naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cardiff Roman Fort Cardiff Roman Fort was a coastal fort in the Roman province of Britannia Superior , of which Roman Wales was a part . Its original Latin name is uncertain . Its remains are incorporated into Cardiff Castle in the modern ] ] of Wales . Name . The fort ' s name is uncertain . It could have been Tamium as appears in the Ravenna Cosmography , although this may have been a river name and thus refers to the River Taff . Alternatively it may be Bovium ( corrected from Bomio ) of the Antonine Itinerary . Early forts . Prior to the building of the extant fort , there were at least two previous Roman forts on the site . The first was probably a vexillation camp built during attempted conquest of the Silures tribe around AD 55 . About twenty years later , after a period of abandonment , a new smaller Roman auxiliary fort was constructed and was possibly occupied , along with a civilian vicus , until the reign of the Emperor Hadrian . From the late 2nd to the mid - 3rd century , civilian timber buildings associated with iron working occupied the site . Carausian shore fort . Around 290 , a 9 acre ( 3 . 57 hectare ) shore fort was built on the site , not unlike the almost complete example at Portchester in Hampshire . Its walls were ten feet thick and it was positioned to control access to the upper reaches of the River Severn . There may have been associated watch towers on the now eroded cliffs to the west . This is believed to have been the Emperor Carausius ' response to increased Irish raids . Its military / naval force eventually moved elsewhere about 370 . Post - Roman legends . The ruinous fort appears as the residence of ' King Ynwyl ' in the story of Geraint and Enid , a medieval romance associated with the Mabinogion . Geraint was possibly a 5th - century King of Dumnonia .
James Augustus Washington James Augustus Washington ( 8 March 1831 , in Goldsboro , North Carolina – 1911 ) , was a Confederate colonel during the American Civil War . He joined the Confederate States Army in April 1861 as a sergeant in the Goldsboro Rifles , which became A company , 27th North Carolina Regiment . He became captain of H company , 2nd North Carolina Regiment 16 May 1861 and Lt . Col . in the 50th North Carolina Regiment on the 15th April 1862 . Col . Washington commanded the regiment during Maj . Gen . D . H . Hill ' s campaign against New Bern and Washington , North Carolina in 1863 . He commanded the 50th during Potter ' s raid in 1863 . Col . Washington received a reprimand for his conduct during action around Tarboro during the raid and he resigned his commission . Before and after the war James Washington worked as a farmer and clerk .
Type 97 57 mm Tank Gun The Type 97 57 mm tank gun was a Japan ese gun originally used on the Type 97 Chi - Ha medium tanks during the Second World War . The cannon was a short barrelled weapon with a relatively low muzzle velocity which was sufficient for supporting the infantry . However , during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol ( Nomonhan ) against Soviet BT Tank s in 1939 , the gun proved insufficient . After " Nomonhan " , new tank guns were developed for the Chi - Ha with a calibre of 47 mm - less than 57 mm tank gun - but having a longer barrel , and better penetration than the Type 97 gun . From 1942 onwards , the Type 97 tanks were armed with the high velocity " Type 1 47 mm Anti - Tank Gun " in a new larger turret .
BBC Monitoring BBC Monitoring is a division of the British Broadcasting Corporation which monitors , and reports on , mass media worldwide . Based at Caversham Park in Caversham , Reading in southern England , it has a number of overseas bureaux including Moscow , Nairobi , Kiev , Baku , Tashkent , Cairo , Tbilisi , Yerevan and Delhi . A signals - receiving station for BBC Monitoring is at Crowsley Park in South Oxfordshire , close to Caversham Park . BBC Monitoring selects and translates information from radio , television , press , news agencies and the Internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages . Reporting produced by the service is used as open - source intelligence by elements of the British Government and commercial customers . History . The organisation was formed in 1939 to provide the British Government with access to foreign media and propaganda . It provided the government with valuable information during World War II , particularly in places where foreign journalists were banned . The organisation played an important role in helping observers keep track of developments during the Cold War , the disintegration of the Iron Curtain and collapse of the Soviet Union . Also monitored were the Yugoslav Wars and the Middle East . Funding . Although administratively and editorially part of the BBC , until recently BBC Monitoring did not receive any funding from the licence fee ; instead it was funded directly by its stakeholder s as well as by subscriptions from official and commercial bodies throughout the world . The principal stakeholder is the Cabinet Office and subscriptions are also received from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office , the Ministry of Defence and the BBC World Service . Other customers include other government departments , private sector and third sector bodies . In the 2010 BBC licence fee settlement the BBC agreed to take on the government ' s funding of BBC Monitoring from 2013 / 2014 , finding the £25 million required from the licence fee . Reported on BBC News ( 17 January 2011 ) , BBC Monitoring cut 72 posts following a £3 million cut in funding over the next two years . Director of BBC Monitoring , Chris Westcott , said : " Regrettably service cuts and post closures are inevitable given the scale of the cut in funding . " The Caversham - based service translates media reports from around the world . The proposal is to cut £3m from the service ' s costs by closing the 72 posts - about 16 % of its staff - but it expects to create 18 new posts . Mr Westcott added that a period of consultation with staff on the plans were due to begin shortly . The BBC agreed to finance Monitoring from 2013 / 14 as part of the 2010 licence fee settlement which froze the annual colour licence fee at £145 . 50 for six years . The agreement also saw the corporation agree to take over the Foreign Office - funded World Service from 2014 .
Brigadeführer SS - Brigadeführer was an SS rank that was used in Nazi Germany between the years of 1932 and 1945 . " Brigadeführer " was also an SA rank . The rank was first created due to an expansion of the SS and assigned to those officers in command of " SS - Brigaden " . In 1933 , the " SS - Brigaden " were changed in name to " SS - Abschnitte " ; however , the rank of " Brigadeführer " remained the same . Originally , " Brigadeführer " was considered the second general officer rank of the SS and ranked between " Oberführer " and " Gruppenführer " . This changed with the rise of the " Waffen - SS " and the " Ordnungspolizei " . In both of those organizations , " Brigadeführer " was the equivalent to a " Generalmajor " and ranked above an " Oberst " in the German " Wehrmacht " or police . Note that the rank of " Generalmajor " was the equivalent of brigadier general , a one - star general in the US Army . The insignia for " Brigadeführer " was at first two oak leaves and a silver pip , however was changed in April 1942 to a three oak leaf design after the creation of the rank " SS - Oberst - Gruppenführer " . " Brigadeführer " in the " Waffen - SS " or police also wore the shoulder insignia of a " Generalmajor " and were referred to as such after their SS rank ( e . g . " SS - Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen - SS und Polizei " ) .
Edward C . Walthall Edward Cary Walthall ( April 4 , 1831April 21 , 1898 ) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum United States Senator from Mississippi . Biography . Born in Richmond , Virginia , Walthall moved to Mississippi as a child , attended St . Thomas Hall in Holly Springs , studying law . He was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Coffeeville . He was elected district attorney for the tenth judicial district of Mississippi in 1856 and reelected in 1859 . During the Civil War , Walthall entered the Confederate Army as a lieutenant , and was promoted to lieutenant colonel , colonel , brigadier general , and finally a major general . He especially distinguished himself at the Battle of Missionary Ridge , where he led his brigade over a ridge and held back the Federal troops until the Confederate army made its escape . He covered the retreat of General Hood ' s army after the defeat at Nashville . After the war , Walthall resumed the practice of law in Coffeeville . In 1871 , he moved to Grenada , Mississippi , and continued practicing law until 1885 . Walthall was appointed as a Democrat to the U . S . Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lucius Q . C . Lamar . He was subsequently elected to fill the vacancy , and was reelected in 1889 . He served from March 9 , 1885 , to January 24 , 1894 , when he resigned due to ill health . While in the Senate , he was chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs ( Fifty - third Congress ) and a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ( Fifty - fifth Congress ) . Walthall was again elected for the term beginning March 4 , 1895 , and served from that date until his death in Washington , D . C . in 1898 . Funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate . He was buried in Holly Springs Cemetery . Legacy . Walthall County , Mississippi is named after him .
Kosmos 2448 Kosmos 2448 ( meaning " Cosmos 2448 " ) is one of a set of three Russia n military satellites launched in 2008 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system . It was launched with Kosmos 2447 and Kosmos 2449 . This satellite is a GLONASS - M satellite , also known as Uragan - M , and is numbered Uragan - M No . 728 . Kosmos 2447 / 8 / 9 were launched from Site 81 / 24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - M carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 10 : 43 UTC on 25 December 2008 . The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2008 - 067C . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 33468 . It is currently part of the GLONASS constellation in the first orbital plane , orbital slot 2 . It started operation on 20 January 2009 .
Nicanor the Elephant Nicanor ( , " Nikanōr " ) , nicknamed the Elephant , was a general under King Philip V of Macedonia in the 3rd century BC . He invaded Attica with an army shortly before the breaking out of the Second Macedonian War between Philip V and the Romans in 200 BC . But after having laid waste to part of the open country , he was induced to withdraw by the remonstrances of the Roman ambassadors then at Athens . He is again mentioned as commanding the rearguard of Philip ' s army at the battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC , which the Romans won .
Wapley Hill Wapley Hill is an Iron Age hill fort located in Herefordshire , England , 3 km south - east of Presteigne . Location . Wapley Hill stands in mixed woodland on a west - facing escarpment to the south of the B4362 road from Presteigne to Mortimer ' s Cross . The Herefordshire Trail way - marked long distance footpath passes through the site . Description . The defences stand at a height of 5 . 6m and occupy 6 hectares . The entrance is situated on the southern side and comprises a 90m passage . A ' ritual shaft ' dating from the late Bronze Age is sunk to a depth of 33m .
Hugo Broch Hugo Broch ( born 6 January 1922 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career Broch was credited with 81 victories in 324 missions , all on the Eastern Front . External links .
102nd Regiment of Foot ( Royal Madras Fusiliers ) The 102nd Regiment of Foot ( Royal Madras Fusiliers ) was an infantry regiment , originally raised by the British East India Company and absorbed by the British Army in 1862 . It was combined with the 103rd Regiment of Foot in 1881 to form the Royal Dublin Fusiliers . East India Company Regiments . Between the years of 1746 and 1830 the Honorable East India Company European Regiment looked after that organisation ' s interests in British Colonial India . The regiment was renamed HEIC Madras European Regiment in 1830 , the HEIC 1st Madras Europeans in 1839 , and the HEIC 1st Madras European Fusiliers in 1843 . Between the years 1858 and 1861 , following the uprising commonly known as the Indian Mutiny , the regiment was taken into the British Army as the 1st Madras European Fusiliers regiment . British service . On 30 June 1862 , Queen Victoria conferred upon the Madras European Fusiliers the title of ' Royal ' . From this point , they became known as the 102nd ( Royal Madras Fusiliers ) Regiment . In 1881 , the 102nd Regiment was merged with the 103rd Regiment of Foot ( Royal Bombay Fusiliers ) to form the Royal Dublin Fusiliers . As the senior regiment on amalgamation , the former 102nd Regiment formed the 1st Battalion of the new regiment . The battalion was disbanded in 1922 on the formation of the Irish Free State .
David Clopton David Clopton ( September 29 , 1820 – February 5 , 1892 ) was a prominent Alabama politician . Biography . Clopton was born in Putnam County , Georgia , and moved to Alabama in 1844 . He graduated from Randolph - Macon College in 1840 and was admitted to the bar in 1841 . Clopton represented Alabama ' s 3rd district in the United States House of Representatives from 1859 to 1861 . He then served in the Confederate States Army as a private soldier and then represented Alabama in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress . After the war , he served in the Alabama state legislature in 1878 and as an associate justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1884 to his death .
Bhuj Rudra Mata Air Force Base Bhuj Rudra Mata Air Force Base is an Indian Air Force base , which shares its runway with Bhuj Airport at the town of Bhuj in Gujarat , India . It is part of South Western Air Command . The base at Bhuj which suffered extensive damage during the 2001 Gujarat earthquake on 26 January 2001 , now stands completely reconstructed . At a solemn ceremony , Air Marshal AR Ghandhi , AOC - in - C , South Western Air Command , inaugurated a special Memorial erected at the air base to pay respects to 30 ' air warriors ' and 68 family members of the IAF personnel who lost their lives in the tragedy . Later , the Air Marshal also inaugurated married accommodation , messes for the Airmen and officers and operational complexes rebuilt at the airbase . When the earthquake devastated this region , Bhuj airbase became the nodal point where all immediate relief materials were flown in by special Air Force and other civil aircraft including those from foreign countries . Nearly 1 , 300 landings by relief aircraft belonging to various agencies were coordinated from 26 January to March 2001 by the personnel of the airbase . Despite the loss of their own comrades and near - and - dear ones , the ' air warriors ' helped save thousands of lives . The airbase today is again brimming with activities as the station , with new residential structures , has been equipped with all amenities such as playgrounds , parks , auditorium , swimming pool , shopping complex and an Air Force School . An arboriculture drive has also been launched to ensure greenery around the campus .
Security Division ( Wehrmacht ) The " Wehrmacht " Security Divisions ( German : " Sicherungs - Divisionen " ) were German military units which operated during World War II . History and organisation . The " Wehrmacht " Security Divisions were set up at the beginning of 1941 and were intended to perform policing , security and anti - partisan duties in the rear of the main German field armies , under the direction of the respective army rear area command , or " Korück " . They were organised from divisions initially raised in the 3rd wave of mobilisation , these being former " Landwehr " divisions largely manned by second - line reservists . As support units , they were comparatively poorly equipped , and often made up of men who were for the most part unfit for frontline service through age or disability . As well as various guard ( " Landesschützen " ) and police battalions , the divisions were supposed to be provided with one standard regiment of troops , plus an artillery detachment , as a ' strike force ' , though in practice this was often used for frontline duty as local conditions demanded . In many cases , the Security Divisions also included battalions of Ukrainian , Russian or French soldiers as well as a unit of captured foreign tanks . Their exact organisation varied widely between individual formations and during the course of the war ( see the 286th Security Division for an example ) . Many of the Security Divisions were thrown into frontline service during the major Soviet offensives of 1944 , such as Operation Bagration , and destroyed in the process . Some were rebuilt as standard infantry divisions due to the chronic manpower shortages of the " Wehrmacht " in this period . War crimes . Recent research has shown that the Security Divisions of the " Wehrmacht " were responsible for a large number of war crimes and in many cases for systematic programmes of repression against the civilian population . This occurred most notably on the Eastern Front , particularly in the rear areas of Army Group Centre , where they acted with extreme brutality . This is in contrast to the immediate post - war view , influenced by the Nuremberg Trials , that the " Wehrmacht " was not an inherently criminal organisation ( see War crimes of the Wehrmacht ) . Modern historians such as Bartov and Shepherd ( see References , below ) argue that the " Wehrmacht " in general , and its Security Divisions in particular , were in fact deeply implicated in massacres of unarmed civilians , the systematic destruction of property , and the Holocaust .
Air Force Academy , Colorado Air Force Academy is a census - designated place ( CDP ) in El Paso County , Colorado , United States . The CDP includes a large portion of the grounds of the United States Air Force Academy , including the cadet housing facilities . The population was 6 , 680 at the 2010 census . The USAF Academy Post Office ( ZIP Codes 80840 and 80841 ) serves the area . Geography . Air Force Academy is located at ( 38 . 990440 , - 104 . 860674 ) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 10 . 0 square miles ( 26 . 0 km² ) , all of it land . Demographics . As of the census of 2000 , there were 7 , 526 people , 1 , 128 households , and 1 , 112 families residing in the CDP . The population density was 750 . 9 people per square mile ( 290 . 0 / km² ) . There were 1 , 238 housing units at an average density of 123 . 5 per square mile ( 47 . 7 / km² ) . The racial makeup of the CDP was 83 . 6 % White , 5 . 8 % African American , 0 . 8 % Native American , 2 . 8 % Asian , 0 . 3 % Pacific Islander , 3 . 1 % from other races , and 3 . 8 % from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8 . 7 % of the population . There were 1 , 128 households out of which 82 . 8 % had children under the age of 18 living with them , 90 . 2 % were married couples living together , 5 . 9 % had a female householder with no husband present , and 1 . 4 % were non - families . 1 . 3 % of all households were made up of individuals and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older . The average household size was 3 . 60 and the average family size was 3 . 62 . In the CDP the population was spread out with 24 . 2 % under the age of 18 , 49 . 2 % from 18 to 24 , 24 . 4 % from 25 to 44 , 2 . 0 % from 45 to 64 , and 0 . 1 % who were 65 years of age or older . The median age was 21 years . For every 100 females there were 191 . 6 males . For every 100 females age 18 and over , there were 235 . 8 males . All these statistics are typical for United States military bases . The median income for a household in the CDP was $ 43 , 417 , and the median income for a family was $ 43 , 264 . Males had a median income of $ 7 , 307 versus $ 15 , 464 for females . The per capita income is $ 11 , 088 . 3 . 2 % of families and 2 . 8 % of the population were below the poverty line , including 3 . 6 % of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older .
Sh - Tandem Sh - Tandem ( , other designations include Sh - MAI and MAI - Tandem ) was a Soviet experimental ground attack aircraft of the 1930s . Designed by Peter Grushin at the Moscow Aviation Institute ( hence the MAI designation ) , the aeroplane featured an unusual tandem wing , with the tail planes as large as 45 % of the wing area . Elevators served as ailerons at the same time . While similar in layout to contemporary Soviet fighters ( notably the Polikarpov I - 16 ) , the design also included a rear gunner ' s turret in the tail . Three prototypes were built and flight - tested by Petr Mikhailovich Stefanovskiy between late 1937 and 1939 , but no serial production followed . Design and development . In mid - 1930s Soviet aviation circles were toying with the idea of a " shturmovik " - an attack aircraft capable both of strafing attacks , and limited fighter and bomber capabilities . There were two simultaneous directions for the engineers . One was focused on what would eventually become Ilyushin Il - 2 and Sukhoi Su - 6 - basically a heavily - armoured heavy fighter airframe fitted with guns and racks for bombs and rockets . Entirely different direction was a much lighter airframe , based on single - seat fighter planes , adapted for ground attack duties , of which none were eventually accepted . One of the latter was Sh - Tandem designed by Pyotr Dmitrievich Grushin at the Moscow Aviation Institute ( MAI ) . The design was a non - conventional tandem wing aeroplane . Even distribution of weight between front and rear sections allowed for more ordinance to be installed in the airframe , including a rear gunner ' s turret . Additionally , lack of a vertical stabiliser allowed for wider field of fire . At the same time the tandem wing configuration allowed for the wings to be constructed of wood rather than metal and - at least in theory - was to give the new construction unprecedented manoeuvrability . Internally the fuselage was conventional for its ' times : a wooden monocoque , covered in plywood with some areas covered in bakelite . Both front and rear wings were to be equipped with ailerons and elevators . Instead of a single vertical stabiliser , there were two mounted under the rear wing . There were five planned variants for the actual mounting of the stabilisers , mounted either at both ends of the wing , mid - way , underneath it or extending both above and below . Eventually the variant with vertical stabilizers both below and above the rear wing was adopted as the most suitable . The landing gear included two front wheels retractable into bays in the front wings , and a non - retractable tail wheel . Serial production Sh - Tandems were to be powered by the new Tumansky M - 88 air - cooled radial engine . However , as they were not yet available , the prototypes used the earlier Tumansky M - 87A instead .
Ouvrage Col d ' Agnon Ouvrage Col d ' Agnon is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line . The ouvrage consists of two entry blocks and one observation block facing Italy at an altitude of . The " ouvrage " was manned by 59 soldiers in 1940 under Sub - Lieutenant Lacour . The position was sited to observe the Roya valley .