naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
War Merit Medal The War Merit Medal ( ) was instituted on 19 August 1940 to recognize outstanding service by civilians in connection with the war effort . The medal was restricted to civilians - both German and non - German - and was awarded predominantly to those working in war factories . The medal , designed by Professor Richard Klein of Munich , was bronze bearing the design of the War Merit Cross on the front , and the inscription " For War Merit 1939 " ( in German ) on the reverse . It was suspended from a ribbon colored like the ribbon of the War Merit Cross , except for a thin red vertical strip added to the center of the black portion . When worn , it was worn either on the medal bar above the left breast pocket ( soldiers who had earned the medal as civilians could wear it on the uniform ) , or with the ribbon only through the second buttonhole of the tunic . Since this was a non - combat award , the medal was only without swords . After 15 May 1943 , the award of this medal to foreigners was supplanted by the Medal of Merit of the Order of the German Eagle . It is estimated that approximately 4 . 9 million medals were awarded by war ' s end . The medal was presented in an envelope wrapper . The wrapper was blue with black lettering ( " Kriegs - Verdienstmedaille 1939 " ) , with the medal itself wrapped in a small piece of tissue paper . Envelope also comes in orange - brownish color with " Kriegs - Verdienstmedaille 1939 " stamped on it .
Battle of Hunterstown The Battle of Hunterstown was an American Civil War skirmish at Beaverdam Creek near Hunterstown , Pennsylvania , on July 2 , 1863 , in which Wade Hampton ' s Confederate cavalry withdrew after engaging George Armstrong Custer ' s Union cavalry . Background . At dawn on July 2 , 1863 , the Union Army of the Potomac deployed near Gettysburg had cavalry posted elsewhere to protect the flanks and to look for Confederate activity , particularly Maj . Gen . J . E . B . Stuart ' s cavalry . Stuart arrived at Gen . Robert E . Lee ' s headquarters between noon and 1 p . m . , and about an hour later Brig . Gen . Wade Hampton ' s exhausted brigade arrived . Stuart ordered Hampton to take a position to cover the left rear of the Confederate battle lines . Hampton moved into position astride the Hunterstown Road four miles northeast of Gettysburg , blocking access for any Union forces that might try to swing around behind Lee ' s lines . Two brigades of Union cavalry from Brig . Gen . Judson Kilpatrick ' s division under Brig . Gens . George Armstrong Custer and Elon J . Farnsworth were probing for the end of the Confederate left flank . Engagement . Custer ' s men collided with Hampton on the road between Hunterstown and Gettysburg . As he led a charge of Company A , 6th Michigan Cavalry , against the Confederate rear guard , Custer fell under his wounded horse and was saved by his orderly , Norvell F . Churchill . Hampton wanted to escalate the action , positioning most of his brigade along a ridge in readiness to charge Custer ’ s position . At that stage , Elon Farnsworth arrived with his brigade . Hampton did not press his attack , and an artillery duel ensued until dark when Hampton withdrew towards Gettysburg . Aftermath . The battlefield ( colloq . " North Cavalry Field " , which is northeast of the Gettysburg Battlefield ) is privately owned and includes a power plant . The village of Hunterstown has a small plaque commemorating the nearby engagement , and on July 2 , 2008 , a marble monument honoring Custer was unveiled and dedicated .
Denis Miller Squadron Leader Denis " Dusty " Miller DSO DFC ( 12 November 1918 – 24 March 2009 ) was a New Zealand bomber and airline pilot . Early life . Miller was born in 1918 in New Zealand and educated at Auckland Grammar School . Military career . Miller travelled to the United Kingdom in 1941 , where he served in RAF Bomber Command . His first posting was to No . 50 Squadron RAF , where he flew Hampdens . He then moved to No . 25 Operational Training Unit RAF to instruct on Vickers Wellington s . Later life and death . At the end of World War II , Miller joined British Overseas Airways Corporation . He flew a variety of aircraft with BOAC for over 28 years . Awards and decorations . On 23 June 1942 , the then Acting Flight Lieutenant Miller was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross " in recognition of gallantry displayed in flying operations against the enemy " . On 12 May 1944 , the then Acting Squadron Leader Miller was awarded the Distinguished Service Order " in recognition of gallantry displayed in flying operations against the enemy " . The details were gazetted on 9 May 1944 as follows : Acting Squadron Leader Dennis MILLER , DFC ( NZ402207 ) , Royal New Zealand Air Force , No 49 Squadron Since being awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross , this officer has completed very many sorties , including five attacks on Berlin and three against Hanover . Throughout he has displayed a high degree of skill , courage and resolution , qualities which have earned him much success . In April 1944 , he piloted an aircraft detailed for a minelaying mission . In spite of opposing fire from armed ships and from the shore batteries , Squadron Leader Miller executed his task with great precision and afterwards completed the long flight home safely . His example has been worthy of emulation . Personal life . He was married to Margery , who died in 2007 . He has two children ; a daughter , by whom he is survived and a son , who became a Boeing 747 pilot with British Airways , who predeceased him .
Battle of Neukalen The Battle of Neukalen was a battle at Neukalen of the Seven Years ' War between Swedish and Prussian forces fought on January 2 , 1762 . The Swedish force under the command of Carl Constantin De Carnall managed to rout the Prussian forces camping on a hill next to the town of Malchin . This was the last battle of the Swedish and Prussian troops during the war .
F . Michael Watson Frank Michael Watson ( born 9 March 1943 ) served as the secretary to the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1986 until his call as a general authority of the LDS Church in 2008 . Watson was born in Spring City , Utah . He received a bachelor ' s degree in business and office administration from Utah State University . He was in the United States Army for three years and was awarded the Bronze Star and Army Commendation Medal s . Prior to employment as secretary to the First Presidency , Watson served as assistant secretary to the First Presidency ( 1972 – 86 ) , and as both assistant secretary and secretary to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles ( 1970 – 72 ) . Watson has served as president of the church ' s Bountiful Utah South Stake and a temple sealer in the Bountiful Utah Temple . In April 2008 , Watson was called as a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy of the LDS Church . He previously served as a counselor in the church ' s Africa Southeast Area and in 2011 was appointed as a counselor in the Pacific Area , based in Auckland , New Zealand , where he served until August 2013 . In October 2013 , Watson was released from the First Quorum of the Seventy and designated as an emeritus general authority . Watson is married to Jolene Mann and they are the parents of 12 children .
Assault on Danzig ( 1627 ) The Assault on Danzig or Battle of Kiezmark was a battle during the Polish – Swedish War of 1626 – 1629 . On May 25 , 1627 the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus , who in 1626 had taken a sconce at Weichsel , near Danzig , attacked from there with 1200 men under the command of the Count of Thurn and Johan Banér . The attack was prematurely discovered by the enemy and the Swedes have to retreat , suffering losses . During the retreat , the Swedish king got hit by a bullet in the abdomen that almost killed him . In another attack on 4 July the Swedes occupied Danziger Werder .
Thomas James Young Captain Thomas James Young VC ( 1827 – 20 March 1869 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was approximately 30 years old , and a lieutenant in the Royal Navy , serving with a Naval Brigade from HMS " Shannon " during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 16 November 1857 at Lucknow , British India , naval guns were brought up close to the Shah Nujeff mosque , and the gun crews kept up a steady fire in an attempt to breach the walls , while a hail of musket balls and grenades from the mutineers inside the mosque caused heavy casualties . Lieutenant Young moved from gun to gun giving encouragement , and when he and Able Seaman William Hall were the only survivors , all the rest being killed or wounded , Lieutenant Young took the last gunner ' s place and between them they loaded and fired the gun . The joint citation reads : He later achieved the rank of captain . He married Louisa Mary Boyes , the sister of Duncan Gordon Boyes , who also won the Victoria Cross . Young died in Caen , France and is buried in the Protestant Cemetery there . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich , London .
Silesian Ostrava Castle Silesian Ostrava Castle is a castle in Ostrava , in the northeastern Czech Republic . It was originally built in the 1280s near the confluence of the Lučina and Ostravice rivers . The castle was built for military purposes due to its proximity to the Polish border . In 1534 , the gothic castle was rebuilt into a renaissance chateau . It burned down in 1872 but was rebuilt . It was restored recently after many years of dilapidation , caused by coal mining under the castle . Today , the castle is one of the most important tourist attraction of the city . The castle held the Colours of Ostrava festival in 2007 .
Joshua Hamidu Lieutenant General Joshua Mahamadu Hamidu ( born 1936 ) is a former Chief of Defence Staff and member of the Supreme Military Council government . Prior to that appointment , he was the Ghanaian High Commissioner to Zambia . He was appointed National Security Advisor to the Kufuor government in 2001 . He has also been the chairman of the Narcotics Control Board of Ghana . He is also on various boards of the Bank of Ghana . In 2005 , he was Ghana ' s High Commissioner to Nigeria . Joshua Hamidu had been accused in some circles of being implicated in the killing of the Overlord of Dagbon , the late Ya - Na , Yakubu Andani II in March 2002 . The Wuaku Commission which investigated the circumstances leading to the tragedy cleared him of any wrongdoing .
William Montrose Graham , Jr . William Montrose Graham , Jr . ( September 28 , 1834 – January 16 , 1916 ) , was a career soldier in the United States Army , reaching the rank of major general . He was a veteran of both the American Civil War and the Spanish - American War . Biography . Graham was born in Washington , D . C . , the son of Colonel James Duncan Graham ( 1799 – 1865 ) . His uncle and namesake , William Montrose Graham ( 1798 – 1847 ) , was killed during the Mexican - American War while commanding the 11th U . S . Infantry at Molino del Rey . The junior Graham was commissioned into the 1st Regiment of Artillery in 1855 , and earned two rapid promotions to captain with the outbreak of the Civil War . During the war , he was cited for gallantry during the Peninsula Campaign , for actions at Antietam , and for his actions at Gettysburg . Graham earned multiple brevet ( honorary ) promotions for these actions , including major ( July 1 , 1862 , Malvern Hill ) , lieutenant colonel ( September 17 , 1862 , Antietam ) , and colonel ( July 3 , 1863 , Gettysburg ) . His Battery K , 1st Regiment of Artillery , was , from 1863 , part of the famed U . S . Horse Artillery Brigade . Graham served with the Regular Army until 1865 , when he accepted a commission as colonel of a U . S . Volunteers infantry regiment from the District of Columbia . Awarded his final brevet of the war , to brigadier general in the regular army , he mustered out of the volunteers in September and returned to the regular service . He remained in the army after the war , serving with the 4th and 5th U . S . Artilleries , and rose to the rank of brigadier general in the regular army , May 26 , 1897 . He retired from the service on his 64th birthday in 1898 . During the Spanish - American War , however , he ranked as a major general of U . S . Volunteers . After brief service in command of the 2nd Corps at Camp Alger and Camp Meade , he was honorably mustered out of the volunteers on November 30 , 1898 . He died in Wardour , Maryland , January 16 , 1916 , and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery , in Washington , D . C .
Sosthenes of Macedon Sosthenes ( Greek " Σωσθένης " , died 277 BC ) was a Macedonian and general and may have been a king of the Antipatrid dynasty . During the reign of Lysimachus he was his governor in Asia Minor . Sosthenes was elected King by the Macedonian army , but he may or not have reigned as king . Appointed as " strategos " he may have declined the title of king as he had no royal connections . During his reign he faced invading Galatians , Antigonus II Gonatas and other rivals . He defeated Bolgius , one of the earliest invading Galatian leaders but was soon faced with the invasion of Brennus in the summer of 279 BC . Antigonus II Gonatas tried to invade Macedonia from Asia in 278 but was beaten by Sosthenes .
Ghazala al - Haruriyya Ghazāla al - Harūriyya ( ) was the wife of Habib ibn - Yazīd al - Harūrī , founder of the Harūriyya sect of Kharijite Islam , which held that it is permissible to entrust the imamate to a woman if she is able to carry out the required duties . Ghazāla commanded troops , following in the footsteps of previous Muslim women like Juwayriyya bint al - Ḥārith at the Battle of Yarmuk . In one battle , she put the famous Umayyad Iraqi general Hajjāj ibn - Yūsuf to flight . In 677 AD ( 77 AH ) , after having controlled the city of Kufa for a day , Ghazāla led her male warriors in prayer as well as recited two of the longest chapters from the Quran during the prayer in the Mosque
38th ( 1st Staffordshire ) Regiment of Foot The 38th ( 1st Staffordshire ) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army . History . It was formed in 1705 and amalgamated into the South Staffordshire Regiment in 1881 . The regiment was raised at Lichfield by General Luke Lillingston in February 1705 , titled Luke Lillingstone ' s Regiment of Foot ; it was the successor to two previous regiments raised by Lillingstone . In 1751 , the regiment was numbered the 38th Regiment of Foot , and in 1782 took a county title as the 38th ( 1st Staffordshire ) Regiment of Foot . Later , the regiment became part of the South Staffordshire Regiment and then , in 1959 , the Staffordshire Regiment . In 2007 , The Staffordshire Regiment became 3rd Battalion The Mercian Regiment . The regiment saw service in the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars , as well as the Crimean War , the Indian Mutiny , and a number of smaller colonial campaigns .
SM UB - 127 SM " UB - 127 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 1 June 1918 as SM " UB - 127 " . " UB - 127 " was lost at the North Sea Mine Barrage in September 1918 . Construction . She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 27 April 1918 . " UB - 127 " was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 127 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 127 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 127 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Yoxter Yoxter Training Camp is a British Army training area and camp situated on the Mendip Hills in Somerset . It is between the villages of Charterhouse and Priddy . It is adjacent to the Chancellor ' s Farm biological Site of Special Scientific Interest , and the Somerset Wildlife Trust , Ministry of Defence and Natural England work together to enable conservation grazing on the site . History . The camp was purchased in 1933 . After the Second World War the camp reverted to the Territorial Army . In 1964 the Royal Anglian Regiment renovated the camp and it has been in use by the Regular Army , Royal Marines , TA and the Army Cadet Force ever since . Facilities . The camp has of land . It has an 8 lane range and is primarily used for this purpose . When firing is not in progress the training area is also used for fieldcraft exercises as well as helicopter training and the driving of non tracked vehicles . The camp has billet accommodation for 100 , store rooms , a kitchen , classrooms and toilet facilities . All accommodation is being refurbished or rebuilt over the spring / summer of 2011 .
Louis J . Bruner Private Louis J . Bruner ( October 6 , 1834 to January 28 , 1912 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Bruner received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action at Walkers Ford in Tennessee on 2 December 1863 . He was honored with the award on 9 March 1896 . Biography . Bruner was born in Monroe County , Indiana on 6 October 1834 and enlisted into the 5th Indiana Cavalry at Clifty Brumer in Indiana . He died on 28 January 1912 and his remains are interred at the Green Park Cemetery in Indiana .
USRC Crawford ( 1830 ) The United States Revenue Cutter " Crawford " was the first of the 13 cutters of the Morris - Taney Class to be launched . These cutters were the backbone of the Service for more than a decade . Samuel Humphreys designed these cutters for roles as diverse as fighting pirates , privateers , combating smugglers and operating with naval forces . He designed the vessels on a naval schooner concept . They had Baltimore Clipper lines . The vessels built by Webb and Allen , designed by Isaac Webb , resembled Humphreys ' but had one less port . The " Crawford " , named for Secretary of the Treasury William H . Crawford , initially was assigned to the Collector of Customs in Norfolk , Virginia . In June 1831 , she sailed for duty at Savannah , Georgia , arriving on July 1 , 1835 . The Government sold her in 1835 for $ 2 , 300 . Her sister cutter , first named as USRC " Jefferson " ( commissioned in 1832 ) , was renamed " Crawford " in 1839 .
7th Guards Brigade ( Croatia ) The 7th Guards Brigade ( ) , also known by their nickname Pumas ( ) , was a Croatian Ground Army ( HV ) brigade formed on 23 December 1992 in Varaždin . The brigade was initially formed out of the 5th Battalion of the 1st " Tigers " Brigade and its first commander was Ivan Korade , who led the unit during the War of Independence ( 1991 – 1995 ) . The 7th Brigade was disbanded in 2003 when it merged with the 2nd " Thunders " Brigade . In March 2008 the 2nd Brigade was also disbanded . Members of the former 7th Brigade who had served in the 2nd Brigade 2003 – 2008 were then incorporated into the present - day Armoured Guards Brigade ( " Gardijska oklopno - mehanizirana brigada " or GOMBR ) and formed a battalion which uses the original 7th Brigade ' s nickname and emblem .
Joachim Rouault Joachim Rouault ( died 1478 ) , French soldier , was a member of an old family of Poitou . He attached himself to the dauphin ( afterwards Louis XI ) and became his premier squire . He followed Louis in his expedition against the Swiss in 1444 , distinguished himself in the war against England in 1448 , and received the posts of governor of Blaye and Fronsac and constable of Bordeaux . After taking an important part in the battle of Castillon ( 1453 ) , which resulted in the defeat and death of John Talbot , 1st Earl of Shrewsbury , he fought against Jean V of Armagnac , in 1455 , and in the following year made a fruitless expedition into Scotland . He took part in the campaign in Catalonia , and became Marshal of France in 1461 , and governor of Paris in 1471 . In 1471 and 1472 he defended Amiens and Beauvais against the Burgundians . Towards the end of his life he was disgraced by Louis XI and sentenced to banishment and the confiscation of his property .
Menagh Military Airbase Menagh Air Base ( or Minnigh airport , Minakh Air Base ) is a Syrian Air Force installation located south of Azaz , Aleppo Governorate , Syria . Menagh Air Base is home to the 4th Flying Training Squadron , equipped with MBB 223 Flamingo trainer aircraft and Mil Mi - 8 helicopters . The air base became a major target of the armed opposition in the Syrian civil war ' s Battle of Aleppo . The air base was under siege by opposition forces from August 2012 until it fell to the opposition on 5 August 2013 .
Alfred Müller ( general ) Alfred Müller ( 23 November 1915 – 2 July 1997 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Alfred Müller was captured by American troops in May 1945 . In 1956 he joined the Bundeswehr and served until 1979 retiring as a Brigadegeneral .
Step ( air base ) Step ( also Olovyannaya ) is an air base in Chita , Russia located 14 km northwest of Yasnogorsk . It is a large air base with two revetment areas and numerous military fortifications . It is near an SS - 11 missile field that was dismantled in the mid - 1990s . Units stationed at Step / Olovyannaya include :
John Hansl John Hansl ( January 21 , 1925 – June 29 , 2007 ) entered the Nazi Waffen SS in 1943 , aged eighteen . Born Johann Hansl in Donji Miholjac , Yugoslavia , in what is now part of present day Croatia , to ethnic German parents , he served as an armed SS Death ' s Head battalion guard of civilian prisoners at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin , and later at the Natzweiler concentration camp in France . After World War II he moved to Austria . He emigrated to the United States in 1955 and was granted citizenship in 1960 . He became a U . S . citizen in 1966 . Later his wife and family joined him . On April 8 , 2005 , a federal court working with evidence obtained by the Office of Special Investigations , revoked his American citizenship because of his service as a Nazi concentration camp guard . The judge ruled that " regarding his personal conduct as a Death ' s Head guard leaves no room for factual dispute whether he personally advocated or assisted in persecution " . The U . S . Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the decision , and the U . S . Supreme Court refused to review the case . Death . John Hansl died in a nursing home in Des Moines , Iowa , aged 82 .
1992 Sierra Leonean coup d ' état The 1992 Sierra Leonean coup d ' état was a coup d ' état against the government of Sierra Leone by a group of young military officers , led by 25 - year - old Captain Valentine Strasser on 29 April 1992 . Results . As a result of the coup , Strasser took control of the government , deposing Joseph Saidu Momoh . Banning all political parties , the National Provisional Ruling Council ( NPRC ) was formed and ran government . Parliament was also dissolved .