naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
21st Punjabis The 21st Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . It was raised in 1857 , as the 11th Regiment of Punjab Infantry . It was designated as the 21st Punjabis in 1903 and became 10th ( Training ) Battalion of 14th Punjab Regiment in 1922 . In 1943 , it was converted into the 14th Punjab Regimental Centre . In 1947 , the 14th Punjab Regiment was allocated to the Pakistan Army . In 1956 , the 1st , 14th , 15th and 16th Punjab Regimental Centres where amalgamated to form the Punjab Regimental Centre . Early History . The regiment was raised in 1857 , during the upheaval of the Indian Mutiny , as the 9th Regiment of Punjab Infantry from the men of the 3rd and 6th Punjab Infantry . The regiment took part in the Abyssinian Campaign of 1867 - 68 and the Second Afghan War of 1878 - 80 . Subsequent to the reforms brought about in the Indian Army by Lord Kitchener in 1903 , the regiment ' s designation was changed to 21st Punjabis . During the First World War , the regiment served in Egypt and Palestine . In 1918 , it took part in the Battle of Megiddo , which led to the annihilation of Turkish Army in Palestine . In 1917 , the 21st Punjabis raised a second battalion , which was disbanded after the war . Subsequent History . After the First World War , the 21st Punjabis were grouped with the 19th , 20th , 22nd and 24th Punjabis , and the 40th Pathans to form the 14th Punjab Regiment in 1922 . The battalion was redesignated as 10th ( Training ) Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment , based at Ferozepur . During the Second World War , 10 / 14th Punjab was converted into the 14th Punjab Regimental Centre . In 1947 , the 14th Punjab Regiment was allocated to Pakistan Army , and in 1956 , it was merged with the 1st , 15th and 16th Punjab Regiment s to form the Punjab Regiment . The 14th Punjab Regimental Centre was merged with the 1st , 15th and 16th Punjab Regimental Centres to form the Punjab Regimental Centre . It is based at Mardan .
Frontal assault The military tactic of frontal assault is a direct , hostile movement of forces toward the front of an enemy force ( as compared to the flanks or rear of the enemy ) . By targeting the enemy ' s front , the attackers are subjecting themselves to the maximum defensive power of the enemy . It is often a commander ' s last resort when he has run out of tactical options . Before the 19th century , a frontal assault against a thin line could be effective when conducted by horse cavalry . However , as the accuracy and range of firearms increased , this procedure proved increasingly suicidal . Cavalry charges against deeply regimented infantry formations were also frequently repulsed as exemplified by the Battle of the Golden Spurs in Flanders in 1302 . This style of combat was sometimes used in the American Civil War . Although officers were taught the value of tactical flanking attacks and strategic turning movements , they occasionally resorted to direct assaults when other options were unavailable . The bloody results of such assaults against field fortifications as Cold Harbor , Fredericksburg , and Franklin have made these battles some of the most memorable of the war . Pickett ' s Charge , arguably the most famous direct assault of the war , was unsuccessful against defenders with minimal fortifications , but with superior artillery support . This style of combat was rapidly becoming outmoded because of the increased accuracy of rifles and the increased use of defensive field works in the later years of the war . Frontal assaults were also the cause of massive casualties in the trench warfare of World War I . In many cases , frontal assaults were made by thousands of men towards trenches defended by machine gun emplacements , artillery and barbed wire with predictable and tragic results .
Glarentza Glarentza ( ) is a medieval city located next to the location of today ' s Kyllini in Elis , Greece . Glarentza , a corruption of Clarentia or Clarence , was an important city , mint and port during Frankish rule in the Peloponnese . It was built by the Villehardouin s of the Principality of Achaea in the location of ancient Cyllene during the 13th century . The importance of the city is shown by the fact that the " tornesel " , the currency used of the principality of Achaea , bore the legend DE CLARENTIA and later DE CLARENCIA . The Tornese was introduced into the Principality of Achaea by Robert of Courtenay and Geoffrey II of Villehardouin . Glarentza ' s port and its castle were strengthened by the Chlemoutsi fortress in the same area . Glarentza was located 5 to 6 km from Chlemoutsi and 12 to 13 km from Andravida . The city is mentioned in sources of that period with different names as Grarentza ( Γραρέντζα ) , Klarenza ( Κλαρένζα ) , Klarentsa ( Κλαρέντσα ) , Klorenstia ( Κλορένστια ) and Kiofentsa ( Κιοφέντσα ) . Several sources of information on Glarentza are to be found in the Chronicle of Morea , which mentions Klarentza ( Κλαρέντζα ) ( the most closest restitution in Greek of CLARENTIA ) , around 20 times In the beginning of the 15th century the whole principality declined in wealth , and Glarentza passed into the possession of the Tocco family . It subsequently changed hands several times , passing between the princes of Achaea , the Catalans and once again the Byzantines . In 1430 , Constantine Palaeologus tore down the wall to make the fortress untenable . After the establishment of Ottoman rule in Morea and almost the rest of Greece , Glarentza lost its main asset and the location of the most important port . The economic focus of the region was shifted to Patras and Katakolo . Some believe that Glarentza gave its name to the royal English title the Duke of Clarence ( see footnote there ) . An alternative view is that the Dukedom gets its name from the town of Clare , Suffolk . Glarentza is also mentioned in " Zitiano " by Andreas Karkavitsas .
Castra Martis Castra Martis ( ) was a Roman fortress ( castra ) in the Roman province of Dacia ripensis on the modern site of Kula , in Vidin Province in Bulgaria . It used to protect the road through Vrashka Chuka pass in the western Balkan mountains . In 408 , the Huns under Uldin took control of the site during an attack on the Eastern Roman Empire , apparently by treachery . Castra Martis Hill on Livingston Island , in the South Shetland Islands , West Antarctica , is named after it .
Benton Fletcher Major George Henry Benton Fletcher ( 1866 - 1944 ) was a collector of early keyboard instruments such as virginals , clavichord s , harpsichord s and spinnet s . He was also involved in social work , and dug as an archaeologist alongside Flinders Petrie . He originally housed his instrumental collection at Old Devonshire House in Bloomsbury . He gave the collection to the National Trust in 1937 and in 1939 moved most of it out to safety in the Cotswolds until 1945 . What remained at Old Devonshire House was lost when it was bombed in the Blitz . From 1945 to 1952 , the 19 evacuated instruments were housed temporarily at 3 Cheyne Walk in Chelsea , before being moved to their present home at Fenton House in Hampstead . The Trust maintains a balance between Fletcher ' s request that the instruments be played ( music students can audition to use them , and a CD is available of music played on them ) and their long - term preservation . Fletcher became an Honorary Captain in the 1st Cadet Battalion , Queen ' s Royal West Surrey Regiment in 1890 . He was later also commissioned a Second Lieutenant the 3rd ( Militia ) Battalion , Sherwood Foresters , and was promoted Lieutenant in 1893 and Captain in 1895 . He served as adjutant of the cadet battalion from 1896 to 1903 , except for a period of service as a Railway Staff Officer in the Boer War in 1900 . He resigned his commission as a Major in 1909 , but rejoined the battalion as a recruiting officer in 1914 on the outbreak of the First World War . In 1915 he transferred to the General List as a Railway Transport Officer , serving until 1920 .
Chinese gunboat Tsao - kiang Tsao Kiang ( ) was a 640 - ton wooden ( according to other sources : 600 - ton composite - hulled ) gunboat , launched in 1869 by Jiangnan Shipyard , Shanghai , for the Nanyang Fleet . Acquired in 1872 for Zhili by Li Hongzhang it served with Beiyang Fleet as a governor ' s yacht . During the opening naval battle of the First Sino - Japanese War , " Tsao Kiang " was captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser during the Battle of Pungdo on 25 July 1894 . Commissioned into the Japanese Navy as a prize of war on 21 September 1894 , it was used as a patrol boat along the coastline of Korea during the remainder of that conflict . The ship was renamed " Sōkō " , based on the Japanese pronunciation of her original name . On 21 March 1898 , " Sōkō " was de - rated to a second - class gunboat , and was used for surveys of the Kurile Islands in Japan ' s northern waters . On 22 May 1903 , " Sōkō " ran aground in Muroran harbor , but was refloated on 9 July . On 26 October , she was transferred from the Imperial Japanese Navy to the control of the Japanese Home Ministry , and was used as a guard boat in Kobe . In 1924 , she was sold off by the Japanese government to a private buyer in Nishinomiya , Hyogo and continued to be used as a civilian transport under the name " Sōkō Maru " until 1964 .
M8 Greyhound The M8 Greyhound was designed to be a tank - hunter ended up being used as armored car for the recognition due to weak arms . Nevertheless , it was popular for being robust and reliable . Mass - produced ( more than 11 . 000 in three years ) was also used by England and Brazil . Description . The combat car M8 Greyhound armored 6x6 vehicle produced by Ford Motor Company and was used by the Americans and British in Europe and the Far East until the war ended . The M8 was widely exported and the UK he was known as Greyhound . In July 1941 an order was issued to develop a new vehicle to replace the M6 Gun Motor Carriage . The application asked for a 6x6 vehicle armed with a 37mm gun , a machine gun mounted in the turret and another mounted on the front . The armor would withstand shots from a . 50 machine gun and withstand shots from a . 30 caliber machine gun on the side . Prototypes were made by Studebaker ( T21 ) , Ford ( T22 ) and Chrysler ( T23 ) , were all similar in design and appearance . In April 1942 the T22 was chosen . Soon , it became clear that the 37mm gun would not be effective against German tanks , so the M8 was designed for reconnaissance missions . Emissions of contracts and delayed the project enhancements in mass production by March 1943 . The production was closed in June 1945 and a total of 8 , 523 units were produced . About 1 , 000 units were supplied to France , England and Brazil . The crew consisted of four men when they were a commander who also served as recharging the main gun , a sniper , a driver and radio operator . The driver and radio operator were in front of the vehicle while the commander and the gunner were in the tower . The vehicle was carrying 80 37mm cartridges and equipped with a radio . Vehicles equipped with two radios carried only 16 cartridges of 37mm but some modifications could increase that number to 40 . The machine gun ammunition was around 1500 cartridges , 400 rounds of . 30 and . 50 . M1 Garand rifles were also carried for the crew , hand grenades and antitank mines . The first use of the M8 was in Italy in 1943 . Later the vehicle was used against Japanese tanks , as they were vulnerable against its 37mm gun . The car was very fast , well armed and armored for reconnaissance missions . But the cavalry units complained about its performance off - road that was worse than the M3A1 , M8 car that replaced it . In the mountainous terrain of Italy and northern European snow at the M8 was restricted to connecting roads , which prejudivaca its recognition function . The vehicle was very vulnerable to mines and an extra armor kit was produced for him . Another problem is that sometimes it was used for fire support missions and were very vulnerable to weapon Germans . In 1943 ( the same year that it entered in production ) the United States began seeking a replacement for the M8 , the Studebaker T - 27 and Chevrolet T - 28 , both were superior to the M8 Greyhound but as the war was almost over , the U . S . Army decided to remain in service , retiring it soon after the Korean War .
669th Radar Squadron The 669th Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 27th Air Division , Aerospace Defense Command , stationed at Lompoc Air Force Station , California . It was discontinued on 18 June 1968 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Lineage . Assignments Stations
Halifax Armoury In the Canadian Forces , an armoury is a place where a reserve unit trains , meets , and parades . The armoury is currently the home base of 1st ( Halifax - Dartmouth ) Field Artillery Regiment , The Princess Louise Fusiliers , and several other reserve units . The building remains an active military structure . Architecture . The armoury was designed in 1895 by Chief Dominion Architect Thomas Fuller , and was opened the next year and work on the structure was completed in 1899 . While the exterior is based on a medieval castle , it was actually one of the most advanced structures of its day . It was pioneering in its use of a series of Fink truss es to create a large interior space with no columns or walls , and is today the oldest surviving example of a such a building . It was also one of the first buildings in Halifax to be lit by electricity . The Halifax Armoury is a prominent and historic structure in central Halifax Nova Scotia . History . It has played an important part in many Canadian wars , being an important transit point for soldiers before departing by ship for the Boer War and both World War s . After the Halifax Explosion the armoury provided shelter for many who had lost their homes . The building was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1989 . In 1991 , it was listed as a Classified Federal Heritage Building .
Emmanouil Miaoulis Emmanouil Miaoulis ( , 1812 - 1871 ) was a Greek naval officer . He was born in the island of Hydra in 1812 , the son of Andreas Vokos Miaoulis , who became the leader of the Greek navies in the Greek War of Independence . As a member of the renowned Hydriot Miaoulis family , a naval career came naturally to him . He was enrolled into the Royal Hellenic Navy and achieved the rank of Captain , and the post of commander of the Poros Naval Base . He died in 1871 . The painter Nikolaos Vokos was his son .
Charles Arthur Mander Sir Charles Arthur Mander , 2nd Baronet JP , DL , TD ( 25 June 1884 – 25 January 1951 ) was a public servant , philanthropist , and manufacturer , as managing director of Mander Brothers , the family paint , varnish and inks business established in 1773 . Charles Arthur Mander , of Kilsall Hall , Tong , Shropshire , was the elder son of Charles Tertius by Mary Le Mesurier , daughter of Henry Nicholas Paint , a Member of the Dominion Parliament of Canada . He was educated at Hillbrow School in Rugby , Eton College and Trinity College , Cambridge , where he read Natural Sciences . He shot in the English rifle team , and was in the winning eight for the Elcho Shield while still at Cambridge . He served as a major in the Staffordshire Yeomanry ( Queen ' s Own Royal Regiment ) in World War I , attached to the Yeomanry Mounted Division in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . He was wounded in the Battle of Gaza at Beersheba in 1917 , and following the decisive battle of Megiddo entered Damascus in triumph with General Allenby . Extracts from his lively journals describing one of the last great cavalry campaigns were published in " Varnished Leaves " ( 2004 ) . He was twice mayor of Wolverhampton and chairman of the Borough finance committee for a generation , and was awarded the honorary freedom of the borough . He was an active industrialist , when Mander Brothers was progressive in labour relations , and was the first company in Britain to introduce the 40 - hour week . He served on over 65 committees and organisations at one time , was in demand as a public speaker on both sides of the Atlantic , and chaired some of the first radio discussion programmes . Among many positions , he was Vice - Chairman of the National Savings Committee and President of Rotary International for Britain and Ireland . In the USA , he was made Chief Red Crow , an honorary title of the Blackfoot tribe in Montana , where he gave the dedication address of the Waterton - Glacier International Peace Park , the first national park to be dedicated to world peace , in June 1932 . He married Monica , daughter of George Harding Neame , of Kent and London , by whom he had three children . He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his only son , Charles Marcus Mander ( 1921 – 2006 ) . External links . county
USS Chesapeake ( ID - 3395 ) The third USS " Chesapeake " ( ID - 3395 ) was a United States Navy salvage ship in commission from March to October 1919 . SS " Chesapeake " was built in 1900 as a commercial cargo ship at Wilmington , Delaware , by Harlan and Hollingsworth . The U . S . Navy ' s Third Naval District inspected her at New York City on 28 March 1918 for possible World War I service . The Navy purchased her on 31 August 1918 , assigned her Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 3395 , fitted her out at New York City as a salvage ship , and commissioned her as USS " Chesapeake " on 22 March 1919 with Lieutenant M . C . Kent in command . " Chesapeake " departed New York on 12 May 1919 bound for Brest , France , where she joined the First Salvage Division supporting U . S . Naval Forces Operating in European Waters , caring for the many ships engaged in supporting the Army of Occupation and other post - World War I American military activities in Europe . In August 1919 nshe joined the force clearing the North Sea of the North Sea Mine Barrage , the vast minefields laid during World War I , in an operation almost as intricate and dangerous as the original minelaying had been . " Chesapeake " ferried various minesweeping equipment and supplies from Brest and Liverpool , England , to Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands , where the minesweeping operations were based . " Chesapeake " was decommissioned at Brest on 25 October 1919 and later sold there to a British salvage firm .
Sloosh Sloosh was a form of cornbread that was popular during the American Civil War , especially among Confederate soldiers . Civil war historian Shelby Foote described it as a mixture of cornmeal , lard or bacon , water and egg formed around a rifle ramrod and cooked over a campfire .
155th Pennsylvania Infantry The 155th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a Federal infantry regiment that served in the American Civil War in the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater . Recruits from the Pittsburgh area organized at Camp Copeland from September 2 – 19 , 1862 , into the 155th Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry . Edward J . Allen served as the first colonel . After initial training and drilling , the regiment moved via train to Washington , D . C . where it joined the 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division of the Union Fifth Corps . It moved to Sharpsburg , Maryland , after the Battle of Antietam and then first saw combat in December 1862 at the Battle of Fredericksburg , where the color guard suffered very high casualties in an ill - fated assault . During their first years the regiment wore the regulation uniform of the Union Army , but in 1863 they , along with the 140th New York and 146th New York received Zouave uniforms . The three regiments were each given a different style Zouave uniform that varied in color . The 140th New York received a predominately dark blue traditional style Zouave uniform with red trim while the 146th New York was given a light blue uniform with yellow trim that resembled that worn by the French Tirailleur s or " Turcos " of Crimean War fame . The 155th Pennsylvania however received a unique Zouave uniform in a style never before created . It consisted of a French blue ( not dark blue ) Zouave jacket with yellow trim featuring very large yellow " tombeaus " ( a stylized false pocket on the front of the jacket ) . A departure from the usual styled jacket was an inside false vest . A red Zouave sash with yellow trim , French Blue Zouave pantaloons , a red Zouave fez with yellow trim and a dark blue tassle completed the uniform . Slight variations in jacket styles can be seen in the unit ' s regimental history entitled " Under the Maltese Cross " published in 1910 . The 155th Pennsylvania along with the 140th New York and the 146th New York became the " Zouave Brigade " in the Army of the Potomac ' s Fifth Corps . The a brigade would later grow with the addition of the 5th New York . See also . List of Pennsylvania Civil War regiments
SS Cleveland The SS " Cleveland " was a steam - powered ship that ran in the early 1900s . It was operated by the Hamburg America Line as a cargo and passenger ship between the United States and Germany , and brought many immigrants to the US from Germany during that time . The SS " Cleveland " was built by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg , Germany in 1908 , being 588 feet long , 65 feet wide , and measuring 16 , 960 gross tons [ another source states , ] . She was the sister ship to the SS " Cincinnati " . With twin - screw propellers and quadruple - expansion steam engines , the maximum speed was 16 knots . The passenger capacity was 239 first - class , 224 second - class , 496 third - class , and 1 , 882 steerage . Her maiden voyage was in 1909 , leaving from Hamburg , Germany on 26 March and arriving in the port of New York City on 8 April . The " Cleveland " was involved in a collision on 12 January 1912 with the USS " Colorado " which was moored in Honolulu , Hawaii . As the " Cleveland " was being moved , harbor pilot Milton P . Sanders suddenly dropped dead . Control of the " Cleveland " was not maintained , resulting in collision with and moderate damage to the " Colorado " . Service was suspended during World War I , during which " Cleveland " was kept at Hamburg . After that , the " Cleveland " was seized by the United States Government under Germany ' s reparations for the war , and in 1919 it was renamed USS " Mobile " ( ID - 4030 ) . In 1920 the ship was purchased by the Byron Steamship company based in London , England for use in cruises between New York and the Mediterranean . The name was changed a second time to King Alexander . The ship was sold again in 1923 to United States Lines , again being renamed back to the original " Cleveland " and used for passage between Hamburg and New York . Finally , the " Cleveland " was purchased back by the Hamburg America Line in 1926 ; its use continued until she was retired in 1931 , and later disassembled for scrap in 1933 in Hamburg .
Enrico Millo Enrico Millo ( February 12 , 1865 - June 14 , 1930 ) was an Italian admiral and politician . As a military commander , he led the raid against the Turkish navy in the Dardanelles . Life . Born in Chiavari , Province of Genoa , in 1884 he was named guardiamarina in 1884 . He participated as navy officer in the campaigns of Italy in the Horn of Africa and with the rank of Capitano di Vascello he led the raid of 5 Italians torpedo boats against the Turkish fleet on 18 July 1912 during Italo - Turkish War . After the expedition , Millo was named senator by king Victor Emanuel III senator ; later he was minister for the navy in the fourth government cabinet headed by Giolitti and in the first headed by Antonio Salandra . During World War I he held some command post in the Italian navy . After World War I he was named governor of the Dalmatia . From 1923 to 1925 he held managerial position in the company that owned the harbour of Napoli . He died in Rome in 1930 . Ships . A submarine in the " Cagni " class was entitled to him during World War II .
Michael J . Nardotti , Jr . Major General Michael Joseph Nardotti , Jr . , USA ( born April 30 , 1947 ) is an American lawyer and retired Army officer . He served as the Judge Advocate General of the United States Army from 1993 to 1997 .