naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Redshank ( soldier ) Redshank was a nickname for Scottish mercenaries from the Highlands ' Western Isles . They were a prominent feature of Irish armies throughout the 16th century . They were called Redshanks because they went dressed in kilts and waded bare - legged through rivers in the coldest weather . They were usually armed alike , principally with bows and two - handed claymore s . They came from the clans of the Hebrides because of the recent breakup of the Lordship of the Isles , as well as from the poorer clans of mainland Scotland . The Redshanks mostly came from the clans of MacLeod , MacQuarrie , MacLean , MacDonald , and Campbell . Unlike the Gallowglass , which were hired for long periods of service and paid in land and beef , the Redshanks were hired for the summer months . They were billet ed ( housed ) with civilians , usually by force . This was known as the Buannacht system .
Wieger StG - 940 The Wieger StG - 940 was an East German series of AK derivative assault rifles intended for sales after the - then reunified German forces . The StG - 940 was chambered in the 5 . 56x45mm NATO and as the StG - 942 in 5 . 45x39mm M74 round . The weapon was not officially adopted but tested by the Bundeswehr . It was developed during the last years of East Germany , for export but also for their special forces ( the STG - 943 was known to be in use with the STASI ) .
Franchi SPAS - 12 The Franchi SPAS - 12 is an Italian shotgun created by Franchi Firearms in the late 70s . Description . The SPAS - 12 was designed in the late 1970s by the Italian company Luigi Franchi Spa as a special purpose , military and police close combat weapon ( actually , SPAS stands for Sporting Purpose Automatic Shotgun , or Special Purpose Automatic Shotgun , depending on the source ) . It featured a selective action for greater versatility , and can be used as a gas operated semi - automatic repeater or as a manually operated pump action repeater , depending on the mission and ammunition used . Since its introduction SPAS - 12 became a very popular police and special forces weapon , being versatile , reliable and with good firepower . On the other hand , it is heavier than most other similar shotguns and quite complicated , which results in relatively high prices . SPAS - 12 utilizes somewhat traditional for shotguns gas system with annular gas piston locating around the underbarrel magazine tube . It operates the bolt with vertically tilting locking lug that engages the barrel extension to lock . SPAS - 12 can be switched between gas operated self - loading mode and manually operated pump mode by pressing and holding a button at the bottom of the forearm and pulling the forearm slightly forward for AUTOMATIC mode or backward for PUMP ( or MANUAL ) mode . Earlier models of the SPAS - 12 had the lever type safety at the front of the triggerguard , but due to some deficiencies this was latter replaced by the push - button ( cross - bolt ) safety at the same place . SPAS - 12 could be fitted with stamped metallic buttstock that folds to the top of the receiver when not in use , and with a pistol grip made of plastic . Alternatively , solid plastic buttstocks with pistol grips are available . Barrel has cylinder bore with screw - on muzzle devices ( cokes of flash hiders ) . Sights usually are of rifle type , with post front and open notch rear sight .
USS Acme ( AMc - 61 ) USS Acme ( AMc - 61 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper in the United States Navy . " Acme " was laid down while still unnamed on 31 March 1941 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Company in Greenport , New York . AMc - 61 was named USS " Adamant " on 17 May 1941 ; renamed USS Acme on 23 May 1941 ; launched on 31 May 1941 ; sponsored by Mrs . John Q . Adams , the wife of the president of the contractor ; and commissioned on 11 September 1941 , Lt . Marcus L . Whitford in command . World War II East Coast operations . Following shakedown , " Acme " was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet . The ship proceeded to Yorktown , Virginia , where she engaged in minesweeping operations through mid - November . On 23 November , " Acme " arrived at New London , Connecticut , and began minesweeping and patrol duties in that area . " Acme " underwent a period of restricted availability at the Boston Navy Yard from 2 to 23 February 1942 . The minesweeper departed Boston to return to New London on 3 March . Decommissioning . On 8 March , " Acme " was decommissioned and placed in service at New London and operated in coastal waters of New England and New York through the end of the war in Europe . In June 1945 , the ship proceeded to Charleston , South Carolina , where she arrived on the 28th . She was placed out of service there on 13 December 1945 and laid up in the Wando River . Six days later , she was declared not essential to the defense of the United States and slated for disposal . The ship was struck from the Navy list on 3 January 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission on 3 March 1947 . She was simultaneously delivered at Charleston to her purchaser , Mr . Lloyd W . Lambert of Baltimore , Maryland .
Đồng Lộc Junction Đồng Lộc Junction ( Vietnamese : " ngã ba Đồng Lộc " ) was a strategic road T - junction at the beginning of the Ho Chi Minh trail which was extensively bombed by American forces during the Vietnam War . Although it is often referred to a " crossroads " in English sources , a crossroads is " ngã tư " ( 4 - junction ) , whereas a T - junction is " ngã ba " ( 3 - junction ) . Đồng Lộc Junction belongs to Đồng Lộc commune , Can Lộc District , Hà Tĩnh Province and is located on the Ho Chi Minh trail through the Annamite Range ( dãy núi Trường Sơn ) at the intersection of Highway 15A and Route 2 Hà Tĩnh Province . The crossroads is now mainly remembered for the memorial to ten young unmarried girls aged 17 – 22 who were youth volunteers helping with logistics at the T - junction . At noon on 24 July 1968 , on the 15th day of bombing , a bomb fell very close to the mouth of the tunnel where the 10 girls were hiding killing them all . The story of the ten girls was made into a film " Ngã ba Đồng Lộc " The Girls at Dong Loc Crossroads ( 1997 ) directed by Lưu Trọng Ninh starring Thúy Hường , Hương Dung , Ngọc Dung , Yến Vy , and Xuân Bắc . The location today is a shrine .
Ronald Ivelaw - Chapman Air Chief Marshal Sir Ronald Ivelaw - Chapman GCB , KBE , DFC , AFC , RAF ( 17 January 1899 – 28 April 1978 ) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force in the middle of the 20th century and the penultimate RAF commander - in - chief of the Indian Air Force . Early life and the First World War . Ronald Ivelaw - Chapman was born in British Guiana to a successful merchant . He came to England with his parents in 1903 and attended Cheltenham College . He joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1917 and served as a Bristol Fighter pilot on the western front with 10 Squadron in the last eleven months of the war . Between the Wars . In January 1929 Ivelaw - Chapman , then a flight - lieutenant in the RAF , participated in the Kabul Airlift , a successful evacuation of the British Legation in Kabul amidst a civil war and a bitter winter . On 27 January a Kabul - bound Vickers Victoria , piloted by Ivelaw - Chapman , was forced to make an emergency landing in the mountainous Surobi District . Rescued by an Afghan royalist officer , Ivelaw - Chapman was awarded the Air Force Cross for his handling of the incident . Second World War . At the outbreak of the Second World War Ivelaw - Chapman now a Wing Commander was part of the operations staff of RAF Bomber Command headquarters . In June 1940 he was promoted to Group Captain and was appointed station commander at RAF Linton - on - Ouse , a 4 Group bomber station near York . In 1941 he returned to a staff job at the Air Ministry involved in D - Day planning . In 1943 he was again appointed a station commander at RAF Elsham Wolds , a 1 Group bomber station . On the night of the 6 / 7 May 1943 Ivelaw - Chapman was flying as second pilot of a 576 Squadron Avro Lancaster on a mission to bomb an ammunition dump at Aubigne in France . His aircraft was shot down by a night fighter and Ivelaw - Chapman went on the run . Because of his experience and knowledge Churchill ordered the French resistance to do all they could to help him return to England , he was to be killed if he was in danger of being captured by the Germans . He was captured by the Gestapo on 8 June 1944 , the most senior Bomber Command officer to have been captured by the Germans . Churchill ' s fear was unfounded as the Germans did not realise his importance and he was treated as an ordinary prisoner of war . Post war . After the war he was promoted to Air Vice Marshal and took command of No . 38 Group at Marks Hall , Earls Colne , Essex . In 1950 he became an Air Chief Marshal and accepted the post of Commander - in - Chief of the newly formed Indian Air Force . On his return to the UK he became Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at Home Command in March 1952 , Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in November 1952 and Vice - Chief of the Air Staff in 1953 before he retired in 1957 . Family . In 1930 he married his fiancée Margaret .
George Baird Hodge George Baird Hodge ( April 8 , 1828 – August 1 , 1892 ) was an attorney , Confederate politician and general from the Commonwealth of Kentucky . Early life . Hodge was born in Fleming County , Kentucky to William and Sarah ( Baird ) Hodge . He received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis , Maryland and was graduated as a midshipman , December 16 , 1845 . Hodge was later promoted to acting lieutenant , but eventually resigned his commission January 28 , 1850 . Hodge married Keturah Moss Tibbatts , daughter of Colonel John Wooleston Tibbatts . They had seven children : S . Catherine Taylor ( c . 1853 - 1886 ) , Anna Taylor ( 1854 – 1923 ) , Jane " Nan " / " Nannie " ( 1855 – 1856 ) , Mary ( 1856 – 1869 ) , William Baird ( 1857 – 1873 ) , Georgena Baird ( 1859 – 1927 ) , and John T . ( 1864 – 1934 ) . Politics . Hodge unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives in 1852 . He was later admitted to the bar in Newport , Kentucky where he practiced law for several years . In 1859 , Hodge was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives as a Democrat . The following year he served as an elector for the Breckinridge ticket . Civil War . Hodge enlisted in the Confederate Army as a private in 1861 . Soon thereafter , he was chosen to represent Kentucky in the Provisional Confederate Congress from 1861 to 1862 . When Hodge was not present in Richmond , Virginia , he was promoted to captain and assistant adjutant general in Breckinridge ' s First Kentucky Brigade . Hodge received a promotion to major May 6 , 1862 for gallantry at the Battle of Shiloh and served as a cavalry brigade commander under Joseph Wheeler and Nathan Bedford Forrest . Wheeler commended Hodge for his service during the Middle Tennessee Raid . Forrest , however , relieved Hodge of his command , charging him with incompetence and cowardice . Hodge was acquitted of the charges and later reinstated to field command . He was promoted to colonel May 6 , 1863 and briefly served as inspector - general at Cumberland Gap . Hodge represented Kentucky in the House of Representatives of the First Confederate Congress from February 18 , 1862 to February 17 , 1864 . After his term expired , he was promoted to colonel and inspector - general and assigned command of the District of Southwest Mississippi and East Louisiana , a post he held until the end of the war . Hodge was promoted acting brigadier general November 20 , 1863 , but the promotion was not endorsed by the Confederate Senate . The promotion was resubmitted August 2 , 1864 and , again , went unconfirmed . In 1865 , his commission as brigadier general was approved . Later life . After the Civil War , Hodge returned to his law practice in Newport . He remained active in politics and served as an elector for the Greeley ticket in 1872 . Hodge was elected to the Kentucky Senate and served 1873 to 1877 . He also became an orange grower and spent the last years of his life in Florida . He died August 1 , 1892 in Longwood , Florida and was interred in Seminole , Florida . His remains were moved to Evergreen Cemetery , Southgate , Kentucky in 1903 .
Camp Gannon Camp Gannon is a United States Marine Corps military base in Iraq . Situated near the border between Iraq and Syria , Camp Gannon is an abandoned warehouse complex in Husaybah , an area traditionally used by smugglers between the two countries . In April 2005 , the camp repelled an organized attack of Iraqi insurgents ( estimated numbers between 40 and 100 ) driving several vehicles full of gunmen , utilizing three explosive devices and the use of a fire truck as an attack vehicle . The camp was named in honor of Major Richard J . Gannon , commanding officer of Lima Company , 3rd Battalion , 7th Marines . Major Gannon was awarded the Silver Star after being killed in action on April 17 , 2004 , attempting to save three members of his company .
HMS Jersey ( F72 ) HMS " Jersey " ( F72 ) was a J - class destroyer of the Royal Navy laid down by J . Samuel White and Company at Cowes on the Isle of Wight on 20 September 1937 , launched on 26 September 1938 and commissioned on 28 April 1939 . On 7 December 1939 " Jersey " was torpedoed off Haisborough Sands by the German destroyer " Erich Giese " , which was returning unseen from laying a minefield . Ten ship ' s company were killed and extensive damage caused . " Jersey " was towed to the Humber for repairs and did not return to her flotilla until 28 October 1940 . " Jersey " struck an aircraft - dropped mine off Malta ' s Grand Harbour on 2 May 1941 and sank next to the Grand Harbour breakwater . Thirty - five crew members were killed . References .
James Blount Sir James Blount ( died 1493 ) ( sometimes spelt " Blunt " ) was commander of the English fortress of Hammes , near Calais . When in 1484 the Earl of Oxford was imprisoned there , Blount was apparently persuaded to switch to the Lancastrian side . Blount and Oxford fled to join Henry Tudor ( the future Henry VII of England ) , leaving his wife in charge . She and the garrison held out for months against Richard III ' s forces , until in early 1485 they surrendered in return for safe passage into France . Blount was the son of Walter Blount , 1st Baron Mountjoy , and uncle of William Blount , 4th Baron Mountjoy . Blount appears as a minor character in Shakespeare ' s Richard III .
Persian - Uzbek Wars The Persian - Uzbek wars were a series of conflicts between the Shaybanids and the Safavid dynasty of Persia fought between 1502 and 1510 . The Safavid dynasty prevailed . Wars . In 1502 , shortly after Shaybani defeated an invasion by the Ferghanan ruler Babur , Persian emperor Ismail I conquered the rest of Iran . Shaybani and his horsemen began to raid the Timurid Empire , which was a great superpower founded by the ruthless Timur in the late 14th century . Badi al Zaman appealed to the shah of Persia for help , and Ismail went to war with the Shaybanids . Shaybani captured the Timurid southern capital at Herat in 1507 , and then Shaybani went to war with the Kazakh Khanate in the north . Meanwhile , Badi sought asylum in the Persian Empire . Ismail and the Timurid army combined their forces and prepared to face the Uzbeks army . At the Battle of Marv , the allied army beat off the Shaybanids , and Shaybani was killed trying to flee . This marked the end of the Shaybanid empire and the wars between the Persian empire and Shaybani . Aftermath . The Timurid dynasty was conquered by Babur from 1510 to 1525 , and Babur seized power as the ruler . In 1526 , Babur invaded India and expanded the Timurids , which in India became known as the Mughal Empire .
War termination War termination is the study of how wars end , including theories of how wars can and should be ended . In comparison to other aspects of war , war termination has received relatively less study . According to Fred Charles Iklé , " [ H ] istorians , foreign affairs experts , and military strategists have devoted far more thought to the question of how and why wars begin . " This idea is echoed by Gideon Rose , who writes : For all endgames ' drama and historical importance , however , they have received far less attention than other phases of war . A few books look at the ends of individual wars , and there is a small academic literature on what political scientists call war termination . But in general , endgames have been as neglected by scholars as they have been by policymakers . In studying the factors which constrain and shape the actions of decision - makers and strategists in ending wars , there are three major schools of thought : Other theories , such as neoclassical realism , combine these factors to one extent or another .
Saintonge Regiment The Saintonge Regiment , also known as the 85e Regiment of the Line , was raised in the year 1684 in the province of Saintonge , France . From 1763 to 1768 the regiment served in the West indies and French Guiana . In 1780 the regiment was sent with Jean - Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur , comte de Rochambeau to help the United States during the American Revolutionary War . The regiment took part in the Siege of Yorktown in 1781 . In 1782 the regiment returned to the West Indies and then back to France in 1783 . Following the French Revolution the regiment became the 82e Regiment of Infantry .
USS SC - 26 USS " SC - 26 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 26 or USS " S . C . 26 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 26 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 19 October 1917 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 26 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 26 " . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 26 " was classified as SC - 26 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 26 " . On 20 July 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 26 " to the Henry A . Hitner & Sons Company of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .
Type 10 120 mm AA Gun The Type 10 was a Japan ese 120 mm calibre dual - purpose anti - aircraft and coastal defense gun used during the Second World War . The Type 10 number was designated for the year the gun was accepted , the 10th year of Emperor Taishō ' s reign , 1927 in the Gregorian calendar . Description . The weapon was originally designed for ship use and was produced in large numbers during 1944 . The gun was adapted for land use as a dual - purpose gun . The gun fired either high explosive or incendiary shrapnel shells that weighed 20 . 6 kilograms , with a complete round weighing 32 . 4 kilograms .
Hans Jüttner Hans Jüttner ( 2 March 1894 – 24 May 1965 ) was head of the SS ' s Main Leadership Office and also an SS - " Obergruppenführer " . Early life and career . Jüttner was born in Schmiegel ( Śmigiel ) in the Province of Posen . After finishing " Gymnasium " , Jüttner joined the army as a volunteer and took part in World War I . By 1915 he had been promoted to lieutenant , and he was discharged from the army in 1920 with the rank of first lieutenant . To keep his head above water financially , he worked as a sales man , from 1928 as a freelancer . Career in the Nazi party . In 1933 Jüttner became a university sport teacher in Breslau ( Wrocław ) . At this time he also joined the SA and was installed in the SA Collegiate Office . In 1934 , Jüttner became the leader of the SA training body in Munich . In May 1935 , he switched to the SS combat support force ( " SS - Verfügungstruppe " or SS - VT ) , which later became the " Waffen - SS " . Jüttner was promoted on 1 September 1936 to SS - " Sturmbannführer " and appointed to the SS - VT inspection department in Berlin . By 1939 , he had become the Inspector of Reserve Troops of the SS - VT - Division . From early 1940 , Jüttner lead the SS - VT command office . Chief of Staff for the Waffen - SS . In the summer of the same year , Jüttner was promoted to chief of staff of the newly created SS Leadership Main Office ( " SS - Führungshauptamt " ) , which was responsible for the " Waffen - SS " ' s organizational and administrative leadership . This was separate from the administration of Nazi concentration camps , the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office ( " SS - Wirtschafts - Verwaltungshauptamt " ) , and from the SS Reich Main Security Office ( " SS - Reichssicherheitshauptamt " ) which administered the Gestapo , Kripo and SD . Shortly after taking office , Jüttner was instrumental in wresting control of the militarized Death ' s - Head regiments ( " Totenkopfstandarten " ) from Concentration Camps Inspectorate chief Theodor Eicke and amalgamating them into the " Waffen - SS " . In June 1942 , after having been promoted to SS - " Obergruppenführer " , Jüttner was also given the military rank of " General der Waffen - SS " . High command within SS . On 30 January 1943 , Jüttner reached the high point of his career when he became Leader of the SS Main Leadership Office . Heinrich Himmler appointed Jüttner Chief of " Army Armament and Commander of the Reserve Army " . Hereafter , Jüttner was Himmler ' s deputy in this area of command . Jüttner was one of those responsible for building the many prisoner of war camp s in which Soviet prisoners of war were held . Post war years . On May 17 , 1945 Jüttner was taken prisoner by British forces . In 1948 he was condemned to 10 years service in a labour camp . In appeal proceedings 1949 the punishment was lowered to 4 years . In 1961 Jüttner testified for the prosecution in the trial of Holocaust architect Adolf Eichmann . Later Jüttner was the proprietor of a sanatorium in Bad Tölz , where he died .
Type 90 240 mm railway gun The was a large caliber railroad gun acquired by the Imperial Japanese Army from the French arms manufacturer Schneider in 1930 . The Type 90 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the year 2590 of the Japanese calendar ( 1930 ) . It was the only railroad gun in Japanese service . History and development . The Imperial Japanese army had made extensive use of armoured train s since the Russo - Japanese War , and Japanese military advisors in Europe during World War I had noted the development of railway guns , whereby extremely large caliber weapons , such as previously found only on battleship s , could be made mobile and could be rapidly deployed to front - line combat areas . However , despite this interest , other projects had higher priority , and nothing was done until funding was found to purchase a single sample unit from Schneider in France in 1930 . Only the cannon itself was purchased from Schneider , and the railway carriage and auxiliary equipment was all produced locally in Japan . The completed assembly was designated as the Type 90 240mm railway gun . The gun itself was not , strictly , a Schneider gun . It was designed by FAMH ( Saint - Chamond ) as part of the French TLP ( très longue portée ) ( very long range ) projects . Approval for the Saint - Chamond long range gun was granted in November 1918 and the gun was tested in 1926 . The maximum range achieved was 59 , 000m with a 240mm L / 51 barrel . The Saint - Chamond gun was unusual for a large calibre railway gun because it was designed with 360° traverse on a carriage which had a auxiliary engine which gave limited autonomy to the railway gun . The firm of Schneider et Cie had taken over FAMH in 1924 and since Schneider had its own TLP projects the Saint - Chamond design became superfluous . Combat record . The Type 90 240mm Railway Gun was initially deployed as a coastal artillery battery at Futtsu , Chiba , as part of the defenses guarding the entrance to Tokyo Bay . It was redeployed to Manchukuo in 1941 , and based in the Hulin area of Heilongjiang , as part of the defenses against the Soviet Union , where it remained for the duration of World War II . When the Soviet Union invaded Manchukuo in the closing days of the war , the gun was destroyed by retreating Kwantung Army forces and abandoned .