnity of 2200 talents ( 66 tons ) of silver in 20 annual installments . Originally rejected by the Roman people , these terms were eventually adopted with very little change under the authority of Quintus Lutatius Cerco , the brother of Gaius Lutatius Catulus . In the final agreement , Carthage was only given ten years to pay an indemnity of 3200 talents ( 96 tons ) , and had to evacuate the islands between Sicily and Italy ( Ustica and the Aeolian Islands ) and Aegadian Islands off western coast of Sicily .
Heinkel HD 21 The Heinkel HD 21 was a trainer built in Germany during the 1920s . It was a conventional single - bay biplane with staggered wings braced with N - type interplane struts . The main units of the fixed , tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross - axle , and the aircraft had three open cockpits in tandem , although one of these was typically faired over . The HD 29 of 1925 was essentially similar , but was purely a two - seater . One HD 21 ( registered " SE - ACY " ) was flown as an air ambulance by Carl Gustaf von Rosen for the Red Cross during the Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935 . Others were flown by the " Reichswehr " at the clandestine aviation training facility in Lipetsk .
Tiiu Kera Tiiu Kera ( born July 21 , 1945 ) is a retired United States Air Force ( USAF ) major general . Career . The general was born in Balingen / Wuerttemberg , Germany , and was commissioned in 1973 as a distinguished graduate of Officer Training School . After assignments at several Air Force bases in the United States and South Korea , she served as a staff officer at Headquarters U . S . Air Force and Tactical Air Command . She then served as chief of the Military Personnel Branch at Langley Air Force Base , as director of personnel management at Headquarters Space Division , and as a strategic planner at the Joint Staff . After a fellowship year at the Harvard Center for International Affairs , she returned to Headquarters U . S . Air Force where she was responsible for security issues in the former Warsaw Pact and for developing military - to - military relations with those countries . As the first U . S . defense attach to Lithuania , the general represented U . S . defense leadership to the Lithuanian ministry of defense and armed forces , served as the defense adviser to the U . S . ambassador , and managed U . S . security assistance programs . She was director of intelligence for Headquarters U . S . Strategic Command , serving as senior intelligence officer and principal intelligence adviser to the commander in chief . Maj . Gen . Tiiu Kera was deputy chief , Central Security Service , National Security Agency , Fort George G . Meade , Maryland . As the principal adviser to the agency ' s director on military cryptology issues , she ensures military service contributions to the NSA / CSS ' s responsibilities as a national and combat support agency . She oversees the functioning of military cryptology system operations ; develops policy and guidance on signals intelligence and information assurance for the military services ; manages the partnership of the NSA / CSS and the Service Cryptologic Elements ; and oversees military resource management at NSA and CSS . Retired Feb . 1 , 2002 .