naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Twelve - pound cannon The twelve - pound cannon is a cannon that fires twelve - pounds projectiles from its barrel , as well as grapeshot , chainshot , shrapnel , and later shells and canister shot . It was first used during the Tudor period and was commonly used during the Napoleonic Wars , 1799 - 1815 . At this time 12 lbers were largest caliber of long - barreled field pieces , and were used both at long range against fortifications and troop concentrations using round shot and against attacking infantry and cavalry using canister shot . As such the 12 lber was a favorite weapon of the Grande Armée . Later , redesigned 12 lbs were named after Napoleon III and found heavy use during the American Civil War . 12 - pounders were also carried on naval vessels of various sizes . Unlike their land based cousins , such weapons were considered light by naval standards . They formed the main armament of smaller frigates , and were used on the upper decks of larger vessels , where their relatively lighter weight would not be a problem . They were commonly found on the quarterdeck of British Ships of the line like though their main weapons were the larger 24 and 32 pound cannon , capable of shattering the hulls of enemy warships and killing the gun crews with a deadly shower of splinters . Another notable 12 - pounder was the 4 . 62 caliber brass Mountain Howitzer , a 53in long cannon capable of being disassembled and carried by pack horses . It was introduced to the US military in 1837 and known as the M1841 . During the Mexican War Lieutenant Ulysses S . Grant placed a howitzer in the belfry of a church and used it to shoot at Mexican forces defending Mexico City . In 1853 , France introduced the Canon - obusier de 12 , a 12 - pounder capable of using either shells , shot or canisters . Napoleon cannon remained in service during the Victorian period , seeing action in the American Civil War . By this time the Parrott rifle and newer , more powerful Columbiad s like the Rodman gun were being introduced . These fired shells and shot that weighed between 10 and 300 pounds though the Napoleons remained the most common field gun s in Confederate hands . < br > Later 12 pound cannons included the breechloading RBL 12 pounder 8 cwt Armstrong gun introduced in 1859 , Joseph Whitworth ' s field gun s and the boat howitzers invented by John A . Dahlgren and used by the Federal navy during the Civil War .
Marracuene Marracuene , earlier known as Vila Luísa is a town in Mozambique ' s Maputo Province in Marracuene District , located 30 km north of Maputo on the Incomati River . The Parque de Campismo de Marracuene , a popular camping destination , is located nearby . Marracuene served as a popular tourist destination in Mozambique ' s colonial era thanks to a 21 - mile beach on the Indian Ocean ; the town also served as a key link in the Lourenço Marques Railway System . On February 2 , 1895 , Marracuene was the site of a decisive battle between Portuguese commander António José Enes and Ronga emperor Gungunyane ; the Portuguese defeated the larger Ronga forces by means of repeating rifle s and a machine gun .
Army Headquarters ( United Kingdom ) Army Headquarters is a new British Army command formation based at Andover . The equivalent in the Royal Navy is Navy Command Headquarters at Portsmouth and the equivalent in the Royal Air Force is Air Command at High Wycombe . History . The British Army ' s new Headquarters , which employs more than 2 , 000 military and civilian personnel , is located at the Marlborough Lines in Andover . Under a major army command reorganisation effective 1 November 2011 the Chief of the General Staff took direct command of the Army through a new structure known as " Army Headquarters " . It was formerly commanded by a four star named Commander - in - Chief Land Forces . Structure . The British Army is now commanded by the Chief of the General Staff . Reporting to the Chief of the General Staff are : the Commander Land Forces , the Adjutant - General and the Commander Force Development and Training . The Commander Land Forces is responsible for generating and preparing forces for current and contingency operations , the Adjutant - General is responsible for developing the Army ' s personnel policies and supporting its people and the Commander Force Development and Training is responsible for recruiting and training the Army , and developing its capability , sustainability and doctrine .
Irish Regiment of Canada 2nd Battalion , The Irish Regiment of Canada is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces based in Sudbury , Ontario . The 1st Battalion was reduced to nil strength and placed on the Supplemental Order of Battle on 31 December 1964 . The Irish regiment was originally founded in 1915 with headquarters in Toronto . The modern incarnation was formed in Sudbury in 1965 by the conversion of the 58th Field Regiment RCA . In 1931 they became the only kilted Irish Regiment in the world with the adoption of their own unique tartan often called " O ' Saffron " designed by Thomas Gordon Ltd . of Glasgow . ( Irish regiments in the British Army utilise kilted pipers wearing a solid - coloured saffron kilt . ) They also share the caubeen headdress common to other Irish regiments . Irish Regiment of Canada Regimental Museum . The museum provides a safe place to exhibit The Irish Regiment of Canada memorabilia dating from the First World War . It provides a venue for veterans and others who wish to donate service memorabilia for exposition . The museum is a venue to exhibit service memorabilia after the First World War including the United Nations Operations – Korea – 1950 - 1953 and peacekeeping operations . It is a venue to educate Northern Ontario citizens about the Canadian Forces , in particular the local militia units , to appreciate their roles and the necessity to support them .
Bras d ' Or ( R - 103 ) " Bras d ' Or " ( R - 103 ) was a small experimental hydrofoil built for the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) during the 1950s . It led to the development of in the late 1960s . Built by Saunders - Roe from either a Saunder - Roe motor boat or Vosper PT boat hull , the " Bras d ' Or " was built based on the prototype R - 101 in service with the Royal Navy . Launched in 1957 , it underwent trials off Wales in May and arrived in Canada in July . Acquired by the Royal Canadian Navy , it was never commissioned as a warship . " Bras d ' Or " ( R - 103 ) was renamed " Baddeck " in 1962 as the name " Bras d ' Or " was to be provided to . " Baddeck " retired from the Canadian Forces in 1973 and later acquired by the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa , Ontario . " Baddeck " remains in storage with her three foils detached and stored separately .
Japanese warship Banryū The Japanese warship was a ship of the Bakufu Navy , and subsequently belonged to the troops loyal to the Shogun during the Boshin War in Japan in 1868 . " Banryū " was originally built in England as a schooner , where she had been named " Emperor " . She had a length of 41 . 8 metres , a breadth of 5 . 45 metres , a draught of 3 . 23 metres , and weighed 370 tons . She was armed with six 12 - pounder bronze cannons . " Banryū " participated in the Naval Battle of Awa , Japan ' s first engagement between two modern fleets , on January 28 , 1868 . She was also dispatched to participate to the Naval Battle of Miyako Bay in March 1869 , but had to return to Hokkaido after being damaged in bad weather . During the Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay in May 1869 , " Banryū " managed to sink one of the Imperial navy ' s warships , the . She sank in turn slightly later due to heavy damage .
Stewart McPherson ( VC ) Stewart McPherson VC ( 1822 – 7 December 1892 ) was a Scottish soldier in India and a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth military forces . Stewart McPherson was born in Culross in 1819 , the only son of Mungo and Mary . He left Geddes Public School at 15 to become an apprentice weaver in Dunfermline , but he was soon lured by adventure and foreign travel . In December 1839 he walked to Stirling to join the British Army ' s 78th Highlanders , which were later to become the Seaforth Highlanders Ross - shire Buffs , Duke of Albany ' s . He married a Culross girl , Elizabeth Haig , in 1848 and the couple went on to have five children - Sarah , Eliza , Robina , Ferguson and McGregor . McPherson saw action in Persia , India and Ireland before arriving in Bengal , India . He was approximately 38 years old , and now a colour - sergeant . During his time here , his actions during the Siege of Lucknow in the Indian Mutiny earned him the Victoria Cross . His citation reads : McPherson was presented with his award by Queen Victoria in December 1880 , at Windsor Castle . Only three weeks after receiving his award , he discharged himself from the army and returned to Culross , where he was appointed superintendent of Glasgow Industrial Schools based in Bailieston . A decade later , the family moved again to Culross where they bought a house in Low Valleyfield . As a reminder of his time in India it was named Lucknow Villa and it was there that he died , aged 70 , in 1892 . Burial . McPherson was laid to rest in his town near Dunfermline . He was buried in the Fife County Cemetery , in the shadow of Culross Abbey , but his grave became overgrown . About 143 years after being awarded the Victoria Cross a local woman , Janis Ellis , showed businessman Alan Johnson the war hero ' s last resting place and he decided his valour should be recognized in his home village . The Fife Council awarded an £1800 grant from the common good fund to pay for a new Indian granite stone - quarried less than 60 miles from Lucknow . A plaque was also unveiled at a ceremony which was attended by two of his descendants , Mrs . Lylian Edge and Mr Stuart Lamberton , as well as senior Army personnel . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of Queens Own Highlanders , Fort George , Inverness - shire , Scotland .
Battle of Jarnac The Battle of Jarnac on 13 March 1569 was an encounter during the French Wars of Religion between the Catholic forces of Marshal Gaspard de Saulx , sieur de Tavannes , and the Huguenots , near the nadir of their fortunes , financed by Reinhold von Krockow ( who was wounded in the battle ) and led by Louis I de Bourbon , prince de Condé , who was killed anonymously in a melée after his surrender and his body paraded on an ass in Jarnac , to Catholic jeers . The forces met outside Jarnac between the right bank of the Charente River and the high road between Angoulême and Cognac . Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes , superior in cavalry , crossed the Charente by the bridge at Châteauneuf and was successful in defeating the Huguenots due to his execution of surprise attacks , coming unexpectedly from the south . The Huguenots made a last stand at Triac and were ultimately defeated , with both their leaders captured in the fray and murdered in the aftermath . Under the leadership of Gaspard de Coligny , however , a significant portion of the Huguenot army managed to escape . Minor participants on the Huguenot side were the English volunteer Walter Raleigh and Louis of Nassau . Aftermath . On 25 June , the two armies met again at the Battle of La Roche - l ' Abeille , resulting in a Protestant victory . The Battle of Moncontour in October of the same year would provide the Catholics with a more definitive victory . A tapestry of the battle and the assassination of Louis I of Bourbon is in the collection of the Musée National de la Renaissance in Ecouen .
Greystoke Castle Greystoke Castle is in the village of Greystoke west of Penrith in the county of Cumbria in northern England . ( ) . In 1069 , after the Norman conquest the English landlord Ligulf de Greystoke was re - granted his land and he built a wooden tower surrounded by a pale ( or pele ) . The first stone structure on the site was built in 1129 by Ivo , his grandson . The building grew to become a large pele tower and in the 14th century after William de Greystoke obtained a royal licence to castellate it , the castle was further enlarged . In 1571 the castle was in the ownership of Thomas Howard , 4th Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England through his marriage into the Dacre family , who had been the previous owners . The Howards were Catholics and Royalists and as a consequence during the Civil War the castle was laid waste by Parliamentarians under General Lambert in 1648 . The castle was enlarged and altered in 1789 . Then between 1838 and 1848 the castle was re - built to a design by Anthony Salvin , incorporating the older structures including the pele tower , and the estates were developed by Charles Howard into a modern farm . In 1868 the house caught fire and many treasures and works of art were lost . However , the castle was rebuilt under Henry Howard , again by Salvin . During the Second World War the castle and estate were requisitioned by the army as a tank drivers ' training area . The castle itself became a prisoner of war camp . Consequently much damage was done to both the building and the estate during this period . In 1950 Stafford Howard inherited the estate and began a further period of restoration . It is now managed by his son , Neville . The castle is not open to the public , but is used as a venue for corporate hospitality , outdoor management training , and is licensed for civil weddings .
Lucien B . Caswell Lucien Bonaparte Caswell ( November 27 , 1827April 26 , 1919 ) was an American politician . Born in Swanton , Vermont , he moved with his family to frontier Wisconsin in 1836 and settled along the Rock River , just south of Lake Koshkonong . Caswell attended Milton Academy and Beloit College , studying law . He moved to Fort Atkinson , where he opened a law practice in 1851 . Caswell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and as a draft commissioner during the American Civil War period . He was with Governor Louis P . Harvey on his fatal trip to visit Wisconsin troops in Tennessee . Caswell served seven terms in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican . He was first elected in the 44th Congress representing Wisconsin ' s 2nd congressional district and was subsequently elected to the 45th , 46th and 47th Congresses serving from March 4 , 1875 to March 3 , 1883 . He was once again elected to the 49th and subsequent congresses through to the 51st Congress however this time representing Wisconsin ' s 1st congressional district from March 4 , 1885 to March 3 , 1891 . As a representative , he was active in establishing the Federal appeals court system and overseeing the construction of the Library of Congress .
SS Empire Dew Empire Dew was a Cargo ship that was built in 1940 by Lithgows Ltd , Port Glasgow , United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was torpedoed and sunk by in 1941 . Description . The ship was built in 1940 by Lithgows Ltd , Port Glasgow . She was yard number 940 . The ship was long , with a beam of . She had a depth of and a draught of . She was assessed at 7 , 005 GRT . 5 , 135 NRT . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Rankin & Blackmore Ltd , Greenock . History . " Empire Dew " was built for the MoWT . Launched on 21 November 1940 , she was completed in January 1941 . She was placed under the management of R Chapman & Son Ltd , Newcastle - upon - Tyne . The Official Number 166993 and Code Letters GPFM were allocated . Her port of registry was Greenock . " Empire Dew " departed from the Clyde on her maiden voyage on 2 February 1941 as a member of Convoy OB 281 , which departed from Liverpool , Lancashire on 1 February and dispersed at sea on 5 February . Her destination was Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada , where she arrived on 24 February . From Halifax , a return trip was made to Saint John , New Brunswick , arriving back at Halifax on 10 March . " Empire Dew " was a member of Convoy SC 26 , which departed from Halifax on 20 March and arrived at Liverpool on 8 April . She was carrying a cargo of flour destined for Leith , East Lothian . She left the convoy at the Clyde on 8 April . " Empire Dew " was a member of Convoy WN 114 , which departed from the Clyde on 13 April and arrived at Methil , Fife on 16 April . She departed from Methil on 28 April as a member of Convoy FS 475 , which arrived at Southend , Essex on 30 April . " Empire Dew " was a member of Convoy EC 27 , which departed from Southend on 31 May and arrived at the Clyde on 6 June . She left the convoy at Oban , Argyllshire on 5 June , to join Convoy OG 64 , which departed from Liverpool on 4 June and arrived at Gibraltar on 18 June . She detached from the convoy and headed for Father Point , New Brunswick , Canada . Her intended destination was Montreal . At 02 : 51 ( German time ) on 12 June , " Empire Dew " was torpedoed when north of the Azores , Portugal ( ) by , under the command of Herbert Schulze . Twenty three crew were lost . Seventeen crew and two DEMS gunners were rescued by . They were landed at Liverpool . Those killed serving on " Empire Dew " are commemorated on the Tower Hill Memorial , London .
SM U - 16 ( Germany ) SM U - 16 was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I . " U - 16 " was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic .
Thomas J . McMahon Thomas Joseph McMahon ( June 24 , 1948 – March 19 , 1969 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . McMahon joined the Army from Portland , Maine in 1967 , and by March 19 , 1969 , was a Specialist Four serving as a combat medic in Company A , 2nd Battalion , 1st Infantry Regiment , 196th Infantry Brigade , Americal Division . On that day , in Quang Tin Province , Republic of Vietnam , he attempted to rescue three wounded soldiers despite heavy enemy fire . He was able to carry two of the men to safety but was mortally wounded while trying to rescue the third . McMahon , aged 20 at his death , was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery , Lewiston , Maine . A Lewiston elementary school is currently named in his honor . Medal of Honor citation . Specialist McMahon ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Specialist McMahon distinguished himself while serving as medical aid man with Company A . When the lead elements of his company came under heavy fire from well - fortified enemy positions , 3 soldiers fell seriously wounded . Specialist McMahon , with complete disregard for his safety , left his covered position and ran through intense enemy fire to the side of 1 of the wounded , administered first aid and then carried him to safety . He returned through the hail of fire to the side of a second wounded man . Although painfully wounded by an exploding mortar round while returning the wounded man to a secure position , Specialist McMahon refused medical attention and heroically ran back through the heavy enemy fire toward his remaining wounded comrade . He fell mortally wounded before he could rescue the last man . Specialist McMahon ' s undaunted concern for the welfare of his comrades at the cost of his life are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
Jacob Rivers Jacob Rivers VC ( 17 November 1881 – 12 March 1915 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was about 34 years old , and a private in the 1st Battalion , The Sherwood Foresters ( The Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 12 March 1915 , at Neuve Chapelle , France , Private Rivers , on his own initiative , crept to within a few yards of a very large number of the enemy who were massed on the flank of an advanced company of his battalion , and hurled bombs on them . His action caused the enemy to retire , and so relieved the situation . Private Rivers performed a second similar act of great bravery on the same day , again causing the enemy to withdraw . He was killed on this occasion , and his remains never found - he is commemorated on the Le Touret Memorial . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Sherwood Foresters Museum , The Castle , Nottingham , England .
Alexander M . Beatty Alexander Mitchell Beattie ( often misspelled Beatty ) ( July 29 , 1828 - March 7 , 1907 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Beatty served in the American Civil War in the 3rd Vermont Infantry for the Union Army from June 1861 until July 1864 . He received the Medal of Honor on April 25 , 1894 for his actions at the Battle of Cold Harbor . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Removed , under a hot fire , a wounded member of his command to a place of safety .
Shuttle bombing Shuttle bombing is a tactic where bomber s fly from their home base to bomb a first target and continue to a different location where they are refuelled and rearmed . The aircraft may then bomb a second target on the return leg to their home base . Some examples of operations which have used this tactic are : While shuttle bombing offered several advantages , allowing distant targets to be hit and complicating the Axis defence arrangements , it posed a number of practical difficulties , not least the awkward relations between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union . The operations were concluded in September 1944 after a three - month period , and not repeated .
18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel The 18th SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division " Horst Wessel " was formed in 1944 around a cadre from the 1 SS Infantry Brigade and included mainly Hungarian ethnic Germans or Volksdeutsche ( Volksdeutsche is a historical term which arose in the early 20th century to apply to Germans living outside of the German Empire ) . The 8th SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France was led by a former Foreign Legionnaire , Obersturmbannführer Paul Marie Gamory - Dubourdeau . The 1st battalion of about 1000 men was attached to SS Division Horst Wessel and sent to Galicia to fight the Soviet advance . In fierce fighting the battalion suffered heavy casualties . It was used for anti - partisan duties until it was sent to the Eastern front , with the exception of one regiment that fought the Slovak National Uprising in August 1944 . It later fought as a single unit in Hungary and later in Czechoslovakia where it was destroyed . The Division was named after the SA or ( Sturmabteilung ) hero Horst Wessel , a German Nazi known for being the author of lyrics to the song " Die Fahne hoch " ( Horst Wessel Lied ) and for being glorified by the Nazi regime as a martyr of the early years of the Nazi party .