naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Clean sweep ( naval ) A " clean sweep " for a naval vessel refers to having " swept the enemy from the seas , " a completely successful mission . It is traditionally indicated by hanging a broom from a mast or lashing it to the periscope of a submarine . History . It is said the use of brooms in this respect originated during the 1650s , when the Dutch Admiral Maarten Tromp , after a decisive victory in the First Anglo - Dutch War , hung a broom from his mast to indicate he had " swept the British from the seas " - his opponent Admiral Blake is said to have responded with the hoisting of a whip , indicating he would whip the Dutch into submission . The United States Submarine Service during World War II generally considered a patrol a " clean sweep " if the sub sank every target she engaged . ( Individual torpedoes might miss , and convoys usually had far too many ships for all to be sunk by a single boat , but these unavoidable inefficiencies did not mar a " clean sweep . " ) Recent variations . Few wide - ranging war patrols have been conducted since World War II , so commanding officers have taken other opportunities to fly brooms . For example , in the year 2000 the Military Sealift Command hung a broom from the flagpole yardarm outside their headquarters to symbolize its " clean sweep " of the Y2K bug on all the command ' s ships . In 2003 , under circumstances perhaps closer to the traditional context , after USS " Cheyenne " ( SSN - 773 ) launched her Tomahawk missile s during Operation Iraqi Freedom , her commanding officer decided that placing all missiles on target , with no duds or failures , was a modern " clean sweep . " In contrast , the commanding officers of USS " Ohio " ( SSGN - 726 ) in 2005 and USS " Virginia " ( SSN - 774 ) in 2006 felt that completion of Alpha sea trials , indicating those vessels ' basic seaworthiness , qualified them to fly the broom . In Naval Mine Warfare : After sweeping through a minefield , a mine sweeper would hoist the broom on the yardarm to signify their mission accomplished . Finding and destroying any mines found along the route , clearing the way for later ship ' s safe passage through the field . The crew ' s on these ships called themselves " The Last of the Iron Men on Wooden Ships . " Ref : USS Adroit - MSO - 440 See also . Jolly Roger # By submarines
HMS Wolverine ( 1863 ) HMS " Wolverine " ( also HMS " Wolverene " ) was a " Jason " - class three - masted wooden screw corvette , of the Royal Navy . Later she became flagship of the Australia Station , eventually being presented to the Colony of New South Wales as a training ship for the New South Wales Naval Brigade and New South Wales Naval Artillery Volunteers . History . HMS " Wolverine " was built at the Woolwich Dockyard and launched at Woolwich on 29 August 1863 . After serving in the North America and West Indies Station in the 1860s , she was commissioned as the flagship of the Australia Station on 7 September 1875 , under the command of Commodore Anthony Hoskins . In 1880 , Francis Pringle Taylor was appointed lieutenant in command , a position he held until 1884 . During its service " Wolverine " was present for the Royal Navy ' s Detached Squadron world cruise in 1881 when the princes Albert and George undertook naval training . The " Wolverine " left Sydney Harbour at the same time as the Detached Squadron on 10 August 1981 , with Commodore John Wilson , Commander - in - Chief of the Australia Station , her destination being Brisbane and then New Guinea . On board was the scientist Nicholas Miklouho - Maclay who was to continue scientific studies in Brisbane and New Guinea . His knowledge of the people of New Guinea was used to assist Commodore Wilson in a punitive expedition to apprehend natives concerned in a murder which took place at Kalo on the South coast . " Wolverine ' s " service came to an end was replaced by HMS " Nelson " and paid off in 1882 at Sydney . She was presented to the Colony of New South Wales as a training ship for the New South Wales Naval Brigade and New South Wales Naval Artillery Volunteers — challenging " enemy " ships at Sydney heads and " attacking " coastal and harbour fortifications . The ship was decommissioned in 1892 , sold to a private firm ( Peter Ellison , Sydney ) for £2 , 200 in August 1893 and with the engines removed was used as a hulk . After refit and conversion to a barque , she commenced service as a merchant vessel . On a voyage from Sydney to Liverpool , England she sprung leaks and returned to Auckland for repairs , however upon docking she was found to be unfit . She was sold to G . Niccol , Auckland , for £1 , 000 . Fate . She was partially scrapped and her hull was burnt .
Nirmal Kumar Verma Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma ( born November 14 , 1951 ) is a former Indian Navy Admiral who served as the Chief of the Naval Staff of Indian Navy , from August 31 , 2009 to August 31 , 2012 . In November 2012 , he was appointed as the High Commissioner to Canada . Early life . Born on November 14 , 1951 , he joined the Indian Navy at the age of 19 . He studied at Goethals Memorial School Kurseong , Royal Naval Staff College in the UK , and the Naval War College in the US . Military career . Verma took charge of the Naval Academy in Goa , and subsequently became commander of a series of Indian Navy ships , including INS Ranvir ( D54 ) and INS Viraat , India ' s only aircraft carrier . He rose to the rank of Flag Officer Commanding - in - Chief ( FOC - in - C ) of the Eastern Naval Command , and was appointed Chief of the Indian Navy upon the retirement of Sureesh Mehta on August 31 , 2009 . During his career he has been awarded several decorations , including the Param Vishisht Seva Medal and the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal .
Cramond Roman Fort Cramond Roman Fort is a Roman - Era archaeological site at Cramond , Edinburgh , Scotland . The settlement may be the " Rumabo " listed in the 7th - century " Ravenna Cosmography " . The fort was established around 140 AD and occupied until around 170 , with a further period of occupation from around 208 to 211 . Among the many archaeological finds , one of the most famous is a sculpture known as the Cramond Lioness . History . The fort at Cramond was located on the River Almond at the point where it flows into the Forth . In Roman times , there was probably a natural harbour here . The Roman fort at Cramond was established around 140 during the building of the Antonine Wall , and remained in use until around 170 when the Romans retreated south to Hadrian ' s Wall . When the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus began the last major Roman incursion into Scotland from 208 to 211 , the fort was reoccupied and enlarged . Throughout these periods of occupation a civilian settlement seems to have existed outside the fort , and some native occupation of the fort seems to have taken place after the time of Severus into the 4th century . Finds . A stone altar which was dug up a few hundred years ago in the grounds of Cramond House , was originally erected by a cohort of Tungri ans ( either first or second ) and was dedicated to " the Alatervan Mothers and the Mothers of the Parade - ground " ( ) . Early antiquarian s interpreted this as referring to the place where the stone was found , and drew from it the conclusion that the Roman name of Cramond was " Alaterva " . This idea is no longer accepted among scholars , and " Alatervae " is now believed to be an epithet attached to the Matronae , following a practice found elsewhere in the empire . It is thought that Cramond may be the " Rumabo " listed in the 7th - century " Ravenna Cosmography " – the original form of the name perhaps being " Carumabo " . Other stones found at the fort include a centuria l stone of Legio II Augusta , and an altar " To Jupiter Optimus Maximus " erected by the fifth cohort of Gauls . The most famous sculpture is the Cramond Lioness recovered from the mouth of the River Almond in 1997 . The sculpture , in a non - local white sandstone , shows a lioness devouring her prey , a naked bearded male torso . The sculpture was most probably originally part of a large tomb monument of an important Roman office , perhaps the fort commander or an important dignitary . The site today . The ground plan of part of the fort is laid out in an area of open parkland . Here one can see headquarters building , granaries , workshop , together with other buildings , restored in outline . Information panels at the site link the findings of the last 50 years of excavations and recreate life in the former Roman headquarters and bathhouse . Since the year 2000 there have been plans to turn the Roman remains at Cramond into a tourist attraction . The plans include a visitor centre and museum , housing most of the Roman artefacts discovered in the area over the years , including the Cramond Lioness .
Siege of Krujë ( 1478 ) The Fourth Siege of Krujë by the Ottoman Empire of Krujë in Albania occurred in 1478 , ten years after the death of the Skanderbeg , and resulted in the town ' s capture after the failure of three prior sieges . Demoralized and severely weakened by hunger and lack of supplies from the year - long siege , the Albanian defenders surrendered to Sultan Mehmed II , who had promised them they could leave unharmed in exchange . One of the important historical sources about this siege is the fourth volume of the " Annali Veneti e del Mondo " manuscript written by Stefano Magno .
Thomas Hardeman , Jr . Thomas Hardeman , Jr . ( January 12 , 1825 – March 6 , 1891 ) was an American politician , lawyer and soldier . Biography . Hardeman was born in Eatonton , Georgia and graduated from Emory College in 1845 . He studied and was admitted to the state bar in 1847 . Rather than practicing law , he pursued interests in the warehouse and commission business . After serving in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1853 , 1855 , and 1857 , Hardeman was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the 36th United States Congress as a Representative of Georgia ' s 3rd congressional district and served a partial term from March 4 , 1859 , until January 23 , 1861 , when he resigned to become a captain in the " Floyd Rifles " . During the American Civil War , Hardeman was major of the 2nd Georgia Battalion in the Confederate States Army . He then became a colonel in the 45th Georgia Infantry , a regiment he organized . During the war , he served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1863 , 1864 , and 1874 , and served as that body ' s speaker . After the war , Hardeman was a delegate to the 1872 Democratic National Convention . He was also president of the State convention and chairman of the Democratic State executive committee for four years . In 1882 , Hardeman won election again to the U . S . House of Representatives as an at - large Democrat to the 48th United States Congress . He served one term from March 4 , 1883 , to March 3 , 1885 . He died in Macon , Georgia , on March 6 , 1891 , and was buried in that city ' s Rose Hill Cemetery . The Colonel Thomas Hardeman , Jr . Chapter 2170 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy was named in his honor . Hardeman Avenue in downtown Macon , Georgia , was also named for him .
Army of the Gulf The Army of the Gulf was a Union army that served in the general area of the Gulf states controlled by Union forces . It mainly saw action in Louisiana and Alabama . History . The Department of the Gulf was created following the capture of New Orleans by Admiral David G . Farragut in 1862 . The commander of the Union occupation forces , Benjamin F . Butler was placed in command of the department . In March , Butler assumed command of the department and the Army of the Gulf was created from the troops now designated to the Department of the Gulf . The army saw little action the rest of 1862 and Butler was replaced by Major General Nathaniel P . Banks on December 17 . Banks assumed command of the Department of the Gulf and the Army of the Gulf . At the time the Army of the Gulf consisted of only one corps , the XIX Corps , which Banks was also appointed command of . Banks led the army in several engagements in lower Louisiana that eventually led to the Siege of Port Hudson , the army ' s first major engagement . The army endured the siege and the post was finally surrendered on July 9 , 1863 . The next year the XIII Corps and two divisions of the XVI Corps were added to the department , increasing the army to over three corps . Banks retained command of the army and department while Gen . William H . Emory assumed command of the XIX Corps . In March 1864 , Banks began his disastrous Red River Campaign . After it failed , he resigned from the army and was replaced by Maj . Gen . Stephen A . Hurlbut . The XIX Corps was sent to the Shenandoah Valley and the forces that remained in the army participated in the land attack at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Late in the war , Maj . Gen . Edward Canby ' s Military Division of West Mississippi was given the army ' s two remaining corps , the XIII and the XVI , for a planned offensive to capture the city of Mobile . During this operation , Canby renamed the force the Army of West Mississippi after the military division that he commanded . Although now under a different title , the force was virtually the same army and it took part in the Battle of Spanish Fort and the Battle of Fort Blakely . Canby was appointed command of the Department of the Gulf at the closing of the war and the forces once again became the Army of the Gulf .
William Edgar Holmes William Edgar Holmes VC ( 26 June 1895 – 9 October 1918 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Holmes was 23 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , Grenadier Guards , British Army during the First World War . On 9 October 1918 at Cattenières , France , he performed the deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . He died in action that day . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Guards Regimental Headquarters ( Grenadier Guards RHQ ) , Wellington Barracks , London .
HMAS Gawler ( J188 ) HMAS " Gawler " ( J188 / B241 / A115 ) , named for the town of Gawler , South Australia , was one of 60 " Bathurst " class corvettes constructed during World War II and one of 20 built for the Admiralty but manned by personnel of and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Construction . " Gawler " was laid down by the Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd Shipyard at Whyalla , South Australia on 24 January 1941 . She was launched on 4 October 1941 by the wife of Sir Walter Duncan , then Governor of Victoria , and commissioned into the RAN on 14 August 1942 . The ship was originally to be named HMAS " Gambier " , for the city of Mount Gambier , South Australia . Operational history . RAN service . Upon entering service in September 1942 , " Gawler " was briefly based at Fremantle , Western Australia as an anti - submarine patrol vessel before being assigned to the British Eastern Fleet and ordered to sail to Colombo . The corvette served in the Indian Ocean as a convoy escort between January and April 1943 . Following this , " Gawler " and three sister ships were formed into as the 21st Minesweeping Flotilla and sent to the Mediterranean to serve as minesweepers and convoy escorts . On 17 June 1943 when the British troopship was sunk off the coast of Libya , " Gawler " and her sister ship were among the ships that rescued 1 , 477 survivors . In July , " Gawler " was involved in the Allied invasion of Sicily , and in August the corvette sailed into the Atlantic to meet a Mediterranean - bound convoy . " Gawler " rejoined the Eastern Fleet in October 1943 , and resumed escort duties until January 1945 , with the exception of a refit in Durban during January and February 1944 . After leaving the Eastern Fleet , " Gawler " underwent a four - month refit in Adelaide , before joining the British Pacific Fleet at Manus Island in April 1945 . She remained with the Pacific Fleet until after the end of World War II ; operating in Hong Kong waters during September with mine - warfare and anti - piracy duties , before sailing to the Molucca Islands and spending the rest of 1945 providing surveillance of former Japanese positions in the area . " Gawler " returned to Australian waters in February 1946 , and was decommissioned in Sydney on 5 April 1946 . The corvette received three battle honour s for her wartime service : " Pacific 1942 " , " Indian Ocean 942 - 45 " , and " Sicily 1943 " . Turkish Navy service . Prior to decommissioning , " Gawler " was marked for transfer to the Turkish Navy . Upon decommissioning , " Gawler " was immediately recommissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS " Gawler " . On 21 May 1946 , " Gawler " , with sister ships " Launceston " and " Pirie " , sailed for Colombo , where they were decommissioned from the Royal Navy and commissioned into the Turkish Navy . " Gawler " was renamed TCG " Ayvalik " . The corevette was withdrawn from service in 1963 . The name was passed on to sister corvette TCG " Antalya " ( the former " Geraldton " ) .
Ronald T . Kadish Lt . Gen . Ronald T . Kadish , Ret . ( born April 6 , 1948 ) is a United States Air Force officer who rose to head the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and the Missile Defense Agency within the United States Department of Defense . Biography . Born in Kingston , Pennsylvania , Kadish attended the Cardinal O ' Hara High School and earned a bachelor ' s degree in chemistry in 1970 from St . Joseph ' s University in Philadelphia and joined the Air Force through the OTS program . He trained as a pilot on the C - 130E aircraft and , as a pilot and instructor , logged over 2 , 500 flight hours . By the early 1990s , Kadish had risen through the ranks to the posts of Program Director of the F - 15 , F - 16 , and C - 17 programs at Wright - Patterson Air Force Base . From 1996 to 1999 , he commanded the Electronic Systems Center at Hanscom Air Force Base , and in 1999 was named director of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization in The Pentagon . From January 2002 until his retirement in September 2004 , Kadish headed the Missile Defense Agency . His name was circulated as a possible NASA administrator following the 2004 resignation of Sean O ' Keefe . He now works at Booz Allen Hamilton .
Tachikawa Ki - 74 The Tachikawa Ki - 74 was a Japanese experimental long - range reconnaissance bomber of World War II . A twin - engine , mid - wing monoplane , it was developed for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force but did not enter service . Development . Though already conceived in 1939 as a long - range reconnaissance aircraft capable of reaching west of Lake Baikal when operating from bases in Manchukuo ( Manchuria ) , the prototype Ki - 74 ( designated as A - 26 by Tachikawa ) only first flew as late as in March 1944 ; it was powered by two 1 , 641 kW ( 2 , 200 hp ) Mitsubishi Ha - 211 - I radial engines . The following two prototypes were powered by the turbo - supercharged Mitsubishi Ha - 211 - I Ru , but as these experienced teething troubles , the following thirteen pre - production machines substituted the Ha - 211 Ru engine for the lower powered , but more reliable , turbo - supercharged Mitsubishi Ha - 104 Ru . Operational history . The Ki - 74 did not see operational service . Nevertheless , the Allies knew of its existence and assigned the type the codename " Patsy " after it was discovered that is was a bomber , not a fighter . Previously it had the code name " Pat " in Allied Intelligence .
William Thomas Ellis William Thomas Ellis ( July 24 , 1845 - January 8 , 1925 ) was a U . S . Representative from Kentucky . Early life and family . William Ellis was born near Knottsville , Kentucky on July 24 , 1845 . He was one of two sons born Luther R . and Mary M . ( Kellum ) Ellis . Ellis was educated in the common schools until age sixteen . On October 5 , 1861 , he enlisted as a private in the First Kentucky Confederate Cavalry . This unit became a part of the Orphan Brigade . Ellis eventually rose to become a non - commissioned officer in command of scouts . He served until the end of the war and mustered out on April 21 , 1865 . After the war , Ellis resumed his studies at Pleasant Valley Cemetery in Daviess County . To defray the cost of his education , he worked during the summer months . He studied law , supporting himself by serving as principal of Mount Etna Academy in Ohio County in 1867 and 1868 . Admitted to the bar in 1868 , he attended a course of lectures at Harvard Law School before commencing practice in Owensboro in 1870 . On October 20 , 1871 , Ellis married Alice Coffey . Coffey died in 1872 , and on November 2 , 1876 , Ellis married Mattie B . Miller . Political career . In August 1870 , Ellis was elected county attorney for Daviess County . He was re - elected to this position in 1874 . He served as a Democratic presidential elector for the ticket of Samuel J . Tilden and Thomas Andrews Hendricks in the 1876 presidential election . He unsuccessfully sought election to the Fiftieth Congress in 1886 . Ellis was elected to represent Kentucky ' s Second District in the U . S . House of Representatives in 1888 . He was twice re - elected , serving in the Fifty - first , Fifty - second , and Fifty - third Congresses ( March 4 , 1889 – March 3 , 1895 ) . While he was away from his law practice on congressional business , the firm ' s business was handled by his law partners , one of whom was future Congressman William N . Sweeney . During the Fifty - second and Fifty - third Congresses , he chaired the Committee on Revision of the Laws . A Free Silver supporter , he served on the Banking and Currency Committee and was critical of President Grover Cleveland ' s sound money position . He did not seek re - election in 1894 . Later life and death . After his service in Congress , Ellis returned to his law practice . He was a delegate to the 1896 Democratic National Convention . He also engaged in literary pursuits . Ellis died in Owensboro , Kentucky on January 8 , 1925 and was interred in Elmwood Cemetery .
Air National Guard Readiness Center The Air National Guard Readiness Center ( ANGRC ) is based at Joint Base Andrews , Maryland , and performs operational and technical functions to ensure combat readiness of Air Force National Guard units and is a channel of communication between the National Guard Bureau and the states on Air Force National Guard operational activities . The commander is responsible for four detachments and 23 operating locations with an authorized strength of 734 military and civilian personnel . Its mission is to provide service and support to the Air National Guard and help accomplish its total Air Force mission . It was established as the Air National Guard Support Center , and activated as a direct reporting unit , on June 1 , 1979 . Effective February 5 , 1991 , its status was changed from a direct reporting unit to a field operating agency . It was re - designated as Air National Guard Readiness Center on June 1 , 1992
USRC Taney ( 1833 ) The United States Revenue Cutter " Taney " was one of the 13 cutters of the Morris - Taney class . These cutters were the backbone of the Revenue Cutter Service for more than a decade . Samuel Humphreys designed these cutters for roles as diverse as fighting pirates , privateers , combating smugglers and operating with naval forces . He designed the vessels on a naval schooner concept . They had Baltimore Clipper lines . The vessels built by Webb and Allen , designed by Isaac Webb , resembled Humphreys ' but had one less port . Officially the " Roger B . Taney " , this cutter initially made an inspection tour from Maine to Texas and then sailed to her first duty station at Norfolk , Virginia . Between 1847 and 1850 the cutter served with the Coast Survey . In May 1851 the " Taney " sailed for Savannah , Georgia . In 1852 , after traveling to New York , she capsized . In January 1853 , after repairs , she sailed to for duty in Eastport , Maine . The " Taney " arrived back in Savannah in November 1855 . Damage due to a strike by lightning off Tybee Island forced the Government to sell the cutter on 5 January 1858 .