naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
American War Mothers The American War Mothers was founded in 1917 and given a Congressional charter on February 24 , 1925 . It is a perpetual patriotic , 501 ( c ) 4 non - profit , non - political , non - sectarian , non - partisan organization whose members are mothers of children who have served or are serving in the Armed Services during a time of conflict . National President : LaVerna Capes
Convoy OG 69 OG . 69 was a North Atlantic convoy of the OG series which ran during World War II from Milford Haven to Gibraltar Escorts . The convoy was protected by the following escorts : - U - Boats . The convoy was initially located by German Naval signals intelligence ( B - Dienst ) , then visual confirmation was provided by a Focke - Wulf Fw200 aircraft . 8 boats were directed to intercept the convoy , with the assistance of the Luftwaffe aircraft .
Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System The Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System ( SRDRS ) is a remotely operated underwater vehicle and its associated systems intended to replace the Mystic class deep submergence rescue vehicle for the United States Navy . Based on the Royal Australian Navy Submarine rescue vehicle Remora , the system is capable of rapidly deploying to a designated location , mounting to a vessel of opportunity , detecting and preparing the area around a downed submarine and submerging to great depths ( 2000 ft / 600m ) to give aid and retrieve members of its crew . The SDRS then allows for the decompression of the crew .
Dankwarderode Castle Dankwarderode Castle ( ) on the " Burgplatz " ( " castle square " ) in Braunschweig ( Brunswick ) is a Saxon lowland castle . It was the residence of the Brunswick dukes for centuries and , today , is part of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum . Construction and history of use . Dankwarderode Castle was built between c . 1160 and 1175 as the " Pfalz " of Duke Henry the Lion on an island in the river Oker . Next to the castle , construction of Brunswick Cathedral began in 1173 . The castle lost its military significance as a defensive structure early , when it became surrounded completely by the growing city . During the 15th century , the dukes of Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel moved their " Residenz " out of the city and to the nearby town of Wolfenbüttel . In 1616 the castle keep was reconstructed in the renaissance style , while the rest of the castle was demolished or left to decay . During the 19th century , the castle keep served as a barrack , plans to demolish it completely were stopped by public protests in 1873 . The present structure was rebuilt in 1887 by Ludwig Winter , based on archeological investigations . Today the ground floor of Dankwarderode Castle houses the permanent collection of Medieval objects of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum .
Battle of Brumath The Battle of Brumath in AD 356 was part of Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate ' s campaigns against the Germanic tribes . Following the Battle of Reims , Julian ' s forces pursued several Germanic war bands through the Gallic countryside . Outside Brumath , one war band met Julian in open battle and the Romans were victorious . Although casualties were not numerous , the Germanic defeat was sufficiently great to have a deterrent effect on other tribal groups in the area , and to partially restore order .
Pothos Argyros ( 11th century ) Pothos Argyros ( also Argyrus ; ) was the catepan of Italy during the eventful years of 1029 to 1031 . Pothos replaced Christophoros Burgaris as catepan and immediately had to deal with new Saracen assaults . In 1031 , he was defeated at Cassano allo Ionio and replaced by Michael Protospatharios .
96th Test Group The 96th Test Group is a United States Air Force unit , based at Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico . It is a Geographically Separated Unit ( GSU ) , assigned to the 96th Test Wing , Eglin Air Force Base , Florida . Overview . The Test Group ' s function is to operate test facilities for high speed sled track testing , navigation and guidance system testing , radar signature measurements , weapon systems flight testing , and Air Force Liaison for all AF programs tested at White Sands Missile Range ( WSMR ) . The Group consists of 90 authorized military , 239 authorized civilians , and 161 authorized contractor personnel with two - thirds of these being scientists , engineers , and technicians . History . Established as replacement for the 46th Test Group , which was inactivated due to an administrative reorganization . Assumed personnel and equipment of the inactivated unit .
Yakovlev Yak - 32 The Yakovlev Yak - 32 ( NATO reporting name Mantis ) was a single - seat version of the Yakovlev Yak - 30 ( 1960 ) , and was claimed by the OKB to be the world ' s first sporting aircraft with an ejection seat . This version was designated as Yak - 104PS . Neither the Yak - 30 or the Yak - 32 entered production . Design and development . Developed concurrently with the Yak - 30 , the Yak - 32 was a single - seat aircraft designed as both a sporting jet , and a light military ground attack aircraft . The airframe of the Yak - 32 was that of the Yak - 30 , but modified to include only a single seat . Yakovlev had intended to market the aircraft as a sporting jet at a time when no other single - seat jet aircraft was being market for civilian use . In fact , it would not be until the introduction of the jet version of the Bede BD - 5 in the 1970s that another sport aircraft like the Yak - 32 was offered . Even in the 21st century single - seat sporting jets are rarely offered by manufacturers . The light attack version of the Yak - 32 was designated as Yak - 32Sh , and was planned to include more sophisticated avionics than the Yak - 32 . It could also carry external fuel and weapons loads , including a ZB - 500 or ZB - 360 external fuel tank , bombs of up to 500 kg , up to four rocket launchers ( the largest being the UB - 32 / S - 5 ) , up to four K - 13 / R - 3S missiles , four ARS - 240 rockets , or four AOI - 9 or UKP - 23 gun pods , each with 250 rounds . On 5 August 1971 , one of the Yak - 32 was ordered to be equipped with RU19P - 300 which has been modified to permit longer inverted flight . The aircraft received the designation Yak - 32P . Flight evaluation of the aircraft was just as good as the original Yak - 32 . Operational history . Three Yak - 32 prototypes were built in 1960 - 1961 at the same time as the four prototype Yak - 30s trainers . They had callsigns 32 , 60 and 70 . The aircraft 30 and 70 gave aerobatic demonstrations at that 1961 Aviation Day at Tushino . They went on to set several world class records ( their thrust being misreported to the FAI as 800 kg ) . The ASCC allocated the name " Mantis " to the Yak - 32 / Yak - 104 .
David Vivian Currie David Vivian Currie , VC , CD ( 8 July 1912 – 20 June 1986 ) , was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Biography . Born in Sutherland , Saskatchewan , Currie was educated at King George Public School , the Central Collegiate and Moose Jaw Technical School . He was trained as an automobile mechanic and welder . In 1939 he joined the militia , before joining the Regular Army the following year . He was commissioned as a lieutenant shortly afterwards , before being promoted to captain in 1941 . By 1944 he had reached the rank of major . Currie was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions in command of a battle group of tanks from The South Alberta Regiment , artillery , and infantry of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada at St . Lambert - sur - Dives , during the final actions to close the Falaise Gap . This was the only Victoria Cross awarded to a Canadian soldier during the Normandy campaign ( 6 June 1944 through to the end of August 1944 ) , and the only VC ever awarded to a member of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The then 32 year - old Currie was a Major in The South Alberta Regiment , Canadian Army during the Second World War . During the Battle of Falaise , Normandy , between 18 – 20 August 1944 , Currie was in command of a small mixed force of tanks , self - propelled anti - tank guns and infantry which had been ordered to cut off one of the Germans ' main escape routes . After Currie led the attack on the village of St . Lambert - sur - Dives and consolidated a position halfway inside it , he repulsed repeated enemy attacks over the next day and a half . Despite heavy casualties , Major Currie destroyed seven enemy tanks , twelve 88 mm gun s and 40 vehicles , which led to the deaths of 300 German soldiers , 500 wounded and 2 , 100 captured . The remnants of two German armies were denied an escape route . Currie later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel . After his military career , he served as Sergeant at Arms in the Canadian House of Commons from 1960 to 1978 . He died in 1986 and was buried at Greenwood Cemetery , Owen Sound , Ontario . The armoury in Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan has since been named the " Lt . Colonel D . V . Currie Armoury " in his honour . Currie Avenue in the Montgomery Place neighborhood of Saskatoon was named in his honor .
Berthold Graßmuck Berthold Graßmuck ( 13 January 1917 – 18 October 1942 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Berthold Graßmuck was shot down by Soviet flak on 18 October 1942 over Pitomnik Airfield during the Battle of Stalingrad . During his career he was credited with 65 victories .
Battle of Korsuń Battle of Korsun ( , ) , ( May 26 , 1648 ) was the second significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising . Near the site of the present - day city of Korsun - Shevchenkivskyi in central Ukraine , a numerically superior force of Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Tugay Bey attacked and defeated Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Hetmans Mikołaj Potocki and Marcin Kalinowski . As in the previous battle at Zhovti Vody , the outmanned Commonwealth forces took a defensive position , retreated , and were thoroughly routed by the opposing force . Before the battle . On May 16 , 1648 , Bohdan Khmelnytsky ' s forces overwhelmed and defeated Commonwealth forces under the command of Stefan Potocki at the Battle of Zhovti Vody . Stefan ' s father , Grand Crown Hetman Mikołaj Potocki , was unable to send reinforcements in time to relieve him ; however , with the number of defections from the force that was sent to fight Khmelnytsky ( over 5 , 000 Registered Cossacks switched their allegiance ) , it is doubtful that the reinforcements could have helped defeat the combined Cossack and Tatar army of 15 , 000 . With reinforcements only 100 km away when that battle ended , Mikołaj Potocki signaled a retreat to a fortified camp near the present - day city of Korsun - Shevchenkivskyi . There the combined forces ( about 6 , 000 men ) of both Field Crown Hetman Marcin Kalinowski and Great Crown Hetman Mikołaj Potocki awaited to repulse the enemy . Khmelnytsky left the Battle of Zhovti Vody and moved to his base at Chyhyryn with his new recruits . After stopping there , he continued on towards the Commonwealth ' s encampment . The battle . The Commonwealth forces repulsed the first assault , but upon seeing the numerical advantage of their enemies , and possibly hearing the Cossack rumors that an entire Crimean army was following behind Khmelnytsky , Hetman Potocki ordered the retreat . This proved to be disastrous , as Khmelnytsky had ordered his First Polkovnyk ( colonel ) Maxym Kryvonis ( " Crooked - nose " or " Perebyinis " ) to prepare disguised traps and trenches ahead of the retreating forces . The resulting chaos as the Commonwealth ' s forces entered an impenetrable valley allowed Khmelnytsky ' s Cossack forces to flank them from both sides , quickly slaughtering whole divisions . Only about 1 , 000 - 1 , 500 of the Commonwealth forces ( under a Colonel Korycki ) managed to escape . Both Hetmans were taken prisoner of war by the Tatars , and the rest of the army was either captured or killed . Aftermath . The Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth was left without a military commander , and Khmelnytsky continued his uprising , marshaling his forces westward .
143rd Battalion ( British Columbia Bantams ) , CEF The 143rd ( B . C . Bantams ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Victoria , British Columbia , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 throughout British Columbia . After sailing to England in February 1917 , the battalion was absorbed into the 1st and 24th Reserve Battalions , and the Canadian Railway Troops in March 1917 . The 143rd ( B . C . Bantams ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . A . B . Powley .
Charles Ezra Sprague Charles Ezra Sprague ( October 9 , 1842 – March 21 , 1912 ) was an American accountant , born in Nassau , Rensselaer County , New York . He was known as a Civil War hero , and as a proponent of the constructed language Volapük , for which he authored the first major textbook in English , " " ( 1888 ) , as well as an early organizer of the accounting profession . During the Civil War , Sprague served in the 44th New York Infantry , seeing action at the Battle of Gettysburg , where his unit was instrumental in helping repulse attacks on Little Round Top . The New York State Archives stores a lengthy article Sprague wrote on his military service . He was president of both the New York Institute of Accounts and the Union Dime Savings Bank ( which later became the Dime Savings Bank ) . Later in life , he was involved in the movement for reform of English spelling as part of the Simplified Spelling Board , of which he was the first treasurer . He was heavily involved in the development of the first state certification of accountants in the United States . In 1953 he was inducted into Ohio State University ' s Accounting Hall of Fame . Sprague was the maternal grandfather of science fiction author L . Sprague de Camp .
French submarine Eurydice ( S644 ) Eurydice was a French submarine , one of nine of the " Daphné " class . On 4 March 1970 , while diving in calm seas off Cape Camarat in the Mediterranean , 35 miles east of Toulon , a geophysical laboratory picked up the shock waves of an underwater explosion . French and Italian search teams found an oil slick and a few bits of debris , including a parts tag that bore the name " Eurydice " . The cause of the explosion was never determined . All 57 crew were lost .
Samuel Grashio Samuel C . Grashio ( died 1999 ) was a United States Army Air Forces pilot who was captured by the Japanese in World War II . He survived the Bataan Death March and participated in the only successful mass escape from a Japanese prison camp . Grashio was born and raised in Spokane , Washington . He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in September 1940 . After training , he was sent to the Philippines , arriving in Manila on November 20 , 1941 , to join the 24th Pursuit Group ' s 21st Pursuit Squadron as a second lieutenant . On December 8 , the same day as the attack on Pearl Harbor ( on the other side of the International Date Line ) , he flew from Nichols Field to engage in aerial combat against the Japanese in his Curtis P - 40E fighter airplane . Along with the rest of the 24th Group , he ended up at Bataan , where he flew the last combat mission on April 8 , 1942 . The Battle of Bataan ended the next day with an Allied surrender . Grashio joined the other prisoners of war in the infamous Bataan Death March . He was imprisoned first at Camp O ' Donnell , north of Manila . Two months later , he was transferred to a camp at Cabanatuan . Finally , in October , he was among 1000 prisoners judged fit to work ; they were moved to a lumber camp on Mindanao ( Davao Region ) to engage in manual labor . Grashio and his squadron commander , Lieutenant Ed Dyess , eight other Americans , and two Filipinos escaped into the jungle on Sunday , April 4 , 1943 . One of the other Americans was USMC Lt . Jack Hawkins , who had organized the escape . After wandering for three days in the swamp , they contacted a band of Filipino guerrillas . They then joined the Mindanao guerrillas under the command of Lt . Col . Wendell Fertig . Over the course of the next few months , seven of the men were transported a few at a time by submarine to Australia while three stayed behind to continue fighting with the guerrillas . One of these , an Army Air Corps engineering officer by the name of Leo Boelens , was eventually killed by the Japanese . Grashio was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the Silver Star with cluster during the war . He rose to the rank of colonel before retiring in 1965 . He then became the assistant to the President of Gonzaga University in Spokane . He co - authored " Return to Freedom : The War Memoirs of Colonel Samuel C . Grashio U . S . A . F . " ( 1982 , ISBN 0 - 912958 - 20 - 0 ) with Bernard Nordling . He died in 1999 . He was survived by his wife Devonia and at least one son , Sam .
Schlachtgeschwader 10 Schlachtgeschwader 10 ( SG 10 ) was a Luftwaffe Close air support – wing of World War II . The Geschwader was formed on 18 October 1943 in Berdychiv from the Stab of Schnellkampfgeschwader 10 . SG 10 was formed in October 1943 with I . " Gruppe " ( I . / SG 10 ) formed from I . / Schnellkampfgeschwader 2 , II . Gruppe ( II . / SG 10 ) from IV . / Schnellkampfgeschwader 10 and III . Gruppe ( III . / SG 10 ) from II . / Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 . SG 10 was posted in December 1943 to Southern Russia for ground attack operations with Luftflotte 4 , based at Belaya Tserkov and with III Gruppe at Lisiatycze . In March 1944 Stab , I . and II . Gruppen moved to Rsuchowka , and in April to Tiraspol . In May 1944 Stab and II . Gruppe returned to Leipzig for re - equipment , while III . Gruppe relocated to Markersdorf . In June 1944 SG 10 flew operations over Central Russia under the command of Luftflotte 6 , with Stab and III . Group based at Dokudowo derving 4 . Fliegerdivision , and I . Group at Bobruisk with 1 . Fliegerdivision . II . / SG 10 were based at Culm in southern Russia assigned to I . Fliegerkorps . By July 1944 III . Group were at Lezanie , I . Group Sudauen , II . Group at Radon with 1 . Fliegerdivision . In August 1944 III . Group was relocated to Focşani . In September 1944 Stab and II . Group were switched to Bielice under 1 . Fliegerdivision , I . Group to Insterburg with 1 . Fliegerdivision and III . Group to Görgényoroszfalu , Hungary During 1944 , besides intensive ground attack operations , the unit also claimed over 140 Soviet aircraft shot down , Obfw . Bernhard Johannes claiming at least 11 of a personal total of 17 before his death in July 1944 , while Oblt . Manfred Goetze claimed 12 during the year for a total of 16 ( in over 800 sorties ) , before being killed by Soviet AA fire on 4 January 1945 . Oblt . Norbert Schmidt claimed 12 kills ( of 30 ) before being posted missing on 26 March 1945 during air combat . Until 1945 missions continued to be flown from southeast Hungary with Luftflotte 4 . In February 1945 Stab , I . Group and II . Group was based at Totvascony , and III . Gruppe at Papa . See also . Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II
Albert Beyer Albert Beyer ( June 13 , 1859 – October 29 , 1929 ) was a United States Navy Coxswain received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Cienfuegos during the Spanish - American War . He was one of 52 sailors and Marines awarded the Medal for actions during that battle . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Coxswain , United States Navy . Born : June 13 , 1859 , Hanover , Germany . Entered Service At : Boston , Mass . G . O . No . : 521 , July 7 , 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the cutting of the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , May 11 , 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Beyer set an example of extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
Xiangyun Airport Xiangyun Airport is an airport , located west of Xiangyun ( Yunnan Provience ) in the People ’ s Republic of China . Its status is undetermined and it may be closed . History . During World War II , the airport was known as Yunnani ( Siangyun ) Airfield and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Fourteenth Air Force as part of the China Defensive Campaign beginning in September 1944 . The airfield was primarily used by transport ( C - 46 Commando , C - 47 Skytrain ) squadrons arriving from India after flying over " the Hump " . The transport aircraft unloaded supplies and equipment for the Chinese forces , primarily being food and ammunition . In addition , USAAF F - 4 ( P - 38 Lightning ) aircraft flew combat reconnaissance missions over Japanese - held areas from the airport in late 1944 and early 1945 . The Americans closed their facilities at the airport in July 1945 .
Battle of Camp Wildcat The Battle of Camp Wildcat ( also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp Wild Cat ) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil War . It occurred October 21 , 1861 , in northern Laurel County , Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive . The battle is considered one of the very first Union victories , and marked the second engagement of troops in the Commonwealth of Kentucky . Background . Brig . Gen . Felix Zollicoffer ' s Confederates moved from Tennessee in an effort to push from Cumberland Gap into central Kentucky and gain control of the important border state . Zollicoffer with some 5 , 400 men occupied Cumberland Gap and took position at the Cumberland Ford ( near present day Pineville ) to counter the Unionist activity in the area . He readily brushed aside home guard troops near Barbourville in a what is now known as the Battle of Barbourville . Alarmed by the Confederate incursion , Brig . Gen . George H . Thomas sent a detachment under Col . Theophilus T . Garrard from Camp Dick Robinson at Lancaster to secure the ford on the Rockcastle River , establish a camp at the heavily forested Wildcat Mountain , and obstruct the Wilderness Road passing through the area . Colonel Garrard informed Thomas that if he did not receive reinforcements , he would have to retreat because he was outnumbered seven to one . Thomas sent Brig . Gen . Albin F . Schoepf with what amounted to a brigade of men to Colonel Garrard , bringing the total force to about 7 , 000 . The Union general awaited the Confederate troops who had to pass the stronghold to proceed into central Kentucky . Battle . The two sides clashed in a brisk battle in the late afternoon of October 20 , 1861 . On the morning of October 21 , soon after Schoepf arrived , some of his men moved forward and ran into Confederate forces , commencing an intense firefight . The Federals repelled repeated Confederate attacks , in part due to fortifications , both man - made and natural . The Confederates withdrew during the night and continued their retreat to Cumberland Ford , which they reached on October 26 . A Union victory was welcomed . Aftermath . Schoepf reported 4 Union soldiers killed and 18 wounded in the Battle of Camp Wildcat . Zollicoffer reported 11 Confederates killed and 42 wounded or missing . Battlefield . The battlefield , about nine miles northwest of modern day London , Kentucky , is located on land held by the Daniel Boone National Forest and is in private hands . The Confederate Monument at Crab Orchard miles to the west memorializes some of the Confederates that died at the battle .