38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade ( United States ) The 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade provided an air defense umbrella throughout the Republic of Korea from 25 May 1961 to 31 July 1981 . It existed as a coast artillery brigade in Word War One and Two . History . World War I . The 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade was constituted in June 1918 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , 38th Artillery Brigade in Camp Eustis , Virginia ( now Fort Eustis ) . The unit later sailed to Brest , France and was assigned to Services and Supply . It remained there until the end of World War I when it returned to the United States for demobilization at Fort Monroe , Virginia in February 1919 . Fourteen years later , in October 1933 , the unit was reconstituted as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery , 38th Coast Artillery Brigade . World War II . At the time of the United States ' entry into World War II , the 38th Coastal Artillery Brigade was located in Camp Stewart , Georgia , ( now Fort Stewart ) and was deployed in the European Theater . It underwent another reorganization in September 1943 , when it became Headquarters and Headquarters Battery , 38th Anti - Aircraft Brigade . The 38th Anti - Aircraft Brigade won campaign streamer s for participation in the Normandy , Ardennes - Alsace , Rhineland , Northern France and Central Europe Campaigns . At the end of the war ( 1945 ) , the 38th Anti - Aircraft Brigade was inactivated in Germany . Cold War . The brigade was re - activated in March 1951 at Fort Bliss , Texas , where it remained until inactivation in May 1953 . At that time , the unit ' s personnel and equipment were transferred to the new 1st Guided Missile Brigade . The unit was re - designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery , 38th Artillery Brigade ( Air Defense ) on 20 March 1961 , and with the assignment of air defense battalions and missile systems was activated in the Pacific area . The brigade was under the operational control of Commander , Air Force Korea and had operational command and control of U . S . and South Korean air defense forces in Korea . On 15 March 1972 , the brigade was re - designated 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade . The brigade headquarters , along with the headquarters of the 314th Air Division and the Republic of Korea ( ROK ) Air Force were collocated at Osan Air Base . The 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade , along with the 1st Battalion , 2nd ADA was inactivated in July 1981 and its HAWK missile systems and associated " equipment held by the US units were transferred cost - free to the Republic of Korea Army , who assumed primary responsibility for the air defense mission . ” The only surviving battalion , " 2nd Bn , 71st ADA , whose sector covers the northern reaches of the ROK , was reassigned on 16 July 1981 to the US Army Elm [ sic ] , Combined Field Army ( ROK / US ) , pending transfer of its weapon / equipment and missions to ROKA in mid - 1982 . On 31 July 1981 , following over 20 years of air defense coverage for the ROK , the 38th ADA Brigade ' s Headquarters was inactivated at Osan AB . An enormously important task bearing directly on the security environment of the Korean Peninsula had been successfully completed . " Structure . At the time of its inactivation , the brigade comprised the following units : Centered vertically on a shield 2 inches ( 5 . 08 cm ) in width and 2 3 / 4 inches ( 6 . 99 cm ) in height divided from upper left to lower right the upper portion red and the lower yellow with a 1 / 8 inch ( . 32 cm ) border , a white gauntleted fist grasping a lightning bolt yellow above and red below . The partition line represents the division of the Korean Peninsula by the DMZ . The gauntlet represents the protection offered by the Brigade , the lightning bolt the swift retaliation against any hostile air attack . The colors , red and yellow , are for the Air Defense Artillery . The shoulder sleeve insignia was originally approved for the 38th Artillery Brigade on 2 June 1961 . It was redesignated for the 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade on 3 April 1972 . ( TIOH Dwg . No . A - 1 - 281 ) A gold color metal and enamel device 1 1 / 8 inches ( 2 . 86 cm ) in height consisting of Yang Ying symbol in the colors of the Republic of Korea surmounted by a gold fleur - de - lis with the center stem extending over the top and behind a gold scroll at base inscribed in black “ BY VALOR AND POWER . ” Scarlet and gold are for Air Defense Artillery and the fleur - de - lis and blue are used to represent France and denote the unit ’ s service there during World War I . The Yang Ying symbol or Taeguk is from the Korean flag and refers to the organization ’ s service during that war , while the silhouette of the device simulates a helmet and alludes to the unit ’ s origin and descent from the 38th Coast Artillery which had a helmet on its badge . The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 38th Artillery Brigade on 7 February 1967 . It was redesignated for the 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade on 3 April 1972 . Notable members . Lt . Gen . Kevin T . Campbell < br > Lt . Gen . Larry J . Dodgen < br > Laurie York Erskine < br > Gen . Lyman L . Lemnitzer < br > Lt . Gen . John Taylor Lewis