naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Nigerian military juntas of 1966 – 79 and 1983 – 98 The two Nigerian Military Juntas of 1966 - 1979 and 1983 - 1998 were a pair of military dictatorship s in the African country of Nigeria that were led by the Nigerian Military , having a chairman or president in charge . First Junta ( 1966 – 1979 ) . The first one began on January 15 , 1966 , when Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu and some group of Majors overthrew current president Nnamdi Azikiwe in a coup d ' état , and declared himself Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria . Aguiyi - Ironisi was then overthrown and murdered in a coup the same year by General Yakubu Gowon , who held power until 1975 when he was overthrown in a bloodless coup by a group of soldiers that wanted to return civilian rule to Nigeria . Brigadier ( later General ) Murtala Mohammed , who succeeded General Gowon , was not directly involved in this coup , but did help round up soldiers for the coup . A year later , in 1976 , Mohammed was assassinated in a violent coup , and Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ then succeeded Mohammed . Three years later , in 1979 , Ọbasanjọ handed power down to Shehu Shagari , who ended the military regime , and installed a second Nigerian republic . Second Junta ( 1983 – 1998 ) . Shagari , however , was overthrown in a bloodless coup in 1983 , and succeeded by Muhammadu Buhari , who was appointed " Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Nigeria " and Commander - in - Chief of the Armed Forces by the junta . Buhari ruled for two years , until 1985 , when he was overthrown by General Ibrahim Babangida , who appointed himself with the position of " President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria " . Babangida promised a return of democracy when he seized power , which barely took place during the Babangida regime . He ruled Nigeria until 1993 when he temporarily handed power to the interim head of state Ernest Shonekan , being part of his promise to return democracy . Two months later , however , Shonekan was overthrown by General Sani Abacha , with former President Babangida conveniently involved with a visit to Egypt . Abacha appointed himself " Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria " . After Abacha ' s death in 1998 , General Abdulsalami Abubakar took over , and ruled until 1999 when Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ again became head of state ( via an election ) , and ended the junta . Olusegun Obasanjo ruled until 2007 and then passed it down to another democratically elected president Umaru Musa Yar ' adua who ruled Nigeria until his death in 2010 .
Cannone da 75 / 27 modello 11 The Cannone da 75 / 27 modello 11 was a French - designed field gun produced in Italy prior to World War I . It was introduced in 1912 , designed by Colonel Déport . It was taken into service by Italy for use with its Alpine and cavalry troops going into World War I , and was built there in large numbers . The gun was designed with two notable features . It was the first artillery piece to introduce the split trail , as well as the last to utilize its novel dual - recoil system . The former became a very popular feature on artillery pieces through to the modern day . The later , while functional , did not get repeated . The dual - recoil system consisted of a small tubular recoil under the barrel which in turn traveled in a traditional rectangular cradle . This lessened heat transfer from the gun barrel to the recoil mechanism effectively , but was not necessary for the added complexity . Some guns had two crew seats on the front of the gun shield . The gun was used by the Italian army throughout World War I and remained on strength well into World War II . Many pieces even saw service with German forces fighting in Northern Italy from 1943 until the end of the war , as the " 7 . 5 cm Feldkanone 244 ( i ) " .
Ship - of - the - line lieutenant Ship - of - the - line lieutenant is a common naval rank , equivalent to the naval rank of lieutenant in the UK , Commonwealth and US . The name of the rank derives from the name of the largest class of warship , the ship of the line , as opposed to smaller types of warship ( corvettes and frigates ) . The rank is " lieutenant de vaisseau " in French , " tenente di vascello " in Italian , " teniente de navío " in Spanish , " Linienschiffsleutnant " in German and " sorhajóhadnagy " in Hungarian . The NATO rank code is OF - 2 .
William Fraser McDonell William Fraser McDonell VC ( 17 December 1829 – 31 July 1894 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He is one of only five civilians to be awarded the VC . Details . Educated at Cheltenham College and East India Company College ( later succeeded by the Haileybury and Imperial Service College ) , he was 27 years old , and a civilian in the Bengal Civil Service during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 30 July 1857 during the retreat from Arrah for which he was awarded the VC : He was later a Judge of the High Court of Judicature in Calcutta from 1874 to 1876 . The Medal . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Kosmos 1977 Kosmos 1977 ( meaning " Cosmos 1977 " ) is a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1988 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1977 was launched from Site 41 / 1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 18 : 02 UTC on 25 October 1988 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1988 - 096A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 19608 .
2d Day Bombardment Group The 2d Day Bombardment Group was an Air Service , United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service , Second United States Army . It was demobilized in France on 15 April 1919 . There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history . History . The 2d Day Bombardment Group was organized at Ourches Airdrome , near Toul , France on 1 November 1918 . The Group consisted of a Headquarters staff , and the 100th and 163d Aero Squadrons . Previous to this date , the Aero Squadrons were assigned to the Second Army Air Service , after arriving at the front on 26 October . By 7 November after several days of organization , supply and the development of operations plans , all of the groups Dayton - Wright DH - 4 aircraft were made ready for combat service over the lines . Also and adequate supply of bombs , munitions and aviation gasoline had been received from the 1st Air Depot . On 8 November orders to engage in combat operations were received from Second Army , together with a list of objectives assigned to the group in enemy territory . Then followed a period of poor flying weather which made any sort of operation extremely futile . However , on the morning of 11 November , all planes were on the line , ready to proceed with a mission to bomb Conflanz . However at 11 : 00am , the armistice with Germany took effect and all raids were called off . After the Armistice , the squadrons continued with proficiency flying on a limited basis to keep the pilots proficient in their skills . The Group remained at Ourches Airdrome until 15 April 1919 when , with the inactivation of the Second Army Air Service , the unit was ordered demobilized , and all equipment was ordered returned to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey - les - Belles Airdrome . Personnel were subsequently assigned to the Commanding General , Services of Supply and ordered to report to one of several staging camps in France . There , personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the Base Ports in France for transport to the United States and subsequent demobilization .
HMS K3 HMS " K3 " was the lead ship of the British K class submarine s . She was laid down on 21 May 1915 by Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness . She was commissioned on 4 August 1916 . In December 1916 , " K3 " , with the future King George VI aboard , uncontrollably dived . The ship plunged to 150 feet with the stern and propellers raised above the waves . It took twenty minutes to free the ship from the sea bed mud and surface successfully . On the 9 January 1917 , " K3 " ’ s boiler room was flooded in the North Sea . " K3 " was involved in an accident with the 4th Light Cruiser Squadron , that led to the sinking of , in November 1917 . " K3 " was also involved in the " Battle of May Island " in 1918 . On 2 May 1918 , " K3 " yet again uncontrollably dived to 266 feet which crushed part of the hull . " K3 " was sold on 26 October 1921 in London .
Bernard Mond Bernard Stanisław Mond ( Spanier ) ( November 14 , 1887 in Stanisławów – July 5 , 1957 in Kraków ) was a Jewish general of Polish Army in the interwar period . He fought in First World War , Polish - Ukrainian War , Polish - Soviet War and Second World War . Early life . He was the son of Salomea and Maurcy Spanier , a railway official . In 1907 Bernard finished the gymnasium in Brody , having joined a youth organization which agitated for Polish independence . Between 1907 and 1908 he served in the Austro - Hungarian Army . In 1908 he began studies in the Department of Law at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów . In 1910 he interrupted his studies to finish an administrative course at the District Railway Authority of Lwów , and worked for this department until 1913 . Afterwards he resumed his study of law . World War I . At the beginning of World War I he was called up into the Austro - Hungarian Army where he served as a company commander . He was taken prisoner by the Russians in 1916 and sent to a POW camp . In November 1918 he commanded the " Citadel " section in the defence of Lwów during the Polish – Ukrainian War . He was wounded near Kijów on June 6 , 1920 during the Polish - Soviet War . From May to October 1921 he was the commander of the town of Wilno . In 1932 he was made a brigadier general by the Polish president Ignacy Mościcki and between 1932 and 1938 he commanded the Polish 6th Infantry Division of the Kraków Army . In 1935 , after the death of the Polish leader Józef Piłsudski , Mond was the one who made the funeral arrangements for his former commander . World War II . In September 1939 his division defended the " Pszczyna corridor " against the German invasion . During the war he was imprisoned in a German Prisoner - of - war camp . After the war . He returned to Poland in 1946 and took a managerial position in Orbis ( A National International Bus Travel Company ) . In 1950 he was dismissed ( most likely because of the political background and / or political views ) and had to work as a handyman in building material s warehouse in Poland .
Multiple Barrel Firearm A Multiple Barrel Firearm is a firearm of any type with more than one barrel , usually to increase the rate of fire / hitting probability and to reduce barrel erosion / overheating . Originally a primitive attempt of rapid fire before the introduction of belt - feed / magazines and automatic weapons . It must be noted that Project SALVO revealed that any Multi Barrel Assault Rifle / Machine Gun with a rifle calibre above 5 . 56 x 45 mm NATO and the possible exception of Pistol / Intermediate rounds ( IE : 9 x 19 mm Parabellum , . 30 Carbine , 7 . 62 x 39 mm M43 ) is unsuitable for infantry use . Combo weapons ( IE M16 with underslung M203 , OICW etc . ) or Twin / Multiple Mounted weapons are NOT to be classed as Multiple Barrel Firearms . Weapons such as Derringer Pistols , Double Barrel shotguns etc . could be classed as an example but not necessarily worth listing here . = Examples =
CZ 82 The Česká zbrojovka Vz . 82 is a compact semi - automatic pistol made for the Czechoslovakian military . " Vz " is an abbreviation for " vzor " , which translates to " model . " A civilian export version is called the CZ 83 . Overview . Manufactured by the Czechoslovak firm Česká zbrojovka the vz . 82 replaced the 7 . 62x25mm Tokarev vz . 52 pistol in Czechoslovak military service in 1983 . It is a compact , double - action , semi - automatic pistol with a conventional blowback action . This type of action allows the barrel to remain solidly fixed to the frame , resulting in improved accuracy over pistols with pivoting barrels ( like the U . S . M1911 series ) . The low bore axis of the vz . 82 provides for less muzzle rise and quicker follow - up shots . For added convenience , both the frame - mounted thumb safety and the magazine release are ambidextrous . The vz . 82 was the first service pistol to feature both these features . The bore is chrome plated , which gives it three advantages : longer barrel life , resistance to rust from the use of corrosive ammunition , and ease of cleaning . Another feature of this pistol is the use of polygonal rifling in the barrel bore . This replaces the traditional lands and grooves rifling design with a rounded , smooth polygonal pattern which has a more " hills and valleys " appearance . Curio and Relic . The vz . 82 was added to the US government ' s " Curio and Relic " list with the Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms , and Explosives ( BATFE ) in February 2007 , after an individual wrote a letter to the ATF attaching a letter from a federal museum curator who stated that the vz . 82 had " museum interest " as a curio and relic . Caliber . The Vz . 82 was made in 9x18mm only while the CZ 83 is available in a variety of finishes and chamberings :
William Mervine William Mervine ( 14 March 1791 – 15 September 1868 ) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy , whose career included service in the War of 1812 , the Mexican - American War and the American Civil War . Biography . Born at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , Mervine was appointed midshipman in January 1809 . Serving on Lake Ontario during the War of 1812 , he later cruised off Africa and South America , in the West Indies and in the Pacific . While in command of the during the war with Mexico , 1846 – 47 , he led a detachment of sailors and United States Marines against Monterey , California , and on 7 July 1846 , took possession and hoisted the American flag over the city . On 7 – 9 October 1846 , Mervine led 203 U . S . Marines , 147 American sailors , and volunteers in the invasion of Los Angeles where he lost the Battle of Dominguez Rancho . Fourteen Marines were killed . José Antonio Carrillo , a Californio rancher , led 50 Spanish Californio lancers in that defeat of Mervine and the American forces . Serving also during the Civil War , he commanded the Gulf Blockading Squadron from 6 May 1861 , until obliged by ill health to give up the command on 22 September 1861 . He died at Utica , New York . Namesake . The Navy has named two destroyers in his honor .
USS Charlemagne The USS " Charlemagne " is a fictional Brig of War of the Continental Navy . She is known as the first Continental command of Captain Isaac Biddlecomb in James L . Nelson s " Revolution at Sea " series . She was originally built as a privateer but was taken into the Rhode Island State Navy to stop HMS Rose in her attempt to stop all smuggling in that colony . There she accompanied the " Katy " in capturing the " Rose ' s " tender , " Diana " . She was then purchased by the Continental Army for a mission to liberate gunpowder on Bermuda . On the way , however , she was taken by " HMS Glasgow " , but was later retaken by her crew . She made it back to Boston with a prize full of valuable gunpowder . She was later purchased by the Continental Congress to become one of the first ships of the United States navy . She accompanied Commodore Esek Hopkins in the Battle of Nassau and the capture of the brig Bolton . She took part in the squadron ' s fight with the " Glasgow " as chased her all the way to Newport . Before that mission , Ezra Rumstick had been demoted by the Continental Congress to second lieutenant , while a Roger Tottenhill from North Carolina took his place as first . Isaac Biddlecomb disliked Tottenhill , but tried not to show it , and was , in fact , accused of descrimination against Southerners by various members of his crew . When the convoy of men - o - war ( mostly converted merchantmen ) captured three Bahamian schooners , Biddlecomb was asked by the commodore to take charge of one of them , leaving Tottenhil in charge of the " Charlemagne " . He did , taking with him most of his Northerner crew , and leaving Tottenhil more convinced of his descrimination against Southerners than ever . Her next mission was to carry Benjamin Franklin to France . After this was accomplished , she raided the British coast and succeeded in taking the HMS Swan and HMS Hector . She later returned to Philadelphia in 1777 . She was finally sunk by the HMS Merlin in the fall of 1777 off New Jersey .
Horio Tadaharu Horio Tadaharu ( 堀尾 忠晴 ; 1596 – 26 October 1633 ) was a tozama daimyō in Japan during the Edo period . His father was Horio Tadauji and his grandfather was Horio Yoshiharu . He was the third leader of the Matsue clan . In 1604 , Tadaharu succeeded to the leadership of his house on the early death of his father Tadauji ; his grandfather acted as regent because of his youth . Between 1607 and 1611 he completed the construction of Matsue Castle . In 1611 , Yoshiharu died , and Tadaharu took up personal leadership . In 1619 , when the domain of Fukushima Masanori was seized , Tadaharu received Hiroshima Castle , which had belonged to Masanori . In 1633 , Tadaharu died . The main line of the Horio clan thus came to an end ; however , a branch of the family became retainers of the Matsudaira clan over the Matsue Domain . There is a wooden statue of Tadaharu at Enjō - ji Temple in Matsue .
R - 2 ( missile ) The R - 2 rocket ( NATO reporting name SS - 2 Sibling , Soviet code 8Zh38 ) was developed based on R - 1 design . This was an improved version of the German V - 2 rocket manufactured by the Soviet Union . The R - 1 was quickly followed by an evolutionary improvement , the R - 2 ( SS - 2 ) , which had a longer range and at least four major differences in design . The weight was increased by 50 % , but the range was more than doubled , to . R - 2 had the following major differences from the R - 1 ' s ( and hence from the V - 2 ' s ) design : The first test flight of the R - 2 took place in September 1949 , and it was accepted for service in November 1951 , actually entering service in large numbers around 1953 . A grand total of 1 , 545 R - 1 and R - 2 missiles were produced . The R - 2 missile was the last Soviet missile based on German designs . While some German influences would clearly remain , Soviet missiles after the R - 2 would be based on original designs by the OKB - 1 group . The R - 2A geophysical rocket was developed for vertical sounding flights . It carried dogs , monkeys , hamsters , and various high - altitude physics experiments in its nose cone . Two pods performed atmospheric analysis and were ejected from the missile ' s side to avoid contamination by engine exhaust .
USS Garrard ( APA - 84 ) USS " Garrard " ( APA - 84 ) was a " Gilliam " - class attack transport that served with the US Navy during World War II . Like numerous other ships in her class , she had an active service life of less than two years . " Garrard " was named after Garrard County , Kentucky . She was laid down under Maritime Commission contract by Consolidated Steel at Wilmington , California on 28 October 1944 ; launched 13 January 1945 ; acquired by the Navy 2 March 1945 ; and commissioned at San Pedro 3 March 1945 , Lieutenant Commander Walter Barnett , Jr . , in command . Operational history . World War II . After shakedown and amphibious training along the California Coast , " Garrard " embarked sailors and Army Aviation Engineers and departed Seattle 3 May for the Western Pacific . Steaming via Pearl Harbor , Eniwetok , and Guam , she arrived Ulithi , Carolines , 28 May . Invasion of Okinawa . She sailed 20 June for Okinawa and reached Hagushi Beach the 24th . As her gunners helped repel Japanese air attacks , she landed men and cargo of the 854th Aviation Engineers before departing for Leyte , Philippine Islands , 28 June . " Garrard " embarked fleet replacements , loaded cargo and mail , and departed 8 July as a logistics support ship to supply the 3d Fleet off the Japanese coast . She rendezvoused 17 July ; and , after completing transfer of men and cargo by highline , she sailed 22 July for Eniwetok , where she arrived the 26th . After hostilities . After serving as a receiving ship , " Garrard " departed 13 August to once more carry men and cargo to the 3rd Fleet . She rendezvoused 17 August , embarked sailors and marines at sea for occupation duty in Japan , then steamed for Japan 20 August with Task Force 31 . Arriving Tokyo Bay 27 August , she debarked her troops at Yokosuka 30 August . Between 10 and 15 September she steamed to Sendai , Japan , and back to transport liberated prisoners of war . After embarking 726 veterans , she departed Yokosuka 13 October and sailed to the United States , where she arrived Portland , Oregon , 25 October . Operation Magic Carpet . Assigned to Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift to take demobilizing soldiers home , " Garrard " departed San Francisco for the Philippines 19 November . Reaching Manila 11 December , she embarked 905 homebound troops and sailed for San Francisco 14 December . Arriving 3 January 1946 , she entered Mare Island Naval Shipyard before sailing for Seattle 6 February . Decommission . After completing an inactivation overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard , she decommissioned at Bellingham , Washington , 21 May 1946 . Transferred to the War Shipping Administration on 29 June , she entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Olympia , Washington . She was sold to Zidell Exploration Company Inc . of Portland , Oregon , for scrapping 3 June 1963 . The ship was de - constructed and the metal was used to build several large barges for exploration uses by Zidell Exploration Company . The remainder of the ships metal and other materials were sold to several private corporations . Decorations . " Garrard " received two battle star s for World War II service .