naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
List of countries with overseas military bases The following is a list of countries which host military bases belonging to other countries : A large system of foreign military bases was established by the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War . Since the end of the Cold War Russia has reduced their network of foreign military bases , while the U . S . has taken steps to expand the geography of its military presence in the world by global repositioning . According to the White Paper on Defence of France in 2008 year planned to remain in Africa , the eastern coast of the military base in Djibouti , on the islands of Mayotte and Reunion , and on the west coast of one military base in the capital of Gabon , Libreville . United States overseas military bases . Currently , the U . S . has the world ' s largest network of foreign military bases ( about 700 bases ) .
Frank Keith Simmons Major General Frank Keith Simmons , ( 18881952 ) was a British Army officer during World War II . He was commander of the Singapore Fortress when it fell to the invading Japanese Army in February 1942 . He spent the remainder of the war as a prisoner of the Japanese . Biography . Prior to World War II , Simmons served as a Military Attache to Spain from 1928 until 1936 , whereupon he served in British mandated Palestine as a lieutenant colonel , accompanied by his wife . He was the commanding officer of British forces in Shanghai in 1939 and 1940 and later the commander of British defences at the Singapore Fortress in 1941 , prior to its fall in 1942 . An ardent supporter of the concept that defence construction was detrimental to troop morale , Simmons was eventually placed in command of a committee to ascertain the readiness of Singapore ' s defences as the Japan ese invasion became apparent . He was appointed to " develop " the defence plan by Lieutenant General Arthur Percival . As the situation worsened for the Allies , Simmons was one of a few commanders privy to Percival ' s last - ditch defence plans and his " no surrender " policy of 11 February 1942 . During the final days of the battle , Simmons was transferred and ordered to command the British forces in the ' Southern Area ' of the battlefield , when the decision to surrender became apparent he joined fellow commanders in voicing the opinion that continued resistance was ill - advised . Simmons spent the next three years as a prisoner of war in Japan , prior to his release in 1945 and retirement in 1946 .
Battle of Ta ' izz The Battle of Ta ' izz started during the 2011 Yemeni uprising between forces loyal to Yemeni leader Ali Abdullah Saleh and opposition protesters , backed by armed tribesmen and defecting soldiers in the city of Ta ' izz . The Battle . Opposition demonstrators had occupied the main square in the city since the start of the uprising against the rule of president Saleh . The protests were for the most part peaceful . However , that changed on 29 May , when the military started an operation to crush the protests and clear the demonstrators from their camp at the square . Troops reportedly fired live ammunition and from water cannons on the protesters , burned their tents and bulldozers ran over some of them . The opposition described the event as a massacre . Street clashes continued and by 31 May , the death toll among protesters reached between 28 and 64 . On 31 May , about 100 women protesters had gathered in a central square , challenging security forces nearby to use force , which would represent a breach of social norms . But the women were soon dispersed by female police officers and women who support the president . On 2 June , armed protesters appeared on the streets for the first time and two of them were killed , along with three soldiers , in an exchange of fire . On 3 June , four soldiers were killed by a rocket - propelled grenade fired by protesters . Another 26 were wounded in clashes in which two more protesters were killed and 30 wounded . On 5 June , armed members of the opposition tried to storm the presidential palace . The fighting that ensued left four soldiers and one gunman dead . On 7 June , about 400 opposition gunmen chased out the security forces from Ta ' izz and took control of the city . After that , the military was trying to regroup outside the town for a counter - attack . During the clashes , a tank fired on a residential building near the presidential palace killing four people , including three children . On 14 June , women demonstrated against Saleh and demanded his removal from power . The next day , there were reports of violent clashes between government troops and opposition fighters in the city , leaving casualties on both sides . Two fuel tankers were also burned by the opposition . On 16 June , demonstrators organised a large protest against regional and international attempts to undermine the movement and demanded the formation of a transitional council without any members of the Saleh regime . The march reached Freedom Square , where the protestors set up camp and resumed their sit - in . On 1 August , two soldiers and one anti - government fighter were killed in clashes in the northern area of the city after tribal gunmen attacked a military checkpoint and army tanks shelled the northern parts of the town . Between 1 and 4 December , 28 civilians were killed in clashes in the city . A number of government soldiers and opposition fighters were also killed .
Avenger - class escort carrier There were three Avenger " class escort carriers in service with the Royal Navy during the Second World War and one ship of the class in the United States Navy called the Charger Type of 1942 " class escort carrier . All three were originally American merchant ships in the process of being built at the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company Chester , Pennsylvania . The ships laid down in 1939 and 1940 were launched and delivered to the Royal Navy by 1942 . The ships had a complement of 555 men and an overall length of , a beam of and a height of . Their displacement was at normal load and at deep load . Propulsion was provided by four diesel engines connected to one shaft giving 8 , 500 brake horsepower ( BHP ) , which could propel the ships at . Aircraft facilities were a small combined bridge – flight control on the starboard side and above the long wooden flight deck , one aircraft lift , one aircraft catapult and nine arrestor wires . Aircraft could be housed in the half hangar below the flight deck . Armament comprised three single mounted 4 inch dual purpose anti - aircraft guns and fifteen 20 mm cannons on single or twin mounts . They had the capacity for fifteen aircraft which would typically be a mixture of Grumman Martlet or Hawker Sea Hurricane fighter aircraft and Fairey Swordfish or Grumman Avenger anti - submarine aircraft . The three ships in the class were , and . A fourth ship the USS " Charger " was built at the same time to the same design but was commissioned in the U . S . Navy .
Bars - class submarine ( 1915 ) The Bars class were a group of submarines built for the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I . A total of 24 boats were built between 1914 and 1917 . Design . These boats were designed by Ivan Bubnov and based on the preceding " Morzh " class . The Morzh design was enlarged with more powerful engines and a larger torpedo armament . They were single hulled boats with four internal 18 inch torpedo tubes and 8 external torpedoes in drop collars . The design had numerous shortcomings , including a lack of internal bulkheads and a slow diving time . Surviving boats were modernized after the Russian Civil War by installing bulkheads , new diesels , pumps and extra torpedo tubes ( the external drop collars were removed ) .
Sir Thomas Sabine Pasley , 2nd Baronet Admiral Sir Thomas Sabine Pasley , 2nd Baronet KCB ( 1804 – 1884 ) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the nineteenth century who never saw action but served across the globe in numerous positions . A career officer , Pasley inherited his grandfather Sir Thomas Pasley , 1st Baronet ' s title aged only four and spent much of his career in shore appointments as he paid for and cared for his large family . He was the son of Major John Sabine of the Grenadier Guards and Maria Pasley , daughter of admiral Sir Thomas Pasley , 1st Baronet , a long - serving officer who had lost a leg at the Glorious First of June . As Pasley had no male heirs , his baronetcy would have become extinct but for an act of parliament permitting the title to fall to his grandson on his death . When Pasley senior died in 1808 , his four year old grandson became Sir Thomas and added the Pasley to his surname . Young Pasley was schooled at Dr . Pearson ' s School in East Sheen and subsequently by his aunts at Burnfoot , near Langholm . In 1817 , aged 14 , Pasley attended the Royal Naval Academy and the following year joined Sir Thomas Fremantle ' s ship HMS " Rochfort " as a midshipman under the patronage of his relation Pulteney Malcolm . The ship was later commanded by Sir Graham Moore . In 1823 , Pasley moved to the brig HMS " Redpole " and later HMS " Arachne " . In 1824 he was promoted to lieutenant and joined HMS " Tweed " for service off the Brazilian Coast . Returning in 1826 , Pasley married Jane Matilda Lily Wynyard and the couple would ultimately have seven sons and two daughters , putting great financial strain on Pasley and once his sons entered the Navy , forcing him to provide patronage for all of them by doing favours for other officers . As a result his career would stalemate . In 1828 , Pasley was promoted to commander and he joined HMS " Cameleon " and HMS " Procris " in command . As acting captain he also commanded the frigates HMS " Rattlesnake " and HMS " Blonde " . Pasley was made full captain in 1831 , and spent several years on the Brazilian station in HMS " Curacoa " . In 1848 , after a period of unemployment he took over Pembroke Dockyard and in 1856 he was made rear - admiral and commanded HMS " Royal Albert " and HMS " Agamemnon " in the Black Sea at the end of the Crimean War . On his return in 1859 Pasley commanded Devonport Dockyard and in 1866 became commander - in - chief at Portsmouth . His lengthy shore commands were the result of the pressures maintaining his large family placed him under . In 1869 , Pasley retired as a full admiral and in 1873 was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath . He died in 1884 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his grandson Thomas Edward Sabine Pasley , his eldest son having died in 1870 . He was buried in Shedfield Chuchyard .
CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier The CCGS " Sir Wilfrid Laurier " is a light icebreaker and Major Navaids Tender of the Canadian Coast Guard . Built in 1986 by Canadian Shipbuilding , Collingwood , Ontario , Canada the ship currently is based out of Victoria , British Columbia . " Laurier " is a multi - tasked vessel which carries out a wide variety of Coast Guard programs including , but not limited to ; buoy tending , search and rescue , science work , lightstation re - supply , beacon maintenance , radio repeater site maintenance , and icebreaking / escorting , aids to navigation and science work during summer patrols in the Arctic . The vessel has been employed on research voyages and the rescue of survivors of the M / V " Queen of the North " . Engine . Like CCGS Martha L . Black , Laurier has three locomotive engines , ALCO - Bombardier F251 - 16V .
5th Royal Tank Regiment The 5th Royal Tank Regiment ( 5 RTR ) was an armoured regiment of the British Army until 1969 . It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment , itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps . It originally saw action as E Battalion , Tank Corps in 1917 . At the Battle of Cambrai in 1917 , the squadron of tanks led by Arthur George Griffiths made a huge impact on the battle . The commanding general asked for the squadron of tanks to be doubled in size , and so Griffiths ' s squadron evolved into the 5th Tank regiment . In December 1946 the regiment was the first use Centurion tank s in regular service . In 1960 , under the command of Hugo Ironside , it amalgamated with 8th Royal Tank Regiment without change of title . It was disbanded in 1969 . The 5th Royal Tank Regiment Reunion Association holds annual reunions . In 2007 an image of a 1944 tank commander in the 5th Royal Tank Regiment uniform was used on one of a series of Royal mail stamps featuring British army uniforms .
Robert Rogers ' 28 " Rules of Ranging " The 28 " Rules of Ranging " are a series of rules and guidelines originally created by Major Robert Rogers in 1757 , during the French and Indian War ( 1754 – 63 ) . The rules were originally written at Rogers Island in the Hudson River near Fort Edward . They were intended to serve as a manual on guerrilla warfare for Rogers ' Ranger company , a 600 strong contingent whose members were personally selected by Rogers . The rules were the result of Rogers ' blend of Native American tactics and his own innovative combat techniques , ideas that were considered revolutionary by military standards of the time . Combined with intensive training and live fire exercise s , these rules created a mobile , well trained force that was capable of living off the land around it in order to sustain itself for long periods of time . Ranger commander Lt . Colonel William Darby read the rules to the 1st Ranger Battalion prior to action during World War II , and a modified version of the rules is followed by the 75th Ranger Regiment to this day , and they are considered as the model for all Ranger activities . They also form the basis of the " Standing Orders " taught to U . S . Army Rangers today . Original rules . The version immediately below is the one used by the 75th Ranger Regiment and has been provided to US soldiers attending Ranger School from the 1950s to present day . The true Plan of Discipline , extracted from Major Rogers ' s journal and intended for his Rogers ' Rangers in 1759 , follow : The Rules as they are today . The following rules are the edited and simplified version of the original set . Standing Orders . Rogers also formulated the following Standing Orders , which are distinct from the 28 Rules listed above . These orders are placed just after the Ranger Creed in every edition of the " Ranger Handbook " .
Malafon Malafon ( MArine LAtécoère FONds ) was a French ship - launched anti - submarine missile system . Developed in the 1950s and 1960s , the weapon was intended to take advantage of the greater detection ranges possible with towed sonar array s . The missile entered service in 1966 and was manufactured by Groupe Latécoère The weapon is essentially a glider - delivered version of the L4 torpedo . The launcher is a circular mount which allows the weapon to be slewed to the correct bearing , whereupon it is fired at a fixed elevation of + 15° . Two solid booster rockets accelerate it to 830 km / h within 4 seconds before falling away . The unpowered glider continues at an altitude of 100 meters , altering course in mid flight under radio control of the launch platform . Effective range was 13 km . As it reaches the target the glider drops the torpedo which splashes into the sea and commences a circular search pattern . The flight time of the Malafon meant that it was expected to hit the water up to 800 m from the submarine ' s location . The L4 torpedo had a speed of 30 kt over a range of 5 km . The Malafon was a large weapon , with each missile weighing 1 , 330 kilos . As a result is was only employed on larger vessels . It was typically used for medium and long range submarine targets , though it could have been used against surface ships . The system was declared obsolete in 1997 Ships . The Malafon system was fitted to the following ship classes Specifications . The missile had a 3 . 19m wingspan with the main body having a 65 cm diameter . The torpedo had a 533mm ( 21 inch ) diameter and could dive to 300m depth
Halberstadt C . V The Halberstadt C . V was a German single - engined reconnaissance biplane of World War I , built by Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke . Derived from the Halberstadt C . III , with a more powerful supercharged 160 kW ( 220 hp ) Benz Bz . IV engine , it saw service only in the final months of the war . Cameras were mounted in the observer ' s cockpit floor . Survivors . A single C . V ( S / No . 3471 / 18 ) survives at the " Musée Royal de l ' Armée et d ' Histoire Militaire " in Brussels , Belgium .
Battle of Mărăşeşti The Battle of Mărăşeşti ( August 6 to September 8 , 1917 ) was a major battle fought during World War I between German Empire and Kingdom of Romania . Premise . The Romanians participated in a joint Russian - Romanian offensive on July 22 against the Austro - Hungarian 1st Army in the Mărăşti area and on the lower part of the Siret river ( the Battle of Mărăşti ) . After some initial success ( a 30 km - wide and 20 km - deep salient in the front of the Austro - Hungarian 1st Army ) , the attack had to be stopped due to the successful Central Powers counter - offensive in Galicia ( see the Kerensky Offensive ) . German counter - attack . Before launching the attack , the battle was thought to be taken at Nămoloasa , both sides were counting at that moment about 1 million soldiers . Field Marshal August von Mackensen launched a counter - attack on August 6 . Mackensen , displaying his usual skill , forced the Russia ns to retreat . It must be admitted that the Russian army was nearly useless by this point in the war . For the next month , the Germans , together with some Austrian units , fought a see - saw battle with the Romanian army . The fighting lasted until September 8 , when both sides ran out of fresh units . The German attempt to crush the last Romanian army had failed , but the Romanians had not expanded their territory either . The motto of the Romanian Army during the battle was " Pe aici nu se trece " ( ) , probably inspired from the famous slogan of General Nivelle during the Battle of Verdun . Romania lost over 27 , 000 men , including 610 officers , while Germany and Austria - Hungary lost over 47 , 000 . Notably , the Romanian heroine Ecaterina Teodoroiu was killed at the end of this battle , on September 6 , by machine - gun fire ; two days later , Major General Karl von Wenninger was killed by artillery fire near the village of Muncelu . Aftermath . This was the last major battle on the Romanian front before much of Romania was occupied by the forces of the Central Powers . In May 1918 , after the German advance in Ukraine and Russia signing the Treaty of Brest - Litovsk , Romania , surrounded by the Central Powers forces , had no other choice but to sue for peace ( see Treaty of Bucharest , 1918 ) .
RAF Staff College , Bulstrode Park The RAF Staff College , Bulstrode Park , was a satellite staff college for the Royal Air Force based at Bulstrode Park . History . The college opened in 1941 at Bulstrode Park with the objective of providing staff officer training primarily for foreign officers , not all from Western Europe . In 1948 it moved back to Andover .
84th Regiment of Foot ( 1759 ) The 84th Regiment of Foot was a British regiment raised for service in India with the British East India Company . History . Raised in England in 1758 during the Seven Years ' War it was shipped to Madras , India in 1759 where it took part in the East Indies Campaign ( 1757 – 1763 ) under Robert Clive . The 84th foot was among the first British regiments to serve in India . The regiment was soon in action in the Battle of Wandiwash in January 1760 . This battle was followed in September by the Siege of Pondicherry ( 1760 ) and the Siege of Arcot in the Second Carnatic War . In 1765 the 84th Foot sailed back to Britain and were disbanded . Sir Eyre Coote was a commander of the regiment during the war . He would later become one of the first Commanders in Chief of India and General of the British Army .
Cassiopea - class patrol vessel The " Cassiopea " class is a heavy series of four patrol boat s of the Italian Marina Militare . They were built in the late 1980s on civilian standards . They are designed for patrol in safe areas . Development and design . In the early 1980s the Italian navy developed two classes of corvettes to replace older vessels . The " Minerva " - class were fully combatant ships to serve as coastal escorts , and equipped with modern sensors and armament , while the " Cassiopea " class were simpler offshore patrol vessels intended to replace the old " Albatros " - class corvette s used for fisheries patrol . Construction of four ships ( out of an originally planned eight ) was authorised in December 1982 , with funding coming from the Ministry of Merchant Marine , while orders were placed in December 1986 , with construction at Fincantieri shipyard , Muggiano to merchant ship standards , starting the next year , and the first ship entering service in 1989 . A further two ships were cancelled unbuilt in 1991 . The ships ' main gun armament is a single 76mm / L62 Allargato gun , with both gun and fire control systems coming from scrapped " Bergamini " - class frigate s . The ships are fitted with a flight deck and collapsable hangar to accommodate a helicopter , with an Agusta - Bell AB . 212 of the " Guardia Costiera " ( Coast Guard ) normally carried . The ship also carries equipment for dealing with pollution . Ships . " Source : "
Gallaudet DB - 1 The Gallaudet DB - 1 was a United States day bomber prototype designed during World War I . Two protoypes of the aircraft were constructed , however testing revealed flight control issues and serious structural problems with the wings . The aircraft was known to be extremely heavy , which turned out to be more than a ton over the weight it was designed to be . The aircraft never got off the ground . The National Museum of the US Air Force states that " the DB - 1 , although unsuccessful , was quite advanced for its time . " The aircraft was succeeded by the Gallaudet DB - 1B , which was lighter , but the flight characteristics were still poor .