naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Springfield Model 1863 The Springfield Model 1863 rifled musket is a . 58 caliber rifled musket produced by the Springfield Armory between 1863 and 1865 . The Model 1863 was only a minor improvement over the Springfield Model 1861 . As such , it is sometimes classified as just a variant of the Model 1861 . The Model 1861 , with all of its variants , was the most commonly used longarm in the American Civil War , with over 700 , 000 manufactured . The Model 1863 also has the distinction of being the last muzzle loading longarm produced by the Springfield Armory . The Model 1863 was produced in two variants . The Type I eliminated the band springs and replaced the flat barrel bands with oval clamping bands . It also featured a new ramrod , a case - hardened lock , a new hammer , and a redesigned bolster ( percussion chamber ) . Several of these modifications were based upon Colt ' s contract model 1861 , known as the " Colt special " . 273 , 265 Type I variants were manufactured in 1863 . The Type II is sometimes referred to as the Model 1864 , but is more commonly referred to as just a variant of the Model 1863 . This version re - introduced band springs , replaced the clamping bands with solid oval bands , and replaced the three leaf rear sight with single leaf sight . A total of 255 , 040 of these were manufactured from 1864 to 1865 . By the end of the Civil War , muzzle loading rifles and muskets were considered to be obsolete . In the years following the Civil War , many Model 1863 muskets were converted into breech loading " Trapdoor Springfields " . The breech loading weapons increased the rate of fire from 3 to 4 rounds per minute to 8 to 10 rounds per minute . The Model 1863 could be converted to breech loading for about $ 5 , at a time when a new rifle would cost about $ 20 . The conversion of Model 1863 rifles therefore represented a significant cost savings to the U . S . military .
David R . Hogg Lieutenant General David R . Hogg is an United States Army officer . He currently serves as United States Military Representative to the NATO Military Committee ( USMILREP ) . He relieved Vice Admiral Richard K . Gallagher and assumed the assignment in 2012 . Prior to the current assignment , General Hogg served as the Commanding General of United States Army Africa ( USARAF ) from June 10 , 2010 to August 3 , 2012 . In his previous assignment , Hogg was the senior U . S . Army officer in Italy and commanded the Army component to United States Africa Command ( USAFRICOM ) . Military career . Hogg was commissioned as an Armor Officer after graduating from the United States Military Academy . His assignments include service as a tank platoon leader and executive officer , C Company , 3 - 37 Armor , 1st Infantry Division , Fort Riley , Kansas ; Delta Tank and HHC Commander in 5 - 77 Armor , 8th Infantry Division , Mannheim , Germany ; Company / Team Observer - Controller at the National Training Center , Fort Irwin , California ; Battalion Commander , 2 - 37 Armor ( Iron Dukes ) , 1st Armored Division , Friedberg , Germany ; Commander , 2nd Brigade Combat Team ( Warhorse ) , 4th Infantry Division , Fort Hood , Texas ( OIF 1 ) ; Commander , Operations Group , Fort Irwin , California ; Assistant Division Commander - Support , 1st Armored Division , Baumholder , Germany ; Commanding General , 7th U . S . Army , Joint Multinational Training Command ( JMTC ) . Hogg was previously the Deputy Commanding General , Combined Security Transition Command – Afghanistan . Hogg is a graduate of the Armor Officer Basic and Advanced Courses , Airborne and Ranger Schools , Combined Arms and Services Staff School , US Army Command and General Staff College , School of Advanced Strategic Arts program , and United States Army War College . He holds a Master ’ s degree in Military Arts and Science and in National Security Strategy . Hogg ’ s awards include the Legion of Merit , Bronze Star Medal with “ V ” device , Defense Meritorious Service Medal and Army Meritorious Service Medal , Kosovo Campaign Medal , NATO Medal , and Combat Action Badge . Unit awards include the Valorous Unit Award , Joint Meritorious Unit award , and the Army Superior Unit award .
Short Admiralty Type 166 The Short Type 166 was a 1910s British two - seat reconnaissance , bombing and torpedo carrying folder seaplane , designed by Short Brothers . Development . The Short Type 166 was designed as a ' folder ' aircraft to operate from the Ark Royal as a torpedo - bomber . Six aircraft , known within Shorts as the " Type A " , were originally ordered before the outbreak of World War I , and were assigned the Admiralty serial numbers 161 to 166 . As was normal at the time , the type was designated the Admiralty Type 166 , after the naval serial number of the last aircraft in the batch . Sometimes , the aircraft are referred to as the Short S . 90 ( S . 90 was the manufacturer ' s serial number of the first aircraft , naval serial 161 ) . The " Type 166 " was similar to the earlier Short Type 136 , but slightly larger , and was designed from the start as a torpedo carrier , although it was never used in that rôle . Design . The " Type 166 " was a two - bay biplane with twin wooden pontoon floats , with a water rudder fitted to the tail float , plus a stabilizing float mounted near the wing - tip under each lower wing . It was powered by a nose - mounted 200 hp ( 149 kW ) Salmson engine . A follow - on order for 20 aircraft was assembled by Westland Aircraft at its Yeovil factory . The Westland built aircraft did not have provision for a torpedo , but could carry three 112 lb bombs , and were fitted to carry radio equipment . There was also a Lewis gun , that was operated by the observer in the rear cockpit .
Swiss Campaign to Ban Landmines The Swiss Campaign to Ban Landmines ( the Swiss Campaign or SCBL ) is a member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines ( ICBL ) . It is an umbrella organisation composed of about 50 Swiss NGOs gathered around the common objective of banning antipersonnel landmines and similar indiscriminate weapons ( such as cluster munitions or anti - vehicle landmines ) . At the national level , the Swiss Campaign to Ban Landmines successfully advocated in favor of a national ban of antipersonnel landmines and of Switzerland ’ s signature and ratification of the Ottawa Treaty in 1995 - 1997 . Within the ICBL , the Swiss Campaign was a member of the " Non State Actors Working Group " , which it co - chaired until the end of 2004 . Activities . The Swiss Campaign has also participated in the creation of Geneva Call , which primarily aims at engaging armed non - state actor s in a total ban of antipersonnel landmines . Moreover , the Swiss Campaign has supported the creation of other national campaigns of the ICBL , such as the " Nepal Campaign to Ban Landmines " and more recently , the " Turkish Campaign to Ban Landmines " . Both these organisations are now independent members of the ICBL . The Swiss Campaign is also a member of the Cluster Munition Coalition and supports current efforts to ban cluster munitions . Gender and Mine Action Programme . Because mine action programmes and activities do not equally benefit women and men , the SCBL launched a Gender and Mine Action Programme ( GMAP ) in December 2006 . This programme encourages and supports the mine action sector to mainstream gender through its policy , programming and operations . The programme today constitutes the main component of the Swiss Campaign ' s work . The general objective of GMAP is to contribute to the reduction of suffering faced by women , men , girls and boys as landmine victims , survivors , families and members of affected communities . This complements current efforts within the United Nations system to integrate a gender perspective throughout mine action projects . GMAP intends to improve mine action effectiveness by increasing awareness on gender and mine action amongst mine action organisations , women ' s grassroots organisations and other stakeholder s . The GMAP is co - located with the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining in their offices in Geneva , Switzerland .
HMS Aurora ( F10 ) HMS " Aurora " ( F10 ) was a " Leander " - class frigate of the Royal Navy ( RN ) . Like other ships of the class , " Aurora " was named after a figure of mythology , Aurora being the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Eos . History . HMS " Aurora " was built by John Brown & Company , shipbuilders of Clydebank , Scotland . " Aurora " was launched on 28 November 1962 and commissioned on 9 April 1964 . " Aurora " became the leader of the 2nd Frigate Squadron in 1964 . In 1972 , during the Second Cod War , " Aurora " came to the aid of an Icelandic fishing vessel that had caught fire , rescuing its crew in the process . Soon after this incident , " Aurora " underwent modernisation which included the addition of the Ikara anti - submarine warfare ( ASW ) missile launcher that in effect changed the Batch One ships , of which " Aurora " was part of , into a specialised ASW batch rather than its original role as a general purpose batch . The modernisation was completed in 1976 . In 1978 , " Aurora " joined the Fishery Protection Squadron , undertaking patrols and other duties in support of British fishing interests around the UK . She remained with the squadron until she was eventually transferred to the 7th Frigate Squadron which was stationed in the Far East , just as the RN ' s presence in that region was steadily dwindling . Further duties were undertook by " Aurora " across the world , but in 1987 , due to defence cuts , as well as manpower shortages , a common problem for the RN at that time , " Aurora " was decommissioned .
Maruli Marulis was the Catepan of Italy from 1061 to 1062 . He was the first recorded holder of that title since the disappearance of Argyrus in 1057 . He went to Bari in 1061 at the request of Constantine X Ducas , the last Byzantine emperor who took an interest in recovering ground in Italy , but he was forced to take the defensive immediately . He was succeeded by Sirianus .
John Harold Rhodes John Harold Rhodes VC DCM & Bar ( 17 May 1891 – 27 November 1917 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Rhodes was born in Packmoor , Stoke On Trent , Staffordshire , son of ex - soldier and miner Ernie Rhodes . He was educated in Newchapel and later became a miner at the Chatterly Whitfield Colliery . Around 1910 , however , he joined the Grenadier Guards and served for three years , after which he returned to the colliery . On the outbreak of World War I John was recalled to the forces as a reservist . Now 26 years old , and a Lance - Sergeant in the 3rd Battalion , Grenadier Guards , British Army during the First World War John won the Distinguished Conduct Medal on 17 May 1915 and three months later was awarded a bar to this medal . While back in England recovering from his wounds , John married but was not destined to live to see the resulting child . Back on the front - line , the following deed took place at the Battle of Poelcapelle for which John was awarded the VC and also the Croix De Guerre : He was killed in action , Fontaine Notre Dame , France , on 27 November 1917 and buried at Rocquigny - Equancourt Road British Cemetery , Manancourt . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Guards Regimental Headquarters ( Grenadier Guards RHQ ) in London , England . A memorial plaque was unveiled at Chatterley Whitfield Mining Museum on 20 April 1984 . There is also a road named in honour of John at nearby Tunstall . There is a memorial in Packmoor village on the Millennium green outside Packmoor School which was unveiled in 2000 .
AN / MRN - 3 The AN / MRN - 3 was a marker beacon set used by the Army Air Force during and after World War II , it was standardized 23 October 1943 , and replaced SCR - 241 . Use . Each system requires three marker beacon sets , one to be located in the airport runway boundary , one at approximately one mile from the approach end of the runway , and one 4 . 5 miles from the approach end of the runway , all on the center line of the runway to be used . The equipment transmits a vertical pattern to be received by the RC - 43 , RC - 193 , or AN / ARN - 8 , AN / ARN - 12 . A signal , amplitude modulated at 1 , 300 cycles per second , may be keyed at two dashes per second , six dots per second , or may be unkeyed . The marker beacon transmitter projects a vertical fan - shaped pattern to a height of approximately 3 , 000 feet . The transmitter is placed so that the longer horizontal axis is perpendicular to the line of approach . Components . The beacon set is mounted in a jeep ( Willys MB ) and consists of
603d Bombardment Squadron The 603d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 398th Bombardment Group , stationed at Drew Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 1 September 1945 . History . Activated in early 1943 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron , the 603d trained under II Bomber Command . It was deployed to England in November 1943 , assigned to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) VIII Bomber Command as a strategic bombardment squadron . The unit participated in the air offensive over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until the German capitulation in May 1945 . Following the war , the unit ' s personnel demobilized in England and returned to the United States . The squadron was reassigned to the Third Air Force , Continental Air Forces for reorganization , but Japanese capitulation in August 1945 led to inactivation shortly thereafter .
Shōryūji Castle History . This castle was constructed in 1339 by Hosokawa Yoriharu , a major samurai commander under Ashikaga Takauji , the founder of the Ashikaga shogunate . The area around the castle is a strategic foothold to defend Kyoto , the capital of Japan at that time , from western threats . During the Ōnin War , this castle was used as a castle of the western alliance and became occupied by Iwanari Tomomichi , a daimyō of the Miyoshi clan , during the Sengoku period . The castle fell to Oda Nobunaga in 1568 , and was given to Hosokawa Tadaoki , who occupied it until 1579 . At the battle of Yamazaki between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Akechi Mitsuhide , about one week after Mitsuhide killed Nobunaga , this castle was used as Mitsuhide ’ s headquarters .
John Trevanion John Trevanion ( 1613 – 1643 ) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England from 1640 to 1643 . He was a royalist officer who was killed in action in the English Civil War . Trevanion was the son of Charles Trevanion of Caerhayes in Cornwall and his wife Amia Mallet . Trevanion was a Member of Parliament , representing the Cornish boroughs of Grampound in the Short Parliament in 1640 and Lostwithiel in the Long Parliament from 1640 until his death in action at the siege of Bristol . A seventeenth - century ode relating to four Cornish commanders included the distich : They did not all fall at the same time , nor in the same place , but all four were killed in the year 1643 . Slanning and Trevanion were slain at the siege of Bristol ; Sir Bevil Grenville fell at the Battle of Lansdowne near Bath , where an obelisk has been erected to his memory ; and Sir Sidney Godolphin was shot in the porch of the Globe lnn at Chagford in Devon . Trevanion married Mary Arundell , youngest daughter of Royalist John Arundell of Trerice , and sister of Richard Arundell , 1st Baron Arundell of Trerice and had a son Charles , who was successor to his grandfather . References .
USNS Maumee ( T - AO - 149 ) USNS " Maumee " ( T - AO - 149 ) , later T - AOT - 149 , was a United States Navy " Maumee " - class oiler , later transport oiler , in non - commissioned service with the Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) , later Military Sealift Command , from 1956 until probably the mid - 1980s . " Maumee " , the fourth U . S . Navy ship to bear the name , was laid down at Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company at Chester , Pennsylvania , on 18 March 1955 and launched on 15 November 1955 , sponsored by Mrs . Lloyd Harrison . She entered non - commissioned U . S . Navy service under the control of the Military Sea Transportation Service , later the Military Sealift Command , with a primarily civilian crew on 17 December 1956 . " Maumee " was the lead unit of her new " super tanker " class and the first vessel in naval history to be launched as a United States Naval Ship ( USNS ) , intended for non - commissioned U . S . Navy service with a civilian crew . Built along commercial tanker lines specifically for MSTS duty , " Maumee " , following her completion , was turned over to Marine Transport Lines to operate for MSTS as a civilian - manned ship under a long ‑ term consecutive ‑ voyage charter . By 1958 she had begun her first prolonged duty in the Pacific . Her role was point ‑ to ‑ point delivery of bulk petroleum in support of the U . S . armed forces in the Pacific area . From 1968 to 1971 , the ship was also used in the Navy ' s " Operation Deep Freeze II " where it was used to transport fuel supplies to McMurdo Sound ( South Pole ) . It was the largest ship to visit Antarctica , and was led into the ice pack by ice breakers . She eventually was reclassified as a " transport oiler " , resulting her redesignation from " T - AO - 149 " ( as an oiler ) to " T - AOT - 149 " ( as a transport oiler ) . " Maumee " was placed out of service at an unrecorded date , probably in the mid - 1980s . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register , also at an unrecorded date , and was transferred to the Maritime Administration on 23 December 1994 to be laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Beaumont , Texas . She was sold for scrapping on 9 November 2006 to ESCO Marine of Brownsville , Texas . and departed the National Defense Reserve Fleet , Beaumont Group , on 23 January 2007 for scrapping by ESCO Marine .
Darel McKinney Darel McKinney served in the United States Marine Corps during World War I . He would be awarded the Navy Cross and Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Battle of Belleau Wood . His Navy Cross citation reads : His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads : McKinney was born in Milwaukee , Wisconsin .
Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace The Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace ( CPJP ) is a rebel group in the , which was involved in fighting in the Central African Republic Bush War starting in 2004 . On June 12 , 2011 , the CPJP signed a ceasefire with the government of CAR . Later , however , the CPJP joined the Séléka alliance which overthrew president François Bozizé in March 2013 . 2012 Peace Agreement . On August 25 , 2012 the CPJP , represented by Abdoulaye Issène , signed a peace agreement with the government following up on the 2011 ceasefire . Fundamental CPJP . A faction of the CPJP rejected the peace agreement and split off under the leadership of Hassan Al Habib . It goes by the name of " Fundamental CPJP . " On September 15 the group attacked the towns of Sibut , Damara and Dekoa , which was the beginning of the 2012 Central African Republic rebellion .
PNS Shifa The Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa or PNS Shifa is a technologically advanced Naval medical treatment facility / hospital . Located on Defence Housing Scoiety in Karachi , Sindh Province , the hospital a major and integral role in the History of Karachi . The PNS Shifa was established in 1953 by the United States Navy Medical Officers when the United States Navy first visited the country . In 1956 , it was given the commissioned in the naval services of Pakistan Navy . In 1970 , it was re - designed by the Pakistan Naval Engineering Branch , under the project codename Medical Assistant Training School . The name of Pakistan Navy Nursing School was conceived in 1982 when the Female Nursing Cadets and Armed Forces Nursing Services ( AFNS ) trainee officer were also attached for various professional courses . The P . N . S . Shifa is a 700 - bed hospital , established in 1956 .
The Death of Smail - aga Čengić The Death of Smail - aga Čengić ( ) is an epic poem by Ivan Mažuranić published around 1846 . It is based on the real events of Smail - aga Čengić , an Ottoman army general ( aga ) who is famous for his bravery , but disparaged for his truculence ; the main motif is his death , happening after he engages in a battle against the Herzegovinian Montenegrins . The poem was initially ordered by Dimitrija Demeter , and is set in 1840 . It is divided in 5 sections and contains exactly " 1134 " verse s . Quotes . " Ljutit aga mrko gledaGdje se silom divit mora < br > Silan arslan gorskom mišu . " " The angry aga glumly glancesAs he , the mighty lion , is forcedTo admire the mountain mouse . "
Camp Phoenix Camp Phoenix is a NATO military installation in Afghanistan , maintained by the United States Army . It is located in Kabul , about six miles from the Kabul International Airport ( KBL ) . Camp Phoenix is administered by the 226th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade ( United States ) , Alabama Army National Guard .
Staff ride The staff ride originated in the mid 19th Century with the German general and theorist Helmuth von Moltke the Elder , who saw it as a way to train general staff officer s on key military and strategic concepts . Eben Swift may be properly seen as the father of the American Army staff ride . As the assistant commandant of the General Service and Staff School ( today ' s Command and General Staff College ) , Major Swift led a group of twelve students on a staff ride to the Civil War battlefield of Chickamauga in 1906 . Since that time , army schools have used staff rides to enhance professional military education and training . It began at CGSC and has continued at the War College and the various officer schools ; however , staff riding is not limited to officers . Indeed , Non - commissioned officer s , too , find the process useful to understand higher level decision - making , military tactic s , and leadership ; they also benefit from a historical view of training . A staff ride differs from a guided battlefield tour : A properly conducted staff ride consists of three phases :
Herbert Gundelach Herbert Gundelach ( 1899 – 1971 ) was a German general during the Second World War . Biography . On 15 June 1899 , Herbert Gundelach was born in Metz , Alsace - Lorraine . Gundelach joined the German Army straight from school . After the war , Gundelach made a brilliant military career in the Reichswehr , which was limited to a standing army of 100 000 men , and then in the Heer , the regular German army . During the Second World War , Herbert Gundelach participated in many significant military operations . From 1939 to 1941 , Lieutenant Colonel Gundelach was appointed as General Generalstabsoffizier in the 16th Infantry Division . The 16 . Infanterie - Division fought in the campaign against the Balkans in April , 1941 , and then later as a part of the southern sector of the Eastern Front in June , 1941 . From February to October 1944 , Gundelach was Chief of the General Staff of the XXVIII . Armeekorps . Herbert Gundelach eventually obtained the rank of Generalmajor . He ended the war in captivity , surrendering to the Allies in 1945 . Herbert Gundelach died in 1971 .