naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Garde Civique The Garde Civique ( ) was a Belgian militia created in October 1830 shortly after the Belgian revolution . It was founded through the amalgamation of various militia groups created by the middle classes during the anarchy following the revolution . The " Garde " acted as a quasi - military " Gendarmarie " , with the prime purpose of maintaining social order within Belgium , until its disestablishment in 1920 . Organisation . The " Garde " was organized at a local level , originally in all communes with more than 30 , 000 inhabitants . It was composed of citizens aged between 21 and 50 , who did not already have military obligations as serving soldiers or reservists . Those aged between 21 and 32 were required to undertake training ten times annually , while the second class ( aged 33 – 50 ) were obliged only to register their addresses at regular intervals . A third class was composed of older volunteers , who were not equipped , uniformed or armed and were expected only to provide support functions in their local regions . As a voluntary body the " Garde Civique " was , in peacetime , the responsibility of the Ministry of the Interior rather than the Ministry of War . Most of the " Garde " units were infantry but there were some artillery and mounted detachments . Purpose and dress . The expressed aim of the " Garde " was to " Maintain obedience to the laws , conserve or restablish order and the peace , assure the independence of Belgium and her territorial integrity . " Each regional unit of the " Garde " had its own dark blue or green uniform , generally following the pattern of those worn by the regular army but with a number of variations . Infantry wore a wide brimmed hat with plume , cavalry a fur busby and artillery a shako . Role in World War I . The " Garde Civique " were mobilised following the German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914 . Their intended functions were to secure lines of communication , guard bridges and other installations , escort prisoners and maintain order outside the actual areas of combat . The German military authorities however chose to regard members of the " Garde " as franc - tireur s ( irregulars ) and , as such , not under the protection of international law if taken prisoner . Demands were made that they be disarmed and disbanded . In view of the German shooting of Belgian civilian hostages during the early stages of the invasion such threats were taken seriously and on 31 October 1914 King Albert I decreed the dissolution of the " Garde " . Most of its younger members transferred to the regular Belgian Army . Final disbandment . Upon entering liberated Belgium territory in October 1918 , King Albert was reportedly met by a saluting veteran of the " Garde Civique " in full - dress uniform who had kept his equipment and rifle hidden during the four years of German occupation . Such incidents could not however avoid the reality that the " Garde " had proven to be of limited military use and was no longer required for the role of ensuring social order that had been its prime purpose during the 19th century . The force was accordingly formally disbanded in 1920 .
RAF Millom Museum The RAF Millom Aviation & Military Museum was a museum of the British Royal Air Force bombing and gunnery school , located in Millom , Cumbria . Opened in January 1941 as No . 2 bombing and gun nery school and in summer became No . 2 air observer School . In 1942 it became No . 2 Observer Advanced Flying Unit until 1945 and in 1946 it was put under care and maintenance until 1953 when it was reopened for a 12 - month period as No . 1 Officer Cadet Training Unit . No . 1 O . C . T . U . departed the station in September , 1953 , and relocated to RAF Jurby , Isle of Man . RAF Millom was then again put under care and maintenance until the 1960s when various army regiments passed through . HM Prison Service took it over in 1967 . The museum project originated in a very small way in 1992 , however due to a great deal of hard work by volunteers and ex - servicemen and women of the old RAF Millom our collection has all but outgrown the present buildings and the yard we occupy . Museum Closure . The museum was in financial difficulties during the summer of 2010 and was asked to vacate its current main site by the Ministry of Justice - owners of the buildings the museum occupies which is part of the original airfield now occupied by Her Majesty ' s Prison Haverigg . Negotiations failed regarding a new lease agreement . The permanent closure was confirmed on 1 September 2010 with outstanding debts being the driving force . Much of the museum ' s exhibits were on - loan and will be returned to owners . Millom Heritage Museum And Visitor Centre has shown an interest in some of the exhibits relating to the very local area but is limited for space . In popular culture . In July 2005 , Time Team from UK ' s Channel 4 TV , along with members of RAF Millom Museum , took part in a major project to excavate the crash sites of two A - 26 Invader aircraft which had collided shortly after take - off over marshes close to the then USAAF BAD 2 airbase at Warton in Lancashire on 29 November 1944 . The planes , A - 26B - 10 - DT 43 - 22298 ( pilot : 2nd Lt . Kenneth E . Hubbard accompanied by Pvt . John F . Guy ) and A - 26B - 15 - DT 43 - 22336 ( 2nd Lt . Norman Zuber unaccompanied ) , had been en route to Brétigny , Oise in northern France to take up service with the 641st Squadron of the 409th Bombardment Group .
Battle of Skerki Bank The Battle of Skerki Bank was a World War II naval battle which took place near Skerki Bank in the Mediterranean Sea on the early hours of 2 December 1942 between British and Italian forces , as the last naval battle held in Mediterranean during 1942 . The British force consisted of the light cruiser sHMS " Aurora " , " Argonaut " and " Sirius " and the destroyers HMS " Quentin " and HMAS " Quiberon " . The squadron was under the command of Rear Admiral C . H . J . Harcourt . They attacked an Italian convoy bound for Tunisia and its escort of three destroyers and two torpedo boat s . In the night of 2 December , a troop convoy was heading for Tunisia : the German KT - 1 ( 850 tons ) , " Aventino " ( 3 , 794 t ) , " Puccini " ( 2 , 422 t ) , and " Aspromonte " ( a militarized ferry - boat , 976 tons ) . The ships were carrying 1 , 766 troops , 698 tons of cargo ( mainly ammunition ) , four tanks , 32 other vehicles , and 12 artillery pieces . The escort was relatively strong : destroyers " Da Recco " ( flagship ) , " Camicia Nera " , " Folgore " and the torpedo boats " Clio " and " Procione " was commanded by Captain Aldo Cocchia . The British ships hit very hard and destroyed , one after the other , all the cargo and troop ships . The escort ships were hit as well , with " Folgore " fatally damaged ( 9 133 mm direct hits ) by cruisers , and later sunk with 120 dead ( among them , commander Ener Bettica ) , " Da Recco " badly damaged ( explosion of the forward 120 mm ready ammunition depots , out of commission until June 1943 , half crew killed or wounded ) with 118 dead . " Camicia Nera " launched all her 6 torpedoes , but missing the targets ( mainly HMS " Sirius " ) . At dawn , the savage short - range engagement saw a clear British victory , while Axis lost no less but over 2 , 000 ( probably 2 , 037 or even 2 , 200 , the total is uncertain ) lives and five ships , with the " Puccini " still afloat , but later sank . This battle was almost forgotten ( at least in Italy ) , but it was a big battle nevertheless , in which HMS Sirius was an absolute protagonist , escaping with no hit aboard despite Camicia Nera fired on her from only 2 km , dodging several torpedoes and cooperating in the sinking of many Axis ships . In the return path Savoias attacked the Q - Force , without results but losing some aircraft ( Spitfires claimed four Sparvieros with one loss ) , while HMS " Quentin " was sunk by a 500 kg bomb released from Junkers 88s ( even if uncertain if the hit scored was actually a torpedo ) with 20 dead . On the other side , the human losses were 124 ( Folgore ) , 118 ( Da Recco ) , 39 ( Aspromonte ) , 3 ( Procione ) , 200 ( civil / militarized crews ) , 1 , 527 troops ( all in Aventino and Puccini ) External links . ] ]
Yuan Wang - class tracking ship The Yuanwang - class ( 远望 ; meaning " Long View " ) are used for tracking and support of satellite and intercontinental ballistic missile s by the People ' s Liberation Army Navy ( PLAN ) of the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ) . The detailed specifications of the ships are not released by the PLAN . They are thought to have a displacement tonnage of around 21 , 000 Long ton when fully loaded , with a crew of about 470 and a length of about 190 meters ( 620 ft ) . Their propulsion is from one Sulzer Ltd . diesel engine , with a top speed of 20 knots ( 37 km / h ) . The class was first proposed by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1965 , and the idea was personally approved by Mao Zedong in 1968 . The first two ships of the class , " Yuanwang 1 " and " Yuanwang 2 " were built at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai and put to sea on 31 August 1977 and 1 September 1978 respectively . The general designer of this class is Mr . Xu Xueyan ( 许学彦 , 1924 - ) . For the first time , this gave the PRC the ability to track launches and satellites that were not over their territory . The first survey mission of the two ships was during May 1980 . After being used for tracking of the launches of indigenously developed communications satellites , " Yuanwang 1 " and " Yuanwang 2 " underwent overhauls in 1986 , so they could be used for supporting international satellite launches by the PRC . Two further ships of the class have been built . First was " Yuanwang 3 " , commissioned on 20 October 1995 . The " Yuanwang 4 " tracking ship was constructed by China State Shipbuilding Corporation and delivered to the China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General on 18 July 1999 . It had been converted from the previously used " Xiang Yang Hong 10 " scientific survey ship . Another two " Yuanwang " - class vessels were launched in Shanghai in early 2007 . Pictures of " Yuanwang 6 " were published . Both " Yuanwang 5 " and the newly commissioned ship were on duty for the Shenzhou 7 mission . During the Shenzhou spacecraft flights , the four ships were positioned with : See also . A list of similar ships :
Fort Hunter , New York Fort Hunter is a hamlet in the town of Florida in Montgomery County , New York , on the Mohawk River at Schoharie Creek . In the 18th century , Fort Hunter was built as a fort near the location of one of the two primary Mohawk settlements . The Mohawk name for the village was rendered variously in English as " Teantontalago " , " Thienderego " , " Tionondorage " , and " Tiononderoga " . The European colonists called it the " Lower Mohawk Castle " , while " Canajoharie " , the other primary Mohawk village , was known as the " Upper Mohawk Castle " . The Dongan Charter gave the city of Albany the right to own at the Lower Mohawk Castle . One of its sachem s , Hendrick Tejonihokarawa or Hendrick Peters of the Wolf Clan , was one of the " Four Mohawk Kings " who went to London in 1710 to meet with Queen Anne . They asked her for Anglican missionaries to help offset French Catholic influence in the Iroquois Confederacy , as well as defenses against French soldiers . In 1711 , the Crown authorized the construction of Fort Hunter near Tionondorage . The fort contained a chapel and mission house . Queen Anne donated a set of communion silver and sent two missionaries to the colony . In return , she had asked Tejonihokarawa for help in settling Palatine German refugees then working at English camps in the Hudson Valley . Through Governor Hunter , he made some Mohawk land available to settlers near Schoharie Creek , where some of the Palatines eventually settled . Fort Hunter is the site of the Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site , which has the remains of the Schoharie Crossing aqueduct and part of a lock from the early nineteenth - century development of the Erie Canal .
Wilson ' s Creek Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek of the American Civil War , fought on August 10 , 1861 near Springfield , Missouri . The Confederate order of battle is shown separately . Army of the West . BG Nathaniel Lyon ( k ) < br > Maj Samuel D . Sturgis
Sikorsky S - 62 The Sikorsky S - 62 was a single turbine engine , three - blade rotor amphibious helicopter originally developed as a commercial venture by the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation of Stratford , Connecticut . It was used by the United States Coast Guard as the HH - 52A Seaguard primarily for air - sea rescue , and now has been replaced by non - amphibious types such as the HH - 65 Dolphin which rely on using a winch to retrieve passengers from a hover . Design and development . A number of S - 62s were bought by the US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics for the US Coast Guard for use as a search and rescue helicopter . Initially designated HU2S - 1G Seaguard , it was re - designated as the HH - 52A Seaguard in 1962 . The HH - 52A used a boat hulled shaped fuselage , smaller but similar to the US Navy ' s SH - 3 ( Sikorsky S - 61 ) , and was employed aboard the larger Coast Guard cutters and icebreakers . The S - 62 used a single General Electric T58 - GE - 8 turboshaft engine , the same powerplant used on the larger twin - engined SH - 3 ; and a 1 , 050 hp T58 - GE - 6 derated to 670 hp , moving the same main and tail rotor as S - 55 Model , in the prototype . The turbine powered S - 62 could carry more weight and fly faster than the H - 19 ( S - 55 ) . The aircraft was first conceived and designed to be amphibious so that flotation gear would not be required for over water flights , and rescues could be made by landing on the water . The fuselage is watertight for landings on water or snow . Two outrigger floats resist pitching and rolling on the water . Although the HH - 52A looks very different from the Sikorsky H - 19 , it used many of the same components .
R - 29RM Shtil The R - 29RM Shtil ( NATO designation SS - N - 23 Skiff ) is a liquid propellant , submarine - launched ballistic missile in use by Russia . It has the alternate Russian designations RSM - 54 and 3M27 . It is designed to be launched from the Russian Delta IV submarine , each of which is capable of carrying 16 missiles . On 6 August 1991 at 21 : 09 " Novomoskovsk " , under the command of Captain Second Rank Sergey Yegorov , became the world ' s only submarine to successfully launch an all - missile salvo , launching 16 R - 29RM ( RSM - 54 ) ballistic missiles of total weight of almost 700 tons in 244 seconds ( operation code name " Behemoth - 2 " ) . The first and the last missiles hit their targets successfully , while the others were self - destroyed in the air according to the plan . The R - 29RM carries four 100 kiloton warheads and has a range of about . A derivative , the R - 29RMU Sineva , entered service in 2007 . The last boat with R - 29RM , K - 51 Verkhoturye , went into overhaul for rearming with R - 29RMU on 23 Aug 2010 . Operation Behemoth . Operation Behemoth entailed SSBN K - 407 " Novomoskovsk " launching its full ammunition load of 16 missiles , the first such test in the world . Previously the largest number of missiles launched from a submerged SSBN was 4 Trident - 2 missiles .
SS Alk Alk was a 1 , 175 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1924 by Neptun AG , Rostock , Germany for German owners . She was seized by the Allies in May 1945 , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and was renamed Empire Contest . In 1946 , she was allocated to the Soviet Union and renamed Vereshyagin ( " Верещагин " ) . She served until about 1960 , being deleted from Lloyd ' s Register in that year . Description . The ship was built in 1924 by Neptun AG . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . The ship had a GRT of 1 , 175 and a NRT of 612 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Neptun . History . " Alk " was built for Roland Linie AG , Bremen . Her port of registry was Bremen and she was allocated the Code Letters QLWM . By 1926 , Norddeutscher Lloyd had taken over Roland Linie . In 1933 , " Alk " was transferred to Argo Reederei AG , Bremen . In 1934 , her Code Letters were changed to DOMF . In 1936 , the company changed its name to Argo Reederei Richard Adler & Co . In May 1945 , " Alk " was seized by the Allies at Brunsbüttel . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Contest " . Her port of registry was changed to London . The Code Letters GQXW and United Kingdom Official Number 180747 were allocated . She was placed under the management of W A Wilson Ltd . In 1946 , " Empire Contesnt " was transferred to the Soviet Government and was renamed " Vereshyagin " . Her port of registry was changed to Archangelsk . She served until c1960 , when she was deleted from shipping registers .
Punjab Light Horse The Punjab Light Horse was raised in 1867 and formed part of the Cavalry Reserve in the British Indian Army . The regimental headquarters was at Lahore , in Punjab . The regiment was disbanded following India ' s independence in 1947 and the division of Punjab between Pakistan and India - the city of Lahore became part of Pakistan . A light horse regiment was roughly equivalent to a battalion in strength ( ~ 400 men ) and its troops typically fought as mounted infantry rather than traditional cavalry .
Richard Ruoff Richard Ruoff ( 18 August 1883 – 30 March 1967 ) was an officer in the German Army ( " Wehrmacht Heer " ) before and during World War II . Colonel - General ( " Generaloberst " ) Richard Ruoff commanded the 4th Tank Army from 8 January 1942 to 31 May 1942 . The 4th Tank Army was part of Army Group A ( " Heeresgruppen A " ) which was formed when Army Group South ( " Heeresgruppen Sud " ) was split into two formations for the summer offensive of 1942 . Ruoff commanded the 17th Army from 1 June 1942 to 24 June 1943 . The 17th Army was also part of Army Group A . Ruoff was the commander of the 17th Army when , on 3 June 1942 , the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia ( " Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia " , or CSIR ) was briefly subordinated to it . From June to July , the German 17th Army , the CSIR , and the Romanian 3rd Army were organized as " Army Group Ruoff " ( " Heeresgruppen Ruoff " ) . By July 1942 , Ruoff lost the Italian unit . The CSIR was subsumed by the larger Italian Army in Russia ( " Armata Italiana in Russia " , or ARMIR ) and transferred to Army Group B ( " Heeresgruppen B " ) . During the late summer , as part of Army Group A , Ruoff and the 17th Army attacked towards the Caucasus oilfields . By December , Soviet forces had destroyed the armies defending its flanks ( including the ARMIR ) and had en - circled the German 6th Army at Stalingrad . Army Group B was withdrawn from southern Russia but Ruoff and the 17th Army were ordered to hold the " Kuban bridgehead . "
Joseph Caffarelli Joseph Caffarelli , full name Louis Marie Joseph , comte de Caffarelli du Falga , ( 21 February 1760 , Le Falga - 14 August 1845 , Lavelanet ) was a French sailor , soldier and politician , who was a Conseiller d ' État and maritime prefect of Brest . His brothers Marie - François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga and Louis - Marie - Joseph Maximilian Caffarelli du Falga were also active in the French military of the time .
VII Corps ( Ottoman Empire ) The VII Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " 7 nci Kolordu " " or " " Yedinci Kolordu " ) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army . It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms . Formation . Order of Battle , 1911 . With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army , to include the creation of corps level headquarters , by 1911 the VII Corps was headquartered in Üsküp . The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such : Balkan Wars . Order of Battle , October 19 , 1912 . On October 19 , 1912 , the corps was structured as follows : World War I . Order of Battle . During World War I , the corps was structured as follows : After Mudros . Order of Battle , November 1918 . In November 1918 , the corps was structured as follows :
Loyd Wheaton Loyd Wheaton ( July 15 , 1838 - September 17 , 1918 ) was a United States general who fought in the Philippine - American War and in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Wheaton was born in Pennfield , Michigan . He joined the Army from Peoria , Illinois in April 1861 , and served American Civil War , reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Fort Blakely on April 9 , 1865 ; however , the medal was not presented until January 16 , 1894 . Wheaton was appointed brigadier general of volunteers at the outbreak of the Spanish - American War and placed in command of the 1st Brigade , 1st Division , VII Corps stationed in Miami . The corps did sail to Cuba but the fighting was already over and his brigade was involved only in the occupation forces . He was then sent to the Philippines , where he was placed in command of a Provisional Brigade in the U . S . VIII Corps during the Philippine - American War . He led his brigade during the Pasig River expedition , Malolos Campaign and at the Battle of Zapote River . He then assumed command of the 1st Brigade , U . S . 2nd Division , VIII Corps during the Northern Offensive where his troops defeated a Filipino force at the Battle of San Jacinto ( 1899 ) and linked with the U . S 1st Division under Arthur MacArthur at Dagupan . He commanded the 1st Brigade , 1st Division , VIII Corps during the second Cavite Expedition . He commanded the Department of Northern Luzon during the second phase of the war . He was General Frederick Funston ' s immediate superior and authorized Funston ' s expedition to capture Emilio Aguinaldo . He was appointed Major General of volunteers in 1900 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Lieutenant Colonel , 8th Illinois Infantry . Place and date : At Fort Blakely , Ala . , April 9 , 1865 . Entered service at : Illinois . Born : July 15 , 1838 , Calhoun County , Mich . Date of issue : January 16 , 1894 . Citation : Led the right wing of his regiment , and , springing through an embrasure , was the first to enter the enemy ' s works , against a strong fire of artillery and infantry .