naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Louis Darquier de Pellepoix Louis Darquier , better known under his assumed name Louis Darquier de Pellepoix ( December 19 , 1897 , Cahors – August 29 , 1980 , near Málaga , Spain ) was Commissioner for Jewish Affairs under the Vichy Régime . A veteran of World War I , Darquier had been active in Fascist and antisemitic politics in France in the 1930s , being a member , at various times , of Action Française , Croix - de - Feu and Jeunesses Patriotes . On February 6 , 1934 , he was injured at the Place de la Concorde riot , and , according to the Janet Maslin , writing in " The New York Times " in 2006 , " parlayed ( his ) new status as a ' man of 6 February ' into a leadership role . " During this period he began collaborating with the noted antisemitic publisher Ulrich Fleischhauer ' s " Welt - Dienst " ( World - Service or " Service Mondial " ) organization based in Erfurt , Germany . Darquier ' s extreme views were well - publicized . In 1937 , he said , at a public meeting , " We must , with all urgency , resolve the Jewish problem , whether by expulsion , or massacre . " A British report in 1942 called him " one of the most notorious anti - semites in France " . At Nazi Germany ' s behest , he was appointed to head Vichy ' s Commissariat General aux Questions Juives ( Office for Jewish Affairs ) in May 1942 , succeeding Xavier Vallat , whom the SS in France found too moderate . Darquier ' s ascendancy to this post immediately preceded the first mass deportations of Jews from France to concentration camps . He was fired in February 1944 when , in Nicholas Fraser ' s words , " his greed and incompetence could no longer be countenanced . " He was sentenced to death " in absentia " in 1947 by the French High Court of Justice for collaboration . However , he had fled to Spain , where members of the authoritarian regime of Francisco Franco , specifically General Antonio Barroso y Sánchez - Guerra , protected him . In 1978 , a French journalist interviewed him . Among other things , Darquier declared that in Auschwitz , gas chamber s were not used to kill humans , but only lice , and that allegations of killings by this method were lies by the Jews . The interview was printed in " L ' Express " and started off an instantaneous scandal . The extradition of Darquier was considered , but was refused by Spain . The English psychiatrist Anne Darquier was his daughter by his Australian wife , Myrtle Jones . She was abandoned by her parents as a child in the 1930s when she was left with a London nanny .
Dry Deck Shelter A Dry Deck Shelter ( DDS ) is a removable module that can be attached to a submarine to allow divers easy exit and entrance while the boat is submerged . The host submarine must be specially modified to accommodate the DDS , with the appropriate mating hatch configuration , electrical connections , and piping for ventilation , divers ' air , and draining water . The United States Navy ' s DDSs are 11 . 6 meters ( 38 feet ) long by 2 . 7 meters ( 9 feet ) high and wide , add about 30 tons to its host submarine ' s submerged displacement , can be transported by trucks or C - 5 Galaxy aircraft , and require one to three days to install and test . They have three HY - 80 steel sections within the outer glass - reinforced plastic ( GRP ) fairing : a spherical hyperbaric chamber at the forward end to treat injured divers ; a smaller spherical transfer trunk ; and a cylindrical hangar with elliptical ends . The hangar can support a Swimmer Delivery Vehicle ( SDV ) , four Navy SEALs to man the SDV , and a crew of Navy Divers to operate the DDS and launch the SDV ; or 20 SEALs with four Combat Rubber Raiding Craft ( CRRC ) . The SDV release team consists of 2 officers , 2 enlisted technicians , and 18 divers . The two SEAL Delivery Vehicle Teams report to Naval Special Warfare Group THREE . There are currently six portable Dry Deck Shelters in use by the USN , the first one built by Electric Boat . The first , designated DDS - 01S ( " S " for starboard opening outer door ) , was completed in 1982 . The remaining five , DDS - 02P ( " P " for port opening ) , - 03P , - 04S , - 05S , and - 06P , were built between 1987 and 1991 and were built by Newport News Shipbuilding . The shelters are maintained by a combined effort of Navy Divers stationed on the teams and workers of the maintenance company Oceaneering . They have expected useful lives of about 40 years each . " Astute class submarines - " DDS - Capable Submarines . † can carry two DDSs < br > ‡ no longer in service All submarines will have an integral Lock - Out Trunk capable of deploying divers and their equipment . The SSGNs have been converted to be capable of attaching up to two DDSs .
Streight ' s Raid Streight ' s Raid took place from 19 April to 3 May 1863 in northern Alabama . It was led by Colonel Abel D . Streight , whose goal was to destroy parts of the Western and Atlantic railroad , which was supplying the Confederate Army of Tennessee . The raid was poorly supplied and planned , and ended with the defeat and capture of Streight and his men at Cedar Bluff , Alabama by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest . Streight was additionally hindered by locals throughout his march , while pursued by Forrest , who had the advantage of home territory and the sympathy and aid of the local populace , most famously Emma Sansom . The actual capture of Streight ' s forces was achieved by a clever ruse , when Forrest paraded his much smaller force back and forth in front of Streight , convincing Streight that he was opposed by a superior force . After surrendering and being informed of the deception Streight reputedly demanded his arms back for a proper fight , a request cheerfully declined by Forrest . This unsuccessful raid was coordinated with the more famous Grierson ' s Raid , partially as a feint to confuse the Confederate forces . Abel Streight was a book publisher in Indianapolis , Indiana . He was commissioned Colonel of the 51st Indiana Volunteer Infantry Brigade on September 4 , 1861 .
Louisville Home Guard The Louisville Home Guard was a pro - Union military unit organized early in the American Civil War in Louisville , Kentucky . The auxiliary militia served to help secure supplies of arms and weapons , as well as to patrol the streets and discourage Confederate sympathizers . The original Home Guard militia was commanded by John M . Delph , the mayor of Louisville . When the Confederate states seceded , he demanded the keys to the state magazine to secure the supply of weapons and ammunition from seizure . In the autumn of 1861 , various city militia companies were organized into a single battalion under Lovell Rousseau , but they were not formally mustered into the Union army and remained under local control . Rousseau resigned on July 10 , 1861 , to enter Federal service and raise two formal regiment s at Camp Joe Holt , including the Louisville Legion . James Speed , who would later serve as Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln , became the new commander of the Louisville Home Guard . Poorly armed and scarcely trained , the guards were mostly for show , but they did man the earthworks and entrenchments around Louisville and help keep the peace . On September 18 , 1861 , the Louisville Home Guard ( nearly 1000 - men strong under the command of Hamilton Pope ) and Rousseau ' s two regiments left the city via train . They " went off excited and exasperated , yet collected , cool , and firm , and without noise or bluster . " They subsequently marched south under the command of William T . Sherman toward Bowling Green to intercept the advancing Confederate forces of Simon Bolivar Buckner . Buckner halted in the city , and Sherman was content to monitor the larger and better organized enemy for the next three months while the Home Guards returned to Louisville . The Home Guard patrolled several roads leading southward from Louisville , as well as railroad and road bridges , which were a particular target for Confederate raiders such as John Hunt Morgan . From September 14 – 16 , 1862 , the Louisville Home Guard participated in the siege and surrender of Confederate - held Munfordsville and Woodsonville . They were part of a 4 , 000 - man force of Indiana , Kentucky , and Ohio troops , as well as part of the 18th U . S . Infantry .
5th Parachute Division ( Germany ) The 5 . Fallschirmjäger - Division ( 5th Parachute Division ) was a fallschirmjäger ( airborne ) division of the German military during the Second World War , active from 1944 to 1945 . The division was formed in France in early 1944 , commanded by Gustav Wilke . It contained the 13th , 14th and 15th Fallschirmjäger Regiments , and the 5th Fallschirmjäger Artillery Regiment . The 13th Regiment was attached to 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division in the early stages of the Battle of Normandy , with the rest of the division committed in July . It took heavy losses , and was withdrawn to the Netherlands to rebuild . After withdrawing through Germany , it was trapped in the Ruhr pocket in April 1945 and destroyed .
Arek Hersh Arek Hersh MBE is a survivor of the Holocaust . WWII . Arek Hersh was born in Sieradz , Poland and was taken to his first concentration camp when he was only eleven years old . The camp started out with 2 , 500 men , eighteen months later only 11 were alive . Arek moved around several camps before being taken to Auschwitz . Apparently , even as a young boy at the time , Arek figured that if you were placed in a group with sick , young or old people , you were going to be killed as you were of no use to the Nazis . So , before entering the camp , where Jews were lined up in queues of fitter people and weaker people , Arek bravely crossed to the fitter queue , while a commotion happened near the rear of the line ( SS officers tried to take a child from its mother ) , and in doing so , saved his own life . As the war came to a close and Germany was surrounded by the Allies , Arek and the rest of the Jews at Auschwitz were transported away across the country . He was eventually liberated at Theresienstadt ( Terezin , Czechoslovakia ) on the 8th May 1945 by the Russian Army . There were 5 , 000 Jews in his town but only 40 of them came out alive . The night before he was liberated , he and a few survivors found an empty German warehouse and from it took , as much food as they wanted , they ate so much their stomachs hurt due to the lack of rich fatty foods for so long . Arek had his first taste of chocolate in five years . The Russian soldiers let all of the surviving Jews do what ever they wanted with the Germans and Arek took the captain ' s food to show him how it felt to starve . 300 holocaust - surviving children including himself were brought to the Lake District , England when they had been liberated . They were given just 8 hours of English lessons and had to learn the rest for themselves . Post WWII . In 1948 Arek volunteered to fight in the Israeli Defence Forces " to contribute towards the war of independence " . Arek currently lives near Leeds , UK . He has written a book on his experiences called " A Detail of History " . All the proceeds go to the Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre , where he often gives presentations about his experience . Arek Hersh was the subject of the award - winning documentary " Arek " ( 2005 ) produced by UNISON and directed by Tony Lloyd . Arek Hersh was awarded an MBE in 2009 for voluntary service to Holocaust education .
Battle of Shaho The Battle of Shaho was a land battle of the Russo - Japanese War fought along a front centered at the Sha River on the Mukden – Port Arthur spur of the China Far East Railway just north of Liaoyang , Manchuria . Background . As the situation for the Russian forces in the Far East after the defeat at the Battle of Liaoyang became increasingly unfavorable , the Tsar became determined to both save Port Arthur , and , more importantly , save face for the Russian Empire . He directed General Alexei Kuropatkin , the Commander - in - Chief of the Russian armies in Manchuria to reverse the tide of the war . Kuropatkin was reinforced by fresh troops brought in by the newly completed Trans - Siberian Railroad and counter - attacked the Japanese armies , commanded by Field Marshal Marquis Oyama Iwao at Sha - ho River . Battle . On 5 October 1904 , the Russian armies , totaling 210 , 000 men attacked in a general offensive north of Liaoyang , with the main advance coming through the mountains to the east . The Russian attacks on the left flank slowly gained ground as Russian forces wrested the initiative from the Japanese . The Japanese forces consisted of the 1st Army commanded by General Kuroki Tametomo , the 2nd Army commanded by General Oku Yasukata , and the 4th Army commanded by General Nozu Michitsura , totaling 170 , 000 men . On the evening of 10 October 1904 , General Oyama ordered a major Japanese counter - offensive to strike the Russian right flank . By 13 October , the Japanese halted the Russian advance in the mountains to the northeast of Liaoyang , and threatened the Russian center south of the Sha River . Combat continued for the next four days , with both sides unwilling to back down . It was not until 17 October 1904 that General Kuropatkin called off the costly attacks , and withdrew his forces north towards Mukden . Aftermath . After two weeks of fighting , the battle ended inconclusively . Despite opportunities created with the opening of the Trans - Siberian Railway , Kuropatkin was unwilling to carry on regardless of casualties , and pulled back towards Mukden . The battle ended in a draw , as the Japanese were unable to take advantage of the pause in the action . Total Russian casualties totaled 44 , 351 killed , wounded , captured or missing in action . Japanese casualties totaled 20 , 345 killed , wounded , captured or missing . As a result , the Japanese advance on Mukden was paused , but not halted , and both sides dug in to prepare for the next battle at the Battle of Sandepu ( Heikoutai ) .
USS Mayo ( DD - 422 ) USS " Mayo " ( DD - 422 ) was a " Benson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II . She was named for Admiral Henry Thomas Mayo . " Mayo " was laid down 16 May 1938 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Fore River , Massachusetts ; launched 26 March 1940 ; sponsored by Mrs . C . G . Mayo , daughter - in - law of Admiral Mayo ; and commissioned 18 September 1940 , Lieutenant C . D . Emory in command . Service history . " Mayo " joined the expanding Neutrality Patrol after shakedown and escorted Marines to Iceland in July 1941 as they took protective custody of that key island . As President Franklin D . Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed to the Atlantic Charter during the second week in August , " Mayo " guarded their meeting by patrolling off NS Argentia , Newfoundland . The formal entrance of the United States into World War II lengthened her convoy assignment beyond the western Atlantic Ocean . Escort of slow merchant convoys out of Boston gave way in summer 1942 to duty with fast troop transports out of New York . U - boat s and bad weather were not the only dangers to be encountered . When caught fire 3 September , " Mayo " swiftly moved alongside the burning ship and removed 247 survivors . With the invasion of North Africa , " Mayo " appeared at Casablanca , Morocco , 12 November , 4 days after D ‑ Day , to protect the landing of reinforcements . A retraining period at the end of the year in Casco Bay , Maine , temporarily interrupted convoy assignments . With DesRon 7 , " Mayo " joined the 8th Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea in August 1943 . She gave fire and antiaircraft protection to the beachhead at Salerno , Italy , 8 September and again 22 to 24 January 1944 to the assault beaches at Anzio . At 20 : 01 on the 24th a sudden explosion killed seven and wounded 25 of her crew while almost breaking her in two . Despite a gaping hole at the waterline , starboard , she survived a tow back to Naples for a temporary patch , and 3 March began the long tow back to the States . Pulled into New York Navy Yard 5 April , " Mayo " required 4 months for repairs . " Mayo " made a voyage to Trinidad and four to Europe before Germany surrendered . DesRon 7 sortied from New York 5 May 1945 for the western Pacific , and at Pearl Harbor joined fast carrier TG 12 . 4 . Planes from this group struck Wake Island as a training gesture 20 June as the ships sailed on westward . Upon reaching Ulithi , " Mayo " began a series of escort missions to Okinawa . On 24 August she got underway escorting occupation troops which were landed on Honshū 2 September . She shepherded additional troops from the Philippines and Okinawa before sailing from Yokohama 5 November for San Diego , California and Charleston , South Carolina , arriving 7 December . She decommissioned 18 March 1946 and went into reserve at Orange , Texas . She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 December 1971 , sold 8 May 1972 and broken up for scrap . As of 2005 , no other ship in the United States Navy has been named " Mayo " . Awards . " Mayo " received two battle star s for World War II service .
USS Prince William ( CVE - 31 ) USS " Prince William " ( CVE - 31 ) ( originally AVG - 31 , later ACV - 31 ) , ex - MC Hull 242 , was laid down by the Seattle - Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation of Tacoma , Washington , 18 May 1942 as AVG - 31 ; redesignated ACV - 31 on 20 August 1942 ; launched 23 August 1942 ; sponsored by Mrs . Paul Foley ; and commissioned 9 April 1943 , Captain Herbert E . Regan in command . Service history . Following an abbreviated shakedown off the west coast , " Prince William " reported for duty with the Pacific Fleet ’ s air arm to ferry planes and transport personnel to forward areas . Redesignated CVE - 31 on 15 July 1943 , she operated between the west coast and such places as New Caledonia , Canton Island , Samoa and Espiritu Santo until the spring of 1944 . Then , a brief assignment at San Diego , training and qualifying pilots , preceded her return to ferrying duties in mid - April 1944 . She completed a run to Townsville , Australia , 7 May 1944 , and , on her return to San Diego , was reassigned to the Atlantic Fleet . Unloading aircraft and cargo at Port Everglades , Florida , 21 June 1944 , she continued on to Norfolk where new navigational equipment ( LORAN ) was installed . During July and into August , she qualified pilots in the Chesapeake Bay area , then , on 24 August 1944 , resumed plane and personnel ferry services with a run to Casablanca . Returning with worn airplane engines and parts , she moored at Norfolk 26 September 1944 for availability . " Prince William " returned to training duties in mid - October 1944 . Until 26 January 1945 , she qualified pilots in the Narrangansett Bay area , then shifted to Key West . There she continued to carry out her mission as a training carrier until returning to Norfolk in May . On 2 June 1945 , the CVE got underway for the Panama Canal and on the 8th rejoined the Pacific Fleet . Again assigned to ferrying duties , she transported planes and personnel between the west coast and Hawaii for the remainder of World War II . After the cessation of hostilities , " Prince William " was assigned to “ Magic Carpet ” duty and for the next seven months returned military personnel and equipment to the United States . Completing her last run at San Diego , 21 March 1946 , she was ordered to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet and on 8 April 1946 got underway for the Panama Canal . Arriving at Norfolk on 23 April 1946 , she continued on , two days later , to Philadelphia where she decommissioned 29 August 1946 . Reclassified CVHE - 31 , 12 June 1955 , " Prince William " remained a unit of the Philadelphia Group , Atlantic Reserve Fleet until struck from the Naval Register 1 March 1959 . She was sold for scrap in Japan in March 1961 .
Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center The Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center is the Gettysburg National Military Park facility , with a museum about the American Civil War , the 1884 Gettysburg Cyclorama , and the tour center for licensed Battlefield Guides and for buses to see the Gettysburg Battlefield and Eisenhower National Historic Site . The museum displays artifacts including cannon , firearms , and uniforms , and includes an exhibit gallery and theater . Additional facilities are a " computer resource room " , a bookstore with gifts , and a restaurant . History . One of the first Gettysburg museums displayed the J Albertus Danner collection of artifacts in 1881 . In 1894 the Gettysburg Cyclorama was displayed in a tent at The Angle Groundbreaking for a building on Cemetery Hill occurred in 1912 . The 1888 - 1964 Round Top Museum , and the 1921 - 2008 Gettysburg National Museum were both acquired by the National Park Service after the 1963 battle anniversary . During the post - WWII increase of tourism , Mission 66 improvements for the NPS 50th anniversary included the construction of the modernist Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg , designed by Richard Neutra , as the first NPS visitor center for the battlefield . It opened in 1962 . Plans in 1973 for a projected tourist increase included an Oak Ridge visitor center and an Eisenhower Parkway on the west . Neither was built , nor was an Appalachian Trail spur to the battlefield considered in 1982 . The Gettysburg National Museum became the visitor center in 1974 . There were technology and sewer improvements in 1995 , however it was demolished in 2008 — after the new Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center was completed . It now displays the restored Gettysburg Cyclorama . The landmark 1962 Cyclorama Building by Neutra was destroyed in February 2013 .
Operation Sea Dragon ( Vietnam War ) Operation Sea Dragon occurred during the Vietnam War and was a series of American led naval operation s beginning in 1966 to interdict sea lines of communications and supply going south from North Vietnam to South Vietnam , and to destroy land targets with naval gunfire , as well as to give CIA officers in the area who had sited the targets room to withdraw to extraction zones . The primary purpose of Sea Dragon forces was the interception and destruction of water borne logistic craft ( WBLC ) , which ranged in size from large self - propelled barges down to small junks and sampans . United States Navy advisers were assigned to the South Vietnamese Navy ( VNN ) and American minesweepers assisted South Vietnamese Navy ships in carrying out patrols near the Demilitarized Zone . Specially modified attack helicopter s were used to pursue North Vietnamese ships and disable them , leaving the ships to be boarded by American and South Vietnamese naval commandos .