naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Starfish ( 19S ) HMS " Starfish " ( 19S ) was a Group one British S class submarine that was depth charged and sunk by a German minesweeper M7 at Heligoland Bight on 9 January 1940 during the Second World War . Her crew were captured . HMS " Starfish " sailed from Blyth for patrol on 5 January 1940 . On 9 January , she sighted a German destroyer and attacked it . A communication problem caused the first attack to fail and as the submarine returned to periscope depth to carry out another attack she was attacked by depth charges . Further depth charge attacks forced " Starfish " to settle on the bottom and wait for the enemy to move on . At 18 : 15 " Starfish " returned to the surface , all confidential documents were destroyed and the submarine scuttled . The ship ’ s company were picked up by the waiting ships and taken as prisoners of war .
Battle of Ibiraocaí The Battle of Ibiraocaí ( Portuguese : " Batalha de Ibiraocaí " ) , ( Spanish : " Batalla de Ibirocay " ) was a battle fought between an army of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves and the rebel forces of José Artigas commanded by José Antonio Berdún . The Portuguese were victorious .
Type 61 25mm AAA guns The Type 61 ( Dual - 25mm ) is a shipboard antiaircraft artillery developed and used by China . It is manually operated by a single crew with optical sight . The development began in 1961 and the batch production began in 1966 . Users . Here are some platforms using the Oto melara 76 mm :
Goguryeo – Yamato War The Goguryeo – Yamato War occurred at the end of 4th century and the beginning of the 5th century between Goguryeo and Yamato era Japan . After this war , Goguryeo made both Silla and Baekje its subjects , bringing about a loose unification of Korean Peninsula that lasted about 50 years .
Battle of Ctesiphon ( 264 ) The Battle of Ctesiphon took place in 264 , after the Sassanids were defeated and lost Syria and Cappadocia to the Roman Empire . Odaenathus stood at the walls of Ctesiphon however he could not conquer it , therefor it ended with victory for the Sassanids .
John Raymond Broadbent ( Major General ) Major General John Raymond Broadbent , CBE , DSO , ED ( born in Manly , New South Wales – died ) was an Australian Army officer and lawyer . Broadbent studied at the University of Sydney , gaining the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts in 1938 .
6th Bengal European Regiment The 6th Bengal European Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British East India Company , created in 1858 and disbanded in 1867 . The regiment was raised in Bengal by the East India Company in 1858 , for service in the Indian Mutiny ; the " European " in the name indicated that it was manned by white soldiers , not Indian sepoy s . The regiment was composed of officers drawn from two Indian units which had mutinied , the 7th Bengal Native Infantry and 8th Bengal Native Infantry . As with all other " European " units of the Company , they were placed under the command of the Crown following the end of the Mutiny in 1858 . The regiment was reduced to cadre strength in 1861 , and disbanded in 1867 .
Rostker v . Goldberg Rostker v . Goldberg , , was a decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that the practice of requiring only men to register for the draft was constitutional . On July 2 , 1980 , President Jimmy Carter re - established the Military Selective Service System with a recommendation that the Act be extended to include women . After extensive hearings , floor debate and committee sessions on the matter , the United States Congress enacted the law , as it had previously been , to apply to men only . Several attorneys including one Robert L . Goldberg subsequently challenged the gender distinction as unconstitutional . ( The named defendant is Bernard D . Rostker , Director of the Selective Service System . ) In a 6 - to - 3 decision , the Supreme Court held that this gender distinction was not a violation of the equal protection component of the due process clause , and that the Act would stand as passed . In the majority opinion , Justice William Rehnquist wrote " [ t ] he existence of the combat restrictions clearly indicates the basis for Congress ' decision to exempt women from registration . The purpose of registration was to prepare for a draft of combat troops . Since women are excluded from combat , Congress concluded that they would not be needed in the event of a draft , and therefore decided not to register them . " Implicit in the " obiter dicta " of the ruling was to hold valid the statutory restrictions on gender discrimination in assigning combat roles . White , Marshall , and Brennan dissented . Marshall commented that " The Court today places its imprimatur on one of the most potent remaining public expressions of ' ancient canards about the proper role of women ' . "
Chief Royal Engineer The Chief Royal Engineer ( CRE ) is the official head of the Corps of Royal Engineers . He was also the professional head of the Corps until 1941 , when that role was moved to that of the Engineer - in - Chief . Origin and development . Before the English Restoration a Chief Engineer was a pay grade and not defined . In 1660 King Charles II appointed Sir Charles Lloyd , who had served in the English Civil War , as head of a new department of engineers . The position was confirmed in a Royal Warrant ( 26 May 1716 ) , which also authorised the formation of the Corps of Engineers . When in 1802 , Sir William Green , 1st Baronet retired , the office was abolished and Robert Morse became the newly created Inspector - General of Fortifications and of Royal Engineers ( IGF ) . Until 1855 the Inspector - General was attached to the Board of Ordnance and then was subordinate directly to the Commander - in - Chief . In 1862 the office was extended to Inspector - General of Engineers and Director of Work , keeping the affiliation in the former function while being now responsible to the Secretary of State for War in the latter . On the resignation of Edward Frome in 1869 , both offices were separated for one year . The Director of Works was dropped in 1895 and the office was renamed to Inspector - General of Fortifications . It was again abolished in 1904 and replaced by the Director of Fortifications and Works . Modern times . In 1936 the post of Chief Royal Engineer was recreated and Sir Bindon Blood was appointed by King George V . Sir Bindon was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1860 and had a distinguished active career until he retired in 1907 aged 65 . He was thus 94 years old when appointed Chief Royal Engineer . He resigned in 1940 and died a month later aged 97 . Since 1941 the professional head of the Corps has been the Engineer - in - Chief ( EinC ) who as ' Director of Royal Engineers ' , acts as the engineer advisor to the Chief of the General Staff ( CGS ) as well as to the Royal Navy , the Royal Air Force and other government ministries on matters of military engineering on behalf of the CGS . On the domestic ( regimental ) side of the Corps he issues instructions on behalf of the ' Chief Royal Engineer ' . Today the Chief Royal Engineer is head of the Corps of Royal Engineers and is invariably a distinguished officer of the Corps , his tenure in the post is normally for a period of five years . He is responsible for seeing that the Corps ' traditions and customs are preserved and the continuity of important matters of Corps policy . He keeps the Colonel - in - Chief ( as of 2009 Queen Elizabeth II ) informed on Corps matters and maintains contact with engineer units in the Commonwealth . He will usually have previously served as a Colonel Commandant and will continue to fill one of the vacancies . " vacant for nine years " " vacant for six years "
4683d Air Defense Wing The 4683rd Air Defense Wing ( Air Def Wg ) is a discontinued United States Air Force ( USAF ) organization . Its last assignment was with Aerospace Defense Command ( ADC ) ' s Goose Air Defense Sector at Thule Air Base , Greenland , where it was discontinued in 1965 . The wing was organized in 1960 and assigned a fighter interceptor squadron and a squadron operating a radar for ground control intercept . The 4683d also acted as the host organization at Thule until October , when support units were transferred to the 4683d Air Base Group , which was attached to the wing , but assigned to the 64th Air Division in Newfoundland . It supported the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System when the system was activated at Thule , but was discontinued when that mission supplanted the wing ' s traditional air defense mission . History . The 4683rd Air Def Wg was established in 1960 when ADC assumed host responsibility for Thule AB from Strategic Air Command . Its operational mission was to act at the command and control echelon , controlling both a radar and a fighter squadron in Greenland to provide forward air defense of northeast North America . Through the attached 4683rd Air Base Group , the wing also acted as the USAF host organization for Thule AB . The wing provided support for an Army Nike Missile air defense unit . The 931st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron ( AC & W Sq ) , already at Thule , was reassigned to the wing from the 64th Air Division immediately upon organization of the wing . The 931st was located on Pingarssuit Mountain ( Site N - 32 ) , 20 miles south of the main base . The wing was assigned the 332d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron ( FIS ) , flying F - 102 Delta Dagger interceptor aircraft when the squadron moved to Thule from England AFB , Louisiana in September 1960 . It also supported the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System ( BMEWS ) when the system was activated at Thule . The 332nd FIS was inactivated at the end of May 1965 . The wing was discontinued in 1965 and replaced as host organization at Thule by the 4683rd Air Base Group . The wing ' s 931st AC & W Sq was assigned to the 4683rd Air Base Group until the squadron was inactivated on 24 December 1965 . The Army ' s NIKE operations also ended in 1965 , and Thule ' s primary mission became BMEWS operations . Lineage . Components . Group Operational Squadrons Support Units Bibliography . Further Reading
Helmut Leicht Helmut Leicht ( 2 November 1916 – 26 June 1944 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Helmut Leicht was listed as missing in action as of 26 June 1944 after a flight near Vitebsk , Belarus . He was posthumously awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross on 24 October 1944 . During his career he flew 900 flights .
Battle of Lutterberg ( 1758 ) The Battle of Lutterberg took place on 10 October 1758 during the Seven Years War between a French force of 42 , 000 commanded by Charles , Prince of Soubise and a much smaller Anglo - German force commanded by General Christoph Ludwig von Oberg . The two armies clashed near the town of Lutterberg , Lower Saxony . The 14 , 000 mostly Prussian Allied troops , were overwhelmed by several charges of French cavalry and were forced to withdraw . Despite having won a decisive victory , Soubise was slow to pursue the retreating enemy - causing his superiors in Paris to replace him with the Marquis de Contades . Soubise earned a Marshal ’ s baton for this victory . François de Chevert was decorated with the Grand Croix for his contributions in the battle .
4th Guards Army The Fourth Guards Army was an elite army headquarters of the Soviet Union during World War II and the postwar era . On April 16 , 1943 , the Supreme Command ordered the army to be established . On May 5 , 1943 , the army was formed on the basis of the 24th Army in the Steppe Military District . . It included the 20th and 21st Guards Rifle and 3rd Guards Tank Corps . On July 3 the Army was placed in Stavka reserve , on July 18 included in the Steppe Front , and on July 23 once again put in Stavka reserve . The Army fought in decisive actions such as the Battle of Kursk , the Iassy - Kishinev Offensive , the struggle for central Hungary , and the Vienna Offensive . At the end of the war , the Fourth Guards Army was part of the 3rd Ukrainian Front . Disbanded in March 1947 . Order of battle . The order of battle for the Fourth Guards Army on May 1 , 1945 was : Fourth Guards Army After the war for a period the 4th Guards Army joined the Central Group of Forces in Austria until its withdrawal .
Thomas Hemingway Brigadier General Thomas Hemingway is an American military lawyer who has served as a legal advisor to the Office of Military Commissions . Thomas Hemingway was a distinguished graduate of the Air Force ROTC program , was commissioned as a second lieutenant in November 1962 after earning his undergraduate degree at Willamette University . Upon graduation , he took an educational delay and earned his doctor of jurisprudence in 1965 at Willamette University College of Law . Hemingway entered active service in November 1965 . He has also been an associate professor of law at the United States Air Force Academy and a senior judge on the Air Force Court of Military Review . He is a current member of the state bar in Oregon and the District of Columbia , and has been admitted to practice before the U . S . Court of Federal Claims , the U . S . Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the Supreme Court of the United States . He retired from active service in October 1996 . General Hemingway was recalled to active service in August 2003 to fill the position as Legal Adviser to the Convening Authority in the Department of Defense Office of Military Commissions , Washington , D . C . General . He was replaced by Thomas W . Hartmann in July 2007 . Leaked memos , quoted in an article published by Australian newspaper The Age , revealed major concerns Major Robert Preston and Captain John Carr had about the procedure for trying suspected terrorists held in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp . These two military lawyers were tasked to serve as prosecutors before those commissions . The memos revealed that they thought their superior had promised them that the commissions trying the suspects would be rigged . His step daughter Kristen P . Spanic has followed in in his foot steps as a JAG Officer in the US Army . Hemingway was quoted trying to dismiss the concerns of three of the lawyers as based on simple misunderstandings .
Painscastle Painscastle ( Welsh : " Castell Paun " ) is a castle in Powys in mid Wales and also a village which takes its name from the castle . It lies between Builth and Hay - on - Wye , approximately 3 miles from the Wales - England border today . Early history . The first castle would appear to have been built by Pain fitzJohn . The site was probably what remained of a much earlier Roman fort , so naturally defensible . The ground plan is rectangular and Roman artifacts have been found at the site . Pain fitzJohn was killed by a Welsh raiding party in 1137 and Elfael in which Painscastle stands , was taken over by the native Welsh ruler , Madog ab Idnerth . Recapture & Refortification . The castle remained in Welsh hands until about 1195 when the area was captured by William de Braose , 4th Lord of Bramber , who refortified the castle . His formidable wife Maud de Braose , also known as Matilda , held Painscastle against the Welsh for a few months . Welsh sieges . In 1196 Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth defeated the Marcher Lords in a battle at Radnor 8 miles to the north and also besieged Painscastle , but did not actually take it as terms were agreed . In 1198 Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys raised a large army to besiege the castle , but was heavily defeated by an army led by the Justiciar , Geoffrey fitz Peter . This English army formed at nearby Hay on Wye . Baronial conflict . William de Braose fell out with king John of England in 1208 and was forced to flee the kingdom . King John held his lands and castles until Painscastle was apparently occupied by Iorwerth Clud , a Welsh de Braose ally , in 1215 . He submitted to King John in 1216 and was granted the Lordship of Elfael until his death in 1222 . The Welsh then transferred their allegiance back to Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and the castle was attacked and destroyed by the Welsh . Campaign against Llywelyn the Great . In 1231 the castle was rebuilt in stone by King Henry III of England and Hubert de Burgh as part of a campaign against Llywelyn the Great . In 1233 the castle was claimed by Ralph Tosny , whose family held it until the castle was taken by Llywelyn the Last from Roger Tosny in 1265 . Another Ralph Tosny was able to recover and rebuild it in 1276 . It later passed to the Beauchamp dynasty ' s hands , Earls of Warwick . Owain Glyndŵr . Painscastle was refortified yet again at the time of the Welsh rebellion led by Owain Glyndŵr in 1401 while under the Beauchamp s for the King , Henry IV . Today . Little now remains of the castle other than the massive earthworks .
4081st Strategic Wing The 4081st Strategic Wing ( 4081st SW ) is a discontinued United States Air Force unit , stationed at Ernest Harmon AFB , Newfoundland , where it was inactivated on 25 June 1966 . The 4081st SW was a non - flying ground service support element for the Strategic Air Command Eighth Air Force , 45th Air Division , based at Ernest Harmon AFB , Newfoundland , Canada . It was organized on 1 April 1957 and disontinued on 25 June 1966 . When activated , the wing assumed the resources ( Manpower , Equipment , Weapons , & Facilities ) of the 6605th Air Base Wing , which had originally been established on 1 June 1954 . Throughout its existence it was controlled by Strategic Air Command . Eighth Air Force provided intermediate command and control from its establishment until 1 January 1959 ; the 45th Air Division from then until its inactivation , being assigned to Harmon AFB . USAF personnel had been assigned to facility since 1941 , was operated as a refueling stop on the North Atlantic transport route , later as a fighter - interceptor base assigned to Northeast Air Command . SAC assumed control of base in 1957 and established the 4081st Strategic Wing when facility was upgraded to become a B - 52 Stratofortress support and dispersal base to make it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire B - 52 fleet with a surprise first strike . The base supported transient aircraft , with no permanent aircraft assigned . The wing was inactivated in 1966 with the close down of Harmon AFB and the subsequent return of the facility to the Royal Canadian Air Force .
Ferenc Wesselényi Count Ferenc Wesselényi de Hadad et Murány ( 1605 – Zólyomlipcse ( Slovenská Ľupča ) , 23 March 1667 ) was a Hungarian military commander and the palatine of the Royal Hungary . Life . He was the son of István Wesselényi , royal court counselor of King Ferdinand II of Austria . He was raised at the Jesuit school in Nagyszombat ( Trnava ) where he catholicized . His enormous physical strength and intense temperament predestined him for a military career . In his young ages , he participated in several battles against the Ottoman Turks . He also helped King Władysław IV of Poland with a Hungarian team against the Russians and Tatars and this deed was rewarded with Polish citizenship and a valuable estate . He was raised to the rank of count by Ferdinand II of Austria and was also appointed commander of the castle of Fülek ( Filakovo ) . In 1647 , he was appointed general and as such he fought against the Swedes and later against prince György Rákóczi of Transylvania . In 1644 , he seized the castle of Murány ( Muráň ) notably with the help of his future third wife , Mária Széchy . For this deed , King Ferdinand granted him the castles of Murány and Balog . After learning of her husband ' s adultery with his future third wife , Mária Széchy , his second wife , Zsófia Bosnyák , became unhappy and always spent her nights praying in their castle ' s chapel . She soon became sick and died at the age of 35 . On 15 March 1655 , he was elected palatine by the Royal Hungary ' s diet in Pressburg . In this capacity , he was present at the coronation of Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor . In 1661 , he had difficulties with the revolting imperial troops reluctant to leave Royal Hungary . In 1662 , he took an active part in the political debates on protestant matters in favour of the protestant nobility . In 1663 , he fought against the Turks . In 1665 , he joined the conspirators holding their meetings in the baths of Trencsén ( Trenčin ) and Zólyom ( Zvolen ) but he died before the conspiracy was discovered . His widow was interned in Vienna and his estates were confiscated .
Zebrzydowski Rebellion Zebrzydowski ' s Rebellion ( ) , or the Sandomierz Rebellion ( ) , was a rokosz ( semi - legal rebellion ) in the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth against King Sigismund III Vasa . The rokosz , formed on 5 August 1606 by Mikołaj Zebrzydowski , Jan Szczęsny Herburt , Stanisław Stadnicki , Aleksander Józef Lisowski and Janusz Radziwiłł in Stężyca and Lublin , was caused by the growing dissatisfaction with the King among the nobility ( " szlachta " ) , who disapproved of the King ' s efforts to limit the power of the nobles ( his attempts to weaken the " Sejm " , the Polish parliament ) and to introduce a hereditary monarchy in place of the elective one ) . The rebellion ( 1606 – 08 ) ended in the defeat of the rebels . Despite its failure to overthrow the King , it firmly established the dominance of the szlachta over the monarch in the Polish - Lithuanian political system . History . The Polish nobles gathered at rokosz formed a konfederacja . Demands of the konfederacja was outlined in 67 articles . They demanded Sigismund III ' s dethronement for breaching the Henrician Articles , and the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . They further demanded that the Sejm was to be appoint state officials instead of the king ; that local officials should be elected and not appointed and that Protestant rights should be expanded and protected . The 1607 Sejm rejected the demands . Meanwhile , the rebel nobles gathered in Guzów ( Guzow , Guznów , Guznow , Guzowo ) , and in 1607 , the Royal Army led by Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz ( commander at the Battle of Kircholm ) was sent to pacify the rebels . The confrontation turned violent , eventually leading to a full - scale battle ( Battle of Guzów ) on July 5 / July 6 ( sources vary ) , with 200 casualties , which resulted in the victory of the Royalist faction . By 1609 , the rebellion was over . Two years after the start of the revolt , the rebellious nobles formally surrendered to the king at the 1609 meeting of the Sejm , which became known as the Pacification Sejm . The nobles surrendered in return for leniency , as many royal supporters , including Hetman Chodkiewicz had successfully argued for amnesty for the rebels . Despite the failure of the rebellion , it nevertheless ruined any chance that Sigismund III had to strengthen his role in the government . Polish historian Oskar Halecki wrote : After the rebellion , King Sigismund attempted to funnel the nobles ' restless energy into external wars . This , combined with other factors , led to the official Commonwealth involvement in the Polish - Muscovy War ( 1609 - 1618 ) , which followed the Dimitriads ( 1605 - 1609 ) .