naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1993 Summer Offensives The 1993 Summer Offensives of the Nagorno - Karabakh War saw the capture of several Azerbaijan i regions by Armenian military units in a series of battles from June to August 1993 . As bombardments against the Nagorno - Karabakh ' s indigenous civilian population emanating from Agdam intensified , on July 4 , an artillery bombardment was commenced by Armenian forces against the region ' s capital of Agdam . As the civilians began to evacuate Agdam , so did the soldiers . As house to house fighting took place , the Azeris , conflicted by desertions , undisciplined troops , and low morale , made little effort to defend the town . Within the end of the month , Armenian forces had taken hold of Agdam and an estimated 120 , 000 civilians had left the Agdam region . On July 29 , the second UNSC resolution , 853 , was passed condemning the offensive and reaffirming the previous points it had made . Despite calls to halt their advances , the Armenian government said that they had no control over the enclave ' s military leaders in order to call off the offensive . Facing a military collapse , Aliev attempted to mediate with the de facto Karabakh government and Minsk Group officials . A three - day truce was agreed upon by both governments beginning on July 26 . Within days , as a sight that had become all too familiar for both , the cease fire collapsed and both sides resumed their fighting . In mid - August , Armenians massed a force to take the Azeri regions of Fizuli and Jebrail , south of NKAO proper . Azerbaijan charged that Armenian forces had already begun bombarding the villages while the Armenians denied it , claiming that they were defending the southern border of the enclave from Azeri attacks . In either case , Armenian forces crossed south and advanced south towards the border of Iran towards Fizuli . Supported by heavy armor , they pushed their way through the region as Iran ' s government issued several warnings on the new offensive but also said it would recommit itself to new peace talks . The region was populated by 30 - 50 , 000 Azeris , forcing many of them to flee and seek refuge in Iran . By August 20 , Fizuli , Jebrail , and Zangelan had fallen . In a span of several months , Azerbaijan had lost a staggering five regions adjacent to Karabakh .
Foreign Military Sales The U . S . Department of Defense ' s Foreign Military Sales ( FMS ) program facilitates sales of U . S . arms , defense equipment , defense services , and military training to foreign governments . The purchaser does not deal directly with the defense contractor ; instead , the Defense Security Cooperation Agency serves as an intermediary , usually handling procurement , logistics and delivery and often providing product support , training , and infrastructure construction ( such as hangars , runways , utilities , etc . ) . The Defense Contract Management Agency often accepts FMS equipment on behalf of the US government . FMS is based on countries being authorized to participate , cases as the mechanism to procure services , and a deposit in a US Trust Fund or appropriate credit and approval to fund services . USAF FMS programs are assigned two - word codename s beginning with the word PEACE , indicating oversight by USAF Headquarters . The second word in these codenames is often chosen to reflect some facet of the customer , such as MARBLE for Israel or ONYX for Turkey . Codenames appear in all capital letters . Also , not all countries use this program , a notable one being Canada and most other Western nations who negotiate directly with the manufacturer . Current US Air Force FMS cases include military sales to Pakistan , Iraq and Egypt . FMS cases that are in pre - award status ( as of 2nd Quarter FY 2011 ) are India & Saudi Arabia . No partner nation has yet succeeded in applying strict schedule clauses to a FMS program .
USS LST - 391 USS " LST - 391 " was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . " LST - 391 " was laid down 14 July 1942 at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Newport News , Virginia , launched 28 October 1942 , sponsored by Miss Katherine Wendell Blewett , and commissioned 3 December 1942 . During World War II , " LST - 391 " was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Sicilian occupation ( July 1943 ) , Salerno landings ( September 1943 ) , and the Invasion of Normandy ( June 1944 ) . Renamed USS " Bowman County " ( LST - 391 ) on 1 July 1955 for Bowman County , North Dakota , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . She was transferred to Greece in May 1960 for service in the Royal Hellenic Navy and renamed HS " Rodos " ( L - 157 ) . Her final fate is unknown . " LST - 391 " earned three battle star s for World War II service .
Military humanism Military humanism is the use of force and violence to further a humanitarian cause . Although it can easily be disputed whether or not furthering a humanitarian cause is the real intention behind such an action , the theoretical descriptive guideline still applies . The U . S . - led North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) intervention in the Balkans is the most well - known case , and brought the term to prominence . The concept is most widely explored in Noam Chomsky ' s book " The New Military Humanism : Lessons from Kosovo " ( 1999 ) in which he argues that NATO ' s 1999 bombing of Kosovo was not conducted for humanitarian reasons but to further the military hegemony of western democratic powers such as the United States . There is an enormous amount of research testing to be done on the transformation of a traditional professional fighter into a uniformed , liberally empathic peace soldier and peace squadron in any future military operations .
Coast guard agencies in the People ' s Republic of China The Peoples Republic of China operates several coast guard agencies . It is believed that in the near future , an integration of all these separate services would form a Chinese coast guard . In addition , these services operate their own small aviation units to assist their maritime patrol capabilities . The China Coast Guard ( Simplified Chinese : 中国海警 ) serves as a coordinating body for maritime search and rescue in the territorial waters of the People ' s Republic of China . The China Coast Guard is the maritime branch of the Public Security Border Troops , a paramilitary police force under the leadership of the Ministry of Public Security ( MPS ) . The China Maritime Safety Administration ( Chinese : 中国海事局 ) is a government agency which coordinates maritime search and rescue in the territorial waters of the People ' s Republic of China . The CMSA is part of the Ministry of Transport . The China Marine Surveillance ( CMS ) , created on 19 October 1998 , is a paramilitary maritime law enforcement agency of the State Oceanic Administration of the People ’ s Republic of China . The force is responsible for enforcing laws and order within China ’ s territorial waters , exclusive economic zones ( EEZ ) , and shores , protect maritime environment , natural resources , navigation aids and other facilities , and carry out maritime surveys . In time of emergency , the force can also be deployed for other missions such as search and rescue . The China Fisheries Law Enforcement Command ( FLEC ) , an organ of the Fisheries Management Bureau under the PRC Ministry of Agriculture , is responsible for the enforcement of laws concerning fishing and maritime resources within PRC ’ s territorial waters and exclusive economic zones ( EEZ ) . FLEC ’ s responsibilities include protecting Chinese fishing vessels and personnel , resolving disputes in fishing activities , preventing illegal fishing , and protecting maritime resources .
Cohort ( military unit ) A cohort ( from the Latin " cohors " , plural " cohortes " ) was the basic tactical unit of a Roman legion during the Second Punic War 218 to 201 BC or following the reforms of Gaius Marius in 107 BC . Legionary cohort . Immediately after the Marian reforms , a Roman legion comprised ten cohorts , known simply as " the first cohort " , " the second cohort " etc . The first cohort was considered to be the most senior and prestigious , and the tenth the least . A cohort consisted of approximately 480 men and commanded by one man . It consisted of six " centuriae " of 80 men , each commanded by a centurion assisted by junior officers . At various times prior to the reforms , a century might have meant a unit of 60 , 80 or 100 men . It is almost certain that the most senior centurion of the six would have commanded the entire cohort . In order of seniority , the six centurions were titled " hastatus posterior " , " hastatus prior " , " princeps posterior " , " princeps prior " , " pilus posterior " and " pilus prior " ( most senior ) . This followed the order of seniority in the earlier legions , where the youngest and least experienced units were termed " hastati " , next " principes " , and the oldest and most experienced " triarii " ( " pilus " was an alternative name for " triarius " , the singular of " triarii " ) . During the 1st century AD , the command structure and make - up of the legions was formally laid down , in a form that would endure for centuries . The first cohort was now made up of five double - strength centuries totalling 800 men , the centurion of its 1st century automatically being the most senior in the legion . This century was known as the " primus pilus " ( first file ) , and its centurion was known as the " primus pilus " ( first file ) or " primipilus " . The legion at this time numbered about 5 , 400 men , including officers , engineers and usually a small unit of cavalry ( " equites " ; 120 men and horses ) . Types of cohort . Auxiliary cohorts could be " quinquagenaria " ( nominally 500 strong ) or " milliaria " ( 1000 strong ) . Other Roman cohorts . Some paramilitary corps in Rome consisted of one or more cohorts , though none were part of a legion : Furthermore , the Latin word " cohors " was used in a looser way to describe a rather large " company " of people ( see , for instance , " cohors amicorum " ) .
Sacking of Osceola The Sacking of Osceola was a Union Jayhawker initiative on September 23 , 1861 , to push out pro - Southern elements at Osceola , Missouri . It was not authorized by Union military authorities but was the work of an informal group of Kansas pro - Union " Jayhawkers " . The town of 3 , 000 people was plundered and burned to the ground , and nine local citizens were executed . Background . Following Sterling Price ' s secessionist Missouri State Guard victory over General Nathaniel Lyon ' s Union army at the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek , Price began initiatives to " clean out " opposition in Kansas and retake the state of Missouri . James H . Lane , often called the leader of the Jayhawkers , organized 1 , 200 troops to resist the Price invasion into Kansas . Price defeated Lane in the Battle of Dry Wood Creek near Fort Scott , Kansas . Lane retreated and Price continued his offensive further into Missouri to the Siege of Lexington . While Price moved North , Lane launched an attack behind him . After crossing the Missouri border at Trading Post , Kansas on September 10 , Lane began an offensive moving East on Butler , Harrisonville , Osceola and Clinton , Missouri . Osceola . The climax of the campaign was on September 23 , 1861 , at Osceola , where Lane ' s forces drove off a small Southern force and then looted and burned the town . An artillery battery under Capt . Thomas Moonlight shelled the St . Clair County courthouse . According to reports , many of the Kansans got so drunk that when it came time to leave they were unable to march and had to ride in wagons and carriages . They carried off with them a tremendous load of plunder , including as Lane ' s personal share a piano and a quantity of silk dresses . Hundreds of slaves followed Lane to Kansas and freedom . The troops moved Northwest and arrived at Kansas City , Missouri , on September 29 , to pursue Price as he retreated south through the state . Osceola was plundered with Lane ' s men taking 350 horses and 200 slaves , 400 cattle , 3 , 000 bags of flour , and quantities of supplies from all the town shops and stores as well as carriages and wagons . Nine local men were rounded up , given a quick drumhead court - martial trial , and executed . All but three of the town ' s 800 buildings burned ; the town never fully recovered . Aftermath . Lane ' s raid stirred hatred that would contribute to Quantrill ' s raid on Lawrence , Kansas , leading in turn to the depopulation of four counties of western Missouri under General Order No . 11 .
AAI RQ - 2 Pioneer The RQ - 2 Pioneer is an unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) that had been utilized by the United States Navy , Marine Corps , and Army , deployed at sea and on land from 1986 until 2007 . Initially placed aboard s to provide gunnery spotting , its mission evolved into reconnaissance and surveillance , primarily for amphibious forces . It was developed jointly by AAI Corporation and Israel Aircraft Industries . The program grew out of successful testing and field operation of the Tadiran Mastiff UAV by the American and Israeli militaries . Essentially , the Pioneer is an upgraded Tadiran Mastiff which was re - engined to accommodate a greater payload by request of the US Navy . To accomplish this , the original " Limbach " two - cylinder two - stroke engine was replaced with a Fichtel & Sachs two - cylinder two - stroke . The Limbach motor utilized a 28 inch propeller from Propeller Engineering and Duplicating , Inc . of San Clemente , California . The newer , more powerful Fichtel & Sachs motor was outfitted with a 29 inch propeller ( which spins in the opposite direction ) from the Sensenich Propeller Manufacturing Company of Lancaster , Pennsylvania . Operation . Launched by rocket assist ( shipboard ) , by catapult , or from a runway , the Pioneer recovers into a net ( shipboard ) or with arresting gear after flying up to 5 hours with a payload . It flies day or night missions with a gimbal ed EO / IR sensor , relaying analog video in real time via a C - band line - of - sight ( LOS ) data link . Since 1991 , Pioneer has flown reconnaissance missions during the Persian Gulf , Somalia ( UNOSOM II ) , Bosnia , Kosovo and Iraq conflicts . In 2005 , the Navy operated two Pioneer systems ( one for training ) and the marines operated two , each with five or more aircraft . It is also operated by Israel and the Republic of Singapore Air Force . In 2007 Pioneer was retired by the US Navy and was replaced by the Shadow UAV . Internationally , Pioneer drones are perhaps most remembered for their role in the 1991 Gulf War , when a Pioneer launched by the observed Iraqi troops on Failaka Island surrendering shortly after s attack on their trenchlines . When navy officials offered to transfer a Pioneer to the Smithsonian Institution , curators at the National Air and Space Museum specifically asked for the UAV that Iraqi troops surrendered to during the Gulf War . The " R " is the Department of Defense designation for reconnaissance ; " Q " means unmanned aircraft system . The " 2 " refers to its being the second of a series of purpose - built unmanned reconnaissance aircraft systems . TERN . The concept of using fixed wing surveillance UAVs from surface combatants returned in 2013 with DARPA ' s TERN project .
6th Special Operations Squadron The 6th Special Operations Squadron ( 6 SOS ) is part of the 1st Special Operations Wing at Hurlburt Field , Florida . It is a combat aviation advisory unit . Mission . Assess , train , advise , and assist foreign aviation forces in airpower employment , sustainment and force integration . History . The 6th flew combat missions in the China - Burma - India Theater from , 17 October 1944 – 8 May 1945 . It again flew combat missions from 1 March 1968 to 15 November 1969 in Southeast Asia . The squadron went on to conduct replacement training for US and allied pilots in A - 37 Dragonfly aircraft from January 1970 – September 1974 . Since 1994 the squadron has sent advisers to help US - allied forces employ and sustain their own airpower resources and , when necessary , integrate those resources into joint and multi - national operations . Operations . World War II Vietnam War
Sigurd the Stout Sigurd Hlodvisson ( circa 960 – 23 April 1014 ) , popularly known as Sigurd the Stout , was Earl of Orkney . The main source for his life is the " Orkneyinga Saga " , written some two centuries after his death . The " Orkneyinga Saga " reports that Sigurd was the son of Hlodvir , one of the five sons of Thorfinn Skull - Splitter , and Eithne , said to be a daughter of Cerball mac Dúnlainge ( Kjarvalr Írakonungr ) , King of Osraige , who died in 888 . Hlodvir died in his bed and was succeeded as Earl by Sigurd . Sigurd ' s uncle Ljot had been killed in war against the Scots , and Sigurd soon faced trouble from his southern neighbours . An " Earl Finnleik " ( Findláech of Moray ) led an army against him which outnumbered Sigurd ' s men by seven to one . The " Saga " famously records Sigurd ' s mother ' s reply when he went to her for advice : I would long have fostered thee in my wool - basket , if I had known that thou wouldst live for ever , and fortune decides as to a man ' s life , and not circumstances . It is better to die with honour than to live with dishonour . Receive a standard which I have made with my whole knowledge , and I expect it will be victorious to him before whom it is carried , but the bane of him who bears it . The Raven banner worked as just Sigurd ' s mother said : he was victorious but the standard - bearer was killed . The Northern Isles were Christianised by Olav Tryggvasson in 995 when he stopped at South Walls on his way from Ireland to Norway . The King summoned " jarl " Sigurd and said " I order you and all your subjects to be baptised . If you refuse , I ' ll have you killed on the spot and I swear I will ravage every island with fire and steel . " Unsurprisingly , Sigurd agreed and the islands became Christian at a stroke . According to the 13th century " Njal ' s Saga " , Gormflaith prompted her son , Sigtrygg Silkbeard , into getting Sigurd to fight against her former husband , Brian Ború : As well as Njál ' s Saga , the 12th - century Irish source , the " Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh " , records the events of the Battle of Clontarf in 1014 . The " foreigners and Leinstermen " were led by Brodir of the Isle of Man and Sigurd , and the battle lasted all day . Though Brian was killed in the battle , the Irishmen ultimately drove back their enemies into the sea , and Sigurd himself was killed , apparently whilst holding a Raven banner . Sigurd left four sons : Brusi , Sumarlidi , Einar and Thorfinn , each of whom would also bear the title " Earl of Orkney " .
91st Security Forces Group The 91st Security Forces Group is a unit of the 91st Missile Wing based at Minot Air Force Base , North Dakota . The 91st SFG consists of the 91st Missile Security Forces Squadron , the 791st Missile Security Forces Squadron , and the 91st Security Support Squadron . As of 18 December 2008 , the 91st SFG includes the 219th Security Forces Squadron of the North Dakota Air National Guard . When fully manned , the 219 SFS will be the largest Air Guard Security Forces Squadron . These units are the largest military police contingent at Minot Air Force Base , being primarily responsible for maintaining the security of the Minuteman III missile silo s in the surrounding area . The 91st Missile Security Forces Squadron is non - deployable .
William Sidney Shacklette William Sidney Shacklette ( May 18 , 1880 - February 12 , 1945 ) was a hospital steward serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Shacklette was born May 18 , 1880 in Delaplane , Virginia and when he was twenty - two years old he joined the United States Navy . He enlisted for four years as a Hospital Apprentice First Class at the U . S . Naval Rendezvous at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington , D . C . . He served on two other ships before being transferred to the gunboat . He was stationed aboard the as a hospital steward when on July 21 , 1905 one of the ’ s boilers exploded while it was in San Diego , California . Although he suffered severe third degree burns over much of his body in the explosion he assisted other wounded as much as he could and was credited with saving the lives of many of his fellow sailors . For his actions received the Medal January 5 , 1906 . Due to his injuries he was honorably discharged from the Navy from the sailors quarters at the Washington Navy Yard October 23 , 1906 . After recovering from his wounds he completed seminary school and returned to active duty in the United States Army during World War I as a chaplain . He remained on active duty through the war and once it was over continued as a minister which eventually led to his nomination to be the Chaplain of the United States Senate . He died February 12 , 1945 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery Arlington , Virginia seven days later on February 19 , 1945 . His grave can be found in section 10 , lot 10688 . Honors . Shacklette Hall , a barracks located at Portsmouth Naval Medical Center was named for him on June 13 , 1996 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Hospital Steward , U . S . Navy . Born : 17 May 1880 , Delaplane , Va . Accredited to : Virginia . G . O . No . : 13 , 5 January 1906 . Citation : For extraordinary heroism while serving on the U . S . S . Bennington at the time of the explosion of a boiler of that vessel at San Diego , Calif . , 21 July 1905 .
5th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry The 5th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 5th Iowa Cavalry was originally raised as the Curtis Horse in Omaha , Nebraska , on September 5 , 1861 , and later absorbed cavalry companies from Iowa , Missouri and Minnesota and then transferred to Iowa state service per an order of December 20 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out of Federal service on August 11 , 1865 at Nashville , Tennessee . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1625 men served in the 5th Iowa at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 7 officers and 58 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 2 officers and 179 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 246 fatalities .
Charles E . Hart Charles Edward Hart ( June 17 , 1900 – December 9 , 1991 ) born in Fort Washington , Maryland was a Commanding General of the V Corps ( 1954 – 1956 ) and Commanding General of the Army Air Defense Command ( 1957 – 1960 ) . He died at Fort Belvoir , Virginia at the age of 91 .
Georg Wenzelburger Georg " Schorsch " Wenzelburger ( 22 December 1910 – 18 January 2000 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold one of only 631 awards .
Ardent - class ship of the line The " Ardent " - class ships of the line were a class of seven 64 - gun third rate s , designed for the Royal Navy by Sir Thomas Slade . Design . Slade based the design of the " Ardent " - class on the captured French ship .