naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Type 99 light machine gun The was a light machine gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II . History and development . The Type 96 light machine gun , an improvement over the previous Type 11 light machine gun was introduced into combat service in 1936 , and quickly proved to be a versatile weapon to provide covering fire for advancing infantry . Both the Type 11 and Type 96 used the same 6 . 5x50mm Arisaka cartridge s as the Type 38 rifle infantry rifle . The system had the advantage that any squad member could supply ammunition for the light machine gun ; however , as the Japanese army was switching from the Type 38 rifle to the Type 99 Rifle which used a 7 . 7 mm cartridge , it was necessary to develop a new version of the Type 96 light machine gun that would also be able to use this larger caliber . Design . The Type 99 was basically the same design as the Type 96 light machine gun , and had a number of parts in common . However , it dispensed with the oiler and had better primary extraction , increasing reliability over its predecessors . Early models had a mono - pod at the stock and a flash suppressor on the muzzle , which was screwed onto a threaded portion of the gun barrel . A top - mounted curved detachable box magazine held 30 rounds , and the finned gun barrel could be rapidly changed to avoid overheating . The Type 99 had a blade front sight and a leaf rear sight , with graduations from 200 to 1 , 500 meters , with a wind adjustment . A 2 . 5X telescopic sight with a 10 degree field of view could be attached at the right side of the gun . These were often issued to the best marksmen of the unit and occasionally employed like a sniper rifle . A standard infantry bayonet could be attached to the gas block below the barrel , but on the battlefield this feature proved inconsequential due to the weight of the gun and that the blade was largely obstructed by the flash hider when it was fixed on the muzzle . Combat record . The Type 99 came into active service in 1939 , and was used side - by - side with the older Type 11 and Type 96 , as these models had been produced in large quantities and many front line troops continued to use the Type 38 rifles with their 6 . 5 mm ammunition . All three weapons remained in service until the end of the war . Variants . A limited production version of the Type 99 was produced for paratrooper s . It had a detachable stock and a forward - folding pistol grip . For deployment , the barrel and butt were detached from the gun , the pistol grip and bipod folded , and the entire set packed into a carrying bag .
Charles S . Schepke Charles Stephen Schepke ( December 26 , 1878 – February 27 , 1933 ) was a gunner ' s mate first class serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Schepke was born December 26 , 1878 in New York City , New York and joined the United States Navy . He was stationed aboard the battleship as a gunner ' s mate first class . On April 13 , 1904 the ‘ ’ Missouri ’ ’ was engaging in target practice when one of the ships 12 ” gun “ flared back ” . As the breech was opened for reloading , hot gases were released into the turret , causing it to catch fire . The fire spread to a bag of propellant and from there it spread down to the ammunition handling chamber . Schepke assisted in containing the fire before it spread to other areas of the ship and in putting out the blaze . The fire was eventually contained but before it was out 36 of the ships crew were dead . For his actions received the Medal of Honor May 26 , 1904 . In June 1921 , a Brooklyn , New York judge granted alimony to Schepke ’ s wife , Gertrude Schepke pending a separation . She was granted a $ 25 week stipend after she filed for divorce from then Junior Lieutenant Schepke . He died February 27 , 1933 and is buried in Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery Middle Village , New York . His grave can be found in map 5 , lot 9365 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Gunner ' s Mate First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 26 December 1878 , New York , N . Y . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 160 , 26 May 1904 . Citation : For extraordinary heroism while serving on the U . S . S . Missouri in remaining by a burning magazine and assisting to extinguish the fire , 13 April 1904 .
Battle of Montevideo ( 1843 ) The Battle of Montevideo was a conflict in the Uruguayan Civil War during August 1843 . The battle was fought between the Colorados , and the Blancos of Uruguay . The Colorados were led by Venancio Flores , while the Blancos were led by General Medina . The battle resulted in a victory of the Blancos . < br >
Abdolrahim Mousavi General Abdolrahim Mousavi is the Chief of the Joint Staff of the Iranian armed forces . He appeared in an interview on Iranian television revealing an analysis of the U . S . military by the Iranian military , and outlined a defense plan in case of an attack on Iran by the United States .
Fellowship of the Bellows The Fellowships of the Bellows were loosely organised international groups formed during World War II to collect funds for the purchase of aircraft for the Royal Air Force . Lord Beaverbrook , owner of the " Daily Express " and Minister of Aircraft Production in Winston Churchill ' s war cabinet , and soon to be Minister of Supply , said at the end of 1940 : " All the fighters and all the bombers that we lost during the months the battle has raged over Britain have been paid for in full , completely and entirely , by public subscription . " Fellowship of the Bellows groups . Argentina and Brazil . The name and concept of Fellowship of the Bellows probably started in Argentina in October 1940 , when a group of young British and Anglo - Argentine men from Buenos Aires : " " . . . formed , half in fun and half in earnest , the Fellowship of the Bellows . Aim : " to raise the wind " for purchasing Hurricane and other fighter planes for the RAF . Method : each member contributes one Argentine centavo ( 4¢ " [ US ] " ) for each Axis plane downed during the month . " The name may have been chosen because it fitted in with the name of the aeroplane , Spitfire s as were , coincidentally Whirlwind s and Tornado s . In 1940 a Spitfire or a Hurricane cost about £5 , 000 and in November more than £2 , 500 was collected in Argentina . Similarly in Brazil some British citizens looked for a way to help the British war effort . An initial " Spitfire Fund " was started , and donations bought Spitfires for the RAF . These aircraft purchased were identified with the names of the fundraisers which were painted on the side of the engine or under the canopy . Seeking to widen the scope of the campaign , the owner of Sloper ' s department store , with the help of the Brazilian Telephone Company , began a telephone campaign to obtain more donations . Also known as the " Fellowship of the Bellows " this was a complete success : " The main body of the group were students and shop workers . Each member of the Bellows paid a monthly subscription . The club eventually reach ten Brazilian States and in 1942 raised the amount of £80 , 000 sterling . " The Fellowship helped with the purchase of de Havilland Mosquito s for No . 692 Squadron RAF shortly after it was formed in January 1944 . Curaçao . In Curaçao in the Dutch West Indies the Rotary Club founded the Curaçao chapter of the Fellowship of the Bellows , and in addition it spearheaded a drive to acquire a Red Cross lifeboat and helped establish the Prins Bernhard Foundation . Each of these channeled financial help to the mother country ( the Netherlands ) and Britain . Aruba in the same island group had a similar group . Other groups . Other places in the Americas with such groups were : Fellowship of the Bellows RAF squadrons . Aircraft purchased through groups of Fellowship of the Bellows went in particular to these squadrons : References . < br >
Louis Willett Private First Class Louis Edward Willett ( June 19 , 1945 – February 15 , 1967 ) was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor posthumously for his actions during the Vietnam War as a member of Company C , 1st Battalion , 12th Infantry , 4th Infantry Division . Born in Brooklyn , New York , and raised in Woodside , New York of Irish and German extraction , Willett was a graduate of Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens , New York and was drafted after withdrawing from SUNY Maratime in 1966 . Medal of Honor citation . His Medal of Honor citation reads :
Vektor SS - 77 The Vektor SS - 77 is a general - purpose machine gun designed and manufactured by Denel Land Systems — formerly Lyttleton Engineering Works ( LIW ) — of South Africa . History . In the late 1970s , South Africa was involved in an international controversy over apartheid and the South African Border War in Angola . As a result , it was subject to an international arms embargo and had to , out of necessity , design and manufacture its own weapons . The SS - 77 was developed to replace the FN MAG . It was designed in 1977 by Richard Joseph Smith and Lazlo Soregi , hence the name " SS - 77 " . " SS " for Smith and Soregi , " 77 " for 1977 , the year it was designed . Mini - SS . In the early 1990s , a light machine gun version , the " Mini - SS " , chambered in 5 . 56×45mm NATO was introduced . LIW also manufactured kits to convert existing SS - 77 to the Mini - SS . Changes include the weight decrease from with a folding bipod and fixed butt .
Amos Weaver Amos Weaver was an sergeant in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine - American War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company F , 36th Infantry , U . S . Volunteers . Place and date : Between Calubus and Malalong , Philippine Islands , November 5 , 1899 . Entered service at : San Francisco , Calif . Born : June 13 , 1869 , Niles Township , Delaware County , Ind . Date of issue : March 15 , 1902 . Citation : Alone and unaided , charged a body of 15 insurgents , dislodging them , killing 4 and wounding several .
Strijela – 10CROA1 Strijela – 10CROA1 ( SLRS S - 10CRO A1 ) is a Croatian - made self - propelled surface - to - air missile system of the Croatian Army for air defense of Croatian Army units and installations from low - flying aircraft and helicopters . It is a domestically produced version of the Russian 9K35 Strela - 10 system incorporating some improvements . The system is mounted on an armored chassis of the TAM - 150 6x6 truck which gives it a somewhat more practical usage . This alteration was a result of a complete shortage of MT - LB units during the Croatian War of Independence and on which these systems were usually installed . Today , Croatia has at least 9 systems of this type in its service . However , at least 3 units are now mounted on previously mentioned MT - LB armored personnel carriers . The system is still being produced and developed by Croatian firms and is till actively marketed for export . According to the long - term defence plan , three additional units are to be produced for the Croatian military by 2012 but this number might increase . New units are to be further modernized and will incorporate additional improvements which will be retrofitted on all existing systems . After the completion of all units is over , S - 10CROs are to be integrated on hulls of vastly more modern Patria AMV APCs .
Demi - cannon The demi - cannon was a medium sized cannon , similar to but slightly larger than a culverin and smaller than a regular 42 lb ( 19 kg ) cannon , developed in the early 17th century . A full cannon fired a 42 - pound shot but these were discontinued in the 18th century as they were seen as too unwieldy . The lower tier of 17th Century English warship s were usually equipped with demi - cannons . Ships featuring demi - cannons included HMS " Sovereign of the Seas " , HMS " Resolution " and HMS " James " , which fought in the Anglo - Dutch naval wars . < br > The barrels of demi - cannon were typically 11 ft ( 3 . 4m ) long , had a calibre of 6 inches ( 15 . 4 cm ) and could weigh up to 5600 lb ( 2540 kg ) . It required 18 lb ( 8 kg ) of black powder to fire a 32 lb ( 14 . 5 kg ) round shot . The demi - cannon had an effective range of 1600 ft ( 490m ) . < br > These 32 - pounders were used during the 18th century on first - rate three - decker ships of the line which carried up to 100 guns . Though powerful , the naval demi - cannons were inaccurate except at close range so opposing warships would try to get as close as possible before firing their broadside in order to cause as much damage as possible ; sometimes a single broadside was enough to cripple the enemy vessel .
Battery " E " West Virginia Light Artillery The Battery " E " West Virginia Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " E " was organized at Buckhannon in western Virginia on September 18 , 1862 and absorbed Battery " B " West Virginia Light Artillery on December 31 , 1864 . The Battery was known as the " Upshur Battery " due to the predominance of men from Upshur County who enlisted in its ranks . Battery " E " was mustered out on June 28 , 1865 . Commander . Captain Alexander C . Moore Unpublished manuscript " Joseph Rezin Thompson ' A Tankee Volunterr ' " Author Unknown
Battle of Resaena The Battle of Resaena or Resaina , near Ceylanpinar , Turkey , was fought in 243 between the forces of the Roman Empire , led by Praetorian Prefect Timesitheus , and a Sassanid Empire army , led by King Shapur I . The Romans were victorious . The battle was fought during a campaign ordered by Emperor Gordian III to retake the Roman cities of Hatra , Nisibis and Carrhae . These territories , in fact , had been conquered by Shapur and , before him , by his father King Ardashir I , when the Roman Empire was plagued with the internal wars between pretenders to the throne . Following this victory the Roman legions recovered Nsibis and Singara , and advanced by way of the Khabur to the Euphrates . Intending to take Ctesiphon , Gordian ' s army was halted at Misiche .
Centuria Centuria ( Latin plural " centuriae " ) is a Latin substantive from the stem " centum " ( a hundred ) , denoting units consisting of ( originally only approximately ) 100 men . It also denotes a Roman unit of land area : 1 " centuria " = 100 " heredia " . It is sometimes anglicized as century . Roman use . Political . In the political context the " centuria " was the constituent voting unit in the " centuriate comices " ( Latin " comitia centuriata " ) , an old form of popular assembly in the Roman Republic , the members of which cast one collective vote . Its origin seems to be the homonymous military unit , as citizens could serve in both until Gaius Marius ' reform shifted the main form of military recruitment from conscription to professional contracts . Military . The " centuria " was the pivotal tactical Roman legion unit after the Marian reforms of 107 BC . It originally consisted of a hundred soldiers ; later 60 to ( ideally ) 80 men distributed among 10 " contubernia " ( of 8 men each ) . The remaining number of men required for a full count of one hundred was taken up by various noncombatants attached for administrative , logistical or other purposes within the legion . Each " contubernium " ( the minimal unit in the Roman legion ) lived in the same tent while on campaign or the same bunk room in barracks . " Centuriae " were grouped by pairs forming maniples , and later into 6 - century cohorts . The whole century was commanded by a " Centurion " , who was assisted by an O " ptio " or lieutenant and a sergeant " Tesserarius " . It had a banner or signum which was carried by a " Signifer " . Also , each century provided a " Buccinator " , who played a buccina , a kind of horn used to transmit acoustic orders . On the battlefield , the Centurion stood at the far right of the first row of men next to the Signifer , while the Optio stood at the rear , to avoid , if necessary , the disbanding of the troops and ensure the relay between typical closed order lines used by the Roman army . However , the first cohort ( consisting of the bravest men from the legion ) was twice the size of the other cohorts . Each of its five " centuriae " was a double centuria of 160 men ( rather than 80 ) . The first cohort thus consisted of 800 men . Centurions of these first - cohort double " centuriae " were called " primi ordinis , " ( " first rank " ) , except for the leader of the first " centuria " of the first cohort , who was referred to as " primus pilus " ( first file ) . Other uses . The term " " centuria " " was later used during the Spanish Civil War to describe the informal bands of local militiamen and international volunteers that sprang up in Catalonia and Aragon in October / November 1936 .
HMS G3 HMS " G3 " was a British G class submarine of the Royal Navy from World War I . War service . Like the rest of her class , " G3 " ' s role was to patrol the North Sea in search of German U - boats . Fate . In December 1921 " G3 " , out of commission , was being towed north to be broken up for scrap when she broke her tether and came ashore at Scalby Mills , north of Scarborough . The submarine later broke free from the shore and drifted back out to sea . She then drifted south , finally running aground under Buckton cliffs in Filey Bay , bow first . A local man bought the salvage rights to the vessel and the wreck was scrapped . Lumps of the hulk were lifted up the sheer cliffs using ropes and pulleys , the salvers using rope ladders for access . The remains of the wreck lie under the cliffs at Buckton including about of the base of the hull , two diesel engines and their drive gear .
Sredne - Nevskiy Shipyard The Sredne - Nevsky Shipyard was founded before the end of the 19th century in Saint Petersburg , Russia . In 1917 it employed 17 , 000 people . It established a branch in Nikolaev in the early years of the 20th century to assemble ships which had been built in St . Petersburg and transported to the Black Sea . Part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation .
Verutum The verutum , plural veruta ( ) , was a short javelin used in the Roman army . This javelin was used by the velites for skirmishing purposes , unlike the heavier pilum , which was used by the hastati and principes for softening the enemy before advancing into close combat . The verutum ' s shaft was about 1 . 1 meters long , much shorter than the pilum ( 2 meters ) , and its point measured about 13 centimeters long . The verutum had either an iron shank like the pilum or a tapering metal head . The verutum was adopted from the Samnites and the Volsci . During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC , Roman light infantry ( velites ) would carry seven veruta into combat . It proved to be quite an effective weapon , even against war elephants as proven in the battle of Zama . In the late 2nd century BC , the verutum was taken out of service along with the veles , but the javelin was taken back into the legionary arsenal during the Late Empire .
Battle of Sokolovo The Battle of Sokolovo took place on March 8 and 9 , 1943 , near the town of Sokolovo near Kharkiv in Ukraine when the on - going attack of the Wehrmacht was halted by joint Soviet and Czechoslovak forces . It was the first time that a foreign military unit , the First Czechoslovak Independent Field Battalion , fought together with the Red Army . Under the command of Ludvík Svoboda , later President of Czechoslovakia , the Czechoslovak soldiers effectively prevented any further advance of Germans across the Mzha river . The Soviet supreme command highly valued both the bravery of the Czechoslovak soldiers and the political significance of the fact that the Soviet people were no longer alone in their struggle against Germany . First Lieutenant Otakar Jaroš , the commander of the 1st company ( who was killed in the course of the battle and posthumously promoted to captain ) was the first foreign citizen ever to be awarded the highest Soviet military order , the Hero of the Soviet Union . Moreover , one of the local schools in Sokolovo was named in his honor . The battle became the subject matter of a 1974 Czechoslovak film with the same name , directed by Otakar Vávra .
Jean Julien Angot des Rotours Jean Julien Angot , baron des Rotours ( 2 June 1778 Les Rotours , Orne - 28 March 1844 Paris ) was a French colonial governor . Biography . He was born in the castle of Rotours , and entered the French Navy , 11 June 1791 , with which he took part in the expedition of 1793 to Santo Domingo , and assisted in the engagement at Cape Français , 21 June , where , although bearing a flag of truce , he was taken prisoner , but afterward released . He went on a United States merchant vessel to Philadelphia , where he was furnished the means of returning to France . He was promoted commander in 1808 , and captain in 1814 , and 1816 - 1819 made a successful campaign in the West Indian waters , for which he was created baron , 25 May 1819 . Afterward he was despatched with a corvette to protect the French fisheries on the coast of Newfoundland , when a difficulty with England threatened to end in war , and was promoted to rear admiral in 1821 . Rotours was appointed governor general of Guadeloupe in 1826 , arrived at Basse - Terre on 31 May , and found that the city had been nearly destroyed by the hurricane of 26 July 1825 . He immediately began to rebuild it on a more elaborate plan , and , after inquiring into the wants of the colony , proposed to the king a plan to unify the colonial administration , by which the island was allowed partial self - government through delegates that formed a council general . Rotours also provided means to check the return of yellow fever epidemics , established a hospital and a camp for the soldiers on Matouba volcano , at the coolest station in the mountains , drained the marshes that surrounded Pointe - à - Pitre , executed great works in that harbor , completed the canal named Vatable , and also constructed in Grande - Terre several other canals , which proved of great benefit to the colony . One of these has since received the name of Canal des Rotours . He founded the city of Bordeaux - Bourg , erected schools , churches , and bridges , and opened roads . Under his administration , Guadeloupe attained a high state of prosperity , and when Rotours obtained his recall in May 1830 , regret was felt at his departure . His works include " Mémoire sur le mode de procédure criminelle en vigueur à la Guadeloupe " ( Paris , 1826 ) .
Murat Yuce Murat Yuce was a Turkish engineer who worked for the Turkish company " Bilintur " on a U . S . army base in Iraq . He was kidnapped in Iraq in early August 2004 along with his colleague Aytullah Gezmen , during the U . S . occupation of Iraq . A video of Yuce ' s execution by shooting at the hand of Iraqi militants was distributed on the Internet . Aytullah Gezmen was released a month later after he " repented " working for the Americans . In response to this murder , and kidnapping of two truck drivers ( who were later freed after their company pulled out of Iraq ) , Turkey ' s truckers association announced that it would no longer deliver goods to U . S . forces in Iraq . However some Turkish companies still work in Iraq Abu Ayyub al - Masri took responsibility in September 2006 for personally killing Yuce . Al - Masri was killed in 2010 .
Stefan Mokrzecki Stefan Mokrzecki of Ostoja coat of arms ( 1862 – 1932 ) was a general in the Russian Army and the Polish Army . During Polish - Soviet War commanded 8 DP and other units . Later member of armed forces of Republic of Central Lithuania . Retired in 1925 . He was brother of Adam Mokrzecki that also was a general in Russian army to end as general of Polish army .