naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Revolutionary Military Council Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic or Revvoyensoviet ( " Революционный Военный Совет " , " Revolyutsionny Voyenny Sovyet " ; " Реввоенсовет " , " Revvoyensovyet " ; also translated as Revolutionary War Council ) was the supreme military authority of Soviet Russia and lately the USSR . It was instituted by the decree of the All - Russian Central Executive Committee ( " VTsIK " ) on September 2 , 1918 ( known as " Decree about Declaring the Soviet Republic the Military Camp " ) . Until that moment there were two main military authorities , the Supreme Military Council ( Высший военный совет , " Vysshy voyenny sovyet " ) and the Operative Department of the People ' s Commissariat for Military Affairs ( Оперативный отдел Народного комиссариата по военным делам , " Opyerativny otdel Narodnogo komissariata po voyennym dyelam " ) . The decree put all fronts and military organizations under the single command of the Revvoyensoviet headed by the Chairman , with a single commander - in - chief ( главком ) for strategic and operative military command statewise subordinated only to the Chairman of Revvoyensoviet . The Chairman was People ' s Commissar for Military and Navy , appointed by VTsIK . The first Chairman was Leon Trotsky . The first commander - in - chief was Red Latvian rifleman Ioakim Vatsetis . In July 1919 he was replaced by Sergei Kamenev ( 1919 – 1924 ) . Following the creation of the Revvoyensoviet , the Labour and Defence Council was created on November 30 , 1918 , headed by Vladimir Lenin and consisted of Chairman of Revvoyensoviet ( Trotsky ) , a representative of VTsIK ( Joseph Stalin ) and some narkom s . Its goal was mobilizing the resources of the country towards defense . Revvoyensovet of the USSR was dissolved in 1934 .
Aigle - class destroyer The " Aigle " class destroyers ( " contre - torpilleurs " ) of the French navy were laid down between 1928 and 1929 and commissioned in 1931 and 1932 . They were very similar to the previous " Guepard " class , the only difference being improved machinery with higher pressure boilers , offering an additional of speed and a new model 138 mm gun with a sliding breech block giving a higher rate of fire . The ships were named after birds . Broken up in situ 1952 . Ships . Three of the ships ( " Albatros " , " Épervier " and " Milan " ) were stationed in Morocco as part of the Vichy French navy , and engaged Allied forces in the battle of Casablanca during Operation Torch . Along with the unfinished battleship , they engaged the Allied ' Covering Group ' , a taskforce based on the battleship . " Milan " and " Épervier " both ran aground after being damaged in the battle ; " Albatros " was damaged but , after her capture , repaired after the war and used as a gunnery training vessel .
ORP Orzeł ( 1986 ) ORP " Orzeł " ( 291 ) is a Polish Navy ' Project 877E ' ( Kilo - class ) submarine . She is the third Polish submarine to bear the name " Orzeł " . The boat was built by the Shipyard Krasnoe Sormovo in Gorky and was commissioned on 29 April 1986 at Riga . On 13 June of the same year " Orzeł " was transferred to Gdynia where was named on 21 June . The submarine was assigned to the 3rd Flotilla based in Gdynia .
USS Sandoval ( 1895 ) USS " Sandoval " ( 1895 ) was an " Alvarado " - class gunboat acquired by the United States Navy from the Spanish as a prize - of - war . Duties assigned her by the Navy included patrolling coastal and river waterways , and , later , acting as a " practice ship " for the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis , Maryland and for the New York Naval Militia as well . Service history . Captured from the Spanish during the Spanish - American War . The first ship to be named " Sandoval " by the U . S . Navy , she was a steel gunboat launched on 20 September 1895 at Clydebank Engine and Shipbuilding Co . , Clydebank , Scotland , for the Spanish Navy . She was captured on 17 July 1898 upon the surrender of Spanish forces at Santiago de Cuba . Taken in tow by the tug , " Sandoval " was berthed alongside on 2 September and commissioned the same day , Lt . Edwin C . Anderson in command . East Coast operations . Upon completing preliminary repairs , " Sandoval " was taken in tow by the tug " Manati " , and beached near Fisherman ' s Point , Cuba . There she was careened and her hull cleaned in preparation for the voyage to the United States . Towed off the beach on 1 October , " Sandoval " ran steam trials on 27 October and departed Santiago Bay on 3 November . Calling at Key West , Florida , on 9 November , " Sandoval " sailed on 13 November in company with her sister ship for Jacksonville , Florida ; Port Royal , South Carolina ; Charleston , South Carolina ; Wilmington , North Carolina ; Hampton Roads , Virginia ; and arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , on 24 December . After calling at Annapolis , Maryland , on 29 December , " Sandoval " reached the Washington Navy Yard on 3 January 1899 for repairs . Standing down the Potomac River on 3 April after overhaul , " Sandoval " and " Alvarado " continued northward to New York City ; Providence , Rhode Island ; Boston , and Marblehead , Massachusetts . Then proceeding to the Portsmouth ( N . H . ) Navy Yard , " Sandoval " was decommissioned on 10 May and placed in reserve . Recommissioning as a “ practice ship ” for the Naval Academy . Recommissioned on 14 October 1900 , " Sandoval " was assigned to the United States Naval Academy as a practice ship . Sandoval and her sister , " Alvarado " , remained at Annapolis until 1906 , returning to the Norfolk Navy Yard to decommission on 22 March 1906 . Loaned to the New York Naval Militia . Loaned to the New York Naval Militia on 16 November , she arrived in Lake Ontario in September 1907 . Commissioning each summer for training duty on the Great Lakes , she was based at Charlotte Harbor , New York , and frequently cruised to Ogdensburg and Sackets Harbor , New York . During World War I , " Sandoval " continued her training duties on the Great Lakes — calling at ports such as Erie , Pennsylvania and Chicago — into 1918 . Final decommissioning after World War I . Declared surplus to Navy requirements , " Sandoval " was ordered sold on 10 July 1919 and accordingly struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 23 July . She was sold on 30 September to Charles S . Neff of Milwaukee . She was registered until 1924 as a private yacht .
5th Armored Division ( United States ) The 5th Armored Division ( " Victory " ) was an armored formation of the United States Army active from 1941 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1956 . History . The 5th Armored " Victory " Division was activated on 10 October 1941 , and reached the United Kingdom in February 1944 . The division landed at Utah Beach on 24 July 1944 under the command of Major General Lunsford E . Oliver , and moved into combat on 2 August , driving south through Coutances , Avranches , and Vitré , and across the Mayenne River to seize the city of Le Mans , 8 August . Turning north , the division surrounded the Germans in Normandy by advancing , through Le Mêle - sur - Sarthe liberated on 11 August , to the edge of the city of Argentan on 12 August — 8 days before the Argentan - Falaise Gap was closed . Turning Argentan over to the 90th Infantry Division , the 5th Armored advanced 80 miles to capture the Eure River Line at Dreux on 16 August . Bitter fighting was encountered in clearing the Eure - Seine corridor , the second big trap in France . The 5th passed through Paris 30 August to spearhead V Corps drive through the Compiègne Forest , across the Oise , Aisne , and Somme Rivers , and reached the Belgian border at Condé , 2 September . The division then turned east , advancing 100 miles in 8 hours , and crossed the Meuse at Charleville - Mézières , 4 September . Racing past Sedan , it liberated Luxembourg City on the 10th and deployed along the German border . The reconnaissance squadron of the division sent a patrol across the German border on the afternoon of 11 September to be the first of the Allies to cross the enemy frontier . On 14 September , the 5th penetrated the Siegfried Line at Wallendorf , remaining until the 20th , to draw off enemy reserves from Aachen . In October it held defensive positions in the Monschau - Hofen sector . The division entered the Hurtgen Forest area in late November and pushed the enemy back to the banks of the Roer River in very heavy fighting . On 22 December it was withdrawn to Verviers and placed in 12th Army Group reserve . Crossing the Roer on 25 February 1945 the 5th spearheaded the XIII Corps drive to the Rhine , crossing the Rhine at Wesel , 30 March . The Division reached the banks of the Elbe at Tangermunde , 12 April — 45 miles from Berlin . On 16 April , the 5th moved to Klotze to wipe out the Von Clausewitz Panzer Division and again drove to the Elbe , this time in the vicinity of Dannenberg . The division mopped up in the Ninth Army sector until VE - day . Structure . The division consisted of these units : 1941 1944 – 45 1944 , 28 January 1945 – 9 May 1945 ) The division ' s losses included 570 killed in action , 2 , 442 wounded in action , and 140 who died of wounds . The division was inactivated on 11 October 1945 , reactivated in 1950 , and inactivated for the final time in 1956 .
Bruno Schatz Bruno Schatz ( 24 June 1894 – 3 December 1974 ) as a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Bruno Schatz was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945 in the Courland Pocket . He was held until October 1955 .
Alfred Fischer ( SS officer ) Alfred Fischer ( 14 December 1907 — 28 July 1945 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Alfred Fischer was born on the 14 December 1907 in Vienna , Austria . During World War II he volunteered to join the Waffen SS . He was awarded the German Cross in Gold while assigned to the I . Battalion , 5th SS Artillery Regiment SS Division " Wiking " in January 1943 . In March 1945 he was added to the Honour Roll Clasp of the Army and the Knight ' s Cross was awarded at the end of the war on the 9 May 1945 , while in command of the II . Battalion , 11th SS Artillery Regiment , 11th SS Panzergrenadier Division " Norland " . Fischer survived the war but died in the prisoner of war camp hospital at Landsberg an der Warthe , Germany now Poland on the 28 July 1945 .
BRDM BRDM is an initialism for " Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina " , ( RU Боевая Разведывательная Дозорная Машина ) , literally " Combat Reconnaissance Patrol Vehicle " . The BRDM is a four wheeled amphibious vehicle which is very lightly armoured by today ' s standards . Both versions were produced in the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries . Both versions came in an ATGM variant . The BRDM - 2 also came as a command vehicle and as an air defence vehicle . It comes in three versions : BRDM - 1 . The BRDM - 1 ( also known as the BTR - 40 P ) first appeared in 1959 , and was in production until 1966 . Total production was around 10 , 000 vehicles ; less than 600 remain in the reserves of a number of countries . It was armed with a pintle - mounted heavy machine gun . The initial version of the vehicle , the Model 1957 , had an open roof , but the standard production model , the Model 1958 , had a roof with twin hatches . The vehicle was used as the basis of the 2P27 anti - tank missile launcher , using AT - 1 Snapper missiles mounted in a retractable launcher . BRDM - 2 . The BRDM - 2 was intended to replace the earlier BRDM - 1 with a vehicle that had improved amphibious capabilities and better armament . The BRDM - 2 is driven by a rear - mounted gasoline engine that also supplies power to a waterjet for amphibious travel . It has a crew of four , a driver , co - driver , commander , and gunner . The armament is the same as the BTR - 60 armoured personnel carrier , a 14 . 5 mm KPV heavy machine gun with a 7 . 62 mm machine gun as a secondary weapon . The armor on the vehicle protects fully against small arms fire and artillery shell splinters . This vehicle has been exported extensively and is in use in at least 45 countries . The BRDM - 2 is sometimes confused with the Hungarian D - 442 FUG amphibious scout car and the D - 944 PSZH APC , which have rear engines but also have twin waterjets . The SA - 9 ( Nato name Gaskin ) mobile surface - to - air missile system is based on a modified BRDM - 2 ( 4 x 4 ) amphibious chassis with its belly wheels removed . The original turret has been replaced by a one - man turret with an elevating arm on each side . Mounted to each arm is a box - type launcher for the SA - 9 fire - and - forget missiles . To reduce the overall height of the system for travelling , the missiles are normally lowered into the horizontal position on each side of the vehicle . BRDM - 3 . Although some Western sources use the designator " BRDM - 3 " for the 9P148 - an anti - tank variant of the BRDM - 2 with ATGM launcher - the BRDM - 3 is in fact based on the BTR - 80AK and with a new day / night vision device in front of the commander ' s position . The crew consists of 6 men .
42nd Deoli Regiment The 42nd Deoli Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . The regiment traced their origins to 1857 , when the Meena Battalion was raised during the Indian Mutiny . This battalion was the nucleus for the infantry of the Deoli Irregular Force which in May 1861 , numbered eight companies . A cavalry detachment was added to the regiment by 1865 and continued to form part of it until at least 1886 . After this date the 42nd became an exclusively infantry regiment . The regiment later served in the Second Afghan War and World War I in the 5th ( Mhow ) Division . During the war a second battalion was raised in 1917 . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army , moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments and disbanding nine regiments . The 42nd Deoli Regiment was one of the regiments surplus to the new structure and it was disbanded on 10 December 1921 .
@ RealTimeWWII @ RealTimeWWII is a Twitter feed describing the events of World War II , created by British historian and Oxford grad Alwyn Collinson ( born 1987 ) . Collinson began the feed in late August 2011 , to coincide with the start of World War II with the German Invasion of Poland in September 1939 . He has tweeted the events of the war as they happened on each date and time exactly 72 years earlier . The feed has over 300 , 000 followers and has received worldwide media attention . Collinson has described his project as a method of helping people understand history in real terms , not just statistics , once stating it ' s about " turning numbers back into people . " He has given lectures and interviews on the project , along with others doing similar projects of other historical events . Collinson has committed to finishing the project , which would take until at least August 2017 .
401st Fighter Squadron The 401st Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 370th Fighter Group , Ninth Air Force , stationed at Camp Myles Standish , Massachusetts . It was inactivated on 7 November 1945 . History . Established in mid - 1943 at Westover Field , Massachusetts , equipped with P - 47 Thunderbolts . Trained under I Fighter Command in New England , being deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , and assigned to Ninth Air Force in England . It ' s ETO fuselage code was " 9D " . Was converted from P - 47s to P - 38 Lightning s upon arrival in the ETO . From British airfields the squadron flew sweeps over Occupied France , attacking radar installations and flak towers , and escorted bombers that attacked bridges and marshalling yards in France as the Allies prepared for the invasion of the Continent . The group provided cover for Allied forces that crossed the Channel on 6 June 1944 , and flew armed reconnaissance missions over the Cotentin Peninsula until the end of the month . On 17 July 1944 , napalm incendiary bombs were dropped for the first time in war on a fuel depot at Coutances , near St . Lô , France . After the D - Day invasion , squadron moved to its Advanced Landing Ground ( ALG ) at Cardonville , France ( ALG A - 3 ) on 20 July to support the Allied ground advance across France and into Germany . Flew armed reconnaissance during the Battle of the Bulge , attacking warehouses , highways , railroads , motor transports , and other targets . Converted to P - 51 Mustangs during February - March 1945 . Bombed bridges and docks in the vicinity of Wesel to prepare for the crossing of the Rhine , and patrolled the area as paratroops were dropped on the east bank on 24 March Supported operations Of 2d Armored Division in the Ruhr Valley in Apr . Flew last mission , a sweep over Dessau and Wittenberg , on 4 May 1945 . Returned to the United States during September – November 1945 , and was inactivated on 7 November 1945 . The unit was re - designated as the 173d Fighter Squadron and allocated to the Nebraska Air National Guard on 24 May 1946 .
William Henry Brown ( aviator ) Lieutenant William Henry Brown was a Canadian World War I flying ace credited with nine aerial victories . Early life . William Henry Brown was born in Victoria , British Columbia , Canada on 12 March 1894 . He joined the 1st Canadian Signal Corps of the Canadian Expeditionary Force to serve in World War I . He subsequently transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in early 1917 . World War I . By August 1917 , Brown was posted to 84 Squadron as a fighter pilot . He scored his first aerial victory with them on 26 November 1917 , and would continue to score with them until 3 April 1918 . Five days later , he was transferred off combat duty and returned to Home Establishment in England . He won a Military Cross for his valour . As the award citation makes clear , his bravery in dogfights was not the only reason for his medal ; ground attacks against enemy troops were also prized . Brown ' s Military Cross was gazetted on 22 June 1918 : Post World War I . Although Brown survived the war , his subsequent life is a mystery until his death on 28 February 1969 in Stellacoom , Washington , USA .
Métral submachine gun The Metral submachine gun is a submachine gun designed by Swiss army reserves officer Gerard Metral intended for clandestine manufacture and distribution during foreign occupation circumstances . It is blowback , select fire , " UZI " type design configuration , and open bolt submachine gun , along with the side folding stock . The design and function of the parts is based on various existing submachine guns ( like SUOMI M1931 for the trigger mechanism and Ingram M10 for bolt security etc . ) , along with some of the authors innovations and solutions , for example the bolt construction and folding stock . Although the subtitle of the book detailing its design and constructions calls it " homemade " , its designer calls for any constructor to be skilled at metalwork , with access to a shop lathe , drill press and milling machine ( the last being optional but very helpful ) . Metral himself says of the main spring , barrel and magazine construction : " Try doing it yourself only if you have no other choice " and calls them " difficult to build " .
Helmut Baudach Heinz - Helmut Baudach ( 7 September 1918 – died of wounds sustained on 22 February 1945 ) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II . He is credited with 21 aerial victories , including four four - engine bombers and five victories while flying the Messerschmitt Me - 262 jet fighter . Military career . Baudach joined the Luftwaffe in 1940 , and after completing flight training in 1941 was posted to JG 2 , then serving in France . Flying the Me 109 , his first aerial victory was a Halifax bomber shot down on 24 July 1941 . By early 1944 , Baudach had scored 13 victories , but transferred to Ekdo 262 . This unit , later renamed Kommando Nowotny after its commander Walter Nowotny , operated the Me 262 jet fighter . On 22 February 1945 , Baudach was shot down near Schönwalde in Me 262 A - 1a ( W . Nr . 110 781 ) . He bailed out , but struck his head on the tail unit and subsequently died of his injuries . References . < div class = " references - small " >
Vitaly Shlykov Vitaly Shlykov ( ; 1934 – 2011 ) was a spy master in the GRU , Russian deputy minister of defence and founder of the influential Council for Foreign and Defense Policy . Spying career . Shlykov was arrested in Switzerland in January 1983 following his betrayal by Dieter Gerhardt under U . S . Central Intelligence Agency interrogation . Gerhardt was a South African national who spied for the Soviet Union for 20 years before his position was compromised by the Farewell Dossier . Shlykov was arrested when he travelled to Zurich under the false name Nikolaev Mikhail Vasilyevich to meet with Gerhardt ' s wife , Ruth , who acted as a courier . Despite not dislosing his real name or any other details to Swiss authorities , he was jailed for three years for spying for the Soviet Union . After his release from prison , he started the Council for Foreign and Defense Policy , an influential think tank that provides advice to the Kremlin on security issues . He later rose the position of deputy minister of defence in the Russian Federation under Boris Yeltsin . Analysis of the demise of the Soviet Union . Shlykov argued with his superiors that the Soviet Union was basing its military and economic policies on faulty assumptions , inherited from the Joseph Stalin era . Namely , he posited that the Soviet war plans were based on the assumption that the upcoming military conflict between the USSR and NATO would strategically and technologically resemble World War II . To prepare for this contingency , it was planned to mobilize between 4 and 8 millions of soldiers and to continuously supply them with enormous quantities of materiel : tanks , cannon , planes etc . , since it was expected that the materiel ( and the soldiers ) would be constantly attritted at a high rate . Therefore , most industrial plants in the USSR were required to set aside significant production capacities during peacetime , in order to " mobilize " them when war broke out and to produce the requisite enormous quantities of war materiel . This had the effect of severely undermining the Soviet economy . Shlykov argued that the assumption that World War III would resemble World War II was wrong and that the above - described approach was ruining the Soviet economy without actually preparing it for possible future conflicts . He pointed out that the Western powers opted out of the World War II - era approach and were actively developing " smart " weapons in order to counter the Soviet preponderance in manpower and classical materiel . For his efforts he was summarily dismissed from the Soviet Army . He later publish his arguments after the fall of the Soviet Union in the open press .
659th Bombardment Squadron The 659th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 19th Bombardment Wing , stationed at Homestead AFB , Florida . It was inactivated on 1 July 1961 . History . The squadron was activated in 1958 as a result of Strategic Air Command phasing out the B - 47 , and additional squadrons were activated as part of the consolation of Stratojet wings , and the replacement of the B - 47 by B - 52 Stratofortress es . The squadron was inactivated on 1 July 1961 as part of the drawdown of the USAF B - 47 force . The squadron was assigned to 19th Bombardment Wing from 1 November 1958 to 1 July 1961 and was stationed at Homestead AFB , Florida for the period during which it operated the Boeing B - 47 Stratojet .