naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
François Werlé François Jean Werlé ( 6 September 1763 – 16 May 1811 ) was a " Général de Brigade " of the First French Empire who saw action during the Napoleonic Wars and died fighting against the British during the Peninsular War . Early career . Werlé received the rank of " Chef de Brigade " on 25 March 1799 and promoted to " Général de Brigade " on 29 August 1803 . He commanded a brigade in Jean - Baptiste Drouet , Comte d ' Erlon ' s division of Marshal Jean - Baptiste Bernadotte ' s I Corps at the Battle of Austerlitz . Still serving as an I Corps brigadier , he played a role in the Battle of Schleiz on 9 October 1806 , clearing a forest of Prussian outposts . He participated in the pursuit of the Prussian Army after Emperor Napoleon ' s army defeated it at the Battle of Jena - Auerstedt . He participated in the defeat of the Eugene Frederick Henry , Duke of Württemberg ' s corps at the Battle of Halle on 17 October . Later , he was in on the defeat and capture of Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher ' s column in the Battle of Lübeck on 6 November . Peninsula . In November 1809 , Werlé led a Polish division in IV Corps at the decisive French victory at the Battle of Ocana . His 5 , 600 - man brigade ( actually the size of a division ) formed the French reserve at the Battle of Albuera . He was killed in that battle when Marshal Soult sent the reserve into the battle . After a bitter firefight with Lowry Cole ' s British division , Werlé ' s French soldiers were defeated . Aside from his military rank , Werlé became a Commander of the Légion d ' Honneur on 14 June 1804 , and was made a Baron of the Empire on 27 November 1808 .
Fritz Holzhäuer Friedrich - Wilhelm " Fritz " Holzhäuer ( 8 July 1902 – 14 December 1982 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich - Wilhelm Holzhäuer was captured by British forces in May 1945 and was held until 1947 .
Scott R . Van Buskirk Vice Admiral Scott Ray Van Buskirk , USN is 56th Chief of Naval Personnel . He served as the CNP from October 2011 to August 2013 . He was succeeded by Vice Admiral William F . Moran and retired after 34 years of service . Biography . A native of Petaluma , California , Van Buskirk graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1979 . He assumed duties as the Navy ’ s 56th Chief of Naval Personnel on Oct . 11 , 2011 . His responsibilities include overseeing the United States Navy Recruiting Command , Navy Personnel Command , and Naval Education and Training Command . Van Buskirk received a master ’ s degree from the Naval Postgraduate School and served tours in the Navy Office of Legislative Affairs ; Submarine Force U . S . Pacific Fleet ; Bureau of Naval Personnel ; and , Submarine Force U . S . Atlantic Fleet . At sea , he served on board USS Seawolf ( SSN - 575 ) , USS Salt Lake City ( SSN 716 ) , USS Tunny ( SSN 682 ) , and USS Georgia ( SSBN 729 ) Gold Crew , and commanded the USS Pasadena ( SSN 752 ) and Submarine Development Squadron 12 . As a flag officer , he has served as commander , Task Force Total Force ; deputy to the Deputy Chief of Staff , Strategic Effects ( MNF - Iraq ) ; commander , Carrier Strike Group Nine ; assistant deputy , Chief of Naval Operations for Operations , Plans and Strategy ( N3 / N5B ) ; deputy commander and chief of staff , U . S . Pacific Fleet . Van Buskirk served as the 47th commander of the United States Seventh Fleet , forward deployed in Yokosuka , Japan , in 2010 and 2011 . He commanded U . S . naval forces during Operation Tomodachi , providing assistance to Japan following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . Van Buskirk is entitled to wear the Navy Distinguished Service Medal , Defense Superior Service Medal , Legion of Merit ( seven awards ) , and other various personal , unit and service awards . Awards and Decorations . Non - U . S . decorations . Order of the Rising Sun ( Japan , 2nd class , Kyokujitsu - Jukousho ( 旭日重光章 ) )
VIII Corps ( United Kingdom ) VIII Corps was a British Army corps formation that existed during the First and Second World Wars . In the latter , it took part in the Normandy Campaign in 1944 , where it was involved in Operation Epsom and Operation Goodwood . It would later play a supporting role in Operation Market Garden and finish the war by advancing from the Rhine to the Baltic Sea . Prior to World War I . In 1876 , a Mobilisation Scheme was published for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland , which included eight army corps of the ' Active Army ' . The ' 8th Corps ' was to be headquartered at Edinburgh and was primarily militia formation . In 1880 , its order of battle was as follows : This scheme had been dropped by 1881 . First World War . Gallipoli . VIII Corps was first formed at Gallipoli during the First World War . The main British battle front was at Cape Helles on the tip of the Gallipoli peninsula . As the battle became protracted , more British divisions arrived as reinforcements . In May 1915 , these divisions were arranged as the " British Army Corps " , which was then redesignated as VIII Corps in June . The corps commander was Lieutenant - General Aylmer Hunter - Weston . When Hunter - Weston relinquished command due to illness , the corps was commanded on a temporary basis by General Francis Davies . During the Gallipoli campaign , the corps contained the following units : Western Front . After the evacuation of Gallipoli , the corps was reformed in France in March 1916 , once again under the command of Hunter - Weston , and participated in the Battle of the Somme . VIII Corps was disbanded in June 1918 when Hunter - Weston moved to the XVIII Corps ; however , this corps was then redesignated as VIII Corps in July 1918 . Second World War . Home Defence . VIII Corps formed part of Home Forces in the UK during the early part of World War II . Order of Battle Autumn 1940 North West Europe . VIII Corps fought on the western front in 1944 and 1945 as part of the Second Army . From January 21 to November 27 , 1944 , it was commanded by Lieutenant - General Richard O ' Connor . At the start of the Normandy Campaign , it comprised : It played a major role in Operations Epsom , Jupiter , Goodwood and Bluecoat , before being reduced in size and moved to the reserve prior to the breakout from Normandy . The Corps fought in a supporting role during Operation Market Garden , capturing the Dutch towns of Deurne and Helmond , and took part in the advance on Venray and Venlo ( Operation Constellation ) beginning on 12 October 1944 . VIII Corps later took part in Operation Plunder , crossed the Elbe and occupied Plön in Schleswig - Holstein . Post - war . In the immediate post - war period , the corps formed VIII Corps District in Schleswig - Holstein before being disbanded in 1946 . Its final composition was : General Officers Commanding . Commanders included :
22nd Division ( South Vietnam ) The Division was comprised on the following : Division HQ 40th Regiment 42nd Regiment 47th Regiment 1 Battalion of 155mm artillery 3 Battalions of 105mm artillery 1 Battalion of Sapper / Engineers North Vietnamese armoured units equipped with the T - 54 tank achieved one of their greatest victories in April 1972 , when the PAVN 203rd Armored Regiment attacked the ARVN 22nd Infantry Division at Tan Canh , which dominated a main route into the city of Kontum . After a two - day artillery barrage , eighteen T - 54 tanks from the 203rd regiment attacked the 22nd Division at dawn from two directions , breaking the ARVN unit , which quickly abandoned its positions .
Horatio Nelson Young Horatio Nelson Young ( July 19 , 1845 – July 3 , 1913 ) was a United States Navy sailor who received the Medal of Honor for his actions on the USS " Lehigh " during the American Civil War . Biography . Young was born in Calais , Maine , a small United States - British North America border town . As a young man he lived in a place where crossing the bridge over the St . Croix River to St . Stephen , New Brunswick for employment , shopping , hospitalization , or just visiting friends , was an almost daily part of life . Following the outbreak of the American Civil War , Young traveled to Boston , Massachusetts where he joined the United States Navy . On November 16 , 1863 , the 18 - year - old was serving aboard the when the ship ran aground in Charleston Harbor . In rough waters and under heavy enemy fire , Young and two other sailors , Landsman Frank S . Gile and Landsman William Williams , succeeded in passing in a small boat from their ship to the with a line wrapped on a hawser that would enable the " Lehigh " to be freed from her position . For this action , Young , Gile , and Williams each received the Medal of Honor , the United States ' highest military decoration . Young died in 1913 and was interred in the St . Stephen Rural Cemetery , in St . Stephen , New Brunswick , Canada , surrounded by other Canadian and American war dead . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : July 19 , 1845 , Calais , Maine . G . O . No . : 32 , April 16 , 1864 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Lehigh , Charleston Harbor , 16 November 1863 , during the hazardous task of freeing the Lehigh , which had grounded , and was under heavy enemy fire from Fort Moultrie . After several previous attempts had been made , Young succeeded in passing in a small boat from the Lehigh to the Nahant with a line bent on a hawser . This courageous action while under severe enemy fire enabled the Lehigh to be freed from her helpless position .
Yakovlev Yak - 10 The Yakovlev Yak - 10 was a Soviet light liaison aircraft designed and built by the Yakovlev design bureau in the 1940s . Design and development . In the late 1940s the Soviet forces had a need for a light liaison aircraft that was smaller than the Antonov An - 2 . The company derived two four - seat aircraft with wooden wings and metal fuselages , from the earlier AIR - 6 . The Yak - 10 , a high - wing strut - braced monoplane with fixed landing gear and the Yak - 13 a low - wing cantilever monoplane with a manually retractable landing gear . Both aircraft were powered by a 145 hp M - 11MF radial engine . After tests in 1945 , despite unimpressive performance , the Yak - 10 was awarded a production contract for 40 aircraft . The company built a number of different variants but soon produced an improved design , the Yak - 12 , which although of similar layout , was not a derivative of the Yak - 10 . The Yak - 10 only entered limited production before it was replaced by the superior Yakovlev Yak - 12 , and although the Yak - 13 proved to be superior to the original Yak - 10 , production was not carried out .
Reffye 85 mm cannon The Reffye 85 mm cannon ( French : " Canon de campagne de 7 de Reffye modèle 1870 " ) was a French artillery piece of the 19th century , developed by the French artillery General Jean - Baptiste Verchère de Reffye , superintendent of the works at Meudon . The weapon was adopted by the French Army from 1870 . It was an 85 mm ( 3 . 35 - inch ) rifled breech - loading cannon , equipped with a breech screw , initially made of bronze . The sliding breech block , and the interrupted screw used for sealing were advanced features , but the perfect sealing of the breech would only be achieved two years later with the invention of the de Bange obturator . The cannon used shell cartridges for ammunition . It would be soon superseded by the Lahitolle 95 mm cannon ( 1875 ) and especially the De Bange 90 mm cannon ( 1877 ) . De Reffye also developed the Reffye 75 mm cannon in 1873 . De Reffye also developed in 1866 a mitrailleuse ( named " Canon à balles " ) , one of the best early machine guns , which was used during the Franco - Prussian War of 1870 .
Edward Brooks ( VC ) Edward Brooks VC ( 11 April 1883 – 26 June 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Edward Brooks was born in Oakley , Buckinghamshire , on 11 April 1883 and baptised in Oakley Church on 20 January 1884 . He was one of twelve children of Thomas ( born in Oakley in 1855 ) and Selina Brooks ( born in Halesowen , Worcestershire in 1857 ) . He was 34 years old , and a Company Sergeant Major in the 2 / 4th Battalion , Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 28 April 1917 at Fayet , near Saint - Quentin , France , Company Sergeant - Major Brooks , while taking part in a raid on the enemy ' s trenches , saw that the front wave was being checked by an enemy machine gun . On his own initiative he rushed forward from the second wave , killed one of the gunners with his revolver and bayonet ed another . The remainder of the gun crew then made off , leaving the gun , whereupon the company sergeant - major turned it on the retreating enemy , after which he carried it back to Allied lines . His courageous action undoubtedly prevented many casualties and greatly added to the success of the operation . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum , Winchester .
1st Indian Cavalry Division The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division . History . The division sailed for France from Bombay on October 16 , 1914 , under the command of Major General H D Fanshawe . The division was re - designated the 4th Cavalry Division in November 1916 . During the war the Division served in the trenches as infantry . Due to the difference in troop levels between infantry and cavalry regiments , each cavalry brigade formed one dismounted cavalry regiment . The high number of officer casualties suffered early on had an effect on its later performance . British officers that understood the language , customs , and psychology of their men could not be quickly replaced , and the alien environment of the Western Front had some effect on the soldiers . The division served in France and Flanders , held in reserve for the expected breakthrough . It provided dismounted parties for trench duties , but its only battle was the Battle of Cambrai , during the German counterattacks of 30 November - 3 December . In March 1918 it was broken up and the Indian regiments combined in Egypt with the Yeomanry Mounted Division to form the 1st Mounted Division ( later 4th Cavalry Division ) . Order of battle November 1914 . 2nd ( Sialkot ) Cavalry Brigade 3rd ( Ambala ) Cavalry Brigade " to 15 September 1915 , then to 2nd Indian Cavalry Division " 8th ( Lucknow ) Cavalry Brigade 5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade " from 2nd Indian Cavalry Division on 15 September 1915 " I Indian Brigade , Royal Horse Artillery
Turkish Army order of battle in 1941 This is the order of battle of the Turkish Army in June 1941 . The formation named " 941 - A Seferî Kuruluş " was as follows : First Army ( Istanbul , Commander : Fahrettin Altay ) Second Army ( Balıkesir , Commander : Abdurrahman Nafiz Gürman ) Third Army ( Erzincan , Commander : Kâzım Orbay ) Under the direct control of the General Staff ( Ankara , Fevzi Çakmak )
Albano Harguindeguy Albano Eduardo Harguindeguy ( 11 February 1927 – 29 October 2012 ) was a general of the Argentine Army , and the interior minister of Argentina under dictator Jorge Rafael Videla , during the National Reorganization Process ( 1976 – 1983 ) . Harguindeguy , allegedly involved in human rights abuses , benefitted from the pardon of President Carlos Menem in 1989 , along with other members of the dictatorship . In 2004 he refused to testify before a judge investigating illegal detentions and killings under Operation Condor , and he was put under house arrest . In 2006 , another judge struck down Harguindeguy ' s pardon ( along with Videla and that of fellow minister José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz ) as unconstitutional . He died on 29 October 2012 at age 85 , while under house arrest . References .
Two - finger salute The two - finger salute is a salute given using only the middle and index fingers , while bending the other fingers at the second knuckle , and with the palm facing the signer . This salute is used by Polish military and uniformed services and by Cub Scout s . Two - finger salute in Poland . The salute is only used while wearing a headdress with the emblem of the Polish eagle ( such as military hat rogatywka ) , or without this emblem ( such as Boonie hat or helmet ) . The salute is performed with the middle and index fingers extended and touching each other , while the ring and little fingers are bent and touched by the thumb . The tips of the middle and index fingers touch the peak of the cap , two fingers meaning " honour " and " fatherland " ( " Honor i Ojczyzna " ) . It is not clear when the two - fingers salute appeared in Polish military forces . Some see its origin in Tadeusz Kościuszko ' s 1794 . Others state that it came from the Russian army around 1815 . At that time , apparently the Tsar ' s Viceroy in Poland Grand Duke Constantine said that Poles salute him with two fingers , while using the other two to hold a stone to throw at him . Another legend attributes the salute to the remembrance of Battle of Olszynka Grochowska in 1831 , when a soldier who lost two fingers in the battle saluted his superior with a wounded hand . The two - fingers salute caused problems for Polish units serving with the Allies on the western front during World War II . Allied officers , seeing what they perceived as a Cub Scout ' s salute , thought that Polish soldiers either were deliberately being disrespectful , or were intoxicated . As a result many soldiers were arrested , until the misunderstanding could be explained . This led to the temporary use of the full hand salute when saluting foreign officers . The salute has undergone the same evolution as the full - hand salute . It used to be rendered with the palm of the hand perpendicular to the ground and is rendered with the palm of the hand parallel to the ground , since before the World War II . The modern version of this salute can be seen in this movie . Cub Scouting . Many Cub Scout sections also use a two - finger salute .
Coats of arms of U . S . Cavalry Regiments Coats of arms of US Cavalry regiments are heraldic emblems associated with cavalry regiments in the US Army . Under Army Regulation 840 - 10 , each regiment and separate table of organization and equipment ( TOE ) battalion of the US Army is authorized a coat of arms to be displayed on the organization ' s flag , called the " colors . " This coat of arms usually forms the basis for the unit ' s distinctive unit insignia ( DUI ) , the emblem worn by all members of the unit on their service uniforms . Below are galleries of the coats of arms of US Army cavalry regiments . The official mottoes ( as awarded by The Institute of Heraldry of the U . S . Army ) and / or special designations ( as awarded by the United States Army Center of Military History ) of the units are also noted .
Norwegian Defence Estates Agency The Norwegian Defence Estates Agency ( ) is a Norwegian government agency responsible for the real estate belonging to the Military of Norway . It is not part of the military operations , but is instead directly subordinate the Norwegian Ministry of Defence , and established on January 1 , 2002 . The agency has Havnelageret in Oslo as its headquarters . The agency both builds , operates and sells military real estate . In total it had six million square meters of real estate , fifteen million square meters of roads and open areas , in addition to 1 , 250 square kilometers of land . It employed 1 , 300 people in 2006 . The division Skifte Eiendom is responsible to sell former military estates to prive , while National Fortifications Heritage owns and manages former military installations that are part of the cultural heritage .
Second Servile War The Second Servile War was an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic on the island of Sicily . The war lasted from 104 BC until 100 BC . The Consul Gaius Marius was recruiting for his eventually successful war against the Cimbri in Cisalpine Gaul . He requested support from King Nicomedes III of Bithynia near Roman Asia Province . Additional troops from Rome ' s Italian Allies were not supplied due to the claim that contracted Roman tax collectors had enslaved Italians unable to pay their debts . Marius decreed that any allied / friendly Italian should be released if they were in Roman slavery . Around 800 Italian slaves were released from Sicily , frustrating many non - Italians who thought they would be released as well , and many of these abandoned their masters incorrectly believing to have been freed . A rebellion broke out when they were ordered back to servitude by the Governor . A slave by the name of Salvius was following in the footsteps of Eunus , fighting for his rights and elected leader of this rebellion . He assumed the name Tryphon , from Diodotus Tryphon , a Seleucid ruler . He amassed an army containing thousands of trained and equipped slaves , including 2 , 000 cavalry and 20 , 000 infantry , and was joined by a Cicilian named Athenion and his men from the west of Sicily . The Roman consul Manius Aquillius quelled the revolt only after great effort . It was the second of a series of three slave revolts in the Roman Republic , but fuelled by the same slave abuse in Sicily and Southern Italy .
Arcul de Triumf Arcul de Triumf is a triumphal arch located in the northern part of Bucharest , on the Kiseleff Road . The first , wooden , triumphal arch was built hurriedly , after Romania gained its independence ( 1878 ) , so that the victorious troops could march under it . Another temporary arch was built on the same site , in 1922 , after World War I , which was demolished in 1935 to make way for the current triumphal arch , which was inaugurated in September 1936 . The current arch has a height of 27 metres and was built after the plans of the architect . It has as its foundation a 25 x 11 . 50 metres rectangle . The sculptures with which the facades are decorated were created by famous Romanian sculptors such as Ion Jalea and Dimitrie Paciurea . Nowadays , military parades are held beneath the arch each 1 December , with the occasion of Romania ' s national holiday .
Chamade In war , a chamade was a certain beat of a drum , or sound of a trumpet , which was given the enemy as a kind of signal , to inform them of some proposition to be made to the commander ; either to capitulate , to have leave to bury their dead , make a truce , etc . Ménage derives the word from the Italian " chiamate " , of " clamare " , to cry .