naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Brazilian Army Aviation Command The Brazilian Army Aviation Command ( ) is a component of the Brazilian Army containing the army ' s helicopter units . Tasks . The task of the Brazilian Army Aviation Command is to provide organic airmobility and support the ground forces by providing tactical air support , close air support and reconnaissance . History . The origin of the Brazilian Army Aviation lies in the Paraguayan War , with on the one side Brazil , Argentina and Uruguay ( the Triple Alliance ) and on the other Paraguay , when the commander - in - chief of the Brazilian forces , Duke of Caxias , deployed observation balloons in the field to observe the enemy troops . One of the first army aviators was Ricardo Kirk during the Contestado War 1912 – 1916 , using monoplanes to support ground forces . These missions were predominantly flown for reconnaissance purposes . In 1941 , upon the creation of the Aeronautics Ministry and of the Brazilian Air Force ( FAB ) , Military Aviation , which was the name of the army branch that operated the aircraft , ended its operations as all flying tasks brought under the aegis of the Brazilian Air Force . In 1986 , however , it was re - established under the name of Army Aviation to operate helicopters in support of the Brazilian Army . Organisation . Brazilian Army Aviation has six units at its disposal : Army Aviation Command also operates and maintains the infrastructures of the Taubaté Military Airfield , thus guaranteeing the aeronautic activity of the units . The 4th Army Aviation Battalion , based in Manaus , uses the aeronautic infrastructure provided by the Brazilian Air Force Manaus Air Base . Aircraft . The Brazilian Army Aviation Command has 82 helicopters in service and operates the following ;
HMS Princess ( 1661 ) HMS " Princess " was a 44 - gun fourth - rate frigate of the English Royal Navy , built at Lydney and launched in August 1660 . By 1666 her armament had been increased to 52 guns . " Princess " was broken up in November 1680 .
HAVE QUICK HAVE QUICK ( also HAVEQUICK , short HQ ) is a frequency - hopping system used to protect military UHF radio traffic . Since the end of World War II , U . S . and Allied military aircraft have used AM radios in the " NATO harmonised 225 – 400 MHz UHF band " for short range air - to - air and ground - to - air communications . During development and the procurement of UHF radios , military planners did not require features to secure communications for aircraft and helicopter s from jamming until the post - Vietnam War era . Progress in electronics in the 1970s reached a point where anyone with an inexpensive radio frequency scanner or receiver set could intercept military communications . Once the target frequencies were identified , radio frequency jamming could easily be employed to degrade or completely disable communications . The HAVE QUICK program was a response to this problem . Engineers recognized that newer aircraft radios already included all - channel frequency synthesizer s along with keyboards and displays for data entry . The only other system requirements to achieve the desired anti - jam functionality were an accurate clock ( for timed synchronization ) and a microprocessor to add frequency hopping to existing radios . Aircraft and ground radios that employ HAVE QUICK must be initialized with accurate Time Of Day ( TOD ) ( usually from a GPS receiver ) , a Word Of the Day ( WOD ) which serves as a key , and a NET number ( providing mode selection and multiple networks to use the same word of the day ) . The word of the day , time of day and net number are input to a cryptographic pseudorandom number generator that controls the frequency changes . HAVE QUICK is not an encryption system , though many HAVE QUICK radios can be used with encryption , e . g . the KY - 58 VINSON system . HAVE QUICK is not compatible with SINCGARS , the VHF - FM radios used by ground forces , which operate in a different radio band and use a different frequency hopping method ; however some newer radios support both . Utilisation in the US and NATO . HAVE QUICK was well adopted , and in 2007 nearly all U . S . military aircraft as well as those of NATO use it . Improvements include HAVE QUICK II Phase 2 , and a " Second generation Anti - Jam Tactical UHF Radio for NATO " called SATURN . The latter features more complex frequency hopping .
M1128 Stryker MGS The M1128 or Stryker MGS is a mobile gun derivative of the Stryker APC , a devirative of the MOWAG Piranha with a mounted Royal Ordnance L7 105mm cannon . Description . The Stryker AGS is one of the most controversial versions of this vehicle derived from the original draft of the MOWAG Piranha . Continues today under discussion the validity of putting a gun to 105mm high - power in a highly mobile vehicle with 8x8 traction . The ' war ' between wheels and tracks especially in the U . S . Army did not cease to exist , several competing concepts on which some assert the need to maintain forces based on vehicles with the tactical advantage that only the tracks can provide , while there are those who say greater speed of vehicles on wheels , turns out to mean much more mobile and also a tactical advantage . The Stryker AGS has the capability to shoot on the move and carries 18 105mm ammunition that can be triggered automatically . The main gun can fire ammunition as much kinetic energy as piercing ammunition and explosive ammunition or even deformable ammunition ( known as HESH ) . The vehicle have means of target acquisition that are common in modern armored vehicles and their high firepower puts the Stryker nearly the level of a modern tank , if not considered his armor that is pretty light compared to a MBT . The Stryker has been one of the most critical vehicle of the U . S . Armed Forces and one of the reasons lies precisely in the fact that its use on the battlefield can lead to its use against vehicles with more armor . Moreover the use of the Stryker in environments of high - intensity war , does highlight the weakness and weakness of his armor . Actually , the Stryker was initially limited to a maximum weight of about 18 tons , precisely because of the requirements in the initial specification was the need for him to be transported by a C - 130 . The vehicle suffered though some increases in weight and from 2002 the standard version already exceeded 20 tonnes , which led again to a redesign of the concept to try to reduce weight .
Vaxholm Fortress Vaxholm Fortress is a historic fortification on an island in the Stockholm archipelago just east of the Swedish village of Vaxholm . In 1970 , it was used as a movie location for the pirate stronghold in " Pippi in the South Seas " . A scenic view of the castle may be seen from the car ferry which plies the short distance between Vaxholm and the island Rindö . History . The fortress was originally constructed by Gustav Vasa in 1544 to defend Stockholm against shipborne attacks from the east , but most of the current structure dates from 1833 - 1863 . Russian prisoners - of - war were used in part to build the fortress . The stretch of water below the building was formerly the main sea route to Stockholm . Thus , the fortress was strategically situated to defend the city from naval attacks . It was attacked by the Danes in 1612 and the Russia n navy in 1719 . Since the mid 19th century , its military importance has ceased . Today , it is home to the Swedish National Museum of Coastal Defence .
No . 456 Squadron RAAF No . 456 Squadron RAAF was a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) night fighter squadron , operational over Europe during World War II . Amongst other achievements , the squadron was the first RAAF unit to use a roundel featuring a red kangaroo in a blue circle , on some parts of its aircraft . While this insignia was unofficial and the squadron ' s main markings conformed to the RAF roundel s used by British and other Commonwealth units , it inspired the post - war roundel used by the RAAF . History . No . 456 Squadron was formed on 30 June 1941 at RAF Valley , Isle of Anglesey , Wales in the United Kingdom under the Empire Air Training Scheme as a night fighter squadron , equipped with Defiant turret - fighters . The Squadron was soon re - equipped with Beaufighters and scored its first kill in January 1942 . In December 1942 the Squadron was re - equipped with Mosquito fighters and began offensive ( " Ranger " ) missions over Europe . No . 456 Squadron continued in the fighter and ground attack roles until the end of the European war when it was disbanded on 15 June 1945 at RAF Bradwell Bay , Essex .
Xu Rong ( general ) Xu Rong ( died 192 ) was a military general serving under the warlord Dong Zhuo during the late Han Dynasty of China . Biography . Xu Rong was originally from Xuantu commandery ( 玄菟郡 ) of You Province . In the year 190 , when Yuan Shao led the campaign against Dong Zhuo , Xu Rong successively defeated the forces of Cao Cao and Sun Jian , who were part of the alliance to put down Dong Zhuo . When Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Lü Bu and Wang Yun , Xu Rong served Wang Yun in the new government . Afterwards , Li Jue and Guo Si , former generals under Dong Zhuo , led an army and attacked Chang ' an . Xu Rong , along with his ally Hu Zhen , went out to do battle against the invading army . Xu Rong , however , was defeated and slain in battle . In fiction . The historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , is a dramatic novelization of the events of the Three Kingdoms era . In it , after Dong Zhuo moved his capital from Luoyang to Chang ' an , Cao Cao set off in pursuit of Dong Zhuo ' s forces . According to the story , Xu Rong intercepted Cao Cao ' s army but Cao Cao ' s trusted general Xiahou Dun impaled him with a spear . In recorded history , Xu Rong ' s ambush of Cao Cao was successful , and Cao Cao would have been killed if he had not been rescued by his cousin , Cao Hong .
Sidney Marks Sidney Michael " Mickey " Marks ( January 8 , 1919 – March 23 , 1995 ) was a Major General in the United States Army and an All - American wrestler . Early life . Marks was born in Keota , Oklahoma to Sidney Z . and Pearl J . ( Smith ) Marks . After his father became a permanent patient at the Veteran ' s Administration Hospital in Little Rock , Arkansas , Marks and his siblings were raised in the American Legion Children ' s Home ( now the Marland Children ' s Home ) in Ponca City , OK . Marks attended college at $ 3 , graduating in 1942 with a B . S . in Military Science . While there he was a member of the 1942 national championship wrestling team , named as an All - American but losing the national championship final in the 128 pound class to Burl Jennings . Army career . Marks entered the Army as an Infantry officer in 1942 . He saw combat as a battalion liaison officer in the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment during World War II . During the Korean War he served as a commander of an infantry battalion . From 1960 to 1962 he commanded the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment stationed in Germany . During 1966 and 1967 he was in command of the 1st Infantry Division ' s 3rd Brigade in Vietnam . He was promoted to Major General in 1971 and in 1973 became the United States Army Alaska commanding general . In 1975 he became the deputy commanding general of the 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg . During his career Marks was decorated with the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster , the Legion of Merit with five oak leaf clusters , the Distinguished Flying Cross , the Bronze Star with five oak leaf clusters , the Air Medal with twenty - six oak leaf clusters , the Purple Heart , the Soldier ' s Medal , and the Army Commendation with oak leaf cluster . Personal life . Marks married Sybil Combs on June 6 , 1946 . Their children are Steven Michael , Sharon Lynne and Sally Kim Marks . Marks retired to Fayetteville , North Carolina .
Erich Mix Erich Mix ( 27 June 1898 in Labuhnken ( Trzcińsk ) in Starogard Gdański ( West Prussia ) – 9 April 1971 in Wiesbaden ) was a German politician , member of the Nazi Party , later a member of the FDP and Flying ace during World War II . Mix fought as an infantryman in World War I before he trained as a fighter pilot and posted to Jagdstaffel 54 , where , as an " Unteroffizer " from June 1918 until the end of the war , he scored 3 aerial victories ( plus one unconfirmed balloon ) of " Jasta " 54 ' s total of 22 victories , for which he was awarded both Classes of the Iron Cross . After the war , he studied law at the University of Greifswald and made a career as a leading administrative official . In 1934 , he became Mayor of Tilsit ( 1934 to 1937 ) , later of Wiesbaden ( 1 April 1937 to 1945 and again from 25 February 1954 to 25 February 1960 ) . In the following year , he started flying again , training as an observer and as a fighter pilot in 1937 . Serving as technical officer with I . / JG 53 at the outbreak of World War II , Mix claimed 3 French Morane fighters over Saargemund on 21 September 1939 , and four more on 22 November 1939 over Saarbrücken . Appointed to command III . / JG 2 in March 1940 , three more Moranes were claimed on 21 May 1940 , although Mix was shot down and forced to land in a field near Roye on 21 May in Bf 109E - 3 W . Nr . 1526 . After being hospitalized , Mix returned to III . / JG 2 on 19 June . He left France with his unit and relocated to Frankfurt / Rhein - Main on 1 July . On 27 July , the unit returned to Évreux - West until 4 August . Mix claimed a Hawker Hurricane on 4 September . Mix remained " Gruppenkommandeur " of III . / JG 2 until 24 September 1940 , when he became one of the older commanders dismissed by a frustrated Goering in favour of the younger , up - and - coming aces of 1940 ; in Mix ' s case , Hpt . Otto Bertram . Mix ' s final claim was a Bristol Blenheim over den Haag in July 1941 , while commanding JG 1 . He later served as " Jafu Bretagne " ( Fighter Leader , Brittany ) from April 1943 onwards . During World War II , he claimed 8 ( potentially 13 ) aerial victories .
Thales Australia Thales Australia ( formerly ADI Limited ) is a primary defence contractor for the Australian Defence Force . Thales Australia is best known for its naval ship repair operations , and currently leases the Captain Cook graving dock at Garden Island Naval Base in Sydney , New South Wales and also leases and occupies many of the buildings there . ADI ' s large site in St Mary ' s in western Sydney is progressively being repatriated for residential development with their munitions capability being consolidated in Benalla , Victoria and their testing facilities being sold to Vipac Engineers and Scientists . ADI manufactured the Steyr AUG based , F88 Austeyr assault rifle at Lithgow Small Arms Factory . ADI also produced a variety of smokeless powders for reloading rifle , pistol & shotgun cartridges , production of Australian armoured vehicles , such as the Bushmaster , Hawkei and producing Australian specific modifications to imported military vehicles . In previous years , ADI was the sole defence contractor in Australia , although this changed with the creation of the Tenix Group company , Tenix Defence . ADI was based on Garden Island Naval Base in Sydney , New South Wales , though they also maintained a R & D / Custom production facility in Brisbane , Australia . In 2004 they applied to the Australian Equal Opportunities Commission to exclude workers of certain nationalities for security reasons . In October 2006 , the Australian federal government allowed Transfield Holdings to sell their 50 % shareholding in ADI to the Thales Group ' s Australian holdings , the Australian branch of the French military engineering firm . All ADI operations have been taken over by the company , which is now known as Thales Australia .
Interim Fast Attack Vehicle The Interim Fast Attack Vehicle ( IFAV ) is a vehicle deployed and used by the United States Marine Force Recon and Marine Expeditionary Unit s . Force Recon used to operate a fleet of Desert Patrol Vehicle s ( formerly known as Fast Attack Vehicles or FAVs for short ) , popularized by the Navy SEALs as the " black dune buggy . " However , this vehicle lacked cargo capacity and firepower , so Force Recon moved to a militarized Mercedes - Benz G - Class , also known as a G - wagon , 290 GDT diesel 4×4 , a much more traditional " Jeep " type truck . The vehicle has only minimal armor , but numerous defensive weapons , including a Mk 19 automatic 40 mm grenade launcher . This vehicle is manufactured by Magna Steyr ( Austria ) for Mercedes - Benz ( Germany ) . Overview . The USMC Interim Fast Attack Vehicle ( IFAV ) is a modified version of the Mercedes - Benz Geländewagen 290 . It replaces the modified M - 151A2 1 / 4 ton truck ( MUTT jeep ) used by the Marines as a FAV in the 1990s . The U . S . Marine Corps acquired 157 of the IFAVs distributed as follows :
Führerreserve The Führerreserve ( “ Officers Reserve ” ) was set up in 1939 as a pool of temporarily unoccupied high military officers waiting for new assignments in the German Armed Forces during World War II . The various military branches and army groups each had their own pool which they could use as they saw fit . The officers were required to remain at their assigned stations and be available to their superiors , but could not exercise any command function , which was equivalent to a temporary retirement while retaining their previous income . Especially in the second half of the war , more and more politically problematic , troublesome , or militarily incompetent officers were assigned to the Führerreserve . Examples : Major Karl August Meinel , 1 August 1942 , was shifted into the Führerreserve , because on 13 January 1942 he wrote a critical report to General Hermann Reinecke on the segregation and execution of Russian prisoners of war in prison camp Stalag VII - A by the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst SD ( security service ) of the Reichsführer SS ( Heinrich Himmler ) . Stalag VII - A was north of Moosburg , a Bavarian town close to Munich . Georg Thomas , head of the Military Economics and Armament Office of the Armed Forces Supreme Command , played an essential role in drawing up the starvation policy for the occupied Eastern territories . He was transferred to the Officers Reserve on 20 November 1942 and arrested after the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt on Hitler because of his contacts with the resistance . Franz Halder , head of the army general staff , planned army operations from 1939 to 1941 . He was dismissed in 1942 and transferred to the Officers Reserve . After the assassination attempt on Hitler of 20 July 1944 , his involvement in a conspiracy in 1938 came to light , which led to his arrest and imprisonment in Flossenbürg concentration camp . He was freed by U . S . troops in May 1945 . Walther von Brauchitsch became Supreme Commander of the Army in 1938 and was decisively involved in planning Operation Barbarossa . He was dismissed on 19 December 1941 because of the military defeat at Moscow and transferred to the Officers Reserve .
William John ( Medal of Honor ) William F . John ( October 23 , 1844 – 1927 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863 .
Assegai An assegai or assagai ( Arabic az - zaġāyah , originally from Berber " zaġāya " " spear " , Old French " azagaie " , Spanish " azagaya " , Italian " zagaglia " ) is a pole weapon used for throwing or hurling , usually a light spear or javelin made of wood and pointed with iron . Area of use . The use of various types of the assegai was widespread all over Africa and it was the most common weapon used before the introduction of firearms . The Zulu and other Nguni tribes of South Africa were renowned for their use of the assegai . Shaka of the Zulu invented a shorter - style spear with a two foot shaft and which had a larger , broader blade one foot long . This weapon is otherwise known as the iklwa or ixwa , for it was the sound that was heard as it was withdrawn from the victim ' s wound . It was used as a stabbing weapon during mêlée attacks . The traditional spear was not discarded but was used for a softening range attack on enemy formations before closing in for close quarters battle with the assegai . This tactical combination originated during Shaka ' s military reforms . Botany . It is also the name of a southern African tree ( " Curtisia dentata " ) whose wood was suitable for making spears or lances , most notably by the Bantu peoples of southern Africa . References . as · se · gai or as · sa · gai ( s - g ) n . 1 . A light spear or lance , especially one with a short shaft and long blade for close combat , used by Bantu peoples of southern Africa . sourced from - http : / / www . thefreedictionary . com / assegais
Panssarimiina m / 39 The Panssarimiina m / 39 is a Finnish anti - tank blast mine used during the Winter War , Second World War and Continuation War . The mine superseded the Panssarimiina m / 36 in service with the Finnish Army . It was first delivered in December 1939 while the Winter War was taking place . Though it was simpler to produce than the earlier m / 36 it was still too complicated , and supply was outstripped by demand . This spawned the rapid design and development of the wooden Panssarimiina m / S - 39 which could be largely produced without the use of metal working machinery . The mine proved to have too little explosive content to reliably break the tracks of the latest Russian tanks , so a supplemental charges were issued , consisting of 2 . 5 kg of TNT in a metal box , they could be buried under the mine to supplement the main charge . Where these supplemental charges were not available a second mine was buried under the first .
Battle of the House in the Horseshoe The Battle of the House in the Horseshoe was a minor engagement during the American Revolution between loyalist militia under the command of David Fanning and patriot militia under the command of Phillip Alston , the owner of the House in the Horseshoe . The battle , which took place on either July 29 or August 5 , 1781 ( with July 29 being the most accepted date ) , ended in a victory for the loyalists . The surrender terms between the combatants were negotiated by Alston ' s wife on behalf of the patriots , and by Fanning for the loyalists .