naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament The Limitation of Naval Armament included many separate treaties . In general , the treaties involved the United States , United Kingdom , Japan , Italy and France . One of the treaties , known as the Four Power Act , provided that the US , UK , Japan and France would help maintain peace in the Pacific Ocean , while another , the Five Power Treaty , stipulated that the US , UK and Japan would build ships in a 5 : 5 : 3 ratio . This was originally proposed by US Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes , and was rejected by the Japanese . Tokyo agreed , however , when a provision was added forbidding the US and UK to fortify their Pacific island possessions , but allowing Japan to do so . A third treaty , the Nine Power Treaty , emphasized maintaining an Open Door Policy in China . The treaties came into effect as the result of the Washington Disarmament Conference , held by the US in 1921 – 22 . The world ' s popular mood was peace and disarmament throughout the 1920s . At the end of the Great War , Britain still had the largest navy afloat but its big ships were becoming obsolete , and the Americans and Japanese were rapidly building expensive new warships . London and Tokyo were allies in a treaty that was due to expire in 1922 . Although there were no immediate dangers , observers increasingly pointed to the American - Japanese rivalry for control of the Pacific Ocean as a long - term threat to world peace . By this time , London realized it had best cast its lot with Washington rather than Tokyo . To stop a needless , expensive and possibly dangerous arms race , the major countries signed a series of naval disarmament agreements . The most important was the Washington Conference of 1922 , sponsored by President Warren Harding and run by Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes . Harding demanded action in order to gain domestic political credit . Hughes , helped by the cryptographers who were reading the Japanese diplomatic secrets , brilliantly engineered a deal that everyone though best for themselves . To resolve technical disputes about the quality of warships , the conferees adopted a quantitative standard , based on tonnage displacement ( a simple measure of the size of a ship ) . A ten - year agreement fixed the ratio of battleships at 5 : 5 : 3 — that is 525 , 000 tons for the USA , 525 , 000 tons for Britain , and 315 , 000 tons for Japan . The dominant weapons systems of the era — battleships — could be no larger than 35 , 000 tons . The major powers allowed themselves 135 , 000 : 135 , 000 : 81 , 000 tons for the newfangled aircraft carriers . The Washington Conference exactly captured the worldwide popular demand for peace and disarmament ; without it , the US , Britain and Japan would have engaged in an expensive buildup , with each worried the other two might be getting too powerful . The agreements forced the US to scrap 15 old battleships and two new ones , along with 13 ships under construction . Britain had to scrap ships too — indeed , more warships were lost at Washington than at any battle in history .
Fernando Air Base Fernando Air Base ( FAB ) was originally constructed by the Japanese Imperial Army over an area of a wide sugar cane plantation before the Second World War . It is 1 , 220 feet ( 375 m ) above sea level and is situated on a plateau overlooking Taal Volcano with an area of 288 hectares ( 712 acres ) of land , about 45 nautical miles ( 83 km ) SSE of Manila . Fernando Air Base is named after Lt . Col . Basilio Fernando ( one of the pioneers of the Philippine aviation ) . Fernando Air Base is also the location of Air Education and Training Command of Philippine Air Force located in Lipa City , Batangas , Philippines . Fernando Air Base or Philippine Air Force Air Education and Training Command located along Pres . J . P . Laurel Highway , Barangay Sico , Lipa City , Batangas . History . On 12 April 1948 , the late President Manuel Roxas directed the renaming of Lipa Air Base to Fernando field and subsequently , to Fernando Air Base in honor of Lt Col Basilio Fernando , one of the pioneers of Philippine aviation . In 1952 , Fernando Air Base became a training base called the 100th Training Wing where training units and other support units of the Philippine Air Force were grouped . On 21 September 1999 , the 100th Training Wing was deactivated and the Air Education and Training Command was established with a greater responsibility and wider scope of training task . A barangay was established in the base named Barangay Fernando .
Cary Castle Cary Castle stood on Lodge Hill overlooking the town of Castle Cary , Somerset , England . It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Details . The motte and bailey castle was built either by Walter of Douai or by his son Robert who also built Bampton Castle in Devon . During The Anarchy Robert was exiled by King Stephen and the castle given to Ralph Lovel who then sided with Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester against the king . King Stephen abandoned his siege of Bristol in 1138 and besieged Cary Castle with fire and showers of stones from Siege engines until the defenders surrendered . In 1143 Stephen lost control of the West Country after the Battle of Wilton . Henry de Tracy gained control of Cary Castle and built another stronghold in front of the older castle , however this was demolished when William Fitz Robert , 2nd Earl of Gloucester and his troops arrived to take the castle . The Lovels later achieved the return of the castle and their descendents were lords of the manor until the 14th century . By 1468 the castle had been abandoned . Around that time a manor house was built on or adjacent to the site of the castle , possibly by Baron Zouche . It later passed to Edward Seymour , 1st Duke of Somerset but by the 1630s it was occupied by Edward Kirton . It was largely demolished at the end of the 18th century . The site was excavated in 1890 and demonstrated the foundations of a 24 metre square stone keep and an inner and outer bailey . Only the earthworks now remain . Some of the stonework of the castle can be seen in the buildings of the town , and a display about its history is available in the Castle Cary and District Museum .
Galactic Radiation and Background Galactic Radiation and Background ( GRAB ) was the covername for Project Dyno ELINT intelligence satellites operated by the U . S . Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ) shortly after the Cold War U - 2 incident of 1960 . The satellites carried two sets of instruments : an unclassified experiment ( called Solrad ) and a then - classified payload to collect electronic intelligence ( ELINT ) ( called " Tattletale " ) . Of five attempted launches , two missions were successful . The program is also known by the later codeword " Canes " . The first GRAB satellite was launched 22 June 1960 on the same rocket as " Transit 2A " , an early naval navigation satellite . Called GRAB 1 , it has the distinction of being the first successful U . S . intelligence satellite , returning intelligence data on 5 July 1960 . It collected ELINT information over a period of three months , totaling 22 data collection passes of 40 min each over the Soviet Union , China and their allies . The SOLRAD experiment remained operational for 10 months . The other successful GRAB mission , called " GRAB 2 " was launched 29 June 1961 , atop the same Thor - Able - Star launch vehicle as " Injun " , a geophysical science satellite from the University of Iowa , and " Transit 4A " . GRAB 2 functioned in orbit for fourteen months . The GRAB program cover was developed after the public disclosure of Project TATTLETALE in the " New York Times " . TATTLETALE satellites were supposed to obtain RADAR ELINT information in the S - band using a crystal video receiver derived from the German World War II ATHOS system from a 500 nm circular orbit , and transpond them pulse - by - pulse to ground stations . The ELINT capabilities expanded from one RF band for the first two launch attempts to multiple bands from launch three on . The primary mission was to map the Soviet air defense radars . The existence of the program was declassified by the NRL in 1998 . After the establishment of the National Reconnaissance Office in 1962 the program was continued by the POPPY program until its termination on 30 September 1977 . Incidents . During the second launch attempt , the Thor booster shut down 12 seconds early , and the flight was subsequently terminated by Range safety . As fragments fell on Cuba , subsequent launches from Cape Canaveral flew a dogleg trajectory to reach 70 degree inclination .
196th Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 196th Division was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10 , 000 men . It was a component of the 66th Army , consisting of the 586th , 587th , and 588th Regiments . Current . The current status of the unit is unknown .
David Blacker David Blacker is a Sri Lankan author . In the early 1990s , as a 19 - year - old , Blacker served in the 6th Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment of the Sri Lanka Army at Elephant Pass , seeing action in the regiment ' s heroic defense of the base . In 2001 , after being wounded in battle , he went to Europe and took a part - time designing job . Blacker began to write in his spare time , and soon produced " A Cause Untrue " , a tale of Sri Lankan war . Blacker said that while personal experience formed the basis of the novel , the plot was entirely fabricated . In 2004 the novel in manuscript form was short - listed for the Gratiaen Prize , which led to its publication in 2005 . Subsequently , the book won Best Novel at the 2006 State Literary Awards and was on the 2007 long list for the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award . Blacker ' s blog , the Blacklight Arrow , was one of the most popular Sri Lankan websites during the war , and Dr Dayan Jayatillake , Sri Lanka ' s former permanent representative to the UN in Geneva is quoted as saying " “ The Blacklight Arrow was way ahead in analysing and projecting the war as it unfurled this time . I have read and met commentators on military and strategic / security affairs from the UK , US , India , Russia and Israel and this guy Blacker is world class , and would be recognised as such except he ’ s too damn lazy to write . His knowledge of world military history is enormous . As a member of the International Expert Panel of Security Index , the top journal of security studies out of Moscow , I can safely say I know of no Sri Lankan or Sri Lankan - born analyst of military affairs who is better . ” " Articles from Blacker ' s blog have also been reproduced in the " Times of India " and Sri Lanka ' s " Sunday Island " . Blacker lives in Sri Lanka and is a creative director and works in advertising .
USS Houma ( YTB - 811 ) Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Houma " was awarded 22 June 1970 . She was laid down down on 1 December 1970 at Sturgeon Bay , Wisconsin , by Peterson Builders and launched 8 May 1971 . Operational history . Delivered to the Navy 23 September 1971 , " Houma " served at Naval Base Roosevelt Roads , San Juan , Puerto Rico . Stricken from the Navy List 9 November 1999 , ex - " Houma " was sold by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service ( DRMS ) , 6 March 2003 , to Marine Tug LLC , Falmouth , Maine . Later acquired by McAllister Towing , ex - " Houma " was renamed " Stacy McAllister " .
Pskov Airport Pskov Airport ( ) is an airfield in Pskov Oblast , Russia located 6 km southeast of Pskov . It is a medium air base with 27 large revetment s in a complex , sprawling taxiway layout . The civilian terminal area services 13 medium / large planes and 20 small planes . There is no instrument landing capability . The primary military user is the 334 VTAP ( 334th Military Transport Aviation Regiment ) , operating Ilyushin Il - 76 aircraft . Scheduled passenger flights are operated by Embraer 120 and Fokker 50 . In 1990s regular flights were interrupted due to a significant reduction of the demand for passenger and cargo air service . After a short - lived air connection to Moscow operated by Eurasia Airlines in 2003 , scheduled airline services were not resumed before May 2007 . In the beginning these services were operated by St . Petersburg based carrier Vyborg Airlines but has since then been taken over by UTair Aviation and Atlant - Soyuz and later discontinued . In 2009 two airlines announced to serve the airport . Region - Avia started flights to Moscow - Vnukovo and airBaltic announced international services to its Riga hub . The latter services were cancelled in December 2009 due to the state of the runway during winter .
Black Castle , East Lothian Black Castle , East Lothian is an Iron Age hillfort with a number of defensive banks , located south - east of Gifford , East Lothian , Scotland . It is south of the B6355 road , between Darent House and Green Castle hillfort . The fort is on the summit of a hillock , at . It measures about . It has an inner and an outer rampart , and two entrances marked by causeways . To the west is a plantation named Black Castle wood .
Greek destroyer Leon ( D54 ) HS " Leon " ( D - 54 ) ( , " Lion " ) was a destroyer that served with the Greek Navy between 1951 - 1992 . The ship had formerly served with the United States Navy under the name , famous for its alleged role in the Philadelphia Experiment . Service history . " Leon " was transferred to Greece under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program . It was put to service in January 1951 by Vice Admiral D . Foifas . She was used mainly for patrols in the Easter Aegean Sea and for cadet officer ( midshipmen ) training . " Leon " was decommissioned on November 15 . 1992 and later in November 1999 it was sold as scrap to the Piraeus - based V & J Scrapmetal Trading Ltd . Sister ships . " Leon " belonged to a group of four " Cannon " - class destroyers that were transferred to the Greek Navy in 1951 . The other three were " Ierax " ( D - 31 ) ( , " Hawk " ) , " Aetos " ( D - 01 ) ( , " Eagle " ) and " Panthir " ( D - 67 ) ( , " Panther " ) , affectionately known as the " Thiria " ( , " Beasts " ) .
Port Royal Experiment The Port Royal Experiment was a program begun during the American Civil War in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by plantation owners . In 1861 the Union liberated the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and their main harbor , Port Royal . The white residents fled , leaving behind 10 , 000 black slaves . Several private Northern charity organizations stepped in to help the former slaves become self - sufficient . The result was a model of what Reconstruction could have been . The African Americans demonstrated their ability to work the land efficiently and live independently of white control . They assigned themselves daily tasks for cotton growing and spent their extra time cultivating their own crops , fishing and hunting . By selling their surplus crops , the locals acquired small amounts of property . In 1863 , General Mitchel allowed African Americans to found the town of Mitchelville on Hilton Head Island . In 1865 President Andrew Johnson ended the experiment , returning the land to its previous white owners . In February 1862 , a report was made to the Treasury Dept . which gives an indication of the territory held in the Port Royal Experiment : Or about two hundred in all . There are several other islands thus protected , without plantations , as Otter , Pritchard , Fripp , Hunting and Phillips . Lemon and Daw have not been explored by the agents engaged in collecting cotton . The populous island of North Edisto , lying in the direction of Charleston , and giving the name to the finest cotton , is still visited by the rebels . A part near Botany Bay Island is commanded by the guns of one of our war vessels , under which a colony of one thousand negroes sought protection , where they have been temporarily subsisted from its stores . The number has within a few days been stated to have increased to 2300 . - - - E . L . Pierce , " The Negroes at Port Royal : Report of E . L . Pierce , Government Agent , to the Hon . Salmon P . Chase , Secretary of the Treasury " , 1862
General Corps ( Israel ) The Israeli General Corps is the Israel Defense Forces authority responsible for those soldiers which do not belong to any corps . It is headed by the head of the Manpower Directorate ' s Staff Department , current Brigadier - General Michal Ben - Muvhar .
March Against the Vietnam War The March Against the Vietnam War was held April 17 , 1965 . The student activist group Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) held its first anti - Vietnam War protest rally in Washington , DC . 25 , 000 attended , including Joan Baez , Judy Collins , and Phil Ochs .
134th ( 2 / 1st Hampshire ) Brigade The 134th ( 2 / 1st Hampshire ) Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army . It was assigned to the 45th ( 2nd Wessex ) Division and served in British India during the First World War . The brigade was disbanded in September 1917 .
USS Fixity ( AM - 235 ) USS " Fixity " ( AM - 235 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . The ship was ordered and laid down as USS " PCE - 908 " but was renamed and reclassified before her December 1944 commissioning as " Fixity " ( AM - 235 ) . She earned two battle star s in service in the Pacific during the war . She was decommissioned in November 1946 and placed in reserve . In January 1948 , she was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission which sold her into merchant service in 1949 . Operating as the " Commercial Dixie " , she sank in the Ohio River in the late 1990s . Career . Originally named " PCE - 908 " , the ship was launched 4 September 1944 by Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Company , Seattle , Washington ; sponsored by Mrs . P . J . Toien ; and commissioned 29 December 1944 , Lieutenant Commander A . P . Krieger , USNR , in command . Sailing from San Pedro , California , 4 March 1945 , " Fixity " trained in the Hawaiian Islands for the rest of the month , then crossed the Pacific on convoy escort duty to Eniwetok , Ulithi , and Okinawa . From her arrival there 16 May , " Fixity " took station in the inner screen protecting the masses of shipping at the island , on 22 June driving off a lone Japanese airplane which attempted to attack her . She served on patrol and escort at Okinawa until 30 August , then began minesweeping operations off Korea , concentrating on the approaches to Jinsen . On 8 September she rendezvoused with the amphibious force bringing troops to occupy Jinsen , into which she accompanied them . " Fixity " arrived at Sasebo 10 September 1945 , and based there for sweeping operations in Japanese waters until February 1946 , when she sailed for the west coast and inactivation . She was decommissioned at Bremerton , Washington , 6 November 1946 , and transferred to the Maritime Commission 23 January 1948 . She was sold to the Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Co . of Jeffersonville , Indiana and converted to river service in 1949 at Paducah Marine Ways , Paducah , Kentucky , and renamed M / V Commercial Dixie . She was later sold to the Cincinnati Marine Service of Covington , Ohio . She sank in Ohio River at Maysville , Kentucky late 1990s . " Fixity " received two battle star s for World War II service .
Second Battle of Cobadin The Second Battle of Cobadin was a battle fought from 19 to 25 October 1916 between the Central Powers , chiefly the Bulgarian Third Army and the Entente , represented by the Russo - Romanian Army of the Dobrogea . The battle ended in decisive victory for the Central Powers and the occupation of the strategic port of Constanţa and capture of the railway between that city and Cernavodă .
Battle of Coffrane The Battle of Coffrane took place on February 28 , 1296 , about 1 km to the east of Coffrane in the canton of Neuchâtel . The Lords of Valangin with support from the Bishop of Basel rebelled against the Count of Neuchâtel . The battle was fought in the Val - de - Ruz , next to the village of Coffrane . The Count of Neuchâtel , Rollin , won the battle . According to legend , after the battle the rebellious lords were brought to Rollin , who informed them that he had sworn that only two heads from them would pay for the revolt . When the rebels offered up their treasure instead , Rollin allowed them to cast two silver heads which he took instead of executing them . The silver heads were stored in the collegiate church of Neuchâtel until the Protestant Reformation when they were melted down by the iconoclasts .
HMCS Glace Bay ( MM 701 ) HMCS " Glace Bay " ( MM 701 ) is a that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1996 . " Glace Bay " is the second ship of her class which is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project . She is the second vessel to use the designation . " Glace Bay " was laid down on 28 April 1995 at Halifax Shipyards Ltd . , Halifax and was launched on 22 January 1996 . She was officially commissioned into the CF on 26 October 1996 and carries the pennant number 701 . She is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic ( MARLANT ) and is homeported at CFB Halifax .
Li Meng Li Meng ( died 195 ) was a general serving under the warlord Dong Zhuo during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . After Dong Zhuo died by his own adoptive son Lü Bu in an assassination plot by Wang Yun , he went on to serve Wang Yun for a short time . Later that same year ( 192 ) , Dong Zhuo ' s loyalists led by Li Jue , Guo Si , Fan Chou , and Zhang Ji came to the city of Chang ' an . Li Meng and his friend Wang Fang made a secret pact with the loyalists and opened Chang ' an ' s gates together , allowing Dong Zhuo ' s loyalists into the city . Li Meng and Wang Fang then joined the loyalists against their new master Wang Yun . In the second lunar month of 195 , Li Meng and Fan Chou were killed by Li Jue for reasons unstated , spreading panic and paranoia among the generals in the imperial capital . In the historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , two years after the loyalists took over Chang ' an and the young Emperor Xian ( 195 ) , an army from the west from Liang Province approached Chang ' an led by Ma Teng and Han Sui . During the battle , Li Meng fought with Ma Teng ' s eldest son Ma Chao and lost . Li Meng was soon defeated again and tried to escape , but was caught and beheaded . Role in Fiction . Li Meng is a minor character in the story " Switchblade " . Shortly after Dong Zhuo ' s death , Lu Bu arrests Li Meng for his relation to Li Jue . Wang Fang and Zhang Xiu manage to break him out of prison and open the gates . When Wang Fang spared Han Sui in battle , Li Jue executed him , as well as Li Meng .