naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS R - 13 ( SS - 90 ) USS " R - 13 " ( SS - 90 ) was an " R " - class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy , Massachusetts on 27 March 1918 . She was launched on 27 August 1919 sponsored by Miss Fanny B . Chandler , and commissioned on 17 October 1919 with Lieutenant Commander Walter E . Boyle in command . Service history . 1919 – 1941 . Following shakedown in New England waters , " R - 13 " briefly operated out of New London , Connecticut . In the spring of 1920 she conducted training patrols off Bermuda , then prepared for transfer to the Pacific . She departed the East Coast in mid - June ; transited the Panama Canal in early July . Given hull classification symbol SS - 90 at midmonth , she continued up the west coast to San Pedro , California , whence she headed for Hawaii on 26 August . " R - 13 " arrived at Pearl Harbor on 6 September and for the next nine years assisted in the development of submarine warfare tactics . Ordered back to the Atlantic with the new decade the submarine stood out from Pearl Harbor 12 December 1930 and on 9 February 1931 arrived back at New London . There , she served as a training ship until 1941 . However , she was in Annapolis , Maryland on 30 June 1932 . 1941 – 1946 . On 26 May 1941 , " R - 13 " headed south to her new homeport , Key West , Florida . Arriving at the end of the month , she returned to New London in July , but was back off southern Florida in August . During the fall she conducted operations in the Gulf of Mexico , then assumed training duties for the Sound School at Key West . Through World War II , she continued the work there and out of Port Everglades , Florida , and conducted patrols in the Yucatan Channel and the Florida Straits . With the cessation of hostilities , " R - 13 " decommissioned 14 September 1945 , was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 October 1945 , and was sold 13 March 1946 .
SVDK SVDK ( Russian : СВДК ) is a Russian sniper rifle from the Dragunov sniper rifle s family chambered for the 9 . 3×64mm 7N33 cartridge . Description . The Dragunov SVDK large caliber sniper rifle ( any rifle caliber above 9 mm is considered a large caliber in Russia ) is a somewhat controversial weapon , adopted by Russian army in 2009 . It was developed through " Vzlomshik " ( Breaker ) research and development program , along with 7 . 62 mm SV - 98 sniper and 12 . 7 mm ASVK anti - materiel rifles . The purpose of SVDK is to deal with targets which are too hard for standard 7 . 62x54R sniper rifles like SV - 98 or SVD , such as assault troops in heavy body armor or enemy snipers behind cover . There also were rumors that SVDK will serve as a long - range anti - personnel weapon . The effective range of SVDK is cited as ' about 600 meters ' .
Paul Claas Paul Claas ( 12 December 1908 – 20 June 1943 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Paul Claas was killed on 20 June 1943 after a water landing in the Sea of Azov .
USS Stribling ( DD - 96 ) USS " Stribling " ( DD - 96 ) was a " Wickes " - class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I and the years following . She was the first ship named in honor of Cornelius Stribling . " Stribling " was laid down at Quincy , Massachusetts , on 14 December 1917 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company , launched on 29 May 1918 , sponsored by Miss Mary Calvert Stribling , and commissioned at the Boston Navy Yard on 16 August 1918 , Lieutenant Commander Thomas E . Van Metre in command . Service history . On 31 August , " Stribling " departed New York to escort a convoy across the $ 3 . However , machinery trouble forced her back into New York the following day . After almost three weeks in port , she got underway again on 18 September , this time as an escort to a Gibraltar - bound convoy . She fueled at Ponta Delgada in the Azores and made Gibraltar in early October . From there , she sailed with a convoy for Marseilles on 10 October . For the next month , she made several Gibraltar - to - Marseilles circuits with Allied convoys . After the Armistice , she sailed to Venice , Italy , to investigate post - armistice conditions there and at various other ports on Italy ' s Adriatic coast and in Dalmatia . At the completion of that duty , she headed back to the United States , arriving home in July 1919 . " Stribling " entered the Portsmouth Navy Yard for overhaul and repairs before being placed in reduced commission at Philadelphia . There , she was converted to a minelayer and , on 17 July 1920 , she was redesignated DM - 1 . In September 1921 , she departed Philadelphia and sailed to the west coast and , from there , proceeded on to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii . After a series of maneuvers in the islands , " Stribling " was decommissioned on 26 June 1922 . On 1 December 1936 , her name was struck from the Navy list . The following month , her hulk was towed to San Pedro , California , where she was sunk as a target .
Hamrija Tower Ħamrija Tower is a fortification ( recently reconstructed ) , that the Knights of Malta built on the island of Malta . It is a watchtower , one of 13 such towers that Grand Master Martin de Redin ordered built . The tower was constructed in 1659 as the 12th tower in the series of de Redin towers and the last on Malta ' s southwestern Coast . The nearest tower in the chain is the Wardija Tower to the south - east . The tower was originally armed with an 3 - pounder gun and a ½ - pounder gun , both too small to be of much use except to signal . The tower is located a few hundred meters from two Neolithic temple sites , Mnajdra and Ħaġar Qim . It stands on a cliff and has an excellent view of the island of Filfla . The tower is between Għar Lapsi , in the district of Siggiewi , and Wied iz - Zurrieq , in the district of Qrendi .
62nd Cavalry Regiment ( India ) The 62nd Cavalry is an Armoured Regiment of the Indian Army and was raised by Lt Col RS Butalia on 31 Mar 1957 at Ambala Cantonment . Drawn from the existing cavalry regiments of the time , the 62nd Cavalry is recruited from the Sikh , Jat and Dogra communities . The Regiment was born as the first Armoured Regiment to be raised in Independent India and was the First Indian Armoured Regiment to be raised entirely on Tanks . In its ninth year , the 62nd Cavalry took part in the 1965 War against Pakistan . The regiment , equipped with obsolete Sherman tanks fought modern Pakistani Patton tanks and outgunned and out - tanked them . The Regiment was honoured by President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy during its silver Jubilee when he presented a Guidon to them on 31 March 1981 . The Regiment celebrated its Golden Jubilee with a mounted parade reviewed by the Chief of Army Staff on 31 March 2006 . During the parade the COAS bestowed the Regiment with a Standard in recognition of its achievements . The celebrations were attended by the Chief Minister of Punjab , Capt . Amarinder Singh , in recognition of the services rendered by 62nd Cavalry personnel who hail from Punjab apart from Lt Gen GD Singh , Deputy Chief of Army Staff ( P & S ) , the Colonel of the Regiment of 62 CAVALRY .
Fort Sewall Fort Sewall is a historic fort on Fort Sewall Promontory in Marblehead , Massachusetts . The fort was founded in 1644 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . The fort : . . . was first established in 1644 as a defensive breastwork on Gale ' s Head , one of this area ' s rocky headlands . The fort was enlarged in 1742 for defense against the French , and further construction including a magazine and barracks occurred in 1794 and , again , at the time of the Civil War . A company mustered at the fort during the War of 1812 , and in 1814 the fort was named in honor of Judge Samuel Sewall , a town benefactor during and after the Revolution , who later became a Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court . The fort was deeded by the US government to the town of Marblehead in 1890 . Fort Sewall is now operated as a public park .
3rd Division ( Reichswehr ) The 3rd Division was a unit of the Reichswehr . Creation . In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army ( to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles ) , it was determined that in every " Wehrkreis " ( military district ) a division would be established by 1 October 1920 . The 3rd Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr - Brigaden 3 , 6 and 15 , all part of the former " Übergangsheer " ( Transition Army ) . It consisted of 3 infantry regiments , an artillery regiment , an engineering battalion , a signals battalion , a transportation battalion and a medical battalion . The commander of the Wehrkreis III was simultaneously the commander of the 3rd Division . The unit ceased to exist as such after October 1934 , and its subordinate units were transferred to one of the 21 Divisions newly created in that year . Garrisons . The divisional headquarters was in Berlin .
Jesse Rutherford , Jr . Jesse Rutherford , Jr . was born January 12 , 1922 in Salmon , Idaho . Marine Corps career . " Rutherford " enlisted in the United States Marine Corps July 14 , 1941 . After undergoing basic training at San Diego , California , he reported to carrier Lexington November 8 , 1941 . " Private Rutherford " was on board during the pivotal Battle of the Coral Sea , in which the Navy turned back the Japanese thrust toward Port Moresby and Australia . In this first great carrier action , during which neither force cited the other , American planes sank one Japanese carrier and damaged another ; but , near the end of the battle , May 8 , Lexington was hit by two bombs and two torpedoes . " Rutherford " , a fuse setter in a gun mount , was seriously injured in the attack ; but he remained at his post . In the language of his citation , " although mortally wounded by the fragments of a bursting bomb , he displayed outstanding courage and a loyal determination to keep his gun in action despite his injured condition , and valiantly remained at his station setting fuses until he collapsed on the deck . " Awarded the Navy Cross . The stricken " Lady Lex " was finally sunk by friendly ships , and " Private Rutherford " was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism . Namesake . USS Jesse Rutherford ( DE - 347 ) was named in his honor . She was laid down by Consolidated Steel Corp . , Orange , Texas , November 22 , 1943 ; launched January 29 , 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Mary Rutherford , mother of " Private Rutherford " ; and commissioned May 31 , 1944 , Lt . Comdr . B . M . Henry in command .
Bazar Valley Campaign The Bazar Valley Campaign of 1908 was a punitive expedition against the Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi , a Pathan tribe inhabiting the mountains on the Peshawar border of the North West Frontier province of British India . It was undertaken by the Bazar Valley Field Force , under the command of General Sir James Willcocks . The campaign began on 14 February 1908 , and was concluded by a jirga and peace on 1 March 1908 . The satirical magazine , Punch , characterised the campaign as Willcocks ’ Weekend War . The main British Army elements were the Seaforth Highlanders and the 37th Lancers . Regiments of the British Indian Army included sections of the 45th and 53rd Sikhs , the Madras Sappers and 5 Gorkha Rifles . Archibald Percival , 1st Earl Wavell took part in this campaign as a junior officer .
Ajyad Fortress The Ajyad Fortress ( ) was an Ottoman citadel which stood on a hill overlooking the Grand Mosque of Mecca , in what is now Saudi Arabia . Built in the late 18th century , it was destroyed by the Saudi government in 2002 for commercial development of the Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower , sparking global outcry . History . In 1781 ( or 1777 or 1780 , according to some sources ) , the fortress was built in order to protect the Kaaba and Islamic shrines in Mecca from bandits and invaders . The fort covered some on Bulbul Mountain ( a spur of Jebel Kuda ) overlooking the Masjid al - Haram from the south . In early 2002 , the Ajyad Fortress was demolished and most of Bulbul mount was levelled , in order to clear the area for the $ 533 million construction project of Abraj Al Bait Towers . Opening in 2012 , the complex of multiple high - rise buildings consists of apartment s , a twin - tower five - star hotel , restaurants , and a shopping centre , built by the Saudi Binladin Group . Reactions . The destruction of the historic structure stirred both domestic and international protest . The Turkish Foreign Minister İsmail Cem İpekçi and other institutions tried to prevent the demolition . The Turkish Democratic Left Party ( DSP ) Deputy Ertuğrul Kumcuoğlu even suggested a boycott on travelling to Saudi Arabia . The Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism condemned the obliteration of the fortress , comparing the act to the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan , and accusing the Saudi authorities of " continuing with their policy of demolishing Ottoman heritages . " The French news agency Agence France - Presse ( AFP ) quoted Saudi Islamic affairs Minister Saleh al - Shaikh as saying " no - one has the right to interfere in what comes under the state ' s authority " . In reference to the housing component of the plan , al - Sheikh added that it was intended to house pilgrims to Mecca , and said " this is in the interest of Muslims all over the world " . However , the destruction of this and other historic sites fueled criticism of the Saudis , and plans were made to rebuild the castle , as ordered by the King in 2001 : A 1 / 25 scale model of the fortress is included along with other architectural models at the Miniatürk miniature park in Istanbul , Turkey .
7th North African Infantry Division The 7th Infantry Division North African ( 7 e DINA ) was an infantry division of the French Army that participated in the Second World War . Combat history . The Division formed at Camp Valdahon from March 16 to April 20 , 1940 as part of the General Headquarters Reserve . The 97th Reconnaissance Group was a motorized cavalry unit composed of members of the French Foreign Legion . The regiments of Tirailleurs were infantry formed from native North Africans led by French officers . At the end of May the division was attached to the 1 Army Corps , 7 Army The 7th Army , its self newly formed , was intended fill a gap on the flank of the long German penetration , and perhaps take take advantage of the apparent vulnerability of the panzer divisions , which , so far ahead of their other units might be attacked in the flank and rear . However its forces were assigned from the reserve and other areas that were some distance from the new army sector , and would take some time to arrive . The time lag was compounded by French staffs , who fearing panzer raids where units were unloading , moved retraining points ' absurd distances ' from potential jump off points . The 7 na began arriving by train on 20 May , with two battalions alighting at St Just en Chausee , 40 km from Amiens , and other units even further . Its assembly was not complete until four days later , by which time the Panzers along the Somme had been replaced by Motorised Infantry , and the German marching infantry were not far behind . On 9 June , attempting to cover the retreat of the division , the 97th Reconnaissance Group defended the village of Quesnel , and launched repeated counter attacks against German amour , but in the process lost half their vehicles and suffered serous casualties . By the end of June the unit had lost half of its officers and two thirds of its men . By 25 June the division had suffered such high loses that it was disbanded .
Battle of Thessalonica ( 1040 ) The battle of Thessalonica ( ) occurred in 1040 near the city of Thessalonica in contemporary Greece between the Bulgarians and the Byzantines . The battle ended with a Bulgarian victory . Origins of the Conflict . In 1018 the Byzantines conquered Bulgaria after a bitter half - century struggle . In 1040 one Delyan who claimed to be a descendant of the Bulgarian Emperor Samuil led an uprising against the Byzantine occupation which broke out in Belgrade and was proclaimed Emperor under the name Peter II after the sainted Emperor Peter I ( 927 - 969 ) . At the same time local Bulgarians in what is now Albania revolted under the officer Tihomir . The two leaders met and to avoid distraction Peter Delyan was chosen as the only commander of the rebel army and Tihomir was killed . The battle . After the two armies united Peter II Delyan marched eastwards to Thessalonica where at that time was the Byzantine Emperor Michael IV . The Byzantines were defeated and Michael IV had to flee for his life leaving his personal tent and large quantity of gold and silver . Aftermath . Soon the Bulgarian successes continued as they seized the important Adriatic port Dyrrhachium . Another army invaded Thessaly and seized its northern parts . That caused serious troubles for the government in Constantinople which had to act swiftly in order to stop the restoration of the Bulgarian Empire .
Medical Corps ( Israel ) The Israeli Medical Corps ( , " Heil HaRfu ' a " ) is an Israel Defense Forces corps responsible for providing healthcare services and medical treatment and instruction to all levels of the IDF . During wars or emergencies , it also assumes authority over the civilian healthcare system in Israel . The corps attends to the planning , organization , and supervision over the preparedness of the healthcare system to face crises . As of 2011 , the corps is headed by Brigadier General Dr . Itzik Kryce . Its headquarters are located in Tel HaShomer . Structure . The Medical Corps is divided into six brigade - or battalion - level units : The Medical Services Center , headed by a colonel , is the corps ' s main operational unit , consisting of four regional medical service centers .
RPK - 2 Viyuga The RPK - 2 Viyuga ( , meaning " blizzard " ) , also designated 81R , and identified by NATO as Starfish and the United States Department of Defense as SS - N - 15 , is a Russia n submarine - launched , nuclear - armed anti - submarine missile system , launched exclusively through 533mm torpedo tubes . Analogous to the now retired Subroc missile carried by US Navy submarines , it is designed to be fired from a 533 mm ( 21 in ) torpedo tube . It is boosted by a choice of mechanisms depending on model before clearing the water , firing a solid fuel rocket and delivering its payload up to 45 km ( 28 mi ) away . The payload ranges from a simple depth charge to a 200 kt nuclear warhead . The RPK - 2 uses a 82R torpedo or 90R nuclear depth charge in the 533 mm version , and a 83R torpedo carrying or 86R nuclear depth charge in 650 mm version . Both submarine - and surface - launched versions exist . The surface - launched versions are used by the Slava , Kirov , Neustrashimyy and Udaloy classes . The submarine - launched versions are used by the Akula , Oscar , Typhoon , Delta , Kilo , and Borei classes .
Fauj - i - Khas The Fauj - i - Khas was a brigade of the Sikh Khalsa Army of Punjab in the time before the First Anglo - Sikh War . It was the Maharaja Ranjit Singh who started to hire European officers to train and command parts of his army . The Fauj - i - Khas was a model brigade trained and equipped after European model under the command of General Jean - Baptiste Ventura . It was consisted of 11000 , horsemen ( Ghor Charras ) , dived in to fifteen Dera led by eminents sardars , amoungh them Sham Singh Atariwala , Gurmukh Singh Lamba , Hari Singh Nalwa , and two by non Sikhs , the Mulraj Derah and Dorgra Derah . Izazi - i - sardari was the highest honour , most distinguished Sikh generals , sardar Gurmukh Singh Lamba , Hari Singh Nalwa , and Dal Singh Nahama were the recipient . Sikh General Sardar Gurmukh Singh Lamba sketch portrait Painting is displayed at Central Museum Lahore under serial D - 40 with a caption . The " Fauj - i - Khas " had 4 battalions of infantry , 2 regiments of cavalry and a troop of artillery . The cavalry was built on a British model and the infantry on French pattern . This was the first unit in the army to be equipped European - style . Impressed by its performance , the Maharaja ordered a total reorganisation of his whole regular force on the model of Fauj - i - Khas in 1835 . This alarmed the British , who had come to see the emerging military power of Punjab as a threat , to such a degree that they in 1837 issued orders " to be vigilant and try to arrest any French officer travelling in disguise to join Ranjit Singh ’ s army . " Before Ranjit Singh , the Punjab army was mainly a pure cavalry army . Under the supervision of the European officers , and encouragement by the Maharaja , the infantry and artillery gained importance , and by the time of the death of Ranjit Singh , the infantry service had become the preferred service in the army . Over the years many Europeans served in the army of the Punjab . Among them :
DEST DEST , ( an acronym of or " German Earth & Stone Works Company " Inc ) , was an SS owned company originally created to procure and manufacture building materials for state construction projects in Nazi Germany . " DEST " was a subsidiary company of " Amtsgruppe W " ( " Amt . W " ) of " SS - Wirtschafts - und Verwaltungshauptamt " ( " WVHA " ) . Both " Amt . W " and the " WVHA " were headed by " SS Obergruppenfuehrer Generalleutnant " of the " Waffen SS " Oswald Pohl and " SS Gruppenführer Generalleutnant " of the " Waffen SS " Georg Lörner . The headquarters for " DEST " was located in Sankt Georgen an der Gusen , a small town in Austria where Gusen II , a subcamp of Mathausen , was built in 1944 . History . " DEST " , founded on April 29 , 1938 , in Berlin , was administered by the " VWHA " for the purpose of procuring building materials and organizing slave labor and overseeing quarry operations . The Sachsenhausen ( 1936 ) , Buchenwald ( 1937 ) , Flossenbürg ( 1938 ) , Mauthausen ( 1938 ) , Natzweiler - Struthof ( 1939 ) , Gross Rosen ( 1940 ) and Neuengamme ( 1940 ) concentration camp sites were chosen because of their proximity to soil suitable for making bricks , or due to the close proximity of a brickworks factory or stone quarry . " DEST " was widely successful in the exploitation of slave labor , most of whom were Jews , in the quarries . Human labor was used cruelly , becoming one of the main tenets of war crime charges in the Nuremberg Trials . The director of the program , " SS - Obergruppenführer " Oswald Pohl , who was stationed in Berlin , was sentenced to death for war crimes in 1947 in Nuremberg , and executed in 1951 . In 1943 , " DEST " changed its focus from stone industry to armaments . From this time the organization played a key role , helping the SS to enter some key war industries . This was underlined by their industrial park at St . Georgen and Gusen that made the SS a key supplier of aircraft fuselages ( Me 109 , Me 262 ) , carbines and machine guns to companies like Messerschmitt and Steyr - Daimler - Puch . To run its business with the inmates of the Gusen and Mauthausen concentration camps , " DEST " operated its headquarters of " Granitwerke Mauthausen " between 1940 and 1945 in the town of Sankt Georgen an der Gusen which was its biggest and most important " Werkgruppe " ( industry group ) .