naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Montmirail The Battle of Montmirail was a battle fought near Montmirail , France , during the Six Days Campaign of the Napoleonic Wars . It was fought on 11 February 1814 and resulted in the victory of the French under Emperor Napoleon I over the Russians under General Fabian Wilhelm von Osten - Sacken and the Prussians under General Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg . Osten - Sacken ' s and Yorck ' s corps each numbered about 18 , 000 , while Napoleon ’ s had 10 , 500 ( later brought up to 20 , 000 by arrival of reinforcements ) and 36 cannons . Striking rapidly from the south at Champaubert , Napoleon tore into the center of Blücher ’ s strung out column as it was pushing west to Paris in pursuit of French Marshal MacDonald . From the central position , the French then drove west with the only available troops , the Old Guard and a division of the " Marie Louise " ( young conscripts from the classes of 1814 and 1815 , called up in anticipation the previous year ) , in hopes of smashing Blucher ’ s leading elements ( Sacken and Yorck ) in isolation and with their backs to the French held bridges over the Marne . Sacken turned in response to the French maneuver , seeing so few French behind him , and sought to cut his way back to Blücher through Montmirail while Yorck advocated fleeing north through Chateau Thierry . Seeing that he could not dissuade the Russian from his aggression , Yorck marched to his aid . The Allies suffered 4 , 000 casualties , while the French suffered 2 , 000 casualties . Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein participated in the battle as a volunteer Jäger .
HMS Vanguard ( 1631 ) HMS " Vanguard " was a 40 - gun ship of the English Royal Navy , launched in 1631 at Woolwich , and was the second vessel to bear the name . Officially she was rebuilt from the first " Vanguard " , but likely only shared some of the timber and fittings from the previous ship . By 1660 , her armament had been increased to 56 guns . She took part in both the First and Second Dutch Wars . The ship served as the flagship for General at Sea George Monck at the Battle of Portland in 1653 , and of Vice - Admiral Joseph Jordan at the Battle of the Gabbard and the Battle of Scheveningen later the same year . She also took part in several actions of the Second Dutch War , including the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665 and the Four Days Battle and St James ' s Day Fight in 1666 . In 1667 " Vanguard " was scuttled to form a barrier in the River Medway to prevent the Dutch fleet from capturing or burning the British ships there . She was subsequently sold .
William F . Slemons William Ferguson Slemons ( March 15 , 1830 – December 10 , 1918 ) was a U . S . Representative from Arkansas . Biography . Born in Dresden , Tennessee , Slemons attended Bethel College . He moved to Arkansas in 1852 . He studied law . He was admitted to the bar in 1855 and practiced in Monticello , Drew County . He served as member of the Arkansas State convention in 1861 . He entered the Confederate States Army in July 1861 and served as colonel in Price ' s Cavalry throughout the Civil War . He resumed the practice of law . He served as district attorney 1866 - 1868 . Slemons was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - fourth , Forty - fifth , and Forty - sixth Congresses ( March 4 , 1875 – March 3 , 1881 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1880 . He resumed the practice of his profession in Monticello , Arkansas . County and probate judge of Drew County 1903 - 1907 . He was in the Justice of the Peace 1908 - 1918 . He died in Monticello , Arkansas , December 10 , 1918 . He was interred in Union Ridge Cemetery , near Monticello , Arkansas .
HMVS Countess of Hopetoun HMVS " Countess of Hopetoun " was a torpedo gunboat of the Victorian Naval Forces , Commonwealth Naval Forces and the Royal Australian Navy . She was named after Hersey , Countess of Hopetoun and later Marchioness of Linlithgow , the wife of the 7th Earl of Hopetoun , the then Governor of Victoria and later the first Governor - General of Australia . Operational history . Built by Yarrow and Co . on the River Thames , " Countess of Hopetoun " was the last vessel constructed for the Victorian Naval Forces . She arrived at Williamstown , Victoria via the Cape of Good Hope after 154 days under way . The vessel joined the Commonwealth Naval Forces with federation in 1901 and the Royal Australian Navy when it was formed in 1911 . During World War I she served in Victorian waters and as a tender to HMAS " Cerberus " . She attended the arrival of His Royal Highness Edward , The Prince of Wales in Port Phillip on 28 May 1920 . The prince arrived abord the battlecruiser and was received by no less than 31 warships . Fate . " Countess of Hopetoun " was sold to Edward Hill of North Melbourne in April 1924 and scrapped the following year . Her hull was later sunk near Swan Island in Port Phillip .
Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny ( ; , Nizhny Novgorod - 22 February 1945 , Moscow ) was a commander in the Russian Imperial Army who later joined the Red Army . He rose to lieutenant general and fought in the First World War and Russian Civil War , commanding the Red Army ' s northern front in the latter .
Martel ( missile ) The Martel is an Anglo - French anti - radiation missile ( ARM ) . The name Martel is a contraction of " Missile , Anti - Radiation , Television " , referring to the guidance options . There are two variants , the passive radar guided ( AS 37 ) and the video guided ( AJ 168 ) . The aircraft that used these missiles were the Blackburn Buccaneer ( up to three TV or four ARM variant ) , the SEPECAT Jaguar ( two ) and the Mirage III / F1 ( one or two ) . The Martel was suited to anti - ship attack with its long range and heavy warhead . There was not , at the time , a small radar homing missile like the AGM - 84 Harpoon with an active radar , so the only viable solution was a TV or ARM sensor . With a relatively long range , a heavy payload , and a subsonic speed , this missile compares more to an anti - ship weapon like the Exocet or the AS . 34 Kormoran than an anti - radar missile . It weighs three times as much as the AGM - 45 Shrike , with half the speed but much greater range and explosive power . It was possible to adapt the Martel ARM to be used against different wavelength radars . It was an improvement compared to the early Standard ARM missiles , that had only one narrow - band homing sensor . But the ARM sensor was only selectable on the ground , not in flight and so before taking - off it was necessary to know what kind of radar should be attacked . The UK has used both types , the French only the radar - equipped variant . The Martel fuselage forms the basis for the Sea Eagle anti - ship missile with a turbojet to improve range , while the French used it to develop ARMAT , an advanced ARM missile in the ' 80s . For ARM functions , the RAF adopted a totally new missile , much smaller , the ALARM . Operational history . The Martel was used by France against Libya during the Epervier military operation , supporting Chad . On January 7 , 1987 four French Jaguars took off carrying one Martel each . Three did not launch their missiles , for they were programmed to aim at specific radar wavelengths , but the last one hit an SA - 6 radar , destroying it completely . On March 7 , following an air raid by Libyan MiG - 21s and MiG - 23s , another strike was mounted by ten Martel - equipped Jaguars from EC 4 / 11 ( or more likely EC 3 / 3 " Ardennes " as that unit was the Martel specialist ) against the radar installations at Ouadi Doum air base .
SEA IV The SEA IV was a French two - seat military aircraft of World War I and the immediate post - war era . Development . The SEA IV was designed and built in 1917 by Henry Potez , Louis Coroller , and Marcel Bloch . It was a derivative of their previous SEA II design , equipped with a more powerful Lorraine engine of 261 kW ( 350 hp ) . It made its first flight during the first quarter of 1918 , probably near Plessis - Belleville . It was initially tested by Gustave Douchy , a flying ace of 9 victories , then by the pilots of the Centre d ' essais en Vol at Villacoublay . The " Ministère de l ' Armement et des Fabrications de guerre " ( Ministry of Armament and War Production ) soon placed an order for 1 , 000 machines , making the SEA IV the first Dassault - designed aircraft to reach production . Operational history . On August 24 , 1918 , General Duval , commander of Aéronavale at General Headquarters foresaw the need for two variants to equip the escadrilles at the beginning of 1919 : the SEA IV A2 for observation and the SEA IV C2 for fighting . In October , General Headquarters ordered the commissioning of a flotilla to operate these aircraft , and therefore required production to reach 200 planes per month during the first quarter of 1919 , to have a force of 400 on hand by April 1 The Armistice , however , meant that the initial order of 1 , 000 was cancelled , and in the end , only 115 examples were built . These C2s were used for a number of years by several escadrilles in the " Regiments d ' Aviation " at Le Bourget . A further 25 were built by Aéroplanes Henry Potez as the Potez VII , a luxury touring aircraft , and one further example formed the basis of a racing aircraft .
Gremi Gremi ( ) is a 16th - century architectural monument – the royal citadel and the Church of the Archangels – in Kakheti , Georgia . The complex is what has survived from the once flourishing town of Gremi and is located east of the present - day village of the same name in the Kvareli district , 175 kilometers east of Tbilisi , capital of Georgia . History . Gremi was the capital of the Kingdom of Kakheti in the 16th and 17th centuries . Founded by Levan of Kakheti , it functioned as a lively trading town on the Silk Road and royal residence until being razed to the ground by the armies of Shah Abbas I of Persia in 1615 . The town never regained its past prosperity and the kings of Kakheti transferred their capital to Telavi in the mid - 17th century . The town appears to have occupied the area of approximately 40 hectares and to have been composed of three principal parts – the Archangels ’ Church complex , the royal residence and the commercial neighborhood . Systematic archaeological studies of the area guided by A . Mamulashvili and P . Zak ’ araia were carried out in 1939 - 1949 and 1963 - 1967 , respectively . Since 2007 , the monuments of Gremi have been proposed for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Architecture . The Archangels ’ Church complex is located on a hill and composed of the Church of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel itself , a three - story castle , a bell tower and a wine cellar ( " marani " ) . It is encircled by a wall secured by embrasure s , turret s and towers . Remains of the secret tunnel leading to the Ints ’ obi River have also survived . The Church of the Archangels was constructed at the behest of King Levan of Kakheti ( r . 1520 – 1574 ) in 1565 and frescoed by 1577 . It is a cruciform domed church built chiefly of stone . Its design marries traditional Georgian masonry with a local interpretation of the contemporary Iranian architectural taste . The building has three entrances , one facing west , one facing to the south , and the third facing to the north . The interior is crowned with a dome supported by the corners of the sanctuary and two basic piers . The façade is divided into three arched sections . The dome sits on an arcaded drum which is punctured by eight windows . The bell - tower also houses a museum where several archaeological artifacts and the 16th - century cannon are displayed . The walls are adorned with a series of portraits of the kings of Kakheti by the modern Georgian painter Levan Chogoshvili ( 1985 ) .
William Pike ( British Army officer ) Lieutenant General Sir William Gregory Huddleston Pike KCB CBE DSO ( 24 June 1905 – 10 March 1993 ) was a British Army officer who became Vice Chief of the Imperial General Staff . Military career . Pike was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1925 . He served with the Indian Army until 1936 and fought in World War II taking part in the Dunkirk evacuation and commanding the 77th ( Highland ) Field Regiment , Royal Artillery during the landings in Morocco and Algeria in March 1943 . He later served in the Korean War as Divisional Commander , Royal Artillery for 1st Commonwealth Division . He was appointed Director of Staff Duties at the War Office in 1954 - a post he held during the Suez Crisis , Chief of Staff for Far East Land Forces in 1957 and Vice Chief of the Imperial General Staff in 1960 before retiring in 1963 . He was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery from 1962 to 1970 . Family . He married Josie Tompson ; their son is Lieutenant General Sir Hew Pike . His brother was Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Thomas Pike .
Japanese minelayer Yaeyama Building . The Imperial Japanese Navy budget for Fiscal 1927 include a small minelayer for coastal and river service to complement its larger minelayers , the former cruiser s , and . " Yaeyama " was launched by the Kure Naval Arsenal in Hiroshima Prefecture , Japan on October 15 , 1931 , and was commissioned into service on August 31 , 1932 . Operational history . On completion , " Yaeyama " was assigned to the Sasebo Naval District . In August 1937 , following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the start of the Second Sino - Japanese War , " Yaeyama " was assigned as flagship for Admiral Umataro Tanimoto ’ s 11th Gunboat Division , at Shanghai and was responsible for patrols on the Yangzi River . " Yaeyama " covered the landing of Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces ( SNLF ) reinforcements in the Battle of Shanghai , and participated in the evacuation of 20 , 000 Japanese civilians and non - combatants from the city back to Japan . She was then placed on the reserve list on December 1 , 1937 . " Yaeyama " was reactivated on May 25 , 1938 and assisted in covering the landings of more Japanese troops in Tianjin and along the Yangzi River in July . She was then assigned to Amoy from September 26 , 1939 until her transfer to Palau on December 1 , 1941 . At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 , " Yaeyama " was assigned to “ Operation M ” ( the invasion of the southern Philippines ) deploying from Palau to mine the Surigao Strait . On January 3 , 1942 , she became flagship for Admiral Rokuzo Sugiyama ’ s Third Southern Expeditionary Fleet and covered landings at Subic Bay , and was based at Manila from July 1942 under the overall command of the Southwest Area Fleet . " Yaeyama " was refit as an anti - submarine convoy escort ship in December 1943 , with all minelaying rails removed and replaced by 36 depth charge s , and was reassigned to the First Southern Expeditionary Fleet . She escorted a convoy of transports from Manila to Singapore in January 1944 , and a convoy from Manila to Halmahera Island in May 1944 . On the early morning of September 24 , 1944 " Yaeyama " was sunk by air attack by 96 Grumman F6F Hellcat and 24 Curtiss SB2C Helldiver aircraft from the carriers and and the light carrier while anchored in Coron Bay , Busuanga Island , off Palawan Island in the Philippines . . Most of the crew survived , including her commanding officer , Captain Michizo Tsutsumi . " Yaeyama " was removed from the navy list on November 10 , 1944 .
3rd Cavalry The 3rd Cavalry was a regular cavalry Regiment in the British Indian Army formed from the 5th and 8th Cavalry regiments in 1922 . It served on the North West Frontier and during World War I and World War II . Early history . The 3rd Cavalry was formed from two older Regiments the 7th Irregular Cavalry which was raised in 1841 at Bareilly and the 17th Cavalry which was raised at Sultanpur in 1846 . Often re - designated , by the turn of the century they were called 5th Cavalry and 8th Lancers . The two regiments serving in India and abroad , saw action in Afghanistan , Bhutan , Mesopotamia and Palestine earning Battle Honours Afghanistan 1879 - 80 and Mesopotamia 1916 - 18 . they were amalgamated in 1922 , to form the 5th / 8th Cavalry , re - designated in 1923 as 3rd Cavalry , which was amongst the first Regiments to be Indianised . 5th Cavalry . Raised at Bareilly in 1841 as a result of the First Afghan War the regiment also served in the Second Afghan War between 1878 - 1880 . Like all the regiments of the Indian Army , the 5th Cavalry underwent many name changes in the various reorganisations . They are listed below : World War I . At the start of World War I the 5th Cavalry was part of the 4th ( Rawalpindi ) Infantry Brigade in October 1916 they transferred to the 1st ( Peshawar ) Division for service on the North West Frontier until October 1917 when they left to take part in the Mesopotamian campaign . 8th Lancers . The 8th Lancers were the last regiment to be raised before the Indian Mutiny . They served in Peshawar in 1857 and in the Second Afghan War . They were issued with lances in 1899 to become the 8th Bengal Lancers , this title was later changed to the 8th Lancers . Like all the regiments of the Indian Army , the 8th Lancers underwent many name changes in the various reorganisations . They are listed below . World War I . During World War I the 8th Lancers were part of the Jhansi Brigade , at Mhow under the command of Major General Townshend the brigade consisted of the : World War II . In 1941 , whilst still in the process of being equipped with armoured cars , 3rd Cavalry now part of the 11th Indian Infantry Division , was deployed to Malaya to counter the Japanese advance . They were involved in the battles at Taiping , Perak , Sungei Pattani , Penang Island , Perak River and the Battle of Slim River where two Indian Brigades were annihilated by the Japanese . The Regiment was then captured by the Japanese after the fall of Singapore and went into captivity until the end of the war . For the Regiments service in Malaya it was awarded the Battle Honours " North Malaya " and " Central Malaya " and Theatre Honour " Malaya 1941 - 42 " .
General of the Cavalry ( Germany ) General of the Cavalry ( ) was a General officer rank in the Imperial Army , the interwar Reichswehr , and the Wehrmacht . It was the second - highest General officer rank below Generaloberst . Artillery officers of equivalent rank were called " General der Artillerie " , and infantry officers of equivalent rank " General der Infanterie " . The Wehrmacht also created " General der Panzertruppe n " ( tank troops ) , " General der Gebirgstruppe n " ( mountain troops ) , " General der Pioniere " ( engineers ) , " General der Flieger " ( aviators ) , " General der Fallschirmtruppe n " ( parachute troops ) , and " General der Nachrichtentruppe n " ( communications troops )
Soroca Fort Soroca Fortress ( ) is a historic fort in the Republic of Moldova , in the modern - day city of Soroca . History . The city has its origin in the medieval Genoese trade post of Olchionia , or Alchona . It is known for its well - preserved stronghold , established by the Moldavia n Prince Stephen the Great ( ) in 1499 . The original wooden fort , which defended a ford over the Dniester ( Moldovan / Romanian : " Nistru " ) , was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts ( e . g . Akkerman and Khotin ) on the Dniester , two forts on the Danube and three forts on the north border of medieval Moldova . Between 1543 and 1546 under the rule of Petru Rareş , the fortress was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances . During the Great Turkish War , John Sobieski ' s forces successfully defended the fortress against the Ottomans . It was of vital military importance during the Pruth Campaign of Peter the Great in 1711 . The stronghold was sacked by the Russians in the Russo - Turkish War ( 1735 – 1739 ) . The Soroca fortress is an important attraction in Soroca , having preserved cultures and kept the old Soroca in the present day .
Siesikai Castle Siesikai Castle is the residential castle near Siesikai , Ukmergė district , Lithuania . The castle on the Siesikai Lake was built by Gabrielius Daumantas - Siesickis in the 16th century in the Renaissance style . His heirs were known as Daumantai , also called Siesicki , had given their family name to the nearby town . The masonry palace was reconstructed in the Neoclassical style after 1820 by Dominik Dowgiałło . Only 2 towers remain from the former castle , which had four of them in every corner of the palace . The castle has been undergoing restoration since 1990 .
USS Roamer ( SP - 1047 ) The first USS " Roamer " ( SP - 1047 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Roamer " was built as a civilian steam launch of the same name in 1902 by Herreshoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol , Rhode Island . On 29 June 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from the State of Florida at Tallahassee , Florida , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned on 20 July 1917 as USS " Roamer " ( SP - 1047 ) with Ensign T . R . Hodges , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 8th Naval District , " Roamer " carried out patrol duties for the rest of World War I . " Roamer " was decommissioned on 28 January 1919 . She was stricken from the Navy List on 17 June 1919 and sold to Frank A . Egan of New Rochelle , New York , on 19 July 1919 .
Allen Bathurst , Lord Apsley Allen Algernon Bathurst , Lord Apsley , DSO , MC , TD , DL ( 3 August 1895 – 17 December 1942 ) was a British Conservative Party politician . Family . Apsley was the eldest son of Seymour Bathurst , 7th Earl Bathurst and his wife Lilias Margaret Frances " née " Borthwick , daughter of Algernon Borthwick , 1st Baron Glenesk . Career . He was educated at Eton and Christ Church , Oxford . During World War I , he served overseas with the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars . He was promoted to temporary lieutenant in April 1916 , acting captain in June 1917 , receiving a substantive promotion to lieutenant from the same date , and to substantive captain in 1918 . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) for his actions in Egypt : He was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Southampton in 1922 and for Bristol Central in 1931 , seats he held until 1929 and 1942 respectively . In 1923 he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for the " County of Gloucester , and of the City and County of the City of Gloucester , and the City and County of the City of Bristol . " During this time , he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to : the Under - Secretary of State for the Overseas Trade Department 1922 - 24 , the Minister of Transport 1925 - 29 and the Minister for Co - ordination Defence 1936 . He had also been President of the UK Pilot ' s Association in 1925 and sometime chairman of Western Airways , Western Air Transport Company and a director of Morning Post . He remained a member of the Territorial Army between the wars , and was awarded the Territorial Decoration ( TD ) in 1929 , promoted to brevet major in 1930 , and promoted to substantive major in 1938 . During World War II , he served overseas again and died on active service , commanding the Arab Legion in Malta , in 1942 . Marriage . On 27 February 1924 , Lord Apsley had married Viola Meeking ( who succeeded him as MP for Bristol Central ) and they had two sons : Henry Allen John ( 1927 – 2011 ) and George Bertram ( 1929 – 2010 ) . As Lord Apsley predeceased his father , the latter ' s earldom later passed to Lord Apsley ' s eldest son , Henry .
Chainlock A chainlock , also known as a smiley is an improvised weapon which consists of a length of chain or strong cloth attached to a large lock or other piece of metal . The chainlock is mainly used in areas where other hand held weapons are not readily available , such as knives . The chainlock is used by swinging the heavy end of the chain at the target . The chainlock is not usually considered to be a lethal weapon , but can cause a lot of damage when used correctly . It is normally used in gang warfare .