naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Devil ' s Gap Battery Devil ' s Gap Battery is a coastal battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar , overlooking the Bay of Gibraltar near the westernmost limits of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve . History . Called by the Spanish , " Punta del Diablo " , Devils Gap Battery stands on the escarpment above the city looking out across the bay at a height of above sea level . During the 1779 - 1783 Great Siege of Gibraltar it mounted at least one mortar , possibly more . In 1878 two RML 9 inch 12 ton gun s were proposed and installed at the battery in June 1881 , but later dismounted in 1900 . In July 1896 work started on a new platform to the north of the battery for two QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval Mark I guns which were ready on 31 August 1896 . In June 1900 , it was proposed to mount two BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun s on central pivot Mark II mountings with a range of capable of bearing on land batteries and on the bay . These were installed in 1902 , with magazines and shelters added in October 1903 . In August 1917 one of the guns fired upon and sunk a German submarine travelling on the surface close to Algeciras , which was the only action seen by Gibraltar ' s coastal defences during World War I . The guns were manned in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War while Campamento and La Línea de la Concepción were being bombarded by Spanish naval units . During World War II the guns were the first to fire a " bring to shot " . In 1954 the battery ceased its role of close defence examination but the 6 - inch guns were retained and are still in position . Underground Facilities . A small underground complex beneath the guns consisting of stores , magazines and shell hoists . The first area inside the entrance contains two shell hoists which serves the south gun . Both are in fair condition relative to their age although all moving parts are now seized with rust . The hatch for transferring ammunition from the magazine can be seen in the lower right photograph . A corridor runs through the entire length of the complex . Further in , there are two more shell hoists serving the north gun , again these are in various states of decomposition . The main corridor extends through a door and proceeds slightly downhill to further rooms which are below a much older battery . Maintenance . The battery is maintained by a group of volunteers on behalf of the Gibraltar Heritage Trust . The battery is a Class A listed building as designated by the Government of Gibraltar ' s Gibraltar Heritage Trust Act of 1989 .
French submarine Minerve ( Q185 ) " Minerve " ( Q185 / P26 ) was the lead ship of the s of the French Navy . Commissioned in 1936 , during World War II she served in the Free French Naval Forces , and was wrecked in late 1945 . Ship history . " Minerve " was built at the " Arsenal de Cherbourg " , laid down on 17 August 1931 , launched on 23 October 1934 , and commissioned on 15 September 1936 into the " 2e Escadrille des Sous - Marins " ( " 2nd Submarine Squadron " ) for service in the Atlantic . In August 1939 she was based at Oran , and was detached in November 1939 to carry out surveillance around the Canary Islands . Between February and May 1940 " Minerve " acted as an escort to seven convoys between Gibraltar and Liverpool . When the Germans invaded France on 10 May 1940 she was laid up undergoing maintenance , so on 18 June 1940 " Minerve " , under the command of " Lieutenant de Vaisseau " Bazin left Brest towed by the tugboat " Zeelew " . She was accompanied by her sister ship " Junon " towed by the " Nessus " , and escorted by the patrol vessels " Pessac " and " Sauternes " . Off Ushant , they were joined by the destroyer , and arrived at Plymouth on the 20th . On 3 July 1940 " Minerve " ( along with all other French naval vessels in British ports ) was boarded by Royal Navy troops as part of Operation Catapult , and the crew interned . " Minerve " was transferred to the control of the Free French Naval Forces in September 1940 , and renumbered P26 . She was recommissioned in January 1941 under the command of " Lieutenant de Vaisseau " Pierre Sonneville and while based at Dundee carried out patrols around the coast of Scotland , in the North Sea , and the Atlantic . On 19 April 1941 " Minerve " attacked the Norwegian oil tanker " Tiger " off Egersund , Norway . Both torpedoes missed , and the submarine sustained some damage from depth charges dropped by escorting German destroyers , but managed to escape . In April 1942 , she was part of the covering force escorting Convoy PQ 15 to Murmansk . From October 1942 " Minerve " was under the command of " Capitaine de Corvette " Henri Simon - Dubuisson . On 10 October 1943 , while on a patrol of the Western Approaches from Plymouth , " Minerve " surfaced to carry out repairs on a diesel engine while about 300 nautical miles west of Brest . She was attacked in error by a RAF Coastal Command B - 24 Liberator with rockets . Two crewmen were killed and two wounded , and the submarine ' s hull was badly damaged , but she managed to return to England escorted by the destroyer . On 19 September 1945 , " Minerve " was being towed to France , but broke free in heavy weather and was wrecked on Portland Bill . References .
18th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 18th Infantry Regiment ( " Vanguards " ) is a light infantry regiment . The 18th Infantry Regiment currently exists as one active battalion under the U . S . Army Regimental System and has no regimental headquarters . History . Victory Day . On 9 May 2010 , a detachment from the 2nd Battalion , 18th Infantry Regiment represented the United States in Russia ' s Victory Day parade across Red Square . They were joined by British , French , and Polish troops as well as detachments from the CIS member states . Labeled by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev as the " Anti - Hitler Coalition , " it marked the first time in history that American and NATO troops joined the Russian Military in the 9 May parade . Lineage . ANNEX . Assigned to the 1st Division XIV Army Corps under Major General George H . Thomas , Participated at the Battle of Chickamauga , GA as part of the Third ( Regular ) Brigade and was instrumental in preventing the destruction of the Union Army under Major General William Rosecrans at Chickamauga , GA Sep 1863 . Participated in the operations at Chattanooga , GA and the following Atlanta Campaign assigned to the Third Brigade . Served under Brig . General John H . King and Brig . Gen . Absalom Baird ' s First Division and MG John M Palmer until the Attack at Utoy Creek . The 18th US Infantry distinguished itself in its performance , along with the 15th US Infantry , in a combat water crossing at North Utoy Creek , securing the position for the 1st Division under Brigadier General Johnston 3 Aug 1864 and participated in the preliminary and main attacks on 6 August 1864 . Involved in cutting the rail lines south of Atlanta at Rough and Ready Station ( Forest Park GA 30 Aug 1864 ) . After the Capture of Atlanta , the regiment and the rest of the Army of the Cumberland moved back in pursuit of Hood ' s Confederate Army into Tennessee . Involved in the Battle of Nashville and the destruction of the Confederate Army of Tennessee on 15 – 16 December 1864 . The unit crest shows the symbol of the XIV Corps , the Acorn , adopted by Gen . George H . Thomas , " The Rock of Chickamauga . " On 17 March 2008 , 1 – 18 Infantry was deactivated in Schweinfurt , Germany , to be relocated to Fort Riley , Kansas . On 28 March , the 18th Infantry Regimental colors were un - cased at Fort Riley , and the unit that was the 1st Battalion , 41st Infantry Regiment re - flagged to 1 – 18 Infantry ( Combined Arms Battalion ) . The 28 March re - flagging at Fort Riley was part of the 3rd Heavy Brigade Combat Team , 1st Armored Division ' s re - flagging to the 2nd Heavy Brigade Combat Team , 1st Infantry Division , bringing all 1st Infantry Division brigades but 3rd BCT , 1 ID to Fort Riley . On 15 July 2009 , 2 – 18 Infantry stood up in Baumholder , Germany as part of the 170th Infantry Brigade Combat Team . The unit was stood up to replace 1 – 6 Infantry ( Regulars ) , part 2nd Brigade of the 1st Armored Division . [ Need list of 3rd Battalion commanders ] Commanders . [ Need list of 4th Battalion commanders in Germany ]
Taylor Field ( Airfield ) Taylor Field is a closed military airfield located 11 miles east - southeast of Montgomery , Alabama . It was one of thirty - two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917 . History . The base was named Taylor Field , being named after Captain Ralph L . Taylor , of Stamford , Connecticut , who was commissioned a Captain in the Nebraska National Guard Air Service on 3 May 1917 , and ordered to active duty at Mineola Field , New York , on 23 May 1917 . Captain Taylor was an aviation instructor at Mineola field , and was killed in an accident on 2 August 1917 . World War I . The property leased by the War Department consisted of 800 acres of land for which the government paid $ 4 , 000 a year as rent , with an option of purchase for $ 32 , 000 . The land was leased 16 November 1917 . It was the first military flying facility in Alabama . It was named for Captain Ralph L . Taylor , who was killed in an airplane crash at Mineola Field , New York in August 1917 . Four service squadrons 128 , 129 , 131 and 193 arrived at the Field by April 16 , 1918 . In addition there was the usual complement of quartermaster and sanitary and medical detachments . The Air Service used Taylor Field as a primary flight school . It had sixteen hangars , repair shops , warehouses , barracks , a hospital and nearly 200 Curtiss JN - 4 " Jenny " and De Havilland DH - 4 " Gypsy Month " trainers . Active flying began 2 May 1918 . Major E . M . Hoffman , Signal Corps was the first officer in charge of the Flying Field . He was succeeded by 2nd Lt . Charles N . Monteith , July 9 , 1918 , he in turn on October 2 , 1918 , was succeeded by 2nd Lt . Kenneth G . Fraser . The Field graduated 139 cadets . The total number of flying time 20 , 619 hours , and 27 minutes . The flying school trained One Hundred and thirty - nine pilots in eight - week courses . Some deployed and fought in combat on the Western Front in France during World War I . The airfield closed in April 1919 . It was reopened as Gunter Auxiliary Airfield # 5 during World War II and was used as an auxiliary landing field for the flight school at Gunter Army Airfield . After the war , it was closed in July 1946 . After World War II , the airfield was sold off to private owners and the remaining structures were dismantled . Other than a cleared area , all the former hangars and structures of the military airfield have been torn down . The site of Taylor Field is located south of the intersection of Ray Thornington Road & Foxchase Drive . There is an Alabama historical marker located on the south side of Ray Thornington Road next to a dirt road heading to the south . The dirt road may have been an entrance road to the former airfield .
Charles Mynn Thruston Charles Mynn Thruston ( February 22 , 1798 – February 18 , 1873 ) was a soldier , farmer , politician , and a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He served as the mayor of Cumberland , Maryland , from 1861 to 1862 . Thruston was born in Lexington , Kentucky , the son of Kentucky U . S . Senator Buckner Thruston . At age 16 , he graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1814 and served during the War of 1812 as an engineer on Governors Island , New York City . After the war , Thruston was promoted to the rank of captain in the artillery branch . He later fought in the Seminole Wars of the 1830s . In 1836 , Thruston resigned from the Army and became a farmer in Maryland . When the Civil War broke out , he was serving as Mayor of Cumberland , Maryland , which was a critical railroad hub . On September 7 , 1861 , Thruston was appointed Brigadier General of U . S . Volunteers , giving him military authority to protect the B & O Railroad from Confederate raiders such as McNeill ' s Rangers . Thruston was largely unsuccessful at stopping the Confederate raids from randomly destroying railroad tracks . On April 1862 , Thruston resigned his commission and allowed a younger commander to assume the responsibility of protecting the B & O Railroad from the enemy cavalrymen . Thruston died in Cumberland , Maryland . He is buried in Rose Hill Cemetery on Cumberland ' s West Side .
2008 Army Black Knights football team The 2008 Army Black Knights football team represented the United States Military Academy ( USMA or " West Point " ) in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) college football during the 2008 season . Army competed as an Independent , with no conference affiliation . The team was led by second - year head coach Stan Brock , who , amidst pressure from critics , had changed from the pro style offense to a triple option - like offensive scheme after the previous season . Some pundits dubbed it the " Brock Bone " or " quadruple " option , due to an added passing element . The team finished the season with a disappointing 3 – 9 record , which culimated in a 34 – 0 rout by archrival Navy . Brock was subsequently fired and replaced by former Cal Poly head coach , Rich Ellerson . The 2008 Army - Navy Game was the first shut - out of Army by Navy since 1978 . One consolation was that in the game ' s final play , Army fullback Collin Mooney , in the last play of his college football career , broke the school record for single - season rushing by a single yard .
Robert J . Hermann Robert Jay Hermann ( born April 6 , 1933 ) was the ninth Director of the National Reconnaissance Office . Dr . Hermann was the major architect of the National Security Agency ' s expanded role in space reconnaissance . In addition , he advocated broadening the NRO ' s support to tactical military customers . Dr . Hermann was also responsible for establishing the Defense Reconnaissance Support Program .
South African Air Force Memorial The South African Air Force Memorial is a memorial to South African Air Force members who have died whilst in service of the South African Air Corps and its successor , the South African Air Force from 1915 to the present . The memorial is located at Swartkop outside Pretoria . Overview . In addition to the main memorial site , there are also a number of smaller memorials .
James Patrick Major James Patrick Major ( May 14 , 1836 – May 8 , 1877 ) was a career U . S . Army officer and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War . US Cavalry service . Major graduated 23rd in his class at the United States Military Academy and became a second lieutenant in the United States Cavalry in July 1856 . He served on the Texas frontier and participated in the Battle of Wichita Village against the Comanche in 1858 . Confederate States Army . Major resigned from the U . S . Army on March 21 , 1861 , and joined the Missouri State Guard as a lieutenant colonel . He fought in the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek on August 10 , 1861 . He was an acting commander in Earl Van Dorn ' s artillery during the Siege of Vicksburg . He was transferred to the trans - Mississippi theater and promoted to brigadier general in July 1863 and commanded a cavalry division in the Red River Campaign . In 1864 , he fought at both Mansfield and Pleasant Hill in De Soto Parish and with General Hamilton P . Bee at Monett ' s Ferry in Natchitoches Parish , Louisiana . Post war . After the war , Major went to France and then returned to Louisiana and later to Texas where he died on May 8 , 1877 . He is buried in Donaldsonville , Louisiana .
Nesterov assault rifle The Nesterov assault rifle is an assault rifle of Soviet origin . Variants . LA - 1 . The LA 1 has a Bullpup configuration . LA - 2 . The LA 2 is a Carbine . The sample was designed by Izhevsk Machine - Building Plant A . I . Nesterovym in 1961 under the influence of plant competition for the AKM . The sample frame limited progress in its rearmost position of the cutting insert receiver . This allowed the elasticity of its walls to reduce the impact of hitting the moving parts in an extreme position on the tip - off weapon . Automatic mode shows improved shooting accuracy . Location of the return spring on the left side of the bolt allowed its height to be reduced along with the height of the arms in general . Shoe flies combine with the gas chamber , with a diopter sight fully posted on the cover of the receiver . A cleaning gas vent at the top of the gas chamber in the firing position is covered by a crane . Weight is reduced to . Its prototype 1961 magazine capacity was 30 rounds with an effective range of 1 , 000 meters . LA - 3 . The LA 3 is a Carbine . The LA 3 was designed by B . M . Zorinym in 1962 . Its feature is automatic operation based on a barrel forward design . The rifle stands out for its simplicity . The tests revealed an increased dispersion of the sample by firing bursts , due to the appearance of additional pulses when moving the barrel forward . The prototype 1962 magazine capacity was 30 rounds and offered an effective range of 1 , 000 meters . LA - 4 . The LA 4 has a Bullpup firearm configuration . The sample was designed by A . I . Nesterov in 1964 . The recoil energy is reduced by its long course . The return spring barrel and bolt are located concentrically . One guide rod inside and a spring barrel outside . All parts of the trigger are made by stamping from a sheet . Translator modes of fire and safety are made separately . The sight is placed in the handle . To improve ease of handling of weapons , the control lever is tilted to the right . The prototype ' s magazine capacity was 30 rounds with an effective range of 1 , 000 meters .
May 2011 Talkalakh siege On 14 May 2011 , during the 2011 – 2012 Syrian uprising , the Syrian military began an operation in the Syrian town of Talkalakh . The government said it was targeting terrorist groups , while the Syrian opposition called it a crackdown against pro - democracy protesters . The operation . On 15 May , the Syrian military entered the town of Talkalakh , on the border with Lebanon . There followed reports that the military was massacring members of the Syrian opposition . The reports were mostly from civilians fleeing over the Kabir River into Lebanon to escape the violence . By 19 May , the military finished its operation and started to withdraw from Talkalakh .
John William Jones John William Jones ( April 14 , 1806 – April 27 , 1871 ) was an American politician and physician who served in the United States Congress . Biography . Jones was born in Rockville , Maryland , in 1806 . His family moved to Nicholas , Kentucky , in 1810 . He attended Carlisle Semiary , studied medicina and practiced medicine in Washington , Tennessee , in 1826 . At a later day he moved to Monroe , Georgia and then to Campbellton , Georgia , in 1829 . . In 1830 and 1831 , Jones attended the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia , and then moved to Culloden , Georgia in 1833 . In 1836 , Jones graduated from the Jefferson Medical College ( current - day Thomas Jefferson University ) in Philadelphia . Jones was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1837 . He moved to Griffin , Georgia , in 1841 . In 1846 , Jones was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives as a Whig to represent Georgia ' s 3rd congressional district . He did not run for reelection in 1848 , serving one term from March 4 , 1847 through March 3 , 1849 . After his congressional service , Jones moved to Oak Bowery , Alabama , and practiced medicine in addition to serving on the board of the Oak Bowery Female College in 1850 . The next year , he moved to Auburn , Alabama , and was a founder of the Auburn Masonic Female College ( current - day Auburn High School ) . In 1856 , Jones moved to Atlanta , Georgia , and was a professor at the Atlanta Medical College ( current - day Emory University ) from 1856 to 1862 . During the American Civil War , Jones served as surgeon on the Confederate States Army . After the war , he returned to the Atlanta Medical College and served on that faculty from 1865 until 1870 . Jones moved in 1871 to Decatur , Georgia , where he died on April 27 of that year . He was buried in Atlanta ' s Oakland Cemetery .
French ship Raisonnable ( 1755 ) Raisonnable was a 64 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , launched in 1755 . On 29 May 1758 , she was captured by and , and commissioned in the Royal Navy as the third rate HMS " Raisonnable " . She was lost off Martinique on 3 February 1762 .
M2 Hyde The Hyde - Inland M2 was the highest - rate United States submachine gun design submitted for trials at Aberdeen Proving Ground in February , 1941 . Work was undertaken by General Motors Inland Manufacturing Division to develop workable prototypes of George Hyde ' s design . The design was designated U . S . Submachinegun , Caliber . 45 , M2 as a substitute standard for the M1 submachine gun in April , 1942 . As Inland ' s manufacturing capacity became focused on M1 carbine production , the US Army contracted M2 production to Marlin Firearms in July , 1942 . Marlin began production in May 1943 ; but Marlin ' s original contract for 164 , 450 M2s was canceled in 1943 upon adoption of the M3 submachine gun . The M2 is chambered for the . 45 ACP cartridge and used the same 20 or 30 round magazine as the Thompson . Its cyclic rate of fire is 525 rounds per minute . Only 400 at the most were manufactured and none were issued by any branches of the United States military . Design . The M2 is a simple blowback operated design , although it was difficult to make . The receiver was built from a steel forging and a seamless tubular section , which took extra time and effort to machine and finish , causing the US Army to adopt the M3 , instead . The bolt was shaped unusually , having a large diameter at the rear , and being slender in the front . Unlike the M3 it had a fixed wooden stock , and wooden furniture .