naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
XVIII Corps ( Ottoman Empire ) The XVIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " 18 nci Kolordu " or " On Sekizinci Kolordu " ) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army . It was formed during World War I . Balkan Wars . Order of Battle , October 29 , 1912 . On October 29 , 1912 , the corps was structured as follows : World War I . Order of Battle , June 1915 . The corps was formed as the Right Wing Group of the Mahmut Kâmil Pasha ' s Third Army on June 7 , 1915 and commanded by Halil Bey . In a rearrangement of operational field commands , Mahmut Kâmil Pasha redesigned this unit as the Provisional Halil Corps . Order of Battle , Late Summer 1915 . On September 20 , 1915 , the Provisional Halil Corps was re - designated as the XVIII Corps of the Ottoman Army . In Late Summer 1915 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , January 1916 . In January 1916 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , August 1916 . In August 1916 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , December 1916 . In December 1916 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , August 1917 , January 1918 . In August 1917 , January 1918 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , September 1918 . In November 1918 , the corps was structured as follows :
Norman MacMullen General Sir ( Cyril ) Norman MacMullen KCB , CMG , CIE , DSO ( 13 December 1877 - 12 November 1944 ) was a British officer in the Indian Army . Military career . MacMullen joined the Indian Army and served on the North West Frontier in 1897 and then with the Tibet Expedition in 1903 . He saw action in World War I as a General Staff Officer Grade 1 with the 2nd Mounted Division during the Gallipoli Campaign and then as Brigadier - General on the General Staff with XV Corps in France . MacMullen served in the Third Anglo - Afghan War and then became Commander of the Bareilly Brigade in November 1919 . He went on to be Deputy Quartermaster - General in India in 1924 , General Officer Commanding Rawalpindi District and 2nd Indian Division in March 1927 and Adjutant - General , India in May 1930 . He then became General Officer Commanding - in - Chief Eastern Command in April 1832 before retiring in April 1836 . References .
Battle of Oranik ( 1448 ) The First Battle of Oranik took place during the Albanian - Venetian War of 1447 - 1448 , when the Republic of Venice allied with the Ottoman Empire against the League of Lezhë . The Albanian forces defeated the Ottoman army led by Mustafa Pasha during the battle and two months later peace was established between Albania and Venice . Background . In 1447 , Skanderbeg had gone to war with Venice . The Venetians had been using diplomatic tactics to weaken Skanderbeg ' s influence and power : they had been trying to convince the Ottomans to launch an incursion into Albania . The Ottomans , who had been besieging Svetigrad , could not peel away their forces to fight in the Albanian interior : Svetigrad blocked their way and Skanderbeg ' s army was camped nearby . Once the fortress had fallen , however , they could afford to send troops into Albania . Prelude and the battle . Mustafa , after gathering his army , invaded Albania through upper Dibra . A guarding force was left under the command of Vrana Konti which was united by Skanderbeg ' s forces after leaving 5 , 000 troops to watch Dagno . The forces consisted of 15 , 000 Ottoman troops and 6 , 000 Albanian troops . The armies met and a battle between two champions took place with the Albanian champion winning . The armies engaged , but higher Albanian morale forced the Ottoman army to retreat . The Albanians chased the Ottomans , capturing Mustafa Pasha . Aftermath . Mustafa Pasha had lost 3 , 000 men as well as being captured including twelve high officers . Skanderbeg learned from these officers that it was the Venetians who pushed the Ottomans to invade Albania . The Venetians , upon hearing of the defeat , urged to establish peace . Mustafa Pasha was soon ransomed for 25 , 000 ducats to the Ottomans .
Atchisson Assault Shotgun The Auto Assault - 12 ( AA - 12 ) , originally designed and known as the Atchisson Assault Shotgun , is a shotgun developed in 1972 by Maxwell Atchisson . The most prominent feature is reduced recoil . The current 2005 version has been developed over 18 years since the patent was sold to Military Police Systems , Inc . The original design was the basis of several later weapons , including the USAS - 12 combat shotgun . The weapon is fully automatic only but fires at a rate of 300 rounds per minute , making it possible to fire one round at a time with brief trigger pulls . It is fed from either an 8 - shell box magazine , or a 20 - or 32 - shell drum magazine . History . In 1987 , Max Atchisson sold the rights of the AA - 12 to Jerry Baber of Military Police Systems , Inc . , Piney Flats , Tennessee . MPS in turn developed the successor simply known as Auto Assault - 12 , which was redesigned over a period of 18 years with 188 changes and improvements to the original blueprint , modifications included changing the AA - 12 from blowback - to gas - operated with a locked breech . " When the bolt flies back after firing to cycle another round , around 80 % of what would normally be felt as recoil is absorbed by a proprietary gas system . A recoil spring grabs another 10 % , leaving the final recoil a remarkable 10 % of the normal recoil for a 12 - gauge round - so you can point the AA - 12 at a target and unload the full magazine without significant loss of accuracy " . MPS also teamed up with Action Manufacturing Company , and Special Cartridge Company to combine the gun with FRAG - 12 High - Explosive ammunition into a multifunction weapon system . The weapon was lightened to and shortened to but retained the same barrel length . The CQB model has a 13 - inch barrel , and is half a pound lighter than the regular model . Uncommon in other automatic shotguns , the AA - 12 fires from an open bolt , a feature more commonly found in submachine guns and heavy and squad level machine guns . It uses 8 - round box , 20 - round drum , or 32 - round drum magazines , as opposed to the original 5 - round box magazine . Due to the abundant use of stainless steel and the designed clearance for fouling , MPS has claimed that the weapon requires little to no cleaning or lubrication . The designer states that cleaning is required after 10 , 000 rounds . Ammunition . The AA - 12 can use different types of 3 " 12 gauge ammunition such as buckshot , slugs , or less - than - lethal rubber stun batons . Usage . In 2004 , ten firing models of the AA - 12 were produced and demonstrated to the United States Marine Corps . The HAMMER unmanned defense system by More Industries uses dual - mounted AA - 12s on the H2X - 40 turret . Neural Robotics has also mounted the weapon on their AutoCopter Unmanned aerial vehicle .
Desmond Fitzgerald ( CIA officer ) Desmond FitzGerald ( June 16 , 1910 – July 23 , 1967 ) was an American Central Intelligence Agency deputy director and recipient of the National Security Medal . He was educated at St . Mark ' s School in Southborough , Massachusetts and Harvard University . According to Smith ' s Encyclopedia of the CIA , in World War II he enlisted as a private , but later went to Officer Candidate School and became a liaison to the Chinese army . He became a major and was awarded the Bronze Star He was linked with the Chinese 6th army which operated in Burma . After the war , he worked at a Wall Street law firm in New York City . He was connected to elite social circles . According to Prados he worked in the Far East Division on a diverse array of projects , dealing with Tibet , China , the Phillippines , Japan , and Korea . He also became friends with William Colby after Colby transferred to the division . Fitzgerald was especially interested in the Tibetan Task Force , supporting the Tibetan rebellion against the Maoist Chinese takeover , for example in the 1959 Tibetan uprising . He told officers to work with Gyalo Dhondup . Smith writes that in 1951 he was in the Office of Policy Coordination . He rose up to work in the Directorate of Plans , a position from which he warned against becoming involved in a failed 1958 rebellion in Indonesia . Eventually , he became head of the Far Eastern Division . According to L . Fletcher Prouty , in 1960 / 61 Fitzgerald was assigned to be a guide for the new CIA Director , John A . McCone , who was replacing Allen Dulles after the Bay of Pigs fiasco . The plan , according to Prouty , was to " indoctrinate " McCone , who had no CIA experience , into favoring the views of a certain faction within the CIA , through the instruments of a world tour , staged operations in Vietnamese villages , and a meeting with Ngo Dinh Diem . Robert F . Kennedy pushed Fitzgerald to work on the assassination of Fidel Castro . He worked on the project for a length of time , including meeting with would - be assassin Rolando Cubela . In 1966 he became Deputy Director for Plans . As such , he asked Edgar Applewhite to attack Ramparts magazine as part of the CIA ' s cold war strategy . Applewhite claimed he used " dirty tricks " and blackmail to harm the magazine ' s business Later , he worked on CIA ' s prediction of the six day war . He was regarded highly by many , including Allen Dulles . and John Kenneth Galbraith ( although the latter also called him reckless ) . Personal life . He was the first husband of Marietta Peabody , they were married September 2 , 1939 , and father of Frances FitzGerald , a journalist in the Vietnam War . He passed away in 1967 . He died of a heart attack while playing tennis in Virginia .
53rd Infantry Division Arezzo The 53rd Infantry Division Arezzo was a regular infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . World War II . The " Arezzo " Division took part in the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939 . It was next involved in the Greco - Italian War in November 1940 , as part of the Italian III Corps , suffering heavy losses . It was reformed and sent back to Albania as part of the occupation force . In April 1941 it took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia and captured Montenegro . It remained in the area for the rest of the war and , following the Italian surrender to the Allies in September 1943 , the division was disarmed by the Germans . A large number of the men escaped to join the partisans .
4th Continental Light Dragoons The 4th Continental Light Dragoons also known as Moylan ' s Horse was raised on January 5 , 1777 at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania for service with the Continental Army under Colonel Stephen Moylan . The regiment entered the history books by taking the field in captured British scarlet coats as noted in a letter from General George Washington to Colonel Moylan dated May 12 , 1777 , in which Moylan was directed to have his uniforms dyed to avoid confusion with British dragoons . The regiment changed to green coats faced in red during the summer of 1778 , with black leather helmets in the style associated with Banastre Tarleton . The regiment saw action at the Battle of Brandywine and the Battle of Germantown in their scarlet uniforms , and the Battle of Guilford Court House and the Battle of Yorktown in their more familiar green coats . The regiment was furloughed June 11 , 1783 at Philadelphia and disbanded on November 15 , 1783 .
Eisenbahnkaserne The Eisenbahnkaserne ( literally Railroad " kaserne " ) [ barracks ] was a military facility in Munich existing from 1890 to 1976 . The " " Kasernement des Eisenbahnbataillons " " ( " Kasernement " of the Railroad Battalion ) was built in 1888 and 1889 . It was located in the west of today ' s Olympiapark near " Dachauer Straße " , where the Munich " Bundeswehr " Administration Center is currently located . History . The facility was originally and mainly used by the Railroad Battalion of the Bavarian army ( it belonged to the I Royal Bavarian Corps ) , which was transferred from Ingolstadt to Munich in 1890 . After World War II the barracks were used by the " Bundeswehr " . At the beginning of the 1970s a part of the area was sold for the construction of the Olympiapark . Another part was torn down for the construction of the " Rechenzentrum der Bundeswehr " , ( the " Bundeswehr " Computer Center ) , a canteen , and the administration office building of the " Wehrbereichsverwaltung " VI ( " Military District Administration VI " ) , currently the Munich branch of the " Wehrbereichsverwaltung " South , Stuttgart . In the middle of the 1970s the southern part of the area was sold for the construction of residential buildings , and the former " Wehrbereichskommando " VI ( " Military District Command VI " ) moved from the " Eisenbahnkaserne " to the " Waldmann - Kaserne " . A war memorial near " Dachauer Straße " remembers the former Bavarian railroad troops of World War I . It was originally constructed by Karl Badberger in 1922 , and was destroyed in 1945 during World War II . It was rebuilt in 1965 . The still existing historical buildings in the North of the " Hedwig - Dransfeld - Allee " are some of the few remained military structures in Munich from theu 19th century . The main building has been rented by the Munich " Studentenwerk " since 2003 and was converted into a student housing building by the architect Christoph Maas , who had to meet the official historic preservation requirements . Maas was awarded the " Honour award of exemplary redevelopment " by the city of Munich in 2005 . Current users of the area have been , amongst others , the Munich branch of the Military District Administration South , the " Bundeswehr " Medical Office ( since 2002 ) , the " Truppendienstgericht Süd " ( Military Court South ) , the " Kreiswehrersatzamt " Munich ( District Recruiting Office Munich ) , the " Bundeswehr " Service Center Munich , a shop of the clothing company " LH Bundeswehr Bekleidungsgesellschaft " and the Bavarian association of the " Technisches Hilfswerk " .
German submarine U - 369 German submarine " U - 369 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out no patrols . She did not sink or damage any ships . She was sunk after Germany ' s surrender as part of Operation " Deadlight " in November 1945 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 6 October 1942 at the " Flensburger Schiffsbau - Ges " yard at Flensburg as ' werk ' 492 , launched on 17 August 1943 and commissioned on 15 October under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Ludwig Schaafhausen . She served with the 22nd U - boat Flotilla from 15 October 1943 and the 11th flotilla from 1 March 1945 . Fate . " U - 367 " surrendered at Kristiansand - Sud in Norway on 5 May 1945 . She was transferred to Scapa Flow in Scotland for Operation " Deadlight " on 29 May . She was sunk on 30 November .
Francœur Motion The Francœur Motion , prepared in 1918 by Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec Joseph - Napoléon Francœur , declared that Quebec was disposed to leave the Canadian federation if English Canadians felt the presence of Quebec was a nuisance to Canada . It was a reaction to protestations in English Canada over the strong anti - conscription feelings in Quebec during the Conscription Crisis of 1917 of the First World War . Many Quebecers opposed conscription because of anti - imperialist sentiments . It caused great media attention and was notably approved by the newspaper " Le Canada " . Premier of Quebec Lomer Gouin finally convinced Francœur not to present it to the Legislative Assembly because he did not wish to see a vote taken on it .
Battle of " The Saw " The Battle of " The Saw " was a major event , mostly a protracted siege rather than a battle in the Mercenary War between Carthage and her former mercenary armies from the First Punic War . It takes its name from its location : a box like canyon known as " The Saw " because of its shape . In 238 BC Hamilcar Barca managed to destroy the supply lines of the armies besieging the city of Carthage , forcing them to withdraw . The mercenary armies proceeded to fight a running battle with Hamilcar ' s forces , attempting to engage and destroy them with their superior numbers . Hamilcar managed to avoid direct confrontation , and outmaneuver the mercenaries . Having lured the mercenary armies near " The Saw " , he managed to ambush them and the panicked mercenaries fled into the canyon . He then besieged the canyon , and waited . Sources speak of thousands of the rebel mercenaries starving , and even reports of cannibalism . Knowing they could not win , the mercenary commanders Spendius , Autaritus and Zarzas , met with Hamilcar in order to arrange a surrender , but Hamilcar had them seized and imprisoned . With no other options , the remaining weakened mercenaries attempted to break the siege and escape , but were swiftly and easily defeated . Hamilcar then ruthlessly ordered the execution of the remaining 40 , 000 starving rebels . The rebels under Spendius had previously tortured and executed some 700 Carthaginian prisoners , so this action was likely a form of revenge . Furthermore Hamilcar was known for his cruelty , which may have played a part as well .
SS Empire Comfort SS " Empire Comfort was a 1 , 333 GRT convoy rescue ship which was launched in 1944 as HMS " York Castle a Castle - class corvette , but was renamed " Empire Castle " and converted for merchant service before completion . Description . The ship was built by Ferguson Brothers Ltd , Glasgow as yard number 372 . She was launched on 20 September 1944 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a draught of . History . The ship was completed in December 1944 as " Empire Comet " for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was placed under the management of Ellerman City Line . " Empire Comfort " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . Convoy OS 113 departed the Clyde and The Downs on 25 February 1945 . It dispersed at sea on 1 March 1945 . " Empire Comfort " made her first voyage as a convoy rescue ship as a member of this convoy . Convoy MKS 85G departed Gibraltar on 24 February 1945 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Comfort " was employed as a convoy rescue ship for this convoy . Convoy OS 116 departed from the Clyde and The Downs on 12 March 1945 . It dispersed at on 17 March . " Empire Comfort " was a member of this convoy . Convoy MKS 88G departed from Casablanca , Morocco on 11 March 1945 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Comfort " was employed as a convoy rescue ship for this convoy . Convoy OS 121 departed from the Clyde on 7 April 1945 and dispersed at sea on 14 April . " Empire Comfort " was employed as a convoy rescue ship for this convoy . > Convoy MKS 93G departed from Gibraltar on 5 April 1945 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Comfort " was employed as a convoy rescue ship for this convoy . In 1948 , " Empire Comfort " was in the Mediterranean where she was working under the control of the Middle East Command . " Empire Comfort " was used as a troopship between Port Said , Egypt and Famagusta , Cyprus and also between Port Said and Tobruk , Libya . She was used in this role from July 1948 to at least February 1949 . In 1954 , " Empire Comfort " was laid up at Falmouth , Cornwall . In June 1955 , " Empire Comfort " , along with " Empire Lifeguard " and " Empire Peacemaker " were offered for sale " as lying at Falmouth " . In July 1955 , she was sold to Belgian buyers and towed to Antwerp . It was intended that she would be converted for service in the Belgian Congo , but she was scrapped in December 1955 at Ghent .
Bardas Phokas the Elder Bardas Phokas ( ) ( c . 878 – c . 968 ) was a notable Byzantine general in the first half of the 10th century , and father of Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas and the " kouropalates " Leo Phokas the Younger . Bardas was the scion of the Phokas family , one of the great houses of the Anatolian military aristocracy , his father was Nikephoros Phokas the Elder , an eminent Byzantine general with a distinguished record of service in Italy . In 917 , he participated under the orders of his elder brother Leo in the disastrous Battle of Acheloos . In 941 , he was governor of the Theme of Armeniakon , in the area previously known as Paphlagonia . In this year the Rus ' navy under the leadership of Igor I of Kiev attacked the Empire . Driven off from Constantinople , the Rus ' landed in Bithynia and ravaged it . Bardas kept the attackers from doing too much damage with his local militia levies until the larger Byzantine army under John Kourkouas came and drove the Rus ' out . In 945 he was appointed supreme commander of the Byzantine armies of the East by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus . In this command he did not make much progress against the Arab forces , being repeatedly defeated by Sayf al - Daula , emir of Aleppo . In 953 , he was defeated and severely wounded by Sayf and after further defeats , he was replaced by his son Nikephoros in 955 / 956 . When Nikephoros came to the throne he made his father Caesar , only a step below the imperial title . He died about 968 at the age of 90 .
Battle of Kafir Qala The Battle of Kafir Qala was fought in 1818 between the Qajar Dynasty of Iran and the forces of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan . The Persians had captured Herat in 1816 but were forced to abandon it when the Afghans resisted the occupation of the city with an intense guerrilla war on the countryside . In 1818 the Persian Shah , Fat ′ h - Ali Shah Qajar , sent his son Prince Mohammad Vali Mirza with an army to recapture Herat . The Persians marched from Khorasan and met the Afghan army shortly after crossing the border in the town of Kafir Qala . The Afghans were victorious and the Persians retreated .
56th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The British Army ' s 56th Infantry Brigade was originally a Kitchener ' s Army brigade within 19th ( Western ) Division during the First World War . Later during the Second World War it was reformed on 15 February 1944 in the United Kingdom . The Brigade took part in the Invasion of Normandy , where it formed the right flank of the 50th ( Northumbrian ) Infantry Division on Gold Beach . It remained attached to the 50th Division until the 10th , after which it was attached to the 7th Armoured Division until 12 June , reverting then to 50th ( Northumbrian ) Infantry Division . It came under command of the 59th ( Staffordshire ) Infantry Division in early August 1944 . It was eventually permanently attached to the 49th ( West Riding ) Infantry Division on 20 August 1944 . 56 Brigade took part in the Normandy landings , liberated Bayeux on 7 June leaving the town mainly intact . All its battalions were involved in the taking of Tilly - sur - Seulles with 2 Essex finally investing the town . Later actions were north of St Germain d ' Ectot and the liberation of Thury - Harcourt in the Suisse Normande . It was prominent in the drive towards Le Havre and was one of the assault divisions taking the city in September 1944 . Continuing to fight in Belgium at Poppel and then the Netherlands it was the assault brigade for the final assault on Arnhem in April 1945 . The 56th served well , and ended the war in Germany . The Brigade was reformed in January 1987 within London District and comprised mostly Guards Public duties battalions . It was seen as the successor of the London Divisions of the First and Second World Wars . It was disbanded in 1993 .