naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HG 85 The HG 85 is a round fragmentation hand grenade designed for the Swiss Armed Forces and still produced by RUAG Ammotec in Switzerland . Due to its special constructed fuze and packaging , it is considered especially secure . For these reasons , it is also used in a number of other European Armies and Armies in the Middle and Far East . HG 85 is the internal designation of the Swiss Army and replaces the HG 43 from WWII . It entered service in the Swiss Army in 1985 . Variants . L109 . The L109 is the British designation for the HG 85 . It differs from the HG 85 in that it has a special safety clip ( matte black in colour ) which is similar to the safety clip on the American M67 grenade . It is deep bronze green in colour with golden yellow stencilling , and a rough exterior comparable to light sandpaper . The grenade has a range of 190m and is used to ' incapacitate and stun the enemy ' ; being used mainly in fighting in built - up areas , trench clearing and wood clearing . It is effective against unprotected personnel up to away , and protected personnel up to . It comprises a pre - segmented shell filled with 155g of high explosive . Once the pin is pulled , the grenade is live and has a fuse delay of 3 – 4 seconds ; however this is not activated as long as the fly - off lever is depressed while the grenade is held ( so the grenade can be held indefinitely with the pin out , and returned to storage if the pin is replaced ) . L110 . The L110 ( Drill Grenade ) is an inert ( no explosive content ) version of the L109 . It is identical in size , weight and shape , as the live grenade and is used for practise throwing purposes . It can be easily distinguished from the live grenade as it is blue rather than green . Nr300 . The Nr300 is the Dutch designation for the HG 85 . It is exactly like the L109 . Notes . There is an other HG 85 from Arges in Austria , which is designed for other specifications and has a plastic body .
USS SC - 25 USS " SC - 25 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 25 or USS " S . C . 25 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 25 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 16 October 1917 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 25 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 25 " . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 25 " was classified as SC - 25 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 25 " . On 24 June 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 25 " to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .
Frangokastello The castle was built by the Venetians in 1371 - 74 as a garrison to impose order on the rebellious Sfakia region , to deter pirates , and to protect Venetian nobles and their properties . The Venetians named it the Castle of St . Nikitas after the nearby church . The locals , however , who never saw it in a positive light , contemptuously dubbed it Frangokastello , meaning the Castle of the Franks ( i . e . Catholic foreigners ) , Castelfranco or Franco Castello . The name eventually stuck and was adopted by the Venetians as well . According to local lore , when soldiers and builders arrived on the fertile plain to begin construction of the castle , the local Sfakians , led by six Patsos brothers from the nearby settlement of Patsianos , would destroy every night what the Venetians built during the day . Eventually , the Venetians were forced to bring in additional troops and the Patsos brothers were betrayed , arrested and hanged . The castle has a simple rectangular shape , with a tower at each corner and the remains of a Venetian coat of arms above the main gate . The buildings within the walls , as well as the battlements , were constructed during the Ottoman Turkish occupation . In 1770 , the Cretan rebel Ioannis Vlachos , otherwise known as Daskalogiannis , was captured at Frangokastello by Turkish forces . He was later tortured and executed at Heraklion . On 17 May 1828 a celebrated battle was fought at Frangokastello . Hundreds of Sfakiots and Epirotes led by Hatzimichalis Dalianis , a Greek patriot from Epirus attempting to spread the Greek War of Independence from the mainland to Crete , occupied the castle , but were besieged by the Turks and massacred . However , many of the Turks were then themselves killed by rebel ambushes launched from the local gorges . According to tradition , around the anniversary of the battle each May , shadows of the armed Cretan and Epirote soldiers who lost their lives there seem to march towards the fortress around dawn . These are called " Drosoulites " ( ) , or dew - men , and have been explained as a meteorological phenomenon . Frangokastello has an extensive , sheltered and gently shelving sandy beach , which has provided the basis for a low key tourist industry in recent years . Tourist accommodation is scattered over the flat plain around the castle , but the area ' s relative remoteness has discouraged major development .
98th Bombardment Wing ( World War II ) The 98th Bombardment Wing is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit . Its last assignment was with the United States Air Force Reserve , based at Bedford Field , Massachusetts . It was inactivated on 27 June 1949 . History . As the 3rd Wing , the unit was one of the original wings of the GHQ Air Force on 1 March 1935 . It was formed in Texas , reassigned to Barksdale Field , Louisiana . Performed peacetime training operations . Assigned to MacDill Field , Florida , 1940 and assigned to USAAC Southeast Air District , becoming part of III Bomber Command just prior to World War II . It was deployed to England and was reassigned to VIII Bomber Command in June 1942 as a medium Bomber command and control organization component units being equipped with B - 26 Marauder s . It was redesignated as the 98th Combat Bombardment Wing ( Medium ) in November 1943 . The wing was reassigned to Ninth Air Force when 9th was reformed in England as tactical air force to support ground forces in upcoming invasion of France . Performed combat operations supporting allied ground forces until V - E Day It served postwar as an Air Force reserve unit , 1947 – 1949 .
USS Clifton Sprague ( FFG - 16 ) USS " Clifton Sprague " ( FFG - 16 ) , is an " Oliver Hazard Perry " - class guided missile frigate of the United States Navy , the tenth ship of that class . She was named for Vice Admiral Clifton A . F . Sprague ( 1896 – 1955 ) , hero of the Samar action of the Battle of Leyte Gulf , where he received the Navy Cross . The unclassified citation was in the wardroom until shortly before decommissioning . Ordered from Bath Iron Works on 27 February 1976 as part of the FY76 program , " Clifton Sprague " was laid down 30 July 1979 , launched 16 February 1980 , and commissioned 21 March 1981 . She was decommissioned on 2 June 1995 at NAVSTA Mayport , Florida , and was stricken from the US Navy register on 4 September 1997 after being transferred to Turkey . " Clifton Sprague " ( FFG - 16 ) was the first ship of that name in the US Navy . TCG " Gaziantep " ( F 490 ) . She was transferred to Turkey on 27 August 1997 as that nation ' s TCG " Gaziantep " ( F 490 ) , and then immediately modified into a G class frigate by the Turkish Naval Yard . As of 2011 , she is still in active service .
SM UC - 15 SM " UC - 15 " was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 23 November 1914 , laid down on 28 January 1915 , and was launched on 19 May 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 28 June 1915 as SM " UC - 15 " . Mines laid by " UC - 15 " during her 8 patrols are credited with sinking 2 ships . " UC - 15 " disappeared in November 1916 .
1st Troop Carrier Group The 1st Troop Carrier Group | 1st Troop Carrier Group ( Provisional ) was a United States Air Force unit that fought in the Korean War . The unit was attached to Far East Air Forces Fifth Air Force Operational Units : ( August 1950 – January 1951 ) 1st TCG was organized at Ashiya AB , Japan on 26 August 1950 under operational control of FEAF through the 1st Troop Carrier Task Force ( Provisional ) . The 1st TCG and its provisional squadrons were based at Tachikawa and supported by the 374th TCW . Personnel from units of Thirteenth and Twentieth Air Forces and the Far East Materiel Command manned the 1st TCG . Using C - 46s and briefly C - 47s , the group began airlifting freight and passengers between Japan and Korea on 2 September 1950 . The group transported a U . S . Marine unit to Pyongyang on 25 and 26 November , then flew emergency air evacuations from Sinanju and other forward bases as the Chinese advanced . Leaving Kimpo AB on 4 January , the group inactivated effective 25 January , with many of its personnel transferring to the 86th TCS of the 437th TCG . In its five months of operation , the group carried over 28 , 000 passengers , 7 , 000 air evacuees , and almost 12 , 000 tons of cargo . Stations : Aircraft Flown :
Arthur Easterbrook Lieutenant ( later Brigadier General ) Arthur Edmund Easterbrook started his career as a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . During World War II , he held several important positions in the U . S . Army Air Corps . Early life . Easterbrook came from a military family ; his father was Major E . P . Easterbrook , of Fort Flagler , Washington . World War I . Easterbrook enlisted on 17 August 1917 . He served originally in 9 Squadron RAF as an observer in Royal Aircraft Factory FE . 8 s . He was reassigned to the American 1st Observation Squadron on 20 August 1918 . Teamed with pilot William Portwood Ervin in a Salmson 2 A2 , Easterbrook scored his first aerial victory on 6 October 1918 , a double victory on 8 October , and his fourth on 22 October 1918 . On 4 November 1918 , he became one of the war ' s last aces . World War II . During World War II , Easterbrook served on the staff of General H . H . Arnold . Easterbrook later commanded the Air Force ' s Western Training Command , as well as Santa Ana Air Base in California . On 21 August 1946 , he retired as a Brigadier General . On 21 January 1950 , he sustained serious injuries in a fall from an avocado tree . He was using a wheelchair and living in a Veterans Administration facility until his death by heart failure on 24 July 1952 . Honors and awards citations . The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Arthur Edmund Easterbrook , First Lieutenant ( Air Service ) , U . S . Army , for extraordinary heroism in action near St . Mihiel , France , September 12 , 1918 . Because of intense aerial activity on the opening day of the St . Mihiel offensive , Lieutenant Easterbrook , observer , and Second Lieutenant Ralph E . De Castro , pilot , volunteered to fly over the enemy ' s lines on a photographic mission without the usual protection of accompanying planes . Notwithstanding the low - hanging clouds , which necessitated operation at an altitude of only 400 meters , they penetrated 4 kilometers beyond the German lines . Attacked by four enemy machines , they fought off their foes , completed their photographic mission , and returned safely . Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) Oak Leaf Cluster The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Arthur Edmund Easterbrook , First Lieutenant ( Air Service ) , U . S . Army , for extraordinary heroism in action near Exermont and Varennes , France , October 8 , 1918 . Lieutenant Easterbrook , with Lieutenant Erwin , pilot , successfully carried out a mission of locating our Infantry , despite five encounters with enemy planes . During these encounters he broke up a formation of three planes , sending one down out of control ; killed or wounded an observer in an encounter with another formation ; and sent a biplane crashing to the ground , besides driving away a formation of two planes and several single machines . References . " American Aces of World War 1 " Harry Dempsey . Osprey Publishing , 2001 . ISBN 1 - 84176 - 375 - 6 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 84176 - 375 - 0 .
Kyle Brown ( Canadian soldier ) Private Kyle Brown was a Canadian soldier implicated in the death in custody of Somali teenager Shidane Arone . The Canadian supply depot in Somalia was being looted and Arone was suspected of being one of the looters . Master Corporal Clayton Matchee took a lead role in Arone ' s torture and murder . The teenager ' s screams were reported to have been heard throughout the camp . Matchee was taken into custody , tried to hang himself , but only succeeded in causing himself irreversible brain damage . Because of this he was deemed unfit to stand trial . Brown , who played a secondary role , was convicted of manslaughter , and was sentenced to five years imprisonment , along with Dismissal with Disgrace from the Canadian Forces . He served one third of his five - year sentence . Brown later published a book in which he presented a case wherein he had been made the scapegoat for the incident and the officers who had not intervened were not brought to justice . An official inquiry in 1997 considered whether mefloquine , an anti - malarial drug that troops were taking , known to trigger psychotic symptoms in sensitive individuals , played a role in Arone ' s abuse , though the results were inconclusive .
CSS Alabama ' s New England Expeditionary Raid The CSS " Alabama ' s " New England Expeditionary Raid commenced shortly after the CSS Alabama left the Azores and cruised west toward the northeastern seaboard of Newfoundland and New England along the North American coastline . The primary area of operation during this expeditionary raid , was the eastern seaboard of the United States ranging as far down as Virginia and Bermuda . Raid overview . The CSS " Alabama " worked its way down the east coast during the month of October capturing three ships , and burning ten others , and encountering a hurricane along the way . Finally , departing station off the New England coast , she set sail for Martinique to rendezvous with her supply vessel , the CSS " Agrippina " , burning two more ships on the way . From this raiding area off the coast of New England , the CSS " Alabama " made her way into the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico to continue her unhindered wrecking of enemy commerce along the North American coastline .
Częstochowa Ghetto Uprising The Częstochowa Ghetto Uprising was an insurrection in Poland ' s Częstochowa Ghetto against German occupation forces during World War II . It took place in late June 1943 , resulting in some 2 , 000 young Jews losing their lives . The first instance of armed resistance took place on January 4 , 1943 , at the so - called " Large Ghetto " established by the Germans in April 1941 . During the ' selection ' of some 500 Jews to be deported to the ghetto in Radomsko , shooting broke out at the Warsaw Square ( Ghetto Heroes Square ) in which Mendel Fiszelewicz ( Fiszelowicz ) along with Isza Fajner were killed . 50 young Jews were executed in reprisal . The final liquidation of the so - called " Small Ghetto " ( work camp for munitions factory ) commenced in June 1943 , after four months of mass executions at the Cemetery ( Jewish elders , children , intellectuals ) and ' selections ' of Jews for deportations to slave labour camps including in Bliżyn . On June 25 ( or 26 ) , 1943 a full uprising broke out , organized by the " Organisation of Jewish Fighters " , even though the insurgents were weakly armed . They barricaded themselves in bunkers along the Nadrzeczna Street . In the fighting and subsequent massacres 1 , 500 Jews died . The leader of the uprising , Mordechaj Zylberberg , committed suicide as the Germans were about to capture his bunker on Nadrzeczna . The uprising was suppressed on June 30 , 1943 with additional 500 Jews burned alive or buried beneath the rubble of the " Small Ghetto " . The remaining 3 , 900 fugitives were rounded up and sent to camp in Warta or incarcerated at the nearby work prisons , Hasag Pelcery and Huta Częstochowa . However , the Częstochowa Ghetto was not liquidated . Some 10 , 000 Jews were brought in from Skarżysko - Kamienna in 1944 . Around 5 , 200 of them were liberated by the Red Army in mid January 1945 .
Ahven class minesweeper The Ahven class minesweepers ( ) was a series of six minesweepers of the Finnish Navy . The ships were constructed in 1937 at the " Turun veneveistämö " shipyard and saw service during World War II . The ships were later used as starting point for the design of the . The Ahven class was scrapped in 1961 .
Geoffrey Parker ( historian ) Noel Geoffrey Parker ( born 25 December 1943 ) is a British historian specializing in Spanish and military history of the early modern era . His best known book is " Military Revolution : Military Innovation and the Rise of the West , 1500 - 1800 " , first published by Cambridge University Press in 1988 . Born in Nottingham , England , he is a fellow of the British Academy and holds his BA , MA , Ph . D . and Litt . D . degrees from Cambridge University where he studied under the historian Sir John Huxtable Elliott . Amongst the foreign honours he holds , he is a member of the Order of Alfonso X the Wise and was granted the Great Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic by the Spanish government . He has received honorary doctorates from the Catholic University of Brussels ( Belgium ) and the University of Burgos ( Spain ) . He is a fellow of the British Academy , the Spanish Real Academia de la Historia , and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences . In 2012 he was awarded the Dr . A . H . Heineken Prize for History by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences for his outstanding scholarship on the social , political and military history of Europe between 1500 and 1650 , in particular Spain , Philip II , and the Dutch Revolt ; for his contribution to military history in general ; and for his research on the role of climate in world history . Parker has taught at the University of Illinois , the University of St . Andrews and Yale University . He is currently the Andreas Dorpalen Professor of History at The Ohio State University . References . He was also co - writer with Robert Cowley in the book : Reader ' s Companion to Military History www . History . com
Gerhard Konopka Gerhard Konopka ( 27 March 1911 – 29 January 1997 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold one of only 631 awards .
Theophobos Theophobos or Theophobus ( ) , originally Nasir , Nasr , or Nusayr , was a Kurdish commander who converted to Christianity and entered Byzantine service under Emperor Theophilos ( r . 829 – 843 ) . Biography . Theophobos was born to an Kurdish family who originally belonged to the Iranian aristocracy . Originally , he was a member of the Khurramite sect in western Iran , which was being persecuted by the Abbasid Caliphate . In 833 , they were defeated by Caliph al - Mu ' tasim ( r . 833 – 842 ) . Thus , in 834 , Nasr with some fourteen thousand other Khurramites , crossed Armenia and fled to the Byzantine Empire . There , they converted to Christianity , were given widows from military families as wives , and enrolled into the Byzantine army in the so - called " Persian " tourma " " . Nasr , now baptized Theophobos ( " fearful / respectful of God " ) , was placed at the head of these troops , named " patrikios " and given the hand of either Theophilos ' s sister or his sister - in - law in marriage . Theophobos and the new Khurramite corps campaigned with Theophilos in his successful 837 campaign in the region of the upper Euphrates , where they brutally sacked the city of Sozopetra / Zapetra . In the same year , some 16 , 000 more Khurramites fled into the Byzantine Empire , following the definite suppression of their religion in Azerbaijan . Theophobos also participated in the campaign of 838 against the invasion of Caliph al - Mu ' tasim ( r . 833 – 842 ) . He was present at the catastrophic Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Anzen , where he reportedly saved the Byzantine emperor ' s life on several occasions . In the aftermath of the battle , the " Persian " troops assembled at Sinope and declared Theophobos emperor , most likely against his will . The exact reason behind this move or sequence of events are unclear . However , after the defeat at Anzen , the rumour had spread to Constantinople that Theophilos had been killed , and it appears that Theophobos , who was possibly an iconodule ( as opposed to the staunchly iconoclast Theophilos ) was put forth among the Byzantine Empire ' s elite as the new Byzantine emperor . At any rate , Theophobos quickly engaged in secret negotiations with the Byzantine emperor , who in 839 led an army against the rebels . Theophobos agreed to surrender and was restored to his high offices , while his men , numbering some 30 , 000 , were reportedly split up into regiments of 2000 men and divided among the " themata " . As Theophilos ' s health declined , however , and in order to secure his infant son and heir , Michael III ( r . 842 – 867 ) from any usurpation attempt , in 840 or 842 , Theophilos had his brother - in - law Petronas secretly execute Theophobos by decapitation .
Chuck DeVore Charles S . " Chuck " DeVore ( born May 20 , 1962 ) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the California State Assembly from 2004 to 2010 and represented the 70th District , which includes portions of Orange County . DeVore was Vice Chair of the Assembly Revenue and Taxation Committee and sat on the Joint Legislative Audit Committee and Veteran s Affairs Committee . After losing a 2010 bid for Republican nomination for the United States Senate , in 2011 DeVore moved to Texas to work for the Texas Public Policy Foundation where he is now Vice President for Policy . Early life . DeVore served as a Pentagon congressional liaison for Reagan administration from 1986 to 1988 . He later worked as Vice President of Communications and Research for Newport Beach - based aerospace company SM & A from 1991 to 2004 . Bills and policy positions . DeVore resigned his position as Chief Republican Whip in February 2009 in protest of a $ 12 billion per year tax increase agreed to by Republican leadership . While a California lawmaker , DeVore favored offshore oil drilling along the California coast as well as the development of modern nuclear power plants . He opposed the federal stimulus package in 2009 . He is pro - life . DeVore signed the official ballot argument against California ' s High Speed Rail bond act in the November 4 , 2008 election . 2010 United States Senate bid . DeVore declared his candidacy for the 2010 Republican nomination for the U . S . Senate seat held by three - term Democratic senator Barbara Boxer . In the Republican primary on June 8 , DeVore finished third out of five candidates with 19 . 3 % of the vote . DeVore raised $ 2 . 6 million for his primary effort . During the campaign DeVore ' s campaign was sued for copyright infringement by musician Don Henley for use by the campaign of two parodies of two songs by Henley , " After the Hope of November is Gone " ( after " The Boys of Summer " ) and " All She Wants to Do is Tax " ( after " All She Wants to Do Is Dance " ) . Henley eventually prevailed ; Devore and a campaign worker issued a public statement apologizing to Henley . Life since 2010 . DeVore moved to Texas in late 2011 to accept a job as a visiting scholar at the nonprofit Texas Public Policy Foundation writing about Texas ' s low taxes and regulations and its effects on business climate , in contrast to other states . By the summer of 2012 , DeVore had been named a vice president at the conservative think tank . Books . Co - authored " China Attacks " in 2000 , Chinese language edition published in 2001 . Authored " The Texas Model : Prosperity in the Lone Star State and Lessons for America " in 2013 .