naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Suicide weapon A suicide weapon is a weapon or object that is used in a suicide attack . In a strict sense , a suicide weapon is a weapon specially designed for a suicide attack , typically based on explosives . On average the use of suicide weapons is connected with some form of fanaticism , usually nationalistic or religious . History . Suicide weapons have been used both in conventional warfare , as well as in terrorism . The Pacific War of World War II bore witness to the Japanese Kamikaze suicide attack pilots . Late in the war , as the tide turned against Japan , Kamikaze pilots were deployed to attempt to crash their aircraft into American ships in the Pacific . The Japanese even developed specialized aircraft for the tactic , such as the Yokosuka Ohka flying bomb . A successful Kamikaze attack would both kill the plane ' s pilot and sink the target ship . Related tactics included the Kaiten suicide minisub , a human torpedo which a single Japanese pilot would steer into an Allied ship . Certain aircraft built or projected for the " Luftwaffe " during the time of the Allied bombing before the surrender of Nazi Germany in World War II , such as the Bachem Ba 349 , " Fliegende Panzerfaust " , Sombold So 344 , Zeppelin Rammer or the Blohm & Voss BV 40 are sometimes listed as suicide weapons . However , they were not intended as such , even though the chances of survival would have been very limited for the pilots of such dangerous artifacts . In those dire years Nazi authorities even considered to use " selbstopfer " ( suicide ) planes such as the Messerschmitt Me 328 and the Fieseler 103 . During the Cold War , it was argued that the doctrine of mutual assured destruction turned nuclear weapon s into suicide weapons . The idea of a Doomsday weapon took this to its logical extreme . Political groups using suicide weapons in the post - Cold War era include mainly outfits affiliated to Islamic terrorism , among which even children have been used in order to escape detection when carrying out suicide attacks . However , non - Islamic groups , such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam , also have been prone to use suicide weapons . Today , the most common suicide weapons used to carry out terrorist attacks are car bomb s or truck bombs , as well as antipersonnel bombs carried by a single person . Suicide bombers strap explosives , often covered with nails , screws , or other items intended to act as fragments , to their bodies or otherwise carry them into populated areas and detonate them . The Tamil Tigers of Sri Lanka are known for having made high - profile use of this method in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi . Similar methods have been also used by Palestinian terrorist groups in the Israeli - Palestinian conflict , among others . Kamikaze attacks were mimicked in the September 11 , 2001 attacks , in which a group of mostly Saudi terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center and part of The Pentagon by flying hijacked civilian aircraft into them . It was the first time in history that civil airliners filled with fuel were used as a weapon against civilian targets of such magnitude .
Battle of Masoller The Battle of Masoller , which occurred on September 1 , 1904 , was the final battle of the intermittent Uruguayan Civil War which marked much of 19th century Uruguay , resulting in the victory of the Colorado forces . Location and historical background . Masoller is a locality in northern Uruguay , situated close to the border with Brazil . The proximity of the Brazilian border proved significant for the outcome of the battle , because the defeated Blanco general , Aparicio Saravia , retired injured from the battle and fled to Brazil . The victorious Colorado forces were reluctant to pursue the injured leader of the Blanco forces because they resolved to keep the conflict within Uruguay ' s borders and avoid an incident with the Brazilian Government . Saravia died of wounds in Brazil on September 10 , 1904 . The Battle of Masoller also marked the political consolidation of the Presidency of the liberal José Batlle y Ordóñez , and more broadly of the Colorado Party . Feature in work by Jorge Luis Borges . This battle figures in " La otra muerte " , a short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges , in his collection " El aleph " . The story concerns a certain Pedro Damián , whose personal history initially appears to have been one of a coward who fled the cannon fire at the Battle of Masoller , to survive as a virtual hermit until his death nearly forty years later . During the course of the story , however , the narrator finds that this same history has somehow spontaneously converted into the tale of a hero who died at the head of the charge in the same Battle of Masoller in 1904 : the underlying idea of Borges is that personal and historical memory is complex , a theme upon which Colorado leader and writer Pedro Bordaberry has recently expanded . " La otra muerte " addresses the relationship between the present and history and the question of how a single event can change , or be perceived to change , an infinite number of destinies , Characteristically , Borges chose for this story a military event ubiquitously interpreted as determining the course of twentieth - century Uruguay . In standard historical interpretations , Uruguay ' s unique stature in Latin America as a middle - class welfare state owes largely to the initiatives of Battle y Ordoñez and his Colorado party .
Marcus Joseph Wright Marcus Joseph Wright ( June 5 , 1831 – December 27 , 1922 ) was a lawyer , author , and a Confederate general in the American Civil War . He was agent for collection of Confederate records for " War of the Rebellion : Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies , " a U . S . War Department publication . Early life . Wright was born in Purdy , Tennessee . He was admitted to the bar , and practiced at Memphis . He was clerk of the common law and chancery court . He was lieutenant colonel of a Tennessee militia regiment designated the 154th Tennessee militia regiment . Civil War . Wright ' s militia regiment was mustered into Confederate States Army service as the 154th Senior Tennessee Infantry . In 1861 , Wright was ordered to establish a fortification at Randolph , Tennessee , on the Mississippi River . Fort Wright was Tennessee ' s first military training camp in the Civil War and is named after Marcus Joseph Wright . Later in the war Wright was the Confederate military governor of Columbus , Kentucky , from February 1862 until its evacuation , and with his regiment was present at Belmont and Shiloh , where he was wounded . He served on the staff of Maj . Gen . Benjamin F . Cheatham during General Braxton Bragg ' s invasion of Kentucky where he fought at the Battle of Perryville . Wright was promoted to brigadier general on December 13 , 1862 , and fought in the Tullahoma campaign at Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge . In 1863 - 64 he was in charge of the district of Atlanta . After the evacuation of the city he commanded at Macon . At the end of the war , he commanded the District of North Mississippi and West Tennessee . He was paroled May 19 , 1865 at Grenada , Mississippi . Postbellum career . After the war , Wright returned to the practice of law at Memphis and for a time was assistant purser of the United States Navy Yard . He became the editor of the Columbia , Tennessee , " Journal " . Wright later moved to Washington , D . C . to practice law . After 1878 Wright was agent of the United States War Department for collecting Confederate military records . He worked on this project until June 1917 . He published numerous magazine articles and several books , including : Wright died in Washington , D . C . on December 27 , 1922 , and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , one of only two former Confederate generals there ( the other being Joseph Wheeler ) .
Claude V . Ricketts Claude Vernon Ricketts ( February 23 , 1906 - July 6 , 1964 ) was a four star Admiral in the United States Navy , who served as the Vice Chief of Naval Operations from 1961 to 1964 . Biography . Originally enlisted in the Navy , Ricketts attended the United States Naval Academy and became an officer upon his graduation in 1929 . As a lieutenant , he was the gunnery officer on board the during the attack on Pearl Harbor . In addition to his duties with the anti - aircraft battery , he helped attend the dying captain , assisted in counter - flooding the ship after it heeled over from six torpedoes and assisted in fire fighting . He was awarded with Legion of Merit and Navy Commendation Medal for his service in World War II . Ricketts commanded during 1955 . In July 1952 he became Head , Amphibious Warfare Branch in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under command of Admiral William Fechteler . He later became commander of the Second Fleet and then assumed duties as the vice chief of naval operations in September 1961 . He succeeded admiral James Sargent Russell in this capacity . Admiral Claude Vernon Ricketts died of massive heart attack on July 6 , 1964 , while still in Office . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for his service as Vice Chief of Naval Operations . The was named for him , as is Ricketts Hall at the Naval Academy . Claude ' s son Rear Admiral Myron Ricketts , USN Ret . designed and engineered many ships . Decorations . Here is the ribbon bar of Admiral Claude V . Ricketts :
Friedrichshafen FF . 48 The Friedrichshafen FF . 48 was a German two - seat floatplane fighter of the 1910s produced by Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen . Development and design . The FF . 48 , along with the smaller single - seat FF . 43 , was designed for defence of the floatplane bases , it was a biplane powered by a Maybach IV inline piston engine . The pilot and observer each had control of one 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) machine gun . Only three aircraft were built .
Richard Hamilton ( Medal of Honor ) Richard Hamilton ( January 23 , 1836 – January 20 , 1881 ) , a naval coal heaver , received the Medal of Honor for bravery for his participation in the sinking of the CSS " Albemarle " during the American Civil War . Biography . Hamilton , a native of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , was taken prisoner after the action on the Roanoke River for which he would later be honored . He survived the war and died in Camden , New Jersey on July 6 , 1881 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coal Heaver , U . S . Navy . Born : 1836 , Philadelphia , Pa . Accredited to : Pennsylvania G . O . No . : 45 , December 31 , 1864 . Citation : Hamilton served on board the U . S . Picket Boat No . 1 , in action , 27 October 1864 , against the Confederate ram " Albemarle " which had resisted repeated attacks by our steamers and had kept a large force of vessels employed in watching her . The picket boat , equipped with a spar torpedo , succeeded in passing the enemy pickets within 20 yards without being discovered and then made for the Albemarle under a full head of steam . Immediately taken under fire by the ram , the small boat plunged on , jumped the log boom which encircled the target and exploded its torpedo under the port bow of the ram . The picket boat was destroyed by enemy fire and almost the entire crew taken prisoner or lost .
United States Army Services of Supply The Services Of Supply or " SOS " branch of the Army of the USA was created on 28 February 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 " Reorganizing the Army and the War Department " and War Department Circular No . 59 , dated 2 March 1942 . Services of Supply became one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States on 9 March 1942 . It was renamed the Army Service Forces on 12 March 1943 , as it was felt that the term " supply " did not accurately describe its broad range of activities . Most theatres of war had their own logistical organisation , usually also named the Services of Supply . There was a Services of Supply logistical organisation in North Africa and later Italy which was renamed the Communications Zone in September 1944 . Southwest Pacific Area . United States Army Services of Supply , Southwest Pacific Area ( USASOS SWPA ) in the South West Pacific Area were a direct outgrowth of the U . S . Army Forces in Australia ( USAFIA ) formed from command elements arriving in Australia with the Pensacola Convoy . They were commanded by Brigadier General Richard J . Marshall , and later Brigadier General J . L . Frink from September 1943 . They were abolished in April 1945 , and absorbed into Army Forces , Western Pacific ( AFWESPAC ) . European Theater . The Services of Supply , European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , were established in England on 24 May 1942 under the command of Major General John C . H . Lee . Almost two years of build up followed , supporting the North African Campaign and eventually the Invasion of Normandy . The command was redesignated COMZ ( Communications Zone ) after the 6 June 1944 invasion . Within COMZ was ADSEC ( The Advance Section , Communications Zone ) and FECOMZ ( Forward Echelon , Communications Zone ) .
Emil Sembach Emil Sembach ( April 2 , 1891 – July 1 , 1934 ) was an SS - " Oberführer " ( Senior Colonel ) attached to the SS headquarters of Silesia . Sembach was born near Greinburg , Lower Austria . In 1934 , after being caught by Reinhard Heydrich ' s " Sicherheitsdienst " ( SD ) , for embezzlement and also for having a homosexual relationship with Kurt Wittje , he was expelled from the party and the SS . Fearing for his life he asked Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick for protection , but his protection could not save him when on the Night of the Long Knives Sembach was arrested on the orders of his rival Udo von Woyrsch , and the next day under the command of SS - " Hauptsturmführer " ( Captain ) Paul Exner , Sembach was taken to the mountains at Oels and executed on the orders of Von Woyrsch .
Tor di Nona The Tor di Nona — now a small area in Rome ' s " Rione V " called " Ponte " , which lies in the heart of the city ' s historic center , between the " via dei Coronari " and the Tiber — commemorates a mediaeval tower which stood there . As the Torre dell ' Annona it was a medieval stronghold of the Orsini and from the early 15th century , acted as a pontifical prison . Prisoners included Benevenuto Cellini who experienced the dungeon ' s lightless cells , one of which was known as " the pit " , and Giordano Bruno who was imprisoned here before being burned alive in Campo de ' Fiori . When the New Prison ( " " Le Carceri nuove " " ) was built in " via Giulia " , Tor di Nona was rebuilt in 1667 as a theatre patronized by Queen Christina of Sweden and the best Roman company . In January 1671 Rome ' s first public theatre opened in the former jail . Filippo Acciaiuoli was the first director . The new pope Clement X worried about the influence of theatre on public morals . When Innocent XI became pope , things turned even worse ; he made Christina ' s theatre into a storeroom for grain , although he had been a frequent guest in her royal box with the other cardinals . He forbade women to perform with song or acting , and the wearing of decolleté dresses . Christina considered this sheer nonsense , and let women perform in her palace . There are many perhaps unexecuted drawings for it by Carlo Fontana , bound in an album which passed into the hands of Scottish architect Robert Adam , now at Sir John Soane ' s Museum , London ( " Concise Catalogue " ) . The theater suffered the fires and rebuildings that theaters are prone to , and was finally swept away when the embankments of the Tiber ( " lungoteveri " ) were built in 1888 ; this section was named " Lungotevere Tor di Nona " . A free - standing white marble fountain ( 1925 ) memorializes the theater in its late - 18th century transformation as the Teatro Apollo , with suitable theatrical masks , and a small trickle of water into a massive sarcophagus , in the somewhat theatrical classical style of Vittorio Emmanuele III and Benito Mussolini . As the Teatro Apollo , the largest lyric theater of Rome , the site witnessed the Roman premieres of two operas of Giuseppe Verdi , " Il Trovatore " and " Un Ballo in Maschera " . Now nothing is left of the original tower nor of the theatre but their name , though Teatro Tor di Nona is a going concern in " via degli Acquasparta " , presenting works by Luigi Pirandello and contemporary theater . The quarter was part of a development plan in the forties as part of the fascist demolition strategy in Rome . As in Borgo and Via Giulia , this work was halted by World War II . In the postwar years , although the population had already left the quarter , a strong press campaign saved Tor di Nona from destruction . From that time until the present , the centre of Rome has been protected against further destruction . During the last years of World War II , the Roman " mercato nero " ( black market ) was located in the Tor di Nona quarter .
HMS Princess Amelia ( 1757 ) HMS " Princess Amelia " was an 80 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Woolwich Dockyard to the draught specified by the 1745 Establishment , and launched on 7 March 1757 . " Princess Amelia " was lent to the Board of Customs in November 1788 , and she was eventually sold for breaking up in 1818 .
Overwatch Battle Group ( West ) Overwatch Battle Group ( West ) was an Australian Army battlegroup that represented Australia ' s largest contribution to the Multinational force in Iraq . The Battle Group was established in July 2006 and was based at Tallil Airbase in Dhi Qar Governorate . As the Labor Party led by Kevin Rudd pledged in the 2007 election , Australian combat forces began withdrawing from Iraq on 1 June 2008 . and the Overwatch Battle Group ( West ) and Australian Army Training Team formally ceased combat operations on the 2 June 2008 . No Australian military personnel were killed in the course of the deployment , during which the Australian contingent helped train 33 , 000 Iraqi soldiers . Approximately 200 Australian personnel will remain in Iraq on logistical and air surveillance duties . Role . Overwatch Battle Group ( West ) ' s main role was to provide support to Iraqi Security Forces in a crisis if requested by the Iraqi Government and the Multi - National Force - Iraq . Whilst it was never called upon to act in this role , the Battle Group did conduct combat and security operations within the cities of An Nasiriyah and As Samawah , the provincial capitals of Dhi Qar and Al Muthana respectively , extensive patrolling within rural areas and on Main Supply Route s ( MSR ' s ) to counter the indirect fire and improvised explosive device threat , training and mentoring of the Iraqi Army and Police , support to strike operations undertaken by United States Special Forces , and construction and re - construction work . The Battle Group ' s training team was responsible for providing basic training to Iraqi Army personnel at the Basic Training Centre in Tallil . Upon its formation Overwatch Battle Group ( West ) consisted of units which were previously assigned to the third , and final , rotation of the Al Muthanna Task Group . The Battle Group formed part of Multi - National Division ( South - East ) . An additional 38 personnel and four Bushmaster infantry mobility vehicles were deployed in late 2006 to increase the size of the force to over 500 soldiers supported by 40 ASLAV s and 19 Bushmasters . . On 26 September 2006 OBG ( W ) 1 was involved in the Battle of Al Rumaythah . During the period 23 – 24 April 2007 , OBG ( W ) 2 was involved in the Battle of Route Bismarck .
Battle of Ane The Battle of Ane ( Dutch Low Saxon : " Slag bi ' j Aone " ) , ( Dutch : " Slag bij Ane " ) , was fought in 1227 between Otto II of Lippe , Bishop of Utrecht , and Rudolf II van Coevorden with his army of Drenths . Background . From the middle of the 11th century the Bishops of Utrecht were given the lands of Groningen , Overijssel and Drenthe as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor . The inhabitants of Drenthe were unhappy about their rights and taxation of the Bishop of Utrecht . The local lords of the Drenthe city of Coevorden , though nominally under the authority of the Bishop , began to oppose him . The battle . On 28 July 1227 the armies of the Bishop of Utrecht Otto II of Lippe and a large group of rebellious Drenths led by Rudolph of Coevorden met on a field near the present - day village of Ane . The Bishop had traveled to this area to call the rebellious province of Drenthe to order , and he had called up many of his warlords to support him together with a couple of warbands supplied by the Bishops of Munster and Cologne . The Drenths knew that they did not stand a chance if they faced this army in the field , and they managed to lure the Bishopric army into an area with soft and swampy ground called the Mommenriete . The horses of the Bishop ’ s army sank into the ground , and the knights with their heavy armour were unable to fight effectively because of this . The Drenthe rebel army was light , and was used to fighting on this kind of ground . This kind of fighting where armoured knights were beaten by light forces because of the soft ground bears many resemblances to the Battle of the Golden Spurs in Flanders in 1302 . The Drenthe rebels managed to beat the Bishop ' s forces , and killed most of it including the Bishop Otto II of Lippe , and many of his supporting warlords . Otto ’ s successor , Wilbrand of Oldenburg , roused the Frisian people into supporting him against the rebellious Drenths which led to the Friso - Drentic War in 1231 - 1233 that was initially won by the Drenths . In 1233 , Wilbrand ' s successor Otto III van Holland succeeded in suppressing the rebellion by mustering a large army . As a pennance the Drenths had to build and maintain a monastery , Sancta Maria de Campe ( Mariënkamp ) near Coevorden . The location proved to be unsuitable and the monastery was moved to a place near Rolde around 1258 . The monastery later grew out to become the city of Assen , the present day capital of the province of Drenthe . In 1967 a monument was erected near Ane to commemorate this battle . It has an inscription in Zuud - Drèents : " Slag bi ' j Aone , 28 juli 1227 , zie vocht ' n ok veur oenze vri ' jheid . " ( " Battle of Ane , 28 july 1227 , they also fought for our freedom " . )
Military Secretary ( Sri Lanka ) Military Secretary is a senior position in the General Staff of the Sri Lanka Army , the post is a head by a senior officer of the Major General rank . The " Military Secretary ' s Branch " is responsible for handling all matters pertaining to officers such as promotions , postings and discipline of the Sri Lanka Army . The current Military Secretary is Maj Gen S Ranasinghe RWP RSP ndu psc
French ship Alcide ( 1742 ) Alcide was a 64 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , launched in 1742 . The captain of the vessel was Toussaint Hocquart , for the re - enforcement campaign that was sent to Canada in May 1755 . On 8 June 1755 , " Alcide " was captured by HMS " Dunkirk " and HMS " Torbay " of Vice - Admiral Edward Boscawen ' s squadron , and commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1757 as the Third rate HMS " Alcide " . HMS " Alcide " was sold out of the navy in May 1772 .
Spartan Scout Spartan Scout , an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration , is a crewless surface watercraft , also known as an unmanned surface vehicle ( USV ) developed by the United States in 2001 , and first demonstrated in late 2003 . The craft , a rigid hull inflatable boat , weighs 2 tons , and is in length . It has a . 50 caliber machine gun , as well as various sensors such as electro - optical and infrared surveillance and surface search radar . The Spartan is capable of carrying a payload . According to a press release from the United States Navy , the Spartan Scout will also come in a version , capable of carrying a payload . Although a two - man boat crew is needed to deploy the Spartan Scout , once deployed it is capable of working autonomously or semi - autonomously . During its demonstration deployment , the Spartan Scout was configured for surface surveillance and force protection , although it can potentially be configured for more complex missions .