naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Wachlarz Wachlarz ( , " folding fan " ) was a Polish World War II resistance organization formed by the Armia Krajowa for sabotage duties behind the German Eastern Front , outside of the Polish borders . Its commanders were Lt . Col . Jan Włodarkiewicz ( until 1942 ) and Lt . Col . Adam Remigiusz Grocholski Originally formed in 1941 , shortly after the outbreak of the Nazi - Soviet war , the organization was subordinate to Związek Walki Zbrojnej and bore the cryptnonym " 18 " , later changed to " 27 " . The final name , Wachlarz , was a result of the subdivision of the organization onto several branches , each trying to spread its influence from certain portions of the Polish border deep into the Soviet territory . There were five different sectors of Wachlarz , each acting independently and formed along several main supply lines of the German war machine : The main aim of the organization was to prepare reconnaissance , intelligence , sabotage and diversion between the Eastern Front and the pre - war Polish borders , from the Baltic Sea to southern Ukraine . By cutting the supply lines and disruptung troop movement , the organization was to be prepared to cut the German lines during the planned all - national uprising . The aim was to separate the German army from its supply depots and allow for the Polish underground forces to liberate Poland while the Germans in the USSR are crushed both from the east and the west . Initially the unit was formed of officers of the Tajna Armia Polska organization , incorporated into the ZWZ in 1941 . After its formation , the Armia Krajowa took the command over Wachlarz . Although at its height the organization had roughly 1000 highly - trained members , most of whom were trained in commando warfare as the Cichociemni and after 1942 it carried over more than 100 major acts of sabotage , including the destruction of over 30 major supply depots , its effectiveness was seriously hindered by both the Gestapo and the Soviet partisans . The most notable success was cutting all railway lines leading to and from Minsk in May 1942 and a similar action in Brześć in August of the same year . Between December 1942 and February of the following year a large part of the 4th sector was arrested by the Gestapo . They were liberated from the Pińsk prison by a successful action by Jan Piwnik . Before March 1943 all units of Wachlarz were incorporated into the KeDyw organization .
Fleet Finch The Fleet Finch ( Fleet Model 16 ) is a two - seat , tandem training biplane produced by Fleet Aircraft of Fort Erie , Ontario . There were a number of variants mainly based on engine variations . Over several years beginning in 1939 , a total of 447 Finches were built , nearly all ( 431 ) of them for use as elementary trainers in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( BCATP ) during the Second World War . Design and development . The Fleet 16B Finch II was a progressive development of the original Consolidated Fleet primary trainer ( Fleet 10 ) , manufacture of which commenced in Canada by Fleet Aircraft in 1930 . After a Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) evaluation in 1938 recommended a number of changes , a total of 431 Finch trainers were built for the RCAF between 1939 and 1941 . The aircraft had conventional construction for the period with a welded steel - tube fuselage and composite metal , wood and fabric design features . The RCAF acquired the aircraft type as an elementary trainer . The Fleet 16 first entered RCAF service with tandem open cockpits , but the severity of the Canadian winter necessitated the introduction of a sliding canopy at an early stage in the trainer ' s service career . Operational history . The Finch was a mainstay of the RCAF prior to and during the early part of the Second World War , flying at the Elementary Flying Training Schools ( EFTS ) in parallel with the better known de Havilland Tiger Moth , also produced in Canada . The earlier Fleet Model 7 ( Fleet Fawn ) was also in use for primary training . During 1940 , initial production problems were solved and timely deliveries were made to the RCAF , allowing the first training programs to start up . In the following year , the Portuguese Navy purchased ten Model 16Ds ( ordered as 10Bs but changed to the higher powered variant ) and later a further five 16Ds were delivered in 1942 . A total of 606 Fleet Finches were produced as Model 16s , the majority for the RCAF . They were used as initial trainers in the BCATP at no fewer than 12 Elementary Flight Training Schools across Canada . Both the Fleet Finch and Tiger Moth were later replaced by the Fairchild PT - 26 Cornell . The Finch was progressively phased out of service from October 1944 with the last of the Model 16s struck off strength from the RCAF inventory in 1947 . Survivors . Several examples of the Finch exist as airworthy aircraft in North America , flown as private aircraft . A restored Fleet 16B Finch has flown at Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome since at least 1970 , with at least three different color schemes in its four decade long flying career in Old Rhinebeck ' s weekend airshows .
SS Armonia ( 1924 ) SS " Armonia " was a 2 , 740 GRT cargo ship built in 1924 and scrapped in 1960 . In her 26 - year career she had eight successive owners , managers and names . " Armonia " was her sixth name , and the one that she bore when a CIA aircraft attacked and damaged her in an air raid in Indonesia in 1958 . Owners , managers and names . The ship was launched by Blyth Shipbuilding & Drydock Co Ltd as Tullochmoor at Blyth , Northumberland and completed in October 1924 . She was owned by Moor Line and managed by Walter Runciman and Company . In 1936 she was sold to Franz L Nimitz of Stettin , Germany , who renamed her Brigitte . In May 1945 she was at Hamburg where she was seized as an Allied war prize . The UK Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) took her over , named her Empire Soar and placed her under the management of Sir Robert Ropner & Co . In 1946 she was sold to the Greek government , which renamed her Preveza . In 1948 she was sold to Synodinos Brothers of Greece who renamed her Danapris . In 1957 she was sold to A . Angelicoussis & Co of Greece who renamed her " Armonia " . In 1959 she was sold to Keanyew Shipping Co who renamed her Keanyew and registered her in Panama . In 1960 she was sold to Southern Commercial Co who renamed her Charlie . Later in 1960 she was scrapped in Hong Kong . Bombed by the CIA in 1958 . At the end of April or beginning of May 1958 " Armonia " was in Amboina Harbour in Indonesia . On 28 April a Douglas B - 26 Invader bomber aircraft , operated by the CIA and painted black and with no markings , bombed her . In the same attack , the same aircraft hit and sank the merchant ships and . One source asserts that all three ships were off the port of Donggala near Palu in Central Sulawesi ( at least west of Ambon ) when they were hit . This now appears doubtful , as " Aquila " s wreck seems to have been identified in Ambon Bay . There is also some discrepancy over the date of the attack : one source states that the three ships were bombed on 28 April ; another states that " Armonia " was attacked on 1 or 2 May .
Wilhelm Wegener Wilhelm Wegener ( 29 April 1895 – 24 September 1944 ) was a German general of infantry , serving during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was on his way to his headquarters when he was killed in action by Soviet ground attack aircraft on 24 September 1944 .
TSS Maunganui The TSS " Maunganui ( later S / S " Cyrenia ) was a passenger vessel built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company , Govan for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and launched on 24 August 1911 . Career . Launched in 1911 to carry the Royal Mail and served on the San Francisco and Sydney runs . She was employed as a troopship during World War I and World War II . She was sold to Cia Naviera del Atlantica , Piraeus in 1948 and renamed " Cyrenia " . She was sold in 1949 to Hellenic Mediterranean Lines and undertook service from Genoa and Piraeus to Melbourne and Sydney , carrying Greek and Italian emigrants . Fate . She was broken up in 1957 at Savona , Italy . Cultural Legacy . In Greece the S / S " Cyrenia " is prominent due to Nikos Kavvadias ' poem " Οι 7 νάνοι στο S / S Cyrenia " ( " Seven dwarves at S / S Cyrenia " ) and Thanos Mikroutsikos ' song on its lyrics .
525th Bombardment Squadron The 525th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 4136th Strategic Wing . It was last stationed at Minot Air Force Base , North Dakota , and was inactivated on 1 February 1963 . History . Established in late 1942 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in May 1943 , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England . Engaged in long range strategic bombing attacks on enemy targets over occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , such as industries , oil refineries , storage plants , submarine pens , airfields and communications centers in Germany , France , the Netherlands , Belgium , Norway and Poland . During the Battle of Northern France , the squadron bombed enemy positions to assist ground troops at St Lo during the breakthrough , 24 – 25 July 1944 , attacked German communications and fortifications during the Battle of the Bulge , December 1944 - January 1945 , and bombed bridges and viaducts in France and Germany to aid the Allied assault across the Rhine , and the Western Allied invasion of Germany , February – April 1945 . After the German Capitulation , was reassigned to Air Transport Command in June 1945 as part of Operation Green . Used B - 17s as transports , flying demobilized personnel to from airfields in France , Germany and Italy to ATC sites in Morocco and Azores . Aircraft turrets were removed and re - skinned , the bomb racks removed , flooring and seating installed to accommodate 30 passengers . The flight crew was reduced to pilot , co - pilot , navigator , flight engineer and radio operator . In addition the engineer and radio operator would act as stewards , to assist and calm the many first time fliers . Inactivated in July 1945 . Was reactivated in 1955 as a Strategic Air Command B - 47 Stratojet squadron at Homestead AFB , Florida . Trained in air refueling and strategic bombardment operations with the B - 47 . in October 1960 , the squadron began transferring its B - 47s to other SAC wings and became non - operational . In 1961 was reassigned to SAC provisional 4136th Strategic Wing , being re - equipped with B - 52H Stratofortress intercontinental heavy bombers . Was reassigned to Minot AFB , North Dakota by SAC to disperse its heavy bomber force . Conducted worldwide strategic bombardment training missions and providing nuclear deterrent . Was inactivated in 1963 when SAC inactivated its provisional Strategic Wings , redesignating them permanent Air Force Wings . Squadron was inactivated with aircraft / personnel / equipment being redesignated 720th Bombardment Squadron in an in - place , name - only transfer .
Yamashio Maru - class escort carrier The " Yamashio Maru " - class ( ) consisted of a pair of auxiliary escort carrier s operated by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . They were converted from tankers . Only the name ship was completed during the war and she was sunk by American aircraft before she could be used . Construction . In 1944 , the Japanese Army , which had already converted two passenger liners into combined assault ship and aircraft carriers , when it decided to acquire its own escort carriers to provide air cover for troop convoys . It therefore chartered two partly built Type 2TL Tankers , " Yamashio Maru " and " Chigusa Maru " , for conversion to auxiliary escort carriers . The conversion was extremely simple , with a - long flush flight deck added . There was no hangar , the ship ' s eight Ki - 76s being stored on deck . Defensive armament consisted of sixteen 25 mm anti - aircraft gun s , with a depth charge projector forward . Operational history . " Yamashio Maru " commissioned on 27 January 1945 , was sunk at Yokohama harbor by US aircraft on 17 February 1945 . Plans were drawn up for conversion to a coal - burning freighter , but she was never used as a carrier . Her sister ships , " Chigusa Maru " and " Zuiun Maru " , were incomplete when Japan surrendered and served after the war as tankers . See also . Imperial Japanese Army Railways and Shipping Section
Sassanid conquest of Egypt Between 618 and 621 AD , the Sassanid Persian army defeated the East Roman ( Byzantine ) forces in Egypt and occupied the province . The fall of Alexandria , the capital of Roman Egypt , marked the first and most important stage in the Sassanid campaign to conquer this rich province , which eventually fell completely under Persian rule within a couple of years . Background . The Persian shah , Khosrau II , had taken advantage of the internal turmoil of the East Roman Empire after the overthrow of Emperor Maurice by Phocas to attack the Roman provinces in the East . By 615 , the Persians had driven the Romans out of northern Mesopotamia , Syria and Palestine . Determined to eradicate Roman rule in Asia , Khosrau turned his sight on Egypt , the East Roman Empire ' s granary . Fall of Egypt . The Persian invasion of Egypt began either in 617 or 618 , but little is known about the particulars of this campaign , since the province was practically cut off from the remaining Roman territories . The Persian army headed for Alexandria , where Nicetas , Heraclius ' cousin and local governor , was unable to offer effective resistance . He and the Chalcedonian patriarch , John V , fled the city to Cyprus . According to the " Khuzistan Chronicle " , Alexandria was then betrayed to the Persians by a certain Peter in June 619 . After the fall of Alexandria , the Persians gradually extended their rule southwards along the Nile . Sporadic resistance required some mopping - up operations , but by 621 , the province was securely in Persian hands . Aftermath . Egypt would remain in Persian hands for 10 years , run by general Shahrbaraz from Alexandria . As the new Roman emperor , Heraclius , reversed the tide and defeated Khosrau , Shahrbaraz was ordered to evacuate the province , but refused . In the end , Heraclius , trying both to recover Egypt and to sow disunion amongst the Persians , offered to help Shahrbaraz seize the Persian throne for himself . An agreement was reached , and in the summer of 629 , the Persian troops began leaving Egypt .
Stanley Frederick Utz Stanley Frederick Utz ( 17 May 1898 - 6 May 1974 ) was an Australian businessman and official of the Australian Liberal Party . Hailing from Sydney with German ancestry , Utz served in the Australian Imperial Force for the closing months of the First World War before discharging in 1919 to follow in his father ' s footsteps in the milling industry . He became manager of MacRae Knitting Mills Ltd prior to becoming a stockbroker in 1927 . Married in 1935 to Janet Cuthbertson Saxton , Utz then began to diversify into tin mining in Malaya and Thailand as well as becoming managing director of several businesses and helping found International Pacific Corporation Ltd . He was widowed in 1952 , and became treasurer to the Australian Liberal Party in 1956 . He served the party until 1962 , raising substantial funds . An avid golfer , cricketer and horse racing enthusiast , he was an active benefactor to these causes and to that of cancer research , to which he left his $ 725 , 706 estate .
USS Lady Prevost ( 1812 ) USS " Lady Prevost " was a schooner captured from the British during the War of 1812 and pressed into use in the United States Navy . Built in 1810 as the " Lady Prevost " at Canadian Provisional Marine in Amherstburg , Ontario , Canada , she was a 13 - gun ship named for the wife of General Sir George Prevost , Commander - in - Chief of the British armies along the Canadian - New York border in the War of 1812 . She operated out of Navy Island Royal Naval Shipyard . British service . The British schooner served as a training ship for Canadian seamen on Lake Erie through 1812 , in preparation for a campaign to gain control of the Great Lakes and a subsequent invasion of the United States . Under command of Lieutenant James Buchan , RN , she was one of Captain James Barclay ’ s squadron which engaged the American squadron under Captain Oliver Hazard Perry off Put - in - Bay in the Battle of Lake Erie on 11 September 1813 . In a gun duel first with schooners , , , and sloop , and then , as the tide of battle turned , with Perry ’ s flagship , " Lady Prevost " suffered damage to her masts and superstructure and , with the rest of her squadron , surrendered . American service . Taken prize at the surrender , the schooner was repaired and joined the American squadron on Lake Erie as USS " Lady Prevost " . In company with " Niagara " , , and " Trippe " under command of Captain Jesse D . Elliott , she sailed into Lake Sinclair on 29 September to cut the supply lines of the British Army attempting to invade western New York . For the remainder of the War of 1812 , the squadron operated on Lakes Erie and Huron , cooperating with the Army commanded by General William Henry Harrison . " Lady Prevost " was primarily engaged in supporting American troops fighting the British and their Indian allies in the northwest . Disposition . Following the end of the war in 1815 , " Lady Prevost " was burned and sunk by the Americans at Erie , Pennsylvania , but was raised later that year and converted into a merchantman . She was sold at public auction late in 1815 .
Chantiers Aéro - Maritimes de la Seine Chantiers Aéro - Maritimes de la Seine , most usually known as CAMS was a French manufacturer of flying boat s , founded in Saint - Ouen in November 1920 by Lawrence Santoni . Initially , the company built Società Idrovolanti Alta Italia ( SIAI ) designs under licence , but in 1922 it lured Raffaele Conflenti away from SIAI to become head designer , after which it generated its own aircraft designs . CAMS ' most noteworthy products were flying boat designs that saw widespread long - term use in the French Navy . CAMS was purchased and absorbed by the French aircraft manufacturing firm Potez in 1933 .
Fort Clinch State Park The Fort Clinch State Park is a Florida State Park , located on a peninsula near the northernmost point of Amelia Island , along the Amelia River . Its include the 19th century Fort Clinch , sand dunes , plains , maritime hammock and estuarine tidal marsh . The park / fort lies to the northeast of Fernandina Beach at the entrance to the Cumberland Sound . Fort Clinch . Fort Clinch is a 19th century brick fortress begun in 1847 after the end of the Second Seminole War . It was named in honor of General Duncan Lamont Clinch , important figure in the First and Second Seminole Wars . The only battle to occur at Clinch was when Union troops recaptured the fort in 1862 after Confederate forces seized control the previous year . Fort Clinch served as the base of Union operations in the area throughout the Civil War . In 1935 , the State of Florida bought 256 acres ( 1 . 0 km² ) that included the then - abandoned fort and the surrounding area . Fort Clinch State Park including the fort , opened to the public in 1938 . Recreational activities . In addition to exploring Fort Clinch , activities include pier fishing , sunbathing , hiking , surfcasting , camping , birding , and shelling . Visitors can also enjoy picnicking , swimming , bicycling , beachcombing , and wildlife viewing . Park personnel reenact military life at the fort . Among the wildlife of the park are the rare Purple Sandpiper , alligator s , white - tailed deer , and other birds . Visitors can also see dolphins and manatee s . Amenities include a visitor information center , 1 / 2 mile pier with cold showers as well as restroom / changing rooms , several miles of beach , of paved road , and a six - mile ( 10 km ) hiking trail . The park has two campgrounds , one on the Amelia River , the other on the Atlantic Beach . The Amelia River campground has two hot - water restroom / shower facilities for 41 campsites in an oak hammock . The Atlantic Beach campground has one hot - water restroom / shower facility for 21 sites with a ramped boardwalk . The park also offers primitive camping and youth camping . The park is a ' gateway site ' for the Great Florida Birding Trail . Military re - enactments . On the first weekend of each month , costumed interpreters perform living history re - enactments of a Civil War soldiers life in 1864 at Fort Clinch . Activities include military drill s , and working in the fort ' s laundry , infirmary , kitchen , barracks , quartermaster , United States Sanitary Commission and carpenter shop . The fort holds other encampments during the year . Hours . The park is open from 8 : 00 am till sundown year round
USS Hué City ( CG - 66 ) USS " Hué City " ( CG - 66 ) is a Ticonderoga class guided - missile cruiser serving in the United States Navy . She is named for the Battle of Hue , fought in the city during the Tet Offensive 1968 by the 1st Marine Regiment ( composed of 1st Battalion / 1st Marines , 1st Battalion / 5th Marines , 2nd Battalion / 5th Marines and attached units ) during the Vietnam War . The three battalion commanders were the honored guests at her 1991 commissioning . Annually the ship hosts a Battle of Hue Memorial Service attended by ship ' s company and veterans of the battle from the Marines , Navy corpsmen , and attached units . " Hué City " is the only U . S . Navy ship named for a Vietnam War battle , although it had been planned to name LHA - 5 as USS " Khe Sanh " after the Battle of Khe Sanh , but that ship was commissioned in 1976 as the USS " Peleliu " . The warship took part in the Sixth International Naval Review in New York City in July 2000 , attended by President Bill Clinton . In March 2003 " Hue City " was assigned to Naval Surface Group Two .
Stanley Cockerell Captain Stanley Cockerell AFC ( 9 February 1895 – 29 November 1940 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . World War I aerial success . Cockerell was granted his Royal Aero Club Pilot ' s Certificate No . 3271 on 21 July 1916 . He was originally a sergeant with 24 Squadron . He used an Airco DH . 2 on 14 September 1916 to share a victory with Arthur Gerald Knight , when they set a Fokker D . II aflame . He scored again on 30 September , again setting his enemy afire . Cockerell was wounded on 10 October . By the time he recovered and rejoined the squadron , he was commissioned . He then took a break until 4 February 1917 , when he shared in the fiery destruction of a reconnaissance plane . Two days later , he was the sole arsonist of another recce plane . On 2 April 1917 , he burned an Albatros D . III for his fifth victory . He upgraded to an Airco DH . 5 on 25 May for his sixth kill , when he burned another Albatros D . III . Cockerell was then withdrawn to England to serve in Home Defence squadrons . He returned to France in July 1918 with 151 Squadron . On 4 August , while flying a Sopwith Camel in the squadron ' s night intruder role , he bombed the German aerodrome at Guizancourt . A Gotha bomber subsequently attempted a recovery at the field , and Cockerell bushwhacked it for his seventh consecutive flaming victory . Post World War I . Cockerell and his six year old daughter were killed in the German bombing of Sunbury on Thames on 29 November 1940 . His six surviving children were thus orphaned .