naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Rawlins ( APA - 226 ) USS " Rawlins " ( APA - 226 ) was a that saw service with the US Navy in World War II . " Rawlins " was named after Rawlins County , Kansas . She was built under Maritime Commission contract ( MCV hull 672 ) , was laid down by Kaiser Shipbuilding of Vancouver , Washington on 10 August 1944 , launched 21 October 1944 , and delivered to the Maritime Commission 10 November 1941 . She was acquired by the Navy on loan - charter basis and commissioned 11 November 1944 , Comdr . C . S . Beightler in command . Operational history . World War II . Following shakedown and training off the California coast " Rawlins " put into San Francisco for loading and routing to South Pacific ports . On 16 January 1945 , she sailed for New Caledonia with miscellaneous cargo and Army replacement units . After delivery to Nouméa , she continued on to Guadalcanal , arriving 8 February to join TransRon 18 , then rehearsing for Operation Iceberg , the assault on Okinawa . Invasion of Okinawa . On 14 March " Rawlins " , with 1st Marine Division units embarked , got underway for Ulithi for final logistics and on 27 March sailed for the Hagushi beaches on Okinawa . Arriving 1 April she remained until the 5th then retired to Saipan , whence she continued east to San Francisco . In July she returned to Okinawa with reinforcements , then , in early August , carried fresh troops to the Philippines from the east coast . After hostilities . After the cessation of hostilities , " Rawlins " ferried occupation troops to Japan , then at the end of October was assigned to transport Army troops from the Philippines to San Francisco . On 27 July 1946 she terminated her last Operation Magic Carpet run at Pearl Harbor , then swung south , transited the Panama Canal , and on 5 August arrived at Norfolk for inactivation . Decommission . Navy owned as of 26 May 1946 , " Rawlins " decommissioned 15 November 1946 and was berthed at Norfolk as a unit of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet . There for the next 12 years , " Rawlins " was transferred to the Maritime Administration 19 September 1958 and her name was struck from the Navy List 1 October 1958 . She was sold for scrap in August 1987 . Decorations . " Rawlins " received one battle star for World War II service .
Comitatenses The comitatenses and later the palatini were the units of the field armies of the late Roman Empire . Terminology . Comitatenses is the Latin plural of comitatensis , originally the adjective derived from " comitatus " ( ' company , party , suite ' ; in this military context it came to the novel meaning of ' the field army ' ) , itself rooting in " Comes " ( ' companion ' , but hence specific historical meanings , military and civilian ) . However , historically it became the accepted ( substantivated ) name for those Roman imperial troops ( legion s and auxiliary ) which were not merely garrisoned at a limes ( fortified border , on the Rhine and Danube in Europe and near Persia and the desert tribes elsewhere ) — the " limitanei " or " ripenses " , i . e . ' along the shores ' — but more mobile line troops ; furthermore there were second line troops , named " pseudocomitatenses " , former limitanei attached to the comitatus ; " palatini " , elite ( " palace " ) units typically assigned to the " magister militum " ; and the " scholae palatinae " of actual palace guards , usually under the " magister officiorum " , a senior court official of the Late Empire . List of " comitatenses " units . Among the " comitatenses " units listed by " Notitia Dignitatum " there are : References . Primary Sources . www . nationmaster . com / encyclopedia / Comes
Sudiţi " For the commune in Ialomiţa County , see Sudiți , Ialomița . For the villages in Buzău County , see Gherăseni and Poșta Câlnău . " The Sudiţi ( plural of " Sudit " - Romanian language , from Italian " suddito " , meaning " subject " or " " ) were inhabitants of the Danubian Principalities ( Wallachia and Moldavia ) who , for the latter stage of the 18th and a large part of the 19th century — during and after the Phanariote period of rule , were placed under the protection of foreign states ( usually the Habsburg Monarchy , Imperial Russia , and France ) as reward for particular services or in exchange for payment . Rights acquired included immunity from prosecution in front of both local rulers ( " hospodars " ) and the Principalities ' suzerain power , the Ottoman Empire , as well as tax exemption s ; the competing interests of nations involved allowed consuls to traffic " sudiţi " favours and titles . History . The category was established by the 1774 Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca , which led to the creation of foreign consulates in Iaşi and Bucharest . An expanding and powerful social category during the Russo - Turkish wars ( which affected the Principalities ' soil ) , many " sudiţi " were wholesale businessmen who formed guild s ( " bresle " or " isnafuri " ) and successfully competed with Romanians in several fields ( after the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829 allowed the two countries to engage in foreign trade ) , expanding during the period of Russian administration ( 1828 - 1857 ) . Notable " sudiţi " included Tudor Vladimirescu and Dimitrie Macedonski , leaders of the 1821 Wallachian uprising , as well as Ashkenazi Jews who had left various regions in Russia and the Austrian - ruled Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria . The category disappeared after the 1878 Romanian War of Independence .
USS Curlew ( AMS - 8 ) USS " Curlew " ( MSC ( O ) - 8 / AMS - 8 / YMS - 218 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She was the fourth U . S . Navy ship to be named for the curlew . History . Laid down , 18 July 1942 by the J . N . Martinac Shipbuilding Co . of Tacoma , Washington ; Launched , 23 December 1942 ; Completed and commissioned USS YMS - 218 , 23 June 1943 . She served in the Asiatic - Pacific Theater during World War II , and took part in occupation activities in late 1945 and early 1946 . In early 1947 , after returning to the U . S . West Coast , she was placed out of commission . " YMS - 218 " was reclassified as a Motor Minesweeper , " AMS - 8 " and named " USS Curlew " , 18 February 1947 . " Curlew " recommissioned in June 1949 . " Curlew " was sent to the Western $ 3 a year later to support Korean War operations . During most of that conflict , she was active in the combat zone , performing mine clearance and blockade missions . " Curlew " remained in the Japan - Korea area after the war ended in mid - 1953 . She was redesignated a Coastal Minesweeper ( Old ) , MSC ( O ) - 8 , 7 February 1955 . " Curlew " was transferred to South Korea on 6 January 1956 as ROKS " Geumhwa " ( MSC 519 ) . Returned from South Korea , the veteran minesweeper was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 15 November 1974 , and was disposed of about 1977 .
USS Decoy ( 1822 ) USS " Decoy " was a schooner in the United States Navy during the 1820s . " Decoy " was purchased 27 December 1822 by Commodore David Porter at New York under the name " Zodiac " . On 16 January 1823 she sailed from New York under the command of Lieutenant Lawrence Kearny to join the West Indies Squadron . Newly organized by the Navy for the suppression of piracy in the West Indies , this force was composed of small shallow - draft ships capable of cruising close in shore and ascending rivers in carrying out their mission . " Decoy " was employed as a storeship carrying supplies from New York to the West Indies for this fleet until 22 December 1825 when she arrived at Norfolk Navy Yard . " Decoy " was sold early in January 1826 .
Robert Krauß Robert Krauß ( 20 March 1894 – 20 February 1953 ) was a German staff officer during World War II . He was the air - base - commandant of Halberstadt from 1935 to 1936 and Kolberg from 1938 to 1939 . Career . Robert Krauß was born on 20 March 1894 in Bayreuth , Bavaria , in the Kingdom of Bavaria . As World War I broke out , Krauß entered the Army as a war volunteer with the Replacement Battalion of the 1st Bavarian Field - Artillery - Regiment ( 16 August 1914 – 20 October 1914 ) . By the time World War II began , he was a Oberstleutnant ( Lieutenant Colonel ) . Krauß went on to serve as a Generalmajor in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was an officer with special duties of the RLM and C - in - C Luftwaffe ( 1 November 1939 – 28 February 1940 ) and group - leader in the Regulations - Department , RLM ( 1 March 1940 – 30 September 1940 ) . From 1 October 1940 to 30 April 1941 , he was the commander of the Greater Bomber Flying School 3 in Warsaw and air - base - commandant Warsaw . He was released from captivity in June 1947 and died in Lindau , Germany on 20 February 1953 .
Richard Binder Richard Binder ( July 26 , 1839 – February 26 , 1912 ) was an American Civil War Marine Corps Sergeant and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor . His birth name was Richard Bigle . Biography . Richard Binder , variously described as having been born in either Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , or Germany , served in the U . S . Marine Corps during the Civil War . He joined the service from Pennsylvania in 1861 . In 1864 - 65 , he was assigned to the sloop - of - war . He participated in the two assaults on Fort Fisher , North Carolina , on 24 - December 25 , 1864 ( First Battle of Fort Fisher ) and 13 - January 15 , 1865 ( Second Battle of Fort Fisher ) . He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his performance at those times . Richard Binder died on February 26 , 1912 and was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery , Bala Cynwyd , Pennsylvania . Medal of Honor citation . Sergeant Richard Binder ' s official Medal of Honor citation is as follows : " On board the during the attacks on Fort Fisher , 24 and December 25 , 1864 , and 13 to January 15 , 1865 . Despite heavy return fire by the enemy and the explosion of the 100 - pounder Parrott rifle which killed eight men and wounded 12 more , Sgt . Binder , as captain of a gun , performed his duties with skill and courage during the first two days of battle . As his ship again took position on the 13th , he remained steadfast as the " Ticonderoga " maintained a well - placed fire upon the batteries on shore , and thereafter , as she materially lessened the power of guns on the mound which had been turned upon our assaulting columns . During this action the flag was planted on one of the strongest fortification s possessed by the rebels . "
Rheinmetall RMK30 The RMK 30 ( " Rückstoßfreie Maschinenkanone 30 " ; recoilless autocannon ) is a recoilless 30 mm caliber autocannon firing caseless 30 x 250 mm ammunition cartridges . The gun was developed by the German company Mauser , which is now a subsidiary of the Rheinmetall group . The German BWB required a new recoilless autocannon , therefore the development of the RMK 30 started in 1993 . Contrary to former recoilless weapons it is capable of firing salvos or fully automatic without producing recoil . It is a three - chamber revolver cannon , the revolver and firing mechanism are driven by an electric motor , allowing variable rates of fire of up to 300 rounds / min . Part of the propellant gases is ejected to the rear of the cannon , compensating for the recoil and allowing lightweight and less rigid mounts . Though recoilless the RMK 30 has a higher muzzle energy than conventional 30 mm autocannons . RMK 30 cannons have been proposed as upgrade for the Bundeswehr ' s ( German armed forces ) Tiger UHT attack helicopters . The UHT version currently lacks a gun , since the German Army was not happy with the recoil , accuracy and the range of the French GIAT 30 mm cannon which is fitted to other Tiger versions . In 1996 it was tested mounted on a Wiesel AWC . An unusual study ( Project MORAINE ) suggests mounting an RMK 30 gun in a retractable mast on a Type 212 submarine . Such masts would extend the capabilities of submarine s , which currently lack appropriate means to fight small surface targets or just give warning shots . This study has directly led to the Muraena concept .
Besson MB . 411 The Besson MB . 411 was a French two - seat spotter and observation floatplane , designed by Besson . Development . In 1932 , Besson created the MB . 410 by replacing the twin floats of the MB . 35 with a single main float and two outrigger floats just inboard of the wingtips . The engine was cowled and fuselage streamlining was improved . The prototype was destroyed in a fatal accident during testing . The French Navy required a spotter aircraft for its new submarine " Surcouf " , and ordered a production version , designated " MB . 411 " . Operational history . The first MB . 411 served from September 1935 , until the sinking of the " Surcouf " off the West Indies in February 1942 . This is not true . In 1940 , Surcouf was based in Cherbourg , but in May , when the Germans invaded , she was being refitted in Brest . With only one engine functioning and with a jammed rudder , she limped across the English Channel and sought refuge in Plymouth . Surcouf was being refit and the plane was not on board when the sub left Brest . It was still not aboard when they USN did work on the sub in New Hampshire after crossing the Atlantic before going to Bermuda then being sunk . The second aircraft served the Aeronavale Escadrille 7 - S - 4 ar St Mandrier .
Taiwan Army of Japan The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army recruited from , and stationed , on the island of Taiwan as a garrison force . History . Following the First Sino - Japanese War , the Treaty of Shimonoseki transferred control of Taiwan from Qing dynasty China to the Empire of Japan . The Japanese government established the Governor - General of Taiwan based in Taipei . The Governor - General of Taiwan was given control of local military forces on 20 August 1919 , which formed the nucleus of the Taiwan Army of Japan . Primarily a garrison force , the Taiwan Army of Japan was placed under control of the Shanghai Expeditionary Army at the start of the Second Sino - Japanese War in 1937 . A component of the Taiwan Army , the Taiwan Independent Combined Brigade , was active in numerous campaigns on the Chinese mainland , and was later expanded into the 48th Infantry Division . Towards the end of World War II , as the situation looked increasingly desperate for Japan , the Taiwan Army was merged with several other units garrisoning the island of Taiwan against possible Allied invasion , and the Taiwan Army was absorbed into the new Japanese Tenth Area Army on 22 September 1944 , under which it formed the Taiwan District Army on 1 February 1945 , but its command was directly by the Japanese 10th Area Army .
1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery is a regiment of the Royal Horse Artillery in the British Army . It currently serves in the armoured field artillery role , and is equipped with the AS - 90 self - propelled gun . They are currently based in Assaye Barracks in Tidworth . Under Army 2020 , it will move to Larkhill . Current role . Unit trades . Gunner Command systems ; Gunner AS 90 ; Gunner Logistics ; Gunner Observation Post Assistant ; History . World War II . 1st RHA then joined 10 Armd Division in Aleppo and spent the next year training all over Syria , Palestine and the Suez Canal Zone . 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery then landed in Italy from Palestine in May 1944 at Taranto , and were in action south of Rome on 15 May 1944 and thereafter played a full part in the remainder of the Italian Campaign and finished the war in Italy 1st RHA moved to Assaye Barracks in Tidworth in preparation for the AS - 90 Self - propelled artillery . Recent and current conflicts . Operation TELIC in Iraq . August and September 2004 were particularly violent , resulting in the loss of Cpl Marc Taylor REME and Gunner David Lawrence in an improvised explosive device / rocket - propelled grenade attack on their convoy . Sgt Terry Bryan received a Conspicuous Gallantry Cross for his role as a commander .
AWC G2 The AWC G2 is a bullpup sniper rifle configuration produced in the early 1990s by two distinguished American gun designers . History . Lynn McWilliams , owner of AWC Systems Technologies selected the M14 / M1A weapon platform to develop a sniper bullpup he designated the G2 Compact series . McWilliams worked closely with Gale McMillan , founder of McMillan Rifle Stock to designed and produced a bullpup stock exclusively for AWC System Technologies . Capable of 1 MOA accuracy , the G2 was tested by a number of governmental agencies in the United States and foreign countries seeking to breathe new life into a venerable battle - proven platform , the M14 . The G2 series had a number of variations , primarily surrounding barrel weights , scope mounts and AWC ' s suppressor capabilities and both semi - automatic and full - auto versions were eventually produced . The last significant development of this weapon system , the G2A + was produced and delivered for testing at the Fort Bragg sniper school . The rifle was fitted with a heavy stainless Krieger match barrel and Lynn McWilliams ' final scope mount design . The scope mount and selection was of paramount importance because the raised nature of the optics , combined with the peculiar “ G ” load factor produced by the weapon , created a harsh environment for anything except for the strongest of optics . Production . The AWC G2 was produced in very small quantities for both the U . S . Government and individual sales . Less than one hundred semi - automatic variants were produced in four colors ( black , white , green and panzer grey ) and one fully automatic variant is known to have been produced ( black only ) . Variants . The G2A variant differed from the G2 version , inasmuch as it sported a heavier barrel and new generation scope mount system . The final production version , the AWC G2A + variant , seen in the photo , included both the heavy barrel and the final scope mount configuration and mounting ( keyed and epoxied ) system . The G2FA was a full automatic version of the G2 .
USS Chimo ( ACM - 1 ) The second USS " Chimo " ( ACM - 1 ) was the lead ship of her class of minelayers in the United States Navy during World War II . " Chimo " was built as USAMP " Colonel Charles W . Bundy " for the U . S . Army Mine Planter Service by Marietta Manufacturing Co . , Point Pleasant , West Virginia ; converted at Norfolk Navy Yard ; acquired by the U . S . Navy on 7 April 1944 ; commissioned the same day , Lieutenant J . W . Gross , USNR , in command ; and reported to the Atlantic Fleet . Service history . Normandy invasion operations . " Chimo " sailed from Norfolk on 13 May 1944 for Plymouth and the Normandy beaches . She lay at anchor off Utah Beach from 7 to 19 June as flagship of Commander Minesweepers West , providing tender services to British and United States minesweeping forces as they kept lanes open for the movement of supplies vital to the invasion buildup . Between 20 June 1944 and 5 March 1945 , " Chimo " operated from Plymouth along the coast of France at Cherbourg , bay of Saint - Brieuc , and Brest . She cleared Plymouth on 5 March for overhaul in the States and on 11 June , departed Norfolk arriving at San Diego on 3 July for voyage repairs and training . Pacific Ocean operations . In mid - September 1945 , " Chimo " began duty off Eniwetok , Saipan , and Okinawa until 1 February 1946 , when she put into Sasebo . " Chimo " cleared Sasebo on 10 March for Saipan , Eniwetok , Pearl Harbor , and San Francisco , arriving 16 April . Decommissioning . " Chimo " was decommissioned 21 May 1946 , transferred to the War Shipping Administration and sold 28 September 1948 . The ship was sold 1963 to become tuna seiner MV " Day Island " . " Chimo " received two battle stars for World War II service .
Lancaster raid The Lancaster raid ( February 10 , 1675 ) was an attack on the frontier community of Lancaster , Massachusetts by Metacom ( also known as " King Philip " ) during King Philip ' s War . Metacom led a force of 1 , 500 Wampanoag , Nipmuc , and Narragansett Indians in a dawn attack on the isolated village ( which then included all or part of the neighboring modern communities of Bolton and Clinton ) . They attacked five fortified houses . The house of the minister , Rev . Joseph Rowlandson , was set on fire , and most of its occupants ( more than 30 people ) were slaughtered . Rowlandson ' s wife Mary was taken prisoner , and afterward wrote a best - selling captivity narrative of her experiences . Many of the community ' s other houses were destroyed before the Indians retreated northward .
Battle of Decatur The Battle of Decatur was a demonstration conducted from October 26 to October 29 , 1864 , as part of the Franklin - Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War . Union forces of 3 – 5 , 000 men under Brig . Gen . Robert S . Granger prevented the 39 , 000 men of the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen . John B . Hood from crossing the Tennessee River at Decatur , Alabama . Background . John Bell Hood was marching through northern Alabama on his way to an invasion of Union - held Tennessee . His army had departed northwest from the vicinity of Atlanta , Georgia , in late September 1864 , hoping their destruction of Union supply lines would lure Maj . Gen . William T . Sherman ' s Union army into battle . Sherman pursued Hood as far as Gaylesville , Alabama , but decided to return his army to Atlanta and instead conduct a March to the Sea through Georgia . He gave responsibility for the defense of Tennessee to Maj . Gen . George H . Thomas at Nashville . Hood departed from Gadsden , Alabama , on October 22 , en route to Guntersville , Alabama , where he planned to cross the Tennessee River . Learning that crossing place was strongly guarded , and concerned that Federal gunboats could destroy any pontoon bridge he might deploy , he impulsively changed his destination to Decatur , 40 miles west . Battle . When Hood arrived at Decatur on October 26 , he found a Federal infantry force of 3 , 000 to 5 , 000 men defending an entrenched line that included two forts and 1 , 600 yards of rifle pits . Two Federal gunboats patrolled the river . On October 27 , Hood arranged his army as it arrived to encircle Decatur . The next morning , he sent Confederate skirmishers through a dense fog to a ravine within 800 yards of the main fortifications . At about noon , a Federal regiment drove the skirmishers out of the ravine , capturing 125 men . Hood could not afford the casualties from a full - scale assault and decided to cross the Tennessee River elsewhere . He marched further the west and crossed near Tuscumbia , Alabama , where Muscle Shoals prevented interference by the Federal gunboats . Aftermath . Union forces burned down the city of Decatur , including the railroad bridge , leaving several structures standing , four of which survive today : the Old State Bank , the Dancy - Polk House , the Todd House , and the McEntire House . Slugs can still be found in the masonry of the Greek Revival bank building .
Walter Cook Walter Cook VC ( 18 June 1834 – c . 1864 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was about 25 years old , and a private in the 42nd Regiment ( later The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 at Maylah Ghat , India for which he and Private Duncan Millar were awarded the VC : The pipe tune " Lawson ' s Men " was written about the incident .
Martin Russ Martin Faxon Russ ( February 14 , 1931 – December 6 , 2010 ) was an American military author , Marine , and associate professor at Carnegie - Mellon University . His first book , " The Last Parallel , " a New York Times bestseller and a Book of the Month Club selection , was based ( with changed names ) on his service in the First Battalion of the First Regiment of the First Marine Division during the Korean War . J . D . Salinger called it “ a very legitimate , sinewy , authentic war book ” ; it was later optioned , but not produced , by director Stanley Kubrick . Most of his later work was based on interviews with combat veterans .