naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Movement for the Liberation of the Congo The Movement for the Liberation of the Congo ( ) is a political party in Democratic Republic of the Congo . It was a rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of Congo that fought the government throughout the Second Congo War . It subsequently took part in the transitional government and is now the main opposition party . It is often referred to by its original French name Mouvement de Libération du Congo and sometimes Mouvement de Libération Congolais . During the war , the MLC was backed by the government of Uganda and controlled much of the north of the country , in particular the province of Équateur . It is led by former businessman Jean - Pierre Bemba , who became vice - president following the 2002 peace agreement . The town of Gbadolite is the headquarters of the MLC . The MLC was the primary instrument of Uganda during the war , as the Rally for Congolese Democracy was dominated by Rwanda . As part of the Inter - Congolese dialogue , Brig - Gen Malik Kijege of the MLC was named head of military logistics , while Maj - Gen Dieudonné Amuli Bahigwa was named head of the navy . Two of the DRC ' s ten military districts were also given to the MLC , and Bemba was allowed to appoint and dismiss the foreign minister of the DRC . Bemba , as the MLC candidate , came second in the 2006 presidential election , and the party gained 64 out of 500 seats in the parliament - the second highest number for any political party . In the 19 January 2007 Senate elections , the party won 14 out of 108 seats . Fighting broke out in Kinshasa in March 2007 between the army and Bemba ' s guards , who were supposed to have been integrated into the army but had not been due to what were said to be concerns about Bemba ' s security . The army prevailed in the fighting , and Bemba took refuge in the South African embassy . On April 8 , the MLC released a statement in which it said that its headquarters had been occupied by government forces since the fighting and that it was being persecuted through arbitrary arrests and intimidation . On April 13 , the party suspended its participation in the National Assembly ( but not in the Senate ) due to what it described as a " climate of permanent insecurity " . This came shortly after the alleged looting of the home of a MLC member of parliament by government forces . On April 21 , the party was allowed access to its previously - occupied buildings in the capital , which were found to have been plundered . On April 25 , the party ended its boycott of the National Assembly after Kabila agreed to meet with representatives of the opposition . Following the killing of Daniel Botethi , a member of the MLC who was serving as Vice - President of the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa , the MLC announced on July 6 , 2008 that it was suspending its participation in the National Assembly , the Senate , and the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa . The MLC ended this boycott after a week .
John N . Reese , Jr . John Noah Reese , Jr . ( June 13 , 1923 – February 9 , 1945 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Reese joined the Army from Pryor , Oklahoma in December 1942 , and by February 9 , 1945 was serving as a private first class in Company B , 148th Infantry Regiment , 37th Infantry Division . On that day , during an attack on the Paco Railroad Station in Manila , the Philippines , Reese and fellow soldier Private Cleto L . Rodriguez went ahead of their unit , took a position closer to the station , and began firing on the Japan ese defenders . Together they killed over eighty Japanese soldiers before a shortage of ammunition forced them to turn back . Reese was killed while trying to return to the American lines ; he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later , on October 19 , 1945 . Private Rodriguez survived the battle and was also awarded the Medal of Honor . Reese , aged 21 at his death , was buried in Fort Gibson National Cemetery , Fort Gibson , Oklahoma . Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class Reese ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He was engaged in the attack on the Paco Railroad Station , which was strongly defended by 300 determined enemy soldiers with machineguns and rifles , supported by several pillboxes , 3 20mm . guns , 1 37 - mm . gun and heavy mortars . While making a frontal assault across an open field , his platoon was halted 100 yards from the station by intense enemy fire . On his own initiative he left the platoon , accompanied by a comrade , and continued forward to a house 60 yards from the objective . Although under constant enemy observation , the 2 men remained in this position for an hour , firing at targets of opportunity , killing more than 35 Japanese and wounding many more . Moving closer to the station and discovering a group of Japanese replacements attempting to reach pillboxes , they opened heavy fire , killed more than 40 and stopped all subsequent attempts to man the emplacements . Enemy fire became more intense as they advanced to within 20 yards of the station . From that point Pfc . Reese provided effective covering fire and courageously drew enemy fire to himself while his companion killed 7 Japanese and destroyed a 20 - mm . gun and heavy machinegun with handgrenades . With their ammunition running low , the 2 men started to return to the American lines , alternately providing covering fire for each other as they withdrew . During this movement , Pfc . Reese was killed by enemy fire as he reloaded his rifle . The intrepid team , in 2½ hours of fierce fighting , killed more than 82 Japanese , completely disorganized their defense and paved the way for subsequent complete defeat of the enemy at this strong point . By his gallant determination in the face of tremendous odds , aggressive fighting spirit , and extreme heroism at the cost of his life , Pfc . Reese materially aided the advance of our troops in Manila and providing a lasting inspiration to all those with whom he served .
German submarine U - 45 ( 1938 ) German submarine " U - 45 " was a Type VIIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was ordered on 21 November 1936 and laid down on 23 February 1937 at " F . Krupp Germaniawerft AG " in Kiel as ' werk ' 580 . She was launched on 27 April 1938 and commissioned on 25 June 1938 under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " ( " Kptlt . " ) Alexander Gelhaar . During her " Kriegsmarine " service , " U - 45 " conducted only two war patrols and sank two vessels for a loss of . While operating with others in an attack on an Allied convoy , " U - 45 " was sunk by depth charges from the British destroyers , " Ivanhoe " and " Intrepid " on 14 October 1939 southwest of Ireland . First war patrol . Her training exercises completed , " U - 45 " left Kiel on her first war patrol on 19 August 1939 ( prior to the outbreak of World War II ) under the command of " Kptlt . " Alexander Gelhaar . During 28 days at sea no enemy vessels were attacked and the submarine returned to her base at Kiel on 15 September 1939 . Second war patrol . Sailing again on 9 October 1939 under the command of " Kptlt . " Alexander Gelhaar , " U - 45 " began her second and final war patrol . On 14 October , the U - boat sighted and attacked convoy KJF - 3 about 230 miles southwest of Ireland . This attack yielded the only two successes by " U - 45 " , the 9 , 205 British freighter " Lochavon " and the 10 , 108 French merchant ship " Bretagne " . " U - 45 " also attacked but failed to damage the 10 , 350 ton British steam merchantman " Karamea " ; the single torpedo fired at this ship detonated prematurely ( a common problem early in the war ) . Survivors of this attack were picked up by and landed at Plymouth . " U - 45 " was depth - charged and sunk by other escorts ; all 38 crew members went down with the submarine .
Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara The Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara ( ) was a military academy in Guadalajara , Spain . It operated in Guadalajara from 1833 until its move to Segovia in 1932 as part of its merger with the Artillery Academy ( " Academia de Artilleros " ) . The Academy was located in the Montesclaros Palace , in the west of the city , until a 1924 fire destroyed part of the premises and an important collection of models , documents , books , and artworks . Between 1924 and its final move , its activities were continued in the palace ' s annex buildings that today serve as the General Military Archive of Guadalajara ( " Archivo General Militar de Guadalajara " ) and the palace of Antonio de Mendoza . Many important figures attended or taught at the Academy , including Mariano Barberán , Eduardo Barrón , Alejandro Goicoechea , Emilio Herrera Linares , Alfredo Kindelán , José Ortiz Echagüe , and Pedro Vives Vich .
USS McCall ( DD - 28 ) USS " McCall " ( DD - 28 ) was a in the United States Navy during World War I and later in the United States Coast Guard , designated CG - 14 . She was the first ship named for Edward McCall . " McCall " was laid down on 8 June 1909 by the New York Shipbuilding Company , Camden , New Jersey , launched on 4 June 1910 , sponsored by Miss Jessie Willits , and commissioned on 23 January 1911 , Lieutenant Commander J . T . Tomkins in command . United States Navy . Attached to the Torpedo Flotilla , Atlantic Fleet , " McCall " operated along the Atlantic coast , primarily out of Newport , Rhode Island and the Chesapeake Bay area . Each winter found her with the fleet in Cuban waters for maneuvers . In 1916 , " McCall " made Neutrality Patrol s off New York and along the New England coast . On 14 June 1917 , following overhaul at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , she steamed to New York to escort a troop convoy to Europe . The destroyer continued escort duties in the western Atlantic until January 1918 , when she sailed for Queenstown , Ireland . Arriving there on 22 February , she provided escort and rescue services until 16 December . Upon return to the United States in January 1919 , she resumed east coast operations until decommissioning at Philadelphia on 12 December 1919 and placed in the reserve fleet . United States Coast Guard . " McCall " was transferred to the United States Coast Guard on 7 June 1924 and commissioned into service 17 June 1925 after after a lengthy overhaul . Stationed at New London , Connecticut , she was part of the Rum Patrol . The Coast Guard decommissioned her 12 August 1930 . She was returned to the Navy on 18 October 1930 , and was scrapped and sold on 2 May 1934 , in accordance with the London Naval Treaty .
Fort Blockhouse Fort Blockhouse is a military establishment in Gosport , Hampshire , England , and the final version of a complicated site . It is surrounded on 3 sides by water and provides the best view of the entrance to Portsmouth Harbour . It is unique in two respects - firstly , it was built over a number of centuries . Secondly , it is thought to be the oldest fortified position in the United Kingdom that is still in active military use . History . Following the burning of Portsmouth during the Hundred Years ' War , money was set aside in 1417 to provide protection for Portsmouth Harbour . A blockhouse was first built on the Gosport side of the harbour in 1431 after authorisation by Henry VI . The defences were upgraded in 1495 and armed with 5 guns . The blockhouse was replaced in 1539 by an eight - gun battery under the orders of Henry VIII after his divorce from Catherine of Aragon . The first firing of the guns is believed to have occurred during the English Civil War when the guns were aimed at Southsea Castle after Parliamentary troops had captured it . The aim was not good , however , and the cannon ball landed in St . Thomas ' Church in Old Portsmouth . The original fort is believed to have disappeared by 1667 when Bernard de Gomme installed a 21 gun battery for Charles II . But in 1708 the fort was rebuilt on an irregular trace . Upgrading was done at the turn of the 19th century , and again in 1845 , from which time most remains date . The site was considered obsolete by the 1859 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom , and it was turned over to the Royal Navy in 1905 and , as HMS Dolphin , it became the home of the submarine service . In 1992 , it was announced that the submarine fleet would be leaving HMS Dolphin and moving west to HMNB Devonport . The last submarine left Dolphin in 1994 , although the submarine school remained until 1999 . HMS Dolphin was formally decommissioned in 1998 and the base was renamed as Fort Blockhouse . The site is open for tours in September each year as part of the Heritage Open Days scheme you are advised to check dates etc . With the closure of Royal Hospital Haslar to serving Service Personnel , Fort Blockhouse is now known as Support Unit Fort Blockhouse , and staff support many lodger units .
Benno Martin Benno Martin ( Kaiserslautern February 12 , 1893 - July 2 , 1975 Munich ) was a Gestapo chief , SS - Obergruppenführer , General of the Waffen - SS and Police and Higher SS leader ( Polizei und Höherer SS ) in Nuremberg . He was also a member of the Nazi party , joining in 1933 , ( NSDAP no . 2 - 714 - 474 ) a year before joining the SS ( SS no . 187 - 117 ) in Nazi era Germany . Martin fought in the German Imperial Army in the First World War in which he was awarded Iron Cross first and second class . After Germany ' s defeat , he joined the Freikorps in 1919 . He obtained his Juris doctorate after the war and then joined the police department in Nuremberg in 1923 , rising through the ranks to chief of police in Nuremberg . He was indicted and tried for complicity in the deportation of Franconian Jews to Auschwitz but was acquitted of the charges .
T11 torpedo The T11 was a torpedo developed for German U - boats during World War II . The torpedo was electric and had an effective range of 5 , 700 meters at a speed of 24 knots ( 44 km / h ) . This torpedo employed acoustic , passive homing to find its target after a straight run of 400 meters . This evolution of the G7es torpedo was created to counter the Allies ' " Foxer " noise - maker countermeasure . This weapon was never actually employed in wartime as Germany had surrendered by the time testing was fully completed . Three T11 torpedoes were aboard U - 534 when it was sunk in 1945 ; they were salvaged in 1993 .
Crusade of Fire Crusade of Fire ( ISBN 0 - 446 - 61090 - 9 ) is an anthology edited by Katherine Kurtz . " Crusade of Fire " is the third anthology in the " Tales of the Knights Templar " series about the Templars . It consists of eight different tales that concern the more mystical and mysterious side of the military religious order . These tales span from the actual period of the Templars ' existence to more contemporary myths . The previous anthologies in the series were " Tales of the Knights Templar " ( ISBN 0 - 446 - 60138 - 1 ) and " One Crusade : More Tales of the Knights Templar " ( ISBN 0 - 446 - 61317 - 7 ) .
Mostaganem Airport Mostaganem Airport is a civilian airport in Mostaganem Province , Algeria , located about 280 km west - southwest of Algiers . The airport has no commercial air service , and is sparsely used by general aviation . World War II . During World War II , the facility was known as " Matemore Airfield " . It was a major Twelfth Air Force Troop Carrier transport base of operations during the North African Campaign against the German Afrika Korps . It was used by the following combat units :
Stalag XVIII - D Stalag XVIII - D ( also known as Stalag 306 ) was a German Prisoner of War camp at Maribor ( German : Marburg an der Drau ) in what is now Slovenia . It opened in the spring or early summer of 1941 , operating until the end of the war . By July 1941 Stalag XVIII - D contained nearly 4 , 500 British and Commonwealth prisoners captured in Greece and Crete . Conditions initially were very poor , with more than 1 , 000 men accommodated in tents while huts were being constructed . There was an outbreak of typhus in early 1942 . However the situation improved as the war went on . Escapes assisted by Yugoslav Partisans became increasingly common , with most escapers being led south to the Partisan base and airfield at Semič in Bela Krajina . In August 1944 , the largest mass rescue of POWs of the war in Europe took place when 105 Allied prisoners from a work camp administered by Stalag XVIII - D were freed by Partisans in the raid at Ožbalt . Between August and November 1942 there was a second camp at Maribor , Stalag XVIII - B / Z . Footnote . Sources put the opening date as March 1941 ; this cannot be correct , as Yugoslavia was not invaded by Germany until 6 April .
William E . Kapelle William E . Kapelle ( born in Baldwin City , Kansas ) is a medieval historian at Brandeis University in Waltham , Massachusetts . He received his B . A at the University of Kansas in 1965 , and completed his M . A . there five years later . Kapelle also received his doctorate at the University of Kansas , and has taught at Brandeis for more than twenty years . He is noted for the argument , among others , that the North of England was not really brought under Norman control until the reign of Henry I .
No . 141 Squadron RAF No . 141 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was formed on 1 January 1918 at Rochford , for home defence in the London Area . The Squadron moved to RAF Biggin Hill in February and giving up its mixed collection of types in favour of Bristol F . 2 Fighter s during March . In March 1919 , it moved to Ireland , and was disbanded the following year , on 1 February 1920 . 141 Sqn was reformed on 4 October 1939 at RAF Turnhouse and was first equipped with Gloster Gladiator s then Bristol Blenheim s . These were replaced with the Boulton Paul Defiant s in April 1940 . The first operational patrol was flown on 29 June before moving to RAF West Malling in July . Following an unsuccessful encounter with the enemy a few days later , the squadron changed from a day - to night - fighter role , more suited to the Defiant . In September , a detachment was sent back to southern England but this time for night patrols and the whole squadron moved there in October . In April 1941 , No . 141 returned to Scotland where it converted to Beaufighters for the defence of central Scotland and north - east England . In June 1942 it moved to Tangmere for local defence and in February 1943 to south - west England where it began flying intruder missions over north - west France . At the end of April 1943 , it was transferred to Wittering and began flying intruder sorties over German airfields in support of Bomber Command in June . Mosquitoes began to replace the Beaufighters in October and in December the Squadron joined No . 100 Group , sending aircraft with Bomber Command ' s main force to attack enemy night - fighters and their bases . This type of operation continued until the German surrender and on 7 September 1945 the Squadron was disbanded . On 17 June 1946 , No . 141 reformed at Wittering , again as a Mosquito night - fighter Squadron . In September 1951 , it began to convert to Meteors and replaced these with Venoms in 1955 . Javelins began to arrive in February 1957 and were flown until the Squadron was renumbered 41 Squadron on 1 February 1958 . On 1 April 1959 , No . 141 was reformed as a Bloodhound anti - aircraft missile unit at Dunholme Lodge , disbanding on 31 March 1964 . The Squadron motto " Caedimus noctu " ( Latin : " We slay by night " ) derives from this period . Stations served during the Battle of Britain included : Turnhouse , RAF West Malling , RAF Prestwick , RAF Dyce and RAF Montrose , RAF Biggin Hill , RAF Gatwick , and RAF Drem . Later on the Squadron operated the Serrate radar detector and conducted " Long Range Intruder " operations over occupied Europe from RAF West Raynham in Norfolk .
Convoy SC 67 Convoy SC 67 was the 67th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney , Cape Breton Island to Liverpool . The convoy left Halifax on 30 January 1942 and picked up a tran - Atlantic escort in Newfoundland . This marked the start of the allied end - to - end convoy escort system , which remained in effect until the end of the war . The convoy was found by on 10 February , and attacked by of 6th U - boat Flotilla , operating out of St Nazaire . Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 15 February .
York Cold War Bunker The York Cold War Bunker is a two - storey semi - subterranean Cold War bunker in the Holgate area of York , England , built in 1961 to monitor nuclear explosions and fallout in Yorkshire in the event of nuclear war . The building was used throughout its operational existence as the regional headquarters and control centre for No . 20 Group Royal Observer Corps YORK between 1961 and 1991 . It is an English Heritage Scheduled Monument and was opened in 2006 by English Heritage as a tourist attraction . During its Cold War operational period the building could have supported 60 local volunteer members of the Royal Observer Corps inclusive of a ten man United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation scientific warning team . They would have collated details of nuclear bombs exploded within the UK and tracked radioactive fallout across the Yorkshire region , warning the public of its approach . The fully restored building contains air filtration and generating plant , kitchen and canteen , dormitories , radio and landline communication equipment and specialist 1980s computers and a fully equipped operations room with vertical illuminated perspex maps . The attraction opens every 1st and 3rd weekends of each month and Bank Holidays from 10am - 3pm and is only accessible by one hour long tours , departing every 30 minutes and includes a 10 minute ( PG rated ) informational video about nuclear war . Access on weekdays is by arrangement for school and other interested group visits .
Cryptologic technician Cryptologic Technician ( CT ) is a United States Navy enlisted rating or job specialty . The CT community performs a wide range of tasks in support of the national intelligence - gathering effort , with an emphasis on cryptology and signal intelligence related products . Most CT personnel are required to obtain and maintain security clearances . Due to the highly classified and secure work environment requiring very restricted access , it is not always possible to share resources with other commands , leading to their shipboard nickname , ' spooks ' . Almost every detail surrounding the CT world from administration to operations to repair requires dedicated technicians with appropriate security clearances ( this accounts for the many branches of the CT rating , i . e . CTI , CTM , CTN , CTR , CTT ) . The contribution of an individual CT will depend upon the branch or career area . Members of the CT community enjoy a wide range of career and training options . Once trained , a CT might serve ashore , afloat or in an airborne capacity . ( It is rare , but some have earned all three , i . e . dolphins , wings and swords over the course of a career . ) A CT can expect overseas assignments of lengthy duration .
Bombay Light Horse The Bombay Light Horse was raised in 1885 and formed part of the Cavalry Reserve in the British Indian Army . The regiment was disbanded following India ' s independence in 1947 . A light horse regiment was roughly equivalent to a battalion in strength ( ~ 400 men ) and its troops typically fought as mounted infantry rather than traditional cavalry .