naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Victor Oehrn Victor Oehrn ( 21 October 1907 — 26 December 1997 ) was a " Fregattenkapitän " with the " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . He commanded the U - boat s and , sinking twenty - four ships on four patrols , for a total of 104 , 846 tons of Allied shipping , to stand 28th on the list of highest scoring U - Boat ace s of World War II . Career . Oehrn joined the " Reichsmarine " in 1927 , serving aboard the light cruiser s and , before being one of the first officers to transfer to the newly formed U - boat arm in July 1935 . He was appointed to command of in January 1936 , and patrolled in Spanish waters during the Civil War in July – September 1936 . In August 1939 he joined the staff of BdU as an " Admiralstabsoffizier " . In May 1940 Oehrn took command of , in order to restore trust in the G7e / T2 torpedo , which had performed abysmally , often detonating prematurely or not at all . In four patrols he sank 23 merchant ships for a total of 103 , 821 GRT , damaged another of 9 , 494 GRT , and sank the British sloop , before returning to the staff in August . From November 1941 Oehrn served on the Mediterranean U - boat staff , but during a mission to North Africa in July 1942 , he was severely wounded and captured . After recovering at a British Military Hospital in Alexandria , Oehrn was sent to POW Camp 306 on the Suez Canal . He returned to Germany in October 1943 after being released in a prisoner exchange . Oehrn spent the remainder of the war serving on the staff in a number of posts . Summary of career . Ships attacked . As a U - boat commander of Victor is credited with the sinking of 23 ships for a total of , further damaging a ship of and sinking one warship , the HMS " Penzance " , of .
Staff College , Camberley Staff College , Camberley , Surrey , was a staff college for the British Army from 1802 to 1997 , with periods of closure during major wars . In 1997 it was merged into the new Joint Services Command and Staff College . Origins . In 1799 Colonel John Le Marchant , 7th Hussars , submitted a proposal to the Commander - in - Chief of the British Army for a Royal Military College in three departments . A private officer training school , based on the idea of a senior or staff department in the proposed college was opened in the same year by Colonel Le Marchant , at the Antelope Inn , High Wycombe , with himself as Commandant . This was officially recognised by royal warrant in 1801 as the senior department of the Royal Military College which was to open in 1802 in Marlow . Le Marchant now assumed the office of Lieutenant - Governor and Superintendent - General . The course , for which students were to pay until 1858 , lasted two years . The role was specifically stated in 1808 as being to train future commanding officers as well as staff officers . The senior department moved to Fareham in Surrey in 1813 and to the Royal Military College buildings at Sandhurst in 1820 . Decline , independence and subsequent growth . The College underwent a decline and by 1857 the annual admissions had fallen to just six . In 1858 the name was changed to " the Staff College " and it was made independent of the Royal Military College in 1870 . It now had its own Commandant and Adjutant , although continued to be administered by Sandhurst until 1911 . However it now had properly conducted entry and final examinations , and primarily military subjects were taught . Purpose - built dedicated premises were approved in 1858 , and built between 1859 and 1863 to a design by James Pennethorne , adjacent to the Royal Military College ( but over the county boundary in Camberley ) . During the 1870s there were just 40 students although numbers increased to 60 students in the 1880s . In 1903 officers of the Colonial forces first joined the college and in 1905 naval officers were first introduced . The College was completely restructured in 1938 , with a junior wing at Camberley , for officers of an average age of 29 years , and a senior wing at Minley Manor , Farnborough , for graduates of the former aged about 35 years . In 1994 it was announced that a new Joint Services Command and Staff College would replace the Staff College , the Royal Naval Staff College , RAF Staff College , and Joint Service Defence College in 1997 . Commandants . Commandants since the College gained its independence in 1870 have been : < br > Commandant , Staff College , Sandhurst Commandant , Staff College , Camberley
Bai Wanxiang Bai Wanxiang ( , Pai Wan - hsiang 1920 – 2004 ) was Director of the Kuomintang ' s ( KMT ) overseas secret police , the so - called Mainland Operations Office ( 陸工會 , Lu Gonghui ) , from 1979 to 1986 . Bai is chiefly remembered as the person suspected of master - minding the assassinations of Taiwan pro - democracy dissidents such as Henry Liu ( 劉宜良 ) by KMT secret police . Bai is also known to have attempted to have Hsu Hsin - liang ( 許信良 ) assassinated by Kung Fu star Jimmy Wang Yu ( 王羽 ) during the 1980s . Life and career . In China , in 1939 Bai joined the Kuomintang ' s Three Principles of the People Youth Brigades and rose to the position of Branch Leader . After joining the army he worked in various capacities as an intelligence officer . In the Mainland Operations Office , Bai oversaw parts of the crackdown on dissidents in Taiwan and abroad after the Kaohsiung Incident . He died in the United States in 2004 .
HMS H23 HMS " H23 " was a British H class submarine built by Vickers Limited , Barrow - in - Furness as part of the Batch 3 H class submarine . She was laid down on 3 March 1918 and was commissioned on 25 May 1918 . HMS " H23 " was sold on 4 May 1934 in Sunderland .
Kosmos 1596 Kosmos 1596 ( meaning " Cosmos 1596 " ) is a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1596 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 19 : 13 UTC on 7 September 1984 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1984 - 096A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 15267 .
French ship Ville de Paris Four ships of the French Navy have born the name Ville de Paris , in honour of the city of Paris : Also the ship of the line of the Royal Navy HMS " Ville de Paris " , launched in 1795 , was named in honour of the " Ville de Paris " of 1764 .
Two - section staff The two section staff ( Chang Xiao Bang - 長小棒 ; literally : " long / short pole " ) is a versatile weapon which originated in China from the ancient Shaolin temple and Shaolin martial arts . It is a flail - type weapon which consists of a longish staff with a shorter rod attached by a chain , to serve as a cudgel .
Duncan Lewin Captain Duncan Lewin CB CBE DSO DSC * was a British naval aviator who was involved in the Battle of the River Plate and attacks on the German battleship " Tirpitz " , and was an aircraft carrier commander during the Korean War . Lewin was born Edgar Duncan Goodenough Lewin in Farnham , Surrey on 9 August 1912 . Lewin was a pilot on HMS " Ajax " during the Battle of the River Plate , where he reported on the movements of the " Graf Spee " , for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . He later took part in attacks on the German battleship " Tirpitz " before later in the war moving to the Far East . He was Commander of the aircraft carrier during the Korean War and later commanded HMS " Eagle " before he became Director of Plans at the Admiralty before retiring from the Navy in 1957 . He became managing director of Blackburn Aircraft Limited before moving to Hawker Siddeley as a sales director . He became managing director of Hawker Siddeley between 1971 and 1977 .
Battle of Stavuchany The Battle of Stavuchany was a battle between the Russian and Ottoman armies , which took place on August 17 ( 28 ) of 1739 during the Russo - Turkish War of 1735 - 1739 . Stavuchany ( Ставучаны ) is a small village some 12 km southwest of Khotyn ( today ' s Chernivtsi Oblast in Ukraine ) . The Russian army ( approx . 61 , 000 men and 250 cannon s ) under the command of Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Munnich approached Stavuchany , where the Ottoman army ( 80 , 000 to 90 , 000 men ) under the leadership of serasker Veli - pasha occupied fortified heights . The Ottoman commander attempted to surround the Russian troops , but Munnich was able to repel numerous enemy attacks from flanks and rear . The Russians managed to distract the Ottomans by their " window - dressing " activities on the left flank and then attacked the central positions of the Ottoman army with main forces , and captured . The Russian army captured some 50 cannons and other trophies . The Ottoman army lost up to a 1 , 000 men dead , the Russians lost 13 . As a result of the Battle of Stavuchany , the Ottoman fortress of Khotyn was captured on August 19 ( 30 ) and the Russians occupied most of the Wallachia in September . Despite the victory , Russia had to agree to the terms of the Treaty of Belgrade ( September 18 ( 29 ) , 1739 ) due to Austria ' s withdrawal from the war , which practically reduced the achievements of the Russian army to zero . References . Template : Portal ( view source ) ( protected )
Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar Lieutenant - General Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar ( 1947 – January 6 , 2006 ) was a Brazilian soldier . He was born in Bagé in the state of Rio Grande do Sul . He served for 39 years in the Brazilian Army and eventually rose to the rank of Lieutenant - General . He was married and had two children . On September 1 , 2005 he was selected to lead the military contingent of MINUSTAH , the UN peacekeeping force in Haiti , replacing his fellow Brazilian , Lieutenant - General Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira . Graduated at the Agulhas Negras Military Academy , he was a decorated officer . Having a great career , he was also a teacher at AMAN . He was nominated to lead the UN mission MINUSTAH in Haiti . On January 7 , 2006 General Bacellar was found dead , fallen from a chair on the balcony of his hotel room in Port - au - Prince . State news agency Agência Brasil said Lt . Gen . Urano Teixeira Da Matta Bacellar was the victim of " a firearms accident " . Later that day , UN and Brazilian officials said that he appeared to have shot himself in the head , several days after national elections had been postponed for a fourth time . Bacellar was also a teacher of geography and of Brazilian Studies in military schools . He was 58 years old . An autopsy was also performed , to determine the exact cause of death and the calibre of the weapon that killed him . On January 12 , 2006 , both the UN and the Brazilian government announced suicide as the official cause of death . On January 2011 , Diplomatic cables from 2005 and 2006 released by Wikileaks in the United States diplomatic cables leak , revealed that Dominican Republic President Leonel Fernández suspected Bacellar had been assassinated by a group of contras led by Guy Philippe , a former soldier and police chief and an Haitian anti - Aristide " rebel " leader that had been armed by the USA . The same cables also reveal that the contras , accordingly to President Fernandez , had the mandate of creating chaos in Haiti and had even killed a Canadian and a Jordanian MINUSTAH member in the past and that the killing could have been a response to Bacellar ' s reluctancy in using force in Haiti ' s shanty town Cité Soleil regardless pressure from Washington and a pressure campaign by Chamber of Commerce head Reginald Boulos and André Apaid , the later a sweatshop king in Haiti and both main figures in the civic front named Group 184 that played a main role in ousting President Aristide in the 2004 coup . His position as leader of the military contingent of MINUSTAH was temporarily filled by Chilean General Eduardo Aldunate Herman . On January 17 , 2006 , it was announced that Brazilian General Jose Elito Carvalho de Siqueira would be the permanent replacement for Bacellar as the head of the United Nations ' Haiti military force . His body was returned to Brasília to burial with full military honours in Rio de Janeiro .
Zhang Guohua Zhang Guohua ( ; October 1914 － February 21 , 1972 ) was a Chinese general and a politician , serving during the Invasion of Tibet and the Sino - Indian War and later as a Communist Party secretary for the Tibet Autonomous Region . Biography . Zhang Guohua was born in Yongxin , Jiangxi in 1914 . He joined the Communist Party of China in 1931 . Career . Tibet campaign . As commander of the Southwest Eighteenth Army Corps of the People ' s Liberation Army , he led the main attack force in the 1950 Qamdo campaign against Tibetan forces . Zhang was chosen for his special knowledge of Tibetan culture ; Mao Zedong did not want to alienate the Tibetans and gave strict instructions " to do united front work " by respecting the local religion and customs . In contrast to the leader of the Northwest Army , Fan Ming , he supported the Dalai Lama and avoided marching into the city after the victory . Zhang seized the position of Secretary of the CPC Tibet Committee from 1950 to 1952 , until Mao Zedong , on learning of his power struggle with Fan , replaced him with Zhang Jingwu as Secretary . Still , Zhang headed the Tibet Work Committee , which would negotiate the items in the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet . Zhang only made passing reference to the negotiations in his memoirs . Zhang would resume his position as secretary from 1965 to 1967 . Sino - Indian War . On October 10 , 1962 Zhang attended a meeting of military leaders outside Beijing . There , he endorsed the summary by Zhou Enlai that because India chose to occupy disputed territory with China , instead of peacefully resolving the border demarcation with it like Nepal , Burma , and Mongolia , that " Nehru has closed all roads . This leaves us only with war . " As the Commander of the Tibet military region , Zhang was present for the formal decision to go to war with India in " self - defense " at the politboro meeting of October 18 . Mao asked for problems with this plan , and suggested that they were underestimating the Indian Armed Forces , but Zhang reassured him . Zhang was the People ' s Liberation Army field commander during the Sino - Indian War . Cultural Revolution . In February 1967 , at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution , three divisions of Red Guards tried to oust Zhang Guohua from the Governorship in Lhasa . Using armor , he succeeded in repressing them , and negotiated with the central government to be moved to Sichuan to form a revolutionary committee . He served as the Governor of Sichuan from 1968 to 1972 .
Emil Bernard Stella Emil Bernard Stella was an officer in the United States Naval Reserve during World War II . He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Leyte Gulf . Biography . Stella was born on December 18 , 1914 in Hurley , Wisconsin . Awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Leyte Gulf , his award citation reads : " The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Emil Bernard Stella ( NSN : 0 - 104007 ) , United States Naval Reserve , for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier - based Navy Dive Bomber of Bombing Squadron NINETEEN ( VB - 19 ) attached to the U . S . S . LEXINGTON ( CV - 16 ) , while assigned to strike major Japanese Fleet Units on 25 October 1944 , during the Battle of Leyte Gulf , in the Philippine Islands . Lieutenant Stella pressed a dive bombing attack on an enemy battleship and obtained a direct bomb hit in the face of enemy air opposition and extremely intense and continuous anti - aircraft fire that appreciably contributed to the sinking of same . His inspiring courage , daring tactics , and fearless devotion to duty in the face of hazardous flying conditions reflected great credit upon himself and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service . " Stella died on February 23 , 2001 .
Smuravyevo Smuravyevo ( also Gdov or Smurav ' yevo ) is an air base in Pskov Oblast , Russia located 14 km northeast of Gdov . This medium - sized base is located 63 km south of Ivangorod . It was home to 722 BAP ( 722nd Bomber Aviation Regiment ) flying Su - 24 aircraft up until at least the 1990s .
Jean de Laborde Jean de Laborde ( 29 November 1878 - 30 July 1977 ) was a French admiral , famous for the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon . As a vice - admiral , Laborde was chief of the First Squadron , organised around the battleship " Strasbourg " . After the Fall of France and the rise of Vichy France , Laborde supported the regime , and was made chief of the High sea fleet by Philippe Pétain , who counted on using Laborde ' s dislike of Darlan to make the Fleet easier to manage . The High Seas Fleet was composed of 38 modern units and amounting to a quarter of the total French fleet . Very antagonistic to the British and to Charles de Gaulle , Laborde promoted a project to re - take Chad . When the Allies invaded the French colonies of North Africa in Operation Torch , he suggested that the French fleet should sail and attack the Allies in retaliation ; this proposal was sharply turned down by Gabriel Auphan . On the 27 November 1942 , Laborde ordered the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon to prevent his ships from falling in German , Italian or British hands . At the Liberation , during the " " Épuration légale " " , Laborde was sentenced to death by the " Haute cour de justice " for treason and for failing to save the fleet by allowing it to defect to the Allies . His sentence was converted to life sentence ; he obtained a grace on the 9 June 1947 .
HMS E17 HMS " E17 " was a British E class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness . She was laid down on 16 February 1915 and was commissioned on 7 April 1915 . Service history . HMS " E17 " was wrecked off Texel in the North Sea on 6 January 1916 . Her crew were rescued by a Dutch cruiser . They were interned . The conning tower of " E17 " is preserved as a monument at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport , UK
Liberty Arsenal The Liberty Arsenal was an United States Army arsenal at Liberty , Missouri in Clay County , Missouri , that was seized by Confederate sympathizers on April 20 , 1861 , being an early occurrence in a sequence of skirmishes and battles that was to define Missouri in the American Civil War . It has sometimes been called the " Missouri Fort Sumter . " It was located generally west of the junction of Missouri Route 291 and old 210 Highway . After states began seceding from the Union , the Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861 voted 98 - 1 on March 21 , 1861 to stay in the Union but not to supply men or money to either side . On April 12 , 1861 , the Civil War officially began with the firing on Fort Sumter . In the earlier Bleeding Kansas skirmishes and battles , western Missouri around Kansas City , Missouri showed it had strong Southern leanings . On April 20 , about 200 men from Clay and Jackson County , Missouri seized the lightly guarded arsenal leaving the St . Louis Arsenal as the only other military arsenal in the entire state . The Southern sympathizers captured about one thousand muskets , four brass field pieces and a small amount of ammunition . but this was small compared to the 37 , 000 muskets and rifles believed to have been kept at St . Louis . The munitions were to be hidden at the home of Henry Lewis Routt near what is now William Jewell College . Routt was eventually captured and tried for treason and sentenced to hang but was pardoned by Lincoln . Instead , a large proportion of the arms were shipped upriver to the charge of St . Joseph mayor M . Jeff Thompson . The arms were distributed to Missouri Militiamen and later to the Missouri State Guard . The four brass field pieces became Capt . Henry Guibor ' s State Guard battery . Union General Nathaniel Lyon , fearing that the much larger St . Louis Arsenal could also fall , seized the St . Louis Arsenal on April 29 and began sending most of its munitions safely to Illinois .
Immanuel J . Klette LtCol . Immanuel J . Klette ( 15 February 1918 – 12 February 1988 ) , aka Manny Klette , was a bomber pilot and squadron commander in the U . S . Army Air Forces during World War II . Colonel Klette flew 91 combat missions in all , the most of any bomber pilot in the U . S . Eighth Air Force . His first 21 , beginning in March 1943 , were as a co - pilot in the 369th Bomb Squadron , 306th Bomb Group , based at RAF Thurleigh . In July 1943 he was upgraded to " first pilot " and assigned a crew , flying 7 additional missions before being seriously injured in a crash landing on September 23 . After a lengthy recuperation and a staff assignment at Headquarters , US Strategic Air Forces ( USSTAF ) , he was selected by a former commander , Col . Henry Terry , now commanding the 91st Bomb Group , to command its 324th Bomb Squadron on July 30 , 1944 . The 324th BS at that time had assigned to it all the H2X radar " Mickey ships " and often led the group , wing , and division on missions where cloud cover was expected to obstruct the target . Klette flew missions for the duration of the war in Europe , including the last bomb mission of the Eighth Air Force on April 25 , 1945 . Over 30 of his missions were as group , wing , division , or air force mission commander while serving with the 91st Bomb Group . His success many have been partly due to his preparations for his bombing missions . He thoroughly studied the details of bombing missions and had learned how to operate every piece of equipment on a B - 17 Flying Fortress .
Richard Edmond Courtney Lieutenant Colonel Richard Edmond Courtney CB VD ( 8 September 1870 – 21 October 1919 ) was an Australian Soldier in World War I . Courtney ' s and Steel ' s Post Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery is named after a position in the Anzac sector named after him during the Battle of Gallipoli . He was born in Castlemaine , Victoria and educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School . He enrolled into Melbourne Law School in 1889 and qualified as a solicitor . He was the Lieutenant - Colonel in command of the 14th Battalion of the Australian Imperial Force at Gallipoli . He was mentioned in dispatches twice in November 1915 , and gazetted with the CB in the same month . Invalided to England he was placed in command of the Weymouth Base Depot . He returned to Australia , arriving in March 1916 and his appointment with the AIF was terminated on 22 May 1916 shortly before he appointed acting commandant for Western Australia 10 June , a post he held until to 15 February 1919 . Following the Armistice he became Chief Clerk of the Victorian Branch Repatriation Department . He died of a brain haemorrhage in 1919 , in Melbourne .
MPB mine The MPB is a Polish off - route anti - tank mine . The mine consists of a cylinder mounted horizontally in a heavy steel frame , hidden from direct view of a designated target , which is used to aim the mine . It uses a Misznay Schardin effect warhead to project an armour piercing metal slug or EFP ( Explosively Formed Penetrator ) to an effective range of around 50 metres where it can penetrate up to 100 millimetres of armour . The mine can be triggered by either a contact fuze or a passive infra - red sensor , and is also fitted with an anti - handling device . When used with the passive infra - red fuze , an acoustic sensor detects approaching vehicles and activates the infra - red sensor , which triggers the mine at the optimal moment as the target passes . The mine can be programmed to self - destruct after either 1 , 10 or 30 days have passed .