naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
54th Bombardment Squadron The 54th Bombardment Squadron was a component of the 23d Composite Group , which was stationed at Maxwell Field , Alabama prior to World War II . History . World War I . Organized primarily from recruits in the Columbus , Ohio area , first formed in Columbus on Texas . After a month of indoctrination training at Kelly Field , was transferred to the Aviation Concentration Center Field # 2 ( Hazlehurst Field ) , Long Island , New york where it arrived on 21 September . There the squadron was outfitted for overseas duty , sailing on the Cunard Liner Panenia on 13 October with seven other squadrons . Arrived in Belfast , Ireland on the 28th . The following day the overseas voyage to England was completed , and the squadron disembarked at Liverpool . From there a train trip to Southampton was made overnight , and the squadron arrived at Le Harve , France on 1 November . After some rest in Le Harve , the squadron then boarded a French train for the town of Issoudun in central France . It ' s mission was to assist in the construction of a large training aerodrome , designated the 3d Air Instructional Center . The squadron erected wooden barracks , dug ditches of all types both for water and sewer lines as well as electricity and telephones . Re - designated as the 466th Aero Squadron on 1 February 1918 when a new numbering system came into effect . On 10 March 1918 , with the work largely completed at Issodun , the squadron was moved to the Air Service Production Center # 2 at Romorantin Aerodrome . There , the squadron assisted in the same type of construction it performed at Issodun . By 1 April 1918 , the facility was ready for use as an active Air Service training camp . As part of the permanent garrison at Romorantin , the squadron ' s mission was to assemble aircraft , work in the engineering department , maintain the facilitates of the base , operate the quartermaster ' s office and other administrative departments of the Production Center . It continued this work until the armistice in November 1918 . In late December 1918 , the squadron was ordered demobilized by the Commanding General , Services of Supply . It moved to a staging area near Brest where it awaited transportation back to the United States . The squadron subsequently arrived at Garden City , New York , at the end of January , 1919 where the men were demobilized and returned to Civilian life . Later history . General John W . Persons assumed command of the 54th in October 1939 . The 23rd Composite Group moved to Orlando Army Air Base , Florida , and then to Eglin Field on 1 July 1941 . At this time it comprised the 1st Pursuit Squadron , the 54th Bombardment Squadron ( Medium ) , the 24th Bombardment Squadron ( Light ) , the 54th School Squadron , the 61st Air Base Group , and the 3rd Gunnery and Bombing Range Detachment . On 7 December 1941 , the 54th Bombardment Squadron ( Medium ) was assigned at Eglin Field and was equipped with various aircraft types . The 23rd Composite Group was redesignated the Air Corps Proving Ground Detachment , Air Corps Proving Ground Group at Eglin . B - 26 Marauder s were assigned to the 54th at the Air Proving Ground .
USS Franklin ( 1775 ) The first USS " Franklin " was a schooner in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War . She was named for Benjamin Franklin . " Franklin " was originally a Marblehead fishing vessel fitted out by order of Colonel George Washington in 1775 . She was part of the fleet of schooners under Commodore John Manley that captured numerous British vessels . She was returned to owner in 1776 .
Unit 8604 Unit 8604 ( 広州第8604部隊 ) was the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department unit of the Japanese Southern China Area Army . It allegedly secretly researched biological warfare and other topics through human experimentation during the Second Sino - Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) and World War II era . It was formed in Canton ( Guangzhou ) , a city in southern China , and headquartered at Chungshan Medical University ( Hal Gold , " Unit 731 Testimony " , 2003 , p . 50 ) . The unit was commanded by Major General Sato Shunji , a physician . It was staffed by a total of 800 personnel : 100 commissioned officers ( many with medical or scientific backgrounds ) , 200 medical and scientific researchers , and 500 soldiers and noncommissioned officers . In 1994 , the " Japan ' s China Invasion Factual Investigation Record China Entourage " confirmed the existence of the unit and collected testimony from former members and victims . Shigeru Maruyama , a former member of the unit said that one experiment involved starving prisoners to death and talked of seeing victims being operated on almost every day .
Siege of Kandahar ( 1605 – 06 ) The Siege of Kandahar lasted from 1605 to 1606 . The Mughals had obtained the city of Kandahar in 1595 , after the Mughal army advanced to the city ' s governor , Moẓaffar - Ḥosayn Mirzā , and negotiated with him a surrender . The Safavid ruler , Shah Abbas , was shocked by the loss of the important fortress but abstained from military action , preferring to negotiate a settlement . When Emperor Akbar died on October 27 , 1605 , the Safavid governor of Herat , Hosayn Khan , moved to recapture the city on behalf of the Safavids while the Mughals were distracted from other matters . The city , defended by governor Šāh Beg Khan , held out the Safavid siege until the next year when the new Emperor , Jahangir , sent an army that lifted the siege . Abbas repudiated Hosayn ' s actions in a letter to Jahangir , and both sides reestablished normal relations , though Kandahar would remain a controversial affair between both parties .
German submarine U - 18 ( 1935 ) German submarine " U - 18 " was a Type IIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . It was laid down 10 July 1935 and commissioned on 4 January 1936 . It served in many U - boat flotillas during its service . Fate . While a training boat , " U - 18 " sank at 0954 hrs on 20 November 1936 in Lübeck Bay , after a collision with T - 156 . Eight men died and 12 survived . It was raised on 28 November 1936 . It returned to service on 30 September 1937 when it served in the 30th U - boat Flotilla , after being transported overland and via the Danube to the Black Sea . On 20 August 1944 , in a Soviet air raid on the Romania n harbor of Constanţa in the Black Sea , " U - 18 " was damaged and as a result was deemed not seaworthy and was scuttled on the 25th . The boat was raised by the USSR in late 1944 . It was sunk for target practice by the Soviet submarine on 26 May 1947 off Sevastopol ( also sunk that day was the former ) .
Icchok Malmed Icchok Malmed ( יצחק מאַלמעד ) ( born 1903 in Brześć nad Bugiem - 8 February 1943 in Białystok , Poland ) was a Polish Jew and fighter of the Białystok Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II . On January 1943 German soldiers started the liquidation of the ghetto in Białystok . When they attacked the house at ul . Kupiecka 29 ( Kupiecka Street ) , rounding up all of its residents into the street , Malmed threw acid in the face of one the SS - Soldiers . The sightless German fired his gun several times , hitting another SS - Soldier , killing him . In the melee Malmed managed to escape . For revenge Germans shot with machine guns one hundred men , women and children living in the area where the incident occurred . The Gestapo commander Friedl issued an ultimatum for Malmed to surrender within 24 hours . Failing that , the entire ghetto would be destroyed . Malmed surrendered himself to the Germans . Mordechaj Tenenbaum described in his diary Malmed ’ s courage . Asked why he killed the German soldier , he replied : “ " I hate you . I regret I only killed one . Before my eyes my parents were murdered . Ten thousand Jews in Słonim were liquidated before me . I have no regrets . " ” Malmed was tortured and on the next day hanged near the square where the incident occurred . Germans soldiers riddled Malmed ’ s corpse with bullets after the rope broke and the body fell to the earth and re - hanged it for another 48 hours . Malmed is considered as " Hero of the Białystok Ghetto " , the ul . Kupiecka was renamed after the war in ul . Malmeda ( Malmed Street ) .
Treaty of Bruges ( 1375 ) The Treaty of Bruges was a treaty signed in 1375 between France and England in Bruges , present - day Belgium . It led to the " Truce of Bruges " , a pause in the " Caroline " phase of the Hundred Years ' War . The conference leading to the treaty was called at the instigation of Pope Gregory XI . France was represented in the negotiations by Philip II , Duke of Burgundy and England by John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster . The truce agreed was initially for one year but was later extended until 1377 . Sources . Jean Favier , " La Guerre de Cent Ans " , Paris , Fayard pp . 359 – 370 . ( in French )
460th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion ( United States ) After training at Camp Mackall , North Carolina , United States , the 460th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion ( 460th PFAB ) was combined with the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment ( 517th PIR ) and the 596th Parachute Combat Engineer Company to form the 517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team ( 517th PRCT ) . The 517th PRCT saw most of its combat ( in Italy , Southern France , and the Battle of the Bulge ) as an independent unit .
Bell X - 9 Shrike The Bell Aircraft Corporation X - 9 Shrike was a prototype surface - to - air , liquid - fueled guided missile that was a testbed for the nuclear - armed GAM - 63 RASCAL . It is named after the bird shrike . Thirty - one X - 9 rockets were delivered , flying from April 1949 to January 1953 . The program was used to gather aerodynamic and stability data , and to test guidance and propulsion systems . None of the missiles survived testing . The only known remaining fragment of an X - 9 is part of a vertical stabilizer , at the Larry Bell Museum in Mentone , Indiana . Specifications ( X - 9 ) . General characteristics : Performance : Related content . Comparable aircraft : Related Development : Bell GAM - 63 See also :
Friedrich Rögelein Friedrich Rögelein ( 26 June 1910 – 25 March 1999 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Alexios Xiphias Alexios Xiphias ( , ) was a Byzantine " protospatharios " and catepan of Italy from 1006 to 1008 , following the long term of office of Gregory Tarchaneiotes . In March 1007 , he promulgated a diploma in favour of Alexander , abbot of S . Giovanni in Lamis .
Jobert of Syria Jobert of Syria ( also rendered Gilbert , Josberto , or Joubert ) ( died 1177 ) was the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1172 to his death , which is assumed from his disappearance from history to have occurred in 1177 . He succeeded Cast de Murols ( 1170 – 1172 ) , while Cast ' s predecessor , Gilbert d ' Aissailly , who was still living , had been deposed . The memory of Gilbert must have informed Jobert how not to waste the Order ' s funds , for he seems to have been a responsible steward of the order ' s assets . He set aside property for the production of white bread for the poor at the hospital in Jerusalem . In August 1174 , he refused to commit , along with the other Orders , to aiding the Sicilian navy in attacking Egypt with Miles de Plancy , the regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . In December , however , he joined the new regent , Raymond III of Tripoli , in a planned attack on Sultan Saladin . He and his forces were with the army which menaced Homs after Saladin had taken it . Battle was not engaged , and the Franks left in exchange for the release of hostages and remission of ransoms . In 1176 , Baldwin IV of Jerusalem confirmed a grant of lands in Egypt to the Order in exchange for assistance from Jobert in the planned campaign there . Though Jobert supported the Egyptian policy , he is last mentioned in January 1177 , and his successor , Roger de Moulins , did not agree with the plan and it was abandoned .
Defense Readiness Reporting System The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 ( NDAA 1999 ) added Section 117 to United States Code Title 10 , which directed the Secretary of Defense to establish a " comprehensive readiness reporting system " that would " measure in an objective , accurate , and timely manner " the capability of the U . S . military to carry out the National Security Strategy , Defense Planning Guidance , and the National Military Strategy . Additionally , the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 ( NDAA 2000 ) directed an independent study of the requirements for this comprehensive readiness reporting system , resulting in an Institute for Defense Analyses report titled " Independent Review of DOD ' s Readiness Reporting System " released in November 2000 . The overarching intent behind the Defense Readiness Reporting System ( DRRS ) is to help answer the question " ready for what ? " by providing both capability and resource data in an improved readiness reporting tool to broaden DoD - level readiness assessments . DRRS represents a shift in how the Defense Department : Thinks of readiness Measures force status Assesses risk Responds to deficiencies DRRS is mission focused … Detailed views of unit personnel and equipment DRRS enables and supports Global Force Management while maintaining an inventory of individuals who possess special skills .
Lester Archer Lester Archer ( 1838 - October 27 , 1864 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Archer enlisted in the Army from Fort Edward , New York in December 1861 , and was promoted to Sergeant in June 1864 . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on April 6 , 1865 for his actions at the Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Gallantry in placing the colors of his regiment on the fort .
Battle of Bunclody The battle of Bunclody or Newtownbarry as it was then called , was a battle in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 , which took place on 1 June 1798 when a force of some 5 , 000 rebels led by Catholic priest Fr . Mogue Kearns attacked the garrison at Bunclody as part of the Wexford rebels campaign against border garrisons . The garrison was forewarned of the approaching rebels and had prepared defensive outposts facing the rebel line of advance . The rebel army occupied high ground to the west and stationed an artillery piece , captured in their victory over the military at the battle of Three Rocks , facing the approaches to town . As the bulk of the rebel army formed for the attack , their gunners opened an accurate fire on the exposed lines of soldiers who retreated into the cover of the town . Seizing the moment , the rebels quickly moved in , forcing the garrison to flee across the bridge into county Carlow but crucially , failed to occupy this approach to the town . The rebels now had an almost bloodless victory and numbers of them began to celebrate , roaming the town in search of plunder and enemies . As rebel discipline began to waver , trapped units of yeomen , some of whom had barricaded themselves into their own houses , opened fire on the unsuspecting rebels milling in the streets outside . Meanwhile , the garrison had paused in their retreat and upon hearing the sound of gunfire from the town , turned about and launched a surprise attack back across the bridge , which caught the rebels , distracted by the unexpected pockets of resistance , completely by surprise . In the rout that followed 400 of the rebels were killed and their army scattered for the loss of no more than half a dozen of the military .
USS Shawmut ( 1863 ) USS " Shawmut " was a 593 - ton steamer acquired by the U . S . Navy and put to use by the Union during the American Civil War . " Shawmut " served the Union Navy primarily as a gunboat with howitzers for bombardment , and various other rifles and cannon for use at sea in apprehending blockade runners attempting to “ run ” the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America . Built in Maine in 1863 . " Shawmut " — a screw gunboat begun on 2 February 1863 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard ( Kittery , Maine ) - - was launched on 17 April 1863 ; sponsored by Miss Lucy Hall ; departed Portsmouth , New Hampshire , on 20 October 1863 ; was towed to New York City where her engine and machinery were installed by the South Brooklyn Works ; was delivered to the Union Navy on 16 October 1864 ; and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 1 November 1864 , Lt . Comdr . George U . Morris in command . Civil War service . Searching for CSS " Tallahassee " . Two days later , " Shawmut " got underway to search for Confederate Navy commerce raider , CSS " Tallahassee " ( renamed " Olustee " ) , which had recently preyed upon Northern shipping off the Delaware capes . After cruising in Nova Scotian waters without seeing or hearing of her quarry , " Shawmut " returned to the Portsmouth Navy Yard on the 20th . On 9 January 1865 , the gunboat was ordered to proceed to Wilmington , North Carolina , to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron . She participated in the attack on and capture of Fort Anderson , North Carolina , from 18 to 20 February . On the latter day , a boat from " Shawmut " was destroyed by a torpedo ( the Civil War term for a mine ) as it swept waters in the area . Supporting Grant on the York River . In March , as General Ulysses S . Grant ' s operations around Richmond , Virginia , approached their climax , " Shawmut " was called back to Hampton Roads , Virginia , and stationed in the York River " to keep open free navigation between White House and the mouth of the York River . " With the fall of Richmond and General Robert E . Lee ' s surrender , " Shawmut " was ordered north and decommissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 17 April 1865 . Post - Civil War service . Assigned to the Brazil station . Refitted for foreign service , the gunboat was recommissioned on 15 June 1865 and soon sailed for Bahia , Brazil . Following over a year ' s service on the Brazil Station protecting “ our flag from insult and the property of our citizens from unlawful seizure , ” " Shawmut " returned home and was decommissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 8 December 1866 . Recommissioned on 12 August 1867 , " Shawmut " served in the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron until she was laid up again at New York City on 7 July 1868 . Reactivated once more on 18 March 1871 , the ship resumed service in the North Atlantic and served along the Atlantic seaboard until finally laid up at the Norfolk Navy Yard on 22 January 1877 . Final decommissioning and sale . She was sold on 27 September to E . Stannard & Co . , Westbrook , Connecticut .
Joseph N . G . Whistler Joseph Nelson Garland Whistler ( October 19 , 1822 – April 20 , 1899 ) was an American Union brevet brigadier general during the period of the American Civil War . After graduating from West Point in the class of 1846 , he served in the Mexican – American War where he fought in numerous battles . He later was stationed in the area of New Mexico for about a decade where he fought in skirmishes against the Apache and Navajo . During the Civil War , he was severely wounded at the Siege of Petersburg He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to March 13 , 1865 . He was the grandson of John Whistler , an Irish - born soldier who served under General Burgoyne during the Revolutionary War and was captured at the Battle of Saratoga . His first cousin was the famous artist James Abbott McNeill Whistler .
62nd Cavalry Division ( United States ) The Army Reserve ' s 62nd Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units . It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions , which were not all active at its creation . Going into World War 2 , the US Army Cavalry was contained 3 Regular , 4 National Guard , and 6 Organized Reserve cavalry divisions as well as 1 independent cavalry brigade ( the 56th from Texas ) .
Fishhook ( Cambodia ) The " Fishhook " was the name given to a salient of Kampong Cham Province , southeast Cambodia that protrudes into Bình Long and Tây Ninh provinces , Vietnam , approximately 80 km northwest of Saigon . The area consisted of generally flat plains adjacent to Mimot northeast through roughly rolling plains ; and east to the roughly dissected hills and low mountains near O ' Rang . Multi - canopied , dense undergrowth forest was the dominant natural vegetation throughout the area . Rubber plantations were found primarily in the western section During the Vietnam War the Fishhook was a base and rest area for the North Vietnamese Army and the Vietcong and one of the terminus points of the Ho Chi Minh trail / Sihanouk Trail . The NVA established Base Areas 352 and 353 in the Fishhook and elements of the NVA 7th Division were also based there . US Intelligence agencies believed that the Central Office for South Vietnam or COSVN , the NVA ’ s political and military headquarters was also located within the Fishhook On 18 March 1969 , the Fishhook was the target of Operation Breakfast , a raid by 48 B - 52 Stratofortress bombers , in the first phase of the secret bombing of Cambodia . On 24 April 1969 , a further B - 52 raid took place on the suspected location of COSVN . A platoon from MACV - SOG was inserted to conduct a post - strike intelligence - gathering raid . The 24 - man MACV - SOG team came under fire as soon as it was inserted and 14 men were eventually evacuated some 8 hours later . Two Americans and 5 Montagnards were killed , while one American , MSGT Jerry " Mad Dog " Shriver was listed as MIA , later changed to presumed dead . On 1 May 1970 , the Fishhook was attacked as part of the Cambodian Incursion . The 3d ARVN Airborne Brigade air assaulted into the area north of the Fishhook to seal off escape routes and begin operations to the south . Simultaneously , Taskforce Shoemaker comprising the 3rd Brigade , 1st Cavalry Division on the west and the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment on the south and east attacked north across the Cambodian Border . The 1st Squadron , 9th Cavalry conducted screening operations in the task force area of operations while elements of the 9th ARVN Regiment and the 1st ARVN Armored Cavalry Regiment screened to the east in Binh Long Province adjacent to the Fishhook . All elements then conducted search and interdiction operations to locate and exploit NVA lines of communication and cache sites . The attack did not discover COSVN , but instead found “ The City ” , a vast logistics area covering 3 square km , comprising 182 storage bunkers containing 1282 individual weapons , 202 crew - served weapons , 30 tons of rice and large amounts of ammunition and explosives . Documents indicated that the City was the supply base for the NVA 7th Division .