naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John Tracy ( Medal of Honor ) Private John Tracy ( December 28 , 1848 – May 29 , 1918 ) , born Henry G . Nabers , was an Irish - born soldier in the U . S . Army who served with the 8th U . S . Cavalry during the Apache Wars . He was one of thirty - two men received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in fighting Cochise and the Apache Indians in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona , later known as the " Campaign of the Rocky Mesa " , on October 20 , 1869 . Biography . Henry G . Nabers was born in Dublin , Ireland , on December 28 , 1848 . He later emigrated to the United States and , under the alias John Tracy , enlisted as a private in the United States Army in either Chicago , Illinois or St . Paul , Minnesota . He was assigned to Company G of the 8th Cavalry Regiment and sent to the Arizona Territory where he saw considerable action during the Apache Wars . He particularly distinguished himself during the campaign against Cochise in late - 1869 . On October 5 , he was part of a small cavalry detachment from Fort Bowie , under the command of Lieutenant William H . Winters and Captain Reuben Bernard , in pursuit of an Apache raiding party . Earlier that day , these Apaches had massacred a stage coach en route to Tucson and then attacked a group of cowboys in Sulphur Springs Valley . His unit eventually caught up to them at Cochise ' s stronghold in Chiricahua Mountains , above Rucker Canyon , where they engaged in a major battle , later known as the " Campaign of the Rocky Mesa " , on October 20 , 1869 . Tracy was cited for " gallantry in action " and one of thirty - two members of the 1st and 8th U . S . Cavalry who received the Medal of Honor four months later . He died on May 29 , 1918 at age 69 and was interred at the Calvary Cemetery and Mausoleum in St . Louis , Missouri . Tracy remained buried in an unmarked grave for nearly a century before a campaign , headed by Connie Nisinger in the spring of 2003 , eventually resulted in an official Medal of Honor headstone being placed at his grave site . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company G , 8th U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Chiricahua Mountains , Ariz . , 20 October 1869 . Entered service at : St . Paul , Minn . Birth : Ireland . Date of issue : 14 February 1870 . Citation : Bravery in action with Indians . External links . city
Mount Oread Mount Oread is a hill located in Lawrence , Kansas , at approximately 38°57 ' 47 . 32 " N , 95°15 ' 25 . 51 " W . It sits on the water divide between the Kansas and Wakarusa rivers . It was named after the Oread Institute in Worcester , Massachusetts . The hill was originally called Hogback Ridge by many Lawrence residents until the Oread name was adopted in 1866 . For emigrants going westward by wagon train on the Oregon Trail , " The Hill " , as Mount Oread is now commonly referred to by residents of Lawrence , was the next big topographical challenge after crossing the Wakarusa River near today ' s Haskell Indian Nations University . According to the United States Geological Survey , Mount Oread is located approximately above sea level . By way of comparison , downtown Lawrence is about above sea level . Mount Oread is perhaps best known for being the staging area of William Quantrill ' s raid into Lawrence on August 21 , 1863 , during the American Civil War . Presently , the campus of the University of Kansas ( KU ) rests on Mount Oread . In recent years , Mount Oread has obtained the nickname " Snob Hill , " largely from students , alumni , and supporters of Kansas State University , owing to the perceived attitudes of superiority of KU students . This was memorably encapsulated by a prank pulled at Allen Fieldhouse during a Sunflower Showdown basketball game on February 20 , 1965 , when two banners reading " Go Cats , Kill Snob Hill Again " unfurled on the east and west sides of the scoreboard .
Hertza region Hertza region ( ; , " Kraj Herca " ) is a border region within an administrative district ( raion ) of Hertsa ( Herţa ) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine , near Romania . The population in 2001 was about 32 , 300 people , 93 % of whom are ethnic Romanians . The territory was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 , following the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact , and was attached to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . It was recaptured by Romania during 1941 – 1944 in the course of the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in World War II , and became part of the Dorohoi County of Bukovina Governorate until the Red Army captured it again in 1944 . Soviet annexation of this territory was internationally recognized by the Paris Peace Treaties in 1947 . Romania and Ukraine have signed and ratified a border agreement and are signatories of international treaties and alliances that denounce any territorial claims . Romanian organisations in the region consider Hertza to be historically Romanian , detached from it by the Soviet Union in 1940 in violation of international law . The correspondent of " New Region " Sergei Vulpe with reference to the Bucharest newspaper Ziua reported on April 17 , 2008 that the President of Romania , Traian Băsescu , stated that Ukraine should return Moldova the southern Bessarabia ( Budjak ) and the northern Bukovina ( Chernivtsi Oblast that includes the Hertza region ) if it wants to annex Transnistria .
Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II The Italian bombing of the Mandatory Palestine in World War II was part of an effort by the Italian Royal Air Force ( " Regia Aeronautica " ) to strike at the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations wherever possible in the Middle East . Background . On 10 June 1940 , the Kingdom of Italy declared war on the French Republic and the United Kingdom . The Italian invasion of France was short - lived and the French signed an armistice with the Italians on 25 June , three days after France ' s armistice with Germany . This left the British and the forces of the Commonwealth of Nations for the Italians to contend with in the Middle East . Bombing campaign . Starting in July 1940 , the Italian bombings in the British Mandate of Palestine were primarily centered on Tel Aviv and Haifa . However , many other coastal towns such as Acre and Jaffa also suffered . In June 1941 there was a last Italian bombing on the territories of the British Mandate of Palestine , which hit Haifa and Tel Aviv but with few damages and casualties . Bombing of Haifa . Haifa was hit many times by the Italians , because of the port and refinery , starting in June 1940 . The 29 July 1940 issue of " Time Magazine " reported a bombing at Haifa by SM82 bombers during the previous week , with a dozen casualties . According to " Time Magazine " , the Italians claimed a huge success which the British did not deny . Where the British oil pipeline from Mosul reaches tidewater , " Ten big Italian bombers , flying at great altitude from the Dodecanese Islands , giving the British bases at Cyprus a wide berth , dumped 50 bombs on the Haifa oil terminal and refinery . " The bombing started fires which burned for many days afterward , and the refinery ' s production was blocked for nearly one month . British fighters from a base on Mt . Carmel were too late to overtake the Italians returning to their base in Italian Dodecanese . Bombing of Tel Aviv . On 9 September 1940 , a bombing raid on Tel Aviv caused 137 deaths . There was even another small raid on Tel Aviv in June 1941 , done by the Italians together with some aircraft of the German Luftwaffe . Historian Alberto Rosselli pinpointed that the bombing of Tel Aviv that caused 137 death was due to the fact that the Italian bombers were on their way to the strategic port and refineries of Haifa , but were intercepted by British aircraft . Forced to go back , the Italians received orders to drop their bombs on the port of Tel Aviv , but in attempting to avoid the attacking British planes they dropped the bombs by mistake on a civilian area near the port .
Christopher Freemeyer Private Christopher Freemeyer ( 1838 – October 14 , 1894 ) was a German - born soldier in the U . S . Army who served with the 5th U . S . Infantry during the Indian Wars . He was one of thirty - one men who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during General Nelson A . Miles campaign against the Sioux Indians in the Montana Territory from October 1876 to January 1877 . Biography . Christopher Freemeyer was born in Bavaria , Germany in 1838 . Emigrating to the United States , he enlisted in the U . S . Army in New York City , New York and joined Company D of the 5th U . S . Infantry . Freemeyer was assigned to frontier duty in the Montana Territory and took part in General Nelson A . Miles " winter campaign " against the Sioux lasting from October 21 , 1876 to January 8 , 1877 . He distinguished himself in several engagements with the Sioux during this period , most notably , at the Battle of Cedar Creek . On April 27 , 1877 , Freemeyer was one of thirty - one soldiers who received the Medal of Honor for " gallantry in actions " . After leaving the army , he returned to New York where he died on October 14 , 1894 , at the age of 56 . Freemeyer was interred at Cypress Hills National Cemetery in Brooklyn . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company D , 5th U . S . Infantry . Place and date : At Cedar Creek , etc . , Mont . , 21 October 1876 to 8 January 1877 . Entered service at : Chicago , Ill . Birth : Germany . Date of issue : 27 April 1877 . Citation : Gallantry in action .
James Fontaine James Fontaine ( 1757 to 1790 ) was an officer who served in American Revolutionary War and the Northwest Indian War . The name is spelled several ways , including " Fountaine " . James Fontaine is believed to have been born in Hanover County , Virginia in 1757 . At an early age he entered on a military career , becoming a member of the first expert rifle company raised in Buckingham District , Virginia , for the defense of the colony in 1775 . Later this company was attached to the 2nd Virginia Regiment , Oct 21 , 1775 . Served until March 1776 , near Williamsburg , Virginia . Fontaine moved to Kentucky , where he served as Major in the Northwest Indian War . In 1790 he served under General Josiah Harmar in a march northward from Cincinnati against the Miami , under the leadership of Little Turtle . Fountaine was killed on October 22 , 1790 at a battle variously known as Harmar ' s Defeat , Battle of the Maumee , Battle of Kekionga , or Battle of the Miami Towns . This occurred near where the St . Joseph River and St . Marys River merge to form the Maumee River , near modern Fort Wayne , Indiana . The Miami called it the " Battle of the Pumpkin Fields " , because , after the battle , the scalped heads of the Americans reminded them of a pumpkin field . Fountain County , Indiana was named in his honor . References . Hulbert , Archer Butler . 1904 . " Military roads of the Mississippi Basin the conquest of the Old Northwest " . Historic highways of America , v . 8 . Cleveland , Ohio : A . H . Clark .
Centrifugal gun A centrifugal gun is a type of projectile accelerator discharging the likes of debris within an area much like a machine gun . Centrifugal guns operate with a revolving disc at fast speeds , replacing gunpowder with the centrifugal force as the energy source for propelling projectiles . A steam - powered centrifugal gun built by a certain Charles Dickinson of Boston was tested during the American Civil War . This gun was popularly , but incorrectly attributed to pro - Southern Maryland millionaire and inventor Ross Winans . Another , hand - cranked centrifugal gun was designed by Robert McCarty during the same period . It fired musket balls . Despite repeated tests , including one in the presence of Abraham Lincoln , McCarty ' s gun never saw service . Dahlgren however took the idea seriously , and after testing McCarty ' s prototype , he built a steam - powered 12 pounder which could fire 15 rounds in 16 seconds and had a range of a mile . It was extremely inaccurate however . As historian Robert V . Bruce notes : " the sole casualty of centrifugal gunfire during the Civil War seems to have been one ill - starred Army mule " . The idea was even tested during World War I by the US Bureau of Standards , using a prototype built by lawyer Edward T . Moore , and advertised as a silent machine gun . The prototype used a powerful electric motor to spin the gun ' s grooved rotor . It was abandoned due to extremely poor accuracy . Moore was granted USPTO patent number 1332992 . Another design can be found in USPTO patent number 1311492 , granted in July 1919 . Another effort during WWI was to build a centrifugal gun powered by an aircraft ' s engine . This design was advanced by E . L . Rice and taken seriously by Robert Andrews Millikan and the National Research Council ; the project ultimately proved " beyond resolution " . In 2005 , a new centrifugal weapon called DREAD , invented by Charles St George , was discused in " NewScientist " and in " Annals of Improbable Research " . DREAD , patented in 2003 , claims to launch projectiles with the speed of a handgun , at about 300 m / s .
Sir William Gladstone , 7th Baronet Sir Erskine " William " Gladstone of Fasque and Balfour , 7th Baronet , ( born 29 October 1925 ) is a Knight of the Garter , and was formerly an officer of the Royal Navy . Gladstone is the son of Sir Charles Gladstone , 6th Baronet , and a great - grandson of the former Prime Minister , William Ewart Gladstone . He was educated at Eton , and joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in 1943 and saw action in World War II . Upon leaving the navy ( with the rank of lieutenant ) , he received an Honours Degree in History at Christ Church , Oxford . He then entered the teaching profession , with positions at Shrewsbury and Eton , and he became Head Master of Lancing in 1961 . He retired from the teaching profession in 1969 . At the death of his father in 1968 , he became the 7th Gladstone Baronet . He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1999 . Gladstone became a Scout whilst a student at Eton . He encouraged the school Scout Group whilst Head Master at Lancing . He became Chief Scout of the United Kingdom in 1972 , a position he held until 1982 . During his tenure he took special interest in the development of Scouting in deprived areas , particularly the inner cities and new housing estates . In 1979 he was elected Chairman of the World Scout Committee .
The First Day on the Somme The First Day on the Somme ( ISBN 0 - 14 - 139071 - 9 ) is a First World War military history book by Martin Middlebrook , first published in 1971 and still in print , which is regarded as a seminal work in the field of WWI scholarship reflecting England ' s perspective in the conflict . Its text covers in detail the events leading up to and during 1 July 1916 , the first day of the Battle of the Somme , concentrating almost exclusively on the British Army ' s experiences and focussing only in relief on French Army ' s contribution , especially south of the Somme River . Early chapters deal with the formation of Kitchener ' s Army ( New Army ) , which comprised a substantial part of the British Army ' s order of battle for the day , and the origins and planning of the Somme offensive . The coverage of the fighting is divided by time of day , starting with the hours leading up to " zero " , followed by " zero hour " , the morning , afternoon and night , with review chapters between each to sum up the fighting . The book concludes with the aftermath of the first day and a calculation of the cost of the fighting . The British casualty figures compiled by Middlebrook are often quoted as the definitive tally for 1 July . Throughout the book Middlebrook uses quotations from soldiers involved in the fighting on the day , following ten men ' s stories . These men presenting a cross - section of the British Army of 1916 — Regular Army , New Army and Territorial Force — with ranks from private s up to battalion commander ( lieutenant colonel ) . External links . book
Lodeynoye Pole ( air base ) Lodeynoye Pole ( also Lodynoye Pole ) is a small air base in Leningrad Oblast , Russia located 2 km south of Lodeynoye Pole . It was home of 177 IAP ( 177th Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) which flew MiG - 23 aircraft , upgrading to Su - 27 around 1990 .
George Ormsby - Gore , 3rd Baron Harlech George Ralph Charles Ormsby - Gore , 3rd Baron Harlech , KCB TD ( 21 January 1855 – 8 May 1938 ) , was a British soldier and Conservative Member of Parliament . Harlech was the son of William Richard Ormsby - Gore , 2nd Baron Harlech , and Lady Emily Charlotte Seymour , and was educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . He served in the regular army as a Lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards from 1875 to 1883 . He later served in the Shropshire Yeomanry , becoming its commanding officer as Lieutenant - Colonel from 1902 to 1907 , and was Honorary Colonel from 1908 . He commanded the Welsh Guards at home during the First World War in 1915 . He was Chairman of the Salop Territorial Army Association . He was elected to the House of Commons for Oswestry in a by - election in May 1901 , a seat he held until 1904 when he succeeded his father as third Baron Harlech and entered the House of Lords . He was a Justice of the Peace for both County Leitrim and Shropshire and High Sheriff of Leitrim for 1885 . Lord Harlech also served as Lord Lieutenant of Leitrim from 1904 to 1922 and as Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire from 1927 to 1938 , as well as Constable of Harlech Castle from 1927 until his death . He was a Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem , awarded the Territorial Decoration in 1910 and made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath . From 1926 to 1938 he served as Provincial Grand Master of Freemasonry in Shropshire and was a member of the Lodge of St . Oswald ( No . 1124 ) , which is now also known as the Harlech Lodge of Perfection . Lord Harlech married Lady Margaret Ethel Gordon , daughter of Charles Gordon , 10th Marquess of Huntly , in 1881 . He died in May 1938 , aged 83 , and was succeeded in the barony by his son William . Lady Harlech died in 1950 . The couple are buried in the parish churchyard of Selattyn near Oswestry . Their southern English home was Tetworth Hall at Ascot in Berkshire .
Punita Arora Lieutenant General Punita Arora is the first woman in India to don the second highest rank i . e . Lieutant General of Indian Armed Forces . and the first Vice admiral of Indian Navy . Early life . She was born into a Punjabi family which hails from Lahore . When she was 12 years old , her family moved to India during partition and got settled in Saharanpur , Uttarpradesh . Education . She studied in Sophia School in Saharanpur till 8th grade . After that she moved to Guru Nanak Girls Inter - College . In 11th Standard while getting admitted to Government school for boys she decided to take science as a career . She joined Armed Forces Medical College , Pune in 1963 which was the second batch of the AFMC and she turned out to be the topper of that batch . Career . Punita was commissioned in January 1968 . Before becoming Vice Admiral of Indian Navy she was Commandant of AFMC . She took the charge of commandant of Armed Forces Medical College in 2004 thereafter becoming the first woman officer to command the medical college . Before that She was co - ordinating Medical Research of the armed forces at the Army headquarters as additional director - general of Armed Forces Medical Services ( Medical Research ) . She moved from the Army to the Navy as the AFMS has a common pool which allows officers to migrate from one service to another depending on the requirement . Awards and Medals . She has been awarded with 15 medals in her 36 years of career in Indian Armed Forces . Param Vishisht Seva Medal in 2006
Balloch Castle , West Dunbartonshire Balloch Castle is a building situated on the southern tip of Loch Lomond in the Balloch Country Park , in West Dunbartonshire , Scotland . The castle was built as a residence in 1808 by the architect Robert Lugar at the order of John Buchanan of Ardoch , a partner in the Glasgow Ship Bank . This listed building is an early example of the Scottish baronial style popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The building ' s turrets and lancet window s are purely decorative . The new castle used stone from an earlier castle built near the current site by the Earl of Lennox in 1238 and occupied by the Lennox family until approximately 1390 . Situated nearer the water than the present day castle , the earlier structure was abandoned in favour of stronghold on the island of Inchmurrin that was considered to be more secure against both the spread of disease and attack by hostile forces . All that remains of the original structure is a mound that once formed the moat . This site is given statutory protection under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 . The current castle grounds feature a walled garden with trees and shrubs , including the rhododendrons and azaleas that reach full bloom in late May and early June . The Countryside Ranger Service is based at the current castle . The ground floor has a visitors centre with facilities including a gift shop , car park , toilets , and tea room .
James Mann ( Louisiana ) James Mann ( June 22 , 1822 , Gorham , Maine – August 26 , 1868 , New Orleans , Louisiana ) was an American politician . He served in the Maine legislature and was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana ' s 2nd congressional district but died just five weeks into his term . Mann was a member of the Maine House of Representatives ( 1849 – 50 ) and Maine Senate ( 1851 – 53 ) . He was a major in the Union Army during the American Civil War , serving as a paymaster . After the war , he remained in New Orleans as a Treasury agent . He was elected as part of Louisiana ' s next congressional delegation after the state was readmitted to representation ; he took his seat on July 18 , 1868 , and died on August 26 , 1868 . See also John Willis Menard .