naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Danny Boy The Battle of Danny Boy took place at Al Amara in Iraq on 14 May 2004 , between British soldiers and about 100 Iraqi insurgents , members of the Mahdi Army . The battle is named after a local British checkpoint called Danny Boy . Battle . The insurgents ambushed a patrol of Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders close to a checkpoint known as Danny Boy near Majar Al Kabir . The Argylls called in reinforcements from the 1st Battalion of the Princess of Wales ' s Royal Regiment , they were also ambushed and due to an electronic communications failure it was some time before further British relief arrived . While waiting for reinforcements the British were involved in one of the fiercest engagements they fought in Iraq . The fighting involving close - quarter rifle fire and bayonets . The fighting lasted for about three hours during which the British Army reported that 28 Iraqis were killed , and that the British suffered some wounded but that none were killed in the action . Aftermath . Sergeant Brian Wood , of the Princess of Wales ' s Royal Regiment was awarded the Military Cross for his part in the battle . On 25 November 2009 , Bob Ainsworth , then the British Minister of State for the Armed Forces , after high court judges found that the MoD had made " serious breaches " of its duty , announced that a retired High Court judge Sir Thayne Forbes would chair the Al - Sweady Inquiry into allegations that 20 Iraqis , taken prisoner during the battle , were murdered and that others were tortured . The British Ministry of Defence denies that the 20 were captured , but that 20 bodies were removed from the battlefield for identification and then returned to the families and that a further nine were taken prisoner and held for questioning but were not mistreated . In March 2013 , Christopher Stanley of the UK - based Rights Watch group said that MoD is trying to get away with grave human rights violations – including killing – without punishment or due process of law . On 4 March 2013 the hearings of the Al - Sweady Public Inquiry opened in London . The FAQ on the website of the Al - Sweady Public Inquiry states :
Exercise Swarmer Exercise Swarmer ( also known as Operation Swarmer ) was a military exercise conducted in the spring of 1950 by the United States Air Force , United States Army and United States Navy in the southeastern part of the United States , headquartered at Fort Bragg in the state of North Carolina . Starting on April 24 and running through May 8 , the exercise was intended to apply lessons learned during the Berlin Airlift to battlefield logistics ; the exercise took place over ten days and involved over 60 , 000 personnel . Scenario . The scenario for Exercise Swarmer involved a mock invasion of the eastern coast of the United States , with defending forces counterattacking the ' enemy incursion ' via a massive airlift behind enemy lines . The counterattack involved establishing an airhead , involving over six hundred transport and fighter aircraft , and airdrop s of over 3900 paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division and the 11th Airborne Division . Results . Although the achievements of the airlift were initially considered disappointing as opposed to projections , by the time four days of the exercise had passed the results were considered to be " the biggest step forwards since World War II " by the Joint Chiefs of Staff . However , the United States Air Force determined that existing transport aircraft were inadequate for the cargo needs of the Army , General James Gavin calling for an increase in the supply of C - 119 cargo aircraft . Exercise Swarmer also saw the service introduction of the first Parachute Rigger Badge , used by the 11th Parachute Maintenance Company , although the badge would not become official until 1986 .
9K112 Kobra The 9K112 Kobra ( NATO reporting name : AT - 8 Songster ) is a SACLOS anti - tank missile system of the Soviet Union . It is fired from the 125 mm main guns of the T - 64 and T - 80 series of tanks . Development . The first generation of Soviet missile tanks started in 1956 when V . A . Malyshev was ordered by Nikita Khrushchev to instill a " new thinking " into the weapons design bureaus . Part of this " new thinking " was the development of missile tanks including the IT - 1 firing the Drakon missile and the Taifun armed Obiekt 297 . However these early tank designs were failures . A purely missile armed tank had a 300 meter deadzone around it , where it could not engage targets - also the size of the early missiles limited the number carried . Hybrid designs compromised both main gun firepower and missile carrying capacity . These limitations led to the development of a hybrid system , where the missile was fired through the barrel of the tank ' s main cannon . The first generation of this concept was the Obiekt 775 tank , armed with a 125 mm smoothbore gun that could fire high explosive unguided rockets , or a radio command guided projectile . The guided projectile was called Rubin ( Ruby ) and the unguided projectile called Bur ( Drill ) . The tank could carry 24 Rubin missiles and 48 Bur rockets . The project was a failure , as the Rubins shaped charge warhead was not effective enough , and there were concerns that the missiles command link could be jammed . Development continued during the 1960s but it was not until the 1970s that serious attention was paid to the concept again . This was probably because of three factors : The development of a second generation of Soviet tube fired guided projectiles began in the 1970s . The Kobra missile system was in competition with the IR guided Gyurza system . The IR guidance system of the Gyurza missile proved troublesome and the Kobra was put into production . The 9K112 was first mounted on a new version of the T - 64 in 1980 . The later T - 80B was also armed with the system . The Gyurza system continued to be developed , dropping the IR guidance system in favour of radio command guidance - it was then developed into the " Shturm " or AT - 6 Spiral . Description . The 9M112 Kobra missile consists of two sections : The two separate sections are stored in the autoloader of the tank in the same way as conventional 125 mm rounds . As the round is hoisted into the gun the two halves are mated together . The missile can be fired in any of three modes : The missile has a muzzle velocity of 125 m / s , this increases to 800 m / s at peak , but averages at 350 to 400 meters a second . The flight time to 4000 meters is 9 to 10 seconds . The missile has a single 4 . 5 kg HEAT warhead , that can penetrate 600 mm of RHA .
Battle of Sideling Hill The Battle of Sideling Hill was an engagement between Pennsylvania colonial militia and a band of Native Americans that had recently attacked Fort McCord and taken a number of colonial settlers captive . On April 1 , 1756 , a band of Delawares , probably under the command of either Captain Jacobs or Shingas , stormed Fort McCord in western Pennsylvania , where they captured or killed 27 settlers . In response to the raid , three bands of militia were sent in pursuit . Captain Alexander Culbertson ' s company , numbering about 50 , caught up with the Delawares three days later . In a two - hour engagement , both sides suffered heavy casualties , but the colonists were driven off by the arrival of reinforcements . The precise location of the Battle of Sideling Hill and hence the burial site of the militia lost in the battle has not been determined .
Cannone da 70 / 15 The Cannone da 70 / 15 was a mountain gun was used by Italy during World War I . By World War II it had been relegated to the infantry gun role in units assigned to Italian East Africa . It lacked a modern recoil system and was virtually obsolescent upon its introduction in 1904 . But it took the Italians almost a decade to field the Cannone da 65 / 17 modello 13 as its replacement . It was gradually phased out of the mountain role and transferred to the infantry as an infantry gun . It was broken - down into four loads for transport .
Anatoly Khrulyov Lieutenant General Anatoly Khrulyov ( Russian : Анатолий Хрулев ; Naro - Fominsk , 3 June 1955 ) is a Russia n general who was the commander of the Russian 58th Army in South Ossetia during the 2008 South Ossetia War . He was wounded when his military column moving into Tskhinvali was ambushed by Georgian Special Forces on 9 August 2008 .
HMAS Nyanie HMAS " Nyanie " ( GPV 965 ) was an auxiliary vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during the Second World War . She was commissioned on 6 July 1945 . She was used by the Services Reconnaissance Department and was paid off in 1945 , before being transferred to the Australian Army .
Blackburn B . 44 The Blackburn B . 44 was a British single - engined fighter aircraft designed by Blackburn Aircraft in 1942 . It is notable as a rare example of a flying boat fighter , featuring Blackburn ' s unique retractable hull , and designed to meet the requirements of Air Ministry Specification N . 2 / 42 . Development . After Japan ' s initial successes in the Pacific , during World War II , the need for a fighter aircraft capable of operating from austere island sites , with minimal infrastructure , was regarded as a high priority . N . 2 / 42 called for a retractable hull flying - boat fighter and Blackburn decided to utilise as much of the structure of the Blackburn Firebrand as possible . The fuselage of the aircraft was to be split in two with the lower float - like half extending and retracting hydraulically . The Napier Sabre engine was to have been in the nose of the upper fuselage half and armament was to have been carried in the wings . The protracted development due to engine supply difficulties and serious control and stability short - comings of the Firebrand , led to cancellation of the B . 44 . Further work on the flying boat fighter concept was carried out by Saunders - Roe , leading to the Saunders - Roe SR . A / 1 .
Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 36 Arensburg Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 36 Arensburg , 36 . Kaitse Rindepataljon or the 36th Estonian Police Battalion was an Estonian unit that served in World War II under command of Schutzstaffel . The battalion was established on November 23 , 1941 . It participated at Anti - partisan operations in Belarus and guarded the prisoner - of - war camp s in the coal mines of Stalino and Makeyevka . From November 22 to December 31 the battalion took part of the Battle of Stalingrad under the command of Harald Riipalu .
720th Bombardment Squadron The 720th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 450th Bombardment Wing . It was last stationed at Minot Air Force Base , North Dakota , and was inactivated on 25 July 1968 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force primarily in New Mexico . Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in December , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force in Southern Italy . Engaged in very long range strategic bombardment missions against enemy strategic targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , and the Balkans until April 1945 . Bombed aircraft factories , assembly plants , oil refineries , storage areas , marshalling yards , airdromes , and other objectives until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Most of squadron was demobilized in Italy in May 1945 ; returning to United States with skeleton staff . Re - equipped and redesignated a B - 29 Superfortress very heavy bomb squadron , and received new personnel . Began training under Second Air Force for planned deployment to the Western Pacific Area ( WPA ) , however Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation of squadron in October . Reactivated under Alaskan Air Command in 1954 as an F - 86D Sabre air defense interceptor squadron . Inactivated in 1955 ; reactivated under Tactical Air Command in 1957 as an F - 100 Super Sabre day fighter squadron in Texas , being redesignated Tactical Fighter squadron in 1958 . Only active briefly as budget cuts forced inactivation in 1958 with the closure of Foster AFB . Reactivated under Strategic Air Command in 1963 , replacing provisional B - 52H Stratofortess squadron at Minot AFB , North Dakota . Performed intercontinental training and deployments , also standing nuclear alert . Beginning in 1966 , squadron deployed personnel to forward bases in the Western Pacific , where they engaged in combat missions over Indochina as part of Operation Arc Light . Inactivated in 1968 when SAC pulled out of Travis AFB , California and the 5th Bombardment Wing moved to Minot . Personnel and equipment redesignated as 23d Bombardment Squadron due to seniority precedence of older wing .
Forest of Remembrance The Forest of Remembrance ( ) , formerly known as the Forest of the Departed ( ) , is a memorial garden located in the park of El Retiro in Madrid , Spain that commemorates the 191 civilian victims of the 2004 Madrid train bombings and the special forces agent who died in the attacks on 11 March 2004 . The seven suicide bomber s subsequently killed themselves on 3 April 2004 while under siege by security forces in their apartment block . The new name , ( Forest of Remembrance ) , was chosen after the survivors and the victims ' families argued that those killed are for ever present and have never departed from their hearts . The memorial comprises 192 olive tree s and cypress es , one for each person killed , and is surrounded by a channel of water intended to symbolise life . The location is a hillock near the Atocha railway station , one of the sites of the atrocities . Inauguration . Their Majesties King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia presided over the dedication ceremony , which took place on 11 March 2005 . They had the honour of being the first to place flowers at the memorial . Their bouquet of white flowers bore the message : " " In memory of all the victims of terrorism " " . Their Royal Highnesses Prince Felipe and Princess Letizia of Asturias , the President of the Government of Spain ( i . e . the Prime Minister ) José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and political representatives of all the parties took part in the inauguration , as well as some chiefs of state and world leaders like the United Nations Secretary - General Kofi Annan , the King of Morocco Mohammed VI , the President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai , the President of Senegal Abdoulaye Wade , the President of Mauritania Maaouya Ould Sid ' Ahmed Taya , the Prime Minister of Poland Marek Belka , the President of Portugal Jorge Sampaio , the Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg , the foreign policy chief of the European Union Javier Solana , the President of the European Parliament Josep Borrell and the ambassadors of the sixteen countries that lost citizens in the attacks . At the request of the victims ' families , no speeches were delivered during the ceremony . However , a 17 - year - old cellist performed " " El Cant dels Ocells " " , in Catalan , ( " " The Song of the Birds " " ) by Pau Casals .
Stanisław Bobiński Stanisław Bobiński ( ; ; 1882 - 1937 ) was a Soviet communist politician , journalist and military commander of Polish origin . Born November 20 , 1882 in Warsaw to a gentry family . In 1910 he graduated from the faculty of philosophy of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków . He continued his studies at the Academy of Forestry in Dresden , where he received his diploma in 1911 . In 1913 he returned to Warsaw and became a member of the committee of the SDKPiL party . Evacuated from Warsaw in 1915 , he moved to Moscow , where in 1917 he also became an active member of the bolshevik party . He was one of the directors of the Polish - language " Trybuna " newspaper published in revolutionary Moscow and a notable promoter of the communist movement among the Polish expatriates in Russia . A representative of the SDKPiL at the Brest peace talks , after the end of World War I in Russia he started to organize the " Red Regiment of Revolutionary Warsaw " , a military unit of the Red Army composed primarily of Poles . With time the regiment grew to become the core of the Western Rifle Division , later renamed to the Soviet 52nd Rifle Division , of which Bobiński was a commissar . During the Russian offensive on Warsaw during the Polish - Soviet War , Bobiński became the secretary of propaganda in a shadow government formed by the Communist Party of Poland ( the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee ) . However , the Russian defeat in the battle of Warsaw brought his career to an end . He continued his career as a Russian communist politician and at various times he was a delegate to the Komintern and Communist Party General Committee . In 1929 he was demoted of most his party posts and became a head of a technical museum in Moscow . Finally he was killed in 1937 , during the Great Purge .
Harry Polewacz Harry Polewacz ( 31 March 1909 — 12 January 1943 ) was an Obersturmbannführer in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Harry Polewacz was born on the 31 March 1909 in Berlin . He volunteered to join the SS and was posted to the Leibstandarte SS " Adolf Hitler " in command of the 10th Company . He was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class in September 1939 , during the Polish Campaign and the Iron Cross 1st class in June 1940 during the Battle of France . In late 1940 he posted to the new SS Division being formed SS Division ( mot . ) " Wiking " and given command of the III . Battalion , 9th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Germania " . Polewacz next participated in Operation Barbarossa the invasion of the Soviet Union , where he was awarded the German Cross in Gold in December 1941 . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in December 1942 , when in command of the III . Battalion , SS Regiment " Nordland " . Polewacz was killed in action on the 12 January 1943 , near Orlowsky , Russia .
Battle of the Komandorski Islands The Battle of the Komandorski Islands was one of the most unusual engagements of World War II . It was a naval battle which took place on 27 March 1943 in the North Pacific area of the Pacific Ocean , south of the Soviet Komandorski Islands . Background . When the United States became aware of Japanese plans to send a supply convoy to their forces on the Aleutian Islands of Alaska , U . S . Navy ships commanded by Rear Admiral Charles McMorris were sent to prevent this . The fleet consisted of the heavy cruiser , the light cruiser and the destroyer s , , and . Unknown to the Americans , the Japanese had chosen to escort their convoy with two heavy cruisers , two light cruisers , and four destroyers commanded by Vice Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya . On the early morning of 27 March , the Japanese convoy was intercepted by the American picket line some 100 miles south of the Komandorski islands and 180 west of Kiska , just to the west of the International Date Line . Because of the remote location of the battle and chance encounter on open ocean , neither fleet had air or submarine assistance , making this one of the few engagements exclusively between surface ship s in the Pacific Theater and one of the last pure gunnery duels between fleets in naval history . Although the Japanese cruisers heavily outgunned the American force , the engagement was tactically inconclusive . Both fleets suffered damage , with the U . S . Navy warships escaping almost by luck . With the Japanese fleet on the edge of victory , Admiral Hosogaya — not realizing the heavy damage his ships had inflicted and fearing American war planes would appear — retired without destroying his enemy . This amounted to a strategic defeat , as it ended Japanese attempts to resupply the Aleutian garrisons by surface ship , leaving only submarines to conduct supply runs . Hosogaya was accordingly retired from active service after the battle . Battle . As the range closed , " Bailey " opened fire on " Nachi " at a range of and then switched to a light cruiser . " Coghlan " opened fire on " Nachi " at a range of . " Salt Lake City " fired 806 armor - piercing projectiles and then 26 high - capacity shells after the supply of armor - piercing ammunition was exhausted . Powder and shells were manhandled aft from the forward magazines to keep the after guns firing . " Salt Lake City " ′ s rudder stops were carried away , limiting her to 10° course changes . Order of battle . United States Navy . Task Group 16 . 6 - RADM Charles McMorris , Commander , Task Group 16 . 6 Destroyer Squadron 14 - CAPT Ralph Riggs Imperial Japanese Navy . Northern Force - VADM Boshiro Hosogaya , Commander , Fifth Fleet ( Northern Force ) Cruiser Division One : Destroyer Division 21 : D Convoy - RADM Tomoichi Mori , Commander , Destroyer Squadron One Destroyer Division Six : 2nd Escort Force
Edward W . Heston Edward Warner Heston ( March 16 , 1745 , Hestonville , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania – February 14 , 1824 ) was a lieutenant colonel in the Pennsylvania militia during the American Revolutionary War and later a Pennsylvania state senator . During the Revolution , he entered service as a captain . In a skirmish with the British , he suffered a severe sword cut to the back of the head . He was taken prisoner and sent to Long Island , where he was held for seven months . He rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel by the close of the war . He founded a village along the Lancaster Pike named Hestonville , in the former Blockley Township , now part of Philadelphia . The Heston Mansion , located near the current Heston School , was built in 1800 and was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1872 ; it was demolished in 1901 to make way for a railroad . He also served as a judge in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas . He was the father of 14 children . He died at his residence in Hestonville and was buried in The Woodlands Cemetery .