naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Be Ye Men of Valour Be Ye Men of Valour was a wartime speech made in a BBC broadcast on 19 May 1940 by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill . It was his first speech to the nation as Prime Minister , and came nine days after his appointment , in the second year of World War II . The speech concludes with a quotation from the Apocrypha , which supplies the phrase by which the speech became known : " Arm yourselves , and be ye men of valour , and be in readiness for the conflict ; for it is better for us to perish in battle than to look upon the outrage of our nation and our altar . As the Will of God is in Heaven , even so let it be . " ( 1 Maccabees 3 : 58 – 60 )
Star of Courage ( Australia ) The Star of Courage ( SC ) is a bravery decoration awarded to Australians . It is awarded for acts of conspicuous courage in circumstances of great peril . The SC was created on 14 February 1975 . The decoration recognises acts of bravery by members of the community . They selflessly put themselves in jeopardy to protect the lives or property of others . It is ranked second in the Australian civil bravery decorations in the Australian Honours System . Recipients of the Star of Courage are entitled to use the post - nominal letters " SC " . Description . Medal . The Star of Courage is a silver , ribbed star with seven points ensigned with the Crown of Saint Edward . The obverse has the shield and crest of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms surmounted by a Federation Star . Ribbon and Bar . A suspender bar is engraved with the words For Courage . The 32mm medal ribbon is dark red with a central magenta band of 14mm width , representing the colours of venous and arterial blood . Decoration allowance . Section 102 of the " Veterans ’ Entitlements Act 1986 " ( VEA ) provides for the payment of an allowance called “ decoration allowance ” to a veteran who is in receipt of a disability pension under the VEA and who was awarded the Star of Courage for gallantry during a war or warlike operations covered by the VEA . At March 2008 , this tax free allowance was A $ 2 . 10 per fortnight .
Charles James Freeborn Charles James Freeborn was a graduate of Yale University in 1899 , where he was a member of the St . Elmo Society . He was one of the earliest Yale men to volunteer for active service in World War I . He was a Captain in the United States Army , and a recipient of the Croix de Guerre from the French for his service . After the War ended , four years of active service left him too weak to recover from influenza , and , as a result , pneumonia ensued . On February 13 , 1919 , three weeks after his demobilization , Freeborn died in his home in Paris . He is buried in Oakland , California at Mountain View Cemetery
Helical railgun Helical railguns are multi - turn railgun s that reduce rail and brush current by a factor equal to the number of turns . Two rails are surrounded by a helical barrel and the projectile or re - usable carrier is also helical . The projectile is energized continuously by two brushes sliding along the rails , and two or more additional brushes on the projectile serve to energize and commute several windings of the helical barrel direction in front of and / or behind the projectile . The helical railgun is a cross between a railgun and a coilgun . They do not currently exist in a practical , usable form . A helical railgun was built at MIT in 1980 and was powered by several banks of , for the time , large capacitors ( approximately 4 farad s ) . It was about 3 meters long , consisting of 2 meters of accelerating coil and 1 meter of decelerating coil . It was able to launch a glider or projectile about 500 meters .
Christopher Airy Major - General Sir Christopher John Airy , ( born 8 March 1934 ) was General Officer Commanding the Household Division and Major - General Commanding London District . Military career . Educated at Marlborough College and the Sandhurst , Airy was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1954 . Airy became Personal Military Assistant to the Secretary of State for War in 1960 , Deputy Assistant Adjutant - General and Regimental Adjutant in 1967 and Brigade Major of 4th Guards Brigade in 1971 . In 1974 he transferred to the Scots Guards in 1974 on appointment as Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion of the Scots Guards . Two years later he became Military Assistant to the Master - General of the Ordnance . In 1979 he became Commanding Officer of the 5th Field Force , and in 1982 Assistant Chief of Staff at United Kingdom Land Forces . Promoted to major - general in 1983 , he served at the Royal College of Defence Studies , before becoming Major - General commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District in 1986 . He retired in 1989 . He was appointed Private Secretary and Treasurer to the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1990 . He remained in office for slightly under a year , and was made an Extra Equerry to the Prince of Wales in 1991 . He was appointed KCVO in 1989 and CBE in 1984 . Family . He married Judith Stephenson in 1959 and has one son and two daughters .
Floro PDW The Floro PDW is a compact carbine that has been developed the by Floro International of the Philippines for conventional forces , as a replacement for their 9mm caliber sidearms and submachine guns . Overview . The Floro PDW uses 5 . 56x45mm NATO ammunition and compatible with STANAG Magazine s , improving ammunition compatibility requirements among troops while increasing their firepower effectiveness . The use of the Recoil Reduction System ( RRS ) enhances operator marksmanship and training . The Floro PDW can be fitted with an optional noise suppressor reduces the sound signature of the Floro PDW for Special Forces applications .
Grand Marshal of the Palace Grand Marshal of the Palace ( French : " Grand Maréchal du Palais " ) was the title employed to refer to the leader of the Military Household of the Emperor , during the First French Empire . The responsibilities of this position included : keeping accounts of the expenses ( food , scouting , security , servants , etc . ) , policing and ensuring the security of the Household , during wartime as well as during peacetime . General Duroc filled the position from the moment when Napoleon I became Emperor of the French ( 18 May 1804 ) , until the former ' s death on 23 May 1813 . Then , from 25 May 1813 , general de Caulaincourt replaced Duroc but the position was again vacant later that year , when Caulaincourt became Foreign Minister ( 20 November ) . From that date , general Bertrand became Grand Marshal , exercising his duties during the last days of the Empire , as well as in exile on the islands of Elba and Saint Helena , up until the death of the Emperor on 5 May 1821 .
RFA Fort Duquesne ( A229 ) RFA " Fort Duquesne " ( A229 ) was an air stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . The ship was launched on 28 September 1944 and named " Queensborough Park " , and commissioned on 25 November 1944 and renamed " Fort Duquesne " . The ship was transferred to the RFA on 16 September 1947 . " Fort Duquesne " was decommissioned in April 1967 and put in reserve at Chatham . She arrived at the Scheldt for demolition at Tamise on 29 June 1967 .
James Clarke ( VC ) James Clarke VC ( 6 April 1894 – 10 June 1947 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born in Winsford , Cheshire . Leaving school at the age of 14 , he worked as a day - labourer , before enlisting in the Lancashire Fusiliers in October 1915 . He was 24 years old and an acting company sergeant major in the 15th Battalion , Lancashire Fusiliers , British Army during the First World War when he performed the deeds which resulted in the award of the Victoria Cross . His citation reads : For most conspicuous bravery and initiative during the attack at Happegarbes on 2 Nov . 1918 , when in command of a platoon . He led his men forward with great determination , and on being held up be heavy machine - gun fire , rushed forward through a thick , strongly held ridge , captured in succession four machine - guns , and single - handed bayoneted the crews . Later he led the remnants of his platoon to the capture of three machine - guns and many prisoners . In the later stages of the attack on the same day , when his platoon was held up by enemy machine - guns , he successfully led a tank against them over very exposed ground . Continuing the attack on 3 Nov . , after capturing many prisoners and gaining his objective , he organized his line most skillfully and held up the enemy . On 4 Nov . , in the attack on the Oise - Sambre Canal , under heavy fire from the canal bank , he rushed forward with a Lewis Gun team in the face on an intense barrage , brought the gun into action , and effectively silenced the enemy ' s fire , this enabling his company to advance and gain their objectives . Throughout the whole of these operations Sergt . Clarke acted with magnificent bravery and total disregard of personal safety , and by his gallantry and high sense of duty set an inspiring example to all ranks . He did not find much success in civilian life . On 8 June 1946 , Clarke participated in the World War II Victory Parade . He died the following year of pneumonia . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
New York Aid to Civil Authority Medal The New York Aid to Civil Authority Medal is an award of the State of New York given to the New York State Organized Militia . The New York Aid to Civil Authority Ribbon is awarded any member of the New York Organized Militia who performs any period of state active duty . For each succeeding award , a medal device ( shield ) will be attached to the suspension ribbon and service ribbon . These devices shall be : Silver ( to represent one additional award ) gold ( to represent five additional awards )
Edwin Stolz Edwin Stolz ( 4 December 1912 – 17 May 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Edwin Stolz was killed on 17 May 1944 in Polotsk , Belarus . He was posthumously promoted to Oberleutnant and awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross .
Willi Biesenbach Willi Biesenbach ( 3 July 1915 – 16 November 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Willi Biesenbach was killed on 16 November 1944 in Jülich , Germany during an Allied bombing - raid . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 11 December 1944 and also promoted to Oberfeldwebel .
Second Battle of Seoul The Second Battle of Seoul was the battle to recapture Seoul from the North Koreans in late September 1950 . Approaching Seoul . The advance on Seoul was slow and bloody , after the landings at Inchon . The reason was the appearance in the Seoul area of two first - class fighting units of the North Korean People ' s Army , the 78th Independent Infantry Regiment and 25th Infantry Brigade , about 7 , 000 troops in all . The NKPA launched a T - 34 attack , which was trapped and destroyed , and a Yak bombing run in Incheon harbor , which did little damage . The NKPA attempted to stall the UN offensive to allow time to reinforce Seoul and withdraw troops from the south . Though warned that the process of taking Seoul would allow remaining NKPA forces in the south to escape , MacArthur felt that he was bound to honor promises given to the South Korean government to retake the capital as soon as possible . On the second day , vessels carrying the U . S . Army ' s 7th Infantry Division arrived in Incheon Harbor . General Almond was eager to get the division into position to block a possible enemy movement from the south of Seoul . On the morning of September 18 , the division ' s 2nd Battalion of the 32nd Infantry Regiment landed at Incheon and the remainder of the regiment went ashore later in the day . The next morning , the 2nd Battalion moved up to relieve an U . S . Marine battalion occupying positions on the right flank south of Seoul . Meanwhile , the 7th Division ' s 31st Infantry Regiment came ashore at Incheon . Responsibility for the zone south of Seoul highway passed to 7th Division at 18 : 00 on September 19 . The 7th Infantry Division then engaged in heavy fighting with North Korean soldiers on the outskirts of Seoul . Before the battle , North Korea had just one understrength division in the city , with the majority of its forces south of the capital . MacArthur personally oversaw the 1st Marine Regiment as it fought through North Korean positions on the road to Seoul . Control of Operation Chromite was then given to Major General Edward Almond , the X Corps commander . General Almond was in an enormous hurry to capture Seoul by September 25 , exactly three months of the North Korean assault across the 38th parallel . The battle . On September 22 , the Marines entered Seoul to find it heavily fortified . Casualties mounted as the forces engaged in desperate house - to - house fighting . Anxious to pronounce the conquest of Seoul , Almond declared the city liberated on September 25 despite the fact that Marines were still engaged in house - to - house combat ( gunfire and artillery could still be heard in the northern suburbs ) . After the battle , South Korean Police executed the citizens and their families who were suspected as communist sympathzes . The massacre is known as Goyang Geumjeong Cave Massacre and Namyangju Massacre .
Operation Wheeler / Wallowa Operation Wheeler / Wallowa was an operation during the Vietnam War . It was an offensive on the part of the Americans , of which the My Lai Massacre by a platoon led by Lt William Calley was part . Operation Wheeler was characterized by battalion size combat assaults of the high ground west of Tam Ky in Quang Nam province . These combat assaults were followed by search and destroy operations to find and destroy enemy forces , base camps , and fortifications . On 11 Sep 1967 , the operation was launched under the control of the 1st Brigade , 101st Airborne Division . Operation Wallowa involved intensive surveillance of the Hiep Duc - Que Son Valley . Small units were combat assaulted into the area to find the enemy prior to the insertion of ready reaction forces . On 4 Oct 1967 , the operation was begun under the control of the 3rd Brigade , 1st Cavalry Division ( Ambl ) . On 11 November 1967 both Operations Wheeler and Wallowa were merged to facilitate coordination and control . Seven US Army infantry battalions were participating in the action . On 12 Feb 68 , after participating in Task Force Miracle ( the defense of Da Nang during the Tet Offensive ) , the 1st Battalion 6th Infantry returned south and conducted combat operations under the control of the 3rd Brigade , 4th Infantry Division . On 27 Feb 68 , the 3rd Brigade , 4th Infantry Division tactical area of operations passed to the 196th Infantry Brigade , and the 1st Battalion 6th Infantry came under their operational control . The 3rd Brigade , 4th Infantry Division moved out of the Americal Division area and deployed in the II Corps Tactical Zone further to the south .
Operation Black Eagle Operation Black Eagle is an operation in which U . S . and Polish troops battled gunmen loyal to anti - American cleric Muqtada al - Sadr in the town of Al Diwaniyah , which is the capital of Iraq ' s Al - Qādisiyyah Governorate , for control of the city . U . S . warplanes targeted insurgent positions with Hellfire missiles in and near the city . As of 7 April 2007 , Iraqi officials have verified six insurgents killed and 39 captured . On 10 April 2007 , combat operations had been declared to have ended and the operation continued into the reconstruction phase . Aftermath . In mid - May however , heavy fighting erupted in the city . On 11 August 2007 , a roadside bomb hit the convoy of the governor of Diwaniya , Khalil Jalil Hamza , killing him along with the province ' s police chief Brigadier Khalid Hassan .
Günther Pancke Günther Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Pancke ( 1 May 1899 – 17 August 1973 ) was an SS - " Obergruppenführer " ( General ) and the Higher SS and Police Leader of Denmark . Pancke was born in Gnesen ( Gniezno ) , Province of Posen , German Empire . He served during the First World War as frontline officer with the rank of Leutnant . Between 1920 and 1927 he stayed in South America . He joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1930 , and the SS on 1 June 1931 . Pancke was appointed as Verbindungsoffizier between the Führerhauptquartier and the SS - Totenkopfverbänden and Einsatzgruppen des SD in 1939 . After that he served as Höherer SS - und Polizeiführer " Mitte " . From October 1943 until the end of the war he was appointed as the SS - und Polizeiführer " Dänemark " and was promoted to " Obergruppenführer " und General der Polizei on 20 April 1944 , and General der Waffen - SS on 21 March 1945 . After 8 years of imprisonment in Denmark , Pancke was released 1953 and died on 17 August 1973 in Hamburg .
Fatigue duty Fatigue duty is the labor assigned to military men that does not require the use of arms . Parties sent on fatigue duty were known in English by the French term " detachemens " according to an 1805 military dictionary . History . The term is recorded in America in 1776 , and in an 1805 British military dictionary . In the United States , the allowance of soldiers employed at work on fortifications , in surveys , in cutting roads , and other constant labor , of not less than ten days , was authorized by an act approved March 2 , 1819 , entitled " An act to regulate the pay of the army when employed on fatigue duty " and paid twenty - five cents per day for men employed as ordinary laborers and teamsters , and thirty - five to fifty cents per day for men employed as mechanics , depending on their location .
Margery Booth Margery Booth ( 1905 - 1952 ) , was an English opera singer , who having married a German and emigrated to Germany , became a British spy during World War II , who met Adolf Hitler and sang at a British prisoner of war camp . Booth was born in Hodges Street , Wigan , Lancashire , the daughter of Levi and Ada Booth . The family later moved to Southport . Booth trained in Bolton with R . Evans , in Knightsbridge with Eileen D ' Orme , and then the Guildhall School of Music , where she won the Merscer ' Scholarship in 1925 , then the Opera Scholorship and Liza Lehmann Prize . She made her professional debut at the Queen ' s Hall , Wigan , on October 4 , 1935 . She then moved back to London to continue her career in Covent Garden London in 1936 , but marriage to Dr . Egon Strohm , from a brewing family in the Black Forest region , took her to Germany . Booth ' s career blossomed with performances at Bayreuth and with the Berlin State Opera , but she also made irregular appearances at Covent Garden . She starred as Madalene in 1936 , as Flosshilde in Götterdämmerung , as the Shepherd boy in recording of Tosca with Hildegard Ranczak , but was most famous for her portrayal as Carmen . At the outbreak of World War II the Nazi ' s mistakenly trusted her , sending her to Freigegeben ( Open Prison ) Stalag III - D , a camp for potential recruits to the British Free Corps . There she worked with British agent and prisoner John Brown to obtain details of traitors . On one occasion she sang before Hitler just after a British officer had hidden secret documents in her dress ; Hitler subsequently sent her red roses wrapped in a Swastika flag . In early 1944 , she was arrested by the Gestapo as a suspected spy , and although tortured , did not reveal any information . On release she made her way west , and was liberated in Germany by the advancing US Army . After the war , information she provided was used to convict both Lord Haw Haw and John Amery , both of whom were hanged for treason . She then returned to London , but was professionally rejected as producers mistakingly concluded that she had been a Nazi , and was offered no work . Emigrating again to New York , on arrival she was referred to a doctor who diagosed her with terminal cancer . She died in obscurity in New York from complications of cancer in 1952 . A biopic - film , planned for release in 2014 around Booth ' s life and her WW2 activities , is currently being made by director Xavier Koller , nominally titled " The Spy in the Eagle ' s Nest " .
USS California ( SP - 249 ) USS " California " ( SP - 249 ) - - later known as USS " Hauoli " ( SP - 249 ) – was a yacht acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War I . It was outfitted as an armed patrol craft and , during the first part of its Navy career , patrolled and protected New York waterways . Later , it was assigned to Thomas A . Edison so that he could conduct underwater listening experiments related to antisubmarine warfare . Post - war the yacht was sold to a buyer in Tampa , Florida . Purchased in New York . " Hauoli " , a steam yacht , was built in 1903 by Robbins Drydock Company , Brooklyn , New York , and purchased by the Navy as " California " in August 1917 from her owner , Clara B . Stocker , of New York City . After fitting out , it commissioned at New York Navy Yard 24 December 1917 , Lt . ( j . g . ) W . Applebye - Robinson , USNRF , commanding . Its name was changed back to the original " Hauoli " 18 February 1918 . World War I service . " Hauoli " spent the first year of its service as a patrol vessel in New York harbor . It patrolled outside the harbor also , and occasionally carried passengers to and from convoys . Assigned to Thomas A . Edison . The yacht was transferred to special duty 28 January 1919 , and assigned to the experimental use of Thomas A . Edison for ASW ( antisubmarine warfare ) studies . Edison installed listening devices in " Hauoli " and carried out tests in and around New York harbor . Post - war decommissioning . Before demobilization cut short the experiments with " Hauoli " , it was withdrawn from that service and decommissioned 8 October 1919 , and later sold to Denton Shore Lumber Co . , Tampa , Florida , 7 September 1920 .
Battle of Falun The Battle of Falun ( ) was the first battle of the Swedish War of Liberation that took place in Falun , Sweden on February 5 , 1521 . Swedish rebels under Gustav Vasa , who had just days earlier been proclaimed leader of the Dalecarlians against the Danes , raided Falun . The rebels , consisting of a few hundred poorly - armed peasants and some noble officers , took the Danish forces in the town completely by surprise . The local fogde Kristoffer Olsson and a few others labelled as " traitors " were captured . Local shops run by German merchants were plundered , and the population taxed . The rebels continued onwards through the region , gaining many new recruits . Within short they returned to Falun , and the locals pledged allegiance to Gustav Vasa and his cause . The rebellion continued until the Treaty of Malmö in 1524 . A year earlier , in 1523 , Vasa was crowned King of Sweden .