naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
General General is a specific Officer rank . However , the term can refer to any General Officer rank . United Kingdom . General is currently the highest peace - time rank in the British Army and Royal Marines . It is the equivalent of a 4 star rank , and is subordinate only to the Army rank of Field Marshal and the Royal Marines rank of Captain General Royal Marines . A General ' s insignia is a crossed sword and baton . This appeared on its own for the now obsolete rank of Brigadier - General . A Major - General has a pip over this emblem ; a Lieutenant - General a crown instead of a pip ; and a full General both a pip and a crown . The insignia for the highest rank of Field Marshal consists of crossed batons within a wreath and surmounted by a crown . United States . In the US Army , US Air Force , and US Marine Corps , General is a four - star general officer rank , with the pay grade of O - 10 . General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force ; the Marine Corps does not have an established grade above general . General is equivalent to the rank of Admiral in the other uniformed services . Since the grade of General of the Army and General of the Air Force are reserved for war - time use only , and since the Marine Corps has no five - star equivalent , the grade of general is currently considered to be the highest appointment an officer can achieve in these three services .
Executive Order 13292 Executive Order 13292 was an executive order issued by United States President George W . Bush on March 25 , 2003 , entitled " Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958 , as Amended , Classified National Security Information . " The Executive Order modified the manner in which sensitive information was handled at the time as set out by President Bill Clinton ' s 1995 executive order . Clinton ' s order set declassification deadlines for classified material and made it harder for politicians to classify information . Bush ' s order appears to allow much more information to be classified and for longer periods ; the wording is hard to decipher in some areas . It also appears to give more power over classification to the Offices of the President and Vice President , but the wording used was not properly defined in the listing of relevant definitions now consolidated into their own section in Part 6 of the Executive Order . Among the various changes made to the 1995 - based regulations , Executive Order 13292 notably : A more extensive analysis of the changes from the previous executive order was compiled by the group Public Citizen . Then - Dick Cheney said in a February 15 , 2006 , interview , " There is an executive order that specifies who has classification authority , and obviously focuses first and foremost on the President , but also includes the Vice President . " This was based in the then newly added but undefined and untested wording stipulating the Vice President ' s ability to exercise classification authority rested “ in the performance of [ his ] executive duties , ” . The phrase no longer appears in Executive Order 13526 though the Vice President is directly listed rather than amended in separately via a standard Order . Byron York of the " National Review " noted , " Throughout Executive Order 13292 , there are changes to the original Clinton order which , in effect , give the vice president the power of the president in dealing with classified material . . . Executive Order 13292 is further evidence of real power in the vice president ' s office . " This analysis is contradicted by the supplemental Order of October 13 , 1995 issued pursuant to Sec . 1 . 4 ( a ) ( 2 ) of President Clinton ' s Executive Order 12958 of April 17 , 1995 declaring the Vice President as a designated official with the same ability to originate classified information at the highest level , " Top Secret " , and by design - the lower - levels and further delegations by default , as if named directly in the original Executive Order pursuant to the clause directly preceding it [ Sec . 1 . 4 ( a ) ( 1 ) ] . The subsequent revisions to the regulations governing Classified National Security Information practices by both Presidents Bush and Obama differed from EO 12958 in that they declared the Vice President directly in their original issuances rather than in a supplemental Order as President Clinton had . Executive Order 12958 and the amendments incorporated into it , including Executive Order 13292 , were revoked by President Barack Obama in the issuance of Executive Order 13526 .
Republic of Benin ( 1967 ) The short - lived Republic of Benin , in Nigeria ' s coastal Bight of Benin , was named after its capital Benin City . It was known as Mid - Western state in Nigeria until August 1967 when it was occupied by Biafra as its forces advanced towards Lagos . Albert Nwazu Okonkwo , a Mid - Western Igbo medical officer , was installed by Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu as Biafran Military Administrator of the territory ( 17 August 1967 - 19 September 1967 ) . As Nigerian forces were to retake the Mid - West , the Republic of Benin was unilaterally declared at 07 : 00 on 19 September 1967 . Okonkwo also ruled it as " Governor " . The republic lasted a little more than a day . On 20 September 1967 , it was terminated as Nigerian forces recaptured the province . It was not recognised , not even by its " parent " country , Biafra , mainly because of the brevity of its existence . Most of the government officials , as well some Igbo civilians , followed Biafran troops across the Niger River .
Battle of Lonoy The Battle of Lonoy in 1901 was a bloody American surprise attack launched on Filipino insurgent s that killed over 400 in the Philippine - American War . It was fought in Lonoy on Bohol Island . Before the actual battle , the Filipinos had laid an ambush along a narrow path and carefully concealed themselves in camouflage d pits and trenches , awaiting the unsuspecting American column . These Bohol natives were even more poorly armed than the regular Philippine soldiers . Very few had actual firearms , while nearly all were armed with dagger s , machetes , and spear s . Unknown to them , the Americans had learned of the ambuscade from a pro - American native , Captain Francisco Acala , the last Spanish Mayor of Jagna , Bohol during the Spanish regimes . who would lead the Americans to the rear of the Filipino defenses in a devastating surprise attack . The Filipinos were caught totally offguard and found themselves trapped in their own trenches where they were gunned down mercilessly . In the battle that ensued , all but seven of the Bohol natives were killed . That number totaled 406 , including their commander , Captain Gregorio " Guyo " Casenas . In striking contrast , American killed amounted to only three with ten more wounded , which came toward the end of the attack when the Filipinos tried desperately to counter - attack the Americans . There were also a few Samareno ( inhabitants of Samar ) natives killed . Most of the Filipinos were killed , as was usually the case with the Filipinos , who fought almost to the last man on more than one occasion . Lone Survivor of the Lonoy Massacre : Loloy Lakar
Blue Gemini Blue Gemini was a United States Air Force ( USAF ) project first proposed in August 1962 for a series of seven flights of Gemini spacecraft to enable the Air Force to gain manned spaceflight experience prior to the launch of the Manned Orbital Development System , or MODS . The plan was to utilize off - the - shelf Gemini spacecraft . Blue Gemini would consist of two National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) missions which would include a USAF co - pilot and would accomplish NASA objectives . These would be followed by two more NASA missions that would have USAF crews . Those missions would be devoted to NASA goals , but would include USAF experiments if possible . The final phase of Blue Gemini would consist of three dedicated USAF missions . One of these would be an Agena Target Vehicle rendezvous mission and it was possible that some of these later missions would carry only a single crew member , the other seat being occupied by experimental equipment . Possible payloads included a Manned Maneuvering Unit that would allow an astronaut to maneuver around the spacecraft , an advanced navigation system , an erectable structure , and a large ground mapping radar . The plan was to end Blue Gemini missions approximately four months before the debut of the MODS space station . Blue Gemini was canceled in January 1963 by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara after he decided that military experiments could be carried aboard some NASA missions , " i . e . , " Project Gemini . McNamara also canceled MODS at the same time . In December 1963 McNamara likewise approved the development of a Manned Orbital Laboratory ( MOL ) which was essentially a revived MODS . Blue Gemini should not be confused with the Gemini B spacecraft that was developed for MOL . Gemini B included a tunnel through its heat shield to enable the astronauts to reach the MOL spacecraft . Because Blue Gemini was only a paper project that was canceled before NASA started any Gemini flights , no Blue Gemini hardware was constructed . A test article on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright - Patterson AFB , Ohio is the Gemini B spacecraft , recognized by its distinctive " US Air Force " written on the side , and the circular hatch cut through the heat shield .
Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor ( 1744 in Fluxerum - May 1814 in Stockholm ) was a Swedish noble military officer and one of the Lords of the Realm . He is probably best known from his time as field marshal of Finland during the Finnish War and for participating in the that dethroned Gustav IV of Sweden .
Coup d ' état of December Twelfth The Coup d ' état of December Twelfth ( Hangul : 12 . 12 군사반란 ; Hanja : 12 . 12 軍事叛亂 ) or the " 12 . 12 Military Insurrection " was a military coup d ' état which took place on December 12 , 1979 , in South Korea . Republic of Korea Army Lieutenant General Chun Doo - hwan , commander of the Security Command , acting without authorization from Acting President Choi Kyu - ha , ordered the arrest of General Jeong Seung - hwa , ROK Army Chief of Staff , on allegations of involvement in the assassination of President Park Chung Hee . This led to a bloody shoot - out at the Army Headquarters and the Ministry of Defense . By the next morning , Chun and his fellow eleventh class military academy graduates such as Major General Roh Tae - woo , commanding general of 9th Infantry Division , and Major General Jeong Ho - yong were in charge of the Korean military . Chun was supported in the coup and the subsequent consolidation of power by the powerful private club of military officials called Hanahoe . Coup d ' état of December Twelfth and Coup d ' état of May Seventeenth ended the Fourth Republic of South Korea and led to the Fifth Republic of South Korea .
59th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 59th Brigade was a formation of British Army . It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army . It was assigned to the 20th ( Light ) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War .
Smatchet A Smatchet is a short , heavy fighting knife / sword in overall length ( including grip ) . It was designed by knife fighting expert and instructor Capt . William E . Fairbairn during World War II . Design . Though described in the Office of Strategic Services catalogue as a cross between a machete and a bolo , it was actually based on the Royal Welch Fusiliers Trench Knife of World War I , and was designed as a pure combat knife . It has a broad , leaf - shaped blade sharpened the full length on one side , and from the tip to half of the other side . The entire blade is coated with a dull matt finish to prevent detection at night from stray reflections . Use . According to Fairbairn , the Smatchet was an ideal close - combat weapon for those not armed with a rifle : The Smatchet was used by British and American special forces ( Special Air Service and Office of Strategic Services , respectively ) during World War II . In the late 1980s , Col . Rex Applegate licensed a modified version of the smatchet he and Fairbairn designed late in World War II . He called it the " Applegate - Fairbairn Combat Smatchet " .
Sandy Neck Bomb Target Range The Sandy Neck Bomb Target Range was a former naval bomb range for fleet arm naval aviators , and located on Sandy Neck , in Barnstable , Massachusetts . History . The Sandy Neck Bomb Target Range was used from 1944 to 1946 when the Navy cancelled its leases . It was used for the practice of dive bombing for carrier aircraft . While it was in operation , it was part of the nearby Naval Air Station Quonset Point . In 1946 , after the war had ended and cruise missile technology was being developed , the Navy cancelled its lease on the range from the town . To the west of the site along the northern beach there was also an anti - tank mine area . Environmental cleanup . During the cleanup of the site in the mid - 1990s , ordnance such the Mark 23 practice bomb was discovered at the site .
Canadian Power Boat Company Canadian Power Boat Company was a manufacturer of MTB s and similar craft in Canada during World War II . Canadian Power Boat Company was set up by the British Power Boat Company to build Motor Torpedo Boats based on the Scott - Paine design . The company was located on St . Patrick Street , next to the Crane Company ( makers of the popular plumbing fixtures ) . The MTBs were delivered mostly to the Royal Navy and some to the Netherlands . Complete MTBs were taken up to the Lachine Canal and to Lake St . Louis for trials before delivery . The company also built 26 ' harbour tenders using cold moulded 2 ply cedar planks and were similar to the MTBs . The plant also made Mosquito aircraft fuselages that were sent to Ontario to complete the airframes . After the war only three ships were ordered with only two completed . After 1957 the plant and company ceased to exist .
Adolf Fischbach Adolf Fischbach ( 5 August 1920 – 16 November 1972 ) was an Oberleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Lomami Company The Lomani Company was a concession company of the Congo Free State . In the colonial era , the Lomami Company forced the people of the Lomami River region from Opala and Lokilo down to Ilambi to collect large amounts of rubber . The Mbole people of the region vividly described their view of the effect of this work with the phrase " wando wo limolo " , meaning " tax - caused loss of weight " .
Battle of Manzikert ( 1915 ) The Battle of Manzikert or Battle of Malazgirt ( " Vytva pri Mantsikerte " ; Turkish : " Malazgirt Muharebesi " ) was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I , in 1915 . Even though losses were heavy on both sides , the ground situation changed little by the end of the action . Operations . On July 10 , 1915 , Russian General Oganovski launched an offensive to capture the hills just west of Malazgirt . He believed that the Turkish forces in the area were weak . However the Turkish forces contained several divisions numbering upwards of 40 , 000 men which was not known to the Russians . On July 16 , the Ottoman Army counter - attacked under Abdul Kerim Pasha . They outnumbered the Russians by a factor of 3 - 1 . Oganovski was forced to retreat back to Malazgirt , and in the process the Turks captured his baggage train . On July 20 , the Russians were driven from Malazgirt . Due to the bad quality of the Russian communications , Yudenich , who was the Russian commander of the Caucasus front , did not learn that the Russian army was in retreat until July 22 . Yudenich quickly regrouped his forces , fired Oganovski , and launched a counter - offensive . Russian casualties were reported to be about 10 , 000 . Malazgirt was recaptured but Yudenich did not have a force large enough to exploit the situation further . Aftermath . The Russian army in Malazgirt was outnumbered 3 - 1 by the Ottoman army . Realizing that if the Ottomans attacked , his army would be destroyed , Yudenich ordered a retreat . The Russians retreated from Malazgirt , and the entire Van region as well . This left the city of Van open to an Ottoman attack , and the Ottomans captured the city on August 22 . However Malazgirt was re - captured after the Ottomans were defeated at the Battle of Kara Killisse . Effect on Russian morale . While the battle was indecisive , and the ground situation changed little , the Russian perceived the battle as a victory , and it boosted national Russian morale . This minor victory provided some respite to the continuing losses on the Eastern Front .
42d Flying Training Squadron The 42d Flying Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit , last assigned to the Air Training Command , being stationed at Columbus AFB , Mississippi . The squadron was inactivated on December 15 , 1991 . History . Air defense of west coast , May – June 1942 ; combat in Aleutians and Northern Pacific , June – December 1942 ; replacement training , April 1943 – April 1944 . Air defense of North Central United States , 1953 – 1958 , Undergraduate Pilot Training , 1990 – 1991 .
AN / PRC - 117F The AN / PRC - 117F Multiband Manpack Radio , or Multiband Multi Mission Radio ( MBMMR ) , is a man - portable , tactical software - defined combat - net radio covering the 30 - 512 MHz frequency range . The radio is manufactured by Harris Corporation . It has NSA certification for the transmission of voice and data traffic up to the Top Secret level . The designation AN / PRC translates to " Army Navy / Portable Radio Communications " used for two way Communications , according to Joint Electronics Type Designation System guidelines . The radio is also provided in a vehicular configuration under the AN / VRC - 103 nomenclature . Users . The AN / PRC - 117F radio is currently in use with the United States Navy Seabee and EOD teams in their MRAP and JERRV vehicles . The radio is also in use by the United States Marine Corps , United States Army , USSOCOM , United States Coast Guard , United States Air Force , Spanish Air Force , Norwegian Armed Forces , Danish Army , Canadian Forces in Afghanistan and German Armed Forces . The radio is part of an Over - the - horizon Satellite Communications and Improved Dual Command and Control Console system recognized by the US Army as a Top 10 Invention in 2005 . The radio has also been embedded in remote mine hunting systems for the US Navy .
628th Tank Battalion ( United States ) The 628th Tank Battalion was an armored battalion of the United States Army active during the Cold War , formed in 1946 and merged into the 103rd Armor Regiment in 1959 . It was formed in May 1946 in the Pennsylvania National Guard by redesignating the 628th Tank Destroyer Battalion , then organised in May 1949 as part of the 28th Infantry Division . The battalion , along with the rest of the 28th Division , was activated for service due to the Korean War in September 1950 ; after training , the division was placed under the command of Seventh Army and stationed in West Germany . It was stood down in June 1954 , and the battalion returned to the National Guard . In 1959 , under the new Combat Arms Regimental System , the battalion joined with elements of the 110th Infantry Regiment and the 108th and 166th Field Artillery Battalions to form the 103rd Armor Regiment .
Antonio Williams Antonio Williams ( born 1825 ) was a seaman first class serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Williams was born in 1825 in Malta and after immigrating to the United States he joined the navy . He was stationed on the when it departed Hampton Roads , Virginia November 23 , 1877 and proceeded to Cuba on a scientific cruise . At approximately 1 a . m . November 24 , near Nags Head , North Carolina the Huron encountered heavy weather and wrecked . Initially the crew attempted to free the vessel but the ship heeled over killing 98 of the crew . For his actions Williams received the Medal of Honor March 20 , 1905 . Williams married an English woman and retired to the city of Bristol , England . He died on the 22nd of July 1908 and is buried in Greenbank Cemetery , Bristol Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 1825 , Malta . Citation : For courage and fidelity displayed in the loss of the U . S . S . Huron , 24 November 1877 .
M303 Special Operations Forces demolition kit The M303 Special Operations Forces demolition kit is a kit containing various metal and plastic parts which the SOF operator packs with C4 explosive to produce a shaped charge or an explosively formed penetrator . The kit also contains a tripod and sights for aiming the explosive device .
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 10 Launch Complex 10 ( LC - 10 ) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida was a launch pad used by SM - 64 Navaho missiles , and later Jason and Draco sounding rocket s . It was located north of Launch Complex 17 , where Launch Complexes 31 and 32 are now located . The pad consisted of a small concrete launch structure with an elevated launch pedestal and built - in flame trench , centered on a small oval - shaped concrete pad . A single Navaho missile was test - launched from LC - 10 , on 12 August 1957 , and was one of only three Navahos to complete a successful flight . Following the cancellation of the Navaho , LC - 10 was reused for launches of Jason and Draco sounding rockets during 1958 and 1959 . The last launch to use the site was of a Draco on 27 April 1959 . LC - 10 was subsequently demolished during the construction of Launch Complexes 31 and 32 , which were built on the same site .
2B9 Vasilek The 2B9 Vasilek ( " Cornflower " ) is an automatic 82 mm gun - mortar developed in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and subsequently fielded in the Soviet Army . Unlike conventional mortars , the 2B9 can fire in automatic mode using four - round clips , and rounds can be loaded from either the muzzle or the breech . Because of its wheeled carriage , the 2B9 resembles a light artillery piece more than a conventional mortar . The 2B9 was used in Afghanistan by Soviet units and is still found in Russia n airmobile infantry units . In the fighting in Afghanistan , Soviet units found the 2B9 a versatile and useful weapon . The 2B9 can fire an antitank projectile , which weighs 3 . 1 kg and has a 75 g warhead that can penetrate 100mm of armor . By 1988 , the 2B9 was also deployed as a self - propelled weapon by mounting the gun - mortar in the rear of an MT - LB armored personnel carrier .