naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Boeing C - 137 Stratoliner The Boeing C - 137 Stratoliner was a VIP transport aircraft derived from the Boeing 707 jet airliner used by the United States Air Force . Other nations also bought both new and used 707s for military service , primarily as VIP or tanker transports . In addition , the 707 served as the basis for several specialized versions , such as the E - 3 Sentry AWACS aircraft . The designation C - 18 covers several later variants based on the 707 - 320B / C series . Development . USAF procurement of the Boeing 707 was very limited , amounting to three Model 707 - 153s designated VC - 137A . When delivered in 1959 these had four 13 , 500 lb ( 6123 kg ) dry thrust Pratt & Whitney J57 ( JT3C6 ) turbojets ; when subsequently re - engined with 18 , 000 lbf ( 80 . 1 kN ) dry thrust TF33 - P - 5 ( JT3D ) turbofans they were redesignated VC - 137B . Only one other variant served with the USAF : this was the VC - 137C " Air Force One " Presidential transport , the two examples of which were Model 707 - 320B Intercontinentals with specialized interior furnishings and advanced communications equipment . Two further non - presidential C - 137C aircraft were later added . To supplement its VC - 137s , the USAF converted several C - 135 airframes to VC - 135 VIP standard , and these were used for staff transport mainly within the United States . Variants . C - 18 . The C - 18 is the US military designation for the conversions of the 707 - 320B series . C - 137 Stratoliner . The USAF purchased a number of 707s under the C - 137 series of designations : Aircraft on display . The following aircraft are on public display :
Herbert James Major Herbert James ( 30 November 1888 – 15 August 1958 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . James was 26 years old and a second lieutenant in the 4th Battalion , The Worcestershire Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 28 June 1915 in the southern zone of Gallipoli , when the advance of part of the regiment had been checked , Second - Lieutenant James , from a neighbouring unit , gathered together a body of men and led them forward under heavy fire . He then returned , organised a second party and again advanced , putting fresh life into the attack . On 3 July he headed a party of bomb throwers up a Turkish communication trench and when all his party had been killed or wounded , he remained alone , under murderous fire and kept back the enemy until a barrier had been built behind him and the trench secured . He later achieved the rank of major . His medals are on display at the Maryborough Military and Colonial Museum in Maryborough , Queensland , Australia .
Siege of Glatz The Siege of Glatz took place in 1760 during the Seven Years ' War when an Austrian force led by General von Laudon laid siege to and successfully stormed the fortress of Glatz ( Kladsko ) from its Prussian garrison . On 6 June Loudon surrounded Glatz , but he had to wait until heavy artillery was brought from Olmütz ( Olomouc ) in neighbouring Moravia . While waiting , Loudon received information about the approach of a Prussian force under Fouqué . With his much larger force Loudon moved to intercept the smaller force , forcing Fouqué to surrender at the Battle of Landeshut on 23 June . Loudon then returned his attentions to the siege of Glatz . The arrival of his heavy artillery had allowed the siege to properly begin on 20 July and a trench had been dug . Once the guns had weakened the defences Loudon was able to organise volunteers to storm the city , opening the gates and allowing the remainder of the Austrian army to enter . Aftermath . Following a series of extensive manoeuvres and several heavy battles the during 1760 Glatz ultimately remained the only territory captured by the Austrian and their allies leaving the situation almost unchanged since a year before . The Prussian commander Colonel Bartholomäus d ' O was taken prisoner by the Austrians . Following his release at the end of the war he was tried and executed by Frederick the Great as a punishment for losing Glatz .
1792 contract rifle The 1792 contract rifle is not a specific model of gun , rather it is a modern way to categorize a collection of rifles bought by the United States government in that year . United States 1792 contract rifles are Pennsylvania - Kentucky Rifle s with a 42 - inch octagon barrel in . 49 caliber , with a patchbox built into the buttstock . What distinguishes them from civilian rifles is that they were bought by the government under military contract . History . Before the United States military used standardized weapons with interchangeable parts , it bought rifles that are difficult to distinguish from their civilian equivalent . The process was similar to today , in which the government requests weaponry of certain specifications and then finds a manufacturer to build them . In 1792 there was a need for rifles , and a contract was drawn - up with Lancaster , Pennsylvania gunsmiths to deliver rifles . In January 1792 , Henry Knox , the Secretary of War for the period , authorized former General Edward Hand to contract with manufacturers for the rifles . The rifles were to be delivered in units of 100 as quickly as possible . He told General Hand that the contract was for 500 rifles , but that he was willing to extend it to 1 , 000 . The 1792 contract specified rifles with a 44 1 / 2 inch barrel in . 47 caliber . That was modified to a 42 - inch barrel in . 49 caliber , with a well - seasoned maple stock and a flintlock with a fly . Eleven different gunsmiths took the contract on , delivering 1 , 476 rifles between April 1792 and December 1792 . A second contract for the same weapon took place in 1794 . Seventeen gunsmiths delivered 2 , 000 rifles by November 1794 . These military - or militia - issued rifles were of civilian style , and it has been very difficult for collectors to identify them from this contract . However , the military issued them to regular troops and militias and called them back to the arsenals as needed . Edward Flanagan , who wrote a paper on the 1792 and 1807 contract rifles , stated that he believed that the weapons were marked by the US government , a lesson learned from gun thefts during the Revolutionary War . He pointed to a " US " stamp on the barrel of a weapon known to have been a contract rifle . A second contract rifle has been identified , the 1807 Contract Rifle , which has different specifications than the weapons of 1792 and 1794 . Lewis and Clark . Before their exploratory trip , the Lewis and Clark Expedition obtained rifles from the Harper ' s Ferry Arsenal . The US Army ' s website mentions the procurement of the rifles , saying that there were 300 of the 1792 or 1794 contract rifles at the arsenal at that time . The Army site also refers to modern speculation that the changes Lewis had made to the contract rifles ( adding sling swivels , shortening the barrel further to 33 - 36 inches and reboring them to a larger caliber ) , led to the design of the US Model 1803 , created six months later .
Anton Olsen ( Medal of Honor ) Ordinary Seaman Anton Olsen ( April 26 , 1867 – June 23 , 1924 ) was a United States Navy quartermaster who received the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor recipients . Olsen died on June 23 , 1924 . He is buried in New York City in Cypress Hills National Cemetery , Section 2 , Grave No . 9158 . Citation : On board the during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Olsen displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this period .
USS Pilgrim ( 1864a ) The second USS " Pilgrim " was a United States Navy tug in commission from 1870 to 1871 which may also have seen non - commissioned service in other years . " Pilgrim " was an iron — hulled , steam screw tug built by the Pusey and Jones Shipbuilding Company at Wilmington , Delaware . Launched on 1 November 1864 , she was delivered to the U . S . Navy on 2 March 1865 . Few records of " Pilgrim " s Navy service have been found . She was not ready for service until sometime after the American Civil War ended in April 1865 , but no information about her service exists until she was commissioned at Key West , Florida , on 4 May 1870 . She then operated primarily in the Florida Keys until the spring of 1871 , when she steamed to New Orleans , Louisiana . In July 1871 she proceeded to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where she was decommissioned on 29 July 1871 . " Pilgrim " remained on the Naval Vessel Register until 1889 , but no records have been found describing any service she may have had . It is possible that she saw non - commissioned service during at least part of this time , or that she remained inactive . " Pilgrim " was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 January 1889 and was sold on 25 March 1891 .
USS Clarke County ( LST - 601 ) The USS " Clarke County " ( LST - 601 ) , originally USS " LST - 601 " , was a United States Navy built during World War II and in commission from 1944 to 1955 and again in the late 1960s . Named after Clarke County , Alabama ; Clarke County , Georgia ; Clarke County , Iowa ; Clarke County , Mississippi ; and Clarke County , Virginia , she was the only U . S . Navy vessel to bear the name . Construction and commissioning . USS " LST - 601 " was laid down on 21 October 1943 at Seneca , Illinois , by the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 4 March 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Celia Counter Finch , and commissioned on 25 March 1944 with a Lieutenant Ledbetter in command . First period in commission , 1944 - 1955 . During World War II , " LST - 601 " was assigned to the European Theater of Operations and participated in Operation Dragoon , the invasion of southern France in August and September 1944 . At the close of World War II , LST - 601 remained in active service in Amphibious Force , United States Atlantic Fleet . " LST - 601 " was renamed USS " Clarke County " ( LST - 601 ) on 1 July 1955 . She was decommissioned on 23 November 1955 . Second period in commissiong , late 1960s . " Clarke County " was recommissioned on 28 July 1966 and performed service in the Vietnam War from 1967 to 1970 . In November 1967 she was damaged during operations near Duc Pho , South Vietnam , and required the salvage efforts of fleet tugs USS " Abnaki " ( ATF - 96 ) and USS " Ute " ( ATF - 76 ) and rescue and salvage ship USS " Bolster " ( ARS - 38 ) USS Mars ( AFS - 1 ) . " Clarke County " was refloated on 1 December 1967 . Awards and honors . " LST - 601 " received one battle star for World War II service . " Clarke County " received six campaign star s plus two awards of the Meritorious Unit Commendation for Vietnam War service . Transfer to Indonesia . " Clarke County " was decommissioned and stricken from the Navy List after her Vietnam War service had ended . She was sold to Indonesia for service in the Indonesian Navy as KRI " Teluk Saleh " ( 510 ) .
Friedrich Lier Friedrich Lier ( 22 May 1910 – 20 August 1974 ) was a German officer during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
7th Maryland Regiment The 7th Maryland Regiment was authorized on 16 September 1776 , for service with the Continental Army and was assigned on 27 December 1776 . The regiment was composed of eight companies of volunteers ] ] organized from Frederick and Baltimore ] ] counties of the colony of Maryland . [ [ File : Map of maryland counties Fredrick , Baltimore ( 7th RGT ) . PNG | left | thumb | 180px | Recruitment Areas On 22 May 1777 , it was assigned to the 1st Maryland Brigade . Re - organized on 12 May 1779 to nine companies . The 1st Maryland Brigade was re - assigned to the [ [ Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War | Southern Department on 5 April 1780 . The regiment would see action during the [ [ Battle of Brandywine ] ] , [ [ Battle of Germantown ] ] , [ [ Battle of Monmouth ] ] , [ [ Battle of Camden ] ] and the [ [ Battle of Guilford Court House ] ] . The regiment was disbanded on 1 January 1783 , at Annapolis , Maryland . < br > External links . [ [ Category : Maryland regiments of the Continental Army ] ] [ [ Category : Military units and formations established in 1776 ] ] [ [ Category : Military units and formations disestablished in 1783 ] ] [ [ Category : 1776 establishments in Maryland ] ] [ [ Category : 1783 disestablishments in Maryland ] ]
Aulus Caecina Alienus Aulus Caecina Alienus , Roman general , was born in Vicetia ( modern Vicenza ) . He was " quaestor " of Hispania Baetica ( southern Iberia ) in AD 68 . On the death of Nero , he attached himself to Galba , who appointed him to the command of Legio IV Macedonica at Mogontiacum in Germania Superior ( Upper Germany ) . Having been prosecuted for embezzling public money , Caecina went over to Vitellius , who sent him with a large army into Italy . Caecina crossed the Alps , but was defeated near Cremona by Suetonius Paulinus , the chief general of Otho . Subsequently , in conjunction with Fabius Valens , Caecina defeated Otho at the decisive battle of Bedriacum ( Betriacum ) . The incapacity of Vitellius tempted Vespasian to take up arms against him . Caecina , who had been entrusted with the repression of the revolt , turned traitor , and tried to persuade his army to go over to Vespasian , but was thrown into chains by the soldiers . After the overthrow of Vitellius , he was released , and taken into favor by the new emperor . But he could not remain loyal to anyone . In 79 he was implicated , along with Eprius Marcellus , in a conspiracy against Vespasian , and was put to death by order of Titus . Caecina is described by Tacitus as a man of handsome presence and boundless ambition , a gifted orator and a great favourite with the soldiers . External links .
John Trevor Godfrey John Trevor Godfrey ( 1922 – 1958 ) was an American captain and fighter pilot in the 336th Fighter Squadron , 4th Fighter Group , Eighth Air Force during World War II . He achieved 18 air - to - air kills against the Luftwaffe before he was accidentally shot down by his wingman and captured by the Germans on August 24 , 1944 . Godfrey was friend and wingman to Don Gentile . Originally from Woonsocket , Rhode Island , he died on June 12 , 1958 of Lou Gehrig ' s Disease .
German submarine U - 63 ( 1939 ) German submarine " U - 63 " was a Type IIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " that served in the Second World War . She was built by Deutsche Werke AG , Kiel . Ordered on 21 July 1937 , she was laid down on 2 January 1939 as ' werk ' 262 . She was launched on 6 December 1939 and commissioned on 18 January 1940 under the command of " Oberleutnant " Günther Lorentz . " U - 63 " was initially assigned to the 1st U - boat Flotilla during her training period , until 1 February 1940 . She stayed with that organization until her sinking . Patrol . " U - 63 " left the German island of Helgoland ( also known as ' Heligoland ' ) , on 17 February 1940 . She , along with five other U - boats , took part in Operation " Nordmark " , a reconnaissance mission for the German capital ship s " Scharnhorst " , " Gneisenau " and " Admiral Hipper " ( for what proved to be an unsuccessful sortie ) . It took place in the vicinity of the Orkney and Shetland Islands between 18 and 20 February . The boat sank the " Santos " off Kirkwall , Orkney , on 24 February 1940 . Fate . " U - 63 " was sunk by a mix of depth charge s and torpedo es from the British warships HMS " Escort " , " Inglefield " and " Imogen " and the submarine HMS " Narwhal " south of Shetland . One man died , there were 24 survivors . Those who survived spent the remainder of the war as POWs .
Andreas A . Miaoulis Andreas A . Miaoulis ( ; born 1830 ) was a Greek naval officer , hailing from the historic Hydriot Miaoulis family . He was the son of Antonios Miaoulis and relative of Andreas Miaoulis , the Greek navy ' s chief admiral during the Greek War of Independence . Biography . He was born on the island of Hydra in 1830 . He attended the Navy School and was commissioned as a sublieutenant in 1854 . He was one of the first Greek officers to study hydrography , a largely ignored subject ( considered as " irrelevant " by most ) , for which he was derisively nicknamed " the teacher " . His obsession with the subject , taking regular depth and sea temperature measurements , resulted in his dismissal " for abandoning his position " in the same year . He was placed on the reserve list , from which he was also expelled barely two years later . A decade later , in 1866 , when the importance of hydrography had become apparent , he was recalled to active duty . As captain of the ship " Methoni " , he further enhanced his knowledge on the subject by onberving the measurements made by the British hydrographer Arthur Mansell in the Euripus Strait . Miaoulis was the first Greek hydrographer , and discovered the namesake reef in the Ionian Sea . He published papers concerning the tidal currents in the Euripus Strait , as well as those predicted for the new canal at the Isthmus of Corinth .
United States Army Dental Command The U . S . Army Dental Command , known as DENCOM is a major subordinate command of the U . S . Army Medical Command that provides command and control of the Army ' s fixed - facility dental treatment facilities , preventive care , dental research , development and training institutions , dental treatment to ensure the oral health and readiness of the force , a trained dental force for worldwide deployment , and structures for evolving missions of the Army . Structure . DENCOM headquarters is located at Fort Sam Houston , Texas - also the location of MEDCOM ' s headquarters . DENCOM is divided into Regional Dental Commands and the Army Dental Laboratory that oversee day - to - day operations in military treatment facilities , exercising command and control over the medical treatment facilities in their regions . Generally , these RDC ' s geographically overlap with their corresponding Regional Medical Commands . There are five regional commands : Europe Regional Dental Command , Northern Regional Dental Command , Pacific Regional Dental Command , Southern Regional Dental Command , and Western Regional Dental Command . Mission , Vision , and Values . Mission To provide Soldier - focused dental services in a timely and cost effective manner that supports America ’ s Army . Vision Americas Leader in Warrior Centered Oral Care . Dental Corps ' Values The Dental Corps will support the Army values of Loyalty , Duty , Respect , Selfless Service , Honor , Integrity , and Personal Courage while ensuring the delivery of compassionate , competent patient care . History . While U . S . Army dentistry dates back to 1872 , DENCOM is a relatively recent creation . Provisionally activated on November 1 , 1993 , it established Army dental service delivery under a dental command with worldwide authority over all TDA dental units . Subordinate to the DENCOM were eight Dental Service Support Areas ( DSSA ) . It was these DSSAs that were later reorganized into what are now known as RDCs .
USS Dawson ( APA - 79 ) USS " Dawson " ( APA - 79 ) was a that served with the US Navy during World War II . Commissioned late in the war , she was initially assigned to transport duties and consequently did not participate in combat operations . " Dawson " ( APA - 79 ) was named after counties in Georgia , Montana , Nebraska , and Texas . She was launched 27 November 1944 by Consolidated Steel at Wilmington , California , under a Maritime Commission contract ; transferred to the Navy 3 February 1945 ; and commissioned the next day , Lieutenant Commander R . S . Cass , USNR , in command . Operational history . World War II . Clearing San Francisco 3 April 1945 , " Dawson " carried passengers and cargo to Espiritu Santo , Tulagi , and Nouméa before arriving at Brisbane , Australia , 6 May to reload . On 14 May she got underway for the Philippines and until the end of the war , carried men and equipment of construction battalions from Manus and New Guinea . After hostilities . " Dawson " embarked occupation troops at Pearl Harbor from 18 August to 1 September 1945 , landing them at Sasebo 22 September . Four days later she was en route to transport additional troops to Japan , returning to Sasebo 14 October . Operation Magic Carpet . Assigned to " Magic Carpet " duty carrying veterans eligible for discharge home to the west coast she departed Sasebo 22 October and embarked Army Air Corps personnel at Saipan , arriving at San Francisco 14 November . Operation Crossroads . Following another voyage to the Western Pacific between 30 November 1945 and 16 January 1946 , carried sailors from Guam to San Francisco , arrived San Francisco 30 January 1945 . Then she was assigned as a test target to Operation Crossroads , the atomic weapons tests in the Marshall Islands . Decommission . After Operation Crossroads , " Dawson " was towed to Kwajalein where she was decommissioned 20 September 1946 . She was retained there for radiological study until sunk by gunfire from on 19 April 1948 .
Medal of Military Valor The Medal of Military Valor ( Italian language : " Medaglia al Valore Militare " ) is an Italian medal . During World War I , the medal was awarded to military personnel , units above the level of company , and civilians for exceptional valor in the face of the enemy . For each subsequent act of valor , the recipient was awarded a bar to the medal . There are three level to the medal : Award history . The awards began as the " Order of Military Valor " established by Vittorio Amedeo III in 1793 . Fallen into disuse during the Napoleonic era , it was revived on 1 April 1815 by Vittorio Emanuele I . Emanuele I repealed the institution a few months later , on 4 August 1815 , replacing the medals for bravery with the " Military Order of Savoy " ( now in Italy ) . In 1833 , Charles Albert acknowledged that the requirements for the granting of the Military Order were too severe , and re - established the possibility of awarding medals to the value ( gold and silver ) award to generous acts in war and in peace from the military . Royal Decree # 1423 of 4 November 1932 , defined new rules for the granting of medals and the " Military Cross for Valor " and " Medal of Military Valor " . In the text of the decree , in Articles 1 and 3 are defined areas of basic and primary application for the granting of this particular honors . Thus , Article 1 states : While Article 3 provides that : The full text of Royal Decree referred to was published in the " Gazzetta Ufficiale " 12 November 1932 , # 261 . The proposals , except in exceptional cases provided for in time of war , are screened by a special military commission . The awards are intended for the military ( single or entire military Departments not less than Company , or command ) , former combatants of training guerrilla , the municipalities , the provinces , and individual citizens . Types . Decorations for Valor are divided into the following classes :
22nd Special Operations Squadron The 22nd Special Operations Squadron is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force that operated in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War for two years from 25 Oct 1968 , until 30 September 1970 . The 22nd flew A - 1 Skyraiders and was assigned to the 56th Special Operations Wing at Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base . The primary call sign used by the unit was " Zorro " , for interdiction missions over the Ho Chi Minh Trail , and the squadron was thus nicknamed the " Zorros . " ( The 606th Air Commando Squadron also used the " Zorro " call sign for a period of time prior to the establishment of the 22d for its missions over the Trail flying T - 28 Trojan fighter bombers ) . The 22nd Special Operations Squadron ' s tail letters were " TS " .