naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cohors V Delmatarum Cohors quinta Delmatarum ( " 5th Cohort of Dalmatae " ) was a Roman auxiliary infantry unit . It is named after the Dalmatae , an Illyrian - speaking tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia . The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged , and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike . He claims that they did not use money long after their neighbours adopted it and that they " made war on the Romans for a long time " . He also criticises the Dalmatae , a nation of pastoralists , for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture . Indeed , the name of the tribe itself is believed to mean " shepherds " , derived from the Illyrian word " delme " ( " sheep " ) . The final time this people fought against Rome was in the Illyrian revolt of 6 - 9 AD . The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia . The resulting war was described by the Roman writer Suetonius as the most difficult faced by Rome since the Punic Wars two centuries earlier . But after the war , the Dalmatae became a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army . According to Holder , a total of 12 " cohortes Delmatarum " appear to have been raised after the suppression of the Illyrian revolt in two series , of 7 and 5 respectively . All these units were in existence by the time of emperor Claudius ( r . 41 - 54 ) Of these , 9 appear to have survived into the 2nd century . The regiment was probably raised by founder - emperor Augustus ( r . 30BC - 14AD ) after 9 AD . It was certainly in existence by the time of Claudius ( r . 41 - 54 ) . It is unclear why two " cohortes Delmatarum " were given the same number " V " : this regiment and cohors V Delmatarum c . R . in Mauretania Tingitana ) . Spaul suggests the regiment in Mauretania may be the cohors I Liburnorum renamed . The regiment first appears in the datable epigraphic record in 74 AD in Germania ( prob . Superior ) . It was still in Germania Superior in 185 , the time of its last datable inscription . The regiment ' s tile stamp has been found at the Roman fort of Böckingen and epitaphs at Arnsburg , Moguntiacum and Wiesbaden . The names of 1 " praefectus " ( regimental commander ) and 2 " centurion es " ( infantry officers ) are preserved , without origins . The names of 3 " caligati " ( common soldiers ) are also preserved , two of whom were Illyrians .
HMS Lively ( 1804 ) HMS " Lively " was a 38 - gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy , launched on 23 July 1804 at Woolwich Dockyard , and commissioned later that month . She was the prototype of the eponymous " Lively " class of 18 - pounder frigates , designed by the Surveyor of the Navy , Sir William Rule . It was probably the most successful British frigate design of the Napoleonic Wars , to which fifteen more sister ships would be ordered between 1803 and 1812 . Action of 5 October 1804 . In October 1804 , " Lively " was under the command of Captain ( later Vice - Admiral Sir ) Graham Eden Hammond . On 5 October , a British squadron of four frigates , " Lively " , " Medusa " , and " Amphion " and , with Graham Moore as Commodore , " Indefatigable " , intercepted four Spanish frigates under the command of Rear - Admiral Don Joseph Bustamente , Knight of the Order of St . James , off Cadiz . As it transpired later , they were carrying bullion from Montevideo , South America to Spain . Spain was at the time a neutral country , but was showing strong signs of declaring war in alliance with Napoleonic France . Acting on Admiralty orders Moore required the Spaniards to change their course and sail for England . Admiral Bustamente refused and a short engagement ensued . First , " Mercedes " blew up . Then " Indefatigable " captured " Medée " and " Lively " captured " Clara " . After a further chase , " Lively " and " Medusa " captured " Fama " . " Indefatigable " had no casualties . " Amphion " had five men wounded , one badly . " Lively " had two killed and four wounded . " Indefatigable " and " Amphion " escorted " Medée " and " Fama " to Plymouth . " Medusa " and " Lively " brought in " Clara " . The Royal Navy took " Medea " into service as and " Clara " as . The value of the treasure was very large , and if it had been treated as Prize of War then Moore and his brother captains would have become extremely wealthy . As it was the money ( and ships ) were declared to be " Droits of Admiralty " on the grounds that war had not been declared , and the captains and crew shared a relatively small " ex gratia " payment of £160 , 000 for the bullion , plus the proceeds of the sale of the hull and cargo . In March 1805 , " Lively " was attached to Sir James Craig ' s military expedition to Italy . Along with , Craig ' s flagship , and HMS " Ambuscade " , " Lively " escorted the fleet of transports to Malta . Fate . On 10 August 1810 , while escorting another convoy to Malta , HMS " Lively " ran aground on rocks near Point Coura , Malta , and was wrecked ; no lives were lost . Workmen from the dockyard at Valletta attempted unsuccessfully to get her off . Work continued until late September when she was abandoned as a wreck after having been stripped of anything of use or value . The court martial dis - rated the master for having sailed too close to shore , and reprimanded the officer of the watch .
Edward Russell , 1st Earl of Orford Admiral of the Fleet Edward Russell , 1st Earl of Orford , PC ( 1653 – 26 November 1727 ) was the First Lord of the Admiralty under King William III . Naval career . He was a son of the Hon . Edward Russell , a younger son of the 4th Earl of Bedford and a younger brother of the 5th Earl ( later 1st Duke of Bedford ) . He married his cousin , Lady Margaret Russell , youngest daughter of the 5th Earl , but they had no children . He was one of the first gentleman officers of the Royal Navy regularly bred to the sea . In 1671 , he was named Lieutenant at the age of eighteen and was promoted to Captain in the following year . In the Third Anglo - Dutch War he saw active service in the North Sea in 1672 and 1673 . Russell later served in the Mediterranean in the operations against the Barbary Pirates with Sir John Narborough and Arthur Herbert from 1676 to 1682 . In 1683 he ceased to be employed , as all of the members of the Russell family had fallen into disfavour with the King after the discovery of Lord Russell ' s connection with the Rye House Plot . In 1688 , Russell was one of the Immortal Seven , a group of English noblemen who issued the " Invitation to William " , a document asking William of Orange to depose King James II . In the subsequent War of the Grand Alliance , Russell served at sea , commanding the fleet as " Admiral of the Fleet " after 1690 . In 1692 , Russell was Commander - in - Chief of the Anglo - Dutch force that fought the French fleet at Barfleur , and destroyed much of it at La Hougue , his victory there being the decisive naval battle of the war . Russell became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1694 , remaining in that post until 1699 . He served in the Mediterranean from 1694 to 1695 and was created Baron Shingay , Viscount Barfleur , and Earl of Orford in 1697 . These titles all became extinct on the childless Orford ' s death . On the orders of King William III , he was the first English commander to over - winter at Cadiz ( rather than sailing his squadron home in the autumn ) and so inaugurated a policy that led to the acquisition of an English Mediterranean base at Gibraltar in 1704 . Estate . Russell was lord of the manor of Chippenham , Cambridgeshire from 1689 until his death . Russell remodelled the manor house and greatly extended the estate of Chippenham Park which now dominates the parish to the south of the village .
HMS E9 HMS " E9 " was a British E class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 1 June 1912 and was commissioned on 18 June 1914 . Service history . At dawn on 13 September 1914 , the submarine , commanded by Lieutenant - Commander Horton , torpedoed the German light cruiser six miles southwest of Heligoland . " Hela " was hit amidships with the two torpedoes , fired from a range of 600 yards . All but two of her crew were rescued by the German submarine " U - 18 " and another German ship . Although pursued most of the day by German naval forces , " E9 " managed to reach Harwich safely . Three weeks later , Horton sank the German destroyer " S 116 " off the mouth of the River Ems . For sinking the cruiser and the destroyer , Horton was awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) . " E9 " was scuttled outside Helsinki ( Helsingfors ) off Grohara Light in the Gulf of Finland on 3 April 1918 to avoid seizure by advancing German forces . HMS " E9 " was salvaged for breaking in Finland in August 1953 .
6th ( Poona ) Cavalry Brigade The 6th ( Poona ) Cavalry Brigade also known as the 6th Indian Cavalry Brigade was a brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1903 , following the reforms of the Indian Army by the then Commander - in - Chief , India General Herbert Kitchener . History . The brigade was formed from the cavalry regiments serving in the 6th ( Poona ) Division , with one British and two Indian Army cavalry regiments . It served in the campaign in Mesopotamia during the First World War . Where it was transferred to the Imperial Cavalry Division . When that division was disbanded it served on as an independent brigade .
Battle of Dail - Riabhach The Battle of Dail - Riabhach was a Scottish clan battle that took place in the year 1576 . It was fought between members of the Highland Clan Mackay , with the involvement of John Sinclair , 5th Earl of Caithness , chief of the Clan Sinclair . In 1576 a feud arose between John Mackay , son of the dying Y Roy Mackay , chief of Clan Mackay and Neil Mackay , brother of the chief Y Roy Mackay . John Mackay excluded his uncle Neil Mackay and took possession of the clan lands in Strathnaver . Neil claimed that his nephews John and Donald were Bastards and he took refuge with John Sinclair , Earl of Caithness ( chief of Clan Sinclair ) . Neil obtained a company of men from Sinclair , Earl of Caithness who he sent with his four sons to invade Strathnaver . Neil Mackay ' s forces took possession of Strathnaver from his nephew John Mackay , who in turn took refuge with the Chattan Confederation to seek their support , leaving his brother Donald Mackay to try and defend their territory . Donald Mackay , in the absecne of his brother John surprised their unucle Neil Mackay at Dail - Riabhach and killed two of Neil ' s sons along with the most his company . Afterwards Neil Mackay came willingly and surrendered himself to his nephews John and Donald who executed Neil at a place called Clash - nan - ceap in Strathnaver .
Moselle - Line The Moselle - Line was the designation of a line of French barrier fort s ( " forts d ' arrêt " ) on the upper Moselle between the fortresses of Épinal and Belfort . The purpose of this line , the separate forts of which command the relatively few lines of advance from upper Alsace through the Vosges , was to deflect a possible German invasion from Alsace either towards Belfort or towards the open gap between Épinal and Toul called the " Trouée d ' Épinal " .
Einar Grill Fasting Einar Grill Fasting ( 25 October 1883 – 21 April 1958 ) was a Norwegian businessperson and Nazi politician . In 1933 he co - founded the local branch of the Norwegian Fascist party Nasjonal Samling in Hamar . He became the city leader ( Führer ) , whereas townsman Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie became county leader . Compared to elsewhere in Norway , the party was relatively successful in Hamar , winning two city council seats in its first election outing . Fasting also chaired the local sports club Hamar IL from 1930 to 1934 . On 9 April 1940 Norway was invaded by Nazi Germany . During the subsequent occupation , Fasting was installed by Germans as mayor of Hamar on 1 January 1941 . In July 1941 he was installed as chairman of Hamar , Vang og Furnes Kommunale Kraftselskap . After the Second World War , Fasting was removed from his positions , and was also arrested in May 1945 . He died in 1958 .
Everett W . Anderson Everett W . Anderson ( July 12 , 1839 - February 4 , 1917 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Anderson served in the American Civil War in Company M , 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry for the Union Army . He received the Medal of Honor on December 3 , 1894 . He is the grandson of Isaac Anderson ( congressman ) . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Captured , single - handed , Confederate Brig . Gen . Robert B . Vance during a charge upon the enemy .
List of Victoria Cross recipients of the Indian Army The Victoria Cross ( VC ) was awarded to 153 members of the British Indian Army and civilians under its command , from 1857 until independence in 1947 . The Victoria Cross is a military decoration awarded for valour " in the face of the enemy " to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories . It takes precedence over all other Orders , decorations and medals . It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command . The VC is traditionally presented to the recipient by the British monarch during an investiture at Buckingham Palace , though in a large number of cases this was not possible and it was presented in the field by a prominent civil or military official . The VC was introduced in Great Britain on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War . Indian troops were not originally eligible for the VC , because since 1837 they had been eligible for the Indian Order of Merit — the oldest British gallantry award for general issue . When the VC was created , Indian troops were still controlled by the Honourable East India Company , and did not come under Crown control until 1860 . European officers and men serving with the Honourable East India Company were not eligible for the Indian Order of Merit ; the VC was extended to cover them in October 1857 . It was only at the end of the 19th century that calls for Indian troops to be awarded the VC intensified . Indian troops became eligible for the award in 1911 . The first awards to Indian troops appeared in the " London Gazette " on 7 December 1914 to Darwan Sing Negi and Khudadad Khan . Negi was presented with the VC by King George V two days earlier , on 5 December 1914 , during a visit to troops in France . He is one of a small number of soldiers presented with his award before it appeared in the " London Gazette " . There have been a total of 148 VC recipients who were serving with an Indian Army or Honourable East India Company ( HEIC ) unit . 63 VCs were awarded to British officers and men of the HEIC during the Anglo - Persian War ( 1856 – 1857 ) and the Indian Mutiny of 1857 . 33 VCs were awarded for action in various campaigns between the mutiny in 1857 and the First World War . 18 VCs were awarded for action in the First World War , and 30 in the Second World War . In addition to these , 5 civilians under military command were awarded the VC .
Chloroacetone Chloroacetone is a chemical compound with the formula CCH . At STP it is a colourless liquid with a pungent odour . On exposure to light , it turns to a dark yellow - amber colour . It was used as a tear gas in World War I . Synthesis . Chloroacetone may be synthesized from the reaction between chlorine and diketene , or by the chlorination of acetone . Applications . Chloroacetone is used to make dye couplers for colour photography , and is an intermediate in chemical manufacturing . It is also used in the Feist - Benary synthesis of furan s . Transportation regulations . Transportation of unstabilized chloroacetone has been banned in the United States by the US Department of Transportation . Stabilized chloroacetone is in hazard class 6 . 1 ( Poison Inhalation Hazard ) . Its UN number is 1695 .
Selman Reis Selman Reis was an Ottoman admiral and corsair who was active in the Mamluk Navy of Egypt and later in the Ottoman Navy against the Portuguese in the first half of the 16th century . Selman Reis was originally from the Aegean island of Lesbos . Mercenary for the Mamluk regime . Selman Reis entered the service of the Mamluks , and led a group of 2 , 000 armed Levantines , possibly against the own wishes of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I . Following the disruption of the spice trade between India and Mamluk Egypt by the Portuguese , Selman Reis led a Mamluk fleet of 19 ships into the Indian Ocean in 1515 . He left Suez leading the fleet on 30 September 1515 . The fleet also included 3 , 000 men , 1 , 300 of whom were Turkish soldiers . The fleet built a fortress in Kamaran , but failed to take Yemen and Aden on 17 September 1516 . In 1517 , he defended Jeddah against a Portuguese attack , soon before the fall of the Mamluk regime . Selman Reis was sent to Istanbul and imprisoned for disloyalty until 1520 . Ottoman admiral . Selman Reis came back in favour with the arrival of Ibrahim Pasha in Egypt in 1524 . He was able to make a detailed report of the situation of the Indian Ocean at the time , suggesting the occupation of Ethiopia , Yemen and the Swahili Coast , and the eviction of the Portuguese from Hormuz , Goa and Malacca . In 1525 , the Portuguese raided the Red Sea , further bringing the threat of their fleet closer to Egypt . In 1525 , Selman Reis was put at the head of an Ottoman fleet of 18 ships and 299 cannons as its admiral , with ships taken from the derelict Jiddah fleet and refurbished in Suez . He was in association with Hayreddin al - Rumi , leading around 4 , 000 infantry . They left Suez in 1526 , and first returned Jiddah back to order . Landing in Mocha in January 1527 , they led an expedition into the interior of Yemen to subdue the area , which they succeeding in doing after beheading Mustafa Beg . Aden remained independent but recognized suzerainty to Ottoman rule . The fleet then left to establish a naval base in Kamaran . This allowed the Ottomans to retake control of the Red Sea , and for the first time the Portuguese could not send a fleet in the Red Sea in 1527 . Following these success , various potentates in the Indian Ocean asked for Ottoman help against the Portuguese : in 1527 the Vizier of Hormuz as well as the Zamorin of Calicut . By 1528 , Ottoman mercenaries were present on Islamic shipping as far as Sumatra . After that time however , Selman Reis fell into a dispute with Hayreddin al - Rumi , which greatly weakened these efforts . Selman Reis was later involved in defending India against the Portuguese . He installed Pro - Ottoman forces under Captain Hoca Sefer in Diu , until the failed Ottoman attempt to expel the Portuguese in the 1538 Siege of Diu .
Camp Harding Camp Harding was a 1922 United States Marine Corps encampment on the Gettysburg Battlefield for the Marine Expeditionary Force which conducted maneuvers and a reenactment of Pickett ' s Charge . The camp was on the east slope of Seminary Ridge and used the area between the Emmitsburg Road and West Confederate Avenue ( a large open air theater was at the Virginia Monument ) . Simulated battle . At 10 : 30 a . m . on July 4 , 1922 , Camp Harding Marines conducted a simulated battle with 2 tanks ( one with machine gun , the other with 1 pound rifle ) advancing on a machine gun nest , four aircraft , and a hydrogen balloon which was shot with an incendiary round ( the observer dropped from the basket using a parachute ) . An artillery dual was also conducted . The advance … stopped at the roadway … At 11 : 20 … assembly call was sounded by the buglar … staged on last Saturday for the President … Medal of Honor ribbon , Capt Robert C . Carter … in the defense of the [ Cemetery ] Ridge … Marines camped on the side of Seminary Ridge .
2nd Regiment of Life Guards The 2nd Regiment of Life Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army , part of the Household Cavalry . It was formed in 1788 by the union of the 2nd Troop of Horse Guards and 2nd Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards . In 1922 , it was amalgamated with the 1st Life Guards to form the Life Guards . History . In the Napoleonic Wars , it fought in the Peninsula War and Waterloo . In 1877 , it was renamed 2nd Life Guards and contributed to the Household Cavalry Composite Regiment in the 1882 Anglo - Egyptian War , the 1899 - 1901 Second Boer War and in the Great War from August to November , 1914 . From 1916 to 1918 , the Reserve Regiment contributed to the Household Battalion . In 1918 , the regiment was converted to the 2nd Battalion , Guards Machine Gun Regiment . It was reconstituted in 1919 and was amalgamated with the 1st Life Guards in 1922 to form the Life Guards .
Battle of Maloyaroslavets The Battle of Maloyaroslavets took place on 24 October 1812 , between the Russians , under Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov , and part of the corps of Eugène de Beauharnais , Napoleon ' s stepson , under General Alexis Joseph Delzons which numbered about 20 , 000 strong . Prelude . On 19 October , Napoleon evacuated Moscow and marched south - west to Kaluga , de Beauharnais leading the advance . Unaware of this , and believing the force sighted at Fominskoye , 40 miles south - west of Moscow , was a foraging party , Kutuzov sent General Dokhturov with 12 , 000 infantry , 3 , 000 cavalry and 84 guns to surprise it . While on the road , Dokhturov learned this force was the Grande Armée and decided to hold out until reinforcements came at the road junction and town of Maloyaroslavets , on the Luzha River . The battle . Dokhturov entered the town from the south and found the French spearhead had seized a bridgehead . Fierce fighting began ; the town changed hands five times . General Raevski arrived with 10 , 000 more Russians ; once more they took the town , though not the bridgehead . De Beauharnais threw in his 15th ( Italian ) division , under Domenico Pino ( Minister of War of the Kingdom of Italy ) , and by evening they had again expelled the Russians . During the course of the engagament the town changed hands no fewer than eight times and it was quoted that the French and in particular the Italian Royal Guard under Eugène de Beauharnais ' fought like lions ' . The victory was effectively due to the courage of the Italian soldiers , that were praised by Napoleon . In fact , this battle is remembered as the " Battle of the Italians " . Marshal Kutuzov arrived and decided against a pitched battle with the Grand Army the next day , and to retire instead to the prepared line of defense at Kaluga . The mainly French and Italian forces won a victory on the day , only to realize that " unless with a new Borodino " the way through Kaluga was closed . This allowed Kutuzov to fulfill his strategic plans to force Napoleon on the way of retreat in the north , through Mozhaisk and Smolensk , the route of his advance that he had wished to avoid . French casualties were about 5 , 000 , including Delzons killed , while the Russians lost 6 , 000 . Aftermath . After the withdrawal of Kutusov it became clear to Napoleon that he would be unable to force the Russian army into a decisive battle . Though a victory , Napoleon did not feel it was on a large enough scale to counter the news of Murat ' s earlier defeat at Vinkovo . Following the battle Napoleon turned the Grande Army west to Borowsk where the greater part of the artillery and wagons were located . This would be the first step in a retreat away from the Russians , with hoped for winter quarters for the army potentially at Smolensk .