naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Troop A troop is a military unit , originally a small force of cavalry , subordinate to a squadron . In many armies a troop is the equivalent unit to the infantry section or platoon . Exceptions are the Royal Horse Artillery and the US Cavalry , where troop refers to an infantry company or artillery battery . A cavalry soldier of private rank is called a trooper in many Commonwealth armies ( abbreviated " Tpr . " , not to be confused with " trouper " ) . A related sense of the term " troop " refers to members of the military collectively , as in " the troops " ; see Troop ( disambiguation ) . " Troop " shares a linguistic origin with " troupe " , though their meanings had diverged . Troops in various forces . Today , a troop is defined differently in different armed forces . In the Australian Army a troop is the equivalent of a platoon sized element in units of certain corps , those being : The SASR is the only unit in the Royal Australian Infantry Corps to use the term troop to refer to its platoon size elements . SASR troops are also unusual as they are commanded by a captain — most troop / platoon sized elements are commanded by a lieutenant . In all cases , units which refer to platoon sized elements as troops refer to company - sized elements as squadrons and battalion - sized elements as regiments . Privates in the RAAC and SASR hold the rank " trooper " , however this is not the case for any other Corps / units which use the term troops . In the British Army the definition of a troop varies by corps . Other army corps do not use the term . In the Royal Marines , a troop is the equivalent to an army platoon . In the Canadian Army , a troop is the equivalent of a platoon within the Armoured , Artillery , Engineer , and Signals branches . Two to four troops comprise the main elements of a squadron . In the United States Army , in the cavalry branch , a troop is the equivalent unit to the infantry company , commanded by a captain and consisting of three or four platoons , and subordinate to a squadron ( battalion ) . Companies were renamed troops in 1883 . In the Russian Imperial Army ( cavalry ) troop was equivalent to eskadron ( Russian squadron ) or sotnia ( Cossack formations ) . Troops in civilian organizations . In the United States , state police forces are often regionally divided into troops . This usage came about from these organizations modeling themselves off the US Army , and especially the older cavalry units . For this same reason the state police and highway patrol personnel of most states are known as " trooper " rather than " officer " . In Scouting , a troop is a unit made up of Scouts or Guides from the same locality under a leader .
Operation Harborage During the final days of World War II , Operation Harborage was part of the overall Allied operation to capture German atomic weapons scientists , material and facilities . Harborage teams were directed toward the cities of Hechingen , Bisingen and Haigerloch . These centers of the German nuclear effort were all scheduled to be occupied by the French . By ensuring American technical intelligence units swept the area , the French were locked out of the lively post - war trade in nuclear scientists .
114th Jäger Division ( Wehrmacht ) 114th " Jäger " Division was a German infantry division of World War II . It was formed in April 1943 , following the reorganization and redesignation of the 714th Infantry Division . The 714th Division had been formed in May 1941 , and transferred to Yugoslavia to conduct anti - partisan and Internal security operations . It was involved in Operation Delphin which was an anti - partisan operation in Croatia that took place between 15 November and 1 December 1943 . The objective of the mission was to destroy the Partisan elements on the Dalmatian islands off central Dalmatia . The division was transferred to Italy in January 1944 , to reinforce the Anzio front . It was destroyed in combat in that theater in April 1945 . Background . The main purpose of the German " jäger " divisions was to fight in adverse terrain where smaller , coordinated formations were more facilely combat capable than the brute force offered by the standard infantry divisions . The " jäger " divisions were more heavily equipped than mountain division , but not as well armed as a larger infantry formation . In the early stages of the war , they were the interface divisions fighting in rough terrain and foothills as well as urban areas , between the mountains and the plains . The " jäger " s ( it means " hunters " in German ) , relied on a high degree of training and slightly superior communications , as well as their not inconsiderable artillery support . In the middle stages of the war , as the standard infantry divisions were down - sized , the " Jäger " model , with two infantry regiments , came to dominate the standard tables of organization . The 114th " Jäger " Division was implicated in a war crime in the village of Filetto di Camarda , when seventeen men were shot in retaliation for the killing of four German soldiers on 7 June 1944 and parts of the village were burned down . The officer in command at the time was Matthias Defregger , who became a bishop in Munich after the war and was forced to resign when investigations of the killing were reopened in 1969 . The division also took part in the shooting of forty civilians in Gubbio on 22 June 1944 , in reprisal for a partisan attack . This formation was one of those singled out in exhibit UK - 66 , the British report on " German reprisals for Partisan activities in Italy " at the International Military Tribunal war crimes trial in Nuremberg : Evidence has been found to show that a large number of the atrocities in Italy were committed by the " Fallschirm - Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring " , 1st Parachute Division , 16th " SS Panzergrenadier " Division and the 114th " Jäger " Division .
USS LST - 566 USS " LST - 566 " was a United States Navy " LST - 542 " - class tank landing ship in commission from 1944 to 1946 . From 1952 to 1973 , she served in a non - commissioned status in the Military Sea Transportation Service and the Military Sealift Command as USNS " LST - 566 " ( T - LST - 566 ) . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 566 " was laid down on 17 March 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . launched on 11 May 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . George C . Martin ; and commissioned on 29 May 1944 . Service history . " LST - 566 " saw no combat action in World War II . Following World War II , " LST - 566 " performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China until early March 1946 . She was decommissioned on 11 March 1946 . On 31 March 1952 , " LST - 566 " was transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service — from 1970 the Military Sealift Command — which placed her in non - commissioned service as USNS " LST - 566 " ( T - LST - 566 ) until she was stricken from the Navy List on 1 November 1973 . Transfer to the Philippines . USNS " LST - 566 " was transferred to the Philippine Navy on 13 September 1976 . Her hulk was reported to be abandoned and aground in the Kalayaan Islands in the Spratly Islands in 2007 .
Alexander Malins Lafone Alexander Malins Lafone VC ( 19 August 1870 – 27 October 1917 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Background . He was educated at Dulwich College . Lafone fought in the Second Boer War in various regiments , was invalided in 1901 and ended as a lieutenant in the Imperial Yeomanry . He then stayed on in Africa working for the Colonial Office as an Assistant Resident in Northern Nigeria . Recurrent attacks of fever forced him back to England where he worked and kept up his connections with the Army . Victoria Cross . Lafone was 47 years old when he was awarded the VC . He was a major in the 1 / 1st ( County of London ) Yeomanry ( Middlesex , Duke of Cambridge ' s ) British Army during the First World War when he participated on 27 October 1917 at the Battle of Buqqar Ridge , at the end of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine , during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . His citation from the " London Gazette " reads : Today the 1 / 1st ( County of London ) Yeomanry ( Middlesex , Duke of Cambridge ' s ) is succeeded by 47th ( Middlesex Yeomanry ) Signal Squadron The Medal . His Victoria Cross is held at his old school , Dulwich College .
Operational Service Medal for the Democratic Republic of Congo The Operational Service Medal for the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a 21st - century British armed forces campaign medal , awarded mostly to military personnel serving with the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( MONUC ) and the associated European Union Force ( EUFOR DR Congo ) deployment since about 2000 . Medal . The medal is silver and circular in shape and designed as follows : Clasp . " DROC " clasp awarded with every medal , silver rosette denotes clasp on ribbon . Ribbon . The ribbon is a broad central red stripe , flanked each side by a stripe of navy blue and one of light blue , to represent the three services , with an outer stripe of ochre , to represent the Congolese landscape . Qualifying criteria . The medal with clasp is awarded for 25 days continuous service in the Ituri Province between June 14 and September 10 , 2003 .
Nakagawa Kiyohide Nakagawa Kiyohide ( 中川 清秀 ; 1542 – June 6 , 1583 ) was a " daimyo " in Azuchi - Momoyama period . His childhood name was Nakagawa Toranosuke ( 中川 虎之助 ) . His common name was Nakagawa Sebe ( 中川 瀬兵衛 ) . His father was Nakagawa Shigekiyo . Nakagawa Hidemasa and Nakagawa Hidenari were his sons . Furuta Oribe ' s wife was Kiyohide ' s young sister . At first , Kiyohide served Ikeda Katsumasa , who was from a powerful clan at Settsu Province . He became independent along with Araki Murashige and Takayama Ukon at Settsu Province afterward . When Oda Nobunaga marched his armies into Kyoto , Kiyohide surrendered and served him . In 1572 , he and Murashige killed Wada Koremasa . In 1578 , when Murashige rebelled against Nobunaga , Kiyohide , acting in concert , also rebelled . However , when Nobunaga came to attack with a large army , Kiyohide surrendered and attacked Murashige instead . After Murashige has been defeated , Kiyohide took part in various battles under Niwa Nagashige and Ikeda Tsuneoki . In 1582 , he served Hashiba Hideyoshi after Nobunaga died , and was active in the Battle of Yamazaki . In 1583 , he was the second vanguard of Hideyoshi ' s force at the Battle of Shizugatake , and held Oiwayama - fort ( Oiwayama - toride , 大岩山砦 ) with Takayama Ukon and Miyoshi Hidetsugu . Then Sakuma Morimasa , who was a brave military commander of Shibata Katsuie , attacked hard , and Kiyohide died in the battle at the age of 42 . His grave is at Bairin - ji ( 梅林寺 ) , Ibaraki , Osaka Prefecture . His second son , Hidenari became the first leader of Oka clan at Bungo Province afterwards . The Oka clan continued until Meiji Period .
William J . Donahue William J . " Bill " Donahue ( born February 10 , 1945 ) is a retired Lieutenant General for the United States Air Force who transformed networks and communications during his long career . He retired in May 2000 as the Director of Communications and Information at Air Force Headquarters and Commander of the Air Force Communications and Information Center in Washington , D . C . During his 33 - year Air Force career , Donahue served in a variety of communications , information , command and control positions at virtually every level in the Air Force . During his active - duty career , Donahue led the Internet and information technology transformation in the Air Force . Donahue has an undergraduate degree in mathematics and a masters degree in logistics management from the Air Force Institute of Technology . He is also a graduate of the National War College , the executive development program of the University of California , Berkeley , and the national security program of Harvard ' s John F . Kennedy School of Government . Since retirement from the Air Force , Donahue has worked in the government information technology industry . He is executive vice president , Federal Solutions for Sytel and is a member of several corporate and advisory boards for leading information technology companies . From 2000 - 2003 Donahue was Vice President and General Manager for CSC ' s Aerospace business unit where he had operational responsibility for the delivery of information technology solutions , support services , and space systems solutions to the Air Force . He currently is involved in promoting and advocating for diabetes research . Air Force Biography . Lt . Gen . Donahue was director , communications and information , Headquarters U . S . Air Force , and commander , Air Force Communications and Information Center , Washington , D . C . He was responsible for strategic plans , doctrine , policies , architecture and standards for communications and information systems in the Air Force . He was the functional manager for more than 75 , 000 communications and information professionals in the Air Force . He was responsible for three field operating agencies : the Air Force Communications Agency , the Air Force Pentagon Communications Agency and the Air Force Frequency Management Agency . The general entered active duty in September 1966 and was commissioned in November 1966 through Officer Training School . He has commanded two communications groups and has served as the chief communications - computer officer for the Iceland Defense Force , two numbered air forces and two major commands .
Theodore Friederick Ulrich Major Theodore Friederick Ulrich DSO and Two Bars ( 10 December 1888 - 12 December 1963 ) was an Australian officer in the First Australian Imperial Force during World War I . Born in Ararat , Victoria to a family of German ancestry , he spent his childhood in Melbourne and early adult life employed as a clerk for a firm under the ownership of Sir Charles Wellington Connibere . In 1910 he enlisted in the Australian Armed Forces , serving in the 1st Battalion of the 2 / 6th until 1912 when he transferred to the East Melbourne Regiment . Ulrich was shipped out to Egypt as a lieutenant in October 1914 . In April 1915 he landed at Gallipoli and was promoted to captain two days later . He succumbed to illness in November and was evacuated , recuperating until February 1916 whereupon he deployed in France as a major , and shortly after a brigade major . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order during the Battle of the Somme as well as being mentioned in dispatches . He took command of a battalion in July 1917 , and was wounded at the Battle of Ypres in October that year but needed only a few days to recuperate . In April 1918 his assumed command as a temporary lieutenant colonel after his superior officer was killed . He led his command at the Battle of Lihons and the Battle of Herleville Wood where he received a Bar to his Distinguished Service Order , and was twice more mentioned in dispatches . Ulbrich was returned to Australia in 1919 and placed in command of militia units . He moved into business as a butcher and was married . He remained in civilian life until the outbreak of World War II where he was given command of an Australian - based garrison until 1945 when he retired once more to business .
USS Chimariko ( ATF - 154 ) USS " Chimariko " ( ATF - 154 ) was an " Abnaki " class Fleet Ocean Tug of the United States Navy and the first to be named Chimariko after the Native American tribe in California . She was laid down as ( AT - 154 ) at Charleston Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co . , Charleston S . C . On 15 May 1944 she was redesignated " Fleet Ocean Tug ( ATF - 149 ) . " She was launched on 30 December 1944 ( Sponsored by Mrs . G . Davis ) and commissioned USS " Chimariko " ( ATF - 154 ) on 28 April 1945 , Lieutenant Walter R . Wurzler , USNR , in command . Departing Norfolk , Va . Final Disposition . " Chimariko " was transferred to Maritime Administration custody in 1962 , but was returned to the Navy in August 1976 for use as a salvage training hulk . Later employed as a target , she was sunk in deep water off Southern California on 27 August 1978 . She now lies at rest in 1150 fathoms at 032 , 00 N , 118 , 00 W .
Gibraltar Legislative Council Gibraltar Legislative Council was the legislature of Gibraltar created in 1950 and sat until the creation of the Gibraltar Parliament in 1969 . History . Prior to 1950 , the Governor - in - Council retained the legislative power in the British territory . The creation of the legislature gave some limited local control , but the legislature was still an unelected body . The legislature sat the Legislative Council Building at Main Street and John Mackintosh Square . Demise . The Legislative Council was responsible for over - all affairs with local issues dealt by a City Council . With pressure from th United Nations , Britain merged the Legislative Council and City Council to a Legislative Assembly to given Gibraltar domestic powers to deal with their own affairs and power removed from the Governor . Members . The head of the legislature was initially headed by Governor of Gibraltar as President and then replaced by the Speaker , a member of the legislative council . Both roles were filled by British appointments and not local Gibraltaran s . Officers . Clerk of the Legislative Council Members . General members of the council were elected by proportional representation .
Charles Swasey Charles H . Swasey ( June 21 , 1839 – October 4 , 1862 ) was an officer in the United States Navy who was killed in action during the American Civil War . Biography . Born in Massachusetts , Swasey was appointed midshipman on 28 September 1854 , and commissioned lieutenant on 31 August 1861 . Swasey served aboard in the engagement with the steamer below New Orleans , Louisiana , on 24 April 1862 . He then served as executive officer of on the West Gulf Blockading Squadron . Lieutenant Swasey was wounded during an engagement with Confederate forces near Donaldsonville , Louisiana , on 4 October 1862 , and died the same day . He is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Taunton , Massachusetts . Namesakes . Two ships have been named in his honor .
Adam Herbert Wakenshaw Adam Herbert Wakenshaw VC ( 9 June 1914 – 27 June 1942 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Wakenshaw was 28 years old , and a private in the 9th Battalion , The Durham Light Infantry , British Army during the Second World War , and was awarded a Victoria Cross for his actions on 27 June 1942 in Mersa Matruh , Egypt , where he was killed in combat . The Medal . His Victoria Cross medal is displayed at the Durham Light Infantry Museum & Durham Art Gallery , Durham City , England . His widow and son received the medal from King George VI at Buckingham Palace on 4 March 1943
USS Wapasha ( YN - 45 ) USS " Wapasha " ( YN - 45 ) , later YNT - 13 , later YTB - 787 , was a United States Navy net tender , later large harbor tug , in commission from 1941 to 1947 . " Wapasha " was built as the steel - hulled , single - screw tug " William J . Moran " , completed in September 1938 at Bay City , Michigan , by the Defoe Boat and Motor Works , Inc . . " William J . Moran " was acquired by the U . S . Navy from the Moran Towing and Transportation Company of New York City , 9 December 1940 . The tug was classified as a yard net tender , renamed USS " Wapasha " , and designated YN - 45 on 25 December 1940 . Converted for naval use at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn , New York , " Wapasha " was placed in service on 27 January 1941 . " Wapasha " was allocated to the 1st Naval District at Boston , Massachusetts , which became her home port . After shifting to Boston on 1 February 1941 , she took up her net tending duties in Narragansett Bay , based at Naval Training Center Newport at Newport , Rhode Island . During her service there , which lasted into 1947 , she was twice reclassified : on 8 April 1942 she was reclassified a tug - class net tender and redesignated YNT - 13 and , on 4 August 1945 , she was reclassified a large harbor tug and redesignated YTB - 737 . Placed out of service on 11 February 1947 , Wapasha was struck from the Navy List on 11 March 1947 and turned over to the Maritime Commission for disposal on 16 May 1947 . Acquired by Tug Anne Moran , Inc . , of New York City , the vessel was renamed " Anne Moran " and performed harbor tug services in New York Harbor . She was sold in 1976 to Solvent Tanker Corporation of Staten Island , New York , and renamed " Yankee " . She later was sold again , to Eklof Marine Corporation of Staten Island .
Earl Kenneth Olsen Earl Kenneth Olsen , born 2 July 1903 in Brooklyn , New York , was a member of the U . S . Naval Academy Class of 1926 . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for bravery in action at Guadalcanal in 1942 . Military career . After varied duty afloat and ashore , he was ordered to USS Pensacola ( CA - 24 ) on 9 February 1939 . Lieutenant Commander " Olsen " was serving as engineering officer during the night Battle of Tassafaronga , off Guadalcanal , 30 November - 1 December 1942 . When a torpedo hit flooded the engine room , he coolly and efficiently directed evacuation of survivors . Attempting to carry another officer to safety , he himself succumbed to smoke and toxic gases . Lieutenant Commander Olsen was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions . Namesake . USS Earl K . Olsen ( DE - 765 ) was named in his honor . The ship was launched 13 February 1944 by Tampa Shipbuilding Co . , Inc . , Tampa , Florida ; sponsored by Mrs . H . E . Olsen , mother of Lieutenant Commander Olsen ; and commissioned 10 April 1944 .
Guido Norman Lieber Guido Norman Lieber ( 21 May 1837 , Columbia , South Carolina - 1923 ) was a United States Army lawyer and jurist . Biography . He was the son of jurist Francis Lieber . He graduated from the University of South Carolina in 1856 , and at Harvard Law School in 1859 , and in that year was admitted to the bar of New York . At the beginning of the Civil War he became 1st lieutenant in the 11th infantry , U . S . Army , and was appointed regimental adjutant , and served during the peninsular campaign under George B . McClellan , being brevetted captain for gallantry at the Battle of Gaines ' Mill on 27 June 1862 . He was with his regiment at the Second Battle of Bull Run , being then appointed aide - de - camp to the general - in - chief . In 1862 he was appointed major and judge advocate , and he served in this capacity in the Department of the Gulf , being present in the Teche and Red River campaigns . For gallantry during the latter he received another brevet , and he was brevetted a third time for services during the war . He also served as adjutant general of the department , and as judge of the provost court in New Orleans . He was then transferred to the Judge Advocate General ' s office in Washington . He was appointed assistant to his father in the Bureau of Confederate Archives . He afterward served as judge advocate of various military departments and divisions , being , when stationed in New York , one of the founders of the Military service institution . He was professor of law at the U . S . Military Academy from 1878 until 1882 , when he was assigned to duty in Washington in the Bureau of Military Justice . In 1884 he was appointed Assistant Judge Advocate General , with the rank of colonel , and was on duty as Acting Judge Advocate General of the U . S . Army . In 1895 , he was promoted to brigadier general and served as Judge Advocate General until 1901 , in which capacity he was one of the most valuable advisers of President William McKinley during the Spanish - American War . Works . His publications include several important treatises on the laws of war , such as " The Use of the Army in Aid of the Civil Power " ( 1898 ) , and " Remarks on the Army Regulations " ( 1898 ) .