naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Pegae The Battle of Pegae occurred between March 11 and March 18 , 922 in the outskirts of Constantinople . The result was a Bulgarian victory . Origins of the conflict . After the major victories in 917 , Simeon of Bulgaria tried to assume the Byzantine throne . His first step was to become a regent of the juvenile Emperor Constantine VII , but in 919 admiral Romanos Lekapenos , who was trying to prevent the Bulgarian influence in Byzantium , replaced the young Emperor ' s mother Zoe as regent and by 920 he proclaimed himself for co - Emperor which ruined Simeon ' s ambitions to ascend the throne by diplomatic means . In 920 the Bulgarian Emperor waged a war and a took almost all Byzantine possessions on the Balkans between 920 - 924 . The battle . In 922 , a large Bulgarian army under the first minister Theodore Sigritsa marched swiftly through the Strandzha Mountains and reached the outskirts of Constantinople . Romanos sent troops under the Domestic of the Schools Pothos Argyros and the admiral Alexios Mosele to face the Bulgarians . The battle took place at Pegae . The initial Bulgarian blow was irresistible , and the Byzantine commanders were the first to flee , with Mosele drowning in a desperate attempt to reach a ship . Most of the Byzantine soldiers and sailors were killed , drowned , or captured . Aftermath . After the battle the Bulgarians burned the palaces in Pegae , looted the Golden Horn , and triumphantly returned to Preslav .
Heinrich Meyering Heinrich Meyering ( 30 November 1919 – 13 July 2003 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he flew 972 missions .
SS Empire Burton Empire Burton was a 6 , 966 GRT CAM Ship which was built in 1941 for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . Completed in August 1941 , she was torpedoed on 20 September 1941 by and sunk . Description . " Empire Burton " was built by Short Brothers Ltd , Pallion for the MoWT . She was yard number 466 . " Empire Burton " was launched on 29 May 1941 and completed in August 1941 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , , and bore by stroke . The engine was built by North East Marine Engine Works , Newcastle upon Tyne . Career . " Empire Burton " had a short career . She was completed in August 1941 and placed under the management of Common Brothers Ltd , Newcastle upon Tyne . Her port of registry was Sunderland . " Empire Burton " was a member of two convoys . Convoy ON 9 departed from Milford Haven on 19 August 1941 and Liverpool on 20 August . It dispersed at sea on 25 August . " Empire Burton " was bound for Halifax , Nova Scotia . Convoy SC 44 departed from Halifax , calling at Sydney from where the convoy departed on 11 September bound for Liverpool . She was carrying a cargo of of wheat . At 01 : 13 ( German time ) on 20 September 1941 , fired four torpedo es , one of which hit " Empire Burton " and sank her with the loss of two of the 60 crew . The ship was east of Cape Farewell at the time ( ) . The 58 survivors were rescued by and landed at Reykjavík , Iceland . Those lost on " Empire Burton " are commemorated at the Tower Hill Memorial , London . Official Numbers and Code Letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Burton had the United Kingdom Official Number 168915 and used the Code Letters BCMR .
Alfred Madison Barbour Alfred Madison Barbour ( April 17 , 1829 – April 4 , 1866 ) was a prominent American lawyer , delegate to the 1861 Virginia secession convention , and a major in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . Barbour is best known for his role as Superintendent of the Harpers Ferry Armory in Harpers Ferry , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) during John Brown ' s raid . Early life . Barbour was born on April 17 , 1829 in Culpeper County , Virginia . He was the son of John S . Barbour , Member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Virginia ' s 15th congressional district , and his wife Ella A . Byrne . Barbour attended the University of Virginia and Harvard University ' s Harvard Law School . Government service . Following his completion of law school , Barbour served as a pre - war legislator in Virginia . In January 1859 , he was appointed as the Superintendent at the federal armory in Harpers Ferry , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) . He served there until 1861 and the beginning of the American Civil War . In October 1859 , abolitionist John Brown raided the arsenal in order to steal weapons in an attempt to start an armed rebellion by slaves . The raid was successful in capturing the arsenal , but ultimately failed . Along with his brother James Barbour , Barbour was a delegate to the 1861 Virginia secession convention . American Civil War . During the American Civil War , Barbour served in the Confederate States Army as a quartermaster . Barbour served as an aid to both Joseph E . Johnston and Leonidas Polk . As quartermaster , Barbour served in Montgomery , Alabama and Meridian , Mississippi . Jubal Anderson Early disliked Barbour , who termed him " not energetic or efficient . " Death . Alfred Madison Barbour died on April 4 , 1866 in Montgomery , Alabama and was interred at Fairview Cemetery in Culpeper in Culpeper County , Virginia .
Battle of Montmartre The Battle of Montmartre was fought on March 30 , 1814 , between Allied forces and the forces of Napoleon ' s French Empire . The Allies were victorious , entering Paris , and as a result , Napoleon was soon forced to abdicate . Background . The two main Allied Armies linked up at Meaux on 28 March 1814 , the now 107 , 000 strong Allied forces began to march on Paris . Only 23 , 000 troops and incomplete defences defended Paris from the Allies . Battle . The Allies approached Paris from the eastern and northern sides , Marshal Moncey commanding the National Guard made a stand at Clichy , but his two Corps were beaten back at 4 : 00 pm and retreated into the Belleville Heights , and the Suburb of Montmartre . At the Suburb of Montmartre Marshal Marmont was in command , and the final action took place at 2 : 00 am on the 31st March . Aftermath . Following the final action Marmont opened negotiations with the Allies , which started a series of events leading to Napoleon ' s abdication . Napoleon was exiled to Elba , but would return to France the next year , leading to the War of the Seventh Coalition .
Royal Saudi Navy The Royal Saudi Navy is the Naval force of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . The Royal Saudi Navy is sometimes referred to as the RSNF ( Royal Saudi Naval Forces ) . The Navy has about 50 , 000 officers and men , including 12 , 000 Marines . The Naval headquarters is in Riyadh . The Western Fleet is based in the Red Sea with the main base at Jeddah . The Eastern Fleet is based in the Persian Gulf with the headquarters at Jubail . Other naval facilities were located at Yanbu , Dammam , and Ras al Mishab . History . The Navy was founded in 1960 and began a significant expansion with US assistance in 1972 aiming to match the Imperial Iranian Navy . Following the Iranian Revolution a further expansion programme was initiated with French assistance , this was the Sawari programme . Further vessels were purchased from Britain and France in the 1980s and 1990s . In 1980 , U . S . defense contractor Science Applications International Corporation began work with the Royal Saudi Navy to design and integrate the country ' s own command , control , and communications ( C3 ) centers . Ships . The navy is a modern force with foreign built ships : The helicopter deck at the stern has a single landing spot for a medium size helicopter , such as the Eurocopter AS 365 Dauphin or the larger AS 532 Cougar or NH90 helicopters . It was believed the Saudis intended to order two new British - built Type 45 Destroyer s , however production of the destroyers is now coming to an end and no order has been made . Another Destroyer that the Saudis are considering is the American built Arleigh Burke class destroyer , having been briefed by the US Navy in May , 2011 on the acquisition of two Destroyers in a package that also includes an unknown number of Littoral Combat Ship s . Others . Many smaller patrol craft , 2 Danish built Royal yachts Future . Saudi Arabia wants to buy five German submarines for around €2 . 5 billion ( $ 3 . 4 billion ) and more than two dozen more in the future Ranks . Officers Enlisted
Army Modeling & Simulation Office Army Modeling & Simulation Office ( AMSO ) is a US Army organization within the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff G - 8 of the United States Army , Center for Army Analysis ( CAA ) . Previously , the AMSO transitioned from the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff G - 3 / 5 / 7 . Mission . The mission of AMSO is to guide , coordinate , integrate , and synchronize strategic M & S efforts across the Army in order to create unity of effort and purpose . AMSO also develops and implements a coherent and unified Army M & S strategy to organize and equip the Army with M & S capabilities in support of Operating and Generating Force functions and institutional processes . As Proponent for Functional Area 57 Simulation Operations & Battle Command Officers , and Career Program 36 M & S Civilians , AMSO recruits , trains , supplies , and maintains a professional M & S workforce . Vision . By 2016 , leaders at all levels , from the Generating and Operating Forces down to platoon level will routinely employ models and simulations that support decision - making , course of action development , mission planning , rehearsal , and operations . Strategic Objectives . The Army Modeling & Simulation Strategy signed by the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 2008 identified five strategic objectives < see AMSO website > vital to the Modeling and Simulation enterprise to achieve the Army intent . The technical and cultural boundaries between modeling , simulation , and games are increasingly blurring , providing broader access to capabilities in modeling and simulation and further credibility to game - based applications . The National Research Council ’ s Committee on Modeling , Simulation , and Games , conducted a study whose purpose was to provide a technical assessment of Modeling , Simulation , and Games ( MS & G ) research and development worldwide and to identify future applications of this technology and its potential impacts on government and society . This study , entitled , " " The Rise of Games and High Performance Computing for Modeling and Simulation " " , identifies feasible applications of gaming and simulation for military systems ; associated vulnerabilities of , risks to , and impacts on critical defense capabilities ; and other significant indicators and warnings that can help prevent or mitigate surprises related to technology applications by those with hostile intent . The report recommends priorities for future action by appropriate departments of the intelligence community ( IC ) , 1 the Department of Defense ( DoD ) research community , and other government entities . Responsibilities . • Organize and equip Army M & S • Train & supply qualified M & S professionals to the Army
Château du Fleckenstein Château du Fleckenstein is a castle in the commune of Lembach , in the Bas - Rhin département of France . This fortress , built in the shape of 52 m long boat , has a long history . The castle was built on a sandstone summit in the Middle Ages . An ingenious system for collecting rainwater fed a cistern and a hoist allowed water and other loads to be moved to the upper floors . History . A castle is known to have existed on the site in 1165 . It is named after the Fleckenstein family , owners until the death of the last male heir in 1720 when it passed to the Vitzthum d ' Egersberg family . The family had had a lordship that consisted of 4 separate small territories in the Bas - Rhin département . In 1807 , it passed to J . - L . Apffel and in 1812 to General Harty , baron of Pierrebourg ( the French for Fleckenstein : " stone town " ) . In 1919 it became the property of the French state . The rock and the castle have been modified and modernised many times . Of the Romanesque castle , remains include steps cut into the length of the rock , troglodyte rooms and a cistern . The lower part of the well tower dates from the 13th or 14th century , the rest from the 15th and 16th . The inner door in the lower courtyard carries the faded inscription 1407 ( or 1423 ) ; the outer door 1429 ( or 1428 ) . The stairwell tower is decorated with the arms of Friedrich von Fleckenstein ( died 1559 ) and those of his second wife , Catherine von Cronberg ( married 1537 ) . The 16th - century castle , modernised between 1541 and 1570 , was shared between the two branches of the Fleckenstein family . Documents from the 16th century describe the castle and a watercolour copy of a 1562 tapestry shows its appearance in this period . The castle was destroyed in 1689 by General Melac . Major restoration work was carried out after 1870 , around 1908 and again since 1958 . Château du Fleckenstein has been listed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture since 1898 .
Jean de Lacoste Jean de Lacoste ( 1730 – 1820 ) was a lawyer in the parliament of Bordeaux who became chief clerk of the Navy , on the eve of the Revolution . He was sent to the Caribbean to retain control for the new colonial regime . He was Minister of the Navy from 15 March 1792 to 10 July 1792 . He was indicted by the court ' s criminal department , which acquitted him . After the coup of 18 Brumaire Year VIII ( 9 November 1799 ) , he was appointed member of the council and retained office until the abolition of it in 1814 .
Douglas Kelley Lt . Colonel Douglas McGlashan Kelley ( 11 August 1912 – January 1 , 1958 ) was an United States Army Military Intelligence Corps officer who served as chief psychiatrist at Nuremberg Prison during the Nuremberg War Trials . He was charged with ascertaining defendants ' competency evaluations before standing trial . Life and career . Kelley was born in Truckee , California . He graduated from University of California at Berkeley and got his medical degree from the School of Medicine in San Francisco . He continued his studies at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , earning a Doctor of Medical Science in 1941 . In 1942 he was called to duty in the United States Army Medical Corps as chief psychiatrist for the 30th General Hospital in the European Theatre . Along with psychologist Gustave Gilbert , they administered the Rorsach inkblot test to 22 Nazis inmates prior to their trials . Kelley authored two books on the subject : " Twenty - two Cells in Nuremberg " and " The Case of Rudolph Hess " . Upon honorary discharge in 1946 , Kelley was appointed Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine in North Carolina . In 1949 he was appointed Professor of Criminology at UC Berkeley . He committed suicide in front of his wife and children on New Year ' s Day 1958 , ingesting a capsule of potassium cyanide . Kelley was portrayed by Stuart Bunce in the 2006 BBC docudrama " " . Jack El - Hai ' s nonfiction book " The Nazi And The Psychiatrist " explores the complex relationship between Kelley and Nazi Hermann Goering .
USS Maratanza ( 1861 ) USS " Maratanza " ( 1862 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Double - ender , wooden steamer " Maratanza " , built at Boston Navy Yard in 1861 , was launched 26 November and commissioned at Boston , Massachusetts , 12 April 1862 , Comdr . G . H . Scott in command . Supporting the Peninsular Campaign of General McClellan . Immediately after commissioning , " Maratanza " saw service in support of General George B . McClellan ' s Peninsula Campaign , operating on the York and James rivers from April to September 1862 . After participating in the capture of Yorktown 3 May , " Maratanza " shelled various points , including Wormley ' s Creek , Murrell ' s Inlet , and Fort Darling ( Drewry ' s Bluff ) . En route to scouting Turkey Bend , 4 July , she engaged and captured the CSS " Teaser " at Haxall ' s . Blockade duty off the Carolina coast . After the collapse of the Peninsula Campaign , " Maratanza " departed Hampton Roads , Virginia , 15 September for blockade and cruising duty off Wilmington , North Carolina , firing on Fort Casswell the 25th . She remained there on patrol duty through much of the conflict , joining in capturing sloop " Express " off the South Carolina coast 4 May and capturing sloop " Ceres " on Western Bar , Smith ' s Island , North Carolina , 7 December . Participating in the bombardment of Fort Fisher . As Union forces assembled to move against Wilmington , " Maratanza " participated in the bombardment of Fort Fisher 24 and 25 December 1864 and 13 through 15 January 1865 when Admiral David Dixon Porter noted that the Union had enough forces there to hold against the whole Southern Confederacy . " Maratanza " captured steamers " Stag " and " Charlotte " 20 January . She participated in the bombardment and capture of Fort Anderson 19 February , opening the way to Wilmington . In March , General William Tecumseh Sherman was at Fayetteville , North Carolina , where boat crews from " Maratanza " , two other gunboats , and rendezvoused with him , opening communications between Sherman ’ s position and the coast . End - of - war decommissioning , sale and civilian career . After the end of the conflict , " Maratanza " was detached from her station on Cape Fear River in June and was ordered north , arriving at the Portsmouth Navy Yard ( Maine ) the 18th and decommissioning the 21st of June 1865 . She remained in ordinary at Portsmouth until sold to A . B . & C . W . Lewis in August 1868 . She subsequently served as a Haiti an gunboat under the names " Salnave " and " Union " .
The Red Fighter Pilot The Red Fighter Pilot ( German : " Der Rote Kampfflieger " ) is a book written by Manfred von Richthofen , a famous German fighter pilot ace with eighty air combat victories to his credit . Richthofen ' s most common German nickname was " Der Rote Kampfflieger " . The book details some of Richthofen ' s experiences during World War I . He finished the book in 1917 , and as it was written during the World War I , it was subjected to war - time censorship . Richthofen was killed in combat in 1918 . " The Red Fighter Pilot " was the only book he ever wrote .
Battle of N ' Djamena ( 2006 ) The Battle of N ' Djamena was a battle between the forces of the revolutionary United Front for Democratic Change ( UFCD ) and the military of Chad that occurred on 13 April 2006 when rebel forces launched an assault on the capital of Chad in the pre - dawn hours , attempting to overthrow the government of President Idriss Déby Itno from their bases an estimated thousand miles east . The battle occurred just months after serious Chad - Sudan tensions ended with the signing of the Tripoli Agreement . Déby broke off relations with the government of Sudan as a result , expelling its diplomats and threatened to stop sheltering thousands of Sudanese refugees from the Darfur region . The Muslim - controlled government of Sudan has also been documented by the United Nations to have engaged in mass murder of approximately 100 , 000 non - Arab civilians in Darfur in the period 2003 – 2006 . The battle . The rebels attempted to seize the National Assembly building , but the assault was easily repulsed by the much more heavily armed Chadian government forces . At least 400 people , including 370 rebels , 30 government forces and some civilians , were killed in the fighting . 271 rebels were captured and paraded through the Place d ' Independance the next day . Reactions . Chad . President Déby blamed the attack on the government of neighboring Sudan , claiming that many of the attackers were either Sudanese backed by their government or residents of Chad conscripted by the Sudanese . Subsequently , he threatened to expel 200 , 000 Sudanese refugees sheltering in the east of the country after repeating accusations that Sudan supports rebels who launched a new offensive to oust him . Déby backed away from this threat on 17 April 2006 . Déby repeatedly has accused Sudan of hiring mercenaries to overthrow his government . Sudan has denied the accusation , and in turn has accused Chad of supporting fighters in its volatile Darfur region , where Arab militias and African rebels have fought for nearly three years . Déby claimed that the rebel attack was designed to encourage a constitutional vacuum leading to civil war , by disrupting the forthcoming May 3 presidential election , an election in which President Déby , who had been Chad ' s leader for sixteen years , successfully ran for a third term . Déby dismissed the rebels as " petty mercenaries " and described the attack as " amateurish " , saying that he was " not going anywhere " . According to Déby , on the morning of the rebel attack , he " knew they were coming " , and he and his wife Hinda were " listening to the cannon fire " while " [ taking ] our breakfast of strong coffee and warm croissant . " Other . The actions of the rebel forces were condemned by the United Nations Security Council . Secretary General Kofi Annan was quoted as saying he was " greatly troubled by the worsening security situation in Chad " . The Central African Republic closed off its border with Sudan on 14 April saying that the rebels had crossed into its territory on their way to N ' Djamena .
Foreign War The Foreign War ( Greek : Ξενικὸς Πόλεμος " Xenikos Polemos " ) was fought between the forces of Knossos with the help of mercenaries under the ousted Phocian leader Phalaikos and the forces of Lyttos who received help from the Spartans ( who were founders of their city ) under their King Archidamus III . The war took place in 346 BC . Knossos wanted to strengthen their hegemony of Crete but received opposition from the Lyttians . In response Knossos employed foreign mercenaries under the former Phocian leader Phalaikos . In 346 , Knossos declared war against Lyttos . Phalaikos who was given command of the forces of Knossos and of the mercenaries was about to seize Lyttos when the Lyttians asked the Spartans for help . The Spartans under King Archidamus rushed to help the Lyttians . The Spartans came in time to save Lyttos and defeat Phalaikos . Phalaikos then turned against Kydonia . This decision proved fatal for Phalaikos who was slain in the siege and his army was destroyed . This war proved to be a turning point in Cretan history since it was the first time foreign forces had come to Crete and interfered in Cretan affairs .
114th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 114th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 114th Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Butler , Illinois and mustered into Federal service on September 18 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on August 3 , 1865 and discharged at Camp Butler , Illinois on August 15 , 1865 . Total strength . The regiment consisted of 895 officers and enlisted men that were accepted into service with the unit . Reactivation . On January 10 , 1969 , the 114th was reactivated by Governor Samuel H . Shapiro . The members of the reactivated 114th Illinois Infantry still serve the State of Illinois in the following ways : References . < div class = " references - small " > * Satterlee , John L . 1979 . The Journal & The 114th , 1861 to 1865 : [ also anecdotes and incidents . Springfield , Ill : Phillips Brothers .