naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fernando Santos Costa Colonel Fernando dos Santos Costa ( December 19 , 1899 - October 15 , 1982 ) was a Portuguese army officer who held the office of Minister of War in the government of António Salazar between 1944 and 1958 . Early career . Santos Costa and Salazar met at the University of Coimbra in 1917 , where they were both members of a Catholic student organisation , the Academic Centre for Christian Democracy . Santos Costa went on to join the army and , as a second - lieutenant , took part in the abortive royalist uprising against the Portuguese Republic in 1919 . Still later , he was involved in the 1926 coup , that by degrees turned Portugal into an entrenched right - wing dictatorship . The decisive moment came in 1928 with the appointment of Salazar as Minister of Finance . Salazar went on to become Prime Minister in 1932 , and established a Benito Mussolini - style corporate state , governed by ' non - party ' specialists . One such specialist was Santos Costa , who became Deputy Minister of War in 1936 , even though he still only held the junior rank of captain in the army . Santos Costa was set to become one of the leading figures of the New State , the style adopted by the Salazar dictatorship , responsible for the reforms intended to improve the fighting efficiency of the army . After the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 , he was also strongly associated with the faction in both the state and army that desired a German victory , even though this went against the good relations that Portugal traditionally enjoyed with England . Although far more right - wing than Salazar himself , and something of a dangerous political maverick , he was finally appointed full minister of war in 1944 , because of his skill in ensuring that the army remained an effective prop for the dictatorship . Post - war career . After the war Santos Costa was among the more reactionary members of the government , resisting all attempts at liberalisation . Following the death in 1951 of General Carmona , the head of state , he supported the restoration of monarchy , along with the monarchist wing of the New State . Most of the regimen leaders disagreed . Salazar seeing no advantages in the return of the monarchy , also supported the keeping of the elective President of the Republic . In August 1958 , in a surprise move by Salazar , Santos Costa was finally dropped from the government , along with Marcelo Caetano , from the more liberal wing of the New State apparatus . Nevertheless , he remained politically active , supporting his old boss at one moment , only to plot against him at the next . His ambitions to replace Salazar as premier were well - known , causing one member of the opposition to remark " If it is inevitable that we are going to have Santos Costa , we shall say mass every morning that the good Lord preserve Salazar . "
Polish Air Force Academy The Polish Air Force Academy ( Polish : " Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych " ) is located in Deblin , eastern Poland . The Air Force Academy is an accredited university for the undergraduate education of officers for the Polish Air Force . It was established in the interwar period in 1927 . Faculties . The cadets undergo training in one of the following specialties : Equipment . Many other aircraft visit Deblin Air Force Base on daily basis . Aircraft such as : Mig - 29 , F - 16 , PZL W - 3 Sokół , C - 295 and many others .
John B . Nichols John Bennett Nichols , III ( September 28 , 1931 – June 17 , 2004 ) was a United States Navy aviator and author . Raised in Hialeah , Florida , Nichols enlisted in the United States Army and served as a combat medic during the Korean War . After attending college he was accepted for NavCad training and commissioned in 1957 . Originally he flew the North American FJ - 4 Fury but shortly thereafter he flew the Vought F - 8 Crusader , the aircraft that defined his professional career . Nichols joined Fighter Squadron 62 ( VF - 62 ) and adopted the callsign " Pirate . " He also became a landing signal officer as well as a flight and tactics instructor . In the latter capacity he was one of the founding members of the Naval Fighter Weapons School that evolved into " Topgun . " During the Vietnam War Nichols made three Tonkin Gulf deployments between 1967 and 1973 , flying from the aircraft carriers and . On his first combat deployment , assigned to VF - 191 , Nichols was wingman to LCDR Michael Estocin , who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for actions in April 1967 . On the following deployment Nichols destroyed one of two North Vietnamese MiG - 17 s that were attacking an RF - 8 reconnaissance plane . He later commanded VF - 24 during the closing days of the war in 1973 . At the end of his naval career , he was one of only five pilots to log over 3 , 000 hours in the demanding Crusader . Upon retirement in 1975 , Nichols entered the real estate business in Southern California and wrote occasionally . The first of his two books was a combination memoir and analysis titled " On Yankee Station " ( 1987 ) . " Warriors , " a novel about a Mideast air war , was released shortly before Operation Desert Storm in 1990 . Both were written with his friend Barrett Tillman . " On Yankee Station " was well received in military aviation circles , and was added to the Air Force and Marine Corps professional reading lists . Ironically , it was not selected for a Navy readership though at least one carrier air wing took copies to Operation Desert Storm in 1990 – 91 . Nichols returned to Florida and settled in Melbourne with his wife Jacqueline . There he died of cancer at age 72 , survived his three children , John IV , Gray and Leigh from a previous marriage , his wife , and two step daughters . Nichols is also survived by his brothers , James and Steve Nichols and sisters , Fran Brady and Dorothy Battaglia .
Treaty of Niš ( 1739 ) The Treaty of Niš was a peace treaty signed on 3 October 1739 in Niš ( East Serbia ) , by the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire . The Russo - Turkish War , 1735 - 1739 was the result of the Russian effort to gain Azov and Crimea as a first step towards dominating the Black Sea . The Habsburg Monarchy entered the war in 1737 on the Russian side , but was forced to make peace with Ottomans at the separate Treaty of Belgrade , surrendering Northern Serbia , Northern Bosnia and Oltenia , and allowing the Ottomans to resist the Russian push toward Constantinople . In return , the Sultan acknowledged the Habsburg Emperor as the official protector of all Ottoman Christian subjects ( " see Ottoman millet " ) , a position also claimed by Russia . The Austrian peace treaty compelled Russia to accept peace at Niš ' , forcing them to give up their claim to Crimea and Moldavia , but allowing them to build a port at Azov without fortifications or have any fleet in the Black Sea .
Augustine Warner Robins General Augustine Warner Robins ( September 29 , 1882 - June 16 , 1940 ) is often credited as the Father of Logistics in the modern United States Air Force , then known as the Army Air Corps . He was instrumental in the establishment of the first official and workable Air Force supply maintenance and accountability system , and helped establish official guidelines for the training of logistics officers , NCOs , and civilians working for the Air Force . He is also the namesake of the city of Warner Robins , Georgia . Robins was born in Gloucester Courthouse , Virginia in 1882 . His parents were Col . William Todd Robins , the commander of the 24th Virginia Cavalry in the American Civil War , and Sally Berkeley Nelson . Robins was named after his grandfather , Augustine Warner ( A . W . ) Robins . A West Point cadet ( 1903 – 07 ) , Robins served under General John Pershing ' s punitive 1916 expedition into Mexico against Pancho Villa . In 1919 , he was sent to the Supply Division of the fledgling Air Service at Wright Field , Ohio , where he spent the next twenty years playing his pivotal role in the development of air - based combat logistics . In 1935 , he was promoted to Brigadier General , one of four in the Army Air Corps at that time , and was given command of the Materiel Division at Wright Field ; for the next four years , he would push for increased funding for research and development , as well as key technologies such as B - 17 s , the Norden bombsight , and the high - octane gasoline that would later power the fighters of World War II in the European and Pacific theaters . In 1939 , he was reassigned to the command of the Air Training division in Texas ; however , he died from a heart attack in June of the next year . Over a year after his death , the Army Air Corps began to make use of Robins ' contributions during its actions in World War II . The Warner Robins Army Air Depot ( now the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center , or " WR - ALC " ) at Robins Field , later to become Robins Air Force Base , Georgia , was named in honor of General Robins , and is also a major depot for Air Force logistics in its own right .
USS Kaloli ( AOG - 13 ) USS " Kaloli " ( AOG - 13 ) was a gasoline tanker acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet , and to remote Navy stations . " Kaloli " was launched in 1941 as " Flying A " by the Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock Co . , Charleston , South Carolina ; owned by Tidewater Associated Oil Co . , San Francisco , California ; and acquired and commissioned by the Navy at Honolulu , Hawaii , 29 April 1942 , Lt . Comdr . G . H . Chapman , Jr . , in command . World War II service . Taken over on time charter through the Maritime Commission , " Kaloli " served as a unit of Service Squadron 8 , supplying forward island depots in the Pacific Ocean with military supplies and material . Supporting the Pacific Fleet . Operating out of Pearl Harbor , she ranged the Central Pacific and provided logistic support for bases at Midway , Johnston , Canton , Christmas , and Palmyra Island s . She conducted over 40 fueling missions to these islands between 28 May 1942 and 3 July 1945 , carrying over 20 million gallons of aviation gasoline as well as lesser quantities of commercial gasoline and diesel fuel . Though she was never in combat , her service to combat ships of the Navy was both efficient and valuable . " Kaloli " shuttled fuel among various tank farms in the Hawaiian Islands from July to October 1945 . On 11 October she cleared Pearl Harbor for the U . S . West Coast , arriving San Diego , California , 23 October . She departed the 29th for the eastern seaboard , and , after transiting the Panama Canal 12 November , she arrived New York 25 November . Post - war decommissioning . " Kaloli " decommissioned 7 December and transferred to the Maritime Commission for return to her former owner . She was struck from the Navy List 3 January 1946 . Final disposition : fate unknown . Military awards and honors . " Kaloli ’ s " crew was eligible for the following medals :
Eldon P . Wyman Eldon P . Wyman ( 11 January 1917 - 7 December 1941 ) was an ensign serving aboard the USS Oklahoma ( BB - 37 ) when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 . Wyman was among the sailors trapped inside the Oklahoma when it sank at its berth . Early life . Wyman was born in Portland , Oregon on 11 January 1917 . He attended the University of Oregon from 1936 to 1940 , before enlisting in the United States Naval Reserve as an apprentice seaman on 22 August 1940 at Portland . Military career . Following training on the USS Tuscaloosa ( CA - 37 ) , Wyman accepted an appointment as midshipman in the Naval Reserve on 17 March 1941 . Attending the Naval Reserve Midshipman ' s School at Northwestern University in Chicago , Illinois , Wyman was commissioned as an ensign on 12 June and reported to the USS Oklahoma ( BB - 37 ) on 19 July . The Oklahoma subsequently operated out of Pearl Harbor as a unit of Battleship Division 1 on exercises in the Hawaiian operating area and off the west coast as tensions increased in the Pacific and in the Far East . By early December 1941 , Wyman was serving as junior watch officer of the ship ' s " F " ( fire control ) division . Moored outboard of the USS Maryland ( BB - 46 ) during the attack on Pearl Harbor , the Oklahoma took four aerial torpedo es and rolled over at her berth ; among those trapped within the ship ' s hull was Wyman . On 4 September 2008 the Defense Prisoner of War / Missing Personnel Office announced the remains of Wyman and two other seamen had been identified . Namesake . The USS Wyman ( DE - 38 ) , a destroyer escort , was named for Ensign Wyman .
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger I The Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger I was a German heavy tank from World War II . The Tiger has earned a legendary reputation as being indestructible . In reality , the tank was unreliable , slow and hard to manufacture . History . Origins . When Germany attacked Russia in 1941 , the Germans realised that their tanks were ineffective against the Soviet machines . Furthermore , Germany lacked a heavy tank , so Hitler agreed with Albert Speer to build a heavy tank . The tank was to mount the 88mm anti - aircraft and anti - tank gun and have thick armour . Two rival companies , Henshel and Porshe agreed to build two working prototypes by 1942 . The two companies spent 11 months planning and building the prototypes and when the prototypes were unveiled , the Henshel tank was chosen , for it was believed that the Porshe tank was too ineffective . The Porshe chassis would be incorporated into the Ferdinand tank destroyer . First Appearance . When the Tiger first appeared in North Africa at the end of 1942 , there was no Allied weapon that could destroy it . The tank was deadly , for to destroy one , an M4 Sherman had to get within 600 metres . The Tiger could destroy a Sherman from over 2000 metres , which was a long distance . The Tiger tank was so powerful that their tank crews were ordered to destroy them to stop them from getting into enemy hands . In January 1943 , a group of 3 Tigers attacked the Allied base in Tunisia . A group of Allied tanks drove across a long field , with two hills in front of them , to engage the tanks . Unfortunately , there were two of the 3 Tigers on the hills . The entire Allied tank brigade was destroyed , with only one Tiger Tank destroyed . The next day , the Allies returned with a larger force and found a Tiger tank completely abandoned on the battlefield . The tank was intact , apart from one shell that had jammed the turret . This was Tiger 131 . It was taken back to the UK for testing , survived the war and is now the only working Tiger I left . The Eastern Front . The Tiger I would not see combat on the Eastern Front until 1943 , where it was a great success . Against Soviet T - 34 tanks it was extremely effective but against Soviet aircraft it was defenceless . At the Battle of Kursk , the Tiger I destroyed more Soviet tanks than all the other tank kills put together . One tank ace , Michael Wittman , navigated his Tiger tank into a swarm of Soviet KV - 1 tanks and destroyed them all . Wittman would earn 100 tank kills on the Eastern Front before being transferred to Normandy .
Miao dao The Miao Dao ( 苗刀 ) is a Chinese two - handed dao or saber of the Republican era , with a narrow blade of up to 1 . 2 meters or more and a long hilt . The name means " sprout saber " , presumably referring to a likeness between the weapon and a newly sprouted plant . While the miao dao is a recent weapon , the name has come to be applied to a variety of earlier Chinese long sabers , such as the zhanmadao and changdao . Along with the dadao , miao dao were used by some Chinese troops during the Second Sino - Japanese War . While the miao dao is rarely practiced in modern Chinese martial arts , some schools of piguaquan and tongbeiquan ( in the Guo Changsheng lineage ) and xingyiquan train with the weapon . The miao dao is also often mistakenly claimed to have been one of the weapons taught at the Central Military Academy in Nanjing ; the weapon in question was actually a European style officer ' s saber , though some later schools may have based miao dao techniques on this form . The " miao " of miao dao should not be confused with the Miao ethnic group , who are not associated with this weapon .
Steel Bib Steel bib ( Russian : Stalynoi Nagrudnik " ) is ( a type of body armor basically a breastplate developed by the Red Army in World War II . The native Cyrillic abbreviation for the vest was СН , the Cyrillic letters Es and En . ) It consisted of two pressed steel plates that protected the front torso and groin . The plates were 2 mm ( . 08 " ) and weighed 3 . 5 kg ( 7 . 7 lbs ) . This armor was supplied to SHISBr ( assault engineers ) and Tankodesantniki ( infantry that rode on tanks ) of some tank brigades . Models . Several models have been created ( the number indicates the year of development ) : The Steel breastplates ( along with the conventional steel SSh - 40 helmets equipped the assault engineers and demining brigades of the Supreme Command Reserve STAVKA , for which they are sometimes called " tubular infantry . " Bib SN - 42 was designed to protect against attack with the bayonet , small fragments , and 9 - mm pistol bullets with lead cores , providing protection against damage from a submachine gun MP - 38 / 40 from a distance of 10 m is also a distance of 100 – 150 m stand shot from a rifle 7 . 92mm Gewehr 41 , but on condition that the bullet went on a tangent . Following the adoption of the Wehrmacht on the supply of 9mm cartridges , the cartridge code R . 08 mE ( German : mit Eisen Kern ) , with a bullet with mild steel ( iron ) core , required the thickness increased to 2 . 6 mm Chest ( 2 . 5 - 2 . 7 mm ) , which received the name of the SN - 46 . By modern standards , roughly equivalent to Class II vest . Combat application Photo of the upper part of the museum ' s steel breastplate Kamenetz - Podolsk Fortress Estimates of Chest front - line soldiers ambiguous : there are both positive and negative feedback . Vest has worked well in the street fighting during the storming of cities , in the melee , when the soldier walked or ran . At the same time in the field more fighters assault teams moved on their bellies , and breastplates became useless noise .
U . S . and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement The U . S . and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement was signed on March 8 , 1954 in Tokyo between John Moore Allison of the United States and Katsuo Okazaki of Japan . The accord contained eleven articles and seven amendments ( or annexes ) . The agreement dictated that both the United States and Japan support each other militarily . Specifically , it permitted the United States to station its troops on Japanese soil in order to maintain security in the region . Moreover , Japan was obligated to take responsibility in protecting itself and was permitted to rearm for defensive purposes only . Ultimately , the agreement was ratified on May 1 , 1954 .
Landsverk 100 Landsverk 100 was a Swedish prototype tank in development during World War II . It had a crew of two , and its armament consisted of a 20 mm gun or one 6 . 5 mm machine gun . Top speed was around 55 km / h , and the vehicle weighed almost 5 tons . The Landsverk 100 was never adopted by the Swedish Army .
HMS Ford ( 1918 ) HMS " Ford " was a Hunt class minesweeper of the Royal Navy from World War I . " Ford " was renamed from HMS " Fleetwood " prior to launch . Service as " Forde " . In 1928 she was sold to Townsend Bros and converted into a car ferry between Dover and Calais , fitted with a stern door which folded down onto the quay . However , this was unusable , and the cars were craned on . She could carry 165 passengers and 26 cars . Two general saloons , a ladies ’ saloon and three private state rooms were constructed . During the Second World War " Forde " served under the Admiralty as a salvage vessel . Afterwards she was refitted at Southampton and returned to Dover as a car ferry on 12 April 1947 . She was withdrawn in October 1949 , sold to Bland Line , renamed " Gibel Tarik " and finished her days as a car ferry between Gibraltar and Tangier , Morocco , finally being withdrawn in 1954 .
List of Arkansas Civil War Union units Like almost all Southern states during the American Civil War , Arkansas provided a number of units to fight for the Union from African - Americans and Northern sympathizers . 5 , 526 African - Americans served in units raised from the State of Arkansas .
List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy This is a list of auxiliaries of the United States Navy . It covers the various types of ships that support the frontline combat vessels of the United States Navy . " See also : " IX - 236 through IX - 299 unused IX - 328 through IX - 500 unused < / div >
French cruiser Léon Gambetta The Léon Gambetta was a French Navy armoured cruiser of 12 , 400 tons , the lead ship of the her class . The " Gambettas " were larger than previous armoured cruisers of the class , but they lacked the heavier firepower . They also were vulnerable to underwater attacks . Early history . She was launched on 26 October 1901 at the Arsenal de Brest . While on steam trial in December 1903 , she struck an unknown pinnacle of rock off Black Rock Islands near Brest in fog and suffered considerable damage . Repairs were not complete until mid - 1904 . Sinking . On the night of 27 April 1915 , when south of Santa Maria di Leuca ( the south - eastern tip of Italy in the Ionian Sea ) in position , she was torpedoed twice by Austro - Hungarian submarine under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Georg Ludwig Ritter von Trapp , patriarch of the Von Trapp Family Singers . " Léon Gambetta " was part of the French fleet based at Malta blockading the Austrian Navy in the Adriatic , usually from a position south of the Strait of Otranto . At this time the blockade line was moved further north because of expected Austrian naval activity – the Allies were negotiating with the Italians which shortly led to them declaring war on Austria - Hungary . In spite of the growing threat from Austrian and now German U - boats in the Mediterranean , the armoured cruiser was patrolling unescorted at a reported on a clear , calm night just to the south of the Otranto Straits when she was torpedoed by the " U - 5 " . " Léon Gambetta " sank in just 10 minutes . Out of 821 men on board , 684 including Rear Admiral Victor Baptistin Senes , commander of the 2nd Light Division , were lost along with all commissioned officers . There were 137 survivors . The French cruiser patrol line was moved South to the longitude of Cephalonia , western Greece . Other sources place her loss off Cape Leuca .
Richard Warren ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Richard Laird Warren ( 1806 – 29 July 1875 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , The Nore . Naval career . Born the son of Admiral Frederick Warren , Warren joined the Royal Navy in 1822 . Promoted to Captain in 1839 , he commanded HMS " Magicienne " and then HMS " Trincomalee " . The " Trincomalee " was assigned to provide hurricane relief and to search vessels for slave - trade activities on the North American Station . He also commanded HMS " Cressy " in the Black Sea during the Crimean War . He was appointed Commander - in - chief , South - East Coast of America in 1861 and Commander - in - Chief , The Nore in 1869 and retired in 1870 . Family . In 1844 he married Eleanor Charlotte Warren ; they had six sons and four daughters .