naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program This Chronology of the North Korean Nuclear Program has its roots in the 1950s and beings in earnest in 1989 with the end of the Cold War and the decline of the USSR as the main economic ally of North Korea . The Chronology mainly addresses the conflict between the United States and North Korea , while including the influences of the other members of the Six - Party Talks , China , Russia , South Korea , and Japan . The North Korean nuclear program can roughly be divided into four phases . Phase I ( 1956 – 80 ) dealt primarily with training and gaining basic knowledge . Phase II ( 1980 – 94 ) covers the growth and eventual suspension of North Korea ’ s domestic plutonium production program . Phase III ( 1994 – 2002 ) covers the period of the " nuclear freeze " and Phase IV ( 2002 – present ) covers the current period of renewed nuclear activities .
James Machon James Machon ( born 1848 ) was a Boy in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the Union Navy during the American Civil War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Boy , U . S . Navy . Born : 1848 , England . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 45 , December 31 , 1864 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Brooklyn during successful attacks against Fort Morgan , rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in Mobile Bay , on 5 August 1864 . Stationed in the immediate vicinity of the shell whips which were twice cleared of men by bursting shells , Machon remained steadfast at his post and performed his duties in the powder division throughout the furious action which resulted in the surrender of the prize rebel ram Tennessee and in the damaging and destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan .
USS Sappho ( SP - 1427 ) The first USS " Sappho " ( ID - 1427 ) was a United States Navy ferry transport in commission from 1918 to 1919 . " Sappho " was built in 1886 as a wooden - hulled commercial ferry steamer SS " Sappho " at Bath , Maine , by New England Shipbuilding Company . The U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , William C . Sproul of Chester , Pennsylvania , for World War I service on 6 August 1918 and commissioned her on 20 August 1918 as USS " Sappho " with Boatswain D . Sullivan , USNRF , in command . " Sappho " was assigned to the 4th Naval District for local transport duty , providing transportation between the Philadelphia Navy Yard in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and nearby ports in New York and New Jersey . Five days after " Sappho " was commissioned , SS " Delaware " accidentally rammed her on 25 August 1918 . Repairs were complete by 20 October 1918 , allowing " Sappho " to resume transport service . " Sappho " was decommissioned at Philadelphia on 18 February 1919 , and returned to her owner the same day . Her Navy crew was returned to the Philadelphia Navy Yard by the tug USS " Triton " ( YT - 10 ) .
54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron The 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was to the 41st Rescue and Weather Reconnaissance Wing , stationed at Andersen Air Force Base , Guam . It was inactivated on 30 September 1987 . History . Established in mid - 1944 in England as a weather reconnaissance squadron ; it was assigned to the Eighth Air Force . The squadron ' s primary mission was acquiring accurate weather information over enemy - occupied Continental Europe , including Nazi Germany for mission planning of heavy bombardment missions to identified enemy industrial , transportation and military targets . It flew a wide variety of medium bombers and fighter aircraft , all at high speed and unarmed over enemy - held territory on a daily basis . These missions were highly hazardous and usually flown without any escort . The squadron continued operations until the German capitulation in May 1945 , when it returned to the United States . Redeployed to North Field , Guam and issued very long range B - 29 Superfortress bombers , it was fitted - out with weather reconnaissance equipment in September 1945 . The unit flew weather reconnaissance missions for the Far East Air Forces during the early postwar years , inactivating in October 1947 . It was reactivated in 1951 at North Field ( later Anderson AFB ) , Guam . The squadron resumed its weather reconnaissance mission with WB - 29s ; upgrading to WB - 50D Superfortress es in 1955 . It often flew hazardous reconnaissance missions into tropical storms and typhoons to obtain accurate meteorological information . It was inactivated in 1960 due to budget reductions . The squadron was reactivated in 1960 with a mixture of WB - 50s , WB - 47s and C - 130s and resumed its typhoon hunting mission . The squadron was the last operator of the WB - 50D Superfortress , retiring the last aircraft in 1965 , when it operated C - 130s . Perhaps its best accomplishment was during the Vietnam War when Operation Popeye ( Project Popeye / Motorpool / Intermediary - Compatriot ) was a US military cloud seeding operation ( running from March 20 , 1967 until July 5 , 1972 ) to extend the monsoon season over Laos , specifically areas of the Ho Chi Minh Trail . The operation seeded clouds with silver iodide , resulting in the targeted areas seeing an extension of the monsoon period an average of 30 to 45 days . As the continuous rainfall slowed down the truck traffic , it was considered relatively successful . The 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron carried out the operation to " make mud , not war . " It was inactivated in 1987 .
Percy A . Decker He died August 18 , 1936 , and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 7 , lot 10302 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Boatswain ' s Mate Second Class , U . S . Navy . Born : August 4 , 1890 , New York , N . Y . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 101 , 15 June 1914 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Florida during the seizure of Vera Cruz , Mexico , 21 April 1914 ; for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession during the seizure of Vera Cruz , Mexico .
Walter Adolph Walter Adolph ( 11 June 1913 – 18 September 1941 ) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace . A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat . He flew 79 combat missions during World War II and was credited with 25 aerial victories including 1 in the Spanish Civil War . Career . Adolph was born on 11 June 1913 at Fântânele , Bacău County , Romania . After the fall of the Austro - Hungarian Empire in 1918 , he moved with his family to Germany . Leutnant Adolph served with 1 . / Jagdgruppe 88 of the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War from late 1937 until spring 1938 . He claimed one victory , a Republican Polikarpov I - 15 fighter , on 30 December 1937 . He was awarded the Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords , for his service in the Spanish Civil War . From early 1939 Adolph served as " Staffelkapitän " , 2 . / Jagdgeschwader 1 ( JG 1 ) . He flew several missions during the campaign in Poland . He first scored in World War II by claiming an Royal Air Force ( RAF ) Bristol Blenheim of No . 139 Squadron ( flown by F / O AC MacLachlan ) over Osnabrück on 1 October 1939 . During the French campaign Adolph claimed five more victories , including three No . 139 Squadron Blenheim bombers shot down in just five minutes over Maastricht on 12 May 1940 . On 9 July 1940 2 . / JG 1 was redesignated as 8 . / Jagdgeschwader 27 ( JG 27 ) . Adolph was appointed " Gruppenkommandeur " , II . / Jagdgeschwader 26 ( JG 26 ) on 4 October 1940 . By this time he had nine victories . Hauptmann Adolph was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 13 November 1940 after 15 victories . II . / JG 26 was chosen as the first Luftwaffe unit to transition to the new Focke Wulf Fw 190 fighter , receiving their first aircraft in July 1941 , being completely equipped by 1 September . At the time of his death he was a Hauptmann ( Captain ) commanding II . / JG 26 . On 18 September 1941 he was killed flying a Focke - Wulf Fw 190 A - 1 ( " Werknummer " 0028 — factory number ) while on escort duty with eight other aircraft when they encountered a flight of Bristol Blenheim s escorted by Spitfires and Hurricanes . The British flying ace F / O Cyril Babbage of 41 Squadron is believed to have shot down Adolph . His Fw 190 A - 1 was the first of its kind to be lost in aerial combat . His body washed ashore near Knokke in Belgium . He was buried in Lommel , Belgium .
1st Ready Reserve Air Wing PAF The 1st Air Force Wing Reserve ( 1AFWR ) , formerly called the 1st Ready Reserve Air Wing ( 1RRAW ) is a combat - support unit under the Air Force Reserve Command ( AFRC ) , Philippine Air Force , and is based in Colonel Jesus A . Villamor Air Base in Pasay City , Metro Manila , Philippines . Its headquarters offices are located at the AFRC building inside the air base . The wing covers all Air Force reserve units in the National Capital Region . 1st AFWR is divided into the 11th , 12th , and 13th Air Force Groups Reserve ( AFGR ) . Currently , the 1st AFWR is under the command of Brig . Gen . Elihu A . Ybanez , AFP . In Luzon , the other air force reserve wings are the 2nd AFWR based at Clark Air Base that covers the area from Central Luzon up to all of northern Luzon , and the 3rd AFWR at Fernando Air Base in Batangas that covers all of southern Luzon from Cavite towards the Bicol Region .
Gordon Campbell ( Royal Navy officer ) Vice Admiral Gordon Campbell ( 6 January 1886 – 3 July 1953 ) was an English naval officer , later a writer and politician , who was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre and appointed a chevalier of the Légion d ' honneur . Early life and career . Born on 6 July 1886 , he was educated at Dulwich College , which he attended between 1898 and 1900 . He then joined the Royal Navy . In 1917 , by the age of 31 , he had reached the rank of Commander during First World War when the act for which he was awarded the VC took place . On 17 February 1917 in the north Atlantic , Commander Campbell , commanding HMS " Farnborough " ( Q . 5 ) ( one of the " mystery " Q ship s ) sighted a torpedo track . He altered course and allowed the torpedo to hit Q . 5 aft by the engine - room bulkhead . The ' Panic party ' got away convincingly , followed by the U - boat . When the submarine had fully surfaced and was within 100 yards of " Q . 5 " — badly damaged and now lying very low in the water — the commander gave the order to fire . Almost all of the 45 shells fired hit the U - boat which sank . " Q . 5 " was taken in tow just in time and was safely beached . On 22 March 1916 , another U - boat , SM " U - 68 " was sunk by " Farnborough " . Campbell also commanded HMS " Dunraven " during the action of 8 August 1917 when she was sunk by SM " UC - 71 " . Victoria Crosses were awarded to two crewmen who were selected by ballot from amongst the crew of " Dunraven " , Lieutenant Charles George Bonner and Petty Officer Ernest Herbert Pitcher . Campbell received his second bar to his DSO . Later life . Campbell later achieved the rank of Vice Admiral . He commanded the battlecruiser HMS " Tiger " 1925 - 27 and served as Naval Aide - de - Camp to George V 1928 - 29 . In 1931 , he was elected as National Member of Parliament for Burnley , defeating the Labour leader , Arthur Henderson . In 1935 , however , standing as a National Liberal , he lost his seat . Campbell wrote several publications , including the successful " My Mystery Ships " . His brother , Sir Edward Campbell , was also a Member of Parliament . His Victoria Cross is held at his old school , Dulwich College .
103rd Cavalry Regiment ( United States ) The 103rd Cavalry Regiment was a unit of the Pennsylvania National Guard that existed from 1921 to 1940 , when it was re - designated the 190th Field Artillery Regiment . The regiment was constituted in 1921 from the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment and had its headquarters in Philadelphia and later Tyrone . The regiment was assigned to the 21st Cavalry Division . The 103rd Cavalry provided relief assistance during floods in 1936 . During 1937 - 1938 , Maurice Rose was a regular army instructor to the 103rd Cavalry . The regiment was relieved from the 21st Cavalry Division and assigned to the 22nd Cavalry Division in January 1939 . On 23 September 1940 , the regiment was converted to the 190th F . A . Regiment .
USS Nita ( 1856 ) USS " Nita " ( 1856 ) was a captured Confederate steamer acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War . She was put into service by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . From blockade runner to Union Navy schooner . " Nita " , a wooden sidewheel steamer built in 1856 at Mobile , Alabama , was captured while carrying food and medicine from Havana , Cuba , toward Mobile , Alabama , by Union blockading schooner 17 August 1863 . Taken to Key West , Florida , under a prize crew , " Nita " was condemned by a prize court ; transferred to the Navy 10 September 1863 ; and commissioned 8 January 1864 , Actg . Vol . Lt . Robert B . Smith in command . Assigned to the East Gulf Blockade . Assigned to the East Gulf Blockading Squadron , " Nita " patrolled the west coast of Florida for the remainder of the Civil War , operating primarily between the mouth of the Suwanee River and the Anclote Key s . On the morning of 24 February , Lt . Smith , alerted by Union intelligence agents in Cuba , spotted steamer " Nan Nan " , laden with cotton , attempting to slip to sea through the east pass of the Suwanee River . " Nita " at once gave chase . Twice she ran aground in the shallow coastal waters , but forced " Nan Nan " to throw her cotton over board in attempting to escape . The blockade runner then stranded on the beach where her crew burned her to prevent capture . Boats from " Nita " took her next prize , schooner " Three Brothers " , 11 April , at the mouth of the Homosassa River after a chase of three hours . The schooner had been attempting to slip into the river laden with supplies from Havana . " Nita " took her final ship on the morning of 24 October when two of her boats boarded abandoned and burning schooner " Unknown " off Clearwater Harbor . They promptly put out the fire and sent the prize to Key West , Florida , for adjudication . Destroying the salt works near Tampa , Florida . On 12 November " Nita " and steamed to Tampa Bay on a reconnaissance mission and landed a party to destroy Confederate salt works near Rocky Point , Florida . However , the sailors were driven back by Southern cavalry . Early on 3 December , " Nita " and four other Union ships returned and destroyed the salt works . " Nita ’ s " final days at war and final decommissioning . The efficiency of the Union Navy throughout the war made prizes scarce during the conflict ’ s final months . " Nita " continued patrolling along the coast until she decommissioned at Key West 3 May 1865 , and was sold at public auction the same day .
Blohm & Voss Ha 139 The Blohm & Voss Ha 139 was a German all - metal inverted gull wing floatplane . With its four engines it was at the time one of the largest float - equipped seaplane s that had been built . The inboard engines were mounted at the joint between the inboard anhedral and outboard dihedral wing sections , above the pylon - mounted floats . Further development of the Ha 139 led to the land based version Blohm & Voss BV 142 which had its first flight in October 1938 . Operational history . The aircraft were flown by " Deutsche Luft Hansa " on transatlantic routes between 1937 and 1939 , predominately between Bathurst , The Gambia and Natal , Brazil . Catapult - launched from an aircraft tender they were able to transport 500 kg of mail over a distance of up to 5 , 000 km . On the outbreak of World War II , the planes were transferred to " Luftwaffe " and used for transport , reconnaissance and minesweeping work over the Baltic Sea . They were not particularly suited for military use . Variants . " Data from : " Aircraft of the Third Reich
I Kikan The Iwakuro Kikan or the I Kikan was an intelligence mission and liaison office for the Japanese Army and the Indian National Army during the Second World War in the South east asian theatre . Headed by Colonel Hideo Iwakuro , it succeeded the F Kikan in liaising with the Indian Independence League and the Indian National Army under Captain Mohan Singh . After the revival of the INA under Subhas Chandra Bose , it was replaced by the Hikari Kikan .
USS Kerlew ( ID - 1325 ) USS " Kerlew " ( ID - 1325 ) was a United States Navy cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919 . " Kerlew " was built in 1906 at Stockton - on - Tees , England , by Craig , Taylor and Company , Ltd . Prior to World War I , she served as the Austro - Hungarian commercial cargo ship " Virginia " . She was named " Kerlew " and owned by Kerr Navigation Corporation of New York City by the time the United States Army acquired her on a bareboat charter basis in October 1917 . The U . S . Navy acquired " Kerlew " on 13 November 1918 , two days after the end of World War I , at Cardiff , Wales , assigned her the naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 1325 , and commissioned her the same day as USS " Kerlew " with Lieutenant S . V . Kalhauge , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the U . S . Army coal trade at Cardiff , " Kerlew " transported coal across the English Channel from British to French ports . She continued this duty until 29 January 1919 , when she arrived at Invergordon , Scotland , to load a cargo of American naval mines for return to the United States . Departing Invergordon on 19 February 1919 , she arrived in the United States at Norfolk , Virginia , on 9 March 1919 . " Kerlew " was decommissioned on 12 April 1919 and transferred the same day to the United States Shipping Board for simultaneous return to her owner . " Kerlew " returned to commercial service . She was renamed " Mount Sidney " in 1922 while serving as a merchant ship .
47th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 47th Brigade was a formation of British Army . It was part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army . It was assigned to the 16th ( Irish ) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War . As the 47th ( London ) Brigade , it was part of the 56th London Division / District in the 1960s . Units in the First World War . The infantry battalions did not all serve at once , but all were assigned to the brigade during the war .
42nd Armoured Division ( United Kingdom ) The 42nd Armoured Division was a First Line Territorial Army formation during the Second World War . It was formed by converting an infantry division into an armoured role . It was never deployed overseas and was disbanded before seeing combat . The division was formed by converting the 42nd ( East Lancashire ) Infantry Division , a First Line Territorial Army infantry formation , on 1 November 1941 into an Armoured Division . The division was not posted overseas and its divisional headquarters was disbanded on 17 October 1943 ; the division ' s infantry was assigned to the 53rd ( Welsh ) Infantry Division and its armour to the 79th Armoured Division . General Officer Commanding . Two men served as the General Officer Commanding of the 42nd Armoured Division : Component Units . 10th Armoured Brigade . On 1 November 1941 , the 10th Armoured Brigade was converted from the 125th Infantry Brigade and was attached to the 42nd Armoured Division . It comprised the 108th Regt Royal Armoured Corps and the 145th Regt RAC . On 25 July 1942 , the brigade was converted again into the 10th Tank Brigade and finally disbanded on 25 November 1943 . The 10th Armoured Brigade did not see active service as a unit . 42nd Support Group . In the early days of the Second World War the support group ( or Pivot Group as it was sometimes known ) was what its name suggested . It provided whatever support the armoured brigades needed to the operation in hand , being able to provide motorised infantry , field artillery , anti - tank artillery or light anti - aircraft artillery as needed .
Alexander MacDonnell , 3rd Earl of Antrim Alexander MacDonnell , 3rd Earl of Antrim ( 1615 – 10 December 1699 ) was a Roman Catholic peer and military commander in Ireland . He was the son of Randal MacDonnell , 1st Earl of Antrim and his wife , Alice O ' Neill ( Alice was the daughter of Hugh Ó Neill , 2nd Earl of Tyrone ) . After coming of age , MacDonnell spend three years abroad in Europe before returning to Ireland just before the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 . MacDonnell was commander of a regiment of Irish against Cromwell in 1641 , and soon took his place among the Irish leadership . Unlike his brother , Randal , he urged a conciliatory approach to the English under Oliver Cromwell . He remained in command of a regiment until the Confederation surrendered to Cromwell in 1652 . His lands were confiscated and distributed amongst Cromwellian soldiers . By 1656 , MacDonnell was living in England , and at Restoration was restored to his lands . In 1680 , MacDonnell was appointed custos rotulorum for Antrim , and he succeeded to the title of Earl of Antrim on 3 February 1682 on the death of his brother . He was invested as a Privy Counsellor and Lord - Lieutenant of Antrim shortly after the accession of King James II , as the King followed a policy of replacing Protestants with Catholics across Ireland . At the outbreak of the Glorious Revolution , MacDonnell adhered to James and presided over the unsuccessful siege of Derry . On James ' s defeat , MacDonnell ' s lands and titles were , again , declared forfeit . In 1697 he was restored to his title . He married , firstly , Lady Elizabeth Annesley , daughter of Arthur Annesley , 1st Earl of Anglesey . She died childless in 1669 . He married , secondly , Helena Burke , daughter of Sir John Burke of Derrymaclachtney , after 1672 . They had one son , Randal , and one daughter , Mary .
Battle of Tololing The Battle of Tololing was one of the pivotal battles in the Kargil War between India ' s armed forces and troops from the Northern Light Infantry who were aided by other Pakistan backed irregulars in 1999 . The Tololing is a dominant position overlooking the Srinagar - Leh Highway ( NH 1D ) and was a vital link . The Indian army ' s casualties on the Tololoing peak were half of the entire losses in the whole war . Much of the losses had to do with the nature of the terrain as World War I style frontal charges had to be mounted to reclaim the peaks to dislodge the intruders . The 3 week assault finally culminated with India taking control of the peak and changing the course of the war . 23 Indian Soldiers were killed in the final assault , resulting in one of the costliest battles of the entire war . Major Rajesh Adhikari ( posthumously ) and Digendra Kumar were awarded the Maha Vir Chakra , India ' s second highest military honour for their daring actions on the peak .
Al Dhafra Air Base Al Dhafra Air Base ( Arabic : قاعدة الظفرة الجوية ) is a military installation in the United Arab Emirates . The base is located approximately south of Abu Dhabi and is operated by the United Arab Emirates Air Force . Facilities . The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level . It has two runways , 13L / 31R and 13R / 31L , each having an asphalt surface measuring . Foreign users . The 380th Air Expeditionary Wing of the United States Air Force , and the French Air Force use the base as French Military Settlement .
Royal Danish Army Officers Academy The Royal Danish Army Academy ( known in Denmark as " Hærens Officersskole " ) educates and commissions all officers for the Royal Danish Army . The Army Academy function was initiated in 1713 by request of King Frederick IV on inspiration from the Naval Academy . Location . The army academy is located on Frederiksberg Palace in central Copenhagen .