naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Marcos González de Balcarce Marcos González de Balcarce ( 1777 – 1832 ) was an Argentine military commander and politician in the early 19th century . González de Balcarce was born in Buenos Aires . He was the son of General Francisco González de Balcarce and younger brother of Juan Ramón and Antonio , both distinguished military commanders and politicians also . He joined the armed forces as a cadet in 1788 , under the command of his father , and fought in Vicroy Rafael de Sobremonte ' s campaigns against incursions by Portuguese Brazilian forces into Misiones Province . During the British invasions of the Río de la Plata , he was captured by the British Navy in the Battle for Montevideo of 1807 , and taken to England . After his release , he fought in the service of Spain during the Peninsular War against Napoleon . After his return to Buenos Aires , he participated in the May Revolution in 1810 , and was named Governor of Cuyo ( western Argentina ) by Supreme Director Gervasio Posadas , serving in that capacity from July to September 1812 ; he was succeeded by General José de San Martín . González de Balcarce served as War Minister to Supreme Director Ignacio Álvarez Thomas in 1815 , and led a campaign against the Liga Federal of eastern separatists , meeting defeat at the hand of Entre Ríos Province leader Francisco Ramírez . He later served as minister in a variety of subsequent governments , many which were staunch enemies of each other , including Governor Juan Gregorio de Las Heras , Presidents Bernardino Rivadavia and Vicente López y Planes , and Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas . He died of ill health in Buenos Aires in 1832 .
Signal Hill Battery The Signal Hill Battery was constructed in 1892 - 3 at Watsons Bay and is adjacent to the Signal Hill Lighthouse on Old South Head Road . History and description . The Battery was one of a set of three coastal defence fortifications in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia , the other two being the Ben Buckler Gun Battery at Bondi , and the Shark Point Battery , or Steel Point Battery in Vaucluse . Each battery consisted of a gun pit that incorporated a BL 9 . 2 inch ( 234 mm ) Mk VI breech - loading ' counter bombardment ' British Armstrong ' disappearing ' gun . The various Australian colonial governments bought nine such guns and an extra barrel before Federation . The Signal Hill gun bore Serial Number 7318 and its barrel survives on public display at the Royal Australian Artillery Museum at North Fort , North Head . These fortifications were the last link in Sydney ’ s outer defence perimeter , which was intended to defend Sydney from bombardment by an enemy vessel standing off the coast . The fortifications built in the 1890s around Sydney ' s eastern suburbs were the culmination of some twenty years of construction of harbour defence installations that reflected the changing policy of the time to meet new technologies , threats and styles of warfare . The 9 . 2 inch ( 234 mm ) breech loading gun was fired for the last time in 1933 . It was removed and replaced in 1937 by two 6 inch ( 152 mm ) Mk XI guns placed in each of two outer gun emplacements ; these guns were removed after WWII . The fortification also has an underground complex that runs beneath Old South Head Road . It contains a maze of rooms and corridors including a mess room , elevator shaft and gunpowder magazine s . The entrance from the street has been tack welded and sealed . A memorial was placed there in November 1992 by the Royal Australian Signal Corps Association on behalf of its members and two plaques were also placed on 30 March 1993 placing the reserve in proper historical perspective .
Ninth Air Force The Ninth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force ' s Air Combat Command ( ACC ) . It has been headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base , South Carolina , since activation on 5 August 2009 . Ninth Air Force was previously a numbered air force activated during the Second World War . For decades , Ninth Air Force supervised tactical fighter units on the U . S . East Coast . From 1983 , it became the air force component of United States Central Command . From 1990 , units were deployed to the Middle East against Iraq , and from 2001 against threats emanating from Afghanistan . In this role , the organization was known as United States Air Forces Central ( USAFCENT ) . Until August 2009 , Ninth Air Force shared its commander with USAFCENT . In a complicated transfer of lineage , the Second World War - and after heritage of Ninth Air Force was bestowed solely on United States Air Forces Central , and a new Ninth Air Force , which technically had no previous history , was activated on the U . S . East Coast . This article deals with the current organization , as the lineage of the previous organization currently belongs to USAFCENT . Major components . The command is responsible for the organizing , training , and equipping eight active duty wings and two direct reporting units . These eight wings are : Supervised non - flying direct reporting units include : The Ninth Air Force is also responsible for overseeing the operational readiness of 30 designated units of the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve . References .
224 ( Pembroke Yeomanry ) Squadron RLC 224 ( Pembroke Yeomanry ) Squadron - Welsh Transport Regiment RLC ( V ) is the only Territorial Army unit which recruits from Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire . The Sqn is operationally focussed and comprises an HQ element and three troops : The soldiers of the Pembroke Yeomanry come primarily from Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire . Operations . The Pembroke Yeomanry has a proud history of serving on campaigns and operations since the French Invasion of 1797 , and soldiers from the Pembroke Yeomanry are currently serving in Afghanistan with 13 Air Assault Support Regiment . Many of the current members have seen service in the Balkans , Iraq and Afghanistan . Training . As part of the Welsh Transport Regiment , 224 ( Pembroke Yeomanry ) Squadron ' s main role is to provide general transport support to the British Army and is equipped with Leyland - DAF heavy lift vehicles . Battle honours . FISHGUARD . This was awarded to the Pembroke Yeomanry ( Castlemartin ) in 1853 to reflect the Regiment ' s involvement in the last invasion of Britain by the French in 1797 .
Zachary Lansdowne Lieutenant Commander Zachary Lansdowne , USN ( December 1 , 1888 - September 3 , 1925 ) was a United States Navy officer and early Naval Aviator who contributed to the development of the Navy ' s first lighter - than - air craft . He earned the Navy Cross for his participation in the first transoceanic airship flight while assigned the to British " R - 34 " in 1919 . He later commanded the USS " Shenandoah " ( ZR - 1 ) , which was the first rigid airship to complete a flight across North America . He was killed in the crash of the " Shenandoah " . Biography . Born in Greenville , Ohio , Lansdowne was appointed to the United States Naval Academy September 2 , 1905 and commissioned Ensign June 5 , 1911 . He subsequently served on the destroyer , and in the Ohio Naval Militia . After completing his aviation training , he became Naval Aviator 105 . Lansdowne was assigned to duty with the Royal Naval Air Service during and after World War I , to study dirigibles . He was awarded the Navy Cross “ for distinguished service . . . as one of the crew of the British airship R - 34 , which in July 1919 , made the first successful nonstop passage from England to the United States . ” He married Margaret Kennedy Ross ( September 30 , 1902 – June 9 , 1982 ) on December 7 , 1921 in Washington D . C . She was later remarried John Caswell Jr . on February 27 , 1927 . Caswell died on December 23 , 1954 in Washington D . C . On February 11 , 1924 Landsdowne took command of the rigid lighter - than - air ship , , and was killed when she crashed at Ava , Ohio , September 3 , 1925 . He was buried later that month in section four at Arlington National Cemetery . The crash of the " Shenandoah " was the trigger for United States Army Colonel Billy Mitchell to heavily criticize the leadership of both the Army and the Navy , leading directly to his court - martial for insubordination and the end of his military career . Lansdowne ' s house in Greenville still stands ; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Namesake . The , a " Gleaves " - class destroyer , and Lansdowne Airport in Youngstown , Ohio were named in his honor .
9th Bavarian Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 9th Bavarian Reserve Division ( " 9 . Bayerische Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on September 26 , 1916 and entered the line in October . It was part of a large wave of new divisions ( approximately 40 ) formed in the summer and autumn of 1916 and was recruited in the Kingdom of Bavaria . It was disbanded in June 1918 and its assets distributed to other units . Order of battle on formation . The 9th Bavarian Reserve Division was formed as a triangular division . The order of battle of the division on October 25 , 1916 was as follows : Combat chronicle . The 9th Bavarian Reserve Division fought on the Western Front , seeing its first action on the Aisne , where it remained until December 1916 when it went into reserve until late January . It then returned to the trenchlines along the Aisne , and fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also called the Third Battle of Champagne . The division then went to the trenchlines in Lorraine . It went to Flanders in August and saw action in the Battle of Passchendaele , also known as the Third Battle of Ypres . It then returned to the southern part of the front and went into the St . Mihiel salient . The division returned to Flanders in November 1917 and saw action in the Allied tank attack in the Battle of Cambrai , as well as the subsequent German counterattack . In 1918 , the division fought in the German Spring Offensive , seeing action in the First Battle of the Somme ( 1918 ) , also known as the Second Battle of the Somme ( to distinguish it from the 1916 battle ) . The 9th Bavarian Reserve Division ' s last major action was in the German attack in the Montdidier - Noyon sector in June 1918 . The division was dissolved soon thereafter . Allied intelligence rated the division as second class . Order of battle on March 21 , 1918 . Over the course of the war , various structural changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and the expansion of combat engineer support to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on March 21 , 1918 was as follows :
HMCS Laurentian HMCS Laurentian was a commissioned patrol boat of the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) that served in the First World War and postwar until 1919 . Launched as the " King Edward " in 1902 , she was acquired by Canada Steamship Lines and renamed " Laurentian " in 1911 . Between 1911 and 1913 , she was chartered to the Customs Preventive Service . In 1917 , " Laurentian " was sold to the RCN and served as a patrol vessel until early 1919 . After being transferred to the Department of Marine and Fisheries , " Laurentian " was used as a buoy tender and lighthouse supply vessel until 1946 , when she was retired , and was scrapped the following year .
17th Indian Infantry Brigade The 17th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in November 1940 , at the Delhi Cantonment in India and assigned to the 8th Indian Infantry Division . They were sent to participate in the Anglo - Iraqi War and the Syria - Lebanon Campaign and came under command of the 10th Indian Infantry Division between July and August 1941 . Returning to the 8th Division in September 1941 , at the end of the Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran , they were sent to Egypt . They then spent 1942 , as a garrison force in Syria . It then took part in the Italian Campaign from September 1943 to August 1945 . It was briefly coming under command of the British 78th Infantry Division between 3 and 7 November 1943 .
Peter Basch Peter Basch ( September 23 , 1921 – March 15 , 2004 ) was an American magazine and glamour photographer . He was born in Berlin , lived and died in New York City . The main body of his work was produced in the fifties and sixties . Early life . Peter Basch was born in Berlin , Germany , the only child of Felix Basch and Grete Basch - Freund , both prominent theater and film personalities of the German - speaking world . In 1933 the family came to New York due to fears of rising anti - Jewish sentiment and laws in Germany . The family had US citizenship because Felix ' s father , Arthur Basch , was a wine trader who lived in San Francisco . After moving back to Germany , Arthur Basch kept his American citizenship , and passed it to his children and , thence , to his grandchildren . United States . When the Basch family arrived in New York in 1933 , they opened a restaurant on Central Park South in the Navarro Hotel . The restaurant , Gretel ' s Viennese , became a hangout for the Austrian expatriate community . Peter Basch had his first job there as a waiter . While in New York , Basch attended the De Witt Clinton High School . The family moved to Los Angeles to assist in Basch ' s father ' s career , during which time Basch went to school in England . Upon returning to the United States , Basch joined the Army . He was mobilized in the US Army Air Forces ' First Motion Picture Unit , where he worked as a script boy . Career . After the war , he started attending UCLA , but his mother asked him to join her back in New York . His parents had decided that Basch should be a photographer , and they obtained a photography studio for their son . For over twenty years , Peter Basch ' s had a successful career as a magazine photographer . He was known for his images of celebrities , artists , dancers , actors , starlets , and glamour - girls in America and Europe . His photos appeared in many major magazines such as " Life " , " Look " and " Playboy " . Publications . Basch authored and co - authored a number of books containing his photographs . Personal life . In 1950 Peter met Jacqueline Clara Marie - Marguerite Bertrand , a model / actress from Quebec . They were married in 1951 . The couple had a daughter , Michele , in 1952 , and a son , Peter Michael , 1956 .
Fort de l ' Est Fort de l ' Est is a military strong point designed to protect Paris . It was built between 1841 and 1843 in Saint - Denis at the direction of French prime minister Adolphe Thiers , and was part of an immense defensive belt comprising 17 detached forts and the Thiers Wall surrounding Paris . The evolution of artillery quickly made these fortifications obsolete . The fort is still used by the French Army . Units associated with the fort include a number of reserve units and the headquarters of the National Association of Reserve Warrant Officers . French Foreign Legion units associated with Operation Vigipirate are also stationed at Fort de l ' Est . The northeast bastion of the formerly four - sided fort was removed to make way for the A1 autoroute , from which the fort is visible , and faces the Lycée Suger secondary school , built in 1994 . The military files concerning military insubordinations of World War I in the French Army are preserved there , as wall as some unclassified files from the library of the former garrison . The glacis of the fort is partly occupied by community gardens . Significant events . In 2009 a village of temporary houses was placed on the site to accommodate about twenty Romani families moved from the " André - Campra " shantytown in La Plaine . Between 2002 and 2004 the Salvation Army operated a 150 - bed winter shelter within the fort , assisting 18 , 000 persons in 2002 . During the Algerian War in 1962 , a military tribunal held hearings at the Fort d l ' Est in which Jean Bastien - Thiry was judged guilty of attempting to assassinate President Charles de Gaulle and condemned to death . He was executed at the Fort d ' Ivry . Almost one hundred officers were held at Fort de l ' Est . In 1958 the inter - army office for standardization of materials ( BICM ) was installed at Fort de l ' Est after France ' s ratification in 1956 of NATO standardization policies . On August 25 , 1944 , German army occupation forces evacuated the fort . In 1872 the fort ' s chaplain , Jules Bonhomme , published a popular memoir featuring the fort . In 1870 the French forces at the Fort de l ' Est fired on Stains , which was occupied by the Prussia ns , damaging a church and demolishing the chateau . Prussians eventually occupied the fort .
53rd Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 53rd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army . It served as a part of the 7th Infantry Division for most of its history . History . World War I . The 53rd Infantry Regiment , together with the 54th Infantry Regiment , served from November 1917 with the 12th Infantry Brigade , 6th Infantry Division . World War II . On July 1 , 1940 , the division was reactivated at Camp Ord , California , under the command of Major General Joseph W . Stilwell . The 12th and 13th Brigades did not reactivate as part of an army - wide elimination of brigade commands within its divisions . The division was instead centered around three infantry regiments ; the 17th Infantry Regiment , the 32nd Infantry Regiment , and the 53rd Infantry Regiment . Most of the soldiers in the division were selective service soldiers , chosen as a part of the US Army ' s first peacetime military draft . The 7th Infantry Division was assigned to III Corps of the Fourth United States Army , and that year it was sent to Oregon for tactical maneuvers . Division units also practiced boat loading at the Monterey Wharf and amphibious assault techniques at the Salinas River in California . With the Japan ese attack of Pearl Harbor , the division was sent to Camp San Luis Obispo to continue its training . The 53rd Infantry Regiment was removed from the 7th Division and replaced with the 159th Infantry Regiment , newly deployed from the California Army National Guard . The 53rd followed the 7th Division to Alaska and garrisoned Adak island .
Paul Hamilton ( politician ) Paul Hamilton ( October 16 , 1762 – June 30 , 1816 ) was the 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy , from 1809 to 1813 . Paul Hamilton was born in Saint Paul ' s Parish , South Carolina , on October 16 , 1762 . He left school at the age of sixteen due to financial problems . During the American War of Independence he served actively in military roles in the southern states , fighting under General Francis Marion . He participated with Colonel William Harden in the capture of Fort Balfour . Following the war , he was a planter and public figure . Hamilton served South Carolina in many public offices including state Representative ( 1787 ) , State Senator ( 1794 ) , Comptroller ( 1800 ) , and the 42nd Governor ( 1804 ) . In 1809 , President James Madison selected Hamilton to become the third Secretary of the Navy . His term in office included the first months of the War of 1812 , during which time the small United States Navy achieved several remarkable victories over British warships . Hamilton was a proponent of military preparedness , especially sea fortifications . Although he wanted to strengthen the Navy , he found the Congress hostile and the President indifferent to his ideas . However , he was responsible for the Naval Hospitals Act of 1811 . Secretary Hamilton resigned at the end of 1812 and returned to South Carolina , where he died in Beaufort on June 30 , 1816 . Three Navy destroyer s have been named USS " Paul Hamilton " in his honor along with the USS Hamilton and one Liberty ship named SS " Paul Hamilton " .
Assault pioneer An Assault Pioneer is an infantry soldier who is responsible for : Assault Pioneers are lineal descendents of the Pioneers who have formed an essential part of armies since at least the time of the Roman legions . These pioneers were normally employed to march in front of the advancing army , clearing the route as necessary . They could also construct defenses and bivouac facilities . More recently ( since the Second World War ) assault pioneers have normally formed a Platoon in infantry battalions , and such platoons can be found in a number of British Army and Commonwealth infantry units . In some of these armies , soldiers serving in the Assault Pioneer Platoon can be identified by a specialist skill badge of two crossed felling axes sewn on their uniforms . These felling axes have traditionally been iconic of the pioneer in various armies throughout history . The wearing of beards by Assault Pioneers has also been a traditional practice at various times in infantry battalions of both the British and the Canadian armies . This tradition began in the French Army ( possibly in Napoleonic times ) and was one of the dress practices adopted by the British after their defeat of Napoleon in 1815 ( along with the Foot Guards bearskin headress ) . In the Canadian army , on special occasions some battalions may still parade a ceremonial detachment of assault pioneers in historical uniforms wearing leather aprons , gauntlets and gaiters , and carrying the various tools of their trade such as felling axes , crosscut saws , hatchets and billhooks , picks and shovels . Assault Pioneers do not replace Combat Engineers : the latter have a much greater range of skills , capabilities and resources . Instead , Assault Pioneers are intended to provide the infantry battalion with its own integral ( " organic " ) light engineering support in the same sense as the Mortar Platoon provides the same battalion with its own ' organic ' indirect fire support . This organic support permits the infantry battalion to conduct operations effectively without relying on the external support of Combat Engineers who are normally subject to a demanding list of priority tasks across the battlefield . On operations Assault Pioneers often work separately in small detachments providing specialist skills , tools and advice to the infantry companies and platoons with those sub - units providing the bulk of the labour . The term ' Assault Pioneer ' reflects the tradition ( arising in the First and Second World Wars ) of employing these soldiers in the first wave of assaults on fortified enemy positions , using their skills and equipment to support the attacking force in crossing and breaching the enemy ' s defenses . While Assault Pioneers normally function in a specialist role , they are infantry soldiers first and are fully capable of engaging in combat as needed . = = See also = =
11th Air Division The 11th Air Division provided for the air defense of northern Alaska and supervised base operations at major and minor installations in that area . It furnished detachments at Ice Station Alpha , Drift Station Charlie ( November 1957 – August 1960 ) , and Drift Station Bravo ( T - 3 ) ( July 1959 – August 1960 ) , in the Arctic Ocean . History . Lineage and honors . The 11th was established as Defense division on 24 October 1950 , organized on 1 November 1950 , and activated on 27 April 1951 . It was inactivated on 20 July 1951 , followed by a re - activation on 8 April 1953 . The 17th was finally discontinued , and inactivated on 25 August 1960 . Emblem . A shield variegated azure ( shades of blue ) within a border argent , charged with eleven stars of blue , over all in bend a rocket or , tipped red , white and blue . ( Approved 30 April 1956 )
USS Pearl ( SP - 1219 ) USS " Pearl " ( SP - 1219 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Pearl " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1912 by W . H . Saunders . On 23 August 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Pearl " ( SP - 1219 ) and assigned to " special duty . " " Pearl " was returned to her owner on 23 December 1918 .