naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William Henry Gilder William Henry Gilder ( 16 August 1838 – 1900 ) , was an American soldier , journalist , explorer and writer . Biography . He was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , the son of a clergyman , also named William Henry Gilder . At the beginning of the Civil War , the younger Gilder enlisted in the 5th New York Infantry ( Duryée ' s Zouave s ) , was transferred to the 40th New York , and was mustered out with the rank of captain and brevet major . During a large part of the war he served on the staff of Gen . Thomas W . Egan . From 1871 to 1877 , he was managing editor of the Newark " Register " and from 1878 to 1880 was second in command on the expedition of Frederick Schwatka to King William Land in search of the relics of Sir John Franklin . This expedition was marked by the longest sledge journey on record at that time — 3 , 251 statute miles . He accompanied the De Long expedition on " Rodgers " under Captain Berry and , after the burning of the vessel on the western shore of Bering Strait , made a midwinter journey of nearly 2 , 000 miles ( 3 , 200 km ) across Siberia to telegraph to the government the news of the disaster . He afterwards participated in the search for De Long in the Lena delta . In 1883 he was in Tongking as a war correspondent during the French - Annamese conflict and in 1884 visited the region of the earthquakes in Spain . On his expeditions and travels he was a correspondent of the New York " . He published " Schwatka ' s Search : Sledging in the Arctic in Quest of the Franklin Records " ( 1881 ) and " Ice - Pack and Tundra " ( 1883 ) . He was the brother of Richard Watson Gilder , Jeannette Leonard Gilder and Joseph Benson Gilder .
Siege of Besançon The Siege of Besançon was a military operation in Franche - Comté , then under Spanish rule , in 1674 as part of the Franco - Dutch War , aimed at annexing the province to the Kingdom of France . The siege ended with the conquest of the city by the French . Context . The Franco - Dutch War , started in 1672 , was mainly fought the first 2 years in the Dutch Republic . But a coalition was formed against the Kingdom of France in 1673 , and when England decided not to support France anymore in February 1674 , the French were forced to withdraw . In the spring of 1674 , Louis XIV of France decided to attack the Franche - Comté , at the head of an army of about 70 , 000 men . While Louvois had planned to first take Salins - les - Bains and Dole before attacking Besançon , Vauban had intervened and advised the Minister to address the latter first , which was agreed upon . Progress . Upon arrival at the site on April 26 , Vauban decided to install 36 pieces of artillery on the Chaudanne hill overlooking the citadel from the west of the city . At night , on the backs of men and mules , the guns were carried upon the hill , and from that moment on , the city came under constant French fire . The city capitulated on May 15 and the citadel held out until it also capitulated on May 22 .
French leave French leave is " Leave of absence without permission or without announcing one ' s departure " , including leaving a party without bidding farewell to the host . The intent behind this behaviour is to leave without disturbing the host . The phrase is first recorded in 1771 and was born at a time when the English and French cultures were heavily interlinked . In French , the equivalent phrase is " filer à l ' anglaise " ( to take English leave ) and seems to date from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries . First usage . The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) records : " the custom ( in the 18th century prevalent in France and sometimes imitated in England ) of going away from a reception , etc . without taking leave of the host or hostess . Hence , jocularly , to take French leave is to go away , or do anything , without permission or notice . " OED states the first recorded usage as : 1771 SMOLLETT Humph . Cl . ( 1895 ) 238 " He stole away an Irishman ' s bride , and took a French leave of me and his master . " The actual derivation may have its roots in American history during the French and Indian wars . About 140 French soldiers were captured near Lake George in New York and ferried to an island in the lake . The French , knowing the area better than the British , waited until near dawn and quietly waded ashore leaving their captors bewildered on arising . Though its role as such didn ' t last a day , the island has been named Prison Island . Military usage . The term is especially used to mean the act of leisurely absence from a military unit . This comes from the rich history of Franco - English conflict ; as Spain has a similar saying concerning the French ( " despedirse a la francesa " ) , it may have come from the Napoleonic campaign in the Iberian Peninsula which pitted the French against an Anglo - Portuguese and Spanish alliance . The phrase has a perfect French and Italian equivalent in " filer à l ' anglaise " and " filarsela all ' inglese " , literally , " to take the English leave " . In Polish it is " wyjść po angielsku " - " to leave English style " .
Visapur Fort Visapur fort ( also called Visapoor fort ) is a hill fort near Visapur village in Maharashtra , India . It is a part of the Lohagad - Visapur fortification . Location . It is located in Pune district , 2 . 5 km from Malavli Railway station . It has an elevation of 1084 meters above sea level . It is built on the same plateau as Lohagad . History . It was built during 1713 - 1720 CE by Balaji Vishwanath , the first Peshwa of Maratha Empire . Visapur fort was built much later than Lohagad but the histories of the two forts are closely linked . In 1818 , when reducing the Peshwa ' s forts , the strength of Lohagad and its fame as the treasury of the Maratha kingdom , caused the English to make special preparations for its attack . A detachment of 380 European and 800 native soldiers , with a battering train , summoned from Konkan , were joined by artillery from Chakan , and two other British battalions . On 4 March 1818 , Visapur was attacked and occupied . Making use of its higher elevation and proximity to Lohagad , the British troops set up their cannons on Visapur and bombarded Lohagad , forcing the Marathas to flee . Thus , in 1818 , Lohagad - Visapur was taken over by the British in 1818 AD and placed under the command of a Colonel Prother . Considering , the strategic importance of Visapur , both the north ( Konkan ) and the south ( Deccan ) gateways were blown up , and except a few huts , nothing was left standing . In contrast , most of Lohagad fort is still intact . Major Features . Visapur Fort is larger and at a higher elevation than its twin fort - Lohagad . Within the fort are caves , cisterns of water , a decorated arch and old houses . These two roofless buildings surrounded by outer or veranda walls said to have once been Government offices . The ruins of a large stone - built house are known as the Peshwa ' s palace . In addition to a huge carving of Hanuman , there are also several temple dedicated to him scattered all over the place . Hanuman ( or Maruti ) was likely the patron deity of Visapur fort . There is a well which local legend says was built by the Pandavas . In 1885 , near the north wall there was an iron gun ten feet long and of four - inch bore , marked with the Tudor Rose and Crown , flanked by the letters E . R . This is probably a gun of Queen Elizabeth ' s reign probably taken as bounty from an English ship and presented to the Peshwa by Kanhoji Angre or some other commander of the Maratha navy . Like other guns on the fort it has been disabled by breaking off its trunnions . Close to it are the remains of an old Mahadev shrine . Unlike the inner structure , majority of its wall is still intact . At a moderate pace , it takes two hours to walk along the winding Visapoor walls . It is high and strengthened by towers along the west face . In other parts , the wall varies from 3 feet thick fortification , backed by masonry platforms where the slope of the hill is easy , to a mere parapet of dry stone where the plateau ends in a precipice . Two massive bastions still flank the ruined central gate .
Carrier Mortar Tracked The Carrier Mortar Tracked ( CMT ) vehicle is a self - propelled mortar system developed by the Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment of Defence Research and Development Organisation ( DRDO ) in India . It is manufactured by Ordnance Factory Medak . Description . The Carrier Mortar Tracked vehicle is based on " Sarath " ( " Chariot of Victory " ) Indian license - produced variant of BMP - 2 . This turret - less version has a 81 mm mortar mounted in the modified troop compartment . The mortar is fired through an opening in the hull roof that has two hinged doors . It has a maximum range of 5 , 000 m , a normal rate of fire of 6 - 8 rds / min and capacity to fire from 40° to 85° and traverse 24° on either side . There is also a long - range version of the mortar . The vehicle carries 108 mortar rounds and is also fitted with a 7 . 62 mm machine gun with 2 , 350 rounds . It can be operated by all mechanised infantry battalions moves along with the leading mechanised elements providing instantaneous fire support up to a depth of five km behind enemy lines . It can also provide protection to crew and mortar fires . Besides providing services like aerial targets , the vehicle also has amphibious capabilities . Deployment . The first prototype was complete in 1997 and it is currently in production at the Ordnance Factory Board , India .
Polish National Committee ( 1914 – 17 ) Polish National Committee ( ) was formed in Russian partition during World War I , and grouped Polish politicians who wanted to advance the Polish cause by supporting Russia in World War I . The Committee was recognized by the Entente , and was primarily opposed to Polish factions supporting the Central Powers ( in particular , Józef Piłsudski ) . The Committee supported the creation of Blue Army under Józef Haller de Hallenburg in France . Major activists : Roman Dmowski , Zygmunt Wielopolski . In 1917 , after the Russian Revolution , the Committee was reorganized in France . See Polish National Committee ( 1917 – 1919 ) .
Porta Metronia Porta Metronia is a gate in the third - century Aurelian Walls of Rome . The gate is located in the southern section of the wall between Porta San Giovanni to the east and Porta Latina to the south . At the end of the Middle Ages , the gate was closed and the entrance bricked up . Because of increasing traffic in the modern era , four main passages were created beside the original gate . The ground level around the gate has risen significantly through the ages , leaving the original passage partially underground . The tower is only the upper part of the arcade of the passage visible .
Curtiss YA - 10 Shrike The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company Model 59B YA - 10 was a 1930s United States test and development version of the A - 8 Shrike ground - attack aircraft using various radial engines in place of the inline Vee . Development . The Curtiss YA - 10 Shrike was the first YA - 8 fitted with a Pratt & Whitney R - 1690 - 9 ( R - 1690D ) Hornet radial engine . The conversion was done in September 1932 , and it was found that the aircraft ' s performance was not degraded by the change of engine , and low - level maneuverability was improved due to lower mass moment of inertia with the short radial engine . The USAAC preferred radials to inline engines for the ground attack role , due to the vulnerability of the latter ' s cooling system to anti - aircraft fire . The US Navy preferred radials for carrier - borne operations . Upon completion of testing the Army changed an order for 46 A - 8B aircraft to the production version of the YA - 10 , the A - 12 Shrike . Operational history . Following completion of testing , the YA - 10 was assigned to the 3rd Attack Group for operational service , then in 1934 it was assigned to the Command and General Staff School . The YA - 10 was scrapped in early 1939 . The XS2C - 1 was the Navy ' s first two - seat warplane . Since it was not equipped for carrier operations , it remained a prototype .
Van Ness ' Regiment of Militia The Van Ness ' Regiment of Militia , also known as the 9th Albany County Militia Regiment , was called up in July , 1777 at Claverack , New York to reinforce Gen . Horatio Gates ' s Continental Army during the Saratoga Campaign . The regiment served in Brigadier General Abraham Ten Broeck ' s Brigade . With the defeat of General John Burgoyne ' s British Army on October 17 , 1777 the regiment stood down .
7 . 7 cm Kanone in Haubitzelafette The 7 . 7 cm Kanone in Haubitzlafette ( 7 . 7 cm gun on howitzer carriage ) was a field gun used by Germany in World War I . It consisted of the barrel of the 7 . 7 cm FK 16 mounted on the carriage of the 10 . 5 cm Feldhaubitze 98 / 09 in an attempt to get more elevation and range than the old 7 . 7 cm FK 96 n . A . . The Allies captured one example on 17 April 1916 , but it is uncertain just how many were made and if they remained in service once the 7 . 7 cm FK 16 was introduced .
Barvinkove - Losowaja Operation The Barvinkove - Losowaja Operation was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front in the European Theatre of World War II ; it took place between 18 and 31 January 1942 . The Red Army advanced and destroyed 3 German divisions ( 298 , 68 and 257 Infantry Divisions ) . According to Soviet data Germany lost 25 . 000 dead soldiers .
IMBEL Fz . 308 AGLC The IMBEL Fz . 308 or AGLC is a sniper rifle created by IMBEL to equip the Brazilian Army . Description . The . 308 IMBEL AGLC sniper rifle ( short designation Fz . 308 AGLC ) is being manufactured by Brazilian IMBEL state factories , for police and military use . This is a typical post - war design , with wooden stock and Mauser - type action . Claimed accuracy with match / sniper type ammunition is 1 MOA , maximum effective range against enemy personnel is about 500 – 600 meters . The . 308 IMBEL AGLC sniper rifle is a manually operated , magazine fed rifle . Mauser - type action has bolt with two frontal lugs , integral five - round magazine and non - removable cold hammer forged , heavy barrel . Stock is made from wood , and can be adjusted to some extent with use of buttplate spacers . Rifle is provided with sling swivel studs on the stock . No iron sights are installed as a standard , and the receiver is drilled and tapped to accept scope mounts .
USS Marlin ( SS - 205 ) USS " Marlin " ( SS - 205 ) , a " Mackerel " - class submarine , was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the marlin , a large game fish . Her keel was laid down by Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery , Maine , on 23 May 1940 . She was launched on 29 January 1941 sponsored by Mrs . John D . Wainwright , and commissioned on 1 August 1941 with Lieutenant George A . Sharp in command . After service in the Atlantic Fleet off New London , Connecticut , for half a year , " Marlin " departed New London 21 March for Casco Bay , Maine . She arrived the next day for duty with TG 27 . 1 , training new escort vessels in antisubmarine warfare . She returned to New London 18 April , and operated in Long Island Sound through 1942 . Unsubstantiated reports claim that in February of that year , " Marlin " and her sister ship , , engaged and sank the giant Free French Navy submarine , " Surcouf " , after discovering her in the Sound refueling a German U - boat , which was also sunk . On 7 January 1943 the submarine arrived in Casco Bay for further duty with TG 27 . 1 until 16 January . She then spent the next 2½ years patrolling and training ships off New London and Portsmouth , New Hampshire . On 26 July 1944 , while making a submerged practice approach on , she collided with " SC - 642 " with slight damage to both ships . In September " Marlin " kept company with on one of her trips from Portsmouth , reaching New London 10 September . On 20 October " Marlin " departed New London with for Bridgeport , Connecticut , arriving that day . Five days later she continued on to Boston , Mass , arriving 31 October . She decommissioned at the Boston Navy Yard 9 November . " Marlin " was sold 29 March 1946 to the Boston Metal Company of Baltimore , Maryland , for scrapping .
Abraham Markoe Abraham Markoe ( July 2 , 1727 – August 28 , 1806 ) , was an American patriot who founded the Philadelphia Light Horse , now known as the First City Troop . Early life . Markoe was born in St . Croix , in what was then the Danish West Indies . His grandfather , Pierre Marcou , a French Huguenot , had left France for the Danish West Indies before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes . His father was Pierre Markoe , who changed the family name to Markoe , and married Elizabeth Farrell . In St . Croix , Markoe became rich by inheritance and trading with both American colonies and Europe . He married a widow , Elizabeth ( Kenny ) Rogers , in 1751 , and had two sons , Peter and Abraham , Jr . Philadelphia . He went to Philadelphia about the year 1770 , his wife having died . Abraham Markoe , Jr . , stayed in St . Croix to manage the family sugar plantations . He married Elizabeth Baynton in Christ Church in 1773 . He had seven children from this marriage . When there were indications of rebellion , Markoe was the founder and the first Captain of the Philadelphia Light Horse , known today as the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry . The unit was composed of rich gentlemen of the city , who paid for their own horses and equipment . When the Continental Congress appointed George Washington the Commander in Chief , and Washington departed for Massachusetts on June 21 , 1775 , the Philadelphia Light Horse escorted him through New Jersey to New York City . As a Danish subject , Markoe could not actually fight in the war because of the King of Denmark ' s Neutrality Edict , but he did contribute to the American war effort in many other ways . One early contribution was a regimental flag with thirteen stripes representing the thirteen colonies that were striving to become the original thirteen states .
Fort Enet Fort Énet is a fortification in the Pertuis d ' Antioche in Charente - Maritime , France . It is located on the " Pointe de la Fumée " , the roadway extending from the city of Fouras , between Fouras and Île - d ' Aix , and can be accessed from there at low tide . Fort Énet formed a line of fortification with Fort Boyard and Fort de la Rade on Île - d ' Aix , designed to protect the arsenal of Rochefort from Royal Navy incursions . The building of the fort was started in 1810 by Napoleon I , following the devastating 1809 Battle of the Basque Roads . The Fort can be reached on foot at low tide , and can be visited . Fort Enet is listed as a Monument Historique . It is indexed in the Base Mérimée , a database of the French architectural patrimony maintained by the French Ministry of Culture , under the reference PA00132807 .
Veer - class corvette The " Veer class " corvettes of the Indian Navy are a customized Indian variant of the Soviet Tarantul class . They form the 22nd " Killer " Missile Vessel Squadron . Service history . Eight vessels of this class inherit their names from the illustrious 25th " Killer " missile boat squadron , which attacked and sunk 2 destroyer s , a minesweeper and various other support vessels off Karachi during Operation Trident and Operation Python of the Indo - Pakistani War of 1971 .
USS Embattle ( AM - 226 ) USS " Embattle " ( AM - 226 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . She earned two battle star s in service in the Pacific during World War II . In May 1946 , she was turned over to the Republic of China for service with the Chinese Maritime Customs Service as " Yung Hsing " . Her fate is unreported in secondary source s . Career . " Embattle " was launched 17 September 1944 by American Shipbuilding Co . , Lorain , Ohio ; and commissioned 25 April 1945 , Lieutenant P . A . Dulaney , USNR , in command . " Embattle " sailed from Cleveland , Ohio , 30 April 1945 via the St . Lawrence Waterway and after voyage repairs at Boston , Massachusetts , and shakedown exercises at Norfolk , Virginia , was en route to the Pacific when the war ended . After calling at San Pedro , California , she continued to Okinawa , arriving 6 November to aid in the postwar minesweeping operations there and in Japanese waters . Reporting to Subic Bay , Philippine Islands , 21 March 1946 , she was demilitarized and departed for Shanghai , China . She was decommissioned there 29 May 1946 , and turned over on the same day to the Chinese Maritime Commission via the Foreign Liquidation Commission of the State Department . She was renamed Yung Hsing ( A 7 ) . Her fate is unknown . " Embattle " received one battle star for World War II service .
Second Genoese – Savoyard War The Second Genoese – Savoyard War ( 1672 - 1673 ) was a short war fought between the Duchy of Savoy and the Republic of Genoa . The war was launched by Charles Emmanuel II , Duke of Savoy , in 1672 , but an exiled Genoese named Rafaello della Torre had initially prompted Charles Emmanuel into declaring war . Charles Emmanuel believed that Spain , engaged in hostilities with France in the Franco - Dutch War , would not assist Genoa . Charles Emmanuel ’ s declaration of war was based on pretexts that were “ slight and trivial , ” and it was evident that his reasons for going to war were to gain the seaport of Savona . The Savoyards initially had the upper hand , as the attack on Genoa was unexpected , and the Savoyards occupied Pieve di Teco “ and some other Places ; but these were soon recovered . ” Despite Charles Emmanuel ' s predictions , the Genoese did receive aid from Spain . The Savoyards under the Marquis of Catalan marched to Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena with plans to fortify it . The Genoese opposed them with a force of 9 , 000 men and seized all the roads , before the Savoyards could provision themselves . As a result , about 300 Savoyard officers and men departed from Castelvecchio . The remaining forces were overrun on August 15 , 1672 by the Genoese . Some inconclusive battles followed , including a struggle for control of Oneglia . The Genoese advanced towards Oneglia with plans to attack by sea and land , but the Savoyards prevented them . End of war and aftermath . Louis XIV of France intervened diplomatically in the war to protect French interests . Louis XIV wanted to end the war between Savoy and Genoa before Charles Emmanuel could be completely defeated and a new front of the Franco - Dutch War could be opened in Italy . Under the mediation of France , peace was concluded at the Château de Saint - Germain - en - Laye on January 18 , 1673 . Both sides returned whatever conquests that they had made . According to George Procter , the war “ scarcely merits our notice , for its circumstances and its conclusion were alike insignificant . ” However , the war had deleterious effects on the Duchy of Savoy . Since the war ended in defeat for Savoy , “ a bitter search for scapegoats followed , ” including Marchese di Pianezza , who had a prominent role in this war and was the duke ' s chief advisor . Pianezza was accused of treason and fled to France . Savoy ’ s 1672 war with Genoa also caused civil unrest : it had disrupted trade and resulted in the Savoyard government ’ s program to levy tolls on goods entering the territory of Mondovì . In 1684 , French naval forces would bombard Genoa for its support of Spain .