naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus The Jewish revolt against Gallus ( 351 – 352 ) was a Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire , in particular directed against the rule of Constantius Gallus , brother - in - law of Emperor Constantius II and " Caesar " of the East . The revolt was subdued by Gallus ' general Ursicinus . Background . The emperor Constantius II , like his father Constantine the Great before him , showed a preference for the Christian religion , which he favored over all others , including Judaism . Unlike his father , however , Constantius allowed Christians to persecute the pagans and the Jews . Some Christian clergy practiced intolerance toward non - Christians , both through the secular arm and in directing angry crowds , which attacked and destroyed synagogues and temples . Eventually , the Jews decided to react , opposing Christian proselytism and showing intolerance toward Jewish converts . Fiery sermons , preached in synagogues against " Edom " were in fact directed against those Romans who , after removing the Jews ' political independence were now repressing their religion . Revolt . In 350 , Emperor Constantius II was engaged in a campaign in the East against the Sassanids . He was however forced to return to the West to counter the usurpation of Magnentius , who had murdered Constantius ' brother and colleague , Constans . Constantius therefore decided to appoint his cousin Gallus " Caesar " of the East , on March 15 , 351 at Sirmium . Gallus arrived at Antioch , his capital , on May 7 of that same year . During the period between the passage of Constantius in the West and the arrival of Gallus in the East , or immediately after the arrival of the Caesar in Antioch , the Jews revolted in Palestine . The rebellion was led by Isaac of Diocesarea ( also known as Isaac of Sepphoris ) , which was aided by a certain Patricius , also known as Natrona , a name with messianic connotations , and had its epicentre in the town of Diocesarea . The revolt began with a night assault on the Roman garrison , which was destroyed , and allowed the Jews to procure the necessary weapons . Subsequently the rebels killed the people of different ethnicities , like the Greeks and the Samaritans . In 351 or 352 , Gallus sent his " magister equitum " Ursicinus to forcefully put down the revolt . Tiberias and Diospolis , two of the cities conquered by the rebels , were almost destroyed , while Diocaesarea was razed to the ground . Ursicinus also ordered several thousand of rebels killed . A midrash suggests that Patricius was killed in the battle . Aftermath . After the events , a permanent garrison occupied Galilee .
Idelphonse Nizeyimana Idelphonse Nizeyimana ( born 5 October 1963 ) is a Rwandan soldier , who is alleged to have participated in the Rwandan Genocide . An ethnic Hutu , Nizeyimana was born in Gisenyi prefecture in 1963 , in the same commune as President Juvénal Habyarimana . In 1994 , he held the rank of captain in the Rwandan Armed Forces , and was the second - in - command , after Tharcisse Muvunyi , of the École des sous - officiers ( ESO ) . He was convicted of ordering the execution of Queen Dowager Rosalie Gicanda at the beginning of the killings in Butare . On November 27 , 2000 , the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ( ICTR ) issued an indictment against Nizeyimana , charging him with " genocide , or in the alternative complicity in genocide , direct and public incitement to commit genocide , and crimes against humanity . " Specifically , the indictment alleged that during the genocide , Nizeyimana had " instigated , encouraged , facilitated , or acquiesced to [ . . . ] , the Interahamwe committing killings , kidnappings and the destruction of property . " He was described as " one of [ the ] highest targets " of the ICTR . According to the African Rights organisation he is a key member of the genocidical anti - Tutsi FDLR militia . On October 6 , 2009 , Nizeyimana was arrested in the Uganda n capital Kampala , apparently traveling from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya on false documents . The United States government had previously offered a reward of up to US $ 5 million for information leading to his arrest or conviction . On June 19 , 2012 , the ICTR convicted Nizeyimana of ordering the killing of Queen Gicanda , as well as other murders , and sentenced him to life imprisonment .
Kosmos 2251 Kosmos - 2251 , ( meaning " Cosmos 2251 " ) , was a Russia n Strela - 2M communications satellite . It was launched into Low Earth orbit from Site 132 / 1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome at 04 : 17 UTC on 16 June 1993 , by a Kosmos - 3M carrier rocket . Destruction . At 16 : 56 UTC on 10 February 2009 , it collided with Iridium 33 , an Iridium satellite , in the first major collision of two satellites in Earth orbit . The Iridium satellite , which was operational at the time of the collision , was destroyed , as was Kosmos - 2251 . NASA reported that a large amount of debris was produced by the collision .
RFA Tidereach ( A96 ) RFA " Tidereach " ( A96 ) was a of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . Laid down on 2 June 1953 by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson , and launched on 2 June 1954 , " Tidereach " was commissioned on 30 August 1955 and served until March 1978 . She was then laid up in Portsmouth for disposal . On 22 February 1979 she was sold for scrap , and left Portsmouth under tow on 16 March 1979 . On 20 March 1979 she arrived at Bilbao , Spain to be broken up .
Gordon Rattray Taylor Gordon Rattray Taylor ( 11 January 1911 – 7 December 1981 ) was a popular British author and journalist . He is most famous for his 1968 book " The Biological Time Bomb " , which heralded the rise of biotechnology and for his 1983 book " The Great Evolution Mystery " . Biography . Gordon Rattray Taylor was born in Eastbourne on 11 January 1911 , and educated at Radley College public school , before studying natural sciences at Trinity College , Cambridge . In 1933 he entered journalism . During the war he worked in the Psychological Warfare division of SHAEF . In 1958 he joined the BBC where he wrote and devised science television programs such as " Eye on Research " . In 1966 he became a full - time author . He served as a member of the Society for Psychical Research , London ( 1976 – 81 ) . Writing . In " The Biological Time Bomb " Taylor heralded the advent of artificial insemination , organ transplant s , as well as research into memory and controlling mood s . Evolution . Taylor wrote a book on evolution called " The Great Evolution Mystery " first released in 1983 with a second edition in 1984 . Taylor criticized neo - Darwinism , and said that the origin of species and the mechanisms for evolution are still deep mysteries that have not been solved . Taylor supported Lamarck over Darwin . Taylor discussed the possibility of an inherent self - stabilization of the genome as an important selective factor in evolution . He was supportive of the idea of Lancelot Law Whyte , the evolutionary ideas highlighted in Whyte ’ s book " Internal factors of evolution " in which no mutation is due entirely to chance : only those that meet the internal demands of the genome can be utilized in evolutionary processes . Taylor discussed his own evolutionary mechanism called " masking theory " which is the notion that blueprints for building phenotypes can be hidden for millions of years before suddenly being expressed by the species . Mark Ridley negatively reviewed the book concluding that Taylor had a " complete lack of biological imagination " . Ridley states that Taylor appears to have failed to have familiarised himself with Darwinian thinking before criticising it , and particularly that Taylor has made the " familiar and elementary " mistake of conflating natural selection with chance : Ridley states that Taylor ' s alternative to Darwinian evolution is described " only in general outline " , involving " Lamarckism and other inarticulated internal factors " .
Jagdpanzer Jagdpanzer ( JgPz ) , German for " hunting tank " , is a name given to German self - propelled anti - tank guns . It typically refers to anti - tank variants of existing tank chassis with a well - armoured casemate fixed superstructure , mounting an anti - tank gun with limited traverse in the front , and usually classed by the western Allies of World War II as a tank destroyer . History . The " Jagdpanzer " designs followed on from the more lightly armoured " Panzerjäger " ( " tank hunter " ) designs which took an anti - tank gun and mounted it on top of a tank chassis with supplementary armour fitted around the gun crew . Also a lot of experience was gained from the Sturmgeschütz series of assault gun s for infantry support , which already used heavily armoured casemates , completely enclosing the vehicle ' s crew — although they were associated to the artillery , they were very often used in the anti - tank role . Tactical use . On the battlefield , the Germans sometimes had to retreat , or try to feign one . Their line of retreat would then preferably pass the location of their anti - tank units who would use their superior firepower to stop the enemy , perhaps even make possible a counter - attack . Due to the lack of a turret and the armour being concentrated at the front , the ideal combat situation for " Jagdpanzer " units was in the planned ambush , and the skill of the commander of such units lay in correctly choosing and preparing such places long before needed . Types . Notable tank destroyers of World War II in the " Jagdpanzer " classification include : Post - war . After the war the name " Jagdpanzer " was kept in use in the " Bundeswehr " , for a number of armoured vehicles used for anti - tank duties . This included the " Kanonenjagdpanzer " carrying a 90 mm gun and the " Raketenjagdpanzer s " . The first " Raketenjagdpanzer " was the " Raketenjagdpanzer 1 " built on the chassis of the " SPz Lang " HS . 30 and armed with SS . 11 missiles . The " Raketenjagdpanzer 2 " was built on the same chassis as the " Kanonenjagdpanzer " , but was equipped with two SS . 11 launch - rails instead of carrying a gun . Later the " Raketenjagdpanzer " 2 and the " Kanonenjagdpanzer " were upgraded to Jaguar 1 and Jaguar 2 tank destroyers , armed with HOT or TOW missiles .
Charles W . Flusser Charles Williamson Flusser ( September 27 , 1832 – April 19 , 1864 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . Biography . Born at Annapolis , Maryland , Flusser entered the United States Naval Academy in 1847 and graduated with the Class of 1853 with the rank of passed midshipman . He received promotion to master and then lieutenant on September 15 and 16 , 1855 , while serving in the South American Squadron . In early 1861 , Flusser was appointed to the Naval Academy in Annapolis , and oversaw its relocation to Fort Adams in Newport , Rhode Island . Flusser served on blockade duty off the coast of Georgia in late 1861 , before being appointed commander of the gunboat for the Burnside Expedition , taking part in the victory at the Battle of Elizabeth City in February 1862 . Flusser was promoted to lieutenant commander in July 1862 , also assuming command of all Union gunboats in Albemarle Sound . He took part in the expedition against Franklin , Virginia , in October 1862 , with his ship only narrowly escaping capture . Flusser was killed in action on April 19 , 1864 , during the Battle of Plymouth , in the engagement between the and against the Confederate ironclad . In that action , Flusser personally fired a cannon shell at the Confederate ironclad . The shell , with a 10 - second fuse , bounced off the " Albemarle ' s " armor and landed back on the deck of the " Miami " , where its explosion killed him . Brigadier General Henry Walton Wessels , commanding U . S . Army troops at Plymouth , North Carolina , noted : " In the death of this accomplished sailor the Navy has lost one of its brightest ornaments . . . " Flusser was interred at the military cemetery in New Bern , but in 1868 his remains were transferred to the Naval Academy Cemetery . Namesakes . Four United States Navy ships have been named in his honor .
Johann Hermann von Fersen Ivan Ivanovitch Hermann von Fersen ( died 1801 ) was a Saxon - born infantry general who served from 1770 in the Imperial Russian Army . Life . He was involved in the battles at and in the military operations against Yemelyan Pugachev . He won the battle in Upper Kuban against Seraskier Batal - Bey and his 18 , 000 Turks and 15 , 000 Highlanders , capturing Batal - Bey and his whole camp . In 1792 he was appointed quartermaster - general under Mikhaïl Kretchetnikov in Lithuania and in 1794 he commanded a special corps in Poland . Under Paul I of Russia he served first as quartermaster - general then commanded the Russian contingent in the failed 1799 Anglo - Russian Expedition to Holland . He was defeated at the Battle of Bergen and went into exile . Before news of his defeat reached Saint Petersburg he was an infantry general , but he was later excluded from service by Tsar Paul . On his return from exile he returned to Russian army service but received no further appointments .
William Hope ( VC ) Colonel William Hope VC ( 12 April 1834 – 17 December 1909 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . William Hope was the son of the Right Honourable John Hope , Lord Chief Justice Clerk of Scotland , and his wife Jessie Irving , and was born in Edinburgh on 12 April 1834 . He was educated privately and at Trinity College , Cambridge . William Hope married Margaret Jane , daughter of Robert Cunningham Cunninghame Graham of Gartmore and aunt of the author , politician and traveller Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham , by whom she had six children , the eldest of which was a son , Adrian , whose granddaughter , Lauretta Hope - Nicholson , was the second wife of the artist Jean Hugo . VC action . He was 21 years old , and a lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Foot ( later The Royal Fusiliers ) , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 18 June 1855 at Sebastopol , Crimean Peninsula , Lieutenant Hope went to the assistance of the adjutant , who was lying outside the trenches badly wounded . Having found that it was impossible to move him , even with the help of four men , he ran back across the open ground under very heavy fire from the enemy batteries , and procured a stretcher to bring the wounded officer in . He later achieved the rank of colonel . Hope invented the shrapnel shell for rifled guns , and later became an enthusiastic supporter of the volunteer movement , rising to the command of the 1st City of London Artillery Volunteers . The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Fusiliers Museum in the Tower of London , England . Business . Following his military career , Hope was involved in a number of business ventures . In 1862 he was described as General Manager of the International Financial Society , and was also Director of the Lands Improvement Company , through which he had been involved in reclamation and irrigation work in Spain and Majorca . With William Napier , he proposed a scheme to convey sewage from the northern outfall of Joseph Bazalgette ' s London sewer system some across Essex to reclaim of land from Dengie Flats , and a similar area from Maplin Sands , off the shore of Foulness Island . The estimated cost of the project was £2 . 1 million , and although work started in 1865 , a crisis in the banking system , when the Overend Gurney bank failed , made it difficult to obtain finance , and the scheme foundered .
Robert Martinek Robert Martinek ( 2 February 1889 – 28 June 1944 ) was an artillery officer in the Austro - Hungarian Army during World War I , the Austrian " Bundesheer " and , during World War II , in the " Wehrmacht Heer " , who came to be regarded as one of the most skilled artillerymen of his generation . Military service . Martinek was born on 2 February 1889 in Gratzen ( now Nové Hrady , Czech Republic ) , where his father was a brewer . Enlisting in the army of Austria - Hungary in 1907 , he was promoted to " Leutnant " in 1910 , " Oberleutnant " in 1914 , and to " Hauptmann " in 1917 for outstanding bravery . Serving with the " Bundesheer " after World War I , he taught at ( and during the 1930s , headed ) the Austrian military ' s Artillery School , and was responsible for a number of technical innovations . After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany , Martinek continued to serve with the " Wehrmacht Heer " . He commanded the 267th Infantry Division from late 1941 – 1942 , and , promoted to Lieutenant - General , the 7th Mountain Division during 1942 . He was in command of the extremely heavy concentrations of artillery at the Battle of Sevastopol ( including the huge Dora and Mörser Karl siege artillery ) . On 1 December 1942 Martinek took command of XXXIX Panzer Corps , with which he saw a number of actions on the Eastern Front ; at the beginning of 1943 he was promoted to General of Artillery . Martinek was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . His notes from World War I were published as " Kriegstagebuch eines Batterie - Kommandanten 1914 – 1918 " ; he was also the subject of a book by Erich Dethleffsen . Death . In June 1944 , the XXXIX Panzer Corps was assigned to Army Group Centre in the Belorussian SSR . Shortly before the massive Soviet summer offensive , Operation Bagration , a battalion commander in the 12th Infantry Division raised concerns about a possible attack with Martinek , who was on a tour of inspection . Martinek agreed but in response cited the proverb " " Whom God would destroy , he first strikes blind " " . Soviet forces launched an overwhelming assault on Army Group Centre on 23 June ; Martinek ' s corps was rapidly outflanked and was ordered to fall back to more defensible positions . Martinek was killed in an air attack on 28 June while being driven to a new command post near Berezino .
Otto Kohlermann Otto Kohlermann ( 17 February 1896 – 27 February 1984 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Joint Task Force Aztec Silence Joint Task Force Aztec Silence is a United States Department of Defense task force conducting anti - terrorism operations . In testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee on 1 March 2005 , then - United States European Command commander General James L . Jones said : The ' assets ' at Sigonella are a rotational squadron of United States Navy P - 3 Orion s . " In March 2004 , P - 3 aircraft from this squadron and reportedly operating from the southern Algerian base at Tamanrasset were deployed to monitor and gather intelligence on the movements of Algerian Salafist guerrillas [ the GSPC , now known as the Al - Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb operating in Chad and to provide this intelligence to Chadian forces engaged in combat against the guerrillas . " Aztec Silence has also involved Special Operations Command , Europe personnel deploying to Algiers .
Saro Cutty Sark The Saro A17 Cutty Sark was a British amphibious aircraft from the period between World War I and World War II , built by the British firm Saunders - Roe ( also known as " SARO " ) . The aircraft was named after the ship " Cutty Sark " , rather than the garment . Development . In 1928 , Sir Alliot Verdon Roe sold Avro . He bought an interest in S . E . Saunders , flying boat manufacturers based at Cowes , Isle of Wight , southern England ; the company was renamed Saunders - Roe . The A17 Cutty Sark was the new company ' s first design . It was a shoulder - winged twin - engined four - seat amphibian monoplane with an all - metal hull and plywood covered wings . The above - wing pylon - mounted engines could easily be changed , and a variety of different engines were used to power Cutty Sarks , including 104 hp Cirrus Hermes Mk 1s and 120 hp de Havilland Gipsy IIs . The Saro A19 Cloud was developed from this design . Only 12 Cutty Sarks were built , and none lasted long in service , but the type nevertheless saw service with many users in the United Kingdom , Australia , Canada , New Zealand , China , Japan and the Dominican Republic .
USS Dorothy ( SP - 1289 ) USS " Dorothy " ( SP - 1289 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Dorothy " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1911 . On 17 August 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , the Conservation Commission of Maryland , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Dorothy " ( SP - 1289 ) and was reportted as being " already in service " on 13 September 1917 . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Dorothy " served on patrol duties in the Maryland and Virginia area . The Navy returned " Dorothy " to the Conservation Commission on either 24 September or 27 November 1918 .
Broadway meeting An unauthorised meeting was held at Broadway in Worcestershire in January 1648 , by about 80 officers from four or five Parliamentary regiments . They met to discuss grievances , principally the issue of back pay . One report in a letter read out in Parliament on 24 January 1648 , suggested that up to 60 of the officers present were plotting a military uprising . However no uprising took place , whether that was because the Derby House Committee took actions that pre - empted the insurrection or if there was no substance to the report is not known .