naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
De Bello Africo De Bello Africo ( meaning " On the African War " in Latin ) is part of the Caesarian corpus . Its authorship is disputed , though scholarly consensus has ruled out Julius Caesar as the author . It details Caesar ' s campaigns against his Republican enemies in the province of Africa .
Douglas XP - 48 The Douglas XP - 48 was a small , lightweight fighter aircraft , designed by Douglas Aircraft in 1939 for evaluation by the U . S . Army Air Corps . Intended to be powered by a small inline piston engine , the contract was cancelled before a prototype could be constructed , due to the Army ' s concerns about the projected performance of the aircraft . Inspiration . In the years before the outbreak of World War II , a number of countries became intrigued by the idea of developing a very light fighter aircraft , with these proposals often being derived from the design of racing aircraft . Following the consideration of a modified French Caudron racer by the U . S . Army Air Corps , a proposition that was considered uneconomical , Douglas Aircraft made an unsolicited proposal to the Army Air Corps of their Model 312 design in 1939 . Design and cancellation . Intended to be powered by a Ranger XV - 770 inverted V - 12 engine equipped with a supercharger , Douglas ' proposal was considered as being worth pursuing by the Army Air Corps , and on 5 August 1939 a single prototype was ordered . The Model 312 was given the Army designation XP - 48 , the 48th aircraft type in the Pursuit category . Closely resembling the later Bell XP - 77 , the design of the XP - 48 featured a wing of remarkably high aspect ratio , and was equipped with a pair of synchronized machine guns for armament , Douglas touted the XP - 48 as offering outstanding performance , with a top speed of at least , and , according to Douglas ' estimates , possibly as high as . However , this very aspect of its design was regarded by suspicion by the Army Air Corps . The Ranger engine was suffering from development difficulties and delays and would never prove truly reliable . At the same time , Douglas ' performance estimates were becoming increasingly regarded as being over - optimistic . Accordingly , in February 1940 the Army cancelled the XP - 48 contract , and without the government funding , Douglas ceased development of the aircraft .
Military Division of the South Military Division of the South was a U . S . Army established in 1869 during the period of Reconstruction . Major General H . W . Halleck was assigned to the command of the military division of the South , which was composed of the Departments of the South and Louisiana , of the Fourth Military District ( Mississippi and Arkansas ) , and the Department of the Cumberland ( composed of the States of West Virginia , Tennessee , and Kentucky ) , with its headquarters at Louisville , Kentucky . Major General Halleck , in command of the Military Division of the Pacific proceed to his new command as soon as he was relieved by Major General George Henry Thomas .
Oda Nobutaka Nobutaka was born as the third son of Oda Nobunaga and he was called " San Shichi " ( 三七 ) from possibly being born on March 7 on old Japanese calendar system . His mother is a concubine " Sakashi " ( 坂氏 ) . A theory has it that Nobutaka was actually born twenty days earlier than Nobunaga ' s second son Oda Nobukatsu but it was reported later than Nobukatsu ' s birth to Nobunaga and thus was acknowledged as the third son . According to this theory , it is also believed that the low status of his mother ' s parents had played a factor as well . On 1568 , after Nobunaga controlled Ise Province , Nobutaka was installed by the victorious Nobunaga to take over the head of Kanbe clan based around Kanbe Castle near the present day , Suzuka , Mie . His elder brother , Nobukatsu on the next year became an adopted member of Kitabatake clan ruling much larger area of southern Ise Province . Nobutaka was reported by missionaries to have a better character than the older Nobukatsu but was ranked lower and held less area than he did . On 1582 , Nobutaka was commanded to lead an army against Shikoku and had such retainers as Niwa Nagahide and Tsuda Nobusumi , who was the son of Nobunaga ' s younger brother Nobuyuki , under his command . But while readying his army at Sakai to cross the sea , Nobunaga was killed at Honnō - ji by Akechi Mitsuhide . Nobutaka turned back and at Osaka , killed Nobusumi who was married to a daughter of Mitsuhide and had his father , Oda Nobuyuki killed . While Nobutaka ' s suspicion did make some sense , no evidence had turned up that would connect Nobusumi to Mitsuhide . At Tomida of Settsu Province , Nobutaka joined Hashiba Hideyoshi who had turned back as well and fought at battle of Yamazaki . Yet despite having been present to avenge for his father , at the meeting to determine the next and future head of Oda clan in Kiyosu Castle , Nobutaka was left out of the discussion and Sanpōshi became the head of clan . He gained Mino Province where the eldest son , Oda Nobutada had ruled before his death by Mitsuhide , but this was still far short of what he had hoped for . He later allied with Shibata Katsuie and Takigawa Kazumasu to start a war against Hideyoshi , but while Nobutaka was surrounded at Gifu Castle by Nobukatsu , Katsuie lost at battle of Shizugatake and Nobutaka surrendered . Nobutaka was sent to Daimidoji at Noma , Chitano county , Owari Province where Minamoto no Yoshitomo had been assassinated at the end of Heian period . Under the pressure from Hideyoshi and Nobukatsu , he committed suicide . Two dates , June 19 and June 21 are given for his death . His waka composed before dying was as follows . It is a vengeful poetry that would be translated as , " You had killed the one you had served , may kami strike you down , Hashiba Hideyoshi " .
USS Cable ( ARS - 19 ) USS " Cable " ( ARS - 19 ) was a built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She served in the Pacific Ocean theater of the war . Because of her bravery in dangerous combat areas , she returned home after the war ' s end with three battle stars and the Navy Unit Commendation . " Cable " was launched 1 April 1943 by Basalt Rock Company in Napa , California ; sponsored by Mrs . B . Elliott ; and commissioned 6 March 1944 , Lieutenant Commander H . Pond , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . " Cable " began her salvage and rescue work while still in shakedown training , when she took in tow for San Diego , California , the water barge " AW - 86 " , which had suffered a breakdown off Cape San Lucas , Mexico . " Cable " cleared San Pedro , California , 30 April 1944 , towing small craft to Kwajalein on her way to Milne Bay , New Guinea . Here she offered salvage and rescue services until sailing 10 August for Manus and Cairns , Australia , where she loaded firefighting and salvage teams . Continuing the lengthy process of invasion preparation , she sailed to Milne Bay to load firefighting equipment , and on 18 October put out from Hollandia , New Guinea , in a convoy of supply ships for the initial landings on Leyte . Supporting the invasion of the Philippines . Many ships were damaged in the furious naval and air actions which accompanied the Leyte , and later the Lingayen , operations . " Cable ' s " essential services aided many ; she made seaworthy again in only two days after the destroyer had flooded from the 19 shell hits received in the Battle of Surigao Strait . Such duty in San Pedro Bay and Lingayen Gulf was followed by assignment to harbor clearance at Manila through the spring of 1945 . Awarded the Navy Unit Commendation . " Cable ' s " devoted and skillful service in the Philippines was recognized with the award of the Navy Unit Commendation . Supporting the Borneo invasion . " Cable " stood out of Manila Bay on 30 May 1945 where her repair facilities helped ready ships for the Borneo invasion . She steamed to Balikpapan for frontline support in July , and in August returned to the Philippines for continued service through 6 March 1946 . End - of - war activity . Homeward bound , she towed non - self - propelled Barracks ship " APL - 18 " from Pearl Harbor to San Diego , where she arrived 28 July 1946 for local operations until 28 January 1947 . Proceeding to the U . S . East Coast , " Cable " carried out salvage , rescue , and towing assignments in New England waters until 15 September 1947 . Post - war decommissioning . In 1947 she was decommissioned at Boston , Massachusetts . She was loaned for commercial service the same day . She was sunk as a target on 7 August 1978 . Awards . In addition to the Navy Unit Commendation , Cable received three battle stars for World War II service .
USS Redwing ( YTB - 783 ) USS " Redwing " ( YTB - 783 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for the Redwing songbird . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Redwing " was awarded 31 January 1964 . She was laid down on 9 August 1965 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 20 October 1965 . Operational history . On 23 November 1965 " Redwing " , in company with , another newly constructed tug , departed the builder ' s yard for delivery to the Naval Station San Diego , California . Placed in service in June 1965 , " Redwing " , was fitted with special fenders to allow her to work with the United States Navy ' s round - hulled nuclear - powered submarines , operated in the 11th and 12th Naval District s , assisting larger Navy ships in docking and performing general towing services . Beginning in 1969 , " Redwing " was assigned to Adak Army Base and Adak Naval Operating Base , Adak , Alaska , operating in rough North Pacific waters . Along with the , duties included assisting in docking operations , search and rescue operations in some of the roughest water in the world , research trips , transportation around the island and to other islands in the Aleutian chain , and any other odd jobs that came along . As the only two work boats assigned to the very busy cold war base on Adak , they were kept very busy . Stricken from Navy List in 28 March 2003 , " Redwing " was transferred to the Local Redevelopment Authority 17 March 2004 .
HMS Britannia ( 1762 ) HMS " Britannia " was a 100 - gun first - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy . She was ordered on 25 April 1751 from Portsmouth Dockyard to the draught specified in the 1745 Establishment . Her keel was laid down on 1 July 1751 and she was launched on 19 October 1762 . The cost of building and fitting totalled £45 , 844 / 2s / 8d . Her main gundeck armament of twenty - eight 42 - pounder guns was later replaced by 32 - pounders . In the 1790s ten of her quarterdeck guns and two of her forecastle guns were replaced by the same number of 32 - pounder carronade s . " Britannia " was first commissioned in September 1778 , and saw service during the War of American Independence . From 1793 – 1795 she was the flagship of Vice - Admiral Hotham . She fought at the Battle of Cape St Vincent and at the Battle of Trafalgar , where she carried the flag of Rear - Admiral of the White William Carnegie , Earl of Northesk . She lost 10 men killed and 42 wounded at Trafalgar , and following that battle she was laid up in ordinary in the Hamoaze at Plymouth in 1806 . The ship was renamed on 6 January 1810 as HMS " Princess Royal " , then on 18 January 1812 as HMS " St George " and once more on 2 June 1819 as HMS " Barfleur " . She was third of seven ships to bear the name " Britannia " , and was broken up at Plymouth in February 1825 . She was known as ' Old Ironsides ' long before USS " Constitution " .
Bergmann Offensive The Bergmann Offensive ( ; ; in Russian literature , " Köprüköy operation " ) was the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign during World War I . General Georgy Bergmann , commander of I Caucasian Army Corps , took the initiative against the Ottoman Empire . Contact between the armias began on 6 November . On 15 November , Bergmann ' s troops crossed the border in the general direction of Köprüköy . On the right flank , a brigade under Istomin moved from Oltu in the direction of İd . On the left flank a Cossack division under Baratov moved into the Eleşkirt valley towards Yuzveran , after it crossed the Aras River . In response the Ottoman 3rd Army went on a general counter - offensive . As a result Russian forces were threatened by an enveloping movement on both sides . Only quick arrival of Russian reinforcements saved the situation . The fighting finally died away on 29 November . Russian losses were up to 40 % and their morale was shaken . Meanwhile , Turkish morale was high . The success during this first engagement encouraged Enver Pasha in his plan to attack at Sarıkamış .
Felix M . Witkoski Felix M . Witkoski ( January 5 , 1850 ? - February 3 , 1952 ) is a spurious candidate for the last surviving Confederate Veteran . He claimed that in 1862 he was turned back as too young by a Texas regiment , but walked to Montgomery , Alabama and successfully enlisted as a water boy in the 53rd Alabama Infantry . He was supposedly wounded in his stomach in the Battle of Atlanta and fought through the rest of the war . It is possible he went to the Klondike in search of gold in 1897 , although this was only a story he told in later life . Around that time he moved to California , at first to Oakland , then San Francisco , and later Glendale . A chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy presented Witkoski with a Southern Cross of Honor in 1943 . He was afflicted with heart disease for the last four years of his life . He died on February 3 , 1952 , in Burbank , California . He is buried with full military honors in an Inglewood , California cemetery . However , the 1870 census of Texas indicates that his six - year - old brother was born in Poland , which precludes the family immigrating to the US before 1864 . The 1900 census of California documents Witkoski ' s birth as October 1854 , rather than 1850 , and indicates that he came to the US in 1864 . There is no evidence to document his service , and his subsequent , arbitrary backdating of his birth fits the mold of deliberate fabrication .
V - 1 and V - 2 Intelligence Intelligence on the V - 1 and V - 2 weapons developed by the Germans for attacks on the United Kingdom during the Second World War was important to countering them . Intelligence came from a number of sources and the Anglo - American intelligence agencies used it to assess the threat of the German V - weapons . The activities included use of the Double Cross System for counter - intelligence and the British ( code name d ) " Big Ben " project to reconstruct and evaluate German missile technology for which Denmark , Poland , Sweden , and the USSR provided assistance . German counter - intelligence ruses were used to mislead the Allies about V - 1 launch sites and the Peenemünde Army Research Center which were targeted for attacks by the Allies . Timeline . PR — aerial photographic reconnaissance < br > - exchange of early stray V2 rocket . < br > , — events regarding Anglo - American intelligence < br > , , — military operations ( RAF , US , Luftwaffe ) The day after Strategic Bombing Directive No . 4 ended the strategic air war in Europe , the use of radar was discontinued in the London Civil Defence Region for detecting V - 2 launches . The last launches had been on March 27 ( V - 2 ) and March 29 ( V - 1 flying bomb ) .
Charles Hartwell Bonesteel , Jr . Charles Hartwell Bonesteel , Jr . ( April 9 , 1885 – June 5 , 1964 ) was a Major General in the United States Army . He commanded the United States Army Infantry School and the G - 1 ( personnel ) staff section of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II . He was the father of General Charles H . Bonesteel III . Biography . The son of U . S . Army Major Charles Hartwell Bonesteel , Sr . ( 1851 – 1902 ; West Point , 1876 ) , the second Charles H . Bonesteel ( pronounced " Bonn - eh - stel " ) was born at Fort Sidney , Nebraska on April 9 , 1885 . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1908 and was appointed a Second Lieutenant of Infantry . His initial assignments included postings in the Philippines , Hawaii and Texas . During World War I he served with the 55th Infantry Regiment , and later at the Newport News , Virginia point of embarkation . From 1919 to 1924 Bonesteel was an instructor at West Point . Bonesteel graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College in 1926 and served on the staff of the Chief of Infantry until 1930 . From 1930 to 1931 Bonesteel was assigned to the 18th Infantry Regiment , first as Commander of its 1st Battalion , and later as the regiment ' s Executive Officer , or second in command . In 1932 he graduated from the United States Army War College . From 1932 to 1940 Bonesteel ' s assignments included : Instructor and Section Chief at the Infantry School ; Commander , 1st Battalion 2nd Infantry Regiment ; and Commander of the 19th Infantry Regiment . Beginning in 1940 Bonetseel ' s service covered several command positions , to include : Chief of Staff , VI Corps Area and Second U . S . Army ; Commander , VI Corps Area ; Commander , 5th Infantry Division ; Commander , Iceland Base Command ; Commandant of the Infantry School ; Commander , Western Defense Command ; and Assistant to the Commanding General , Twelfth United States Army Group . He was promoted to Brigadier General in 1940 and Major General in 1941 . In 1944 Bonesteel was assigned as Commander of the G - 1 ( Personnel ) Staff Section at SHAEF Headquarters . He remained in this position until 1945 , when he was assigned as Chief of the General Inspectorate Section for the U . S . European Theater of Operations . Later in 1945 Bonesteel returned to the United States as President of the War Department Manpower Board , where he served until retiring in 1947 . General Bonesteel ' s awards and decorations included the Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit and Bronze Star Medal . Bonesteel died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington , D . C . on June 5 , 1964 . He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery , Section 3 , Site 1374 - A .
Andrew Goodpaster Andrew Jackson Goodpaster ( February 12 , 1915 – May 16 , 2005 ) was an American Army General . He served as NATO ' s Supreme Allied Commander , Europe ( SACEUR ) from July 1 , 1969 and Commander in Chief of the United States European Command ( CINCEUR ) from May 5 , 1969 until his retirement December 17 , 1974 . As such , he was the commander of all NATO ( SACEUR ) and United States ( CINCEUR ) military forces stationed in Europe and the surrounding regions . General Goodpaster returned to service in June 1977 as the 51st Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York until he retired again in July 1981 . Career . Goodpaster ' s entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1935 , followed in 1939 by a commission as a second Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers after graduating second in his class of 456 . After serving in Panama he returned to the U . S . in mid - 1942 and , in 1943 , attended a wartime course at the Command and General Staff School , Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . During World War II , Goodpaster commanded the 48th Engineer Combat Battalion in North Africa and Italy . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross , the Silver Star , and two Purple Heart s for his service in World War II . His combat experience was cut short in January 1944 , when he was severely wounded and sent back to the United States to recover . After his wounds had healed , he was assigned to the War Planning Office under General Marshall , where he served the duration of the war . Goodpaster was seen by many as the quintessential " soldier - scholar " . At Princeton University he earned an M . S . in Engineering and an M . A . in 1949 and then earned a Ph . D . in International Affairs , also from Princeton , in 1950 . First retirement . After retiring in 1974 , he served as senior fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and taught at The Citadel . His book , " For the Common Defense " was published in 1978 . He was brought back to active duty as superintendent of the U . S . Military Academy ( 1977 – 1981 ) after a notorious cheating scandal in 1976 . Although he had retired with the rank of General ( four star ) , he served as superintendent with the rank of Lieutenant General ( three star ) , since that billet carries that rank . Second retirement and later years . In 1981 , when Goodpaster retired for the second time , he reverted to the four - star rank . In his later years , Goodpaster was vocal in advocating the reduction of nuclear weapons . In September 1994 , he commented , “ Increasingly , nuclear weapons are seen to constitute a nuisance and a danger rather than a benefit or a source of strength . ” In 1996 , along with General Lee Butler and Rear Admiral Eugene Carroll , Goodpaster co - authored a statement for the Global Security Institute advocating the complete elimination of nuclear weapons due to their danger and lack of military utility . Bibliography . Listed in order of date published , the last is first :
Le Van Kim Lieutenant General Lê Văn Kim ( born 1918 ) is a former general of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam . He was the brother in law of General Trần Văn Đôn and together with General Dương Văn Minh , the trio organised the 1963 South Vietnamese coup which toppled President Ngô Đình Diệm and ended in the assassinations of Diệm and his brother , Ngô Đình Nhu .
339th Infantry Regiment The 339th Infantry Regiment was drafted in June 1918 , for the purpose of fighting in France . Most of the 4 , 487 men were from Michigan , but some 500 draftees from Wisconsin were included . It was commonly referred to as " Detroits Own " . They were sent to fight the Bolsheviks in Northern Russia . The journey to Archangel went via England , where they were outfitted with English winter equipment . Only after leaving England , were the men told of their destination . Spanish Influenza broke out on two of the three transports , and seventy - two men would eventually succumb to the disease or resultant pneumonia .
Mircea ( ship ) The Mircea is a three masted barque , built in 1938 in Hamburg by the Blohm & Voss shipyard as a training vessel for the Romanian Navy . Her design is based on the successful plans of the " Gorch Fock " ; the last of a series of four sister ships . The ship is named after the Wallachian Prince Mircea the Elder . After World War II she was temporarily taken over by the USSR , but later returned to Romania . In 1966 , she was overhauled by Blohm & Voss . The Romanian Navy had an older ship with the same name which was operational from 1882 to 1944 .