John S . McCain , Jr . John Sidney " Jack " McCain Jr . ( January 17 , 1911 – March 22 , 1981 ) was a United States Navy admiral , who served in conflicts from the 1940s through the 1970s , including as the Commander , United States Pacific Command . McCain grew up in Washington , D . C . and graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy in 1931 , after which he entered the submarine service . In World War II , he commanded submarines in several theaters of operation , was responsible for sinking several Japan ese ships , and was decorated with both the Silver Star and Bronze Star . After the war , he held a variety of commands , specializing in amphibious warfare . He led the 1965 U . S . invasion of the Dominican Republic . He also served in several posts in Washington , including the Legislative Affairs Office and Chief of Naval Information , where he became influential in political affairs . He was a staunch anti - Communist , and was such an advocate of the importance of a strong naval presence that he became known as " Mr . Seapower " . During the Vietnam War , McCain was Commander - in - Chief , Pacific Command ( CINCPAC ) , commander of all U . S . forces in the Vietnam theater from 1968 to 1972 . He was a stalwart supporter of President Richard Nixon ' s policy of Vietnamization . McCain played a significant role in the militarization of U . S . policy towards Cambodia , helping to convince Nixon to launch the 1970 Cambodian Incursion and establishing a personal relationship with Cambodian leader Lon Nol . McCain was also a proponent of the 1971 incursion into Laos . McCain retired from the Navy in 1972 . His father , John S . McCain , Sr . , was also an admiral in the Navy , and the two were the first father - son pair to achieve four - star rank . His son , John S . McCain III , is a former naval aviator who was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam during McCain ' s time as CINCPAC , who retired with the rank of captain and then became a United States Senator and the 2008 Republican Party nominee for President of the United States . Early years , education and family . McCain was born in Council Bluffs , Iowa . His father , a junior officer on the armored cruiser , was away at sea at the time , and his mother , the former Catherine Davey Vaulx , was traveling cross country to visit with her sister . He was called " Jack " by his family , although he would also be called " Junior " by others , which he preferred less . His family ' s history of military service extended beyond his father — his paternal uncle was U . S . Army Brigadier General William Alexander McCain . His family tree also had other people engaged in military service , back through many wars . McCain grew up at various naval stations where his father was posted and then in Northwest , Washington , D . C . , going to local schools and working as a paperboy . His father was away on duty for much of his childhood , and his mother did much of the parenting . He graduated from Central High School in the district . McCain entered the United States Naval Academy in 1927 , at age 16 . He disliked the hazing tradition and behavioral restrictions of Annapolis , and accumulated many demerits and earned mediocre grades during his years at the Academy . As one biographer wrote , McCain " was given to taking unauthorized midnight leave and spent much of his four . . . years in contention with authority and working off massive doses of extra duty . " McCain later stated : " I was known as a ' ratey ' plebe , and that ' s the plebe who does not conform always to the specific rules and regulations of the upperclassmen . Some of these upperclassmen would . . . require you to do such things which only incited rebellion and mutiny in me , see . " At one point , McCain had so many demerits he was at risk of not graduating ; his partying and drinking was especially dangerous as it was taking place during Prohibition . For much of his final year there , he was banished from Bancroft Hall , the normal residence for midshipmen , and forced instead to live on the barracks ship . He graduated in 1931 , finishing 423rd out of 441 in class rank , eighteenth from the bottom . Upon graduation , he was commissioned an ensign and assigned to duty aboard the battleship in the Pacific . He applied to flight school to become a naval aviator , but was turned down due to a heart murmur , and was accepted at Submarine School at Naval Submarine Base New London in Connecticut instead . There he placed 28th out of 29 in his class . While stationed on " Oklahoma " in Long Beach , California , McCain met Roberta Wright , a freshman at the University of Southern California whose father was a successful wildcatter . After Roberta ' s mother objected to her daughter associating with a sailor , the couple eloped to Tijuana , Mexico , marrying in Caesar ' s Bar on January 21 , 1933 . McCain was suspended five days for leaving ship without permission . The couple would have three children : Jean Alexandra " Sandy " McCain ( born 1934 ) , John Sidney McCain III ( born 1936 at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone ) , and Joseph Pinckney McCain II ( born 1942 at Naval Submarine Base New London ) . The family was frequently uprooted as they followed McCain from New London to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii , and other stations in the Pacific Ocean ; Roberta took on the lead role in raising the children . In 1934 , McCain was praised for loyalty and for performing his duties very well , but his fitness report said he suffered from nervousness , and he was treated for weight loss at Pearl Harbor Naval Hospital . He served on the old , World War I - era submarines and . From 1938 to 1940 , he returned to the Naval Academy for a stint of teaching electrical engineering to midshipmen . He later said of this position , " The lads learned soon enough never to try to hoodwink an old hoodwinker . " In 1940 and early 1941 , he sailed in the more modern ( commanded by Larry Freeman ) as part of the Pacific Fleet ' s SubDiv 15 , under Captain Ralph Christie . In April 1941 , McCain was detached to his first command , the antique , recommissioned as a training boat at the Submarine School in New London . World War II . After the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor , McCain would not see his family for long stretches . By now a lieutenant commander , McCain was assigned to command the submarine , joining her in May 1942 for trials and seeing the boat commissioned in August 1942 . " Gunnel " was deployed as part of the November 1942 invasion of French North Africa . Operating conditions for the five submarines sent there were not favorable , due to overcrowded waters , poor weather , and mixed - up signals , and the deployment had no accomplishments . Like many other U . S . submarines , " Gunnel " was attacked in error by friendly aircraft . The Hooven - Owens - Rentschler ( H . O . R . ) diesels ( known as " whores " ) which powered " Gunnel " were troublesome ; at one point while returning home , drive gears of all four of the main engines were out of commission , and McCain ' s crew had to rely on their tiny auxiliary engine for the last . " Gunnel " went into the navy yard for an extensive refit and was replaced on patrol station off North Africa by " Pilly " Lent ' s . After the refit , " Gunnel " was ordered to the Pacific Fleet , and in June 1943 , went on patrol in the East China and Yellow Seas . On June 15 , McCain torpedoed and sank the freighter " Koyo Maru " ( 6400 tons ) in the Tsushima Strait . Early on June 19 , McCain engaged a Japanese convoy that was headed for Shanghai . He torpedoed and sank the freighter " Tokiwa Maru " ( 7000 tons ) and hit a smaller vessel . The convoy ' s escorts then staged a prolonged counter - attack on " Gunnel " , dropping depth charge s that shook and damaged the boat and grappling hook s that rattled along its hull . Underwater for hours , sometimes near the seabottom , McCain surfaced ; Japanese escorts fired shells at him as he stood on the bridge , while he fired torpedoes back , striking and sinking one ( originally thought to be a destroyer , it was the coastal minesweeper " Tsubame " ) . McCain dove again and the Japanese ships continued in sonar - based pursuit . After a total of 36 hours , nearly all spent underwater , " Gunnel " s batteries were about to fail and the air was very hot and virtually unbreathable . McCain surfaced in battle stations position , ready to engage in a disadvantageous gun battle with the Japanese pursuers , but they were heading in the opposite direction and he was able to escape . Persistent trouble from the submarine ' s diesel engines then cut short the patrol after only eleven days , after which McCain returned to Pearl Harbor . Despite the reduced time , the freighter tonnage " Gunnel " sunk was the second - largest total for any of the sixteen U . S . submarines deployed into operational areas in the Pacific that month . McCain was awarded the Silver Star for this patrol , for " conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action , as Commanding Officer of a submarine in enemy Japanese - controlled waters . . . [ and ] bravery under fire and aggressive fighting spirit . " McCain ' s personality was a good fit for wartime submarine duty . Many of the U . S . submarine commanders trained in peacetime had focused excessively on conformance to regulations and adherence to official tactical doctrine ; they lacked the aggressiveness and ability to improvise that the conflict in the Pacific demanded , and by the end of the first year of the war , almost a third of them had been relieved as inadequate . " Gunnel " was the first Pearl Harbor boat to have her H . O . R . diesels replaced , and she returned to action off Iwo Jima in December 1943 . Alerted by Station HYPO intelligence to the presence of aircraft carrier s , on the night of 2 – 3 December , McCain fired four torpedo es at at a very long range of , only to miss as " Zuihō " zigged . Although he did not hit it , McCain was one of only a handful of U . S . submarine commanders to actually attack an enemy carrier . " Gunnel " did sink one ship of 4000 tons during this patrol . On March 18 , 1944 , on patrol off Tawi Tawi , the main Japanese fleet anchorage in the Philippines , McCain got another shot at a carrier . He fired from extremely long range , missed the target , and sustained a counterattack of sixteen depth charges . He tried to attack the same carrier over the next four days , but could place his boat no closer than . During the May 1944 U . S . air strike on Surabaya , " Gunnel " lay off Tawi Tawi in company with Robert Olsen ' s , but McCain managed no attacks on Japanese ships . He shifted his operations to the coast of Indochina , where , on June 8 , he picked up a convoy , escorted by yet another aircraft carrier . He was unable to approach closer than . In July 1944 , he was detached for a brief return to New London . On his return to Pearl Harbor , the Navy ordered him to command the new starting October 1944 , with commissioning two months later . Now a commander , during his one patrol with that submarine he damaged a large freighter and sank two guardboat - style patrol craft in the East China Sea and the Taiwan Straits . For this action , McCain was awarded the Bronze Star with Combat V . At the conclusion of the war , McCain sailed " Dentuda " into Tokyo Bay and had one last meeting with his father , who had been commanding the Fast Carrier Task Force during the latter stages of the war . Slew McCain would die four days after the Japanese surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay . In addition to his Silver and Bronze Stars , McCain ' s actions in the war earned him two letters of commendation . A superior wrote that : " His zeal in the investigation and development of new submarine tactics and weapons has been outstanding . " " Mr . Seapower " . After the end of the war , McCain remained in the Navy and his family settled in Northern Virginia . He was assigned as Director of Records to the Bureau of Naval Personnel until early 1949 . McCain published a January 1949 article in United States Naval Institute " Proceedings " that examined the training challenges the Navy faced in the nuclear era . He assumed command of Submarine Division 71 in the Pacific that year , sailing on the flagship , which took him to a variety of naval stations and two exploratory cruises to extreme northern waters , adding to the knowledge of an increasingly important strategic area for submarine operations . From February through November 1950 , McCain was executive officer of the heavy cruiser , and from June 1950 was involved in the early stages of the Korean War , joining Task Force 77 to patrol the Formosa Strait . Now a captain , McCain was assigned to a series of posts at The Pentagon in alternation with various commands . He was Director of Undersea Warfare Research and Development from 1950 to 1953 , commander of Submarine Squadron 6 aboard flagship in the Atlantic from 1953 to 1954 , commander of the attack transport from 1954 to 1955 in the Mediterranean , Director of the Progress Analysis Group from 1955 to 1957 , and commander of the heavy cruiser from 1957 to 1958 . During these years , McCain went to the Naval Academy a number of times to admonish his son John on his performance there , which was at least as troublesome as his own had been . As one biographical profile stated , " Few fathers and sons could have been more alike as adolescents than Jack McCain and John Sidney III : Youthful rebellion seemed encoded in their DNA . " McCain was promoted to rear admiral in November 1958 . From 1958 to 1960 , he was assigned to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy , where he joined the Legislative Affairs Office as Chief Legislative Liaison . There he formed many useful political connections , as senators , representatives , admirals , and generals were all frequent social visitors to his centrally - located D . C . house , which would later become the Capitol Hill Club . McCain was also a member of the Cosmos Club , Army and Navy Club , and the Chevy Chase Club , all in the D . C . area , and was a 33rd degree mason . His wife Roberta , viewed as " charming " and " wonderful " by McCain ' s superiors , also aided the social success , which featured as house guests powerful Congressional figures such as Carl Vinson , Richard Russell , Jr . and Everett Dirksen . ( His son John would witness some of these and earlier interactions and two decades later assume the same role , on way to the start of his political career . ) During this stint , Rear Admiral McCain became an effective advocate for the Navy in congressional hearings and behind - the - scenes dealmaking , and helped persuade Congress to restore budget allocations it had earlier cut from construction programs for aircraft carrier s . From 1960 to 1962 , McCain held commands in the Atlantic , including Amphibious Group 2 and Amphibious Training , and served on and . He was Chief of Naval Information from 1962 to 1963 , initiating the post and garnering influence with the Washington press that would aid his career . Following the April 1963 loss of the nuclear submarine , he explained to the public why the search for the wreckage would be lengthy and difficult , and defended the Navy against charges that it had been tardy in disclosing details of the disaster . McCain was promoted to vice admiral in July 1963 , and was made commander of the entire Amphibious Forces , Atlantic Fleet . He came up with the idea for Operation Sea Orbit , the voyage around the world without refuelling of three nuclear - powered Navy ships ; it was reminiscent of the Great White Fleet circumnavigation that his father had been part of over half a century earlier . Later in 1964 , McCain commanded the Operation Steel Pike exercise off the coast of Spain , which was the largest amphibious landing ever in peacetime ; he would be awarded be a gold star in lieu of a Legion of Merit for this operation . After the operation he defended the performance of the United States Merchant Marine before the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries , and became a prominent public advocate for the geostrategic importance of the merchant marine . In 1964 McCain was elected an hereditary member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati by right of his descent from his great ( 4 ) grandfather Captain John Young who served with the Virginia State Troops during the American Revolution . In April 1965 , McCain led the United States invasion of the Dominican Republic as commander of Task Force 124 , which maintained a military occupation until civil unrest had ended . McCain later said , " Some people condemned this as an ' unwarranted intervention , ' but the Communists were all set to move in and take over . People may not love you for being strong when you have to be , but they respect you for it and learn to behave themselves when you are . " He also worked closely with U . S . Ambassador to the Organization of American States Ellsworth Bunker , who was handling negotiations between local factions . For this operation , McCain was awarded the Legion of Merit . McCain then served three roles simultaneously : vice chairman of delegation to the United Nations Military Staff Committee , Commander Eastern Sea Frontier , and Commander Atlantic Reserve Fleet . The U . N . post was considered to be a career dead - end , but McCain looked to his political contacts to keep his career going . Throughout much of his career , McCain was known for his short and thin stature , salty character , and trademark cigar . One superior wrote that : " There is only one Jack McCain ! Vice Admiral McCain , by his enthusiasm , honesty and delightful personality makes many friends , not only officially but socially . . . The ' little man with the big cigar ' is known to everyone . " McCain liked to confer with enlisted men and get their opinions . He swore so much he earned the sobriquet " Good Goddamn McCain " ; his regular greeting to begin the day was " Good goddamn morning . " He was often asked how he told his wife Roberta and her identical twin sister Rowena apart , to which he famously responded by puffing his cigar , flashing a grin , and saying , " That ' s their problem . " He jumped rope 200 times a day as part of keeping fit . He developed a problem with alcoholism during his career , and cut back on his drinking so that it did not interfere with his ability to command or show up on fitness reports , although he occasionally suffered lapses . McCain was a staunch promoter of the importance of a strong naval presence , and indeed became known in military - congressional circles , sometimes not approvingly , as " Mr . Seapower " . He gave regular speeches on the subject with an increasing fervor , and worked with his large number of political contacts in what some saw as an effort to get a final promotion . During the Cold War , McCain stressed the importance of maintaining naval superiority over the Soviet Union . He was especially concerned in light of the growing number of submarines deployed by the Soviet Navy , calling them " a direct threat to our free use of the oceans of the world . " During a long U . S . policy debate regarding the merchant marine force , he continued to stress the importance of that fleet , giving an illustrated talk entitled " Total Wet War " that said the Soviets would soon overtake the fleet in numbers and concluding that " our free use of the seas will play an ever increasing role in the world situation of the future . " Beginning in 1965 , Senate Minority Leader Dirksen had been championing McCain ' s case for four - star admiral promotion to President Lyndon Johnson . McCain had both supporters and detractors within the Navy , but the top commanders had sidetracked him with the U . N . appointment , and U . S . Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara had been given the impression that McCain was not a strong commander . Johnson owed Dirksen for having broken the filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , and so in 1966 , Johnson requested that McNamara find a four - star path for McCain . Vietnam War . In February 1967 , McCain received his sought - after promotion to admiral ( which became effective in May ) , and became Commander - in - Chief , U . S . Naval Forces , Europe ( CINCUSNAVEUR ) , stationed in London . At the change of command ceremony for the Eastern Sea Frontier post , held on his father ' s old flagship , McCain was awarded a gold star in lieu of a third Legion of Merit for his work during the U . N . assignment . As the Vietnam War escalated , McCain was a strong advocate for bringing s out of the United States Navy reserve fleets in order to support shore bombardment missions . He ordered a Naval Court of Inquiry to be convened following the June 1967 USS " Liberty " incident . McCain ' s son , naval aviator Lieutenant Commander John S . McCain III , became a prisoner of war in North Vietnam in October 1967 , after being shot down and badly injured during a bombing raid over Hanoi . McCain ' s prominence made the downing of his son front page news . McCain and his wife Roberta treated the news stoically , attending a dinner party in London without indicating anything was wrong even though initial word indicated their son was unlikely to have survived the shoot - down . McCain would later say little about his son ' s captivity in public , other than that they had indications he was alive and " that is something to live for . " McCain continued to expand on his vision of the Soviet threat , saying that the Soviets ' maritime goal " encompasses not only the military uses of the sea , but also those relating to world politics , economics , commerce and technology , " and likened its propaganda value to the Space Race . In April 1968 , at the height of the Vietnam War , McCain was named by President Johnson as Commander - in - Chief , Pacific Command ( CINCPAC ) , effective in July 1968 , stationed in Honolulu and commander of all U . S . forces in the Vietnam theater . In an unprecedented move , Johnson had considered candidates from outside the Navy , including U . S . Army General William Westmoreland , who was leaving as commander of Military Assistance Command , Vietnam ( MACV ) . But the strong recommendation of Ellsworth Bunker , who had since become U . S . Ambassador to South Vietnam , was key in Johnson ' s decision . At the change - of - command ceremony for the Europe post , McCain was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal . McCain was a strong believer in the domino theory , and as CINCPAC , emphasized what he saw as the grave threat of Communist Chinese expansion of influence . He became well - known within the Pentagon and to the press for his fervent briefings on the " Chicom " menace , showing maps with bright - red claws or arrows extending from a bright - red China into much of the area he was responsible for . To some , McCain was the Navy ' s most persuasive and energetic briefer , while to others , he was over - the - top and spoke longer than necessary . McCain believed the Pacific Command ' s role was both to confront the major Communist powers with superior and mobile force , and to provide a deterrent force to protect smaller countries from " aggression , whether this be overtly military or by subversion and infiltration . " When the Nixon Administration took office in January 1969 , the secret National Security Study Memorandum 1 collected views of top officials on the prospects for President Richard Nixon ' s policy of Vietnamization . There was a division of thought among those contributing , but McCain was one of those who were relatively optimistic , believing the North Vietnamese had entered peace talks due to military weakness , South Vietnamese pacification progress was real , and the tide of the war was favorably turning . McCain suffered a mild stroke around this time , but was back at work a month later . Following an inspection tour of South Vietnam in December 1969 , McCain remained very optimistic about the course of the war and the ability of South Vietnamese forces to carry greater burdens . McCain did not give much credence to the anti - Vietnam War movement ; in reaction to the popular slogan " Make love , not war , " he told a 1970 Naval Academy class that they were part of a fraternity " whose members are men enough to do both . " McCain played an important part in the expansion of U . S . involvement in Cambodia . In April 1970 , McCain gave personal briefings to Nixon in Honolulu , and to Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger in San Clemente , where he highlighted the threat from North Vietnamese operations in Cambodia and Laos . In particular , he said that Lon Nol ' s government in Cambodia would soon collapse unless North Vietnamese operations there were stopped , and that with a secure base there , North Vietnam could then launch attacks on South Vietnam which would cause the failure of Vietnamization . McCain additionally said that the schedule for the ongoing withdrawal of U . S . ground forces from Vietnam had to be flexible . McCain ' s views , which had the support of his subordinate , MACV commander General Creighton Abrams , helped persuade Nixon to go ahead with the Cambodian Incursion later that month . Kissinger would subsequently tell another admiral , " We have to be careful about having McCain around the president too much , because he fires up the president . " By fall 1970 , McCain worried that Kissinger ' s plan for extensive commitment of South Vietnamese troops to preserve the Cambodian regime would endanger the progress of Vietnamization . Nevertheless , McCain was involved in the intense U . S . effort to prop up Cambodian leader Lon Nol , paying visits to Phnom Penh to give him assurances and assess the state of the Cambodians . When Lon Nol suffered a stroke in early 1971 , he recuperated at McCain ' s guesthouse in Honolulu . At the same time , a Military Equipment Delivery Team program was organized to supply military assistance to the Cambodian government . McCain gained control of this effort ( instead of Military Assistance Command , Vietnam ) , and to support a conflict that he proprietarily spoke of as " my war " , made constant requests to the Pentagon for more arms and staff . He forced an Americanization of many logistics procedures within the Cambodian military . He sided with Kissinger and the Joint Chiefs of Staff as they prevailed over the U . S . Embassy in Cambodia and U . S . Defense Secretary Melvin Laird in adopting a militarization of American policy with regard to that country . Lon Nol ' s gratitude towards McCain continued , including the gift of an elephant ( soon named " Cincpachyderm " ) too large to transport on McCain ' s DC - 6 . McCain was also very concerned about the North Vietnamese presence in Laos . He was a proponent of Operation Lam Son 719 , the February – March 1971 U . S . - assisted incursion into southeastern Laos by the South Vietnamese Army . He told Admiral Thomas Moorer , chairman of the Joint Chiefs , that an offensive against the Ho Chi Minh Trail might compel Prince Souvanna Phouma , prime minister of Laos , " to abandon the guise of neutrality and enter the war openly . " The operation ended in failure . Each year while Jack McCain was CINCPAC , he paid a Christmastime visit to the American troops in South Vietnam serving closest to the DMZ ; he would stand alone and look north , to be as close to his son as he could get . During Operation Linebacker , the resumed bombing of the north starting in April 1972 , the targets included the Hanoi area . The daily orders were issued by McCain , knowing his imprisoned son was in the vicinity . In March 1972 , the Nixon administration announced Admiral Noel Gayler as McCain ' s successor as CINCPAC , despite McCain ' s unheeded request to Nixon to have his tour extended so that he could see the war to its conclusion . McCain ' s time as CINCPAC ended on September 1 , 1972 ; at the transfer of command ceremony in Honolulu that day , President Nixon focused on the contributions of the three generations of McCains – saying , " In the story of the McCains we see the greatness of America " – and awarded McCain a gold star in lieu of his second Navy Distinguished Service Medal . For the next two months , McCain served as special assistant to Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo R . Zumwalt , Jr . Kissinger would later characterize McCain ' s approach to the Vietnam War by saying , " He fought for the victory that his instinct and upbringing demanded and that political reality forbade . " Retirement and death . Admiral McCain retired on November 1 , 1972 . There was no ceremony , as it would have been redundant after the one that took place two months earlier in Hawaii ; as one associate said , " He just didn ' t come to work today . " McCain visited the White House in 1975 and discussed naval preparedness issues with President Gerald Ford . During the late 1970s , McCain sometimes acted as an advisor on military matters to Ronald Reagan , who was ramping up his third presidential candidacy . McCain also participated in a January 1978 traveling " Panama Canal Truth Squad " , led by Senator Paul Laxalt , that sought Senate rejection of the Panama Canal Treaty ; McCain felt that the eventual ceding of the canal to Panamanian control would endanger U . S . security and provide an opening to the Soviets in the region . But overall , McCain felt despair over his reluctant retirement from the United States Navy and fell into prolonged poor health . His son John felt his father ' s " long years of binge drinking " had caught up with him , despite a mostly successful later recovery in Alcoholics Anonymous . McCain died of a heart attack on a military aircraft en route from Europe on March 22 , 1981 , with his wife at his side . He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on March 27 , 1981 . Namesakes . was named for both Admirals McCain . McCain was written about extensively in his son John ' s 1999 memoir " Faith of My Fathers " . McCain was portrayed by actor Scott Glenn in the 2005 television movie adaptation . Grandson John S . " Jack " McCain IV attended and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 2009 , the fourth - generation John S . McCain to do so . Awards . John S . McCain , Jr . received the following medals and decorations :