naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Dawn ( 1857 ) The first USS " Dawn " was a steam - operated vessel acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . " Dawn " — a screw steamer — was built in 1857 by Samuel Sneden , New York City ; chartered on 26 April 1861 and purchased on 12 October 1861 ; outfitted at New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned on 9 May 1861 , Commander W . Chandler in command . Assigned to the Potomac Flotilla . Assigned to duty with the Potomac Flotilla , " Dawn " sailed from New York on 11 May and took station at the mouth of the York River on blockade duty until 24 September . During this time , she captured three ships with contraband goods and passengers on board . After repairs at Washington Navy Yard , she was sent up the Rappahannock River on blockade duty in November . Reassigned to the South Atlantic Blockade . " Dawn " had a new boiler installed at New York Navy Yard from 7 February - 27 April 1862 , then stood out for Port Royal , South Carolina , for service with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron . Arriving on station on 14 May , she patrolled the coastal and inland waters of South Carolina , Georgia , and Florida , frequently exchanging fire with enemy shore batteries , and joining in the attacks on Fort McAllister of 27 January - 1 February 1863 . She also assisted in the capture of several blockade runner s , including the Confederate privateer " Nashville " with a valuable cargo of cotton . Operating with the North Atlantic Blockade . Out of commission at New York from 9 July - 2 December for repairs , Dawn departed on 10 December to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and cruised in the James River from 14 December 1863 – 25 March 1865 , performing picket duty and assisting in keeping the river banks free from enemy batteries . On 24 May 1864 , she was influential in the defence of Wilson ' s Wharf , Virginia near Charles City . The wharf ' s garrison of 1 , 100 USCT under the command of Brigadier General Edward A . Wild was assaulted by 2 , 500 Confederate cavalrymen under the command of Major General Fitzhugh Lee . Between the stout resistance of the USCT troops and the " Dawn " s guns , the Confederates were driven back . Wilson ' s Wharf and the soon to be completed Fort Pocahontas remained in Union hands for the duration of the war . Post - war decommissioning and sale . " Dawn " was placed out of commission on 17 June 1865 at Portsmouth Navy Yard and later taken to Boston Navy Yard and sold on 1 November .
Atomic veteran Atomic veterans are United States military veterans who were exposed to ionizing radiation while stationing in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the American occupation of Japan before 1946 ( including certain veterans who were Prisoners of War there ) or who took part in atmospheric nuclear tests ( 1945 - 1962 ) . The Defense Threat Reduction Agency ' s ( DTRA ) Nuclear Test Personnel Review ( NTPR ) has maintained a database of participants and radiation dose reconstructions since 1978 . Dose reconstructions are used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs ( VA ) to evaluate and decide veterans ' claims filed under the provisions of Public Law ( PL ) 98 - 542 and implementing regulations in Title 38 of the Code of Federal Regulations , part 3 . 311 . Atomic Veterans receive special priority enrollment for health care services from VA for radiation - related conditions . In addition , Atomic Veterans are eligible to participate in an ionizing radiation registry examination program operated by VA . The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ ) has a different compensation program established by the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act ( RECA ) . Atomic Veterans who participated in atmospheric nuclear tests may be eligible . Epidemiological studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors have shown exposure to radiation to be associated with a number of disorders including leukemia , various cancers and cataracts .
USS Cornubia ( 1858 ) The SS " Cornubia " was built in Hayle , Cornwall , by Harvey & Co . in 1858 as a packet ship and ferry for the Hayle Steam Packet Company . Sleek and painted white , with two funnels mounted close together amidships and with a high bridge over her paddle wheels , she plied the Hayle / St Ives to Bristol route in the days when the Great Western Railway had not penetrated as far as West Cornwall . She was given the name " Cornubia " from the Latinised name for Cornwall and was a fast iron paddle steamer , long and narrow at long and with a beam . Her Harveys - built twin oscillating side - wheel engines with four boilers and stroke produced and was capable of propelling the vessel at over . Her shallow , draft was initially designed to cope with the shallow harbours in Cornwall , but proved to be very useful in her later life . Confederate Navy Service . During the American Civil War , agents for the Confederacy purchased " Cornubia " and took her over the Atlantic where she was officially renamed " Lady Davis " though by all accounts her old name " Cornubia " was also commonly used . She proved to be a very good investment . Her speed , manoeuvrability and shallow draft making her an excellent blockade runner . She successfully avoided and outran Union forces on 22 occasions bringing vital supplies to the confederate army at Wilmington . On her 23rd run on 8 November 1863 , however luck ran out for " Cornubia " . She was pursued by and was forced to run up onto the beach at New Inlet . The ship ' s captain , Richard Gayle , the ship ' s carpenter and one seaman remained onboard and helped other crew and passengers to escape to shore . Later that same day , arrived on the scene and on the rising tide towed the still - intact " Cornubia " free . She was then sent to Boston as a Prize together with the bags of waterlogged mail . The abandoned mail proved to be a vital aid to the Union , gaining an insight into the Confederacy plans and in particularly the role that British seamen were taking in blockade running . Union Navy Service . " Cornubia " was purchased from the Boston Prize court and then commissioned in the Union Navy on 17 March 1864 and assigned to the role of blockading the waters around Mobile and Pensacola , before later being reassigned to the coast of Texas . The blockade runner had now become a blockader . On 21 April 1865 , " Cornubia " captured the blockade - running schooner " Chaos " . On 24 May , " Cornubia " captured the guard boat " Le Compt " where a cache of arms was found . Later the same day , " Cornubia " assisted in the pursuit and sinking of the Confederate steamer " Denbigh " . Following the evacuation of Galveston on 22 May , " Cornubia " was put on duty removing the harbour obstructions . On 3 August , " Cornubia " was officially decommissioned from the Union Navy and was sold on 25 October .
Baltic Defence College The Baltic Defence College ( official acronym BALTDEFCOL , commonly also BDCOL ) is a multi - lateral co - operative military college which educates officers from not only the three Baltic States ( Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania ) , but also from NATO and EU States and other European States as Ukraine , Moldova , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Georgia and Romania . Curriculum . The core activity of BALTDEFCOL is the Joint Command and General Staff Course ( JCGSC ) . It is in most aspects similar to other one - year Joint Command and General Staff courses . Since 2004 , BALTDEFCOL has established the Higher Command Studies Course ( HCSC ) , which is an officer education level four course . The Civil Servants Course ( CSC ) is also run to prepare civil servants for national security and defence policy work . Commandants . The first Commandant of the BALTDEFCOL , the Danish Brigadier General M . H . Clemmesen ( Danish Army ) , retired from his position in December 2004 . The post is now being rotated between the three Baltic states . In May 2005 , the first Commandant of BALTDEFCOL was awarded with the St Germain Gold Medal of the Danish Military Society , the citation also mentioning his initiative and work with the establishment and running of the college . Dean . The Dean of the Baltic Defence College since January 2009 has been James Corum , an American scholar of warfare and air power history .
Paavo Berg Paavo David " Pete " Berg ( November 23 , 1911 , Lahti – November 1 , 1941 , Hanko ) was a Finnish fighter ace . He was the second most successful Finnish biplane fighter ace scoring 10 . 5 victories ( 5 while flying Gloster Gladiator s ) . The remaining 4 . 5 victories were with Curtiss Hawk 75 s . He was shot down and killed by anti - aircraft on 1 November 1941 .
37th ( Howitzer ) Brigade Royal Field Artillery XXXVII ( Howitzer ) Brigade , Royal Field Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Field Artillery which served in the First World War . It was originally formed with 31st , 35th and 55th ( Howitzer ) Batteries , each equipped with 4 . 5 " howitzers , and attached to 4th Infantry Division . In August 1914 it mobilised and was sent to the Continent with the British Expeditionary Force , where it saw service with 4th Division until February 1915 , when it was assigned to IV Corps . 55th Battery was withdrawn in May 1915 , and assigned to 128th ( Howitzer ) Brigade . The Brigade joined the 7th Infantry Division in June 1915 , and was broken up in May 1916 . In May 1916 , the artillery brigades of infantry divisions were reorganised ; the pure howitzer brigades were disbanded , and their batteries attached individually to field brigades , in order to produce mixed brigades of three field batteries and one howitzer battery . Accordingly , the brigade was broken up and the batteries dispersed ; 31st ( less one section ) to 35th Brigade , and 35th ( less one section ) to 22nd Brigade . D ( H ) Battery was formed for XIV Brigade , Royal Horse Artillery on 17 May 1916 with one section of 31st ( H ) Battery and one section of 35th ( H ) Battery . A new XXVII Field Artillery Brigade was later formed in 75th Division in Egypt .
James Dalgleish Pollock Captain James Dalgleish Pollock VC ( 3 June 1890 – 10 May 1958 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 25 years old , and a corporal in the The Queen ' s Own Cameron Highlanders , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . : Further information . He was commissioned into the Cameron Highlanders in 1916 and left the Army in 1919 with the rank of Captain . James Pollock gained the VC for his outstanding bravery in saving his comrades in the Big Willie trench when it was infiltrated by German bombers . Just over two weeks later his second cousin , James Lennox Dawson also won the VC in the same trenches at the same battle . His actions were remarkably similar . Dawson saved his colleagues in the trench by going over the top , under machine - gun fire , to roll away gas canisters that had been blown open by German shells . Both boys were 25 years of age and born within six months of each other in the small Scottish town of Tillicoultry . Both were feted back in Scotland and given the equivalent of a civic reception , James Pollock in Tillicoultry and James Dawson in Alloa , barely a week apart in December 1915 . Royal Observer Corps . Pollock volunteered for service the Royal Observer Corps during World War II . He is recorded as being an Observer Officer and full - time Duty Controller in No 33 Aberdeen ( Ayr ) Group . As far as is known , he was the only ROC Officer in history of the Corps to hold the Victoria Cross . Along with other members of No 33 Group James Pollock stood down on or before 12 May 1945 . To mark the end of the Second World War the Air Ministry arranged a huge rally at RAF North Weald in Essex from Saturday 23 June to Monday 25 June 1945 . Almost 2 , 000 members of the ROC from all over the United Kingdom were invited to attend the rally . King George VI had already approved the design of an Ensign for the newly formed Royal Observer Corps , the Ensign was RAF blue with the Union Jack in one corner and also bearing the Corps ' crest . It was dedicated at a special service held at North Weald on Sunday 24 June 1945 . That day the 2 , 000 observers carried out the first ever uniformed ROC march past to the accompaniment of the RAF Band with the Under Secretary of State for Air , Lord Beatty , taking the salute . The parade then formed into a huge square and the Royal Observer Corps Ensign was presented by Lord Beatty . The Ensign was borne to the drumhead by Observer Lieutenant Pollock VC . In the parade Observer Lieutenant Pollock bore the Ensign flanked by two senior NCO ’ s at the head of the massed contingent of observers . A filmed record of the day ' s events is held in the National Archive at the Imperial War Museum , London . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of Queens Own Highlanders , ( Fort George , Inverness - shire , Scotland ) .
Hayrullah Fişek General Hayrullah Fişek ( 1885 – 1975 ) was a career officer in the Turkish army ( Captain , Ottoman War Academy , 1904 - rtd . 1945 , Major - General ( Mirliva ) Undersecretary for the Ministry of National Defence ) . Life . Hayrullah Fişek , born in Kalkandelen ( now Tetovo ) , was a senior officer in the Turkish army . Hayrullah was given the name Fişek , meaning " cartridge " in Turkish . Hayrullah Fişek was a direct descendant of Süleyman Aga " Fişekçi " ( born around 1775 in Kalkandelen ) , the founder of the Fişek family . His parents were Hafiz Süleyman Efendi ( 1849 Kalkandelen – 1894 Balıkesir ) , a Land Registry Officer and Fatma Hanko ( 1847 Kalkandelen – 1930 Istanbul ) , Sheikh Mustafa Ruhi Efendi ' s daughter . Military career . He entered Military Academy in 1901 . He completed the Military Academy as the seventh of the class in 1904 ( 1320 - P . 7 ) and joined the Ottoman military as an Infantry Second Lieutenant ( " Mülazım - ı Sani " ) . In 1906 , he entered the Staff Collage and he graduated as a Distinguished Captain ( " Mümtaz Yüzbaşı " ) . During the Turkish Independence War , he participated in the Battle of Sakarya as the chief of staff of the Provisional Corps ( " Mürettep Kolordu " ) and he served as the chief of staff of XIV Corps , Kocaeli Group , III Corps with the rank of staff lieutenant colonel . He also participated in battle at Balıkesir , Soma and Bandırma . He retired in 1946 . Family . He had one sister named Hatice ( 1873 – 1902 ) and 3 brothers : Abdülhâmit Bey ( 1866 – 1917 ) , a Finance officer , Nuri Bey ( 1878 – 1945 ) , and Zekeriya Bey ( 1880 – 1932 ) , both offciers of the Turkish Army . Hayrullah married his wife Mukaddes Fişek ( 1891 – 1958 ) and had two sons : Prof . Dr . Nusret Fişek M . D . ( 1914 – 1990 ) , Undersecretary , Ministry of Health and Prof . Dr . Hicri Fişek ( 1918 – 2002 ) , Professor of International Law .
Yankee Station Yankee Station was a point in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of Vietnam used by the U . S . Navy aircraft carrier s of Task Force 77 to launch strikes in the Vietnam War . While its official designation was " Point Yankee , " it was universally referred to as Yankee Station . Carriers conducting air operations at Yankee Station were said to be " on the line " and statistical summaries were based on days on the line . The name derived from it being the geographic reference point " Y " , pronounced " Yankee " in the NATO phonetic alphabet . In turn the term Point Yankee derived from the launch point for " Yankee Team " aerial reconnaissance missions over Laos conducted in 1964 . It was located about 190 km due east of Dong Hoi , at 17° 30 ' N and 108° 30 ' E . During the two periods of sustained air operations against North Vietnam ( March 2 , 1965 – October 31 , 1968 and March 30 , 1972 – December 29 , 1972 ) there were normally three carriers on the line , each conducting air operations for twelve hours , then off for twelve hours . One of the carriers would operate from noon to midnight , another from midnight to noon , and one during daylight hours , which gave 24 - hour coverage plus additional effort during daylight hours , when sorties were most effective . However at the end of May , 1972 , six carriers were for a short period of time on the line at Yankee Station conducting Linebacker strikes . The first aircraft carrier at Yankee Station was , which was ordered there in April 1964 for the Yankee Team missions . Kitty Hawk was joined by in May and in June , two months prior to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution . " Ticonderoga " and " Constellation " launched the first bombing missions from Yankee Station on August 5 , 1964 . " Constellation " was also the last carrier conducting operations at Yankee Station on August 15 , 1973 . USS " Forrestal " suffered a major accident while at Yankee Station when a series of fires and explosions on her deck killed 134 men and injured another 161 . A corresponding Dixie Station in the South China Sea off the Mekong Delta was a single carrier point for conducting strikes within South Vietnam from May 15 , 1965 to August 3 , 1966 .
Forrest S . McCartney Forrest S . McCartney ( March 23 , 1931 – July 17 , 2012 ) was a United States Air Force lieutenant general and former director of NASA ' s John F . Kennedy Space Center . McCartney was born in Fort Payne , Alabama . He graduated from Gulf Coast Military Academy in 1949 , received a Bachelor of Science degree , in electrical engineering , from Auburn University in 1952 . He earned a Master ' s degree , in nuclear engineering , from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1955 , and also graduated from the Armed Forces Staff College . He received his commission through the Reserve Officer Training Corps , and entered the regular air force in 1952 . McCartney was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on May 1 , 1983 , which is the rank at which he eventually retired . In 1986 he was selected , by NASA Administrator James C . Fletcher , to be the fourth director of the Kennedy Space Center . McCartney held this position from August 31 , 1986 , until December 31 , 1991 . McCartney died in Palm Bay , Florida , on July 17 , 2012 , after a short illness .
Flotilla leader A flotilla leader was a warship suitable for commanding a flotilla of destroyer s or other small warships , typically a small cruiser or a large destroyer ( known as a destroyer leader ) . The flotilla leader provided space , equipment and staff for the flotilla commodore ( who typically held the rank of captain ) , including a wireless room , senior engineering and gunnery officers , and administrative staff to support the officers . They were a feature of navies in the late 19th century and early 20th century . Originally , older light or scout cruisers were often used , but in the early 1900s , the rapidly increasing speed of new destroyer designs meant that such vessels could no longer keep pace with their charges . Accordingly , large destroyer designs were produced for use as leaders . As destroyers changed from specialized anti - torpedo boat vessels that operated in squadrons to larger multi - purpose ships that operated alone or as leaders of groups of smaller vessels , and as command and control techniques improved ( and the technology became more readily available ) , the need for specialized flotilla leaders decreased and their functions were adopted by all destroyers . The last specialized flotilla leader to be built for the Royal Navy was HMS " Inglefield " , launched in 1936 . Subsequent leaders used the same design as the private ships of the class , with minor detailed changes to suit them to their role . In the Royal Navy , the flotilla leader and commanding officer were known as Captain ( D ) . In the Royal Navy , flotilla leaders and divisional leaders could be identified by particular coloured bands painted on their funnels .
Battle of Dengbu Island The Battle of Dengbu Island ( 登步島戰役 ) was a conflict between the Republic of China Army and People ' s Liberation Army over Dengbu Island ( in the Zhoushan Islands ) near mainland China . This conflict occurred from November 3 , 1949 to November 5 , 1949 and resulted in a Republic of China victory . Nevertheless , the ROC was later forced to withdraw when the PRC gained air superiority over the region , leaving Dengbu Island in the control of the PRC .
Erich Peter Erich Peter ( 19 September 1920 – 25 April 1945 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
German submarine U - 84 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 84 " was a Type VIIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was launched on 26 February 1941 and commissioned on 29 April 1941 . She operated during the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War before being sunk while under the command of Horst Uphoff on 7 August 1943 in the North Atlantic , in position by a Mk 24 homing torpedo dropped on it by an American B24 Liberator aircraft ( VB - 105 / B - 4 USN ) . 46 dead ( all hands lost ) . " U - 84 " carried out eight patrols and accounted for six ships sunk and one ship damaged during World War II . She operated in the Gulf of Mexico for a time . Commanded by Captain Uphoff , " U - 84 " torpedoed the freighter " Baja California " just forward of midships whilst in the Gulf of Mexico on 19 July 1942 at 06 : 45 . " Baja California " sank in about of water about southwest of Fort Myers , Florida . " Baja California " , en route from New Orleans , Louisiana to Key West , was carrying a load of general cargo which included glassware .
ZM - 87 The ZM - 87 Portable Laser Disturber is a Chinese electro - optic countermeasure neodymium laser device . The ZM - 87 was primarily intended to blind humans but was also reported to damage the photo - electric elements in laser rangefinder s , videocameras and missile seeker s . Roughly twenty - two of the devices were produced by the company Norinco before production ceased in 2000 as a result of the 1995 United Nations Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons ban . The ZM - 87 is notable as one of only a few laser weapons ever produced . Controversy has also surrounded the possible recent use of the weapon by Russian , Chinese , and North Korean armed forces . A battery supplies a portable electric energy converter which through a cable feeds a beam emitter long mounted on a tripod . It has a gunsight . It resembles a heavy machine gun . History . Development of the ZM - 87 began in the late 1980s . The device was first publicly revealed at a defense exhibition in the Philippines in May 1995 and soon after in Abu Dhabi , where the weapon gained publicity . In October 1995 , during the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons , Protocol IV , banning blinding laser weapons , was passed , making the ZM - 87 illegal . In April 1997 a United States Naval officer sustained a retinal injury consistent with exposure to this sort of laser fired from the Russia n freighter " Kapitan Man " at a Canadian Forces helicopter in which he was a passenger . This became known as the Strait of Juan de Fuca laser incident . By December 2000 , known production of ZM - 87 has ceased . However , in 2003 North Korea is reported to have used the ZM - 87 to illuminate two United States Army Apache helicopter s .