naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Commemorative Medal of the War 1940 – 1945 The Commemorative Medal of the War 1940 – 45 ( , ) was a military decoration of Belgium . It was established by royal decree of the Regent on 16 February 1945 to recognise Belgian servicemen and women who served during World War II . It was also awarded to members of the Belgian Resistance and members of the Belgian wartime Merchant Navy on the side of the Allies . Later decrees allowed for its award to foreign recipients of the Belgian Croix de Guerre . Award description . Insignia . The Commemorative Medal of the War 1940 – 1945 was a 38mm in diameter circular bronze medal , the obverse bore a large V for Victory sign with a relief roaring lion in the V , at lower left was the relief year " 1940 " , at lower right the relief year " 1945 " . A 3mm wide laurel wreath encircled the entire medal on both the obverse and reverse . On the reverse , within a 5mm wide raised circle , the relief inscriptions ( ) within the upper half and ( ) in the lower half , in the center of the raised circle , two 3mm high raised horizontal bars positioned 8mm apart , the upper one bearing the relief inscription ( ) , the lower one bearing ( ) , at center , between the two horizontal bars , the relief years " 1940 – 1945 " . The medal was suspended by a ring through a lateral suspension loop from a 37mm wide yellow silk moiré ribbon with 8mm wide edge stripes composed of 2mm wide stripes of yellow , black , white and black , the yellow being closest to the edges . Ribbon devices . Many ribbon devices are allowed for wear : Notable recipients ( partial list ) . The individuals listed below were awarded the Commemorative Medal of the War 1940 – 1945 :
Siege of Nagakubo The Siege of Nagakubo was a battle of Japan ' s Sengoku period . It took place in 1543 as part of Takeda Shingen ' s bid to control Shinano Province , Japan . He took the castle of his former ally , Oi Sadataka , who had deserted him to ally with Murakami Yoshikiyo . Oi was sent to Takeda ' s home city of Kōfu as a prisoner , where he was then killed .
William R . D . Blackwood Surgeon William Robert Douglas Blackwood ( 12 May 1838 to April 26 , 1922 ) was an Irish soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Blackwood received the United States ' highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Third Battle of Petersburg in Virginia on 2 April 1865 . He was honored with the award on 21 July 1897 . Biography . Blackwood was born in Hollywood , Ireland on 12 May 1838 . He immigrated to the United States and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania . In September 1862 he enlisted into the 149th Pennsylvania Infantry as an Assistant Surgeon but was later transferred to the 48th Pennsylvania Infantry on April 28 , 1863 where he was promoted to Chief Surgeon of the regiment . During the Third Battle of Petersburg when Fort Mahone was being attacked , Blackwood assisted several seriously wounded soldiers from the battlefield . He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroics . He died on 26 April 1922 and his remains are interred at the Chelten Hills Cemetery , Philadelphia .
Chief of General Staff ( Israel ) The Chief of the General Staff , also known as the Commander - in - Chief of the Israel Defense Forces ( , Rosh HaMateh HaKlali " , abbr . Ramatkal " — ) is the supreme commander and Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces . At any given time , the Chief of Staff is the only active officer holding the IDF ' s highest rank , " rav aluf " ( ) , which is usually translated into English as lieutenant general , a three - star rank . ( The lone exception to this rule occurred during the Yom Kippur War , when former Chief of Staff Haim Bar - Lev , who was a government member at the moment of war outbreak , was brought out of retirement and installed as chief of Southern Command . For a brief period , he and Chief of Staff David Elazar were both in active service with the rank of " rav aluf " . ) The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) is an integrated force , ranks are the same in all services . It has a slightly compacted rank structure ; for instance , the Chief of Staff ( " Ramatkal " or " rav aluf " ( Hebrew : רב - אלוף ) ) is seemingly only equivalent to a lieutenant general ( NATO OF - 8 ) in other militaries . " Rav aluf " means ' arch - general ' , which would be equal to a field marshal or five star general in other armies and equivalent to OF - 10 . Legal position . The position of " ramatkal " is defined in the " Basic Law : The Military " ( 1976 ) , clause three : The Chief of Staff is formally appointed once every three years , with the government often extending the term to four years , and in some occasions , even five . As of June 18 , 2013 , the Chief of General Staff is Benny Gantz . Significance . Given the importance of the IDF in Israeli society , the Chief of Staff is an important public figure in Israel . Former Chiefs of Staff often parlay the prominence of their position into political life , and sometimes the business world . Two Chiefs of Staff ( Yitzhak Rabin and Ehud Barak ) have become Prime Minister of Israel and nine others ( Yigael Yadin , Moshe Dayan , Tzvi Tzur , Haim Bar - Lev , Mordechai Gur , Rafael Eitan , Amnon Lipkin - Shahak , Shaul Mofaz and Moshe Ya ' alon ) have served in the " Knesset " . Of these , only Tzur did not get appointed to the Cabinet . Four former Chiefs of Staff ( Dayan , Rabin , Barak , and Mofaz ) held the position of Defense Minister , widely considered to be the most powerful ministerial post in the country and the immediate civilian superior of the Chief of Staff ; of these , Mofaz is the only one to serve as Defense Minister over his immediate successor as Chief of Staff ( in Mofaz ' s case , Ya ' alon ) . Moshe Dayan served also as Foreign Minister . Soon after his discharge , Dan Halutz became the C . E . O . of a prestigious car importer . Ehud Barak took a hiatus from politics twice after defeats for re - election and pursued successful international business ventures .
French ship Éole ( 1789 ) Éole was a 74 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . Between 1791 and 1793 , she was based in Saint - Domingue . She took part in the Glorious First of June , where she and dismasted . She later took part in the Expédition d ' Irlande , an ill - fated attempt to invade Ireland . On 19 August 1806 , during the Atlantic campaign of 1806 , she was dismasted by a tempest off Martinique , and had to be taken in tow by American ships to Annapolis . She was eventually condemned in 1811 , and broken up in 1816 . Several of her 36 - pounder long gun s were loaned to Fort McHenry in 1813 and used in the defence of Baltimore in September 1814 .
Security checkpoint Civilian checkpoints or Security checkpoints are distinguishable from border or frontier checkpoints in that they are erected and enforced within contiguous areas under military or paramilitary control . Civilian checkpoints have been employed within conflict - ridden areas all over the world to monitor and control the movement of people and materials in order to prevent violence . Contemporary examples . Though practices and enforcement vary , checkpoints have been used in : Advantages . Checkpoints provide many advantages , including the ability to control how people enter so that security personnel ( be it governmental or civilian ) can screen entrants to identify known troublemakers ( be they criminals , terrorist s , or simple rabble - rousers ) and locate contraband items . Effects of checkpoints . Checkpoints typically lead to hardship for the affected civilians , though these effects range from inconvenience to mortal danger . Bir Zeit University , for example , has conducted several studies highlighting the effects of checkpoints in the Palestinian territories In Colombia , the paramilitary forces of the AUC have , according to Amnesty International , imposed limits on the food entering villages , with over 30 people being killed at the checkpoint in one instance .
Rudolf Ehrenberger Rudolf Ehrenberger ( 25 August 1915 – 8 March 1944 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Rudolf Ehrenberger was killed on 8 March 1944 near Wittenberge , Germany . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 6 April 1944 . During his career he was credited with 49 aerial victories .
RFA Spapool ( A222 ) RFA " Spapool " ( A222 ) was a Spa - class coastal water carrier of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . The ship was laid down on 13 August 1945 by Charles Hill & Sons of Bristol , launched on 28 February 1946 , and was commissioned on 14 June 1946 , serving until 1976 when it was sold off by the MoD . " Spapool " was purchased commercially in July 1976 at Mombasa and used by Divecon Ltd . as a salvage vessel later that year for the recovery of M / V " Southern Pioneer " , a tanker that sank at Tanga , Tanzania . She was used as a bunker barge in Mombasa after the boiler was condemned . The ship sank on Christmas Day 1983 , and was salvaged by Divecon Ltd . , Mombasa in 1984 , and scrapped .
Ahmet Hulki Saral Ahmet Hulki Saral ( 1905 – 1982 ) was a Turkish Army general and a military historian . He was born 1905 in Sofoular village ( present day Kapnochori ) of Kozana ( present day Kozani , Greece ) . Before the Balkan Wars , Kozana was a town in the Serfiçe Sanjak of the Monastir Vilayet within the Ottoman Empire . His father was Hodja Ismail Hakki Efendi , a military imam at the 97th Regiment of the Ottoman Army . Ahmet Hulki Saral graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1924 as an infantry officer . In 1933 , he completed his education as a staff Second Lieutenant and served in various military units as a staff officer . Between 1948 - 1950 , he was chief of staff at the Dardanelles Fortified Area Command . Then , he commanded the 42nd Infantry Regiment and later , promoted to the rank of a general , the 4th Infantry Division in Gallipoli . In 1957 , he was tasked with the reorganization of the Military Museum in Istanbul and the renowned historical Ottoman military band " Mehter " . During the years 1958 - 1960 , he served as the chief of the Turkish Military History Department at the Turkish General Staff . He retired in 1960 . He married to Hacer Cenan Saral from Fethiye . The couple had two sons , İsmail Tosun Saral ( 1941 ) and Osman Yavuz Saral ( 1947 – 1982 ) . Ahmet Hulki Saral died 1982 in Ankara .
2011 in Afghanistan " See also " : 2008 in Afghanistan , 2009 in Afghanistan , 2010 in Afghanistan , and Timeline of the War in Afghanistan ( 2001 – present ) . Events from the year 2011 in Afghanistan May 28 , 2011 : A coalition airstrike in southern Afghanistan killed a dozen children and two women , Afghan and NATO officials said . The death toll , if confirmed , would make it the largest loss of civilian life this year as a result of an ISAF ( International Security Assistance Force ) airstrike .
USS Cockrill ( DE - 398 ) USS Cockrill ( DE - 398 ) was an Edsall - class destroyer escort built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided destroyer escort protection against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . She was named in honor of ensign Dan Robertson Cockrill who died after was torpedoed . She was launched 29 October 1943 by Brown Shipbuilding Co . , Houston , Texas ; sponsored by Mrs . Cockrill , mother of " Lieutenant Cockrill " ; commissioned 24 December 1943 , Lieutenant Commander S . Farnham in command ; and reported to the Atlantic Fleet . World War II North Atlantic operations . " Cockrill " cleared Norfolk , Virginia , 23 February 1944 on convoy escort duty for Casablanca , returning to New York 5 April . After training and repairs , she conducted various operations off the east coast until 24 July , when she cleared Norfolk for a convoy to Bizerte returning to New York 7 September . Coastwise escort duty and training at Bermuda followed until 4 December , when she put to sea for a submarine search in the Gulf of Mexico . She voyaged to Bermudan waters 26 December – 16 January 1945 for operational training with USS Bogue ( CVE - 9 ) and an escort unit , and then took part in carrier qualification training in Narragansett Bay and training at Casco Bay . Sinking of German Submarine U - 546 . From 11 April to 11 May 1945 " Cockrill " was on an antisubmarine patrol , with the Bogue group . Taking station in a barrier of carrier groups in position from Greenland to the " Carolinas " against the known presence of a large number of U - boats , " Cockrill " participated 24 April in the attack on U - 546 , which was forced to the surface and scuttled by its crew . Transfer to the Pacific Ocean . " Cockrill " sailed from New York 19 May for Charleston , South Carolina , Guantánamo Bay , the Panama Canal , and San Diego , California , arriving 14 July . Two days later she cleared for Pearl Harbor , for training until 20 August , when she sailed for Saipan arriving 30 August . Assigned to convoy escort duty , she operated from Saipan and Guam to Okinawa and Japanese ports in support of the occupation . She continued training out of Guam from 14 November 1945 to 11 January 1946 then sailed to call at San Pedro , California , before continuing to Boston , Massachusetts , arriving 26 February . Post - War Deactivation and Decommissioning . After coastwise operations , " Cockrill " reported to the Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs , Florida , where she was decommissioned 21 June 1946 . On 1 August 1973 she was struck from the Navy list and , on 19 November 1974 , she was sunk as target off Florida .
Herbert Panknin Herbert Panknin ( 27 December 1913 in Neustettin – 15 March 2001 in Langen - Sievern ) was a German chief engineer ( " Leitender Ingenieur " abbreviated LI ) on a U - boat in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Nike J NIKE J was the name for the Japan ese version of the Nike - Hercules Missile surface to air missile . It was produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries . First test firings of the missile occurred in November 1970 . The Nike J was also a different version of the usual Nike Hercules , in that way , that it could not be mated with a special ( nuclear ) warhead .
USS Osceola ( YT - 129 ) The third USS " Osceola " ( YT - 129 ) , previously USS " YT - 129 " , later YTB - 129 , later YTM - 129 , was a United States Navy harbor tug commissioned in 1938 and sold for scrapping in 1973 . Harbor tug USS " YT - 129 " was launched by the Charleston Navy Yard on 3 March 1938 and commissioned on 1 June 1938 . She was assigned the name USS " Osceola " ( YT - 129 ) on 17 September 1938 . " Osceola " reported to the 14th Naval District , headquartered at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii . She was stationed at Pearl Harbor throughout World War II , providing assistance in maneuvering larger ships , rendered towing service for naval vessels , and aiding in waterfront firefighting . She was reclassified as a large harbor tug ( YTB – 129 ) on 12 April 1944 and was damaged during the West Loch Disaster of 21 May 1944 . After World War II , Osceola continued to provide her vital service to the United States Pacific Fleet . Her classification changed to medium harbor tug ( YTM – 129 ) in early 1962 . " Osceola " was sold for scrapping by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service ( DRMS ) on 1 February 1973 .
Horatio Thomas Austin Sir Horatio Thomas Austin ( 1801 – 16 November 1865 ) was a British officer in the Royal Navy , and an explorer . In 1828 was dispatched on a scientific expedition in the Pacific Ocean under the command of Captain Henry Foster , with Austin as his First Lieutenant . Foster explored the South Atlantic , and especially the South Shetland Islands ; Port Foster on Deception Island is named after him . Unfortunately , he drowned in 1831 in the Chagres River in Panama . After Foster ' s loss , the ship ' s command fell to Austin . On the expedition , the ship circumnavigated along the Southern Hemisphere , visiting the River Plate and Isla de los Estados of Argentina , Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South America , New Zealand , South Georgia , rounded the Cape of Good Hope near the southern tip of the African continent , and made port at Trinidad , before returning across the Atlantic Ocean to Falmouth in 1830 . Following the 1849 failure of James Clark Ross ' s attempt to locate the lost Franklin Expedition , Austin led an 1850 expedition that also attempted to find Sir John Franklin and his crew . George F . McDougall was second master on board HMS " Resolute " . Although the expedition located only traces of Franklin ' s presence , Austin is credited with organising successful sledging expeditions along the coasts of several Canadian Arctic islands , including Bathurst , Byam Martin , Melville , and Prince of Wales Island . Between October 1850 and March 1851 , members of the " Resolute " crew under Captain Horatio Austin published at least five numbers of a handwritten newspaper , " The Illustrated Arctic News , " during the wintering of the Resolute in what they identified as " Barrow Strait . " Upon the return of the " Resolute " to home port in England , the manuscript paper was printed in London in 1852 . Atwood ( 1997 ) references extant copies of the papers at both the British Museum and the Scott Polar Research Institute , Cambridge .
Yemişçi Hasan Pasha Hasan , a native Turk who spent his childhood in Rogovo , then went to Prizren , where he finished primary school . He pursued his education at the military academy in Istanbul . After a military career , Hasan was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1602 to 1603 . He married on 5 April 1602 with Ayshe Sultan a daughter of Murad III . Hi ' s son was Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha .
Gould Airfield Gould Airfield was an airfield south of " Batchelor Airfield " at Batchelor , Northern Territory , Australia during World War II . The runway was . 1945 Lockheed Ventura crash . On 27 January 1945 , a RAAF Lockheed Ventura crashed 800 yards south - east of the airfield , killing all 6 crew members on board .
Special Troops Battalion A special troops battalion ( STB ) is an organic unit of a modular brigade , division ( or equivalent ) , corps or higher echelon United States Army organization . It may comprise companies from different branches of the army , but typically has a Headquarters and Headquarters Company ( HHC ) and Signal Network Company at a minimum . Division headquarters battalion . The division headquarters battalion is composed of : The division headquarters battalion is capable of functioning as a tactical headquarters while deployed . Brigade combat teams . In some divisions these battalions are referred to as either brigade troops battalions ( BTB ) or brigade special troops battalions ( BSTB ) . The Stryker brigade combat teams ( SBCTs ) do not have an STB and the components are treated as stand - alone units . Sustainment Brigades . In the sustainment brigade , the battalion is composed of an HHC and a signal network support company . When deployed , the battalion will usually have a financial management ( FM ) company , postal , and a human resources ( HR ) company attached to it for command and control ( C2 ) , administrative and logistics support . Unlike their fellow Combat Service Support Battalions ( CSSBs ) , STBs in Sustainment Brigades are not allocated personnel for a Support Operations section .
USS Sweet Brier ( 1862 ) USS " Sweet Brier " ( 1862 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . " Sweet Briar " was used by the Union Navy as an armed tugboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . Commissioned at New York City in 1862 . " Sweet Brier " — a wooden screw tug built at Buffalo , New York , in 1862 — was purchased by the Union Navy at New York City on 22 September 1863 ; and was commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 25 January 1864 , Acting Ensign J . D . Dexter in command . Assigned to blockade duty with the South Atlantic blockade . The tug departed New York City on 3 February 1864 , and arrived off Charleston , South Carolina , on 4 March and was assigned to blockade duty off that southern port . On 8 July , she captured blockade running schooner off Charleston laden with cotton . " Sweet Brier " continued to serve in the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron through the end of the war and sailed north on 27 June 1865 . Post - war decommissioning , sale and subsequent maritime career . She was decommissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 13 July 1865 and was sold at public auction there on 25 October to D . T . Rowland . She was redocumented as " Conqueror " on 28 December 1866 and remained in merchant service until 1900 .
MLVM MLVM ( , meaning " infantry fighting vehicle of vânători de munte " ) is a Romania n armoured personnel carrier . The vehicle was designed and used as an infantry fighting vehicle for the " vânători de munte " units of the Romanian Army , though technically it is a tracked armoured personnel carrier according to UN classification because of its light armour and armament .
Koriša bombing The Bombing of Albanian refugees near Koriša occurred on 14 May 1999 during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia , when NATO aircraft bombed ethnic Albanians in Kosovo . At least 87 were killed and 60 wounded , and the death toll may have been as high as 100 . After the bombing , Serb officials took TV crews to the scene and later Serbian television showed scenes of devastation , bodies burned beyond recognition and charred tractors scattered at the scene of the attack . The Yugoslav government insisted that NATO had targeted civilians , while Kosovo Albanian survivors claimed that they had been set up by Yugoslav authorities so that they would be killed by NATO bombs . The incident occurred near Koriša , a town near the southern city of Prizren .
1st Missouri Infantry ( Confederate ) The 1st Missouri Infantry ( C . S . A . ) was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . Organization . The regiment was organized in Memphis , Tennessee and New Madrid , Missouri in June – September 1861 by Col . John S . Bowen , the regiment ' s first commander . The regiment was composed primarily of pro - secession Missourians from the St . Louis area and southeast Missouri . The origin of the original companies is as follows : Service . The unit first saw action April 6 – 7 , 1862 at the Battle of Shiloh . After major loses during the battles of Iuka and 2nd Corinth , the regiment was reorganized at Holly Springs , Mississippi on November 7 , 1862 by merging the 1st Missouri Infantry with the 4th Missouri Infantry , after which point it became known as the " 1st and 4th Consolidated Missouri Infantry " . The " 1st and 4th Consolidated Missouri Infantry " fought as a unit of the Confederate Army of Tennessee during the Atlanta Campaign and General John Bell Hood ' s 1864 invasion of Tennessee . After the failure of that campaign , the regiment was ordered to Mobile , Alabama , where they participated in the defense of Fort Blakely . The fort ' s garrison was surrendered on April 9 , 1865 as which point the regiment functionally ceased to exist .