naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Azio - class minelayer The " Azio " - class minelayer was a class of 6 minelayers conceived in 1920 and built between 1924 and 1927 in Italy for the " Regia Marina " . The ships were conceived for colonial purposes and in this role they spent almost the whole Italian career . Some units were sold to the Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela where they served until their decommissioning and scrapping in the early 1950s . Project . These units had a standard displacement of 615t , between 708 and 718t in normal load , 954t full load ( 850t according to other sources ) . Their waterline length was , with a length overall of about , a beam of , a draught of between and . Steam was provided by 2 Thornycroft tube boilers and they were propelled by 2 vertical triple - expansion reciprocating steam engines with a power of ; they had 2 screws and a maximum speed of , giving a range of at 10 knots . The were manned by 5 officers and 66 ratings . Ships were built in Monfalcone , near Trieste , in the Cantiere Navale Triestino ( Trieste Shipyard ) . History . Ships of the class spent their Italian career on colonial duty , with " Lepanto " deployed to China . In 1937 " Milazzo " and " Dardanelli " were sold to the Venezuelan Navy in exchange of a great amount of naphtha for boilers . " Lepanto " was extensively used in China , and when the Second World War broke out , was still there unscathed , Italy being allied with Japan . After the surrender of Italy to the Allies on 8 September 1943 , " Lepanto " was scuttled by her crew , but was raised by the Japanese . She was renamed " Okitsu " ( Japanese : 興津 ) and used for escort duties for the rest of conflict . She was then seized by the Republic of China Navy and finally the People ' s Liberation Army Navy and renamed " Sien Ning " . In July 1950 " Sien Ning " seized a British merchantman . Struck in 1956 , the ship was scrapped in the same year . " Dardanelli " was rechristened " General Soublette " , while " Milazzo " become " General Urdaneta " . Both were reclassified gunboats . These units were the only relatively new vessels of the Venezuelan Navy , and spent their Venezuelan career patrolling territorial waters until their decommissioning in the late 1940s or early 1950s and scrapping .
Alessandro dal Borro Marchese Alessandro dal Borro ( born 22 April 1600 , Arezzo — died December 2 , 1656 , Corfu ) was a Tuscan nobleman and general . He became a Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire . Biography . He was the son of Girolamo dal Borro , captain and a noble from an illustrious family in Arezzo . He studied mathematics at the University of Florence . Destined for a military career , he took part in the Thirty Years ' War in the ranks of the company of Ottavio Piccolomini , captain for the Grand Duke of Siena , Cosimo II de Medici , sent to Germany to help the emperor Ferdinand II who was his brother . Del Borro gained many victories on the battlefield , and received for this two baronies and was admitted to the Bohemian nobility . Alessandro also fought in many campaigns against the Turks and earned the nickname " Terror of the Turks . " He fought also in the service of Spain and Venice . The Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand II de Medici called him back to Florence and named him commander of the army of the Grand Duchy . On July 29 , 1643 , for services rendered to the Grand Duchy , he gave him the marquisate of Borro . Alessandro del Borro returned to the service of the Venetians and died in 1656 in Corfu , as a result of wounds received in battle with Barbary pirates . In the management of his estate in Arezzo , he was succeeded by his son Nicholas de Borro ( 1644 - 1690 ) , like his father a career soldier who also died in battle .
Battle of Paranthan The Battle of Paranthan was a military conflict over control of Paranthan , Sri Lanka between the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) as an engagement of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war . Fought from December 30 , 2008 to January 1 , 2009 , the Army announced on the January 1 that it had claimed the land . The Army indicated that it had previously claimed the town in September 1996 during the campaign of Sathjaya I and Sathjaya II , but had withdrawn for tactical reason in September 1998 .
Commanders of World War II The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers . They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare . Some political leaders , particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict , Adolf Hitler ( Germany ) , Joseph Stalin ( Soviet Union ) , Benito Mussolini ( Italy ) and Chiang Kai - shek ( China ) , acted as supreme military commanders as well as civil commanders of their respective countries or empires .
Japanese submarine I - 165 I - 165 was a Kaidai - class V submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Built at the Kure Naval Arsenal laid down as I - 65 on 19 December 1929 , launched on 2 June 1931 and completed on 1 December 1932 . She was redsignated I - 165 on 20 May 1942 . Converted to a Kaiten mother ship , she was sunk by a United States Navy patrol bomber on 27 June 1945 in the Mariana Islands at 15°28 ′ N 153°39 ′ E .
Anton Resch Anton Resch ( 26 November 1921 – 16 July 1975 ) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Anton Resch was credited with 91 victories . Career . He gained his first Soviet victory Il - 2 Sturmovik over the Eastern Front on October 21 , 1943 . On 27 January 1944 he was seriously wounded by Russian fighters , but returned to duty in June of that same year . On 26 August he recorded seven Soviet victories and other seven on 31 August 1944 . On 10 September 1944 was again wounded by Russian flak . After the war Resch was handed over to Soviets and spent many years in Soviet captivity . Anton Resch was credited with 91 victories , 64 of them over the Eastern Front , including 24 Il - 2 Sturmoviks and other 27 victories over the Western Front .
Catholic War Veterans Catholic War Veterans ( officially called the Catholic War Veterans of the United States of America ) is a national organization established in 1935 . History . In 1935 Father Edward J . Higgins held a meeting with a few parishioners from his parish , the Church of the Immaculate Conception in New York , who had served in World War I . This became the first Post of the Catholic War Veterans ( CWV ) On May 19 , 1935 the Catholic War Veterans of the United States of America was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York . In May 1935 Higgins met with Pope Pius XI , who bestowed his blessing on the organization .
Fire Shadow Fire Shadow is a missile designed by MBDA for the British Army . It is designed to loiter above a battlefield for up to 6 hours before attacking stationary or mobile targets . Design . Fire Shadow weighs less than 200 kg and is relatively low - cost . It is surface - launched , and has a range of approximately 100 km ; it can fly to a target area and then loiter for approximately six hours before precision attack on a specific target . Test launches have been performed from a trailer on land . A Royal Navy brochure in January 2009 pointed out that Fire Shadow is " compatible with the space envelope " of the SYLVER vertical launch system of the Type 45 destroyer , but this option has not been mentioned since the SDSR of 2010 . Instead MBDA have pursued Maritime Fire Shadow as a private venture , with no customers as yet . Their marketing materials at DSEi in September 2011 showed what appeared to be a similar launcher to that used on land , lashed to the helicopter deck of a frigate or helicopter carrier . Deployment . The first complete test - firing ( a test of flight , navigation , and control systems ) was on 21 November 2010 , at Vidsel in Sweden , followed by a second on 13 May 2011 . Operator training started in 2011 , with the first deliveries of production systems in March 2012 . It was planned that 39th Regiment Royal Artillery would be the first unit to receive the system , and would deploy it in Afghanistan in 2012 . MBDA have reported " discussions with a number of customers to try and secure wider interest in the programme " .
Border War ( 1910 – 19 ) The Border War , or the Border Campaign , refers to the military engagements which took place in the Mexican - American border region of North America during the Mexican Revolution . The Bandit War in Texas was part of the Border War . From the beginning of the Mexican Revolution in 1910 , the United States Army was stationed in force along the border and on several occasions fought with Mexican rebels or federals . The height of the conflict came in 1916 when revolutionary Pancho Villa attacked the American border town of Columbus , New Mexico . In response , the United States Army , under the direction of General John J . Pershing , launched an expedition into northern Mexico , to find and capture Villa . Though the operation was successful in finding and engaging the Villista rebels , the revolutionary himself escaped and the American army returned to the United States in January 1917 . Conflict at the border continued however and the United States launched several more smaller operations into Mexican territory until 1919 when violence decreased significantly after the Battle of Ambos Nogales . Conflict was not only subject to Villistas and Americans ; Maderistas , Carrancistas , Constitutionalistas and Germans also engaged in battle with American forces during this period .
4th Blackshirt Division ( 3 January ) The 4th CCNN Division " 3 Gennaio " ( CCNN standing for Camicie Nere , Blackshirts ) was one of seven Black Shirt Divisions that were organized and fought in the Second Italo - Abyssinian War . Its commander was Generale di Divisione Alessandro Traditi . The name " 3 Gennaio " ( " 3 January " ) was given in honor of the date of assumption of dictatorial powers by Benito Mussolini on 3 January 1925 . Order of Battle ( 3 October 1935 ) . 4th " 3 Gennaio " Blackshirts Division Notes : Order of Battle ( 9 December 1940 ) . Notes :
Johannes J . Johannessen Johannes J . Johannessen ( May 13 , 1872 – November 14 , 1915 ) was a sailor serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Johannessen was born May 13 , 1872 in Bodø , Norway and after immigrating to the United States he joined the navy . He was stationed aboard the as a chief watertender when , on January 25 , 1905 a manhole plate blew out of boiler D . For his actions received the Medal of Honor March 20 , 1905 . He died November 14 , 1915 and is buried in Cypress Hills National Cemetery Brooklyn , New York . His grave can be found in section 2 , grave 7425 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Chief Watertender , U . S . Navy . Born : 13 May 1872 , Bodø , Norway . Enlisted at : Yokohama , Japan . G . O . No . : 182 , 20 March 1905 . Citation : Serving on board the U . S . S . Iowa , for extraordinary heroism at the time of the blowing out of the manhole plate of boiler D on board that vessel , 25 January 1905 .
16th Virginia Cavalry The 16th Virginia Cavalry was present at Gettysburg . It was part of General Jenkins ' Brigade that itself was part of General Jeb Stuart ' s Cavalry Division of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia . The 16th Virginia Cavalry has its place in American history , perhaps a regrettable one , as the Confederate unit that caused the first Union casualty on Union soil - Corporal William Rihl .
Caudill ' s Army Caudill ' s Army was the name of a Confederate force from South Eastern Kentucky during the American Civil War that included the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles ( designated the 13th Kentucky Cavalry in March 1865 ) commanded by Colonel Benjamin E . Caudill . An element of the Army of Tennessee and which served at times under General John Hunt Morgan ' s command . The force was active in the battle of Leatherwood and the Battle of Marion .
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha Ahmed Jawdat Pasha ( 22 March 1822 – 25 May 1895 ) was a famous Ottoman Turkish statesman , historian , sociologist , and legist , from Turks in Bulgaria . Biography . Ahmed Jawdat Pasha was born in Lofça , Lovech , today Bulgaria on 22 March 1822 . He went to Istanbul to complete his education at a religious college in 1839 . Mathematics and astronomy intrigued Ahmed Cevdet Pasha . During the holidays , he read many works on arithmetic , algebra , geometry , and astronomy . He made arrangements with a teacher in the Imperial Military Engineering School ( Mühendishane - i Berri - i Humayun ) to instruct him in modern mathematics and read with him the engineering journals and Ishak Efendi ' s works on the mathematics . In 1844 / 45 , he became qadi ( judge ) and then the juridical adviser to the grand vizier ( Ottoman prime minister ) , Mustafa Reşid Paşa , from 1846 to 1858 . He played an important role in the preparation of " Mecelle " , the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , which was the first codification of Islamic law with Western standards . Cevdet Pasha oversaw the formulation of the " Mecelle " . He is also well known for a book on Ottoman history , now known as " Cevdet Paşa Tarihi " ( " History of Cevdet Pasha " ) . His daughter Fatma Aliye Topuz ( 1862 - 1936 ) is credited as the first female writer of the literature of Turkey and the Islamic geography . Other daughter Emine Semiye ( 1864 - 1944 ) was one of the first Turkish feminists . The third daughter Reya Mardin is the mother of leading sociologist and political scientist Şerif Mardin . Son Ali Sedad ( 1857 - 1900 ) was a Logician . Ahmed Cevdet Pasha died in Istanbul on 25 May 1895 . His grave is located in the graveyard of the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul . For further reading . Turks in Bulgaria
Close Combat Clasp The Close Combat Clasp ( ) is a German military award instituted on 25 November 1942 for achievement in hand to hand fighting in close quarters . The Close Combat Clasp was worn above the upper left uniform pocket . The clasp was die - cast and made of either tombac or later zinc , with a slightly curved and hand centerpiece consisting of the national emblem surmounting a crossed bayonet and hand grenade . Criteria . The award was bestowed in three classes : In order to receive this distinguished decoration , all battles and their dates had to be officially documented by the battle commander , verified by the general in charge and authenticated by several divisions of the war department . It was possible that more than one close combat battle per day was fought and therefore recorded as a separate entity . An exemption was made if the soldier was wounded in battle so badly that his injuries precluded a return to the front . In such a case , the criteria were reduced to 10 , 20 and 40 battles . The highest number of battles in combat recorded is listed at 84 by SS - Hauptscharführer Hermann Maringgele . The Gold Close Combat Clasp was often regarded in higher esteem than the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross by the German infantry . Of the roughly 18 – 20 million soldiers of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen - SS , 36 , 400 received the Bronze Class , 9 , 500 the Silver Class and 631 the Gold Class . In 1944 a version for the German Air Force was created to note the increasing number of Air Force personnel and paratroopers taking part in direct combat . Design . The decoration was designed by the military artist Wilhelm Ernst Peekhaus . Normally on the reverse left side of all CCC you will find the " FEC " meaning from the Latin " Fecit " ( made by ) followed by " W . E . Peekhaus " ( the artist name ) and Berlin . On the right side the manufacturer ' s logo or name . The badge was die - cast and made of only Zinc , depending on the manufacturer the clasp is straight or slightly curved . The design shows a central motif consisting of the national emblem surmounting a crossed bayonet and hand grenade . The centerpiece was cut out and backed with a thin , flat square steel , crimped in place on the reverse . The badge was lacquered with a composition called " Brennlack , " which was a powdered metal . When oven heated the paint was burned , leaving a metallic type coating that will flake off with time . The pins are normally wider in the center , tapering at the ends . The length of the CCC varies between 95 to 97mm . The weight could be anything between 24 and 37gms depending on the metal used .
USS Moinester ( FF - 1097 ) The USS " Moinester " ( FF - 1097 ) was a Knox class frigate . It was propelled by one Westinghouse steam turbine with a total of 35 , 000 shp . It was decommissioned and sold to the Egyptian Navy and the Moinester became the Egyptian frigate " Rasheed " ( F966 ) . , " Rasheed " remained active in the Egyptian Navy . " Moinester " was the only ship of the Knox class with a dehydrator unit installed on her reduction gears .
Battle of Ramla ( 1105 ) The third Battle of Ramla ( or Ramleh ) took place on 27 August 1105 between the Crusade r Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt . The town of Ramla lay on the road from Jerusalem to Ascalon , the latter of which was the largest Fatimid fortress in Palestine . From Ascalon the Fatimid vizier , Al - Afdal Shahanshah , launched almost annual attacks into the newly founded Crusader kingdom from 1099 to 1107 . Of the three battles the Crusaders fought at Ramla early in the twelfth century , the third was the most bloody . Egyptian armies of the period relied on masses of Sudanese bowmen supported by Arab and Berber cavalry . Since the archers were on foot and the horsemen awaited attack with lance and sword , an Egyptian army provided exactly the sort of immobile target that the Frankish heavy cavalry excelled in attacking . Whereas the Crusaders developed a healthy respect for the harass and surround tactics of the Turkish horse archers , they tended to discount the effectiveness of the Egyptian armies . While overconfidence led to a Crusader disaster at the second battle of Ramla , the more frequent result was a Fatimid defeat . " The Franks never , until the reign of Saladin , feared the Egyptian as they did the armies from Muslim Syria and Mesopotamia . " As at Ramla in 1101 , in 1105 the Crusaders had both cavalry and infantry under the leadership of Baldwin I . At the third battle , however , the Egyptians were reinforced by a Seljuk Turkish force from Damascus , including mounted archery , the great menace of the Crusaders . After they withstood the initial Frankish cavalry charge the battle raged for most of the day . Although Baldwin was once again able to drive the Egyptians from the field of battle and loot the enemy camp he was unable to pursue them any further : " the Franks appear to have owed their victory to the activity of Baldwin . He vanquished the Turks when they were becoming a serious threat to his rear , and returned to the main battle to lead the decisive charge which defeated the Egyptians . " Despite the victory the Egyptians continued to make annual raids into the Kingdom of Jeruselum with some reaching the walls of Jerusalem itself before being pushed back . The next major engagement between Fatimids and Crusaders was the Battle of Yibneh in 1123 .
Hans Henric von Essen Count Hans Henrik von Essen ( September 26 , 1755 – June 28 , 1824 ) was a Swedish officer , courtier and statesman . Hans Henrik von Essen was born at Kavlås Castle in Tidaholm Municipality , Västra Götaland County , Sweden . He was educated at Uppsala University . He entered the army becoming a cornet at age 18 . He accompanied Gustav III in his travels and campaigns . He accompanied Gustav III at the 1792 maskerade ball at the Royal Opera House in Stockholm on March 16 , 1792 where the king was shot and mortally injured . Hans Henrik von Essen was credited with immediately ordering the doors to the ball room to be locked , in order not to let the assassin get away . In 1788 , Hans Henric von Essen was the center of a scandal at the royal court . He had for about then years been involved in a relationship with the famous lady - in - waiting Augusta von Fersen . In 1788 , however , he proposed to Charlotta Eleonora De Geer ( 1771 - 1798 ) and was accepted . His proposal was met with great dislike within the royal court because of sympathy with the popular Augusta von Fersen , and he was challenged to a duel by captain count Adolph Ribbing . Ribbing had also proposed to De Geer but had been decklined by her father , which he refused to accept as he believed he had reasons to think that De Geer preferred him and that Essen had proposed because of economic reasons , as De Geer was very wealthy , and as von Essen ' s proposal and marriage plans was commonly disliked within the court . The duel took place in the royal riding house in the presence of several officers and led to the defeat of von Essen , who was slightly injured . The duel was regarded as a scandal and a crime against the King Hans Henrik von Essen was appointed Colonel in 1787 , Major General in 1795 and Field Marshal in 1811 . He served as the Over - Governor of Stockholm from 1795 to 1797 and as the Governor - General of Pomerania from 1800 to 1809 . Upon the revolution of 1809 he received the title of count and a place in the Council of State . In 1810 he was sent as Ambassador to Paris by Charles XIII , and his negotiations with Napoleon ' s ministers restored Pomerania to Sweden . In 1814 , Hans Henrik von Essen served as the commander of the Swedish military forces at the border with Norway . By the Treaty of Kiel , the King of Denmark had to cede Norway to the King of Sweden , due to the alliance of Denmark - Norway with France during the later phases of the Napoleonic Wars . This treaty was however not accepted by the Norwegians . The Norwegian - Swedish War of 1814 was fought in the summer of 1814 . Subsequently the Convention of Moss was signed resulting in the Union between Sweden and Norway . Hans Henrik von Essen served as the Governor - general of Norway until he was succeeded by Count Carl Carlsson Mörner during 1816 .
Asp ( rocket ) Asp is the designation of an American sounding rocket . Between 1955 and 1962 these were used 30 times to study the explosion clouds of nuclear bomb s . The Asp has a payload ability of 11 kg , a maximum flight height of 110 km , a takeoff thrust of 42 . 00 kN , a mass of 111 kg , a diameter of 0 . 17 m , a length of 3 . 68 m and a fin span of 0 . 51 m . After 1962 the Asp rocket was used in connection with other sounding rockets . The Asp was manufactured by Cooper Development Corporation , California . The solid propellant motor was made by Grand Central Rocket company and was used for a variety of uses , including research into hypersonic speed . For a time it was considered as a missile .