naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
17th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 17th Reserve Division ( " 17 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . At the beginning of the war , it formed the IX Reserve Corps with the 18th Reserve Division . Recruitment . The division was composed primarily of troops from the Free and Hanseatic Cities and from Schleswig - Holstein . The division included one regular infantry brigade , the 81st , raised in Schleswig - Holstein and Lübeck , and one reserve infantry brigade , the 33rd , raised primarily in Hamburg and Bremen . Besides these regions , other troops of the division came from parts of the Province of Hanover adjoining Bremen and Hamburg . Combat chronicle . The 17th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front . It fought across Belgium in August 1914 and then occupied the line on the Aisne until September 1915 . It then went to Flanders and the Artois , where it remained engaged in positional warfare until June 1916 . From mid - July to late October 1916 , it fought in the Battle of the Somme with only one interlude away from the front . The division then remained in the trenchlines along the Yser until May 1917 . In May it fought in the Battle of Arras . It remained in the Flanders region for the rest of the year and into 1918 and fought in the Battle of Passchendaele . In 1918 , it occupied various parts of the line and fought against several Allied offensives , including in the second Battle of Cambrai . In 1918 , Allied intelligence rated the division as first class . Order of battle on mobilization . Die " 17 . Reserve - Division " bestand aus Truppen The order of battle of the 17th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on March 28 , 1918 . The 17th Reserve Division was triangularized in October 1916 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion . The order of battle on March 28 , 1918 was as follows :
Air - launched ballistic missile An air - launched ballistic missile or ALBM is a ballistic missile launched from an aircraft . This class of missile never saw active use . The only known missile of this type that was intended for operational service , the GAM - 87 Skybolt , intended to be launched from B - 52 Stratofortress and Avro Vulcan bombers , was in development by the United States Air Force , with the United Kingdom as a customer . In 1962 , with technical difficulties and costs mounting , the program was cancelled , with the United States and the UK concentrating on the UGM - 27 Polaris submarine - launched ballistic missile instead . Air - launched ballistic training missiles . The Israeli Sparrow target missile is used to test the " Arrow " anti - ballistic missile system .
Equipment of the Ecuadorian Army Equipment of the Ecuadorian Army . Historically , the Ecuadorian Army depended on a wide variety of foreign suppliers for virtually all of its equipment needs . Only in the 1980s did it begin to develop a modest domestic arms industry as the Directorate of Army Industries manufactured rifle ammunition , uniforms , boots , and other consumable items . The Army ' s present day equipment is mostly of western origins .
M141 Bunker Defeat Munition The M141 Bunker Defeat Munition ( BDM ) , or SMAW - D ( " Disposable " ) , is a single shot , shoulder launched weapon designed to defeat hardened structures . The weapon was designed as a modification of the United States Marine Corps Shoulder - launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon ( SMAW ) to fill the void in the United States Army inventory of a " bunker buster " weapon . Service History . Two candidates were evaluated for the US Army ' s BDM program . One candidate from McDonnell - Douglas ( later Tally Defense Systems ) which used the same warhead as the Marine Corps SMAW , but with a rocket motor with a shorter burn time , and another developed by Sweden ' s FFV for Alliant Techsystems ( later Honeywell ) , which replaced the standard HEAT warhead of the AT4 / M136 with the same warhead dual purpose warhead as used by the USMC SMAW . FFV designated the bunker buster version of the AT4 the FFV AT8 . In 1996 the McDonnell - Douglas candidate was chosen . In a unique move , the US Army ordered one batch of 1 , 500 then a second batch of 4 , 500 which were placed in contingency storage for expedited issue to units in combat . The SMAW - D was delivered to the Army in 1999 . The conferees of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 agreed that the Army ' s BDM and the Marine Corps ' SRAW were too similar justify separate long - term projects , and that the Army should pursue an interim BDM program . Congress limited BDM procurement to 6 , 000 units . CNN news footage showed US Army Rangers firing M141s at various fortified caves during the Tora Bora operations against the Afghan Taliban and al Qaeda , being mistaken by the CNN reporters for AT4 / M136 projectiles . Design . The SMAW - D operates on the principle of a recoilless rifle , in that the recoil created by launching the projectile is counteracted by a " backblast " of gases fired from the rear of the weapon . This makes the SMAW - D inherently dangerous , especially in confined , urban areas , as is with all weapons of this design . The M141 has two configurations : A carry mode in which the launcher is 32 inches long , and a ready to fire mode in which the launcher is extended to its full length of 55 inches . The warhead is the same High Explosive , Dual Purpose ( HEDP ) as the USMC SMAW . It is effective against masonry and concrete bunkers as well as lightly armored vehicles . The projectile is capable of penetrating up to 8 inches of concrete , 12 inches of brick , or 6 . 9 feet of sandbags . The warhead is activated by a crush switch in its nose that is able to distinguish between hard and soft targets . On soft targets , such as sandbags , the detonation is delayed until the projectile is buried in the target , producing a devastating effect . The warhead detonates immediately on contact with hard targets .
Leahy - class cruiser " Leahy " class cruisers were a class of guided missile cruiser s built for the United States Navy . They were originally designated as Destroyer Leaders ( DLG ) , but in the 1975 cruiser realignment , they were reclassified as guided missile cruisers ( CG ) . They were a new " double - ender " class fitted with Terrier ( later Standard ER ) missile launchers fore and aft , and the first and only frigate class designed without a main gun battery for shore bombardment or ship - vs . - ship engagements — the gun armament was reduced in order to carry a larger missile load . One of the principal missions of these ships , like their predecessors the Farragut class , was to form part of the anti - air and antisubmarine screen for carrier task forces , while also controlling aircraft from the carrier by providing vectors to assigned targets . The ships carried over the propulsion plant of the Farragut class , fitted into a longer hull designed with a knuckled “ hurricane ” bow that reduced plunging in a rough sea , thus keeping the forecastle dry as needed to operate the forward missile launcher . Other features included an expanded electrical plant and increased endurance . A major design innovation was the use of " macks " — combined masts and stacks — on which the radars could be mounted without smoke interference . Description . The first three ships were constructed at Bath Iron Works , the next two at New York Shipbulding Corp , and the rest at Puget Sound Bridge and Dry Dock Company , Todd Shipyards , San Pedro , CA , San Francisco Naval Shipyard and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard . Modernizations were accomplished between 1967 and 1972 , upgrading air warfare capabilities . Nearly all modernizations were completed at Bath Iron Works , but " Leahy " received the modernization at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard at a cost of $ 36 . 1 million . All Leahy class ships were modernized again in the late 1980s New Threat Upgrade program . This program added advanced air search and track radars ( AN / SPS - 49 and AN / SPS - 48 E ) , updated targeting radars ( AN / SPG - 55 ) , and combat direction systems . The upgrade included massive remodeling of the ship from food service space rehabilitation to a main propulsion system overhaul . Entire systems were removed and replaced , for example the AN / SPS - 40 air - search radar was replaced with the AN / SPS - 49 air - search radar . The upgrade was also quite expensive and the ships didn ' t serve much longer after the modification . For example , USS " Gridley " ( CG - 21 ) received NTU in 1991 at a cost of $ 55 million , but was decommissioned in early 1994 . The Leahy class was taken out of service in the early 1990s , stricken from the naval register , and transferred to the maritime administration for disposal . The sole " Bainbridge " class cruiser , USS " Bainbridge " ( CGN - 25 ) , was largely identical to the " Leahy " class ; the main difference being that it was nuclear powered .
James Montgomery Bailey James Montgomery Bailey ( September 25 , 1841 – March 4 , 1894 ) was an American journalist who won an ephemeral popularity as the " " Dansbury News " Man . " Biography . He was born at Albany , New York , and after receiving a common school education , learned the trade of a carpenter . He removed to Danbury , Conn . , in 1860 , and worked at his trade for the two following years , but found time to write occasionally for the newspapers . During the Civil War he served in the Seventeenth Connecticut Volunteers . In 1870 he established the " Danbury News " , for which he wrote the humorous sketches , sometimes original , often simply descriptive of commonplace happenings , which won for him a national reputation and made his paper known throughout the country . An example of his ability to humorously depict domestic situations is ‘ Putting Up A Stovepipe ’ , in which he described the husband / wife tensions caused by an unpleasant household chore . His first book . " Life in Danbury " , was published in 1873 ; it consisted of selections from his newspaper articles . His other publications were " The Danbury News Man ' s Almanac " ( 1873 ) ; " They All Do It " ( 1877 ) ; " England from a Back Window " ( 1878 ) ; " Mr . Phillip ' s Goneness " ( 1879 ) ; and " The Danbury Boom ; with a Full Account of Mr . Cobleigh ' s Action Therein " ( 1880 ) .
HMS C29 HMS " C29 " was a British C class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 4 June 1908 and was commissioned on 17 September 1909 . Service history . " C29 " sank a merchant ship while patrolling the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic . " C29 " was involved in the U - boat trap tactic . The tactic was to use a decoy trawler to tow a submarine . When a U - boat was sighted , the tow line and communication line was slipped and the submarine would attack the U - boat . The tactic was partly successful , but was abandoned after the loss of two C class submarines . In both cases , all the crew were lost . " C29 " was one of the two C class submarines sunk because of the tactic . She was mined when her trawler " Ariadne " strayed into a minefield in the Humber Estuary on 29 August 1915 .
Thomas Howard , 3rd Earl of Effingham Lieutenant - Colonel Thomas Howard , 3rd Earl of Effingham PC ( 13 . January 1746 – 19 November 1791 ) , styled Lord Howard until 1763 , was a British nobleman and Army officer , the son of Thomas Howard , 2nd Earl of Effingham . He is best known for resigning his commission in protest against the war against the American colonies . This widely - reported act was commemorated by the American colonists in the naming of a galley in 1775 , and later the frigate USS " Effingham " in 1777 - as well as in the naming of Effingham , New Hampshire , Effingham County , Georgia and Effingham County , Illinois . He died at the age of 45 , while serving as Governor of Jamaica , a month and five days after his wife , leaving no heir . His title passed to his brother Richard . During the events leading up to the American Revolution , the Earl was neither a Patriot or a Loyalist , he was a Neutralist ; he was not on either side . But he was against the American colonies starting a war . The Earl of Effingham disliked both sides : the royal government for tax ing , and the colonists for rebelling . He was not on the American colonies ' side , he just wanted peace . Howard believed that the conflicts had a negative impact on Great Britain and the colonies . He was devoted to his king and country , and was willing to lose his life while protecting the realm from attack . He also thought that it was wrong of Parliament to tax the American colonies without representation .
Battle of Modlin The Battle of Modlin took place during the German invasion of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War . Modlin Fortress was initially the headquarters of the Modlin Army until its retreat eastwards . From 13 September to 29 September in 1939 it served as a defensive citadel for Polish forces under the command of General Wiktor Thommée against assaulting German units . This fighting was closely linked with the strategic situation of the Battle of Warsaw . The Polish forces defending the fortress included the armoured train ' Śmierć ' ( death ) , and the Modlin anti - aircraft battery was credited with shooting down more Luftwaffe planes than any other in the entire September campaign . Fortress Modlin capitulated on 29 September , one of the last to lay down its arms in the campaign . Several days earlier , Rochus Misch attempted to negotiate the surrender of the fortress despite being wounded , an act for which he was awarded the Iron Cross .
De Bange 80 mm cannon The De Bange 80mm cannon ( Mle 1877 ) was a type of field artillery piece developed in France by Colonel Charles Ragon de Bange in 1877 , and adopted by the French Army that same year . It superseded the earlier Reffye cannon ( 1870 ) and the Lahitolle 95mm cannon ( 1875 ) . De Bange also manufactured another cannon of a rather similar size : the De Bange 90mm cannon . The cannon was breech loading and used the original mushroom - shaped obturator system developed by de Bange , allowing to properly seal the breech during each firing . The cannon still had an important recoil , meaning that it moved backward at each firing , necessitating re - aiming every time , which considerably slowed the rate of firing . This would remain a problem with all artillery pieces until the development of the recoilless Canon de 75 in 1897 .
Erie Proving Ground Erie Proving Ground was a former United States Army facility . Originally a camp to train gunners , the facility ' s foundation was due to the Spanish - American War ' s lack of skilled riflemen . The facility was located in Ottawa County , Ohio . The facility was established in 1918 originally as Camp Perry Proving Ground . The facility was at various times named Erie Ordnance Depot and Erie Army Depot . During World War II over 5 , 000 people ended up being employed there . The employed people were testing various weapon systems , armor , and such during World War II . During peacetime it served as a storage , maintenance , and repair facility . Erie Proving Ground closed in January 1967 .
Stevan Šupljikac Stevan Šupljikac , known simply as Vojvoda Šupljikac ( ; 1786 – 15 December 1848 ; ) was a " voivode " ( military commander ) and the first Duke of the Serbian Vojvodina , in 1848 . Life . He was born in Petrinja , in 1786 . He had a brother Jovan who was also a fighter , and a sister Anka who later married Gabriel Miletić . He entered the Austrian army in 1805 , subsequently becoming a general . Between 1806 and 1814 he was officer of the Imperial French army . During the Russian Campaign of 1812 , he was awarded with the Légion d ' honneur . In 1814 , he again served as officer in the Austrian army , as a commander of the Ogulin regiment at Banat and Lika . He then was brigade commander under Joseph Radetzky von Radetz , after which he was awarded with the Great Cross of the Iron Crown . In 1848 he took part in the suppression of Italian rebels in the Unification of Italy . As part of the Revolutions of 1848 , the Serbs under Austria - Hungary demanded what they had in the previous century ; recognition of Serbian as official language , equality of the Orthodox church as with Catholics , and annual church assembly gatherings . They met at Sremski Karlovci and Novi Sad . Several thousand Serbs met at the May Assembly in Sremski Karlovci on May 1 , 1848 . The delegates chose Šupljikac as " voivode " , the civil and military commander . Josif Rajačić was elected the patriarch of the Serbs . The Serbs demanded a national unit consisting of Banat , Backa , Baranja and part of Srem , known collectively as " Vojvodina " . During the revolutions , there was much fighting in Vojvodina , in June , Hungarian and Serbian bands began fighting . General Stratimirović , head of the main committee , on May 10 , urged Prince Aleksandar for assistance and asked Stevan Knićanin , a commissioner , to intercede . Knićanin was elected military commander . In June and July a large wave of volunteers from the Principality entered Vojvodina , Knićanin arrived at July 25 . Hungarians were not positive to the Serbs at this time , but support came from Vienna – the new emperor Franz Joseph approved the establishment of the Serbian Vojvodina , with Šupljikac as " Duke " . He became the supreme military commander of the Serbian national troops on October 6 . He died on December 15 , at Pančevo , he was buried in the Krušedol Monastery .
Sayyad AFV Sayyad AFV is an Iranian light , multi - purpose , tracked armored vehicle , sometimes described as a " quick reaction tank " . The overall design is similar to that of the British FV101 Scorpion , and it is often mistaken as a Tosan tank . However , there are some major differences between the Sayyad and the Scorpion . The Sayyad is shorter in length than the Scorpion , and it has one less road wheel . The hull is slightly redesigned and storage baskets are also added . There are two versions of the Sayyad . One with a single or double Toophan anti - tank missile launcher with six other missiles in storage baskets . The other with two 23x launchers of rockets . The vehicle is intended to be used to provide a fast platform for anti - tank missiles and small artillery rocket s . It entered service in 2010 .
HMS Rippon ( 1812 ) HMS " Rippon " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 8 August 1812 at Bursledon . On 30 September 1813 , the French frigate " Weser " , under the command of " captaine de vaisseau " Cantzlaat , " Chevalier de L ' ordre Imperiale de la Reunion " , sailed from the Texel for the North Sea . There she captured two Swedish ships before a gale on the 16th took away her main and mizzen mast . Two days later , Commander Colin Macdonald , captain , encountered her 60 leagues west of Ushant , making her way towards Brest under jury main and mizzen masts . Rather than engage her and risk being crippled and so unable to follow her given the weather , Macdonald decided to follow her . Career . Fortuitously , on 20 October , , Commander J . J . Gordon Bremer , captain , arrived and Macdonald and Bremer decided to attack " Weser " . They engaged her for about an hour and a half before they had to withdraw to repair their rigging . At about this time a third British vessel , " Rippon " , Captain Christopher Cole , came up . Bremer joined Cole and informed him of the situation while " Scylla " remained with " Weser " . The next morning , as " Rippon " and " Royalist " sailed towards " Scylla " to renew their attack , " Weser " sailed towards " Rippon " and struck , after first firing two broadsides towards " Scylla " . " Scylla " suffered only two men wounded in the entire engagement . " Royalist " suffered more heavily , having two men killed and nine wounded . " Weser " lost four men killed and 15 wounded . " Rippon " took " Weser " s crew on board as prisoners and towed her into port . The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS " Weser " . Fate . " Rippon " was broken up in 1821 .
25th Brigade Royal Field Artillery XXV Brigade , Royal Field Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Field Artillery which served in the First World War . It was originally formed with 113th , 114th and 115th Batteries , and attached to 1st Infantry Division . In August 1914 it mobilised and was sent to the Continent with the British Expeditionary Force , where it saw service with 1st Division throughout the war .
Gaspard de Saulx Gaspard de Saulx , sieur de Tavannes ( 1509 – 1575 ) was a French military leader during the Italian Wars and the French Wars of Religion . Biography . He was born in Dijon . As a page of King Francis I , he was made prisoner by the Imperials in the Battle of Pavia ( 1525 ) . Later he distinguished himself in the War of Provence and in Battle of Ceresole of 1544 . In 1552 he conquered Metz and had an important role in the French victory at the Battle of Renty ( 1554 ) . After the conquest of Calais in 1558 , he was created General Governor of Bourgogne . In this role he was accused of excessive persecutions against the Protestants , a trait he also displayed in the Huguenot Wars . In the course of the latter he was victorious at the battles of Jarnac and Moncontour . As a reward for his deeds , he was made Marshal of France on November 28 , 1570 . De Saulx had also a role in the St . Bartholomew ' s Day Massacre on August 24 , 1572 . In the October of the same year he was appointed as governor of Provence and Admiral of the Levant . He died in his castle at Sully , and was buried in the Sainte Chapelle of Dijon . His memoirs are an important primary source for the period . He is featured as a supporting character and the main antagonist in the 1966 " Doctor Who " serial " The Massacre of St Bartholomew ' s Eve " , in which he is played by André Morell .