naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bernard Chacksfield Air Vice - Marshal Sir Bernard Albert Chacksfield KBE CB RAF ( 13 April 1913 – 27 December 1999 ) was a senior Royal Air Force officer in the 1950s and 1960s and later a chief commissioner of the The Scout Association and chairman of the Burma Star Association . Chacksfield joined the Royal Air Force in 1927 as an apprentice aircraft engineer at RAF Halton and later at RAF Cranwell . He was selected for flying training and gaining a commission as a Pilot Officer in 1933 . He served on the North West Frontier in 1933 as a Westland Wapiti pilot . By 1944 Chacksfield was in command of No . 910 Wing in Burma operating the Republic Thunderbolt fighter - bomber . By the end of the war he had been mentioned in dispatches four times . From 1945 he became an air officer and served in the Air Ministry and later with NATO . He served in a number of senior positions until finally becoming Commandant - General of the RAF Regiment in 1963 . Chacksfield retired in 1968 as an Air Vice - Marshal . With a longtime interest in the Scout movement he was appointed in 1970 as chief commissioner for the Scout Association later being awarded the movements highest award , the Silver Wolf in 1975 . In retirement he became chairman on the Burma Star Association until his death from cancer in 1999 .
Alexander Shishkov Alexander Semyonovich Shishkov ( ) ( - , Saint Petersburg ) was a Russia n statesman , writer , and admiral . Shishkov was notorious for his proto - Slavophile sentiments . His aversion to loans from other languages was much ridiculed in the liberal press . He was the President of the Russian Academy and People ' s Education Minister . Shishkov published " The Trilingual Naval Dictionary , " Russia ' s first dictionary of Russian and foreign naval terms . He was an influence on Prince Shirinsky - Shikhmatov and on the young Sergei Aksakov .
Agreed Minute The Agreed Minute was a statute governing the nature of the U . S . military presence in Iceland from 1994 to 2006 . In 1951 American troops returned to Iceland to form an Iceland Defense Force . As Iceland has had no standing military of its own since World War II , while Soviet threat heightened and thus requiring standing defences . After the Cold War ended , U . S . forces were constrained by the financial situation and were yearning to leave Iceland . While Icelandic politicians disagreed with such a move . Hence the Agreed Minute , signed in 1994 where both parties compromised and came to an understanding . The Agreed Minute was last renegotiated in 2001 . At the time , the U . S . Air Force committed itself to maintaining four to six interceptors at the Keflavík base , supported by a helicopter rescue squad . The Air Force , in order to cut costs , announced plans to remove the four remaining jets in 2003 . The removal was then delayed to address Icelandic demands for continued presence of the jets . After an unfruitful series of negotiations and two reshufflings of the Icelandic government the issue lay dormant until early 2006 when the U . S . Air Force issued an official statement that withdrawal of the aircraft was already being prepared . U . S . officials have since then argued that Iceland is in no need of U . S . military presence and the last remaining soldiers left Iceland during September 2006 .
Rothesay Stuart Wortley Major Rothesay Nicholas Montagu Stuart Wortley ( alias Rothesay Nicholas Montagu - Stuart - Wortley ) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . Stuart Wortley was educated at Eton and Oxford , winning an Honours in History . In the middle of 1914 , he joined the Hampshire Yeomanry . When war was declared , he served initially on an infantry brigade staff under his father , who was a brigadier general . From there , he was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps in early 1917 . He was assigned to 22 Squadron as a flight commander and Bristol F . 2 Fighter pilot . Between 6 September 1917 and 28 January 1918 , he set an Albatros D . V aflame , destroyed two others , drove down two other enemy airplanes , and captured an Albatros D . III . He was then rotated back to England to 44 Home Defence Squadron . In September 1918 , he was appointed to command 88 Squadron , back on the Western Front . Post war , he was a young adult aviation journalist until his death in the south of France from diabetes on 29 December 1926 . Honors and awards . Military Cross ( MC ) " Capt . Rothesay Nicholas Montagu - Stuart - Wortley , Yeo . , and R . F . C . For conspiciious gallantry and devotion to duty . On each of three occasions , when on offensive patrol , he has attacked and brought down in flames one enemy aeroplane , in addition to which he has sent down out of control three other hostile machines . He has displayed great courage and determination as a patrol leader . " References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Tharcisse Renzaho Tharcisse Renzaho ( born 1944 ) is a Rwandan soldier and former politician . He is best known for his alleged role in the Rwandan Genocide . Renzaho was born in the Gaseta sector of the Kigarama commune , in the Rwandan prefecture of Kibungo . He was educated as a military engineer in various academies in Germany , France and Belgium . After returning to Rwandan he rose to the rank of colonel in the Rwandan Armed Forces . In 1990 , he entered politics . An ethnic Hutu , he was a part of Juvénal Habyarimana ' s dominant MRND party . He became governor of the prefecture of Kigali , and president of the Civil Defence Committee for Kigali . According to the prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , Renzaho is alleged to have contributed to the genocide in numerous ways between 7 April and July 1994 , including exercising his authority to set up roadblocks for the interception and murder of Tutsi s , dismissing councillors who objected to the genocide , personally ordering the detainment and murder of Tutsis , equipping genocidaires with Kalashnikov rifles , and ordering the murder of the journalist André Kameya . Following the collapse of the interim government and the victory of the RPF , Renzaho fled to Zaire . He was arrested on 26 September 2002 in the Democratic Republic of Congo , and was turned over the ICTR on 29 September . On July 14 , 2009 the U . N . War Crimes Tibunal in Arusha , Tanzania sentenced Renzaho to life in prison . Renzaho ' s lawyer , Francois Cantier , says he plans to appeal the decision .
Asiatic - Pacific Campaign Medal The Asiatic - Pacific Campaign Medal is a military award of the Second World War . It was awarded to any member of the United States Military who served in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945 and was created on November 6 , 1942 by issued by President Franklin D . Roosevelt . The medal was designed by Thomas Hudson Jones . The reverse side was designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman and is the same design as used on the reverse of the European - African - Middle Eastern and American Campaign Medal s . There were 21 Army and 48 Navy / Marine official campaigns of the Pacific Theater , denoted on the service ribbon by campaign stars ; some construction battalion units issued the medal with Arabic numerals . The Arrowhead device is authorized for those campaigns which involved participation in amphibious assault landings . The Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia is also authorized for wear on the medal for sailors attached to the Marine Corps . The flag colors of Japan and the United States are visible in the ribbon . The Asiatic - Pacific Campaign Medal was first issued as a service ribbon in 1941 . A full medal was authorized in 1947 , the first of which was presented to General of the Army Douglas MacArthur . The European Theater equivalent of the medal was known as the European - African - Middle Eastern Campaign Medal . Army campaigns . Authorized Army military campaigns for the Pacific Theater are as follows : Navy campaigns . Authorized Navy military campaigns for the Pacific Theater are as follows : Other campaigns . For members of the military who did not receive campaign credit , but still served on active duty in the Pacific Theater , the following “ blanket ” campaigns are authorized for which the medal is awarded without service stars .
John Caffrey John Joseph Caffrey VC ( 23 October 1891 – 22 February 1953 ) , was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Caffrey left Ireland at an early age and settled in Nottingham , joining the army in 1910 . He was 24 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , York and Lancaster Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 16 November 1915 near La Brique , France , a man was badly wounded and lying in the open unable to move , in full view of and about 350 yards from the enemy ' s trenches . A corporal of the RAMC and Private Caffrey at once started to rescue him , but at the first attempt were driven back by shrapnel fire . They tried again and succeeded in reaching and bandaging the wounded man , but just as they were lifting him up , the RAMC corporal was shot in the head . Private Caffrey bandaged the corporal and helped him back to safety , and then returned and brought in the other wounded man . He later achieved the rank of Sergeant and served in the Home Guard in World War II . He died in Derby , England on 22 February 1953 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The York & Lancaster Regiment Museum in Rotherham , South Yorkshire , England . Further reading . Listed in order of publication year
SM UB - 76 SM " UB - 76 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 23 September 1917 as SM " UB - 76 " . " UB - 76 " was serving in the Training Flotilla . On 12 February 1919 she was surrendered in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany and broken up in Rochester in 1922 . Construction . She was built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction , launched at Hamburg on 5 May 1917 . " UB - 76 " was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 76 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 76 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 76 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
2nd Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 2nd Army ( German : " 2 . Armee Oberkommando " ) was a World War II field army . Combat Chronicle . The 2nd Army was activated on October 20 , 1939 with General Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs in command . First seeing service in France , the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans , before offensive operations in the Ukraine as part of Operation Barbarossa . In 1942 the II . Armee covers the northern wing of opération Fall Blau operating in the surroundings of Voronezh and suffered a major defeat during the soviet winter offensive that followed the battle of Stalingrad . In 1945 the army was redisgnated AOK Ostpreußen and was pivotal in the defence of East and West Prussia before finally surrendering on 9 May 1945 .
Frank Crowther Roberts Major - General Frank Crowther Roberts ( 2 June 1891 – 12 January 1982 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Roberts was educated at St . Lawrence College , Ramsgate and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , then commissioned into The Worcestershire Regiment in 1911 . He was 26 years old , and an acting lieutenant - colonel in the 1st Battalion , The Worcestershire Regiment , British Army , during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . During the period 22 March / 2 April 1918 west of Somme and at Pargny , France , Lieutenant Colonel Roberts showed exceptional military skill in dealing with the many very difficult situations of the retirement and amazing endurance and energy in inspiring all ranks under his command . On one occasion the enemy attacked a village and had practically cleared it of our troops when Colonel Roberts got together an improvised party and led a counter - attack which temporarily drove the enemy out of the village , thus covering the retirement of troops on their flanks . The success of this action was entirely due to his personal valour and skill . He became commander of the Poona Brigade of the British Indian Army in 1938 and briefly commanded the 48th ( South Midland ) Division in 1939 , retiring with the rank of major - general in December that year in the early months of the Second World War . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Worcestershire Regimental Collecion in the Worcester City Art Gallery & Museum , Worcester , Worcestershire , England .
Loudon Park National Cemetery Loudon Park National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Baltimore , Maryland . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , had 7 , 138 interments . It is currently closed to new interments , and is maintained by the Baltimore National Cemetery . The cemetery ' s civil war interments include about 2 , 300 union soldiers and 650 confederate soldiers . History . Loudon Park National Cemetery was originally established as a plot within the Loudon Park Cemetery . It was one of the 14 original National Cemeteries established under the National Cemetery Act on July 17 , 1862 . Most of the original interments were from area veteran hospitals . During the American Civil War , Fort McHenry was a prisoner of war camp , and the prisoners who died while incarcerated there were interred at Loudon Park National Cemetery . Land acquisitions in 1874 , 1875 , 1882 , 1883 and lastly in 1903 , brought the cemetery to its current size . Loudon Park National Cemetery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 .
USS Casco ( 1864 ) The first USS " Casco " was the first of a class of twenty 1 , 175 - ton light - draft monitors built by Atlantic Works , Boston , MA for the Union Navy during the American Civil War . Launch and refitting . Upon her launching in May 1864 , it was found that the design of these ships was seriously flawed . She was pronounced unseaworthy when nearly completed and on 25 June 1864 she was ordered to be converted to a torpedo vessel , without a turret or heavy guns . " Casco " was commissioned 4 December 1864 , Acting Master C . A . Crooker in command . John Ericsson developed the original design for the Casco class monitors , but Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers , the General Inspector of Ironclads , elaborated it . When bids were requested for the ships , Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Fox wrote to Ericsson to confirm that Stimers had arranged the details with Ericsson ’ s approval . Ericsson replied that he had been kept in the dark and that Stimers had “ frittered away ” Ericsson ’ s principles , but in March 1863 , Fox began to award contracts anyway . The vessels received another redesign in the aftermath of Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed attack on Charleston , SC , on 7 April 1863 . Twenty vessels were ordered without serious scrutiny of the design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers and his assistant Theodore Allen had failed to compensate properly for the weight his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the hull and a freeboard of only . In June 1864 , Stimers was removed from control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by nearly two feet and the first few completed vessels had their turrets removed and a single pivot - mount Dahlgren cannon mounted . These same few vessels had a retractable spar torpedo added as well . Potomac Flotilla . After completion of the additional yard work , " Casco " was towed to Hampton Roads in March 1865 . She assisted in the removal of mines in the James River which made possible the advance of naval forces to Richmond , VA . In mid - April she was transferred to the Potomac Flotilla , with whom she served until the end of May . " Casco " was decommissioned 10 June 1865 at Washington Navy Yard . In the widespread ship - renamings that took place in June 1869 , " Casco " was given the new name Hero . She saw no further active service , and she was broken up in April 1875 .
Oscar P . Austin Oscar Palmer Austin ( January 15 , 1949 – February 23 , 1969 ) was a United States Marine who posthumous ly received his nation ' s highest military honor — the Medal of Honor — for heroism and sacrifice of his own life in Vietnam in February 1969 . Early life and education . Austin was born on January 15 , 1949 , in Nacogdoches , Texas . He attended Booker T . Washington Elementary School in Phoenix , Arizona , and Phoenix Union High School . Career . Austin joined the United States Marine Corps in Phoenix , Arizona April 22 , 1968 and completed recruit training with the 3rd Recruit Training Battalion at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego , California , in July 1968 . He completed his individual combat training with Company T , 3rd Battalion , 2nd Infantry Training Regiment , Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , California , in August 1968 ; and basic infantry training with Weapons Company , Basic Infantry Training Battalion , 2nd Infantry Training Regiment at Camp Pendleton , in September . Promoted to private first class on October 1 , 1968 , he was transferred later that month to South Vietnam where he served as ammunitions man with Company E , 2nd Battalion , 7th Marines , 1st Marine Division . While participating in combat 6 ½ miles west of Da Nang on February 23 , 1969 , he was killed in action . During the early morning hours on February 23 , 1969 , PFC Austin ' s observation post came under a fierce ground attack by a large North Vietnamese Army force using a heavy volume of hand grenades , satchel charges and small arms fire . Observing that one of his wounded companions had fallen unconscious in a position dangerously exposed to hostile fire , Austin unhesitatingly left the relative security of his fighting hole and , with complete disregard for his own safety , raced across the fire swept terrain to drag the Marine to safety . As he neared his companion , he observed an enemy grenade land nearby . Leaping between the grenade and the injured Marine , Austin took the full force of the explosion himself . Although he was badly injured , Austin turned to help his fallen companion and saw a North Vietnamese soldier aiming a weapon at the unconscious man . With full knowledge of the probable consequences , Austin threw himself between the injured Marine and the hostile soldier . In doing so , he was mortally wounded . Awards and honors . Austin ' s medals include : Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS OSCAR P . AUSTIN UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION : / S / RICHARD M . NIXON
Hanriot HD . 8 The Hanriot HD . 8 was a short - lived French fighter prototype of the 1910s . Development . A single - seat fighter , it was largely designed to test the experimental Le Rhône 9R engine . It first flew in early 1918 , however was plagued by problems from the start , mainly due to its powerplant . As a result it was never submitted for official testing . The data below are based on Hanriot estimates .
7 . 5×54mm French The 7 . 5×54mm French MAS or 7 . 5 French cartridge was developed by France as an update to the 7 . 5×57mm MAS mod . 1924 cartridge . It replaced the obsolete 8 mm Lebel round used during World War I . In terms of power it is somewhat comparable to the 7 . 62×51mm NATO / . 308 Winchester round . The 7 . 5 French cartridge is somewhat similar to the slightly longer 7 . 5×55mm Swiss round but users should never try to interchange the two rounds . History & General Information . By World War I the French Army realized that it needed to update its once revolutionary , but now obsolete , 8 mm Lebel ammunition . Unfortunately due to the demands of mass production of the 8mm Lebel round during World War I it was not able to do so until after the war had ended . In 1924 , the 7 . 5×57mm MAS cartridge was introduced but was soon replaced with the slightly shorter 7 . 5×54mm MAS . Two main variations were manufactured for military use , the 1924C and 1924D , being light and heavy ball respectively . The French Army chose to adopt the light ball ammunition for service use in the MAS - 36 and MAS - 49 rifles as well as in the Mle 1924 - 29 machine rifle . The heavier Balle D was designed for machine gun usage . The military ordered the manufacture of armor piercing , tracers , incendiary , training , and other types of 7 . 5 mm MAS ammunition . The round is still classified in France as war material . While this ammunition tends to be scarce in the United States and is also corrosive and Berdan - primed , reloadable Boxer - primed cartridge cases can be produced by reforming 6 . 5×55mm Swedish Mauser brass . More recently , the ammunition manufacturer Prvi Partizan has brought onto the U . S . market a freshly manufactured French MAS 7 . 5mm ammunition that is non - corrosive .
Sleipner - class corvette The " Sleipner " - class corvette was a part of the Royal Norwegian Navy ' s 1960 fleet plan . It was intended to build five ships of the class , but because of economic problems only two were built ; and . " Sleipner " was built by Nylands Mekaniske Verksted , Oslo , and " Æger " by Aker Mekaniske Verksted , Oslo , and handed over to the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1965 – 1967 . The ships were armed with an American gun forward and a Bofors 40 mm gun aft , with a Terne III anti - submarine rocket launcher ahead of the 40 mm gun . The ships were fitted with American SQS - 36 sonar . The ships had their anti - submarine capabilities improved in 1972 , when they were fitted with Mark 32 anti - submarine torpedo tubes . The ships were mainly used as training ships in the 1980s , although they did retain a wartime role as coastal escorts . They were again modernised between 1988 and 1989 , with new sonar and gun fire control systems fitted . They were decommissioned in 1993 .
Siege of Sardis ( 547 BC ) In the Siege of Sardis ( 547 BC ) , the last decisive conflict after the Battle of Thymbra , which was fought between the forces of Croesus of Lydia and Cyrus the Great , Cyrus followed Croesus to his city . He laid siege to it for 14 days , and then captured it . The siege was to be known as the final event before Lydia was officially annexed by the Achaemenid Empire . The Ionians and other Asiatic Greeks revolted against Cyrus , and the revolt was finally put down by his best commander Harpagus the Mede in 542 BC .