naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dymchurch Redoubt Dymchurch Grand Redoubt is a fortification on the coast of Kent in England , built during the Napoleonic War as part of a large defensive scheme to protect the country from an expected French invasion . Description . Dymchurch Redoubt is circular in form and built of brick with granite and sandstone dressings , measuring up to 68 metres in diameter and stands 12 metres above the floor of its 9 metre - wide dry moat . It lacks the caponier s or musketry galleries of the otherwise similar Eastbourne Redoubt . Beyond the moat , an earth bank or glacis helped to protect the masonry from artillery fire . Built on two stories , the upper floor had open emplacements for ten 24 pounder guns mounted on wooden traversing platforms . The lower floor featured twenty four vaulted barrack and storage casemates , which opened onto a circular parade ground . They were designed to accommodate 350 officers and men . Entry was originally via a wooden footbridge supported by stilts , which could be collapsed in an emergency . History . The design and purpose of the redoubt were finalised at a conference in Rochester in 1804 . It was built between 1804 and 1812 to support a chain of 21 Martello Towers that stretched between Hythe in Kent and Rye in Sussex , and to act as a supply depot for them . It specifically protected the sluices that were the key to the drainage of Romney Marsh . By the time it was finished , the invasion threat was over . During World War I , it was used for troop accommodation , although there was a question in Parliament about the damp conditions . In World War II , the south coast was again at risk of invasion , and two 6 inch breech - loading guns were mounted in casemates built over the original gun emplacements . A prominent battery observation post was built and pillboxes were sited on the parapet in order to repel an infantry attack . It was fully operational by 1942 as an Emergency Coastal Battery . After the war , the observation post was used as a Coastguard lookout and radar was installed to monitor shipping in the English Channel . The army constructed a mock - up of a street of buildings in the interior , for training in urban warfare . The redoubt is now disused except as a store and remains the property of the Ministry of Defence . It is a Scheduled Monument and is listed by English Heritage as a Building At Risk , although a conservation plan has been agreed . Location . The Dymchurch Redoubt is located on the south ( seaward ) side of the A259 main road roughly half - way between the village of Dymchurch and the town of Hythe . It is not open to the public , but walking along the sea wall allows a close approach on the south side . Further access may be restricted when there is firing on Hythe Ranges . When so , prominent red flags are flown , supplemented by red lights during night time firing practice . Due to the risk of ricochet during firing , a Range Safety Boat is present to prevent seaward incursion into the danger area by the public .
John W . Comfort John W . Comfort ( 1844 – November 29 , 1893 ) was an American soldier in the U . S . Army who fought during the American Civil War and the Indian Wars from 1861 until his retirement in 1892 . He was a member of the 4th U . S . Cavalry during the Texas – Indian Wars and , while battling the Kiowa and Commanche in the Staked Plains in November 1874 , killed an Indian in armed combat . He was one of several soldiers cited for bravery in this battle and received the Medal of Honor the following year . Biography . John W . Comfort was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1844 . At the start of the American Civil War , the 17 - year - old Comfort joined up with the 29th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry on June 20 , 1861 . He immediately reenlisted while stationed in Hamilton County , Tennessee in December 1863 , weeks after the Battle of Wauhatchie , and was promoted to the rank of sergeant at the end of the month . Comfort saw continuous action around Chattanooga , Tennessee and in Georgia , including the sieges of Atlanta and Savannah , as well as the Carolinas . After the war ' s end , Comfort was honorably discharged on July 17 , 1865 . He decided on a career in the military , however , and enlisted in the Regular United States Army four months after leaving the volunteer service . Comfort was initially assigned to Battery K of the 1st U . S . Artillery in Brownsville , Texas and spent the next three years in the Southern United States during Reconstruction before being discharged at Greenville , Louisiana on November 28 , 1868 . After returning to Philadelphia for a time , he reenlisted again on April 18 , 1870 . He was sent to the Texas frontier where he served with the 4th U . S . Cavalry in San Antonio and Fort Richardson . He became an experienced Indian fighter during the Texas – Indian Wars reaching the rank of sergeant . On November 5 , 1874 , while his regiment was battling the Kiowa and Commanche near Lake Tahokay in the Staked Plains , Comfort was separated from his unit and killed an Indian in armed combat . He was commended by his commanding officer , Colonel Ranald S . Mackenzie , who wrote " that Corporal Comfort ran down and killed an Indian on the Staked Plains with no other soldier within a long distance of him . . . This man is a very distinguished soldier for personal gallantry " . He was recommended for , and received , the Medal of Honor on October 13 , 1875 . Though discharged from Fort Clark ( near present - day Brackettville , Texas ) on June 26 , 1878 , he remained in the army until his retirement in 1892 , and afterwards served in Batteries E and A of the 1st U . S . Regular Artillery . Comfort died in Philadelphia on November 29 , 1893 , and interred at Mount Peace Cemetery . Comfort ' s life was later profiled by historian Merle Olmsted in the Winter 1968 issue of Military Collector & Historian . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Corporal , Company A , 4th U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Staked Plains , Tex . , 5 November 1874 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Philadelphia , Pa . Date of issue : 13 October 1875 . Citation : Ran down and killed an Indian .
Joseph Horace Lewis Joseph Horace Lewis ( October 29 , 1824 – July 6 , 1904 ) was an American lawyer , military leader and politician . He served as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War , and later a U . S . Representative from Kentucky and justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals , the court of last resort in Kentucky at the time . Early life and family . Joseph H . Lewis was born near Glasgow , Kentucky on October 29 , 1824 . He was the son of John and Eliza Martz ( Reed ) Lewis . His father was a volunteer in the War of 1812 , serving under Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans . Lewis attained his early education in the local public schools . He then matriculated to Centre College in Danville , Kentucky , graduating in 1843 . After graduation , he read law under Judge C . C . Thompkins . He was admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Glasgow . Lewis married Sarah Rogers , who died in 1858 . The couple had two children – John Lewis and Eliza ( Lewis ) Burnham . Political career . Lewis was elected as a Whig to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1850 . He was re - elected twice , serving until 1855 . After the collapse of the Whig Party , Lewis became a Democrat . He was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the U . S . House of Representatives in 1856 and 1860 . In September 1861 , Lewis volunteered for service in the Confederate Army and was commissioned colonel of the 6th Kentucky Infantry . Following the Battle of Chickamauga , he was promoted to brigadier general for meritorious conduct . He was given command of the Orphan Brigade and remained their commander until the end of the war . After the war , Lewis returned to Glasgow and resumed the practice of law . He was again elected to the Kentucky House in 1868 and chaired that body ' s Committee on Education . In 1870 , he was elected to the U . S . House of Representatives to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jacob S . Golladay . At the next general election , he was elected to a full term . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1872 . In all , he served from May 10 , 1870 , to March 3 , 1873 . After retiring from Congress , Lewis briefly returned to the practice of law . He was elected judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals in 1874 . He was re - elected to subsequent terms and served until 1898 . In 1883 , Lewis married a widow named Cassandra F . Flournoy Johnson . After leaving the court , Lewis moved to a farm in Scott County , Kentucky near Georgetown , where he died on July 6 , 1904 . He was interred in Glasgow Cemetery .
Notice advisory to NAVSTAR users A notice advisory to NAVSTAR users , or NANU , is a message issued jointly by the United States Coast Guard and the GPS Operations Center at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado . NANUs provide updates on the general health of individual satellites in the GPS constellation . NANUs are typically issued approximately three days prior to a change in the operation of a GPS satellite , such as a change in orbit or scheduled on - board equipment maintenance .
Lone Pine Barracks Lone Pine Barracks is an Australian Army base located in New South Wales , south of Singleton . The barracks is home to the Australian Army School of Infantry , Special Forces Training Centre , Defence Support Group Singleton and other regular support services . The Royal Australian Infantry Corps Museum is also located within the barracks .
APR - 3E torpedo The APR - 3E airborne light ASW acoustic homing torpedo is designed by Russian Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC to engage current and future submarines in at depth from the surface down to 800 metres at speed of up to 43 + kts , and it is a replacement for earlier APR - 2 light antisubmarine acoustic homing torpedo . APR - 3E airborne light antisubmarine acoustic homing torpedo is designed to be carried by a various fixed wing and rotary wing platform including Tu - 142 , Il - 38 , Ka - 28 and other aircraft . The torpedo requires at least 100 metres depth of water for the initial air - drop and can be deployed in conditions up to sea state 6 . Once entering water , the control surfaces of the torpedo enable the torpedo to travel in a spiral path with the help of gravity without starting the engine . During this stage , the acoustic seeker of the torpedo searches for targets . Once the target is identified , the engine starts and solid propellant rocket engine ensures the targets has virtually very little or no time to react , thus increasing the kill probability .
Fall of Tlemcen ( 1517 ) The Fall of Tlemcen occurred in 1517 , when the Ottoman corsair Uruj Barbarossa captured the city of Tlemcen from its sultan , Abu Zayan , the last member of the Beni - Zian lineage . The fall of Tlemcen followed the capture of Ténès , also by Uruj and his brother . The Sultan of Tlemcen then fled to Fez in Morocco . Uruj crowned himself king of Tlemcen . The only survivor of Abu Zayan ' s dynasty was Sheikh Buhammud , who escaped to Oran and called for Spain ' s assistance . This victory put Uruj in control of the backcountry behind the Spanish base of Oran , which greatly threatened their usual supply routes . This victory put Uruj in control of a considerable territory , the size of colonial French Algeria . The Spanish however soon reacted in 1518 by launching an attack on Tlemcen , which was 70 miles away from Oran , and managed to corner and kill Uruj . They took possession of the region of Tlemcen . Soon however , the king of Morocco raised a considerable army and marched on Tlemcen , expelling the Spanish . The Ottomans would again exert direct influence in Tlemcen from 1545 . That year , the Wattassid ruler of Morocco Sultan Ahmad was taken prisoner by his rivals , the sharif ian Saadians . His successor , Ali Abu Hassun , regent for Ahmad ' s young son Nasir al - Qasiri , decided to pledge allegiance to the Ottomans in order to obtain their support .
816 Squadron RAN 816 Squadron is a Royal Australian Navy Fleet Air Arm squadron that started out as a Royal Navy unit 816 Naval Air Squadron . Current roles . 816 is currently active as a helicopter squadron equipped with S - 70B - 2 Seahawk helicopters . The Squadron is based at HMAS " Albatross " ( NAS Nowra ) and primarily operates from the Navy ' s " Adelaide " class frigates . 816 Squadron provide the fleet with potent anti - submarine and anti - surface surveillance capabilities . History . 816 Squadron was first formed as a Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm carrier based squadron in 1939 embarked in . In 1948 816 Squadron was re - formed as a Royal Australian Navy FAA squadron operating Fairey Firefly aircraft . The Squadron formed part of the 20th Carrier Air Group embarked on HMAS " Sydney " . In 1952 , 816 Squadron participated in the Montebello Islands atomic weapons tests and in 1953 saw service in the Korean War . Over the following 40 years , 816 squadron was disbanded and re - formed several times as newer aircraft were introduced . In 1956 with the arrival of HMAS " Melbourne " , 816 Squadron embarked as part of the 21st Carrier Air Group equipped with Gannet and Sea Venom aircraft . In 1967 the RAN acquired newer aircraft and " Melbourne " was extensively upgraded to handle the faster and heavier aircraft . 816 Squadron was re - equipped with Grumman S - 2E Trackers . On 5 December 1976 , a fire was deliberately lit by a Fleet Air Arm member near the aircraft hangars at HMAS " Albatross " . The fire destroyed or seriously damaged twelve of the thirteen S - 2 Trackers in the RAN ' s possession . Subsequently , 15 second - hand S2 - G Trackers were purchased from the US Government and all remaining serviceable or repairable S2 - E Trackers were upgraded to the S - 2G standard . 816 Squadron continued to operate S - 2Gs until the decommissioning of HMAS " Melbourne " in 1982 , when the Squadron was again disbanded . From 1984 until 1987 , 816 Squadron operated Westland Wessex helicopters in the Army support role . 816 Squadron was re - formed in 1992 to operate Sikorsky Seahawk helicopters . The squadron has embarked helicopters on RAN " Adelaide " class and " Anzac " class frigates and has participated in operations including in the Persian Gulf . The squadron will continue to operate the Seahawk after the retirement of the S - 70B - 2 model . On 13 December 2012 it was announced that 816 Squadron will transition to the new MH - 60R Seahawk , with 725 Squadron being reformed to be the training squadron .
10 cm Gebirgshaubitze M 8 The 10 cm Gebirgshaubitze M 8 was a mountain howitzer used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . It was the first Austrian howitzer to use a modern hydraulic variable - recoil system . It used the same ammunition as the earlier 10 cm Gebirgshaubitze M 99 , which was shown to be accurate , but lacked sufficient power to destroy bunkers , during World War I . It had a gun shield . It could be mounted on a special sled carriage designed to allow for high - angle fire between + 43° and 70° elevation . This sled was transported on a special bedding cart with removable wheels . The wheels were removed when in position to fire . The 10 cm Gebirgshaubitze M 10 was virtually identical except that it had its traversing and elevating handwheels on different sides and it was not given a high - angle mount .
89th Flying Training Squadron The 89th Flying Training Squadron ( 89 FTS ) is part of the 80th Flying Training Wing based at Sheppard Air Force Base , Texas . It operates the T - 6 Texan II aircraft conducting flight training . History . The 89th flew combat missions in the China Burma India Theater from , 8 September 1943 – 28 April 1945 . It conducted undergraduate pilot training for US and allied students from , 1973 – 1981 and has been part of the Euro - NATO Joint Pilot Training Program since October 1981 .
3rd Division of the Colombian National Army The 3rd Division ( ) is a Colombian National Army division based in the city of Cali consisting of four brigade s : the 3rd Brigade based in Cali , the 8th Brigade based in Armenia , the 23rd Brigade based in Pasto and the 29th Brigade based in Popayán . The division is also supported by the 3rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Group based in Cali .
Battle of the Great Foss The battle . The Battle of the Great Foss occurred in 682 BC during the Second Messenian War ( 685 BC - 668 BC ) . The word ' foss ' indicates a trench . According to ancient historian " Pausanias " the outcome of the battle was determined by trickery . The Spartans bribed Aristocrates , the king of the Arcadians , to withdraw his men just as the battle was beginning . This resulted in the slaughter of the Messenians .
USCGC Swivel ( WYTL - 65603 ) USCGC " Swivel " ( WYTL - 65603 ) was one of fifteen 65 - foot steel - hulled harbor tugs , that entered service with the United States Coast Guard in the 1960s . Each was built to replace the 64 - foot wooden - hulled harbor tugs built during the 1940s . Ship history . USCGC " Swivel " was built by the Gibbs Gas Engine Company of Jacksonville , Florida , at a cost of $ 158 , 000 dollars . She was commissioned on 27 October 1961 . The 65 - footers remained unnamed until the mid - 1960s . " Swivel " was assigned to the First Coast Guard District and was based in Rockland , Maine . Her crew consisted of an Officer in Charge ( OINC ) , a Chief Boatswain Mate ( E - 7 ) ; an Executive Petty Officer ( XPO ) , a First Class Boatswain Mate ( E - 6 ) ; an Engineering Petty Officer ( EPO ) , a First Class Machinist Mate ( E - 6 ) ; a Second Class Machinist Mate ( E - 5 ) and three non - rated crew ( E - 3 or E - 2 ) . " Swivel ' s " area of operation was mainly Penobscot Bay and extended westward to Whitehead Light house , easterly to Saddleback Ledge and northward through East Penobscot Bay , Castine , and up the Penobscot River to the city of Bangor , Maine . " Swivel " s operations throughout the year included domestic icebreaking , aids to navigation , search and rescue , marine environmental protection , maritime law enforcement and commercial fishing vessel safety . " Swivel ' s " main mission in the summer months was to maintain more than fifty fixed ( non - floating ) Coast Guard aids to navigation , including five lighthouses . During the winter months the " Swivel " kept local harbors free of ice and spent a week in rotation with two other cutters keeping the Penobscot River open to navigation for fuel barges that transported home heating fuel , gasoline and aviation fuel to Bangor and the surrounding communities . " Swivel " received a Coast Guard Unit Commendation and two Meritorious Unit Commendation s for her missions , along with the Coast Guard Unit Commendation presented to all 1st Coast Guard District units involved with the 1994 ice season . " Swivel " was decommissioned at a ceremony held at the pier in Rockland , Maine , on 14 April 1995 . As part of the Coast Guard ' s closing of its base on Governors Island in New York City , the " Swivel " was brought down as a passenger and work boat for the Coast Guard and U . S . General Services Administration base closure staff . As of 2009 " Swivel " is now a service and staff boat owned by the Trust for Governors Island , which is redeveloping the former Coast Guard base at Governors Island , New York City .
Fusiliers Commandos de l ' Air The Fusiliers Commandos de l ' Air ( French for " Fusilier commandos of the Air ( force ) " ) of France ' s Armée de l ' Air ( French Air Force ) are equivalent to the United Kingdom ' s RAF Regiment , Germany ' s Objektschutzregiment der Luftwaffe or the United States Air Force ' s United States Air Force Security Forces . They are airmen armed and trained as infantry , who provide ground defense of air bases and secure forward base areas . They also participate in forward air control , combat search and rescue missions and as air assault infantry . Mission . Specialty Fusilier Commando Air . Responsible for the protection of defense - sensitive points of the Air Force and air bases , intervention in the context of overseas operations or special missions , participation in the tasks assigned to Special Operations Command . . . < br > Employed in unit protection or intervention . In units of protection , this is a fighter whose role is to ensure the protection of air power in the national territory , in the DOM COM , in countries with which France has cooperation agreements and on theaters ( human and material resources of the air Force air bases and detachment ) . fusilier commando air is to ensure as a team : The implementation of patrols to deter , detect and intervene to neutralize and delay , by force if necessary , any malicious act against facilities of the Air Force . Control access to the most sensitive . In units of protection of air bases on the mainland ( Dijon , Saint - Dizier , Luxeuil , Nancy , Drachenbronn , Evreux , Villacoublay , Orleans , Avord , Tours , Creil , Brest , Mont - de - Marsan , Cazaux , Cognac , Orange , Istres , Solenzara , Lyon , Paris ) . In protective detachment several months on external sites : ( Tchad , Afghanistan , Tajikistan , Djibouti , United Arab Emirates , French Guiana , Reunion , New Caledonia . . . ) . It may , subject to having the ability paratrooper and successful in - house evaluation tests , becoming a paratrooper and commando be used in response unit ( CPA 10 , 20 and 30 ) . After some years of experience in a training center and training ( training squadron of air commandos in Dijon ) . Organisation . CFPSAA : " Commandement des forces de protection et de sécurité de l ' Armée de l ' Air " , headquartered at Base aérienne 102 Dijon - Longvic , has overall responsibility for the Fusilier Commandos together with the French Air Force ' s firefighters . CFPSAA is made up of " . . . 3600 force protection specialists and firemen . . . 34 protection units , 33 fire - fighting . . . and three intervention paratrooper commandos . "
USS Flamingo ( AMS - 11 ) USS " Flamingo " ( MSC ( O ) - 11 / AMS - 11 / YMS - 238 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She was the third U . S . Navy ship to be named for the flamingo . History . " Flamingo " was laid down as " YMS - 238 " on 11 May 1942 by Stadium Yacht Basin , Inc . of Cleveland , Ohio ; launched , 12 September 1942 ; completed and commissioned on 23 November 1942 . On 10 November 1944 , " YMS - 238 " was damaged when ammunition ship exploded in Seeadler Harbor at Manus Island . " YMS - 238 " was renamed and reclassified as USS " Flamingo " ( AMS - 11 ) on 18 February 1947 . She was further reclassified as MSC ( O ) - 11 on 7 February 1955 . " Flamingo " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1959 . Her fate is unknown .
Câlnic , Alba Câlnic ( ; ) is a commune in Alba County , Romania , composed of two villages , Câlnic and Deal ( " Dál " ) . Câlnic village is known for its castle , which is on UNESCO ' s list of World Heritage Sites . The castle . The castle , first mentioned in 1269 , is very well preserved . Built as a noble ' s residence , it was bought in 1430 by local peasants and fortified . It consists of a large court surrounded by walls and some buildings adjacent to the walls . In the middle of the court there is a large donjon as well as a chapel . The castle differs from most other constructions of this type in that it is not situated on a hilltop but rather in a depression , much lower than the surrounding hills . This position , clearly inconvenient in case of a siege , can be explained by the castle ' s first function as a residence , not meant as a defensive construction . Bibliography . Liviu Stoica , Gheorghe Stoica , Gabriela Popa - Castles & fortresses in Transylvania : Alba County / Castele și cetăți din Transilvania : Județul Alba , Cluj - Napoca , 2009 , ISBN 978 - 973 - 0 - 06141 - 3