naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles Jarvis ( VC ) Charles Alfred Jarvis VC ( 29 March 1881 – 19 November 1948 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . In civilian life , Jarvis was a metalworker and a member of the Walthamstow Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers . He was 33 years old , and a lance - corporal in the 57th Field Company , Royal Engineers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC ( the first VC of the war ) . Only three weeks into the war on 23 August 1914 at Jemappes , Belgium , Lance - Corporal Jarvis worked for 1½ hours under heavy fire , in full view of the enemy and finally succeeded in firing charges for the demolition of a bridge . He was wounded in the process . In 1915 he returned to Britain and was presented with his medal at Buckingham Palace . He was later promoted to second corporal and corporal before being discharged from the Army in 1917 . He went on to work at the Naval Dockyard at Portsmouth .
Hans Ehrenbaum - Degele Hans Ehrenbaum - Degele ( July 24 , 1889 – July 28 , 1915 ) was a German writer . He was born in Berlin , Germany , as a son of a wealthy Jewish banker . He was a friend of Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau and was a musician and wrote over 100 various pieces . He fought on the Russian front during the First World War , and was killed in action at Narev , Russia , in 1915 .
Clifton Cantonment The Clifton Cantonment ( ) is a cantonment town of the city of Karachi , in Sindh , Pakistan . It serves as a military base and residential establishment . It was established by the British Indian Army in 19th century British India , and taken over by the Pakistan Army in 1947 . The cantonment maintains its own infrastructure of water supply , electricity and is outside the jurisdiction of City District Government of Karachi . " Cantonment Board Clifton " provides municipal services .
William Charlie Horton William Charlie Horton ( July 21 , 1876 – February 14 , 1969 ) was a United States Marine and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions during the Boxer Rebellion . Horton served in the American Chinese Relief Expedition during the Boxer Rebellion as a private in the U . S . Marine Corps . He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Peking , China . His Medal was issued on July 19 , 1901 . He is buried at Evergreen - Washelli Cemetery in Seattle , Washington . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , U . S . Marine Corps . Place and date : Peking , China , July 21 , to August 17 , 1900 . Entered service at : Pennsylvania . Born : July 21 , 1876 , Chicago , Ill . G . O . No . : 55 , July 19 , 1901 . Citation : In action against the enemy at Peking , China , July 21 , to August 17 , 1900 . Although under heavy fire from the enemy , Horton assisted in the erection of barricades .
Alexander Hay ( mayor ) Alexander Hay ( April 8 , 1806 – November 5 , 1882 ) , served as Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1842 to 1845 . Biography . Hay was born in the neighborhood known as Scotch Hill . By age eleven , he worked in a glass house and learned the trade of cabinetry . The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh was created during Mayor Hay ' s term . Also , navigation on the Monongahela River was opened as far south as Brownsville during his administration . Hay ' s life of public service continued after his term as mayor . He commanded the Jackson Blues during the Mexican War . During the Civil War , he was Captain of Company E . PA . Regiment . He served at the Battle of Yorktown . He and his son were the proprietors of a fine furniture business . Mayor Hay died in 1882 and is buried in the Allegheny Cemetery .
Elmer E . Fryar Elmer E . Fryar ( born c . 1915 died December 8 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Fryar joined the Army from his birth city of Denver , Colorado , and by December 8 , 1944 was serving as a private in Company E , 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment , 11th Airborne Division . On that day , in Leyte , the Philippines , he single - handedly held off an enemy platoon which was trying to flank his company . Later , while helping a wounded soldier to the rear , he saw an enemy sniper aiming at his platoon leader . Fryar jumped forward and blocked the sniper ' s fire with his body . Although mortally wounded , he managed to kill the sniper with a hand grenade before succumbing . For these actions , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor five months later , on May 9 , 1945 . Fryar ' s body was never recovered . He is listed on the Tablets of the Missing at Manila American Cemetery in Manila , the Philippines . Medal of Honor citation . Private Fryar ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Pvt . Fryar ' s battalion encountered the enemy strongly entrenched in a position supported by mortars and automatic weapon s . The battalion attacked , but in spite of repeated efforts was unable to take the position . Pvt . Fryar ' s company was ordered to cover the battalion ' s withdrawal to a more suitable point from which to attack , but the enemy launched a strong counterattack which threatened to cut off the company . Seeing an enemy platoon moving to outflank his company , he moved to higher ground and opened heavy and accurate fire . He was hit , and wounded , but continuing his attack he drove the enemy back with a loss of 27 killed . While withdrawing to overtake his squad , he found a seriously wounded comrade , helped him to the rear , and soon overtook his platoon leader , who was assisting another wounded . While these 4 were moving to rejoin their platoon , an enemy sniper appeared and aimed his weapon at the platoon leader . Pvt . Fryar instantly sprang forward , received the full burst of automatic fire in his own body and fell mortally wounded . With his remaining strength he threw a hand grenade and killed the sniper . Pvt . Fryar ' s indomitable fighting spirit and extraordinary gallantry above and beyond the call of duty contributed outstandingly to the success of the battalion ' s withdrawal and its subsequent attack and defeat of the enemy . His heroic action in unhesitatingly giving his own life for his comrade in arms exemplifies the highest tradition of the U . S . Armed Forces .
Robert Meißner Robert Meißner ( 23 December 1888 – 8 August 1953 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Ram ' s Head Device The Ram ' s Head Device or Military Mountaineer Badge is a military special skill badge of the U . S . Army National Guard . The Ram ' s Head Device is awarded to any soldier after completion of the U . S . Army Mountain Warfare School , based at the Ethan Allen Firing Range in Jericho , Vermont . The badge is authorized for wear on the uniform of Connecticut , Maine , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , and Vermont National Guard soldiers " - - these states have units that are aligned with the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ( Mountain ) - - " but is widely worn unofficially by other graduates of the Mountain Warfare School . History . The Ram ’ s Head Device , is derived from the 85th Infantry Regimental Crest which is topped by a ram ’ s head symbolizing a unit skilled in mountain activity . The 85th was one of three regiments comprising the 10th Light Division ( Alpine ) when it was activated in July , 1943 . In the 1950s , the United States Army Mountain and Cold Weather Training Command at Fort Carson and Camp Hale , Colorado adopted the Ram ’ s Head Device as the badge worn by their cadre . In 1983 , the Vermont Army National Guard Mountain Warfare School was established in Jericho , Vermont . The Ram ’ s Head Device was adopted as the Military Mountaineer Badge denoting successful completion of the Basic Military Mountaineer Course and awarding of the Skill Qualification Identifier – E " Military Mountaineer . " In 2003 the Vermont Army Mountain Warfare School became the United States Army Mountain Warfare School . Wear of the Ram ' s Head Device . AR 670 - 1 paragraph 29 - 6 j discusses National Guard awards generally : Excerpt from the State of Vermont Adjutant General ' s Office Permanent Order 121 - 01 ( 1 May 2006 ) : Note : It is believed that the requirement to complete both the Summer and Winter phases of the Army Mountain Warfare School in order to earn the Ram ’ s Head Device may have changed . Some current and / or former Soldiers say that the school no longer requires the completion of both phases in order to graduate from the course . This would allow a special skill badge , such as the Ram ' s Head Device , to be awarded to graduates after only completing either the Summer or Winter training session . References .
SM UC - 67 SM " UC - 67 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 6 August 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 10 December 1916 as SM " UC - 67 " . In 11 patrols " UC - 67 " was credited with sinking 53 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 67 " was surrendered on 16 January 1919 and broken up at Brighton Ferry in 1919 – 20 .
CIA activities in Germany Germany 1945 . Clandestine intelligence collection . The former head of German intelligence for the Eastern Front , Reinhard Gehlen , approached US intelligence , in which the CIA did not yet exist . Gehlen offered to continue his operations against the Soviet Union . Gehlen , who had played a minor part in the 20 July Plot to kill Hitler , was not considered a political Nazi . In 1945 - 6 , he went to work with US and allied organizations , forming the Gehlen Organisation to penetrate the Iron Curtain . In this way , KGB agents that had penetrated the German spy services entered into US service . Gehlen also informed the US of certain Office of Strategic Services personnel who worked for the USSR . The CIA recruited Nazi scientists , many of whom were war criminal s to work on the US Army / CIA MKULTRA Operation based at Fort Detrick , Maryland . . Germany 1953 . See Operation Gold . Germany 1956 . Clandestine intelligence collection . The Organisation moved to German control , as the core Bundesnachrichtendienst ( BND or Federal Intelligence Service ) . Germany 1990 . Clandestine intelligence collection and counterintelligence . CIA acquired the Rosenholz files , containing the list of foreign spies of the Stasi , in the former German Democratic Republic .
Federal Department of Defence , Civil Protection and Sports The Federal Department of Defence , Civil Protection and Sport ( DDPS ) ( ; ; ) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government , headed by a member of the Swiss Federal Council . Organisation . The Department is composed of the following departmental sectors : The following services are also part of the DDPS :
Civic Crown The Civic Crown ( ) was a chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown . During the Roman Republic and the subsequent Principate , it was regarded as the second highest military decoration to which a citizen could aspire ( the Grass Crown being held in higher regard ) . It was reserved for Roman citizens who saved the lives of fellow citizens by slaying an enemy on a spot not further held by the enemy that same day . The citizen saved must admit it ; no one else could be a witness . After Sulla ' s constitutional reforms , any recipient of the Civic Crown was entitled entry into the Roman Senate . Furthermore , the recipient was required by law to wear his crown at every public gathering , and was applauded even by men much senior to himself . It later became a prerogative for Roman Emperors to be awarded the Civic Crown ( originating with Augustus , who was awarded it for saving the lives of citizens by ending the series of civil wars ) . Famous recipients include Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus . Pliny wrote about the Civic Crown at some length in " Naturalis Historia " :
Sir John Campbell , 1st Baronet Sir John William Campbell , 1st Baronet , CB was a major - general in the British Army who served in the Crimean campaign in 1855 , in the China campaign in 1860 and in the Second Anglo - Afghan War in 1879 - 80 . He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1886 . He was appointed 1st Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1855 ; his service in the Crimea in 1854 - 5 was " in the trenches with the siege train before Sebastopol , " for which he was awarded a medal and clasp . He was the eldest son of John Campbell , Lt Governor of St Vincent 1845 - 53 , by his wife , Hannah Elizabeth Macleod , the daughter of James Macleod , Esq . , of Rasay . He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1853 . He married Catherine Syonia Sophia Cavie in 1867 ; they had one son , John Bruce Stuart , b . 1877 , who succeeded him as baronet in 1915 . His claim to be Baronet of Campbell of Ardnamurchan was not officially recognised by the Standing Council of the Baronetage , but he was listed as the 8th baronet in contemporary peerages ( particularly those that pre - date the existence of the SCB ) , so he apparently used the title socially . He was granted a new baronetcy as Campbell of Ardnamurchan , Argyll on 29 November 1913 with precedency of 1804 . The earlier baronetcy was in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia ; the second creation was in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom . After the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1943 ( while a prisoner in Palenbang Camp , Sumatra ) , no one put forward a claim to the baronetcy , and it is listed by the Standing Council of the Baronetage as dormant .
Hero ' s Medal The Hero ' s Medal ( ) is the highest military decoration awarded by the Government of the People ' s Republic of China . History . The Hero ' s Medal , along with the Meritorious Service Medal , was first created in April 1951 by the Chinese People ' s Volunteer Army political director Du Ping in an effort to promote the unity of the Chinese armed forces during the Korean War . The medal was conceived so that the common soldiers would follow the examples set by few selected role models . When the medal was first created , it was composed of three categories — second , first and special class . The special class was later eliminated when the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army ' s ( PLA ) medal system formalized in 1988 . Criteria and selection process . According to the initial award criteria published in 1951 , the medal was awarded to anyone " who have owned two medals of third or second class or one of the first grade [ Meritorious Service ] award , who are most outstanding at an army or army corps level , and whose remarkable contribution are also recognized by friendly units . " A candidate for the medal would normally be nominated by the deputy political officer of a company , while all squads within the company were required to meet once a month to list each soldier ' s accomplishments for the selection process . Once nominated , the PLA General Political Department or the candidate ' s military region political department would be responsible for approving the nomination . Reward and regulation . Once the nomination is approved , the recipient would be treated with a grand prize - giving ceremony that is intended to educate the entire PLA or the recipient ' s military region . Besides the medal , the recipient also receives a ribbon bar and a certificate from the PLA General Political Department . According to the 1988 regulation , the medal must be worn on the upper left side of the recipient ' s uniform . The regulation also decreed that the medal itself can only be worn during special meetings and celebrations , while the ribbon bars are allowed in daily functions .
USS Oceanus ( ARB - 2 ) USS " Oceanus " ( ARB - 2 ) was one of twelve " Aristaeus " - class battle damage repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Oceanus ( believed to be the world - ocean in classical antiquity ) , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . The ship was originally laid down as " LST – 328 " on 12 November 1942 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard ; redesignated USS " Oceanus " ( ARB - 2 ) on 25 January 1943 , she was then launched on 11 February 1943 and commissioned on 22 May 1943 with Lieutenant Commander W . B . Studley in command . Service history . Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay , " Oceanus " departed Norfolk , Virginia on 23 July 1943 for the Pacific , arriving at Nouméa , New Caledonia 18 September . She remained there , converting LCI s to shoal - draft gunboat s and making emergency repairs to damaged vessels . On 28 October she shifted to Espiritu Santo , thence , in 1944 , to Florida Island . On 9 September 1944 she departed the Solomon Islands in TG 31 . 4 and on the 20th arrived at Kossol Roads , Palaus . There she repaired , often while underway , craft and vessels damaged in the assaults against those islands and against the Philippines . In February 1945 she steamed to Guam to join TG 51 . 5 for the Iwo Jima invasion , arriving on the 20th and remaining until 17 March . The Okinawa campaign next took " Oceanus " to Kerama Retto , where work on ships damaged by kamikaze s and bombs kept her on a round - the - clock schedule into mid - May . On 14 May she shifted to the Hagushi anchorage for emergency repairs to the battleship . Completing the work and returning to Kerama Retto ' s " Scrap Iron Row " on the 21st , she remained until early June when she steamed to the Philippines . Arriving at Leyte 15 June , she remained in San Pedro Bay until after the end of the War . Post - war duties took her to Okinawa , then to China . At Shanghai from October into December she serviced landing and patrol craft assigned to China Group . On 25 December she headed back to the United States to prepare for inactivation . Decommissioned 15 January 1947 she was berthed at San Diego as a unit of the Pacific Reserve Fleet until struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1 July 1961 and sold 3 May 1962 to Zidell Exploration of Portland , Oregon for scrapping . " Oceanus " earned one battle star for World War II service .
George Pereira Brigadier - General George Edward Pereira , CB , CMG , DSO ( 26 January 1865 – 20 October 1923 ) was a British explorer in Central Asia , Tibet and Western China ; a soldier , writer and diplomatist . Early life and family . George Pereira was descended from an old Roman Catholic family of Portuguese origins ( descended from Henry the Navigator ) , settled at Caversham Place , near Reading , which had profited in the 19th century from the Chinese trade . He was eldest of the three sons of Edward Pereira by the Hon . Margaret Anne Stonor , 8th daughter of Thomas Stonor , 3rd Baron Camoys of Stonor Park , Oxfordshire . He was educated at the The Oratory School in Edgbaston , where his younger brother Edward Thomas Pereira ( ' E . P . ' ) ( 1866 – 1939 ) was later principal and benefactor . A third brother was Major - General Sir Cecil Pereira , KCB ( 1869 – 1942 ) a distinguished commander in the Boer War and the First World War . Soldier . George Pereira was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards and served in China ( 1900 ) , where he received the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) for his services during the Boxer Rebellion . He later served in South Africa ( 1902 ) . During the First World War , he served on the Western Front as officer commanding the 47th Brigade ( from January 1916 to November 1917 ) and then the 43rd Brigade ( 1918 ) . He was one of the great characters of the 16th Division . Known to the men as ' Hoppy ' because of lameness after a riding accident , he was an irascible fire - eater and firm disciplinarian ; characteristics he combined with an obvious concern for the welfare of his men . ' Every officer and soldier of his brigade swears by him ' , one of his battalion commanders wrote . Explorer . Pereira had served as British Military attaché in Peking from 1905 to 1910 and was fluent in Chinese . He made many adventurous journeys in China and Tibet , frequently travelling thousands of miles on foot . He was the first European to walk from Peking to Lhasa , when he described the Amne Machin massif in eastern Tibet in 1921 - 2 , sometimes reckoned among the great geographical discoveries of the twentieth century . His journey from Yunnan along the Tibetan border in 1923 was his last , as he died of some internal trouble just before reaching Kantze ( where he was buried ) , near Batang , Sichuan , in October 1923 . His journals of Chinese exploration were edited shortly after his death . Further extracts from his journals have been published recently ( 2004 - ) in the " Guards ' Magazine " , edited by his great nephew , Edward Pereira .
USS F - 3 ( SS - 22 ) USS " F - 3 " ( SS - 22 ) , was a " F " - class submarine . She was named " Pickerel " when her keel was laid down by the Moran Brothers Company of Seattle , Washington , making her the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the pickerel , a type of pike . She was renamed " F - 3 " on 17 November 1911 , launched on 6 January 1912 sponsored by Mrs . M . F . Backus , and commissioned on 5 August 1912 with Ensign K . Heron in command . Service history . " F - 3 " completed her trials in the Puget Sound area before reporting for duty at San Francisco , California on 15 October 1912 , when she joined the First Submarine Group , Pacific Torpedo Flotilla . The Flotilla operated along the coast of California , conducting constant exercises and experiments to develop the techniques of submarine warfare , and from August 1914 to November 1915 , carried out similar operations in the Hawaiian Islands . " F - 3 " was placed in ordinary at Mare Island on 15 March 1916 , returning to full commission on 13 June 1917 . After training her new crew , " F - 3 " was assigned to the Coast Torpedo Force , Pacific Fleet , based at San Pedro , California . She engaged in daily operations , surfaced and submerged , training students of the submarine school . During maneuvers on 17 December 1917 , she and collided , the latter sinking almost immediately . " F - 3 " , along with other submarines with whom she was operating , rescued only 3 men out of the 22 on board the " F - 1 " . " F - 3 " suffered a cracked bow cap and after repairs at Mare Island was assigned operations in cooperation with a civilian motion picture company in experiments with underwater photography . From 1919 - 1921 , " F - 3 " served at San Pedro , California , as training ship , and on 15 March 1922 she was decommissioned . She was sold on 17 August 1922 .
Secretary of State for War The position of Secretary of State for War , commonly called War Secretary , was a British cabinet - level position , first held by Henry Dundas ( appointed in 1794 ) . In 1801 the post became that of Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The position was re - instated in 1854 . In 1946 , with the creation of a cabinet level Minister of Defence separate from the Prime Minister , it ceased to be a cabinet position , and the office was abolished ( along with that of First Lord of the Admiralty and Secretary of State for Air ) on 1 April 1964 , when the cabinet position was replaced by the Secretary of State for Defence – in charge of a new united Ministry of Defence . The Secretary of State headed the War Office and was assisted by a Parliamentary Under - Secretary of State for War , a Parliamentary Private Secretary who was also a Member of Parliament , and a Military Secretary , who was a general . Secretaries of State for War , 1794 – 1801 . " For 1801 – 1854 see Secretary of State for War and the Colonies " .