naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SUSTAIN ( military ) Small Unit Space Transport and Insertion or SUSTAIN is a concept first proposed in 2002 by the United States Marine Corps to deploy Marines via spaceflight to any location on Earth . Project Hot Eagle , launched by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory , is an investigation into the development and use of suborbital spacecraft to fulfill this vision . Hot Eagle would use a craft based on a design similar to Space Ship One , which could launch a squad on a suborbital trajectory in two stages and deliver them anywhere on two hours ' notice . Extraction would have to come by other means . Future proposed capabilities for the Marine Corps include launching into low earth orbit to choose the time of an attack . Delivery of soldiers by rocket has been proposed before , including by General John B . Medaris , head of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency in the 1950s . The lander itself is designed to hold a 13 man squad and land in almost any terrain at any time , avoiding diplomatic concern for airspace rights .
Battle of Otumba The Battle of Otumba was a battle at Otumba de Gómez Farías in 1520 . Background . Around the end of March 1519 , Hernán Cortés landed with a Spanish conquistador force at Potonchán on the coast of modern - day Mexico . Cortés had been commissioned by Governor Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar of Spanish - controlled Cuba to lead an expedition in the area , which was dominated by the Aztec Empire . Through a combination of raw force and political maneuvering , Cortés was able to secure the allegiance of the Totonacs and the Tlaxcaltec ( subjugated enemies of the Aztec empire ) during his advance on the Empire ' s main settlement , Tenochtitlan . In November , a Spanish force entered the city , and was greeted by its ruler , Moctezuma II . Initially , the conquistadors were treated well by the Aztecs whilst they stayed in the city , but increasing tension by the end of June 1520 led to the forced expulsion of the Spanish and Tlaxcaltec from Tenochtitlan in an event called " La Noche Triste " ( The Sad Night . ) Cortés then started a retreat to Tlaxcala , during which his force was harassed by Aztec skirmishers , and the Aztec leadership resolved to eliminate them as they withdrew . Battle . After being beleaguered on the causeway leading out of the city , the surviving Spanish forces arrived at the plain of Otumba Valley ( Otompan ) , where they encountered a vast Aztec army numbering between 20 , 000 - 40 , 000 men . Despite their opponents ' exhaustion and hunger , the Aztecs failed to capitalise on their numerical superiority by choosing a vast plain as the battlefield ; they were unfamiliar with the use of troops mounted on horses as shock troops , and so were taken aback when mounted Spanish soldiers continually charged at them . For all of their numbers , they were unprepared to endure cavalry charges and were routed by the combined Spanish and Tlaxcalan army after a fierce battle . With this hard - fought victory , the Spanish conquistadors were able to regroup and gather their strength for an eventual counter - attack deep into Aztec territory .
EM - 10 Bielik The EM - 10 Bielik ( ) is low cost Polish military training aircraft prototype , built by Margański & Mysłowski and first flown on 4 June 2003 . The single engine aircraft had a composite ( mostly carbon fibre ) fuselage with a light alloy aft section . The pressurized cockpit had ejection seats .
Springfield Model 1922 The Springfield Model 1922 is a . 22 caliber bolt action rifle . It features a 24 inch ( 61 cm ) barrel and a 5 round magazine . It was built as a training rifle , designed to mimic the M1903 Springfield rifle for training purposes . It was produced in several different versions until World War II , when shortages of materials made production of a training rifle impractical . The 1922M1 variant was introduced in 1925 . This version had a new bolt head , an improved firing mechanism , modifications to the chambering , and a new rear sight . The stock was also modified to incorporate a flat based pistol grip . The M1922M1 NRA variant was introduced in 1927 . This rifle basically consisted of the improved M1 version ' s action in the original 1922 version stock . This version was made for civilian use only and was not purchased by the U . S . Military . The 1922M2 variant was introduced in 1933 . This version featured a simplified bolt and a shallower pistol grip on the stock .
382d Bombardment Group The 382d Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Army Service Forces , being stationed at Camp Azna , California . It was inactivated on 4 January 1946 . The unit was initially a World War II B - 24 Liberator operational training unit ( OTU ) . Redesignated as a replacement training unit ( RTU ) in December 1943 . Inactivated on 31 March 1944 when Second Air Force switched to B - 29 Superfortress training . Late in the war the group was reactivated and trained as a Very Heavy ( VH ) B - 29 Superfortress group and assigned to Eighth Air Force in Okinawa . However , the war ended before the group could enter combat .
2004 Palopo cafe bombing The 2004 Palopo cafe bombing was a terrorist attack that occurred on 10 January 2004 in Palopo , South Sulawesi , Indonesia . Occurring at 10 : 30 p . m . local time ( UTC + 8 ) , an improvised explosive device beneath table number 11 in the Sampoddo Indah karaoke cafe . The blast killed four people and injured three others . Four men , including Jasmin bin Kasau , were arrested for the bombings . Bin Kasau was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment but later escaped . The attack . Witnesses reported that two men spent two weekends scouting the Sampoddo Indah Cafe located from downtown Palopo on the road to Makassar , staying for a short period of time then leaving . On 10 January 2004 , they returned and sat at table No . 11 , located near the entrance , and ordered drinks , which they left unfinished . A device , thought to have been remotely detonated , exploded at 10 : 30 p . m . local time ( UTC + 8 ) , from underneath that table . The blast killed four people were killed and injured three others . Three of the deceased , later identified as Abdul Rahman , Ambo , and Sumarni , 39 , were residents of Palopo , while another , Suratman , was from another city . The explosion was heard up to away . Most of the cafe ' s clients escaped through the back door prior to the arrival of the police . Investigation . Two men were identified by the police after questioning 17 witnesses on the next day , with preliminary sketches . Eighteen days later , police arrested four suspects and charged them with the bombing . Another 10 suspects were sought , and police expressed that the suspects had participated in a Laskar Jihad - run training camp in Poso Regency , Central Sulawesi , together . On 1 February , Jasmin bin Kasau was arrested in Noling village , Luwu regency . He later confessed to the bombing , calling it " part of a jihad against vice in nightclubs and bars . " Several pieces of evidence were seized from bin Kasau , including an FN MAG gun , some ammonium nitrate and several pipes . Bin Kasau , along with three accomplices , was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment . However , bin Kasau later escaped from Gunungsari Penitentiary , Makassar , in 2007 .
Norton A . Schwartz Norton Allan Schwartz ( born December 14 , 1951 ) is a retired United States Air Force general who served as the 19th Chief of Staff of the Air Force . He previously served as Commander , United States Transportation Command from September 2005 to August 2008 . As Chief of Staff , he served as the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization , training and equipping of nearly 700 , 000 active - duty , Guard , Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas . As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the general and other service chiefs function as military advisers to the Secretary of Defense , National Security Council and the President . He Became Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force August 12 , 2008 . General Schwartz graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1973 . He is an alumnus of the National War College , a member of the Council on Foreign Relations , and a 1994 Fellow of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ' s Seminar XXI . He has served as Commander of the U . S . Special Operations Command - Pacific , as well as Alaskan Command , Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command Region and the 11th Air Force . General Schwartz is a command pilot with more than 4 , 400 flying hours in a variety of aircraft . He participated as a crewmember in the 1975 airlift evacuation of Saigon , and in 1991 served as Chief of Staff of the Joint Special Operations Task Force for Northern Iraq in operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm . In 1997 , he led the Joint Task Force that prepared for the noncombatant evacuation of U . S . citizens in Cambodia . General Schwartz is the first Air Force Chief of Staff not to have a background as a fighter or bomber pilot , and it is speculated that Secretary of Defense Robert Gates picked him for that reason . Background . Schwartz grew up in Toms River , New Jersey , the son of a typewriter salesman . The first Jewish Chief of Staff of the Air Force , Schwartz was a member of the U . S . Air Force Academy Jewish choir before his 1973 graduation . In 2004 General Schwartz was awarded the Jewish Community Center ' s Military Leadership Award . In accepting the award , General Schwartz said he was " proud to be identified as Jewish as well as an American military leader . "
Iwamura Castle Background . The castle was first founded in 1185 by Kato Kagekado who was the vassal or retainers of Minamoto no Yoritomo and from the 13th to 16th centuries , it was in the fief of the Tōyama clan ( 遠山氏 " Tōyama - shi " ) . Toyama Kageto ( who was the retainer of Oda Nobunaga ) would be the of the Toyama ' s to ruler . Siege of Iwamura . In 1572 , after the Siege of Iwamura , Takeda Shingen took the castle and entrusted it to Akiyama Nobutomo . The widow of Toyama Kageto negotiated the castles surrender and her own marriage to Nobutomo — for protection . Revenge . From July – December 1575 , Oda Nobunaga attacked and took the castle , and after a 6 month siege he promised Nobutomo safety and his life if he ended holding out . However he reneged on his word and had Nobutomo and his wife executed by hanging upside down — a punishment usually reserved for traitors . Nobunaga would eventually become " Shogun " or military ruler of all Japan . Various Rulers . Nobunaga placed the castle under the command of Toyotomi Hideyoshi . Hideyoshi in turn transferred power of Iwamura Castle to Tamaru Tomotada . After the Battle of Sekigahara , it was occupied under Tokugawa rule by the Ogyu Daimyo from 1601 to 1638 , by the Niwa clan from 1638 to 1702 , and finally by the Ishikawa clan from 1702 until the end of the Tokugawa period in 1868 . Dismantling . In 1873 Iwamura Castle was dismantled under a castle abolishment law . Today some stone walls and a turret are what remains of the old castle . Today Iwamura Castle is considered in the top 3 examples of mountaintop castles in Japan .
13th Brigade ( Australia ) The 13th Brigade is an Army Reserve formation of the Australian Army headquartered at Karrakatta , Western Australia . Its various units have depots in Geraldton , Kalgoorlie , Albany and Katanning as well as Joondalup and Rockingham in the metro area . The 13th Brigade was first created in early 1916 and has been recreated multiple times since . The current brigade was formed in 1988 and is tasked with the protection of Western Australia . It forms part of the 2nd Division of the Australian Army . History . World War I . Following the evacuation of Gallipoli in December 1915 a decision was made to create three additional Australian divisions . It was decided that half of each of the battalions of the first four brigades would be used as the nucleus of the new battalions to be formed . The 3rd Infantry Brigade was divided as follows to form the 13th Infantry Brigade , 4th Australian Division . The 13th Brigade sailed from Alexandria for France on 30 March 1916 and by 20 May 1916 , was established in a sector of the line at Petillon , France . The 13th Brigade is best known for their actions in retaking Villers - Bretonneux during the Second Battle of the Somme . Following the end of the war the battalion of 13 Brigade where returned home and disbanded . World War II . The brigade was reformed in 1939 in response to the outbreak of the Second World War . Up until 1942 the brigade was practically the only army unit in place to protect the Western Australian coastline from the feared Japan ese invasion . Current Units . Units of the 13th Brigade currently include : All units are part of the Army Reserve .
Oflag VII - C Oflag VII - C was a World War II German prisoner - of - war camp for officer s located in Laufen Castle , in Laufen in south - eastern Bavaria from 1940 to 1942 . Most of the prisoners were British officers captured during the Battle of France in 1940 . To relieve overcrowding , some of the officers were transferred to Oflag VII - C / Z in Tittmoning Castle . The Oflag existed only for a short time . In early 1942 all the officers were transferred to Oflag VII - B in Eichstätt . The castle was then used as an Internment Camp Ilag VII for men from the British Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey until the camp was liberated in May 1945 . Previously , in September 1944 , after lengthy negotiations , 125 elderly and sick prisoners were repatriated to Great Britain via Sweden . In April 1944 the count of internees in Laufen included 459 British internees ( 417 Channel Islanders ) and 120 American civilians who had been trapped in Europe when war was suddenly declared in December 1941 . Even though the camp housed civilians , it continued to be operated by the German Army . The camp was liberated by the U . S . 3rd Army on 5 May 1945 . Eight Channel Island internees died in Laufen camp during the period of internment .
USS Snapper ( SP - 2714 ) The second USS " Snapper " ( SP - 2714 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1919 . " Snapper " was built as a gasoline - powered commercial fishing boat of the same name in 1906 by T . E . Tull at Pocomoke City , Maryland . On 14 September 1918 , the U . S . Navy purchased her at Norfolk , Virginia , from W . S . Webber of Norfolk for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned at Norfolk as USS " Snapper " ( SP - 2714 ) on 5 October 1918 . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Snapper " served on patrol duty in Hampton Roads and the Virginia Capes area through the end of World War I . " Snapper " was sold to the Neptune Line of New York City on 11 September 1919 .
Corvette captain Corvette captain is a rank in many navies which theoretically corresponds to command of a corvette ( small warship ) . The equivalent rank in the United Kingdom , Commonwealth and USA is lieutenant commander . The Royal Canadian Navy uses bilingual ranks with " capitaine de corvette " being the French equivalent of lieutenant commander . Notable users of the rank of corvette captain in Europe include the navies of France , Germany , Italy and Spain . Other users include many Latin American countries . While the NATO rank code is OF - 3 the official translation of the rank as per NATO STANAG 2116 varies between " commander junior grade " and " commander " ( with the next senior rank being translated as " commander senior grade " ) . Some NATO members class their corvette captains as OF - 4 when they are serving afloat . The Russian / Soviet equivalent is " captain , 3rd grade " ( " капита́н 3 - го р́анга " ) .
Alexander Sachal Alexander P . Sachal , born November 1924 in Kiev , Ukraine , is a Russia n artist who lives in the United States . Sachal ' s mother moved to Moscow when he was six , where his childhood was hard and lonely . He joined the Fine Arts School in Moscow at the age of 16 ; his drawings and designs were featured on many of Joseph Stalin ' s posters . At 17 , he joined the Russian Army during World War II , and fought on the North Caucasian Front . He was sent back to Moscow to recover from injuries from an explosion in his machine - gun nest , and later returned to the front line again . Captured by the Germans , he was forced to work in iron - ore mines at Alsace - Lorraine . He escaped the prisoner - of - war camp after a year and a half , in March 1944 , and spent four weeks walking to Burgundy , France . However on arrival , he was imprisoned for vagrancy by French police . Later he joined the French Resistance , under the code name " Le Jeune Russe " , but was machine - gunned down and severely wounded by Germans . Fortunately he was rescued and hidden in safety by a French family until the arrival of the Allied Forces . Sachal received the Croix de Guerre for his bravery . When the war ended , Sachal moved to Paris , and studied at Académie Julian and Académie de la Grande Chaumière for three years while recovering from his wounds . In 1947 he went to Argentina , but after two years , he returned to Paris and resumed his studies . In 1955 he moved to northern California , where he worked as a commercial artist . The San Francisco Chronicle called him " The Michelangelo of Highway 101 " , in reference to the advertisements which he hand - painted on large roadside billboards . In 1960 he returned to Europe , and lived in Spain for 16 years . The Spanish influence on his art is evident , since his bold and colourful style is reminiscent of Picasso . His work has been exhibited in Paris , London , Germany , Madrid , Malaga , New York and San Francisco . In 1976 he returned to the USA . He lives in Petaluma , California , with his wife Carol , and continues to work as an artist . The Pelican Art Gallery has said of Sachal ' s work
Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress is a fortification system in Kotka , Finland . It is part of the South - Eastern Finland fortification system built by Russia after Russo - Swedish War of 1788 - 1790 . Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress formed the southern part of a double fortress together with Kyminlinna and it was built to counter the Swedish sea fortresses of Svartholm in Loviisa and Sveaborg ( Suomenlinna ) in Helsinki . Ruotsinsalmi also acted as an outpost of the Kronstadt sea fortress in Saint Petersburg . During the Crimean War a British - French fleet destroyed the Ruotsinsalmi fortifications in 1855 . Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress is composed of a number of separate forts , redoubts and artillery batteries . The main fortress was the Fort Katarina located on the southern part of Kotkansaari island in the present - day Katariina neighbourhood . Other larger forts were Fort Elisabeth in Varissaari island and Fort Slava in Kukouri island . Remnants of smaller forts can also be found for example in Tiutinen island .
Elijah V . White Elijah Viers " Lige " White ( August 29 , 1832 – January 11 , 1907 ) was commander of the partisan 35th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War . His men became commonly known as " White ' s Comanches " for their war cries and sudden raids on enemy targets . Early life . Elijah White was born in the area of Poolesville , Maryland . In 1855 , White moved to Missouri to fight in the border wars with Kansas . The following year , he returned home and bought the Ball farm across the Potomac River in Loudoun County , Virginia , in the vicinity of the Big Spring north of Leesburg . Civil War . At the outbreak of the Civil War , White enlisted in Captain Daniel T . Shreve ' s Loudoun Cavalry , where he quickly rose to the rank of corporal . His service with the unit was short , and in June 1861 he joined Company C in Lt . Col . Turner Ashby ' s 7th Virginia Cavalry . While home on furlough , White served as an aide and scout for Col . Eppa Hunton ' s 8th Virginia Infantry during the Battle of Ball ' s Bluff , which took place near his farm . For his invaluable service in the fight , White was given a captain ' s commission and granted permission to raise a company of men from Loudoun County for border service in the Provisional Army of the Confederacy . The 35th . In December 1861 , White established recruiting offices for his command in Leesburg , and by January 11 he had raised enough men to have an active unit in the army . He was ordered to scout around Waterford . Two months later on March 19 , the Comanches had enough members to be formally organized as the 35th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry . Although raised for border service and highly involved in the partisan fighting in Loudoun County , Elijah White and the 35th were quickly mustered into regular service and fought in several major campaigns and battles , including Jackson ' s Valley Campaign and the Battle of Brandy Station . The 35th Battalion was one of the first Confederate units to arrive in Gettysburg , chasing off Pennsylvania militia on June 26 , 1863 , during an expedition to the Susquehanna River . For the final months of the war , Elijah White and the 35th were a part of the celebrated " Laurel Brigade . " Following the Battle of High Bridge on April 6 , 1865 , in which General James Dearing was fatally wounded , White was placed in command of that brigade . Four days later , White disbanded the Laurel Brigade and the 35th . Nearly a month later on May 8 , White was paroled in Winchester . Postbellum life . After the war , White returned to Loudoun County a hero and resumed his farming operations . In 1866 he successfully ran for county sheriff . The four - year term was the only time in public office that White would spend . He served as President of Peoples National Bank of Leesburg for a time and also took over operation of Conrad ' s Ferry , changing the name to White ' s Ferry , which still operates today . White died January 11 , 1907 , and is buried in Union Cemetery in Leesburg .
Jack Duppa - Miller Lieutenant - Commander John Bryan Peter Duppa - Miller ( 22 May 1903 – 15 December 1994 ) , born John Bryan Peter Miller and known as Jack Duppa - Miller , was a Royal Navy officer who was awarded the George Cross for his " great gallantry and undaunted devotion to duty " in bomb disposal work during the Blitz of late 1940 . He was attached to HMS " Vernon " and rendered many unexploded devices safe , including several parachute mine s which fell onto the bank of the River Roding in Essex . George Cross . Temporary Sub - Lieutenant Miller ( working closely with Able Seaman Stephen Tuckwell ) defused and rendered safe numerous enemy bombs and mines . They were both awarded the George Cross for dealing with a parachute mine that had fallen into the soft mud bank of the Roding River , which runs into Barking Creek . Sub - Lieutenant Miller commandeered a canoe and having put this on a fire - float with the UXB kit , he and Tuckwell ventured out into the river . They then left the River Fire Service fire - float and went on in the canoe , until they sighted the black rim of the mine which was stuck in the mud by the nose . Tuckwell refused Miller ' s a suggestion that he should retire to a place of safety . He pointed out that as Sub - Lieutenant Miller would be working under at least a foot of water he would need someone to hand him the tools . They managed to get out one fuse , but could not reach the other , so appealed to several crane - drivers who had come to see what was happening , and they at once volunteered to help . The two experts got back into the water , put ropes round the mine , and with the assistance of the crane - drivers , the huge cylinder was dragged slowly out of the creek , over the muddy bank and up on to the wharf . The final stages of the operation were then completed . George Cross citation . His award was citedin the " London Gazette " of the 14 January 1941 . Miller was married to Clare Heald and was father to Conservative MP Hal Miller .