naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Yard patrol boat Yard Patrol craft are used by the United States Navy for training and for research purposes . They are designated as YP in the Hull classification symbol system . World War II . Following the attack on Pearl Harbor the United States Navy leased California based tuna boats for the duration of the war or " until victory " . On February 16 , 1942 , San Diego Port Director Commander W . J . Morcott called a meeting of tuna skippers and crews at the Naval Armory Reserve telling the men “ The Navy needs men to man the [ clippers ] — experienced men , like yourselves . Needless to say , duty in the war zones will be hazardous . ” Six hundred tuna boat men volunteered to join their boats in the navy . The boats were painted navy grey and had their names replaced with numerical designations . The ships patrolled the coasts of the United States , the Panama Canal and served in several battles of the South Pacific , particularly the Battle of Guadalcanal . Modern usage . The YPs are used to teach familiarization with water craft , Basic Damage Control and underway instruction of Basic to Advanced Seamanship and Navigation . Yard Patrol craft provide realistic , at - sea training in navigation and seamanship for midshipmen at the U . S . Naval Academy in Annapolis , Maryland , and candidates at Officer Candidate School , Newport , Rhode Island . These craft can cruise for at for five days without refueling . YPs are used at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division in Keyport , Washington , to measure mobile underwater target and torpedo radiated noise plus ambient water noise conditions ; serve as a platform for deployment of suspended , stationary , in - water acoustic targets during on - range torpedo proof and test operations ; deployment of countermeasure emulator during torpedo operations ; and deployment of oceanographic measurement instrumentation to determine seawater conductivity and temperature at the depth ( s ) of interest . The new Training Patrol Craft ( YP ) are designated the YP 703 class . The general craft characteristics of the YP 703 class emphasize habitability , training areas , hull structure , integrated bridge , maneuverability , propulsion plant configuration , and , for training purposes only , simulated Underway Replenishment . The main and auxiliary systems and electronics are state - of - the art , Commercial - Off - The - Shelf equipment . Design , construction , and selection of systems , sub - systems , and equipment along with associated software are consistent with reduced Total Ownership Cost and shall facilitate system maintenance and periodic upgrades . The primary mission of the Training Patrol Craft ( YP ) is to provide the midshipmen professional training course with practical training afloat on a robust platform to conduct professional development in a safe shipboard environment equipped with systems essential to modern seamanship and navigation . Such training is designed to develop within midshipmen the abilities of an Officer - of the Deck , a proficiency in navigation , and a working knowledge of afloat operations .
Gotthard Fischer Gotthard Fischer ( 10 January 1891 – 27 July 1969 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gotthard Fischer was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945 in the Courland Pocket , and was held until 1955 .
Type 92 heavy machine gun Design . The Type 92 was essentially a scaled - up version of the Type 3 Heavy Machine Gun , with its calibre increased to 7 . 7 mm , and like the Type 3 was air cooled , ammo strip fed , and based on the Hotchkiss M1914 . It could use both a rimless and semi - rimmed 7 . 7x58mm Shiki round . A 7 . 7 round could be used if needed or if other ammunition supplies dwindled . Rounds fired from the gun traveled at about 2 , 400 ft / s , and the rate of fire was about 450 rpm . It was sometimes used as a light anti - aircraft gun during the Pacific War . It was nicknamed " woodpecker " by Western Allied soldiers because of the characteristic sound it made when fired , and the " chicken neck " by Chinese soldiers due to its appearance . The Type 92 had a maximum range of 4 , 500 meters , but a practical range of 800 meters . The gun was intended to be fired on a tripod with a team of 3 men . The unusual tripod was designed with removable carry poles , so that the weapon could be transported fully assembled for quicker deployment . An unusual characteristic of this gun was the placement of its iron sights – canted slightly to the right instead of center . A number of different sights were produced for the weapon , the Type 93 and Type 94 periscopic sights as well as the Type 96 telescopic sight . A ring - type anti - aircraft sight was also produced . A major problem with this weapon was the short strip . This led to a lowering in the rate of fire , and could cause jams in the loading mechanism . To alleviate this the Japanese oiled the rounds in the factories producing the ammunition . However , this caused the problem to escalate , as the grease picked up dirt during operations . This grime was then deposited directly into the breech mechanism , worsening the problem . This was a problem common among Japanese machine guns .
HMS Grafton ( 1709 ) HMS " Grafton " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy . She was built by Swallow and Fowler , of Limehouse , London to the dimensions of the 1706 Establishment , and was launched on 9 August 1709 . She spent some time under the command of George Forbes , 3rd Earl of Granard , and by 1718 she was commanded by Nicholas Haddock , and was present at the Battle of Cape Passaro . By 1738 she was stationed at the Nore , when she was commanded by Richard Lestock . On 21 September 1722 " Grafton " was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment at Woolwich , from where she was relaunched on 25 November 1725 . She remained in service until 1744 , when she was broken up .
RAF Ferry Command The RAF Ferry Command had a short life , but it spawned , in part , an organisation that lasted well beyond the war years during which it was formed . History . The practice of ferrying aircraft from US manufacturers to the UK was begun by the Atlantic Ferry Organization ( " Atfero " ) set up by Morris W . Wilson , a banker in Montreal . Wilson hired civilian pilots to fly the aircraft to the UK . The pilots were then ferried back . " Atfero hired the pilots , planned the routes , selected the airports [ and ] set up weather and radiocommunication stations . " Ferry Command was formed on 20 July 1941 , by the raising of the RAF Atlantic Ferry Service to Command status . Its commander for its whole existence was Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick Bowhill . He was also the first commander of Ferry Command ' s successor , Transport Command . As its name suggests , the main function of Ferry Command was the ferrying of new aircraft from factory to operational unit . Ferry Command did this over only one area of the world , rather than the more general routes that Transport Command later developed . The Command ' s operational area was the north Atlantic , and its responsibility was to bring the larger aircraft that had the range to do the trip over the ocean from American and Canadian factories to the RAF home Commands . This was pioneering work : before Ferry Command , only about a hundred aircraft had attempted a North Atlantic crossing in good weather , and only about half had made it . Over the course of the war , more than 9 , 000 aircraft were ferried across the ocean and , by the end of the war , crossing the Atlantic had become a routine operation , presaging the inauguration of scheduled commercial air transport services after the war . Ferry Command was subsumed into the new Transport Command on 25 March 1943 by being reduced to Group status as No . 45 Group . No . 45 Group still retained responsibility for Atlantic aircraft ferrying operations , but Transport Command was a worldwide formation , rather than a single - mission command . Aircraft were first transported to Dorval Airport near Montreal , and then flown to RCAF Station Gander in Newfoundland for the trans - Atlantic flight .
M - 19 Gun Motor Carriage The M - 19 Gun Motor Carriage was a modified M - 24 Chaffee used as an anti - aircraft gun , using a 40mm Bofors gun in the place of the Chaffee ' s 75mm tank gun . It was used during the Korean War Description . Standardized in June 1944 , the M19 Twin 40mm Gun Motor Carriage was an obvious upgrade over the combat proven M15 halftrack series . The M19 full - track carriage featured two turret - mounted 40mm Bofors guns on an M24 Chaffee light tank chassis . The first M19 units were not accepted by the Army until the war in Europe was all but over , so the carriage did not see significant employment until the postwar years and the conflict in Korea . Although developed and standardized during World War II , the M19 is best considered a postwar weapon . The M19 carriage should not be confused with the later twin 40mm M42 Duster that was produced in the 1950s . The M19 chassis was powered by a pair of 110 horsepower , 346 cubic inch V8 engines . The armored gun turret could be operated by a hand crank system or power control . The gun mount incorporated a computing sight derived from the M7 Weissight that was used on many towed - mount single Bofors pieces . The turret could traverse a full 360º circle , but the guns were limited to elevations between + 5º and 87º . The M19 was manned by a crew of five , consisting of a squad leader , driver , gun pointer and two cannoneers . The squad leader , usually a corporal , was in command of the crew and operated the weapon ' s computing sight . The gun pointer was responsible for tracking the targeted aircraft and firing the guns . The two cannoneers kept their respective 40mm pieces supplied with ammunition and assisted with the operation of the turret when manually controlled . Additionally , a section leader , in command of the M19 and its partner machine gun carriage ( the M16 halftrack ) , would ride in the assistant driver compartment .
Cohors I Alpinorum peditata Cohors prima Alpinorum peditata ( " 1st infantry Cohort of Alpini " ) was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment . It was probably raised as one of 4 - 6 Alpini regiments recruited after the final annexation of the western Alpine regions by emperor Augustus in 15 BC . " Alpini " was a generic name covering several Celtic - speaking mountain tribes inhabiting the Alps between Italy and Gaul , which were organised as the Tres Alpes provinces . It was originally stationed either on the Rhine or in Illyricum . The regiment is first attested in the epigraphic record in 80 AD , when it was stationed in Pannonia ( W Hungary / Slovenia ) . After Pannonia was split in c . 107 into two provinces , " I Alpinorum ped . " is attested in Pannonia Inferior until at least 167 . In 179 it is attested in Dacia Superior . It is believed to have been stationed in Pannonia in the early 3rd century ( from a tile - stamp dated c . 210 ) . In terms of forts , one theory has the regiment stationed in Poetovio ( Ptuj , Slovenia ) in the Flavian period ( 69 - 96 ) and then moving to Carnuntum with Legio XIV Gemina . After 107 , it supposedly moved to Lussonium and after 167 to Mursa . But this sequence is disputed , as the regiment ' s tile stamp has been found in Arnsburg in the Taunus region in Germania Libera ( Germany outside the empire ) . Attested personnel is scarce . A " praefectus " ( regimental commander ) called Titus Popilius and two of his " principales " ( junior officers ) set up a dedicatory stone in S . Maria in Pantano ( Central Italy ) . A centurion called Cerealis son of Plada restored an altar in Bescarzi in the Val Camonica ( Lombardia , N . Italy ) , most likely his native region . The title " peditata " , rarely used , was given presumably to distinguish the regiment from cohors I Alpinorum equitata , which was serving in Pannonia at the same time . The most likely reason for these two regiments carrying the same name and number is that they were raised as part of two separate series . The modern Italian Army still today contains crack regiments called " Alpini " .
USS Amber ( PYc - 6 ) USS Amber ( PYc - 6 ) was a patrol boat in the United States Navy . " Amber " started life as the yacht " Infanta " built for the actor John Barrymore , but was later sold and renamed " Polaris " . She was built in 1930 at Craig ship building in Long Beach California , purchased by the United States Navy from Edward and Kathryn Lowe on 23 December 1940 , converted for naval service by the Winslow Marine Railway and Shipbuilding Co . Inc . , Winslow , Washington ; renamed " Amber " on 10 January 1941 and simultaneously designated PYc - 6 , and placed in commission at Seattle on 3 March 1941 , Lt . W . B . Combs in command . " Amber " was assigned to the Inshore Patrol of the 13th Naval District and , from May until early August , operated around Seattle , Tacoma , and Port Townsend , Washington . The patrol craft left Seattle on 6 August on a cruise to Alaska , and visited Ketchikan , Juneau , and Sitka , before returning to Seattle early in September . In November , " Amber " was assigned to patrol duty at Astoria , Oregon , and patrolled the Strait of Juan de Fuca off Neah Bay , Washington , under the control of the Northwest Sea Frontier Patrol Group . " Amber " was decommissioned on 18 October 1944 and her name was struck from the Navy list on 13 November 1944 . The ship was sold back to her former owners on 13 June 1945 . Later the boat was acquired by the Foss Towing Company , Seattle ( later name changed to Foss Maritime ) , and renamed MY " Thea Foss " .
Exton Hall Exton Hall is an English country house on the western edge of the village of Exton , Rutland , England , standing in its own extensive park . The Hall . It was the family seat of the family of Sir James Harington and later the Noel family , Earls of Gainsborough for almost four hundred years . An earlier mansion burnt down in 1810 and is now a ruin which has grand gables and beautiful chimneys like many Elizabethan houses . The present Exton Hall was built in the 19th century close to the ruins of the original house . In 1869 a Roman Catholic chapel , dedicated to St Thomas of Canterbury was added , to a design by Charles Alban Buckler . The hall is still in regular use as the private home of Henry Noel , Viscount Campden and his family . The hall is one of the many stately homes in Britain associated with the Legend of the Mistletoe Bough . The hall remains a private home and is not normally open to the public , though it is available for a limited number of exclusive private weddings . Parkland . In the park is a the romantic Fort Henry , a pleasure - house built in 1788 in the elegant Gothick style which overlooks lakes formed by the North Brook . There is an extensive description of the parkland surrounding the hall in its own English Heritage listing . The park is extensive , and spreads across the parishes of Exton , Cottesmore , Greetham and Horn . In 1948 the 5th Earl of Gainsborough gave the United Steel Companies a lease to quarry ironstone in the Park . Sundew , the world ' s largest walking dragline worked the land from 1957 until 1974 when mining ceased . Sundew then slowly walked to Corby . Material was moved by a narrow - gauge railway with a loop of nine miles and a link to the exchange sidings at what is now Rutland Railway Museum ' s site .
Martín de Mujica y Buitrón Martin de Mujica y Buitrón , also known as Martin de Mogica or Muxica ( Villafranca ( now Ordizia ) , Gipuzkoa - † Santiago , Chile , April 1649 ) ; Spanish Basque military man who was named by king Philip IV of Spain , to be Captain General and Royal Governor of Chile , besides president of its Real Audiencia . His government was from May 1646 and April 1649 , when he died , apparently poisoned . Frequently described as an honest administrator . He looked for peace with the mapuches , celebrating the Parliament of Quilín ( 1647 ) .
Victor L . Kandle Victor Leonard Kandle ( June 13 , 1921 – December 31 , 1944 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Born in Roy , Washington , on June 13 , 1921 , Kandle joined the Army from Redwood City , California in September 1940 . He served in Europe as a first lieutenant with the 15th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division . On October 9 , 1944 , near La Forge , France , he led his platoon in the capture of a German stronghold and the destruction of two machine gun emplacements . Then , with his men providing supporting fire , he attacked a fortified house and forced the Germans inside to surrender . He was killed in action two months later and , on May 11 , 1945 , was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions near La Forge . Kandle was buried at the Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial in Épinal , France . Medal of Honor citation . First Lieutenant Kandle ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . On 9 October 1944 , at about noon , near La Forge , France , 1st Lt . Kandle , while leading a reconnaissance patrol into enemy territory , engaged in a duel at pointblank range with a German field officer and killed him . Having already taken 5 enemy prisoners that morning , he led a skeleton platoon of 16 men , reinforced with a light machinegun squad , through fog and over precipitous mountain terrain to fall on the rear of a German quarry stronghold which had checked the advance of an infantry battalion for 2 days . Rushing forward , several yards ahead of his assault elements , 1st Lt . Kandle fought his way into the heart of the enemy strongpoint , and , by his boldness and audacity , forced the Germans to surrender . Harassed by machinegun fire from a position which he had bypassed in the dense fog , he moved to within 15 yards of the enemy , killed a German machinegunner with accurate rifle fire and led his men in the destruction of another machinegun crew and its rifle security elements . Finally , he led his small force against a fortified house held by 2 German officers and 30 enlisted men . After establishing a base of fire , he rushed forward alone through an open clearing in full view of the enemy , smashed through a barricaded door , and forced all 32 Germans to surrender . His intrepidity and bold leadership resulted in the capture or killing of 3 enemy officers and 54 enlisted men , the destruction of 3 enemy strongpoints , and the seizure of enemy positions which had halted a battalion attack .
NASAMS 2 The Norwegian Advanced Surface - to - Air Missile System 2 ( abbreviated " NASAMS 2 " ) is a module - based , distributed and networked medium range air - defence system , designed by the Norwegian Kongsberg Gruppen . NASAMS 2 is an upgraded version of the NASAMS air - defence system and it has been operational since 2007 . A complete NASAMS 2 battery consists of 12 missile launchers ( LCHR ) ( each one carrying six AMRAAM missiles ) , eight radar s ( AN / MPQ64 Sentinel ) , one fire control centre ( CTOC ) , one electro - optical camera vehicle ( MSP500 ) and one Tactical Control Cell ( TCC ) vehicle . The upgrades consists of : The control system can detach itself from the sensors , in order to become less visible .
Marcus W . Robertson Marcus William Robertson ( February 12 , 1870 – May 24 , 1948 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions on the Philippine - American War . Marcus Robertson enlisted in the United States Army from Hood River , Oregon in May 1898 , and by May 16 , 1899 was serving as a private in Company B of the 2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment . On that day , near San Isidro in the Philippines , Private Robertson helped to rout a large enemy force despite being greatly outnumbered . For his actions , he was presented with the Medal of Honor on April 28 , 1906 . He later rose to the rank of stable Sergeant and served in France during World War I . He died at age 78 and was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery , Hood River , Oregon . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company B , 2d Oregon Volunteer Infantry . Place and date : Near San Isidro , Philippine Islands , May 16 , 1899 . Entered service at : Hood River , Oreg . Birth : Flintville , Wisconsin Date of issue : April 28 , 1906 .
Château de Talmont Château de Talmont is a medieval castle in the Talmont - Saint - Hilaire commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region of western France . History . The Château de Talmont was founded by the Count of Poitou in the 10th century and the first documentary records appear between 1040 and 1046 . In 1138 the castle was held by Joscelin de Lezay , who was attacked by Louis VII ; despite being considered invulnerable because it could be resupplied from the sea , the castle was burnt by the king . Talmont passed on to the Mauléons by 1140s , but in 1182 Richard I of England became the lord of Talmont ; he remained in control of the castle until his death in 1199 , when it was returned to the Mauléon family .
German submarine U - 519 German submarine " U - 519 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 23 June 1941 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg as ' werk ' 334 , launched on 12 February 1942 and commissioned on 7 May 1942 under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Günter Eppen . After training with the 4th U - boat Flotilla , " U - 519 " was transferred to the 2nd U - boat Flotilla for front - line service on 1 November 1942 . Service history . 1st patrol . The U - boat left Kiel on 17 October 1942 , moved through the gap between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands into the Atlantic Ocean and patrolled the vicinity of the Azores , joining the wolfpack " Westwall " between 8 November and 16 December . However she had no successes . She arrived at Lorient in occupied France on 29 December after 74 days at sea . 2nd patrol . The boat departed Lorient for the last time on 30 January 1943 . She has been posted missing since 31 January 1943 . She was previously thought to have been sunk by " Tidewater Tillie , " a B - 24 Liberator of the 2d Antisubmarine Squadron , about six hundred miles west of Lorient .
Lodgement A lodgement is an enclave taken by and defended by force of arms against determined opposition made by increasing the size of a bridgehead , beachhead or airhead into a substantial defended area , the rear parts of whichat the least are out of direct line of fire . Example :
Friedrich von Ingenohl Gustav Heinrich Ernst Friedrich von Ingenohl ( 30 June 1857 Neuwied – 19 December 1933 Berlin ) was a German admiral from Neuwied best known for his command of the German High Seas Fleet at the beginning of World War I . His intention of engaging the British Royal Navy in a quick , decisive battle was not supported by the German admiralty . Ingenohl repeatedly sought small engagements against the British fleet in order to provoke imprudent counterstrokes , in order to gain a crucial advantage for the German navy . The intended result did not materialize ; in the first combat of this kind on August 28 , 1914 at the Battle of Heligoland Bight , the German Imperial Navy ( " Kaiserliche Marine " ) lost three light cruisers and a torpedo boat to Royal Navy ships . After a similarly unsuccessful action on the Dogger Bank on January 24 , 1915 , Ingenohl yielded command of the High Seas Fleet on February 2 and was succeeded by Admiral Hugo von Pohl . Ingenohl died in Berlin .