naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Nola ( 216 BC ) The First Battle of Nola was fought in 216 BC between the forces of Hannibal and a Roman force led by Marcus Claudius Marcellus . Hannibal was attempting to seize the town of Nola : He failed , and would make two more unsuccessful attempts on the city in the next two years .
HMAS Woomera HMAS " Woomera " was an Australian naval vessel operated by the Australian Army and Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . She was one of a class of 32 wooden motor vessels built for the Army and entered service in late 1945 as AV 1356 ( " Ashburton " ) . She was transferred to the RAN on 23 January 1946 and commissioned as " Woomera " . The ship ' s main role was carrying stores and dumping obsolete ammunition at sea . In this role she visited many ports in Australia and New Guinea . On 11 October 1960 an accidental explosion occurred onboard HMAS " Woomera " while she was dumping ammunition into the sea off Sydney . As a result of the explosion the ship caught fire and sank with the loss of two lives . The surviving crew members were rescued by HMAS " Quickmatch " and HMS " Cavendish " . References .
ZIL 131 The ZIL - 131 is a general purpose 3 . 5 tons 6x6 army truck designed in the Soviet Union , the basic model being a general cargo truck . Variants include a tractor - trailer truck , a dump truck , a fuel truck , and a 6x6 for towing a 4 - wheeled powered trailer . The ZIL - 131 also serves as a platform for the 9P138 rocket launcher , a 30 - tube variant of the BM - 21 " Grad " . The ZIL - 131 is part of a family of two trucks sharing identical components by ZIL , which also included the ZIL - 130 . Both trucks were introduced in 1967 . The ZIL - 131 6x6 has the same equipment as the GAZ - 66 and Ural - 375D . Unlike the ZIL - 131 , the ZIL - 130 is intended for civilian use . The ZIL - 130 / 131 is still in production at the " AMUR " truck plant ( as the AMUR 531340 ) , with both gasoline and diesel engines .
Château de Herrebouc The Château de Herrebouc is a castle in the " commune " of Saint - Jean - Poutge in the Gers " département " of France . Though an older building , the present look of the castle is the result of a major campaign of construction work at the start of the 17th century . On the ground floor , the 17th century ceiling is partially conserved . The farm buildings date from this period . The pigeon loft is characteristic of the architecture of the time of Henri IV ( reigned 1589 to 1610 ) . The wine cellar is probably a later structure . The mill still has an intact medieval base . Medieval walls are also visible in the buildings of the farm . It has been listed since 1926 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
Battle of Clark ' s Mill The Battle of Clark ' s Mill was a battle of the American Civil War , occurring on November 7 , 1862 in Douglas County , Missouri . Having received reports that Confederate troops were in the area , Capt . Hiram E . Barstow , Union commander at Clark ' s Mill , sent a detachment toward Gainesville and he led another southeastward . Barstow ' s men ran into a Confederate force , skirmished with them and drove them back . His column then fell back to Clark ' s Mill where he learned that another Confederate force was coming from the northeast . Unlimbering artillery to command both approach roads , Barstow was soon engaged in a five - hour fight with the enemy . Under a white flag , the Confederates demanded a surrender , and the Union , given their numerical inferiority , accepted . The Confederates paroled the Union troops and departed after burning the blockhouse at Clark ' s Mill . Clark ' s Mill helped the Confederates to maintain a toehold in southwest Missouri . The battle took place in central Douglas County , approximately 10 miles east of Ava . The area of the battle was near the historic county seat of Vera Cruz near the confluence of Bryant and Hunter creeks .
Aquilifer An aquilifer was a senior signifer bearing the eagle standard of a Roman legion . The name derives from the type of standard , " aquila " meaning " eagle " ( which was the universal type used since 104 BC ) , and " fers " , related to the Latin word for bringing or carrying . Before that time , the wolf , boar , bull and horse were also used . The eagle standard was the most important possession of the legion and its loss was a terrible disgrace . The aquila emblem generally had up - raised wings surrounded by a laurel wreath . It was mounted on a narrow trapezoidal base and mounted on a pole that was held aloft . The aquilifer ' s position was accordingly one of enormous prestige , and he was ranked immediately below the centurion s and above the optio nes , receiving twice the pay of an ordinary legionary ( Brunt , 1950 ) . Unlike other standard bearers ( such as signifers ) , the aquilifer probably did not wear an animal skin , instead going bareheaded ( no contemporary depiction of an aquilifer shows him with a headdress or helmet ) . He is depicted as carrying a small circular shield called a " parma " that could be strapped on if his hands were already full . ( Allen , 1908 ) Examples of aquilifers in Commentarii de Bello Gallico . The idea that great disgrace would fall upon a legion should its eagle fall into enemy hands or the symbolism of its passage being barred by enemies places aquilifers in a key position — that of maintaining a legion ' s honor . An aquilifer plays an important role in the landing of Roman soldiers in Britannia , as accounted by Julius Caesar . In " De Bello Gallico " IV . 25 , Britons put up stiff resistance against the Roman landing party , therefore the legionaries delay to avoid engaging with the enemy . To spur on the troops , the aquilifer shouts out , so that all the soldiers can hear him , that despite the common lack of initiative , he would have fulfilled his office for both Julius Caesar his general and for the public ( pūblicae ) thing ( reī ) ( " i . e . " for the republic ) ; he then immediately jumps from the ship and makes his way to the shore with the eagle so that others may be inspired to follow him . Unfortunately for the Romans , chaos ensues as soldiers from different divisions group themselves to the closest standard rather than their assigned one , disturbing battle formation greatly . In V . 37 , most of the Roman command and a large portion of the army is massacred in an ambush from the traitor Ambiorix ( leader of the Eburones who promised the Romans safe passage through his lands ) . As the other centurions of the first ranks are falling in their retreat Lucius Petrosidius the aquilifer bravely hurls the eagle within the ramparts of the Roman redoubt , out of reach from the Britons , just before he himself goes down fighting . References . " Pay and Superannuation in the Roman Army , " by P . A . Brunt ; Papers of the British School at Rome , Vol . 18 , ( 1950 ) , pp . 50 – 71 . " The Advancement of Officers in the Roman Army , " by George H . Allen ; Supplementary Papers of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome , Vol . 2 , ( 1908 ) , pp . 1 – 25 .
Henry Smither Henry Carpenter Smither ( July 28 , 1873 – July 13 , 1930 ) was a United States Army officer and American football coach . He served as the head football coach at the United States Military Academy from 1906 to 1907 , compiling a record of 7 – 2 – 1 . Smither was born on July 28 , 1873 and graduated from West Point in 1897 .
Robert Anderson ( Revolutionary War ) Robert Anderson ( 1741 – 1813 ) was a politician , militia officer , and surveyor from South Carolina . He was a lifelong friend of General Andrew Pickens . Anderson , South Carolina , Anderson County , South Carolina , and the ghost town of Andersonville are named for him . Biography . Early life . He was born on November 15 , 1741 in Augusta County , Virginia . His parents were John and Jane Anderson who had immigrated from Ireland . Before moving to Virginia , they had lived in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Marriage and children . He married Anne Thompson in 1765 . They moved to South Carolina and settled near his friend from Virginia , Andrew Pickens . She died after twenty - five years of marriage . They had five children : In 1793 Anderson married a second time , to Lydia Maverick , a widow in Pendleton , South Carolina . Her son , Samuel , married Robert ' s daughter Elizabeth . After the death of his second wife , he married Mrs . Reese . She was the widow of Dr . Thomas Reese , who was the pastor of Old Stone Church . Military service . In the Revolutionary War , he joined the Fifth South Carolina Militia . He became a captain in the regiment commanded by his friend Andrew Pickens when they fought Boyd ' s Loyalists . Anderson was one of the Patriots who gave their parole to the British as Ninety Six , South Carolina . Many took up arms after the British disregarded their promises . At the Battle of Cowpens , Anderson was a colonel under Brigadier General Andrew Pickens . Anderson also served under Henry " Light Horse Harry " Lee . He fought in the Battle of Eutaw Springs , in which the British were victorious . Later , his regiment held the line against the British between Augusta , Georgia and Ninety Six . On the western frontier , he fought with Andrew Pickens against the Cherokees . A treaty signed in 1777 ceded most of the Cherokee lands in the present Anderson , Oconee , and Pickens counties . After the war , Anderson was promoted to the rank of general in the state militia . Civilian career . He served in the $ 3 from 1791 to 1794 and from 1801 to 1802 from the Pendleton District . He was an elder of the Old Stone Church . In 1800 , he was elector for Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr . He owned in the current Anderson , Oconee , and Pickens counties including his home , Westville , on the west side of the Seneca River across from Andrew Picken ' s home , Hopewell . Death and legacy . He died at his home on January 9 , 1813 . Due to a flood , they were not able to bury him at Old Stone Church , and he was buried on his estate . During the construction of Lake Hartwell , his body was reinterred at Old Stone Church . The ghost town of Andersonville , the City of Anderson , and Anderson County were named for him .
283rd Engineer Detachment ( Terrain Analysis ) The 283d Engineer Detachment ( Terrain Analysis ) was a combat engineer detachment assigned to the 20th Engineer Brigade of the United States Army stationed at Fort Bragg , North Carolina . Although the members of the unit wore blue airborne tabs as part of the brigade ' s shoulder patch jump status was an option . The detachment , commanded by a field grade officer , consisted of approximately 10 – 12 personnel , half of which were company grade officers . The executive officer was a captain . Military occupational specialties ( MOS ) of the enlisted personnel included soils analysts , cartographic drafters , terrain analysts and clerk typists . At a minimum unit members held secret security clearance with officers and some noncommissioned officers holding Top Secret clearances . The detachment had a former Army Security Agency cartographic specialist with Top Secret security credentials in cryptoanalysis , special intelligence and NATO access assigned at one time . The primary mission of the 283d was to provide land analysis for world wide missions of the XVIII Airborne Corps . It was primarily sequestered away from the brigade area and its members were required not to discuss its work outside of its secure location . The detachment was so small that it was part of a provisional battalion of the 20th Engineer Brigade and relied on its sister unit , the 63d Engineer Company , for its logistical support . 283d members were exempt from inspections , formal physical training routines , morning formations and the common extra duties required of other brigade members . Because of the nature of its work and close personal contact among its members the distinctions between officers and enlisted members were more relaxed than typical units but still maintained high ' esprit de corps ' and discipline . By 1977 the brigade newspaper , ' The Level Line ' , noted that the 283d had no record of AWOL members . ' The Level Line ' name was one of numerous suggestions submitted by 283rd personnel , 2LT Szigeti and SP5 Leviner et al . , and was adopted for the newspaper by brigade . The unit adopted the mascot of the wasp by mid - 1978 . Additionally , from 1978 - 1981 , the unit recorded 100 % accuracy on SIDPERS transactions , achieved by SP5 W . E . Truxon , the unit clerk .
Christiansfjell Fortress Christiansfjel Fortress was initially established by Count Wedel - Jarlsberg in 1683 as Hammersberg Skanse . A tower with a cellar powder magazine was among the first buildings at this Norwegian fortress . During Christian V ' s 1685 visit to Norway he visited Hammersberg skanse on June 14 . Recognizing its important location on the Swedish border , he renamed the fortress Christiansfjell and directed continued improvements . An extensive report of the visit includes illustrations of the fortress at that time . Commanding officers at Christiansfjell Fortress were : After the Great Northern War some of the smaller border forts were determined to be more expensive than their utility justified and they were closed . On July 13 , 1742 Christiansfjell Fortress was closed and the materials were moved to Kongsvinger Fortress . References . " Norges festninger " by Guthorm Kavli ; Universitetsforlaget ; 1987 ; ISBN 82 - 00 - 18430 - 7
USS Stagbush ( AN - 69 ) USS " Stagbush " ( AN - 69 / YN - 93 ) was an which served with the U . S . Navy in the western Pacific Ocean theatre of operations during World War II . Her career was without major incident , and she returned home safely after the war with one battle star to her credit . Built in Louisiana . " Stagbush " ( AN - 69 ) was laid down on 9 February 1943 by Canulette Shipbuilding Company , Inc . , Slidell , Louisiana ; launched on 29 January 1944 ; and commissioned on 30 August 1944 , Lt . Comdr . Carl C . Dilcer , USNR , in command . World War II service . " Stagbush " sailed for Melville , Rhode Island , on 8 September only to be caught in a storm on the 14th off Cape Hatteras , North Carolina , which required that she be drydocked after her shakedown . She was in the Snow Shipyards , Rockland , Maine , from 12 October to 6 December 1944 . When she was ready for sea again , " Stagbush " sailed for Hawaii via the Panama Canal ; San Diego , California ; and Tiburon , Mexico , where she took on a load of nets . She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 12 February 1945 and sailed the next day via Eniwetok ; Ulithi ; and Leyte , Philippine Islands , for the Ryukyu Islands . " Stagbush " arrived at Kerama Retto on 26 March and began laying nets to protect the anchorage . She remained there until mid - July when , after removing the nets , she moved to Buckner Bay , Okinawa . The ship sailed for Wakayama , Japan , on 8 September , to assist in clearing mines . A few days later , she laid swept channel buoys in Kii Suido after minesweepers had cleared the entrance . She then returned to Okinawa for acoustic minesweeping gear to be transported to Japan . Andy ( Bones ) Gravino proudly served . End - of - war activity . " Stagbush " remained at Sasebo for a few days and then moved to Fukuoka in late October to act as tender for auxiliary motor minesweepers . This duty was completed on 2 December 1945 and the net layer got underway for San Francisco , California . Post - war decommissioning . " Stagbush " was decommissioned at Mare Island , California , on 26 March 1946 and struck from the Navy List on 21 May . She was sold to Robert A . Martinolich in April 1947 and converted for merchant service . She burned at Norfolk , Virginia , on 16 October 1954 . Honors and awards . " Stagbush " received one battle star for World War II service .
Izyaslav - class destroyer The Izyaslav - class ( ) were a group of destroyers built for the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy . They were modified versions of the " Orfey " - class destroyer built in Russia with the assistance of the French Company Augustin Normand . These ships fought in World War I , Russian Civil War , Estonian War of Independence , and World War II . Design . The ships were an enlarged version of previous designs with a longer raised forecastle , and Frahm - type anti - rolling tanks . An extra 4 - inch gun was added and the number of torpedo tubes reduced . Ships . These ships were built by Bocker and Lange in Reval , Estonia . The ships were delayed due to ordering machinery from Switzerland which was embargoed on the outbreak of World War I . New machinery was ordered from Britain .
1st Brigade , Polish Legions Brigade I of the Polish Legions ( ) was a unit of Austro - Hungarian Army , manned by Austrian Poles , part of the Polish Legions in World War I , existing from 1914 to 1917 . History . The First Brigade was formed on December 19 , 1914 , as part of the Polish Legions in World War I . Until October 1916 the First Brigade was commanded by Józef Piłsudski , thereafter by Marian Żegota - Januszajtis . The First Brigade and the Third Brigade were disbanded after the 1917 Oath Crisis . The March of the First Brigade was one of the best - known songs of the Polish Legions . Combat . Major battles fought by the First Brigade included : Organization . The First Brigade comprised 3 infantry regiments ( the 1st , 5th and 7th ) , a cavalry regiment ( the 1st ) , artillery battalions , and support units . Composition . The First Brigade consisted mostly of young soldiers of intelligentsia origin from Congress Poland . Unlike regular military units characterised by military drill , relations between First Brigade soldiers and officers were collegial . The unit was inspired by Napoleon ic - era ideas and the Polish uprisings , especially the January Uprising of 1863 . Another characteristic of the First Brigade was its total devotion to commander Józef Piłsudski , seen as the only military , moral and political authority by his soldiers . Many writers , painters and other personalities of cultural life , served in the First Brigade . They include Wacław Sieroszewski , Andrzej Strug , Gustaw Daniłowski , Włodzimierz Tetmajer or Juliusz Kaden - Bandrowski .
United States Ram Fleet The United States Ram Fleet was a small group of rams on the Mississippi River during the American Civil War . Formation . In March 1862 , the U . S . Army authorized the noted civil engineer Charles Ellet , Jr . , to establish a flotilla of steam rams for employment on the Western Rivers . Ellet converted several powerful river towboats , heavily reinforcing their hulls for ramming . These ships had light protection for their boilers , engines and upper works ( upper works were protected with wood and cotton ) . They were originally given no artillery , later they were fitted with several guns . With the rank of colonel , Ellet led his force in action during the Battle of Memphis on June 6 , 1862 , where rams played an important role in the Union victory against the Confederate River Defense Fleet . However , Colonel Ellet died several days later of a wound received at that action . Mississippi Marine Brigade . After Charles Ellet ' s death , his younger brother Alfred W . Ellet took command of the rams . The unit was reorganized as the Mississippi Marine Brigade in early 1863 . Under the younger Ellet ' s leadership , the rams figured prominently in actions around and below Vicksburg , Mississippi , into 1863 . Ellet ' s ram fleet was under the command of the army even after the transfer of the Western Gunboat Flotilla to the navy and was always somewhat independent of navy command . The Ellet fleet was disestablished in August 1864 , and its surviving ships were transferred to other duties . Ships . The Ram Fleet included the following ships :
Adam Zygmunt Sapieha Prince Adam Zygmunt Sapieha ( 2 May 1892 - 20 October 1970 ) was a military aviator and cavalry ' s officer within Polish Army . He was son of Polish magnate Prince Władysław Leon Sapieha . He was nephew of Polish cardinal Prince Adam Stefan Sapieha . During the World War I he was one of the first aviators within the Austro - Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops . Later he became Polish cavalry ' s officer . On 1 June 1919 he was made lieutenant and later served as an officer within 2nd Light Cavalry Regiment of Rokitna . On 10 December 1918 in Cracow he was married to Teresa Sobańska ( 20 October 1891 - 14 October 1981 ) who was daughter of Count Michał Maria Sobański and Countess Ludwika Wodzicka . Adam Zygmunt and Teresa had eight children : Prince Adam ' s great - granddaughter is Queen Mathilde of the Belgians .
Skirmish of Pastrengo ( 1848 ) The Skirmish of Pastrengo was fought between the Piedmontese and Austrian army on 30 April 1848 , in the course of the First Italian War of Independence . Prelude . The troops of the Kingdom of Sardinia were for the most part " volunteers " from regions of northern Italy . Among the troops at Pastrengo , there were recorded , 1 , 000 " volunteers " from Parma , 150 " volunteers " from Piacenza and 400 students from Pavia and Turin . The Skirmish . As documented by the New monthly magazine : Vol . 83 , 1848 : < BR > " " On the 30th of April , what is called in the bulletin issued from the head - quarters of the Sardinian army , " the first battle between the two armies of Italy , " was fought . The end proposed was to occupy Bussolengo , Pastrengo , and Piovezzana , and to attempt to force the Adige . The affair commenced at half - past eleven , A . m . The Italian troops succeeded in driving the Austrians from all the positions which they occupied at Pastrengo , and in gaining the heights which command the Adige . " " Aftermath . As documented by the New monthly magazine : Vol . 83 , 1848 : < BR > " " During the night of the 30th , Bussolengo was taken by the Sardinians , and the passage of the Adige effected at Pontone . " "
Tooth - to - tail ratio The Tooth to Tail Ratio is a military term that refers to the amount of military personnel ( " tail " ) it takes to supply and support each combat soldier ( " tooth " ) . While both " tooth " and " tail " soldiers may find themselves in combat or other life threatening situations " tooth " soldiers are those whose primary function is to neutralize the enemy . The ratio is not a specific measure but rather a general indication of an army ' s actual military might in relation to the resources it devotes to supply , upkeep , and logistics . An army ' s tooth to tail ratio is often inversely related to its technological capabilities and subsequently its overall power . While an army with a high tooth to tail ratio will have more personnel devoted to combat , these soldiers will lack the support provided by the tail . Such support includes the supply and communication infrastructure on which modern armies depend . An army with a higher tooth to tail ratio may have more combat troops , but each will be less effective . The introduction of computer technology has made automation of the tail a possibility . One of the stated goals of DARPA is increasing the tooth to tail ratio ( reducing the amount of logistics and support personnel necessary in proportion to combat personnel without reducing combat effectiveness ) .
Capture of Gorée The Capture of Gorée occurred in December 1758 when a British naval expedition led by Augustus Keppel seized the French island of Gorée off the coast of Senegal during the Seven Years War . The island was occupied by the British until 1763 when it was returned following the Treaty of Paris .