naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Doloire The doloire or wagoner ' s axe was a tool and weapon used during the Middle Ages and Renaissance . The axe had a wooden shaft measuring approximately 1 . 5 metres ( 5 feet ) in length and a head that was pointed at the top and rounded at the bottom , resembling either a teardrop or an isosceles triangle . The top of the shaft was fitted with a metal eye or socket that was welded to the head of the axe near the base of the blade . The upper part of the blade extended above the eye , while the opposite side of the socket featured a small blunt hammer head . The head of the axe itself measured approximately 44 cm . ( 17 inches ) in length , was sharpened on the back and flattened bottom edges , and was uniformly decorated with punched and incised abstract floral patterns . The term " doloire " is derived from the Latin " dolabra " , a tool axe used by Roman legionaries . Its alternative name " wagoner ' s axe " originates from the fact that it was found most often in the hands of a wagoner , the man in charge of the supply trains accompanying troop s on the march . The wagoner used the axe not only as a tool for working and shaping wood and repairing or building carts and wooden structures but also as a weapon for self defense . While the hammer portion of the doloire could also be used offensively , its primary function was utilitarian . However , on display in the castle of Spiez in Switzerland , among other arms and armour , is a doloire with an opposing fluke or spike in place of a hammer , designed to penetrate body armour and indicating its primary purpose as a weapon . There are also smaller , one - handed forms of the doloire , closer in size to a hatchet , and one of these is depicted in a woodcut by Albrecht Altdorfer from the " Triumphal Procession of the Emperor Maximilian " series of 1517 . It is shown being carried , along with a boar spear , by a carpenter or wagoner accompanying a supply train .
Blackwood - class frigate The Type 14 " Blackwood " class were a twelve ship class of " second - rate " anti - submarine warfare frigates of the Royal Navy , designed and built during the increasing threat from the Soviet Union ' s large fleet of submarines that roamed the Atlantic Ocean . Design . They were designed to be cheaper and smaller to complement the expensive Type 12 frigate s and had light armament . However their antisubmarine armament of two limbo mortars , Mk 20 torpedoes and sonar fit equaled the larger type 12 and as the crews of the Type 14 concentrated almost entirely on practicing and thinking about anti submarine warfare , they were often the most effective frigates in anti submarine exercises till the mid 1960s . The class were very specialised for the anti - submarine role and thus had little capability in any other role , though they did perform fishery protection duties during the Cod Wars . One of the ships , " Exmouth " , was later converted to gas turbines in 1966 , becoming the first major warship of the Royal Navy to be so powered . After experience with these frigates , the admiralty decided to ensure that quality was the top priority of all ships , even though it meant having a smaller fleet . In the late 1950s , during their time on patrols around Iceland to ensure that Iceland did not interfere with British fishermen ' s attempts to fish , problems were found with the hulls of the Type 14s in such heavy waters , such that their hulls had to be strengthened to cope with these patrols . However , they proved to be good seaboats throughout the dispute , which continued into the mid - 1970s . The low profile of the superstructure and to a degree the fact much of the frigate superstructure , ran underwater and they were almost a sort of semi submersible in the deep Atlantic was in part a deliberate design feature to allow surprise attacks into surfaced Russian submarine packs . The Type 14 was flawed by the lack of a 3 / 4 inch deck gun to counter a submarine that decided to fight back on the surface , and the general lack of space in the design . Service . The Type 14s ' limited size , at just 310 ft ( 94 m ) , restricted them from continuing past the 1970s and continuing the work as anti - submarine ships . Their small hull limited the extent of modifications and upgrades possible , preventing the Type 14s from being modernised with more effective weapons , effectively rendering them obsolete . All were decommissioned in the 1970s . Ships . Royal Navy . The Royal Navy ships were all named after British captains . Many had been in the Napoleonic wars and some were present at the Battle of Trafalgar Indian Navy . Three ships were built for the Indian Navy in the late 1950s
Michalovice Castle Michalovice is a castle located on the vicinity of the Jezera river , about 3 km northwest of the town of Mladá Boleslav , in Central Bohemia , Czech Republic . The ruins of the early Gothic Michalovice castle stands on the right bank of the Jizera river . It was built by members of the Markvartice family during the last quarter of the 13th century to replace an earlier manor house . It was left to decay already in the 15th century . In the 19th century the ruins of the castle were sapped by treasure hunters , and now only the look - out tower remains . The robust cylindrical leaning tower is the reason why the castle has often been called the tub of Michalovice ( ) .
Siege of Warsaw ( 1794 ) The Siege of Warsaw of 1794 was a joint Russian and Prussian siege of the capital of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth , during the Kościuszko Uprising in the summer of 1794 . It ended with the Polish victory when , after a two - month siege , the Prussian and Russian army ended the siege and withdrew from Warsaw . Background . Warsaw , the capital of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth , was one of the key strategic areas for all sides in the Kościuszko Uprising . Secured by the Poles during the Warsaw Uprising in April , it was threatened by the forces of the Imperial Russia and Kingdom of Prussia . The leader of the Uprising , Tadeusz Kościuszko , gathered forces to defend Warsaw , and around 7 to 11 July fought a delaying battle at Raszyn . Opposing forces . Kościuszko was able to gain some time to finish preparation for the upcoming siege , dividing his forces into the field army ( 23 , 000 ) , garrison ( 3 , 000 ) and city militia ( 18 , 000 ) . Another estimate gave him 35 , 000 men and 200 guns . The field army had a line of field fortifications and trenches prepared outside the main city walls and fortifications . The besieging forces were commanded by King Frederick William II of Prussia , whose army numbered about 25 , 000 and 179 guns , with a Russian army of about 65 , 000 and 74 guns under Johann Hermann von Fersen . Another estimate gives the Prussian size at 30 , 000 and the Russian , at 13 , 000 . Siege . The attackers decided to delay their assault , waiting for heavy artillery . They launched their first attack on July 27 in the direction of Wola , but were pushed back by a division under Prince Józef Poniatowski . To relive the pressure of the siege , Kościuszko ordered the Uprising in Greater Poland , which succeeded in disrupting the Prussian forces . Kościuszko became more radical in his political influence , endorsing the Polish Jacobins to gather more popular support . The second assault by the besieging Prussian and Russian armies on 26 to 28 August was also defeated , and with the spreading of unrest in Greater Poland , Frederick William II ordered his forces to end the siege and withdraw . The Prussians would retreat to the Bzura river , while the Russians , under von Fersen , would camp near the southern Pilica river region . The Polish victory at Warsaw is seen as one of the major accomplishments of Kościuszko , and one of the two greatest Polish victories in the Uprising , second to the success of the Greater Poland Uprising itself , which was inspired by the siege . Aftermath . Despite this victory , the Uprising would soon end with Kościuszko ' s defeat at the battle of Maciejowice in October followed by the bloody taking of Warsaw in November .
William Peery William Peery ( 1743 – December 17 , 1800 ) was an American farmer , lawyer , and politician from Cool Spring , near Milton , in Sussex County , Delaware . He was a veteran of the American Revolution , a Continental Congressman from Delaware , and a member of the Delaware General Assembly . Peery lived with his father ' s family on a farm in Sussex County . Later , he farmed this land himself . In April 1777 , during the American Revolution , he was selected to be captain of an independent militia company of 100 Sussex County men , " for the safeguard of the pilots and the persons and goods of other well affected inhabitants . . . residing or being near Lewistown and the coasts of Delaware Bay . " The area was known for the high level of Loyalist activity and the constant threat of British intervention from the sea . Future Governor David Hazzard was the son of one of his second lieutenants . They saw some action during the winter of 1777 – 78 in support of the Flying Camp that helped protect Washington ' s camp at Valley Forge . Peery was elected to the State House for the eight sessions from 1777 - 78 through 1784 - 85 . On November 4 , 1785 the General Assembly elected him to be one of their delegates to the Continental Congress and he served for a year . He was then returned to the State House for the 1787 / 88 session and the 1793 - 94 and 1794 - 95 sessions . From 1785 to 1796 he served as the county Treasurer for Sussex County . Peery died on December 17 , 1800 in Lewes , Delaware , and is buried in the Cool Spring Prebsbyterian Church Cemetery near Lewes .
Puilaurens Castle The Château de Puilaurens ( also " Puylaurens " ; in Occitan : " lo Castèl de Puèg - Laurenç " ) is one of the so - called Cathar castles in what is now the South of France . It is located in the " commune " of Lapradelle - Puilaurens in the Aude " département " . The castle stands on a spur of rock above the Boulzane Valley and the villages of Lapradelle and Puilaurens . There is a path from Axat to the castle . The castle here had belonged to the Abbey of Saint - Michel de Cuxa before it was acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162 . As Aragonese property it was outside the territory ravaged by the Crusaders during the Cathar wars . Like Queribus it therefore provided a refuge for those fleeing from the invading forces . Those who took refuge there included both Cathars and faidits , that is to say those who had forfeited their property because of their opposition to the invaders . These faidits included high nobles , such as Guillaume de Peyrepertuse . Puilaurens was ceded to the French some time before 1255 . After 1258 its possession by the French crown was ratified by the Treaty of Corbeil , when the Aragonese border was moved south . In 1260 , it was garrisoned by 25 sergeants . It was taken by Spanish troops in 1635 , but lost all strategic importance after the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 when the border was moved even further south to its present position along the crest of the Pyrenees . In the 13th century it belonged to the Lords of Fenouillet . Defended by Pierre Catala and , more importantly , by Guillaume de Peyrepertuse , it withstood attack by Simon de Montfort and his successors until the end of the crusades . After 1243 , its owner was Roger Catala , Pierre ' s son , but it was defended , like Quéribus , by Chabert de Barbaira , a Cathar military commander who was the last person to defend the Occitan cause . Numerous Cathar deacons sought refuge here after the fall of Montsegur . It is thought that the castle was finally forced to surrender ( probably around the same time as Queribus ) c . 1255 . The castle has been listed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture since 1902 .
Baby 700 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Baby 700 Cemetery is a World War I Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey . It contains the bodies of some of the soldiers killed during the battles at Gallipoli . During an eight - month campaign in 1915 , Commonwealth and French forces sought to force Turkey out of the war , which would relieve the deadlock on the Western Front and open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea . Nomenclature . The name " Baby 700 " originated in cartographic notes on Allied maps . One of the hills in the Sari Bair range was shown as being 700 feet above sea level , and its summit was marked with a small circle . Maps showed another 700 foot hill immediately north of it , marked with a larger circle . These notations led to the names Baby 700 and Big 700 being assigned to them by the Commonwealth forces . Baby 700 retained its name throughout the campaign . Big 700 was later renamed Battleship Hill . Action . The 3rd Australian Brigade landed at Anzac Cove on April 25 , 1915 and successfully reached the summit on the morning of the landing . It was driven off the summit in a Turkish counterattack in the afternoon . Allied forces made several attempts to recapture it over the following months , with major assaults on May 2 and August 7 , but it remained in Turkish control for the rest of the campaign . Cemetery construction . The cemetery was constructed in 1919 , and the remains recovered from the surrounding area here buried there . Special memorials commemorate ten Australian soldiers thought to be amongst its 449 unidentified burials .
Slough Fort Slough Fort is a small seven - gun Royal Commission fort built on the Thames , Kent to the west of the entrance to the Medway near Allhallows - on - Sea . It is intact and being used as riding school stable . It was built in 1867 as an arc of seven granite faced casemate s . The seven 7in rifled breech loader s were designed to impede shipping on the Thames . By 1895 , modifications had been done to the flanks and it was armed with two 9 . 2in and two 6in breech loaders on hydro - pneumatic disappearing mounting . The mountings were changed by 1905 and the fort was disarmed in 1912 .
Battle of Membrillar The battle of Membrillar occurred on 20 March 1814 , during the War of Chilean Independence . Background . Prior to the fall of Talca in early March , Juan Mackenna had been positioned along the Itata river with a small division of patriot troops , whilst Bernardo O ' Higgins had remained with the main body of the army in Concepción . After Talca fell to Royalist forces , however , Mackenna realised his lines of communication with O ' Higgins were now cut and that he was isolated . Mackenna , the colonel of engineers on the patriot General Staff , formed a solid defensive position , building three mutually supporting bastion s on local hills on the north bank of the north side of the Itata river near Membrillar . The Royalist commander , Gabino Gaínza , had sent a vanguard of 400 men into the hills of Quilo , south of the Itata river , to prevent the two patriot commanders from reuniting . This force had been defeated in the Battle of El Quilo on the 19 March , forcing Gaínza to attempt a different plan . Gaínza instead decided to attack Mackenna ' s forces immediately , before then turning on O ' Higgins . Chillán sent additional reinforcements , and Gaínza then crossed the Itata to attack . The battle . The battle began on 20 March in chaos . A misinterpreted order resulted in confused skirmishes breaking out between the forward units of both armies . The Royalist forces made a disorganised assault on the Patriot trenches surrounding the field by the village of Membrillar ; this attack was repelled and immediately the Royalist officer Manuel Barañao led a second attack , this time on the central positions held by Mackenna . Mackenna ' s forces held and he sent a counter - attack against the Royalists , comprising units led by Santiago Bueras , Hilario Vidal , Agustín Almanza and Balcarce Marks , driving Barañao ' s forces back . The Royalists continued their waves of attacks for several hours , but all were repulsed . When night fell , the driving rain and the dark encouraged the Royalists to retreat from the field . Aftermath . In the morning , Mackenna did not realise how much damage he had inflicted on the Royalists and instead focused on repairing the damage to his fortifications , expecting another attack . As a result , Gabino Gaínza was able to regroup and reorganise his forces .
Conquest of Stockholm The Conquest of Stockholm ( ) was a battle in the Swedish War of Liberation that took place in Stockholm , Sweden on 17 June 1523 . The Swedish forces had for a long time laid siege to Stockholm , which was the last Danish stronghold in Sweden . The city waited for reinforcement from Denmark , but none came . It was clear that negotiations must begin . A first attempt at negotiation began , on the basis that the military forces in Stockholm would surrender to Lübeck , and that Lübeck and Danzig would compensate them for their remaining pay . Gustav Vasa refused to agree with this proposal , and the siege continued . In June 1523 the negotiations were resumed . Stockholm ' s defenders were tired of the fighting , and their only demand was safe passage and that they were allowed to retain their equipment . This was accepted by Gustav Vasa and on the 17th of June the capitulation of the city and castle was officially signed . Gustav Vasa , who had been crowned King of Sweden on June 6 , could march into the city on Midsummer ' s Eve . Depictions . The conquest of Stockholm 1523 is depicted in the Swedish opera " Gustaf Wasa " from 1786 by Johann Gottlieb Naumann , where the libretto was written by Johan Henric Kellgren and Gustav III of Sweden .
USNS Guadalupe ( T - AO - 200 ) USNS " Guadalupe " ( T - AO - 200 ) is a underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command to support ships of the United States Navy . " Guadalupe " , the fourteenth ship of the " Henry J . Kaiser " class , was laid down at Avondale Shipyard , Inc . , at New Orleans , Louisiana , on 9 July 1990 and launched on 5 October 1991 . She entered non - commissioned U . S . Navy service under the control of the Military Sealift Command with a primarily civilian crew on 25 September 1992 . She serves in the United States Pacific Fleet .
Battle of Drumlui The Battle of Drumlui was a Scottish clan battle that took place in either 1330 or 1337 , in the Scottish Highlands between the Clan Cameron and the Clan Mackintosh . The lands around Loch Arkaig and Glen Loy ( " Gleann Laoigh " , sometimes anglicised as Glenlui ) had previously been undisputedly owned by the Camerons for many years until they were demanded by William MacKintosh , son of Angus , 6th Chief of Clan MacKintosh . The MacKintoshes appealed to the sword and a battle was fought at Drumlui . The most likely location is Druim Gleann Laoigh , a mountain in the middle of the area in question . The Camerons were defeated under the leadership of Donald Alin Mhic Evin . This battle led to a very long - lasting 350 year feud with the two clans constantly attacking each other until the Stand - off at the Fords of Arkaig in 1665 .
HMAS Eduardo HMAS " Eduardo " was an auxiliary vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during the Second World War . She was the Royal Navy ' s MFV 2045 , which was loaned to the RAN and commissioned on 8 March 1945 . She was used by the Services Reconnaissance Department and was paid off in October 1945 and handed back to the Royal Navy .
41st Tactical Missile Squadron The 41st Tactical Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 507th Tactical Control Group , stationed at Pope Air Force Base , North Carolina . It was inactivated on 12 January 1954 . History . Activated by III Fighter Command at Dale Mabry Army Airfield as a fighter Operational Training Unit ( OTU ) during World War II . Mission was to train newly - trained pilots and provide combat training prior to their overseas deployment . Initially equipped with the P - 39 Aircobra , moved to Perry Army Airfield sub - field for training . Later using P - 47 Thunderbolt s and P - 51 Mustang s when they became available . Inactivated 1944 , personnel and aircraft re designated 335th Army Air Force Base Unit ( Replacement Training Unit , Fighter ) , Squadron " D " . Activated in the mid - 1950s , never manned or equipped .
February 2009 Kabul raids The February 2009 Kabul raids were a series of strikes by the Taliban against Afghan government targets in Kabul , Afghanistan on February 11 , 2009 . The attacks killed 21 and injured 57 . The attacks happened the day before the new American envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan , Richard Holbrooke , was due to arrive in the country . Eight Taliban fighters were involved in the assault , and all were killed . Five Taliban stormed the Justice Ministry building , killing two guards then laying siege to the building for about an hour . About ten people died in the fighting there . At the Directorate of Prisons , one attacker blew himself up at a checkpoint and the other ran inside the building and blew himself up , killing seven and injuring 15 . One attacker was killed before he could attack the Education Ministry building . The Taliban claimed the attacks , saying they were revenge for the killing of prisoners at the Pul - i - Charkhi Prison . Afghan officials said the mastermind of the attack was based in Pakistan , based on intercepted text messages . An American official blamed fighters loyal to Jalaluddin Haqqani . On March 18 , officials from Afghanistan ' s National Directorate for Security announced that they had arrested seven men and killed an eighth in Kabul and Logar province who had been involved in planning and conducting the raid . Sayed Ansari , a spokesman for the directorate , stated that the assailants were believed to have trained in Pakistan and communicated with Pakistani - based handlers before and during the assaults . Ansari stated that an Afghan man , named Mohammad Haris , had helped organize the raid in Waziristan , Pakistan , perhaps with assistance from Pakistan ' s Inter - Services Intelligence Directorate . Ansari added that the attackers were equipped with a megaphone , enough food for several days , and cellphones to keep in touch with each other and with their mastermind in Pakistan . External links . Photo galleries Reports
English ship Elizabeth Jonas ( 1559 ) The Elizabeth Jonas of 1559 was the first large English galleon , built in Deptford from 1557 and launched in July 1559 . With a nominal burden of 800 tons , she was the largest ship built in England since Henry VIII ' s prestige warship , the " Henry Grace à Dieu " . She was ordered under the reign of Queen Mary and initially named " Edward " , after her late brother , but was renamed when Elizabeth I came to the throne . She was a square - rigged galleon of four masts , including two lateen - rigged mizzenmasts . The " Elizabeth Jonas " served effectively under the command of Sir Robert Southwell during the battle of the Spanish Armada in 1588 . In 1597 - 98 she was rebuilt as a razee galleon , but at the time of the Commission of Enquiry in 1618 she was condemned and broken up .
Ralph Heywood Ralph Alvin Heywood ( September 11 , 1921 – April 10 , 2007 ) was an American football player . He was the only National Football League player to serve in World War II , the Korean War , and the Vietnam War , serving as a Marine Corps officer for 32 years . Born in Los Angeles , California , he was an All - American for USC in 1943 . Heywood died at age 85 in Bandera , Texas .