naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2A42 Cobra The 2A42 Cobra is an overhead mount modular one - man turret designed by the ZTS Dubnica nad Váhom design bureau . It is specially designed to fit many different types of tracked and wheeled IFVs and APCs such as the BMP - 1 , BMD - 1 , BTR - 70 , BTR - 80 and the OT - 64 SKOT . Description . The turret weights 1 . 05 tonnes without the equipment . The equipment provided for the turret meets modern combat requirements for protection of both the crew and the transported troops . It also allows accurate fire in all weather conditions , both by day and at night and while the vehicle is on the move . The turret is able to successfully operate in temperatures ranging from – 30°C up to + 50°C . The turret can turn through 360° while the main gun and coaxial machine gun can be elevated or depressed between – 4° and + 50° . The weapons with which the turret is armed are externally mounted . The interior of the turret provides complete electrical equipment for operating the weapons , ammunition magazines and a seat for the gunner . Controlling the weapons and moving the turret is accomplished by means of drive units with a manual duplicity if the electric system were to fail . Armament consists of the 30 mm 2A42 multi - purpose autocannon and the 7 . 62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun with a 2 - plane stabilization system . The weapons are controlled through the gunner ' s control panel . It is possible to integrate the anti - tank guided missile ( ATGM ) , or antiaircraft guided missile ( AAGM ) , depending on the customer ' s requirements . The turret is equipped with the modernized BPK - 2 - 42 periscopic sight with a swing of the mirror from – 5° up to + 60° . The sighting system is equipped with a night vision device . The turret control system enables the crew to check the function of individual systems , aim at a target by day and at night , control drive units of both traverse of the turret and elevation of the main gun , stabilize the position of the turret and the main gun , control mounted weapons and control elevation / traverse drives and weapons through emergency manual mode if the electrical system was to fail . The turret is equipped with turret fiber - glass linings , internal overpressure and a filtro - ventilation unit as a means of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons ( NBC ) protection . The armor plating provides protection against bullets up to 14 . 5 mm caliber within the frontal arc and against bullets up to 7 . 62 mm caliber fired at any point on the turret . The turret is also equipped with six 81 mm 902V " Tucha " smoke grenade launchers fitted to both sides of the turret providing the vehicle with the ability to lay its own smoke screen .
Heinkel He 519 The Heinkel He 519 was a high speed German single - seater bomber designed in 1944 by Heinkel . Based on the Heinkel He 119 , a private venture by Heinkel to test radical ideas by the Günter brothers , the He 519 was designed to use the 24 - cylinder Daimler - Benz DB 613 , but the aircraft remained a concept and was abandoned at the end of the war .
Sword of Attila The Sword of Attila , also called the Sword of Mars or Sword of God ( Hungarian : " Isten kardja " ) was the legendary weapon carried by Attila the Hun . The Roman historian Jordanes , quoting the work of the historian Priscus , gave the story of its origin : " " When a certain shepherd beheld one heifer of his flock limping and could find no cause for this wound , he anxiously followed the trail of blood and at length came to a sword it had unwittingly trampled while nibbling the grass . He dug it up and took it straight to Attila . He rejoiced at this gift and , being ambitious , thought he had been appointed ruler of the whole world , and that through the sword of Mars supremacy in all wars was assured to him . " " The use of " Mars " here is due to the " interpretatio romana " of Priscus , however , as the Huns would not have adopted the names of Roman deities ; the more likely name used by the Huns would have been the more generic " sword of the war god ; " Hungarian legends refer to it simply as " az Isten kardja , " the sword of God . Priscus ' s description is also notable for describing how Attila used it as both a military weapon and a symbol of divine favor , which may have contributed to his reputation as " the Scourge of God , " a divinely - appointed punisher . As historian Edward Gibbon elaborated , " the vigour with which Attila wielded the sword of Mars , convinced the world that it had been reserved alone for his invincible arm . " In this way it became somewhat of a sceptre as well , representing Attila ' s right to rulership . In the eleventh century , some five hundred years after the death of Attila , a sword claimed to have belonged to him surfaced , according to Lambert of Hersfeld , who attributed its provenance to the recently - established Árpád kings of Hungary , who appropriated the cult of Attila and linked a claimed descent from him with their right to rule . The occasion was the unfortunate death of Leopold de Merspurg , a counsellor to the king , who fell from his horse and was impaled upon his own sword . The sword ' s history given by Johann Pistorius , was that it had been given by the queen - mother of King Salomon to Otho , Duke of Bavaria , who had urged the emperor to reinstate Salomon ' s possessions . Otho had given it to Dedus , younger son of the margrave Dedus , after whose death it had come to the king , who had given it to Leopold , whose death — it was asserted by partisans of his rival Otho — had been a divine judgment . There is no evidence to substantiate these medieval claims of its origin with Attila ; the sword , in the Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna , as part of the Habsburg " Schatzkammer " in fact appears to be the work of ninth or tenth century Hungarian goldsmiths . The real historical events of the discovery of this sword will probably remain unknown . More information about the origin of the sword is a legend about a locality of finding , see Miholjanec # Legend , because before this legend had been regarded , this sword was known as the sword of Charlemagne known as " Joyeuse " .
John Smith ( private ) Private John Smith VC was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born in London 1822 and enlisted in the 1st Madras European Fusiliers in 1841 . He was awarded the Victoria Cross for action on 16 November 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow . His citation read : Smith was discharged on pension in 1861 and died on 6 May 1866 at Tanjore , India .
Chester Victor Clifton , Jr . Chester Victor Clifton , Jr . ( September 24 , 1913 – December 23 , 1991 ) was a Major General in the United States Army and an aide to Presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Biography . Clifton was born in Edmonton , Alberta before moving to the United States and settling in Puyallup , Washington . He attended the University of Washington and graduated from the University of Wisconsin - Madison with a Masters Degree in Journalism . As a civilian he worked as a reporter for the Seattle Post - Intelligencer and the New York Herald Tribune and later worked in public relations and management . He co - authored the book " The Memories : J . F . K . , 1961 - 1963 " with Cecil W . Stoughton and was a public relations consultant in the development of the John F . Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts . Clifton died of pneumonia after an intestinal operation at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington , D . C . on December 23 , 1991 and was survived by his wife , Anne Bodine . He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Clifton graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1936 . During World War II Clifton served in the Field Artillery . Following the war he was assigned to Army Headquarters to work on public relations and later became an assistant to Omar Bradley . In 1956 , he became Chief of Information of the Army . Clifton joined the Kennedy Administration in 1961 as Senior Military Aide . In this position Clifton was responsible for Kennedy ' s daily intelligence briefings on world events . He was in the motorcade in Dallas , Texas on November 22 , 1963 when Kennedy was shot . Following the assassination , Clifton was in charge of dealing with military and national security affairs from the aftermath . He retained this position in the Johnson Administration until his retirement from the Army in 1965 . His awards include the Army Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Croix de guerre , and the Italian War Cross of Military Valor .
838th Bombardment Squadron The 838th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 487th Bombardment Group , stationed at Drew Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 7 November 1945 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron , assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Trained in Nebraska and New Mexico for overseas duty . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England in April 1944 . Engaged in long - range strategic bombardment of enemy targets in Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , attacking transportation , industrial , Oil Industry and other targets as directed . Also engaged in tactical bombardment of enemy forces in France in support of the Operation Overlord landings in Normandy , and the subsequent breakout at St - Lo in July 1944 . Changed equipment from B - 24 Liberators to B - 17 Flying Fortresses in July 1944 . Attacked enemy formations and armor during the Battle of the Bulge , January 1945 . Continued bombardment of strategic targets until the German Capitulation in May . Largely demobilized in England during the summer of 1945 ; small cadre of personnel reassembled at Drew Field , Florida in September as part of Third Air Force , Continental Air Forces . Japanese Capitulation and general demobilization of the AAF led to the squadron ' s inactivation in November .
HMS Terrible ( 1895 ) HMS " Terrible " was a ship of the " Powerful " - class of protected cruiser in the Royal Navy . Career . She was built by J . & G . Thomson on Clydebank and launched on 27 May 1895 . She served with her sister ship , HMS " Powerful " on the China Station and provided landing parties which fought in the relief of the Siege of Ladysmith in the Second Boer War . Crews from the two ships also took part in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China . After 1904 they were laid up as an economy measure . During World War I , they had most of their armament removed and served as troop transports and later accommodation ships . After the end of the war , " Terrible " was renamed " Fisgard III " in August 1920 and converted to a training ship . After twelve years of this , she was sold on July 1932 for breaking up . December 1898 sea trip , Portsmouth to Gibraltar , = average . Gibraltar to Malta , average .
Claus Korth Claus Korth ( 7 November 1911 – 24 January 1988 ) was a " Korvettenkapitän " with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and commander of U - 57 and U - 93 . He is also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Claus Korth is credited with the sinking of thirteen ships for a total of 54 , 584 tons of Allied merchant shipping , including the RMS " Durham Castle " by mine . He was one of 40 survivors of the " Niobe " sinking on 26 July 1932 .
German submarine U - 434 German submarine " U - 434 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The U - boat was laid down on 20 January 1940 at the Schichau - Werke yard , Danzig , launched on 15 March 1941 , and commissioned on 21 June 1941 , " Kapitänleutnant " Wolfgang Heyda commanding . " U - 434 " sailed from Kristiansand , Norway on 2 November 1941 , on her first and only war patrol . On 18 December , " U - 434 " was sunk in the North Atlantic north of Madeira , Portugal , in position 36 . 15N , 15 . 48W . The U - boat was forced to the surface by depth charges from the British escort destroyer and the destroyer . There were 2 dead and 42 survivors .
USS James H . Clark ( SP - 759 ) USS " James H . Clark " ( SP - 759 ) was a United States Navy tug in commission from 1917 to 1920 . " James H . Clark " was built as a commercial steam tug of the same name in 1900 at Buffalo , New York . On 19 July 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , the Tampa Towing & Lighterage Company of Tampa , Florida , for use during World War I . Assigned the section patrol number 759 , she was commissioned on 21 August 1917 as USS " James H . Clark " ( SP - 759 ) with Chief Boatswain ' s Mate O . Hind in command . Assigned to the 7th Naval District and based at Key West , Florida , " James H . Clark " performed towing and other miscellaneous duties in the habor at Key West and at Naval Station Key West until 1920 . " James H . Clark " was decommissioned on 6 April 1920 and was sold on 16 May 1921 to the A . C . Tuxbury Lumber Company of Charleston , South Carolina .
Glossary of German military terms This is a list of words , terms , concepts , and slogans that were have been or are used by the German military . Ranks and translations of nicknames for vehicles are included . Also included are some general terms from the German language found frequently in military jargon . Some terms are from the general German cultural background , others are given to show a change that was made before or after the Nazi era . Some factories that were the primary producers of military equipment , especially tank s , are also given . List of German military ranks . Approximate ranks relative to US ranks : For additional comparisons , see Comparative military ranks of World War II . List of military operations . The German term for " Operation " is " Unternehmen " , literally " undertaking " .
Escadrille 26 Escadrille 26 is a squadron of the French Air Force founded in 1914 and still active today . History . Escadrille 26 was founded on 26 August 1914 , at Arras . It was originally equipped with " Morane - Saulnier " aircraft , leading to its designation as " Escadrille MS26 " . It went into action attached to VI Armée of the French ground forces until 24 September 1914 ; it then switched bases to the Kingdom of Belgium . During 1915 , it re - armed with " Nieuport 11 s " , and became " Escadrille N26 " . In June 1916 , it moved to Cachy to join an improvised formation , " Groupe de Combat de la Somme " . This " groupe " initially consisted of three other units in addition to " Escadrille N26 " — " Escadrille N3 " , " Escadrille N103 " , and " Escadrille N73 " . Command of the " groupe " was granted to Capitaine Felix Brocard . On 1 November 1916 , the " groupe " was formalized as " Groupe de Combat 12 " , Brocard commanding . On 16 April 1917 , " GC 12 " switched from " VIII Armée " ' s theater of operations to that of X Armée and VII Armée ; they were then involved in the Second Battle of the Aisne . During July 1917 , the " escadrille " moved to Flanders to aid " 1er Armée " . On 11 December 1917 , it would return to " VII Armée " . As the year ended , the " escadrille " restocked with " SPAD s " , becoming " Escadrille Spa26 " . In January 1918 , " Spa26 " was posted to " IV Armée " . It moved to " VI Armée " in March , and " X Armée " in June . It began July 1918 with " V Armée " , and moved to " 1er Armée " on the 29th . On 18 September 1918 , the " escadrille " was posted back to IV Armée , and remained there until war ' s end . On 12 January 1919 , " Escadrille Spa26 " was cited by IV Armée for the destruction of 51 enemy aircraft and the disability of 70 more . " Escadrille Spa26 " is still current in today ' s French Air Force .
Max - Eckart Wolff Eduard Hans Martin Max - Eckart Wolff ( 19 December 1902 in Wernigerode – 9 November 1988 in Bremen ) was a Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross recipient during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Wolff as commander of destroyer Z2 " Georg Thiele " was credited with the destruction of the British destroyers HMS " Hardy " and HMS " Hunter " on 10 April 1940 . On 13 April 1940 he attacked and damaged HMS " Eskimo " .
Battle of Chelenqo The Battle of Chelenqo was an engagement fought on 6 January 1887 between the army of Shewa under Negus Menelik II and Emir ' Abd Allah II of Harar . The Harari forces were routed , and Negus Menelik afterwards occupied and annexed the city of Harar . Negus Menelik , in response to Italian control of parts of Eritrea and the port of Massawa , had begun to import firearms and munitions through the French - controlled ports of Djibouti . By 1886 , Emir ' Abd Allah of Harar had blocked transport of these arms through his territories . Menelik had desired control of the city of Harar for some time . The massacre of the Italian explorer Count Pietro Porro and his entire party in April 1886 , allegedly at the emir ' s command , gave the Negus an excuse to march on Harar . Although the army of Shewa was a veteran force with contemporary rifles , and numbered in the thousands , Negus Menelik sought to avoid war , and in January 1887 , offered ' Abd Allah the same kind of autonomy that king Abba Jifar of Jimma enjoyed ; the emir refused this offer . Knowing that he was heavily outnumbered , and his troops had only obsolete matchlock s and a few cannon s , Emir ' Abd Allah decided to attack on early in the morning of Ethiopian Christmas ( January 9 ) , expecting the Shewans to be unprepared and befuddled with food and alcohol . However , Negus Menelik had worried about a surprise attack , and kept his men at alert . The emir ' s men opened fire at 11 : 00 am . The Shewan soldiers quickly responded and routed the Harar infantry with few casualties . Menelik pursued the retreating emir to Harar , whose ancient walls would not long resist his assault . Once again ' Abd Allah refused to surrender , then fled into the desert , leaving his uncle to negotiate the city ' s surrender . With the occupation , the independence of Harar came to an end .
Ali Boumendjel Ali Boumendjel ( ) ( May 24 , 1919 – March 23 , 1957 ) was an Algerian militant and lawyer . Biography . Born in Relizane to an educated family , Boumendjel was educated at the Duveyrier college in Blida , where he met with other future heroes of the Algerian revolution , such as Abane Ramdane , Benyoucef Benkhedda and Saad Dahlab . He then oriented his career toward law , and became a journalist for the " Egalié " journal , controlled by the integrationists of Ferhat Abbas . During the revolution he became , with Jacques Verges , one of many lawers working for the Algerian nationalists . In 1955 , he joined the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) with his old friend Abane Ramdane , after Ramdane was released from prison . Ramdane advised Boumendjel to change his professional orientation , so he joined the litigation department of Shell corporation , while still continuing his militantism in the FLN . Boumendjel was arrested on February 9 , 1957 , and underwent over a month of torture at the hands of Paul Aussaresses and his men . On March 23 , he was thrown from the sixth floor of a building ; his death was passed off as a suicide . Forty - three years later , in 2000 , Aussaresses admitted that Boumendjel had been murdered .
SS Empire Peacemaker SS " Empire Peacemaker " was a British convoy rescue ship that served at the end of World War II , originally laid down as the corvette . Post - war she served as an Army transport ship before being scrapped in 1955 . Ship history . The ship was ordered from Fleming & Ferguson Ltd . of Paisley on 23 January 1943 as a . She was launched on 8 September 1944 as " Scarborough Castle " ( K536 ) , but further work was then cancelled , and she was eventually completed as a convoy rescue ship in January 1945 . Under the ownership of the Ministry of War Transport , and managed by the Ellerman City Line , she sailed on eight convoys between early February and the end of the war in Europe in May 1945 . During that time she rescued three survivors from an aircraft which had overrun the flight deck of the MAC ship . Post - war she was transferred to the Transport Branch of the Royal Army Service Corps for service as a troop transport . In October 1945 she sailed fron the Clyde to Arkhangelsk to repatriate a Royal Navy Shore Party . In January 1946 she made three voyages between Southampton and St . Helier , Jersey , carrying returning service personnel . In 1952 " Empire Peacemaker " , " Empire Shelter " and " Empire Lifeguard " provided a shuttle ferry service for Army personnel between Port Said , Egypt , and Famagusta , Cyprus , as well as making occasional troop movement voyages to Libya and Malta . " Empire Peacemaker " was finally laid up at Falmouth , Cornwall , in 1954 . In July 1955 she was sold to a Belgian shipbreaker and was towed to Antwerp , and was broken up by Jos de Smedt in Burght in December . Convoys . " Empire Peacemaker " sailed on the following convoys :
Yevgeny Berens Yevgeny Andreyevich Berens ( , occasionally tansliterated as Behrens ) ( , Tiflis – April 7 , 1928 , Moscow ) was a Russian military leader , Commander - in - Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from April 1919 to February 1920 . Berens graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1895 . He was navigating officer of the Russian cruiser " Varyag " and fought in the Battle of Chemulpo Bay when his ship was sunk . After being repatriated he served in the Baltic Fleet as executive officer of the Russian battleship Tsesarevich . From 1910 to 1917 he served as naval attache to the Netherlands , Germany , and Italy ( 1915 – 1917 ) . After the February Revolution , Berens returned to Russia and served on the Naval General Staff . After the October Revolution he joined the Red side and was head of the Naval Staff from 1917 to 1919 . In 1919 , he was appointed commander of the Soviet Navy on the death of Vasili Altfater . In 1920 , he was transferred to the diplomatic service and has head of the Soviet delegation at major conferences . He was military attache to Great Britain and France from 1924 . He died in Moscow in 1928 and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery . Berens ' brother , Mikhail Berens , was also a naval officer but joined the white side in the Russian Civil War and commanded Wrangel ' s fleet
William J . Kossler Award The Captain William J . Kossler , USCG Award is given by the American Helicopter Society ( AHS ) International for " the greatest achievement in practical application or operation of rotary wing aircraft , the value of which has been demonstrated by actual service during the preceding calendar year . " The award consists of one certificate for the selected individual or crew and honors the memory of William J . Kossler , a U . S . Coast Guard airman , aeronautical engineer and early advocate of helicopters in USCG operations . The annual award was first given in 1951 , to Col . Richard T . Knight , U . S . Air Force . Other individual recipients have included Don R . Berlin , James M . Gavin , Keith B . McCutcheon and Paul A . Yost , Jr . Group or crew recipients have included " USSR Military and Civilian Helicopter Pilots Flying Initial Operations at Site of Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster , April – May , 1986 " , " Army National Guard Aviation , Hurricanes Katrina and Rita ( 2006 ) " , " Australian Search and Rescue Helicopters / Sydney - Hobart Yacht Race ( 1999 ) " and " Canadian Air Force Flight Crew of Labrador 303 , 413 Squadron ( 1997 ) " .