naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John C . Butler - class destroyer escort The " John C . Butler " class destroyer escort originated during World War II . The lead ship was , commissioned on 31 March 1944 . The class was also known as the WGT type from their Westinghouse Geared Turbine drive . Of the 293 ships originally planned , 206 were canceled in 1944 and a further four after being laid down ; three were not completed until after the end of World War II . The standard armament for the class was two dual purpose gun s , four 40 mm and ten 20 mm anti - aircraft guns , and three torpedo tube s . It also carried two depth charge racks , eight depth charge projectors and one hedgehog projector as secondary weapons . The ships had a maximum speed of . The most notable ship of this class was , which gained fame during the Battle of Leyte Gulf , where it , along with several other ships engaged a number of cruiser s and battleship s of the Imperial Japanese Navy in a torpedo attack , where it was sunk after taking several hits . During this action , " Samuel B . Roberts " achieved a speed of for over an hour by running her engines at . A floating history museum of the destroyer escorts resides in Albany , NY . USS " Slater " ( DE 766 ) ( a related " Cannon " - class DE ) is docked during temperate months on the Hudson River in Albany , New York . An Edsall class destroyer escort , USS " Stewart " , is also on display as a museum ship in Galveston , Texas .
Dyle Plan The Dyle Plan or D Plan was the primary war plan of the French Army to stave off the expected German attack during " Fall Gelb " . It was conceived by French General Maurice Gamelin in 1940 . Named after the Dyle River , which flows from southern Belgium down to Antwerp , the main objective of the plan was to halt the advancing German Army Group B , ( which was incorrectly perceived as the strongest ) , in central Belgium . France had signed a military treaty with Belgium in 1920 to streamline communication and fortification efforts in the event of a German attack , but in October 1936 Belgium changed her policy to one of strict neutrality , limiting coordination of defense plans with France . Gamelin initially proposed the less risky " E ( Escaut ) Plan " , which called for a defense ( except for the extreme west in Flanders ) based upon a series of fortifications along much of the actual Belgian - French border rather than in Belgium proper . However , Gamelin eventually decided to adopt the Dyle Plan with the argument that the new anti - tank defences built by Belgium along the Dyle and at the Gembloux Gap allowed for a quick entrenchment of the Allied armies . Adopting the Dyle Plan also afforded the French 7th Army an opportunity to link up with the Dutch forces via Breda in The Netherlands . However , the newly fashioned anti - tank defences at Gembloux proved rather inadequate and the German 3rd and 4th Panzer divisions easily circumvented them . Lord Gort expected that his British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) would have two or three weeks to prepare for the Germans to arrive at the Dyle ; they were there in four days . When German leader Adolf Hitler heard of the Allies ' advance to the Dyle , he said " I could have wept for joy , they had fallen into the trap " . The Dyle Plan played into the hands of the Germans who executed their main attack ( the Manstein Plan ) , through the Ardennes , on the assumption that the Allies would advance into central Belgium . The BEF and the French First and Seventh Armies were surrounded and would have been totally annihilated if it had not been for an impromptu evacuation from Dunkirk . The Dyle Plan was a fundamental flaw in the Allied strategy and one of the decisive factors contributing to the Allied defeat in the Battle of France . According to British historian Julian Jackson , the fall of France can be greatly attributed to the poor strategic planning of the French High Command .
Hermann Köhl Hermann Köhl ( 15 April 1888 – 7 October 1938 ) was a German aviation pioneer and pilot of the first transatlantic flight from East to West . Biography . Köhl was born in Neu - Ulm , Bavaria , as one of eight children . At the age of 19 he joined the German Imperial Army to become an officer like his father . At the beginning of World War I he was a Lieutenant in the " Württembergisches Pionier - Bataillon Nr . 13 " ( " 13th Württemberg Pioneer Battalion " ) . After being wounded in the legs , which disqualified him for further service in the engineers , he volunteered to join the German Army Air Service . He became a pilot and later a commander of a Bomber Squadron , and received the " Pour le Mérite " in 1918 . He crashed his aircraft behind enemy lines and was captured and held as a POW in France , but managed to escape and returned to Germany . After the end of World War I he worked for the German Police and for the Reichswehr , but in 1925 he transferred to civil aviation and became the head of the " Deutsche Luft Hansa " Nightflight Branch in 1926 . Transatlantic flight . After Charles Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic from West to East in May 1927 , the idea of flying in the opposite direction , which is more difficult because of the prevailing winds , became more and more popular . In 1927 Ehrenfried Günther Freiherr von Hünefeld bought two Junkers W 33 aircraft from the Junkers company in Dessau , naming them after the two Norddeutscher Lloyd flagships and . His plans were supported by Hugo Junkers . After some test flights , and breaking the record for flight duration , Hünefeld and Köhl flew to Baldonnel , Ireland , where they met James C . Fitzmaurice , the Irish Air Corps Commandant of the Baldonnel Airodrome . On 12 April 1928 these three left Baldonnel in the " Bremen " and crossed the Atlantic Ocean , landing at Greenly Island on the south coast of Labrador , Canada . Even though they missed their intended destination , New York , they were the first to cross the Atlantic from Europe to America . For his feat , Köhl was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross by Calvin Coolidge , the President of the United States . In 1935 William L . Shirer took Köhl ' s apartment in Tempelhof , after he had lost his job with " Luft Hansa " ; as a fervent Catholic and a man of strong character , Köhl then retired a small farm in the south of Germany rather than curry favour with the Nazis . Köhl died in Munich in 1938 and is buried in Pfaffenhofen an der Roth . Tributes . A German Luftwaffe Airbus A310 MRTT medevac aircraft , and the Bundeswehr barracks of the Transporthubschrauber - Regiment 30 in Niederstetten are named after Hermann Köhl . There is also a street in Bremen , near the airport , which was named after him .
Confederate Army of Manhattan The Confederate Army of Manhattan was a group of eight Southern operatives who attempted to burn New York City on November 25 , 1864 , during the final stages of the American Civil War . In a plot orchestrated by Jacob Thompson , the operatives infiltrated Union territory from Canada and made their way to New York . On Friday night , November 25 , beginning around 8 : 45pm , the group attempted to simultaneously start fires in 19 hotels , a theater , and P . T . Barnum ' s museum . The objective was to overwhelm the city ' s firefighting resources by distributing the fires around the city . Most of the fires either failed to start or were contained quickly . All the operatives escaped prosecution except for one , Robert Cobb Kennedy , who was apprehended in January 1865 while trying to travel from Canada to the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . More Info . An article in The New York Times from February 28 , 1865 describes Kennedy as follows : Mr . Kennedy is a man of apparently 30 years of age , with an exceedingly unprepossessing countenance . His head is well shaped , but his brow is lowering , his eyes deep sunken and his look unsteady . Evidently a keen - witted , desperate man , he combines the cunning and the enthusiasm of a fanatic , with the lack of moral principle characteristic of many Southern Hotspurs , whose former college experiences , and most recent hotel - burning plots are somewhat familiar to our readers . Kennedy is well connected at the South , is a relative , a nephew we believe , of Howell Cobb , and was educated at the expense of the United States , at West Point , where he remained two years , leaving at that partial period of study in consequence of mental or physical inability . While there he made the acquaintance of Ex . Brig . Gen . E . W . Stoughton , who courteously proffered his services as counsel for his ancient friend in his present needy hour . During Kennedy ’ s confinement here , while awaiting trial , he made sundry foolish admissions , wrote several letters which have told against him , and in general did , either intentionally or indiscreetly , many things , which seem to have rendered his conviction almost a matter of entire certainty . A Louisiana native and Confederate officer , Kennedy escaped from Johnson ' s Island Military Prison on October 4 , 1864 , and made his way to Canada . There , he joined with a small group of Confederate officers who had been dispatched to Canada by Confederate President Jefferson Davis to plan military raids that could be launched at the Union from politically neutral Canadian soil . Prior to his execution he claimed that the attempt to set fire to the American Museum was “ simply a reckless joke … There was no fiendishness about it . The Museum was set on fire by merest accident , after I had been drinking , and just for the fun of a scare . ” He and his fellow “ incendiaries ” escaped to Canada after their plan failed , and Kennedy alone was captured when he tried to slip back into the United States at Detroit . He was tried , convicted , and executed on March 25 , 1865 , at Fort Lafayette in New York harbor .
Helkir mine The Helkir is an anti - helicopter mine developed by the Austrian company Hirtenberger . It uses an IR sensor and an acoustic sensor to detect airborne targets . Once the mine is armed and ready to engage , the acoustic sensor listens for a valid noise input . This enables the IR sensor which is located coaxially to the warhead . When the IR sensor detects a hot signature , the mine blasts off fragments that can penetrate up to 6 mm of armored steel at 50 meters and 2 mm of mild steel at 150 meters . The mine is active for a period of 1 to 120 days , after which it returns to a safe mode . Helkir , as well as other mines developed by Hirtenberger , like the APM - 1 and the APM - 2 anti - personnel directional mines ( discontinued in 1994 ) , do not appear on the company ' s current website .
Grand Duchy of Frankfurt The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite state of Napoleonic creation . It came into existence in 1810 through the combination of the former territories of the Archbishopric of Mainz along with the Free City of Frankfurt itself . History . Frankfurt lost its status as a free imperial city in 1806 with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire . The city was granted to the previous Archbishop of Mainz , Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg , and became the Principality of Frankfurt . When Dalberg was forced to relinquish his Principality of Regensburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810 , he combined his remaining territories of Aschaffenburg , Wetzlar , Fulda , Hanau , and Frankfurt into the new Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Although the grand duchy was named after the city of Frankfurt , Dalberg resided in the city of Aschaffenburg . However , the territory was actually ruled by French commissioners . By the constitution of the grand duchy , upon Dalberg ' s death , the state would be inherited by Napoleon ' s stepson , Eugène de Beauharnais . Dalberg in favour of Eugene on 26 October 1813 , following Napoleon ' s defeat at the Battle of Leipzig . The grand duchy ceased to exist after December 1813 , when the city was occupied by allied troops . While Frankfurt itself once again became a free city , most of the territory of the grand duchy was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Bavaria .
Hiram Cronk Hiram Cronk ( April 29 , 1800 – May 13 , 1905 ) was the last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 at the time of his death . Born in Frankfort , New York , Cronk enlisted with his father and two brothers on August 4 , 1814 . He served with the New York Volunteers in the defense of Sackett ' s Harbor , and was discharged November 16 , 1814 . For his service , he received a pension of $ 12 per month . In 1903 , the United States Congress increased it to $ 25 per month . He also received a special pension of $ 72 per month from the State of New York . Cronk spent most of his life working as a shoemaker . He married Mary Thornton in 1825 , with whom he had seven children . At the time of his death he had 14 grandchildren and eight great - grandchildren ( one of whom , Jane , lived to over 100 years of age herself , making the two " serial centenarian s " ) . He died in Ava , New York in May 1905 at the age of 105 . After his death , his body was displayed in the main lobby of New York City Hall . An estimated 25 , 000 people paid their respects . He is interred in the Mount of Victory , Cypress Hills National Cemetery , Brooklyn , New York .
James Jardine ( Medal of Honor ) James Jardine ( April 16 , 1837 – December 9 , 1922 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863 .
Gold Bar Recruiter A Gold Bar Recruiter ( GBR ) is a newly commissioned second lieutenant who has been ordered to active duty on permissive Temporary Duty ( PTDY ) orders to assist the Professor of Military Science and the Recruiting Operations Officer ( ROO ) with training and recruiting duties . This position typically begins 140 days before the BOLC III report date . A Gold Bar Recruiter adds a new perspective and energy to an ROTC battalion because of his or her recent familiarity with high school , college and cadet life . However , if a " Gold - Bar " is in the National Guard , he / she may request extensions of their tour for up to 180 days providing their National Guard unit is willing to allow such an extension . Active duty officers may not receive such an extension , as their position at OBC have already been reserved through their active duty units . " Gold Bar " refers to the insignia of a second lieutenant in the United States Army : a single gold bar .
Australian Army Nursing Service The Australian Army Nursing Service ( AANS ) was an Australian Army reserve unit which provided a pool of trained civilian nurses who had volunteered for military service during wartime . The AANS was formed in 1902 by amalgamating the nursing services of the colonial - era militaries , and formed part of the Australian Army Medical Corps . During World War I , 2 , 139 women joined the AANS . The AANS was mobilised again during World War II , and many of its members served overseas . Following the war several AANS nurses were posted to Japan as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force . The service was renamed the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service ( RAANS ) in November 1948 and became part of the regular Army the next year . In 1951 the RAANS achieved corps status , and became the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps .
Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals The Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals ( AULIMP ) was created in 1949 as a research tool for students and faculty of Air University . Twenty - three journals were included in the original AULIMP ( then called the Air University Periodical Index ) , which was compiled quarterly as a way to provide access to journals not readily accessible in other commercial indexes . In 1963 the index was renamed to the " Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals " and has since expanded its coverage to more than 80 periodical s . The AULIMP focuses on military , geopolitical and aeronautical topics , and includes over a dozen English language journals published outside the United States . Articles , interviews , book reviews , and speeches from high - ranking Department of Defense and Air Force officials are included in the AULIMP . AULIMP is the only free resource available in this subject area . Librarian subject specialists from the Muir S . Fairchild Research Information Center ( formerly Air University Library ) , as well as librarians working off site through a cooperative program , index the journals included in the AULIMP . Coverage . The AULIMP was published from 1949 – 1999 and during the 1990s was available in a CD format to libraries . It is now strictly an electronic resource . Electronic access to the AULIMP is currently ( as of 2011 ) available from 1987 to present . An ongoing retrospective project is underway to provide electronic access to the pre - 1987 versions of the AULIMP . Access to AULIMP . The AULIMP can be accessed by the general public through the Muir S . Fairchild Research Information Center homepage or through the Defense Technical Information Center website . The index can be searched using both basic and advanced search interfaces with the option to search by author , title , journal title , keyword , and subject heading . Boolean search tools ( " and " , " or " , and " not " ) are also available to further refine the search results . Other Resources . Tolppanen , B . " Index to Military Periodicals [ Reviews : Reference ] . " Choice 48 . 3 ( 2010 ) : 479 . ProQuest . Stewart , Martha M . , and Jackie L . Hatton . " Production of a periodical index by a special library . " Special Libraries 83 . 2 ( 1992 ) : 92 + . General OneFile . Hoover , Jimmie , and Nancy Clemmons . " State of the Art Survey of Documents Reference Sources . " Reference Services Review 5 . 4 ( 1977 ) : 5 - 11 . Field , Oliver T . " An Application of the Direct Entry Principle in Indexing . " American Documentation 7 . 2 ( 1956 ) : 225 - 228 . Business Source Complete .
Operation Moon Water Operation Moon Water was part of the clearance of naval mines from the Suez Canal in Operation Nimbus Moon , as required by the Camp David peace accord between Egypt and Israel . The United States Navy trained and supervised Egyptian Navy divers who made a final sweep of the canal disposing of a huge number of explosives ranging from hand grenades to at least one German bomb left from World War II . The operation was completed by the end of July , 1975 .
Battle of Chalagan The Battle of Chalagan was fought between the Kara Koyunlu and the alliance of Kingdom of Georgia and Shirvanshah at Chalagan , Azerbaijan , in December , 1412 , and resulted in Kara Koyunlu ’ s victory . The conflict was preceded by the fall of Timurid empire immediately after the great conqueror ’ s death ( 1405 ) and subsequent clashes between the various clans in Azerbaijan . Having taken control of Azerbaijan ( around 1406 ) , the Kara Koyunlu tribal federation leader , Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf , launched an offensive against Ibrahim I ( 1382 - 1417 ) of Shirvanshah who struggled against the Timurids in Northern Azerbaijan . Shirvan ' s former ally the Karabakh ruler Yar Ahmed Qaramanli sided with Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf , while Ibrahim joined his forces with the ruler of Shaki , Syed Ahmed Orlat and the Georgian king Constantine I , who marched in the head of 2 , 000 Georgian cavalry to support the Shirvanese . A major battle was fought at the village Chalagan in December 1412 and ended in a decisive defeat of the allies . Ibrahim and Constantine fell in the hands of the fierce enemy . The Georgian king , his brother , and 300 Georgian officers were beheaded by the orders of Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf . Victorious in the battle , Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf was able to secure his positions against the threats from north , and focused now on Baghdad .
No . 69 Squadron RAF The name No . 69 Squadron has been used by the Royal Air Force for two quite different units . No . 3 Squadron , Australian Flying Corps was formed at Point Cook , Victoria , Australia on 19 September 1916 . To avoid confusion with No . 3 Squadron , RAF , it was known to the British military as " No . 69 Squadron " , although this terminology was never accepted by the squadron or the Australian Imperial Force . The squadron was " re - formed " on 10 January 1941 during World War II , when No . 431 Flight RAF , on Malta was redesignated No . 69 Squadron . The squadron flew English Electric Canberra s from RAF Gutersloh in GErmany briefly from 1954 .
Hans - Joachim Brand Hans - Joachim Brand ( 16 May 1916 – 18 April 1945 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann and ground attack pilot in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans - Joachim Brand was shot down by Soviet flak on 18 April 1945 near Cottbus while flying a ground - attack mission . His Focke Wulf Fw 190 F was hit by anti - aircraft fire at a height of and he fatally crashed near Alteno / Luckau in the Spreewald . His body was never recovered . During his career he flew 964 missions and he had been nominated for the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) , which was never approved .
Fedor Tokarev Fedor Vasilievich Tokarev ( ) 2 June 1871 [ 14 June in old Russian calendar ] – 6 March 1968 ) was a Russian weapons designer and deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1941 to 1950 . Outside the former Soviet Union he is best known as the designer of the Tokarev TT - 30 and TT - 33 self - loading pistol and the Tokarev SVT - 38 and SVT - 40 self - loading rifle , both of which were produced in large numbers during the German - Soviet War . Due to his contributions to Soviet arms design Tokarev received the Hero of Socialist Labor award in 1940 . He also designed the prototype of the FT - 1 / ФТ - 1 panoramic camera ( FT stands for : Fotoapparat Tokareva / Фотоаппарат Токарева ) .