naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
405 Maritime Patrol Squadron 405 Long Range Patrol Squadron is a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) within the Canadian Forces , initially formed as No . 405 Squadron RCAF during the Second World War . Service history . World War II . No . 405 Squadron RCAF was formed at Driffield , Yorkshire , on 23 April 1941 as an Article XV squadron and equipped with the Vickers Wellington bomber . It flew the RCAF ' s first bombing operation ten weeks later on 12 / 13 June , attacking the railway marshalling yards at Schwerte . It converted to the Handley Page Halifax in April 1942 , taking part in the historic 1 , 000 - bomber raid on Cologne on the night of 30 / 31 May 1942 . In late October 1942 , the squadron was loaned to Coastal Command to fly anti - submarine patrols in the Bay of Biscay at the time of the North African landings . Returning to Bomber Command at the beginning of March 1943 , the squadron flew with No . 6 Group RCAF for short time before being selected for the elite No . 8 ( Pathfinder ) Group , with which it served until the end of the war . Through the last 20 months of the bomber offensive the squadron was equipped with the Avro Lancaster . The squadron ' s last operational mission took place on 25 April 1945 when nine Lancasters bombed the Berghof , and four aircraft bombed enemy gun batteries on island of Wangerooge . The squadron was disbanded on 5 September 1945 . Post war . The squadron was reformed on 1 April 1947 as No . 405 Bomber Reconnaissance Squadron at RCAF Station Greenwood , and was later redesignated No . 405 Maritime Reconnaissance Squadron and then No . 405 Maritime Patrol Squadron . In April 1950 , as a Maritime Patrol Squadron , the squadron was equipped with modified Mark X Lancasters . These were replaced in mid - 1955 by the P2V7 Neptune giving the squadron a much greater anti - submarine capability . In April 1958 the squadron was given the distinction of being the first to fly the Canadian - built CP - 107 Argus . The squadron made its last flight in the Argus on 10 November 1980 before introducing the CP - 140 Aurora . Current operations . Though 405 Squadron ' s primary combat functions are anti - submarine ( ASW ) and anti - surface warfare ( ASUW ) , most of its time is spent fulfilling a variety of non - combat roles . These include search and rescue , counter - drug operations with the RCMP , and anti - pollution and fisheries patrols .
Air Defence Cadet Corps In 1938 , Air Commodore Chamier ' s plan to form an Air Defence Cadet Corps ( ADCC ) came to fruition . His idea was to attract and train young men who had an interest in aviation , from all over the country . He planned to set up squadron s of young cadet s in as many towns and cities as possible , and ask local people to organise and run them . Air Commodore Chamier ' s idea seemed to capture the mood of the British people at the time . In their eagerness to help the nation in preparation for war , young men rushed to join the Corps in their thousands . The cadets were asked to pay a weekly subscription of 3 d . Aim . Each squadron ' s aim was to prepare cadets for joining the RAF or the Fleet Air Arm . They tried to give the cadets as much Service and aviation background as possible as well as giving instruction in drill , discipline , how to wear the uniform and how to behave on RAF station s . The training the cadets received also meant development of personal physical fitness . PT , games and athletics , especially cross country running and long route marches , soon became standard squadron activities . Cadets were also encouraged to take part in activities such as shooting , camping and , of course , flying . By the end of 1938 the activities of the ADCC were severely restricted because of the approach of World War II . Members . Many ADCC instructors and squadron officers were called up into regular service , buildings were commandeer ed by either the Service or by local government for war work , and cadets went to work on RAF stations . Cadets were used to carry messages , they helped with clerical duties , in providing extra muscle in handling aircraft and in the movement of stores and equipment . They filled thousands of sandbags and loaded miles of belts of ammunition . Throughout the early stages of war , the government received good reports as to the quality of cadets entering the RAF and Fleet Air Arm . It was so impressed that it asked the ADCC to begin training young men who were waiting to be called into service . The ADCC willingly took on this very responsible job and in a very short space of time produced thousands of well qualified individuals who went to pass quickly through basic training . Establishment of the ATC . Towards the end of 1940 the government realised the true value of the work done by the ADCC and agreed to take over its control . This meant a number of changes to the corps , and in fact brought about the birth of a completely new organisation , called the Air Training Corps . So on the 5 February 1941 the Air Training Corps ( ATC ) was officially established , with King George VI very kindly agreeing to be the Air Commodore - in - Chief , and issuing a Royal Warrant setting out the Corps ' aims .
Hans Hermann Junge Hans Hermann Junge ( 11 February 1914 – 13 August 1944 ) born in Preetz / Holstein was a German SS officer who served as aide - de - camp to Adolf Hitler . Junge was born in Wilster in Schleswig - Holstein Province . He joined the SS in 1933 . In 1934 he volunteered for the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler , and in 1936 he joined Hitler ' s escort commando . In 1940 Junge became a valet and orderly to Hitler and met Traudl Humps , who was Hitler ' s last private secretary . Junge was second to Heinz Linge . On Hitler ' s suggestion , Junge and Humps got married on 19 June 1943 . On 14 July 1943 , he joined the Waffen - SS . About Junge ' s going to the front , his wife Traudl wrote in her memoirs : The following year he died in combat as an SS - Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) in a low flying aircraft attack in Dreux , France . According to Lehmann and Carroll , " Hitler had liked Hans Junge and was so upset by his death that he broke the news to < nowiki > [ < / nowiki > Traudl Junge < nowiki > ] < / nowiki > personally . "
Texas Secretary of the Navy The Secretary of the Navy of the Republic of Texas was a member of the Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Texas responsible for naval affairs and management of the Texas Navy . The office lasted from 1836 until 1841 , when it was merged with Secretary of War under the title Secretary of War and Marine by President Sam Houston during his second term .
Hermann Plocher Hermann Plocher ( 5 January 1901 – 8 December 1980 ) was a " Luftwaffe " commander during World War II and Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves recipient . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Skywatcher ( AGR - 3 ) USS " Skywatcher " ( YAGR - 3 / AGR - 3 ) was a " Guardian " - class radar picket ship acquired by the U . S . Navy in 1954 . She was converted into a radar picket ship and assigned to radar picket duty in the North Atlantic Ocean as part of the Distant Early Warning Line . Built in Panama City , Florida . " Skywatcher " ( YAGR - 3 ) was laid down on 30 November 1944 by the J . A . Jones Co . , Panama City , Florida , as the " Rafael R . Rivera " ( MC hull 2337 ) , U . S . Maritime Administration type ZEC2C5 ; launched on 16 January 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . Evelyn Anderson ; acquired by the Navy on 20 September 1954 ; and commissioned on 29 March 1955 , Lt . Cdr . John Anto in command . Radar patrol duty . " Skywatcher " was operated by the States Marine Corporation as " Rafael R . Rivera " . She was acquired by the Navy and converted at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard , Norfolk , Virginia , into an ocean station radar ship . In July 1955 , she assumed her first duties in the Contiguous Radar Coverage System of the United States while operating out of Newport , Rhode Island . In September 1958 , the ship ' s designation was changed from " YAGR - 3 " to radar picket ship " AGR - 3 " . Her home port was changed to Davisville , Rhode Island , and she operated from there until early 1965 with Radar Picket Squadron 2 , spending over 50 percent of her time on her assigned picket station . Decommissioning . In March 1965 , " Skywatcher " was placed in reserve , out of commission , and struck from the Navy List on 1 April . She was sold on 23 December 1970 to Daewood Corp . , Ltd . , of Karachi , Pakistan , and scrapped .
94th Bombardment Wing ( World War II ) The 94th Bombardment Wingis an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Eighth Air Force , 1st Air Division , based at RAF Alconbury , England . It was inactivated on 18 June 1945 . History . Operations . Command and control organization for VIII Bomber Command . Had no groups until April 1944 . Flew in combat in the European theater from 2 June until 14 August 1944 when its groups were reassigned .
David Fleming , Lord Fleming David Pinkerton Fleming , Lord Fleming MC ( 11 February 1877 – 20 October 1944 ) was a Scottish politician and judge . He was educated at Glasgow High School , the University of Edinburgh and University of Glasgow , and was called to the Scottish Bar in 1902 . He was on active service with the Cameronians ( he had originally been commissioned into the volunteer battalion of the Highland Light Infantry ) during World War I , for which he was awarded the Military Cross and the Belgian Croix de Guerre . He took silk in 1921 . He served as Solicitor General for Scotland from 1922 – 1923 and from 1924 – 1926 , and was Unionist Member of Parliament for UK Parliament constituency from 1924 to 1926 . He was appointed to the Court of Session bench on 19 December 1925 , with the judicial title Lord Fleming . He was appointed an Honorary Bencher of Middle Temple in 1940 .
Equites singulares Augusti The equites singulares Augusti ( lit : " personal cavalry of the emperor " i . e . imperial horseguards ) during the Principate period of imperial Rome . Based in Rome , the Germanic warriors ( " Germani corporis custodes " or " cohors Germanorum " ) escorted the Roman emperor whenever he left the City on campaign or on tours of the provinces . The regiment was reconstituted in the late 1st century AD as a milliary " ala " , under the command of a " tribunus militum " . Initially , it contained 720 horse , divided into 24 " turma e " , or squadrons , of 30 men each . Numbers rose to around 1 , 000 under Hadrian ( r . 117 - 38 ) and the regiment was expanded to 2 , 000 horse in the early 3rd century by the emperor Septimius Severus ( ruled AD 197 - 211 ) . The base constructed at this time for the expanded unit has been excavated underneath the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano , Rome ( see Castra Nova equitum singularium ) . Recruited from the finest troopers of the " alae " ( cavalry regiments of the imperial army ' s auxilia corps ) , the " equites singulares " was the only regiment of the Guard that admitted " peregrini " , imperial subjects who were not Roman citizens . On Trajan ' s Column ( AD 113 ) , the standards of the unit are depicted bearing the same lightning - and - thunderbolt motif ( with or without wings ) as the legions . It appears that after some campaigns , detachments of " singulares " were left behind in the provinces , to form the core of new regular " alae " , which retained the prestigious " singulares " title and crack reputation e . g . the " Ala I Flavia singularium " stationed in Raetia in mid 2nd century . In AD 312 , after the defeat of the emperor Maxentius at the battle of the Milvian bridge , the regiment was disbanded , together with the Praetorian Guard , by the emperor Constantine I ( ruled 312 - 37 ) . The unit may already have become redundant , if the " scholae " , elite cavalry regiments escorting the emperor , had already been established by the emperor Diocletian ( ruled 284 - 305 ) . Alternatively , the " scholae " may have been founded by Constantine as a direct replacement for the " equites singulares " .
Friedrich Fromm Friedrich Fromm ( 8 October 1888 – 12 March 1945 ) was a German army officer . A recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , he was executed for failing to act against the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler . Early life . Fromm was born in Charlottenburg . He served as a lieutenant during World War I . 20 July Plot . In World War II , Fromm was Commander in Chief of the Reserve Army ( " Ersatzheer " ) , in charge of training and personnel replacement for the German Army , a position he occupied for most of the war . Though he was aware that some of his subordinates — most notably Claus von Stauffenberg , his Chief of Staff — were planning an assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler , he remained quiet and agreed to have a part in it if he became a top official of the new government after the mutiny . When the attempt to proceed with the mutiny on July 15 failed , Fromm refused to have any further part in their mutiny . However , on July 20 the news broke out that Hitler had been the victim of an explosion in a Nazi base in Poland near Russia ; Wolf ' s Lair . Fromm quickly realized that it was Stauffenberg and the plotters that did it , and when he tried to arrest them , they overthrew him and locked him in a jail cell in the headquarters . When the mutiny failed , Fromm was found by Nazis and freed . He immediately had the conspirators executed ( against Hitler ' s orders to take the conspirators alive ) to cover up potential allegations that he himself was involved . However , these actions did not save him . Trial and execution . After executing the top plotters , Fromm returned to his office for the night . There he was met by various Nazi officers , Dr . Goebbels among them . Their talk ended with Goebbels saying " You ' ve been in a damned hurry to get witnesses out of your way . " The next morning on July 22 , 1944 , Fromm was arrested by Nazi officials and locked in jail to await trial . Fromm was discharged from the German Army on 14 September 1944 . The civilian Fromm was sentenced to death and considered unworthy for military duty by the " Volksgerichtshof " on 7 March 1945 . Since the court failed to prove a direct association with the 20 July plotters , he had been charged and convicted for cowardice before the enemy . The loss of his worthiness for military service led to a permanent loss of all honors , ranks , and orders . On 12 March 1945 , Fromm was executed at the Brandenburg - Görden Prison by firing squad as part of the post - conspiracy purge . His last words before the firing squad were reported to be " " I die , because it was ordered . I had always wanted only the best for Germany . " "
Amiral Baudin - class ironclad The Amiral Baudin class was a type of ironclad battleship s of the French Navy . Design and history . They were built on a design similar to that of " Amiral Duperré " , enlarged and designed from the start to use steam propulsion only . They were upgraded with armoured masts carrying small guns . < br style = " clear : left ; " >
Battle of Caravaggio The Battle of Caravaggio was fought near Caravaggio , in Lombardy ( northern Italy ) , between the armies of the Ambrosian Republic ( Milan ' s short lived republic ) and the Republic of Venice , on 15 September 1448 . The commander of the Milanese army was the condottiero Francesco Sforza , who later , with the help of the same Venetian armies , would conquer Milan and establish himself as its duke .
Oliver James Dickey Oliver James Dickey ( April 6 , 1823 – April 21 , 1876 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Oliver J . Dickey ( son of John Dickey ) was born in Old Brighton , Pennsylvania . He attended Beaver Academy and Dickinson College in Carlisle , Pennsylvania . He studied law , was admitted to the bar at Lancaster , Pennsylvania , in 1844 and practiced . He served as district attorney of Lancaster County , Pennsylvania , from 1856 to 1859 . During the American Civil War , Dickey served as lieutenant colonel of the Tenth Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteers . Dickey was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thaddeus Stevens and on the same day was elected to the Forty - first Congress . He was reelected to the Forty - second Congress . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1872 . He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention at Harrisburg , Pennsylvania in 1873 . He resumed the practice of law in Lancaster and died in 1876 . He was interred in Woodward Hill Cemetery .
USS Great Sitkin ( AE - 17 ) USS " Great Sitkin " ( AE - 17 ) was launched under Maritime Commission contract by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co . , Wilmington , N . C . , 20 January 1945 ; sponsored by Miss Anne L . Dimon ; and commissioned at Charleston . S . C . , 11 August 1945 , Lt . Comdr . William F . Smith in command . After shakedown out of Norfolk , " Great Sitkin " sailed to New York 25 November to begin dumping condemned ammunition in an assigned area off Sandy Hook , N . J . She continued this duty for nearly a year , returning to Norfolk in November 1946 . " Great Sitkin ' s " pattern of operations for the next few years took her to the Caribbean and the Canal Zone on ammunition replenishment trips , as well as twice to Gibraltar . In addition , she participated in local operations . From 1951 " Great Sitkin " served as a mobile ready reserve source of ammunition for the Fleet . She regularly deployed to the Mediterranean to support the 6th Fleet , a bulwark of freedom in the region , and served the Fleet during crises in trouble spots such as Lebanon and Suez . When not deployed in the Mediterranean , she operated out of New York , participating in various fleet maneuvers in the Atlantic and the Caribbean . During the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 , she sailed for the Caribbean 23 October , following President Kennedy ' s announcement of a naval quarantine around the Communist island . She cruised the Caribbean during the next several weeks carrying reserve ammunition for American ships on quarantine duty off Cuba . Departing the Caribbean 16 December , she returned to New York and resumed her pattern of operations in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean . Between August 1963 and July 1966 " Great Sitkin " deployed three times with the 6th Fleet , and during these tours she participated in several Fleet and NATO exercises . After a 3 - month overhaul Great Sitkin left Bethlehem Steel Shipyard , Hoboken , N . J . , in December 1966 for training exercises off Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . She continued to support American ships in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean , and stood ready to supply ammunition necessary for the continuing task of keeping the peace . In 1968 , " Great Sitkin " supported the Seventh Fleet during U . S . Naval operations in the Vietnam War . The ship was struck from the Naval Register in 1973 .
Peter von der Pahlen Peter von der Pahlen ( ; 1778 - 1864 ) was a Russia n military commander and a General of the Imperial Russian Army . Son to Russian statesman and regicide Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen and brother to Russian diplomat Fyodor Palen , Peter von der Pahlen was an heir to an old family of Baltic Germans . Joining the army at an early age , in 1798 he was promoted to the rank of Colonel and in 1800 - to Major General . Highly decorated for his command in the Polish campaign of the Napoleonic Wars ( 1806 - 1807 ) , he retired from service in 1823 . Recalled to the army in 1828 for the Russo - Turkish War ( 1828 – 29 ) , he also was a high ranking Russian commander during the subsequent November Uprising , and notably the Battle of Warsaw ( 1831 ) .
JDS Hyūga ( DDH - 181 ) The ship was built by IHI Marine United and commissioned into service on 18 March 2009 . Service . This ship delivered supplies and other disaster relief after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami . " Hyūga " became the first Japanese ship to have an American MV - 22 Osprey land aboard it during exercise Dawn Blitz in San Diego , California on June 14 , 2013 .
John Augustus Wood Colonel John Augustus Wood VC ( 10 June 1818 – 23 January 1878 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Wood was 38 years old , and a captain in the 20th Bombay Native Infantry , Bombay Army during the Persian War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 9 December 1856 at Bushire , Persia , Captain Wood led a Grenadier Company which formed the head of the assaulting column and was the first man on the parapet of the fort , where he was immediately attacked by a large number of the garrison . A volley was fired at Captain Wood and the head of the storming party at very close range but although the captain was hit by seven musket balls he at once threw himself upon the enemy , killing their leader . He was closely followed by the men of his company and speedily overcame all opposition . His was the first Victoria Cross to be won in a British Indian regiment and the standard captured that day is still preserved by the battalion . Further information . He later achieved the rank of colonel . His VC is held by the 2 Rajputana Rifles regiment of the Indian Army .
Battle of Cambrils The Battle of Cambrils or the Massacre of Cambrils took place in December 1640 during the Catalan Revolt . The revolt had started in May – June 1640 and as a reaction the Spanish Army had occupied Tortosa in Catalonia in September . On December 8 a large army under Pedro Fajardo de Zúñiga y Requesens headed for Barcelona , passing through Cambrils . Here , a small force of Catalan rebels attempted to ambush this much larger force , before withdrawing into the town and attempting to defend it . After several days of bombardment and heavy fighting the Spanish captured the town . < br > When the defenders tried to surrender , some 700 of them were massacred . The three leaders were quickly trialed and executed on the garrote . The next day , more people were hanged and the city was sacked . < br > The Spanish army then continued in the direction of Barcelona , taking Tarragona on December 24 . Later this army was decisively defeated in the Battle of Montjuïc on January 23 .
Battle of Vincy The Battle of Vincy ( Vincy is now called Les Rues - des - Vignes ) was fought at Vincy , near Cambrai , in the modern " département " of Nord . It was a contest between Charles Martel and the Austrasia ns on one side and the king of the Franks , Chilperic II , and his mayor of the palace , Ragenfrid , on the other . Chilperic and Ragenfrid returned defeated to Neustria after the Battle of Amblève . Instead of following them at once , Charles again used tactics he would use all his remaining life , in a career of absolute success . He took time to rally more men and prepare , before descending in full force . He chose where to provoke them to battle , and , at a place and time of his choosing , in Spring 717 , Charles eventually followed them and dealt them a serious blow at Vincy on 21 March . He chased the fleeing king and mayor to Paris . On this success , he proclaimed one Clotaire IV king of Austrasia in opposition to Chilperic and deposed the bishop of Rheims , Rigobert , replacing him with one Milo . The defeated Chilperic II , and his mayor of the palace , Ragenfrid , were essentially broken after this battle .