naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SM U - 41 ( Germany ) SM " U - 41 " ' was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I . " U - 41 " engaged in naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic . " U - 41 " was sunk by British Q - ship on September 24 , 1915 in the Second Baralong Incident . At this stage in the war , U - boat commanders were under orders to scrupulously observe the rules of war ( the " cruiser rules " ) . After spotting merchant targets , submarines surfaced nearby , boarded the ships , and searched for contraband . This prevented the sinking of neutral vessels , but exposed the submarines to great risk . Prior to being sunk , a boarding party from " U - 41 " went aboard merchantman SS " Urbino " . After finding war material on board , the merchant crew were evacuated to lifeboats . ( This was a violation of the cruiser rules , since lifeboats were not " a place of safety " . ) " U - 41 " was in the process of sinking " Urbino " with gunfire when ( in the guise of the American - flagged merchantman " Baralong " ) arrived on the scene , flying an American flag . When " U - 41 " approached , " Wyandra " , fired on and sank the U - boat without striking the American flag . This was a violation of the rules of war ; while the use of a False Flag was allowed , it was required that a belligerent identify themselves before initiating hostilities . The event generated widespread outrage in Germany , especially among " Kriegsmarine " officers . The sinking was also commemorated in a propaganda medal designed by the German engraver Karl Goetz .
23rd ( Northumbrian ) Division The 23rd ( Northumbrian ) Division was a 2nd Line Territorial Army duplicate of the 50th ( Northumbrian ) Infantry Division during the Second World War . History . The 23rd ( Northumbrian ) Division was raised in October 1939 , and was sent to France on 22 April 1940 on Labour and training duties , without any of its artillery , signals , or administration units . On 20 May 1940 the division suffered heavy casualties trying to delay the German advance at Arras . On its return to Britain , after Dunkirk , the 23rd Division was disbanded due to the heavy losses it had suffered . Its component units , however , would go on to see further action ; the 69th Brigade was assigned to 50th ( Northumbrian ) Infantry Division , the division ' s first - line counterpart , and the 70th Infantry Brigade was assigned to 49th ( West Riding ) Infantry Division . Its Machine Gun and Motorcycle battalions , the 8th ( Motorcycle ) and 9th ( Machine Gun ) Battalions the Northumberland Fusiliers , would also survive with the 9th surviving until February 1942 as the Machine Gun Battalion for the 18th Division until its capture at Singapore and the 8th would survive until the end of the war having been converted to the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment the Reconnaissance Corps under the 3rd British Infantry Division right up till the end of the war .
Stanley McKenzie Matthew Stanley McKenzie ( 17 May 1890 – 8 December 1915 ) was an Australian first - class cricketer and Australian rules footballer . A right - handed opening batsman , he played five first - class matches for Tasmania between 1910 and 1913 . He was recruited by Australia rules club Carlton in 1914 , playing 14 VFL games , including a Preliminary Final , and kicking 6 goals . The Tasmanian had represented his state at the 1911 Adelaide Carnival , while playing with Launceston . McKenzie signed with the AIF as a medical orderly during the war ( he was a Sergeant with the 1st Australian Clearing Hospital , First A . I . F . ) and spent some time at Gallipoli before being moved to Alexandria in Egypt . He suffered appendicitis while in Egypt and lost his life .
Henry Braid Wilson Henry Braid Wilson , Jr . ( 23 February 1861 – 30 January 1954 ) was an Admiral in the United States Navy during World War I . Biography . Henry Wilson was a native of Camden , New Jersey . He joined the United States Navy in the latter part of the nineteenth century and continued to serve for over forty years . He graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy in 1881 , His assignments included duties as Commanding Officer of the USS " North Dakota " , Inspector , Senior Inspector and President of the Board of Inspection and Survey from November 1913 until May 1916 , and Commanding Officer of the USS " Pennsylvania " ( BB - 38 ) in 1916 . During World War I , he served as Commander , Patrol Forces , Atlantic Fleet and then Commander , U . S . Naval Forces , France . After the World War he served as Commander - In - Chief of the Atlantic Fleet 1919 - 1921 , Commander - In - Chief of the U . S . Battle Fleet and later Superintendent of the U . S . Naval Academy 1921 - 1925 , two notable students of his at the academy were cadets and future Admiral Hyman G . Rickover , class of 1922 , and Admiral Arleigh A . Burke , class of 1923 . Admiral Wilson retired in 1925 , following forty - four years of service . Admiral Wilson died in 1954 in New York City , at the time of his death he was the oldest living admiral of the United States Navy . Admiral Wilson ' s son - in - law was Hoover Administration United States Secretary of War Patrick J . Hurley .
Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard The Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard ( CHCG ) is the senior chaplain of the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and is attached to USCG Headquarters in Washington , D . C . as a United States Navy Chaplain Corps officer who reports directly to the Commandant of the Coast Guard . The current Chaplain of the Coast Guard is Captain Gary P . Weeden . Purpose . The Chaplain of the Coast Guard serves as the Commandant ' s senior advisor on matters pertaining to chaplains and the free exercise of religion by USCG personnel . Chaplains provide religious ministry , advocate for and promote the well - being of USCG personnel , and serve as command liaison officer s to civilian religious leaders , communities , organizations and agencies . The USCG does not have its own chaplain corps . United States Navy and Public Health Service chaplains from the United States Navy Chaplain Corps are assigned to the USCG to serve in USCG units . The USCG Chaplains Orientation Manual provides guidance for chaplains assigned to these duties . Chaplains come from many different faiths and may be ordained or appointed as ministers , priests , imams , and rabbis .
USS Abingdon ( PC - 1237 ) USS " Abingdon " ( PC - 1237 ) was a " PC - 461 " class coastal patrol ship in the service of the United States Navy , named after the town of Abingdon , Virginia . She was laid down as the unnamed " PC - 1237 " on 14 February 1943 at Consolidated Shipbuilding in Morris Heights , New York ; launched on 3 April 1943 , sponsored by Mrs . David Challinor ; and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 26 July 1943 with Lt . J . F . Weller , Jr . in command . Service history . World War II . After fitting out , " PC - 1237 " departed New York on 10 August 1943 for New London , Connecticut , arriving there the following day . The submarine chaser then conducted tests under the auspices of the Bureau of Ships for the Underwater Sound Laboratory at New London for the remainder of August . " PC - 1237 " cleared that port on 1 September 1943 for points south ; proceeding via Tompkinsville , the ship reached Miami soon thereafter and commenced shakedown training . She completed these evolutions early in October and , proceeding by way of Key West arrived in Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , on 12 September . " PC - 1237 " began escorting convoys between Guantanamo Bay and Trinidad soon thereafter , occasionally touching at Kingston , Jamaica , and San Juan , Puerto Rico , during that time period . She performed that duty until early in 1945 . At the beginning of February 1945 , the submarine chaser was reassigned to temporary duty conducting tests at Antigua for the Naval Research Laboratory , an assignment that occupied her through the remainder of World War II and the early months of 1946 . Late in this period , she visited Frederikstad , St . Croix , in the Virgin Islands , for a port call on Navy Day , 27 October 1945 . Post - war operations . On 24 May 1946 , " PC - 1237 " departed San Juan and began a voyage that took her northward along the east coast of the United States , touching at Miami and Norfolk en route , and then up the St . Lawrence River to the Great Lakes . There , the ship began training naval reservists of the 9th Naval District . " PC - 1237 " continued naval reserve training duty until she was placed out of commission , in reserve , in October 1949 , and was berthed at Norfolk with the Atlantic Reserve Fleet for almost a decade . During that time , in February 1956 , she was named " Abingdon " . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 1 April 1959 , but her subsequent fate is not known .
Samuel Goudsmit Samuel Abraham Goudsmit ( July 11 , 1902 – December 4 , 1978 ) was a Dutch - American physicist famous for jointly proposing the concept of electron spin with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925 . Biography . Goudsmit studied physics at the University of Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest , where he obtained his PhD in 1927 . After receiving his PhD , Goudsmit served as a Professor at the University of Michigan between 1927 and 1946 . In 1930 he co - authored a text with Linus Pauling titled " The Structure of Line Spectra . " During World War II he worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He was also the scientific head of the Alsos Mission and successfully reached the German group of nuclear physicists around Werner Heisenberg and Otto Hahn at Hechingen ( then French zone ) in advance of the French physicist Yves Rocard . Alsos was part of the Manhattan Project , which was designed to assess the progress of the Nazi atomic bomb project . In the book " Alsos " published in 1947 , Goudsmit concludes that the Germans did not get close to creating a weapon , which he attributed to the inability of science to function under a totalitarian state ( the development of atomic weapons by at least two other totalitarian states has been seen to contradict that conclusion , although later atomic weapons were developed with the knowledge of their possibility , sometimes with stolen technology ) . His other conclusion , that the German scientists simply did not understand how to make an atomic bomb , has been disputed by later historians ( see Heisenberg ) , but his assessment of the lack of progress in the German program — if not his conclusions as to " why " it was that way — has generally held up over time . After the war he was briefly a professor at Northwestern University and from 1948 - 1970 was a senior scientist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory , chairing the Physics Department 1952 - 1960 . He meanwhile became well known as the Editor - in - chief of the leading physics journal Physical Review , published by the American Physical Society . In July 1958 he started the journal Physical Review Letters . On his retirement as editor in 1974 , Goudsmit moved to the faculty of the University of Nevada in Reno , where he remained until his death four years later . He also made some scholarly contributions to Egyptology published in Expedition , Summer 1972 , pp . 13 – 16 ; American Journal of Archaeology 78 , 1974 p . 78 ; and Journal of Near Eastern Studies 40 , 1981 pp . 43 – 46 . The Samuel A . Goudsmit Collection of Egyptian Antiquities resides at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor , Michigan .
Craig Hosmer Chester Craig Hosmer ( May 6 , 1915 – October 11 , 1982 ) was a United States Representative from California . Hosmer was born in Brea , California , in Orange County . He attended the public schools , graduated from Long Beach Polytechnic High School . Hosmer graduated from the University of California , Berkeley in 1937 . Hosmer attended the University of Michigan Law School in 1938 and graduated from the University of Southern California Law School in 1940 . He was admitted to the bar in 1940 and began practice in Long Beach , California . He enlisted in the United States Navy in July 1940 and advanced to the rank of commander ; rear admiral , Naval Reserve . He was an attorney with the U . S . Atomic Energy Commission at Los Alamos , New Mexico and special assistant United States District Attorney for New Mexico in 1948 . He then returned to Long Beach , California to private practice . Hosmer was unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1950 to the Eighty - second Congress . He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty - third and to the ten succeeding Congresses and served from January 3 , 1953 , until his resignation December 31 , 1974 . He was not a candidate for reelection in 1974 to the Ninety - fourth Congress . He was president of the American Nuclear Energy Council from 1975 - 1979 . He was a resident of Washington , D . C . until his death on October 11 , 1982 , aboard a cruise ship bound for Mexico . He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia .
Josiah Tattnall ( Senator ) Josiah Tattnall , Sr . ( 1762June 6 , 1803 ) was an American planter , soldier and politician from Savannah , Georgia . He represented Georgia in the U . S . Senate from 1796 to 1799 and was the 25th Governor of Georgia in 1801 and 1802 . Born near Savannah , Georgia , he studied at Eton School before joining Anthony Wayne ' s troops at Ebenezer during the American Revolutionary War . After the war , he was elected brigadier general of the 1st Regiment in the Georgia Militia before being elected governor in 1801 . He died in Nassau , New Providence . Legacy . Tattnall County , Georgia is named after him . His son , Josiah Tattnall , Jr . , served as a captain in both the U . S . Navy and the Confederate Navy .
Battle of Goldsboro Bridge The Battle of Goldsborough Bridge took place on December 17 , 1862 , in Wayne County , North Carolina , as part of the Union expedition to Goldsboro , North Carolina , during the American Civil War . Background . In December 1862 , both the Union Army and Confederate forces desired to secure the strategically significant Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Bridge . On December 17 , an expedition under Union Maj . Gen . John G . Foster reached the railroad near Everettsville , aiming to destroy this bridge in order to put an end to the vital supply chain from the port of Wilmington . Battle . Foster ' s men began destroying the tracks north toward the Goldsborough Bridge . Clingman ' s Confederate brigade delayed the advance , but was unable to prevent the destruction of the bridge . Foster ' s troops overpowered the small number of defending Confederate soldiers and successfully burned down the bridge . His mission accomplished , Foster departed to return to their base at New Bern . On their way back , Foster ' s men were again attacked by Confederate forces , but they repulsed the assault , taking far less casualties than the enemy . Aftermath . Foster arrived at his camp on December 20 . Total casualties for the campaign ( All three engagements at Kinston , White Hall , and Goldsboro ) were : Federal 577 ( 90 killed , 478 wounded and 9 missing / captured ) Confederate casualties were reported at 738 ( 71 killed , 268 wounded and 400 missing / captured )
Revolutionary Organization of Armed People Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms ( ) was one of the four groups of armed resistance during the Guatemalan Civil War . In the 1970s , a new organization installed itself in the mountains and the forests above the coffee estates . The Revolutionary Organization of Armed People ( ORPA ) was started by local youth and university intellectuals . Of the various Guatemalan guerrilla groups , ORPA seemed the least violent , partly because it was led by the urbane Rodrigo Asturias , the son of Miguel Ángel Asturias , Guatemala ' s Nobel Laureate in literature . ORPA was also a group to which , with a few horrifying exceptions , the army did not respond with its trademark village massacres . Why this was so is an interesting question . One possibility is ORPA ' s decision not to organize villages as publicly declared support bases . Another possible explanation is that planters needed their workers ' labor too much for the army to slaughter them en masse .
Yarbay Yarbay is the Turkish military rank of Lieutenant Colonel . In normal circumstance they serve 3 years ( shorter than others ) because of " preparation rank " . In the Turkish Army ( Kara Kuvvetleri ) and Turkish Gendarmerie ( Jandarma ) they serve as battalion commanding officer , in Turkish Navy battleship executive officer and in Turkish Air Force serve as squadron commander . In the normal circumstances , they have to wait a short period of time to be colonel .
Mutsuhiro Watanabe Mutsuhiro Watanabe ( 渡辺むつひろ , born circa 1918 - died April 2003 ) , POW given nickname , " The Bird " , was an Imperial Japanese Army sergeant in World War II who served at POW camps in Ōfuna , Naoetsu ( present day Jōetsu , Niigata ) , and Mitsushima ( present day Hiraoka ) . Watanabe was classified as a Class - A war criminal following the war for his abuse of prisoners of war ( POWs ) held by the Japanese military . Louis Zamperini . Watanabe took a special interest in American track star Louis Zamperini . Zamperini was a legend to the villagers of Ofuna , Japan , and Watanabe felt that Zamperini challenged his authority for that reason . Once he made Zamperini hold a heavy wooden log over his head for over 37 minutes , at the end of which Watanabe punched him in the stomach . Watanabe openly admitted getting a sexual thrill from beating prisoners . Watanabe had unceasing mood swings . One minute he would be beating a prisoner , and the next he would be handing them fistfuls of candy and cigarettes . Zamperini was transferred to Naoetsu , a beautiful snowy mountainous region . Excited at the prospect of being free of " The Bird , " his hopes were crushed when he found out that Watanabe had also been transferred to Naoetsu . In 1945 , General Douglas MacArthur included Watanabe as number 23 on his list of the 40 most wanted war criminals in Japan . Watanabe went into hiding for seven years and was never prosecuted , emerging back into society only after war crimes prosecutions were stopped and the U . S . Occupation of Japan was ending . During his time in hiding , Watanabe , worked on a farm and in a small grocery store ; he also visited his mother at a restaurant every few years to let her know he was alive . In 1956 , the Japanese literary magazine " Bungeishunjū " published an interview with Watanabe titled " I do not want to be punished by America . " Late Life . Following the Occupation , Watanabe became a life insurance salesman and was reportedly wealthy , owning a $ 1 . 5 million apartment in Tokyo and a vacation condominium on the Gold Coast of Australia . Prior to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , the CBS News program " 60 Minutes " interviewed Watanabe at the Hotel Okura in Tokyo as part of a feature on Zamperini , a Watanabe ' s former prisoner who was returning to carry the Olympic Flame torch through Naoetsu en route to Nagano . Watanabe did not apologize in the interview , but acknowledged beating and kicking prisoners . " I wasn ' t given military orders . Because of my own personal feelings , I treated the prisoners strictly as enemies of Japan . " Zamperini forgave Watanabe and wanted to meet with him , but Watanabe declined the meeting , probably fearful of repercussions after some accusatory questions in the earlier press interviews . Watanabe died in April 2003 . Watanabe ' s abuses are detailed in the Laura Hillenbrand ' s book about Zamperini titled " " .
Tadeusz Machalski Tadeusz Machalski ( 1893 - 1987 ) was a Polish military officer and a diplomat . Serving in the Polish Army in the rank of Captain , he took part in the Polish - Bolshevik War as a cavalry NCO . After the war he remained in the military and briefly commanded the Polish 7th Cavalry Regiment between June and September 1924 . Dispatched to staff and training duties , he continued his career as one of cavalry instructors . He was also the author of several cavalry handbooks and numerous articles for the " Przegląd kawaleryjski " ( Cavalry Review ) monthly . Opposed to Piłsudski , Machalski was nevertheless promoted to the rank of General while he left active service and started his career as a military attache of Poland in Ankara , Turkey . After the outbreak of World War II and the Polish defeat in the Polish Defensive War of 1939 , Machalski was one of the people behind the creation of the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifles Brigade in Syria . He served at various non - notable posts during the war . Afterwards he remained in exile in the United Kingdom , where he authored several books and memoirs .
John S . Casement John Stephen " Jack " Casement ( January 1 , 1829 – December 13 , 1909 ) was a general and brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a noted railroad contractor . He directed the constructional phase of the Transcontinental Railroad , which linked the Western United States with the East . Early life and career . John S . Casement was born in Geneva , New York . He worked as a railroad contractor before marrying Frances Jennings in 1857 . Civil War . Just a few years later , as the Civil War was beginning in 1861 , he was appointed as a major in an Ohio volunteer infantry regiment and served in the Shenandoah Valley against Confederates under Stonewall Jackson . Late in 1863 , he was appointed colonel of the 103rd Ohio Volunteer Regiment and fought in the operations around Knoxville . He continued to lead his regiment during the first phase of the Atlanta Campaign in 1864 . During the Siege of Atlanta , he assumed command of the 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , XXIII Corps . His brigade held the center of the Union line at the Battle of Franklin , where his commanding officer , Jacob D . Cox , credited him with " saving the day for the Union . " He was appointed as a brigadier general by brevet commission in January 1865 and was transferred to North Carolina along with the rest of the XXIII Corps . During the Carolinas Campaign , he took a prominent part in the Battle of Wilmington , which was to be his last major combat . Postbellum career . After the war , he resumed his involvement in the burgeoning railroad industry . In 1866 , Thomas Clark Durant appointed Major General Grenville M . Dodge as the chief engineer for the Union Pacific Railroad during the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad . Dodge hired Casement and his brother Daniel to direct the construction crews . Daniel Casement was responsible for financing the operations , while John directed the construction crews who took to calling their boss " General Jack . " The brothers oversaw the construction from Fremont , Nebraska , to the railroad ' s completion at Promontory , Utah . Casement died in Painesville , Ohio , on December 13 , 1909 . Casement Airport is named in his memory , as was a World War II liberty ship , the SS " John S . Casement " .
HMS Auriga ( P419 ) HMS " Auriga " ( P419 ) , was an " Amphion " - class submarine of the Royal Navy , built by Vickers Armstrong and launched 29 March 1945 . In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II .