naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Jim Nicholson ( Secretary of Veterans Affairs ) Robert James " Jim " Nicholson ( born February 4 , 1938 ) is an attorney , real estate developer , and a former Republican Party chairman . He was the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from January 26 , 2005 until October 1 , 2007 . Personal life . Nicholson was born on a farm near Struble , Iowa . Nicholson has characterized his childhood as " growing up dirt poor in a tenant house without plumbing and sometimes without food " . He is the brother of John W . Nicholson . Nicholson has a Master ' s degree in Public Policy from Columbia University . He received a law degree from the University of Denver College of Law in 1972 . In May 2005 , he was recognized with the Distinguished Graduate of the U . S . Military Academy Award . Nicholson is married to the former Suzanne Marie Ferrell of Highland Falls , New York , who is an accomplished artist . They are the parents of three adult children . Military service . He is a 1961 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York and served eight years in active duty . He was a paratrooper and Ranger - qualified Army officer . He fought in the Vietnam War , where he earned the Bronze Star , Combat Infantryman Badge , the Meritorious Service Medal , Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry and two Air Medal s . After thirty years of military service he retired in 1991 with the rank of Colonel . Legal and business career . Before becoming active in civilian government service , he practiced law in Denver , Colorado , specializing in real estate , municipal finance and zoning law . In 1978 he founded Nicholson Enterprises , Inc . , a developer of planned residential communities , and in 1987 he bought Renaissance Homes , a custom - house builder . He now works in the Washington , D . C . office of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck LLP . Political career . Nicholson has never held elected office , but has long been active in the Republican Party . In January 1986 , he was elected committeeman from Colorado for the Republican National Committee ( RNC ) . In 1993 , he was elected Vice - Chairman of the RNC , and was the " surprise pick " for GOP national chairman in January 1997 . He served in that role through the 2000 presidential election . Between 2001 and his appointment as Secretary of Veterans Affairs in 2005 , he served as United States Ambassador to the Holy See ( the Vatican ) .
865th Technical Training Squadron The 865th Technical Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 1st Missile Division , based at Redstone Arsenal . Huntsville , Alabama . It was inactivated on November 1 , 1959 . History . Established in late 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron under II Bomber Command at Wendover Field , Utah ; later moving to Mountain Home Army Air Field , Idaho to complete its final phase of training . At Mountain Home , the squadron received new very long range B - 24J aircraft in early May . Deployed to Hawaii Territory and assigned to VII Bomber Command . Remained in Hawaii with aircraft undergoing modifications while training for long range flights over the Pacific Ocean . Deployed to Angaur in the Palau Islands in October , flying very long range combat missions against Japanese airfields on Yap and Koror . Conducted strikes on other bypassed enemy installations in the Pacific and against the Japanese in the Philippines . Late in 1944 hit gun emplacements , personnel areas , ant storage depots on Corregidor and Caballo at the entrance to Manila Bay ; bombed radio installations and power plants at Japanese bases in the Philippines ; and attacked enemy - held airfields , including Clark Field on Luzon . Early in 1945 struck airfields on Mindanao and ammunition and supply dumps in the Davao Gulf and Illana Bay areas . Moved to Okinawa in June 1945 . Engaged primarily in attacks against enemy airfields on Kyūshū until V - J Day . Also participated in incendiary raids , dropped propaganda leaflets over urban areas of Kyūshū and struck airfields in China , in southern Korea , and around the Inland Sea of Japan . After the war ' s end in September , the unit remained on Okinawa as older units began to demobilize . The squadron was engaged in transporting personnel and supplies in the Southwest Pacific , and moving necessary occupation support elements from Manila to Tokyo . Began to demobilize in November and December , with personnel returning to the United States ; inactivated as a paper unit in the United States on January 4 , 1946 . Reactivated by Strategic Air Command in 1958 as Missile Training squadron at Redstone Arsenal , Alabama . Provided training for Italian Air Force personnel in the operation and launching of the PGM - 19 Jupiter Intermediate - Range Missie . Inactivated 1 November 1959 .
LR - 300 The LR 300 is an American assault rifle and conversion kit designed and manufactured by Z - M Weapons . It is based on the AR - 15 platform and is broadly similar to the United States service rifle , the M16 . The weapon is touted as an ' excellent entry weapon system ' indicating a suitability for military use in close quarters battle which often involves aggressive and rapid building entries requiring a compact yet powerful selective fire weapon . Also notable is the rifle ' s capability to use a fully folding and adjustable skeletal stock . Most AR - 15 / M16 rifle variants have a thick , cylindrical recoil buffer tube , more properly called the receiver extension , that protrudes approximately 20 cm straight back from the rear of the receiver , and the firearm cannot operate without it . This normally precludes the use of anything but fixed or telescoping stocks . The LR 300 however uses an adapted version of the AR - 15 ' s standard direct impingement gas operating system which removes the need for a receiver extension . The gas key is extended beyond its normal length to form an operation rod , such as an M14 or AK47 , extending into the top of the forward handguard . The gas key contains the return spring which is fixed between the front of the receiver and the collar at the front of the gas key . The gas tube runs backwards from the gas block in the front sight base and enters the gas key . In this way when the firearm fires at least some of the combustion gases from inside the gas tube are vented into the handguard area rather than the receiver . This means the standard buffer assembly is not required at the rear of the weapon , allowing a folding stock to be fitted to reduce the overall length of the weapon , and reduces gas fouling in the receiver . LR - 300MLs have flat top receivers with Picatinny rail s , allowing them to be used with multiple types of sighting systems . The trigger , along with the charging handle , forward assist , magazine release and bolt hold release are identical to those of the AR - 15 . The barrel has a 1 : 9 twist ratio , is chrome lined and the muzzle is fitted with a Phantom flash suppressor .
63rd Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 63rd Infantry Regiment was an Regular infantry regiment in the United States Army . Lineage . Constituted 15 May 1917 in the Regular Army as the 63rd Infantry . Organized 1 June 1917 at the Presidio of San Francisco , California , from personnel of the 12th infantry . Assigned to the 11th Infantry Division 5 July 1918 . Relived from the 11th Division 29 November 1918 . Demoblized 31 July 1922 at Plattsburg Barracks , New York . Campaign streamers . World War II Distinctive unit Insignia . The shield of the COA . Coat of arms . The shield is Infantry blue with demi - sun . A rising sun is on the arms of the state of New York , and California is the state of the setting sun . The 63rd Infantry was originally organized in California and after World War I performed guard duty in New York state . The 12th Infantry from which the personnel were drawn , is indicated by the canton
M1870 Gasser The M1870 Gasser was a revolver chambered for 11 . 2x29 . 5mm and was adopted by the Austro - Hungarian Cavalry in 1870 . It was an open - frame model , with the barrel unit attached to the frame by a screw beneath the cylinder arbor . The arbor pin was screwed into the barrel unit and fitted into a recess in the standing breech . The cylinder was gate - loaded from the right side , and a rod ejector was carried beneath the barrel . A unique safety bar will usually be found on the right of the frame , below the cylinder . This carries pins which pass through holes in the frame to engage the lock mechanism . Slightly retracting the hammer allows one of these pins to move inward , preventing the hammer moving forward again when released . The pistol can thereafter be carried safely when loaded . Pressure on the trigger withdraws the pin from the path of the hammer before firing . The M1870 Gasser became the Austro - Hungarian cavalry revolver . It chambered an 11 . 2mm centerfire cartridge usually called the ' 11mm Montenegrin ' , a long cartridge which had earlier been used in Fruwirth carbines . Gasser - Kropatschek M1876 . The Gasser - Kropatschek M1876 was adopted by Austria Hungary in 1876 as a refinement of the 1870 Gasser design . Instigated by Alfred Kropatschek , the changes being principally a matter of reducing weight by reducing the caliber to 9mm . The title ' Montenegrin Gasser ' covers a variety of six - chamber large calibre revolvers . They originally appeared as open - frame models , similar to the M1870 and usually in 11mm nominal ( 11 . 2mm actual ) calibers . Single and double - action locks were used , grips were often in ivory or bone , engraving and gold inlay work was common , and the predominant impression was one of weight and bulk . Later models offered hinged - frame construction , with Galand cylinder locks and a self - extracting mechanism . Most are marked ' Guss Stahl ' , ' Kaiser ' s Patent ' and similar phrases . Genuine Gasser products are marked ' L . GASSER PATENT WIEN ' or ' L . GASSER OTTAKRING PATENT ' , and often carry the Gasser trademark of a heart pierced by an arrow . Gasser also produced revolvers for the commercial market . The Gasser - Kropatschek , for example , appeared with fluted cylinders instead of the smooth - surfaced military pattern . He also produced the 9mm ' Post & Police ' solid frame non - ejecting double - action revolver , with a hexagonal barrel . A commercial version of this gun was also made , generally offering better finish . There was also a commercial version of the open - frame M1874 in 9mm , and a 9mm hinged frame self - extracting model with the Galand double - action lock .
Treaty of Versailles ( 1758 ) The Treaty of Versailles of 1758 confirmed the treaties signed at Versailles in 1756 and 1757 between Austria and France . However , it also revoked the 1757 treaty ' s agreement to create an independent state in the Southern Netherlands ruled by Philip , Duke of Parma - that area instead remained under Austrian rule .
Jacob Hoke Jacob Hoke ( March 17 , 1825 – December 26 , 1893 ) was a 19th - century American merchant and businessman in Chambersburg , Pennsylvania , whose personal observations and diary entries formed the basis for one of the earliest classic accounts of the Gettysburg Campaign during the American Civil War . He was also a prolific writer of widely circulated religious materials for the United Brethren Church . Hoke was born in McConnellsburg , Pennsylvania , to Henry and Sarah ( Eyster ) Hoke . He was educated in the local schools and , from the age of twelve until May 1841 , clerked in a country store . He moved to Chambersburg , where he engaged in a series of business ventures that led to enough capital to open his own dry goods store on Chambersburg ' s town square . During the early part of the Civil War , he assisted in caring for the wounded from the Battle of Antietam in the autumn of 1862 . Hoke lived on the second floor above his shop . As the Confederate Army began invading the town in late June 1863 , he had an excellent vantage point to observe and watch the movements of the Southern soldiers . For the next two weeks , Confederates occupied the town , and much of the Army of Northern Virginia passed within view of Hoke . In the summer of 1864 , he again was in a position to witness the Civil War in his home town when much of Chambersburg was burned by Confederate cavalry under John McCausland operating under the orders of Maj . Gen . Jubal A . Early . In 1884 , Hoke integrated his memories , notes , observations , and outside sources into a pamphlet he entitled " Reminiscences of the War . " Three years later , he produced a larger , more detailed work , " The Great Invasion of 1863 , or , General Lee in Pennsylvania " . Published in Dayton , Ohio , the book had become a standard reference work for a first - hand account of the two Confederate incursions into south - central Pennsylvania . For many years , Hoke was the president of the Franklin County Bible Society , and he served on several church - related boards and committees , including chairing the Board of Missions for the national United Brethren Church . He married twice , but had no children .
Gruppenkommandeur Gruppenkommandeur is a " Luftwaffe " position ( not rank ) , that is the equivalent of a commander of a group or wing in other air forces . " Gruppenkommandeur " usually has the rank of " Hauptmann " or " Major " , and commands a " Gruppe " , which is a sub - division of a " Geschwader " . A " Gruppe " usually consists of three or four " Staffeln " , commanded by a " Staffelkapitän " . See also . Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II
Faxfleet Preceptory The Faxfleet Preceptory is a former community of the Knights Templar located in what is now the East Riding of Yorkshire , England . It stood on lands which are now part of Thorpe Grange Farm and are largely buried under a field to the west of the farm known today as Temple Garth . The location is west of Kingston upon Hull , approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of Youlthorpe and 25 miles ( 40 km ) south - west of Beswick . History . Faxfleet was one of Yorkshire ' s greatest preceptories , originally built upon land provided in 1185 by the Crusade r knight , Roger de Mowbray , Lord of Northumberland . De Mowbray had been ransomed by the Templars from the Turks who were holding him prisoner . In that year it is recorded that Odo , Serlo , Gille , Stephen , Harvat and Ucca were Templars tenants , each farming of land under the strip farming system . In 1290 Geoffrey Jolif was preceptor , or commander , of the Knights Templar at Faxfleet ( until 1301 ) and Robert de Halton was master of the bailiwick of the Temple in the same county . In 1308 , several persons , although not Jolif , were arrested at Faxfleet , were sent to York , and were eventually sentenced to do penitence in the Cistercian Order . The preceptory was closed in 1308 and was valued at that time at over £290 ( £ as of 2018 ) .
XM1216 Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle The XM1216 Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle ( SUGV ) is a Future Combat Systems specific , man packable ( < ) version of the iRobot ' s PackBot . Description . The XM1216 Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle ( SUGV ) is a lightweight , man portable Unmanned Ground Vehicle ( UGV ) capable of conducting military operations in urban terrain , tunnels , sewers , and caves . The SUGV aids in the performance of manpower - intensive or high - risk functions ( i . e . urban Intelligence , Surveillance , and Reconnaissance ( ISR ) missions , chemical / Toxic Industrial Chemicals ( TIC ) , Toxic Industrial Materials ( TIM ) , reconnaissance , etc . ) . Working to minimize Soldiers ' exposure directly to hazards , the SUGV ' s modular design allows multiple payloads to be integrated in a plug and play fashion . Weighing less than , it is capable of carrying up to of payload weight . The XM1216 can either be remotely manned , or manipulated through use of a Microsoft Xbox 360 gamepad fitted with speciality drivers . This allows full control of the unit , otherwise unavailable through a conventional joystick . . Alternatively a ruggedized controller known as Small HaWC ( HArm ' s Way Controller ) , more suited to combat environments may be used in place of the Xbox 360 controller . The SUGV is part of Spin Out 1 and has entered evaluation at the Army Evaluation Task Force ( AETF ) . It will be fielded to IBCTs starting in 2011 . In February 2012 , the Army announced their intention to issue a sole - source contract to iRobot for the XM1216 Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle ( SUGV ) Robotic System . The contract is for developing , supporting , and testing hardware and software related to the XM1216 .
AN / SPG - 55 The AN / SPG - 55 was a tracking / illumination radar for Terrier and RIM - 67 Standard missiles ( SM - 1ER / SM - 2ER ) . It was used for target tracking and Surface - to - air missile guidance on numerous ships including s , s , s and Farragut class destroyers . It was also used on the nuclear - powered single units , and . The SPG - 55 was part of the Mk 76 missile fire control system . Name . The designation " AN " stands for " Army - Navy " while " SPG " is not an acronym , but part of the MIL - STD - 196E Type Designation System :
USS Orvetta ( IX - 157 ) USS " Orvetta " ( IX – 157 ) was built for the US Shipping Board as Tampa in 1920 by the Oscar Daniels Co . , Tampa , Fla . and acquired by the United States Navy on a bareboat charter from the Maritime Commission 4 April 1944 . She was renamed " Orvetta " and converted for military service as a barracks ship by the Matson Navigation Co . , San Francisco ; and commissioned 7 June 1944 , Lt . Comdr . G . L . Armstrong , in command . By 18 June " Orvetta " had reported for duty with Service Force , Pacific . She operated first with ServRon 8 , headquartered at Pearl Harbor . Then , as the war moved west and north from the south Pacific , she shifted to ServRon 10 to provide housing facilities at advanced bases . By the end of the war she was in the Philippines , anchored in San Pedro Bay . Following the signing of the official surrender documents , " Orvetta " steamed north to Okinawa , thence to Shanghai , arriving 30 September . She remained at Shanghai until 10 May 1946 when she was taken in tow by for return to the Philippines . Arriving at Subic Bay 18 May she continued to serve as , a barrack ship until decommissioned at the end of the year . Struck from the Naval Register 10 June 1947 , she was returned to the Maritime Commission , at Subic , 26 January 1948 . Four months later she departed for the United States and was sold for scrap in early 1949 .
Minamoto no Yoshihira Minamoto no Yoshihira ( 源 義平 ) ( 1140 – 1160 ) was a Minamoto clan warrior who fought alongside his father , Minamoto no Yoshitomo , in the Heiji Rebellion . His mother was the daughter of Miura no Yoshiaki , thus indicating the close ties between the two families . His brothers were Minamoto no Yoshitsune , Noriyori and Yoritomo . He married the daughter of Minamoto no Yoshishige . In 1155 , after a disagreement with uncle Minamoto no Yoshikata , Yoshihira attacked his storehouse and home in Musashi Province . Then , in 1159 , Yoshihira was sent to Kyoto to fight in the Heiji Rebellion . The Taira offered to make a peace agreement , but the Minamoto refused , and were soon defeated . Although Yoshihira fled the battle , and lived peacefully , in disguise , for a time in Kyoto , he was soon captured and killed by Taira no Kiyomori , the head of the enemy faction .
Hispano HA - 200 The Hispano HA - 200 Saeta was a 1950s Spanish two - seat advanced jet trainer produced by Hispano Aviación . It was later developed into the Hispano Aviación Ha - 220 " Super Saeta " which was given an attack capability . Design and development . The HA - 200 Saeta ( " Arrow " ) was the first Spanish turbojet aircraft . It was designed by Willy Messerschmitt as the earlier piston - powered trainer HA - 100 Triana . The HA - 200 was a low - winged monoplane of all metal construction , with a tricycle undercarriage . It was powered by two Turboméca Marboré mounted side by - side in the forward fuselage and fed from an intake in the nose , exhausting from nozzles just aft of the wing trailing edge . The crew of two was accommodated in tandem in a pressurized cockpit , the first to be Spanish built and designed . The prototype first flew on 12 August 1955 , and the first production aircraft flew in October 1962 . The HA - 200A aircraft were delivered to the Spanish Air Force with the designation E . 14 . A single seat version ( the HA - 220 ) for the ground - attack role was developed and delivered to the Spanish Air Force with the designation C . 10 , first flying on 25 April 1970 , remaining in service until the end of 1981 . The aircraft was built in Egypt under license as the Helwan HA - 200B Al - Kahira by the Helwan Air Works . Operational history . In 1970 , the HA - 200 replaced the aging CASA 2 . 111 ( a Spanish development of the Heinkel He - 111 ) in Escuadrón 462 on the Canary Islands . From there they flew on detachments to Spanish Sahara . Late in 1974 , during the Polisario uprisings , the planes flew their first combat missions . Polisario Front guerillas ambushed a police patrol from higher ground and caves , and held them pinned from their protected positions . Several T - 6Ds with machine guns and a couple of UH - 1 helicopters strafed the Polisario positions but with little effect . Very soon the first two Saetas arrived with 2 . 75 " FFARs . Diving at a 45 degree angle toward the cave entrances , the stability of the HA - 200 design proved itself without a doubt , as the rockets were observed flying straight into the caves . Following the initial rocket attacks , ground troops attempted to take the caves , but were pushed back . The next morning , the Saetas arrived once more , in the company of more T - 6s and UH - 1 troop carriers . The attack pattern from the previous day proved itself once more , with a Forward Air Controller ordering fire where it would be most useful . Rockets entered the caves through the 5 – 10 foot entrances , with very few missing their target . It seems one of the rockets set off some mortar rounds , as there were several very large explosions . Soon , ground troops once again attempted to take the caves , but this time there was hardly any resistance . Most of the guerillas had been killed by the rockets from the Saetas .
SS Heidberg Heidberg was a 1 , 714 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1943 by Helsingborgs Varfs AB , Helsingborg , Sweden . In 1945 , she was seized by the Allies at Stettin , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and was renamed Empire Convention . She was allocated to the Soviet Union in 1946 and renamed Ernst Thaelmann . Description . The ship was built in 1943 by Helsingborgs Varfs AB , Helsingborg . The ship was long , with a beam of and had a depth of . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Helsingborgs Varfs . History . " Heidberg " was built for August Bolten Wm Müllers Nachfolger , Hamburg . She was seized in May 1945 at Stettin , passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Convention " . Her port of registry was changed to London . She was placed under the management of Ellerman ' s Wilson Line Ltd . The Code Letters GMFM and United Kingdom Official Number 180342 were allocated . In February 1946 , " Empire Douglas " was transferred to the Soviet Union under the Potsdam Agreement . She was renamed " Ernst Thaelmann " .
Kosmos 520 Kosmos 520 ( meaning " Cosmos 520 " ) was the first Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite . It was launched in 1972 as part of the Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 520 was launched from Site 41 / 1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 19 : 19 UTC on 19 September 1972 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1972 - 072A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 06192 .