naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hideyoshi Obata Biography . Obata was a native of Osaka prefecture . He graduated from the 23rd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in December 1911 , and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the cavalry . In 1919 , he graduated from the 31st class of the Army War College and was promoted to the rank of captain in the cavalry . Attracted to right - wing nationalist politics in his youth , he was a member of the radical Imperial Way Faction , under the leadership of Sadao Araki , against the more moderate " Toseiha " of Kazushige Ugaki . From 1923 - 1927 , Obata was assigned as a military attaché to the United Kingdom and from 1927 - 1934 as military attaché to British India . In August 1934 , he was promoted to colonel in the cavalry and recalled to Japan for staff postings within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff . Obata was promoted to major general in March 1938 , and was reassigned from cavalry to army aviation . He was appointed Commandant of the Akeno Army Air School in August 1938 . In December 1940 , he was promoted to lieutenant general and commander of the IJA 5th Air Group in Taiwan at the start of the Pacific War . His command was subsequently assigned to the Burma front in 1942 . In May 1943 , he became commander in chief of the IJA 3rd Air Army but was recalled to Tokyo in December . On 18 February 1944 , Obata was assigned command of the Thirty - First Army ( Japan ) , with the IJA 29th Division and IJA 53rd Division in charge of the defense of the Mariana Islands from the approaching Allied forces . He was away from his headquarters on Saipan at the time of the American invasion and established his new command post on Guam . However , at the Battle of Guam he was soon overwhelmed by superior American numbers and firepower , and after giving the order that his forces should fight to the death , he committed " seppuku " on 11 August 1944 . Obata was promoted posthumously to the rank of general .
Artillery in the Second Boer War The Second Boer War saw attempted application of bombardment as an alternative to the use of ground forces . In most battles fought during the conflict this was proved not to be possible . There was competition from the other side ’ s ability to undertake evasive measures . The opponent was able to use cover to protect himself and hide his position . Nonetheless , the tactic of the creeping barrage , used at the relief of Ladysmith , has been described as “ revolutionary ” . Battle of Magersfontein - 11 December 1899 The barrage involved twenty - four field guns , four howitzers , and a 4 . 7 inch naval gun , dubbed ‘ Joe Chamberlain ’ , in honour of the British Colonial Secretary . “ Onlookers were told by the naval gunners that Old Joey would kill every man within 150 yards of where his shells struck . ” However , the bombardment that targeted the hill did not hit the Boers . The British had poor intelligence . The Boers were not hiding on the hill but in a line of trenches close by . It was to be another three months before the Boers finally evacuated , not because of bombardment , but because the British passed round them . Battle of Colenso - 15 December 1899 Here too , the British lacked intelligence about enemy positions . Before the battle , the Boers were hidden and their numbers or positions could not be estimated . In battle , smokeless fire meant that their positions were difficult to locate . Boer guns were also concealed behind emplacements , a practice that was new to late nineteenth warfare . Relief of Ladysmith - 14 – 28 February 1900 The British had success when they ceased using artillery by itself and used it in conjunction with infantry . British General Buller linked the use of artillery and the movement of infantry into continuous interlocking assaults upon each hill south of Ladysmith . As soon as shelling had finished in a location the infantry moved . The front collapsed on the 27th when use was made of a creeping curtain of shell fire sent over the heads of advancing infantry destroying everything 100 yards ahead of them . It was this tactic of the creeping barrage that has been described by Pakenham as “ revolutionary ” . Sources . Thomas Pakenham , " Boer War " , London : Abacus , 1992 .
Operation Shining Express Operation Shining Express was the July 2003 deployment of an American naval task force based around the amphibious assault ship USS " Kearsarge " ( LHD - 3 ) to rescue U . S . embassy personnel and American citizens during the Second Liberian Civil War . The deployment was announced on June 13 , 2003 and lasted until July 2003 . It followed the successful 1990 rescue effort in Liberia , Operation Sharp Edge .
Noble Leslie DeVotie Noble Leslie DeVotie ( January 24 , 1838 – February 12 , 1861 ) was the main contributing founder of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity . DeVotie is often credited with writing the Ritual , creating The Grip , and the name of the fraternity . Because of these important contributions he is viewed by the fraternity as the most influential of the founding fathers . He drowned on February 12 , 1861 , while on duty as chaplain of the Alabama troops . He was 23 at the time of his death . As he was about to board a steamer at Fort Morgan , Alabama , he made a misstep and fell into the water . Three days later his body was washed ashore . He was the first man to lose his life in the Civil War . Even though the Civil War did not begin until April 12 , 1861 , Alabama had seceded from the Union in January , hence the reason for his being the first casualty .
Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej - Polish anticommunist military resistance organization formed in 1944 by Józef Marcinkowski from Armia Krajowa soldiers . Main goal was counteracting Soviet domination over Poland . They engaged in many skirmishes with the Internal Security Corps and NKVD soldiers . Executed many Polish Workers ' Party and UB collaborators .
SS Erinpura SS " Erinpura " was a passenger liner built for the British - India Steam Navigation Company in 1911 . She was the first British India ship built for Eastern service to be fitted with radio . She was sunk in the Mediterranean during World War II . Construction and First World War . " Erinpura " was built by William Denny and Brothers , of Dumbarton and launched in 1911 . She was one of seven sisters built at four different shipyards for the Bay of Bengal / Singapore Straits Service , the group which was one of the most successful , profitable and long lasting groups in the history of British India . She was used as a troopship early in the First World War , carrying troops from Karachi to Marseilles , and then to Sanniya in Iraq . She ran aground while sailing up the river to Abadan on 24 December 1914 and sustained some damage , but was able to return to Bombay . She made several more trooping voyages until becoming a hospital ship in August 1915 , supporting the Indian Expeditionary Force with 475 beds and 104 medical staff . She served on the Basra - Bombay Service , and from November 1917 was used as an ambulance transport . Interwar . She ran aground again on 15 June 1919 , this time on the Mushejera Reef in the Red Sea . Her passengers and troops were taken off by and taken to Aden , but attempts to pull " Erinpura " off failed . It was eventually decided to cut the bow of the ship off , towing the stern to Aden , and leaving the bow stuck on the reef . A new bow was ordered from the original builders Dennys . The stern was towed to Bombay where the new bow section was fitted , and she returned to service in 1923 . Second World War . She was called up during the Munich Crisis in 1938 , and was requisitioned for the Liner Division in March 1940 . " Erinpura " was used as a troop transport in the Mediterranean , and in 1943 was the commodore ' s ship , under the command of Captain P . V . Cotter , in a Malta - bound convoy with three other British India ships , " Karoa " , " Egra " and " Rohna " , and twenty other merchantmen escorted by eleven warships . The convoy was attacked thirty miles north of Benghazi on 1 May 1943 by German bombers , with " Erinpura " being hit by a bomb in one of her holds . She sank within four minutes of being hit . Two junior engineers , 54 Indian seamen , three Gunners , 140 Palestinian Jewish soldiers serving in the 462 transport company of the British army , and 600 Basuto Pioneer Troops were lost with her . Memorial . There is a memorial on Mount Herzl to the 140 Jewish soldiers who drowned aboard the SS " Erinpura " . The monument is shaped like a ship containing a central pool , on the bottom of which are the names of the fallen . Above the pool is a turret adorned with the Hebrew text of Psalms 68 : 22 : " The Lord said , I will bring again from Bashan , I will bring my people again from the depths of the sea . " A memorial ceremony is held every year on Yom HaShoah .
Douglas O - 31 The O - 31 was Douglas Aircraft Company ' s first monoplane observation straight - wing aircraft used by the United States Army Air Corps . Development . Anxious to retain its position as chief supplier of observation aircraft to the USAAC , Douglas developed a proposal for a high - wing monoplane successor to the O - 2 . A contract was signed on January 7 , 1930 for two XO - 31 prototype aircraft , the first of them being flown in December of the same year . A fabric - covered gull - wing monoplane , the XO - 31 had a slim corrugated dural - wrapped fuselage , similar to the Thomas - Morse O - 19 , carrying a tandem arrangement of open cockpits for the pilot and observer . It had one Curtiss GIV - 1570 - FM Conqueror Vee engine and fixed landing gear with provision for large wheel fairings . The XO - 31 suffered from directional instability and experiments were made with various fin , auxiliary fins , and rudder shapes , in an effort to cure the problem . The second aircraft was completed as the YO - 31 , with a geared Curtiss V - 1570 - 7 Conqueror engine and an enlarged fin , 3 " longer cowling , and a two - blade , dextrorotatory propeller . Four YO - 31A aircraft delivered during early 1932 were modified radically with an elliptical wing planform , a new tail assembly , a smooth semimonocoque fuselage , three - blade propeller , and a canopy over the cockpits . The aircraft appeared with a variety of tail units , the final version ( five built ) designated O - 31A featured a very pointed fin with an inset rudder . The single YO - 31B was an unarmed staff transport and the sole YO - 31C converted from Y1O - 31A had cantilever main landing gear , and a ventral bulge in the fuselage , which enabled the observer to operate his single 0 . 3 - in ( 7 . 62 mm ) machine - gun more effectively from a standing position . Five Y1O - 31A service - test aircraft were ordered in 1931 , and delivered to the USAAC in early 1933 designated Y1O - 43 . They differed from the final configuration of the O - 31A , with a wire - braced parasol wing , and a new fin and rudder . ( See Douglas O - 43 )
Harvey armor Harvey armor was a type of steel armor developed in the early 1890s in which the front surfaces of the plates were case hardened . The method for doing this was known as the Harvey process . This type of armor was used in the construction of capital ship s until superseded by Krupp armor in the late 1890s . It was invented by the American engineer Hayward Augustus Harvey . Predecessors . Before the appearance of compound armor in the 1880s , armor plating was made from uniform homogenous iron or steel plates backed by several inches of teak to absorb the shock of projectile impact . Compound armor appeared in the mid - 1880s and was made from two different types of steel , a very hard but brittle high - carbon steel front plate backed by a more elastic low - carbon wrought iron plate . The front plate was intended to break up an incoming shell , while the rear plate would catch any splinters and hold the armor together if the brittle front plate shattered . Compound armor was made by pouring molten steel between a red - hot wrought iron backing plate and a hardened steel front plate to weld them together . This process produced a sharp transition between the properties of the two plates in a very small distance . As consequence , the two plates could separate when struck by a shell , and the rear plate was often not elastic enough to stop the splinters . With the discovery of nickel - steel alloys in 1889 , compound armor was rendered obsolete . Production process . Harvey armor used a single plate of steel , but re - introduced the benefits of compound armor . The front surface was converted to high carbon steel by " cementing " . In this process , the steel plate would be covered with charcoal and heated to approximately 1200 degrees Celsius for two to three weeks . The process increased the carbon content at the face to around 1 percent ; the carbon content decreasing gradually from this level with distance into the plate , reaching the original proportion ( approximately 0 . 1 – 0 . 2 percent ) at a depth of around an inch . After cementing , the plate was chilled first in an oil bath , then in a water bath , before being annealed to toughen the back of the plate . The water bath was later replaced with jets of water to prevent the formation of a layer of steam which would insulate the steel from the cooling effect of the water . The process was further improved by low temperature forging of the plate before the final heat treatment . While the American navy used nickel steel for Harvey armor ( roughly carbon 0 . 2 percent , manganese 0 . 6 percent , nickel 3 . 5 percent ) , the British used normal steels since their tests had shown that ordinary steel subjected to the Harvey process had the same resistance to penetration as nickel steel , although it was not quite so tough . Harvey armor was taken up by all of the major navies , since 13 inches of Harvey armor offered the same protection as 15 . 5 inches of nickel - steel armor . It was in turn rendered obsolete by the development of Krupp armor in the late 1890s .
Sergey Belavenets Sergey Belavenets ( ; 8 July 19107 March 1942 ) was a Soviet chess master , theoretician , and chess journalist of Belarusian descent . Early life . Belavenets was born in Smolensk to a noble family . He and Mikhail Yudovich , known as the Smolensk twins , had been close friends since meeting in a school match in 1925 . Over the next few years they studied with Belavenets ' s uncle , Konstantin Vygodchikov . Chess career . He took 4th in the 2nd Belarusian Championship in 1925 ( Solomon Rozental won ) , tied for 5 - 9th in the 11th Championship of Moscow in 1930 , tied for 1st - 3rd in the 13th Championship of Moscow in 1932 , took 4th in the 14th Championship of Moscow in 1933 / 34 , won at Moscow 1934 ( the 4th Russian Championship ) , took 3rd in the 15th Championship of Moscow in 1935 , tied for 3rd - 5th in the 16th Championship of Moscow in 1936 , shared 1st in the 17th Championship of Moscow 1937 . He tied for 1st - 2nd with Vasily Smyslov in the 18th Championship of Moscow in 1938 , tied for 6 - 7th in the 19th Championship of Moscow in 1939 / 40 , and took 2nd in the 20th Championship of Moscow in 1941 . Death . While fighting in the Soviet Army during the Second World War , Belavanets was killed in an action at Staraya Russa in 1942 . Since 1984 , international chess competitions " In Memoriam of S . V . Belavenets " have been held in Smolensk . His daughter Liudmila held the title of women ' s world correspondence chess champion from 1984 to 1992 .
Máire Ó Ciaragain Maire o Ciaragain was a female warlord from Armagh who led the Irish clans in open revolt against the English of The Pale , the Earldom of Leinster and the Earldom of Ulster in the 15th century . She may have had the support of the Earl of Desmond . She was probably the wife or daughter of the chief of Clan Kerrigan .
Abdul Qadir Baloch Lieutenant - General ( R ) Abdul Qadir Baloch ( Urdu , ) is a Pakistani politician and retired Pakistan Army general who served as the Governor of Balochistan in 2003 and is currently an elected parliamentarian in the National Assembly of Pakistan ( MNA ) from his constituency in Quetta . He is affiliated with the Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) ( PML - N ) political party . He holds the distinction of being the first ethnic Baloch army general in the Pakistani military . Earlier , he served as the Corps Commander of Quetta before retiring prematurely to take up the post of governor . During his army career , Baloch also commanded an infantry brigade in Muzaffarabad and remained a General Officer Commander ( GOC ) at Murree , while commanding troops positioned along the Line of Control in Azad Kashmir . He has spoken extensively on political affairs and issues concerning the Balochistan conflict in the province of Balochistan , where he originally hails from , and has been a long - standing advocate and campaigner for human rights across the country . In August 2011 , he was selected by his party chief Nawaz Sharif as the assistant secretaries - general of the PML - N .
First Battle of Talca First battle of Talca , also called the ' Taking of Talca ' occurred on 3 March 1814 , during the War of Chilean Independence . Background . The town of Talca , held by the Patriotic forces under the command of Carlos Spano , had sent a military force Juan Rafael Bascuñán to the aid of Bernardo O ' Higgins . This left the town relatively exposed , with only 300 men defending it . Gabino Gaínza , commanding the Royalist army had left a small force on the other side of the Maule river under the command of Ildefonso Elorreaga , but with orders not to attack Talca . Elorreaga , realising the Patriots ' true situation , seized the opportunity and crossed the river , surprising the Patriots guarding the crossing points . He then advanced on Talca . The Attack . At 0700 on 3 March , Elorreaga sent an ultimatum to Spano to surrender Talca within fifteen minutes , or face destruction . Spano concluded he might be able to hold out long enough for Bascuñán ' s force to return and defend the town ; sending an urgent message to Bascuñán , he arrayed all his forces , including his three artillery pieces , to defend the location . Elorreaga , knowing he had to take the town before Patriot reinforcements arrived , launched a ferocious attack . The fighting went on all morning , but by noon the Royalist forces had managed to take and position themselves on the roof of the house of Vicente de la Cruz Bahamondes ; a substantial and well positioned building , this enabled them to dominate the town . With this , the battle became a massacre . Spano was killed in the fighting and by the time Bascuñán arrived , the Royalists were in control of Talca . Aftermath . Bascuñán managed to save the money and materiel which Spano had sent with him originally , sending it to Curicó by the way of the coast . With the loss of Talca , O ' Higgins and Mackenna had lost their key supply base , with both commanders divided and now surrounded by the enemy .
John Holmes ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir John Holmes ( 1640 ? – 28 May 1683 ) was an English naval leader , younger brother of the more famous Admiral Robert Holmes . Holmes served in his brother ' s expedition to West Africa in 1663 - 1664 . At the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665 , and until June the following year , he commanded the " Paul " . He also fought in the St James ' s Day Battle , as captain of the 48 - gun " Bristol " . He was then promoted to command of a second - rate , " HMS Triumph " , of 64 guns . In 1670 - 1 he was in Vice Admiral Sir Edward Spragge ' s expedition against the corsairs of Algiers . He commanded the " Gloucester " ( 62 guns ) in the attack on the Dutch Smyrna fleet in 1672 , which opened the Third Anglo - Dutch War , capturing one of the Dutch ships though it sank almost immediately because of damage inflicted in the fight . He was knighted following this action , in which he was wounded , and appointed to command the 66 - gun HMS Rupert , in which he fought at the Battle of Solebay in 1672 , and a number of the battles of the following year ; at the First Battle of Schooneveld he was mentioned in dispatches . In 1673 he was promoted to flag rank , and in 1677 - 1679 was Commander - in - Chief of the fleet in the English Channel . Sir Robert Holmes had been appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight , and was willing to use the influence this gave him on his brother ' s behalf . In 1675 , Sir John was appointed Governor of Hurst Castle , and from 1677 to 1685 was Member of Parliament for UK Parliament constituency .
Brian Thacker Brian Miles Thacker ( born April 25 , 1945 ) is a former United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Thacker joined the Army from Salt Lake City , Utah in 1969 , and by March 31 , 1971 was serving as a First Lieutenant in Battery A of 1st Battalion , 92nd Field Artillery Regiment . On that day , Thacker ' s base in Kontum Province , Republic of Vietnam , was attacked by North Vietnamese Army forces . He assisted in the defense of the base and , when evacuation became necessary , he stayed behind to cover the retreat . Trapped behind enemy lines , Thacker was able to evade capture until being rescued by friendly forces eight days later . Medal of Honor citation . First Lieutenant Thacker ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . 1st Lt . Thacker , Field Artillery , Battery A , distinguished himself while serving as the team leader of an Integrated Observation System collocated with elements of 2 Army of the Republic of Vietnam units at Fire Base 6 . A numerically superior North Vietnamese Army force launched a well - planned , dawn attack on the small , isolated , hilltop fire base . Employing rockets , grenades , flame - throwers , and automatic weapons , the enemy forces penetrated the perimeter defenses and engaged the defenders in hand - to - hand combat . Throughout the morning and early afternoon , 1st Lt . Thacker rallied and encouraged the U . S . and Republic of Vietnam soldiers in heroic efforts to repulse the enemy . He occupied a dangerously exposed observation position for a period of 4 hours while directing friendly air strikes and artillery fire against the assaulting enemy forces . His personal bravery and inspired leadership enabled the outnumbered friendly forces to inflict a maximum of casualties on the attacking enemy forces and prevented the base from being overrun . By late afternoon , the situation had become untenable . 1st Lt . Thacker organized and directed the withdrawal of the remaining friendly forces . With complete disregard for his personal safety , he remained inside the perimeter alone to provide covering fire with his M - 16 rifle until all other friendly forces had escaped from the besieged fire base . Then , in an act of supreme courage , he called for friendly artillery fire on his own position to allow his comrades more time to withdraw safely from the area and , at the same time , inflict even greater casualties on the enemy forces . Although wounded and unable to escape from the area himself , he successfully eluded the enemy forces for 8 days until friendly forces regained control of the fire base . The extraordinary courage and selflessness displayed by 1st Lt . Thacker were an inspiration to his comrades and are in the highest traditions of the military service .