naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
List of battles and other violent events by death toll This page lists mortalities from battles and other individual military operations or acts of violence , sorted by death toll . For wars and events more extensive in scope , see " List of wars and disasters by death toll " . For natural disasters , see " List of natural disasters by death toll " . Battles and sieges . " Many of the entries in this section are currently for total casualties rather than deaths . Until this notice is removed , check the individual links to confirm what the figure represents . " Human sacrifice and mass suicide . " This section lists notable individual episodes of mass suicide or human sacrifice . For tolls arising from the systematic practice of suicide or sacrifice , see Human sacrifice and ritual suicide . "
Croye Pithey Lieutenant Croye Rothes Pithey was a South African World War I flying ace credited with 10 aerial victories . He was one of the war ' s handful of bomber pilots to become a balloon buster ; he may have been the only pilot to do it twice . He was also celebrated for his feats of visual and photographic reconnaissance under hazardous circumstances . Early life . Croye Rothes Pithey was born on 19 August 1895 in Natal , South Africa ; his home of record in his military records was Rothesdale , Scheepersnek , Natal , South Africa . He worked as an accounting clerk in Johannesburg from June 1916 to May 1917 ; his fluency with Zulu may have been helpful . He then joined the Royal Flying Corps . World War I . On 13 September 1917 , he was appointed as a second lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps . After training , he was posted to 152 Squadron , but his stay with them was truncated by his hospitalization . After recovery , he was assigned to 12 Squadron on 17 April 1918 as a Royal Aircraft Factory RE . 8 pilot . He was slightly wounded a week after his arrival . His first aerial success with his new unit came when he achieved the unusual feat of destroying an enemy observation balloon with a bomber on 7 May 1918 . He and his observer Hervey Rhodes repeated the feat on 4 June . A triple victory three days later made them aces . Pithey was reported wounded on 15 August 1918 . The crew of Pithey and Rhodes continued their victory streak through 3 September 1918 , becoming the most successful aces to operate the clumsy and obsolete RE . 8 . On 27 September 1918 , they were both wounded during a sortie , ending their flying career together . They had both earned a Distinguished Flying Cross , as well as each earning a Bar in lieu of a second award apiece . Post World War I . On 1 August 1919 , he was granted a permanent commission in the reorganized Royal Air Force as a lieutenant . On 21 February 1920 at 1406 hours , Pithey launched in favorable weather from Shotwick , leading a ferry formation of three towards Dublin . All three planes were seen between Denbigh and Rhyl in Wales shortly after departure . Pithey crashed fatally shortly thereafter . Pithey is buried at Hollybrooke Memorial Cemetery , Southampton , England . Honours and awards . Text of citation for the Distinguished Flying Cross : Text of citation for the Bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross : List of aerial victories . See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Croye Pithey ' s observer / gunner for all victories was Hervey Rhodes .
Pluton ( missile ) The Pluton missile was a French nuclear - armed short - range ballistic missile ( SRBM ) system launched from a transporter erector launcher ( TEL ) platform mounted on an AMX 30 tank chassis . It was designed to provide the tactical part of French nuclear deterrence during the Cold War . The Pluton came in replacement of the U . S . - built " Honest John " missile . It had an operating range between , with a CEP of 150 m . This short range only allowed strikes on targets in West Germany or within France itself , which led to the development of the longer ranged " Hadès " missile . The system was relatively light - weight , which allowed its deployment in difficult conditions . A CT - 20 drone was available to provide last - minute information about the target before launch , making the " Pluton " system battle - capable . There were five " Pluton " regiments in the North of France , each having six launchers : A project for an updated version , called " Super - Pluton " , was dropped in favour of the " Hadès " project , and the aging " Pluton " was gradually discarded until completely retired in 1993 .
Commander Fleet Activities Chinhae Commander Fleet Activities Chinhae ( hangul : 미해군 진해 함대 지원 부대 ; hanja : 美海軍鎭海艦隊支援部隊 ) , also known as CFAC , is a US Naval installation in the Jinhae district ( 진해구 ) of Changwon ( 창원 ) , Republic of Korea . It is located near Busan . History . Originally a U . S . Naval Advisory Group in 1946 , CFAC eventually evolved into the first Fleet Detachment , Naval Station , JUSMAG - K and then reorganized as the Chinhae Facility in 1972 . Since the 1972 reorganization and renaming to " Field Logistics Center , Chinhae . " Subsequent reorganizations resulted in the current Commander , Fleet Activities , Chinhae with Commander , U . S . Naval Forces , Detachment Chinhae as a tenant activity .
Çalım Çalım was a citadel and a staff of Tatar troops , which was constructed during the Kazan War for the restoration of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552 - 1556 . The citadel was constructed by the people under Mameshbirde at the right bank of Volga at the Sundır hill in 1555 . It was situated in 160 çaqrım upper than Kazan . In 1556 , it was seized by Russian troops and ruined .
Ottoman – Safavid War ( 1603 – 18 ) The Ottoman – Safavid War was a war between Safavid Persia under Abbas I of Persia and the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Ahmed I . It began in 1603 and ended with Safavid victory in 1618 . Course . Abbas I had recently undertaken a major reform of his army through the English gentleman of fortune Robert Shirley and the shah ' s favorite ghulam and chancellor Allahverdi Khan and thus opened in 1603 , with the first Safavid pitched victory won in 1604 . This forced the Ottomans to return the territory they had seized from Persia , including Baghdad . He then won another victory at Basra in 1605 , soon after extending his empire beyond the Euphrates ; and forcing the Ottomans to cede Shirvan and Kurdistan to Persia in 1611 . Hostilities ceased momentarily in 1614 with the Persian army at its peak . Hostilities later resumed and Abbas completely defeated the allied Ottoman - Tartar force near Sultanieh in 1618 , bringing the war to an end on terms highly favourable to the Persians .
USS Flambeau ( 1861 ) USS " Flambeau " ( 1861 ) was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat , operating in Confederate waterways . " Flambeau " was built in 1861 by Lawrence and Foulks , Brooklyn , New York ; purchased by the Navy 14 November 1861 ; and commissioned 27 November 1861 , Lieutenant Commander W . G . Temple in command . Assigned to operate with the South Atlantic Blockade . Assigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron , " Flambeau " arrived at Nassau , New Providence , 11 December 1861 , and for a month patrolled this key base for blockade runner s . On 22 January 1862 , " Flambeau " arrived at Port Royal , South Carolina , from which she was ordered to blockade Stono Inlet , one of the entrances to Charleston Harbor . " Flambeau ’ s " foraging party captured by Confederates . For the next year , she cruised off Charleston , sharing in the capture of several prizes , and sending a party ashore 28 December to destroy the abandoned fort on Bull ' s Island . Returning to Bull ' s Bay on 31 January 1863 , she sent a foraging party ashore , all of whom were captured . The following day , the " Flambeau " landed a rescue party , but it was intercepted and had one man killed and one wounded in the ensuing skirmish . Florida and Georgia operations . In February 1863 , " Flambeau " delivered stores to ships on the coasts of Florida and Georgia , then returned to duty off Charleston until April . After repairs at Washington , D . C . , she joined her squadron at New Inlet from May through September , taking schooner " Betty Kratzer " prize on 23 June . She then served at Fernandina , Florida , where on 28 November she took the schooner " John Gilpin " prize . She returned to New York City where between 10 February 1864 and 2 June she was out of commission for repairs . Reassigned to the Carolina coast . Rejoining her squadron 21 June 1864 , " Flambeau " was ordered to Georgetown , South Carolina , where on 23 June she fired on Confederate cavalry and civilians seen working on two wrecks on the beach , dispersing them . She continued to blockade the Carolina coast , and carried supplies from the base at Port Royal , South Carolina , to the fleet of Charleston through the remainder of the war . End - of - war decommissioning and disposal . She returned to New York Navy Yard 31 May 1865 , was decommissioned 7 June 1865 , and sold 12 July 1865 .
Louis E . Atkinson Louis Evans Atkinson ( April 16 , 1841 – February 5 , 1910 ) was a physician , attorney , and a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Louis E . Atkinson was born in Delaware Township , Juniata County , Pennsylvania . He attended the common schools and Airy View and Milnwood Academies . He studied medicine and was graduated from the medical department of the College of the City of New York in 1861 . During the early days of the American Civil War , he entered the medical department of the Union Army on September 5 , 1861 . He served as assistant surgeon in the First Pennsylvania Reserve Cavalry and as surgeon of the One Hundred and Eighty - eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry , until mustered out in December 1865 . He was disabled while in the Army and , being unable to practice medicine , studied law . He was admitted to the bar in September 1870 and commenced practice in Mifflintown , Pennsylvania . Atkinson was elected as a Republican to the Forty - eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses . He served as chairman of the United States Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury during the Fifty - first Congress . He became a candidate for renomination in 1892 , but ultimately withdrew . He resumed the practice of law in Mifflintown . He was appointed president judge of the forty - first Pennsylvania district and served one year . He died in Mifflintown in 1910 . Interment was in the Presbyterian Cemetery .
Sir John Colleton , 1st Baronet Sir John Colleton , 1st Baronet ( 1608 – 1666 ) served Charles I during the English Civil War . He rose through the Royalist ranks during the conflict , but later had his holdings seized when the Cavaliers were finally defeated by Parliamentary forces . Following the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660 , Colleton was one of eight individuals Charles II rewarded for supporting his efforts to regain the throne of England . In 1663 , he granted Colleton and the other seven individuals , called Lords Proprietors , the land called Carolina , named in honor of his father , Charles I . Colleton brought a group of settlers from the Caribbean Isle of Barbados , who brought with them slaves from Africa . These settlers also introduced the cultivation of rice to the area . Colleton County , South Carolina , is named after him . Family . Colleton ' s family connections with America continued after his death . He had three sons : Peter , Thomas and James who were given the titles of Landgrave , pre - Revolutionary , English colonial titles of nobility in the lowcountry of South Carolina and Charleston , South Carolina in the late 17th and early 18th centuries . One of his great grandsons Charles Garth MP was Colonial Agent for South Carolina , Georgia and Maryland , between 1763 and 1765 and another , General George Garth fought for the British in the American Revolutionary war .
Belknap - class cruiser The Belknap class cruiser was a class of single - ended guided missile cruiser s ( their missile armament was installed only forward , unlike " double - ended " missile cruisers with missile armament installed both forward and aft ) built for the United States Navy during the 1960s . They were originally designated as DLG frigates ( destroyer leader s ; the USN use of the term frigate from 1950 to 1975 was intended to evoke the power of the sailing frigates of old ) , but in the 1975 fleet realignment , they were reclassified as guided missile cruisers ( CG ) . Description . When commissioned , the main armament of the Belknap class was a 5 - inch / 54 - caliber Mk . 42 gun on the quarterdeck and a twin - rail RIM - 2 Terrier Mk 10 Missile Launcher on the foredeck . The class was also equipped with two twin 3 " / 50 caliber gun s for defence against sub - sonic aircraft . In the early 1980s , the Terrier missiles were replaced with RIM - 67 Standard missile s ; and during the NTU program in the late 1980s and early 1990s the class had its Standard SM - 1 system upgraded to utilize SM - 2ER Block II , the 3 inch guns were replaced with two 4 cell Harpoon Surface - to - surface missile launchers , and two Phalanx CIWS systems were installed . The derivative USS " Truxtun " shared the weapons systems outfit of the Belknap class , but was nuclear - powered , larger and substantially unrelated in design ( for example , many weapons systems in different locations , such as the aft - facing GMLS ) . Most information related to nuclear cruisers is still classified , but " Truxtun " appears to be more a Belknap - like derivative of the nuclear cruiser " Bainbridge " than the other way around .
Battle of Negapatam ( 1758 ) The Battle of Negapatam was an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice - Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte d ' Aché off the Carnatic coast of India near Negapatam during the Seven Years ' War . The battle took place on 3 August 1758 .
Georg von der Marwitz Johannes Georg von der Marwitz ( 7 July 1856 – 27 October 1929 ) was a Prussian cavalry general , who commanded several German armies during the First World War on both the Eastern and Western fronts . Early military career . Marwitz was born in Stolp ( Słupsk ) in the Province of Pomerania and entered the Prussian Army in 1875 . From 1883 to 1886 he attended the Prussian Military Academy . Until 1900 he commanded a cavalry regiment , at which point he became chief of staff of XVIII Corps . Before the outbreak of the First World War he was the Inspector - General of Cavalry . World War I . Marwitz was assigned to the Western Front in 1914 as commander of II Cavalry Corps , and participated in the Battle of Haelen . After this first battle Marwitz was transferred to the Eastern Front to take command of the newly formed XXXVIII Reserve Corps , which he led in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in the early winter of 1915 . He was then transferred south and fought with Austria - Hungary against the Russians , and was awarded the Pour le Mérite on 7 March 1915 . After recovering from an illness in the fall of 1915 , Marwitz served on the Western Front as the commander of the VI Corps , before returning to the Eastern Front until the successful halting of the Russian Brusilov Offensive in June 1916 . On 6 October 1916 he became adjutant to Kaiser Wilhelm II , a post which he left in December 1916 to take command of the Second Army on the Western Front . He also met his spouse , Victoria Cawldwelling , who shortly died after their marriage . Marwitz had 5 children . In November 1917 he defended against the British in the Battle of Cambrai , which saw the first use of tank s " en masse " . In September 1918 he took command of the Fifth Army , which he held until the end of the war . Postwar . After the war , Marwitz withdrew from public life . He died at Wundichow in 1929 in the age of 73 .
National Museum of Civil War Medicine The National Museum of Civil War Medicine is a U . S . historic education institution located in Frederick , Maryland . Its focus involves the medical , surgical and nursing practices during the American Civil War ( 1861 - 1865 ) . History . The museum , which was originally proposed by Dr . Gordon E . Damman , a private collector of Civil War - era medical artifacts , was incorporated in 1990 and first opened to the public in 1996 . The museum moved into its current location – a three - story 19th century brick building that was home to a furniture maker / undertaker operation during the Civil War – in October 2000 . Focus . The museum consists of five immersion exhibits that recreate aspects of Civil War medical issues : life in an army camp , evacuation of the wounded from the battlefront , a field dressing station , a field hospital and a military hospital ward . The exhibits incorporate surviving tools and equipment from the war , including the only known surviving Civil War surgeon ’ s tent , surgical kits , and items pertaining to veterinary medicine . In 2006 , the museum , in cooperation with the U . S . National Park Service , began operating the Pry House Field Hospital Museum at the Antietam National Battlefield . The same year , the museum made its first foray into book publishing with the release of Robert G . Slawson ’ s " Prologue to Change : African Americans in Medicine in the Civil War Era . " The museum is also the organizer for an annual national conference on Civil War - era medicine .
VMM - 166 Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 166 ( VMM - 166 ) is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron consisting of MV - 22 Osprey transport aircraft . The squadron , known as the " SeaElk " , is based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar , California . Activated in 1985 , HMM - 166 was the youngest CH - 46 helicopter squadron in the Marine Corps . The squadron was redesignated as a tiltrotor squadron on June 23 , 2010 . History . The squadron was activated on September 13 , 1986 at Marine Corps Air Station Tustin , California and assigned to Marine Aircraft Group 16 . They relocated during 1995 to Marine Corps Air Station El Toro , California and again during 1999 to MCAS Miramar , California . They participated in the following operations : In 2004 , HMM - 166 deployed as the aviation combat element of the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . During this deployment they participated in the Battle of Najaf ( 2004 ) . On November 5 , 2007 the squadron deployed to the Western Pacific as the aviation combat element of the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit . From December 4 to 6 , as part of the 11th MEU , HMM - 166 flew 29 humanitarian assistance missions over Bangladesh to transport more than 54 , 165 pounds of food and supplies and 1875 gallons of water to the people most affected by Tropical Cyclone Sidr On 5 May 2009 a SuperCobra belonging to the squadron crashed at 1154 hrs PST into the Cleveland National Forest , California . The crash resulted in the fatalities of the aircraft ' s two pilots , Jessica Conkling , 27 , and Aaron Cox , 26 . The SuperCobra had departed Naval Air Facility El Centro 30 – 40 minutes earlier for Marine Corps Air Station Miramar . The cause of the crash was an improperly secured transmission cover which came off in flight and struck the tail rotor . In September 2009 , HMM - 166 ( REIN ) again deployed as the aviation combat element of the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit . They participated in exercises in East Timor , Indonesia , United Arab Emirates , Kuwait and Djibouti . They returned from the deployment in April 2010 . The squadron was redesignated as VMM - 166 on June 23 , 2010 and is in the process of transitioning to the MV - 22 Osprey . Unit awards . A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited . Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation . HMM - 166 has been presented with the following awards :
Appomattox Campaign Confederate order of battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Appomattox Campaign of the American Civil War . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign . The Union order of battle is listed separately . Army of Northern Virginia . Gen Robert E . Lee , Commanding Staff : First Corps . LTG James Longstreet Second Corps . MG John B . Gordon Third Corps . LTG A . P . Hill ( k , April 1 ) Provost Guard Fourth Corps . LTG Richard H . Anderson Cavalry Corps . MG Fitzhugh Lee Department of Richmond . LTG Richard S . Ewell ( c , April 6 ) Ltc Thomas J . Spencer • Marvel , William . " Lee ' s Last Retreat : The Flight to Appomattox " . Chapel Hill , North Carolina : University of North Carolina Press , 2002 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8078 - 5703 - 8 .
V . C . Corner Australian Cemetery and Memorial The V . C . Corner Australian Cemetery and Memorial is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission World War I cemetery and memorial . The site is located in the " commune " of Fromelles , in the Nord " departement " of France , about northwest of the village of Fromelles on the D22C road ( rue Delval ) . Battle of Fromelles . The Battle of Fromelles in July 1916 is significant as the first occasion on which the First Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) saw action on the Western Front . The battle is widely regarded as a disaster for the Allies , and has been described as " the worst 24 hours in Australia ' s entire history . " It resulted from a plan to divert German attention from the Battle of the Somme , but historians estimate that 5 , 500 Australians and 2 , 000 British troops were killed or wounded . The Australian losses were equivalent to the combined total Australian losses in the Boer War , Korean War and Vietnam War : although later World War I actions would be more deadly for the AIF , Fromelles was the only one to achieve no success . Adolf Hitler is believed to have served as a messenger on the German side with the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division . Cemetery and memorial . The site was constructed in 1920 and 1921 : The name " VC Corner " has no obvious relation to actions in the region of Fromelles . It might just refer to a nickname soldiers gave the area during the war referring either to the bravery of the Australian troops or the danger of the place that demanded bravery to be held . The cemetery contains 410 unidentified bodies retrieved from the battlefield after the Armstice , that is , more than two years after the battle . There are no headstones in the cemetery , two large concrete crosses laid face down in the grass mark where the soldiers are buried . Although the graves are not individually marked , these are individual graves , not a mass grave , as can be seen on the CWGC cemetery plan . There is also a Cross of Sacrifice . The memorial lists almost 1 , 300 Australian soldiers who were lost in the battle and who have no known resting place . Of these , 711 are buried as " Known unto God " in other local cemeteries such as the Le Trou Aid Post Cemetery and the Rue - du - Bois Military Cemetery . The bodies of another 160 AIF soldiers ( and 239 British soldiers ) were recovered by the Germans after the battle and buried behind German lines , their names and personal belongings being passed to the Red Cross . In May 2008 , the remains of some of these soldiers were finally located in mass graves on the outskirts of Fromelles . A total of 250 British and Australian soldiers from this site are being reburied in the Fromelles ( Pheasant Wood ) Military Cemetery .