naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Robert S . Williamson Robert Stockton Williamson ( January 21 , 1825 – November 10 , 1882 ) was an American soldier and engineer , noted for conducting surveys for the transcontinental railroad in California and Oregon . Early life and career . Williamson was born in Oxford , New York and lived in Elizabeth , New Jersey . He was named after Commodore Robert F . Stockton , a family friend . He joined the Navy in 1843 as a master ' s mate under Stockton on the USS Princeton , the first screw - driven steam ship in the Navy . Williamson was detached from the ship 10 days before one of its guns exploded , killing several people . It was through Stockton ' s influence that Williamson was appointed to the United States Military Academy . He graduated fifth in his class in 1848 and appointed a 2nd Lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers . He was assigned to conduct surveys for proposed routes for the transcontinental railroad in California and Oregon . He was then assigned to the staff of the commanding general of the Department of the Pacific , and was the engineer in charge of the military roads in southern Oregon . Civil War . At the outbreak of the American Civil War , Williamson was the Chief Topographical Engineer in North Carolina and was brevetted Major for service at the Battle of New Bern , and brevetted a Lieutenant Colonel at the Battle of Fort Macon . He was then assigned as Chief Topographical Engineer for the Army of the Potomac . Williamson returned to California as the Chief Topographical Engineer of the Department of the Pacific . In 1863 , Williamson transferred to the Corps of Engineers and served as lighthouse engineer for the Pacific Coast . He also worked on defenses and harbors along the coast . Postbellum . He retired from the Army due to illness as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1882 . Williamson had suffered from bad health for the last 20 years of his life and died of tuberculosis in San Francisco , California . He was buried at the Masonic Cemetery in San Francisco . Mount Williamson in California , and Williamson Mountain and the Williamson River in Oregon are named in his honor .
Alabama National Guard The Alabama National Guard is the National Guard of the U . S State of Alabama , and consists of the Alabama Army National Guard and the Alabama Air National Guard . ( The Alabama State Defense Force is the third military unit of the Alabama Military Department , part of the Government of Alabama . ) The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions . The state functions range from limited actions during non - emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control . The National Guard may be called into federal service by the President under either Title 10 or Title 32 status . When National Guard troops are called to federal service , the President serves as Commander - in - Chief . The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is : " To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war , National emergency or as otherwise needed . " The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alabama National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard . The state mission assigned to the National Guard is : " To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law . " As authorized under the Constitution , Congress has the power to regulate National Guard units ; hence they are trained and equipped as a part of the United States Army and United States Air Force , even when under state command . The same respective ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards . All Alabama National Guard soldiers are also eligible for a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the State of Alabama . Alabama also maintains its own Alabama State Defense Force . This force is separate from the National Guard and reports to the Governor of Alabama as Commander - in - Chief . The ASDF services the state exclusively , especially when the National Guard is deployed and unavailable . The Alabama National Guard has a State Partnership Program relationship with Romania . Battlefield Surveillance Brigade < / a > ( activated in September 2009 ) Maneuver Enhancement Brigade < / a > Alabama State Defense Force . The Alabama State Defense Force is a military entity authorized by the Code of Alabama . The ASDF is the state ' s authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Alabama National Guard in the event the AL National Guard is mobilized . The ASDF is sometimes activated to augment the Alabama National Guard during natural disasters . This force is separate from the National Guard and is not meant to be federalized . The ASDF comprises retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state .
Duqaq Abu Nasr Shams al - Muluk Duqaq ( died June 8 , 1104 ) was the Seljuq ruler of Damascus from 1095 to 1104 . Reign . Duqaq was a son of the Seljuq ruler of Syria , Tutush I , and Khatun Safwat al - Mulk , He was the brother of Radwan . When their father died in 1095 , Radwan claimed Syria for himself , and Duqaq initially inherited territory in the Jezirah and lived with his brother in Aleppo . However , he soon rebelled and seized control of Damascus , throwing Syria into near anarchy and civil war . Duqaq had the support of Yaghi - Siyan of Antioch , who had no quarrel with Radwan but disliked Radwan ' s atabeg Janah ad - Dawla ; joining Yaghi - Siyan and Duqaq was Ilghazi , governor of Jerusalem . Radwan allied with Ilghazi ' s brother Sokman . Radwan attacked Yaghi - Siyan , and when Duqaq and Ilghazi came to assist him , Radwan besieged Damascus as well . However , Radwan soon quarrelled with Janah ad - Dawla , who captured Homs from him , and with his atabeg out of the alliance , Yaghi - Siyan was much more willing to assist him . This new alliance was sealed with a marriage between Radwan and Yaghi - Siyan ' s daughter . The two were about to attack Shaizar when they heard of the arrival of the First Crusade ; all the various alliances were disbanded and everyone returned to their own cities , though if any of the alliances had remained intact , or they had all worked together , they would likely have been able to prevent the success of the crusade . Over the winter of 1097 - 1098 , Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders , and Yaghi - Siyan and his son Shams ad - Dawla sought help from Duqaq . On December 30 , 1097 , reinforcements from Duqaq were defeated by the foraging party of Bohemund of Taranto , and Duqaq retreated to Homs . Duqaq later joined Kerbogha of Mosul to attack the crusaders after they had occupied Antioch in June 1098 , but during the battle , Duqaq ' s line deserted and Kerbogha was defeated . While occupied in Syria , Duqaq ' s possessions in the Jezirah were seized by some rebellious vassals ; in 1099 he recaptured Diyarbakr . In 1100 Duqaq ambushed Baldwin I of Edessa at Nahr al - Kalb , outside Beirut , while the latter was on his way to Jerusalem to succeed his brother Godfrey of Bouillon as king . Baldwin ' s men held a narrow pass and Duqaq ' s troops were not able to break through ; Baldwin was victorious and continued on to Jerusalem . In 1103 Duqaq captured Homs when Janah ad - Dawla , Radwan ' s former atabeg , was assassinated . Duqaq fell sick in 1104 , and on the advice of his mother , appointed his own atabeg Toghtekin as atabeg to his young son Tutush II . Duqaq died on June 8 of that year . Toghtegin soon overthrew Duqaq ' s dynasty to establish the Burid dynasty , which would rule Damascus for the next half - century .
4th Georgia Regiment The 4th Georgia Regiment was an American infantry unit raised for service with the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War . The regiment was formed in February 1777 at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania from British deserters and Colonel John White was appointed its commander . The unit soon acquired a bad reputation for plundering the area in which it camped and was moved far from Philadelphia . In December 1777 it was assigned to the Georgia Brigade and took part in operations in Florida in 1778 . It fought at Savannah in 1779 and was captured by the British at Charleston in May 1780 . History . The 4th Georgia Regiment was authorized for service with the Continental Army by the Continental Congress on 1 February 1777 . The unit was assigned to the Southern Department . The regiment organized in a strength of eight companies at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania during the summer and fall of 1777 . The unit was recruited from British deserters . In early August one of its soldiers was murdered in Philadelphia and the authorities moved the regiment into camp west of the city along the Lancaster Road . Immediately , the people of Lower Merion Township began to complain of marauding by the soldiers . They reported that the troops robbed travelers , broke into houses , burned fences , chopped down trees , stole things , and killed livestock . When confronted , the soldiers threatened the inhabitants with violence . The regiment was ordered to Lancaster , Pennsylvania where the problems continued . Some soldiers robbed Colonel White of his money , his papers , and his officer ' s commission . They were caught and sentenced to death , but the colonel ' s wife asked for clemency and the men received 300 lashes instead . On 23 December 1777 , the 4th Georgia was assigned to the Georgia Brigade . In 1778 , the regiment participated in the unsuccessful Florida Campaign and in the loss of Savannah . In 1779 the unit fought at the Siege of Savannah . At the Siege of Charleston the regiment was captured by the British army along with the rest of the American southern army at Charleston , South Carolina on 12 May 1780 . The 4th Georgia was officially disbanded on 1 January 1781 . Service record . < br >
Bevo Howard Beverly " Bevo " Howard ( August 11 , 1914 , Bath , South Carolina – October 29 , 1971 , Greenville , North Carolina ) was an American aerobatic pilot and aviation businessman . Life . Howard learned to fly in 1930 before the age of 16 by working as a lineboy for Hawthorne Flying Services in Augusta , Georgia . Shortly thereafter he purchased the struggling company and flew DC - 2 s for Delta and Eastern Airlines in order to support Hawthorne . He became the youngest pilot to receive an Airline Transport Rating before the regulations increased the age limit to 21 . During the Second World War , he operated a primary flight training school for the United States Army Air Forces at Orangeburg , South Carolina . Over 6000 pilots , including 2000 French Air Force students , were trained at his school . At Orangeburg , he presented and demonstrated to the Army Air Corps the concept of using Piper Cubs as forward artillery observer aircraft , which could be operated out of unimproved farm fields close to the front lines , which was adopted and used with large success throughout World War II . After the war , Howard continued to train US Air Force and foreign pilots from Europe and the Middle East including training foreign pilots in P - 51 Mustang s . The civilian Aviation Services run by Hawthorne overexpanded across North and South Carolina and were eventually consolidated into a single location on the municipal airport at Charleston , South Carolina , which he ran until his death in 1971 . A school run by his Hawthorne Aviation at Moultrie , Georgia trained approximately 10 , 000 pilots from 32 countries in 10 years . In addition to the Spence Air Base school in Moultrie , Hawthorne operated a number of both Air Force and Army contract schools across the Southeastern United States , notably at Fort Rucker , Alabama and Fort Campbell , Kentucky . Howard began air show flying in 1933 . In 1938 , he became the first pilot to fly an outside loop in a light plane , flying a 37½ horsepower Piper Cub . He went on to win the National Lightplane Aerobatic Championships in three consecutive years from 1939 to 1941 , and eventually became one of the best known air show pilots in the country . Since his primary occupation was running the many aspects of his company ( Hawthorne Aviation ) , flying airshows became an avocation and he flew many exhibitions for charity or cost such as the show where he was killed . On October 17 , 1971 , while performing at an air show in Greenville , North Carolina , he struck a tree while flying his Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister . One wing was knocked off the airplane , and Howard was killed instantly when it struck the ground . His red and white checkered biplane , rebuilt after the crash to non - flying condition , is now in the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution . A Bücker Bü 133 C Jungmeister , marked as his aircraft is also displayed at the Virginia Aviation Museum at Richmond International Airport , Virginia .
George Stuart Henderson Captain George Stuart Henderson VC DSO & Bar MC ( 5 December 1893 – 24 July 1920 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Henderson was 26 years old , and a captain in the 2nd Battalion , The Manchester Regiment , British Army during the 1920 Iraqi revolt , than called Mesopotamia when the following deed took place on 24 July 1920 near Hillah , Mesopotamia for which he was awarded the VC . He is commemorated on Jedburgh War Memorial and the Basra memorial . The Manchester Regiment amalgamated with the King ' s Regiment ( Liverpool ) in 1958 to become the King ' s Regiment . In 2006 the King ' s Regiment , the King ' s Own Royal Border Regiment and the Queen ' s Lancashire Regiment amalgamated to become today ' s Duke of Lancaster ' s Regiment . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Museum of the Manchester Regiment in Ashton - under - Lyne , England .
USS Orca ( SP - 726 ) The first USS " Orca " ( SP - 726 ) was a yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1918 . " Orca " was built as the steam yacht " Monaloa " by George Lawley & Son , Neponset , Massachusetts . Later renamed " Orca " , she was commissioned into the U . S . Navy for World War I service on 8 May 1917 with Boatswain F . D . Grassie in command and was formally purchased by the United States Government from S . W . Colten of Bryn Mawr , Pennsylvania , on 17 May 1917 . Operating in the 1st Naval District , headquartered at Boston , Massachusetts , during World War I , " Orca " patrolled in and around Boston throughout her naval career . She was moored to Fishe Wharf , Boston , from October to December 1918 . In December , she steamed to Quincy , Massachusetts , where she decommissioned on 30 December 1918 . " Orca " was struck from the Naval Register and ordered sold on 18 August 1919 . She was sold to Frazer Brace and Company of New York City on 2 February 1920 .
Edward Swatton Edward Swatton ( 1836 – 1865 ) was a sailor in the U . S . Navy stationed aboard the during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Swatton volunteered for service in the U . S . Navy and was assigned to the Union brig . His enlistment is credited to the state of Massachusetts . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Swatton was a member of the storming party . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Seaman Edward Swatton , United States Navy , for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U . S . S . Santiago de Cuba during the assault on Fort Fisher , North Carolina , on 15 January 1865 . As one of a boat crew detailed to one of the generals on shore , Seaman Swatton bravely entered the fort in the assault and accompanied his party in carrying dispatches at the height of the battle . He was one of six men who entered the fort in the assault from the fleet . General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : January 15 , 1865 Service : Navy Rank : Seaman Division : U . S . S . Santiago de Cuba
Battle of Basra ( 1914 ) The Battle of Basra was a battle of World War I which took place south of the city of Basra ( modern - day Iraq ) between British and Ottoman troops from November 11 to November 21 , 1914 . The battle resulted in the British capture of Basra . Background . After the capture of Fao by the British , the Ottoman army began to converge on Basra . The British had the mission of securing the Persian oil fields by capturing Basra , and they advanced up the river towards Basra . The battle . On November 7 , 1914 , British troops began the march from Fao to Basra . The Ottomans attacked the British camp at dawn on November 11 , but were defeated . The Ottomans prepared defensive positions at Saihan , and on November 15 the British attacked . The Ottomans were beaten , suffering 250 casualties and the British continued to advance . The main Ottoman position was at a place the British called Sahil . The Ottomans had 4 , 500 soldiers dug in near some palm groves and an old mud walled fort . On November 19 , the British advanced with two brigades of British and Indian infantry , some artillery and cavalry . Their advance was hampered by a rain storm , which made movement difficult . Ottoman fire , both rifle and artillery , was inaccurate . The British and Indian troops pressed on and when they came close the British artillery finally found the range , bringing fire directly upon the Ottoman trenches . The mud walled fort fell , and with that the entire Ottoman force got up and ran . Due to the condition of the ground , the cavalry was unable to pursue . Ottoman losses were maybe 1 , 000 ; the British and Indian troops lost 350 . On the river , the British gunboats encountered a launch with a deputation from Basra to tell the British that the city had been abandoned by the Ottomans , asking for troops to occupy it and stop looting . Several battalions were loaded on the gunboats and on November 21 , the Indian troops of the 104th Wellesley Rifles and 117th Mahrattas occupied Basra . Aftermath . The capture of Basra was a major step in protecting the Persian oilfields and refineries . However , the ambiguity of the mission would lead to mission creep that would lead the British to advance up the river .
Atakebune Japan undertook major naval building efforts in the mid to late 16th century , during the Sengoku period , when feudal rulers vying for supremacy built vast coastal navies of several hundreds of ships . The largest ( and generally most dangerous ) of these ships were called Atakebune . Around that time , the Japan ese daimyo Oda Nobunaga had made , according to the diary of the Abbot of the Tamon - I , six iron - covered Atakebune ( 大安宅船 ) in 1578 . These ships were called " Tekkōsen " ( ) , literally meaning " iron ships " , which is not to imply they were of iron , but that their superstructure may have been reinforced with iron plates against cannon and fire arrows . No iron - covering at all , however , was mentioned in the account of the Jesuit missionary Luis Frois , who had also seen and described the ships . The Atakebune were armed with a few cannon s and numerous large - caliber arquebus es . Oda defeated Mori ' s navy with them at the mouth of the Kizu River , Osaka in 1578 in a successful naval blockade . These ships , the best of the Atakebune , were used somewhat in contrast to Japanese naval tactics of the time , which viewed naval combat as a battle between the crews of ships , rather than between the ships themselves ( which contributed to the primary Japanese naval tactic of drawing near and boarding opposing ships , as the Japanese crews excelled at hand to hand combat ) . These vessels may be regarded as floating fortresses rather than true warships , and were only used in coastal actions . They used oar s for propulsion , as their full iron cladding , if it existed , as well as their bulk ( i . e . the armament and people they were carrying ) likely impeded wind - based propulsion via sails . In the Japanese invasion of Korea the shortcomings of these ships became pronounced as they proved to be of no match to the superior built and fire power of the Korean navy ' s Panokseon ships , which could accommodate far more number of cannons due to sturdier structure and thus were employed in a distance engagement by cannon tactics rather than the grappling tactics of the Atakebune based Japanese navy . References . < / div >
30 Commando Information Exploitation Group The 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group is a Royal Marines unit of the British Armed Forces . The unit resources include communications , information operations , information systems , intelligence , surveillance , and Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance ( ISTAR ) . It is a redesignation of the former brigade headquarters battalion , the UK Landing Force Command Support Group , which was previously known as HQ & Signals Squadron RM . The unit ' s title harks back to the original 30 Commando ( which in turn became 30 Assault Unit RM ) , formed in 1942 . This unit was tasked to move ahead of advancing Allied forces , or to undertake covert infiltrations into enemy territory by land , sea or air , to capture much needed intelligence , in the form of codes , documents , equipment or enemy personnel .
Free The Army tour The FTA Tour ( " Free The Army " ) , a play on the troop expression " Fuck The Army " ( which in turn was a play on the army slogan " Fun , Travel and Adventure " ) , was an anti - Vietnam War road show designed as a response to Bob Hope ' s USO tour . It was first organized in April 1970 by activist Fred Gardner , and actors Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland . The tour , referred to as " political vaudeville " by Fonda , visited military towns along the West Coast , with the goal of establishing a dialogue with soldiers about their upcoming deployments to Vietnam . Barbara Garson was also a contributor to the show . The resulting dialogue was turned into a film called " F . T . A . " , directed by Francine Parker , and released into theaters in 1972 . Footage and discussion of the FTA Tour is included in the 2005 documentary film " Sir ! No Sir ! . Since then , the director of " Sir ! No Sir ! " , David Zeiger , has been involved in resurrecting the original documentary film " F . T . A . " . It was shown publicly in Los Angeles in early 2009 at the American Cinematheque with a panel that included two of the original performers in the show . " F . T . A . " also had its broadcast premiere on the Sundance Channel on February 23 , 2009 . The DVD of " F . T . A . " is now sold on the " Sir ! No Sir ! " website .