naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bosjökloster Bosjökloster ( ) on the shore of Lake Ringsjön in Höör Municipality , Scania , southern Sweden was originally a nunnery , founded in 1080 by the Benedictine Order . The oldest preserved document that mentions Bosjö Abbey was written by Pope Lucius III in 1181 , when he confirmed its privileges . According to local legend , the land was donated by Tord Thott , the first known ancestor of the Scanian noble family Thott . The abbey was transformed into a castle in the 16th century , and only parts of the original building remains . History . During the Danish Reformation in the 16th century , the nunnery was closed down and the estate became Danish crown property . It was subsequently donated to the former archbishop of Lund , Torbern Bille , under the condition that he took care of the remaining nuns . In 1560 Frederick II of Denmark gave the estate as a barter to the widowed Scanian noble woman Thale Ulfstand . Her initials and the year 1569 are carved into the large oak doors of the entrance and are still visible . The castle passed to the Beck family through marriage in 1629 , but when Jochum Beck lost the family fortune , it was sold to Corfitz Ulfeldt to repay his debts . Ulfeldt was a Danish aristocrat famous for having switched sides . When he showed up at the peace negotiations at the Treaty of Roskilde proceedings to negotiate on behalf of Sweden , he was convicted of treason by a Danish court . Soon thereafter , he was also convicted of treason by a Swedish court , and was forced into exile . His wife Leonora Christina , daughter of Christian IV , was captured in his place by the Danish authorities and was imprisoned in the Blue Tower in Copenhagen for 22 years . The composer Hilding Rosenberg was born here in 1892 . Today . Bosjökloster Castle was sequestrated by the Swedish state and fell into disrepair . After a lawsuit in 1735 , Bosjökloster was returned to the Beck family , who renovated the castle . They sold it in 1908 to Count Philip Bonde , whose family still owns Bosjökloster .
Reiherstieg Schiffswerfte & Maschinenfabrik Reiherstieg Schiffswerfte & Maschinenfabrik , also known as Reiherstiegwerft , was a German shipbuilding company , located on the Reiherstieg River in Hamburg . It was founded in 1706 by Lucas Kramer . During World War I Reiherstiegwerft built three U 151 U - boats for the Kaiserliche Marine , the " U - 151 " , " U - 152 " and " U - 153 " .
United States Office of War Information The United States Office of War Information ( OWI ) was a U . S . government agency created during World War II to consolidate government information services . It operated from June 1942 until September 1945 . It coordinated the release of war news for domestic use , and , using poster s and radio broadcasts , worked to promote patriotism , warn about foreign spies and recruit women into war work . The office also established an overseas branch , which launched a large scale information and propaganda campaign abroad .
NIPRNet The Non - classified Internet Protocol ( IP ) Router Network ( abbreviated as " NIPRNet , " but commonly written " NIPRNET " ) , but prevalently referred to as the " Non - classified IP Router Network , " is used to exchange sensitive but unclassified information between " internal " users as well as providing users access to the Internet . NIPRNet is composed of Internet Protocol routers owned by the United States Department of Defense ( DOD ) . It was created in the 1980s and managed by the Defense Information Systems Agency ( DISA ) to supersede the earlier MILNET . NIPRNET is the largest private network in the world . Over the last decades it has grown faster than the U . S . Department of Defense can monitor , which is why DoD spent $ 10 million in 2010 to map out the current state of the NIPRNET , in an effort to analyze its expansion , and identify unauthorized users , who are suspected to have quietly joined the network . The NIPRNET survey , which uses IPSonar software developed by Lumeta Corporation , also looked for weakness in security caused by network configuration . The Department of Defense has made a major effort over the last few years , to improve network security . The Pentagon announced it was requesting $ 2 . 3 billion in the 2012 budget to bolster network security within the Defense Department and to strengthen ties with its counterparts at the Homeland Security Department . SIPRNet and NIPRNet are referred to colloquially as " sipper - net " and " nipper - net " ( or simply " sipper " and " nipper " ) , respectively .
David Richardson ( American journalist ) David Richardson ( 1916 – 2005 ) was an American journalist and United States Army soldier . A member of Merrill ' s Marauders , he became famous for his behind the lines coverage of their combat exploits during the Burma Campaign of World War II . His articles for Yank , the Army Weekly describing the Marauders ' campaign ' s record - setting marches and heavy sustained fighting were noted as " [ capturing ] the flavor of battle , as well as the Marauders ' jingoistic pride and derring - do " . Biography . Born in New Jersey , Richardson was initially rejected by the Army for being underweight and subsequently enlisted as a reporter . Reaching the rank of Technical Sergeant , he volunteered to chronicle the 1 , 000 mile march of the 5307th Composite Unit ( Provisional ) , better known as Merrill ' s Marauders , and their subsequent fighting . Burma Campaign . In 1943 , Richardson joined the Marauders and began a four month training program to prepare himself and the other Marauders for their attack . In February 1944 , the Marauders began their four month march over the Himalayas and through the Burmese jungle . Unusual for a reporter , Richardson would often fight alongside his fellow soldiers . David Quaid , a photojournalist , remarked that " The stuff he wrote was like what no one else was doing . . . . When it got dicey , the only correspondent there was Dave Richardson . " Retirement . Richardson retired in 1982 and settled down in Washington , DC . Giving several speeches during his retirement years , he was quoted as saying that the reason why he was constantly at the forefront of combat and other dangers was " for a good story . " He died at the age of 88 , in 2005 of prostate cancer . Awards . David Richardson is believed to be the most highly decorated journalist of World War II . He received two Bronze Stars , the Legion of Merit and the Combat Infantryman Badge . It is reported that he would have been eligible to be awarded the Purple Heart for a head wound in New Guinea , however he refused treatment and returned to action , wearing an eyepatch . Refusing treatment prevented proper documentation of the incident for the award citation . References . Matt Schudel , Washington Post " Foreign correspondent David Richardson dies " Sunday , January 30 , 2005 .
Battle of Valverde ( 1385 ) The Battle of Valverde was fought in 14 October 1385 , near Valverde de Mérida , Castile , between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile , and was part of the Portuguese Crisis of 1383 – 1385 . Prelude . Two months after the decisive Portuguese victory in the Battle of Aljubarrota , the Constable of Portugal Nuno Álvares Pereira had decided to take the offensive and invade Castile . The Portuguese army departed from Estremoz , passing by Vila Viçosa and Olivença . He then entered into Castilian territory , where he took Villagarcia , which he found undefended , from here he then proceeded to the town of Valverde . While waiting for reinforcements , the Castilians marched on to face the Portuguese and prevent them from crossing the river Guadiana . The Castilian reinforcements were made up mainly of local townspeople and the army numbered about 20 , 000 men , with the presence of several nobles . Among them , the Master of the Order of Calatrava , Gonzalo Núñez de Guzman , the Master of the Order of Alcántara , the Portuguese Martim Anes de Barbuda and Pedro Muñiz de Godoy y Sandoval , Master of the Order of Santiago . Battle . A portion of the Castilian army crossed the river and placed themselves on the opposite shore , while the rest remained where they were with the plan of surrounding the Portuguese while they crossed the river . Nuno Álvares Pereira then ordered his army to form a square with the baggage on the center , and impetuously crossed the Castilian forces , which attempted to oppose him . Upon reaching the river shore , Nuno Álvares Pereira ordered his rearguard to protect the baggage and fight the enemy , while with his vanguard he crossed over . The Castilian forces on the opposite shore , numbering about 10 , 000 men , unsuccessfully oppose their landing . After placing the Portuguese vanguard in position , defending the shore from the Castilians , Nuno Álvares Pereira again crossed the river to reach his rearguard , which was under a rain of arrow s launched from the Castilian side . The Constable of Portugal noticing that the Castilians had used all of their projectiles , ordered an attack . Nuno Álvares Pereira himself , seeing the banner of the Grand Master of Santiago , fought his way through the Castilian army until encountering him , and after a brief duel , the Grand Master fell mortally wounded . With his fall and the overthrow of his standard , the Castilian army demoralized and was soon broken and in disorder , and could not stop the Portuguese attack , being quickly and totally defeated . Aftermath . The Portuguese army pursued the Castilians till nightfall , returning to Portugal in the morning . The disaster that Castile experienced at Aljubarrota was thus quickly followed by another crushing defeat at Valverde . Most of the Portuguese towns that were still occupied by the Castilians soon surrendered to John I of Portugal .
Germany and the Second World War Germany and the Second World War ( ) is a 12 , 000 page , 13 - volume set of books published by the Deutsche Verlags - Anstalt DVA , which has taken academics from the military history centre of the German armed forces 30 years to finish . Germany and the Second World War is the English translation of the series . In 1990 , Clarendon Press ( an imprint of Oxford University Press ) began publishing an English translation of the German work . This effort is on - going in 2012 , with 9 of the 13 parts having been published at a rate of one approximately every two years . In the following table , the publishing dates of the final four parts are approximate . The volumes are ( German title in brackets ) : See also . History of the Second World War
USS Fulmar ( AMS - 47 ) USS " Fulmar " ( AMS - 47 / YMS - 193 ) was a acquired by the U . S . Navy for use in World War II . Her task was to clear minefields in coastal waterways . " Fulmar " was laid down , 31 October 1942 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Co . , Long Island , Greenport , New York ; launched , 2 January 1943 ; completed , 28 June 1943 ; commissioned USS " YMS - 193 " ; reclassified as a motor minesweeper and named " Fulmar " ( AMS 47 ) , 1 September 1947 ; and reclassified as a coastal minesweeper ( Old ) , MSC ( O ) - 47 , 7 February 1955 . " Fulmar " was struck from the Naval Register , 1 October 1968 and sold . Her ultimate fate is unknown .
James Travers General James Travers VC CB ( 6 October 1820 – 1 April 1884 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Military background . James Travers came from a distinguished Anglo - Irish military family , and all seven of his brothers ( three of whom were killed in India ) served in the armed forces . They were the sons of Major - General Sir Robert Travers ( 1770 – 1834 ) C . B . , K . C . M . G . , of the 95th Rifle Brigade , who was one of six brothers who again all served in the military , and one of three to be knighted for their services , including Rear - Admiral Sir Eaton Stannard Travers ( 1777 – 1858 ) , who was engaged in battle with the enemy upwards of over one hundred times , and was mentioned in dispatches eight times for gallantry . James Travers grew up in County Cork , where the first of his ancestors to be born there , Sir Robert Travers M . P . , was killed at the Battle of Knocknarness in 1647 . Military career . James Travers was educated at the military college at Addiscombe . He received a commission in the Bengal infantry and arrived in Calcutta in January 1838 . He served with the 57th native infantry at Barrackpore and then the 2nd native infantry at Firozpur . He served with this regiment in Afghanistan between 1840 and 1842 , being mentioned in despatches in action at Zamin - Dawar , was involved in a cavalry fight at Mukur , was at the capture of Ghazni and the actions at Beni - badain and Maidan . On his return to Firozpur he was awarded three medals and recommended to be Major by brevet on attaining the rank of Captain . He was appointed adjutant to the Bhopal contingent in March 1843 and promoted to Captain and brevet Major in January 1846 . He was involved in the battle of Sobraon and mentioned in despatches . He was appointed second in command of the Bhopal contingent in March 1846 , promoted to Lt - Colonel on 20 June 1854 , and on 15 February 1856 to be commandant . In 1856 , he commanded a force in the field against the rebel Sankar Singh . After the outbreak of the mutiny in 1857 , he moved from Bhopal to Indur and assumed command of the forces there . Travers was 36 years old , and a Colonel in the 2nd Bengal Native Infantry , Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed led to his award of the Victoria Cross : He returned to duty with the 2nd and on 8 September 1860 was appointed commandant of the Central India Horse and on 23 July 1865 he was promoted to Major General . He was promoted to Lt General in 1873 , General in 1877 , placed on the supernumerary list in 1881 . Travers was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath . He married Mary Isabella Macintyre on 19 November 1849 in Bengal , India . Mary was born in 1830 and died at Kilrock , Bridge of Allan in Scotland on 16 June 1933 . References . city
Willy Marienfeld Willy Marienfeld ( 1 October 1895 – 7 June 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Willy Marienfeld died from wounds on 7 June 1944 in Constanţa , Romania .
41st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 41st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 41st Illinois Infantry was organized at Decatur , Illinois and mustered into Federal service on August 5 , 1861 . The regiment as a whole saw action with the Army of the Tennessee at Fort Donelson , Shiloh , Corinth , Hatchie ' s Bridge , Vicksburg and Meridian . In March , 1864 the veterans of the regiment went of furlough and the newly recruited members of the regiment joined Nathanial Banks ' Army of the Gulf . This non - veteran detachment fought at Fort DeRussy , Pleasant Hill , Mansura and Tupelo . The veterans did not rejoin the regiment after their furlough but instead formed a " Veteran ' s Battalion " and rejoined the Army of the Tennessee in Georgia . They were assigned to guard duty along the railroad near Big Shanty , Marietta and Kenesaw Mountain . Then moved with the army during the March to the Sea and siege of Savannah , Georgia . The regiment was consolidated with the 53rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment on December 23 , 1864 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 8 officers and 107 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 3 officers and 107 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 225 fatalities .
Julius Peter Garesché Julius Peter Garesché ( April 26 , 1821 – December 31 , 1862 ) was an American professional soldier . He was killed at the Battle of Stones River , Tennessee . The Union Army ' s Battery Garesché was named for him . Life . Garesché was born near Havana , Cuba . He was sent to Georgetown College , Washington , in 1833 , and remained there four years . There he was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point , and graduated with the class of 1841 , receiving his commission as a second lieutenant in the 4th U . S . Artillery . The five subsequent years were spent on the frontier and in garrison duty . During the Mexican - American War he served with distinction , and was appointed assistant adjutant - general , with the rank of captain in 1855 . A Catholic , in newark he organized the first local conference of the St . Vincent de Paul Society , and during his residence at the capital acted as its president . He contributed frequently on Catholic , social and political questions , to the New York " Freeman ' s Journal " and " Brownson ' s Quarterly Review " , and in September , 1851 , in recognition of his services to the Church , received from Pope Pius IX the decoration of a Knight of St . Sylvester . When the American Civil War broke out , he declined a commission as brigadier general of volunteers , and was made chief of staff , with the rank of lieutenant colonel in the regular army , to Maj . Gen . William S . Rosecrans . In this capacity he participated in the operations of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Stones River . Riding with General Rosecrans toward the Round Forest , Garesché was decapitated by a cannonball . The battle was his first combat during the Civil War . General Philip H . Sheridan soon afterward happened upon the lifeless body and removed Garesché ' s West Point ring and personal Bible . He was interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington , D . C .
Fort Conti Fort Conti was built in early 1679 at the mouth of the Niagara River on Lake Ontario as a post for the French explorer René - Robert Cavelier , Sieur de La Salle . Because of the fort ' s location , the French hoped to control the fur trade in the lower Great Lakes . The fort was named after Louis Armand I , Prince of Conti , the patron of La Salle ' s lieutenant , Henri de Tonti . The storehouse and stockade were used as a shifting point for ships coming from Fort Frontenac ( modern day Kingston , Ontario ) ; the supplies would then be further shipped by canoes or bateaux up the river to current day Lewiston , New York , portaged up the Niagara Escarpment and carried past Niagara Falls to a place where the swift currents would not endanger the supplies , craft or crew . At this place , believed to be somewhere around current - day La Salle , New York ( part of the city of Niagara Falls , New York , local historians place the site on Cayuga Island in Jayne Park . ) La Salle built a larger boat ( most likely a reassembled boat taken apart at Fort Conti ) , and christened it " Le Griffon " and used her for the exploration of the river and Lake Erie in his search for a passage to the East Indies . In the summer of 1679 the fort was garrisoned by a handful of men while La Salle explored the upper lakes ; The men returned to Fort Frontenac saying it was burned by " Indian raiders " ; probably a cover to escape a brutal windswept winter on the shores of Ontario . The story is unlikely because natives in the area did not begin to become hostile until a few years later . Nonetheless the fort burned in late 1679 , and was never rebuilt . Later the site would serve the French as Fort Denonville , which failed after less than a year and later as the more permanent Fort Niagara which still stands today . The site is now operated by a not - for - profit corporation within Fort Niagara State Park in the town of Porter , just north of Youngstown , New York .
Battle of Gatae The Battle of Gatae was an engagement fought in roughly 103 AD during the Roman Emperor Trajan ' s war with the kingdom of Dacia . There is no serious historical evidence giving an exact place or time to the battle , nor any troop positions , numerical statistics , casualties , or much of anything of that nature . It is not even fully understood if the battle was in of itself a major engagement or merely a small battle or even a large skirmish . Dio Cassius gives a minor mention of the battle , but it is a mere mention . It is understood that this battle did however somehow break the back of the Dacian army and allow the Roman Legions to make serious tactical headway . However , Decebalus , king of Dacia , managed to secure a peace before the capital of Sarmizegetusa was captured .
Geschützwagen Tiger The Geschützwagen Tiger was a German self - propelled gun of World War II that never saw service . The decision to build this heavy artillery based on the chassis of the Tiger II came in June 1942 . The first prototype was tested at the end of the war . The tank never saw service because the Germans were on the brink of surrendering and the unfinished vehicle was captured by the Allies .
Wolfsschlucht II " Führerhauptquartier " Wolfsschlucht II or W2 was the codename used for one of Adolf Hitler ' s World War II Western Front military headquarters located in Margival , 10 km northeast of Soissons in the department of Aisne in France . It was one of many other Führer Headquarters throughout Europe but was used only one time by Adolf Hitler , June 16 and 17 , 1944 for a meeting with Field Marshals Rommel and von Rundstedt about the Normandy Front .
Ouvrage Fressinéa Ouvrage Fressinéa , also known as Fraisinéa or Frassinéa is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line . The ouvrage consists of one entry block , one infantry block and one observation block at an altitude of . It is associated with the " gros ouvrage " of Rimplas , the first Maginot fortification to be constructed anywhere . Fressinéa was built between November 1930 and April 1934 , accommodating 30 soldiers under a lieutenant with two months of provisions . The initial contractor was Pioljeux . Construction was finished by Thorrand et Cie at a cost of 1 . 7 million francs . Description . Fressinéa is located on the D2205 road along the Tinée river . The post controls movement along the road and valley towards Nice . Fressinéa was held by the French Army until 1970 , when it was sold to the commune of Rimplas . The fort is under the care of " Les amis de l ' ouvrage Maginot de la Frassiné " . It is open to the public in spring , summer and fall months .
HMAS Maitland ( naval base ) HMAS " Maitland " was a shore - based naval depot located in the area behind Horseshoe Beach and Nobby ' s Beach , in Newcastle , New South Wales . The depot was built alongside an army establishment known as Camp Shortland . HMAS Maitland was linked to HMAS " Kuttabul " , the main naval base in Sydney , and was originally known as HMAS " Penguin " ( III ) . The base was renamed HMAS " Maitland " on 1 August 1940 . " Maitland " had three components : The following ships were associated with " Maitland " : " Maitland " was decommissioned on 21 September 1946 . During her operation , 56 officers and 300 sailors were trained at the facility .