naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Flaming onion The flaming onion was a 37 mm revolving - barrel anti - aircraft gun used by the German army during World War I , the name referring to both the gun , and especially the flares it fired . The American ' balloon - buster ' ace , Frank Luke , was a prominent victim of this device , and it was mentioned in Eddie Rickenbacker ' s book " Fighting the Flying Circus " and in many " Biggles " stories . The term could also be applied to any sort of anti - aircraft fire that used a visible tracer , appearing in reports of combat from the Battle of Taranto , for instance . The actual weapon was a Gatling type , smooth bore , short barreled automatic revolver called a ' lichtspucker ' ( light spitter ) that was designed to fire flares at low velocity in rapid sequence across a battle area . This gun had five barrels and could launch a 37 mm artillery shell about five thousand feet ( 1500 m ) . To maximize the chance of a strike , all five rounds were discharged as rapidly as possible , giving the ' string of flaming onions ' effect . Because most other rounds were fired slowly due to the nature of anti - aircraft artillery at the time , this gun ' s rapid rate of fire left many fliers thinking that the rounds were attached to a string and they feared being shredded by it . Because all launchers were located well behind the lines , none were captured until the last days of the war on the Western Front . Because the weapon was not designed for anti - aircraft use , it did not have purpose - designed ammunition , but the flares would have been dangerous to fabric - covered aircraft . It appears that the design of specialist ammunition took place in tandem with design of higher velocity automatic anti - aircraft weapons ; which may explain why the standard heavy automatic AA gun used by the Germans in World War II was of 37 mm caliber . The name " flaming onion " was also used for a number of unrelated military topics . One of these was the mythical German device that exploded in such a way that it resembled a bomber being hit , although these also went by a variety of other names , including " scarecrows " . It also included a napalm rocket used by the RAAF during the Korean War , It is also the nickname of a military insigne that depicts an old - fashioned grenade with a lit fuse . The device is in various armies ; examples include The Canadian Grenadier Guards , The Princess Louise Fusiliers , the British Royal Engineers and Royal Artillery ( displayed on their " collar dogs " ) , and the U . S . Army ' s ordnance departments .
Ferdinand Victor Blundstone Frank Victor Blundstone ( 1882 – 1951 ) was a Swiss - born sculptor who worked in England . His father was Charles Blundstone , an India rubber merchant who was born in Manchester , England . He studied at the South London Technical Art School and Royal Academy Schools . Blundstone ' s works include portraits and sculptures . After the Great War he executed several war memorials including that at Folkestone . Education . Blundstone studied Art at Ashton - under - Lyne and then at South London Technical Art School before entering the Royal Academy Schools . There his awards included the Landseer Scholarship which he was awarded in 1904 for one of his sculptures . He won a second place prize for a model in 1905 . Two years later he was awarded a one year Landseer Scholarship . Also in 1907 he won a traveling studentship of £200 and a gold medal . Private life . Blundstone lived in Manchester in about 1908 . He may have lived in Heaton Chapel ( northern part of Stockport in Greater Manchester ) with his family during World War I . London was his home from about 1919 to 1951 . Career . When Blundstone established himself as a sculptor , he had studios in London and in 1907 moved to Stamford Bridge Studios . In about 1907 he had a studio at Clifton Hill Studio and in 1918 he moved to St . John ' s Wood . Works . The following is a partial list of Blundstone ' s works . Professional associations . Blundestone ( died 1951 ) was a member of the following associations : Exhibits and competitions . Blundstone exhibitions entries include portraits , statues , trophies and war memorials : His competition attendance included :
Beretta 93R The Beretta Model 93R is a selective - fire machine pistol , designed and manufactured by the Italian Beretta company in the 1970s for police and military use , that is derived from their semi - automatic Model 92 . The " R " stands for " Raffica " , which is Italian for " volley " , " flurry " or " burst " . History . The Beretta Model 93R was designed to be used by the Italian counter terrorism forces of Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza and Gruppo di Intervento Speciale but was also adopted by other police and military forces who required a concealable weapon with rapid fire capabilities . The pistol is a development of the Beretta 92 design . Mechanics . The Beretta Model 93R is mechanically similar to the Beretta 92 . It can be selected to fire either a three round burst or single fire . A selector switch enables the operator to alternate between the two firing modes . The pistol is fitted with a foregrip at the front end of the trigger guard to provide better stability when firing . A folding steel buttstock can be attached at the heel of the grip . The Model 93R is considered difficult to control when being repeatedly fired in burst mode because of the 1 , 100 round per minute firing rate . Legal status in USA . There are a few transferable Beretta 93Rs , but can be cost prohibitive due to their rarity . The Gun Control Act of 1968 stopped the importation of machine guns except for guns imported for sale to government agencies .
Chen Bingde Chen Bingde ( ; born July 1941 in Nantong , Jiangsu ) is a general in the People ' s Liberation Army . He was the Director - General of the General Armaments Department until September 2007 . In this position he acted as the head of the space program of China . Currently he is both the commanding general of People ' s Liberation Army General Staff Department in Beijing , which is equivalent to chairman of the U . S . Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Commander - in - Chief of the People ' s Liberation Army Ground Force . Biography . He joined the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) in 1962 and has been a member of the CPC Central Military Commission since 2004 . He was former chief of the Nanjing Military Region , a crucial region in Beijing ' s military strategy against Taiwan . In 2004 , he was promoted to the director of the General Armament Department as well as the secretary of CPC ' s committee . In 2007 he was promoted to the direct of General Staff Department . He was made a major general in September 1988 , a lieutenant general in July 1995 , and a general in 2002 . He is a member of CPC ' s 15th , 16th and 17th central committee .
REME Museum of Technology The REME Museum of Technology is located south east of Reading . The museum holds collections of various technological artifacts associated with the work of the REME , the corps of the British Army responsible for the maintenance , servicing and inspection of electrical and mechanical equipment hence the name of the regiment . Exhibits . The museum has a variety of exhibits divided between several buildings . Guard Room . A replica of a 1950 ' s Guard Room . This exhibit contains details on security and discipline on a British Army base . These is also a history of Maj Gen Rowcroft , REME ' s first Director . Main Museum . The original part of the museum . Amongst the displays in this building is a history of various technical trades that REME Craftsman specialise in . The main museum also houses The Medal Room , a display of medals awarded to REME soldiers and officers , including a Conspicuous Gallantry Cross and a Victoria Cross . Electronics Display . The first room is dedicated to the history of electronics , both civilian and military . There are examples of British Army radio units from the 1930s to present day including a Bowman Radio unit . Armour ' s Hall . A large collection of weapons dating from a 16th - century Flintlock Musket to modern SA80 ' s currently used by the British Army . Prince Philip Vehicle Hall . A hall built in 1999 , dedicated to REME ' s Colonel in Chief Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , containing a selection of recovery and repair vehicles used by REME since its creation in 1942 . There is also an exhibition dedicated to Ivan Hirst , a REME Major who was instrumental to Volkswagen ' s post - war reconstruction . This exhibition also has a rear end of a VW Beetle used as a sofa . Other activities . Archives . The REME Museum of Technology is the home to an extensive collection of military records . The museum catalogues and restores these documents . Visitor facilities . The Guard Room contains the museum ' s shop and café . The museum is open Sunday to Fridays throughout the year .
Weapon system Weapon System is a United States military term that designated , along with a weapon system number ( e . g . , WS - 110 ) , military experimental ( MX ) systems prior to official naming ( e . g . , under a military aircraft designation system . Preceded by the first Skunk Works program ( MX - 813 ( Convair XF - 92 ) in 1946 ) , the earliest " WS " designation was the 1954 WS - 117L . Circa February 1950 , an Air Research and Development Command " " study prepared by Maj Gen Gordon P . Saville . . . recommended that a ' systems approach ' to new weapons be adopted " [ whereby ] " development of a weapon " system " required development of support equipment as well as the actual hardware itself . " " US weapon programs often were initiated by numbered government specifications such as an Advanced Development Objective ( e . g . , ADO - 40 ) or a General Operational Requirement ( e . g . , GOR . 80 ) , although some programs were initially identified by contractor numbers ( e . g . , CL - 282 ) . The term also made its way into UK use and by 1959 was causing some confusion as to its origins and meaning . Notes and references . When a government program number is not available , a contractor number ( if available ) is used in the table , e . g . , Lockheed CL - 282 for the U - 2 .
Yuri Danilov Yuri Danilov ( 1866 – 1937 ) served as a general in the Russian army during World War I . From 1907 to 1914 Danilov was in charge of the Intelligence Section of Russian Main Staff of the Imperial Russian Army . At the start of World War I Danilov was appointed General - Quartermaster ( chief of operations ) at Stavka , third in command after Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich and his chief of staff Nikolai Yanushkevich . With the Tsar ' s decision to take personal command of the army at the front in August 1915 , both the Grand Duke and Danilov lost their positions . Appointed to the Northern Front , Danilov served as commander of 25th corps ( 1915 – 1916 ) , chief of staff of the Northern Front ( 1916 – 1917 ) , and commander of the 5th Army ( 1917 ) . After the October Revolution of 1917 he emigrated to France , where he remained until his death in 1937 .
Mateur Airfield Mateur Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia , located approximately 4 km north - northwest of Mateur , 52 km northwest of Tunis . It was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the Tunisian Campaign . It was a temporary airfield , built by the US Army Corps of Engineers , not designed for long term or heavy bomber use . Known units assigned to the field were : When the fighter units moved to Sicily and Italy in the beginning of November , the airfield was dismantled and abandoned . Today , some sort of military structure is visible on the old main runway , which is fenced and restricted from public access .
David Jenkins ( British Army officer ) Major - General David John Malcolm Jenkins CB CBE is a former Master - General of the Ordnance . Military career . Jenkins was commissioned into the Queen ' s Own Hussars in 1965 . In 1994 he became Commandant of the Royal Military College of Science . Then in 1996 he was appointed Director - General for Land Systems and in 1998 he became an Executive Director at the Defence Procurement Agency and Master - General of the Ordnance . He retired in 2000 . He was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Armoured Corps and the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and Colonel of the Queen ' s Royal Hussars . In retirement he became Under - Treasurer at Gray ' s Inn .
Philip Glazebrook Major Philip Kirkland Glazebrook , DSO ( 24 December 1880 – 7 March 1918 ) was a British businessman and Conservative politician . He was the son of John K . and Cecilia Glazebrook of Twemlow Hall , Holmes Chapel , Cheshire , and was educated at Eton College and New College , Oxford . He was a partner in the firm of Spurrier and Glazebrook Limited , oil merchants , Manchester . He held the rank of captain in the Cheshire Yeomanry . He was unmarried . In December 1910 he was chosen as Conservative candidate to contest the constituency of Manchester South at the general election . However , due to an error by his election agent , he arrived at Manchester Town Hall six minutes after nominations had closed , resulting in the unopposed election of the sitting Liberal MP , Arthur Haworth . In February 1912 Haworth was appointed as a Junior Lord of the Treasury , requiring him to seek re - election in a by - election . Glazebrook was the Conservative candidate , and a vigorous campaign was held , with the main issues being woman suffrage , Home Rule and National Insurance . Glazebrook managed to unseat Haworth , winning the seat by 579 votes . With the outbreak of war in 1914 , the Cheshire Yeomanry were mobilised , and Glazebrook served in Egypt and Palestine . He advanced to the rank of major , and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in February 1918 . The citation read : For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty . When , by the capture of a neighbouring height , the enemy had rendered the position of two companies most precarious because they now came under concentrated machine - gun fire from their left rear , he immediately went to the most threatened spot , and by his courageous bearing and great coolness was responsible for the safe withdrawal of these companies . The unfailing energy and resolution shown by this officer were most noticeable . In March 1917 the Cheshire Yeomanry were merged with the Shropshire Yeomanry to form an infantry unit : the 10th ( Shropshire and Cheshire Yeomanry ) Battalion , The King ' s ( Shropshire Light Infantry ) . Major Glazebrook was killed in action on 7 March 1918 at Bireh , near Jerusalem and is buried in the Jerusalem War Cemetery .
William Black ( soldier ) William Black was a drummer boy for the Union during the American Civil War . At twelve years old , his left hand and arm were shattered by an exploding shell . He is considered to be the youngest wounded soldier of the war .
Sena Medal " This article is about the Sena Medal , an Indian Military decoration . " " ' SM ' redirects here " The Sena Medal is awarded to members of the Indian army , of all ranks , " for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Army . " Awards may be made posthumously and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Sena Medal . It is awarded for gallantry . However , the Sena Medal ( Distinguished ) is given for distinguished service carried out by any soldier , not in the face of the enemy . The Sena Medal also serves as a sort of general commendation medal for the Indian Army . From 1 February 1999 , the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs . 250 for recipients of the award when it is awarded for bravery . It has since been revised to Rs . 1000 . It is preceded by the Vir Chakra , Shaurya Chakra & Yudh Seva Medal . It in turn precedes the Vishisht Seva Medal . Particulars . Established . 17 June 1960 , by the President of India . Obverse . A circular silver medal with a bayonet , point upwards . Reverse . A standing soldier with the legend in Hindi " Sena Medal " above . The medal is suspended by a straight - bar suspender and is named on the edge . The medal is also often dated on the edge as well . Ribbon . 32 mm , red , with a 2 mm white central stripe . Red 15 mm , white 2 mm , red 15 mm .
German submarine U - 362 German submarine " U - 362 " was a Type VIIC U - boat built for the Nazi German Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . Built by Flensburger Schiffbau - Gesellschaft at Flensburg , the U - boat was laid down 9 November 1941 , launched on 21 October 1942 , and commissioned on 4 February 1943 with " Oberleutnant " Ludwig Franz in command . Service history . Sailing from Kiel on 6 February 1944 , " U - 362 " first sailed for northern Norway from where she sortied out into the Norwegian Sea on several patrols , without sinking any ships . The U - boat sailed from Hammerfest on 2 August 1944 , on her fifth and final patrol and headed east across the Barents Sea , north of Russia . On 5 September 1944 in the Kara Sea , she was sunk by depth charge s from the at . All 51 of the crew were lost .
USS Jackson ( LCS - 6 ) USS " Jackson " ( LCS - 6 ) will be an of the United States Navy . She will be the first ship to be named for Jackson , the capital of Mississippi . Construction began on 1 August 2011 with the first cutting of aluminum at Austal USA ' s Modular Manufacturing facility in Mobile , Alabama . The name of the ship was announced on 5 October 2011 .
Battle of Ordashu The Battle of Ordashu was a battle fought on 4 February 1874 during the Third Anglo - Ashanti War when Sir Garnet Wolseley defeated the Ashanti s . The attack was led by the 42nd Regiment of Foot . Lieutenant Mark Sever Bell won the Victoria Cross during the action .
Henry Barnes , 2nd Baron Gorell Major Henry Gorell Barnes , 2nd Baron Gorell DSO ( 1882 - 16 January 1917 ) was a British Army officer . He was born in 1882 , the eldest son of John Barnes , 1st Baron Gorell . After an education at Winchester , Trinity College , Oxford , and Harvard , he was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1906 . He worked as a secretary to his father when he was on the Bench , and later as secretary of the Royal Commission on Divorce . He succeeded his father to the peerage in 1913 . During the First World War , he joined the Royal Field Artillery ; he was killed in action on 16 January 1917 , after one year and ten month ' s continuous service abroad . He was succeeded in the peerage by his younger brother , Ronald .
Siege of Danzig ( 1813 ) The Siege of Danzig was a siege of the city of Danzig during the War of the Sixth Coalition by Russian and Prussian forces against Jean Rapp ' s permanent French garrison , which had been augmented by soldiers from the Grande Armée retreating from its Russian campaign . The garrison included two crack divisions under Étienne Heudelet de Bierre and Charles Louis Dieudonné Grandjean plus whole units and stragglers that had lost contact with their units , all with their health and morale both weakened and most of their equipment lost and carrying their wounded . The siege was begun by cossacks under hetman Matvei Platov , then was continued mainly by infantry , mainly militiamen and irregulars . It lasted from January to December 1813 and ended in a French surrender to Coalition forces . The Treaty of Tilsit of 1807 had made the city a Free City nominally under Prussian control . It was sited at the mouth of the River Vistula and along the coast of the Baltic Sea and then had 60 , 000 inhabitants . It was also a major supply depot for Napoleon ' s force , with large quantities of food , munitions , forage , weapons , clothing and ammunition , and needed to be held by his forces to keep the Prussians neutral and avoid them defecting to the coalition ( as they later did ) . He was also attempting to re - group an army in his rear in order to confront the Coalition , and so needed to guard the line of the Vistula by garrisoning Danzig , Thorn and Warsaw .
Rupert Lochner Rupert Gordon Lochner MC ( 26 January 1891 – 1965 ) was an officer in the British Army during World War II . Commissioned 5 October 1910 in the South Wales Borderers , he saw service during World War One in France and Belgium from July 1915 to July 1916 , then January 1917 to November 1918 , earning the Military Cross during this time . He was appointed the command the 1st battalion , The South Wales Borderers as a Lieutenant - Colonel from February 1938 to October 1940 . As part of Paiforce ( formerly Iraqforce ) , Lochner commanded the 18th Indian Brigade of the Indian 8th Infantry Division during the Anglo - Soviet invasion of Persia . In 1942 , Lochner was promoted to Major - General . He retired a Colonel ( Honorary Major - General ) in January 1946 .
Pacific War Council The Pacific War Council was an inter - governmental body established in 1942 and intended to control the Allied war effort in the Pacific and Asian campaigns of World War II . Following the establishment of the short - lived American - British - Dutch - Australian military command ( ABDACOM ) in January 1942 , the governments of Australia , the Netherlands and New Zealand began to push Winston Churchill for an inter - governmental war council based in Washington D . C . The Far Eastern Council was established in London on February 9 , with a corresponding staff council in Washington . However the smaller powers continued to push for a Washington - based body . The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington on April 1 , 1942 , with a membership consisting of President Franklin D . Roosevelt , his key advisor Harry Hopkins , and representatives from Britain , China , Australia , New Zealand , the Netherlands and Canada . Representatives from India and the Philippines were later added . Much of the impetus for the council was lost during the collapse of ABDACOM , in March and April . The council never had any direct operational control and any decisions it made were referred to the U . S . - British Combined Chiefs of Staff , which was also in Washington . Although there were relatively few U . S . forces in the Pacific in mid - 1942 , the sheer volume of matériel and forces controlled by the United States government soon gave it effective control of strategy in the Pacific War .