naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Sprut anti - tank gun 2A45 " Sprut - A , 2A45M " Sprut - B and 2S25 Sprut - SD ( Russian for " Octopus " or " Kraken " ) are the designations of the Soviet smoothbore 125 mm anti - tank gun . Development . The 2A45M was created in the late 1980s at the Petrov Design Bureau at Artillery Plant Number 9 also responsible for the 122 mm howitzer 2A18 ( D - 30 ) . Description ( Sprut - B ) . The most distinctive feature of the Sprut - B is its integrated engine , which can propel the gun on relatively flat surfaces ( up to 15 degrees slope ) and at 14 km / h on roads . This gives the gun a measure of mobility on the battle field . It takes 2 minutes to go from firing position to travelling position and 1 . 5 minutes to go from travelling position to firing position . Such guns are known in Russian as " self - moving " ( самодвижущиеся ) as opposed to self - propelled ( самоходные ) , and outside of battle it is towed by an MT - LB . The gun features a crew of seven . During the day the OP4M - 48A direct fire sight is used , at night the 1PN53 - 1 night vision sight is used . For indirect fire the 2Ts33 iron sights are used , along with the PG - 1m panoramic sight . The gun can reliably engage targets 2 metres high at a distance of 2000 metres . The barrel features a thermal sleeve to prevent temperature changes affecting the accuracy . The gun uses the same split ammunition as the T - 64 , T - 72 , T - 80 and T - 90 tanks . With an additional piece of equipment of the 9S53 , laser guided projectiles like the 9M119 Svir or 9K120 " Refleks " can be fired . Ammunition . The gun uses the same ammunition as the D - 81 series of guns used on the T - 64 , T - 72 , T - 80 and T - 90 tanks .
The Old Front Line The Old Front Line ( ISBN 0 - 85052 - 936 - 0 ) is a military history book by English poet John Masefield , first published in 1917 . The book is a description of the battlefield front - line from which the British Army attacked on the first day on the Somme , 1 July 1916 , and as such is perhaps the first battlefield guide of the First World War . Masefield had originally been asked to write a full account of the Battle of the Somme ( in 1916 he had written a successful book on the Battle of Gallipoli ) but the project fell through when he was refused access to official army documents . All he was able to produce was his description of the battlefield as seen in 1917 following the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line . Nevertheless , " The Old Front Line " is still frequently referenced today as an eye - witness description of the Somme terrain and it is written with lyrical prose that is rare in books on military history . Masefield ' s " The Old Front Line " is relatively short at about 80 pages . It was reprinted in 1972 with a 70 - page summary of the battle , contributed by Colonel Howard Green , MC . The 1972 version included photos of the battlefield taken in 1971 , including the Lochnager mine crater , Delville Wood and the Butte de Warlencourt . A third revision was published in 2003 by Pen & Sword with a preface by Martin Middlebrook . In 1919 Masefield succeeded in publishing a complete account of the battle as " The Battle of the Somme " .
Cari Batson Thomas Cari Batson Thomas is a Rear Admiral in the United States Coast Guard and a 1984 graduate of the U . S . Coast Guard Academy . On Friday January 22 , 2010 Thomas was ceremoniously advanced to Rear Admiral ( lower half ) and became the third recent female commander of the training center to be advanced to a flag officer . Cari Thomas served aboard cutters Vigorous , Valiant , and commanded Manitou . Additionally , other operational assignments included Group - Air Station Atlantic City and as plankowner and Commander , Sector Miami , Response Operations . Some of her responsibilities included transitions to the RB - S , 47 ’ MLB , 49 ’ BUSL , and 87 ’ CPB as well as numerous USCG , joint DOD , and interagency operations in the Northwest Atlantic , Gulf of Mexico , Caribbean , Bahamas , Straits of Florida , New Jersey coast and Delaware Bay . Rear Admiral Thomas also served in the Enlisted Personnel Division of the Personnel Command , Admissions at the Coast Guard Academy , as a Program Reviewer at Headquarters and as the Executive Assistant to the Atlantic Area , Fifth District and Maritime Defense Zone Atlantic Commanders . She was able to gain experience in leading new Department of Homeland Security response regimes , she served two years as the Chief of Staff to Principal Federal Official ( PFO ) , Northeast Region and as the predesignated Deputy PFO , Florida ( collateral duty ) . Completing assignment as the Atlantic Area Resource Director , she reports to Training Center Cape May , her 13th permanent duty station in 24 years of service . Captain Thomas graduated with distinction from the Naval War College with a Masters of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies . She also holds a Masters of Science in Educational Leadership from Troy State University and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering from the Coast Guard Academy . She served on the Board of Directors for the Academy Alumni Association , and participated in various Coast Guard studies , including Project Kimball , Academy Task Force and as co - lead for the Force Readiness Command design team . Her awards include three Meritorious Service Medal s , a Joint Service Commendation Medal , and four Coast Guard Commendation Medal s among many other personal , unit and campaign awards . She earned permanent cutterman status in 1994 . Thomas ’ husband is Loran Support Unit Commander Gary Thomas and her one and only daughter is Andi Thomas .
Agustín Muñoz Grandes Agustín Muñoz Grandes ( January 27 , 1896 – July 11 , 1970 ) was a Spanish general , and politician , vice - president of the Spanish Government and minister with Francisco Franco several times ; also known as the commander of the Blue Division between 1941 and 1943 . Biography . Born to a humble family in Madrid , Muñoz Grandes enrolled at the Toledo Infantry Academy while in his teens . Upon graduating , he was deployed to Morocco in 1915 and took part in the decisive Battle of Alhucemas . Muñoz Grandes fought for the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War and was promoted to General , taking command in the Army of Africa . He led the Spanish Legion naires in the attack that won Málaga for the Nationalists in February 1937 . In 1941 , Muñoz Grandes was given command of the División Azul , Generalísimo Franco ' s volunteer unit created for service under the Wehrmacht in Russia . Muñoz Grandes was well acquainted with the German military establishment , and attended several interviews with Wilhelm Canaris and Adolf Hitler . During his command Muñoz Grandes was decorated with the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , with Oak Leaves personally added by Hitler . He was recalled to Spain in December 1942 . A promotion to Lieutenant General awaited him at home , and his post on the Eastern Front was taken up by Emilio Esteban Infantes . Muñoz Grandes was appointed Captain - General of I Military District in 1945 and Minister of Defence in 1950 . He served as First Vice President of Spain from 1962 to 1967 . Нe also was decorated by U . S . General Dwight D . Eisenhower after World War II ended and by Konrad Adenauer , First Chancellor ( Bundeskanzler ) of West Germany after the war . Muñoz Grandes died in 1970 .
Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center The Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center ( AATC ) is a unit of the Air National Guard , stationed at Tucson Air National Guard Base , Arizona . It is a tenant unit hosted by the 162d Fighter Wing , Arizona Air National Guard . Overview . AATC conducts operational test ( OT ) on behalf of each United States Air Force Major Command and possesses 7 F - 16C Fighting Falcon Block 25 / 32 aircraft to support the primary mission of F - 16 Operational Flight Program ( OFP ) testing . AATC also operates a temporary A - 10A Thunderbolt II OT detachment at Davis - Monthan AFB , with the support of the 917th Wing , Barksdale AFB , Louisiana and the host 355th Wing at Davis - Monthan . The unit also is tasked and accomplishes testing on a wide variety of other Air Reserve Command aircraft , including F - 16 Block 40 / 42 , B - 52 , F - 15A / B , HH - 60 , HC - 130 and electronic combat systems for those aircraft . AATC has also conducted testing in support of Air Mobility Command on C - 130 , C - 5 , KC - 10 and KC - 135 aircraft . AATC is uniquely postured to take advantage of modernization efforts that are funded by the National Guard and Reserve Equipment Account ( NGREA ) which is unprogrammed funding suited to near - term improvements . AATC efforts exploiting NGREA resources complement long - range AF programs and have enabled transformational modernization efforts such as Night Vision Devices for fighter aircraft ( first fielded in the ARC ) , Situational Awareness Data Link ( SADL ) , a low - cost datalink complementing AF network enabled operations , and Litening Targeting Pods , which greatly increased the number of precision strike aircraft in the AF inventory and revolutionized how the AF delivers joint fires and conducts non - traditional intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance .
11th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 11th Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was assigned to front - line combat duty in the Army of the Cumberland in the Western Theater and participated in most of its leading battles and campaigns , including the Chattanooga Campaign and the 1864 Atlanta Campaign . Service . The 11th Michigan Infantry was organized at White Pigeon , Michigan , primarily from volunteer recruits raised from the St . Joseph County , Michigan , region . It was mustered into Federal service for a three - year enlistment on September 24 , 1861 . It served in a variety of assignments and campaigns , seeing action initially under its first colonel , future U . S . Congressman William L . Stoughton . The much depleted regiment was mustered out on September 30 , 1864 , and recruits and veterans whose terms of enlistment had not yet expired were transferred to the 11th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( Reorganized ) . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 5 officers and 107 enlisted men who were killed in action or motally wounded , and 2 officers and 194 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 308 fatalities . References . Here is a link to the pages of a booklet for the 27th Reunion of the Eleventh Michigan Volunteer Cavalry ( includes photos ) : http : / / debwong . com / Cavalry . html
Yakovlev Yak - 140 The Yakovlev Yak - 140 was a Soviet prototype light - weight supersonic fighter developed during the 1950s . It was completed in 1954 , but was forbidden to enter flight testing and was canceled in 1956 . Development . The Yak - 140 was developed around the Mikulin AM - 11 turbojet ( rated at thrust dry and with afterburner ) to meet a specification issued in 1953 requiring a supersonic fighter with a maximum speed of and a range of . It was to be armed with three cannon with 75 rounds per gun and was to be capable of carrying air - to - ground rockets as well as of bombs . Its fully loaded weight was to be and it was to be ready to be submitted for State acceptance trials in March 1955 . It had a circular - section semi - monocoque fuselage with a nose air intake . A range - only radar was fitted in the conical inlet cone of the air intake . The wings had a sweep angle of 55° at quarterchord . Two wing fence s were fitted on the upper surface of each wing . The horizontal stabilizer was midway down the rear fuselage and two air brakes were fitted on its underside . The cockpit canopy was faired into the spine that ran the length of the top of the fuselage . The tandem undercarriage had a single wheel on the forward unit and twin - wheels on the main unit with outrigger struts that retracted aft into wingtip fairings . The aircraft ' s State acceptance trials were delayed until the first quarter of 1956 for lack of a flight - ready AM - 11 engine , but this did not help and it had be adapted to use a less powerful Mikulin AM - 9D engine with only of dry thrust . The gun armament was reduced to only two Nudelman - Rikhter NR - 23 guns with 75 rounds per gun in compensation , but the estimated speed dropped by about regardless . This was deemed to be acceptable as it suffice to begin flight - testing . The prototype was completed in December 1954 and it passed all the necessary ground tests by 10 February 1955 when it was cleared to begin flight trials . However , MAP ( " Ministerstvo Aviatsionnoy Promyshlennosti " — the Ministry of Aviation Industry ) denied Yakovlev authorization to begin flight tests as it favored competing designs from Sukhoi and Mikoyan - Gurevich . A Council of Ministers directive was issued on 28 March 1956 to terminate the program and the corresponding MAP order followed on 6 April .
Western Frontier Force The Western Frontier Force was a force of British Empire troops formed in response to the Senussi Uprising and coming under the command of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force . Orders for the formation of a Western Frontier Force were issued on 20 November 1915 , and Major - General A . Wallace , C . B . , was appointed to the command . The original composition of the force was : The composition of the force was constantly changing , and it was not till the middle of February , 1916 , that it became really fixed . Other units attached during the WFF ' s existence included :
HMS Jersey ( 1654 ) HMS " Jersey " was a 40 - gun Fourth rate frigate of the English Royal Navy , originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Maldon , and launched in 1654 . By 1677 her armament had been increased to 48 guns . In 1669 , the diarist Samuel Pepys , while a member of the Navy Board , was temporarily named captain of " Jersey " as a legal maneuver to make him eligible to sit on a court - martial . " Jersey " was captured by the French in 1691 .
5 - Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket The 5 - inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket or FFAR was an American rocket developed during World War II for attack from airplanes against ground and ship targets . Operational history . The first FFARs were developed by the U . S . Navy and introduced in June 1943 . They had a 3 . 5 - inch diameter and a non - explosive warhead , since they were used as an aircraft - launched ASW ( Anti - Submarine Warfare ) rocket and worked by puncturing the hull . It was accurate enough for use against surface ships and land targets , but these missions required an explosive warhead . A 5 - inch anti - aircraft shell was attached to the 3 . 5 - inch rocket motor , creating the 5 - Inch FFAR , which entered service in December 1943 . Performance was limited because of the increased weight , limiting speed to 780 km / h ( 485 mph ) . The High Velocity Aircraft Rocket , or HVAR , was developed to fix this flaw . A list of aircraft that used FFAR :
7 . 5 cm kanon PL vz . 37 The 7 . 5 cm kanon PL vz . 37 ( Anti - aircraft Gun Model 37 ) was a Czech anti - aircraft gun used in the Second World War . Those weapons captured after the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 were taken into Wehrmacht service as the " 7 . 5 cm Flak M 37 ( t ) " or " Flak Skoda " . The Germans sold many of them to Italy where they were designated as the " Cannone da 75 / 49 " or " 75 / 50 " . Surviving guns were taken back into German service after Italy ' s surrender in 1943 . 20 were sold to the Finns in November 1940 . Twelve were in Luftwaffe service between April and September 1944 . Description . The gun had a semi - automatic , vertical sliding block breech that automatically ejected the cartridge case after firing , but had to be hand - loaded for the next shot . It had a standard hydro - pneumatic recoil system and a muzzle brake . It could fire a armor - piercing shell for direct fire . It was intended for motor towing as it rode on a two - axle carriage with pneumatic wheels , but could be towed by horses if necessary . The side legs of the cruciform mount folded for transport .
Urbanus ( Roman usurper ) Urbanus ( d . 271 ? ) was a Roman usurper . Urbanus staged an uprising in the beginning of the reign of Aurelian . According to Zosimus ( 1 , 49 , 2 ) he was soon defeated . It is possible that this usurper never existed .
RMS Empress of Canada ( 1928 ) SS " Duchess of Richmond was an ocean liner built in 1928 for Canadian Pacific Steamships by John Brown & Company in Clydebank , Scotland . In 1947 she was renamed SS " Empress of Canada . Duchess . The " Duchess of Richmond " was one of the several " sturdy Canadian Pacific liners which were known as " Drunken Duchesses " for their lively performance in heavy seas . " She was built as a sister ship to SS " Duchess of York " , SS " Duchess of Bedford " and SS " Duchess of Atholl " . In March 1929 the 20 , 022 - ton ocean liner began transatlantic summer service from Montreal Canada to Liverpool in the United Kingdom with winter service out of the port of Saint John , New Brunswick . Troopship . During World War II , the " Duchess " was requisitioned as a troopship . Early in the war , she transported men to the fighting in North Africa , stopping briefly in Algiers to disembark troops on November 14 , 1942 . Empress . In 1947 she was refitted as a luxury liner with the new name " Empress of Canada " and returned to service on her original Canada to England route . On 25 January 1953 the " Empress of Canada " caught fire and heeled over against the dock wall at Gladstone Dock , Liverpool . Re - floated after being righted by parbuckling , the following spring she was taken to La Spezia , Italy where she was scrapped . The difficulty of her recovery has been likened to that of at Pearl Harbor in 1943 and SS " Normandie " in New York harbor in 1942 .
Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 ( StG 3 ) was a " Luftwaffe " Dive bomber - wing of World War II . It was formed on 9 July 1940 in Dinard from the " Stab / Kampfgeschwader 28 " and redesignated to " Schlachtgeschwader 3 " on 18 October 1943 . See also . Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II
ROCS Cheng Kung ( FFG - 1101 ) ROCS " Cheng Kung " ( 成功 , FFG - 1101 ) is the lead ship of eight " Cheng Kung " - class guided - missile frigate s , which are based on the " Oliver Hazard Perry " - class of United States Navy . Laid down on 2 December 1990 and launched on 27 October 1991 , " Cheng Kung " was commissioned in service on 7 May 1993 . All of these Taiwanese FFG ' s have the length of the later long hull " Oliver Hazard Perry " FFG ' s , but have a different weapon and electronics fit . In order to control the different weapon systems on board that the Mk 92 can ' t integrate into , a second CDS , H930 MCS was installed on all 8 ships in order to control the 8 HF - 2 ( or 4 HF - 2 and 4 HF - 3 on PFG - 1101 and PFG - 1105 ) and the 2 x Bofors 40mm / L70 guns ( except on PFG - 1110 ) . Rest of the ships in this class will receive 4 HF - 3 upon their major overhaul . Namesake . Cheng Kung is named after Cheng Ch ' eng - kung ( 鄭成功 ) ( 1624 - 1662 ) , who was a military leader at the end of Ming Dynasty that led the recovery of Taiwan from Dutch colonial occupation in 1662 .
Joachim von Bertrab Leutnant Joachim von Bertrab ( died 1922 ) was a German air ace of the First World War credited with five confirmed victories . Early life . Joachim Lambert Robert Herman von Bertrab was born in the village of Sankt Andreasberg / Clausthal - Zellerfeld in the Duchy of Brunswick , the German Empire . He began his military service in his duchy ' s No . 46 Field Artillery Regiment as a leutnant . World War I service . After switching to aviation duty , Bertrab was initially assigned to FFA 71 , then " Fokkerstaffel Metz " . After transfer , while serving with Jagdstaffel 30 under Hans Bethge , Bertrab claimed two Martinsyde G100 bombers from No . 27 Squadron RFC on 6 April 1917 . A British formation of four targeted Ath , Belgium . Bertrab picked off one Martinsyde " Elephant " as they began their bomb run , and set afire a second one after bomb fall . Just over two hours later , at 1048 hours , Bertrab ' s attack on a formation of Sopwith 1 1 / 2 Strutter s from No . 45 Squadron RFC caused two to collide in midair , with no survivors . A Royal Aircraft Factory F . E . 2 d from No . 20 Squadron RFC was then claimed on 15 May 1917 over Lille . While attempting to become a balloon buster by shooting down an observation balloon over Souchez , France , Bertrab was shot down by Lt . Mick Mannock of 40 Squadron on 12 August and taken prisoner . Mannock noted that it took him five minutes dogfighting to down Bertrab ' s new black Albatros D . V , and that he wounded the German ace in the left leg and both arms , breaking the right one . Bertrab favored an Albatros D . III or Albatros D . V as his aircraft of choice . His personal mount was painted black or dark purple , with the Maltese Crosses edged in white and a comet painted on the side of the fuselage . Bertrab won both classes of the Iron Cross for his feats . Postwar . Joachim von Bertrab survived the war but died near Boitzenburg on 18 July 1922 .
Trentham Military Camp Trentham Military Camp is a New Zealand Defence Force facility located in Trentham , Upper Hutt , near Wellington . As an army installation , it also hosts Joint NZDF facilities including : Elements of Army General Staff at Trentham Camp including Messines Army Centre are : Units at Trentham Army Camp include : Civilian police . Prior to 1981 the camp was also home to the Royal New Zealand Police College .
Ahmed Vefik Pasha Ahmet Vefik Pasha ( Constantinople , July 3 , 1823 – April 2 , 1891 ) , was a famous Ottoman statesman , diplomat , playwright and translator of the Tanzimat period . He was commissioned with top - rank governmental duties , including presiding over the first Ottoman parliament . He also became a grand vizier for two brief periods . Vefik also established the first Ottoman theatre and initiated the first Western style theatre plays in Bursa and translated Molière ' s major works . Biography . Ahmet Vefik Pasha was born of Greek extraction , his ancestors having previously converted to Islam . He started his education in 1831 in Constantinople and later went to Paris with his family where he graduated from Saint Louis College . When he became the ambassador to Tehran , he learned the Persian language . In Tehran , he was the first person to raise his country ' s flag in an embassy . He declared the embassy soil a Turkish land and started this custom . He was a pioneer of the Pan - Turkism movement . He became the Minister of Education and grand vizier two times . He built a theatre in Bursa when he was made the governor of the city . In 1860 , he became the ambassador to France . He wrote the first Turkish Dictionary . He is considered to be the first Turkist of the Ottoman Turks .