naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Carstairs ( 1919 ) HMS " Carstairs " was a Hunt - class minesweeper of the Royal Navy from World War I . She was originally to be named " Cawsand " , but this was changed to avoid any conflict between the vessel name and a coastal location . On 4 January 1924 she was renamed HMS " Dryad " , but reverted to " Carstairs " on 15 August 1924 .
HMS Romney ( 1694 ) HMS " Romney " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Blackwall Yard in 1694 . Commanded by Captain William Coney , " Romney " was wrecked on the Scilly Isles on 26 October 1707 when a disastrous navigational error sent Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell ' s fleet through dangerous reefs while on their way from Gibraltar to Portsmouth . Four ships ( " Romney " , " Association " , " Firebrand " and " Eagle " ) were lost , with nearly 2 , 000 sailors . " Romney " hit Bishop Rock and went down with all but one of her crew . The sole survivor was George Lawrence , who had worked as a butcher before joining the crew of " Romney " as quartermaster . The Scilly naval disaster was one of the greatest maritime disasters in British history . It was largely as a result of this disaster that the Board of the Admiralty instituted a competition for a more precise method to determine longitude .
31st Division ( United Kingdom ) The British 31st Division was a New Army division formed in April 1915 as part of the K4 Army Group and taken over by the War Office on 10 August 1915 . Comprising mainly battalion s from Yorkshire and Lancashire , the division was sent to Egypt in December 1915 before moving to France in March 1916 and spent the remainder of the First World War in action on the Western Front . The 31st Division was the quintessential New Army division , being made up entirely of Pals battalion s . The 31st Division ' s first major action was on the first day of the Somme Campaign ( 1 July 1916 ) . The division suffered 3 , 600 casualties and failed to reach any of its objectives . Formation . The brigade was disbanded in February 1918 then began reforming in May . In June it was brought up to strength with the addition of Yeomanry battalions from the 74th ( Yeomanry ) Division and renamed the 94th ( Yeomanry ) Brigade . The brigade was attached to the division during February 1918 following the breakup of the 94th Brigade . It left when the 94th Brigade began reforming in May . In April 1918 heavy casualties led to the brief amalgamation of the 92nd and 93rd Brigades into the 92nd Composite Brigade .
Mission Dove In World War II , Mission Dove ( Allies , 1944 ) was the glider - borne assault conducted as part of the invasion of southern France ( Operation Dragoon ) on 15 August 1944 . Over three hundred glider s carried three thousand soldiers and critical equipment to reinforce paratrooper s who had already landed .
Joseph Riddle , Jr . Joseph Riddle , Jr . was born in St . Clairsville , Ohio , 6 January 1918 . Navy career . He enlisted in the U . S . Naval Reserve 28 May 1941 , was appointed aviation cadet 2 September 1941 ; appointed naval aviator 7 March 1942 ; and appointed ensign 14 March 1942 . He was in an active duty status other than training from 17 April 1942 , and was assigned to the U . S . Naval Air Station , Seattle , Washington , for active duty involving flying in connection with the fitting out of Escort Scouting Squadron 12 , and for active duty involving flying in that squadron when placed in commission . Awarded Distinguished Flying Cross . He was killed by enemy fighter aircraft after successfully bombing a Japanese destroyer north of New Georgia Island on 4 February 1943 and was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross . Namesake . USS Riddle ( DE - 185 ) was named in his honor . The ship was launched at Newark , New Jersey , 17 October 1943 ; and sponsored by Mrs . Anna B . Riddle . It was commissioned 17 November 1943 .
Fire - class fireboat The Royal Canadian Navy operates two Fire - class fireboats / Yard tractor tugs . The two vessels are the CFAV " Firebrand " ( YTR 562 ) and the CFAV " Firebird " ( YTR 561 ) . " Firebird " is based at CFB Halifax , and " Firebrand " at CFB Esquimalt . According to the " Canadian American Strategic Review " the class was designed by naval architects Robert Allan Limited , and were built at Vancouver Shipyards in North Vancouver in 1978 , and later acquired by the Canadian Forces . On December 4 , 2012 the Department of National Defence published an enquiry for Canadian shipbuilders interested in building replacements for the Glen class tugs ¸ and fire class fireboats . A single class would replace both the tugs and the fireboats , and would be operated by civilian crews . The replacement vessels would have water cannons that could be controlled remotely , by a single individual . The replacement vessels would have bollard pull of 40 tons — almost six times as much as the 7 . 5 tons the fire class vessels are capable of .
Herbert Irving Preston Herbert I . Preston ( August 6 , 1876 - December 8 , 1928 ) was an American private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Preston was born August 6 , 1876 in Berkeley Township , New Jersey and enlisted into the Marine Corps from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania June 29 , 1899 . After entering the Marine Corps he was sent to fight in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion . He received the Medal for his actions in Peking , China from July 21 – August 17 , 1900 and it was presented to him July 19 , 1901 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : 6 August 1876 , Berkeley , N . J . Accredited to : New Jersey G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation : In the presence of the enemy during the action at Peking , China , 21 July to 17 August 1900 . Throughout this period , Preston distinguished himself by meritorious conduct .
Dervish Convoy Operation Dervish was the first of the Arctic Convoys of World War II by which the Western Allies supplied material aid to the Soviet Union in its fight with Nazi Germany . The convoy sailed from Hvalfjörður , Iceland on 21 August 1941 and arrived at Archangelsk on 31 August 1941 . The Convoy Commodore was Captain JCK Dowding RNR . As evidence of Winston Churchill ' s astute mastery of propaganda , on board " Llanstephan Castle " were two journalists and the artist , Felix Topolski . Ships . This convoy consisted of six merchant ships loaded with raw materials and 15 crated Hawker Hurricane fighter planes : " Lancastrian Prince " , " New Westminster City " , " Esneh " , " Trehata " , the elderly " Llanstephan Castle " , the fleet oiler , and the Dutch freighter " Alchiba " . The convoy was escorted by the destroyers , , and ; the minesweepers , , and ; and the anti - submarine Shakespearian class trawlers , , and . Distant cover consisted of the heavy cruiser and the destroyers , , and . At the same time the old aircraft carrier , a veteran of World War I , delivered 24 Hurricanes of the Royal Air Force ' s 151 Fighter Wing , which landed at Vaenga airfield , near Murmansk . Largely owing to the scarcity of Luftwaffe aerial reconnaissance forces in the region at the time , all of the ships arrived safely . Aftermath . An ad hoc effort , the Operation Dervish convoy was followed by a regular series of convoys numbered like their Atlantic counterparts . The first homeward - bound convoy , QP - 1 , left Archangelsk on 28 September 1941 , and the first outward - bound convoy , PQ - 1 , sailed from Iceland , arriving at Archangelsk on 11 October 1941 .
Craig Symonds Craig Lee Symonds ( born 31 December 1946 , in Long Beach , California ) is a retired professor and chairman of the history department at the United States Naval Academy . He is a distinguished historian of the American Civil War . Early life and education . The son of Lee and Virginia Symonds , Craig Symonds attended the University of California , Los Angeles , where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967 . Going on to graduate work , he obtained his Master of Arts in history at the University of Florida in 1969 with a thesis on " The defense of the southwestern frontier , 1784 - 1794 : a study in governmental relations . " He married Marylou Hayden on 17 January 1969 and the couple had one son . In 1971 , Symonds joined the United States Naval Reserve , serving for three years until 1974 and raising to the grade of Lieutenant . While in the Navy , he served on the staff and faculty of the Naval War College . On his release from active duty , he returned to his graduate studies in history at the University of Florida , where he obtained his Ph . D . in 1976 under the tutelage of Professor John K . Mahon with a dissertation on " Navalists and antinavalists : the naval policy debate in the United States , 1785 - 1827 . " Academic career . In 1976 , the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis , Maryland appointed Symonds assistant professor of history to succeed Professor E . B . Potter as a specialist in Naval history . He was subsequently promoted to associate professor in 1980 and professor of history in 1985 . He served as chairman of the history department in 1988 - 1992 and appointed professor emeritus on his retirement in 2005 . In 1994 - 1995 , he was visiting lecturer at Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth , England . He returned to teach at the Naval Academy as The Class of 1957 Distinguished Professor of American Naval Heritage for 2011 - 12 .
Zone occupée The zone occupée ( , " occupied zone " ; ) was the area of France where German occupying troops were deployed during the Second World War after the signature of the Second Armistice at Compiègne . After the German occupation of the " zone libre " in November 1942 , the " zone occupée " was renamed the zone nord ( north zone ) . Origin of the " zone occupée " . Article 2 of the terms of the armistice signed on June 22 , 1940 at the Rethondes clearing in Compiègne Forest between Marshal Wilhelm Keitel , representative of the Third Reich , and General Charles Huntzinger , representative of the French government of Marshal Philippe Pétain , stipulated as follows : In order to protect the interests of the German Reich , the French territory situated to the north and west of the line traced on the attached map , will be occupied by German troops . . . The separation of French territory into two zones was indicated by a line drawn on an accompanying map : . . . starts , in the east , at the Swiss - French frontier , near Geneva , and is then bounded by Dole , Paray - le - Monial , and Bourges , about twenty kilometers to the east of Tours . From there , it passes at a distance of twenty kilometers to the wast of the Tours - Angouleme - Libourne railway line , and then , further on , by Monte - de - Marsan and Orthez , until it reaches the Spanish frontier . This partition of French territory took effect on 25 Jun 1940 . It was later named the " ligne de démarcation " ( demarcation line ) . The areas constituting the French colonial empire remained under the authority of Marshall Pétain ' s Vichy regime . French sovereignty was to be exercised over the whole of French territory , including the " zone occupée " , Alsace and Moselle , but the 3rd article of the armistice stipulated that Germany would exercise rights of an occupying power in the " zone occupée " : In the occupied region of France , the German Reich exercises all of the rights of an occupying power . The French government undertakes to facilitate in every way possible the implementation of these rights , and to provide the assistance of the French administrative services to that end . The French government will immediately direct all officials and administrators of the occupied territory to comply with the regulations of , and to collaborate fully with , the German military authorities . Policies . The division line between the unoccupied and occupied zones constituted an internal frontier . Crossing the border required a pass ( ) , which was difficult to acquire . People could write only to their family members , and this was only permissible using a pre - filled card where the sender checked off the appropriate words ( e . g . ' in good health ' , ' wounded ' , ' dead ' , ' prisoner ' ) . The occupied zone was on German time , which was one hour ahead of the unoccupied zone . Other policies implemented in the occupied zone but not in the south were a curfew from 10 p . m to 5 a . m , a ban on American films , the suppression of displaying the French flag and singing the Marseillaise , and the banning of Vichy paramilitary organizations and the Veterans ' Legion .
Tsurugi ( sword ) A is a Japanese broadsword , akin to the " jian " Chinese sword . The word is used in the West to refer to a specific type of Japanese straight , double - edged sword used in antiquity . Kusanagi - no - Tsurugi . The current name for the sword which is one of the Three Imperial Regalia of Japan is " Kusanagi - no - Tsurugi " .
Lee ' s Additional Continental Regiment Lee ' s Additional Continental Regiment was raised on January 12 , 1777 with troops from Massachusetts at Cambridge , Massachusetts for service with the Continental Army . The regiment saw action at the Battle of Monmouth and the Battle of Rhode Island . The Regiment was merged into the 16th Massachusetts Regiment on April 9 , 1779 . Lineage carried on by the 101st Engineer Battalion ( United States ) .
Josef Brandner Josef Wilhelm Brandner ( 1 September 1915 – 6 June 1996 ) was a highly decorated panzer ace in the Wehrmacht during World War II who was one of only 882 recipients who were awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Battle of Falconaria The Battle of Falconaria ( also La Falconara or Falconeria ) was a battle of the latter days of the War of the Sicilian Vespers . Fought on 1 December 1299 between the forces of Frederick II of Sicily and Philip I of Taranto of the Kingdom of Naples , it was a momentous victory for Frederick and a disaster for Philip , who was captured . Prelude . Philip had been named , on 12 July 1294 , as vicar - general of the Kingdom of Sicily by his father , Charles II of Naples . As such , he took over preparations for a general invasion of the island , which invasion was realised in November 1299 . He landed with about fifty galleys and numerous militia and noblemen and besieged Trapani . Frederick lost no time in assembling the able - bodied citizenry and his own troops at Castrogiovanni and marching to relieve Trapani . On the plain of Falconaria , between Marsala and Trapani , the two armies met . Philip assembled his army in traditional feudal fashion : three battles abreast . He himself commanded the right , while the centre was under the command of the marshal , Broglio dei Bonsi , and the left Thomas II Sanseverino , count of Marsico . Frederick too followed typical medieval tactics and aligned his forces in three columns side - by - side . Frederick commanded his own centre , composed entirely of infantry . The left he put under command of Blasco I of Alagona , with a little cavalry and some Almogàvers . The right was composed mainly of cavalry under the direction of Frederick ' s premier vassals , the victors of Montaperti . Battle . The battle started when the Sicilian left marched against Sanseverino . In response , Philip ordered his crossbow men to bombard the Almogàvers . Philip himself then led his men against Blasco and the Sicilian left , but meeting strong resistance , he moved against the weak Sicilian centre under Frederick himself . This move was fatal . Broglio was impeded from entering at that moment and this gave the opportunity to Blasco to turn his Almogàver mercenaries on Philip , whose cavalry , the flower of Neapolitan chivalry , was completely disordered . Philip fought bravely until he was unhorsed and taken prisoner . Aftermath . With their leader captured , the Neapolitan attack melted away and Frederick marched victoriously into Trapani .
Walls of Thessaloniki The Walls of Thessaloniki ( ) are the city walls surrounding the city of Thessaloniki during the Middle Ages and until the late 19th century , when large parts of the walls , including the entire seaward section , were demolished as part of the Ottoman authorities ' restructuring of Thessaloniki ' s urban fabric . The city was fortified from its establishment in the late 4th century BC , but the present walls date from the early Byzantine period , ca . 390 , and incorporate parts of an earlier , late 3rd - century wall . The walls consist of the typical late Roman mixed construction of ashlar masonry alternating with bands of brick . The northern part of the walls adjoins the acropolis of the city , which formed a separate fortified enceinte , and within it lies another citadel , the Heptapyrgion ( popularly known by its Ottoman name , Yedi Kule ) .
George Frederick Phillips George Frederick Phillips , ( March 8 , 1862 – June 4 , 1904 ) was a U . S . Navy Machinist First Class who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Spanish - American War in 1899 . Biography . George Phillips went to Galveston , Texas where he joined the United States Navy in March 1898 . During the Spanish - American War he was aboard ship that made its way to the entrance to the harbor at Santiago de Cuba . There , the , a 3362 - ton collier , was supplying coal to U . S . warships . On June 3 , 1898 , in a daring attempt to bottle up the Spanish cruiser squadron , the " Merrimac " was scuttled inside the entrance of Santiago Harbor . Under heavy fire from the Spanish shore batteries , Machinist First Class Phillips displayed extraordinary heroism throughout this operation . In recognition of his valor , on November 2 , 1899 he was awarded the Medal of Honor , the highest United States military decoration . George Phillips was discharged from the Navy in August 1903 , and died in 1904 at the age of 42 in Cambridge , Massachusetts ; his body was returned home to Canada where he was interred in the Fernhill Cemetery in his hometown of Saint John , New Brunswick . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Machinist First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : March 9 , 1864 , Coles Island , New Brunswick , Canada . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 529 , November 2 , 1899 . Citation : In connection with the sinking of the U . S . S . Merrimac at the entrance to the harbor of Santiago de Cuba 2 June 1898 . Despite heavy fire from the Spanish shore batteries , Phillips displayed extraordinary heroism throughout this operation .
Basil Robinson Group Captain Basil Vernon Robinson DSO DFC & bar AFC ( 1912 – 1943 ) was a pilot with RAF Bomber Command during World War II . He is most notable for flying a Handley Page Halifax bomber over 500 miles back to England and safely landing it after the other six crew members bailed out . Robinson was born in Gateshead , Tyne and Wear and was a keen rugby player . He was commissioned into the RAF in 1933 and joined No . 35 Squadron RAF in 1941 after completing a tour of duty as a pilot on Whitley bombers . On 18 December 1941 he was involved in an air raid on German battleship s Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and was awarded the DFC for his actions . In March 1942 he was appointed commander of 35 Squadron which became a pathfinder unit . On the night of 18 / 19 November 1942 after a raid on Turin , Italy a target indicator flare left hanging in the 22 ft long bomb bay of Robinson ' s aircraft burst into flames whilst he was flying over the Alps . He ordered the crew to bail out and stayed at the controls whilst they did so to maintain level flight . However by the time they had all jumped he realised that the flames had died down . He therefore decided to attempt to fly the large aircraft back to England over hostile territory without a navigator , flight engineer , wireless operator or air gunner s . He was subsequently promoted to Group Captain and appointed the station commander at RAF Graveley . He died on the night of 23 / 24 August 1943 near Wensickendorf , Germany when his Halifax was shot down by a nightfighter during a raid on Berlin . He is buried in the Berlin 1939 - 45 war cemetery .
5th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force The 5th Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force ( 5th Sasebo SNLF ) were troops of the Imperial Japanese Navy ' s Special Naval Landing Forces . Formed at the Sasebo Naval District , the 5th Sasebo SNLF participated in the invasion of Buna - Gona , the Guadalcanal Campaign and the battle of Milne Bay .
ANZAC A badge The ANZAC " A " badge is a brass insignia authorised in November 1917 for members of the First Australian Imperial Force who had served as a member of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ( ANZACs ) during the Gallipoli campaign in 1915 . In 1918 , eligibility was extended to those who had served at Lemnos , Imbros and Tenedos and the transports and hospitals off Gallipoli as well as the communications line to Egypt . History . The origins of the award are uncertain with John Monash , William Birdwood and John Gellibrand all being credited with the idea in various accounts . The most likely version is that the award was a result of several ideas proposed in early 1916 to commemorate the Anzacs . When Monash led his brigade in commemorating the first Anzac Day , men who had served at Gallipoli wore a blue ribbon on their right breast and those who had gone ashore as part of the first landing wore a red ribbon as well . Birdwood advised in August 1916 that he supported Australian veterans of the ANZAC campaign wearing an " A " badge on their colour patches . The 1st and 2nd Divisions supported the idea enthuastically . The 3rd and 4th , both of which had fewer ANZAC veterans in their ranks , were less enthuastic in their adoption of the badge . However , Monash , as commander of the 3rd Division , was able to claim by November 1916 that " ' All who have a right to be called " Anzacs " among us are now wearing a metal " A " on the colour patches on the sleeves " . In early 1917 , convalescent soldiers returned to Australia wearing the badge and its status was initially questioned . This led to its formal approval through AIF Order 937 issued in November 1917 . Subsequent orders clarified the entitlement to the badge and made it compulsory . In January 1918 , the order extended eligibility to people who had served behind the lines on the Greek islands of Lemnos , Imbros and Tenedos , on the communication lines and hospital ships offshore or on the islands or in the communications to Egypt . This included nurses who served in the hospital ships meaning that women as well as men received acknowledgement as ANZACS . There was initial resentment of the badges by soldiers who had fought in France at the Battle of Pozières and the Battle of Mouquet Farm in 1916 who thought that their contribution had been equal to the Anzacs . ANZAC rosettes were also worn by men who had joined in 1914 and came home on ANZAC leave to show that they had not been shirking their duty .