naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bombing of Katyr - Yurt The reported bombing of Katyr - Yurt ( Chechnya ) occurred on February 4 , 2000 , when Russia n forces bombed the village of Katyr - Yurt and a refugee convoy under white flag s in an attempt to stop the breakout of the Chechen separatist forces from Grozny ( or so claimed Russia ) , killing or injuring hundreds of people . The village was also previously bombed by the Russians in 1995 and in 1996 . Events . A special operation was planned and executed by the federal military commanders to entice rebel forces from besieged Grozny . That plan involved leading the Chechen separatist fighters to believe that a safe exit would be possible out of the city to the mountains in the south of Chechnya . On February 2 , 2000 , they were allowed to leave the city and were then caught in minefield s and attacked by federal artillery and the air force . Fleeing the ambush , a large group of armed fighters arrived in Katyr - Yurt . Journalists who managed to report on the area confirmed the use , by the Russians , of the vacuum bomb on the town . Vacuum bombs are dropped by parachute , and , when a couple of meters from the ground , release a cloud of petrol gas . The gas then reacts with the air , causing an explosion and then a vacuum , sucking away oxygen from living people , thus killing them . They are banned by the Geneva Conventions . The residents , including many civilian refugees who had fled the fighting Grozny , were not warned in advance or told of safe exit routes by the Russian side . The sudden heavy bombardment of the village began in the early hours of the morning and subsided at approximately 3 p . m . At that time , many of the villagers attempted to leave , believing that the military had granted a safe passage out of the village . As they were leaving by road , planes appeared and bombed the cars . The final atrocity came in the afternoon of February 4 . The Russians told the Chechens they would be able to leave in a convoy of buses with white flags attached . The convoy which the Russians themselves dispatched for the Chechens was then bombed by the Russians . Ultimately , the bombing lasted for two days and resulted in the deaths of at least 170 civilians ( some 363 according to one estimate ) , all of them formally citizens of Russia . Many more were injured . ECHR judgment . In the February 24 , 2005 ruling , the European Court of Human Rights ( ECHR ) held Russia responsible for the civilian deaths in Katyr - Yurt :
USS Eisner ( DE - 192 ) USS Eisner ( DE - 192 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided escort service against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . " Eisner " was named in honor of Jacques Rodney Eisner who was killed in action during the Battle of Guadalcanal on 13 November 1942 while serving in . The ship was launched on 12 December 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co . , Kearny , New Jersey ; sponsored by Mrs . Lester Eisner , Jr . , sister - in - law of Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Eisner ; and commissioned on 1 January 1944 , Lieutenant Commander D . McVickar , USNR , in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . On 15 February 1944 " Eisner " became the flagship for Commander , Escort Division 55 . After escorting a convoy to Galveston , Texas , and back to Norfolk , Virginia , " Eisner " was assigned to Task Force TF 63 for transatlantic escort duty . She made two voyages to the Mediterranean , then five to British and French ports , guarding the supply line indispensable to the advancing troops in Europe . Transfer to Pacific Theatre operations . " Eisner " sailed from New York on 9 June 1945 for Eniwetok the day after European hostilities ended . She escorted convoys between Eniwetok and Ulithi , then screened to Wake Island with forces to repossess the island . She continued patrol and escort duty out of Eniwetok until 15 December 1945 , then sailed home . End - of - War Decommissioning . She was placed out of commission in reserve at Mayport , Florida , on 5 July 1946 . On 1 March 1951 she was transferred to the Netherlands under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program , and served as HNMS " De Zeeuw " ( F - 810 ) . She was returned to the United States Navy on 15 December 1967 , and then sold for scrapping in February 1968 .
Joseph S . Labill Joseph S . Labill ( 1837 – 1911 ) was a Private in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the American Civil War . He is buried in South Hill Cemetery Vandalia , Illinois . His grave can be located in the Catholic Section , Block 15 , Lot 7 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company C , 6th Missouri Infantry . Place and date : At Vicksburg , Miss . , May 22 , 1863 . Entered service at : Vandalia , Ill . Birth : France . Date of issue : August 14 , 1894 . Citation : Gallantry in the charge of the " volunteer storming party . "
Fort Neuf de Vincennes The Fort Neuf de Vincennes ( " New Vincennes Fort " ) is a fortification built on the grounds of the Château de Vincennes , on the east side of Paris . While the old chateau had been a significant fortification in its time , by 1840 there was a need for a modern fort at that location , capable of using and defending itself against artillery fire . A new bastioned fort was built to the east of the historic chateau . Function . The fort remains the property of the Ministry of Defense , supporting a variety of Army activities . Public access is restricted . The fort houses the military archives of the Army , Navy and Air Force . The nearby chateau is a museum . History . Built between 1841 and 1844 , the Fort Neuf is one of seventeen forts built as part of the Thiers Wall fortifications for the defense of the capital . During the Siege of Paris ( 1870 – 1871 ) the fort was the headquarters for General Ribourt , in command of the area around Vincennes . The fort was the scene of the trials of Jean Bastien - Thiry and the other conspirators in the 1962 attempt of the life of President Charles de Gaulle , in which Bastien - Thiry was condemned to death by firing squad .
Army Staff Identification Badge The Army Staff Identification Badge is a badge of the United States Army worn by personnel who serve at the Office of the Secretary of the Army and the Army Staff at Headquarters , Department of the Army ( HQDA ) and its agencies . Neither an award nor a decoration , the badge is a distinguishing emblem of service . Initially issued as a temporary badge , officers and enlisted personnel demonstrating outstanding performance of duty and meeting all eligibility requirements can be processed after one complete year ( 365 days cumulative ) of assignment and receive a certificate authorizing permanent wear of the badge . General Douglas MacArthur first proposed an Army General Staff Badge in 1931 , but it was not until 1933 that the United States War Department authorized it . The badge has remained unchanged in appearance since it was first created , but the name was changed in 1982 from the " Army General Staff Identification Badge " to the " Army Staff Identification Badge " , and the eligibility criteria have evolved . On a United States Army uniform , the Army Staff Identification Badge is worn centered on the right breast pocket ; however , per ALARACT 203 / 2010 wear of the Army Staff Identification Badge is authorized on the left breast pocket when worn in conjunction with a deployment CSIB ( Combat Service Identification Badge ) A similar Army Staff Lapel Pin is authorized for civilian employees of the Department of the Army , regardless of grade , who fill an eligible position in an HQDA agency for no less than one year .
St . Patrick ' s Military Academy St . Patrick ' s Military Academy was a Catholic military school in Harriman , New York . It was run by the Pallottine Sisters and closed in 1986 . History . St . Patrick ' s offered classes from the 3rd to 8th grade . Since 1945 most of the all male students were boarders . There were a few day students , male and females , from local towns . St . Patrick ' s Military Academy was not closed by Mother Mary Victoria , Principal , but by the sound decision made by the Pallottine Order of Sisters , possibly due to financial issues . The last day of school was in June 1988 . Campus . Following the school ' s closure , the crosses on top of both buildings were removed . The facilities were later rented to the Monroe - Woodbury Central School District and much later other schools and organizations . Extracurricular activities . In dress uniforms modeled on those of West Point cadets , the school marched in the St . Patrick ' s and Columbus Day parades in New York City . The school glee club performed at the Port Authority and Rockefeller Center skating rink during the Christmas holidays . As a young student from Brooklyn , 1959 to 1961 , St . Patricks also had a marching band and orhcastra witch traveled to various locations to bring music to the elderly and sick . One place I remember was Mount Carmel home . I also marched in different parades and sang at the Port Authority and Rockefeller Center . I do miss those days , Eddie V . . References . Cadets Chior also performed at the World ' s Fair in New York City
Hida - class patrol vessel Hida class patrol vessel is a class of patrol vessel within the PL series ( Large patrol vessel ) of the Japan Coast Guard . The class name " Hida " is named after Hida Mountains , the northernmost mountain range of the Japanese Alps , a famous mountain range in Japan . This class is one of the more modern patrol vessel classes designed to intercept spy boats of the DPRK . These classes are referred to as " High - speed , high - functionality patrol vessel , large " ( ) . The vessels carry a Bofors 40 mm L / 70 autocannon with a laser - optical fire - control system , and are able to safely deal with heavily armed spy boats of the DPRK which intrude into Japanese waters . The hull of this class is bulletproof in cases of close - range firefights using small arms . Ships of this class are among the leading vessels of flotillas intended for spy boat interception . With the helicopter deck of this class , the Special Security Team can arrive at the scene with Eurocopter EC225 helicopters . The broadband SATCOM system of this class can relay video data from helicopters to the ground station or the HQ of the JCG . This class is equipped with the LIDAR system to acquire targets with high accuracy , and at the same time , this system enables them to perform search and rescue mission more safely .
Advance airfield Advance airfield and forward airfield are military terms for a relatively primitive airfield used for refueling and re - arming air units as part of forward operations near the enemy . Also called advanced airfield for its advanced position , not advanced facilities , such an airfield typically does not carry full aircraft maintenance and service units , and lacks the comfort and security of a major air base . Advance airfields may be subject to enemy observation and attack . They may be expected to change hands after a battle . The advantages of using advance airfields are various . Air raids can penetrate deeper into enemy - held territory , surprising the enemy with unexpected range . Air units stationed nearer the front can respond more quickly to the needs of friendly land and naval units . Damaged aircraft can land at the advance airfield to save those aboard , and possibly the aircraft . Wounded personnel can be brought to the advance airfield to be evacuated for more complete hospital care at the rear . Shorter - range aircraft such as fighters can stage from an advance airfield to escort longer - range bomber s in formation .
Ghadir - class submarine Ghadir ( ) is a class of midget submarines built by Iran specifically for cruising within the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf . It is named after Ghadir Khumm , a holy place to Shia Muslims . It ' s based on the North Korean Yono class submarine . On 24 November 2007 Iranian rear - admiral Habibollah Sayyari announced : " A home - made destroyer called Jamaran and a home - made submarine of " Ghadir " class will launch operation on November 28 . " He also said that the submarine is equipped with the latest military and technological equipment and that its capabilities are equal to that of foreign types . Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei was quoted saying : " Today , you have been able to design and build many of the military requirements . We have become self - sufficient from other countries . " to Iran ' s navy commanders on the day the submarine was launched . New Ghadir submarines were delivered to the Iranian navy on June 2009 , August 2010 , August 2011 , November 2011 , February 2012 and November 2012 . While Ghadir resembles the North Korean Yono class submarine , it is probably better described as a littoral submarine . The Ghadir class submarines are capable of firing the Hoot supercavitating rocket torpedoes . Submarines in the class . There are 21 Ghadir - class minisubs in service with the Iranian Navy .
Canon de 105 L mle 1936 Schneider The Canon de 105 L modèle 1936 Schneider was a field gun used by France in World War II . 159 were in service in 1939 . Captured examples in World War II were placed into German service as the 10 . 5 cm schwere Kanone 332 ( f ) where they mainly served on coast defense duties . It was built in two versions , one with steel wheels and pneumatic tires for tractor towing and the other with wooden spoked wheels for horse towing . A total of 159 were in service by 1939 .
Malcolm Pledger Air Chief Marshal Sir Malcolm David Pledger KCB ( born 24 July 1948 ) is a retired Royal Air Force officer . RAF career . Pledger was educated at Heywood Grammar School ( became part of a comprehensive in 1968 and is now Siddal Moor Sports College ) and Newcastle University where he read Chemistry . Pledger then attended the RAF College , Cranwell where he completed his initial officer training . After basic flying training Pledger ' s flying career was on helicopters . He was appointed Officer Commanding No . 28 Squadron in 1978 and then commanded No . 240 Operational Conversion Unit before taking part in the Falklands War and commanding No . 28 Squadron . He became Station Commander of RAF Shawbury in 1990 before being appointed Air Officer Plans at Headquarters RAF Strike Command in 1994 . He went on to be Chief of Staff at RAF Logistics Command in 1997 , Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at Logistics Command in April 1999 and Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Personnel ) in September 1999 . He was Chief of Defence Logistics from 2002 to 2005 . Family . He married Betty Kershaw ; they have two sons .
Gerber Mark II The Gerber Mark II is a fighting knife manufactured by Gerber Legendary Blades from 1967 to 2000 , with an additional limited run of 1500 in 2002 , and full production resuming as of July 2008 . It was designed by retired Army Captain Bud Holzman , who based the pattern off a Roman " Mainz Gladius " . It has a double - edged spear - point wasp - waisted blade , and used a distinctive handle similar to that of the Fairbairn - Sykes Fighting Knife developed during World War II for the British Commandos . The Mark II was commonly carried by U . S . troops in the Vietnam War , and was second only to the Ka - Bar knife in fame . The MK II was the suggested blade in Paladin Press ' s controversial how - to book , " " . During the Vietnam war , the first production run of this knife had a 5 - degree offset between the blade and the grip in order to ride in the sheath more comfortably and give the user a grip similar to that of a fencing foil . This design feature lead to a significant amount of knives being returned by users for having a " bent blade " , so Gerber discontinued that element on subsequent production runs . In the 1970s , the military ' s base / post exchanges discontinued selling these knives , reasoning that they were " not in good taste " or " too brutal " . Al Mar , then working for Gerber as a knife designer , added the sawtooth serrations toward the hilt , marketing the knife as a " survival aid " , making it more appealing to the PX System , which resumed selling the Mark II as a survival knife , rather than a fighting knife . Gerber manufactured a scaled down version of the Mark II known as the Mark I . The Mark I had a 4 3 / 4 " long blade and was marketed as a boot knife .
F . S . Bell Captain Frederick Secker Bell CB ( 17 August 1897 – 23 November 1973 ) of the Royal Navy was the commander of during the Battle of the River Plate in December 1939 . He was educated at Matfield Grange , Kent and the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth . He served afloat in the battleship at the Battle of Jutland and as executive officer of from 1935 – 38 and was promoted captain on 31 December 1938 . He took command of in August 1939 . " Exeter ' s " six eight - inch guns were mainly responsible for seriously damaging the in the Battle of the River Plate in December 1939 . In this battle , " Exeter " also incurred severe damage from seven hits by eleven - inch shells and suffered 61 killed and 23 wounded . One salvo from the " Graf Spee " did a great deal of damage to the wheelhouse and killed all but three of the officers in it . Bell survived with minor injuries and he ordered that the remaining turrets should continue firing on the enemy . As damage control parties battled fires and flooding , Bell used a compass from one of the lifeboats , and commanded the ship by means of commands passed along a chain of men to the lower steering compartment where a team of men struggled with a wheel that was directly connected to the rudder . After all Exeter ' s guns had been put out of action but still seaworthy , Bell planned to collide with the enemy , saying " I ' m going to ram the - - - - - - - - . It will be the end of us but it will sink him too " . However the " Admiral Graf Spee " turned to confront the other two cruisers and Bell was ordered to withdraw for repairs at the Falkland Islands . The Captain , 8 officers and 79 members of the crew were given the Freedom of the City of Exeter on 29 February 1940 , and were welcomed by a crowd of 50 , 000 cheering residents . The crew marched through the streets with fixed bayonets , carrying HMS " Exeter ' s " shell - torn White Ensign through the streets . Bell also commanded in 1945 and retired from the Navy owing to ill health on 8 January 1948 . In the 1956 film " The Battle of the River Plate " , Bell was played by John Gregson . During the film Bell ' s nickname of ' Hookie ' , because of his distinctive nose , is used .
Mitsubishi F - 2A Viper Zero The Mitsubishi F - 2 Fighter ( 三菱F - 2戦闘機 , " Mitsubishi F - 2 sentou - ki " ) is a Strike fighter manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries ( MHI ) and Lockheed Martin for the Japan Air Self - Defense Force , with a 60 / 40 split in manufacturing between Japan and the USA . Production started in 1996 and the first aircraft entered service in 2000 . By 2008 , the first 76 aircraft are expected to be in service , with a total of 94 airframes under contract . In FY2005 , Ministry of Defense changed the category from Support Fighter to Fighter . Description . The F - 2 is a Japanese domestically developed 4 . 5 generation fighter based on the F - 16 airframe , but with a 25 % larger wing and reshaped tail faring . It is designed to replace the F - 1 in Japanese service . Though fully - capable of air - to - air combat , the F - 2 is optimized for ground attack and maritime shipping patrol . Using an advanced avionics suite developed by Mitsubishi and a new actively - scanned array radar , the F - 2 has excellent air and ground tracking ability , with the capability to fire a multitude of ranged surface - attack weapons . Overall performance is similar to the Block 50 / 52 F - 16C Fighting Falcon , albeit the installation of an uprated F110 turbofan engine . Unique about the fighter is the allowance of certain radar - absorbent materials applied to the leading - edges of the aircraft . 141 were planned to be ordered by the Japan Air Self - Defense Force , however due to cost - efficiency , suffered severe cutbacks to about 100 aircraft , due to the aircraft ' s 108 million dollar price tag .
Mirabello - class destroyer The " Mirabello " class were a group of 3 destroyers built for the Regia Marina during World War I . The ships were designed as scout cruiser s ( " esploratori " ) , essentially enlarged versions of contemporary destroyers . All ships were built by Ansaldo in Genoa . Three ships were built but one was lost to a mine in the Black Sea in 1920 , during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War . The remaining two ships , obsolescent by 1938 , were re - rated as destroyers and fought in World War II . The " Riboty " was reconfigured as a convoy escort . The torpedo tubes were removed and depth charges and 20mm anti - aircraft guns added .
Subic Bay Subic Bay is a bay on the west coast of the island of Luzon in Zambales , Philippines , about northwest of Manila Bay . It is an extension of the South China Sea , and its shores were formerly the site of a major United States Navy facility named U . S . Naval Base Subic Bay , it is now the location of an industrial and commercial area known as the Subic Bay Freeport Zone under the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority . The bay was long recognized for its deep and protected waters , but development was slow due to lack of level terrain around the bay . History . In 1542 , Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo sailed into Subic Bay but no port developed there because the main Spanish naval base would be established in the nearby Manila Bay . When the British captured this base in 1862 , the Spanish were forced to find an alternate location and Subic Bay was found to be a strategic and superb port location . In 1884 , King Alfonso XII of Spain decreed that Subic was to become " a naval port and the property appertaining thereto set aside for naval purposes . " In 1899 during the Philippine – American War , the Americans captured the Spanish base and controlled the bay until 1991 . During this period , the naval facilities were greatly built up and expanded , including a new naval air station ( Naval Air Station Cubi Point ) that was built in the early 1950s by slicing the top half from a mountain and moving the soil to reclaim a part of Subic Bay . In 1979 , the area under American control was reduced from to when the Philippines claimed sovereign rule over the base . Following the destruction of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption , the Americans closed the base , and the area was transformed into the Subic Bay Freeport Zone . In 2012 , controversy arose when a Malaysian shipping firm was accused of dumping toxic waste into Subic Bay . MT " Glenn Guardian " , one of the vessels owned by the firm , had collected some of domestic waste and about of bilge water from USS " Emory Land " , an American Navy ship . Since the Malaysian firm was under contract by the US Navy , this incident reignited anti - American sentiments in the Philippines . Shipwrecks of Subic Bay . The majority of the wrecks in Subic Bay are a result of either the Spanish – American War in 1898 or of World War II , where a number of Japan ese vessels were sunk by American aircraft .