naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Joe Darby Sergeant Joseph M . Darby ( born c . 1979 ) is a former U . S . Army Reservist known as the whistleblower in the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal . Darby is a graduate of North Star High School , near his hometown at the time , Jenners , Pennsylvania . At the time , Darby served as an M . P . at the Abu Ghraib prison , in Abu Ghraib , Iraq . After learning of the abuse , Darby was the first person to take steps to alert the U . S . military command . Disclosure of abuses at Abu Ghraib . In January 2004 , Darby provided 2 compact discs of photographs to Special Agent Tyler Pieron of the U . S . Army Criminal Investigation Command , who was stationed at Abu Ghraib Prison , triggering an investigation that led to the implication of several soldiers violating the Geneva Convention . Darby initially wanted to remain anonymous , and had been assured of anonymity — he and those implicated all served in the 372nd Military Police Company , but became known after Donald Rumsfeld publicly named him during a Senate hearing . Darby had agonized for a month beforehand , but finally decided to blow the whistle on his former friends explaining " It violated everything I personally believed in and all I ' d been taught about the rules of war . " He had known Lynndie England , one of the most well - known suspects , since basic training . He testified that he had received the photos from Charles Graner , another soldier in the photographs . Reactions . The disclosure was not received well by the community in which Darby and his wife , Bernadette , were living in Maryland . They have been shunned by friends and neighbors , their property has been vandalized , and they now reside in protective military custody at an undisclosed location . Bernadette said , " We did not receive the response I thought we would . People were , they were mean , saying he was a walking dead man , he was walking around with a bull ' s - eye on his head . It was scary . " On the other hand , CBS reports that former neighbors from one of his childhood homes in Pennsylvania were proud of him . Darby has also said that soldiers in his unit shook his hand afterward . Recognition . On May 7 , 2004 , Darby was profiled as the " Person of the Week " by anchor Peter Jennings on , and in December 2004 , he was selected as one of three ABC News " People of the Year " . He was profiled and interviewed by Anderson Cooper on the December 10 , 2006 broadcast of " 60 Minutes " ( the segment was aired again on June 24 , 2007 ) . Darby received a John F . Kennedy Profile in Courage Award on May 16 , 2005 , in recognition of his courage in exposing the abuses at Abu Ghraib . Darby also received a personal letter from Donald Rumsfeld , asking him to stop talking about how his identity had been disclosed by Rumsfeld despite receiving assurances of anonymity from military command . External links . News clips
No . 164 Squadron RAF No . 164 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was a fighter squadron during the Second World War composed of Argentine volunteers . Background . No . 164 Squadron RAF was originally founded on 1 June 1918 , but never received aircraft and was disbanded on 4 July 1918 . The squadron was reformed at Peterhead , Aberdeenshire , on 6 April 1942 , as a fighter squadron initially equipped with Spitfire Mk VAs , becoming operational in early May . Around 600 Argentine volunteers , mostly of Anglo - Argentine descent , joined the British and Canadian Air Forces , many in the 164 Argentine - British RAF squadron , which motto was " Firmes volamos " ( Determined We Fly ) and its insignia was a British lion in front of a rising sun representing Argentina . Some pilots adorned the side of their aircraft with a picture of a popular Argentine cartoon character called Patoruzú , an indigenous Indian with incredible strength . In January 1943 the squadron moved to South Wales to train as a ground - attack unit , where it was equipped with Hawker Hurricane s . Operations against enemy shipping and coastal targets began in June 1943 . After providing support for the landing forces from southern England , using Hawker Typhoon s , the squadron moved to France in July 1944 . During the Battle of Normandy , No . 164 used its rockets against enemy armour in the battle area and after the breakout moved forward through northern France and Belgium in support of the 21st Army Group . The squadron was renumbered No . 63 Squadron RAF on 31 August 1946 .
43rd Infantry Regiment ( France ) The 43rd Infantry Regiment ( ) was a French infantry regiment . It was created on 13 March 1638 under the Ancien Régime under the name Régiment des vaisseaux , as one of many regiments created to serve on board naval ships and in the colonies - all such regiments were , in 1791 , given a number in the line - infantry order of battle , meaning that they could be considered historically as the " ancestors " of the naval infantry regiments ( see 107th Infantry Regiment ( France ) ) . The 43rd fought with distinction at and .
Tubilustrium In Ancient Rome the month of March was the traditional start of the campaign season , and the Tubilustrium was a ceremony to make the army fit for war . The ceremony involved sacred trumpets called " tubae " . Johannes Quasten , however , argues that the common term for war trumpets being " tubae " is not the same as the " tubi " form here . He states that " tubi " was only used for trumpets used in sacrifices and goes on to show how this ceremony was a feast to cleanse and purify the trumpets used in sacrifices - it is a good example , he argues , of the special connection between music and cult in Roman ritual . The festival was held on March 23 , the last day of the Quinquatria festival held in tribute to the Roman God Mars and Nerine , a Sabine goddess . The event took place again on May 23 . The ceremony was held in Rome in a building called the Hall of the Shoemakers ( " atrium sutorium " ) and involved the sacrifice of a ewe lamb . Romans who did not attend the ceremony would be reminded of the occasion by seeing the Salii dancing through the streets of the city .
Prince Friedrich of Saxe - Meiningen Prince Friedrich of Saxe - Meiningen , Duke of Saxony ( Full given names : " Friedrich Johann Bernhard Hermann Heinrich Moritz " ; 12 October 1861 - 23 August 1914 ) was a German soldier and member of the Ducal House of Saxe - Meiningen . Birth and university . Prince Friedrich was born in Meiningen the second son of Georg II , Duke of Saxe - Meiningen and his second wife Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe - Langenburg , a descendant of Diego Velázquez . Prince Friedrich attended the University of Bonn where unusually for a royal prince he refused to accept an adjutant or maintain a horse and carriage . At university due to his royal status he was a member of the exclusive " Borussia " student dueling corps . Although the future William II , German Emperor was a prominent member , Prince Friedrich was not active in the group , rarely attending meetings , instead preferring to shun social life in favour of concentrating on his studies . He narrowly escaped serious injury at Bonn when a retort blew up near him during a chemical experiment . Army and death . After finishing his studies Prince Friedrich entered into the army . Just as he had at university while a Lieutenant in Strassbourg he was not an active member of society focusing on the study of artillery . He was promoted to Colonel in 1902 , Brigadier General in 1907 and Major General in 1910 before retiring from the army in 1913 . With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 , Prince Friedrich , despite suffering a broken arm a short while before hand , returned to active service . Prince Friedrich met his death fighting in Namur during the invasion of Belgium . His son Prince Georg travelled to meet his fathers regiment to discover his father ' s fate . He discovered his father had been struck by shrapnel or machine gun bullets when he left a house he was using as an observation post . His body was returned to Meiningen for burial . Marriage and issue . Prince Friedrich married Countess Adelaide of Lippe - Biesterfeld ( later Princess of Lippe ) , daughter of Count Ernst of Lippe - Biesterfeld , in Neudorf on 24 April 1889 . The dynastic status of the marriage of Friedrich and Adelaide was questioned during the Lippe succession dispute when it was argued that if Adelaide ' s brother , Leopold , was excluded from the Lippe succession on the grounds that their great - grandmother , Modeste von Unruh , was not of equal birth , then the children of Friedrich and Adelaide should be excluded from the Saxe - Meiningen succession on the same grounds . Prince Friedrich and Princess Adelaide had six children who were full members of the Ducal House of Saxe - Meiningen :
USS Henry W . Tucker ( DE - 377 ) The first USS " Henry W . Tucker " ( DE - 377 ) was a proposed United States Navy that was never completed . " Henry W . Tucker " was laid down at Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas , during World War II . However , her construction was cancelled on 6 June 1944 . The name " Henry W . Tucker " was reassigned to destroyer USS " Henry W . Tucker " ( DD - 875 ) .
Tran Van Hai Brigadier General Trần Văn Hai was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam . He was born in Can Tho . Military service . In 1951 , Hai graduated from the Dalat Military Academy , Class 7 . In 1968 , he was commanding the Ranger Branch Command , directly supervising the Ranger ' s raid to clear the enemy force that infiltrated into the business quarter of Cho Lon area . He was then assigned National Police Chief . He was the commander of the 7th Infantry Division at Dong Tam , near My Tho . In 1970 , he was commander , Special Tactical Area 44 , before commanding the 7th Division . He was renowned for being incorruptible , outspoken and brave . He won the adoration of everyone who once worked with him . On April 30 , 1975 , at midnight he committed suicide at the Division Headquarters , Dong Tam Army Base .
Northern Wedding Northern Wedding was a NATO Cold War naval military exercise , designed to test NATO ' s ability to rearm and resupply Europe during times of war . In 1978 , it was described as being ' conducted every four years ' , but by the mid 1980s , Exercise Ocean Safari was being run in odd - numbered years , ' every other year , alternating with Northern Wedding . '
Toqui Toqui ( Mapudungun for " axe " or " axe - bearer " ) is a title conferred by the Mapuche ( an indigenous Chilean people ) on those chosen as leaders during times of war . The toqui is chosen in an assembly or parliament ( " coyag " ) of the chieftains ( lonco s ) of various clans ( Rehue s ) or confederation of clans ( Aillarehue s ) , allied during the war at hand . The toqui commanded strict obedience of all the warriors and their loncos during the war , would organize them into units and appoint leaders over them . This command would continue until the toqui was killed , abdicated ( Cayancaru ) , was deposed in another parliament ( as in the case of Lincoyan , for poor leadership ) , or upon completion of the war for which he was chosen . Some of the more famous Toqui in the Arauco War with the Spanish introduced tactical innovations . For example Lautaro introduced infantry tactics to defeat horsemen . Lemucaguin was the first Toqui to use firearms and artillery in battle . Nongoniel was the first Toqui to use cavalry with the Mapuche army . Cadeguala was the first to successfully use Mapuche cavalry to defeat Spanish cavalry in battle . Anganamón was the first to mount his infantry to keep up with his fast - moving cavalry . Lientur pioneered the tactic of numerous and rapid " malón s " into Spanish territory . The greatest of the Toqui was the older Paillamachu , who developed the strategy , patiently organized and trained his forces and then with his two younger Vice Toqui , Pelantaro and Millacolquin , carried out the Great Revolt of 1598 - 1604 which finally expelled the Spanish from Araucania . List of Mapuche Toquis . The following Mapuche leaders were at some time named as toquis : † Killed in battle or † † executed for rebellion or @ assassinated .
Relizane Airport Relizane Airport is a civilian airport in Algeria , located 12 . 5 KM West - Northwest of Zemmora ( Relizane ) ; about 235 km west - southwest of Algeria . It is used by general aviation , with no scheduled commercial air service . World War II . During World War II , it was a major Twelfth Air Force base of operations during the North African Campaign against the German Afrika Korps , used by the 60th Troop Carrier Group , flying C - 47 Skytrain aircraft from the field between 27 November 1942 and May 1943 .
Conn ( nautical ) The conn , also spelled con , cun , conne , cond , conde , and cund , is the act of controlling a ship ' s movements while at sea . The following quote summarizes the use of the term : Within the U . S . Navy , the captain of a vessel typically selects a junior officer to perform the role of conning for him or her . Such an individual has the title of " Officer of the Deck " ( abbreviated " OOD " ) or " the conning officer " while on duty , and he or she will stand watches at four - hour intervals carrying out the captain ' s commands . However , the captain can immediately take the conn by simply issuing an order to the helm . It should also be noted that on Navy ships , neither the ship ' s navigator nor the ship ' s pilot is usually the conning officer , whereas on merchant ships the conning officer may be the captain , the pilot , or another warrant officer . It should also be noted that the Officer of the Deck may give the conn to a junior officer for training purposes , in which case the Officer of the Deck and the conning officer may not be the same individual ( the officer who has the deck retains responsibility for the ship ' s safe passage ; the conning officer only has responsibility for giving the helm instructions on direction and thrust of the ship ' s engines ) . It is from this term that the concept of a conning tower , an elevated platform from which a conning officer can view all aspects of a ship ' s movement , is derived . Although the origin of the term is not entirely clear , it appears that " conn " is a shortened form of " conduct " ; the term is also frequently used as a transitive verb , i . e . , to conn ( therefore " conduct " ) a ship .
477th Tactical Fighter Squadron The 477th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 312th Tactical Fighter Wing , based at Cannon Air Force Base . New Mexico . It was inactivated on 18 February 1959 . History . Activated as a fourth F - 100 Super Sabre squadron at Cannon AFB under the 312th TFW . Deployed to Turkey for NATO rotational commitments . Inactivated in 1959 when its parent wing was inactivated and re - designated as the 27th TFW . Personnel and equipment of the squadron were re - designated as the 481st Tactical Fighter Squadron .
List of V Bomber dispersal bases In its early years , the British V Bomber force relied on the concept of aircraft dispersal to escape the effects of an enemy attack on their main bases . There were 26 such bases in the late 1950s , in addition to the ten main bases - RAF Coningsby , RAF Cottesmore , RAF Finningley , RAF Gaydon , RAF Honington , RAF Marham , RAF Scampton , RAF Waddington , RAF Wittering ( HQ RAF Bomber Command ) and RAF Wyton - a total of 36 bases available for the V Bomber force .
Ramesh Sakharam Benegal Air Commodre Ramesh Sakharam Benegal AVSM , MVC ( born 9 October 1926 – died April 2003 ) was an ex - officer of the Indian Air Force and a recipient of Maha Vir Chakra , India ' s second highest gallantry Award . In his youth , Air Cmde Benegal joined the Indian National Army and was chosen to join the Tokyo Boys to train as a fighter pilot . He went on to attend the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force Academy in 1944 . Held as a prisoner of war after the fall of Japan , Benegal was released in 1946 and enlisted in the Indian Airforce in 1952 and saw action in both the 1965 and 1971 Indo - Pak War . For his services in 1971 , Benegal was awarded the Ati Vishist Seva Medal and the Mahavir Chakra . External links . < br >
Air Force Services Agency The Air Force Services Agency ( AFSVA ) conducts research and development , policy implementation , and provides technical expertise in support of the bases , major commands , and Air Staff . It oversees the worldwide operation of the Air Force fitness program , food service , lodging , mortuary affairs , readiness , libraries , management information systems , family member programs , non - appropriated fund transformation , purchasing , construction , non - appropriated fund food and beverage operations , amusement machines , Tops In Blue , Air Force - level sports , the world - class athlete program , golf , bowling , outdoor recreation , aero clubs , arts and crafts , tickets and travel , plans and force management , and training . AFSVA also oversees centrally - managed programs that support the Air Staff , major commands , base level and deployed services / force support units .
154th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) 154th Infantry Brigade was part of The 51st ( Highland ) Division and was a British Territorial Army division that fought during the Second World War . The division was referred to as the " Highway Decorators " by other divisions who became used to discovering the ' HD ' insignia painted wherever the Highlanders had passed through . 154th Brigade was luckier than its sister brigades of the 51st Division ( 152nd & 153rd ) . It was detached in June 1940 to form the mobile battlegroup " Arkforce " and was able to escape from Northern France while the rest of the division was forced to surrender at St Valery - en - Caux . However , the brigade was severely understrength by the time it returned to Britain , and in August 1940 it was reorganised and merged with the 28th Infantry Brigade of 9th ( Highland ) Infantry Division to form part of the new 51st Division . In this capacity it went on to serve in North Africa , Sicily and North - West Europe .
USS Release ( 1855 ) USS " Release " was a bark - rigged sailing vessel in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . " Release " , formerly " Eringol " , was purchased 3 April 1855 at Boston , Massachusetts , and commissioned on that date for use as a storeship . In June 1855 , she sailed as part of an Arctic expedition to search for Dr . Elisha Kane and his missing party of explorers . " Release " sailed November 1856 to Demerara , British Guiana , to pick up sugar cane cuttings for the Department of the Interior . In 1857 , she carried supplies to Aspinwall ( now Colón ) , Panama for the Pacific Squadron ; in 1859 she carried stores to the Mediterranean Squadron . Later in 1859 she served as supply ship for the Paraguay expedition sent to Asunción to demand indemnity and apology from the Paraguayan Government for the firing on in 1858 . On 5 April 1861 , " Release " sailed to Fort Pickens , Pensacola , Florida , to act as supply ship for the Gulf Blockading Squadron . After returning to New York for more stores , she sailed for Hampton Roads , for similar duty with Atlantic Blockading Squadron . She was sent to Gibraltar on 30 September 1862 to meet and then directed to Algeciras , Morocco to watch the Confederate raider " Sumter " . During this period , " Release " unknowingly passed within 20 miles of another raider , " Alabama " . From August 1863 to the end of hostilities , " Release " served as an ordnance storeship , based at Beaufort , North Carolina , for ships blockading the southern coast from Wilmington , North Carolina , to Norfolk , Virginia , either at sea delivering stores to the blockaders at their stations or at Beaufort tied up as a stores hulk . " Release " was placed out of commission 6 October 1865 at Port Royal , South Carolina , and sold at public auction at New York 25 October 1865 . As of 2005 , no other ships have borne this name .
USS Mullany ( DD - 325 ) The first USS " Mullany " ( DD - 325 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for James Robert Madison Mullany . History . " Mullany " was laid down 3 June 1919 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , San Francisco , California ; launched 9 July 1920 ; sponsored by Miss Alice Lee Hall ; and commissioned at Mare Island Navy Yard 29 March 1921 , Lieutenant Edward Breed in command . Based at San Diego , California , " Mullany " operated along the west coast through most of her career , sailing annually to the Panama Canal Zone and the Caribbean for combined fleet maneuvers . She left San Francisco , California 15 April 1925 for fleet tactics in Hawaiian waters , from which she sailed 1 July with the battle fleet on a good will cruise via Samoa to Australia and New Zealand . Mullany returned to San Diego 27 September . Fate . In 1928 , she twice cruised to Hawaii , first for fleet maneuvers , and later training naval reservists . She decommissioned 1 May 1930 at San Diego . Her name was struck from the Navy list 18 November 1930 and she was sold for scrapping 19 March 1931 .
Charles F . Marshall World War II veteran Charles F . Marshall ( 1915 - October 2002 ) was raised by a German - speaking family in New Jersey , United States , and spoke German fluently . He was drafted into the U . S . Army Sixth Corps in World War II for military intelligence and interrogated German POW s and analyzed captured and stolen German maps and charts . He was present at the Sixth Corps ' landing at Anzio and the subsequent battles in southern France . He produced " The Beachhead News " newspaper and kept extensive notes on the war . He later authored two books on the subject , " Discovering the Rommel Murder " , and " A Ramble Through My War : Anzio and Other Joys " . He died in October 2002 leaving his second wife Mary , 8 children , and 23 grandchildren .
Oskar Müller Oskar Müller ( 25 June 1896 - 14 January 1970 ) was the first employment minister in Hesse , Germany after World War II . Early career . Müller was born in Wohlau in Prussian Silesia as the son of a farmer . He fought in World War I and became an officer . After the war , he joined the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) . Later , he was selected into the Prussian federal state parliament , to which he belonged until 1933 . Beginning in 1928 Müller worked several years as an organization leader of the KPD in Hesse . World War II . When the Nazi Party came to power , Müller was declared one of their enemies . On 22 November 1933 the Gestapo arrested him . He spent three years in a penitentiary and was held until 1939 in a Nazi concentration camp . From June 1939 by August 1944 he found accommodation in the Offenbacher leather industry as an employee . In August 1944 , he was again arrested for resisting the Nazis and imprisoned at Dachau . Post - war years . Although detention in the concentration camps had weakened Müller ' s health , he eagerly assisted in the reconstruction of Germany . In October 1945 he became a minister for work and welfare under Prime Minister Karl Geiler , but was replaced in 1947 . Müller concentrated on party work . In 1948 , he again became a regional chairman of the KPD . In 1949 he was laid off , but remained part of the party executive committee of the KPD . From 1949 - 1953 Müller belonged to the German Bundestag . He was briefly arrested in 1953 . Since that time he worked as one of the presidents and as a Secretary - General of the anti - fascist " Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes " ( VVN ) . Müller was a developer of the Hesse constitution , which carries his signature . Articles 41 and 42 plan the transfer of the large - scale industry in common property . Lockout was forbidden by the constitution . In agreement and in constant consultation with the trade unions by the Ministry of Labour , an exemplary works council law was created , in which participation in equal numbers was fully embodied . The Hessian constitution was well - admired and used as a model by other states .