naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German submarine U - 147 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 147 " was a Type IID U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 10 April 1940 at Deutsche Werke in Kiel as ' werk ' 276 , launched on 16 November 1940 and commissioned on 11 December under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Reinhard Hardegen . Operational career . 1st patrol . " U - 147 " s first patrol was preceded by a short trip from Kiel to Bergen in Norway in February 1941 . She then left the Nordic port on 22 February and headed for the Atlantic north and west of Scotland . She sank the Norwegian freighter " Augvald " a straggler from convoy HX - 109 , about north northwest of Ness ( in the Outer Hebrides on 2 March . Following this patrol Hardegen took command of and was succeeded by his first watch officer , Eberhard Wetjen . She arrived back in Kiel on 12 March . 2nd patrol . The boat ' s second foray was similar to her first , except it started from Kiel . She sank another Norwegian ship , the " Rimfakse " , about northwest of Scotland on 27 April 1941 . She sank no other ships and put in to Bergen on 11 May . 3rd patrol and loss . " U - 147 " s third and final patrol began on 24 May 1941 . A week later , she torpedoed the British freighter " Gravelines " northwest of the Bloody Foreland ( western Ireland ) , which broke in two and was declared a total loss ; the forward part of the ship was towed to the Clyde and scrapped . On 2 June " U - 147 " encountered convoy OB - 239 near the African coast and attacked alone ( a decision which historian Clay Blair described as " bold " ) . She damaged one ship , ( the " Mokambo " ) , before being sunk with all hands by a British destroyer , HMS " Wanderer " and a corvette , HMS " Periwinkle " .
HMS Defender ( D114 ) HMS " Defender " was a " Daring " - class destroyer of the Royal Navy . Built as yard number 609 at Alexander Stephen and Sons , and originally intended to be named " Dogstar " , she was launched on 27 July 1950 . After a career which saw her involved in the Korean War and conflicts in Malaya , Cyprus , Suez and Aden , she was listed for disposal in 1969 , and was used for target practice in the Forth . She was sold to James A White & Co Ltd , Inverkeithing , Fife for breaking in 1972 . Career . In 1953 " Defender " took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . She had commissioned for the Far East during 1953 and 1954 and operated with US Navy in Japanese waters during October 1953 , taking part in the Korean War . In 1954 she located the wreck of HMS " Prince of Wales " in position . Taking part in the Malay Emergency , " Defender " carried out a coastal bombardment on the Johor coast , following which she steamed up the Johor River for nine miles ( 14 km ) , reminding any hostile watchers of the Royal Navy presence . At some time between 1955 and 1958 she took part in operations against the terrorist organisation EOKA in Cyprus . On 19 July 1956 she brought Faisal II of Iraq across the Channel to Dover for a 3 - day state visit to the UK . Later the same year she served as escort to the Royal Yacht at Stockholm and Copenhagen and around the Baltic Sea . The ship was diverted to the Mediterranean and proceeded to Suez , where she took part in the hostilities . In 1958 she conducted her first refit , losing her after torpedo tubes in the process and by July 1959 she was back in the Mediterranean - Able Seaman James Simpson of " Defender " is buried at Kalkara Naval Cemetery in Malta . From 1963 to 1965 she was refitted for the second and last time , losing the forward torpedo tubes and gaining the Type 903 fire - control radar . In 1966 she was deployed to St Vincent in the Caribbean as a precaution during a period of anticipated political unrest . The next year she was east of Suez again , providing anti - submarine cover for the task force withdrawal from Aden , and then remaining in the Far East until 1969 . That year she was listed for disposal and she spent her last days in the Firth of Forth as a target ship before being sold for breaking .
Stalag V - A Stalag V - A was a German World War II prisoner - of - war camp ( " Stammlager " ) located on the southern outskirts of Ludwigsburg , Germany . Operation . The prison camp had been constructed on the site of a former German military camp , that had once billeted German cavalry troops and their horses . The red brick stables were converted to barracks to house prisoners when the site was converted to a POW camp in October 1939 . Additional wooden barrack huts were also constructed on the grounds , to accommodate the camp ' s growing prisoner population . The roofs of the buildings within the camp were marked " KG " for " Kriegsgefangenen " , the German word meaning " prisoner of war " . Large red crosses were also painted on the roofs , to further ensure that Allied planes would not mistakenly target the camp . The sprawling prison complex was divided into compounds . The perimeter of the each compound was secured by a double barbed - wire fence , fifteen feet in height , on top of which ran a high - voltage wire . The space between the two fences was a tangled mass of barbed - wire . On the prisoners ' side of the fence , a wire ran parallel with the fence , staked to the ground approximately ten feet from the fence , six to eight inches above the ground . Any man who stepped between the wire and the fence was shot on sight . Every so many yards along the fence was a guard tower , fully armed and manned . The first prisoners detained at the camp had been Poles , taken captive during the German invasion of Poland in 1939 . As the war progressed , prisoners of other nationalities arrived at Stalag V - A . By the time of the camp ' s evacuation in April 1945 , Allied prisoners of every nation at war with Germany were present within the camp . The largest population present within the camp was Soviet , followed by the French , Belgian , Dutch , British and Commonwealth , Italian , and American prisoners were also present in large numbers . Escapes . There were several attempts to escape , primarily from " Arbeitskommandos " . One such escape attempt was by the Dutch prisoner Arie Verouden in October 1943 . He was recaptured in December and sentenced to two years solitary confinement . Aftermath . After the end of the war thousands of Displaced Person s , mostly Poles were housed here , but were quickly transferred to permanent buildings of German Army barracks around the city .
Siege of Aintab The siege of Aintab or siege of Antep ( Turkish : Antep Savunması = " Defence of Antep " ) was a military engagement between the Turkish National Forces and the French Colonial Forces , that occupied the city of Aintab ( present day : Gaziantep ) . Fighting began in April 1920 , when French forces opened fire on city . Fighting continued until February 1921 .
Alvin Evans Alvin Evans ( October 4 , 1845 – June 19 , 1906 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Alvin Evans was born in Ebensburg , Pennsylvania . He attended the public schools and the Iron City Business College in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He was engaged in lumbering . During the American Civil War , he served in a volunteer company organized to repel the expected invasion of Pennsylvania by the Confederates . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1873 and commenced practice in Ebensburg . He later practiced in the superior and supreme courts of the State and in the Federal courts . He served one term as burgess of Ebensburg Borough . He worked as solicitor for the Pennsylvania Railroad in Cambria County , Pennsylvania for several years . He was one of the incorporators and president of the board of directors of the First National Bank of Ebensburg . For a number of years he served on the school board and in the common council of his native town . Evans was elected as a Republican to the Fifty - seventh and Fifty - eighth Congresses . He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1904 . He resumed the practice of his profession and died in Ebensburg . Interment in Lloyd Cemetery .
T & G Building , Brisbane The T & G Building building stands on the corner of Queen Street and Albert Street in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia . The original building stood from 1923 to 1966 . It was taken over by Lieutenant Robert Melloy of the Hirings Section , No . 1 Lines of Communication ( No . 1 L of C ) , Australian Army , and was occupied from 20 February 1943 to 31 December 1944 . The tenants of the building resisted the occupation , led by a Doctor Streeter , and they formed a committee to submit a protest to the Federal Government . Lt . Melloy agreed to help them submit their protest , on the condition that they vacate the premises immediately a decision was made . Two hours after submitting their protest , Lt . Melloy received orders to proceed with the military occupation of the building . Upon being advised by Lt . Melloy of the outcome , Dr . Streeter was one of the first to leave the building . The building was used as the Headquarters for the US Army Forces in the Far East . Today the building houses a variety of businesses , including a doctors ' surgery , and a hairdressing salon . Other businesses include a watch repairer and taxation accountant .
21st U - boat Flotilla 21st U - boat Flotilla ( " 21 . Unterseebootsflottille " ) was a unit of the German " Kriegsmarine " before and during World War II . It was formed in 1935 as a " Schulverband " ( " School Unit " ) based at Kiel under the command of " Kapitän zur See " Kurt Slevogt ( " Chef des Schulverbandes " ) . In May 1937 the unit moved to Neustadt and was redesignated as the " Unterseebootsschulflottille " , ( " U - boat School Flotilla " ) , commanded by " Kapitänleutnant " Heinz Beduhn . In June 1940 it was redesignated " 21 . Unterseebootsflottille " , and in July 1941 the flotilla moved bases to Pillau . The flotilla was disbanded in March 1945 . Assigned U - boats . Fifty - one U - boats were assigned to this flotilla during its service .
IAR 37 The IAR 37 was a 1930s Romania n reconnaissance or light bomber aircraft built by Industria Aeronautică Română . Development . The IAR 37 prototype was flown for the first time in 1937 to meet a requirement for a tactical bombing and reconnaissance aircraft . The IAR 37 was an unequal - span single bay biplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear and powered by a licensed copy of the Gnome - Rhône Mistral Major radial engine called the IAR K14 - II C32 with 870 HP . It had room for a crew of three under a continuous glazed cockpit , pilot at the front then observer and a gunner at the rear . It had dual controls and was fitted with a locally designed bombsight and a camera . The IAR 37 entered production in 1938 , but production of the engine lagged , preventing the aircraft from being completed , and it was replaced on the production line by the IAR 38 , powered by the reliable BMW 132 engine . As availability and reliability of the K . 14 engine improved , the incomplete IAR 37s were fitted with IAR K . 14 - III C36 with 930 HP to allow their completion and production was switched to the improved IAR 39 , which also used the IAR K . 14 - IV C32 with 960HP . Total production of all three types was 380 , at both IAR and SET , continuing until October 1944 with the majority being IAR 39s . Operational history . The aircraft entered service with the Royal Romanian Air Force in 1938 and , by the end of the 1940 , they equipped a large number of squadrons . When Romania supported the German offensive against the Soviet Union 15 of the 18 reconnaissance squadrons were equipped with IAR biplanes . The IAR 39 was used by most of the reconnaissance squadrons involved in the 1944 offensive against the Soviet Union . When the new post - war government was formed in 1947 , a smaller number of IAR 39s were used by the new Romanian Air Force for training and liaison .
Type 4 Ha - To The was a self - propelled gun developed by the Imperial Japanese Army for use in World War II History and design . The Type 4 Ha - To was conceived as a mobile fire support platform in late 1943 , making use of the already existing Type 3 300 mm heavy mortar on a chassis based an extensively modified Type 4 Chi - To medium tank . The mortar had a range of 3 , 000 m ( 1 . 9 mi ) and launched a 170 kg ( 374 lb ) projectile . The gun itself weighed close to 1 . 5 tons , and to keep the center of gravity from shifting and tipping the vehicle over , it could not be elevated more than 50 degrees . The first prototype was completed in late 1944 and taken to the Imperial Japanese Army Academy for testing . Although testing indicated that it would be an effective weapon , it was expensive to produce , and the Japanese Army Technical Bureau shifted its attention to self - propelled multiple rocket launcher s instead . An additional three units were produced before the surrender of Japan , but none were used in combat .
Frank William Baxter Frank William Baxter VC ( 29 December 1869 – 22 April 1896 ) was a Rhodesian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Born on 29 December 1869 in Woolwich , London , Baxter was 26 years old , and a trooper in the Bulawayo Field Force during the Matabeleland Rebellion , when , on 22 April 1896 ( Matabeleland Rebellion ) , near Umguza , Mashonaland , Rhodesia ( now Zimbabwe ) , Baxter gave up his horse to a wounded comrade who was lagging behind , with an enemy force in hot pursuit . Baxter then tried to escape on foot , hanging on to the stirrup of another mounted scout of the Bulawayo Field Force , until he was hit in the side by enemy fire . He let go of the stirrup and died moments later . Baxter is buried at Bulawayo Town Cemetery , Bulawayo , Zimbabwe . The Medal . Baxter ' s medal is on display in the Lord Ashcroft VC collection in the Imperial War Museum in Chelsea , London .
USS Lucidor ( AF - 45 ) USS " Lucidor " ( AF - 45 ) was an " Adria " - class stores ship acquired by the U . S . Navy for service in World War II . Her task was to carry stores , refrigerated items , and equipment to ships in the fleet , and to remote stations and staging areas . " Lucidor " was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract by Pennsylvania Shipyards , Inc . , Beaumont , Texas , 1 December 1944 ; launched 25 January 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . J . Y . Powell , acquired by the Navy 16 June 1945 ; and commissioned 6 July 1945 at Galveston , Texas , Lt . E . L . LaVoy in command . LTJG Charles E . Ahl Jr . - Navigator , LT F . Dixon World War II service . After shakedown , " Lucidor " loaded cargo at Mobile , Alabama , and steamed for Pearl Harbor , arriving there 1 September . Loaded with fleet provisions , the storeship sailed for the Marshall Islands , arriving Eniwetok 26 September . Post - war activity . From October 1945 to April 1946 " Lucidor " made supply runs to bases scattered throughout the western and central Pacific Ocean . She also operated in the Far East , transporting dry and refrigerated cargo to Japan and Tsingtao , China . Crew toured Hiroshima in November 1945 . Post - war decommissioning . " Lucidor " returned San Francisco , California , 10 May 1946 and decommissioned there on the 26th . She was returned to War Shipping Administration the same day and entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet and berthed in Puget Sound at Olympia , Washington . She was struck from the Naval Register ( date unknown ) and sold for commercial service by the Maritime Administration in 1967 to Alaska Steamship Co . , Seattle , Washington , and renamed " Polar Pioneer " . She was : Military awards and honors . " Lucidor ’ s " crew was eligible for the following medals :
Battle of Corrick ' s Ford The Battle of Corrick ' s Ford took place on July 13 , 1861 , on the Cheat River in western Virginia ( now the state of West Virginia ) as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War . By later standards the battle was a minor skirmish . Often considered a final part of the Battle of Rich Mountain , it was the end of a series of battles between the forces of Union Maj . Gen . George B . McClellan and Confederate Brig . Gen . Robert S . Garnett . McCellan had defeated part of Garnett ' s force on July 11 , 1861 , at the Battle of Rich Mountain . On hearing of the defeat , Garnett fell back toward Virginia with approximately 4 , 500 men around midnight that night . He began to march towards Beverly , but received false information that McClellan ' s men occupied the town . The Confederates backtracked , abandoned the Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike at Leadsville , and crossed Cheat Mountain into the Cheat River Valley . Union Brig . Gen . Thomas A . Morris pursued them with his Indiana brigade . Around noon on July 13 , Morris overtook Garnett ' s rear guard at Corrick ' s Ford on the Cheat River , and attacked the retreating Confederates . Garnett personally directed the rear guard of the Confederate skirmishers in order to delay the Union attack . He soon withdrew to another ford a mile or two farther away . The running skirmish resumed and as Garnett again prepared to retreat , a Union volley killed him instantly . The Confederates fled , abandoning their dead commander , one cannon , and nearly 40 wagons . A friend in the Union Army recovered Garnett ' s body after the battle . He was the first general officer killed in the Civil War . Control of western Virginia was now firmly in Union hands and it stayed that way for the rest of the war . The campaign propelled Maj . Gen . George B . McClellan to command of the Army of the Potomac .
Alan Jerrard Flight Lieutenant Alan Jerrard VC ( 3 December 1897 – 14 May 1968 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 20 years old , and a lieutenant in No . 66 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War when he performed an act of bravery for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . Background . Jerrard was born in Lewisham in 1897 and moved in 1902 with his family to Sutton Coldfield where his father was headmaster of Bishop Vesey ' s Grammar School for 24 years . Involvement in World War 1 . Jerrard volunteered for the British Army and served with the 5th South Staffordshire Regiment before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916 where he trained as a fighter pilot . From mid - 1917 , he served in No . 19 Squadron RFC in France , but he was injured in an air crash on 5 August 1917 , flying a SPAD VII . From 22 February 1918 , he served in No . 66 Squadron RFC in Italy , as a Lieutenant , flying Sopwith Camel s . Between 27 February and 21 March he scored four aerial victories , including one balloon . Military decoration . He was awarded the VC for the following deed : On 30 March 1918 near Mansuè , Italy , Lieutenant Jerrard , with two other officers , Peter Carpenter and Harold Eycott - Martin , on offensive patrol , shot down one of five enemy aircraft . Then flying at 50 ft . he attacked an aerodrome with some 19 machines either landing or attempting to take off . After destroying one of these he was attacked by more enemy aircraft but , seeing a brother - officer in difficulties , went to assist him , destroying a third enemy machine , then continued his attacks , only retreating , with five machines in pursuit , on the orders of the patrol leader . Even then , he repeatedly turned to beat off the enemy until finally forced down . After the war records revealed that the Camel ' s opponents were four Austrian Albatros D . III ( Oef ) fighters , one of which was damaged and had to land , while another pilot was injured by a bullet . Jerrard was shot down by the ace Benno Fiala von Fernbrugg from Flik 51 / J , and became a prisoner of war . Although the RFC credited Jerrard with 3 claims on this date , Jerrard himself did not claim to destroy any planes in that skirmish , only that he claimed to shoot one up . He was the only Camel pilot to be awarded a VC . He remained a prisoner until the end of 1918 , when he managed to escape and reach Allied lines . He later served in Russia in 1919 and achieved the rank of Flight Lieutenant . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Air Force Museum , Hendon , London .
Gustáv Wendrinský Gustáv Wendrinský ( 24 January 1923 , Bratislava , Slovakia - 11 to 13 February 1945 , Csobanka , Hungary ) was a Slovak SS - Oberscharführer . He joined the Waffen SS as early as 1940 . He destroyed 41 soviet tank s , which was the maximum number of tank demolitions with one antitank gun during World War II . Two of them he destroyed in close combat with Panzerfaust . Wendrinský was KIA 20 km away from Budapest , during the attempt of German and Hungarian soldiers to escape from Red Army encirclement .
Archibald Cochrane ( politician ) Captain Sir Archibald Douglas Cochrane , GCMG , KCSI , DSO ( 8 January 1885 – 16 April 1958 ) was a Scottish politician and naval officer . The second son of Thomas Cochrane , 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults , he served with the Royal Navy from 1901 . During World War I he was mentioned in despatches three times , and awarded the Distinguished Service Order and bar . He was Unionist Member of Parliament ( MP ) for East Fife from 1924 until he lost the seat at the 1929 General Election . He then sat for Dunbartonshire from a 1932 by - election until 1936 . He was Governor of Burma from 1936 until 1941 . He was also a director of Standard Life . In 1926 he married Julia Dorothy , daughter of Fiennes Cornwallis , 1st Baron Cornwallis . The couple had one son and one daughter . He was awarded the KCSI in 1936 and the GCMG in 1937 .
USS Action ( PG - 86 ) USS " Action " ( PG - 86 ) was the lead ship of the " Action " - class patrol boat s acquired by the United States Navy for the task of patrolling American coastal waters during World War II . She is the only ship to bear this name Construction . Action ( PG - 86 ) was laid down as CN - 304 on 6 , January 1942 by the Collingwood Shipyards Ltd . , Collingwood , Canada ; launched on 28 July 1942 ; named Action on 13 August 1942 ; accepted by the Navy on 21 November 1942 ; and commissioned on 22 November 1942 , Lt . Kendall Read in command . World War II . After she had been fitted out at Boston , Action reported to the Commander , Eastern Sea Frontier , on 23 February 1943 . She then assumed escort and patrol duty . Throughout the rest of 1943 , all of 1944 , and the first half o ' f 1945 , Action escorted convoys between New York and Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . Her next assignment was to patrol the waters in the vicinity of New York and the Narragansett Bay area . Post - war decommissioning . Following the surrender of Germany , Action arrived at the Charleston Navy Yard on 28 June 1945 ; was decommissioned there on 6 September ; and she was stricken from the Navy list on 17 September . In October 1946 , Action was transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal .
Per Holm Per Holm ( 10 January 1899 – 8 September 1974 ) was a Norwegian football player for the club Sarpsborg FK , and military officer . He was born in Sarpsborg . He played with the Norwegian national team at the Antwerp Olympics in 1920 , where the Norwegian team reached the quarter finals . He was capped 17 times for Norway , scoring one goal . During World War II , he was held as a prisoner - of - war in Schokken , Grune bei Lissa and Ostrzeszów in Nazi German occupied Poland , from 1942 until the war ended . He died in Tune in 1974 .
Battle of St . Matthew ' s Day The Battle of Matthew ' s Day ( ) was fought near Viljandi ( probably in Vanamõisa ) on September 21 , 1217 during the Livonian Crusade . The adversaries were the German crusading order the Sword Brethren with their recently converted Livonian and Latgalian allies and an army of 6000 Estonian men from different counties , led by Lembitu , who had attempted to unify the Estonians . The Germans won , Lembitu and Caupo of Turaida ( converted Livonian chieftain , fought on the order ' s side ) were killed . Also many others were forced to convert .