naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Rodolfo Stange General Rodolfo Stange Oelckers ( born September 30 , 1925 ) is a Chilean politician and former senator . He was a member of the Government Junta that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990 , representing the police force ( Carabineros de Chile ) . He was elected Senator in 1998 , finishing his term in 2005 . Stange was born in Puerto Montt , in southern Chile . He was the son of " Osvaldo Stange " and " Ina Oelckers " , of German ancestry . Because of his , he studied in the German Institute of Puerto Montt and later in the Liceo de Hombres . He joined the Military in 1945 and the Carabineros two years later . Thanks to a scholarship , Stange was able to continue his university studies in West Germany and upon his return he became a teacher of Police Sciences and Police Administration . In 1970 , Stange was named Administrative Chief of the School of Carabineros . Later , he was appointed the Coronel Director of the Superior Institute of Carabineros . In 1977 , after the Chilean coup d ' état , he became President of the Mining Company of Vallenar . During the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet , Stange rose through the ranks until becoming General Subdirector of the police force in June 1982 . When General Director César Mendoza Duran resigned on August 2 , 1985 , Stange was duly appointed to that post , serving " ex officio " as member of the military junta . Stange continued serving as general director after Pinochet ' s dictatorship ended in 1990 . After finishing his term as General Director of Carabineros in 1995 , Stange dedicated himself to politics . he joined the Independent Democratic Union and in 1997 was elected to the 17th Senatorial Circunscription ( South Los Lagos ) . While in the Senate , from 1998 to 2006 , Stange initially participated in the Commission of the Environment and the Commission of Maritime Issues , Fishing , and Aquaculture . He later joined the Commission of Government , Decentralization and Regionalization , the Commission of Public Works , and the Special Commission of Security . The general was accused of several human rights abuses , including obstruction of justice charges in the Caso Degollados and the murder of Julio Verne Acosta y Carlos Bezmalinovic , both members of the MIR , with the high ranks of the DIPOLCAR .
John Bell ( Ohio politician ) John Bell ( June 19 , 1796 – May 4 , 1869 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio . Born in Pennsboro , Pennsylvania , Bell received a limited education . He moved to Ohio in 1810 with his parents , who settled in Greene County , near Xenia . He moved to Lower Sandusky in 1823 and served as mayor in 1830 . He was the probate judge of Sandusky County for several terms . Bell was commissioned a major general in the state militia in 1834 and commanded Ohio forces in the Toledo War the next year . He served as postmaster of Lower Sandusky from November 14 , 1838 , to May 3 , 1841 . He served as member of the state house of representatives in 1844 and 1845 . He served as mayor of Fremont , Ohio , in 1845 and 1846 . Bell was elected as a Whig to the Thirty - first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Amos E . Wood ( January 7 , 1851 – March 3 , 1851 ) . He was a probate judge from 1852 to 1855 and again from 1858 to 1863 . He died in Fremont , Ohio , on May 4 , 1869 and was interred in Oakwood Cemetery ( Fremont , Ohio ) .
BOPA BOPA ( , Civil Partisans ) was a group of the Danish resistance movement operating at the time of the occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany during the Second World War . In 1942 , the illegal Communist Party of Denmark had begun organising small sabotage cells across the country , mainly formed by veterans who had been part of the volunteer anti - Franco brigades of the Spanish Civil War . However , as arms were scarce , the weapon of choice was often petrol and matches , and only small scale operations were carried out . On January 25 , 1943 a group of students — who had previously been refused membership of the communist resistance group due to the mistrust held by its members toward any elitism — set fire to a stock of German listening devices at " Dansk Industrisyndikat " in Hellerup using a bottle of spirit . The students were hereafter accepted into the group , and this caused a change of name from the original KOPA ( Kommunistiske Partisaner , Communist Partisans ) to BOPA . The new name was at first used jokingly by old members , but it soon became the most widely used name . The name was also changed because it were easier to obtain arms from the allies if you were not an openly communist resistance group . Operations grew in magnitude as individuals with inside knowledge of possible targets joined the group . Especially young apprentices from large factories proved useful in identifying targets which were supplying the German military , and this resulted in attacks on factories such as Burmeister & Wain and Riffelsyndikatet in 1943 , Riffelsyndikatet ( again ) and Global in 1944 and Always in 1945 . References . The Museum of Danish Resistance — BOPA http : / / www . holocaustresearchproject . org / revolt / danishresistance . html
Field training exercise A Field training exercise , generally shortened to the acronym " FTX " , describes a coordinated exercise conducted by military units for training purposes . FTX ' s in Active Duty . Field training exercises are usually practice " mini - battles " which provide fairly realistic scenarios and situations based on actual situations a unit might face if deployed . While squad and platoon sized units can conduct an FTX , most of these exercises involve units ranging from a company up to a regiment or brigade . Field training exercises rarely reach division strength . The exercise is usually carefully planned out by field grade or general officer s , usually without disclosing plans or other information to company - grade officer s . This makes the situation more unpredictable and realistic since company - grade officers make the majority of quick and immediate decisions on the battlefield . Nearly every possibility is considered during planning , and often the scenarios can be more difficult or more far - fetched than actual battles , thus sharpening the skills of those participating to a level which will surpass that of the enemy . FTX ' s in Basic Training . Most branches of the US Armed Forces implement field training exercises into their basic military training courses for enlistees and officers . In the Army and often in other branches , the last few days of basic training are used to conduct a field training exercise where recruits can practice the skills they have learned over the past several weeks of training . The purpose of this is to give soon - to - be soldiers a taste of battle before they leave basic training . This also allows instructors to look for mistakes and correct them before their recruits become active duty and potentially go to battle .
Edward Ringold Edward Ringold ( 1827 - 14 October 1874 ) was a United States Navy coxswain and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . Biography . On October 22 , 1862 , in action at Pocataligo , South Carolina , at 10 : 00AM troops began disembarking from their transporters , with three 12 pound boat howitzers and gun crews from the , Under the command of Lieutenant Lloyd Phoenix . Traveling with General John Milton Brannan ’ s forces through swamps , thickets , and past burned bridges all of which delayed the movement of the union forces . After landing the naval crews dragged the howitzers five miles inland and immediately met the enemy . Opening up a rapid fire , the naval gun crews advanced with the army forces until they fired away most of their ammunition . At this point Coxswain " Edward Ringold " of the " USS Wabash " ran back two miles filled his shirt with fixed ammunition , slung it over his back and ran back to the front under heavy fire , arriving in time to check the enemy ’ s advance . Ringold drowned on 14 October 1864 , although the exact location is unknown . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Citation : Served as coxswain on board the U . S . S . Wabash in the engagement at Pocataligo , 22 October 1862 . Soliciting permission to accompany the howitzer corps , and performing his duty with such gallantry and presence of mind as to attract the attention of all around him , Ringold , knowing there was a scarcity of ammunition , went through the whole line of fire with his shirt slung over his shoulder filled with fixed ammunition which he had brought from 2 miles to the rear of the lines .
HMAS LST 3008 HMAS " LST 3008 was a landing ship tank which was briefly operated by the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . She was built at Harland and Wolff in Belfast during World War II and was launched on 31 October 1944 . She served with the Royal Navy as HMS " LST 3008 until 1 July 1946 when she was transferred to the RAN . She was used as a transport in RAN service until 1948 when she was placed in reserve . HMAS " LST 3008 " was sold for scrap on 4 June 1950 and was scrapped in Sydney in the 1950s .
Battle of Kumsong The Battle of Kumsong , also known as the Jincheng Campaign ( ) , was one of the last battles of the Korean War . In July 1953 , after the Republic of Korea ( ROK ) refused to participate in peace negotiations between the Communist and UN forces , the Chinese forces launched an attack on the Kumsong River Salient at the south of the town of Kumsong , scoring a victory over the ROK forces . Prelude . During the ceasefire negotiations seeking to end the Korean War , the UN and Communist forces were unable to agree on the issue of prisoner repatriation . ROK President Syngman Rhee , who refused to sign the armistice , released 27 , 000 North Korean prisoners . This action caused an outrage among Chinese and North Korean commands and threatened to derail the ongoing negotiations . As a result , the Chinese decided to launch an offensive aimed at the Kumsong River Salient , which was held by the ROK II Corps . Battle . The battle was the only battle in the Korean War in which the Chinese forces had a superiority in firepower . After concentrating overwhelming strength in the Kumsong sector , the Chinese forces launched an offensive which broke the defenses of the Kumsong River Salient . By July 16 , the salient was largely destroyed , along with the elite " White Tiger " regiment of the ROK Capital Division , and thousands of ROK soldiers were taken prisoner . After July 16 , the ROK 4th , 6th and 8th divisions , counter - attacked the Chinese forces but were unable to retake the area . Fighting in the area did not stop until July 27 , 1953 , the day the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed .
Mahdi ( malware ) Mahdi is computer malware that was initially discovered in February 2012 and was reported in July of that year . According to Kaspersky Lab and Seculert ( an Israeli security firm which discovered the malware ) , the software has been used for targeted cyber espionage since December 2011 , infecting at least 800 computers in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries . Mahdi is named after files used in the malware and refers to the Muslim figure .
Tessarakonteres The tessarakonteres ( , " forty - rowed " ) , or simply " forty " was a very large galley built in the Hellenistic period . The name " forty " refers to the number of rowers on each column of oars that propelled it . It was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity , and possibly the largest human - powered vessel ever built . Sources . The forty was built for Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt in the 3rd century BC , and described by Callixenus of Rhodes . The passage survives in Athenaeus ' s " Deipnosophistae " in the 2nd century AD . Plutarch also mentions that Ptolemy Philopator owned this immense vessel in his " Life of Demetrios " , commenting : Number of rows of oars . The trireme was the main Greek warship up to and into the Hellenistic period ( i . e . , at the beginning of the 4th century BC ) , during which several new galley types were introduced , such as tetrēreis ( i . e . , " fours " , sing . tetrērēs ) and pentēreis ( i . e . , " fives " , sing . pentērēs ) . This led up to the mid - 4th century BC innovations of " sixes " , " sevens " and so on , even up to " thirteens " and , by the 3rd century BC , a " sixteen " . This trend culminated with the tessarakonteres . Little evidence survives about all these ships , and their names have proved difficult to interpret . During this period ships were increasingly designed as artillery platforms , with enclosed sides and a complete deck . The additional weight all this involved was probably the design imperative for adding extra rowing capacity . Ships of this type were depicted with up to three banks of oars , so that they were really just larger versions of the bireme and trireme with more than one rower per oar . From galleys used more recently , in the 17th and 18th centuries AD , it is known that the maximum number of men that can operate a single oar efficiently is eight . A " sixteen " is one of the large galleys most frequently mentioned . This could have had two banks of oars on each side , with each oar operated by eight men . However , this theory still leaves the problem of the " forty " without a satisfactory explanation . Construction . A hull of such size would involve great bend - induced stresses , which were dealt with using strake edge jointing . The plank shear issue was more directly addressed in the ancient practice of mortise and tenon - jointed planks ( strakes ) , which " certainly goes back to 14th century BC and very probably before that " . The average trireme was well short of this scale , intended as it was to be fast in the water and light enough to be hauled up on the beach by the crew . The large scale of the ship ' s rams that could be cast in the ancient world was determined from a monument that once displayed them . Specifications . According to an estimation by Lionel Casson , Ptolemy ' s forty was an oversize catamaran galley , measuring 128 m ( 420 ft ) . The twin hull arrangement with a central working platform was designed for stability in sea battles with catapults and could carry 3 , 000 - 4 , 000 marines . Record - holder . The Guinness Book of Records recognizes it as the world ' s " Largest Human Powered Vessel " .
Hermann Stuckmann Hermann Stuckmann ( 2 January 1921 in Wuppertal - Barmen – 23 August 1944 in the Bay of Biscay ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . In his short combat career he sank one ship , and damaged two others . Career . Stuckmann joined the " Kriegsmarine " in September 1939 . After training aboard the ship , he took part in the occupation of Denmark in April 1940 . In July 1941 he joined the U - boat force and served as Watch Officer for more than a year aboard under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Helmut Möhlmann . In August 1943 Stuckmann commissioned the Type VIIC U - boat , and was promoted to " Oberleutnant zur See " in October 1943 . He commanded " U - 316 " as a school boat in the Baltic Sea until May 1944 , when he took command of the combat boat . During the summer of 1944 he operated against Allied landing ships in the English Channel . Stuckmann died on 18 August 1944 , when " U - 621 " was sunk with all hands in the Bay of Biscay near La Rochelle by depth charges from the Canadian destroyer s , and .
Brdo Castle near Kranj Brdo near Kranj ( , ) is an estate and a mansion in the Slovenian region of Upper Carniola in the municipality of Kranj north of Ljubljana . It is the Slovenian Government ' s main venue for diplomatic meetings and other Government - sponsored events . History . The present mansion was built in 1510 by Carniola n nobleman Georg ( Jurij ) Egkh , general administrator of Habsburg private estates in the Duchy of Carniola . It was initially built in the Renaissance style , but has been frequently renovated since . In the 18th century , it was bought by Michelangelo Zois , father of the Carniolan Enlightenment patron of the arts and natural scientist Žiga Zois . In the 19th century , it changed hands several times , with its interior being completely renovated . In the first decades of the 20th century it fell into decay until it was bought by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia in 1935 . Prince Paul transformed Brdo from an eclectic and biedermeier provincial mansion into a refined summer royal residence . Between 1935 and 1941 , several prominent individuals stayed as guests at Brdo , including Edward VIII of the United Kingdom . After Yugoslavia became a Communist state in 1945 , the mansion was confiscated from the Karadjordjević dynasty and became a summer retreat of the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito . Brdo and the Vila Bled at the nearby Lake Bled were two former royal residences he typically spent much time in spring and summer . During one such visit in spring 1980 , Tito suffered a seizure at Brdo and was transferred to the University Medical Centre Ljubljana , where he later died . After Tito ' s death in 1980 , the estate was transferred to the Socialist Republic of Slovenia and it was later inherited by the Government of the independent Slovenian state . In its traditional role of hosting national and international conferences , in 1990 , it was the venue of a conference between the leaders of the six Yugoslavian republics in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent the dissolution of the federation . On June 16 , 2001 it hosted a summit between George W . Bush and Vladimir Putin , which was the first official meeting between the two leaders . During Slovenia ' s EU Presidency in the first half of 2008 , it was the venue of a series of top level international meetings . The interior of the mansion is decorated with paintings , frescos and sculptures by famous Slovene artists , such as France Mihelič , Maksim Sedej , Boris and Zdenko Kalin and Karel Putrih . Ownership dispute . Ownership of the castle is disputed . Descendants of Prince Paul have argued that the confiscation was illegal and that the property should be returned to them . The claim was rejected by a lower court in 2011 , and the appeal was rejected by a higher court in April 2012 . Claimants still attempt to have the ruling overturned by the Supreme Court of Slovenia .
516th Strategic Fighter Squadron The 516th Strategic Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 407th Strategic Fighter Wing stationed at Great Falls AFB , Montana . It was inactivated on 1 July 1957 . History . Established in the spring of 1943 as an A - 24 Banshee ( Douglas SBD ) operational training squadron . Unfortunately , the Army A - 24 version of the Douglas dive bomber never achieved the degree of success as did its Navy SBD counterpart . In July 1943 , the squadron was relieved of its training mission and deployed to Amchitka Army Airfield , Alaska Territory , to take part in the Battle of Kiska during the Aleutian Islands Campaign . After carrying out an attack on Kiska Island on August 4 , 1943 , the squadron returned to the Continenal United States and was re - equipped with the A - 36 Apache ground attack version of the P - 51B Mustang . Was assigned to the Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics at Lakeland AAF Florida until November when the school was closed down . Re - equipped with P - 51 Mustang s and P - 47 Thunderbolt s , became a training unit at Galveston AAF , Texas until April 1944 when the squadron was inactivated in a re - alignment of Training Command operational training units . Was reactivated by Strategic Air Command in 1953 as a strategic fighter squadron ; mission to provide fighter escort for SAC ' s long - range B - 36 Peacemaker bomber . Equipped with F - 84G Thunderjet s , the squadron deployed to Misawa AB , Japan , August – November 1954 to provide air defense . Left F - 84G ' s at Misawa , returned to Great Falls AFB and was re - equipped with F - 84F Thunderflash swept - wing aircraft . Also operated a few RF - 84F photo - reconnaissance aircraft . Squadron operated until 1957 when the B - 36 was being phased out and the unit was inactivated . The new B - 52 Stratofortress and B - 47 Stratojet bombers flew higher and faster than the F - 84 escort fighters and instead of flying in formations , SAC ' s bombers flew individually to their selected targets .
Japanese escort Shimushu " Shimushu " participated in the landings in Thailand , escorting the 55th IJA Infantry Division to landings at Nakhon on 8 December 1941 . " Shimushu " also escorted various other invasion convoys to Malaya , Sumatra , and Palembang . Using her sonar , she located the British battlecruiser on 29 January 1942 , being the first ship to locate the submerged wreck . " Shimushu " participated in the HI - 40 convoy disaster of 19 – 24 February 1944 , in which all six oilers that were escorted by her — and only her , as she was the lone escort vessel — were torpedoed and sunk by the American submarines and . After that convoy disaster , the Naval General staff discontinued assigning only one escort to convoys and organized larger convoys with more escorts . " Shimushu " participated in the TA No . 2 and 3 , the Japanese effort to hold Leyte island , and claimed one of the five B - 25 Mitchell medium bomber s lost in the first wave . On 25 November , " Shimushu " was torpedoed by and lost her bow , and was repaired by 20 January 1945 . " Shimushu " spent more than a year on repatriation duty and was ceded to the Soviet Union on 5 July 1947 . Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship " EK - 31 " ( 1947 ) , dispatch ship " PS - 25 " ( 1948 ) , repair ship " PM - 74 " ( 1957 ) . Decommissioned on May 16 , 1959 and scrapped .
Pogue Pogue is pejorative military slang for non - combat , staff , and other rear - echelon or support units . " Pogue " frequently includes those who don ' t have to undergo the stresses that the infantry does . History and etymology . It has been used in the United States Navy and Marine Corps since before World War II , entering Army usage around the time of the Vietnam War . In the Canadian Forces a pogue is referred to as a WOG , short for " without guns " or " without guts " . Originally , the term was a sexual insult in early twentieth century gay culture , as " pogue " was slang for a young male who submitted to sexual advances . Due to having lost contact with its linguistic source , the modern military vernacular has turned " pogue " into a retronym / backronym . " Pogue " is now sometimes incorrectly described as the pronunciation of the acronym POG , or Person Other than Grunt , or Posted On Garrison . It is also sometimes retronymed out to " Person On Ground with Unused Equipment " ( hence the spelling ) . Sometimes used as " People Of Good Use Elsewhere . "