naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
11th Alpini Regiment The 11th Alpini Regiment ( ) was a light Infantry regiment of the Italian Army , specializing in Mountain Combat . The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army , that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II . History . Formation . On 22 December 1935 the 11th Alpini was formed in the city of Bruneck with existing battalions from other Alpini regiments : On 1 January 1936 the regiment was subordinated to the newly created 5th Alpine Division " Pusteria " and sent with the division to Eritrea to fight in the Second Italo - Abyssinian War Ethiopia . For the war the " Pusteria " had been augmented by the " Exilles " and " Intra " battalions and four artillery batteries form the 1st Alpine Division " Taurinense " . The " Pusteria " participated in all battles of the Northern Theater and the 11th regiment distinguished itself during the Battle of Amba Aradam , for which it received it first Bronze Medal of Military Valor . The division returned to the Italy in 1937 and was honored with a parade through the streets of Rome on 13 March 1937 . World War II . After its return the regiment was reorganized , returning two battalions to their original regiments . As replacement the regiment received an existing battalion and raised another one . Thus as of 11 April 1937 the new structure of the regiment was : On 21 June 1940 ( one day before the French surrender ) the " Pusteria " division began to advance into southern France during the last days of the Battle of France . Afterwards the 11th Alpini was sent to Albania , where it participated in the Italian attack on Greece . After the German invasion of Yugoslavia the " Pusteria " and its units were sent to Montenegro were the division was decimated in heavy fighting against Yugoslavian Partisans . In August 1942 , the division was repatriated and after two months of rest participated in Case Anton , the Axis occupation of Vichy France . Afterwards the " Pusteria " took up garrison duties in the southern region of Provence . After the signing of the Italian armistice with the Allies on 8 September 1943 part of the division surrendered to German forces in Southern France while other units managed to return to the Italian region of Piedmont were they disbanded . 1990s . With the reintroduction of the regimental level in the Italian Army in 1991 / 1992 the regiment was reformed on 8 August 1992 in Bruneck as part of the Alpine Brigade Tridentina . The regiment consisted of just one battalion the " Trento " battalion and was moved to the nearby village of Welsberg were battalion and regiment were dissolved on 18 March 2002 .
HMS Gnat ( T60 ) HMS Gnat was a Royal Navy Insect class gunboat . She was built by Lobnitz and launched in 1915 . History . During the First World War , " Gnat " took part in the Mesopotamian Campaign as part of the gunboat squadron operating on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers . In 1927 the " Gnat " participated as part of a Royal Navy flotilla in the Nanjing incident , helping to protect British and other international citizens and business interests in China . During the Second World War , " Gnat " was at China until 1940 then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet ' s Inshore Squadron . She was torpedoed on 21 October 1941 by the U - 79 but she was towed and beached at Alexandria and used as a fixed Anti - aircraft platform . Declared a constructive total loss , she was finally scapped in 1945 .
37 mm trench gun M1915 37 - mm trench gun M1915 ( ) was a Russian battalion gun employed in World War I . With World War I switching into a trench warfare phase late in 1914 , a need for a highly mobile artillery system to be used against enemy machine gun emplacements and other strongpoints became apparent . In 1915 colonel M . F . Rosenberg , a member of the Artillery Committee , developed such a weapon . The gun was compact enough to fit into machine gun emplacements . It weighed only about 180 kg and could be dismantled into three pieces - barrel ( about 74 kg ) , carriage ( 82 kg ) and wheels ( 25 kg ) , making it easy to move around . To protect the crew from enemy fire , the gun was equipped with a shield 6 or 8 mm thick . The weapon was sufficiently accurate at ranges of up to roughly 1 mile or about 1 . 6 km — this was earlier set out as 1 , 000 - 1 , 200 paces , and a pace is normally the height of the person walking , so this is not a uniform measure .
Patrick Shannon ( mayor ) Patrick Shannon ( 1824 – December 16 , 1871 ) was the Mayor of Kansas City , Missouri from 1864 – 1865 Biography . Shannon was born in 1824 in County Cavan , Ireland . He immigrated to Kansas City in 1855 where he operated a dry goods business at Main and Front Streets . He was elected to the city council in 1861 . During the American Civil War he joined the Confederates and rose from private to major . He was elected to the council in 1864 and became mayor when Robert T . Van Horn and then was re - elected to another term . During his term the Missouri Pacific Railroad reached Kansas City , the first volunteer fire department was raised and the first gas light s were lit . He was buried in St . Mary ' s Cemetery .
ADC Aircraft The Aircraft Disposals Company ( ADC ) or Airdisco , was a British firm established in March 1920 to take advantage of the large number of World War I - surplus military aircraft on the market . History . One of the founders was Frederick Handley Page , the British aviation pioneer . ADC bought the entire available stock of surplus aircraft engines and spares , including 10 , 000 airframes and 30 , 000 engines , for the sum of £1 , 000 , 000 plus a share of any profits . Many ex - military aircraft were converted to various civil roles before being sold on while others were sold to military buyers . By 1925 , it had sold 2 , 000 airframes and 3 , 000 engines , generating profits of over £2 , 500 , 000 , of which half was returned to the British Treasury . The company had several sites across Britain including of Regents Park in London known as Marylebone Green . Three of the National Aircraft Factories became part of the Aircraft Disposal Company including Aintree in Liverpool , Waddon in Croydon , and at Stockport near Manchester . Aircraft engines . The company produced a small range of aircraft engines under the direction of Frank Halford , the ' Cirrus ' line continued to be manufactured by Cirrus Aero Engines Ltd and their successors .
Shore patrol Shore patrol are service members who are provided to aid in security for the U . S . Navy , United States Coast Guard , United States Marine Corps , and the British Royal Navy while on shore . They are often temporarily assigned personnel who receive limited training in law enforcement and are commonly armed with a baton . Their primary function is to make certain that sailor s on liberty do not become too rowdy . They will also provide assistance for sailors in relations with the civilian courts and police . US Legislation . IAW Title 32 : National Defense , PART 700 — UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS , Subpart I — The Senior Officer Present § 700 . 922 Shore Patrol : " . . . the senior officer present shall cause to be established , temporarily or permanently , in charge of an officer , a sufficient patrol of officers , petty officers , and noncommissioned officers to maintain order and suppress any unseemly conduct on the part of any person on liberty . "
832d Air Division The 832d Air Division ( 832 AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Tactical Air Command , assigned to Twelfth Air Force , being stationed at Luke Air Force Base , Arizona . It was inactivated on October 1 , 1991 . Activated in 1957 as an intermediate command echelon of Tactical Air Command , providing command and control of selected fighter forces of the Eighteenth and Twelfth Air Force s . Some subordinate units deployed to Florida during the Cuban missile crisis ( October – December 1962 ) . Units conducted F - 100 and F - 111 aircrew replacement training . In 1968 , the 49th Tactical Fighter Wing served as USAF ' s first " dual - based " NATO committed wing , subject to immediate return to Europe if and when needed . Inactivated in 1975 as part of budget reductions after the end of the Vietnam War . Reactivated in 1980 to provide command supervision of combat crew training programs at Luke AFB , which included training pilots from West Germany , Mexico , Japan , and Saudi Arabia from December 1980 – October 1991 . It also participated in numerous tactical exercises such as Fertile Brave , Amalgam Chief , and Bold Eagle . Inactivated in 1991 as part of realignment of mission at Luke . History . Components . Wings
196th Ohio Infantry The 196th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 196th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 196th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio and mustered in March 25 , 1865 for one year service under the command of Colonel Robert Patterson Kennedy . The regiment left Ohio for Winchester , Virginia , March 26 . It was assigned to 2nd Brigade , 2nd Provisional Division , Army of the Shenandoah . Performed duties at Winchester until July , then moved to Baltimore , Maryland , and served garrison duty there and at Fort Delaware until September . The 196th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 11 , 1865 at Baltimore , Maryland . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 25 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
HMS Gardiner ( K478 ) HMS " Gardiner " ( K478 ) was a British Captain - class frigate of the Royal Navy in commission during World War II . Originally constructed as the United States Navy " Evarts " - class destroyer escort USS " O ' Toole " ( DE - 274 ) , she served in the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1946 . Construction and transfer . The ship was laid down as the U . S . Navy destroyer escort USS " O ' Toole " ( DE - 274 ) , the first ship of the name , by the Boston Navy Yard in Boston , Massachusetts , on 20 May 1943 and launched on 8 July 1943 . " O ' Toole " was transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend - Lease upon completion on 28 September 1943 . Service history . Commissioned into service in the Royal Navy as HMS " Gardiner " ( K478 ) under the command of Lieutenant Commander Robert Sydney Hopper , DSC , RN , on 28 September 1943 simultaneously with her transfer , the ship served on patrol and escort duty for the remainder of World War II . The Royal Navy decommissioned " Gardiner " in 1945 after the end of the war and returned her to the U . S . Navy at the Boston Naval Shipyard on 12 February 1946 . Disposal . The United States sold " Gardiner " to the Atlas Steel and Supply Company on 10 December 1946 for scrapping . In 1947 , she was resold to the Kulky Steel and Equipment Company of Alliance , Ohio , and finally was scrapped in June 1947 .
Treejumping Treejumping is a form of parachuting , into a forest or jungle – typically , from a relatively low altitude . It is generally considered to be a particularly dangerous form of parachuting . Treejumping is also especially damaging to the parachuting equipment . In the United States Army , there is one company of combat engineer s , Bravo Company of the 27th Engineer Battalion ( Combat ) ( Airborne ) , trained to intentionally jump into forested areas in order to create drop zones for follow - on forces . In 2008 , the 27th Engineer Battalion ( Combat ) ( Airborne ) transformed , changing Bravo Company ( Combat ) ( Airborne ) ( Rough Terrain ) to the 57th Engineer Company ( Airborne ) ( Sapper ) ( Rough Terrain ) . 37 Soldiers from the 57th EN CO exited a C - 23 Sherpa over Luzon Tree Drop Zone , located in Fort Bragg , NC . Three Soldiers from the 161st Equipment Support Company also participated in the jump . The 161st ESC supported the Rough Terrain operation by providing a large detail to recover parachutes stuck amongst the trees . CPT Benjamin Shean , Commander of the 57th EN CO , performed duties as the Airborne Commander and primary jumpmaster on the first and fourth pass . Recent Rough Terrain Operations . Most paratroopers landed within the boundaries of the drop zone and assembled in the South East corner of Luzon Tree Drop Zone . Numerous soldiers who landed in the trees found themselves suspended up to 40 feet above the ground . These soldiers rappelled to the ground by securing a letdown line to the risers of their MC1 - 1 steerable parachute . The Rough Terrain operation on 27 October was the first such operation conducted by the 57th Engineer Company since 2009 . The purpose and intent of the Rough Terrain operation was to demonstrate the ability to land in a tree drop zone , and the proficiency to do so safely . The 57th Engineer Company is planning multiple Rough Terrain operations in 2012 in order to build proficiency , certify more soldiers as Rough Terrain , and continue to train the full spectrum of Rough Terrain operations . Training for the Rough Terrain operation was conducted at the United States Army Advanced Airborne School in September , 2011 .
John I . Pray Brigadier General ( ret ) John I . Pray , Jr . is the Senior Vice President of Entertainment / Programs for the United Service Organizations where he is responsible for leading the USO ’ s world - famous entertainment activities as well as a variety of other efforts that lift the spirits of hundreds of thousands of service members and their families every year . After retiring from the United State Air Force ( USAF ) in December 2007 , Pray served as the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council until January 2009 and then as Executive Vice President for the Systems Proposal and Engineering Company until joining the USO in July 2009 . While in the USAF , Pray served in a number of key staff and command positions that included : the Director of the White House Situation Room ; Commander of the 89th Airlift Wing at Andrews AFB , MD ; Commander of the 436th Airlift Wing at Dover AFB , MD ; the Deputy Executive Secretary of the National Security Council ; Commander of the 305th Operations Group at McGuire AFB , NJ ; Commander of the 8th Airlift Squadron at McChord AFB , WA and Executive Officer to the Commander , United States Special Operations Command at MacDill AFB , FL . Pray is a Command Pilot with over 6 , 000 flying hours in numerous mobility and special operations aircraft .
Camp Scott ( Pennsylvania ) Camp Scott was a recruiting and training base in York , Pennsylvania , for newly raised regiment s in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Following the secession of several southern states and the bombardment of Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861 , President Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers to crush what he perceived was open rebellion . In response to this summons to arms , eager volunteers throughout the North flocked to recruiting stations in larger towns to enlist in the military , many in regiments that were originally intended to serve only for three months . Many believed that would be the maximum amount of time it would take before the Confederacy collapsed . The country was unprepared for the onslaught of volunteers , and the U . S . Army hastily began establishing training sites where these new recruits could be organized into formal units and subsequently trained in military tactics and drills . A wide series of regional camps and bases were established across the North . One such camp was located immediately east of downtown York , a center of commerce and transportation for south - central Pennsylvania . The York Agricultural Society allowed the army to use its fairgrounds as the new base , which was named Camp Scott in honor of General Winfield Scott . Dozens of new regiments arrived over the first few months for training before moving further southward to their field assignments . As the war progressed , Camp Scott was renamed Camp Franklin in honor of York native William B . Franklin , a prominent corps commander in the Army of the Potomac . During the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign , Camp Franklin was occupied for two days by a Confederate brigade under Colonel Isaac E . Avery . Following the war , the camp was decommissioned and the grounds restored to the Agricultural Society for the resumption of their annual fairs . Eventually the fair moved to a new location west of York , and the site of Camp Scott was swallowed up in urban expansion .
417th Bombardment Squadron The 417th Bombardment Squadron is a United States Army Air Forces unit . Its last assignment was with the 25th Bombardment Group at Alamogordo Army Air Field , New Mexico where it was inactivated on 20 June 1944 . History . The squadron was established in September 1939 the 27th Reconnaissance Squadron ( Long Range ) , a B - 17 Flying Fortress reconnaissance squadron at Langley Field , Virginia . The 27th deployed to Borinquen Field , Puerto Rico in November . On Puerto Rico , it was assigned to the 13th Composite Wing , and was redesignated as the 27th Reconnaissance Squadron ( Heavy ) on 20 November 1940 . The unit performed a number of long - range missions down the Antilles Islands chain , including frequent trips to St . Croix . After the Pearl Harbor Attack , elements were attached to the 25th and 40th Bombardment Group s . On 16 February , the Squadron had been assigned to the Antilles Air Task Force . " A " Flight of the Squadron was deployed to Camaguey Airfield , Cuba in April 1942 , and a detachment was at Vernam Field , Jamaica . On 7 May 1942 , the squadron was redesignated as the 417th Bombardment Squadron ( Medium ) while attached to the 25th Bombardment Group and the squadron was heavily involved in antisubmarine sweeps in the waters around Cuba , the Windward Passage , and the Cayman Trench . The squadron moved west on 24 September 1942 to Vernam Field , Jamaica , then moved to Losey Field , Puerto Rico , on 29 May 1943 , where the long - standing attachment to the 25th Bombardment Group became an assignment . Detachments at different times operated from Borinquen Field , Puerto Rico ; San Juan Naval Air Station , Puerto Rico ; Guantanamo Bay NAS , Cuba ; Camaguey Field , Cuba . In August 1943 , the Squadron received the North American B - 25D Mitchell . The Squadron moved on 12 September , this time returning to Borinquen Field . The detachment at Camaguey Field , Cuba , was discontinued in August 1943 . However , these crews were apparently moved to San Julián Field , Cuba , By 31 December 1943 with the Navy taking over the antisubmarine mission , the squadron had become , essentially , an operational training unit . In April 1944 the squadron returned to the United States and was disbanded on 20 June . Many of the older veterans of the squadron had in fact departed for the U . S . and other war theaters as early as December 1943 .
Relief Committee for Greeks of Asia Minor The Relief Committee for Greeks of Asia Minor ( 1917 – 1921 ) was a relief organization established during World War I in response to the genocide of Greeks in the Ottoman Empire . " The committee was also known as simply the " Greek Relief Committee " . Operations . The GRC worked through a network of foreign consuls , missionaries and relief workers located at various points in the Ottoman empire . In doing so , its working methods were similar to those of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief ( ACASR ) , which was also in action during World War I . It also cooperated with American diplomatic institutions in Athens and Thessaloniki to aid refugees arriving from Turkey .
Alexander Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich Matrosov ( ; ) ( February 5 , 1924 – February 22 or 27 , 1943 ) , born in Yekaterinoslav ( now Dnipropetrovsk ) was a famous Soviet infantry soldier during World War II . According to Soviet sources , on 22 February 1943 , in the battle for the village of Chernushki , currently in Loknyansky District , Pskov Oblast , Matrosov threw himself onto a German pill - box , blocking the machine - gun with his own chest , to allow his unit to advance . For his self - sacrifice in battle , Matrosov was posthumously awarded the distinction Hero of the Soviet Union . Contrary to the Soviet account , M . J . Broekmeyer claims that Matrosov had been dragged in front of the post by the Germans when he tried to push down the barrel of the gun after having crawled up above the firing hole , and that his death was moved from February 27 to 22 to match the day of the creation of the Red Army . According to Chinese propaganda , Matrosov ' s tale also inspired Huang Jiguang , a famous Chinese revolutionary martyr , to perform similar feat during the Korean War . In popular culture . Matrosov is the hero of the 1947 war film , " Private Aleksandr Matrosov " ( " Рядовой Александр Матросов " ) , by director Leonid Lukov .
German submarine U - 2511 German submarine " U - 2511 " was a Type XXI U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The " Elektroboot e " submarine was laid down on 7 July 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg , launched on 2 September 1944 , and commissioned on 29 September 1944 under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Adalbert Schnee . Service history . After training with " 31st U - boat Flotilla " , " U - 2511 " was transferred to " 11th U - boat Flotilla " at Bergen , Norway , for front - line service on 15 March 1945 . According to the commander of , Heinz Schaeffer , Captain Schnee was in port in Denmark taking on stores when he started bragging about the wonders of the boat . After an extended period , Cpt . Schaeffer lost his temper and bet him a cask of champagne that he would reach Norway before Schnee . The bet was taken , Schnee believing that he would win easily . On the way to Norway , " U - 977 " was having trouble with their " schnorkel " while dived : the exhaust from the diesels kept filtering into the rest of the boat , the " schnorkel " head would shut as it dipped beneath the waves , and all the air would be sucked out of the boat . So the captain ordered the boat to surface . After airing it out , Schaeffer decided to continue to Norway on the surface . His reasoning was that no U - boats had been seen on the surface in those waters in some time , and he doubted the Allies would strain themselves carrying out extra checks now that the war was basically over . He beat Schnee by two days . " U - 2511 " conducted one patrol . On the evening of 30 April 1945 ( coincidentally the date of Hitler ' s death ) , " U - 2511 " set out from Bergen , Norway for the Caribbean , but on 4 May Schnee received the end - of - the - war cease - fire order . Fate . On 14 June 1945 " U - 2511 " was transferred from Bergen , and arrived at Lisahally , Northern Ireland on 21 June for Operation " Deadlight " . The U - boat was scuttled on 7 January 1946 at 7 : 40 pm in position . She was sunk by gunfire after her towing cable parted . The wreck lies at a depth . She had been visited by divers at least three times , in 1999 and 2001 , and circa 2012 for ' Dig WW2 with Dan Snow ' , revealing she is largely intact except for a large blast hole caused by the shellfire that sank her .
Walter Hartmann Walter Hartmann ( 23 July 1891 – 11 March 1977 ) was a German general of Artillery , serving during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .