naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hiero II of Syracuse Hiero II ( c . 308 BC – 215 BC ) was the Greek Sicilian king of Syracuse from 270 to 215 BC , and the illegitimate son of a Syracusan noble , Hierocles , who claimed descent from Gelo n . He was a former general of Pyrrhus of Epirus and an important figure of the First Punic War . Punic War . On the departure of Pyrrhus from Sicily ( 275 BC ) the Syracusan army and citizens appointed him commander of the troops . He strengthened his position by marrying the daughter of Leptines , the leading citizen . In the meantime , the Mamertines , a body of Campanian mercenaries who had been employed by Agathocles , had seized the stronghold of Messana , and proceeded in harassing the Syracusans . They were finally defeated in a pitched battle near Mylae by Hiero , who was only prevented from capturing Messana by Carthaginian interference . His grateful countrymen then made him king ( 270 ) . In 264 BC he again returned to the attack , and the Mamertines called in the aid of Rome . Hiero at once joined the Punic leader Hanno , who had recently landed in Sicily ; but fighting a battle to an inconclusive outcome with the Romans led by the consul Appius Claudius Caudex , he withdrew to Syracuse . As King of Syracuse . Pressed by the Roman forces , in 263 he concluded a treaty with Rome , by which he was to rule over the south - east of Sicily and the eastern coast as far as Tauromenium . From this time until his death in 215 BC he remained loyal to the Romans , and frequently assisted them with men and provisions during the Punic war . He kept up a powerful fleet for defensive purposes , and employed his famous kinsman Archimedes in the construction of those engines that , at a later date , played so important a part during the siege of Syracuse by the Romans . According to a story told by Vitruvius , Hiero suspected he was being cheated by the goldsmith to whom he had supplied the gold to make a votive crown for a temple . He asked Archimedes to find out if all the gold had been used , as had been agreed . Archimedes , on discovering the principle of displacement needed to measure the density of the crown is said to have shouted " eureka , eureka ! " while running naked through Syracuse . Vitruvius concludes this story by stating that Archimedes ' method successfully detected the goldsmith ' s fraud ; he had taken some of the gold and substituted silver instead . Legacy and honors . A picture of the prosperity of Syracuse during his rule is given in the sixteenth idyll of Theocritus , his favourite poet . In " The Prince " ( VI ) , Machiavelli cites Hiero as an exceptionally virtuous man and a rare example of someone who rose to princehood from private station , comparing him to Moses , Cyrus , Theseus , and Romulus .
Penlee Battery Penlee Battery is a nature reserve lying on the coastal headland of Penlee Point on the Rame Peninsula , in southeast Cornwall , United Kingdom . The site was formerly a fort , constructed from about 1890 . It contained the largest gun of the Plymouth defences , a 13 . 5 inch BL , and was in active service through both World Wars . Some gun emplacements still remain . It is famous among dragonfly enthusiasts as the site where Britain ' s first Green Darner dragonfly was found , in 1998 .
Patapsco - class gasoline tanker The " Patapsco " - class of gasoline tankers were a class of tankers built for the United States Navy during World War II . The class consisted of 23 tankers , designated AOG - 1 through AOG - 11 , and AOG - 48 to AOG - 59 . References .
Ulven concentration camp Ulven concentration camp was established by the Nazi administration of occupied Norway in Os , Hordaland in June 1940 , and was the first of its kind in Norway . It was designated a " Polizeihäftlingslager " , under the administration of the Nazi " Security Police " ( SIPO ) . Initially , prisoners were Jewish or Communist , but a broader array of members from prosecuted groups began arriving at the camp . Conditions were relatively benign until 1942 , when " Untersturmführer " Otmar Holenia , nicknamed the Storm , took command and imposed harsher conditions . Ulven was used for purposes of executing individuals for various reasons . It is not known how many were murdered in the camp . In the course of the summer of 1943 , all prisoners at Ulven were transferred to Espeland concentration camp nearby .
Mark 43 torpedo The 10 " Mark 43 torpedo was the first and smallest of the United States Navy light - weight anti - submarine torpedoes . This electrically propelled 10 - inch ( 25 - cm ) torpedo was 92 inches ( 2 . 3 m ) long and weighed 265 pounds ( 120 kg ) . Described as " a submersible guided missile " , the torpedo was designed for air or surface launch . The Mod 0 configuration was designed for launch from helicopters or fixed - wing aircraft , and the Mod 1 configuration was for helicopters only . Both were electrically driven and deep - diving , but had relatively short range . They were classified as obsolete in the 1960s . The Royal Navy purchased fifty examples of the Mark 43 in favour of an improved version of their 18 inch Mark 30 " Dealer B "
Volga Tatar Legion The Volga - Tatar Legion ( ) or Legion Idel - Ural ( Janalif : " Idel - Ural Legionь " ) was a volunteer Wehrmacht unit composed of Muslim Volga Tatars , but also included other Idel - Ural peoples such as Bashkirs , Chuvashes , Mari people , Udmurt people , and Mordva .
Stanislav Čeček Stanislav Čeček ( November 13 , 1896 - May 29 , 1930 ) was a Czechoslovakian general . Stanislav Čeček was born in Austria - Hungary in the family of a forester , studied in a trading school at Praha . Since 1911 he worked at the Moscow office of " Laurin a Klement " company . When the First World War began , Čeček joined the " Czech team " of Russia Army . At March 31 , 1917 he was awarded by Order of St . George ( 4th degree ) . Later he took part in formation the Czechoslovak Legion , became a commander of the 4th Regiment . At May , 1918 , Čeček took part in Revolt of Czechoslovak Legion and became the commander - in - chief of the Volga Front of People Army of Komuch . At October , 1918 he went to Vladivostok , and was evacuated from Russia at September , 1920 . In Czechoslovakia Čeček became a deputy chief of the General Staff . During 1921 - 1923 he studied in France at École spéciale militaire de Saint - Cyr . After returning he received a rank of division general and became a chief of president ' s Military Office . Since 1926 he was a chief of Aviation Department in the Defense Ministry . Since 1928 he is a commander of 5th Infantry Division in České Budějovice .
Waterloo Medal The Waterloo Medal was awarded to any soldier of the British Army who took part in one or more of the following battles : Battle of Ligny ( 16 June 1815 ) , Battle of Quatre Bras ( 16 June 1815 ) , and the Battle of Waterloo ( 18 June 1815 ) . The medal was issued in 1816 – 17 to every soldier present at one or more of these battles . They were also credited with two years extra service and pay , to count for all purposes . The soldier was known and described as a ' Waterloo Man ' . The obverse of this medal bears the effigy of the Prince Regent with the inscription ' GEORGE P . REGENT ' , while the reverse depicts the seated figure of Victory with the words ' WELLINGTON ' and ' WATERLOO ' below and the date ' JUNE 15 1815 ' . The ribbon passes through a large iron ring on top of the medal . The medal is made of silver and is 37mm wide . A total of 39 , 000 were awarded . This is the first medal issued by the British Government to all soldiers present at an action . The Military General Service Medal ( MGSM ) commemorates earlier battles , but was not issued until 1848 . The Waterloo Medal was also the first campaign medal awarded to the next - of - kin of men killed in action . It was also the first medal on which the recipient ' s name was impressed around the edge by machine .
Joseph Irlam Joseph Irlam ( born 1840 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1840 in Liverpool , England , Irlam immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U . S . Navy . He served during the Civil War as a seaman on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he was stationed at the ship ' s wheel when " Brooklyn " took heavy fire . After several members of the gun crews became casualties , he ordered two of his assistants to take their places , leaving himself with only one aide for the remainder of the battle . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Irlam ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Stationed at the wheel on board the U . S . S . " Brooklyn " during action against rebel forts and gunboats and with the ram " Tennessee " in Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . When heavy enemy fire struck down several men at their guns and replacements were not available , Irlam voluntarily released 2 men who were stationed with him and carried on at the wheel with the assistance of only one of the crew throughout the furious battle .
Fort Pillow State Park Fort Pillow State Park is a state park in western Tennessee that preserves the American Civil War site of the Battle of Fort Pillow . The 1 , 642 acre ( 6 . 6 km² ) Fort Pillow , located in Lauderdale County on the Chickasaw Bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River , is rich in both historic and archaeological significance . Confederate fort 1861 . In 1861 , the Confederate States Army built extensive fortifications here and named the site for General Gideon Johnson Pillow of Maury County . Union fort , and Battle of Fort Pillow . Because of its strategic location , controlling traffic on the Mississippi River , the fort was attacked and captured by the Union Army , which controlled it during most of the war . An exception to this control occurred for less than one day immediately after the Battle of Fort Pillow in 1864 . June 4 , 1862 – American Civil War : Confederate troops evacuated Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River , leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis , Tennessee . The Confederate victory at the Battle of Fort Pillow ( April 1864 ) ended in the killing of 229 black and white Union soldiers out of 262 engaged in the battle . This slaughter by the Southern troops under Gen . Nathan Bedford Forrest has been labeled a massacre ; Confederate apologists still debate how much " slaughter " actually took place , and some believe the reports were exaggerated . While the Union casualty count for the battle does not indicate that the Confederate forces took many prisoners , Confederate records show about 200 prisoners were shipped south . In any case , " Remember Fort Pillow ! " became a battle cry among Black soldiers for the remainder of the Civil War . In 1866 , the Union Army created a cemetery for both Confederate and Union soldiers south of the battle site . In 1867 , they moved about 250 bodies of Confederate and Union soldiers from that cemetery to the Memphis National Cemetery . Historic site and museum . In 1973 , the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places . It was further declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 . Remains of the earthworks were well - preserved as of 2011 . The park has an interpretive center and museum ( open 8 a . m . – 4 p . m . daily , except for certain holidays ) . Tours of the museum and restored fortifications are available upon request . The park also offers many recreational activities , including camping , picnicking and fishing .
Félix Verdeja Bardales Félix Verdeja Bardales ( 10 April 1904 – 1977 ) was a major in the Spanish Army . Verdeja was the designer principally responsible for the Verdeja light tank , between 1938 and 1954 . Bardales was born in the Asturian village of Panes in Peñamellera Baja .
Apollinarius ( governor ) Apollinarius was a Byzantine governor of the Balearic Islands , appointed in 534 . The main source about him is Procopius . Biography . Apollinarius was a native of the Italian Peninsula , but apparently settled in the Vandal Kingdom of North Africa while still underage . He grew up to serve King Hilderic ( r . 523 - 530 ) and was reportedly rewarded " with great sums of money " . When Hilderic was ovethrown by Gelimer ( r . 530 - 534 ) , Apollinarius escaped to Constantinople . He and other political exiles asked Justinian I ( r . 527 - 565 ) to intervene . Justinian soon started the Vandalic War . Apollinarius served under Belisarius in the War and " proved himself a brave man " . He took part in the Battle of Tricamarum ( 15 December , 533 ) and his contact earned him the favour of Belisarius . In 534 , Apollinarius was rewarded with appointment as governor over the islands of Ibiza , Majorca and Minorca . His authority possibly extended over the rest of the Balearic Islands , but they are not named in primary sources . His subsequent activities are unknown .
60th Army ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 60th Army was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) III Army Group , during the Korean War . History . The 60th Army comprised at least the 180th Division . During what the Chinese call the 5th campaign ( May , 1950 ) , the CPV suffered its largest loss : the 180th Division of the 60th Army was totally destroyed . Roughly 3 , 000 men escaped earlier ( including the division commander and other high - ranking officers ) , but the majority of the division were killed or captured . During the final days of the 5th campaign , the main body of the 180th Division was encircled during a UN counterattack , and after days of hard fighting , the division is fragmented , and regiments flee in all directions . Soldiers either desert or are abandoned bytheir officers during failed attempts to wage guerilla warfare without support from locals . Finally , out of ammunition and food , some five thousand soldiers are captured , including the Division Commissar Pei Shan . The division commander and other officers who escaped were subsequently investigated and demoted back in China . Current . The current status of this unit is unknown .
Operation Overload Operation Overload was a military operation by the Rhodesian Army that took place over six weeks starting on 27 July 1974 . The operation resulted in the movement of 49 , 960 people into twenty - one protected villages in the Chiweshe Tribal Trust Land . The movement resulted in the deaths of a few of the people being moved .
USS Moccasin ( 1864 ) The first USS " Moccasin " , a wood screw tug , was built as " Hero " in 1864 at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and purchased by the US Navy on 11 July 1864 from S . & J . M . Flanagan at Philadelphia ; and commissioned 14 July 1864 at Philadelphia Navy Yard , Acting Ensign James Brown in command . Service . Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron , on 25 July " Hero " was renamed " Moccasin " . She acted as guard boat off Fort Delaware until 13 August when " Moccasin " joined tug and in pursuit of blockade ‑ runner CSS " Tallahassee " . The two tugs cruised as far north as Nantucket Island , Massachusetts . , before returning to Philadelphia 19 August . " Moccasin " resumed patrol off Fort Delaware into early 1865 . On 13 March 1865 " Moccasin " was ordered to St . Inigoes , Maryland , for duty with the Potomac Flotilla under Commander Foxhall A . Parker . Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox 9 April , but the news was slow in spreading . With half of the flotilla released from service in May , " Moccasin " continued operations in the Potomac River . On 30 July took " Moccasin " in tow for Norfolk , Virginia where the tug debarked patients from the Washington , DC , naval hospital . Upon return to Washington , " Moccasin " was decommissioned 12 August and sold 18 September 1865 to the Treasury Department for use as a revenue cutter .
Crosbie E . Saint Crosbie Edgerton Saint ( born September 29 , 1936 ) is a retired United States Army four - star general who served as Commander in Chief , U . S . Army Europe / Commander , Central Army Group ( CINCUSAREUR / COMCENTAG ) from 1988 to 1992 . Military career . Saint was born at West Point , New York on September 29 , 1936 . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1958 , receiving his commission in Armor . He is the son of a career soldier , Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Saint , who commanded the 14th Engineer Regiment ( PS ) , a combat engineer unit of the Philippine Scouts of the US Army , at Fort William McKinley , the Philippine Islands , in the early 1940s . LTC Saint perished while he was a prisoner of war of the Imperial Japanese Army following the mass surrender of the Fil - American forces on the Bataan peninsula in April 1942 . Saint served two tours in Vietnam , and had five tours with U . S . Army , Europe . In addition to commanding U . S . Army Europe , his commands include Commander , 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment ; Commander , Seventh Army Training Command ; Commanding General , 1st Armored Division ; and Commanding General , III Corps and Fort Hood , Texas . He retired from the army on September 1 , 1992 . His military and civilian education includes the Armed Forces Staff College , Army War College , and a Master of Arts degree in International Relations from American University . Post military . After retiring from the military , Saint established a consulting firm specializing in foreign relations and national security issues . He also serves on the Army Science Board , is Vice President , Europe for Military Professional Resources , and at one time sat on the advisory board for the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs , and the DRS Technologies Board of Directors . He previously served as Chairman , for the Vice President ' s National Performance Review on Intelligence Support to the Ground Forces .
Hermann - Albert Schrader Hermann - Albert Schrader ( 10 February 1913 – 13 June 1942 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Edward Brabant Major - General Sir Edward Yewd Brabant , KCB , CMG , born 1839 , was a South African colonial military commander . He served in the 9th Xhosa War ( 1877 – 1878 ) , First Matabele War ( 1893 – 1894 ) , and other campaigns . During the Second Boer War ( 1899 – 1902 ) , he commanded the Colonial Division in 1900 , and the Colonial Defence Force of Cape Colony in 1901 . First Matabele War . Captain Brabant oversaw the Ndebele employed by the British South Africa Company forces in Fort Victoria , Matabeleland ( now Masvingo , Zimbabwe ) . He worked with " Matabele " Benjamin Wilson from Cumberland , who was one of the twelve scouts for Allan Wilson ' s Victoria Column . The other column scouts were : Bob Bain ( Canadian ) , Frederick Russell Burnham ( American ) , Jack Carruthers , Art Cummings , Duncan Dollar , Pearl " Pete " Ingram ( American ) , Harry Lloyd , Texas Long , Billy Lynch , Andrew Main , and Billy Reed . Second Anglo - Boer War . As a Brigadier General of the Eastern Cape troops , his command included : Cape Mounted Riflemen , the 79th Battery , RFA , the Kaffrarian Rifles , the Queenstown Volunteers , part of the 1st Battalion , Royal Scots , and Brabant ' s Horse . His units operated round the Queenstown / Dordrecht area and moved north to hold the Jammersburg Drift at Wepener , which they did under appalling rain and cold against a superior Boer force led by Christiaan De Wet . Brabant ' s Horse . On 5 November 1899 , Brabant raised the Light Horse regiment known as " Brabant ' s Horse . " The top strength of the unit was 600 , all ranks , including South African colonials , Australians , British , Canadians . The unit saw much action against Boer commandos . Brabant ' s Horse was disbanded in Cape Town on 31 December 1901 . In 1901 he was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) for his services in South Africa . After the war , he served as Commandant - General of the Cape Colonial Forces ( 1903 – 1904 ) . Family . His son , Lieutenant Arthur Edward Brabant , served with the Imperial Light Horse during the Second Boer War . He was wounded at the Siege of Ladysmith and died two days later on 5 November 1899 .
August Hanko Leutnant August Hanko was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Biography . August Hanko ' s origins are unknown . He first served in the German infantry in the early stages of World War I . In 1915 , he joined " Die Fliegertruppen " ( Imperial German Air Service ) . He first served with " Feldflieger Abteilung " ( Field Flier Detachment ) 38 , then with " Kampfgeschwader " : Tactical Bomber Wing ) 2 . Hanko then progressed to fighter pilot ' s training . Upon graduation , he was posted to his first fighter squadron , " Jagdstaffel 20 " , on 2 November 1916 . On 24 January 1917 , he transferred to " Jagdstaffel 28 " . He scored his first aerial victory on 22 April 1917 , downing a Nieuport 17 from No . 1 Squadron RFC in a morning fight . Another 1 Squadron Nieuport followed on 7 May . On 25 May , he shot down a Royal Aircraft Factory FE . 2 d from No . 20 Squadron RFC . He was awarded Germany ' s highest decoration for enlisted men , the Military Merit Cross , on 28 June 1917 . Hanko went on to down an Airco DH . 4 from No . 57 Squadron RFC on 21 August 1917 . On 16 September , he became an ace when he shot down a Martinsyde Elephant from No . 27 Squadron RFC . On 24 January 1918 , having been commissioned a Leutnant , he was given command of " Jagdstaffel 64 " . He led them without personal result until being removed from duty for illness on 7 July 1918 . Hanko ' s subsequent life is unknown .
Nazim Pasha Hussein Nazim , ( Pasha ) ( 1848 – 1913 ) was the Chief of Staff of the military of the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War . He was a staunch supporter of the French Offensive Doctrine , developed primarily by Ferdinand Foch , his instructor at the Saint - Cyr Military Academy who later was supreme commander of Allied forces on the Western Front ( World War I ) . Following his appointment as a Chief of Staff , he made immediate changes to Ottoman military doctrine which had been created by Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz , the German officer who had been in charge of the reorganisation and training of the Ottoman army . Goltz ' s doctrine dictated that , in case of war with Balkan states , Ottoman forces would remain on the defensive , both on the western ( Vardar ) and eastern ( Thracian ) approaches . Nazim Pasha abandoned der Goltz ' s defensive ( and probably realistic ) doctrine and , though the Ottoman army had severe problems in mobilizing its troops ( fewer than half of the expected 600 , 000 troops ) , developed a bold offensive plan , including offensive operations on both fronts . Because the Serbian army was , after its defeat in the Serbo - Bulgarian War , considered a weaker opponent even by western observers , Nazim Pasha planned to attack it first , and render it operationally incapable . He would then attack Bulgaria ( which was considered the strongest link in the Balkan alliance ) from both the Macedonian and Thracian directions . His underestimation of Serbian strength led to the complete failure of his operational plan and the catastrophe which followed . He was assassinated by the Young Turks in 1913 .
English ship Merhonour ( 1590 ) Merhonour was a ship of the Navy Royal of England . She was built in 1590 by Mathew Baker at Woolwich Dockyard , and was rebuilt by Phineas Pett I at Woolwich between 1612 and 1615 , being relaunched on 6 March 1615 as a 40 - gun royal ship . She was then laid up at Chatham , only briefly returning to service in the 1630s . She was nevertheless considered to be one of the fastest ships in the Navy . " Merhonour " was sold out of the navy in 1650 .