naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Franz Breithaupt Franz Breithaupt ( 8 December 1880 – 29 April 1945 ) was a German SS - " Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Waffen - SS " who had fought in World War I , and been awarded both classes of the Iron Cross . From August 1942 until April 1945 , he was chief of the " Hauptamt SS - Gericht " ( SS - Main Legal Department ) . Biography . Breithaupt was born in Berlin on 8 December 1880 . He served in the German Army in World War I and stayed in the army after the war ended . He left the army in 1921 with the rank of major . He served in a " Freikorps " in Berlin . Breithaupt then worked as a salesman and later was a business manager of the " Deutschen Turnerschaft " from 1923 until 1931 . He joined the Nazi Party ( # 602 , 663 ) on 1 August 1931 and then joined the " Sturmabteilung " ( SA ) . A year later he joined the " Schutzstaffel " ( # 39 , 719 ) as a SS - " Sturmbannführer " ( major ) on 1 December 1932 . He was assigned to the staff of " Reichsführer - SS " Heinrich Himmler . On 31 July 1933 , he was promoted to SS - " Obersturmbannführer " ( lt . colonel ) and then to SS - " Standartenführer " ( colonel ) on 9 November of the same year . He was promoted to SS - " Oberführer " ( senior colonel ) on 9 November 1934 . Breithaupt served on Himmler ' s staff until 1 April 1936 . Later on 9 November 1938 he was promoted to the rank of SS - " Brigadeführer " ( " Generalmajor " ) . Breithaupt served as the Nazi Party deputy to the Reichstag between 1933 – 1945 . He was assigned to the " SS - Hauptamt " in Berlin from 1 April 1936 to 1 January 1941 . He served as the official " Polizeipräsident " ( police president ) of Breslau from 4 April 1941 to 15 August 1942 . Breithaupt was promoted to SS - " Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen - SS " on 15 August 1942 . Breithaupt was then chief of the " Hauptamt SS - Gericht " ( SS - Main Legal Department ) from 18 August 1942 until his murder on 29 April 1945 . It was responsible for formulating the laws and codes for the SS and various other groups of the police , conducting its own investigations and trials , as well as administering the SS and Police Courts and penal systems . Breithaupt had been promoted to SS - " Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen - SS " on 20 April 1944 . Death . Breithaupt was murdered by gunshot by his aide SS - " Untersturmführer " ( 2nd lieutenant ) Karl Lang in Bach on 29 April 1945 .
Battle of Altimarlach The Battle of Altimarlach or Battle of Altimarlech was a Scottish clan battle that took place on 13 July 1680 . It was fought between the Clan Campbell and Clan Sinclair . Background . In 1672 , debt forced George Sinclair , 6th Earl of Caithness , to resign his titles and estates in favour of Sir John Campbell . Campbell took possession of the estates on Sinclair ' s death in May 1676 , and was created earl of Caithness in June the following year . Sinclair ' s heir , George Sinclair of Keiss disputed the claim and seized the land in 1678 . Battle . On 13 July 1680 , Campbell took a force of 800 men north to evict Sinclair of Keiss , who was waiting for him with 500 men near Wick . Inflamed with drink , the Sinclairs attacked the force of Campbells and were routed . Legend has it that so many Sinclairs were killed that the Campbells were able to cross the river without getting their feet wet . The Campbells ' piper composed a tune before the battle , whose English translation is " Gaffers in Trousers " . This was meant to taunt the Sinclairs who , unlike the Campbells who wore kilted Highland dress , wore tartan trews . Aftermath . Having failed to regain his inheritance by force , Sinclair of Keiss then turned to the law . He took his place as Earl of Caithness on 15 July 1681 , and his lands were restored on 23 September . Campbell was made Earl of Breadalbane by way of compensation .
Florian Siwicki Florian Siwicki ( ; 10 January 1925 – 11 March 2013 ) was a Polish military officer , diplomat and a communist politician , as well as a General of the Polish Army . Siwicki was born in Łuck , Poland . In the course of his career he held a number of posts , including military attaché in China , commanding officer of the 2nd Polish Army during the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 , the Chief of General Staff of the Polish Army and a long - time Minister of Military Affairs in the governments of Wojciech Jaruzelski , Zbigniew Messner , Mieczysław Rakowski and Tadeusz Mazowiecki . As one of the people behind the imposition of the martial law in Poland in 1981 , after Poland deposed the ruling communist regime in 1989 Siwicki was forced into retirement in July 1990 . After Jaruzelski stepped down from his position as Defense Minister , Siwicki was then appointed to the position , along with serving as Jaruzelski ' s " top deputy on the defense council " . In October 1983 , Siwicki was awarded with the Cross of Grunwald , first class .
Ernst Orzegowski Ernst Orzegowski ( 19 October 1919 – 2 August 2005 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Ernst Orzegowski was credited with 3 aerial victories and the destruction of 31 tanks in 682 missions .
Howard G . Crowell , Jr . Howard Gardner Crowell , Jr . ( born September 2 , 1932 ) is a retired American Army Lieutenant General and former Chief of Staff of the United States European Command . He retired in 1988 . He currently resides in Sarasota , Florida where he sits on many boards and amongst them , the treasurer of the Mote Marine Laboratory .
Hougham Battery Hougham Battery is a World War II coastal defence battery built in 1941 between Dover and Folkestone in southeast England . It is on the cliff - edge between Abbot ' s Cliff and Shakespeare Cliff . The battery is equipped with three 8 - inch ( 203 mm ) Mark VIII naval guns . The complex was built in 1941 and manned by men of 520 Coastal Regiment Royal Artillery The construction of the A20 in the 1970s caused most of the battery to be covered with earth , so little can be seen on the surface , though access is possible to the underground battery plotting room . Some of the observation posts on the cliff edge are also visible . The batteries to the east and west of Dover were each designated as a fortress and each fortress had an underground plotting room from where the guns could be controlled . At Hougham . there are No . 1 , No . 2 and No . 3 Gun emplacements . The North Downs Way ( long distance path ) leads over Round Down ( on the Dover Cliffs ) between Folkestone and Dover . The path passes by several observation posts of the battery .
Volunteer ' s Medal 1940 – 1945 The Volunteer ' s Medal 1940 – 1945 ( , ) was a Belgian war medal established by royal decree of the Regent on 16 February 1945 and awarded to Belgian and foreign civilians who voluntarily enlisted in the Belgian Armed Forces during the Second World War . The medal could also be awarded to volunteers serving in the Belgian units of the Royal Air Force , Royal Navy or British merchant navy . Award description . The Volunteer ' s Medal 1940 – 1945 was a 38mm in diameter circular bronze medal . The obverse bore the relief image of a soldier standing at ease holding a rifle with a bayonet , the soldier is superimposed over a large capital letter V in front of a rising sun . The reverse bore the relief image of the Flemish " lion rampant " below the inscription in Latin " VOLONTARIIS " , below the lion , the dates " 1940 " and " 1945 " . The medal was suspended by a ring through the suspension loop from a 38mm wide silk moiré ribbon composed of fifteen 2mm wide alternating red and blue stripes and two 4mm wide blue edge stripes . Notable recipients ( partial list ) . The individuals listed below were awarded the 1940 – 1945 Volunteer ' s Medal :
Matthew Frew Air Vice Marshal Sir Matthew Brown Frew KBE , CB , DSO & Bar , MC & Bar , AFC ( 7 April 1895 – 28 May 1974 ) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force and a First World War flying ace , credited with 23 aerial victories . World War I service . Frew joined the Highland Light Infantry in 1914 , serving in France from early 1915 until March 1916 , before he transferred to the RFC . After training he flew Sopwith Strutters and Camels with No . 45 Squadron from April 1917 until February 1918 . He was wounded in action by anti - aircraft fire on 15 January 1918 , and medically evacuated the following month . He scored his first aerial victory on 5 June 1917 . By 4 February 1918 , his tally had reached 23 . He had destroyed 14 German airplanes , 12 of them solo , and the other two shared with fellow aces Kenneth Barbour Montgomery and Raymond Brownell . Frew also drove down nine enemy planes out of control . Post World War I . Serving with the RAF post - war , he served in North Kurdistan in 1931 - 2 , receiving a bar to his DSO . He later commanded 111 and 10 Squadrons . He retired in 1948 with the rank of Air Vice - Marshal and had been knighted . Citations for military decorations . Military Cross ( MC ) T . / 2nd Lt . Matthew Brown Frew , Gen . List and R . F . C . For conspicuous gallantly and devotion to duty on patrol , showing a fine offensive spirit in many combats . He has shot down five enemy aeroplanes , on one occasion leading his formation to attack twenty - two Albatross Scouts , and himself shooting one down . Supplement to the London Gazette , 7 March 1918 ( 30561 / 2915 ) Military Cross ( MC ) Bar T . / 2nd Lt . Matthew Brown Frew , M . C . , Gen . List and R . F . C . For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in shooting down three enemy machines in two days . He has destroyed eight enemy machines and driven down many others out of control . Supplement to the London Gazette , 23 April 1918 ( 30645 / 4857 ) Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) T . / Capt . Matthew Brown Frew , M . C . , Gen . . List and R . F . C . For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty . On one occasion when leader of a patrol he shot down an enemy aeroplane , two others being also accounted for in the same fight . On a later occasion he destroyed three enemy machines in one combat , all of which were seen to crash to the ground . Immediately after this combat he had to switch off his engine and make an attempt to glide towards our lines five miles away on account of his machine having received a direct hit . Owing to the great skill and courage he displayed in the handling of his damaged machine , he succeeded in bringing it safely to our lines . He has destroyed twenty - two enemy machines up to date . Supplement to the London Gazette , 16 August 1918 ( 30845 / 9560 )
No . 131 Wing RAF 1st Polish Fighter Wing ( later , No . 131 ( Polish ) Wing ) ( ) was a mainly Polish formation that flew Supermarine Spitfire s of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . It was part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain . It was formed in March – April 1941 , as the 1st Polish Fighter Wing , from two Polish squadrons , the No . 302 Squadron RAF and No . 303 Squadron RAF , and the British No . 601 Squadron RAF . Soon afterwards , in May , the British 601 Squadron was replaced by another Polish unit , the No . 308 Squadron RAF . The new composition would not be stable , as the Polish Squadrons were frequently exchanged between the three Polish wings ( the No . 131 ( 1st Polish ) wing , the No . 133 Wing RAF ( 2nd Polish ) wing , and the 3rd Polish Fighter Wing ) . At various times , this wing sported the other Polish squadrons , such as the No . 315 Squadron RAF , No . 316 Squadron RAF and the No . 317 Squadron RAF . The number of wings was also not constant , as it varied from at least three to five . On October 4 , 1943 , the unit was renamed to No . 131 Wing ( ) . On 12 July 1944 the unit regained the Polish adjective in its name , becoming the No . 131 Polish Wing ( ) .
67th Special Operations Squadron The 67th Special Operation Squadron is an active unit within the 352d Special Operations Group ( 352 SOG ) , United States Air Force , United States European Command , and is currently based at Royal Air Force base RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk , eastern England . Mission . From their base at RAF Mildenhall , the 67th Special Operations Squadron ' s MC - 130P Combat Shadow flies single or multi - ship low - level air refueling missions for special operations helicopters , and infiltration , exfiltration , and resupply of special operations forces by airdrop or airland . The MC - 130P primarily flies missions at low - altitude at night to reduce probability of visual acquisition and intercept by airborne threats . Assignments . The squadron operates the Lockheed MC - 130P Combat Shadow The squadron also operates the newly assigned MC - 130J Commando II . History . The unit was constituted as the 67th Air Rescue Squadron on 17 October 1952 . It was activated on 14 November 1952 at RAF Sculthorpe , England , and discontinued , and inactivated , on 18 March 1960 at Prestwick , Scotland . It was activated again on 10 May 1961 , and organized on 18 June 1961 at Prestwick , Scotland . The unit was redesignated 67th Air Recovery Squadron on 1 August 1965 , and then as the 67th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron on 8 January 1966 . It was transferred to Morón Air Base , Spain on 1 July 1966 . On 15 January 1970 , the 67th ARRS transferred to RAF Woodbridge , UK . The unit operated the Lockheed HC - 130 fixed wing ( also used as rotational support for their Detachment of H - 3 helicopters stationed at Keflavik , Iceland ) and Sikorsky MH - 53 rotary wing aircraft . On 1 June 1988 the unit was split into two units redesignated the 67th Special Operations Squadron for the HC - 130 aircraft and the 21st Special Operations Squadron for the HH - 53 rotary wing . On 1 April 1992 they moved to RAF Alconbury , UK . They are still active as the 67th SOS and have flown the HC - 130 since 1965 ( designated the MC - 130P since 1996 ) . It is currently stationed at RAF Mildenhall , UK .
Battle of Ameixial The Battle of Ameixial , was fought on 8 June 1663 , near the village of Santa Vitória do Ameixial , some north - west of Estremoz , between Spanish and Portuguese as part of the Portuguese Restoration War . In the spring of 1663 , the Spanish had undertaken their most successful attack on Portugal , since the beginning of the war . Under command of the renowned general John of Austria the Younger , natural son of Philip IV of Spain , the greater part of the south of Portugal was overrun . The important city of Évora was taken on 22 May , opening perspectives for a march on Lisbon , to the west . But the Spanish army lack of ammunition , food and money paralysed the army . The Portuguese raised a 17 , 000 men strong army and marched against the Spanish . The Spanish commander decided to retreat to a strategic position at the north east of Évora and wait for the enemy , leaving a garrison of 3 , 700 in Évora . The Portuguese were reinforced by a body of about 2 , 000 English troops and were put under the command of the Huguenot Schomberg . Don John of Austria standard was captured when his squadron was almost totally killed . The standard was later presented to King Afonso VI of Portugal himself . The Spanish casualties were very high , all of their artillery and baggage was captured , and the army was forced to retreat to Badajoz in Extremadura . When the Spanish garrison of Évora of 3 , 700 men capitulated on 24 June 1663 , the whole expedition was a complete failure . A memorial stone was placed on the site of the battlefield . In Spain , the battle is better known as the Battle of Estremoz .
USS Oberrender ( DE - 344 ) The USS " Oberrender " ( DE - 344 ) was a " John C . Butler " - class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Lieutenant Commander Thomas Olin Oberrender , Jr . , the engineering officer aboard the light cruiser USS " Juneau " ( CL - 52 ) who was killed when the ship was torpedoed and subsequently sunk during action in the Solomon Islands . " Oberrender " was laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corporation of Orange , Texas on 8 November 1943 ; launched 18 January 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Thomas Olin Oberrender , Jr . , widow of Lieutenant Commander Oberrender ; and commissioned 11 May 1944 with Lieutenant Commander Samuel Spencer in command . Following commissioning and fitting out , " Oberrender " sailed 28 May 1944 for Bermuda , where she conducted shakedown until early July . She steamed via Norfolk and Aruba for the Panama Canal , which she transitted on 1 August . History . Assigned to protect convoys plying between Pearl Harbor and Eniwetok , the new destroyer escort completed two runs to the Marshall Islands by 30 September . After a stop at Manus , Admiralties , Oberrender escorted Rear Admiral Sprague ’ s jeep carriers to the Philippines for the invasion of Leyte . A brief trip to Morotai , however , caused her to miss the epic Battle of Leyte Gulf . The ship was in Seeadler Harbor , Manus , on 10 November only from the USS " Mount Hood " ( AE - 11 ) when that ammunition ship blew up . Damages incurred from flying debris and exploding ammunition forced " Oberrender " to remain at Manus for the rest of November . The next month found her back in fighting trim , and for three more months she conducted escort and patrol duties in the Dutch East Indies and Philippines areas . As United States forces pushed closer to the Japan ese home islands , " Oberrender " moved along in the van . Through April and into May , Okinawa was the focus of attention . There , on 9 May , a Japanese suicide plane crashed into the plucky escort on her starboard side . A bomb carried by the plane penetrated the forward fireroom , where it exploded and caused extensive heavy damage . Twenty - four sailors were killed , wounded , or listed as missing as a result of the blast . Towed to Kerama Retto , " Oberrender " was beyond repair . She decommissioned 11 July 1945 and was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 25 July . Stripped of all worthwhile equipment , her hulk was sunk by gunfire on 6 November of that year . Honors . " Oberrender " earned 3 battle star s for World War II service .
FAMAE FAMAE " ( Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército ) " is a Chilean state - owned firearms manufacturer . Its products are used by the Chilean armed forces and the " Carabineros " police force . The company produces among others the FAMAE CT - 30 carbine , FAMAE SAF submachine gun , FAMAE FD - 200 sniper rifle , Rayo rocket launcher and FAMAE revolver . History . Since 1811 , FAMAE has contributed to industrial development in Chile , characterized by the guarantee of their products . As the oldest defense company in Latin America , has established a leadership in the field of infantry weapons and ammunition . FAMAE in recent decades has experienced sustained growth in different areas , both a military and police . At present , given the operational requirements become more demanding and specialized FAMAE designed and manufactured a wide range of weapon systems for defense . Among its projects are the SIG SG 510 - 4 rifles , SIG SG 542 , sub - machine gun FAMAE SAF , Rocket Ray , among others . Responsible for modifying and maintaining the tanks , aircraft and other military devices that reach the Chilean Army . This has been achieved with a concentration of engineers and technicians in the areas of arms , ammunition , vehicles , rockets and missiles , technology transfer ventures Joints obtained by acquiring licenses and manufacturing with world renowned companies above products . FAMAE specializes in research projects and Weapon System Modernization , delivering total solutions to provide families of vehicles and weapons that make up organizational units . FAMAE projects . Within the development of defense engineering projects , highlights the SETAC Simulation System " Training System for Tactical Commanders , which consists of a computerized war game double action that is in use in major Latin American armies . In parallel , FAMA has continued to work on the industrialization of the country through their designs and fabrications . The company carries out a systematic training programs that seek to optimize their quality standards , as a process of continuous improvement in line with international standards .
30th Division ( United Kingdom ) The British 30th Division was a New Army division that was originally made up of battalions raised by public subscription or private patronage . The division was taken over by the British War Office in August 1915 and moved to France in December . It served on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War . Unit history . " to be completed " Formation . The brigade joined from the 7th Division in December 1915 , swapping with the 91st Brigade . Until May / June 1918 the brigade comprised the following battalions : From July 1918 the brigade comprised the following battalions : Until June 1918 the brigade comprised the following battalions : From June / July 1918 the brigade comprised the following battalions : Until June 1918 , the brigade comprised the following battalions : From June 1918 , the brigade comprised the following battalions : The brigade formed in April 1915 and moved to the 7th Division in December of that year , swapping with the 21st Brigade .
USS Keppler ( DE - 375 ) The second USS " Keppler " ( DE - 375 ) was a proposed United States Navy that was never completed . " Keppler " was laid down at Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas , during World War II . However , her construction was cancelled on 6 January 1944 before she could be launched . The name " Keppler " was reassigned to destroyer USS " Keppler " ( DD - 765 ) .
Vincent Orange ( historian ) Dr George Vincent Orange , ( born in 1935 and known as " Vincent " — November 2012 ) was a British - born New Zealand historian , best known for his military biographies of RAF commanders John Slessor , Keith Park and Arthur Tedder . These received positive reviews , with British historian Sebastian Ritchie , for example , describing the Tedder biography as a " very important " book with an " eminently balanced narrative " . Biography . Orange was born in 1935 , in Shildon , County Durham and was educated at St . Mary ' s Grammar School , in Darlington , and at Hull University . Orange served in the Royal Air Force from 1953 to 1956 . In 1962 he went to live in New Zealand and taught History at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch until he retired in 2002 . Orange was married to Sandra , and has a stepdaughter Sarah . Acting . In his younger days , Orange had parts in 20 stage plays and 50 radio plays . He also appeared regularly on television , commenting on current affairs . Articles . Among Orange ' s many peer reviewed articles is : " Cutting through the Political Jungle : Eisenhower and Tedder as Allies and Friends , 1942 - 1945 . " " Air Power Review " Vol . 3 No . 4 ( Winter 2000 ) , pp . 75 – 86 . Books . Along with numerous articles and conference papers , Orange authored 11 books , including :
Gerhard Werner ( soldier ) Gerhard Werner ( 21 May 1916 – 8 September 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Werner was killed on 8 September 1944 in the Romania n Banat . He was posthumously promoted to Oberstleutnant and on 23 March 1945 was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross .