naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gabar Singh Negi Gabbar Singh Negi VC ( 21 April 1895 – 10 March 1915 ) was an Indian soldier , and recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest Commonwealth award for gallantry " in the face of the enemy " , during the First World War . Details . Gabar Singh Negi was born at Manjood village near Chamba , Tehri Garhwal district , Uttarakhand . He joined the Garhwal Rifles in October 1913 . He was 21 years old and a Rifleman in the 2 / 39th Garhwal Rifles , Indian Army during the First World War , he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 10 March 1915 at Neuve Chapelle , France : " during an attack on the German position Rifleman Gabar Singh Negi was one of a bayonet party with bombs who entered their main trench , and was the first man to go round each traverse , driving back the enemy until they were eventually forced to surrender . He was killed during this engagement . " The Gabar Singh Negi fair is organised annually in Chamba , Tehri in the memory of Gabar Singh . In 1971 , the Garhwal Regiment adopted the Fair , to give it the much - needed boost . A memorial was constructed and with the inclusion of army traditions in the ceremonies , the Gabar Negi fair started attracting villagers from far and near to pay their homage to this brave soldier . Every year , on 20 / 21 April ( depending on the Hindu calendar ) , the area around the Negi Memorial in Chamba comes alive with many kiosks being set up . This is the only fair of its kind in the state .
Operation Dawn 3 Operation Dawn 3 or Operation Valfajr - 3 was Iran ' s worst defeat out of all the Dawn operations . 180 , 000 Iranian troops participated in this attack but withering Iraqi firepower in support of deeply entrenched troops slaughtered the advancing Iranians . The Iraqis struck back by emerging from their trenches to counterattack into Iran and capture Mehran . Although Iranian troops were highly motivated , they were poorly trained and equipped for this battle . For Iran the operation was a disaster . Battle . The Iranians attempted to further exploit activities in the north after Operation Dawn 2 on 30 July 1983 . Iran saw an opportunity to sweep away Iraqi forces controlling the roads between the Iranian controlled mountain border towns of Mehran , Dehloran and Elam . Iraq conducted airstrikes against 50 , 000 Iranian forces lodged in mountainous terrain , exhausting themselves attempting to dislodge the Iranians . Realising they needed to alter their tactics , Iraq equipped attack helicopters with chemical warheads ; while ineffective , it demonstrated both the Iraqi general staff ' s and Saddam ' s increasing interest in using chemical weapons . In the end , 17 , 000 had been killed on both sides , [ clarification needed ] with no gain for either country . [ 73 ] Bibliography . http : / / smallwarsjournal . com / jrnl / art / the - “ dawn - of - victory ” - campaigns - to - the - “ final - push ” - part - three - of - three
El Degüello El Degüello is a bugle call , notable in the US for its use as a march by Mexican Army buglers during the 1836 Siege and Battle of the Alamo . " Toque a Degüello " was introduced to the Americas by the Spanish armies and was later adopted by the patriot armies fighting against them during the Spanish American wars of independence . It was widely used by Simon Bolivar ' s armies , notably during the Battle of Junin and the Battle of Ayacucho . " Degüello " is a Spanish noun from the verb " degollar " , to describe the action of throat - cutting . More figuratively , it means " give no quarter . " It " signifies the act of beheading or throat - cutting and in Spanish history became associated with the battle music , which , in different versions , meant complete destruction of the enemy without mercy . " It is similar to the war cry " ¡ A degüello ! " used by Cuban rebels in the 19th century to launch mounted charges against the Spanish infantry . Musical compositions . Martha Keller ' s " The Alamo " in " Brady ' s Bend and Other Ballads " , published in 1946 , became popularized through Juanita Coulson ' s folk song , " No Quarter , No Quarter . " In it , Keller wrote , " When they sound the ' No Quarter ' , they ' ll rise to the slaughter , when they play ' The Deguello ' , the wail of despair . " K . R . Wood ' s 1997 compilation album " Fathers of Texas " explains the bugle call and what it meant at the Alamo through song and narration . Depiction in films . In films , " El Degüello " varies , sometimes markedly . It is an instrumental — not a bugle call — in the John Wayne films " Rio Bravo " ( 1959 ) and " The Alamo " ( 1960 ) , and in " The Alamo " ( 2004 ) . In the first two films mentioned , the same music is used , it was not the actual Deguello , but actually music written by film composer Dimitri Tiomkin ; in the latter , it is in the form of a military dirge . It is depicted as a bugle call in Disney ' s " Davy Crockett , King of the Wild Frontier " ( 1955 ) , in " The Last Command " ( 1955 ) , in " Viva Max ! " ( 1969 ) , and in the made - for - television movie " " ( 1987 ) .
Edmund Hill Air Force Major General Edmund W . Hill ( April 26 , 1896 – May 1 , 1973 ) was an American aviation pioneer who served in the military in both world wars . Born in New London , Connecticut , Hill attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology , then was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army ' s infantry on August 9 , 1917 , and promoted to first lieutenant on the same day . After serving in France during World War I , he was transferred to the Air Service on February 25 , 1922 . He was a free and captive balloon pilot , flew dirigible airships and was an airplane pilot . In 1924 , he was the pilot of the first airship to launch and pick up an airplane while in flight , at Wilbur Wright Field . His 1928 balloon licence ( number 25 ; FAI number 930 ) was one of very few signed by Orville Wright , in his capacity as Chairman of the National Aeronautic Association ' s Contest Committee . He was commander of Bolling Field in Washington DC from 1939 - 1941 , then of U . S . Air Forces in Northern Ireland , and the Eighth Air Force Composite Command during World War II . He was in charge of air operations at the Yalta and Potsdam Conference s . In 1944 , he was U . S . Army Air Force commanding officer in charge of Post Hostilities planning for Europe . The same year , he became head of the Air Section of the United States mission to Moscow , then served as commanding general , U . S . Air Force in the U . S . S . R . from December 1944 until May 1945 . He coordinated the Inter - American Defense Board before his retirement on November 1 , 1946 . His awards included the Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , Bronze Star , and Air Medal . He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire , awarded Legion d ' honeur and Croix de Guerre with Palm .
Ñusta Huillac Ñusta Huillac was a Kolla leader who rebelled against the Spanish in Chile in 1780 . She was nicknamed La Tirana ( Spanish for " The Tyrant " ) because of her mistreatment of prisoners . She fell in love with Vasco de Almeida , one of her prisoners , and pleaded with her people for him . After her father ' s death , she became the leader of a group of Inca who were brought to Chile to mine silver in Huantajaya .
Operation High Jump The Operation High Jump was supposed operation that dured from 26 August 1946 to late February 1947 that was made to attack the Nazi subglacial base of Neo Swabia in the Antartida . Description . Operation Highjump ( OpHjp ) , officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program , 1946 – 47 , was a United States Navy operation organized by Rear Admiral Richard E . Byrd in Antarctica under the command of Richard Cruzen , which was launched on 26 August 1946 and ended abruptly in late February 1947 , six months earlier than planned . The massive Antarctic task force included 4 , 700 men , 13 ships , and multiple aircraft . The official stated claims of the operation were as follows : However , their choice of ships and fleet size is extremely suspicious . The actual fleet included the following ships : Eastern Group . Commanded by Captain George J . Dufek Seaplane Tender Pine Island Tanker Canisteo Destroyer Brownson Western Group . Seaplane Tender Currituck Tanker Cacapon Destroyer Henderson Central Group . Comms - ship Mount Olympus Icebreaker Burton Island Icebreaker Northwind Supplyship Yancey Supplyship Merrick Submarine Sennet The aircraft carrier USS Philippine Sea also participated , although it was not assigned to any of the groups . Conspiracy and Doubts . Understandably the need for supply ships , seaplane tenders , ice breakers and communication ships are necessary for such an operation but the use of 2 destroyers , an aircraft carrier and a submarine is somewhat dubious if all they set out to do is carry out surveys . Operation Highjump has become a topic among conspiracy theorists , who claim it was a covert US military operation to conquer or destroy alleged secret underground Nazi facilities in Antarctica including Station 211 and capture the German Vril flying discs , or Thule mercury - powered spaceship prototypes Many conspiracy articles and discussions examine a postwar encounter reported near a British Antarctic camp with uniformed Germans in an ice cave ; this when considered in the context that several German U - boats , a large amount of building supplies and German scientists identified by Operation Paperclip were still unaccounted for added credibility to the possibility of a Nazi base ; and the real motivation for the subsequent operation . An esoteric Hitlerist legend recounts that Adolf Hitler did not commit suicide in 1945 , but fled to Argentina , then to an SS base under the ice in New Swabia during the early 1950s where he resumed his career as a painter . According to this account , Operation Highjump , the largest expedition mounted to the Antarctic , is claimed to have been sent to wipe out the Nazi presence . Operation Highjump remains one of the few post war operations with documents still “ classified ” by the military , creating the doubt : Why a simple expedition in Antarda would be a classified document ? .
Douglas L . Carver Chaplain ( Major General ) Douglas Lanier Carver , USA ( born September 10 , 1951 ) is a retired American Army officer who served as the 22nd Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army . He was appointed to this assignment on July 12 , 2007 and was the first Southern Baptist chaplain to be promoted to the position of Chief of Chaplains in more than 50 years . Career . Carver holds theology degrees from the University of Tennessee and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary . He was originally commissioned in the field artillery and served with the 4th Infantry Division as a company grade officer in various artillery positions . He left active duty , but served with the Army Reserve for five additional years . Upon returning to active duty in 1984 , he attended the Chaplain Corps officer basic course and began his career in the chaplaincy . Before serving as Deputy Chief of Chaplains in September 2005 , he was director of training at the Chaplain Center and School at Fort Jackson , South Carolina . He was also a senior chaplain for V Corps and Combined Joint Task Force 7 in Germany and Iraq from 2002 through 2004 . In his current position as Director of Chaplaincy with the North American Mission Board ( the endorsing agent for the Southern Baptist Convention ) , he is responsible for overseeing 2 , 700 chaplains around the world . Among his awards and decorations are the Legion of Merit with one oak leaf cluster , the Bronze Star Medal , the Parachutist Badge , Air Assault Badge , and Ranger Tab .
Boom ( navigational barrier ) A boom or a chain ( also boom defence , harbour chain , river chain , chain boom , boom chain or variants ) is an obstacle strung across a navigable stretch of water to control or block navigation . Booms could be military in nature , with the goal of denying access to an enemy ' s ships ; a modern example is the anti - submarine net . Booms could also be used , especially along rivers , to force passing vessels to pay a toll . Description . A boom generally floats on the surface , while a chain can be on the surface or below the water . A chain could be made to float with rafts , logs , ships or other wood , making the chain a boom as well . Especially in medieval times , the end of a chain could be attached to a chain tower or boom tower . This allowed safe raising or lowering of the chain , as they were often heavily fortified . By raising or lowering a chain or boom , access could be selectively granted rather than simply rendering the stretch of water completely inaccessible . The raising and lowering could be accomplished by a windlass mechanism or a capstan . Booms or chains could be broken by a sufficiently large or heavy ship , and this occurred on many occasions , including the Siege of Damietta , the Raid on the Medway and the Battle of Vigo Bay . Frequently , however , attackers instead seized the defences and cut the chain or boom by more conventional methods . The boom at the siege of Londonderry , for example , was cut by sailors in a longboat . As a key portion of defences , booms were usually heavily defended . This involved shore - based chain towers , batteries or forts . In the Age of Sail , a boom protecting a harbour could have several ships defending it with their broadside s , discouraging assaults on the boom . On some occasions , multiple booms spanned a single stretch of water .
3rd Regiment California Volunteer Infantry The 3rd Regiment California Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . This regiment was organized at Stockton and at Benicia Barracks , from October 31 to December 31 , 1861 , to serve three years . The regiment was first commanded by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor . After the formation of the regiment at Stockton , four companies were sent to Humboldt County during the month of November , 1861 . During the month of July , 1862 , Colonel Connor was sent , with his regiment , to the District of Utah , in which it was on duty for the balance of its term of service . It spent its entire term of service in the western United States . Its largest engagement was the Bear River Massacre or Battle of Bear River on January 29 , 1863 in southeastern Washington Territory ( present - day Franklin County , Idaho ) . On the expiration of its term of service , the original members of the regiment ( except veterans ) were mustered out , and the veterans and new recruits were consolidated into a battalion of four companies on October 29 , 1864 , and was afterwards known as the Third Battalion of Infantry , comprising companies , A , B , C , and D . On December 9 , 1865 , Companies C and D were consolidated , leaving only three companies in the battalion . The battalion was finally mustered out July 27 , 1866 .
Yucca Army Airfield Yucca Army Airfield is a former military airfield located about west of Yucca , in Mohave County , Arizona . It is on the east side of Interstate 40 , south of Kingman . It is presently used as a testing facility by Chrysler LLC . Military use . In 1943 - 44 , the US Army Air Forces acquired to build a satellite airfield for the use of Kingman AAF & its Gunnery School . Activated on 1 December 1941 , the facility consisted of two 6 , 000 ' asphalt runways , taxiways , control tower , a total of 45 buildings , roads , a railroad spur , electrical utilities , water utilities , and a sewage disposal plant . Yucca AAF was commanded by the 3019th Army Air Force Base Unit , as part of AAF Western Flying Training Command . It primarily was a Flexible Gunnery School , with the adjoining Yucca Air to Air Gunnery Range being located to the southwest of Yucca AAF . It consisted of a total of , and the range had four runways . Bell P - 39 & P - 63 fighters were used as gunnery targets at Yucca Aux AAF . B - 26 bombers were also used as target tugs at Yucca AAF . In addition to the main base , the adjoining Yucca Air to Air Gunnery Range was located to the southwest of Yucca AAF . It consisted of a total of 550 , 000 acres , and the range had 4 airfields . The civil Port Kingman Airport was also utilized as an auxiliary landing field : Yucca AAF was closed and turned over to the Army Division Engineers on 23 December 1945 . It declared surplus in 1946 and responsibility for it was given to the War Assets Administration . Civil use . In 1954 the Ford Motor Company acquired the airport facility and began using the runways for automobile testing . Ford eventually built an extensive automotive proving ground surrounding the airfield . As of 2002 , the airfield itself was still operated by Ford as a private airfield , known as the Arizona Proving Ground Airport . Ford also continued to use some of the original military facilities , including the control tower , runways , taxiways , parking aprons , however all of the original military buildings ( except for the control tower ) had been removed . The Yucca airfield was evidently closed by Ford at some point between 2002 - 2006 . In 2007 airfield was sold to Chrysler which now operates the Chrysler Proving Grounds on this location . Harley - Davidson Motor Company has entered into an agreement to use the vehicle test facility to test their motorcycles . Harley - Davidson currently occupies several buildings at the test facility , including at least one they custom built . The USAAF technical site is now being used by buildings as part of the proving ground . No wartime structures are evident in aerial photos of the facility , nor is any of the wartime containment area . The wartime runways and taxiways are also nonexistent , the only remaining part being the concreted ramp area which is still used .
78th Infantry Regiment ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The 78th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army . The regiment was attached to the 39th Infantry Brigade of the 20th Division . The regiment participated during the Second Sino - Japanese War and during the later stages of World War II , the regiment was in New Guinea , as part of the Japanese Eighteenth Army .
Cartwright Air Station Cartwright Air Station ( ADC ID : N - 27 ) is a closed General Surveillance Radar station . It is located east - northeast of CFB Goose Bay , Newfoundland and Labrador . It was closed in 1968 . History . The site was established in 1953 as a General Surveillance Radar station , funded by the United States Air Force . It was used initially by the Northeast Air Command , which stationed the 922d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron on the station on 1 October 1953 . The station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . It was equipped with the following radars : The station was re - assigned to the USAF Air Defense Command on 1 April 1957 , and was given designation " N - 27 " . In 1963 , the site was connected to the Manual Data Center at Goose AFB . In addition to the main facility , Cartwright operated several AN / FPS - 14 manned Gap Filler sites : On 18 June 1968 , the USAF transferred control of the site to the Canadian Forces . It was inactivated and closed . Today , the remains of the station are abandoned . USAF units and assignments . Units : Assignments : North Warning System . A long Range AN / FPS - 117 surveillance radar site was built south of Cartwright Air Station in November 1998 as part of the North Warning System to cover any Long Range Radar surveillance gaps . The new site ( LAB - 6 ) consists of a radar towers , communications facility , and storage and tunnel connected buildings for personnel .
Cäsar Rüstow Cäsar Rüstow ( June 18 , 1826 , Brandenburg an der Havel – July 4 , 1866 ) was a Prussian soldier and military writer . The brother of Friedrich Wilhelm Rüstow and Alexander Rüstow , Cäsar Rüstow was one of the foremost experts of his time in the design and construction of military rifle s , and the writer of several treatises on that subject , notably " Die Kriegshandfeuerwaffen " ( Berlin , 1857 – 64 ) . Both Alexander and Cäsar fell on the field of battle in the war of 1866 , Cäsar at the Battle of Dermbach . He was the grandfather of the sociologist Alexander Rüstow .
Beit Lid massacre The Beit Lid massacre was a suicide attack by Palestinian Islamic Jihad against Israeli soldiers at the Beit Lid Junction on January 22 , 1995 . It was the first suicide attack by Palestinian Islamic Jihad . Background . In 1994 , Hani Abed , a Palestinian Islamic Jihad operative , brokered an alliance between Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad . ( Hani was later assassinated by Israel ) . As part of the alliance , Hamas ' s chief bombmaker , Yahya Ayyash , built the three bombs used by Islamic Jihad for the Beit Lid suicide attack . Each was made using plumber ' s pipe ( one foot long and eight inches ( 203 mm ) wide ) and five kilograms of military - grade TNT , surrounded by nails . The Beit Lid junction is a well - known waypoint towards Netanya . Strategically , it is an important crossroads between Tel Aviv and Haifa located on Highway 4 . " On Sunday mornings , Beit Lid was swamped with thousands of young soldiers and aging reservists heading back to military duty from weekend leaves " . Ashmoret Prison is located in the southwest corner of the Beit Lid junction . At the time of the bombing , Ahmed Yassin , founder of Hamas , was being held there . The attack . On 22 January 1995 , at approximately 9 : 30 am , a Palestinian suicide bomber , disguised as an Israeli soldier , approached the bus stop at the Beit Lid junction in central Israel . The bus stop was full of Israeli soldiers who were on their way to their bases after their weekend vacation . The suicide bomber walked into the crowd and detonated the hidden explosives belt he was wearing . About three minutes later a second suicide bomber exploded at the same spot , killing and injuring people wounded in the first explosion , as well as bystanders who had rushed to the scene to assist the victims of the first explosion . Aftermath . Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin toured the bombing site the next day , walking within yards of a kit bag containing a third bomb . Shaaker had left it there for a third suicide bomber , Shahdi Abed al - Rahim , who never made it to the junction . al - Rahim was to have used the bomb to kill Rabin and the Shabak agents accompanying him . The bomb was later recovered , and provided investigators with more evidence implicating Ayyash .