naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
VMSB - 245 Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 243 ( VMSB - 243 ) was a dive bomber squadron in the United States Marine Corps . The squadron , also known as the “ Red Mousie Squadron ” , fought in World War II . They were deactivated on November 17 , 1945 , shortly after the end of the war . History . VMSB - 245 was commissioned at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro on September 15 , 1943 . After training for a few months , the squadron deployed to Marine Corps Air Station Ewa , Hawaii arriving there on December 31 , 1942 . On January 5 , 1944 , they moved to Midway Atoll to conduct anti - submarine patrol duty . They returned to MCAS Ewa on April 1 , 1944 . On May 5 , 1944 , the squadron left Hawaii on board the USS " Copahee " headed for Majuro where they arrived on May 15 . Later in the same month , they moved to Makin Atoll from which they conducted combat operations against bypassed Japan ese garrisons in the Marshall Islands from June 1 until October 29 , 1944 . Late October saw the squadron move back to Majuro where they continued carrying out strikes . March 1945 saw the squadron move again , this time to Ulithi where they remained until the end of the war . VMSB - 245 was deactivated on November 17 , 1945 .
Evolutionary Air and Space Global Laser Engagement The Evolutionary Air and space Global Laser Engagement ( EAGLE ) is a missile defence plan being developed by the United States Air Force . The project is a combination of two separate missile defense efforts : the Aerospace Relay Mirror System and a new , high - altitude airship . The project is designed as a means to destroy enemy missile s before they would have the opportunity to hit targets on American soil . It involves using either ground - based , air - based or space - based lasers deflected off a massive airship ( roughly 25 times the size of the Goodyear blimp ) covered in mirrors that could destroy missiles but also satellites or spacecraft in a low - earth orbit . The first tests of the airship were scheduled to begin in 2006 . Its current status as of 2011 is unknown .
Multan Heavy Water Production Facility The Multan Heavy Water Production Facility is a small heavy water production plant , located in Multan , Punjab , Pakistan , with an original annual capacity of 13 metric tons . Equipment for the plant was partly obtained from Belgium in 1980 . Official information about Multan is classified and not available to the public and media . What is publicly known is based on intelligence reports published by various intelligence agencies . The Multan facility , like some but not all other nuclear facilities in Pakistan , is not subject to International Atomic Energy Agency inspection . Security of the site and its inventory is professed by the Pakistani government . Historical background . In 1960 , then Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ( PAEC ) chairman Dr . Nazir Ahmed made a proposal to the chairman of Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation ( PIDC ) for the construction of a heavy water plant with production capacity of 50 kg of heavy water per day at Multan , in conjunction with a planned fertilizer factory . However , the PIDC did not immediately act on the PAEC ' s proposal . Dr . Ishrat Hussain Usmani was head of the PAEC when construction of the plant began . The plant was constructed indigenously by PAEC and financed by Pak Arab Fertilizer ( PAF ) . Construction of the plant began in 1962 . Investment finance was provided by PAF during the 1960s . The plant was expanded in 1978 . Project management was headed by PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan . Two further plants were designed and constructed under the guidance of Munir Ahmad Khan . Fertilizer plant . The largest installation on the site is a fertilizer factory with an annual output capacity of between 140 , 000 and 117 , 000 tons of ammonium nitrate , while a smaller fertilizer plant has an annual output capacity of 43 , 000 tons of urea . In 1998 , the Government of Pakistan decided to privatize PAF , which had previously been managed by the National Fertilizer Corporation ( NFC ) . The Agriculture Engineering Institution was at the time affiliated with PAF .
Petar Gračanin Petar Gračanin ( Serbian Cyrillic : Петар Грачанин ; 22 June 1923 in Jagodina , Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes – 27 June 2004 in Belgrade , Serbia and Montenegro ) - Serbian military commander . In July 1941 he joined the Yugoslav Partisans . After the formation of the 2nd Proletarian Brigade , in March 1942 , at first he was a member and later the commander of a battalion . He was promoted to his first military rank in 1943 . In April 1944 he was wounded and transferred to Italy . In 1945 , he became Chief of Staff in OZNA for Morava administrative center . A year later in 1946 he became commander of a tank brigade , Chief of Staff , deputy commander of an armored division and Chief of Staff of School center armored - mechanic units . He graduated at the military аcademy . As Federal Secretary of the People ' s Defense , he was chief of the section , and chief of staff of the section for personal authority . In the 7th Army he was chief of staff and deputy commander . He was also chief of staff of the Command - headquarters academy ( 1974 – 1978 ) , and later he was assigned as commander of the 1st Army . He was chosen as a member of the CP SKJ in 1978 and 1982 . He was promoted to the rank of Major General in 1970 , Lieutenant General in 1974 , and Colonel General in 1978 . He was chief of the General Staff of Yugoslav People ' s Army from 5 May 1982 to 1 September 1985 . His active military service ended on 31 December 1985 . After that he was in high state positions such as : President of Presidency of SR Serbia ( 1987 – 1989 ) < br > Federal Secretary of the Interior ( 1989 – 1991 ) During the Ten - Day War Gračanin was situated in a JNA air base near Ljubljana . After the JNA forces were ordrered by the Generalstaff to withdraw from Slovenia , Gračanin flew back to Belgrade . Slobodan Milosević promoted him to the rank of reserve General of the Army of the FRY in 1999 .
2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing The 2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing occurred on August 15 , 2009 when an alleged Taliban suicide bomber detonated himself outside of the NATO headquarters in Kabul , Afghanistan . The bomber killed at least seven people and injured 91 . Attack . The bomber drove his automobile undetected through three or fewer police - checkpoints before detonating his explosive payload , estimated as variously and , from the main gate of the NATO base . The attack , coming five days before the country ' s presidential elections , was the first major attack in the capital since February . Aftermath . The attack wounded 91 people and immediately killed seven civilians , though doctors stated that some patients were in danger of succumbing to injuries later on . Casualties among the military were stated to have been avoided by ISAF Brigadier General Eric Tremblay , though he would not give details . The Taliban claimed differently , stating that they had destroyed four vehicles and killed 24 US embassy employees . Among those wounded was parliament member , Awa Alam Nuristani , and a female campaign manager for President Hamid Karzai . After the attacks Karzai declared that " the enemies of Afghanistan , by conducting such attacks , are trying to create fear among the people as we get close to the election , but people still realise the importance of going to ballot boxes to cast their votes . " The attack was claimed by a Taliban spokesperson to have been carried out as a method to disrupt the country ' s second election . The spokesman , Zabihullah Mujahid , stated that , " One of our suicide bombers in a ( Toyota Hilux ) Surf vehicle packed with 500 kilograms of explosives targeted the ISAF headquarters . . . We will continue this kind of operation in the future and we will accelerate our operations against the Afghan and foreign forces . ” The blast occurred in one of the city ’ s most heavily guarded streets , which runs between the United States Embassy and the presidential palace . The blast did not affect them , nor did it cause substantial damage to the NATO headquarters . It was the first attack on the NATO compound since its construction in 2002 . The incident marked the beginning of a wave of intimidation by unknown perpetrators , mostly spread by telephone call s and text messaging , warning Afghans not to participate in polling at risk of being killed and targeted alongside foreign forces .
James W . Archer James W . Archer ( September 6 , 1828 - January 28 , 1908 ) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Archer served in the American Civil War in the 59th Indiana Infantry for the Union Army . He received the Medal of Honor on August 2 , 1897 for his actions at the Second Battle of Corinth . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Voluntarily took command of another regiment , with the consent of one or more of his seniors , who were present , rallied the command and led it in the assault .
HMCS Vancouver ( F6A ) HMCS " Vancouver , was a Thornycroft S - class destroyer , formerly HMS " Toreador built for the Royal Navy in 1917 - 19 . This ship , along with her sister HMS " Torbay " , were donated by the British Government to Canada in March 1928 to replace their two existing destroyers , HMCS " Patrician " and HMCS " Patriot " . At the same time the Canadian Government commissioned the construction of two further destroyers , HMCS " Saguenay " and HMCS " Skeena " . During the 1930s the " Vancouver " served on the west coast of Canada alongside the " Skeena " . This ship and her sister ship HMCS " Champlain " was paid off and broken up in 1937 .
USS Ash ( AN - 7 ) USS " Ash " ( AN - 7 / YN - 2 ) was an " Aloe " - class net laying ship which was assigned to serve U . S . Navy ships and harbors during World War II with her protective anti - submarine nets . Career . " Ash " ( YN - 2 ) was launched on 15 February 1941 at Houghton , Washington , by the Lake Washington Shipyards , Inc . , and was placed in service on 1 July 1941 , Lieutenant Charles E . Ide , USNR , in charge . The net layer served briefly in San Francisco Bay laying out net buoys and tending nets until 20 August when she headed for the Hawaiian Islands and duty in the 14th Naval District . " Ash " arrived at the section base at Bishop ' s Point on the island of Oahu on 28 August and began working on the nets that protected Pearl Harbor . She was at the Bishop ' s Point section base when the Japanese attacked American warships and installations at Pearl Harbor on the morning of 7 December 1941 . Though she fired sporadically at some of the enemy planes during the two hours of the attack , she claimed no kills and suffered neither casualties nor damage . Following the attack , the ship served at Pearl Harbor through the end of the war . Redesignated " AN - 7 " on 20 December 1942 , she was placed in full commission that same day , Lieutenant J . H . Russell , USNR , in command . " Ash " continued to operate in the Pearl Harbor area until 11 May 1946 , when she got underway for San Francisco , California . The net layer was moored at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard until 1 November when she got underway for Vancouver , Washington . She was placed out of commission there on 13 December 1946 , and remained in reserve until 1 September 1962 , when her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register . She was then transferred to the U . S . Maritime Administration for lay up with the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Olympia , Washington . She stayed there until sold on 14 May 1971 to I . D . Logan for scrapping .
10 . 5 cm Feldhaubitze M . 12 The Krupp 10 . 5 cm Haubitze M . 12 ( ) was a howitzer used by Romania in World War I . 60 were bought from Krupp before World War I . They appear to have lingered in Romanian service into World War II . Guns captured by the Bulgarians appear to have been placed into service , although they seem to have been out of service by the outbreak of World War II .
Fernando Luis García Private First Class Fernando Luis García ( October 14 , 1929 – September 5 , 1952 ) , a member of the United States Marines , was the first Puerto Rican , from a total of five , to be awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously . Early years . García was born in Utuado , Puerto Rico where he received his primary and secondary education . He moved to San Juan where he started to work for the Texas Company as a file clerk . On September 19 , 1951 , García was inducted into the Marines ; he received his basic ( " boot " ) training at Parris Island , South Carolina . After he graduated from his basic training he was sent to Camp Lejeune , North Carolina where he underwent advanced training before being sent to Korea . Korean War . García was a Private First Class when he arrived in Korea . He was assigned to Company I , 3rd Battalion , 5th Marines , of the 1st Marine division . On the night of his death , he was posted about one mile from the enemy lines . The Korean enemies were attacking with grenade s , bombs and other types of artillery . García was critically wounded , but he led his team to a supply point to get hand - grenades . An enemy grenade landed nearby ; García covered the grenade with his body , sacrificing himself to save the lives of his fellow Marines . García died instantly . For this heroic action , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor ; on October 25 , 1953 , PFC García ' s parents were presented his Medal of Honor at a ceremony held in the Utuado City Hall . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS FERNANDO L . GARCIA UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS Awards and decorations . Among Fernando Luis García ' s awards and decorations are the following :
Harold Arthur Poling Harold Arthur " Red " Poling ( October 14 , 1925 – May 12 , 2012 ) was a U . S . automobile businessman . He was born in Troy , Michigan . He served as the president of the Ford Motor Company between 1985 and 1987 , vice - chairman in 1988 and 1989 , and as CEO and chairman from 1990 until 1993 . He made his mark at Ford ' s European Operations in the late 1970s and was widely considered as a savior of the company in his stint as executive vice - president for North America in the early 1980s . Poling graduated from Monmouth College in 1949 . He earned his Master at Indiana University and began his career in 1951 as a cost analyst in the company ' s Steel Division . Poling made his swift climb through the company as a financial executive , serving as a manager , assistant controller , and controller of the transmission and chassis division during the 1960s , then as controller of the engine division , then controller of the car product development group . During this time he was responsible for codification of much of Ford ' s " Finance Manual " , directing his subordinates in standardization of the company ' s financial reporting and analysis practices . During the mid - 1970s he worked in Ford ' s European Operations . In the late 1970s he was vice - president of corporate staffs , then in 1980 replaced William O . Bourke as executive vice - president of North American Automotive Operations ( the company ' s biggest operating unit ) . The company was in cash and cost trouble , and Bourke refused to make some of the cost cuts that chairman Philip Caldwell thought necessary . Poling was never averse to cutting cost and succeeded in returning the unit to profitability . He was often cited as the man that saved Ford Motor Company in the 80 ' s . Prior to joining Ford , Poling served as a fighter pilot in the United States Navy . His sometime corporate rival , Robert Lutz , had been a fighter pilot in the United States Marine Corps . Their clashes sometimes led subordinates to joke about " who won the dogfight today ? " Poling was an avid and accomplished golfer . He died in 2012 at Pacific Grove , California . He was 86 . Awards and Honors . In 1993 Poling was awarded the Lone Sailor Award by the U . S . Navy Memorial Foundation for his naval career .
César Basa César Fernando Basa ( 1915 – December 12 , 1941 ) was a Filipino pilot and hero of World War II . Born in 1915 , he was one of the pioneer fighter pilots in the Philippine Air Force and the first Filipino casualty during World War II . Death . Basa ' s fight took place at Batangas Field on the morning of December 12 , 1941 when fifty - four Japanese bombers and fighter escorts raided the base . Five Filipino fighter pilots , led by Captain Jesús Villamor , engaged the numerically superior enemy in aerial combat at . Lieutenant Basa arrived on the scene from an air patrol mission with only 15 minutes of fuel left in his tanks , but attempted to join his comrades in the fight . While still half the distance away , he was intercepted by seven Japanese fighters and shot down . Although he bailed out , he was strafed with machine - gun fire by the A6M Zero fighters . Captain Villamor and his pilots won the battle , with the only casualty being Basa . In recognition of his heroism , Lieutenant Basa was posthumously awarded the Silver Star . A dogfight ensued and Villamor and his men , fighting desperately , gave all what their P - 26s can do to break up the pack of bombers and their fighter escorts before they could reach and bomb Batangas Field . Lt Cesar Basa who was two hours airborne conducting air reconnaissance and by now was low in fuel joined the aerial engagement unfortunately was himself shot - down . In the process , Basa ’ s P - 26 was hit by enemy guns forcing him to bail out . It was when he was dangling helplessly from his parachute that the Zeroes riddled him with bullets . He was dead when he touched the ground sacrificing his life above and beyond the call of duty making him the first Filipino pilot casualty of war . Honors . Basa Air Base in Floridablanca , Pampanga is named in his honor .
James W . Larrabee James W . Larrabee ( 1839 – December 30 , 1907 ) was a soldier in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions during the Siege of Vicksburg in the American Civil War . Larrabee joined the 55th Illinois Infantry in October 1861 , and was mustered out in August 1865 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Corporal , Company I , 55th Illinois Infantry . Place and date : At Vicksburg , Miss . , May 22 , 1863 . Entered service at : Mendota , Ill . Birth : Rensselaer County , N . Y . Date of issue : September 2 , 1893 . Medal of Honor and his portrait are available for viewing here Citation :
University of the Philippines ROTC The University of the Philippines ROTC Corps of Cadets pioneered the Reserve Officers ' Training Corps in the Philippines in 1912 . In 1935 , Commonwealth Act No . 1 , also known as the " National Defense Act " , was enacted by the National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth government . It mandated the creation of a citizen army composed of a small regular force , and a larger reserve component of which ROTC was a part . All able - bodied male students enrolled in Philippine colleges and universities were required to undergo two years of basic military instruction administered under the ROTC program .
Military history of Barbados Throughout the colonial history of Barbados , Britain routinely stationed large segments of its West India regimental troops on the island of Barbados . The troops acted principally as a force to secure the island against any invasion by other European powers as well as to help protect other neighbouring British territories in the Eastern Caribbean from invasion . So successful were British colonial troop deployments to Barbados , it has been said that Barbados is the only country in the Caribbean region never to have changed hands since the British first landed and established the city of Jamestown ( around the first quarter century of the 17th century ) until independence . World War II . Twelve Barbados men made up the Second Barbados Contingent of Volunteers for the Armed Forces . They were recruited for the Royal Air Force . They left Barbados for England in November 1940 to fight against Germany . One pilot was Errol Walton Barrow who became an officer in the Royal Air Force . On 30 November 1966 he became the first Prime Minister of Barbados . By 1945 Barrow had risen to the rank of Flying Officer and was appointed as personal navigator to the Commander in Chief of the British Zone of occupied Germany . In September 1942 during World War II , a German U - Boat was patrolling the waters of Barbados where it torpedoed off the coastline of the capital city . The ship was brought ashore in Barbados before it was released and was torpedoed a second time and sank . The shipwreck was later turned into a reef and Marine park . The prize winning Barbadian novelist Austin Clarke writes in detail surrounding this attack in his novels " Pig Tails ' n Breadfruit : A Culinary Memoir " and Giller Prize - winning " The Polished Hoe " . The books talk about the economic hardship felt in Barbados after it was cut off from global trade by Germany . Today . Today as a fully independent country , Barbados has a moderate sized military command . This force is made up of the " Barbados Defence Force " ( BDF ) The " Barbados Ground Forces " , the " Barbados Coast Guard " , and the " Royal Barbados Police Force " ( RBPF ) in addition to other governmental command in the country . These forces together are administered under the office of the Barbados Prime Minister . These forces often act in concert to maintain law and order in the country as well as to route - out illegal activity and other threats to the country of Barbados . With the backing of the Eastern Caribbean ' s Regional Security System ( RSS ) Barbados has a framework for calling in a follow - on military command from other Caribbean islands as well and in the most severe of cases , from the larger International community . The Barbados Air Wing consists of one Cessna 402 aircraft based at Grantley Adams International Airport . In 2009 the " Barbados Defence Force " contributed to USSOUTHCOM - maneuver " Fuerzas Commando 2009 " in Brazil .
Unrestricted submarine warfare Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of naval warfare in which submarine s sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning , as opposed to attacks per prize rules ( also known as " cruiser rules " ) . Prize rules call for submarines to surface and search for merchantmen and place crews in " a place of safety " ( for which lifeboats did not qualify , except under particular circumstances ) before sinking them , unless the ship has shown " persistent refusal to stop . . . or active resistance to visit or search " . Following the use of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany in the First World War , countries tried to limit or even abolish submarines . Instead , the London Naval Treaty required submarines to abide by prize rules . These regulations did not prohibit arming merchantmen , but arming them or having them report contact with submarines ( or raider s ) made them " de facto " naval auxiliaries and removed the protection of the prize rules . This rendered the restrictions on submarines effectively useless . While such tactics increase the combat effectiveness of the submarine and improve its chances of survival , they are considered by some to be a breach of the rules of war , especially when employed against neutral country vessels in a war zone . Instances . There have been four major campaigns of unrestricted submarine warfare : The four cases were attempts to navally blockade countries , especially those heavily dependent on merchant shipping to supply their war industries and feed their populations ( such as Britain and Japan ) , even though the countries waging the unrestricted submarine warfare were unable to institute a typical naval blockade .