naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Airborne Launch Control System The United States ' Airborne Launch Control System ( ALCS ) is a method of assured command and control of nuclear weapons , specifically ICBMs and SLBMs . With land - based ICBMs , the ALCS has the unique capability to retarget and launch the missiles without the interaction of the missile combat crew ( MCC ) . Overview . In the mid - 1960s , United States civilian and military leadership became concerned about the possibility of a decapitating attack from the Soviet s , destroying any land - based communication links to the nuclear forces of the Strategic Air Command . One solution to the communication problem was placing radio equipment on board an aircraft , and allow it to fly over the United States and use radio broadcasts to pass along information . This concept would allow communication to missile launch crews to pass along Emergency Action Message s ( EAMs ) , but would not duplicate the missile combat crew ' s function of actually launching the missiles . The key characteristic added to ALCS ( versus other communication methods such as ERCS ) was giving the airborne crews the same degree of access to the launch facilities as the underground missile crews . Minuteman launch facilities contained an ultra high frequency ( UHF ) receiver , that would pick up commands from the ALCS ; the destruction of the launch control center or the hardenend intersite cable system would not prevent retaliation . History . ALCS ' first generation equipment was declared operational on 31 May 1967 . Operations . A test of the ALCS , both ground and air components , is called a GIANT BALL . Aircraft . The ALCS mission has been held by multiple aircraft during the last 60 years : ALCS Personnel . The Airborne Launch Control System Flight of the 625th Strategic Operations Squadron provides training and crewmembers for two ALCS positions on board the E - 6B Mercury .
Chitose Air Base History . US military service . Chitose ' s first flight came in 1926 , when the " Otaru Shimbun " newspaper sponsored the " Hokkai One " ( " Hokkai - ichigō " ) flight , originating at a 10 - hectare air field donated by the villagers of Chitose . In 1939 , the Imperial Japanese Navy took over the field . After Japan ' s surrender in 1945 , ending World War II , the United States Armed Forces took over the base , being primarily under the control of the United States Army Air Forces , and later the United States Air Force Fifth Air Force . Major USAF occupation units assigned to Chitose Air Base were : The base was used largely as a maintenance and logistics facility in the late 1940s prior to the Korean War , under the operational control of the 314th Air Division , Johnson Air Base . Chintose was operated as a sub - base to Johnson AB . As a result of the Korean War , the 6163d Air Base Wing was activated on 1 January 1951 . The airfield was used primarily as an emergency landing field for aircraft returning from combat missions over Korea , and as a maintenance and repair depot by Technical Service Command . During the Allied occupation , in 1951 , Chitose received its first scheduled civilian flights to Tokyo , operated by Japan Airlines . After the 1953 Korean Armistice , the USAF moved its F - 86 Sabre - equipped 4th Fighter Group ( later Wing ) from Kimpo AB ( K - 14 ) , South Korea in September 1954 . The only American combat unit assigned to Chintose , the squadron provided air defense of Hokkido for several years , being inactivated in place on 1 July 1957 due to budget restrictions . With the inactivation of the 4th Fighter Wing , Chitose was phased down for return to Japanese control . The 6029th Support Group was activated and continued support for the units assigned to the base . It was inactivated along with the other United States military units at the base on 31 December 1957 , returning the facility over to Japanese control . The US maintained a communications facility at the base until December 1970 , and formally ended operations at Chitose on June 30 , 1975 . Civilian service . The passenger terminal at Chitose Airport opened in 1963 . Chitose quickly overtook Okadama Airport , which was too small to serve jet aircraft , as the main airport serving the Sapporo metropolitan area . Immigration facilities were constructed in 1969 , prior to the opening of the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . The only scheduled international service at Chitose was a Japan Air System flight to Honolulu with a stop at Tokyo Narita , which operated from 1981 to 1987 . All civilian passenger service was transferred to New Chitose Airport in 1988 . Chitose Air Base in Fiction . In the anime OAV " 801 T . T . S . Airbats " , the series takes place on the Chitose Air Base .
XIV International Brigade The XIV International Brigade was one of several international brigades that fought for the Spanish Second Republic during the Spanish Civil War . It was raised on 20 December 1936 with volunteers mainly from France and Belgium , under General " Walter " ( Karol Świerczewski ) . This Brigade was the fourth of the international brigades , and it mixed veterans with new , idealistic volunteers . It was formally named the Marseillaise Brigade , after the French revolutionary song ( and national anthem ) . With subsequent consolidations and reorganisations , the XIV International Brigade included , among others , the following battalions : all or elements of the following units : After the Nationalist strategic victory in the Battle of Brunete ( 6 – 25 July 1937 ) , heavy losses reduced the brigade strength from four to two battalions . However , the brigade lived on and was able to take part in the last Republican offensive of the war . As with all of the volunteer international brigades , the members of the XIV International Brigade faced a dark future after the eventual Nationalist victory .
Canadian Militia The Canadian Militia was the traditional title for the land forces of Canada from in 1867 to 1940 when it was renamed the Canadian Army . The Militia consisted of : In 1940 , PAM was renamed Canadian Army ( Active ) and the NPAM as Canadian Army ( Reserve ) . The two units were renamed following World War II as Canadian Army Active Force , Canadian Army ( Regular ) and Canadian Army Reserve Force respectively . In the 1950s , the reserve force again adopted the title " Militia " and that title has remained an unofficial designation for part - time soldiers of the land forces of the Canadian Forces . In 1968 , the Militia was re - organized for the last time under Force Mobile Command ( and Force Mobile Command ( Reserves ) ) under the unified Canadian Forces .
USS Bush ( DD - 166 ) USS " Bush " ( DD – 166 ) was a " Wickes " - class destroyer in the United States Navy during the World War I . She was named for Lieutenant William Sharp Bush , USMC . History . " Bush " was launched 27 October 1918 by Fore River Shipbuilding Company , Quincy , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Miss Josephine T . Bush , a descendant of Lt . Bush ; and commissioned 19 February 1919 , Commander R . B . Coffey in command . After her final acceptance trials in July 1919 " Bush " operated along the East Coast with Destroyer Squadron 3 , Atlantic Fleet , until 29 November 1919 when she arrived at Charleston , South Carolina , and became a unit of Squadron 1 Flotilla 7 , in reduced commission . She was in reserve status until the summer of 1920 . She then engaged in conducting training cruises for Naval Reserves . Thereafter , she exercised alternately at Charleston , her winter base , and at Newport , Rhode Island , her summer base , until placed out of commission 21 June 1922 at Philadelphia Navy Yard . " Bush " was sold 8 September 1936 .
HMS Carisbrooke Castle ( K379 ) HMS " Carisbrooke Castle " ( K379 ) was a Royal Navy Castle - class corvette . She was named after Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight . She was launched at Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company , in Dundee , Scotland , on 31 July 1943 and commissioned on 17 November 1943 . After the Second World War , her career was spent in the fleet reserve until May 1952 , when she became part of the Second Training Squadron at Portland where she remained until 1956 . In 1953 , she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . In November 1956 , she was placed back in the reserve until she was scrapped at Faslane in 1958 .
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 16 Launch Complex 16 ( LC - 16 ) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida is a launch complex built for use by LGM - 25 Titan missiles , and later used for NASA operations before being transferred back to the US military and used for tests of MGM - 31 Pershing missiles . Six Titan I missiles were launched from the complex between December 1959 and May 1960 . These were followed by seven Titan II missiles , starting with the type ' s maiden flight on 16 March 1962 . The last Titan II launch from LC - 16 was conducted on 29 May 1963 . Following the end of its involvement with the Titan missile , LC - 16 was transferred to NASA , which used it for Gemini crew processing , and static firing tests of the Apollo Service Module ' s propulsion engine . Following its return to the US Air Force in 1972 , it was converted for use by the Pershing missile , which made its first flight from the complex on 7 May 1974 . Seventy - nine Pershing IA and 49 Pershing II missiles were launched from LC - 16 . The last Pershing launch from the facility was conducted on 21 March 1988 . It was deactivated the next day and subsequently decommissioned under the Intermediate - Range Nuclear Forces Treaty .
301st Rescue Squadron The 301st Rescue Squadron ( 301 RQS ) is part of the 920th Rescue Wing at Patrick Air Force Base , Florida . It operates HH - 60 Pave Hawk aircraft conducting search and rescue missions . History . The 301st has trained for combat search and rescue ( CSAR ) capability since its inception . It has performed search and rescue and medical evacuation missions primarily over land areas of and water areas off Florida . Between 1979 and 1997 the squadron also had helicopter air refueling capability . It has provided rescue coverage for space shuttle launches since 1981 , and launch support at the Eastern Test Range since 1993 . The 301st deployed crews to provide SAR coverage worldwide , including to Keflavík , Iceland , during and after the Gulf War , and to the Persian Gulf area since 1993 .
Defence Medical Services The Defence Medical Services ( DMS ) are an umbrella organisation within the Ministry of Defence in the United Kingdom , which organises all medical , dental and nursing services within the British Armed Forces . Structure . The Defence Medical Services are commanded by the Surgeon - General ( currently Surgeon Vice - Admiral Philip Raffaelli ) , alongside the Deputy Chief of Defence Staff ( Health ) , and consist of Joint Medical Command , the Defence Dental Services and the medical services of each indicidual service ( Army Medical Services , Royal Navy Medical Service and the RAF Medical Branch ) . Role . The DMS ' s 7000 general practitioners , dentists , consultants , nurses and surgeons provide healthcare for around 258 , 000 personnel within the Armed Forces . Hospital care is provided via NHS hospitals , as the armed forces no longer run hospitals exclusively for the military . These hospitals are located within six NHS Trust s , with the main one being University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust .
40th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 40th Infantry Regiment is a non - active infantry regiment in the United States Army . Lineage . Constituted 15 May 1917 in the Regular Army as the 40th Infantry . Organized 20 June 1917 at Fort Snelling , Minnesota from personnel of the 36th Infantry . Assigned to the 14th Infantry Division 5 July 1918 . Relieved from the 14th Division February 1919 . Inactivated 1 November 1921 at Danville , West Virginia . Allotted to the Second Corps Area 28 February 1927 . Affiliated with Cornell University and organized 18 April 1930 at Ithica , New York . Disbanded 11 November 1944 . A Gold color metal and enamel device in height consisting of a shield blazoned : Azure , the head of a wolverine erased Or ; on a canton Argent a six - bastioned fort Vert charged with a mullet of the third ( for the 36th Infantry ) . This Regiment was organized in 1917 from the 36th Infantry , shown by the canton . During World War I it was in the 14th Division , shown by the wolverine ’ s head , the unofficial insignia of that Division . The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 2 March 1938 . It was rescinded on 5 September 1958 .
USS Keppler ( DE - 311 ) The first USS " Keppler " ( DE - 311 ) was a United States Navy planned to be built during World War II but never completed . " Keppler " was to have been built at Mare Island Navy Yard at Vallejo , California . Her keel probably was laid , but her construction was cancelled on 13 March 1944 before she could be launched . The name USS " Keppler " was reassigned to destroyer escort .
Saint Augustine Blues The Saint Augustine Blues were a militia unit formed on May 12 , 1860 in St . Augustine , Florida during the period of political instability in the United States preceding the outbreak of the American Civil War . The Blues officially entered the Confederate Army at Ft . Marion on August 5 , 1861 and were designated Company B of the recently organized Third Florida Infantry . The Blues suustained heavy casualties in the Battle of Murfreesboro in Tennessee . The following year they marched to Mississippi in an effort to relieve the Siege of Vicksburg and in the fall of 1863 , they fought in the battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga . In the spring of 1865 the unit was in the Carolinas trying to slow the advance of General William Tecumseh Sherman after Sherman ' s ' March to the Sea ' . The Saint Augustine Blues service in the Civil War ended on April 26 , 1865 one month after their participation in the Battle of Bentonville after General Joseph E . Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett Place , in Durham , North Carolina , the site of the largest surrender of Confederate soldiers which ended the war . Many of the members of the Saint Augustine Blues were descendants of settlers from Minorca and a smaller group of Italians and Greeks from Italy and Greece collectively referred to in this instance as the Minorcans , that fled Andrew Turnbull ' s failed colony at New Smyrna and were granted sanctuary in St . Augustine by the governor of then British East Florida Patrick Tonyn . Some former members of the Blues as well as other Confederate veterans are buried in the Tolomato Cemetery a historic Catholic cemetery in Saint Augustine .
Pacurius of Iberia Pacurius was a prince of the Iberian royal family and a military commander in the Roman service in Italy . His name is presumably a Latinized rendition of the Georgian Bakuri . Pacurius was a son of Peranius , also a general under the emperor Justinian I . During the Gothic War ( 535 – 554 ) , he was sent , together with Sergius , to reinforce Belisarius in Calabria in 547 . In 552 , he commanded the Roman troops in Hydruntum and negotiated the surrender of Tarentum and Acherontia and their Gothic commandants Ragnaris and Moras . When Ragnaris attempted to outplay the Romans and took fifty of their soldiers hostage , Pacurius marched against him and won a decisive victory .
Henry Gene Skeen Major General Henry G . " Hank " Skeen ( May 26 , 1933 - January 12 , 2006 ) was a General of the United States Army . A native of Dale County , Alabama , Henry Gene Skeen entered the Air Force in 1949 and transferred to the United States Army in 1953 , and upon completion of Officer Candidate School that year was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Infantry . After serving as platoon leader in various Infantry and Airborne companies , he was awarded a Regular Army commission as a Quartermaster First Lieutenant in 1958 . During most of his career , General Skeen held important Quartermaster mission - related command and staff positions , including Director , Supply and Maintenance in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics , Secretary of General Staff , U . S . Army Computer Systems Command ; and Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics , U . S . Army Europe and Seventh Army ; and Secretary to the General Staff , U . S . Army Computer Systems Command , Fort Belvoir , Virginia . His important commands included Commander , U . S . Army Troop Support Command in St . Louis , Missouri ; Commander , Defense Industrial Support Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ; Commander , Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service in Battle Creek , Michigan ; Commander , 88th Supply and Service Battalion in Vietnam ; Commander , Regional Support Activity , Military Region II , Vietnam ; Commander , U . S . Army Logistic Evaluation Agency at New Cumberland Army Depot ; and Commander , Burtonwood Army Depot in England . General Skeen played a pivotal role in launching the Quartermaster Corps into the automation era in the 1960s and 1970s , and later lent major support to the establishment of the Army Supply Excellence Award and the Army Supply Master Plan . In 1997 , he was inducted into the Quartermaster Hall of Fame . Skeen was married to Nedra Joy ; Pauline ; and to Nancy at the time of his death . Amongst his grandchildren is Ryan Seacrest . General Skeen was buried in Arlington National Cemetery on February 24 , 2006 , with full military honors .
Castle - class patrol vessel Castle - class patrol vessel was a class of British patrol vessels for the Royal Navy . Design . The Castle class was intended as a series of six offshore patrol vessels for the Royal Navy , designed in response to criticism of the previous Island - class for insufficient speed , non - optimal sea keeping and lack of a flight deck for rescue helicopters . In the event , only two ships were built , HMS " Leeds Castle " and HMS " Dumbarton Castle " . Both vessels were built by Hall Russell in Aberdeen . These had significant improvements over the Island class - they are 300 tonnes larger , more stable in heavy seas , faster and are fitted with a large flight deck that is capable of supporting a Sea King . For brief periods , the ships can accommodate up to 120 troops . Their primary mission was to serve with the Fishery Protection Squadron , protecting both the fishing fleets and the oil and gas fields of the North Sea . In addition , they can also serve as minelayers , and have detergent spraying facilities on board for dispersing oil slick s . Operations . Since the Falklands War , one ship had been kept long term in the Falkland Islands as a guardship . " Leeds Castle " and " Dumbarton Castle " rotated the role on a three - yearly basis , although the ship ' s crew usually did a six month rotation . Replacement . The Castle class has now been replaced by a unique vessel based on the River - class , HMS " Clyde " , and both vessels of the class are now decommissioned . Originally due to transfer to the Pakistani Maritime Security Agency in 2007 , the deal fell through and both ships have now been sold to Bangladesh Navy .
General Maxwell R . Thurman Award The General Maxwell R . Thurman Award is awarded on behalf of the commanding general of the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at the American Telemedicine Association ( ATA ) annual conference in recognition of someone who exhibits and demonstrates the following qualities and attributes : a natural born leader , an innovator , someone who fosters positive change , a champion of the soldier , and a pioneer of the advancement of technology to enhance the life of our service members . The award is named after four star General Maxwell R . Thurman , who was a champion of the soldier and a pioneer of advancing technology . His famous motto , which is engraved on the award is as follows : " The mission of the Army Medical Department is to provide world class combat casualty care to America ' s most precious resource - It ' s Sons and Daughters - In Peace and War ! " This award was originally given out at the very first DoD " Global Forum " by its creator , BG Russ Zajtchuk in 1995 and is now an annual tradition at every ATA meeting .
Bombing of Yawata The Japanese city of Yawata ( which was incorporated into the larger city of Kitakyushu in 1963 ) was subjected to three major air raids during World War II . The first raid took place on the night of 15 / 16 June 1944 . This was the first attack on the Japanese home islands by land - based United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) bombers , and the first attack on the home islands since the Doolittle Raid of 1942 . The city was next attacked during the day and night of 20 August 1944 . These two attacks caused little damage to the city ' s industrial facilities . The third raid was conducted on 8 August 1945 and resulted in 21 percent of Yawata ' s urban area being destroyed . See also . Bombing of Yawata ( June 1944 )
2nd Special Service Brigade The 2nd Special Service Brigade was formed in late 1943 in the Middle East and saw service in Italy , the Adriatic , the landings at Anzio and took part in operations in Yugoslavia . On December 6 , 1944 , the Brigade was renamed 2nd Commando Brigade , removing the hated title " Special Service " and its association with the German SS . Italian Campaign . The brigade as a formation , was not involved in Operation Husky , the invasion of Sicily , but 40 RM Commando was involved in the assault landings as Army Troops . In Operation Shingle , the assault at Anzio , No 9 Army Commando and 43 RM Commando were the only units involved . The whole brigade would be involved in the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy . In 1945 the brigade was involved in the Lake Comacchio battle , Operation Roast , where Cpl Tom Hunter of No . 43 RM Commando earned a posthumous Victoria Cross for conspicuous Gallantry in single handedly clearing a farmstead housing three Spandau machine guns after charging across 200 metres of open ground firing his Bren gun from the hip , then moving to an exposed position to draw fire away from his comrades by engaging further Spandaus entrenched on the far side of the canal . After Operation Roast the brigade was involved in the follow - up actions until the German surrender . The brigade remained in the area on security duties until it was disbanded in 1946 Battle honours . The following Battle honour s were awarded to British Commandos during the Second World War .