naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tett turret The Tett turret is a type of hardened field fortification built in Britain during the invasion crisis of 1940 – 1941 . It was a small circular pillbox named after its inventor H . L . Tett and manufactured as a private commercial venture by Burbridge Builders Ltd of Surrey . It comprised a revolving concrete turret mounted on a ball race that allowed it to be turned easily . The turret was set above a pit ; in early designs , the pit was formed by a standard section of concrete pipe in diameter . The turret was a high truncated cone of reinforced concrete weighting with a single embrasure and several spy holes . The design had a number of advantages . Compared with a conventional pillbox , it used relatively little concrete and steel , it was easy to conceal and being largely prefabricated it could be quickly installed . Because the turrets could be rotated , a group of soldiers in turrets could all bring their weapons to bear on an enemy whereas the same soldiers in a conventional pillbox might only be able to fire from one or two embrasures . In addition , it was relatively cheap at just £18 for the turret assembly [ equivalent to £ in ] . However , the War Office judged the Tett turret to be too cramped and not bulletproof against heavy fire , its isolated nature did not allow adequate command and control and the open top was vulnerable to a well - thrown grenade . The most striking feature was that the only way in and out was through the top – there was no way to escape without being exposed to enemy fire – it was to be a fight to the death . Burbridge went back to the drawing board and came up with a new version that instead of being positioned over a pipe was placed on a concrete slab over an underground chamber of brick or concrete slabs . This allowed access from a tunnel or slit trench to the rear . The company ' s brochure shows a wooden seat suspended from the turret by a metal frame . Burbridge also proposed that the turret be mounted on improvised armoured vehicles such as the Armadillo and the Bison concrete armoured lorry . Despite initial enthusiasm by those who saw the design , Burbridge had difficulty getting orders for substantial numbers and consequently , amid wartime shortages and restrictions , could not get even the modest amounts of steel and concrete required to manufacture many turrets . In November 1940 , they received an order for just four turrets and even these could not be delivered until February 1941 . Eventually , the company manufactured 100 turrets , but only sold 31 of them . Only six sites are recorded in the Defence of Britain database . Today , extant examples are very rare . Two Tett turrets can easily been seen at RAF Hornchurch which is now Hornchurch Country Park . These known Tett turrets were examined closely for the BBC series " Two Men in a Trench " . During filming , three previously unrecognised turrets were discovered in the undergrowth .
Sukanya - class patrol vessel The " Sukanya " - class patrol vessels are large , offshore patrol craft in active service with the Indian Navy . Three lead ships were built by Korea Tacoma , now part of Hanjin Group . Vessels of the " Sukanya " class are named after notable women from Indian epics . Description . The " Sukanya " class have large hulls , although they are lightly armed since they are utilized primarily for offshore patrol of India ' s exclusive economic zone . However , they are capable of being heavily armed and upgraded to light frigates should the need arise . Two vessels of the class , and have been used as test beds for installation of the Dhanush ship - based ballistic missile launch system . This includes the stabilization platform for enabling the ships to launch the missiles in stormy conditions .
3rd Arkansas Cavalry 3rd Arkansas Cavalry ( 1861 – 1865 ) was a Confederate Army cavalry regiment from Arkansas during the American Civil War . At the outbreak of hostilities between the north and south , Arkansas began raising troops to serve in the Confederate Army . The state raised some 48 infantry regiments , along with several cavalry regiments and artillery batteries . The 3rd Arkansas Cavalry was first organized in Little Rock , Arkansas on June 10 , 1861 , by former senator and soldier Solon Borland . Borland , who was at the time serving as a state militia commander for Northern Arkansas , was initially named a Colonel of the regiment . However , that post was " elected " by the members of the regiment , and Borland was not reelected in May 1861 . On July 27 , 1861 , the regiment was mustered into the Confederate Army for one years service which they later extended , and sent to Corinth , Mississippi , but without Borland . Borland by this time had been replaced by Colonel Samuel G . Earle . The regiment was placed under the command of Major General Joseph Wheeler , and later became a part of the Army of Mississippi . They saw their first real battle action on October 3 and 4 , 1862 at the Second Battle of Corinth , where Lieutenant Colonel Anson W . Hobson was wounded in both arms , with the regiment as a whole suffering heavy casualties . The very next day , on October 5 , 1862 , they fought in the Battle of Hatchie ' s Bridge . They saw considerable combat action in the months that followed . On March 5 , 1863 , Col . Earle was killed in action near Thompson ' s Station , Tennessee . He was replaced by newly promoted Col . Anson W . Hobson . The regiment took part in the Knoxville Campaign , the Atlanta Campaign , and fought at the Battle of Bentonville . They surrendered with the Army of Tennessee on April 26 , 1865 .
Dennis R . Larsen Dennis R . Larsen was a Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force . Career . Larsen joined the Air Force in 1971 . His commands included the 49th Fighter Wing , the 363d Air Expeditionary Wing , and the Thirteenth Air Force . In 2005 he was named Vice Commander of the Air Education and Training Command . His retirement was effective as of September 1 , 2007 . Awards he has received include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters , the Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Air Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Aerial Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Combat Readiness Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal , the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , and the Korea Defense Service Medal .
Kale borroka Kale borroka ( , " Street Fighting " ) refers to urban guerrilla actions carried out by Basque nationalist youth who are integrated into the " abertzale left " . Along with ETA , the kale borroka is the only remaining armed faction of Basque nationalists in the Basque Conflict . Their tactics include : attacking offices of Spanish parties , especially the Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party and People ' s Party , but also other parties such as Basque Nationalist Party and Navarrese People ' s Union , attacking the property of people linked to these groups ( burning cars , attacking housing ) , attacking and destroying ATMs , attacking bank offices , buses , and rioting at demonstrations , using molotov cocktail s , burning trash containers , etc . During ETA ' s ceasefire from March 2006 to 2007 , the " kale borroka " did not cease , but it has been decreasing since it peaked in the mid 1990s .
13th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry The 13th Kansas Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 13th Kansas Infantry was organized on September 10 , 1862 at Camp Stanton in Atchison , Kansas . It mustered in on September 20 , 1862 for three years under the command of Colonel Thomas Mead Bowen . The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , Army of the Frontier , Department of Missouri , to February 1863 . District of Southwest Missouri , Department of Missouri , to June 1863 . District of the Frontier , Department of Missouri , to December 1863 . 3rd Brigade , District of the Frontier , Department of Missouri , to January 1864 . 3rd Brigade , District of the Frontier , VII Corps , Department of Arkansas , to February 1865 . 1st Brigade , 3rd Division , VII Corps , February 1865 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , VII Corps , February 1865 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , VII Corps , to June 1865 . The 13th Kansas Infantry mustered out at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas on June 26 , 1865 and was discharged on July 13 , 1865 . Detailed service . Action at Newtonia , Mo . , September 29 , 1862 . Occupation of Newtonia October 4 . March to Old Fort Wayne , arriving October 29 . Cane Hill November 28 . Battle of Prairie Grove , Ark . , December 7 . Expedition over Boston Mountains to Van Buren , Ark . , Dec . 27 - 31 . Capture of Van Buren December 29 . March to Springfield , Mo . , January 7 , 1863 , and duty there until May . March to Fort Scott , Kan . , May 19 – 29 , thence to Drywood , and duty there until August . Blunt ' s Campaign August 3 – 31 . Capture of Fort Smith . To Webber Falls , Cherokee Nation , arriving August 31 , and duty there until September 15 . March to Scullyville , Cherokee Nation , and outpost and scout duty there until October 1 . March to Van Buren , Ark . , and duty there until February 1865 . ( Companies B , E , and F on garrison duty at Fort Smith March 1864 to February 1865 . ) Companies A , C , D , G , H , and I ordered to Little Rock February 3 , 1865 and provost and garrison duty there until June 1865 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 129 men during service ; 3 officers and 19 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 1 officer and 106 enlisted men died of disease .
Ilya Starinov Colonel Ilya Grigoryevich Starinov ( ) ( July 20 ( N . S . August 2 ) , 1900 , village of Voynovo , today ' s Oryol Oblast - November 18 , 2000 ) was a Soviet military officer . He served with the Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War and was one of the leaders of the Soviet partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 . He is known as the " grandfather of the Russian spetsnaz " . Primary conception of strategy and tactic of application of the special forces real belongs to the Russian military theorist Michael Svechnykov ( Stalin killed him in 1938 ) , and could to starting from the bold dream about victory in an unequal fight because had dependence with Russian military traditional readiness to the unequal fight , but practical realization was begun by the " grandfather of the Russian spetsnaz " Ilya Starinov . They were like - minded persons .
Vito Miceli Vito Miceli ( 6 January 1916 – 1 December 1990 ) was an Italian general and politician . He was chief of the SIOS ( Servizio Informazioni ) , Italian Army Intelligence ' s Service from 1969 and SID ' s head from October 18 , 1970 to 1974 . A member of the masonic Propaganda Due , he later became deputy for the neo - fascist Italian Social Movement ( 1976 - 1987 ) . Vito Miceli was arrested in October 1974 on charges of " political conspiracy " concerning investigations about the Golpe Borghese " coup " attempt . He was acquitted of any wrongdoing in 1978 . Miceli also received money in the 1972 from the United States embassy in Rome . Ambassador Graham Martin turned $ 800 , 000 over to Miceli , with approval of the director of the National Security Council , Henry Kissinger , over the objections of the CIA Rome station chief . It is unknown how Miceli spent the money . In 1977 , Italian secret services were reorganized with parliamentary oversight . With law # 801 of 24 / 10 / 1977 , SID was divided into SISMI ( " Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare " ) , SISDE ( " Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Democratica " ) and CESIS ( " Comitato Esecutivo per i Servizi di Informazione e Sicurezza " ) . The CESIS has a coordination role , led by the President of Council . Furthermore , the Italian Parliamentary Committee on Secret services control was created .
Halfaya Pass Halfaya Pass ( , known colloquially as Hellfire Pass ) is located in Egypt , near the border with Libya . A high escarpment extends south eastwards from the Egyptian - Libyan border at the coast at as - Salum ( or " Saloum , Solum , Sollum " ) , with the scarp slope facing into Egypt . Halfaya Pass is about two miles inland from the Mediterranean and provides a natural route through . The escarpment is known as ' ( ' ) " great ascent " . To El - Edrisi it was known as ( " " ) " graded ascent " , whence the modern name of the gulf and the town of Salum . In antiquity it was known as " Catabathamus Magnus " . It was considered as marking the boundary between Africa and Asia in Hellenistic geography . It separated the provinces of Aegyptus and Marmarica . World War II . In World War II , the engineered route up the escarpment had been destroyed and the pass had great strategic importance . The only ways westwards into Libya were to assault the pass or to out - flank it to the south . After the defeat of the Italian 10th Army on 7 February 1941 during Operation Compass , the Italians were reinforced by German units ( Afrika Korps under Erwin Rommel ) and the British forces were forced out of Libya , leaving a besieged garrison at Tobruk . On 14 April 1941 . Rommel ' s main force reached Sollum on the Egyptian border and occupied the Halfaya Pass . There were several allied attempts to recapture the Halfaya Pass and relieve Tobruk . The first attempt , on 15 May , was Operation Brevity . Rommel counter - attacked ; the British withdrew and by 27 May the Germans had recaptured Halfaya Pass , a passage of time in which Major Edward Thomas earned his Military Cross . Supply shortages obliged the Germans to curtail their advance , so they dug in and fortified their positions at Halfaya with 88 millimetre guns . This was the anchor for the Axis positions , which opposed the Allied forces during the next allied attack — Operation Battleaxe on 15 June . German armour was deployed to draw the British tanks ( 11th Hussars ) onto the concealed 88mm guns and the first wave was cut down in a few minutes ( 11 out of 12 tank s were destroyed ) , earning the pass the nickname " Hellfire Pass " . The allied commander , Major Miles , was last heard on the radio reporting , " They are tearing my tanks apart . " The third attempt , Operation Crusader opened on 18 November , with a direct attack on Halfaya Pass and an attempt to outflank Rommel to the south and relieve Tobruk . This was done on 29 November . Rommel , now under pressure , withdrew to El Agheila . Halfaya Pass was the location of the accidental death of Major - General ' Jock ' Campbell ( VC ) , then commander of the British 7th Armoured Division . On 26 February 1942 , a month after assuming command , his staff car skidded on a newly laid clay road surface , killing him outright .
Peter Johnson ( Medal of Honor ) Peter Johnson ( born December 29 , 1857 ) was a fireman first class serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Johnson was born December 29 , 1857 in Sumerland , England and after entering the navy he was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Potomac as a Fireman First Class . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Fireman First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 29 December 1857 , Sumerland , England . Accredited to : Pennsylvania . G . O . No . : 167 , 27 August 1904 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Vixen on the night of 28 May 1898 . Following the explosion of the lower front manhole gasket of boiler A of the vessel , Johnson displayed great coolness and self - possession in entering the fireroom .
Patrick Carr Patrick Francis Carr was an early Irish immigrant to the United States as well as the fifth and final victim of the Boston Massacre . He was buried on March 17 , 1770 , two weeks after the aforementioned event occurred , in the Granary Burying Ground , one of Boston ' s oldest burial grounds . Carr ' s role in the Boston Massacre is relatively minor . He was not involved in the events which precipitated the British soldiers ' firing on the crowd . However , his deathbed account of the event is regarded as the most important piece of evidence exonerating the eight defendants of murder charges . Carr testified that the soldiers were provoked by the crowd and that the soldiers were much more restrained against the colonists compared to their usual tactics against the people of his native country of Ireland . He claimed that the Boston mob began to throw dangerous projectiles , and that the soldiers fired their musket s in self - defense . The testimony of Samuel Hemmingway is reprinted below : When Justices Edmund Trowbridge and Peter Oliver instructed the jury , Oliver specifically addressed Carr ' s testimony , stating : " this Carr was not upon oath , it is true , but you will determine whether a man just stepping into eternity is not to be believed , especially in favor of a set of men by whom he had lost his life " . Carr ' s testimony is one of the earliest recorded uses of the dying declaration exception to the inadmissibility of hearsay evidence in United States legal code . Carr ' s deathbed testimony was used by defense attorney , and future US President , John Adams to exonerate six of the eight defendants on all charges . The other two defendants had their conviction charges reduced from murder to manslaughter . Adams was further able to circumvent mandated capital punishment for manslaughter through " benefit of clergy " laws . The two soldiers were subsequently branded on their right thumbs . When Carr ' s evidence was determined admissible by the court , Samuel Adams was purported to be outraged . Adams proclaimed that Carr ' s testimony could not be trusted , since Carr had been Roman Catholic .
William Gregg ( VC ) William Gregg VC DCM MM ( 27 January 1890 – 10 August 1969 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 28 years old , and a sergeant in the 13th Battalion , The Rifle Brigade ( Prince Consort ' s Own ) , British Army during the First World War when he performed a deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 6 May 1918 at Bucquoy , France , when all the officers of Sergeant Gregg ' s company had been hit during an attack on an enemy outpost , he took command , rushing two enemy posts , killing some of the gun teams , taking prisoners and capturing a machine - gun . He then started to consolidate his position until driven back by a counter - attack , but as reinforcements had by now come up , he led a charge , personally bombed a hostile machine - gun , killed the crew and captured the gun . When driven back again , he led another successful attack and held on to his position until ordered to withdraw . Further information . He later achieved the rank of company sergeant - major and served in World War II with the Sherwood Foresters . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum in Winchester , England . Local Honours . William lived in Heanor , Derbyshire , and as testament to his deeds of gallantry when the town ' s new swimming baths were built in 1970 they were named the ' William Gregg V . C Swimming Baths ' in his honour . That recognition was continued when the facilities were extended and privatised in 2009 - 10 as the ' William Gregg V . C . Leisure Centre .
Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway The Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway was a pre - grouping railway company that served part of south Shropshire . Everard Calthrop was appointed Consulting Engineer in 1900 , responsible for surveying the route and preparing the construction plans , and the line opened in 1908 . The line had a junction with the Wyre Forest line of the Great Western Railway ( GWR ) at Cleobury Mortimer and was absorbed into the GWR in 1922 . After 30 years of passengers services , the line closed just before the start of World War II . The line was then used by the Royal Navy which had a Royal Naval Armaments Depot ( RNAD ) at the end of line at RNAD Ditton Priors . The railway finally closed in 1960 . Route . Cleobury Mortimer - Cleobury Town - Stottesdon - Burwarton - Ditton Priors . An extension was proposed , running east from Stottesdon to Billingsley . Three possible extensions were proposed from Ditton Priors : east to Bridgnorth ; north east to Coalport ; north to Presthope ( near Much Wenlock ) . None of the extensions was actually built . Locomotives . The line had two locomotives , both 0 - 6 - 0 saddle tanks built by Manning Wardle and these became GWR numbers 28 and 29 . They were rebuilt by the GWR with new boilers and pannier tanks , after which they bore a strong resemblance to the GWR 1366 Class . Other locomotives used on the line included GWR 2021 Class nos . 2101 and 2144 and GWR 1600 Class no . 1661 . Following the opening of the RNAD at Ditton Priors , the steam locomotives were fitted with spark arrestor s but , after the arrival of RNAD diesel locomotive s , they did not enter the armaments depot . The steam locomotive was taken off the goods train at Cleobury North ( just south of Ditton Priors ) and the wagons were drawn into the depot by an RNAD diesel locomotive . Three " flameproof " diesel locomotives of 165 bhp were supplied to RNAD Ditton Priors by Ruston and Hornsby between 1952 and 1955 . A similar machine " Francis Baily of Thatcham " ( ex - RAF Welford ) is preserved at Southall Railway Centre . Before the Rustons , a Planet diesel locomotive is believed to have been used but its dates of arrival and departure are not known . Royal Naval Armaments Depot . The depot , which had 25 magazines and four stores for naval mines , opened in 1941 around Brown Clee Hill . The buildings were camouflaged and served by rail siding s . Trains and their dangerous cargo could then be loaded and unloaded inside . In 1960 the railway line was finally closed but the Royal Navy continued to use Ditton Priors until 1965 . The following year the depot was taken over by US forces that had left France following the French withdrawal from NATO ' s military structure . The depot finally closed in 1968 . The site today . Parts of the site are now occupied by an industrial estate and fireworks factory . Many of the original buildings have new uses . Land adjacent to the defunct railway line was sold off by the MOD in 1971 . Ten farms have been created in this area .