naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hans Fritsche ( officer ) Hans Martin Fritsche ( 24 June 1909 – 27 May 1993 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Fritsche was captured by American troops in May 1945 and was released in mid - June .
Hans Lipschis Hans Lipschis ( born November 7 , 1919 ) is a former member of the Waffen - SS who worked at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II . The Simon Wiesenthal Center alleges that he was a guard , and listed him in fourth place on their most wanted list . At the age of 93 , Lipschis was arrested on 6 May 2013 for being complicit in murder . He claims that although he worked at Auschwitz , he was only a cook . Lipschis was born Antanas Lipšys in Lithuania in 1919 to a Protestant family .
12th Panzer Division ( Wehrmacht ) In October 1940 the 2nd Motorised Infantry Division was reorganized as the 12th Panzer Division , and in June 1941 it joined Operation Barbarossa , fighting in the battles of Minsk and Smolensk . It fought the rest of the war on the Russian Front , notably at the Battle of Kursk in the summer of 1943 , and surrendered to the Soviets in the Courland Pocket at the end of the war . References . Note : The Web references may require you to follow links to cover the unit ' s entire history .
John M . Spalding John M . Spalding ( often misspelled " Spaulding " in official Army reports ) ( 17 December 1914 - d . 1959 ) was an officer in the U . S . 1st Infantry Division during World War II . Biography . Spalding was a native of Owensboro , Kentucky . He is famous as one of the first officers ( a lieutenant at the time for E Company , 2nd Battalion , 16th Infantry ) to make it up to the top of bloody Omaha Beach and clear out German defenses from behind . He and his men , including his sergeant , Philip Streczyk , helped make the breakthrough there on D - Day possible . His platoon landed on the Easy Red sector , and made it to the seawall largely intact , unlike most in the first wave . Instead of attacking up the beach exits , as was planned , he instead helped find and clear a path up the mined bluffs , left of Exit E - 1 . Once at the top , his team was the first to attack the enemy fortifications from the rear , clearing out trenches and pillbox es along Exit E - 1 . Later on D - Day he was involved in actions further inland at Colleville - sur - Mer . For his actions on D - Day , he was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . After the war , he returned there and served two terms in the Kentucky House of Representatives . He died in 1959 .
Alvin Duke Chandler Alvin Duke Chandler ( August 18 , 1902 – May 26 , 1987 ) was the twenty - first president of the College of William & Mary , serving from 1951 to 1960 . He also served as the chancellor of The Colleges of William & Mary from 1960 to 1962 ; after that system was disbanded , he served as Chancellor of the College from 1962 to 1974 . Prior to his career at the College of William & Mary , Chandler served in the United States Navy , eventually reaching the rank of Vice - Admiral . His father , Julian Alvin Carroll Chandler , also served as president of the College of William & Mary . His personal papers as well as the papers from his time as president can be found in the Special Collections Research Center at the College of William & Mary . Naval officer ( 1923 – 1951 ) . Chandler attended William and Mary , 1918 - 1919 , prior to his appointment to the U . S . Naval Academy , graduating in 1923 . Commander Chandler was a student at the Naval War College about 1936 - 1938 . During the Guadalcanal Campaign Cdr Chandler commanded Destroyer Division 41 in the Battle of Rennell Island . USS Chevalier ( DD - 451 ) , USS Edwards ( DD - 619 ) , USS Meade ( DD - 602 ) , and USS Taylor ( DD - 468 ) made up his force . He was director of logistics plans for the U . S . Navy when he retired to accept the presidency of the College of William & Mary ( 1951 ) . Educator ( 1951 – 1974 ) . The Board of Visitors appointed Admiral Chandler president of the College of William & Mary in haste , and outraged the faculty by failing to consult them . His predecessor had been forced out of office following a scandal over changing grades for football players on the college team . After taking office , he instituted uniform admission standards for all students . During his tenure , he oversaw the expansion of the faculty , curriculum changes , and the construction of five new buildings . He left office to become chancellor of the Colleges of William & Mary ( 1960 – 1962 ) , until the General Assembly of Virginia made those five public colleges independent . Then he was chancellor of the college ( 1962 – 1974 ) . The faculty were unhappy with President Chandler when state law required that they subscribe to loyalty oaths . A star professor decamped for McGill University , and faculty recruiting suffered . Students chafed at censorship of their publications , restrictions on drinking , and requirements for chaperones .
Stephen Mark Badger Major Stephen Mark Badger ( December 13 , 1957 – October 27 , 1995 ) was an United States Army officer assigned to the 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment , 82nd Airborne in Fort Bragg , North Carolina . He was killed by William Kreutzer , Jr . while he and his unit were preparing for the Division Ready Brigade ( DRB ) assumption run on October 27 , 1995 . Biography . Badger was born in Salt Lake City , Utah on December 13 , 1957 . As a sophomore , he joined the JROTC program at Highland High School in 1973 and later served in the National Guard . He continued in the ROTC program at Brigham Young University , graduating as a 2nd Lt . in 1985 . He was a 10 - year veteran of the United States Army . Marriage and children . Badger ' s first marriage , to Nancy Peck , ended in divorce . He was married a second time to Diane Wallace Badger in 1993 . The couple had a total of eight children between them . Death and afterward . At the time of his death , he held the rank of major in the United States Army . He is buried in Holden , Utah . Sergeant William Kreutzer , Jr . was quickly apprehended and determined to have been the shooter . Kreutzer was found guilty by a military court and sentenced to death . His death sentence was commuted to life by the Military Court of Appeals . He was discharged in 2009 and sentenced to life imprisonment .
Joseph Pope Balch Joseph Pope Balch ( August 9 , 1822 – December 2 , 1872 ) was an American businessman from Rhode Island who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Early life and background . Balch was an educated man , but decided upon a career in business instead of attending college , first working in his father ' s drug store at the age of 14 as a clerk , and eventually becoming a partner . In 1841 he joined a militia unit known as the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery , by 1857 Balch had risen to command of Rhode Island ' s Second Militia brigade . Civil war . At the outbreak of the war , he was appointed to the rank of major in the First Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Balch succeeded to command of the regiment when its previous commander , Colonel Ambrose Burnside was promoted to command of a brigade . At the First Battle of Bull Run Balch was recognized for " coolness , steadiness , and courage under fire " , and promoted by brevet to Brigadier General of the volunteers . When the regiment was disbanded , Balch returned to the militia and commanded the Second Militia brigade until the close of the war . Postbellum career . After the war , Balch was a prominent member of Rhode Island society , and had six daughters and a son . He held membership in civic organizations including the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry , and the Providence Franklin society . He died suddenly in his home from an internal hemorrhage in 1872 .
Hans - Gotthard Pestke Hans - Gotthard Pestke ( 17 June 1914 – 30 April 2001 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans - Gotthard Pestke was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in 1947 . In 1956 he joined the Bundeswehr and served until 1972 .
United States Antarctic Expedition Medal The United States Antarctic Expedition Medal is a combined military - civilian award that was authorized by the United States Congress on September 24 , 1945 under Public Law 185 of the 79th Congress ( 59 Stat . 536 ) . The award recognizes members of the United States Antarctic Expedition of 1939 - 1941 . There were gold , silver , and bronze versions . It is unclear if the gold version is considered a Congressional Gold Medal , as was the case with the 1st Byrd expedition . The statute awarding the medal reads as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled , That the Secretary of the Navy is authorized and directed to cause to be made at the United States mint such number of gold , silver , and bronze medals of appropriate design as he may deem appropriate and necessary , to be presented to members of the United States Antarctic Expedition of 1939 - 1941 , in recognition of their valuable services to the Nation in the field of polar exploration and science . In 1935 Congress had passed a law allowing the Secretary of the Navy to authorize — at his discretion — the wearing of commemorative or other special awards on Navy or Marine Corps uniforms , in military sized form . ( P . L . 74 - 43 , 49 Stat . 162 ) The first United States Antarctic Expedition Medal ( gold version ) was presented to Admiral Richard E . Byrd . As the 1st and 2nd Byrd Expedition medals , and the United States Antarctic Expedition medal were only authorized to be awarded to a select number of people , in 1960 the Antarctica Service Medal was created , which can be awarded generally . As recently as 1998 the Antarctic Expedition Medal still appeared in U . S . Navy uniform regulations precedence charts , after the WW II Victory Medal , and before the Navy Occupation Service Medal .
Bartel BM - 2 The Bartel BM - 2 was a Polish biplane primary trainer aircraft prototype of 1926 . Design and development . The aircraft was designed by Ryszard Bartel , a chief designer of Samolot factory in Poznań . It was the first Polish design of a trainer plane . Initially it was known as Bartel M - 2 , then BM - 2 ( M was for designer ' s wife Maryla ) . The prototype was flown on 7 December 1926 in Poznań . In June 1927 it was shown at the first Aviation Exhibition in Warsaw . It was tested in 1927 and evaluated as quite good , but it was not built in series , because Bartel decided to design an improved aircraft , which resulted in the Bartel BM - 4 trainer , which was produced in quantity . After flight testing , the prototype was removed from service . A distinguishing feature of the BM - 2 and all Bartels was an upper wing of a shorter span , because the lower and upper wing halves were interchangeable ( i . e . the lower wingspan included the width of the fuselage ) . Also Bartel put a stress on standardizing the construction materials used : steel pipes , metal sheet etc , in order to make production and repairs easier . A distinguishing feature of the BM - 2 was the upper wing directly over the lower wing - unstaggered wings , while in later Bartel designs , the wings incorporate forward stagger - where the upper wing is mounted ahead of the lower wing . Description . Wooden construction biplane , conventional in layout . Fuselage rectangular in cross - section , plywood - covered ( engine section - metal covered ) . Rectangular two - spar wings , plywood - and canvas - covered . Crew of two , sitting in tandem in open cockpits , with individual windshields . Cockpits with twin controls , the instructor seated aft . Fixed landing gear , with a rear skid ( main gear with a common axle , sprung with a rubber rope ) . Radial engine in the fuselage nose , without a cowling . Two - blade wooden propeller 2 . 24 m diameter . Fuel tanks : 120 l . Cruise fuel consumption : 34 l / h .
2nd Maryland Cavalry , CSA The 2nd Maryland Cavalry , " a . k . a . " Gilmor ' s Partisan Rangers , was a Confederate unit in the American Civil War . History . The unit was founded and commanded by Colonel Harry Gilmor . Gilmor was a member of the Towson Guards ( a . k . a . Baltimore Horse Guards ) , when the Civil War started . Due to his political views , he was taken prisoner by the U . S . Federal government and imprisoned at Fort McHenry . After he was released , he went to the Shenandoah Valley to join the Confederate Army . He served as a scout for Colonel Turner Ashby , General J . E . B . Stuart ' s predecessor . Gilmor joined as a Private , but was quickly promoted to Sergeant Major . In March , 1862 , he had raised his own company , which was attached to the 12th Virginia Cavalry . Gilmor served with General Stonewall Jackson at McDowell County , West Virginia in May 1862 . Gilmor ' s Cavalry Company spent the next three months scouting , serving as couriers and harassing enemy camps and trains . In September 1862 , Harry Gilmor was with General Jackson when he crossed the Potomac River into Maryland . While in Maryland , Gilmor went on " French leave " , to see his family in Towson , Maryland , just north of Baltimore . While en route to his family home , Glen Ellen Plantation , Gilmor was taken prisoner by Union Forces . Sometime later , Harry Gilmor was back with Confederate Forces as part of a prisoner exchange . He was serving under General JEB Stuart at the Battle of Kelly ' s Ford in March 1863 . Shortly after the battle , Harry Gilmor petitioned to raise his own cavalry regiment . He organized several companies of mostly Marylanders into a unit that called themselves " The Band " . Occasionally , Gilmor ' s Battalion fought alongside other units such as McNeill ' s Rangers , and the 1st Maryland Cavalry , CSA . During the Confederate campaign into Maryland in June 1863 , Harry Gilmor was temporarily placed in command of the 1st Maryland Cavalry , after its commander was wounded in combat . After the Maryland Campaign , the Confederate Army returned to Virginia . During this time , Gilmor had 6 full companies of rangers operating in the Shenandoah Valley . They conducted mainly guerrilla - type operations against Union wagon trains , railroads , telegraph lines , depots , bridges and encampments . In June 1864 , Gilmor ' s Battalion was designated as the 2nd Maryland Cavalry . The 1st & 2nd Maryland Cavalry units became involved in almost daily skirmishes with Union General Sheridan ' s cavalry . In one of these battles , Colonel Gilmor was seriously wounded , and did not return to action until October . In February 1865 , the 2nd Maryland went into West Virginia to forage for supplies , and to meet up with McNeill ' s Rangers . In the process , Colonel Harry Gilmor was captured on February 4 , 1865 , and taken to Fort Warren , Massachusetts .
Hughes AN / ASG - 18 The Hughes AN / ASG - 18 Fire Control System was a prototype airborne radar / combination system for the planned North American XF - 108 Rapier interceptor aircraft for the United States Air Force . The US ' s first pulse doppler radar , the system had look - down / shoot - down capability and could track one target at a time . This was paired with an infrared search and track ( IRST ) system . Range of the radar was estimated at between 200 and 300 miles ( 322 to 482 km ) , with reliable detection of bomber - sized targets at 100 miles . The installation itself was massive , weighing 2 , 100 lb ( 953 kg ) , and taking up most of the nose of the aircraft . The system was to be used with the Hughes AIM - 47 Falcon missile , which also had a range of about 100 miles . While development work was done with the XF - 108 , the AN / ASG - 18 and Falcon missiles were first tested on a highly modified Convair B - 58 bomber ( known as " Snoopy " due to the shape of the nose ) . To fit the radar , the nose was lengthened nearly 7 feet ( 2 . 13 m ) , and the infrared sensors were mounted on either side of the forward fuselage . A single missile was housed in a specially built pod underneath the fuselage . Before the test " Snoopy " could fly , the XF - 108 program was cancelled , and the proposed Lockheed YF - 12 interceptor was to instead receive the radar / missile system pair . Tests of the system were conducted first in 1960 and until 1963 only on the modified B - 58 , after which the YF - 12 took over until the cancellation of the whole program in 1966 .
18th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 18th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Total strength and casualties . The regiment lost 5 officers and 68 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds and 1 officers and 130 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 204 fatalities .
USNS Sgt . Morris E . Crain ( T - AK - 244 ) USNS " Sgt . Morris E . Crain " ( T - AK - 244 ) was a " Boulder Victory " - class cargo ship built at the end of World War II and served the war and its demilitarization as a commercial cargo vessel . From post - war to 1950 she served the U . S . Army as a transport named USAT " Morris E . Crain " . In 1950 she was acquired by the U . S . Navy and assigned to the Military Sea Transportation Service . In 1975 she ended her career and was placed into reserve . Victory ship built in California . " Sgt . Morris E . Crain " was laid down as " Mills Victory " under a U . S . Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull V 741 ) on 14 February 1945 by Permanente Metals Corporation , Richmond , California ; launched on 28 March 1945 ; sponsored by Miss Jane McVeigh ; and delivered to the War Shipping Administration on 21 April 1945 . U . S . Army service . Renamed the " Sgt . Morris E . Crain " by the U . S . Army , the ship served the Army Transportation Corps until 1950 when it was transferred to the U . S . Navy . Service with the MSTS . She was transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service in February 1950 to become a United States Naval Ship . Home ported in San Francisco , California , " Sgt . Morris E . Crain " made trips to the major islands of the Pacific Ocean and carried military cargo to Korea in support of United Nations forces there . As of 1974 , " Sgt . Morris E . Crain " continued her service as a United States Naval Ship with a civil service crew . Assigned to the Military Sealift Command , " Sgt . Morris E . Crain " carried cargo for all the services . Decommissioning . She was decommissioned at an unknown date and struck from the Navy List on 1 April 1975 . She was returned to the U . S . Maritime Commission on 17 July 1975 . Her subsequent fate is not recorded .
LaVena Johnson LaVena Johnson ( July 27 , 1985 – July 19 , 2005 ) was a Private First Class in the United States Army whose death , officially ruled a suicide , has attracted international attention amid shocking revelations she was raped and murdered . She was the first female soldier from Missouri to die in Iraq . Biography . The daughter of Dr John Johnson , a service veteran and Linda Johnson , Johnson was born and grew up in Florissant , Missouri . The 5 ' 1 " African American honor student enlisted in the Army immediately after graduating from Hazelwood Central High School . She was deployed to Iraq and stationed in Balad . She had been there for 8 weeks before her death on July 19 , 2005 . Death and controversy . Johnson ' s death was officially ruled a suicide by the Department of Defense . However , her father became suspicious when he saw her body in the funeral home and decided to investigate . The Army initially refused to release information , but did so under the Freedom of Information Act after Representative William Lacy Clay , Jr . raised questions about it at the congressional hearings over Pat Tillman ' s death . The autopsy report and photographs revealed Johnson had a broken nose , black eye , loose teeth , burns from a corrosive chemical on her genitals , and a gunshot wound that seemed inconsistent with suicide . Several reporters have suspected that the chemical burns were to destroy DNA evidence of a rape . A spokesman from the House Armed Services Committee said in June 2008 that the committee was looking into Johnson ' s death , but they were not yet committing to a formal investigation . Christopher Grey , chief of public affairs for the U . S . Criminal Investigative Command for the Army has said that the case remains closed as far as they are concerned . Following a February 2007 KMOV news report on Johnson ' s death , an online petition addressed to the House Armed Services Committee and the Senate Armed Services Committee was launched . This was followed by the creation of an official LaVena Johnson website dedicated to developments in prompting a new Army investigation of her death . The petition closed on May 24 , 2008 with nearly 12 , 000 signatures ; preparations are being made for delivery to the two committees . In July 2008 , the online Black activist group Color of Change launched an online petition calling on Henry Waxman , chair of the House Oversight Committee , to conduct a hearing into LaVena Johnson ' s death and the Army ' s handling of her case and others like it . A documentary film about LaVena Johnson ' s family struggle for justice was made in 2010 , directed by Joan Brooker and titled " LaVena Johnson : The Silent Truth " . On July 19 , 2011 , the Cold Case Investigative Research Institute ( CCIRI ) at CHI Institute will continue its investigation into the death by recreating the crime scene . Each year the CCIRI investigates a new cold case and this year chose Johnson ’ s case . The CCIRI ’ s crime scene reconstruction will help shed light on this case that has attracted worldwide attention .
Sasō Sachū Biography . Sasō was born in Kanazawa Domain ( present day Kanazawa , Ishikawa as the 4th son of Horio Jirobei , a samurai in the service of the Maeda clan , and was adopted at an early age by the Sasō family . In 1869 , he entered the predecessor to the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy , and from 1871 - 1878 was sent to England for further studies . After his return to Japan in January 1879 , he was made deputy general manager of the Shipbuilding Division within the Ministry of the Navy . He subsequently travelled to Europe to visit shipyards , and was eventually promoted to commandant of the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal and other posts within the Navy Ministry , rising to the position of Vice Admiral . He was awarded an honorary doctorate of engineering in 1899 .