naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hugh Pughe Lloyd Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Pughe Lloyd GBE , KCB , MC , DFC , RAF ( 12 December 1894 – 14 July 1981 ) was a senior Royal Air Force commander . RAF career . Lloyd joined the Royal Engineers as a sapper in 1915 during World War I : he was wounded in action three times before enlisting as a cadet in the Royal Flying Corps in 1917 and joining No 52 Squadron , flying the RE . 8 on army co - operation missions . After the war , he remained with the RFC ( which became the Royal Air Force in 1918 ) on a permanent commission . In January 1939 he became Officer Commanding No . 9 Squadron , equipped with Wellingtons . Later in 1939 , with World War II under way , he was promoted to Group Captain and given command of RAF Marham . His stay at RAF Marham was brief and in November 1939 he was appointed to the staff of No . 3 Group and , in May 1940 , he became Senior Air Staff Officer at No . 2 Group . On 1 June 1941 , he was appointed Air Officer Commanding in Malta , with the difficult task of protecting the island from German and Italian air attacks as well as attacking Axis shipping delivering supplies to Rommel ' s " Afrika Korps " in North Africa . However , his lack of knowledge of fighter tactics and the dominance of the Messerschmitt Bf 109F against the outdated Hawker Hurricane , lead to duration of the Siege of Malta . When Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring was appointed to lead the Axis air - offensive from December 1940 , RAF Command at last reacted . After installing a fighter control room similar to those in the UK , from April 1942 they assigned the island two squadrons of Supermarine Spitfire s totaling 47 aircraft , which led later that year to the Allies moving to an offensive campaign . He was assigned to RAF headquarters in the Middle East as Senior Air Staff Officer in 1942 and commanded the Northwest African Coastal Air Force and then the Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force in 1943 . His role there was to carry out harrying of enemy transport by land and sea . In February 1945 he began planning and eventually took command of Tiger Force , a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which was intended to join the air offensive against Japan but was disbanded shortly after the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki effectively ended the war . Postwar years . After two years as senior instructor at the Imperial Defence College , he was made Air Officer Commanding Air Command Far East , later retitled Far East Air Force . He was made Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief Bomber Command in February 1950 before he retired in June 1953 . Lloyd was President of the London Welsh Trust , which runs the London Welsh Centre , from 1962 until 1964 .
RAF Stenigot RAF Stenigot was a Second World War radar station situated at Stenigot , near Donington on Bain , Lincolnshire . It was part of the Chain Home radar network , intended to provide long range early warning for raids from Luftflotte V and the northern elements of Luftflotte II along the approaches to Sheffield and Nottingham and the central midlands . After the Second World War , the site was retained as part of the Chain Home network . In 1959 it was upgraded to a communications relay site as part of the ACE High program , which involved adding four tropospheric scatter dishes . The site was decommissioned in the late 1980s and was mostly demolished by 1996 . The radar tower is a Grade II listed structure and is now used by the RAF Aerial Erector School for selection tests for possible recruits . There is a Memorial at the top to a former RAF Aerial Erector .
Second Battle of Charasiab " The initial content of this article was taken from . Please add inline citations to subsequent additions . " The Second Battle of Charasiab was fought on the 25th April 1880 between the British and Afghans during the Second Anglo - Afghan War . A force led by Colonel Jenkins found itself surrounded by the Logaris near Charasiab . An infantry column led by MacPherson , and accompanied by a Cavalry brigade and four horse artillery guns , was sent to support Jenkins . Upon their arrival the Afghans were routed and were pursued by the cavalry and horse artillery for four miles .
Battles of Farsia and Oum Dreyga ( 1987 ) The 1987 Battles of Farsia and Oum Dreyga took place on 18 November 1987 in the Farsia and Oum Dreyga sections of the Moroccan Wall , when POLISARIO troops clashes with the Royal Moroccan Army , with the result of more than three hundred victims from both camps . The clashes took place 48 hours after the arrival of a United Nations technical mission whose mission was to evaluate the conditions for a self - determination referendum in Western Sahara .
Alfred Edward Sephton Alfred Edward Sephton VC ( 19 April 1911 – 19 May 1941 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 30 years old , and a petty officer in the Royal Navy during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 18 May 1941 in the Mediterranean , south of Crete , Petty Officer Sephton was a director layer on HMS " Coventry " when she went to the assistance of a hospital ship which was being attacked by German dive - bombers . When the enemy engaged " Coventry " , raking her with machine - gun fire , Petty Officer Sephton was mortally wounded , a bullet actually passing through his body and injuring an able seaman beside him . Although in great pain and partially blinded , nevertheless he stuck to his instruments and carried out his duties until the attack was over . He died of his injuries next day . The medal . The medal was stolen from Coventry Cathedral in 1990 .
Birch gun The Birch Gun was the world ' s first practical self - propelled artillery gun , built at the Royal Arsenal , Woolwich in 1925 . The gun was never highly regarded by the British High Command , purely for prejudicial beliefs and political pressure rather than any real lack of ability . Named after General Sir Noel Birch , who was Master General of Ordnance at the time , the Birch gun had real potential . It was built upon a Vickers Medium Mark II tank chassis and mated originally with the QF 18 pdr ( 83 . 8 mm ) gun then with a 75 mm field gun . The project was abandoned in 1928 after political pressure killed off any plans to complete the third version of this weapon . Armament . The armament for the original Birch Gun consisted of an Ordnance QF 18 pounder field gun ( 3 . 3 inch , 84 mm ) . This was changed to the 75 mm gun on the Birch gun Mk II and from then on was able to be fired either at ground targets or in the air - defence role , being given a much higher rate of elevation to be fired at enemy aircraft . Powerplant . The Armstrong Siddeley engine was modestly powerful . Being only 8 cylinders it could manage 90 hp for a mild 45 km / h top - speed . However , for its time ( late 1920s ) it was quite fast . Variants . The initial prototype , the Mark I , made its first appearance in January 1925 and spent the next year undergoing trials and taking part in manoeuvres , mainly with 28 Battery , 9th Field Brigade , Royal Artillery . The lone Mark I was transferred to 20 Battery , 9th Field Brigade RA , who then took delivery of three Mark II Birch Guns in July 1926 , followed by a fourth gun in September . This brought the battery strength to five guns , which participated in various field exercises as part of the Experimental Mechanised Force and it successor , the Experimental Armoured Force which was dispersed in February 1929 . All five guns were finally withdrawn in June / July 1931 , effectively ending the British Army ' s experiments with tracked self - propelled guns until the advent of various hurriedly improvised vehicles during the Second World War , such as the Bishop , and the Deacon . Two Mark III Birch Guns were produced , but never issued to serving units . These had the guns mounted in revolving barbette - style turrets that increased crew protection but reduced the guns ' elevation , so capping their effective range . Use . The Birch gun was tested as part of the Experimental Mechanised Force in the 1920s . The Force undertook various experiments in mechanized warfare combining tanks and infantry with their own transport . The composition of the force was :
Thomas de Ros , 9th Baron de Ros Thomas de Ros or Roos , 9th Baron de Ros of Helmsley ( 9 September 1427 – 17 May 1464 ) was a follower of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses . Family . Thomas de Ros , born 9 September 1427 , was the eldest son of Thomas de Ros , 8th Baron de Ros and Eleanor Beauchamp , second daughter of Richard de Beauchamp , 13th Earl of Warwick , and his first wife , Elizabeth Berkeley , daughter and heiress of Thomas Berkeley , 5th Baron Berkeley . Eleanor was an older half - sister of Henry de Beauchamp , 1st Duke of Warwick , and Anne Neville , Countess of Warwick . Thomas himself was an older maternal half - brother to Henry Beaufort , 3rd Duke of Somerset , and Edmund Beaufort , 4th Duke of Somerset . Career . As a loyal supporter of King Henry VI of England , de Ros was attainted in Parliament on 4 November 1461 . He was later beheaded at Newcastle for treason , and the Ros lands were confiscated . Belvoir Castle was given to Lord Hastings . In February 1461 , he had been one of the knights made at the second Battle of St Albans by Edward of Westminster , Prince of Wales . Thomas had inherited the barony of de Ros when he was barely four years old . His great uncle , Sir Robert Ros , knight , was deputed to perform the office of chamberlain to Archbishop Stafford , on the day of his installation at Canterbury ; this office belonged to the Lord Ros , from his tenure of the manor of Hethfield , in Kent . The fee for this service was the furniture of the room , and the basin and towel . The manor , and tenure on which it was held , came to the Ros family , from the marriage of an ancestor with Margaret Badlesmere . Thomas Lord Ros was only eighteen years of age when put by the king into full possession of his father ' s estates . Having been faithful to Henry VI throughout his reign , he was rewarded with certain commercial privileges , consisting , chiefly , in an entire remission of the customary duties on exported wool . In 1456 , he had permission to go on a pilgrimage , and in 1460 , the king settled on him , as in part , a recompense for the expenses and losses incurred in his service , an annuity of £40 , arising out of certain manors forfeited by the Earl of Salisbury . In the same year , being with king at York when news arrived of the Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Towton , he accompanied Henry to Berwick . Marriage and children . Thomas de Ros married Philippe Tiptoft , daughter of John Tiptoft , 1st Baron Tiptoft , by whom he had one son and four daughters :
Selton Hill ambush The Selton Hill Ambush took place on 11 March 1921 , during the Irish War of Independence . An Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) flying column was ambushed by members of the RIC Auxiliary Division at Selton Hill ( aka Seltan Hill ) , County Leitrim . Six IRA officers of the Leitrim Brigade were killed . Background . Sean Connolly was an IRA activist from County Longford , but he was also used by IRA GHQ to organise surrounding areas ; first County Roscommon and then County Leitrim . When Michael Collins ordered Connolly into the county , he warned that it was " the most treacherous county in Ireland " . Collins ' warning was well founded . As Connolly was running a training camp at Selton Hill in early 1921 , his position was given to the RIC . The RIC District Inspector , Thomas Gore - Hickman , had been alerted to Connolly ' s position by a local doctor who had served in the British Army . The doctor had been told of the training camp by a local member of the Orange Order . Ambush . The events at Selton Hill took place one week after the Sheemore ambush , in which British troops suffered several casualties and at least one fatality . At Selton Hill , a large force of RIC and Auxiliaires , based in Mohill , surrounded and then attacked the IRA camp on 11 March . A total of six IRA volunteers were killed . The RIC suffered no losses . The IRA dead were Sean Connolly from Longford , Seamus Wrynne , Joseph O ' Beirne ( or Beirne ) , John Reilly , Joseph Reilly , and Capt ME Baxter . Ernie O ' Malley states that their bodies were then " taken to Mohill by soldiers who shouted ' fresh meat ! ' as they were driving through the town " . Ernie O ' Malley is also quoted as saying " Men from the Bedfordshire Regiment were seen by a badly wounded IRA officer , who survived , to use rifle butts on the skulls of two wounded men . " He also says that the location of the column was given to the local D / I of the RIC by a doctor who had been in the British Army . The doctor had been given the information by a local Orangeman . The IRA Officer who survived was Bernie Sweeney , from Ballinamore . He survived by hiding in a drain , and the cold water prevented him bleeding to death . He was rescued and hidden from the RIC by local people . Aftermath . The IRA found out that their position had been given away by the doctor and the Orangeman . The Orangeman was later killed by the IRA , but the doctor escaped to England and later died in an accident . The border country of the north midlands often proved to be a treacherous place for IRA training camps , possibly due to the presence of a substantial unionist population there . On 8 May 1921 another camp ( of Belfast IRA volunteers ) based in the Lappanduff hills in neighbouring County Cavan , was also surprised – one volunteer was killed , thirteen captured and much arms and ammunition seized by the British .
Robert Kelly ( naval officer ) Captain Robert Bolling Kelly ( June 9 , 1913 - January 23 , 1989 ) was an officer of the United States Navy who served during World War II . Biography . Kelly was born in New York City , and graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1935 . World War II . In 1941 - 42 Lieutenant Kelly served as both Executive Officer of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron 3 under Lieutenant John D . Bulkeley , and as commander of , based in the Philippines . Kelly took part in the operation to evacuate General Douglas MacArthur and his staff from Corregidor to Mindanao , on the night of March 12 / 13 , 1942 and was subsequently awarded the Silver Star . On the night of April 8 / 9 , 1942 Bulkeley in " PT - 41 " and Kelly in " PT - 34 " engaged the off Cebu Island , firing several torpedoes , only one of which hit , but failed to explode . The next morning " PT - 34 " was attacked by Japanese aircraft , forced to beach and then destroyed . Kelly , who was wounded in the action , was awarded the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Service Cross for " distinguished conduct and extraordinary courage in combat . " Kelly commanded Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron 9 in 1943 - 44 , and earned another Silver Star for his actions during the New Georgia and Bougainville Campaign s . With the rank of Commander , Kelly commanded the destroyer from June 1945 until her decommissioning on May 31 , 1946 , seeing action during the battle of Okinawa , and being awarded the Legion of Merit . Post - war career . Kelly commanded the icebreaker between 1950 - 56 and the destroyer tender in 1958 - 59 . Kelly retired in 1961 with the rank of Captain . He worked for the Aerospace Division of Martin Marietta , and later as a counselor of vocational rehabilitation for the State of Maryland . Kelly died of pneumonia at Howard County General Hospital in Columbia , Maryland , and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery . In media . MTB Squadron 3 ' s exploits in the Philippines in 1941 - 42 were portrayed in the 1942 book " They Were Expendable " by William L . White , and the 1945 film of the same name , in which the character of " Rusty Ryan " , played by John Wayne , was based on Kelly .
One Bullet Away : The Making of a Marine Officer One Bullet Away : The Making of a Marine Officer is an autobiography by Nathaniel Fick , published by Houghton - Mifflin in 2005 . An account of Nathaniel Fick ' s time in the United States Marine Corps , it begins with his experiences at Officer Candidate ' s School in Quantico , Virginia and details his deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq during the War on Terror . In 2006 , Recorded Books published an unabridged audiobook edition ( ISBN 978 - 1 - 41937595 - 8 ) , narrated by Andy Paris .
Rajput - class destroyer The " Rajput " class guided - missile destroyer s built for the Indian Navy are modified versions of Soviet Kashin class destroyers . They are also known as Kashin - II class . The ships were built in the former Soviet Union after considerable Indian design modifications to the " Kashin " design . These included the replacement of the helicopter pad in the original design with a flight elevator , as well as major changes to the electronics and combat systems . Five units were built for export to India in the 1980s . All units are currently attached to the Eastern Naval Command . Service history . The " Rajput " class inherited their anti - aircraft and anti - submarine warfare roles for aircraft carrier task - force defense against submarines , low - flying aircraft , and cruise missiles from the " Kashin " class . They were the first ships in the Indian Navy to deploy the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile systems . The systems were deployed during a mid - life refit of the ships . The missile system has 8 missiles with bow mounted launchers . INS Ranvijay was deployed with an updated vertical launcher for the BrahMos missile . The Indian Navy is planning to upgrade the propulsion of the " Rajput " class ships with indigenously developed Kaveri Marine Gas Turbine ( KMGT ) engine . The Gas Turbine Research Establishment of DRDO has been developing this engine which is currently in testing phase .
Yamagata Domain Originally populated by the Ezo ( aboriginal peoples ) , Yamagata came to be the fief of the Ōshū branch of the Fujiwara family in the Heian period ( 794 - 1185 ) . In the Sengoku ( 1467 - 1603 ) and Edo periods , the territory changed hands a number of times , and came to play an important role in the battles immediately leading up to the Sekigahara Campaign of 1600 . At the time , Yamagata was controlled by Mogami Yoshiaki who had taken it from the Uesugi family . Along with a number of allies , he defended the domain from the army of Naoe Kanetsugu , an ally of Ishida Mitsunari , who made his way towards Yamagata from the neighboring Yonezawa Domain , with an army of 20 , 000 . Ultimately , though Mogami and others engaged Naoe ' s forces a number of times , no battle was fought at Yamagata Castle . With the help of Date Masamune , Naoe ' s armies were held off until news of Ishida Mitsunari ' s defeat by Tokugawa Ieyasu at Sekigahara was heard , and Naoe withdrew . Following Sekigahara , Yamagata was formally established as a " han " by the Tokugawa shogunate , and assigned to the Mogami clan along with an income of 570 , 000 " koku " . However , it was reassigned to the Torii family of samurai in 1622 , with an income of 220 , 000 " koku " . They held it but briefly ; in 1636 , the domain reverted to the control of the shogunate , due to the lack of a Torii heir . The Okudaira and Matsudaira families , branches of the shogunal Tokugawa clan , would control Yamagata intermittently from then on , in between other daimyo families . Some time later , Yamagata ' s lord Okudaira Tadamasa died , many of his retainers and would - be heirs committed " junshi " , killing themselves in order to loyally follow their lord into death . Thus , the " han " fell to Hotta Masanaka . However , Masanaka ' s father , Hotta Masatoshi , killed someone inside the shogun ' s capital of Edo castle , and thus had his family ' s lands seized . After a number of further generations of Tokugawa branch family lords , the domain came to be held by the Akimoto family , and then the Mizuno family .
1st Space Launch Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 1st Space Launch Squadron ( 1 SLS ) was a space launch unit located at Patrick AFB , Florida . It was responsible for USAF Delta II launches from its activation in October 1990 to its inactivation in August 2009 . History . Air Force launch operations were transferred from Air Force Systems Command to Air Force Space Command in the early 1990s . Phase I of the Launch Transfer Plan began on 1 October 1990 , with the elimination of the Eastern and Western Space and Missile Centers , and the creation of the 30th Space Wing and the 45th Space Wing . The 1st SLS was activated on 1 October 1990 and became Air Force Space Command ' s first Delta II launch squadron . It was inactivated on 18 August 2009 , following the final USAF launch of a Delta II which had occurred the previous day . Its final launch successfully placed the USA - 206 , or GPS IIR - 21 ( M ) navigation satellite into orbit .
2010 Eritrean – Ethiopian border skirmish The 2010 Eritrean – Ethiopian border skirmish was an armed skirmish between soldiers of the Eritrean and the Ethiopian armies fought at the border town of Zalambesa after Eritea claimed that Ethiopian forces crossed the border . The Ethiopian Government claimed Eritrea was trying to cover up an internal crisis by implicating Ethiopia . Background . Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia have been brittle and tensions between the two countries have remained high after both countries fought each other in the Eritrean – Ethiopian War which lasted from 1998 to 2000 , and since the end of the war there have been a number of small border skirmishes between the two countries . Eritrea had also recently been slapped with sanctions by the United Nations , after it was accused of supplying arms and weapons to militants and the opposition to the Somalia Government . The sanctions also came after Eritrea refused to deal with a border dispute with neighbouring Djibouti . Battle . Eritrean claims . According to the Eritrean Information Ministry , Ethiopian forces crossed the border , early on New Years Day and engaged in a fierce battle with Eritrean troops using small arms , assault rifles , and rocket - propelled grenade s . Ethiopian forces quickly withdrew back over the border , with Ethiopia having 10 killed , with 2 Ethiopian soldiers being taken prisoner . Several AK - 47 assault rifles , a machine gun , and some radio equipment were also left behind by the Ethiopian forces . Ethiopian claims . Ethiopian government spokesman Bereket Simon denied that any armed incursion had taken place , and claimed that the Eritreans were trying to cover up an attack by Eritrean rebels in which 25 Eritrean government soldiers were killed .