naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cantabrian circle The Cantabrian circle ( Latin : " circulus cantabricus " ) was a military tactic employed by ancient and to a lesser extent medieval horse archers . As Flavius Arrianus and Hadrian relate , this was the most habitual form to appear in combat of the Cantabri tribes , and Rome adopted it after the Cantabrian Wars . A group of horse archers or mounted javelin throwers would form a single - file rotating circle . As the archers came around to face the enemy formation they would let their missile fly . The effect was a continual stream of arrows or javelins onto an enemy formation . The tactic was usually employed against infantry and bowmen . The constant movement of the horsemen gave them an advantage against the less mobile infantry and made them harder to target by the enemy ' s missile troops . The maneuver was designed to harass and taunt the enemy forces , disrupt close formations and often draw part , or all , of the enemy forces into a disorganized or premature charge . This was commonly used against enemy infantry , especially heavily armed and armored slow moving forces such as the legions of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire . The advantages of the Cantabrian circle is that the mounted archers do not have to make a perfect circle , allowing them to keep their distance from the enemy . The slower moving infantry have little to no hope of catching the mounted archers , putting them at a distinct disadvantage . The Cantabrian circle is similar to other cavalry maneuvers such as the caracole and the Parthian shot .
Luftburna bataljonen Luftburna bataljonen - LBB ( Swedish for " The Air Assault Battalion " ) is a Swedish military elite light infantry unit mainly trained for air assault operations ( similar to the US 101st airborne division ) . The unit is made up of conscripts who have all volunteered for the demanding service and every member of the unit goes through an 11 or 15 months long training program before earning the Ranger tab and become an Air Assault Ranger . Operations and training . The Air Assault battalion is a rapid reaction force and is to be supported by transport - and combat helicopters . Advance to contact on the ground is carried out with the units own light all terrain vehicles or on foot . The unit is built on man - portable systems and operates in a , for the purpose , composed task force . It is the most mobile unit in the Swedish Army and have a good ability to use precision guided weapons . After completed basic training , the units become a part of Swedish Armed Forces , ready to defend Swedish territory . The conscripts can after completed basic training apply to be a part of Sweden ' s Rapid Deployment Forces , volunteer for international peace supporting missions or return to civilian life . They can also be a part of Swedish National Standby Forces ( the Home Guard ) . Organization . LBB is organized under Livregementets husarer at K3 Karlsborg .
Jasper Packard Jasper Packard ( February 1 , 1832 - December 13 , 1899 ) was a U . S . Representative from Indiana . Biography . Born in Austintown , Ohio , Packard moved with his parents to Indiana in 1835 . He attended the public schools and was graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1855 . He taught school . He settled in La Porte , Indiana . He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1861 . During the Civil War enlisted in the Union Army as a private in the Forty - eighth Regiment , Indiana Volunteer Infantry , October 24 , 1861 . He was promoted to first lieutenant January 1 , 1862 . He served as captain September 12 , 1862 . He served as lieutenant colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty - eighth Regiment , Indiana Volunteer Infantry , March 17 , 1864 . He served as colonel June 26 , 1865 . Brevetted brigadier general March 13 , 1865 , " for meritorious services " . Mustered out April 10 , 1866 . Auditor of La Porte County from November 15 , 1866 , to March 1 , 1869 , when he resigned . Packard was elected as a Republican to the Forty - first , Forty - second , and Forty - third Congresses ( March 4 , 1869 – March 3 , 1875 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State ( Forty - third Congress ) , Committee on Private Land Claims ( Forty - third Congress ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1874 . He engaged in newspaper pursuits . He was appointed July 1 , 1899 , commandant of the State soldiers ' home at Lafayette , Indiana , died there December 13 , 1899 and was interred in the Soldiers ' Home Cemetery .
Jaguar warrior Jaguar warriors or jaguar knights , " ocēlōtl " ( singular ) or " ocēlōmeh " ( plural ) were members of the Aztec military . They were a type of Aztec warrior called a " cuāuhocēlōtl " . The word " cuāuhocēlōtl " derives from the eagle warrior " cuāuhtli " and the Jaguar Warrior " ocēlōtl " . They were an elite military unit similar to the eagle warrior s . The jaguar motif was used due to the belief that the jaguar represented Tezcatlipoca , god of the night sky . Aztecs also wore these dresses at war because they believed the animal ' s strengths would be given to them during battles . Jaguar warriors were used at the battlefront in military campaigns . They were also used to capture prisoners for sacrifice to the Aztec gods . Many statue s and images ( in pre - Columbian and post - Columbian codices ) of these warriors have survived . They fought with a wooden sword studded with obsidian volcanic glass blades , called a macuahuitl . They also used spears and atlatl s . They believed their feathered shield had magic powers . To become a jaguar warrior , a member of the Aztec army had to capture twelve enemies during two consecutive battles . This was said to honor their gods in a way far greater than killing enemy soldiers in the battlefield . For a warrior to kill an enemy was considered clumsy .
Bullen Point Short Range Radar Site Bullen Point Short Range Radar Site ( LRR Site : A - 20 ) was a United States Air Force radar site and military airstrip located east - southeast of Point Barrow , Alaska . It is not open for public use . History . The site was built in 1957 to support the Distant Early Warning Line radar station at Point Lay ( LIZ - 2 ) . The station was logistically supported by the Point Barrow Main DEW Line Station ( POW - MAIN ) . It was operated by civilian contract workers . DEW Line operations ceased in April 1995 , and the personnel were relieved from their duties . The radar station was upgraded with new radars and in 1994 was re - designated part of the North Warning System ( NWS ) as a Short Range Radar Site , A - 20 , equipped with a minimally attended AN / FPS - 124 surveillance radar . In 1998 , Pacific Air Forces initiated " Operation Clean Sweep " , in which abandoned Cold War stations in Alaska were remediated and the land restored to its previous state . The site remediation of the radar and support station was carried out by the 611th Civil Engineering Squadron at Elmendorf AFB , and remediation work was completed by 2005 . The site was closed in 2007 due to soil erosion and budget concerns . The support airport ' s status is presently undetermined .
Avions Amiot Avions Amiot was a former French aircraft manufacturer . The company was formed in 1916 by Félix Amiot as the Society of Mechanical Drawing and Construction ( SECM ) . Félix Amiot ' s first aircraft was built in a Paris garage in 1913 , but it was not until 1916 , during the First World War , that he became seriously involved in construction . The Minister of Defence granted a contract to SECM ( , owned by the Wertheimer brothers , Paul and Pierre , together with Félix Amiot . SECM and Amiot functioned at sub - contractors and assemblers only , and did not produce their own designs . After the war , SECM and Amiot constructed light aircraft . In 1929 the company made a large sum of money selling its interest in the Lorraine - Dietrich engine company to the government . In 1934 , controversially , the Lorraine company , then known as SGA , was sold to Amiot - SECM and Marcel Bloch for a fraction of the price the government had paid five years earlier . As well as SGA , and the original SECM - Amiot works at Le Bourget , Amiot controlled the CAN ( ) at Cherbourg . In the early phases of rearmament , Amiot scored a considerable success with the Amiot 143 , widely considered one of the ugliest aircraft , along with its contemporary the Potez 542 , to have flown . As the pace of rearmament increased in the late 1930s , Amiot scored another success , this time with the elegant Amiot 354 bomber . With the fall of Paris in June 1940 , Amiot and 3000 of his workers headed south , to the unoccupied zone , where he established a new factory at Marseilles . During the war , Amiot co - operated with the German occupiers to protect his interests , and those of the exiled Wertheimers , then working in the United States . Amiot became a subcontractor for the Junkers company , building 370 aircraft . Licence production of the Junkers Ju 52 trimotor continued after the war under the designation Amiot AAC . 1 Toucan . Over 400 examples were built for the French military and for airline use in France and its overseas territories .
W49 The W49 was an American thermonuclear warhead , used on the Thor , Atlas , Jupiter , and Titan I ballistic missile systems . W49 warheads were manufactured starting in 1958 and were in service until 1963 , with a few warheads being retained until 1975 . The W49 has been described as a design derivative of the B28 nuclear bomb nuclear warhead design . It was in diameter and long depending on model , weighing , and had a design yield of 1 . 44 megatons .
USS Ingersoll ( DD - 990 ) USS " Ingersoll " ( DD - 990 ) , a " Spruance " - class destroyer , was the second U . S . Navy ship to be named USS " Ingersoll " ; in this case , in honor of Admiral Royal E . Ingersoll ( 1883 – 1976 ) , who served as CINC , Atlantic Fleet during most of World War II . " Ingersoll " was laid down on 5 December 1977 by Ingalls Shipbuilding , Pascagoula , Miss . ; launched on 10 March 1979 ; and commissioned on 12 April 1980 , Commander E . R . Fickenscher III in command . " Ingersoll " was first homeported in San Diego , CA , then Long Beach , CA ( for overhaul ) and then Pearl Harbor . " Ingersoll " was one of the first US Navy ships to receive the Armored Box Launcher ( ABL ) version of the Tomahawk cruise missile system in 1985 . This early variant of the missile system held up to four missiles in each of two canisters located directly forward of the pilothouse on the fore deck . Unfortunately , this system proved to be very heavy and affected the ship ' s seakeeping . The much more capable Vertical Launch missile system ( VLS ) quickly made the ABL obsolete . Collision . On 20 June 1992 while transiting the Straights of Malacca , " Ingersoll " collided with the M / V Matsumi Maru No . 7 , a Pakistani oil tanker . Flooding was minimal and the ship was able to reach port in Singapore . After temporary repairs , " Ingersoll " returned to Pearl Harbor where it completed repairs and began overhaul . Fate . Though " Ingersoll " was one of the newest ships of the " Spruance " class , it was one of the earliest to be decommissioned . The cost to remove the ABL system and retrofit the VLS system likely contributed to the ship ' s early decommissioning . " Ingersoll " was decommissioned and stricken from the Navy list on 24 July 1998 . She was sunk as a target on 29 July 2003 .
Salvage for Victory The Salvage for Victory campaign was a program launched by the US Federal Government in 1942 to salvage materials for the American war effort in World War II . On January 10 , 1942 , the US Office of Production Management sent pledge cards to retail stores asking them to participate in the effort by saving things like waste paper , scrap metal , old rags , and rubber . Later that month , the Bureau of Industrial Conservation of the War Production Board asked all American mayors to salvage the same kinds of materials from municipal dumps and incinerators . In New York City , the Department of Sanitation began picking up materials collected for the drive outside of homes and apartment buildings at 11 : 00 am Sunday mornings .
Blackburn Blackburn The Blackburn R - 1 Blackburn was a 1920s British single - engine fleet spotter / reconnaissance aircraft built by Blackburn Aircraft . History . The Blackburn was developed to meet a naval requirement ( Specification 3 / 21 ) for a carrier - based reconnaissance aircraft and gun spotting aircraft . Blackburn designed a new fuselage and used the wing and tail surfaces from the Blackburn Dart . The pilot sat in an open cockpit above the engine , a navigator sat inside the fuselage and a gun position was located at the rear of the fuselage cabin . The aircraft ' s two - bay wings could fold for stowage aboard aircraft carriers , with the upper wing attached directly to the fuselage , which filled the interplane gap . Armament was a single forward firing Vickers machine gun mounted externally to the left of the pilot , with a Lewis gun on a Scarff ring for the gunner . Three prototypes were flown during 1922 , leading to an initial production contract for 12 aircraft . The production aircraft were designated Blackburn I and the first deliveries to the Fleet Air Arm at Gosport began in April 1923 . 18 more Blackburn Is were built in 1923 - 4 . Its first operational deployment was with No . 422 Fleet Spotter Flight , which deployed aboard in the Mediterranean in 1923 . A further order for 29 Blackburns was placed with the more powerful Napier Lion V engine and designated the Blackburn II . The upper wing was raised 22½ in ( 0 . 57 m ) to improve handling . A few Blackburns were used as dual - control trainers and all the Blackburn Is were converted to II standard before the type became obsolete in 1931 , when they were replaced by the Fairey IIIF .
Frank Tremar Sibly Menendez Lieutenant Frank Tremar Sibly Menendez ( 26 January 1896 – 27 February 1973 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . The notice of his death , which occurred in an Eastbourne nursing home on 27 February 1973 , stated he was a retired civil servant .
Humboldt Military District During the American Civil War , Army reorganization created the Department of the Pacific on January 15 , 1861 . On December 12 , 1861 , the District of Humboldt was created , consisting of the counties of Sonoma , Napa , Mendocino , Trinity , Humboldt , Klamath , and Del Norte in Northern California . The district was headquartered at Fort Humboldt , located on a bluff above the central portion of Humboldt Bay south of Eureka , California , which is now a California State Historic Park located within the City of Eureka . The District ' s efforts were directed at prosecuting the ongoing Bald Hills War against the Indians in the northern , coastal area of the large district . A peace was achieved in August 1864 . Commanders . On July 27 , 1865 , the Military Division of the Pacific was created , consisting of the Department of California and Department of the Columbia . Humboldt District was absorbed by the Department of California . External links . Category : History of Humboldt County , California
Tembandumba Tembandumba was a ruler of the Jaga s of what is now Angola . Her mother was Mussasa , whom she rebelled against and declared herself queen . According to a 1910 European source , she would take lovers , but would kill them after a brief dalliance . After taking power , she organized the Jaga for war by demanding that infants be killed by their mothers and their bodies pounded into ointment , which was mixed with herbs . In order to enforce this decree , she assembled the tribe and pounded her own infant son to death on a mortar and prepared the ointment . She then rubbed it on her body , declaring that it would make her invulnerable . The women of the tribe immediately imitated her actions with their own children . She eventually encountered resistance to this practice in the tribe , and had to resort to using only male infants captured in war for the ointment . She was eventually poisoned by one of her lovers . She was described as being repulsive and having only one eye , having lost the other in battle .
Segovax Segovax ( possibly from Celtic " sego " " victory " ) was one of the four kings of Kent during Caesar ' s second expedition to Britain in 54 BC , alongside Cingetorix , Carvilius and Taximagulus . The four were allies of the British leader Cassivellaunus , and attacked the Roman naval camp in an attempt to relieve him when he was besieged by Caesar in his stronghold north of the Thames . However the attack failed and Cassivellaunus was forced to seek terms .
Henry Clay Longnecker Henry Clay Longnecker ( April 17 , 1820 – September 16 , 1871 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Early life . Henry Clay Longnecker was born in Allen Township , Pennsylvania . He graduated from the Norwich Military Academy of Vermont and from Lafayette College in Easton , Pennsylvania . He studied law , was admitted to the bar and practiced in Easton . He served during the Mexican – American War as first lieutenant , captain , and adjutant in all principal engagements under General Winfield Scott . He was wounded at the Battle of Chapultepec on September 13 , 1847 . He returned to Pennsylvania , and served as district attorney of Lehigh County , Pennsylvania , from 1848 to 1850 . Longnecker was elected as a Republican to the Thirty - sixth Congress . During the American Civil War , Longnecker participated in organizing Pennsylvania troops and served in the Union Army as colonel of the Ninth Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteers . He resumed the practice of his profession in Allentown , Pennsylvania , in 1865 . He served as associate judge of Lehigh County in 1867 , and died in Allentown in 1871 . Interment in Fairview Cemetery .
161st Intelligence Squadron The 161st Intelligence Squadron ( 161 IS ) is a unit of the 184th Intelligence Wing of the Kansas Air National Guard stationed at McConnell Air Force Base , Wichita , Kansas . The 161st is a non - flying squadron operating the Distributed Common Ground System . History . On 1 July 1987 , the 161st Tactical Fighter Training Squadron ( TFTS ) was established . Formal activation ceremonies for the 161st occurred on 12 September 1987 . The unit was eauipped with 10 F - 16A / Bs and conducted its first student training class shortly after activation . The 161st TFTS began converting to the F - 16 C / D when the first C / D model arrived in July 1990 . The squadron was inactivated on 1 August 1994 when the F - 16s were withdrawn from McConnell and replaced by B - 1Bs . The squadron was reactivated in 2008 as the 161st Intelligence Squadron .
Marubashi Chūya He found work teaching the use of the halberd , and other aspects of martial arts and strategy . Marubashi met Yui Shōsetsu , later to be his partner in organizing the Keian Uprising , at the armorer shop run by the latter . At some point after 1645 , the two began to plot their rebellion , which would revolve around starting a fire in the capital of Edo and using this as a distraction to allow the rebels entry into the castle . They planned to strike shortly after the death of Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1651 , but Marubashi fell quite ill at that time , and revealed secrets of the plot in his delirium . Before any part of the plot was initiated , Marubashi was arrested in Edo . Yui killed himself shortly afterwards , while Marubashi and a number of the other rebels were crucified , their families beheaded . He is the titular figure in a 1870 kabuki play by Kawatake Mokuami also known as " Keian Taiheiki " .
Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal The Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal was issued to recognise the service of Australian support personnel during the Vietnam War . Qualification requirements . The qualifying criteria for the medal include : Groups meeting the criteria for this award also include certain defence personnel in support roles , entertainers , journalists , civilian surgical and medical teams , Qantas aircrew and embassy couriers . Personnel who have already earned the Vietnam Medal are ineligible for the Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal
Joseph C . Joyce Joseph C . Joyce , executive associate vice president for agriculture and natural resources at the University of Florida is a Jacksonville , Florida native . He earned his B . S . and M . S . degrees from the University of Alabama . He received his Ph . D . from the University of Florida in 1982 . Joyce served as a limnologist with the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers . He was chief of the Corps ' nationwide Aquatic Plant Control Operation Support Center and chief of the Natural Resources Management Section of the Corps of Engineers ' Jacksonville District . In 1983 , he joined the University of Florida ' s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences as director of the UF / IFAS Center for aquatic Plants , building on his background as a trained scientific manager . In 1988 , he was appointed director of the UF / IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants . In 1993 , Joyce was appointed interim dean for research and in 1994 was named associate vice president for agriculture and natural resources . He continued to serve as interim dean until 1995 . He served as associate vice president until February 1998 , when he was appointed interim vice president for agriculture and natural resources and served in this capacity until October 1998 . In this position , Joyce served as the interim administrative head of IFAS , which includes Florida Agricultural Experiment Station , the Florida Cooperative Extension Service , the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences , the School of forest Resources and Conservation , and portions of the College of Veterinary Medicine . In 1998 , Joyce was named executive associate vice president for agriculture and natural resources . In 2008 , he was appointed by Governor Charlie Crist to the Environmental Regulation Commission ( ERC ) . Joyce also joined the Board of Farm Credit of North Florida . Joyce has held major leadership positions in professional organizations and has served in numerous leadership and governance roles at the University of Florida . He is also a retired Brigadier General , U . S . Army Reserves .
Battle of Silistra The Battle of Silistra occurred in the spring of 968 near the Bulgarian town of Silistra , but most probably on the modern territory of Romania . It was fought between the armies of Bulgaria and Kievan Rus ' and resulted in a Rus ' victory . Upon the news of the defeat the Bulgarian emperor Peter I abdicated . The invasion of the Rus ' prince Sviatoslav was a heavy blow for the Bulgarian Empire , which by 971 lost its eastern provinces to the Byzantine Empire . Origins of the conflict . From the 940s the Magyars began repeatedly to launch pillage raids in the Bulgarian Empire . Emperor Peter I was unable to stop them and as the Byzantines were unwilling to send any help he finally allied with the Magyars and gave the save passage through Bulgaria to attack Byzantine Thrace . In 968 the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas paid the Kievan knyaz Sviatoslav Igorevich to attack Bulgaria in answer of the alliance between the Bulgarian emperor Peter I and the Magyars . The battle . Sviatoslav Igorevich gathered 60 , 000 troops and started his campaign in the early spring of 968 . He met the Bulgarians , who were only 30 , 000 strong , near Silistra . The battle continued the whole day and until dark the Bulgarians seemed to have overwhelmed the Kievans , but , elated by Sviatoslav ' s personal example , the latter were victorious due to their still larger army . The Bulgarians retreated to the Silistra fortress and withstood the following siege . Aftermath . The Rus ' forces continued their victorious campaign and though they failed to take Silistra , they seized 80 other fortresses . Sviatoslav Igorevich was eventually forced to return to Kiev after the Bulgarian diplomacy inspired the Pechenegs to besiege his capital . However , they returned on the next year and ravaged the eastern Bulgarian lands .