naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Foster J . Sayers Foster Joseph Sayers ( April 27 , 1924 – November 12 , 1944 ) was a 20 year old infantryman from Centre County . He joined the Army from Howard , Pennsylvania in March 1943 . He received the Medal of Honor for acts of bravery near Thionville , France on November 12 , 1944 . Foster Joseph Sayers Reservoir at Bald Eagle State Park near his hometown of Howard , Pennsylvania is named in his honor . He is buried in Schenck ' s Cemetery in Howard , Pennsylvania . Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class , U . S . Army , Company L , 357th Infantry , 90thInfantry Division . Entered service at : Howard , Pa . Birth : Marsh Creek , Pa . Place and date : Near Thionville , France , November 12 , 1944 . Killed in action . G . O . No . : 89 , October 19 , 1945 . Citation : He displayed conspicuous gallantry above and beyond the call of duty in combat on 12 November 1944 , near Thionville , France . During an attack on strong hostile forces entrenched on a hill he fearlessly ran up the steep approach toward his objective and set up his machinegun 20 yards from the enemy . Realizing it would be necessary to attract full attention of the dug - in Germans while his company crossed an open area and flanked the enemy , he picked up his gun , charged through withering machinegun and rifle fire to the very edge of the emplacement , and there killed 12 German soldiers with devastating close - range fire . He took up a position behind a log and engaged the hostile infantry from the flank in an heroic attempt to distract their attention while his comrades attained their objective at the crest of the hill . He was killed by the very heavy concentration of return fire ; but his fearless assault enabled his company to sweep the hill with minimum of casualties , killing or capturing every enemy soldier on it . Pfc . Sayers ' indomitable fighting spirit , aggressiveness , and supreme devotion to duty live on as an example of the highest traditions of the military service .
206th ( 2nd Essex ) Brigade The 206th ( 2nd Essex ) Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as a second line brigade , part of the 69th ( 2nd East Anglian ) Division , from those men in the Territorial Force who had not agreed to serve overseas . The second line infantry battalions had a minimum strength of 600 men .
David Ben - Besht David Ben - Besht ( ; born 1950 ) is a general in the Israel Defense Forces . Until 2007 he was commander of the Israeli Navy . Biography . David Ben - Besht was born in Israel . He received a B . A . in Economics and Business Management from the University of Haifa and studied at the United States Marine Corps College for a year in the early 1970s . Naval career . Ben - Besht began his military career as a draftee in 1970 , but then volunteered to attend the naval officer ' s course . Through the 1970s he commanded a number of vessels including a Saar 2 and a Saar 4 missile boat . During the 1980s he moved into the area naval instructional , and from there he continued to advance up the chain of command , becoming the Israeli Navy ' s Chief of Staff in 2002 and commander in September 2004 . As Naval Commander , Ben - Besht dealt with Palestinian arms smugglers moving equipment by boat from Egypt into the Gaza Strip .
Philippine Commission The Philippine Commission was a body appointed by the President of the United States to exercise legislative and limited executive powers in the Philippines . It was first appointed by President William McKinley in 1901 . Beginning in 1907 , it acted as the upper house of a bicameral Philippine Legislature , with the elected Philippine Assembly acting as lower house . The Jones Act of 1916 created an elected Philippine Senate to replace the Philippine Commission . First Philippine Commission . On January 20 , 1899 , President McKinley appointed the First Philippine Commission ( the Schurman Commission ) , a five - person group headed by Dr . Jacob Schurman , president of Cornell University , to investigate conditions in the islands and make recommendations . In the report that they issued to the president the following year , the commissioners acknowledged Filipino aspirations for independence ; they declared , however , that the Philippines was not ready for it . Specific recommendations included the establishment of civilian government as rapidly as possible ( the American chief executive in the islands at that time was the military governor ) , including establishment of a bicameral legislature , autonomous governments on the provincial and municipal levels , and a system of free public elementary schools . Second Philippine Commission . From " Philippines : A Country Study " by Ronald E . Dolan : " The Second Philippine Commission ( the Taft Commission ) , appointed by McKinley on March 16 , 1900 , and headed by William Howard Taft , was granted legislative as well as limited executive powers . Between September 1900 and August 1902 , it issued 499 laws . A judicial system was established , including a Supreme Court , and a legal code was drawn up to replace antiquated Spanish ordinances . A civil service was organized . The 1901 municipal code provided for popularly elected presidents , vice president s , and councilors to serve on municipal boards . The municipal board members were responsible for collecting taxes , maintaining municipal properties , and undertaking necessary construction projects ; they also elected provincial governors . " On 4 July 1901 , Taft became governor of a civil administration for the Philippines . This regime , called the Insular Government , administered the country until 1935 . " The Philippine Organic Act of July 1902 stipulated that a Philippine Legislature would be established composed of a lower house , the Philippine Assembly , which would be popularly elected , and an upper house consisting of the Philippine Commission . The two houses would share legislative powers , although the upper house alone would pass laws relating to the Moros and other non - Christian peoples . The act also provided for extending the United States Bill of Rights to Filipinos and sending two Filipino resident commissioners to Washington to attend sessions of the United States Congress . In July 1907 , the first elections for the assembly were held , and the legislature opened its first session on October 16 , 1907 . "
Robert Strahan Robert Strahan ( born 1836 ) was an American sailor who received the Medal of Honor for valor in action during the American Civil War . Biography . Strahan was born 1836 in New Jersey and joined the Navy there . On June 19 , 1864 he was serving as Captain of the Top on the sloop of war when she sank the commerce raider off Cherbourg , France . He was awarded his Medal of Honor for gallantry under fire exhibited while crewing the ship ' s Number 1 gun . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Captain of the Top , U . S . Navy . Birth : New Jersey . G . O . No . : 45 , December 31 , 1864 . Accredited to : New Jersey . Citation : Served as captain of the top on board the U . S . S . Kearsarge when she destroyed the Alabama off Cherbourg , France , 19 June 1864 . Acting as captain of the No . 1 gun , Strahan carried out his duties in the face of heavy enemy fire and exhibited marked coolness and good conduct throughout the engagement . Strahan was highly recommended by his division officer for his gallantry and meritorious achievements .
Sadamu Shimomura Biography . Shimomura was a native of Kōchi Prefecture , and a graduate of the 20th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1908 . His classmates included Prince Asaka , Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko , Prince Kitashirakawa Naruhisa , Mitsuru Ushijima , Heitarō Kimura , Takashi Sakai , and Shōjirō Iida . He subsequently graduated from the 28th class of the Army Staff College in 1916 . After serving in a number of staff and administrative positions within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff , Shimomura was posted to France as a military attaché in 1919 . He returned to the Strategy and Planning bureau of the General Staff in 1921 . He participated as part of the Japanese delegation to the Geneva Naval Conference negotiations from 1928 – 1929 and in 1931 . From 1933 - 1935 he was commander of the IJA 1st Heavy Field Artillery Regiment . In 1935 , Shimomura was assigned to the staff of the Kwantung Army and promoted to major general in 1936 . He returned to the General Staff as Chief of the 4th Bureau from 1936 – 1937 , and of the 1st Bureau from 1937 - 1938 . He was strong proponent of a more aggressive approach towards the Kuomingtang government in the Shanghai area and his recommendations influenced the decision of the Japanese General Staff to authorize the landings of the Japanese Tenth Army at the start of the Battle of Shanghai . Shimomura was promoted to lieutenant general in 1939 . He was Commandant of the Artillery School in 1940 , and given a field command in 1942 in the form of the Japanese Thirteenth Army based in Shanghai and surrounding provinces primarily as a garrison force to deter the possible landings of the Allies of World War II in the lower Yangtze River area of east central China . In March 1944 , Shimomura was withdrawn to the Japanese home islands and became commander of the Western District Army , another force intended to defend against Allied landings . However , in November 1944 , he returned to China as commander of the North China Area Army . In 1945 , Shimomura was promoted to full general , and on 23 August ( after the surrender of Japan ) , was appointed final Army Minister under the Higashikuni cabinet . One of the reasons for his selection was that he had never been involved in hostilities against the United States at any point in his military career . Shimomura was also concurrently the final Inspector - General for Military Training . His primary task was to oversee the demobilization of the Imperial Japanese Army . As with all other members of the former Japanese government , Shimomura was briefly taken into custody by the American occupation authorities from 1946 – 1947 , but was released without trial . In June 1959 , he was elected to the House of Councilors in the post - war Diet of Japan for a single term with the support of the Liberal - Democratic Party . Shimomura died in a traffic accident on 25 March 1968 .
Hanns - Horst von Necker Hanns - Horst von Necker ( 28 August 1903 – 27 February 1979 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Luftwaffe during World War II who commanded the Fallschirm - Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hanns - Horst von Necker was captured in 1945 by British troops and was held until 1947 .
Battle of Laredo The Battle of Laredo was fought during the American Civil War . Laredo , Texas was a main route to export cotton to Mexico on behalf of the Confederate States . On March 18 , 1864 , Major Alfred Holt led a Union force of about 200 men from Brownsville , Texas , to destroy 5 , 000 bales of cotton stacked at the San Agustín Plaza . Colonel Santos Benavides commanded 42 Confederate soldiers and repelled three Union attacks at Zacate Creek . Colonel Santos Benavides secured passage of the 5 , 000 cotton bales into Mexico .
Warship Support Agency The Warship Support Agency ( WSA ) was a non - executive agency within the Defence Logistics Organisation ( DLO ) of the UK Ministry of Defence . It was created on 1 April 2001 from the amalgamation of the " Naval Bases and Supply Agency " and the " Ship Support Agency " and had its headquarters initially in Bath , England , but later moved to the MoD Abbey Wood site in Bristol . As well as project teams the WSA operated the three naval bases in Portsmouth , Plymouth and on the Clyde . The WSA was disbanded in 2005 as part of a major restructuring exercise and became part of the Defence Logistics Organisation . See also . Defence Logistics Organisation
Sakaibe no Marise Sakaibe no Marise ( 境部 摩理勢 ) ( died 628 ) was a court aristocrat of the Asuka period of Japanese history , and member of the Soga clan . When Empress Suiko died in 628 , Marise sought to place Prince Yamashiro , the son of Prince Shōtoku , on the Imperial throne . However , his nephew Soga no Emishi , a government minister , opposed him and ordered Marise killed , ensuring that his choice , Prince Tamura , would succeed Suiko . Marise was a son of Soga no Iname , and brother to Soga no Umako .
USS Pasig ( AO - 89 ) USS " Pasig " ( AO - 89 ) was a fleet replenishment oiler in the service of the United States Navy . The lone ship in her class , she was the first of only two U . S . Naval vessels to be named for the Pasig River which flows through Manila on the Philippine Island of Luzon . Service history . Originally built in 1917 by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company of Newport News , Virginia , she served the Atlantic Refining Company of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania as SS " J . C . Donnell " . Acquired by the US Navy through the War Shipping Administration on 22 January 1943 , and commissioned the same day , as USS " Pasig " ( AO – 89 ) . " Pasig " was intended for use as a storage tank in the South Pacific near New Caledonia , but was replaced by concrete barges . She decommissioned and was delivered to WSA on 25 September 1943 , and was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 October 1943 . Returned to her owner , " Pasig " reverted to her original name and served as SS " J . C . Donnell " until scrapped in 1947 .
Benjamin R . Cowen Benjamin Rush Cowen ( August 15 , 1831 – January 29 , 1908 ) was Union Army general during the American Civil War and a Republican politician who was Ohio Secretary of State . Benjamin Rush Cowen was born in Moorefield Township , Harrison County , Ohio . His father , Benjamin S . Cowen was later elected to Congress . He grew up in St . Clairsville , Belmont County , Ohio , where he attended a classical institute , and served an apprenticeship in printing at the Belmont Chronicle , where he became owner and editor at age 17 . He completed studies in medicine , but never practiced . On September 19 , 1854 , Cowen was married to Ellen Thoburn of Belmont County . She had eight children , three of whom survived him . In 1856 , as an alternate , he attended the National Convention of the Republican Party in Philadelphia , which Nominated Fremont for the Presidency . He sold the Chronicle in 1858 and was in real estate in Bellaire . In the 54th General Assembly , he was Chief Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives , and served during the 1860 and adjourned 1861 session . In October , 1861 he was elected Ohio Secretary of State , but resigned for War duties in May , 1862 . Civil War . Whitelaw Reid in " Ohio in the War " had this to say of Cowen ' s service : Although Cowen ' s brevet brigadier general appointment ranked from the omnibus date of March 13 , 1865 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Cowen for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers on January 13 , 1866 , and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12 , 1866 . Post war . In 1867 , Cowen was a candidate for Governor at the Republican State Convention , but lost out to General Hayes . He was offered nomination as lieutenant - governor , but declined . In 1868 , he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention . In 1869 he was appointed supervisor of revenue for California , Nevada , Utah , and Arizona , and transferred the following year to the southern district of Ohio . From 1871 to 1876 he was assistant secretary of the interior under President Grant . Grant gave Cowen a number of special assignments , and he is credited with helping to establish Yellowstone National Park . From 1877 to 1882 Cowen engaged in business in Bellaire and Cincinnati . From 1882 to 1884 he was editor of the " Ohio State Journal " in Columbus . From 1884 to his death he was Clerk of the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of Ohio , and lived in Cincinnati . Cowen became a member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati , and was a frequent public speaker on matters historical an patriotic . He died at Cincinnati January 29 , 1908 . He was buried at Greenwood Cemetery , Bellaire .
Fort Ter - Waw Fort Ter - Waw , a former U . S . Army fort , located six miles from the mouth of the Klamath River , and to the east of the present town of Klamath , California , Klamath on SR 169 . It was a United States military post that was established in what was then Klamath County , October 12 , 1857 by First Lieutenant George Crook and the men of Company D , U . S . 4th Infantry Regiment to keep peace between the Tolowa Indians and whites . The fort was part of the Humboldt Military District headquartered at Fort Humboldt . Most of the fort was destroyed during the Great Flood of 1862 in December 1861 , and abandoned June 10 , 1862 . The garrison was moved to Camp Lincoln . The site is now in Del Norte County and is marked by a California Historical Landmark ( # 544 ) . Its location can be found , from Hwy 101 taking Ter - Wer Valley exit ( Hwy 169 ) , going 3 . 4 mi to the end of the road , turn right on Ter - Wer Riffle Road . Site at intersection of Ter - Wer Riffle and Klamath Glen Roads , in Klamath .
Musketoon The musketoon is a shorter barrelled version of the musket , and served in the roles of a shotgun or carbine . Musketoons could be of the same caliber as the issue musket , or of a much larger caliber , 1 . 0 - 2 . 5 inches ( 25 – 63 mm ) . The musketoon is most commonly associated with naval use , and pirates in particular , though they also served in a carbine role with cavalry . Musketoon barrels were often flared at the muzzle , resembling a cannon or blunderbuss . Description . Musketoons had a brass or iron barrel , and used a wheellock , flintlock or caplock mechanism firing mechanism , like the typical musket of the period . They were fired from the shoulder like the musket , but the shorter length ( barrels were as short as a foot ( 30 cm ) long ) made them easier to handle in restricted conditions , such as mounted cavalry and naval boarding parties . Smaller bore musketoons matched the caliber of the muskets in service , and were generally used the same way , with single musket ball or a buck and ball load , while large bore musketoons were loaded with multiple buckshot or pistol balls ( generally smaller in diameter than musket balls ) and used as shotguns . It is this type of loading that is most associated with naval use . Their resemblance to earlier weapons like the blunderbuss has led to their misidentification in both scholarly and popular media . Service . Musketoons saw service with the US Army on land as the short length musket - caliber Springfield Model 1847 Musketoon . The weapons were issued to antebellum dragoon s between the Mexican - American War and the American Civil War . Their adoption at that time was not due to the lack of more advanced firearms but due in part to ammunition discipline needed while using a muzzle loading weapon . The Model 1847 musketoon ' s inadequacies were largely responsible for Steptoe ' s loss at the Battle of Pine Creek ( along with other poor equipment selections ) . The shortcomings of the Springfield Model 1847 were also responsible for the entrapment of Captain Andrew Jackson Smith ' s forces near Big Meadows . His command survived the encounter due to the intervention of another column of U . S . infantry under the command of Captain Christopher C . Augur .
Treaty of Reichenbach ( 1790 ) The Treaty of Reichenbach was signed on July 27 , 1790 in Reichenbach ( present - day Dzierżoniów ) between Frederick William II of Prussia and Austria under Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II . The two countries tried to settle their differences , specifically Leopold attempted to be conciliatory toward Prussia , as Austria and Russia had recently made gains against the Ottoman Empire . Terms . Based on the terms of the treaty , Austria agreed to restore all conquered territories to the Ottoman Empire . Moreover , Austria agreed to grant the Belgians both amnesty and their old constitution . The Prussian statesman , Count Ewald Friedrich of Hertzberg , managed to insert a clause whereby Austria would be able to make small acquisitions of Ottoman territory . However , Austria must first receive permission from the Sublime Porte and must also allow Prussia to acquire an equivalent amount of Ottoman territory . Even though Austria had to relinquish its conquered territories to the Ottoman Empire , it was allowed to retain its garrison in Chotin . Moreover , the accord guaranteed protection of the Bosnian frontier . In return for these concessions , Prussia made herself responsible for several stipulated compensations . In another aspect of the treaty , Austria was not allowed to overtly or covertly support Russia in its campaigns against the Sublime Porte . Results . Due to Leopold ' s diplomatic skill and sense of moderation , Austria attained a diplomatic victory through the treaty . In other words , the Treaty of Reichenbach helped to strengthen the level of respect Leopold received from foreign powers . Moreover , the accord helped Austria to focus on establishing peace within its own territories . Prussia , on the other hand , was forced to abandon its plans for expansion , as well as any attempts to acquire strategic benefits from Austria ' s losses . The Treaty of Reichenbach is seen by historians as a significant marker representing a Prussian retreat from the policies of Frederick the Great , as well as the beginning of Prussia ' s decline that found its nadir at the Battle of Jena .
Grigorovich M - 15 Grigorovich M - 15 ( alternative designation ShCh M - 15 ( ) , sometimes also Shchetinin M - 15 ) was a successful Russia n World War I - era biplane flying boat , developed from the M - 9 by Grigorovich . The M - 15 was a smaller version of the M - 9 intended to replace the latter , however it was only built in small numbers due to shortage of the more powerful Hispano - Suiza engines . After the summer of 1917 it was mostly used as a trainer . Two M - 15s fell into Finnish hands during the Russian Civil War , having been left at Åland and Turku . The Russian officer J . Herbert flew the Åland aircraft to mainland Finland and was awarded an officer ' s title in the Finnish Air Force . Only the Åland aircraft was in flyworthy condition . The aircraft was flown until 1919 . Sources . Heinonen , Timo : " Thulinista Hornetiin - Keski - Suomen ilmailumuseon julkaisuja 3 " , Keski - Suomen ilmailumuseo , 1992 , ISBN 951 - 95688 - 2 - 4