naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Song Yi ( Qin Dynasty ) Song Yi ( died 207 BC ) was a minister of the insurgent Chu kingdom during the final years of the Qin Dynasty . Biography . Song Yi joined Xiang Liang ' s insurgent Chu kingdom around 209 BC , when rebellions broke out throughout China to overthrow the Qin Dynasty . In 208 BC , Xiang Liang found Xiong Xin , a descendant of the royal family of Chu , and installed him on the throne of Chu as King Huai II . After engaging Qin forces in various battles , Xiang Liang began to grow contemptuous of the enemy due to the small amount of resistance that he encountered . Song Yi warned Xiang Liang that his overconfidence and his troops ' inattentiveness would lead to defeat against the Qin army . At that time , the Lord of Gaoling ( 高陵君 ) , an envoy from the insurgent Qi kingdom , was travelling to Chu and he encountered Song Yi along the way . Song Yi told him to slow down his pace because he was sure that Xiang Liang would meet his downfall . Song Yi ' s prediction was right as Xiang Liang was killed in action against the Qin army , led by Zhang Han , at the Battle of Dingtao . The Lord of Gaoling met King Huai II later and recommended Song Yi to the king , saying that Song " may indeed be said to understand the art of warfare . " The king summoned Song Yi and discussed strategic issues with him , after which he appointed Song Yi as commander - in - chief of his army , with Xiang Yu ( Xiang Liang ' s nephew ) and Fan Zeng serving as his deputies . Song Yi was commissioned to lead an army to reinforce the Zhao kingdom , which was under attack by Qin . In 207 BC , the army reached Anyang ( 安陽 ; southeast of present - day Cao County , Heze , Shandong ) and Song Yi ordered them to halt and wait for 46 days without making further movement . As the Zhao capital Handan was under siege by Qin forces , Xiang Yu advised an immediate crossing of the Yellow River to attack the Qin army , but Song Yi ignored him , preferring to move when Zhao and Qin were exhausted from fighting each other . Song Yi then gave an order that any man who was " fierce as a tiger , recalcitrant as a ram , greedy as a wolf , so headstrong they will not submit to orders " should be decapitated , hinting that the assassination of Xiang Yu would be agreeable to him . He sent his son , Song Xiang , to the Qi kingdom , and accompanied his son to a drinking party at Wuyan ( 無鹽 ; east of present - day Dongping County , Tai ' an , Shandong ) . Xiang Yu was angry with Song Yi and he gave a speech to the other generals , decrying Song ' s extravagance and unconcerned attitude towards military affairs . The next morning , when entering the commander ' s tent to make his morning report , Xiang Yu took Song Yi by surprise and killed him , seizing Song ' s command of the army . Xiang Yu then denounced Song Yi for committing treason , saying that Song was plotting with Qi against Chu , and his execution was authorised by the king .
Hai ( midget submarine ) The Hai ( shark ) was an advanced model of the " Marder " - class midget submarine s created in Germany during World War II and operated by the K - Verband . Its prototype performed poorly during test runs and therefore no other boats were produced . The " Hai " was eleven meters long and its length allowed for larger batteries , giving it the maximum speed of twenty knots under water . In addition , the " Hai " could remain under water for up to two hours .
First Cadre Company First Cadre Company ( ) was a military formation created by Józef Piłsudski at the outbreak of World War I , on August 3 , 1914 in Kraków , from members of the Riflemen ' s Association and the Polish Rifle Squads . The company numbered 144 soldiers under command of Tadeusz Kasprzycki . The formation departed for combat on August 6 , the day Austro - Hungarian Empire declared war on Russian Empire . It took Miechów and Michałowice , and a major town of Kielce ( on 12 August ) , but failed to break through the Russians lines and liberate the pre - partition Polish capital of Warsaw . By the end of August it joined main Austrian forces , and became the foundation of the Polish Legions in World War I .
Luis Cruz Martínez Luis Cruz Martinez ( Villa de Molina , Chile , 5 August 1866 - Concepción , Perú , July 10 of 1882 ) was a lieutenant of the 6th . second company of Regiment " Chacabuco " and hero of the Battle of La Concepción , during the War of the Pacific in 1882 , in a Peruvian territory . Biography . Luis Cruz Martinez was the natural son of the widow Martina Martinez Franco and Severo de la Cruz Vergara , a rich landowner . He was baptized in the Parish Church of Curicó on 7 August 1866 by Father Celedonio Galvez , with the sister of his father being the godmother . As a classmate of his recounts : When war broke out , during the fourth year of studying humanities at the secondary school at Curicó , Luis Cruz Martinez was the top student in his class . Vast memory , clear intelligence , yet too tender , and exemplary conduct , were the facilities that predicted the student a solid future . He joined the Curicó regiment , ascending in 1880 to the rank Sergeant 2° , and participated in the Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos and the Battle of Miraflores . At the beginning of the war Cruz was so young he could barely raise his rifle to shoulder height , and was so short and weak , his comrades jokingly gave the nickname of " el cabo Tachuela . " In January 1882 he was posted to 4th company under the command of Ignacio Carrera Pinto . The unit was in charge of the garrison of the town of Concepción . During the campaign of the Breña , Juan Gastó ( the Colonel of the Army of Peru ) made an attack on the village of Concepción . On defense Carrera - Pinto had just 77 men of the 4th company Chacabuco regiment , with little ammunition , one hundred rounds per man , and also three women who followed their husbands , one of whom was pregnant . On Sunday July 9 Gasto ' s frontline , which had about 300 regular soldiers and an unknown number of Indians , descended on the town of Concepción . Carrera - Pinto closed the entrances to the plaza and fought in it , but after nightfall had to retreat to the barracks . The battle continued throughout the night , and lasted twenty hours until the next day . Although they were losing battle Carrera - Pinto would not surrender , following the example of Arturo Prat Chacón . According to General Andrés Avelino Cáceres in his memoirs : " . . . ( the Chilean enemy ) continued defending with unprecedented ferocity . . . " Captain Ignacio Carrera - Pinto died fighting at dawn on Monday , 10 July . Lieutenant Luis Cruz Martinez then ascended to occupy Carrera ' s post as commander . The Peruvians were able to set fire to the thatched roof of the barracks and managed to open their walls , through which they entered . Estanislao del Canto Arteaga , according to the testimony of two witnesses , describes the end of the battle : Lieutenant Cruz was found in the Plaza de Concepción naked , his hands shredded , due to sustained knife combat . The school in which he studied in Curicó today is named Liceo Luis Cruz Martinez in honor of Cruz . The school dates from 1838 and is the most important and prestigious high school in that city .
Władysław Broniewski Władysław Broniewski ( December 17 , 1897 , Płock – February 10 , 1962 , Warsaw ) was a Polish poet and soldier . Life . As a young man Broniewski joined the legions of Piłsudski and returned to the army just a few years later , to defend Poland against the invasion by Soviet Union . He fought in the Polish - Bolshevik War and was decorated with the order Virtuti Militari , the highest Polish order for bravery on the battle - field . In the 1930s , his sympathies were to the political left . When Poland has been attacked in 1939 by Germany , he wrote an important poem encouraging Poles to put away political differences and fight the aggressors . While Poland has been attacked by Soviet Union and the whole Eastern Borderlands were occupied by the Soviets , Broniewski found himself in occupied by the Russians Lwów . At first , he published his poems in the newspaper published by the Soviets , but soon he was arrested by NKVD on the trumped - up charges of " hooliganism " and after four months transported to the Lubianka prison in Moscow , where he spent further thirteen months . After the World War II , in Poland ruled by the pro - Moscow communist regime , he compromised by writing in 1951 an important politically narrative poem " Słowo o Stalinie " ( " A Word about Stalin " ) . Subsequently , Broniewski became an important political figure and was proclaimed by the authorities as a foremost national poet . Still , Broniewski managed to obtain a certain degree of independence , and some of his poems from this period certify to his talent . He has been also a talented translator of poetry and prose translating , among others , Dostoyevsky , Yesenin , Mayakovsky and Brecht . During the last years of his life his health had been ruined by alcohol abuse . He died in Warsaw .
SNCASE Durandal The SNCASE SE - 212 Durandal was a French jet and rocket mixed - power fighter aircraft of the mid - 1950s . Designed in parallel with the lightweight fighter - bomber projects destined for the 1953 NATO Fighter Competition that resulted in the winner , the Fiat G . 91 and a number of " also - rans . " The SE - 212 arose out of the same thinking but devolved into a dedicated point - defence interceptor . Despite promising results in tests , the project was cancelled . Design and development . The SNCASE design team under Pierre Satre , worked on studies for a lightweight mixed - power interceptor fighter from late 1951 . The designs produced a small 60° delta aircraft powered by a SNECMA Atar 101F jet engine equipped with afterburning . The aircraft ' s speed at height was to be boosted by a SEPR 75 rocket motor . Armament was to be a single " one - shot " AA - 20 missile carried underneath the Durandal ' s centreline . Alternative armament was to be two 30 mm cannon or 24 SNEB rockets . Two prototype aircraft were built , the first flying on 20 April 1956 at Istres , without the rocket motor being fitted . The second Durandal was flown on 30 March 1957 . During flight testing , a speed of was attained at without the rocket motor , and 1667 km / h at 11 , 800 m with the rocket lit . These tests were achieved without armament being fitted . The second Durandal , aircraft No . 02 , was statically displayed at the Paris Air Show at Paris Le Bourget Airport in May 1957 with the AA - 20 missile underneath the aircraft . Cancellation . The SE - 212 test programme was terminated in 1958 and no further production was undertaken . Sections of the first aircraft were held in store during 2006 by the Musée de l ' Air et de l ' Espace at Le Bourget .
Marcus Ervine - Andrews Lieutenant Colonel Harold Marcus Ervine - Andrews VC ( 29 July 1911 , Keadue , County Cavan , Ireland – 30 March 1995 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was educated by the Jesuits at Stonyhurst College , Lancashire and is one of seven recipients of the VC who were educated at Stonyhurst . Details . He was 28 years old , and a captain in The East Lancashire Regiment , British Army during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . During the night of 31 May / 1 June 1940 , near Dunkirk , France , the company commanded by Captain Ervine - Andrews was heavily outnumbered and under intense German fire . When the enemy attacked at dawn and crossed the Canal de Bergues , Ervine - Andrews , with volunteers from his company , rushed to a barn and from the roof shot 11 of the enemy with a rifle and many more with a Bren gun . When the barn was shattered and alight , he sent the wounded to the rear and led the remaining eight men back , wading for over a mile in water up to their chins . The group of eight , including privates Jago and Singleton , traveled through rough enemy lines to the blood - soaked beaches and finally escaped back to Britain on 4 June 1940 . Victoria Cross citation . The announcement and accompanying citation for the decoration was published in supplement to the London Gazette on the 30th July 1940 , reading Family . Harold Ervine - Andrews married Emily Torrie in 1939 with whom he had two children ; a girl born in 1941 and a boy in 1943 . Their marriage was dissolved in 1952 . She died in 1975 , thus permitting him to remarry , in 1981 , to Margaret Gregory . This union was childless . Post - World War II . Ervine - Andrews attempted to return home to his native County Cavan after the war , but was driven out by local members of the IRA and later settled in Cornwall . He later achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . The last Irish VC to die , he died on 30 March 1995 , aged 83 . His memorial is at Stonyhurst College , Clitheroe , Lancashire . His VC is held at Blackburn Museum . Sources . Listed in order of publication year :
French ship Dupuy de Lôme ( A759 ) The Dupuy de Lôme ( A759 ) , named after the 19th century engineer Dupuy de Lôme , is a ship designed for the collection of signals and communications beyond enemy lines , which entered the service of the French Navy in April 2006 . In contrast to the " Bougainville " , the ship that she replaced , the " Dupuy de Lôme " was specifically designed for sea intelligence , pursuant to the MINREM project ( " Moyen Interarmées Naval de recherche ElectroMagnétique " , " Joint Naval Resources for Electromagnetic Research " ) . Design . The " Dupuy de Lôme " was designed by Thales Naval France on civilian standards . She provides a 350 - day - operational availability a year , out of which 240 can be spent at sea . The ship is operated by two Navy crews , each composed of 33 sailors and 33 technicians , and an optional complement of up to 38 specialists , depending on the mission . The specialised personnel operates under the Direction du renseignement militaire .
Interrupted screw An interrupted screw or interrupted thread is a mechanical device typically used in the breech of artillery guns . It was invented circa 1845 . It is a screw that has a section of thread along its axis removed . The screw is mated with a hole at the rear of the weapon ' s chamber ; i . e . , where the screw has threads the hole does not , and vice versa . The screw can thus be smoothly inserted all the way into the gun , after which as little as of a turn can engage the two sets of threads securely , sealing the breech . Interrupted screws are occasionally seen in loose gunpowder rifles , as this mechanism was historically one of the few practical ways to achieve a gas - proof seal with a breech - loading firearm that does not employ cartridges . An earlier method was the use of a wedge to block the rear of the gun . Sealing was further improved with the de Bange obturator in 1872 . The major weakness of the original designs was that only half of the circumference of the breechblock could be threaded , hence a fairly long breechblock was still required to achieve a secure lock . Axel Welin solved this problem with his stepped interrupted screw design : the Welin breech block of 1890 . This design has threads of the block and breech cut in steps of successively larger radius . This allows e . g . a breechblock with 4 steps to allow 4 / 5 of the block circumference to be threaded , allowing for a much shorter breechblock while still only requiring 1 / 5 turn to open or close . This is the basic design still in use with bagged charge artillery .
Sir George Brooke - Pechell , 4th Baronet Vice - Admiral Sir George Richard Brooke - Pechell , 4th Baronet ( 30 June 1789 – 29 June 1860 ) , born George Richard Pechell , was a British Royal Navy officer and Whig politician . He was a Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Brighton for 35 years . Sir George was the second son of Major - General Sir Thomas Brooke - Pechell , 2nd Baronet ( 1753 – 1826 ) , who was the MP for Downton , and his wife Charlotte ( died 1841 ) , second daughter of Lieutenant - General Sir John Clavering . His older brother Rear - Admiral Sir Samuel Pechell inherited the baronetcy , but died childless in 1849 , and George succeeded to the title . Pechell entered the navy in 1803 , aged 14 , and attained the rank of captain in 1826 . He became a rear - admiral on the retired list in December 1852 , and vice - admiral on 5 January 1858 . He was unsuccessfully contested Brighton at the 1832 general election , but won the seat at the 1835 general election and held it until his death on 29 June 1860 , on the day before his 71st birthday . In Parliament he spoke on a range of issues , particularly those on those relating to the navy and to fishing . He supported the secret ballot , non - denominational education for all , and opposed church rates . He married Katherine Annabella Bishopp , daughter of Sir Cecil Bisshopp , 12th Lord Zouche , on 1 August 1826 . They had one son and two daughters . Brooke - Pechell lived at Castle Goring in Sussex from 1825 , when he let the building from Sir Timothy Shelley , father of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and Member of Parliament for New Shoreham . In 1845 , Brooke - Pechell bought the property from Percy Bysshe Shelley ' s widow Mary Shelley .
18th Ohio Battery 18th Ohio Independent Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized in Portsmouth , Ohio and mustered in September 13 , 1862 for a three - year enlistment under Captain Charles C . Aleshire . The battery was attached to 2nd Division , Army of Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to February 1863 . 2nd Brigade , Baird ' s Division , Army of Kentucky , Department of the Cumberland , to June 1863 . Artillery , 1st Division , Reserve Corps , Army of the Cumberland , to October 1863 . 1st Division , Artillery Reserve , Department of the Cumberland , to March 1864 . 2nd Division , Artillery Reserve , Department of the Cumberland , to December 1864 . Unassigned , District of the Etowah , Department of the Cumberland , to January 1865 . Post of Chattanooga , Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to June 1865 . The 18th Ohio Battery mustered out of service on June 29 , 1865 . Detailed service . Left Ohio for Covington , Ky . , October 9 , 1862 . March to Lexington , Ky . , October 23 – 29 , 1862 , and duty there until December 26 . Moved to Louisville , Ky . , December 26 ; then to Nashville , Tenn . , arriving there February 7 , 1863 . Moved to Brentwood , Tenn . , February 21 . Expedition to Franklin and Spring Hill March 2 – 5 . Action at Franklin March 4 . Thompson ' s Station , Spring Hill , March 4 – 5 . Duty at Franklin until June . Repulse of Van Dorn ' s attack on Franklin April 10 . Moved to Triune June 2 . Action at Triune June 11 . Tullahoma Campaign June 23 - July 7 . Action at Fosterville , Guy ' s Gap and Shelbyville June 27 . Moved to Wartrace July 3 , and duty there until August 12 . Chickamauga Campaign August 16 - September 22 . Reconnaissance from Rossville September 17 . Ringgold , Ga . , September 17 . Spring Creek September 18 . Battle of Chickamauga September 19 – 20 . Siege of Chattanooga September 24 - November 23 . Battles of Chattanooga November 23 – 25 ; Lookout Mountain November 23 – 24 ; Missionary Ridge November 25 . Pursuit to Graysville November 26 – 28 . Ordered to Nashville , Tenn . , December 1 , and garrison duty there until October 1864 . March to Chattanooga October 6 – 21 . Moved to Nashville November 27 . Battles of Nashville December 15 – 16 . Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17 – 28 . Duty at Chattanooga , Tenn . , until May 1 , 1865 , and at Resaca , Ga . , until June 20 . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 23 enlisted men during service ; 2 killed and 22 died due to disease .
Flotilla A flotilla ( from Spanish , meaning a small " flota " ( fleet ) of ships , and this from French " flotte " ) , or naval flotilla , is a formation of small warship s that may be part of a larger fleet . A flotilla is usually composed of a homogeneous group of the same class of warship , such as frigates , destroyers , torpedo boats , submarines , gunboats , or minesweepers . Groups of larger warships are usually called squadrons , but similar units of non - capital ships may be called squadrons in some places and times , and flotillas in others . A flotilla is usually commanded by a Rear Admiral , a Commodore or a Captain , depending on the importance of the command ( a Vice Admiral would normally command a squadron ) . A flotilla is often divided into two or more divisions , each of which might be commanded by the most senior Commander . A flotilla is often , but not necessarily , a permanent formation . In modern navies , flotillas have tended to become administrative units containing several squadrons . As warships have grown larger , the term squadron has gradually replaced the term flotilla for formations of destroyers , frigates and submarines in many navies . A naval flotilla has no direct equivalent on land , but is , perhaps , the rough equivalent in value of a brigade or regiment . US Coast Guard . In the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary , a Flotilla is the basic organizational unit and consists of members at a local level where the majority of the work of the Auxiliary is done . A Flotilla is led by an elected Flotilla Commander assisted by an elected Vice Flotilla Commander , who is in turn assisted by appointed Flotilla Staff Officers . A Coast Guard Auxiliary Division consists of multiple Flotillas and a District consists of multiple Divisions . Auxiliary Districts are organized along Coast Guard District lines and are administered by a Coast Guard officer ( usually a Commander or Captain ) who is called the Director of the Auxiliary . Russian Navy . In the Russian Navy , the word " flotilla " has tended to be used for " brown - water " naval units - those operating not in the oceans and real seas , but in inland seas or rivers . Among the former are the present - day Caspian Flotilla , the early 20th century Satakundskaya Flotilla , or the Aral Flotilla of the 1850s ; among the latter , the Don Military Flotilla ( which was created several times over more than 200 years ) , the Red Volga Flotilla , which participated in the Kazan Operation during the Russian Civil War , or the Danube Military Flotilla . In the 18th century , the term also applied to the comparatively small fleets operating on those seas where Russia did not have much naval presence yet , e . g . the Okhotsk Flotilla . Non - military usage . The word flotilla has been used at times to refer to a small fleet of vessels , commercial or otherwise . There is also such thing as a flotilla holiday , in which is a group of chartered yachts that set sail together on the same route .