naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Armed forces The armed forces of a country are its government - sponsored defence , fighting forces and organizations . They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors . In broad usage , the terms " armed forces " and " military " are often treated synonymously , although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country ' s armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces . Armed force is the use of armed forces to achieve political objectives . The study of the use of armed forces is called military science . Broadly speaking , this involves considering offense and defense at three " levels " : strategy , operational art , and tactics . All three levels study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective . Organization . In most countries the basis of the armed forces is the military , divided into basic military branch es . However , armed forces can include other paramilitary structures . Benefits and costs . The obvious benefit to a country in maintaining armed forces is in providing protection from foreign threats and from internal conflict . In recent decades armed forces personnel have also been used as emergency civil support roles in post - disaster situations . On the other hand , they may also harm a society by engaging in counter - productive ( or merely unsuccessful ) warfare . Expenditure on science and technology to develop weapons and systems sometimes produces side benefits , although some claim that greater benefits could come from targeting the money directly .
ST Brolga ST " Brolga " was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . " Brolga " was operated commercially as a fishing boat until she was acquired in April 1917 for minesweeping duties during World War I . " Brolga " was returned to her owners in February 1918 . Fate . " Albert San " was wrecked on 13 August 1926 and declared a total loss .
Casey Owens ( Ret . ) Corporal Casey Owens ( born c . 1981 in Houston , Texas ) is a United States Marine , Iraq War veteran , and paralympic athlete from Houston , Texas , United States , who has come to fame from his feats of completing marathons in a wheelchair . Since his legs were amputated after being severely injured in September , 2004 by shrapnel from an anti - tank mine explosion while on a rescue mission to find a comrade during his second tour in the Iraq War . Owens has also testified before the United States Congress in hearings regarding the poor quality of care and " bureaucratic maze " that military personnel must navigate in order to receive medical care from the VA . He is also a paralympic skiier .
Ricky Clousing Sergeant Ricky Clousing ( born 1982 ) served as an interrogator in the United States Army , in Company B of the 313th Military Intelligence Battalion of the 82nd Airborne Division . He served in Iraq from December 2004 until April 2005 with the 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment , during which time he witnessed what he describes as " abuse of power . . . without accountability " . He left his barracks in June 2005 in protest of the Iraq war and remained absent without leave until going public with his anti - war position in a press conference on August 11 , 2006 and then turning himself over to Military Police at Fort Lewis , WA . He is a member of Iraq Veterans Against the War . Clousing ' s court - martial was held October 12 , 2006 . He was sentenced to 11 months in confinement for going AWOL , but served 3 due to a pretrial agreement in which he pled guilty to the charges . He was also demoted to the rank of private , lost two - thirds of his pay for three months , and received a bad conduct discharge . He served his sentence at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina and returned home on December 23 , 2006 .
West Sussex County Division The West Sussex County Division was formed by the redesignation of Brocforce on 9 November 1940 . It was redesignated on 18 February 1941 , becoming the Essex County Division . It was commanded by four officers , Major General Edwin Morris from formation until 16 December , Brigadier A . E . Lawrence until 29 December , Major General Sir Oliver Leese until 30 January 1941 and then Brigadier H . J . Parham . It commanded 29th Infantry Brigade and 201st Independent Infantry Brigade ( Home ) . It was commanded by XII Corps until 15 January 1941 and then by IV Corps .
Clement Warner Colonel Clement Edson Warner ( February 23 , 1836 – 1916 ) was a Wisconsin farmer and officer in the American Civil War who served two years ( 1867 – 68 ) as a Unionist member of the Wisconsin State Senate and one ( 1883 ) as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Dane County . Background and war experience . Warner was born in Batavia , New York on February 23 , 1836 ; received a public school education ; and became a farmer . He came to Wisconsin in 1852 and settled at Windsor , Wisconsin . In 1857 he was enrolled in classes at the University of Wisconsin . During the American Civil War he assisted in raising a company for the 36th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment , and was mustered in as captain in March , 1864 , joining the Army of the Potomac in May ; within one hundred days the regiment was nearly annihilated in battles around Richmond and Petersburg , during which time he received commissions as major , lieutenant - colonel and colonel . He lost an arm August 14 , 1864 , while in command of the regiment at the Second Battle of Deep Bottom ; he returned to his regiment in November and commanded it until the close of the war ; his regiment participated in the Richmond - Petersburg Campaign in 1864 and 1865 ; was in the final charge April 2 at Petersburg , and present at the surrender of Robert E . Lee at Appomattox Court House April 9 , 1865 ; and mustered out July 12 , 1865 . Public office . Warner was elected to the Senate as a Unionist in 1867 ( succeeding fellow Unionist Willard Chandler ) and as a Republican in 1868 . He was succeeded by Republican Nelson Williams . In 1877 he became Superintendent of the Poor for Dane County . In 1883 he was elected to the second Dane County Assembly district ( Bristol , Burke , Cottage Grove , Deerfield , Medina , Sun Prairie , Vienna , Windsor and York ) to succeed fellow Republican Elisha Keyes for 1883 , receiving 980 votes against 945 for Democrat A . L . Durfey and 1 for Prohibitionist J . F . Taylor . He was not a candidate for re - election in 1884 , and was succeeded by Republican Charles Buell . Heritage . He married Eliza Noble ; their son Ernest Noble Warner would represent Madison in the Wisconsin State Assembly ; his grandson Fred Risser in the State Senate ; and his great - grandson Fred A . Risser would represent Madison both in the Assembly and the State Senate .
Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale was an airfield of the United States Navy just outside Fort Lauderdale , Florida . In 1942 the navy selected Merle Fogg Airport in Fort Lauderdale to expand into a naval air station for both pilot and enlisted aircrew training ( i . e . , gunners , radiomen ) in Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers flown by carrier - based US Navy flight crews and by land - based US Marine Corps flight crews ashore . Additional facilities were used to train aircraft maintenance and other ground crew support for the TBF and TBM series aircraft . Among the Avenger pilots who graduated NAS Fort Lauderdale was former President George H . W . Bush , from a class in 1943 . Several airfields in the immediate vicinity of NAS Fort Lauderdale were commissioned as Navy satellite or outlying fields . Several of these fields continue in operation today as civilian airports , such as Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport and North Perry Airport . Training was difficult and dangerous . From 1942 through 1946 , 94 trainees lost their lives while serving at the Naval Air Station . Fourteen of those men made up a five - aircraft flight , now known as Flight 19 , that disappeared while on a routine training mission on December 5 , 1945 . The need to train Avenger crews having passed , the station was decommissioned after 1946 and the facility was conveyed to the government of Broward County , Florida for use as a civilian airport . Today the facility is known as Fort Lauderdale - Hollywood International Airport . Notes . Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
Victor Cherkashin Victor Ivanovich Cherkashin ( ) was born in 1932 in the village of Krasnoe in the Kursk region was a counter - intelligence officer of the KGB . He joined the KGB in 1952 and retired in 1991 . He was the case officer for both Aldrich Ames , a CIA counter - intelligence officer , and Robert Hanssen , an FBI agent , when they spied for the Soviet Union . Cherkashin served for many years in the KGB ' s First Chief Directorate , the department dedicated to foreign counter - intelligence . His career included tours in Lebanon , India , Australia , West Germany and Washington , DC . Cherkashin married KGB cipher clerk Elena , with whom he has two children ; Alyosha and Alyona . After his retirement from the KGB he established his own private security company in Moscow , where he now lives with Elena . Victor and his wife Elena made an appearance on " " on the Travel channel . He discusses a little about life as a spy and handler but also shows him helping Anthony pick wild mushroom s and then having his wife cook them and share stories while snacking . The show took place at his dacha , country house in a community with other retired KGB .
HMCS Constance HMCS " Constance " was a commissioned minesweeper of the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) during the First World War . Originally built as a fisheries cruiser for the Department of Marine and Fisheries , upon completion she was transferred to the Department of Customs , and was used by the Customs Preventive Service . Along with sister ships CGS " Curlew " , and CGS " Petrel " , " Constance " was fitted with mine sweeping gear in 1912 . All three vessels were taken into naval service after the outbreak of war in 1914 , and were used for patrol or examination duties . After the war , " Constance " was sold for commercial use . Remaining in service until the early 1930s , she was chartered by the Customs Preventive Service in 1928 - 29 .
Ulrich Folkers Ulrich Folkers ( 6 March 1915 in Kiel – killed in action 6 May 1943 in the North Atlantic ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . " U - 125 " was fatally damaged at by the British destroyer HMS " Oribi " and gunfire from the British corvette HMS " Snowflake " . The crew of U - 125 scuttled their boat with 5 explosive charges while almost alongside the HMS Snowflake and waited in the water to be rescued . Another corvette HMS Sunflower did reach the scene about this time . The commander of the corvette radioed the escort commander , Robert Sherwood , RN , in HMS " Tay " but was given the reply : " Not approved to pick up survivors " The corvettes HMS Sunflower and HMS Snowflake then turned back to protect the convoy leaving the men in the water . Kptlt . Folkers and his crew of 54 men died during that night . Summary of career . Ships attacked . As commander of " U - 125 " , Folkers is credited with the sinking of 17 merchant ships totalling .
Australian Army Artillery Museum The Australian Army Artillery Museum was an artillery museum located in North Fort , on the northern head of the entrance to Sydney Harbour , in Sydney , Australia . It was formerly called the " National Artillery Museum " , and had a large collection of the heritage and history of the Royal Australian Artillery . It was administered by the Army History Unit ( AHU ) with the assistance of volunteer members of the Royal Australian Artillery Historical Company ( RAAHC ) . Collections . The museum displayed more than 50 gun s and mortar s and associated equipment , numerous paintings , displays , memorials , and medals . The Library has over 2 , 500 photographs , about 4 , 000 technical and historical books , and unique research material . The collections covered the period from the first European Settlement ( 1788 ) to very recent operations . Facilities . The museum grounds include shaded picnic areas with barbequeues , a Harbour Lookout Area ( the " Observation Platform " ) , World War II fortifications and tunnels ( listed in the Australian Commonwealth National Heritage list ) , and a Café that has extraordinary views of the entrance to Sydney Harbour and the channels to Bradley ' s Head , and Sydney CBD . Closure . As of 19 December 2010 the museum has been closed , the collection will be initially moved into storage at Bandiana , moving eventually to a new army museum facility to be built at Puckapunyal . The move resulted from incompatible objectives of the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust as owner of the site , and the Army History Unit , responsible for the collection .
Fort Richmond ( Maine ) Fort Richmond is a colonial fort built in present - day Richmond , Maine . In 1719 , Fort Richmond was built by Massachusetts on the western bank of the Kennebec River at what is today Richmond village . Named for Ludovic Stewart , 1st Duke of Richmond , the fort included a blockhouse , trading post , chapel , officers ' and soldiers ' quarters , all surrounded by a palisade . During Father Rale ' s War , following the battle at Arrowsic , Maine , Fort Richmond was attacked in a 3 hour siege by warriors from Norridgewock ( 1722 ) . Houses were burned and cattle slain , but the fort held . Brunswick and other settlements near the mouth of the Kennebec were destroyed . The defense was enlarged in 1723 during Father Rale ' s War . On August 19 , 1724 , a militia of 208 soldiers departed Fort Richmond under command of captains Jeremiah Moulton and Johnson Harmon , traveled up the Kennebec in 17 whaleboats , and sacked Norridgewock , killing Sébastien Rale . Fort Richmond would be rebuilt in 1740 , attacked by another tribe in 1750 , then dismantled in 1755 when forts Shirley ( also called Frankfort ) , Western and Halifax were built upriver . References . Endnotes Texts
502nd Tactical Control Group The 502nd Tactical Control Group was a United States Air Force unit that fought in the Korean War . The unit was attached to Far East Air Forces Fifth Air Force . Operational Units : At the beginning of the Korean War , the U . S . Air Force ' s only tactical control group was the 502nd at Pope AFB , NC . To meet the emergency in the theater , the Fifth Air Force organized the 6132nd Tactical Air Control Squadron ( later , Group ) , which established a full - scale Tactical Air Control Center ( TACC ) at Taegu , South Korea , on 23 July 1950 . Less than three months later , the 502nd moved to Korea and in October 1950 , replaced the 6132nd in the mission of directing tactical air operations in Korea . Through its 605th Tactical Control Squadron , the group operated the TACC and worked with the U . S . Army in a Joint Operations Center ( JOC ) . Other squadrons operated tactical air direction centers ( TADC ) , which used stationary and mobile radar and communications equipment to guide aircraft on close air support missions . The group also deployed tactical air control parties ( TACP ) , which accompanied ground units to communicate with USAF strike aircraft . The TACPs followed advancing UN troops into North Korea in October and November 1950 , but the Chinese Communist offensive soon overran several of them . The 502nd headquarters and the TACC , which operated at Seoul in November and part of December , were forced to return to Taegu at the end of the year . During the spring and summer of 1951 , the 502nd directed night bombing of enemy targets , including troop concentrations , supply dumps , and motor convoys . As UN ground forces drove the enemy back across the 38th parallel , the group , TACC , and JOC returned to Seoul in June . In October , the 502nd set up a communications station 100 miles behind enemy lines on Cho - do ( Cho Island ) , three miles off the North Korean coast . From this location the detachment guided UN fighters against enemy airplanes in MiG Alley , bombers against strategic targets along the Yalu River , and search and rescue aircraft toward survivors who had ditched at sea . On 6 June 1952 , the 502nd was instrumental in the destruction of nine MiG - 15 aircraft through highly effective control procedures to maneuver F - 86 Sabres into attack positions . The following month , the 502nd guided warplanes in devastating attacks on enemy troop formations , which blunted communist offensives until the was signed in July 1953 . Stations :
Allan Gwynne - Jones Allan Gwynne - Jones CBE DSO RA ( 27 March 1892 – 5 August 1982 ) was an English painter . Gwynne - Jones was born in Richmond , Surrey . He was educated at Bedales School and then qualified as a solicitor , but never practised . He instead developed a love of art and began painting watercolour s . In 1914 he began a course at the Slade School of Fine Art , but three months later was commissioned into the Welsh Guards Cheshire Regiment . He was wounded and awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) at the Battle of the Somme in 1916 . After demobilisation in 1919 he taught at the Royal College of Art where he became Professor of Painting between 1923 and 1930 , when he resigned to join the staff of the Slade School of Fine Art . He continued teaching at the Slade until 1958 , gaining renown for his own painting , most notably portraits and paintings of flowers . Gwynne - Jones became a Royal Academician in 1956 . He was rather belatedly appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in 1980 , only two years before his death .
Spencer ' s Additional Continental Regiment Spencer ' s Additional Continental Regiment or 5th New Jersey Regiment was an American infantry unit that served for four years in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War . The Continental Congress authorized the unit in January 1777 and it assembled at Monmouth Court House , New Jersey in the spring . Commanded by Colonel Oliver Spencer , the regiment consisted of one Pennsylvania and seven New Jersey companies . It transferred into the 3rd Pennsylvania Brigade in May 1777 and fought at Brandywine and Germantown in the late summer and fall of 1777 . The unit went through the winter at Valley Forge and was present at the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778 . The regiment absorbed Forman ' s Additional Continental Regiment and part of Malcolm ' s Additional Continental Regiment in April 1779 . Spencer ' s Regiment went on the Sullivan Expedition in the summer of 1779 where it fought with the New Jersey Brigade . The unit was transferred to the Highland Department in September 1780 and disbanded in January 1781 . Service record . < br > < br > Bibliography . < br >
Berlin Decree The Berlin Decree was issued by Napoleon on November 21 , 1806 , following the French success against Prussia at the Battle of Jena . The decree forbade the import of British goods into European countries allied with or dependent upon France , and installed the Continental System in Europe . Any ships who had been discovered trading with Great Britain were liable to French maritime attacks and seizures . His plan was to unite the European countries against Britain . But it failed because he could not control all of Europe . It eventually led to economic ruin for France , while little happened to the economy of Britain , which had control of the Atlantic Ocean trade . Other European nations removed themselves from the Continental System , which led in part to the downfall of Napoleon . The Milan decree for the same purposes was issued the next year .
USS Gentry ( DE - 349 ) USS Gentry ( DE - 349 ) was a " John C . Butler " – class destroyer escort acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II . The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy , in addition to other tasks as assigned , such as patrol or radar picket . " Gentry " was named after Wayne Roy Gentry who was killed in action 2 November 1942 in the Solomon Islands area while serving as a pilot in a Marine Scout - Bombing Squadron and was posthumously awarded the Air Medal . She was laid down 13 December 1943 by the Consolidated Steel Corporation , Orange , Texas , launched 15 February 1944 ; sponsored by Miss Jean Maxine Gentry , Lt . Gentry ' s sister ; and commissioned 14 June 1944 , Lt . Comdr . D . A . Smith in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . Following shakedown off Bermuda and duty as a school ship at Norfolk , Virginia , the " Gentry " arrived New York 25 September 1944 . Between 6 October and 23 December , she made two round - trip , convoy - escort voyages out of New York to Marseilles , France , and Oran , Algeria . The " Gentry " then sailed from New London , Connecticut , 9 January 1945 ; escorted submarines and to Key West , Florida . Transfer to the Pacific Fleet . She then continued via the Panama Canal to the Western Pacific , arriving at Manus , Admiralties on 20 February . During the next four months the " Gentry " escorted convoys between New Guinea and the Philippines , throughout the Philippine Archipelago , and from Manila Bay and Leyte Gulf to the Palaus and Western Carolines . In July she escorted a convoy to Okinawa and served on picket duty before returning Leyte late in the month . End - of - war activity . After the Japanese capitulation 15 August , the " Gentry " continued escorting convoys out of Leyte Gulf to New Guinea , Manila Bay , and Okinawa . In addition , she served on air - sea rescue patrol in Leyte Gulf until 27 November when she departed Leyte for the United States . Arriving Los Angeles , California , 18 December , she was towed to San Diego , California , 6 April 1946 . Post - war decommissioning . The " Gentry " decommissioned there 2 July 1946 and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Stockton , California . She was later transferred to Mare Island , California . She was stricken 15 January 1972 and sold for scrapping 15 January 1973 .
9th Division ( Japan ) The is one of nine active divisions of the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force . The division is subordinated to the North Eastern Army and is headquartered in Aomori . Its responsibility is the defense of Akita , Aomori and Iwate prefectures . The division was raised on 15 August 1962 .