naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2nd Tatsinskaya Guards Tank Corps The 2nd Tatsinskaya Guards Tank Corps was a Red Army armoured formation that saw service during World War II on the Eastern Front . After the war it continued to serve with Soviet occupation forces in Central Europe . It was originally the 24th Tank Corps . The unit had approximately the same size and combat power as a Wehrmacht Panzer Division , and less than a British Armoured Division had during World War II . Formation . The first of the Guards Tank Corps were formed when 26th Tank Corps was renamed 1st Guards Tank Corps in December 1942 . ( http : / / stalingrad . ic . ru / s26tcorp . html ) 24th Tank Corps . 24th Tank Corps was formed in 1942 during the re - establishment of the tank corps as a formation in the Red Army . It was equipped with a mix of T - 34 medium , T - 60 light , KV - 1 heavy , and U . S . Lend Lease M3 Stuart light tanks . It was assigned to 6th Army , and participated in the Stalingrad Defensive Operation on the Don River during July 1942 , where it lost almost two - thirds of the tanks . Its 24th Motorized Brigade conducted offensive operations along the Don together with 25th Guards Rifle Division . Following re - building , it was assigned to 3rd Guards Army which was under the command of General Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko to participate in the encirclement of German Army Group A in Operation Saturn , which was undertaken during the Battle of Stalingrad . The 24th Tank Corps consisted of the following units : Combat Units Support Units The Corps undertook the famous raid on Tatsinskaya during Operation Little Saturn . In honour of the successful raid , where a large number of Axis aircraft was destroyed on ground , it was renamed 2nd Guards Tank Corps , and given the honorific ' Tatsinskaya ' . 2nd Guards Tank Corps . 2nd Guards Tank Corps was initially based on the same units as 24th Tank Corps . The individual combat units were also renamed and renumbered as Guards units . With changing organization and equipment during the war , additional units were added . Depending on the specific tasks allotted to the Corps , units from the STAVKA Reserve could be added to help it achieve its mission . At the Battle of Kursk , the following OOB applied : < br > Main Combat Units ( totalling 187 tanks at Prokohorovka ) : Support Units ( unconfirmed )
Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1 Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1 ( Air Defence Missile Wing 1 ) or ( " FlaRakG 1 " ) " Schleswig - Holstein " is a unit of the German Air Force based in Stadum and Husum , Northern Germany . The wing is equipped with the Patriot air defense missile system . History . The unit was established in 1959 as Air Defense Regiment 3 in Essen and was equipped with Bofors 40 mm guns . The same year the unit transferred to Bocholt . In 1960 , the unit transferred to Osnabrück . In 1965 the MIM - 23 Hawk air defense missile system was introduced and the unit was renamed Air Defense Missile Regiment 3 " Krummenort " and moved to near Rendsburg . In 1967 , the unit ransferred to Heide . It was renamed Air Defence Missile Command 1 in 1989 and in 1993 reclassified as an air missile wing . Beginning in 1994 , the wing moved to its present locations . The HAWK weapons system was deactivated in 2001 . On 1 January 2011 , Air Defence Missile Wing 1 took formal responsibility of the short - range protection system MANTIS . To operate this weapons system , the air force called into service an additional anti - aircraft group at Husum on 1 April 2011 . Air Defence Missile Wing 1 was given the honorary name " Schleswig - Holstein " in 1989 and is currently part of the Air Forces ' s 4th Air Division . Tasks . Air Defence Missile Wing 1 utilises the Patriot air defense missile weapon system to engage in anti - aircraft warfare against aircraft and ballistic missile s . Structure . Air Defence Missile Wing 1 consists of four groups :
Military exclusion zone A military exclusion zone ( MEZ ) is an area in the immediate vicinity of a military action established by a country to prevent the unauthorized entry of civilian personnel / equipment for their own safety or to protect natural assets already in place in the zone . It is also established to prevent an enemy from acquiring any material which could help them . The comparable term used by the air forces is that of No - fly zone .
HMS Sylvia ( 1897 ) HMS " Sylvia " was a Doxford three funnel - 30 knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1896 – 1897 Naval Estimates . She was the sixth ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1806 for a cutter sold in 1816 . Construction . She was laid down on 13 July 1896 at the William Doxford and Sons shipyard at Pallion , Sunderland and launched on 3 July 1897 . During her builder ’ s trials she made her contracted speed requirement . She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in January 1899 . Pre - War . After commissioning she was assigned to the Devonport Flotilla and spent her entire career in Home Waters . On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter ' A ' . Since her design speed was 30 - knots and she had three funnels she was assigned to the C Class . After 30 September 1913 , she was known as an C Class destroyer and had the letter ‘ C ’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel . World War I . August 1914 found her in active commission in the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport . In September the 7th Flotilla was redeployed to the Humber River tendered to HMS " Leander " . She remained in this deployment for the duration of the First World War . Her duties included anti - submarine and counter mining patrols . Disposition . In 1919 she was paid off and laid - up in reserve awaiting disposal . HMS " Sylvia " was sold on 23 July 1919 to Thomas W . Ward of Sheffield for breaking at New Holland , Lincolnshire on the Humber Estuary . She was not awarded a Battle Honour for her service . References . NOTE : All tabular data under General Characteristics only from the listed Jane ' s Fighting Ships volume unless otherwise specified
Iacopo IV Appiani Iacopo IV Appiani ( 1459 – April 10 , 1510 ) was an Italian condottiero and lord of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty in the Renaissance . He was born in Piombino , the son of Iacopo III Appiani , of whom he continued the traditional alliance with the Aragonese court of Naples . He was captain of the Neapolitan Army ( 1479 – 1483 ) , of the Este army ( 1483 – 1485 ) and of the army of the Republics of Siena ( 1495 – 1498 ) and Florence ( 1498 – 1501 ) . Later he served the king of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon . In 1501 his territories in southern Tuscany were occupied by Cesare Borgia , but Iacopo could return in 1503 after the death of Borgia ' s power protector and father , Pope Alexander VI . In this period he received Leonardo da Vinci in his court . In 1509 he was made Prince of the Holy Roman Empire . He died at Piombino in 1510 . < br >
Hermann Begemann Hermann Begemann ( 23 February 1896 – 4 July 1965 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hermann Begemann was captured by Soviet troops after the Battle of Stalingrad , he was held until 1948 .
Battle of Mendigorría The Battle of Mendigorría Grand was a battle of the First Carlist War . It occurred on July 16 , 1835 south of Mendigorría , Navarre . The Carlists were commanded by Vicente González Moreno , who assumed this post after the death of Zumalacárregui at the Siege of Bilbao . The Carlist pretender Don Carlos was also at Mendigorría . When the Liberals attacked , the Carlists found themselves in a difficult strategic position : they had the Arga River behind them and only one way across , the Bridge of Larraga . The Liberal left flank was led by Baldomero Espartero , the central flank by Luis Fernández de Córdova . The Carlist fiercely defended themselves but were forced to retreat . Don Carlos was able to escape thanks to the efforts of the defense of the Larraga bridge by the Carlist brigadier Bruno Villareal . The battle was a Liberal victory , though the Liberals did not press forward and take advantage of the situation .
15th Infantry Division Bergamo The 15th Infantry Division Bergamo was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Bergamo " division was part of the Italian V Corps that took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia . After the invasion it was stationed in Dalmatia . After the Italian surrender in September 1943 , it resisted the German forces but was defeated and members of the division were executed by order of the German XV Mountain Corps , others evaded capture and joined the Yugoslav Partisans . Operation Alba . The " Bergamo " Division took part in Operation Alba which was an anti Partisan operations in Croatia carried out on the 12 August to he 2 September 1942 , to destroy partisan groups in the Biokovo area 40 to 50 kilometres east of Split . Italian forces burned down 10 villages and killed and arrested several hundred people . XV Mountain Corps war diary . Daily Report from Commander in Chief Southeast ( Army Group F ) Commander . General Pietro Belletti
Finn Varde Jespersen Finn Varde Jespersen ( 4 April 1914 – 6 June 1944 ) was among Norway ' s leading orienteers in the late 1930s . During World War II he was a pilot with the rank of Lieutenant ; he perished during the invasion of Normandy . Orienteering career . He was born in Kristiania . His parents were Per Mathias Jespersen and Anna Jespersen née Johnsen , both from Skien . In the 1930s he was an active sportsman competing in orienteering for the club IL Heming . He represented the Norwegian national team in the third Scandinavian cup in September 1939 , where only Sweden and Norway participated because of travel restrictions for the Finnish athletes due to the recent outbreak of war , and Jespersen placed third in the individual contest . In the 1940 season he won a contest in Finland ahead of the Finnish orienteers Börje Malmström , Jan Gripenberg and Birger Lönnberg . This result has been described as the first noted Norwegian orienteering victory in Finland . World War II . Jespersen participated in the fighting during the German invasion of Norway in 1940 . He then travelled the long journey via Finland , Russia , Japan , crossing the Pacific Ocean and finally reaching the American continent . He received his pilot training at the Little Norway training camp in Toronto , Canada . Fellow orienteer Per Bergsland from IL Heming was also trained as a pilot in Toronto . Jespersen served as an instructor at the training school , and later as a pilot flying transport planes . After having been trained on combat aircraft he joined RAF Bomber Command . Jespersen ' s Lancaster of 97 Squadron was shot down over Cherbourg the night between 5 and 6 June 1944 . Jespersen ' s military rank was Lieutenant . He was awarded " Haakon VIIs 70th Anniversary Medal " post mortem . His diaries from 1940 , edited by and with comments by John Berg , were published in 1983 as " 9 . april kommer jeg aldri til å glemme . . . " .
Acceptable loss An acceptable loss , also known as acceptable damage , is a military euphemism used to indicate casualties or destruction inflicted by an enemy that is considered minor or tolerable . In combat situations leaders have to often choose between options where no one solution is perfect and all choices will lead to casualties or other costs to their unit . A small scale practical example might be when the advancement of troops is halted by a minefield . In many military operations the speed of advancement is more important than the safety of soldiers . Thus the minefield must be " breached " even if this means some casualties . On a larger strategic level , there is a limit to how many casualties nation ' s military or the public are willing to withstand when they go to war . For example , there is an ongoing debate on how the conceptions of acceptable losses affect how The United States conducts its military operations . The concept of acceptable losses has also been adopted to business use , meaning taking necessary risks and the general costs of doing business , also covered with terms such as " waste " or " shrinkage " . The euphemism is related to the concept of " acceptable risk " , which is used in many areas such as medicine and politics , to describe a situation where the a course of action is taken because the expected benefits outweigh the potential hazards .
Theodor Hoffmann ( admiral ) Theodor Hoffmann ( * February 27 , 1935 in Gustävel , Mecklenburg , Germany ) was an East German Admiral who served as the head of the People ' s Navy ( Volksmarine ) and as the last Minister of National Defense of the German Democratic Republic and head of the National People ' s Army . Early life . Hoffmann worked from 1949 to 1951 in agriculture . From 1951 to 1952 , Hoffmann was a Pioneer Leader in the Wismar District Free German Youth ( FDJ ) . Military career . In 1952 he became a sailor in the Sea Police ( Seepolizei ) . which would later become the East German People ' s Navy ( Volksmarine ) . He attended the Officers School of the People ' s Police at Stralsund and joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in 1956 . Until 1959 he commanded a fast torpedo boat . From 1960 to 1963 he attended the Soviet Naval War Academy in Leningrad earning a diploma in military science . Subsequently , he held various senior positions in the 6th Fleet of the People ' s Navy . From 1971 to 1974 he was chief of the 6th Fleet with the rank of Frigate Captain . He later became deputy chief of staff for operational work in the People ' s Navy command . In 1985 he was appointed Deputy Chief of the People ' s Navy and Chief of Staff . In 1987 was appointed chief of the People ' s Navy ( who is also Deputy Minister of National Defense ) in the rank of Vice Admiral ( two stars ) . He was promoted to Admiral ( three stars ) and replaced Heinz Kessler as the Minister of National Defense and head of the National People ' s Army , serving from 18 November 1989 to April 23 , 1990 . After being selected as the new Minister for National Defense , Hoffmann was told by the outgoing Defense Minister , Army General Heinz Keßler that he was to be promoted to Generaloberst ( Colonel - General ) in the Army . Hoffmann refused to switch services and obtained approval from Egon Krenz , Erich Honecker ’ s successor , to remain an Admiral in the People ' s Navy . During the transitional period before the unification of Germany he served April 1990 to his retirement on September 24 , 1990 , as head of the National People ' s Army under , Rainer Eppelmann , the newly established Minister for Disarmament and Defense In 1993 Hoffmann published his reminiscences of last days of the National People ' s Army , " Das letzte Kommando ; Ein Minister erinnert sich " . In 1995 he published his autobiography " Kommando Ostsee ; Vom Matrosen zum Admiral " . He was awarded many East German orders and medals of including the Fatherland Merit Order in Bronze and the Scharnhorst Order . Family . Hoffmann married Helga Qualo in October 1957 . They had two sons Norbert born in 1958 and Rene born in 1965 .
USS Taylor ( FFG - 50 ) USS " Taylor " ( FFG - 50 ) , an , is a ship of the United States Navy named for Commander Jesse J . Taylor ( 1925 – 1965 ) , a naval aviator who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his heroism in the Vietnam War . " Taylor " ' s keel was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp . , Bath , Maine , on May 5 , 1983 . She was launched November 5 , 1983 , and commissioned December 1 , 1984 in Bath Maine . TAYLOR was homeported in Charleston , SC from 1985 - 1993 . The ship deployed to Northern Europe as part of the Standing Naval Forces , Atlantic ( STANAVFORLANT ) in 1987 and the Persian Gulf in 1988 and 1990 . Participated in Operation Earnest Will . In 1993 , the TAYLOR changed homeport to Mayport , FL with the closing of Charleston Naval Station . As of 2005 , " Taylor " is homeported at NS Mayport , Florida , and is part of Destroyer Squadron 14 . In August 2008 " Taylor " entered the Black Sea conducting a pre - planned routine visit to the Black Sea region to interact and exercise with NATO partners Romania and Bulgaria . It joined ships from Poland , Germany and Spain . In December 2009 , TAYLOR celebrated 25 years in Commission . In September 2010 , " Taylor " was buzzed by a Russian Tu - 95 bomber . However , as of 2004 , all significant anti - aircraft capability was deleted from this class .
Grahame - White Type XI The Grahame - White Type XI ( also known as the " Naval and Military Biplane " ) was an early aircraft built in the United Kingdom and marketed as being particularly well - suited to military applications . It was a two - bay biplane of pod - and - boom configuration with unstaggered wings of slightly unequal span . The pilot and an observer sat in tandem , open cockpits in a streamlined nacelle , with the engine mounted pusher - fashion behind them . Unusually for an aircraft of this period , the propeller was not driven directly by the engine , but rather , via a sprocket and chain system that geared it down in the ratio of 14 / 23 . The undercarriage was of the fixed , tailskid type but was designed to be easily exchanged for pontoons . Construction throughout was fabric - covered wood , with the exception of a neat aluminium cowling for the engine and transmission . A sample was exhibited at the Olympia Aero Show in 1914 .
HMS G11 HMS " G11 " was a G - class submarine of the Royal Navy in service during the First World War . One of six of her class built by Vickers at Barrow in Furness , she was launched on 22 February 1916 , and commissioned on 13 May 1916 . War service . Like the rest of her class , " G11 " s role was to patrol an area of the North Sea in search of German U - boats . Loss . On 22 November 1918 , whilst under the temporary command of Lieutenant Commander George Fagan Bradshaw , DSO , " G11 " was returning to her base at Blyth , Northumberland , from Dogger Bank patrol following the Armistice . Sailing through dense fog , she overshot Blyth and ran aground on rocks below cliffs near Howick , some to the north . The boat ' s log had been disabled earlier and Bradshaw , unfamiliar with the larger " G " class boats , underestimated her speed in the inclement weather , with the result that the boat had travelled substantially further than he had reckoned . The impact tore the keel off and the boat was abandoned , two of her crew drowning during the evacuation . The body of Telegraphist George Philip Back was recovered and buried in the churchyard of St Peter & St Paul , Longhoughton ; the body of Stoker Pliny Foster was never found . " G11 " s regular captain Lieutenant Richard Douglas Sandford VC had not sailed on her last mission , having succumbed to typhoid fever . He died at Eston hospital the day after learning his ship had been lost . Remains of " G11 " can still be seen at low tide . NB : The Royal Navy Submarine Museum , Gosport , erroneously lists the location of " G11 " s wrecking as Harwich , Suffolk , over away . References .
Siege of Maastricht The Siege of Maastricht was one of the key elements in King Louis XIV ' s plans to attack the Netherlands , in order to revenge the humiliating conditions enforced on him by the Triple Alliance when he tried to fully conquer the Spanish Netherlands . After making a feint for Ghent and Brussels , Louis marched his army past Maastricht , a condominium of the United Provinces and the Bishopric of Liège , in May 1672 , not bothering to take the fortress . In 1673 , when his supply lines became threatened he decided to capture the city ; the siege began on June 11 . Maastricht would be the first major city to be attacked by Sebastien Vauban , the master of siegecraft in his time . In addition to firing upon the city walls with cannon , Vauban ordered the building of trenches , in a zigzag pattern , parallel to the walls . These trenches made it more difficult for the defenders from having a clear shot at the attackers and , in addition , allowed for the protection of military miners to allow them to reach the base of the fortifications and plant mines to make a breach . June 24 was the feast day of Saint John the Baptist , and so Louis attempted to finish conquering the city in time to celebrate Mass in Maastricht ' s cathedral . The trenches were completed , and so the King ' s Regiment , and the Company of the Grey Musketeers led the march into the city , under the command of Captain - Lieutenant Charles de Batz de Castelmore , also known as Comte d ' Artagnan . The French , after some difficult fighting , crossed the moat and seized a crescent - shaped fortification which would become the scene of the toughest fighting of the siege . Most of the French were driven out by the Spanish auxiliaries soon afterwards , but about 30 men held out the entire night . James Scott , Duke of Monmouth , tried to take a covered road protecting the moat , and withdrew after suffering the loss of 300 men . The Dutch recaptured the crescent fortification soon afterwards , and when the Duke of Monmouth rallied his troops to a second assault , they were driven back once more , and Comte d ' Artagnan was killed . Finally , Louis ordered the artillery back into action , eliciting a surrender from the Dutch within a week . When the Treaty of Nijmegen ended the war between France and the Dutch , Maastricht was returned to the Dutch , though Louis kept a number of Habsburg cities . What is generally regarded as more significant about this battle were the revolutionary advances in siegecraft engineered by Vauban . Notable death . D ' Artagnan , captain of the Musketeers of the Guard , died at the siege of Maastricht . An embellished account of the event concludes the third and final of the d ' Artagnan Romances by Alexandre Dumas : " " .
HMCS Messines HMCS " Messines " was one of twelve Battle class naval trawlers used by the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) . Named after the Battle of Messines , she was built by Polson Iron Works , in Toronto , Ontario . Commissioned on 13 November 1917 , she was handed over to the Department of Marine and Fisheries following her 1920 decommissioning . Converted to a lightship , like sister ships , , and , " Messines " was designated Lightship No . 3 , and was ultimately scrapped in 1962 .
Skoda 105 mm Model 1939 The Skoda 105 mm Model 1939 ( 105 mm M . 39 ) was a mountain gun , manufactured by Skoda Works as a companion piece for the 75 mm M . 39 . This was a revised version of the 100 mm M . 16 and 100 mm M . 16 / 19 . Like them it was broken down into three loads , each towed by a pair of horses , for transport .
Gadsar Nahal Gadsar Nahal ( Special Forces Reconnaissance Battalion " Nahal " ) is currently the designated Sayeret unit for the most violent parts of the West Bank . Their areas of operation include Jenin , Tulkarem and Nablus . Palsar Nahal is considered one of the best Sayeret units due to its manpower , which is drawn primarily from Israeli Kibbutzniks , Moshavnik s and foreign volunteers . The Demolitions and Reconnaissance " plugot " ( platoons ) within the battalion are especially decorated for their role in the Second Intifada . The Unit has 14 month training period which includes 6 months of basic and advanced training .