naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fairey Flycatcher The Fairey Flycatcher was a British single - seat biplane carrier - borne fighter aircraft made by Fairey Aviation Company which served in the period 1923 to 1934 . It was produced with a conventional undercarriage for carrier use , although this could be interchanged with floats for catapult use aboard capital ship s . Design and development . The Flycatcher was designed to meet the requirements of Specification N6 / 22 for a carrier and floatplane fighter to replace the Gloster Nightjar , powered by either the Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar or the Bristol Jupiter radial engines . Both Fairey and Parnall submitted designs to meet this specification , with Fairey producing the Flycatcher , and Parnall , the Parnall Plover . The first of three prototype Flycatchers made its maiden flight on 28 November 1922 , powered by a Jaguar II engine , although later being fitted with a Jupiter IV . Small orders were placed for both the Flycatcher ( for nine aircraft ) and Plover ( for 10 aircraft ) to allow service evaluation . After trials , the Flycatcher was ordered for full production . Technical description . The Flycatcher was a remarkable design for its time and was one of the earliest aircraft specifically designed for operation from aircraft carriers . Flaps ran the entire trailing edges of both wings . These could be lowered for landing and takeoff , providing the aircraft with the capability of using only of deck space " to come and go . " The fuselage was made of both wood and metal with fabric covering . A rather cumbersome undercarriage could be changed for twin floats or a wheel / float combo for amphibian use . Hydraulic wheel brakes were added to assist the aircraft in stopping in the confined space of an aircraft carrier . Arrestor hook s on the undercarriage spreader bar were a feature of early models , designed to engage the arrestor wires strung out on the carrier deck . Operational history . Production of the Flycatcher began at Fairey ' s Hayes factory in 1923 , entering service with No . 402 Flight Fleet Air Arm . The Flycatcher was flown from all the British carriers of its era . Some 192 were produced . A typical deployment was on the aircraft carrier , where 16 Flycatchers would serve alongside 16 Blackburn Ripon s and 16 reconnaissance aircraft . Very popular with pilots , the Flycatchers were easy to fly and very manoeuvrable . It was in them that the Fleet Air Arm developed the combat tactics used in the Second World War . The Flycatcher saw service with the Home , Mediterranean , East Indies and China fleets . During its service on the China station , the Flycatcher was active against Chinese pirates in the waters near Hong Kong . Museum exhibits . No aircraft survives , but the Fleet Air Arm Museum holds a replica Flycatcher that was built in 1977 . Registered as G - BEYB , it was flown until 1996 , when it was put on static display . It is currently held in the museum ' s reserve collection , to which the public only has occasional access .
Ernő Poeltenberg Ernő Poeltenberg ( February 20 , 1808 , Vienna - October 6 , 1849 , Arad ) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army . He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad .
Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy The Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy ( CHC ) is the Senior Chaplain in the Navy , the Head of the U . S . Navy Chaplain Corps , and the Director of Religious Ministry Support for the Department of the Navy . He or she advises the Commandant of the Marine Corps , the Chief of Naval Operations , and the Commandant of the Coast Guard " on all matters pertaining to religion within the Navy , United States Marine Corps , and United States Coast Guard . " The position was created in 1917 to " provide a system of appointing qualified and professional chaplains that meet the needs of the Navy " . The current CCHN is Rear Admiral Mark L . Tidd . Chief of Chaplains hallway . A hallway to honor former Chiefs of Navy Chaplain Corps was dedicated at the Navy Annex , in Arlington , Va . , in 2004 . Five former Chiefs of Chaplains were present at the dedication ceremony , including Barry C . Black , Alvin B . Koeneman , Neil M . Stevenson , Ross H . Trower , and David F . White .
Robert Volz Robert Volz ( born January 31 , 1875 ) was a seaman serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Volz was born January 31 , 1875 in San Francisco , California and enlisted in the Navy from Norfolk , Virginia in August 1897 for a three - year term . After entering the navy he was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Nashville as a seaman . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born . 31 January 1875 , San Francisco , Calif . Accredited to : Virginia . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Volz displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this period .
Battle of Quechereguas The battle of Quechereguas occurred on 8 April 1814 , during the War of Chilean Independence . Background . The Royalists had taken the key Patriot town of Talca in March , 1814 , and an army , under the command of Gabino Gaínza , now threatened to advance on the Patriot capital of Santiago itself . Bernardo O ' Higgins , the famous Patriot leader , attempted to intervene to prevent this . The battle . Gabino Gaínza had crossed over the Maule river with his forces , advancing northwards . O ' Higgins was unable to pursue him during the day , because of the size of the Royalist force . During the night , however , O ' Higgins secretly made the crossing , marched rapidly to the north and placed himself at the site of Quechereguas , in between the Royalist force and the road to Santiago . Gabino Gaínza responded by attacking the next day ; O ' Higgins ' men firmly repulsed the attack , forcing the Royalists to fall back on Talca once more .
Arabian Peninsular Reconnaissance Flight Aden Protectorate Reconnaissance Flight . From 1956 Gloster Meteor FR Mk . 9 aircraft from No . 208 Squadron RAF were deployed to Aden for operations against rebel tribesmen and Yemeni insurgents . This Squadron was withdrawn at the time of the Suez Crisis . ' C ' Flight 208 Squadron returned in 1958 and was re - designated as the Aden Protectorate Reconnaissance Flight , formed on 1 August 1959 , flying Meteor FR . 9 ' s . This flight was disbanded and renamed Arabian Peninsular Reconnaissance Flight on 1 October 1959 . The Arabian Peninsular Reconnaissance Flight was formed at RAF Khormaksar when the Aden Protectorate Reconnaissance Flight was dis - banded and renamed on 1 October 1959 . The flight continued to fly the Meteor FR . 9 ' s on tactical reconnaissance missions until it was disbanded in April 1960 , handing the tactical recce mission over to No . 8 Squadron RAF , flying Hawker Hunter FR . 10 ' s .
No . 629 Squadron RAF No . 629 Squadron RAuxAF , a non - flying squadron of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force was formed in 1999 for " Helicopter Support " . For the period April to September 1939 , " No . 629 ( Chiltern ) Squadron " of the Auxiliary Air Force was allocated the Squadron Code LQ for use by the squadron , were it to be formed , but this did not happen .
40th Pathans The 40th Pathans were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . It was raised in 1858 , as the Shahjehanpur Levy . It was designated as the 40th Pathans in 1903 and became 5th Battalion ( Pathans ) 14th Punjab Regiment in 1922 . In 1947 , it was allocated to the Pakistan Army , where it continues to exist as 16th Battalion The Punjab Regiment . Early history . The regiment was raised by Lieutenant Edward Dandridge at Shahjahanpur in 1858 , during the upheaval of the Indian Mutiny , as the Shahjahanpur Levy . It was initially composed of Hindus from North India and some Sikhs . In 1888 , the regiment participated in the Black Mountain Expedition , while in 1890 , it dispatched a detachment to Lushai Hills . In 1890 , it was reconstituted with Trans - frontier Pathans to become the only all - Pathan regiment in the Indian Army ; acquiring in the process , the nickname of " Forty Thieves " . In 1901 , it lost its exclusively Pathan character , when two companies each of Punjabi Muslims and Dogras were included . Subsequent to the reforms brought about in the Indian Army by Lord Kitchener in 1903 , the regiment ' s designation was changed to 40th Pathans . In 1904 , the 40th Pathans proceeded to Tibet as reinforcements for the Tibet Mission Force . On the outbreak of the First World War the regiment was stationed in Hong Kong . It arrived in France on 2 April 1915 , and within days , was on the frontlines . The 40th Pathans fought with great gallantry in the Second Battle of Ypres , where they suffered 320 casualties on 26 April , and in the Battles of Aubers Ridge and Loos . In December , the regiment left for East Africa , where they served till February 1918 , and again distinguished themselves in the long and bitter campaign . The 40th Pathans suffered a total of 800 casualties ( killed or wounded ) during the war , while 1066 officers and men were invalided out of service due to sickness . In 1919 , the 40th Pathans participated in the Third Afghan War . Subsequent history . In 1921 - 22 , a major reorganization was undertaken in the British Indian Army leading to the formation of large infantry groups of four to six battalions . Among these was the 14th Punjab Regiment , formed by grouping the 40th Pathans with 19th , 20th , 21st , 22nd and 24th Punjabis . The battalion ' s new designation was 5th Battalion ( Pathans ) 14th Punjab Regiment . During the Second World War , the battalion fought in the Malayan Campaign and was taken prisoner by the Japanese on Singapore Island following the British surrender on 15 February 1942 . The battalion was re - raised in 1952 . In the meantime , the 14th Punjab Regiment had been allocated to the Pakistan Army following the Partition of India in 1947 . In 1956 , the 14th Punjab Regiment was merged with the 1st , 15th and 16th Punjab Regiment s to form one large Punjab Regiment , and 5 / 14th Punjab was redesignated as 16 Punjab . During the 1965 and 1971 Indo - Pakistan Wars , the battalion fought gallantly on the Lahore Front .
Hugh Walmsley Air Marshal Sir Hugh Sidney Porter Walmsley KCB KCIE CBE MC DFC ( 6 June 1898 – 2 September 1985 ) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II . RAF career . Educated at Dover College , Walmsley was commissioned into the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment in January 1916 during World War I . He was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps later that year and received a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force in 1919 . He was appointed Officer Commanding No . 33 Squadron in 1933 and Officer Commanding No . 8 Squadron in 1935 before becoming Station Commander at RAF Abingdon in 1937 . He served in World War II as Officer Commanding No . 71 Wing and Officer Commanding RAF Scampton before transferring to Headquarters RAF Bomber Command . He continued his war service as Air Officer Commanding No . 6 ( Bomber ) Group , Air Officer Commanding No . 91 Group and as Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters Bomber Command . Finally he was made Air Officer Commanding No . 4 Group in May 1945 . After the War he served with Transport Command in South East Asia before being appointed Air Officer Administration at AHQ India in June 1946 . He went on to be Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at RAF India in November 1946 , Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in February 1948 and Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at Flying Training Command in 1950 before retiring in 1952 . In retirement he became Managing Director of Air Service Training Limited at Hamble .
Gabriel Hiester Gabriel Hiester ( 1749 – 1824 ) was an American political and military leader from the time of the American Revolution to the early - 19th century . Gabriel was a member of the Hiester Family political dynasty . He was the brother of John Hiester and Daniel Hiester . Biography . Hiester was born in Montgomery County , Pennsylvania on July 17 , 1749 , the son of German immigrants Daniel and Catherine Shuller Hiester . As an adult , Gabriel moved to Bern Towship , Berks County , Pennsylvania where he purchased a farm . He married Elizabeth Bausman and fathered six children . In 1776 , he was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention . He served as a colonel in the Pennsylvania militia during the American Revolution . He served in the Pennsylvania state legislature for nearly 30 years and served as state senator for Berks and Dauphin counties from 1795 to 1796 and again from 1805 to 1812 . Hiester died on September 1 , 1824 .
201st Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call sign was the . History . The 201st Division was one of eight emergency territorial reserve divisions created on 2 April 1945 to defend the Japanese home islands against the projected invasion by Allied forces in the final stages of the Pacific War . The 201st Division was raised in Tokyo with its headquarters in Kunitachi . It came under the control of the Japanese 36th Army . As with the other emergency divisions raised at the time , it contained many over - age reservists , under - age students , and men previously rejected from conscription for a variety of medical conditions . It was lightly armed , mostly with obsolete weapons from World War I or even Russo - Japanese War stockpiles , and had minimal training . It was dissolved at the end of the war without having seen combat . Organization . The 201st Division was organized as a triangular division . 201st Division - Allentown , PA : 1981
Antonov A - 40 The Antonov A - 40 " Krylya Tanka " ( , meaning " tank wings " ) was a Soviet attempt to allow a tank to glide onto a battlefield after being towed aloft by an airplane , to support airborne forces or partisan s . A prototype was built and tested in 1942 , but was found to be unworkable . This vehicle is sometimes called the " A - 40T " or " KT " . Design and development . Instead of loading light tank s onto gliders , as other nations had done , Soviet airborne forces had strapped T - 27 tankette s underneath heavy bombers and landed them on airfields . In the 1930s there were experimental efforts to parachute tanks or simply drop them into water . During the 1940 occupation of Bessarabia , light tanks may have been dropped from a few meters up by TB - 3 bombers , which as long as the gearbox was in neutral , would allow them to roll to a stop . The biggest problem with air - dropping vehicles is that their crews drop separately , and may be delayed or prevented from bringing them into action . Gliders allow crews to arrive at the drop zone along with their vehicles . They also minimize exposure of the valuable towing aircraft , which need not appear over the battlefield . So the Soviet Air Force ordered Oleg Antonov to design a glider for landing tanks . Antonov was more ambitious and instead of building a glider , he added a detachable cradle to a T - 60 light tank bearing large wood and fabric biplane wings and a twin tail . Such a tank could glide into the battlefield , drop its wings , and be ready to fight within minutes . One T - 60 was converted into a glider in 1942 , intended to be towed by a Petlyakov Pe - 8 or a Tupolev TB - 3 . The tank was lightened for air use by removing its armament , ammunition and headlights , and leaving a very limited amount of fuel . Even with the modifications , the TB - 3 bomber had to ditch the glider during its only flight , on September 2 , 1942 , to avoid crashing , due to the T - 60 ' s extreme drag ( although the tank reportedly glided smoothly ) . The A - 40 was piloted by the famous Soviet experimental glider pilot Sergei Anokhin . The T - 60 landed in a field near the airdrome , and after dropping the glider wings and tail , the driver returned it to its base . Due to the lack of a sufficiently - powerful aircraft to tow it at the required , the project was abandoned . The Soviet Union continued to develop methods to efficiently deploy airborne vehicles . By the mid - 1970s they were able to para - drop BMD - 1 fighting vehicles with their crew aboard .
Bertram S . Varian , Jr . Bertram Stetson Varian , Jr . ( 26 November 1920 – 5 June 1942 ) was a naval aviator in the United States Navy during World War II who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his part on the attack that crippled the Japanese carrier Akagi in the Battle of Midway . Biography . Varian was born on 26 November 1920 at Weiser , Idaho . He enlisted in the Navy as a seaman 2d class on 3 December 1940 at Boise , Idaho , and received an appointment as aviation cadet on 15 February of the following year . Following flight training at Pensacola , Fla . , he was designated a naval aviator on 8 September 1941 and was commissioned an ensign in the United States Naval Reserve on 4 October . Varian received further instruction with the Advanced Carrier Training Group and reported to " Enterprise " ( CV - 6 ) on 3 April 1942 , joining Bombing Squadron 6 ( VB - 6 ) . Flying from " Enterprise " during the pivotal Battle of Midway on 5 June 1942 , he flew with the third division of " Bombing Six " in their attack against the Japanese aircraft carrier " Akagi " . VB - 6 pressed home their attack — often diving to very low altitudes to ensure their bomb ' s delivery — and severely crippled Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo ' s flagship . The victory had not been attained without cost , however , as only a third of the 15 Douglas SBD Dauntless es that " Enterprise " launched earlier that day returned to their carrier . Among those lost were Ensign Varian and his gunner , ARM3c C . R . Young , who were forced to take to their rubber boat when their plane ditched 50 miles ( 90 km ) northeast of the Japanese task force . They were never seen again . For his " extraordinary heroism " and " distinguished service " in pressing home his attack against heavy odds and knowing that very little fuel remained with which to return to friendly forces , Ensign Varian received a posthumous Navy Cross . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer escort USS " Varian " ( DE - 798 ) was named in honor of Ens . Varian , sponsored by his sister , Mrs . Arnold F . Brunkow .
Skagul Toste Skoglar Toste or Skoglar Tosti ( there are several variations ) was a chieftain from the Swedish province of West Götaland . According to Snorri Sturluson , he was the father of Sigrid the Haughty . For some time he gave refuge to Harald Grenske , who later came back to woo Sigrid , only to be killed by her for his persistence . Toste is mentioned in several sagas , such as Heimskringla , and is said to have been the first to demand danegeld , in 970 . Toste ' s great - grandson Stenkil became the King of Sweden in 1060 . His name " skoglar " , " skauglar " or " skagul " is due to his experience in battle ( " skagul " is one of the many names for battle in Old Norse ) . At Vallentuna , near Stockholm , the runestone of Orkesta ( U 344 ) says : " in ulfr hafir onklati * Þru kialtakat Þit uas fursta Þis tursti * Þa - - - Þurktil * Þa kalt knutr " Translation : " But Ulf has taken three danegeld s in England . The first one was with Toste , the second one with Thorkel and the third one with Canute the Great " . Children according to the sagas
Arthur Hauffe Arthur Hauffe ( 20 December 1892 – 22 July 1944 ) was a German career soldier . He became General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II and commanded the XIII . Armeekorps . He was recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Role in Romania during World War II . While he was Chief of the German Army Mission in Romania , he signed on 30 August 1941 with General Nicolae Tătăranu of the Romanian War Headquarters the “ Agreement for the Security , Administration , and Economic Exploitation of the Territory between the Dniester and the Bug and the Bug - Dnieper . ” Paragraph 7 of the agreement dealt with the Jews in the camps and ghettos of Bessarabia and Bukovina and the Jewish inhabitants of Transnistria : “ The evacuation of the Jews across the Bug is not possible now . They must therefore be concentrated in labor camps and used for various work until , once the operations are over , their evacuation to the East will be possible . ” The agreement made clear that the ultimate goal was to “ cleanse ” the relevant territories of their Jewish inhabitants . Role in German defeats in the northern Ukraine . Arthur Hauffe was General of Infantry during the Lvov – Sandomierz Offensive . The Lvov - Sandomierz Offensive was a major Red Army operation to force the German troops from Ukraine and Eastern Poland which was launched in mid July 1944 . During this military engagement , General Hauffe failed to prepare for the withdrawal of his troops when they were threatened by encirclement . He also failed to show up at headquarters during the final phase of the offensive from 20 July 1944 to 22 July 1944 thus forcing Lieutenant General Wolfgang Lange to assume command of the XIII . Armeekorps . General Hauffe ' s inaction condemned the three XIII . Armeekorps divisions and Korps - Abteilung C in the Brody salient to annihilation by the Red Army . He was captured by Soviet troops on 22 July 1944 and died later the same day when he stepped on a land mine .
German submarine U - 67 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 67 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " that operated during World War II . She was laid down in the AG Weser yard in Bremen as ' werk ' 986 on 5 April 1940 . She was launched on 30 October and was commissioned on 22 January 1941 under " Korvettenkapitän " Heinrich Bleichrodt . Her service life began with training with the 2nd U - boat Flotilla on her commissioning date ; the boat was declared operational with the same flotilla on 1 September 1941 . Operational career . The boat carried out seven patrols in which she sank 13 ships and damaged another five . She was a member of three wolf pack s . She was sunk on 16 July 1943 by an Avenger bomber from the US aircraft carrier USS Core . 48 men died , there were three survivors . Her operational service commenced with a trip from Bergen in Norway to Lorient in France . The submarine was to spend the rest of her career being based in the French port . 1st , 2nd and 3rd patrols . She sank the " St . Clair II " west northwest of the Canary Islands on 24 September 1941 on her first foray . On her second patrol she was attacked by the British corvette HMS " Bluebell " on 11 December 1941 west of Gibraltar ; slight damage was incurred . " U - 208 " was originally though to have been sunk . Her third effort , which began with the U - boat ' s departure from Lorient on 19 January 1942 , took her to the Caribbean , where she sank the " Penelope " , about west of Dominica on 14 March . 4th , 5th and 6th patrols and loss . Her fourth patrol , as part of Operation " Drumbeat " , saw the submarine enter the Gulf of Mexico . There she sank eight ships , most of them just off the mouth of the Mississippi River . Her fifth sortie turned out to be her longest - 97 days . Moving to the area off the north coast of South America , she sank a further six ships , but her success was marred by an explosion while handling torpedoes . One man was killed . Patrol number six included being part of the " Seerauber " wolfpack ( pirate ) which was unfortunate as the boat was badly damaged during an attack on the convoy RS 3 . Three U - boats ( from a total of eight ) were hit in the battle which took place south of the Canary Islands . The submarine began her seventh and final patrol on 10 May 1943 ; she was sunk in mid - ocean on 16 July .