naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James E . Robinson , Jr . James E . Robinson , Jr . ( July 10 , 1918 – April 6 , 1945 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Robinson joined the Army from Waco , Texas in 1937 , and by April 6 , 1945 was serving as a first lieutenant in Battery A , 861st Field Artillery Battalion , 63rd Infantry Division . During a battle on that day , near Untergriesheim , Germany , he led his company in an attack against German lines . Although severely wounded , he refused medical attention and continued on until the objective had been taken . He died of his wounds later that day . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on December 11 , 1945 . Robinson , aged 26 at his death , was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery , San Antonio , Texas . Medal of Honor citation . First Lieutenant Robinson ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He was a field artillery forward observer attached to Company A , 253d Infantry , near Untergriesheim , Germany , on 6 April 1945 . Eight hours of desperate fighting over open terrain swept by German machinegun , mortar , and small - arms fire had decimated Company A , robbing it of its commanding officer and most of its key enlisted personnel when 1st Lt . Robinson rallied the 23 remaining uninjured riflemen and a few walking wounded , and , while carrying his heavy radio for communication with American batteries , led them through intense fire in a charge against the objective . Ten German infantrymen in foxholes threatened to stop the assault , but the gallant leader killed them all at point - blank range with rifle and pistol fire and then pressed on with his men to sweep the area of all resistance . Soon afterward he was ordered to seize the defended town of Kressbach . He went to each of the 19 exhausted survivors with cheering words , instilling in them courage and fortitude , before leading the little band forward once more . In the advance he was seriously wounded in the throat by a shell fragment , but , despite great pain and loss of blood , he refused medical attention and continued the attack , directing supporting artillery fire even though he was mortally wounded . Only after the town had been taken and he could no longer speak did he leave the command he had inspired in victory and walk nearly 2 miles to an aid station where he died from his wound . By his intrepid leadership 1st Lt . Robinson was directly responsible for Company A ' s accomplishing its mission against tremendous odds . Namesake . The USNS Lt . James E . Robinson ( T - AK - 274 ) was named in his honor .
Mazares Mazares ( ) was a Median general who defected to Cyrus the Great when the latter overthrew his grandfather , Astyages and formed the Persian Empire . Mazares in Herodotus ' Histories . Mazares is mentioned in Herodotus as a Median general in the service of Cyrus the Great who died while putting down a revolt in Asia Minor . After Cyrus ' conquest of Lydia in 539 BC , a Lydian official named Pactyas , whom Cyrus had honored by making him a treasury official in his own government , raised an army of Lydians and Ionian Greeks . He revolted against Tabalus , Cyrus ' Satrap at Sardis in Lydia , besieging the Persian forces in the royal enclosure and stealing from the famed Lydian Horde < nowiki > [ the riches of King < / nowiki > Crœsus < nowiki > ] < / nowiki > to finance his revolt . Cyrus , upon hearing of the revolt , was enraged and made plans to punish the Lydians by burning Sardis to the ground . King Crœsus , who had been made an advisor to Cyrus ' court after his defeat , entreated Cyrus to leave his former king seat unharmed . According to Herodotus , Crœsus ' recommendation was to disarm the population and enact trade laws that would turn the minds of the people to habits of luxury and pleasure . " " By doing this , " Crœsus advised , " the people will , in a short time , become so enervated and so effeminate that you will have nothing to fear from them . " " Cyrus , who was to become known for the mercy he showed to the peoples he conquered , agreed and sent his commander , Mazares to put down the insurrection according to Crœsus ' wishes , with instructions to return Pactyas alive for punishment . But Pactyas fled when Marzares ' forces approached the city and found refuge in Ionian Greece . Mazares gave chase , conquering the Ionian Greek city - states of Priene and Magnesia , capturing Pactyas after several attempts , sending him back to Cyrus for punishment . Mazares then continued the conquest of Asia Minor , but died of unknown causes while on campaign . Cyrus then sent his leading general , Harpagus , to take his place . Harpagus completed Mazares ' conquests of Asia Minor , Lycia , Cilicia and Phoenicia , using the hitherto unknown technique of building earthworks to breach the walls of besieged cities .
Hans von der Mosel Hans von der Mosel ( 3 May 1898 – 12 April 1969 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans von der Mosel was surrendered to American forces on 19 September 1944 after the fall of Brest . He was held until 1948 .
ACE Mobile Force ( Land ) The Allied Command Europe Mobile Force - Land ( ACE Mobile Force - Land or AMF ( L ) ) was a small NATO quick reaction force , headquartered at Heidelberg , Germany , active from 1960 to 2002 . It formed part of Allied Command Europe ( ACE ) , headquartered at SHAPE at Casteau , Belgium . The AMF - L was intended as a multinational force that could be quickly despatched to any part of ACE ' s command area - from North Norway , to Germany , to eastern Turkey - to demonstrate the solidarity of the alliance and its ability to resist all forms of aggression against any member state . During the Cold War the AMF - L did frequent exercises in North Norway ( Exercises Adventure Express , Arctic Express & Ardent Ground , among others ) and in other areas , but was first deployed operationally in 1991 during the Gulf War , when part of its air component was despatched to watch the Turkish borders , in the face of a potential threat to a member ' s territory . The land component of the force , consisting of a brigade - sized formation of about 5 , 000 personnel , was composed of units from 14 NATO states . The AMF ( L ) was one of the NATO formations deployed to Norway during Exercise Strong Resolve 1998 . The AMF ( L ) formed the core of the Albania Force ( AFOR ) , a NATO - led international force responsible for establishing and delivering humanitarian aid to refugees from Kosovo in Albania during the Kosovo crisis in 1999 . It was led by Major General John Reith , Commander AMF ( L ) . The Immediate Reaction Task Force ( Land ) ( IRTF - L ) was a novel command and control concept successfully developed and evaluated by the AMF ( L ) between 1999 and 2001 . The IRTF ( L ) concept allowed the AMF ( L ) , an existing Immediate Reaction Force multinational brigade HQ , to command a divisional sized force with minimal augmentation and no intermediate HQs . The trial concluded in December 2001 . HQ AMF ( L ) was disbanded on October 31 , 2002 and has since been replaced by the NATO Response Force .
HMS Mermaid ( 1898 ) HMS " Mermaid " was a Hawthorn Leslie three - funnel , 30 knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1896 – 1897 Naval Estimates . She was launched in 1898 , served during World War I and was sold for breaking in 1919 . Construction . She was laid down on 7 September 1896 at the R . W . Hawthorn Leslie and Company shipyard at Hebburn - on - Tyne and launched on 22 February 1898 . During her builder ’ s trials she made her contract speed of 30 knots . She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in June 1899 . Pre - War . She was commissioned as part of the Medway Instructional Flotilla in early 1901 , serving as flagship for Commander J . F . E . Green when he took command of the flotilla on 13 June 1901 . She was deployed in home waters for her entire service life except for a brief visit to Gibraltar in 1910 . On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by letters starting with ' A ' . Since her design speed was 30 knots and she had three funnels , she was assigned to the C class . After 30 September 1913 she was known as a C - class destroyer and had the letter ‘ C ’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel . World War I . In July 1914 she was in active commission in the 6th Destroyer Flotilla tendered to based at Dover . On 28 October 1914 under the command of Lieutenant P Percival she was part of the anti - submarine screen for operations off the Belgian Coast . From 22 August to 19 November 1915 , along with and , she provided anti - submarine screen for several operations off the Belgian Coast . In November 1917 she was redeployed to the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based on the Humber where she would finish the war . She was awarded the battle honour " Belgian Coast 1914 – 17 " . Fate . In 1919 she was paid off and laid - up in reserve awaiting disposal . She was sold on 23 July 1919 to Thomas W . Ward of Sheffield for breaking at New Holland , Lincolnshire , on the Humber Estuary .
Gabriel de Mendizábal Iraeta Gabriel de Mendizábal Iraeta " Primer Conde de Cuadro de Alba de Tormes " ( 14 May 1765 , Vergara , Guipúzcoa ) - 1 September 1838 , Madrid ) was a Spanish general officer who fought in the Peninsular War . He is known for his command of Spanish forces during the Battle of the Gebora . It is important to note that Mendizabel rose through the ranks of the Spanish army and was not of noble birth . Military career . He began his military career as a sergeant major and saw his first action during the War of the Pyrenees . Throughout the war , Mendizabel fought on both the Vasco - Navarese and Catalan fronts . In 1793 , he was promoted to the rank of Colonel and was given command of a newly created regiment , the Voluntarios de Burgos which was posted in the north of Portugal . Due to the Spanish military disaster which occurred at Irún at the end of the Battle of the Baztan Valley in 1794 , he was transferred to the alta Guipúzcoa region with the inferior rank of First Comandante by order of a military council . In 1802 , Mendizábal was again promoted to the rank of Colonel , and was given the command of a regiment of volunteers from Navarre . On 23 September 1804 , he entered the city of Bilbao at the head of his troops to put an end to a series of riots collectively known as the Zamacolada . In 1809 , at the start of the Peninsula War , Mendizábal was promoted to " mariscal de campo " , a rank equivalent to major general . Later that year , he was granted the noble title of a Count , officially " Conde de Cuadro de Alba de Tormes " , for his military achievements against the French cavalry . In 1810 , he continued his rise up the ladder and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General . He was named commander of the Army of the Left and suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of the Gebora after which he was kept from command . Utterly humiliated , Mendizábal begged to serve as a simple rank and file soldier , a request that was granted . After distinguishing himself at the Battle of Albuera in May 1811 , he was reinstated by the courts with the title of Commander of the Seventh Army or " Séptimo Exército " which he took to the north of Spain in the territories that make up País Vasco , Navarre , La Rioja , Burgos , and Santander . He fought in this mountainous region using guerrilla tactics . On 16 December 1812 , Mendizábal was named political chief of Señorío de Vizcaya . In the final phases of the war , on 31 August 1813 , he controlled one of the divisions in the bloody but definitive Battle of San Marcial . For his actions , he was decorated with the highest military honors of the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand , and the Laureate of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild . Post War Career and Death . Between 1814 and 1820 , he gained significant political power as a member of the Consejo Supremo de la Guerra . In 1834 , he was named president of the Tribunal Supremo de Guerra y Marina , a post which he kept until his death four years later in 1838 .
Vanguard The vanguard is the leading part of an advancing military formation . It has a number of functions , including seeking out the enemy and securing ground in advance of the main force . History . The vanguard derives from the traditional division of a medieval army into three " battles " or " wards " ; the Van , the Main ( or Middle ) , and Rear . The term Vanguard originates with the medieval French " avant - garde " , i . e . the ward in front . The vanguard would lead the line of march and would deploy first on the field of battle , either in front of the other wards or to the right if they stood in line . The makeup of the vanguard of a fifteenth - century Burgundian army is a typical example . This consisted of In an English force of the period , the foreriders of the vanguard would be accompanied by the harbingers , whose job was to locate lodgings for the army for the following night .
Hauptmann Hauptmann is a German word usually translated as captain when it is used as an officer ' s rank in the German , Austrian and Swiss armies . While " " haupt " " in contemporary German means " main " , it also has the dated meaning of " head " , i . e . " Hauptmann " literally translates to " head man " , which is also the etymological root of " captain " ( from Latin " caput " head ) . It equates to Captain in the British and US Armies , and is rated OF - 2 in NATO . More generally , it can be used to denote the head of any hierarchically structured group of people , often as a compound word . For example , a " Feuerwehrhauptmann " is the captain of a fire brigade , while the word " Räuberhauptmann " refers to the leader of a gang of robbers . Official Austrian titles incorporating the word include " Landeshauptmann " , " Bezirkshauptmann " , " Burghauptmann " and " Berghauptmann " . In Saxony during the Weimar Republic , the titles of " Kreishauptmann " and " Amtshauptmann " were held by senior civil servants . It might cognates with the Swedish word Hövitsman that have the same root meaning " Head man " or " the man at the head " and that are closely related to the word " hövding " meaning Chieftain . Both titles are since medieval times used for titles within the administration of the state rather then within the military .
Rollo Mainguy Vice - Admiral Edmond Rollo Mainguy , OBE , CD , RCN ( 11 May 1901 - 29 April 1979 ) was a Canadian naval officer . Military career . He was born in Victoria , British Columbia in 1901 and attended the Royal Naval College of Canada in 1915 during World War I . With the start of World War II he took command of HMCS " Assiniboine " and then HMCS " Ottawa " before being promoted to Captain and taking overall command of RCN destroyers in Halifax in 1941 . In 1942 he was appointed acting Commodore and took command of RCN destroyers in Newfoundland , quickly followed by an appointment to Ottawa as Chief of Naval Personnel . He returned to active duty as the commanding officer of HMCS " Uganda " in 1944 . As a part of British Pacific Fleet Uganda took part in the Okinawa campaign . In the post - war years Mainguy was appointed Flag Officer Pacific Coast in 1946 , Flag Officer Atlantic Coast in 1948 , and was the head of the commission that investigated the RCN insubordination incidents of 1949 before becoming Chief of the Naval Staff in 1951 . He retired from the RCN in 1956 as a Vice - Admiral . He died in 1979 .
10 cm M . 14 Feldhaubitze The 10 cm M . 14 Feldhaubitze was a dual - purpose field and mountain gun used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . Between the wars it was used by Austria , Italy , and Poland . Captured weapons were used by Nazi Germany under the designations 10 cm leFH 14 ( ö ) and 10 cm leFH 315 ( i ) . It served as the standard Italian medium howitzer as the Obice da 100 / 17 modello 14 . It was a conventional design , although the first versions used an obsolescent wrought bronze barrel liner and a cast bronze jacket . Later versions used a standard steel barrel . The spade was in two pieces , one designed for use in icy ground and the other in normal soil . Two cannoneers sat in seats attached to the shield , as was normal for the period . It was pulled by three pairs of horses when attached to its limber . The carriage could be broken down into three loads carried on small carts for transport in rough terrain . Postwar some weapons were modernized for motor towing with new rubber - tired wheels and the seats on the shield removed . A more extensive postwar update by Czechoslovakia was designated as the 10 cm houfnice vz . 14 / 19 and was exported to Poland , Greece and Yugoslavia . Note : The data for this howitzer differs between sources , not surprising considering how often it was modified , and cannot be considered definitive . Data provided has generally been for a steel - tubed howitzer as given at the U . S . Army Field Artillery Museum , Ft . Sill , Oklahoma .
Dungan revolt ( 1895 – 96 ) The Dungan Revolt ( 1895 ) was a rebellion of various Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai and Gansu against the Qing Dynasty , that originated because of a violent dispute between two Sufi orders of the same sect . The Wahhabi inspired Yihewani organization then joined in and encouraged the revolt , which was crushed by loyalist Muslims . Revolt . Rival Sufi Naqshbandi orders fought against each other . They accused each other of various misdeeds , and filed a lawsuit against each other through the office of the Xining prefect . The Judge decided not to issue a ruling on which group was superior to the other in matters of all Islamic affairs , and urged them to behave . This led both Sufi sects to try to overthrow the government . Ma Yonglin aroused crowds of Hui , Dongxiang , Baoan , and Salars to overthrow Qing in Xunhua , Qinghai . Brigadier General Tang Yanhe sent troops to destroy the rebels . Ma Dahan formed a pact with the fellow Dongxiang Ma Wanfu when rebelling against the Qing dynasty . They led their followers in Hezhou , Didao , and Xunhua to revolt . They formed a defence line between Guanghe , Sanjiaji , and Tiaoheyan . Ma Wanfu ' s Wahhabi inspired Yihewani sect was considered the " new teaching " sect . The Yihewani encouraged the rebellion . Governor General Yang Changjun sent troops to crush the rebellion . Dong Fuxiang was the Commander in Chief of Kashgaria ( kashgar ) , and he received a telegram ordering that he and General Ma Pi - sheng relieve the districts in revolt by conducting forced marches . His loyalist Chinese Muslim troops led by Muslim officers like Ma Anliang , Ma Guoliang , Ma Fuxiang , and Ma Fulu crushed the revolt , reportedly cutting off the heads and ears of rebels . During this rebellion he again indulged in plundering his fellow Muslims . He received the rank of generalissimo . Ma Anliang ' s Muslim cavalry defeated Muslim rebels at Oxheart Mountain , and relieved the siege of Hezhou on December 4 . He led Hui cavalry troops to massacre Salar fighters who had agreed to negotiate at a banquet , and was promoted to General of Xinjiang , and Colonel of Hezhou for his service , once the revolt was crushed . The loyalist Muslim Generals led their troops to initiate wide spread slaughter of the rebel Muslims . They decapitated the heads of the rebels and removed their ears It was said that Ma Anliang ' s red cap was dyed with Muslim blood , and the offices of Ma Fuxiang and Ma Fulu were built from Muslim heads . Ma Wanfu surrendered as the Chinese Muslim loyalist Generals Dong Fuxiang and Ma Anliang arrived to crush the rebel Muslims , and Ma Dahan was killed while fighting . On August 2 , 1896 , it was reported that the Qing Generals carried out large scale massacres of the rebels , in one Area 8 , 000 were killed and the females sold into slavery . This Dungan revolt took place during the same time China was fighting the First Sino - Japanese War .
USS Western Star ( ID - 4210 ) USS " Western Star " ( ID - 4210 ) was a cargo ship of the United States Navy that served during World War I and its immediate aftermath . ` Construction and acquisition . SS " Western Star " was laid down as a steel - hulled , single - screw Design 1013 commercial cargo ship by J . F . Duthie and Company in Seattle , Washington , under a United States Shipping Board contract for the French " Compagnie Générale " . She was launched on 4 July 1918 and completed late in August 1918 . Upon her completion , the Shipping Board transferred her immediately on 28 August 1918 to the U . S . Navy for use during World War I . The Navy assigned her the naval registry identification number 4210 and commissioned her at Seattle on 28 August 1918 as USS " Western Star " ( ID - 4210 ) under the command of Lieutenant Commander Richard E . Tull , USNRF . Navy career . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " Western Star " departed Seattle and steamed to Union Bay , British Columbia , Canada , where she arrived on 5 September 1918 . She loaded a cargo of coal and underwent a thorough search for bombs and other explosives before departing Union Bay on 15 September 1918 bound for Iquique , Chile . Arriving at Iquique on 13 October 1918 , she unloaded her cargo , then moved to Caleta Buena , Chile , where she loaded a cargo of nitrates . Departing Caleta Buena on 4 November 1918 , " Western Star " steamed via the Panama Canal to Savannah , Georgia , arriving there on 5 December 1918 . After unloading the nitrates there , she proceeded to Tompkinsville , Staten Island , New York , arriving on 31 December 1918 . Decommissioning and disposal . " Western Star " remained at Tompkinsville until 1 March 1919 , when she was decommissioned and simultaneously transferred back to the U . S . Shipping Board . Later career . Once again SS " Western Star " , the ship remained in Shipping Board custody until abandoned in 1933 .
II Army Corps ( Greece ) The IΙ Army Corps ( ) is an army corps of the Hellenic Army . Formerly a mostly infantry formation , it now comprises the Army ' s special forces and army aviation units , as well as mechanized infantry . Emblem and Motto . The Corps ' emblem depicts an Ancient Spartan shield over crossed spears . It symbolizes strength , militancy and determination of the ancients . The motto of the II Army Corps is " Either With It , or On It " ( , " I tan i epi tas " ) . Spartan mothers would utter the phrase to their sons before they went to war , reminding them to return victorious with the shield , or be brought back dead upon it . Returning home without a shield meant the soldier deserted ( A hoplite could not escape the field of battle unless he tossed away the heavy and cumbersome shield ) .