naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings The 2006 Sadr City bombings were a series of car bombs and mortar attacks in Iraq that began on 23 November at 15 : 10 Baghdad time ( 12 : 10 Greenwich Mean Time ) and ended at 15 : 55 ( 12 : 55 GMT ) . Six car bomb s and two mortar rounds were used in the attack on the Shia slum in Sadr City . Casualties and aftermath . The attacks killed at least 215 people and injured 257 others , making it the second deadliest sectarian attack since the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003 . Following the attacks , the Iraqi government placed Baghdad under 24 - hour curfew beginning at 20 : 00 Baghdad time ( 17 : 00 GMT ) , shut down Baghdad International Airport to commercial traffic , and closed the docks and airport in Basra , Iraq . The curfew was lifted on 27 November . The Shi ' ites responded almost immediately , firing 10 mortar rounds at the Abu Hanifa Sunni mosque as Azamiya , the holiest Sunni shrine in Baghdad , killing one person and wounding seven . The morning of 24 November 2006 , the " Associated Press " reported that Shiite militiamen retaliated for the attacks , dousing six Sunni Arabs in kerosene and burning them alive . The Iraqi Army could not confirm the reports of Sunnis being burned alive , and found only one mosque that had suffered fire damage . Timing of the attacks . The attacks occurred while residents of Sadr City were commemorating the life of Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al - Sadr . Al - Sadr was killed by the former Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein in February 1999 . On 16 November 2006 , an arrest warrant for Harith al - Dari , a prominent Sunni cleric , was issued in Baghdad . Moqtada al - Sadr , the son of Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al - Sadr and a controversial figure in his own right , called out on Friday for al - Dari to issue fatwa s prohibiting the killing of Shiites , membership in " al Qaeda or any other organization that has made ( Shiites ) their enemies , " and expressing support for the restoration of the Imam Ali Shrine . When al - Dari has done this , Sadr says he will oppose the arrest warrant against him .
USS Nanticoke ( AOG - 66 ) USS " Nanticoke " ( AOG - 66 ) , a gasoline tanker of the United States Navy , was laid down by the St . Johns River Shipbuilding Company in Jacksonville , Florida , under a Maritime Commission contract , on 16 January 1945 ; launched on 7 April 1945 , sponsored by Mrs . Gustav W . Nelson ; acquired by the Navy on 31 August 1945 ; and commissioned on 1 September 1945 . Service history . Assigned to the Naval Transportation Service , " Nanticoke " reported for duty on 18 October to the Service Force , U . S . Atlantic Fleet . Arriving at Norfolk , Virginia , on 28 November , she was decommissioned there on 4 January 1946 and returned to the Maritime Commission on 12 January . Briefly operated by the American Petroleum Transport Corporation as M / V " Sugarland " in 1946 , she was acquired later in the year by the Argentine Navy and commissioned as ARA " Punta Delgada " ( B – 16 ) . She served as part of the Argentine Navy until 1985 , when she burnt and sank .
Yeomanry order of precedence Unlike the British Army , the Territorial Army and with respect to this page , the Yeomanry , has frequently been the subject of amalgamations and absorptions in its history . The subject of precedence within the Yeomanry can sometimes be contentious with debates as to ' who is on the right of the line ' quite commonplace when two or more cap badges are brought together . Precedence is merely a reflection of the current convention regarding the order in which units parade within the British Army . Precedence . The rule for establishing the order of precedence is the date of commission of the first troop of the regiment and its subsequent unbroken service , including both official service and unpaid accepted unpaid service . Disbanded regiments automatically lost precedence . To maintain the order of precedence when the Territorial Army was reorganised in 1969 , some units established a cadre so that they were not completely disbanded . When the cadre - ised unit was subsequently re - established , the unit or more frequently as was the case , sub - unit , could continue to claim an un - broken service . Needless to say , like any good rule , the order of precedence has exceptions . Since 1994 and the Royal Review of Serving Yeomanry Regiments & Yeomanry Old Comrades there have been effectively two orders of precedence in place : Order of precedence from the Army List of 1914 . The first is a list of yeomanry units on the establishment at the outbreak of the First World War and therefore contains units that had been disbanded by the time of The Royal Yeomanry Review . This first list does not contain the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry ( who are an affiliated unit ) , nor the North and South Irish Horse ( who were on the Special Reserve at this time ) . Order of Yeomanry titles on parade . The second order of precedence represents units that were on the establishment of the Territorial Army ( and affiliated to the Territorial Army ) at the time of the review and potentially could indicate the status of contemporary Yeomanry units . Order of precedence in this instance includes the current role of the unit , placing Armoured Corps before Artillery and so on . The approach taken at The Royal Yeomanry Review can be summarised as follows : The following is taken from the last page of the programme printed for The Royal Yeomanry Review . As on that day , the list below has been divided into blocks corresponding to the order in which the units formed and grouped .
30th Airlift Squadron The 30th Airlift Squadron ( 30 AS ) is part of the United States Air Force ' s 19th Airlift Group , and the first active - duty Associate Unit to an Air National Guard unit , working with the 187th Airlift Squadron at Cheyenne Regional Airport , Wyoming . It operates C - 130 Hercules aircraft of its co - located Air Guard unit , conducting tactical airlift missions . History . The 30th ferried bomber s and P - 38 aircraft over the North Atlantic route to England from , August 1942 - August 1943 . It provided air transport for the Atlantic Division of the Military Air Transport Service from , July 1952 - June 1965 and conducted worldwide airlift from , August 1967 including support for operations in Southwest Asia from , August 1990 - June 1991 . On 8 July 2006 the 30th became the first active - duty associate unit partnering with the Wyoming Air National Guard ' s ( WyANG ) 153d Airlift Wing .
Gerhard Thäter Gerhard Thäter ( born 18 November 1916 in Kiel , died 15 February 2004 in Wilhelmshaven ) was a German naval officer . Entering the Kriegsmarine in 1936 he served in the submarine branch and as commander of " U - 466 " and " U - 3506 " saw action during the Second World War . When the Federal Republic of Germany established her own armed forces in 1956 , Thäter joined the German Navy again . In the course of his service he was made Naval Attaché to West Germany ' s embassy at Ottawa , Canada . On 15 February 2004 Thäter died in Wilhelmshaven , Germany . Awards . Gerhard Thäter ' s awards include the German Cross in Gold for repeated acts of bravery , the Iron Cross Second Class , and the U - Boat War Badge .
Center Peel Center Peel , or simply " Peel " for short is a type of retreat practiced by modern - day infantry . This particular tactic is more specifically designed for situations where smaller groups of infantry withdraw from an engagement of a much larger force . In general terms , it is a sloped or diagonal retreat from the enemy . Definition . This tactic was designed with human psychology in mind . It begins with an infantry unit facing off with a larger force of enemies . Once the command is called , the soldiers implement a battle line formation facing into the enemy ' s midst . The soldiers then begin , or continue , to use suppressing fire to delay the enemy ' s attack and advance . Depending on the direction of the retreat , the second to last soldier on the farmost end , opposite the retreating direction , calls out , " Peel one " . Next , the infantryman next to him , on the end of the line , ceases fire , works his way behind the line towards the other side , takes a position one meter diagonally back from the farthest soldier on this side , and resumes suppressing fire . Then , the process repeats with the commands being simplified to " Peel " , the " one " only there to signify the actual start of the tactic , and continues until the party has safely disengaged the target . The slanting motion of the tactic gives the impression of increasing numbers of infantry joining the battle , a psychological move designed to deter the opposition . The slanting motion also has the benefit of keeping open one ' s field of fire . Retreating directly backwards would put the soldier too closely behind his own men , severely limiting his / her field of fire . In the Canadian Army , this technique is referred to as an " Aussie Peelback " . In the Australian Army this tactic is known as " The Tunnel of Love " and is often used as the first part of " Break Contact " drills for small reconnaissance and special forces patrols when encountering larger enemy forces . References in film and literature . The Center Peel tactic was demonstrated in the final gunfight of the 2003 movie , " Tears of the Sun " , where Lieutenant Waters ( Bruce Willis ) directs his men away from a significantly larger group of aggressive Nigerian troops .
Alexandru Papană Alexandru " Alex " Papană ( 18 October 1906 – 17 April 1946 ) was a Romania n - born American aviator and bobsled der who competed from the early 1930s to the late 1940s . Bobsleigh career . Competing for Romania in bobsleigh , he won two medals in the two - man event at the FIBT World Championships with a gold in 1933 and a bronze in 1934 . Papană also competed in two Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of fourth in the two - man event at Lake Placid , New York in 1932 . He retired from bobsledding after the 1936 Winter Olympics . Aviation career . Papană obtained his pilot ' s license in 1928 while in Romania , and was already setting altitude records in 1931 . At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , he competed in gliding ( which was a demonstration sport ) , finishing a respectable 12th as the only representative from Romania . This earned him an invitation to an aerobatics competition in Los Angeles . Papană accepted the offer , and he and his plane , a Bücker Bü 133 B " Jungermeister " ( one of only two versions of that variant ever produced ) with the registration YR - PAX , were flown from Frankfurt , Germany to New York , New York aboard the " Hindenburg " airship in August 1936 . He then flew across the United States from New York to Los Angeles , winning the race between the cities . In Los Angeles , he won the national air races that were held there . In December of that year , Papană finished second with the Jungermeister in a race from Miami , Florida to Havana , Cuba . At an airshow in Cleveland , Ohio the following year , Papană was in a battle with fellow aviator Count Hagenburg that ended up crashing the count ' s aircraft . Papană offered Hagenburg his aircraft , but the count refused . Papană ' s aircraft was damaged on the runway at an airport in Chicago , Illinois in 1940 . The plane was sold twice before being donated to the Smithsonian Institution in 1973 . The aircraft is now located at the Steven F . Udvar - Hazy Center in Chantilly , Virginia . Papană later tested gliders for Northrop as a test pilot , many of his flights being documented in " Flying " magazine . He was involved in the trials for the P - 61 Black Widow aircraft that would be involved during World War II for the United States Army Air Forces . Other activities . Papană was also active in his youth as a goalkeeper , competing for Colţea Bucureşti . Personal life . Papană was born in Bucharest . He was married twice . His first wife Dina in 1938 died while in childbirth on September 5 of that year . He remarried to Jean Hacker on 30 April 1945 , but their marriage in Beverly Hills , California did not go well . He died on 17 April 1946 after abandoning his car 17 miles ( 27 km ) south of Las Vegas , Nevada . Authorities discovered Papană ' s body six days later with a suicide note . Papană died by poisoning .
Cassin - class destroyer Four destroyer s in the United States Navy formed the " Cassin " - class . All served as convoy escorts during World War I . The " Cassin " s were the first of six " second - generation " 1000 - ton four - stack destroyer classes that were front - line ships of the Navy until the 1930s . They were the first to carry the new 4 inch ( 102 mm ) gun . The number of torpedo tubes were doubled from the four carried by the " Paulding " - class to eight . The additional armament significantly increased their tonnage to over 1 , 000 tons and decreased their speed to less than thirty knots ( 56 km / h ) . The " Aylwin " - class was built concurrently , and those four ships are often considered to be " Cassin " s .
Z Force ( Burma ) Z Force was a forward observation force attached to the British General Staff Intelligence that operated in Burma during World War II . Z Force ' s function was to obtain information for the commander of the British Fourteenth Army , General Slim . The Fourteenth Army was engaged in the prolonged Burma Campaign fighting to recapture Burma from the Japanese . Z Force was tasked to obtain information on the size and location of Japanese forces and their logistics ( oil dumps , ammunition depots etc . ) . Z Force did this did this sending intelligence units into Japanese held territory that then relayed the information back to the headquarters of the Fourteenth Army by radio . The intelligence units that went behind enemy lines were made up of expatriates and of Burmese from the Chin , Kachin and Karen peoples . The expatriates , who had worked in Burma before the war and were familiar with the jungle , were all commissioned as officers from captain to colonel . Most had been forest officers or teak foresters before the war , though some were petroleum engineers and some had worked with radio companies . Z force operated for three years , initially penetrating Japanese lines on foot but later on they were parachuted in by the RAF who also resupplied them via parachute drops . The " highly dangerous mission in a war noted for its ferocity and bestiality " were carried out in some of the most difficult jungle terrain in the world . During the campaign Z force personnel were awarded one CBE , two DSO s , four OBE s , four MBE s , seventeen MC s with bar s to two , and sixteen Burma Gallantry Medal s .
USS Badger ( DD - 126 ) USS " Badger " ( DD – 126 ) was a in the United States Navy during World War I . She was named for Commodore Oscar C . Badger . " Badger " was launched 24 August 1918 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation , Camden , New Jersey ; sponsored by Mrs . Henry F . Bryan , granddaughter of Commodore Badger ; commissioned 29 May 1919 , Commander Q . T . Swasey in command ; and reported to the Atlantic Fleet . Service history . Following commissioning , " Badger " steamed to the Mediterranean where she cruised until August 1919 . Upon her return to the east coast , she was assigned to the Pacific Fleet , arriving at San Diego in September . She served at various naval bases on the west coast until May 1922 , when she was placed out of commission . Upon recommissioning in January 1930 , " Badger " served with the Battle Force and Scouting Force in the Pacific . In April 1933 , she returned to the Atlantic and thereafter participated in coastal cruises and reserve training . During 1938 to 1939 , she operated with Special Squadron 4 based at Villefranche , France . Upon her return to Norfolk , she joined Destroyer Division 53 , Patrol Force with additional summer assignments to the Midshipmen Coastal Cruise Detachment . World War II . Between December 1941 and October 1944 , " Badger " operated as a convoy escort in the Atlantic and Caribbean . Twice she escorted convoys to North Africa ( 15 October – 28 November 1943 and 15 February – 24 March 1944 ) , and for a brief period ( 27 June – 1 September 1943 ) she served as a unit of anti - submarine hunter killer groups 21 . 12 and 21 . 16 . In October 1944 , " Badger " transited the Panama Canal and conducted anti submarine training off Balboa , Canal Zone . Between 15 November 1944 and 20 June 1945 , " Badger " served with the Anti - Submarine Development Detachment , Port Everglades , Florida , conducting anti - submarine development exercises . She arrived at Philadelphia 22 June 1945 and was decommissioned 20 July . She was sold 30 November 1945 . Awards . " Badger " received one battle star while operating with TG 21 . 12 .
Army of Italy ( France ) The Army of Italy ( ) was a Field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself . Though it existed in some form in the 16th century through to the present , it is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars ( in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte , during his Italian campaign ) and Napoleonic Wars . History . Bonaparte ' s reforms . Poorly supplied ( uniforms and shoes were rare ) , and only getting reinforcements irregularly , the Army of Italy was sometimes reduced to looting to survive . When Bonaparte arrived ( he took up the role on March 27 ) , indiscipline was rife . Chouan songs were sung by the troops , and a company of the Dauphin was formed . All the while improving the supply system as much as possible , Bonaparte also reestablished discipline . He condemned officers who had cried " Vive le roi ! " , ( English : " Live the king ! " ) , dismissed the 13th regiment of hussards for indiscipline and dissolved an entire regiment when it revolted at the end of March . Purged in this way , the Army of Italy was subsequently the most Jacobin of all the French armies . Its first victories improved things - allowing better resupply and easing pay problems through " war contributions " from the conquered lands - but memoirs ( though not official communiques ) speak of individual or collective failures right up to 1797 . Reserve army . Much of the original Armée d ' Italie became the Army of Egypt . Another army , originally called the armée de Réserve , was formed at Dijon on 8 March 1800 ( 17 ventôse year VIII ) and took the title Armée d ' Italie on 23 June 1800 ( 4 messidor year VIII ) when it was merged with the remains of the original Armée d ' Italie . The new army ' s first commander was Masséna , followed by Bonaparte ( as First Consul and " Commander in person " ) and général Berthier ( its ' Général en chef ' from 2 April to 23 June 1800 ) It was under Berthier that this army beat the Austrians at the battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 ( 25 prairial year 8 ) .
William B . Rosson General William Bradford Rosson ( August 25 , 1918 – December 12 , 2004 ) commanded the U . S . Army , Pacific from October 1970 to January 1973 . He was commissioned in 1940 through ROTC and saw combat in World War II , earning the Distinguished Service Cross for valor on the Anzio Beachhead in Italy . He also fought in North Africa , Sicily , France , and Germany . Rosson obtained his bachelors degree in Business Administration from the University of Oregon . After retirement from the military he earned a Master of Letters degree in International Relations from New College , Oxford University in England . His military schooling includes the U . S . Army War College and the National War College . Major command experience for Rosson includes Commanding General for Task Force Oregon ( Provisional ) , Commanding General for I Field Force , and Commanding General , Provisional Corps , for the U . S . Military Assistance Command , Vietnam . Later he was Deputy Commander for the same command . Rosson concluded his career as Commander in Chief of the United States Southern Command in Quarry Heights , Panama Canal Zone . Additional assignments include serving in General Eisenhower ' s NATO headquarters in Paris , and duty with the French Forces in Vietnam in 1954 . Because of this experience , he was valuable to General Westmoreland as Chief of Staff for the U . S . Military Assistance Command in Vietnam . Rosson also served as Director of the Plans and Policy Directorate , J5 , for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington , D . C . . In addition to the Distinguished Service Cross , the nation ' s second highest decoration for valor , General Rosson ' s awards include the Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star , and the Purple Heart . He died on August 12 , 2004 of a heart attack in his home in Salem , Virginia . Rosson was buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Bourlon Bourlon is a commune in the Pas - de - Calais department in the Nord - Pas - de - Calais region in northern France . Geography . A farming village located 22 miles ( 35 km ) southeast of Arras on the D16 road , just yards from the A26 autoroute .
Military Division of the Pacific The Military Division of the Pacific was a major command ( Department ) of the United States Army during the later 19th century . Formation . On July 27 , 1865 the Military Division of the Pacific was created under Major General Henry W . Halleck , replacing the Department of the Pacific , consisting of the Department of the Columbia that now consisted of the state of Oregon and the territories of Washington and Idaho and the expanded Department of California that now consisted of the states of California and Nevada and the Territory of New Mexico and Territory of Arizona . Headquarters for the Division of the Pacific and the Department of California remained in the City of San Francisco . Events within the Division of the Pacific . On March 18 , 1868 , the Army established the Department of Alaska under the Division of the Pacific . Department of Alaska was discontinued on July 1 , 1870 , and Alaska was absorbed by the Department of the Columbia . The Department of Arizona was established under the Division of the Pacific on April 15 , 1870 . It consisted of Arizona Territory and California south of a line from the northwest corner of Arizona to Point Conception so as to include most of Southern California . From December 7 , 1871 , the one general officer at San Francisco commanded both the Division of the Pacific and the Department of California and the separate staffs were consolidated into one . On July 1 , 1878 , Division of the Pacific headquarters moved from San Francisco to the Presidio of San Francisco . In June 1875 , the part of the Territory of Idaho that lay east of the extension of the western boundary of Utah , and including Fort Hall , was detached from the Department of Columbia and added to the Department of the Platte . On July 1 , 1876 Gen . Irvin McDowell , formerly commander of the Department of the Pacific was for a second time assigned to the command of the Pacific coast Division , which comprised also the Department of the Columbia , commanded by Brig . Gen . Oliver O . Howard , and the Department of Arizona , commanded by Col . O . B . Willcox , 12th Infantry Regiment . The Department of Arizona lost Southern California on February 14 , 1883 , but regained California south of the 35th parallel on December 15 , 1886 . The Department of California , consisted of California north of the 35th parallel and Nevada . On November 30 , 1885 , the New Mexico Territory transferred from the Department of the Missouri to the Department of Arizona , coming under the Division of the Pacific . Early in 1887 the headquarters of the Division of the Pacific , failed to secure an appropriation for a suitable administration building and moved from the Presidio of San Francisco back to the City of San Francisco . End of the Military Division of the Pacific . The Military Division of the Pacific was discontinued on July 3 , 1891 . Each of the three subordinate departments of Arizona , California , and the Columbia , then reported directly to the War Department . The Department of California , with its headquarters at San Francisco , consisted of California north of the 35th parallel and Nevada .