naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Japan Japan is a country comprised of an archipelago of 6 , 852 islands . Currently the Japan Self Defense Force is the military of Japan . Feudal Japan witnessed many wars and clashes between various clans to unify Japan . The Samurai became an elite warrior class under Daimyo , who led the clan . Much of the rest of the armies were conscripted from the peasants . In 1185 the Minamato Clan united Japan under the Kamakura shogunate . In 1274 and 1281 Japan was invaded by the Mongols but storms forced the invaders to withdraw . However by th 1400 ' s Japan was divide into various clans fighting for control of Japan . In the 1600s the Tokugawa shogunate came to power and ruled a united Japan in sef - imposed isolation until the 1850s when American ' s and European ' s opened up Japan to the world . This led to the Meiji restoration with the fall of the Shogunate and the restoration of the empire . Japan rapidly industrialized and developed a modern army . With modernization the Samurai lost their place in Japan . Modern Japan . Japan fought the first Sino - Japanese War against Qing China from 1894 - 95 . Japan gained Taiwan and Korea was taken out of China ' s sphere of influence and into Japan ' s . However there was still resistance in Taiwan so a Japanese military campaign was begun to subdue Taiwan . This was accomplished in October 1895 .
List of command and control abbreviations In military usage , a number of abbreviations in the format C followed by additional letters are used , based on expanded versions of the abbreviation C - command and control . These terms can be used to refer to infrastructure , a role of military unit s or individuals , or procedures employed . " Command and control " refers to the ability of military commanders to direct forces . The addition of " communications " to the grouping reflects the fact that communications is required to enable this coordination , and that it compellingly also begins with the letters " co " . In modern warfare , computers have become a key component as cyberspace is now seen as the " fifth dimension of warfare " . The common variations of this acronym are :
Kosmos 2434 Kosmos 2434 ( meaning " Cosmos 2434 " ) is one of a set of three Russia n military satellites launched in 2007 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system . It was launched with Kosmos 2435 and Kosmos 2436 . This satellite is a GLONASS - M satellite , also known as Uragan - M , and is numbered Uragan - M No . 721 . Kosmos 2434 / 5 / 6 were launched from Site 81 / 24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - M carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 19 : 32 UTC on 25 December 2007 . The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2007 - 065A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 32393 . It is currently part of the GLONASS constellation in the first orbital plane , orbital slot 13 . It started operation on 8 February 2008 .
Fokker T . V The Fokker T . V was a twin - engine bomber , described as an " aerial cruiser " , built by Fokker for the Netherlands Air Force . It was modern for its time , but by the German invasion of 1940 , it was outclassed by the airplanes of the " Luftwaffe " . Nevertheless , the T . V was used with some success against the German onslaught . Development and design . In the early 1930s , the " Luchtvaartafdeling " ( i . e . the Netherlands Army Air Force ) became interested in the " luchtkruiser " ( aerial cruiser ) concept multipurpose aircraft , which was have a primary role of intercepting and destroying enemy bomber formations , with a secondary role as a long range bomber , with Colonel P . W . Best , commander of the " Luchtvaartafdeling " stating on 28 March 1935 that aircraft of the " luchtkruiser " should be purchased in as large numbers as possible , proposing to cancel procurement of the Fokker D . XXI fighter to release funds . To meet this requirement , Fokker developed the T . V , a five - seat , twin - engined monoplane . It featured a wooden wing , while the slab - sided fuselage was of mixed construction , with a wooden monocoque centre fuselage , a fabric covered steel tube rear fuselage and a duralumin forward fuselage . While this construction method was typical for Fokker aircraft , it was obsolete compared with contemporary aircraft of its size , which were normally of all - metal construction . It was fitted with a 20 mm autocannon in the nose to meet the bomber destroyer part of the requirement , and four defensive Browning machine guns , one each in dorsal , ventral and tail positions , with one capable of being switched between two waist positions . It had a bomb - bay under the centre fuselage capable of carrying up to 1 , 000 kg ( 2 , 200 lb ) of bombs . A contract was signed for 16 T . Vs on 7 December 1936 , with the first aircraft ( not a prototype as such ) flying on 16 October 1937 from Schiphol airfield . Operational history . The first 11 T . Vs , by now considered medium bombers , were delivered in 1938 , with the last 4 following in 1939 . Although it had good handling characteristics , its suffered from reliability problems with its engines and propellers , and by the summer of 1939 , the Netherlands was planning to purchase 24 Dornier Do 215 s to replace them . On 10 May 1940 , Germany invaded the Netherlands , Belgium and Luxembourg . The T . V saw its first combat , when taking off from Schiphol to avoid air attack , eight T . Vs encountered a formation of German bombers , shooting down two . After this , the T . V reverted to its primary bomber role , being used in attacks against German airborne troops landing at The Hague and Rotterdam . By the end of the first day of fighting only two T . Vs were servicible , being sent against bridges over the River Maas at Rotterdam on 11 May , where a further aircraft was shot down , with the final T . V being shot down during attacks on bridges at Moerdijk on 13 May . As the T . V lacked self - sealing fuel tanks , they gained a reputation for rapidly catching fire when hit by enemy fire .
Henry Innes - Ker , 8th Duke of Roxburghe Henry John Innes - Ker , 8th Duke of Roxburghe , KT , MVO ( 24 July 1876 – 29 September 1932 ) was a Scottish peer and courtier . He was the son of James Henry Robert Innes - Ker , 7th Duke of Roxburghe and Anne Emily Spencer - Churchill . His first cousin was Winston Churchill . He married Mary Goelet , daughter of the New York real - estate millionaire Ogden Goelet , on 10 November 1903 , and had one child , George Victor Robert John Innes - Ker , 9th Duke of Roxburghe . His sister - in - law was the actress Jose Collins . He succeeded as Duke of Roxburghe in 1892 , and started his military career as a Lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards . In 1900 he served with the Household Cavalry composite regiment in South Africa during the Second Boer War . In March 1901 he was appointed an Aide - de - camp to the Duke of Cornwall and York during his colonial tour March – October 1901 . He later served in World War I , and was severely wounded . He was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in February 1901 . He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1902 , and served as Chancellor of the Order of the Thistle from 1926 until his death . He was Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire from 1918 until his death . He was appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Company of Archers in 1930 .
Muhammad I Abu ' l - Abbas Muhammad I Abu ' l - Abbas ( died 856 ) was the fifth emir of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya ( ruled 841 – 856 ) . Muhammad I was the son of the fourth emir , Abu Iqal ( 838 – 841 ) . Under him the Aghlabids continued their expansion into the Mediterranean , conquering Taranto and Bari ( 841 ) in Apulia and Messina in Sicily ( 843 ) . In 846 an Aghlabid force seized Rome and plundered the Vatican , though they were not able to hold onto Rome and Taranto and Bari soon detached themselves from the Aghlabids and submitted to the Abbasids in Baghdad . In Ifriqiya agriculture and trade flourished and there was new urban construction , notably of the great mosques of Sousse und Sfax . Muhammad ' s reign was briefly interrupted by the usurpation of his brother Abu Ja ' far Ahmad , who like his Abbasid contemporary Al - Wathiq supported the Mu ' tazili and persecuted their Sunni opponents , executing some and imprisoning others , like the Maliki jurist Sahnun ; when Muhammad I regained the throne in 847 , he sent his brother into exile and rehabilitated the Sunnis , making Sahnun chief qadi of Ifriqiya . Muhammad I was succeeded by his son Ahmad ibn Muhammad ( 856 – 863 ) .
Senate of Bermuda The Senate is one of two parts of the Parliament of Bermuda , the other being the House of Assembly . Both are overseen by the Governor . The Senate is the Upper House of the Parliament , and serves as a House of Review . The Senate consists of eleven members appointed by the Governor . Five Senators are appointed on the advice of the Premier . Three Senators are appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Assembly . The final three Senators are appointed at the discretion of the Governor . The Senate serves as a road - block to constitutional changes , the constitution requires a 2 / 3 Super - Majority . Thus , in order for an amendment to pass , it needs the support of the Government and the Opposition / Appointees Of the three appointed by the Governor , the Senate elects one to serve as the President , and another to serve as the Deputy President . Bermuda ' s Parliament was created in 1620 , and originally had one house , the House of Assembly . Political parties were not legal , and the role now performed by the Senate was originally performed by an appointed council , called the Governor ' s Council , or the Privy Council . This council also performed the role that today belongs to the Cabinet ( the Cabinet is composed of Ministers appointed from elected Members of Parliament from the House of Assembly ) . Historically , the Council , composed of members of Bermuda ' s wealthy merchant class , had been the true centre of power , rather than the elected House of Assembly , or the Governor despatched from overseas . During periods when the colony was without a Governor , the President of the Council might find himself Acting Governor , also . The balance of power began to shift away from the Council in the 19th Century , when Bermuda assumed a new importance in Imperial security , and when the Governor became also the Commander - in - Chief of the naval establishment and military garrison . In 1888 , the Privy Council was split into an Executive Council , which later became the Cabinet , and a Legislative Council , which became the upper house of Parliament , akin to the House of Lords , in the United Kingdom , although its members were appointed , rather than being hereditary peers . In 1968 , largely as a result of the civil rights movement , a new Constitution was introduced which made a number of changes to Bermuda ' s parliamentary system , making it more like the Westminster system . Political parties were legalised , and the system of a majority Government , from which a Premier was appointed and the Cabinet Ministers were drawn , and a minority opposition was adopted . Under the 1968 Constitution , the Legislative Council was replaced by the Senate . The system of suffrage , by which the members of the lower house was elected , and which had historically been limited to male landowners , was finally extended to all adults , as it had been in Britain forty years earlier .
Anshan Teng ' ao Airport Anshan Teng ' ao Airport is an airport serving the city of Anshan in Liaoning Province , Northeast China . It is located in the town of Teng ' ao , 11 . 8 kilometers southwest of the city center . The airport also serves as the Anshan Air Base , a People ' s Liberation Army Air Force ( PLA - AF ) installation in the PLA ' s Shenyang Military Region . It is the headquarters of the 1st Fighter Division which operates Chengdu J - 7 , Shenyang J - 8 and Shenyang J - 11 fighters . Commercial flights began in 1987 , ceased in 2002 , and resumed in April 2011 with a single route to Beijing .
Dohazari Airfield Dohazari Airfield is a former wartime United States Army Air Forces airfield near Dohazari in Bangladesh used during the Burma Campaign 1944 - 1945 . It is now abandoned . History . Dohazari was used by the USAAF Tenth Air Force 1st Combat Cargo Group as a supply point for aerial resupply drops over Burma between 30 January and 15 May 1945 . The groups 2d and 4th Combat Cargo Squadron remained at the airfield flying C - 46 Commando aircraft until 31 October when the base was closed after the war . After the war the airfield was abandoned and today is part of an agricultural area .
Atlantic Basin Iron Works The Atlantic Basin Iron Works was a ship repair and conversion facility that operated in Brooklyn , New York , from the late 19th to the mid - 20th century . It converted numerous ships to military use in World War II . Founded before 1910 , the yard had its headquarters at 18 - 20 Summit Street . By 1920 , the yard was known for its construction and repair of oil - fired boilers , diesel engines , and refrigeration units . In World War II the company specialized in ship conversion and repair , and like most US shipyards at the time , it was heavily contracted for work by the United States Army , United States Navy and United States Maritime Commission . In 1941 – 42 the company converted the 9 , 300 - ton passenger and cargo steamship " Rio Parana " into the British Royal Navy escort carrier . The company ' s owner , Bernard A . Moran , was strongly anti - union and had defied attempts by the CIO ' s Marine and Shipbuilding Workers Union to secure a contract with the company since November 1938 . His approach became problematic in the war after President Franklin D . Roosevelt ' s War Labor Board ordered Moran under its broad war powers to sign a union security ( maintenance - of - membership ) contract . In spite of warnings that he might lose all his government contracts or have his company seized , Moran remained intransigent , and after three months of legal wrangling , the government made good on its threat and seized the company in September 1943 , taking direct control of its management . In 1947 – 48 the shipyard converted the troopship USAT " Brazil " back into the Moore - McCormack Lines ocean liner . It was the largest peacetime conversion the yard had yet undertaken , and cost $ 9 million .
USS Niantic ( YTB - 781 ) USS " Niantic " ( YTB – 781 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Niantic , Connecticut . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Niantic " was awarded 31 January 1964 . She was laid down on 10 December 1964 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 7 September 1965 . Operational history . Placed in service in the 14th Naval District in June 1966 , " Niantic " was assigned to the 14th Naval District , headquartered at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii . Striken from the Navy List 26 April 2006 , " Niantic " was sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service ( DRMS ) for reuse or conversion , 11 February 2008 .
Blitz Week Blitz Week was a period of United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) aerial bombardment during the Combined Bomber Offensive of World War II . Air raids were conducted on six of seven days as part of Operation Gomorrah , against targets such as the chemical plant at Herøya , Norway , which produced nitrates for explosives ; and the AGO Flugzeugwerke A . G . plant ( an Operation Pointblank target ) at Oschersleben , Germany that assembled Focke - Wulf 190 s . The Kassel mission on the 28th was the first use of P - 47 Thunderbolt auxiliary fuel tanks .
Archibald Vincent Arnold Career . Arnold was the second in command of the 7th Infantry Division during the Battle of the Aleutian Islands . Arnold continued serving as second - in - command of the 7th until 1944 . Arnold was the Commanding Officer of the 7th during the Philippines Campaign and the Battle of Okinawa . He received the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his World War II service . After the war he was made the military governor of Korea . He served as principal American delegate to the US - USSR Joint Committee that convened in Seoul , Korea , in January 1946 , and then to the U . S . - USSR Joint Commission that followed in April 1946 . The primary task of the Joint Commission was to reunite North and South Korea after it was divided by the State War Navy Coordinating Committee ( SWNCC ) in 1945 . He retired from the Army in 1948 . Personal life . Arnold was married to his wife , Margaret Treat Arnold .
Dubhaltach Caoch Mac Coisdealbhaigh Colonel Dubhaltach Caoch Mac Coisdealbhaigh , Irish soldier and Rapparee , died Sunday 3 March 1667 . Life . Mac Coisdealbhaigh was a member of the Costello family of Connacht . His brother was the soldier and poet , Tomás Láidir Mac Coisdealbhaigh . Dudley ( or Dubhaltach ) Costello was an officer in the army of the Confederate Catholics in 1642 , and later became a colonel in the Spanish army . Returning to Ireland after the Restoration and disappointed by his failure to recover the family estates , he devoted the rest of his life to wreaking vengeance on the new Dillon proprietors . Proclaimed a tory and a rebel in the summer of 1666 , Mac Coisdealbhaigh " carried out a vendetta of raids and burnings against Viscount Dillon in the baronies of Costello and Gallen , in east Mayo , until he was shot dead by the soldiers of Captain Theobald Dillon in Coolcarney . . . Bunnyconnellan , early in March 1667 . " ( p . 236 ) . He is featured in Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh ' s Leabhar na nGenealach at 827 . 2 , as " Dubhaltach Caoch " , and in his " Cuimre " ( 1416 . 1 ) as " Dubhaltach Colonel , mac Suirtain Buidhe Mec Goisdelbh " . Clann Coisdealbhaigh ( after Mac Fhirbhisigh ) . Jocelyn de Angulo , fl . 1172 .
Semovente 75 / 46 The Semovente 75 / 46 was an Italian self - propelled gun used during World War II . It was built by mounting a 75 mm L46 gun on the chassis of a M15 / 42 tank . After the armistice , control of the Ansaldo factories fell under German control . The Germans ordered the production of a modified version of the M 42L and a 75 / 46 was the gun of choice . The resulting vehicle was named the M 42T da 75 / 46 ( the T signified Tedesco or German ) . Only a limited number were produced and these were used exclusively by the Germans . Only about 15 were ever made .
47 - foot Motor Lifeboat The 47 - foot MLB is the standard lifeboat of the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) . The 47 ′ MLB is the successor to the 44 ′ MLB . The 47 ' MLB is designed to weather hurricane force winds and heavy seas , capable of surviving winds up to , breaking surf up to 6 m and impacts up to three G ' s . If the boat should capsize , it self - rights in less than ten seconds with all equipment fully functional . The boat ' s hull and superstructure are constructed entirely from 5456 marine grade aluminum . Designed with a hard chined deep " V " planing hull , the 47 ' MLB exceeds its displacement speed . The frame is composed of 17 vertical bulkhead frames , each of which is welded to the deck and hull , and five of which are watertight . Employing fly - by - wire control systems , the boat can be operated from four different locations : two from the enclosed bridge , and two amidships from an open bridge . Situated less than from the water line are recessed retrieval wells , allowing for easier recovery of persons and jetsam , and easier boardings . A watertight survivor ' s compartment is equipped for comprehensive first aid . It is situated at the combined center of rotation of the ship .
HMS Pembroke ( 1710 ) HMS " Pembroke " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Plymouth Dockyard to the 1706 Establishment , and launched on 18 May 1710 . " Pembroke " served until 1726 , when she was broken up .
Nicolae Tătăranu Nicolae Tătăranu ( 3 October 1890 , Măicăneşti , Vrancea County - 13 May 1953 , Bucharest ) was a Romania n Major General during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded by the Third Reich to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Nicolae Tătăranu served as military attaché in Paris from 1928 to 1931 as well as in Brussels ( 1929 – 1931 ) and Madrid ( 1930 – 1931 ) .
Beriev Be - 2 The Beriev Be - 2 ( originally designated KOR - 1 ) was a two - seat reconnaissance seaplane built for the Soviet Navy shortly before World War II . It was designed to replace the Navy ' s obsolete license - produced Heinkel He 55 aircraft operating from warships and shore bases . Design and development . The Be - 2 was an all - metal biplane floatplane , with two open cockpits in tandem for the pilot and observer . The wings were braced , but designed to be folded back for storage on a warship . The float arrangement consisted of a large central float , with two smaller floats on the wings . The Be - 2 was powered by a Shvetsov M - 25 radial 9 - cylinder air - cooled engine ( a copy of the American Wright R - 1820 ) with a rating of 700 hp . From the outset , Be - 2 design exhibited serious handling difficulties and maintenance problems . However , due to the lack of a suitable alternative , the design was placed into production . A total of around 300 aircraft were produced . Operational history . As problems with stability on the water while taxiing , and with maintenance of the engine were never really resolved , that in practice , the Be - 2 was restricted to training and secondary roles , and was more often deployed from land than from warships as originally planned . In addition , delays with updating the Navy ' s cruiser s meant that suitable catapults were not installed until about 1939 . With the outbreak of war with Germany , all attempts to deploy the troublesome aircraft from ships were finally abandoned . During the early years of the war , they served as shore - based reconnaissance and search / rescue aircraft on the Baltic , and with their float undercarriage replaced by wheels , some were pressed into service as strike aircraft during the Battle of Sevastopol . They were withdrawn from service in 1942 .
Sarancha - class missile boat The Sarancha class is the NATO reporting name for a hydrofoil missile boat built for the Soviet Navy . The Soviet designation was " Project 1240 Uragan " ( Серия 1240 Ураган - Hurricane ) . Design . The boat was a very complex design . Unlike previous Soviet hydrofoil boats the Project 1240 had fully submerged foils with propellers mounted on the after set of foils . The boat achieved a speed of and had a heavy armament . It was deemed too large , complex and expensive for series production and only a prototype boat was built . Missile boat MRK - 5 . The MRK - 5 ( МРК - 5 ) was laid down at the Petrovski plant in Leningrad in 1973 and was on trials until 1977 . In 1979 She was the transferred to the Black Sea Fleet via Russian inland waterways . She was based in Sevastopol until 1990 when she was decommissioned . In 1992 she was damaged by fire and sunk in shallow water . The wreck was raised and scrapped . References . Bibliography . Also published as