naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thornbury Castle Thornbury Castle is a castle in Thornbury , South Gloucestershire , England . It was begun in 1511 as a home for Edward Stafford , 3rd Duke of Buckingham . It is not a true castle ( designed to serve as a fortress ) , but rather an early example of a Tudor country house , with minimal defensive attributes . It is now a grade I listed building . The site was occupied by a manor house in 930 . Part of the original plans for a very grand residence were " well advanced " before the duke was beheaded , in 1521 , on the orders of his distant cousin Henry VIII , for alleged treason . As in the King ' s palace at Sheen , the main ranges of Thornbury framed courts , of which the symmetrical entrance range , with central gatehouse and octagonal corner towers , still stands , as do two less regular side ranges with many irregular projecting features and towers . Following the Duke ' s death Thornbury was confiscated by King Henry VIII of England , who stayed at the castle for ten days in August 1535 with his queen , Anne Boleyn . Following the English Civil War , the castle fell into disrepair , but was renovated in 1824 by the Howard family . It is situated behind St Mary ' s Church , a church whose founding dates from the Norman period . The castle is now a 26 - room luxury hotel and restaurant , and a venue for weddings .
German submarine U - 130 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 130 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down at the AG Weser yard , Bremen as ' werk ' 993 on 20 August 1940 , launched on 14 March 1941 and commissioned on 11 June . Her service life began with training in the 4th U - boat Flotilla ; she moved to the 2nd Flotilla for more training on 1 September 1941 and operations with the same organization on 1 December . She sank 21 ships , a total of and three auxiliary warships totalling 34 , 407 GRT in six patrols . She also damaged one ship of 6 , 986 GRT . She was a member of three wolf pack s . Operational career . 1st and 2nd patrols . The boat ' s operational debut was her departure from Kiel on 1 December 1941 . Crossing the North Sea , she entered the Atlantic Ocean via the gap between the Faroe and the Shetland Islands . She sank the " Kurdistan " northwest of Northern Ireland on the 10th before docking at Lorient in occupied France on the 16th . " U - 130 " would use this port for the rest of her career . The " Kurdistan " survivors were picked up by HMS and landed at Derry . The submarine was unsuccessfully attacked by an aircraft on 12 January 1942 in the Cabot Strait , between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland on her second patrol . She then sank two ships on the 13th east of Nova Scotia . She was almost sunk by two Canadian destroyers on the 18th , but the winter weather played a part , hampering both sides . The U - boat moved south , to warmer waters . 3rd , 4th and 5th patrols . " U - 130 " s third patrol was marked by using her deck gun in conjunction with her torpedoes in the western north Atlantic and the eastern Caribbean when she sank the " Grenanger " on 11 April 1942 and the " Esso Boston " a day later . The boat ' s fourth sortie also brought success , this time near the Cape Verde islands . Among others , she sank the " Tankexpress " , the " Elmwood " and the " Danmark " , all in July 1942 . She tried to impede the landings for Operation " Torch " , the invasion of North Africa , when she sank three troop transports at anchor off Morocco on 12 November 1942 . They were the USS " Tasker H . Bliss " , " Edward Rutledge " and " Hugh L . Scott " . The boat then headed off into the Atlantic , north of the Azores . 6th patrol and loss . Her last patrol was not without success ; she sank the " Trefusis " , " Fidra " , " Empire Tower " and " Ger - y - Bryn " , all on 5 March 1943 . She was sunk on 12 March 1943 by depth charges from the American destroyer USS " Champlin " west of the Azores . 53 men died . There were no survivors .
Victor Hubert Tait Air Vice Marshal Sir Victor Hubert Tait , KBE , CB ( July 8 , 1892 – November 27 , 1988 ) was a Canadian - born soldier and airman who served with the Royal Canadian Engineers , the Royal Flying Corps , the Royal Air Force , and the Egyptian Air Force . He represented Great Britain at ice hockey in the 1928 Winter Olympics . In later life he was an executive of BOAC . Early life . Tait was born in Winnipeg , Manitoba , the son of Samuel Tait , and received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Manitoba . Military career . With the outbreak of World War I , Tait joined the Royal Canadian Engineers as a sapper before being commissioned into the London Regiment in 1916 . He was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps where he focussed on radio and aerial navigation . Tranferring to the new Royal Air Force in 1918 he was an instructor at the RAF ' s Electrical and Wireless School in 1919 . After a period of illness Tait served on No . 4 Squadron in Constantinople from 1922 to 1924 as a pilot and wireless specialist . On his return to the United Kingdom , Tait was appointed to signals staff officer duties and by 1930 he was back in the Middle East where he continued his work in RAF signals . In 1932 Tait was made the Senior Air Advisor on the British Military Mission in Egypt . At the same time or not long afterwards he was seconded to the Egyptian Air Force which he effectively founded , flying eight aircraft to Cario . The Egyptian monarch , King Fuad , was impressed with Tait and granted him the rank of " kaimachan " ( lieutenant - colonel ) and in 1937 made him a commander of the Order of the Nile . In 1937 , he was promoted Group Captain . Returning to the RAF , during World War II , Tait transferred to the RAF ' s Technical Branch in 1940 and was promoted to Air Commodore . After a spell as Deputy Director of Signals , he was appointed the Director of Radio in 1941 , the Director of RDF in 1942 when he was promoted to Air Vice - Marshal . In August 1942 Tait was made Director - General of Signals , a post he until his retirement from the Air Force in 1945 . During the preparations for the D - Day landing and the invasion of Normandy , Tait was responsible for planning the attack on German radar stations and spoofing other radar . After the War he joined the British Overseas Airways Corporation , working as its operations director from 1945 to 1956 . Sportsman . Tait represented Great Britain at ice hockey and competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics , the British team finishing fourth in the Olympic ice hockey tournament of 1928 . He was president of the British Ice Hockey Association from 1958 to 1971 . | -
USS Halcyon ( SP - 518 ) USS " Halcyon " ( SP - 518 ) was a motor launch borrowed by the U . S . Navy from the U . S . Bureau of Fisheries during World War I . She was outfitted as a patrol craft and assigned to the 1st Naval District , headquartered at Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery , Maine . Post - war she was returned to the Bureau of Fisheries . Borrowed from Bureau of Fisheries . The first ship to be so named by the U . S . Navy , " Halcyon " was a 61 - foot - long launch built for the Bureau of Fisheries in 1916 by Marine Construction Company , Boothbay Harbor , Maine . She was transferred to the Navy and commissioned 14 May 1917 at Boston , Massachusetts . World War I service . Assigned to section patrol in the 1st Naval District , " Halcyon " performed harbor patrol duties until decommissioning 24 June 1919 . Post - war disposition . She was subsequently struck from the Navy List 31 July 1919 and returned to the Bureau of Fisheries . Note . USS " Surf " ( SP - 518 ) was never commissioned . Her hull number ( " SP - 518 " ) was assigned to " Halcyon " .
Sverre Granlund Corporal Sverre Granlund , DCM ( 9 November 1918 – 10 February 1943 ) was a Norwegian commando during the Second World War . Early life and World War II . He was born in Sauherad , to a father from Øyer and a mother from Høyland . He lived initially in Saltdal and later , Bodø . His job was at the Nordland Line . He was a member of the Norwegian Red Cross Youth , and served in the Norwegian Army during the Battle of Narvik in 1940 . He fled Norway for Sweden in 1941 , and later continued to the United Kingdom . Here he joined the Special Operations Executive and underwent training for the Norwegian Independent Company 1 . His first operation was on 27 May 1941 when he set the Frostfile machine room of the factory in Bodø on fire . Operation Musketoon . In 1942 he participated in the commando raid against the Glomfjord generator plant in Operation Musketoon . Granlund and Cpl . Erling Djupdraet were the two Norwegians in the twelve man team , the rest of whom were British . He and Captain Joseph Houghton had the role of scouts , ascending the Svartisen . Granlund was the only member of the team who had to kill a German , shooting a guard at the plant . After the explosions had torn apart the local dam , he sought refuge at " Fykandalen " , a mountain resort where he was given a map to a bridge that would lead him further up on the mountain . Unable to find the bridge by nightfall , he met up with Houghton and Sergant Erling Djupdraet and the three returned to the resort where a scuffle broke out between the group and some Germans who had come to question the owners . After the fight , with Djupdraet wounded by a bayonet , Trigg , O ' Brien , Granlund and Fairclough split off and managed to avoid capture , escaping to Stockholm , then London . Djupdraet died on 24 September at the hospital in Bodø and of the rest , only O ' Brien and Fairclough survived the war . The distance from Bjærangfjord to Sweden walked on foot by Granlund was and took him over seven days . A very long distance with practically no food and only wearing his uniform . Operation Seagull . He died at sea on 10 February 1943 in transit to Norway , when the Norwegian submarine hit a German minefield southwest of Fugløyvær , carrying his team as part of Operation Seagull . The mines had been laid by the German minelayer and some years after the end of the war , the Royal Norwegian Navy located HNoMS " Uredd " in Fugløyfjord south - west of Bodø , by studying German maps of minefields along the Norwegian coast . Legacy . Granlund was awarded Norway ' s highest decoration for military gallantry , the " Krigskorset med Sverd " ( War Cross with Sword ) . He also received the " Krigsmedaljen " ( War Medal ) and the British Distinguished Conduct Medal . In 1995 , the Norwegian artist Laila Lorentzen commemorated his role in the war with a bust constructed for Saltdal Museum in Rognan .
Alfred Lungley Alfred Herbert Lungley , GC ( 1905 – 1989 ) was a British soldier of the Royal Artillery who distinguished himself during rescue efforts after the Quetta earthquake of 1935 . Lungley was born in Colchester , Essex , on 20 October 1905 . After joining the British Army he was assigned to the Royal Artillery , and served in British India with the 24th Mountain Brigade which was then stationed near Quetta ( then India , now Pakistan ) . On 31 May 1935 a serious earthquake hit the region near Quetta . This ranks as one of the deadliest earthquakes ever to hit South Asia , and as the 23rd worst earthquake worldwide ( by death toll ) to date . The quake was centred 4 . 0 kilometres South West of Ali Jaan . Most of the reported casualties occurred in the city of Quetta . Initial communiqué drafts estimated a total of 20 , 000 people buried under the rubble , 10 , 000 survivors and 4 , 000 injured . The city was badly damaged and was immediately prepared to be sealed under military guard with medical help . Among other units , also the 24th Mountain Brigade was ordered to assist in rescue efforts . Lance - Sergeant Lungley was called to a house which had collapsed , trapping a man under the debris . He burrowed through the debris to reach and rescue the man , despite suffering a serious leg injury himself and the constant danger of the tunnel collapsing . For his extreme bravery during this operation , Lungley was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal on 19 November 1935 . In 1940 the Empire Gallantry Medal was revoked by Royal Warrant and replaced by the George Cross . All living recipients of the Empire Gallantry Medal and the next - of - kin of those recipients who had died since September 1939 were obliged to exchange their award for the newly established George Cross . After the end of World War II Alfred Lungley married and moved to Norwich , Norfolk , where he died in 1989 . His ashes are buried at Earlham Crematorium in Norwich , where he and his wife are commemorated with a small plaque in the grounds of the Garden of Remembrance .
Camp Nichols Camp Nichols , also known as Fort Nichols or Camp Nichols Ranch , was a historic fortification located in present - day Cimarron County , Oklahoma . It was built by New Mexico and California volunteers under the command of Col . Kit Carson to protect travelers on the Cimarron Cut - off of the Santa Fe Trail from raids by the Kiowa and Comanche Indians . Established in 1865 and abandoned the next year , it was the only manmade structure along the Cimarron Cut - off while it was an active route . Only ruins remain . The site is located on private property and is not accessible to the public . The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963 and subsequently listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
Erwin Clausen Erwin Clausen ( 5 August 1911 – 4 October 1943 ) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Clausen was credited with 132 aerial victories — that is , 132 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft — with some unconfirmed victories in 561 combat missions . Military career . Clausen joined the Reichsmarine in 1931 but then transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1935 to receive flying training . He was promoted to " Feldwebel " before the outbreak of World War ΙΙ . He participated in the invasion of Poland and claimed his first victory when he shot down a PWS - 26 biplane trainer on 9 September 1939 . He scored more victories with some unconfirmed victories during the French campaign . On 1 February 1941 , Clausen , by now an " Oberleutnant " , was appointed " Staffelkapitän " of " 1 ( J ) / Lehrgeschwader 2 " ( LG 2 — 2nd Demonstration Wing ) to support of the invasion of the Balkans . After claiming three victories his unit withdrew to the Eastern front . In Russia , he was particularly successful and was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 22 May after achieving 52 victories . On 27 June , he was appointed " Staffelkapitän " of 6 . / Jagdgeschwader 77 ( JG 77 — 77 Fighter Wing ) . Clausen reached his 100th victory by shooting down an Il - 2 on 22 July 1942 . He was awarded Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross the next day . He was transferred to the Ergänzungs - Jagdgruppe Süd on 1 February 1943 , and later , promoted to " Hauptmann " , he became a " Gruppenkommandeur " of I . / Jagdgeschwader 11 on 20 June 1943 . This unit carried out " Reichsverteidigung " ( Defense of the Reich ) duties . On 4 October 1943 he shot down a B - 24 Liberator but then was killed in aerial combat over the North Sea in his Fw 190 A - 5 . Clausen was credited with 132 aerial victories with some unconfirmed victories in 561 combat missions . He recorded one victory over Poland , three over Yugoslavia ( these being Hawker Fury fighters of the 36th Fighter Group shot down over Režanovačka Kosa airfield near Kumanovo on 6 April 1941 ) , 14 victories over the Western front with the remaining victories achieved over the Eastern front . He was posthumously promoted to " Major " . Three of his brothers were killed in action during World War II .
Callimachus ( polemarch ) Callimachus or Callimachos ( ) was the Athenian polemarch at the Battle of Marathon at 490 BC . According to Herodotus he was from the Attica deme of Afidnes . The Battle of Marathon . As polemarch , Callimachus had a vote in military affairs along with the 10 " strategoi " , the generals , such as Miltiades . Miltiades convinced Callimachus to vote in favour of a battle when the " strategoi " were split evenly on the matter . At the battle , Callimachus commanded the right wing of the Athenian army , since the Athenians had a custom at that time that the polemarch should command the right wing . The right and left wings ( the left wing commanded by the Plataea ns ) surrounded the Persians after a seemingly suicidal charge by the centre line . Although the Greeks were victorious , Callimachus was killed . He was killed during the retreat of the Persians while he was chasing them to their ships . There was a custom at Athens that the father of the man who had the most valorous death in a battle should pronounce the funerary oration in public . So , after the battle of Marathon , the father of Callimachus and the father of Cynaegirus had an argue about who of their sons were the bravest . Polemon of Laodicea declaimed first on behalf of Cynaegirus and then on behalf of Callimachus . In addition , he was portrayed among the Athenian gods and heroes at the wall ‐ paintings on the Stoa Poikile and , also , Athenians erected a statue in honor of Callimachus , the " Nike of Callimachus " . The statue of the " Nike of Callimachus " . After the battle of Marathon , Athenians created a statue in honor of Callimachus . The statue was the " " Nike ( Victory ) of Callimachus " " and it was erected next to the Parthenon ( not the Parthenon that we can see today , but the previous temple which destroyed by the Persians ) on the Acropolis of Athens . The statue has been severely damaged by the Persians when a decade later conquered Athens and burned and destroyed the city . The statue depicts Nike ( Victory ) , in the form of a woman with wings , on top of an inscribed column . Its height is 4 . 68 meters and was built in marble . The head of the statue and parts of the torso and hands were never recovered . On October 26 , 2010 after the " Nike of Callimachus " was restored , it displayed to the public for the first time as a complete monument at the Acropolis Museum . The unveiling of the Nike monument was among a series of events scheduled by the culture and tourism ministry of Greece to celebrate the 2 , 500th anniversary since the Battle of Marathon .
Forward Operating Base Robinson FOB Robinson is a Forward Operating Base in Helmand Province , Afghanistan . It is located next to the Helmand River , near the town of Heydarabad . According to the U . S . Department of Defence , FOB Robinson got its name from an American soldier killed in action in Sangin District , Staff Sergeant Christopher L . Robinson , 36 , of Brandon , Mississippi . FOB Robinson is a forward mounting base for US Special Forces who have several A Teams located next to the British half of the camp .
Canteen ( bottle ) A canteen is a drinking water bottle designed to be used by hikers , campers , soldiers and workers in the field . It is usually fitted with a shoulder strap or means for fastening it to a belt , and may be covered with a cloth bag and padding to protect the bottle and insulate the contents . Also when the cloth was wet to start with , evaporation maintained the content somewhat cooler . Many canteens also include a nested canteen cup . Primitive canteens were sometimes made of hollowed - out gourds , such as a calabash , or were bags made of leather . Later , canteens consisted of a glass bottle in a woven basket cover . The bottle was usually closed with a cork stopper . Designs of the mid - 1900s were made of metal — tin - plated steel , stainless steel or aluminium — with a screw cap , the cap frequently being secured to the bottle neck with a short chain or strap to prevent loss . These were an improvement over glass bottles , but were subject to developing pinhole leaks if dented , dropped or bumped against jagged rocks . Contemporary designs are almost exclusively made of one of several types of plastics , especially polyethylene or polycarbonate . They are typically as light as , or lighter than , their metal equivalents and are quite resistant to developing leaks , even when dropped or severely bumped . Hunter - gatherer s in the Kalahari use ostrich eggshell as water containers in which they puncture a hole to enable them to be used as canteens . The presence of such eggshells dating from the Howiesons Poort period of the Middle Stone Age at Diepkloof Rock Shelter in South Africa suggests canteens were used by humans as early as 60 , 000 years ago .
Aaron Bancroft Aaron Bancroft ( November 10 , 1755 – August 19 , 1839 ) was an American clergyman . He was born in Reading , Massachusetts to Samuel Bancroft and Lydia Parker . He began his studies during the American Revolution , and served as a minuteman , and was present , at the battles of both Lexington and Bunker Hill . He graduated from Harvard in 1778 and subsequently taught , studied theology and spent three years as a missionary in Yarmouth , Nova Scotia . In 1785 he settled in Worcester , Massachusetts as pastor of the Congregational church , and remained in the same post until his death in 1839 . During the middle of his life his theological views leaned toward Arminianism and by his advocacy of liberalism he became a noted leader in the early period of the Unitarian schism . He published a eulogy of George Washington in , 1800 and wrote a subsequent biography of Washington in 1807 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1805 . Although president of the American Unitarian Association , he adhered to the name and system of Congregationalism until his death in Worcester , Massachusetts . His son was George Bancroft , American historian , United States Secretary of the Navy and United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom .
List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients This list represents all of the 146 United States military personnel who received the Medal of Honor for valor in combat during the Korean War . 98 Medals of Honor were awarded posthumously . The Korean War was an escalation of border clashes between two rival Korean regimes ( each of which was supported by external powers ) with each Korean regime trying to topple the other through political and guerilla tactics . In a very narrow sense , some may refer to it as a civil war , though many other factors were at play . After failing to strengthen their cause in the free elections held in South Korea during May 1950 and the refusal of South Korea to hold new elections per North Korean demands , the communist North Korean Army moved south on June 25 , 1950 to attempt to reunite the Korean peninsula , which had been formally divided since 1948 . The conflict was then expanded by the United States and the Soviet Union ' s involvement as part of the larger Cold War . The main hostilities were during the period from June 25 , 1950 until the armistice was signed on July 27 , 1953 . Korean War . Medal of Honor recipients . The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces . The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States . Due to the nature of this medal , it is commonly presented posthumously . US Air Force – 4 < br > US Army – 93 < br > US Marine Corps – 42 < br > US Navy – 7