naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Camp X - Ray ( Guantanamo ) Camp X - Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U . S . Naval Base in Guantánamo Bay , Cuba . The first twenty detainees arrived at Guantanamo on 11 January 2002 . It was named " Camp X - Ray " because various temporary camps in the station were named sequentially from the beginning and then from the end of the NATO phonetic alphabet . The legal status of detainee s at the camp , as well as government processes for trying their cases , has been a significant source of controversy ; several landmark cases have been determined by the United States Supreme Court . As of 29 April 2002 , the official Camp X - Ray was closed and all prisoners were transferred to Camp Delta . Background . Camp X - Ray was originally built to house " excludables " in the mid 1990s when Fidel Castro allowed any Cuban wishing to do so , to cross through the Cuban - operated minefields and enter the base . Excludables were held in Camp X - ray near Post 37 before being sent back to Cuba . Excludables included troublemakers from the regular camps , where the United States was processing Cuban Asylum Seekers ( CAS ) for emigration to the United States . The US government was at the time allowed access to Cuban records to process these people . Over 100 , 000 CAS were processed in the mid - 1990s and allowed to enter the United States . During the War on Terror , beginning in the fall of 2001 after the 9 / 11 attacks , the US reestablished the camp for housing captured combatants . The supervision and care of these detainees at Camp X - Ray was handled by Joint Task Force 160 ( JTF - 160 ) , while interrogations were conducted by Joint Task Force 170 ( JTF - 170 ) . JTF - 160 was under the command of Marine Brigadier General Michael R . Lehnert until March 2002 , when he was replaced by Brigadier General Rick Baccus . Since Camp X - Ray ' s closure and the subsequent opening of Camp Delta , JTF - 160 and 170 have been combined into Joint Task Force Guantanamo ( JTF - GTMO ) . In accordance with U . S . military and Geneva Convention doctrine on prisoner treatment , soldiers guarding the detainees were housed in tents with living conditions " not markedly different " from that of the prisoners while the permanent facilities at Camp Delta were under construction . This camp was one of several locations managed by the United States where prisoners have alleged they suffered torture by US agents in relation to interrogation . Dick Cheney , then Vice President , said : " Prisoners could be detained until the end of the natural conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan . " Forensic examination . According to Carol Rosenberg , writing for the " Miami Herald " , Camp X - Ray was visited by a court - ordered forensic FBI team in November 2009 . The team spent a week photographing the camp and searching for evidence of abuse of prisoners . They found none .
Richhpal Ram Richhpal Ram VC ( August 20 , 1899 – February 12 , 1941 ) was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . His family . Richhpal Ram came from Barda village , tehsil Satnali district Bhiwani in Haryana . Career . Enrolled : 20 August 1920 in 4 / 6th Rajputana Rifles . He was 41 years old , and a Subedar in the 6th Rajputana Rifles , in the Indian Army during World War II when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 7 February 1941 at Keren , Eritrea , Subadar Richhpal Ram led a successful attack on the enemy and subsequently repelled six counter - attacks and then , without a shot left , brought the few survivors of his company back . Five days later , when leading another attack , his right foot was blown off , but he continued to encourage his men until he died . The official citation for the award , published in the London Gazette on 4 July 1941 reads : The medal . The Victoria Cross Medal is displayed in Delhi Cantonment Raj Rifles Officer Mess ( Museum ) .
HMS Immortalité ( 1887 ) HMS " Immortalité " was a ship of the " Orlando " - class of armored cruiser s of the Royal Navy built in the yards of Earle of Hull and launched on 7 July 1887 . She was commissioned at Chatham 21 May 1901 by Captain Sackville H . Carden as seagoing tender to the Wildfire , flagship at Sheerness . She was sold for scrapping on 1 January 1907 to S . Breaking Company of Blackwall .
HMS Sturgeon ( 1894 ) HMS " Sturgeon " was a " Sturgeon " - class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy . Built by Vickers , she was launched in 1894 and sold in 1910 . Service . " Sturgeon " served in home waters . In late 1901 she replaced " Mallard " in the Medway instructional flotilla .
No . 631 Squadron RAF No . 631 Squadron RAF was an anti - aircraft co - operation squadron of the Royal Air Force from 1943 to 1949 . History . The squadron was formed at RAF Towyn on 1 December 1943 , from 1605 Flight and 1628 Flight for anti - aircraft co - operation duties , and operated a variety of aircraft in this role . On 10 May 1945 the squadron moved to RAF Llanbedr . It was disbanded on 11 February 1949 when redesignated No . 20 Squadron RAF .
Bombardier ( rank ) Bombardier is a rank used in artillery units in the armies of Commonwealth countries instead of Corporal . Lance - Bombardier is used instead of Lance - Corporal . Bombardier ( Bdr ) and Lance - Bombardier ( LBdr or L / Bdr ) are used by the British Army in the Royal Artillery and Royal Horse Artillery . The same applies to the Royal Australian Artillery , the Royal New Zealand Artillery and the South African Army Artillery . In the Canadian Forces , the Artillery Branch uses the ranks of Master Bombardier and Bombardier instead of Master Corporal and Corporal . The rank is infamous in the Australian Army as the insignia is identical to that of a Corporal , the only distinguishing featuring being the RAA badge worn on the cap by Lance Bombardiers and Bombardiers and many recruits at ARTC find this out the hard way . Originally , the Royal Artillery had Corporals ( but not Lance - Corporals ) and a Bombardier was junior to a Corporal and wore a single chevron . Unlike a Lance - Corporal , a Bombardier held full non - commissioned rank and not an acting appointment . The rank was equivalent to Second Corporal in the Royal Engineers and Army Ordnance Corps . In 1920 , Corporals were abolished in the Royal Artillery and Bombardiers became the equivalent and acquired the normal two chevrons . The rank of Lance Bombardier originated as Acting Bombardier , an appointment similar to Lance - Corporal which was also indicated by a single chevron . The appointment was renamed Lance - Bombardier in February 1918 and became a full rank , as did Lance - Corporal , in 1961 . " Bomb " is widely used as an abbreviated form of address for both full Bombardiers and Lance - Bombardiers . They may also be referred to as a " Full Screw " ( Bombardier ) or a " Lance Jack " ( Lance - Bombardier ) , in common with Corporals and Lance - Corporals . As with other common military abbreviations , such as " Sarge " , these terms are not used on formal occasions .
Thomas Robinson ( Medal of Honor ) Thomas Robinson ( May 17 , 1837 – May 12 , 1915 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . A native of Norway , Robinson immigrated to the United States and joined the Navy from the state of New York . By July 15 , 1866 , he was serving as captain of the afterguard on the . On that day , while the " Tallapoosa " was off the coast of New Orleans , Louisiana , he attempted to rescue a shipmate , Landsman Wellington Brocar , from drowning . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor two weeks later , on August 1 . Robinson ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For heroic efforts to save from drowning Wellington Brocar , landsman , of the Tallapoosa , off New Orleans , 15 July 1866 . Robinson died at age 77 and was buried at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis , Minnesota .
Azalea - class sloop The " Azalea " class of twelve minesweeping sloops were built under the Emergency War Programme for the Royal Navy in World War I as part of the larger " Flower Class " , which were also referred to as the " Cabbage Class " , or " Herbaceous Borders " . The third batch of twelve ships to be ordered , in May 1915 , they differed from the preceding " Acacia " class only in mounting a heavier armament , with either 4 . 7 inch or 4 inch guns instead of the 12 - pounders of the earlier class . They were single - screw Fleet Sweeping Vessels ( Sloops ) with triple hulls at the bows to give extra protection against loss when working .
Operation Ababeel Operation " Ababeel " was the code - name for the military operation planned by Pakistani Armed Forces to capture the Siachen Glacier in the disputed Kashmir region , precipitating the Siachen Conflict . On 13 April 1984 , India launched Operation Meghdoot to pre - empt Operation Ababeel , which resulted in Indian troops successfully gaining control of the entire Siachen Glacier . India received intelligence reports in 1983 that warned that Pakistan had begun planning an assault on the Saltoro Ridge . A force known as the Burzil Force was to be launched from Skardu under " Operation Ababeel " . Being aware of this intelligence , an Indian force under " Operation Meghdoot " was formed , which captured the heights of Saltoro barely 48 hours before the Pakistan operation was to be started .
Richard Bates Richard Bates ( born 1829 , date of death unknown ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . A native of Wales , Bates immigrated to the U . S . and joined the Navy from the state of New York . By May 10 , 1866 , he was serving as a seaman on the . On that day , while the " De Soto " was off the coast of Eastport , Maine , he and two shipmates rescued two sailors from the from drowning . For this action , he and his shipmates , Captain of the Afterguard John Brown and Seaman Thomas Burke , were awarded the Medal of Honor three months later , on August 1 . Bates ' official Medal of Honor citation reads : For heroic conduct in rescuing from drowning James Rose and John Russell , seamen of the U . S . S . " Winooski " , off Eastport , Maine , 10 May 1866 .
Battle of Platzberg ( 1794 ) The Battle of Platzberg was fought on July 13 , 1794 , and resulted in the victory of the French under General Laurent Gouvion Saint - Cyr against the Prussia ns under Marshall Moellendorff . Prussian casualties consisted of 5000 men killed or wounded . References for this battle :
Willi Moser Willi Albin Moser ( 2 November 1887 – 18 October 1946 ) was a highly - decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the LXXI Armeekorps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Willi Moser was captured by Soviet troops in 1945 and died in Soviet captivity on 18 October 1946 .
Denver Randleman Staff Sergeant Denver " Bull " Randleman ( November 20 , 1920 – June 26 , 2003 ) was a non - commissioned officer with Easy Company , 2nd Battalion , 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , in the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army during World War II . Randleman , who was commonly known by his nickname " Bull " Randleman , was portrayed in the HBO miniseries " Band of Brothers " by Michael Cudlitz . Youth . Randleman was born in Rector , Arkansas . Dropping out of high school during his junior year , he left Rector during the Great Depression looking for work and ended up in a foundry in Michigan . He enlisted in the United States Army on August 19 , 1942 in Kalamazoo , Michigan shortly after the United States ' entry into World War II . Military service . He was a member of the famed Band of Brothers of Easy Company , 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne . Bull ' s training originated at Camp Toccoa , Georgia in August 1942 under Captain Herbert Sobel . On June 6 , 1944 , Randleman , along with the rest of the 101st , 82nd , and British 6th Airborne Divisions , dropped into France , eventually regrouping with Easy Company after missing his landing zone , a fate suffered by many men that night . During the failed Operation Market Garden in September 1944 , Randleman was separated from his unit , and injured in the shoulder during a tank explosion . Unable to return to his lines , he spent most of the following night hiding in a nearby barn . During a search by members of his unit the following day , Randleman was found , his men believing him to be KIA . Randleman later participated in the Battle of the Bulge , and survived to the end of the war , attaining the rank of Staff Sergeant . According to former Easy Company commanding officer , Major Richard Winters , Bull was one of the best soldiers he ever had . Later years . After the war , Randleman attended trade school and eventually became service manager for a Caterpillar equipment dealer - J . A . Riggs Tractor Company . Later on , he married Vera , and they had two children . He became a successful businessman and was superintendent of a construction contractor in Louisiana . He spent the last years of his life in Texarkana , Arkansas . He died of a staph infection at the age of 82 on June 26 , 2003 .
Third Sea Lord The Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy was formerly the Naval Lord and member of the Board of Admiralty responsible for procurement and matériel in the British Royal Navy . The title of the office is now simply Controller of the Navy ( abbreviated as CofN ) , and the Controller of the Navy is a member of the Admiralty Board . History . In 1805 , for the first time , specific functions were assigned to each of the ' Naval ' Lords , who were described as ' Professional ' Lords , leaving to the ' Civil ' Lords the routine business of signing documents . In the reorganisation of the Admiralty by Order in Council of 14 January 1869 , the Comptroller of the Navy was given a seat on the Board of Admiralty as the Third Naval Lord and Comptroller of the Navy . The Comptroller lost the title of Third Naval Lord and the seat on the Board by an Order in Council of 19 March 1872 , but regained them by a further Order of 10 March 1882 . In 1869 , the post of Storekeeper - General of the Navy was abolished and its duties merged into those of the Comptroller of the Navy . The Third Naval Lord became known as the Third Sea Lord from 1905 . The appointment of Controller of the Navy was abolished in September 1912 , although that of Third Sea Lord remained . In 1917 the post of Controller of the Navy was revived , but as a separate civilian position with a seat on the Board of Admiralty . In 1918 , the post of Controller of the Navy was once again amalgamated with that of Third Sea Lord and in 1965 the post became simply Controller of the Navy . 1832 Post of Controller of the Navy Abolished List of Third Naval / Sea Lords and Controllers of the Navy . Controllers of the Navy 1859 – 1869 . In 1859 the post of Surveyor of the Navy was changed to Controller of the Navy . Third Naval Lords and Controllers of the Navy 1882 – 1904 . Third Naval Lords and Controllers of the Navy include : Third Sea Lords and Controllers of the Navy 1918 – 1965 . Third Sea Lords and Controllers of the Navy include : Controllers of the Navy 1965 – present . Controllers of the Navy include :
Patrick Shaw - Stewart Patrick Houston Shaw - Stewart ( 17 August 1888 – 30 December 1917 ) was an Eton College and Oxford scholar of the Edwardian era who died on active service as a battalion commander in the Royal Naval Division during the First World War . His career was one of great academic brilliance , matched by a steely determination to succeed . He came first in the Eton scholarship in 1901 , a year after his friend , Ronald Knox , had come first in the same examination . He won the Newcastle scholarship at Eton in 1905 . At Oxford , he won the Craven , the Ireland , and the Hertford Scholarships in Classics as well as taking a double first in Classical Moderations in 1908 and Greats in 1910 . Elected to a fellowship of All Souls , he instead committed his career to Barings Bank , where he was appointed one of the youngest managing directors in the bank ' s history , in 1913 . At this time he became devoted to Lady Diana Manners and became a leading member of her " corrupt coterie , " known simply as the Coterie . When war was declared in 1914 , he joined the Royal Navy and , serving with Rupert Brooke , played a prominent role in the famed young poet ' s funeral in Greece . Promoted to lieutenant commander and in temporary command of the Hood Battalion , he was killed on 30 December 1917 . He is buried at Metz - en - Couture in the British extension to the communal cemetery . His fame today stems from one of his poems , " Achilles in the Trench " , one of the best - known of the war poem s of the First World War . It was written while Shaw - Stewart waited to be sent to fight at Gallipoli . He was on leave on the island of Imbros , overlooking Hisarlik ( the site of the ancient city of Troy ) , and in the poem , Shaw - Stewart makes numerous references to the Iliad , questioning , " Was it so hard , Achilles / So very hard to die ? " In the final stanza he evokes the image of flame - capped Achilles screaming from the Achaean ramparts after the death of Patroclus , and requests that Achilles likewise shout for him during the battle ( implying that he , Shaw - Stewart , will be dead ) . The first biography of Shaw - Stewart , by Ronald Knox , was published in 1920 . Elizabeth Vandiver ' s " Stand in the Trench , Achilles " includes a detailed discussion of Shaw - Stewart . A new biography by Miles Jebb was published in May 2010 . A memorial to him was erected at Balliol College , Oxford , on the west wall of the Chapel passage .
Wespe The Sd . Kfz . 124 " Wespe " ( German for " wasp " ) , also known as " Leichte Feldhaubitze 18 / 2 auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen II ( Sf . ) " ( " Light field howitzer 18 on Panzer II chassis ( self - propelled ) " ) , was a German self - propelled artillery vehicle developed and used during the Second World War . It was based on a modified Panzer II chassis . Development . In 1940 , during the Battle of France , it was apparent that the intermediate tank of the German forces , the Panzer II , was unsuitable as a main battle tank . Though mechanically sound , it was both under - gunned and under - armoured . The chassis , however , proved servicable for providing mobility to the 10 . 5 cm field howitzer . Existing chassis were converted to self - propelled artillery vehicles , just as had been done with the Marder II which was a conversion designed to provide mobility to the PaK 40 / 7 . 5 cm anti - tank gun . The design for the " Wespe " was produced by Alkett , and was based on the Panzer II " Ausf . F " chassis . Alkett had earlier worked with Alfred Becker to convert captured French armoured vehicles into self - propelled artillery carriers . Amongst other modifications to the Panzer II , the engine was moved forward and the chassis was slightly lengthened to gain sufficient space for the rear - mounted 10 . 5 cm leFH 18 howitzer . The superstructure was lightly armored , with 10 mm armor plate ( enough to stop small arms fire ) and was open at the top and to the rear . The vehicles were produced by FAMO ' s Ursus plant in Warsaw . The " Wespe " was in production from February 1943 until June 1944 when Soviet forces approached the frontier . By that time , 676 had been produced . An additional 159 were modified to serve as mobile artillery ammunition carriers . Combat history . The " Wespe " first saw combat in 1943 on the Eastern Front , and proved so successful that Hitler ordered all Panzer II chassis production to be reserved for the " Wespe " alone , dropping other projects such as the Marder II self - propelled anti - tank gun . They were allocated to the armored artillery battalions ( " Panzerartillerie Abteilungen " ) of Panzer division s along with heavier Hummel self - propelled artillery . The Wespe had major success because of its ability to fit in with the German plan of Blitzkrieg by having a great mobility along with firepower . The Wespe was very popular with the crew of Panzer Divisions because of its high maneuverability .
2009 North Korean missile test Two rounds of North Korean missile tests were conducted in July 2009 . On July 4 , 2009 , the Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea ( the DPRK , or North Korea ) launched seven short range missiles into the Sea of Japan ( East Sea of Korea ) , after previously launching four missiles two days earlier on July 2 . The missiles were launched in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 . Missiles have been fired from the launch site at the port of Wonsan on the east coast of the country . Based on information from an anonymous government representative in Seoul , Korean agency Yonhap reported that the missiles are of the Scud type with a range of around 400 kilometers . During the week North Korea announced upcoming military exercises in the Sea of Japan , and with it declared an area closed to navigation around the port of Vonsan and into the Sea of Japan and covering an area of 450 by 110 kilometers . The planned military exercises were announced to cover the period from June 25 to July 10 . The latest round of missile launches were timed for the United States ' Independence Day as a show of military might and came on the heels of UNSC Resolution 1874 . Sanctions and penalties were declared in the wake of the May 25 underground test of a nuclear explosive device by Pyongyang , and what the DPRK insist was an attempt to peacefully place a satellite in orbit but what the United States , Japan and South Korea see as cover for the development of a long - range ballistic missile . The North Koreans have previously warned that any attempt to enact sanctions will be seen as an act of war . The United Nations Security Council condemned the launches expressing " grave concern " and urged all countries in the region to refrain from any action that could escalate tensions .
Eustathios Palatinos Eustathios Palatinos ( , ) was the catepan of Italy from the autumn of 1045 to September 1046 . The primary source for his term of office is the chronicle of Lupus , a fellow protospatharius . He was sent to replace Argyrus after the latter was recalled to Constantinople . He arrived in Otranto and travelled to Bari , his seat . He was defeated near Taranto by Drogo of Hauteville , the brother of the Norman count of Apulia . He returned to Bari whence he was met by the new catepan John Raphael . Sources . < br >
RFA Tidesurge ( A98 ) RFA " Tidesurge " ( A98 ) was a of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . Launched in 1954 , the ship was originally named " Tiderange " but was renamed in 1958 to avoid confusion with other members of the class . Decommissioned in 1976 , " Tidesurge " left Portsmouth under tow on 19 April 1977 for Valencia to be broken up .