naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Star for Loyalty and Merit The Star for Loyalty and Merit ( Dutch : " Ster voor Trouw en Verdienste " ) was a civilian award established on 1 January 1894 by Governor - General Carel Herman Aart van der Wijck of the Dutch East Indies . The star replaced the old Medal for Civil Merit , which had limited prestige and status according to the Netherlands government . The star was awarded in gold to " significant and meritorious " natives , and in silver to village chiefs and leaders of the " Eastern foreigner " ( i . e . Chinese ) communities . Dutch ( Europeans ) were not eligible to receive the star . The star was considered the colonial equivalent of the Order of the Netherlands Lion ( or at least the " Brother " grade associated with the Order ) , as well as the medals and the Knight ' s Cross of the Order of Orange - Nassau . The star ceased to be awarded after 1949 . Grades . The Star for Loyalty and Merit originally had four grades : On January 4 , 1924 , Governor - General Dirk Fock created a fifth grade , the " Great Silver Star " , ranked immediately after the Small Gold Star ; the old Silver Star was renamed the " Small Silver Star " thereafter . Insignia . Despite the " Great " and " Small " nomenclature , the five grades of the star were all equal in size , consisted of a badge in the form of a 12 - pointed star with straight rays , suspended from a ribbon worn on the left chest : The ribbon was originally blue with an orange central stripe , the same as the " Brother " grade of the Order of the Netherlands Lion ; for the Great and Small Gold Stars the ribbon had an additional narrow orange stripe on the edges . These were changed on 1 April 1945 into a blue ribbon with one to five narrow orange wavy stripes , with five stripes being the highest ( Great Gold Star ) .
HMAS Huon ( naval base ) HMAS " Huon " was a shore establishment of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) located in Hobart , Tasmania . A block of land on the west bank of the Derwent River was purchased by the RAN in 1911 , with construction starting in 1912 . Although completed during the 1910s , the base remained unnammed until 27 August 1939 , when she was commissioned as HMAS " Cerberus VI , identifying her as a subsidiary depot to the Victorian naval base . In 1940 , the decision was made to give RAN shore establishments unique names , and " Cerberus VI " was recommissioned on 1 August as HMAS " Derwent . The base was renamed to HMAS " Huon " on 1 March 1942 ; the Royal Navy had previously commissioned the destroyer , and RAN wartime policy was to avoid duplicating names with allied navies . After World War II , " Huon " s status was downgraded in 1946 to a care and maintenance base . In 1960 , the depot ' s role was expanded to become the primary support and recruitment base in Tasmania , as well as home to the Hobart Port Division of the Royal Australian Navy Reserve and the state ' s primary cadet training facility . From 1967 to 1982 , was attached to the base for Reserve training duties . She was replaced by the patrol boat , which was assigned to " Huon " until 1994 . On 17 June 1994 , " Huon " was decommissioned ; one of several RAN bases closed due to budget cuts .
8th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 8th Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . The 8th Wisconsin ' s mascot was Old Abe , a bald eagle that accompanied the regiment into battle . Service . The 8th Wisconsin was raised at Madison , Wisconsin , and mustered into Federal service September 13 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out on September 5 , 1865 , at Demopolis , Alabama . Total enlistments and casualties . The 8th Wisconsin initially mustered 870 men and later recruited an additional 333 men , for a total of 1 , 203 men . The regiment lost 2 officers and 53 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds , plus another 2 officers and 219 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 280 fatalities . Battles . The 8th Wisconsin Infantry along with their mascot Old Abe The War Eagle attended numerous battles and lesser engagements during the war :
Fortified tower A fortified tower ( also defensive tower or castle tower or , in context , just tower ) is one of the defensive structures used in fortification s , such as castle s , along with curtain wall s . Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions . Shape of towers . Rectangular towers . Square or rectangular towers are easy to construct and give a good amount of usable internal space . Their disadvantage is that the corners are vulnerable to mining . Despite this vulnerability , rectangular towers continued to be used , and Muslim military architecture generally favoured them . Round towers . Round towers , also called drum towers , are more resistant to siege technology such as sappers and projectile s than square towers . The round front is more resistant than the straight side of a square tower , just as a load - bearing arch . This principle was already understood in antiquity . Horseshoe - shaped towers . The horseshoe - shaped ( or D - shaped ) tower is a compromise that gives the best of a round and a square tower . The semicircular side ( the one facing the attacker ) could resist siege engines , while the rectangular part at the back gives internal space and a large fighting platform on top . The large towers at Krak des Chevaliers and the gate tower s at Harlech are good examples . Armenian castles such as Lampron also favoured this style . Polygonal towers . A common form is the octagonal tower , used in some bergfried s and at Castel del Monte in Italy . There are also hybrid shapes . For instance , the keep at Château Gaillard is round , but also has a triangular beak to deflect projectiles . Towers with specific functions . Wall towers provide flanking fire ( from crossbow s or other projectile weapons ) to a straight part of the curtain wall . Corner towers enfilade the two adjoining wall faces . If corner towers are far apart , additional flanking towers may be added between them . Towers in an outer curtain wall are often open at the back . Particularly large towers are often the strongest point of the castle : the keep or the bergfried . As the gate is always a vulnerable point of a castle , towers may be built near it to strengthen the defences at this point . In crusader castles , there is often a gate tower , with the gate passage leading through the base of the tower itself . In European castles , it is more common to have flanking towers on either side of the gatehouse . Sources . < BR >
Alec George Horwood Alec George Horwood ( 6 January 1914 – 20 January 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Horwood was 30 years old , and a lieutenant in the 1 / 6th Battalion , The Queen ' s Royal West Surrey Regiment , British Army , attached to 1st Battalion , The Northamptonshire Regiment during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 18 January 1944 at Kyauchaw , Burma ( now Myanmar ) , Lieutenant Horwood accompanied a company into action with his forward mortar observation post . Throughout the day he was in an exposed position and under intense fire , but he came back at night with most valuable information about the enemy . On 19 January he moved forward and established another observation post , directing accurate mortar fire in support of two attacks , and also carrying out personal reconnaissance , deliberately drawing the enemy fire so that their position could be definitely located . On 20 January he volunteered to lead the attack and while doing so was mortally wounded . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Pierre Louis Charles de Failly Pierre - Louis Charles de Failly ( 21 January 1810 – 15 November 1892 ) was a French general . He was born in Rozoy - sur - Serre , Aisne , the son of Count Charles - Louis de Failly ( descendant of a family of ancient nobility from Lorraine ) , and of Sophie Desmons de Maigneux . He was educated at the Saint - Cyr and entered the army in 1828 . In 1851 he had risen to the rank of colonel , and Napoleon III , with whom he was a favorite , made him general of brigade in 1854 and general of division in 1855 , after which Failly was for a time his " aide - de - camp " . During the Crimean War he served in the siege of Sevastopol . During the Austro - Sardinian War he commanded the 2nd Infantry Division in the 4th Corps . In 1867 he led the French expeditionary corps sent to protect the Papal States with which he defeated Giuseppe Garibaldi at Mentana , this action being the first in which the chassepot rifle was used . Back in France , he was made a senator for life . In 1870 , during the Franco - Prussian War , Failly commanded the 5th Corps . His inactivity at Bitche on 6 August while the 1st Corps on his right and the 2nd Corps on his left were crushed at the battles of Worth and Spicheren respectively , gave rise to the greatest indignation in France . Failly then commanded the right wing of Marshal de Mac - Mahon ' s " Army of Châlons " during the Sedan campaign , and the disastrous outcome of that campaign is partly ascribed to Failly ' s tactics , though he is certainly no more to blame than the other French generals . Failly and his 5th Corps were routed at Beaumont on 30 August 1870 by two corps led by George of Saxony . In this battle the French were surprised in their cantonments and driven back upon Mouzon . The defeat closed the southern escape route and forced the French " Army of Châlons " towards the Belgian frontier and encirclement at Sedan . He was captured by the Prussians at Sedan on 2 September , but was liberated some months later . The rest of his life was spent in retirement . He died at Compiègne , aged 82 . Failly wrote " Campagne de 1870 . Opérations et marches du 5ème corps jusqu ' au 31 août " ( Brussels , 1871 ) .
Siege of Nara Following the 1180 Battle of the Uji , in which Minamoto no Yorimasa fought a small Taira army with the help of monks from the Mii - dera and other temples , the victorious Taira , angry at being opposed , decided to assault and burn the Miidera , before moving on to Nara . The Taira were opposed by warrior monks from nearly every major monastery and temple in Nara . Taira no Shigehira and Tomomori , both sons of Kiyomori , head of the clan , commanded the siege . The monks dug ditches in the roads , and build many forms of improvised defenses . They fought primarily with bow & arrow , and " naginata " , while the Taira were on horseback , giving them a great advantage . Despite the monks ' superior numbers , and their strategic defenses , their enemy succeeded in destroying nearly every temple in the city , including the Kōfuku - ji and Tōdai - ji . Only the Enryaku - ji managed to repel the attackers and survive . The ' Heike Monogatari ' laments the destruction the Tōdai - ji ' s " Daibutsu " ( Great Buddha statue ) : In all , 3 , 500 people died in the burning of Nara .
BA - 30 The BA - 30 was a Soviet half - track armored car developed in 1937 . Only a small number were built . Developments . Developed at the NATI Institute , it was hoped that the BA - 30 would be an improvement on the off - road performance of the previous BA series and was based on the chassis of the NATI - 3 half - tracked transporter , whereas its armored hull was fully welded like the BA - 20 . The tracks on the BA - 30 used 4 small and two large wheels , along with one return roller which was also incorporated on the NATI - 3 and GAZ - 60 . When used in snowy environments two skis could be added to the front wheels . The BA - 30 was noted for having good performance over varying terrains . It was fitted with a 71 - TK - 1 radio with its antenna on the hull , armed with a 7 . 62 DT machine gun , while the vehicle needed manning by a crew of three . Unapproved . Only a few BA - 30s were built and tested , with some taking part in the Winter War of 1939 between the Soviet Union and Finland . However this armored car was not approved for mass production as it was felt to be to heavy compared to other lightly armored cars . Other uses . BA - 30 is the designator for a D cell battery in the U . S . military ' s Joint Electronics Type Designation System .
Fredrikstad Fortress Fredrikstad fortress ( " Fredrikstad festning " ) was a fortification in Fredrikstad , Norway . It was the base of the , with defence related responsibilities for the east side of Oslo Fjord . History . Fredrikstad fortress was constructed between 1663 - 1666 by the officer Willem Coucheron and his son Anthony Coucheron following the order of the Dano - Norwegian King Frederick II . A temporary fortification had previously been built on the site during the Torstenson War ( 1644 - 1645 ) between Sweden and Denmark - Norway . The first commander was appointed 6 January 1662 ; he was Lieutenant Colonel Johan Eberhard Speckhan . Besides the fortress the prison works was also under the supervision of the commander of Fredrikstad fortress . In 1716 the fortress was used by the naval hero Peder Tordenskjold when he attacked the Swedish fleet during the Battle of Dynekilen . The only time the fortress were attacked was during the Swedish - Norwegian War ( 1814 ) . The fortress , under the command of Nils Christian Frederik Hals , capitulated on 4 August 1814 . The fortress was closed in 1903 , but continued to serve as a garrison . Fredrikstad fortress is unique in Norway by being the only fortress that is preserved as it was . The remaining military installations in Fredrikstad were closed in 2002 and today the fortress with its mix of old buildings and art exhibitions is very popular for visitors . Fortifications . The fortifications in Fredrikstad included :
45th Infantry Regiment ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The 45th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army . The regiment was attached to the 6th Infantry Brigade of the 6th Division and participated during the Second Sino - Japanese War . The regiment fought in the later stages of World War II , assigned to the Japanese Seventeenth Army at Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands .
53rd Infantry Division ( France ) The 53rd Infantry Division ( ) was a French Army formation during World War I and World War II . During World War I , the division comprised : It was part of the French 1st , 2nd , 5th , 9th , 11th , 13th , 20th , 33rd , 35th and 40th Corps , during which it participated in the Battle of Charleroi , the Battle of Guise , the First Battle of the Marne , the First Battle of the Aisne , the Second Battle of Artois , the Second Battle of Champagne , the Battle of the Somme , the Battle of the Lys , the Battle of Matz , and the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . At various times , it was part of the French First Army , French Second Army , French Third Army , French Fourth Army , French Fifth Army , French Sixth Army , French Seventh Army and French Tenth Army . During the Battle of France in May 1940 , the division contained the following units : It was a Series B Reserve division containing older reservist s .
USS Gallery ( FFG - 26 ) USS " Gallery " ( FFG - 26 ) , eighteenth ship of the " Oliver Hazard Perry " class of guided - missile frigate s , was named for three brothers : Rear Admiral Daniel V . Gallery ( 1901 – 1977 ) , Rear Admiral William O . Gallery ( 1904 – 1981 ) , and Rear Admiral Philip D . Gallery ( 1907 – 1973 ) . Ordered from Bath Iron Works on 28 February 1977 as part of the FY77 program , " Gallery " was laid down on 17 May 1980 , launched on 20 December 1980 , and commissioned on 5 December 1981 . Decommissioned and stricken on 14 June 1996 , she was transferred to Egypt on 25 September 1996 as " Taba " ( F916 ) . , she remained in active service with the Egyptian Navy . " Gallery " ( FFG - 26 ) was the first ship of that name in the US Navy . Coat of Arms . Shield . The colors green and gold , and the rampant lions have been adapted from a personal device of the Gallery family . The lions , symbolic of courage and strength , face in different directions indicating that the brothers for whom this ship is named , served in both theaters of operation during World War II . The star alludes to their many awards , and denote excellence and achievement . The crossed swords , adapted from the Officer and Enlisted badges , allude to Naval Combat Operations . Crest . Blue and gold are the colors traditionally associated with the Navy . The upraised arm in green and gold is an adaptation from the Gallery family device . The collared and chained sea - wolf symbolizes the only capture of a U - boat from the German wolf - packs during World War II . The crest also symbolizes the curbing and destruction of the enemy sub activities in the Pacific theatre . Motto . Manu Forti – " With a Strong Hand "
James Dearing James Dearing ( April 25 , 1840 – April 22 , 1865 ) was a Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War . He was mortally wounded at the Battle of High Bridge during the Appomattox Campaign , making him one of the last officers to die in the war ; there are claims that he was the last general officer to die in the war . Early life . Dearing was born in Campbell County , Virginia . He attended Hanover Academy , but received an appointment to the United States Military Academy in 1858 . He was first in his class and nearing the completion of his West Point education when his home state seceded . He resigned on April 22 , 1861 , and was commissioned a lieutenant of artillery in the Virginia Militia . Civil War . Dearing fought in at the First Battle of Bull Run in the Washington Artillery out of New Orleans . He and his guns served with George E . Pickett ' s Brigade at Yorktown , Williamsburg , Seven Pines , and with Pickett ' s Division at Fredericksburg . He was promoted to captain during this time . At the Battle of Gettysburg Dearing commanded a battalion of artillery in Lt . Gen . James Longstreet ' s First Corps , Army of Northern Virginia , as a major . He actively participated in the second and third days of battle including the massive artillery bombardment prior to Pickett ' s Charge . He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on February 27 , 1864 . He took command of the horse artillery for Robert E . Lee ' s army and then commanded various cavalry brigades through the end of the war . Dearing was appointed a brigadier general of " volunteer troops " on April 29 , 1864 , but this appointment was never confirmed by the Confederate Congress . He served through the Siege of Petersburg with Lee ' s cavalry , under Maj . Gen . W . H . F . " Rooney " Lee . During the retreat to Appomattox , Dearing fought a close range pistol duel with Union Col . Theodore Read at the Battle of High Bridge on April 6 , 1865 . Read was killed by Dearing ; then , Dearing was mortally wounded by a Union soldier as he ( Dearing ) fought with Union colonel Francis Washburn . Dearing died in Lynchburg , Virginia , and is buried there in Spring Hill Cemetery . Just prior to his death at the Ladies ' Relief Hospital , he was visited and paroled by his old West Point classmate , Brig . Gen . Ranald S . Mackenzie , then commanding in Lynchburg . There are claims that he was the last general to die in the Civil War , although his lack of congressional approval for that rank means that he formally was serving in his previous rank of lieutenant colonel at the time of his death .
Daffadar Daffadar ( Hindustani : दफ़्फ़दार ; Urdu : ) was the equivalent rank to sergeant in the cavalry of the British Indian Army , the next rank up from lance daffadar . The equivalent in other units was havildar . Like a British sergeant , a daffadar wore three rank chevron s .
Dan Ghica - Radu " Lieutenant - general " Dan Ghica - Radu ( born September 13 , 1955 , Topoloveni , Argeş County ) was the chief of the Romanian Land Forces Staff from 17 March 2009 to 16 January 2011 . Personal life . Dan Ghica - Radu is married and has two children .
USS Julia Hamilton ( SP - 1460 ) USS " Julia Hamilton " ( SP - 1460 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in service from 1917 to 1918 . " Julia Hamilton " was built as a wooden civilian schooner of the same name . On 17 August 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , the Maryland Conservation Commission , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She entered service as USS " Julia Hamilton " ( SP - 1460 ) . Assigned to the 5th Naval District and based at Norfolk , Virginia , " Julia Hamilton " served on patrol duties in the Chesapeake Bay during her naval career . The Navy returned her to the Conservation Commission on 28 March 1918 .
Franz Hack Franz Hack ( 3 February 1915 – 9 June 1997 ) was an Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant Colonel ) in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross with Oakleaves and the Close Combat Clasp in Gold . Hack was born in Mannheim , Germany on 3 February 1915 . Upon joining the SS he was issued the service number 227 129 , his first command was the 1st Company , Germania Regiment in 1938 . He ended the war as the commander of the 10th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Westland " , 5th SS Panzer Grenadier Division Wiking . Hack died in Hamburg , Germany in June 1997 .
RG41 RG41 , is a South African 8x8 armored fighting vehicle ( AFV ) with mine resistant protection developed by Land Systems OMC , a subsidiary of BAE Systems . The RG41 was designed as an affordable modern AFV can be utilized in a variety of roles , including infantry section vehicle , a command vehicle , an ambulance , recovery vehicle and engineer vehicle . Its large payload capability allows additional armour to be added to the RG41 and verity of weapon systems such as the Alliant Techsystems ' s 25mm M242 Bushmaster mounted in a tactical response turret , the TRT - 25 remote weapon station ( RWS ) . History . Land Systems OMC , a subdivision of BAE Systems in South Africa , began development of the RG41 in early 2008 as a private venture after seeing a need for an affordable combat system . To meet this requirement , the RG41 employs an ITAR ( International Tariff in Arms Regulation ) free design and consists of commercial off - the - shelf ( COTS ) components that are not subject to US International Traffic in Arms Regulations .
United States national cemetery " United States national cemetery " is a designation for 146 nationally important cemeteries in the United States . A national cemetery is generally a military cemetery containing the graves of U . S . military personnel , veterans and their spouses but not exclusively so . There are also state veteran cemeteries . The best known national cemetery is Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County , Virginia , outside of Washington , D . C . Some national cemeteries , especially Arlington , contain the graves of important civilian leaders and other important national figures . Some national cemeteries also contain sections for Confederate soldiers . The National Cemetery Administration of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs maintains 130 of the 146 national cemeteries . The Department of the Army maintains two national cemeteries , Arlington National Cemetery and United States Soldiers ' and Airmen ' s Home National Cemetery . The National Park Service ( NPS ) maintains 14 cemeteries associated with historic sites and battlefields . Additionally the American Battle Monuments Commission maintains 24 American military cemeteries overseas . These exceptions are noted on the list below . History . The first national cemeteries were set up after the United States Civil War by Edmund Burke Whitman . Congress passed a law to establish and protect national cemeteries in 1867 . Final military honors are provided for qualified veterans by several volunteer details known as a Memorial Honor Detail or MHDs upon request of family members through their choice of mortuaries handling the deceased ' s remains .