naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Altafulla At the Battle of Altafulla ( 24 January 1812 ) , a Spanish division led by Joaquín Ibáñez Cuevas y de Valonga , Baron de Eroles clashed with an Imperial French division under the command of David - Maurice - Joseph Mathieu de La Redorte . Believing he faced only a single battalion , Eroles attacked in a heavy fog and was beaten by 8 , 000 French soldiers . The action occurred during the Peninsular War , part of the Napoleonic Wars . The battle was fought near Altafulla , southwest of Tarragona , Spain . Only a few days earlier , on 18 January 1812 , Eroles ' 4 , 250 - man force had wiped out an 850 - strong French battalion of the 121st Line Infantry Regiment at the Col de Balaguer , southwest of Tarragona . Only the French commander , Jacques Mathurin Lafosse , and 22 dragoons escaped the debacle . Emboldened by his victory , Eroles decided to engage a French force six days later at Altafulla and suffered the loss of between 600 and 2 , 000 men . Uncowed by his defeat , Eroles repulsed Jean Raymond Charles Bourke ' s French force when it attacked him at Roda de Isábena on 5 March . Forces . Mathieu ' s Imperial forces included three battalions of the French 3rd Light Infantry Regiment , one battalion each of the French 18th Light , 23rd Line , and 115th Line Infantry Regiments , two battalions of the Duchy of Nassau Infantry Regiment , and two companies of partisans . Baron de Eroles led 4 , 000 foot soldiers , 250 cavalry , and two artillery pieces . While Digby Smith asserted that Spanish losses came to 2 , 000 killed , wounded , and both guns . French losses were described as light . Charles Oman stated that Spanish losses amounted to 600 men and two guns .
Rowland Baring , 2nd Earl of Cromer Rowland Thomas Baring , 2nd Earl of Cromer GCB , GCIE , GCVO , PC , ADC ( 29 November 1877 – 13 May 1953 ) , styled Viscount Errington between 1901 and 1917 , was a British diplomat and courtier . Baring was the son of Evelyn Baring , 1st Earl of Cromer . During the First World War he served as a subaltern in the Grenadier Guards From 1922 to 1937 he was Lord Chamberlain of the Household . Lord Cromer married Lady Ruby Elliot - Murray - Kynynmound , daughter of Gilbert Elliot - Murray - Kynynmound , 4th Earl of Minto , on 4 April 1908 . They had three children : In the film " Mrs Henderson Presents " , Cromer is portrayed by actor Christopher Guest .
Thomas Boude Thomas Boude ( May 17 , 1752 – October 24 , 1822 ) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Thomas Boude was born in Lancaster , Pennsylvania . During the American Revolutionary War served as a lieutenant under Gen . Anthony Wayne with the Second , Fourth , and Fifth Pennsylvania Battalions from January 5 , 1776 , to November 3 , 1783 , and was promoted to captain and brevet major . He engaged in business as a lumber dealer in Columbia , Pennsylvania . He was a member and one of the organizers of the Society of the Cincinnati . He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1794 to 1796 . He was elected as a Federalist to the Seventh Congress . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1802 to the Eighth Congress . He resumed his former business as a lumber dealer and died in Columbia , Pennsylvania , on October 24 , 1822 . Interment in that part of Mount Bethel Cemetery known as the “ Brick Graveyard . ”
Wilhelm Busse Wilhelm Busse ( 8 August 1915 – 28 June 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Wilhelm Busse was killed on 28 June 1944 near Mogilev , Belarus during the Mogilev Offensive .
Louis d ' Aurelle de Paladines Louis Jean - Baptiste d ' Aurelle de Paladines ( 9 January 1804 – 17 December 1877 ) was a French general . He was born at Le Malzieu - Ville , Lozère , educated at the Prytanée National Militaire and St Cyr , and entered the army as sub - lieutenant of foot in 1824 . He served with distinction in Algeria between 1841 and 1848 , becoming lieutenant - colonel and an officer of the Legion of Honour ; took part in the Roman campaigns of 1848 and 1849 , and was made colonel . He served as general of brigade throughout the Crimean War of 1854 - 56 , being promoted general of division and commander of the Legion of Honour . During the campaign in Lombardy in 1859 he commanded at Marseilles , and superintended the despatch of men and stores to the seat of war , and for his services he was made a grand officer of the Legion of Honour . Placed on the reserve list in 1869 , he was recalled to the Marseilles command on the outbreak of the Franco - German War of 1870 - 71 . After the first capture of Orléans by the Germans , he was appointed by the Government of National Defense , in November 1870 , to the command of the Army of the Loire ( notwithstanding his monarchist and catholic beliefs ) . He was at first very successful against von der Tann - Rathsamhausen , winning the battle of Coulmiers and compelling the Germans to evacuate Orléans , but the capitulation of Metz had set free additional German troops to oppose him , and , after his defeat at Beaune la Rolande and subsequent unsuccessful fighting near Orléans , resulting in its recapture by the Germans in December , Aurelle retreated into the Sologne and was superseded . After the government surrendered to Prussia in January 1871 , General Paladines was appointed as head of the National Guard , whose members deeply resented having him as their commander . After the armistice he was elected to the National Assembly by the departments both of Allier and Gironde . He sat for Allier and was one of the fifteen officers chosen to assist in the peace negotiations . He was decorated with the grand cross of the Legion of Honour , and was given the command at Bordeaux , but retired in 1872 . Elected a life senator in 1875 , he supported the monarchical majority of 1876 . He died at Versailles in 1877 . He was the author of " La Première Armée de la Loire " , published in 1872 .
Battle of Lutos The Battle of Lutos occurred in the year 794 when the Emir of Cordoba , Hisham I of Córdoba sent military incursions against the Kingdom of Asturias under the command of the brothers Abd al - Karim ibn Abd al - Walid ibn Mugaith and Abd al - Malik ibn Abd al - Walid ibn Mugaith . The Battle . Abd al - Karim carried out a scorched earth campaign of aggression against the lands of Álava whilst his brother , Abd al - Malik directed his forces into the heart of the Asturian Kingdom without encountering significant resistance aside from the town of Oviedo . He destroyed much of the countryside , including churches built by Fruela I of Asturias . Upon their return to Al - Andalus , in the valley of Camino Real del Puerto de la Mesa , they were set upon by King Alfonso II of Asturias and the forces under his command . The Asturian forces ambushed the Muslim army in a part of the valley near Grado , Asturias that has been thought by historians to be the area around Los Lodos . The battle resulted in an Asturian victory and the majority of the invading Muslim army was wiped out . Abd al - Malik was killed in the action .
Mariano Bustamante Mariano Emilio Bustamante y Mantilla ( August 5 , 1831 – June 7 , 1880 ) was a Peruvian hero of the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru , fighting in the battles of San Francisco , Tarapacá and Arica , in which he was killed while combating . He was born in the town of Tingo , near the city of Arequipa , Peru . He joined the army to fight as a colonel during the war , he died on June 7 , 1880 , during the Battle of Arica along with 50 % of the men that defended Arica . He was the Chief of Detail for Colonel Alfonso Ugarte under the garrison commanded by Colonel Francisco Bolognesi . He was one of the Peruvian officers who , on the eve of the battle , had gallantly rejected an offer to surrender the garrison to the Chilean army , and prompted Colonel Bolognesi to vow to the Chilean emissary that he would defend the garrison to the last cartridge . A barracks in the Mariano Melgar District , in the city of Arequipa , are named after him .
John Handran John Handran ( born 1852 , date of death unknown ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Biography . Born in 1852 in Massachusetts , Handran joined the Navy from that state . By January 9 , 1876 , he was serving as a seaman on the . On that morning , while " Franklin " was at Lisbon , Portugal , Landsman Henry O . Neil fell from the ship ' s lower boom into the water and was swept away by a strong tidal current . Handran and another sailor , Ordinary Seaman Edward Maddin , jumped overboard and kept Neil afloat until a boat could be sent to their assistance . For this action , both Handran and Maddin were awarded the Medal of Honor a month later , on February 15 . In his letter of recommendation , the ship ' s captain stated that Handran had " displayed the same sort of gallantry on several occasions . " Handran ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For gallant conduct while serving on board the U . S . S . " Franklin " at Lisbon , Portugal , 9 January 1876 . Jumping overboard , Handran rescued from drowning one of the crew of that vessel .
Waightstill Avery Waightstill Avery ( 10 May 1741 , Groton , Connecticut – 13 March 1821 , Morganton , North Carolina ) was an early American lawyer and soldier . He is noted for fighting a duel with future U . S . president Andrew Jackson in 1788 . Family . Avery was descended from the Plantagenet Kings of England , as well as several Magna Charta Sureties and William Marshal ( 1st Earl of Pembroke ) through his grandmother Susan / Susannah Palmes ( c . 1665 - 2 October 1747 , Groton CT ) . He was a descendant of Christopher Avery ( born England , died 12 March 1670 ) who had come to America in 1630 aboard the " Arbella " as part of the Winthrop Fleet . Avery married Leah Probart Francks ( d . 13 January 1832 ) on 3 October 1778 in New Bern , North Carolina . A grandson , Isaac E . Avery , served as a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War , perishing at the Battle of Gettysburg . Another grandson was William Waightstill Avery , speaker of the North Carolina Senate and a member of the Confederate Congress . Career . Avery was elected to the colonial assembly in 1772 and served as attorney - general for the Crown . In 1775 and 1776 , Avery was elected to the North Carolina Provincial Congress es and in that capacity helped draft the first North Carolina Constitution . He was the first Attorney General of North Carolina ( 1777 – 1779 ) and a colonel in the state ’ s militia during the American Revolutionary War ; he also served in the North Carolina General Assembly ( the House of Commons in 1782 , 1783 , 1784 , 1785 , 1793 , and the Senate in 1796 ) . He was among the early instigators clamoring for the colony ' s independence from Great Britain . According to the " Dictionary of North Carolina Biography " ( ed . Powell , Vol I . p . 70 ) " In 1780 , while occupying Charlotte , Cornwallis ordered the burning of Avery ' s office ; of his books and papers , only those stored at the home of his friend Hezekiah Alexander were saved . This evidence of displeasure was visited only upon those whom Cornwallis considered leading offenders . ” Duel with Andrew Jackson . In 1788 , Avery was challenged to a duel by Andrew Jackson , then a young territorial lawyer . Avery , also a lawyer , would often proclaim " I refer to " Bacon " " — meaning " The Elements of the Common Laws of England " , the noted law text written by Francis Bacon — when making a point . Jackson once replaced a copy of the text with an actual side of bacon in Avery ’ s saddlebags . When Avery criticized him for levity in the courtroom , “ Old Hickory ” issued the duel challenge . The two men met on the field of honor , each intentionally missed the other while firing , and they left fast friends . Honoraria . Avery County , North Carolina was named for him , as is the Waightstill Avery Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Brevard , North Carolina .
Sherrod E . Skinner , Jr . Sherrod Emerson Skinner , Jr . ( October 28 , 1929 – October 26 , 1952 ) was a United States Marine Corps officer who sacrificed his life in defense of his outpost and fellow Marines on " The Hook " in Korea . For his actions on October 26 , 1952 , 1stLt Skinner was posthumously awarded the United States of America ' s highest military honor — the Medal of Honor . Biography . Sherrod Emerson Skinner , Jr . was born October 29 , 1929 in Hartford , Connecticut . He attended grammar school in East Lansing , Michigan . In 1947 , he graduated from Milton Academy , Milton , Massachusetts , and entered Harvard University . While at Harvard , he and his twin brother , David , entered the Marine Corps Reserve Platoon Leaders program , serving on active duty during the summers of 1948 and 1949 . He was appointed a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve on October 9 , 1951 and ordered to active duty the following day . In March 1952 , after completing the Marine Officers Basic School at Quantico , Virginia , 2ndLt Skinner entered the Battery Officer Course in the Artillery School , Fort Sill , Oklahoma , and completed the artillery course in July 1952 . He then trained at Camp Pendleton , California , until he left for Korea . Second Lieutenant Skinner was a forward artillery observer with the 11th Marines , 1st Marine Division , in a vital forward outpost when it was attacked by the enemy under cover of heavy artillery fire . He continued the defense of the position until ammunition was exhausted and then directed his men to feign death as the enemy overran the position . When a grenade was thrown among the Marines , he threw himself on it , sacrificing his own life to protect his men . His parents were notified by General Lemuel C . Shepherd , Jr . , Commandant of the Marine Corps , that their son was the 35th Marine to be awarded the nation ’ s highest decoration since the start of the Korean War . The medal was presented to his parents at the Marine Barracks , Washington , D . C . by then - Vice President Richard Nixon on September 9 , 1953 . Second Lieutenant Skinner ’ s remains were returned to Arlington National Cemetery for burial in January 1953 . His grave can be found in section 3 , lot 2032 . Decorations . In addition to the Medal of Honor and Purple Heart , 2dLt Skinner was entitled to the Korean Service Medal with one bronze star and the United Nations Service Medal . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to SECOND LIEUTENANT SHERROD E . SKINNER , JR . UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE for service as set forth in the following CITATION : / S / DWIGHT D . EISENHOWER
17th parallel north The 17th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 17 degrees north of the Earth ' s equatorial plane . It crosses Africa , Asia , the Indian Ocean , the Pacific Ocean , Central America , the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean . The parallel is particularly significant in the history of Vietnam ( see below ) . At this latitude the sun is visible for 13 hours , 9 minutes during the summer solstice and 11 hours , 7 minutes during the winter solstice . Around the world . Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards , the parallel 17° north passes through : Vietnam . The Seventeenth parallel ( ) was the provisional military demarcation line between North and South Vietnam established by the Geneva Accords of 1954 . The demarcation line did not exactly coincide with the 17th parallel but ran south of it , approximately along the Ben Hai River in Quang Tri Province to the village of Bo Ho Su and from there due west to the Laos - Vietnam border . In 1976 the demarcation line was made irrelevant as Vietnam was unified following the surrender of the South Vietnamese government .
Wolfgang Engels Wolfgang Engels ( born 1943 in Düsseldorf ) is a former East German soldier . In April 1963 , on the eve of May Day celebrations , he rammed a stolen armoured personnel carrier ( APC ) into the Berlin Wall in an attempt to escape into West Berlin . The APC did not fully penetrate the wall , so Engels exited the vehicle and was shot twice while struggling to free himself from barbed wire . He was pulled to safety by West Berliners and taken to a nearby bar . He would later recover from his wounds in a West German hospital .
Battle of Chalai The Battle of Chalai was an armed confrontation over control of Chalai , Sri Lanka between the 55 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) during the Sri Lankan civil war , fought in February 2009 . Chalai was the final Sea Tiger base held by the LTTE during the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV . Fighting lasted for five days , following which the 55 Division took control of the area . During the engagement , one soldier was wounded when a bomb carried by a child between 13 and 16 years of age exploded . The Sri Lankan Army indicates this suicide bomber was sent by the LTTE . Witnesses describe the boy behaving as though he had been " drugged or severely harassed before the mission . "
USS Alarka ( YTB - 229 ) USS " Alarka " ( YTB - 229 ) , was a United States Navy tug in commission from 1945 to 1946 . " Alarka " was laid down on 31 August 1944 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Company at Greenport , Long Island , New York , and was launched on 20 January 1945 , sponsored by Mrs . Horace W . Watts , the head of the William and Watts firm which performed electrical work under subcontract during the construction of " Alarka " . Delivered to the U . S . Navy on 5 April 1945 , " Alarka " was commissioned on 6 April 1945 . Early in May 1945 , " Alarka " departed New York City and proceeded , via the Panama Canal and Pearl Harbor , Hawaii to the western Pacific Ocean . She arrived in Buckner Bay , Okinawa , late in August or early in September 1945 . She served there and later at Sasebo , Japan , where she was placed out of service sometime late in 1946 . On 23 December 1946 , " Alarka " was sold to the Chinese Supply Commission . Her name was struck from the Navy List on 28 January 1947 .
Battle of Firenzuola The Battle of Firenzuola was fought on 29 July 923 between the forces of Rudolph II of Burgundy and Adalbert I of Ivrea on one side and Berengar I of Italy on the other . The battle was a defeat for Berengar , who was thus " de facto " dethroned and replaced by Rudolf as King of Italy . His own grandson and namesake , Berengar II , who would later be king of Italy as well , fought on the winning side against him . Berengar was supported principally by the German faction in Italy . He was defeated by Guido of Spoleto in 889 . He re - emerged as sole king in Italy in 898 after the death of Lambert of Spoleto . Louis of Provence was elected as king of Italy in 900 , with support particularly from Anscar of Ivrea . Berengario defeated Louis twice , the second time conclusively in 905 when he had his rival blinded . He was crowned Emperor at Rome in 916 . He allied himself with the Hungarians to defeat Rudolph , who emerged as another rival candidate for the Italian throne , but was later forced back to Verona by Rudolf , and finally defeated by him at Firenzuola .
Hans - Joachim Kroschinski Hans - Joachim Kroschinski ( 11 May 1920 – 7 January 1995 ) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Serving with 2 . / JG 54 Kroschinski gained his first known Soviet victory , a MiG - 3 on 5 August 1942 . He had a total of four by the end of 1942 . On 21 December 1944 while flying Fw 190 A - 9 ( W . Nr . 380360 ) " Yellow 6 " , he shot down five Pe - 2 bombers , but was then seriously wounded by return fire from other Pe - 2s over Frauenburg . He bailed out of his Fw - 190 but as a result of his wounds lost both eyes and his right leg . " Feldwebel " Hans - Joachim Kroschinski was credited with at least 76 victories , all recorded over the Eastern Front in 360 missions , including 240 low level attacks . Included in his total is 15 Il - 2 Sturmoviks , 2 tanks , a Gun Boat on Lake Ladoga , and 2 MTB ' s in the Finnish Bay .
Owingsville Air Force Station Owingsville Air Force Station ( ADC ID : M - 111 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located northwest of Owingsville , Kentucky . It was closed in 1957 . History . Owingsville Air Force Station was part of the planned deployment by Air Defense Command of forty - four Mobile radar stations across the United States to support the permanent Radar network established during the Cold War for air defense of the United States . This deployment had been projected to be operational by mid - 1952 . Funding , constant site changes , construction , and equipment delivery delayed deployment . The 809th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at Owingsville on 1 December 1954 with an AN / TPS - 1 D Radar . Operational status was achieved in 1956 , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . Budget cuts forced closure on 30 November 1957 . The site was then redesignated as an unmanned gap - filler radar annex ( P - 82B ) controlled by Snow Mountain AFS , KY . It later was assigned as a Gap Filler for Guthrie AFS , WV ( P - 43C ) and eventually was closed in the 1960s . It is unclear if Owingsville was ever equipped with an AN / FPS - 14 or FPS - 18 radar . Today the radar site is obliterated and abandoned . The former containment area is now owned by the Kentucky DOT .
Parma ( shield ) Parma or " parmula " ( the diminutive of " parma " ) was a type of round shield used by the Roman army , especially during the later period of Imperial history . Characteristics . The Parma was about 36 inches ( 91 cm ) across ( or less ) and had iron in its frame , making it a very effective piece of armor . Parma had a handle and a shield boss ( umbo ) . The Parma was used by legionnaires in the Early Republican period of Rome ' s history by the lowest class division of the army — the Velites . The Velites armor consisted of a parma , javelin , sword and helmet . Later , the parma was replaced by the scutum . The parma was very effective in the act of blocking arrows ; making it a favorite , for the time , of the Roman infantry . War use . It was used mainly by auxiliary infantry and cavalry , the legionaries preferring the heavier but more protective scutum , during earlier periods . It was used also by signifer . In Virgil ' s Aeneid , the parma is cited as a weapon utilised by the Teucrians in defence against the Greeks ( Battle of Troy ) , and later against the Rutulians . Other uses . Parmula was the shield used by thraex gladiator . It was also used by the roman vexillifers or flag bearers that carried the standard that marked the cohort as well as most early auxiliaries . In the Pyrrhic dance it was raised above the head and struck with a sword so as to emit a loud ringing noise .