naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fort Johnston ( Leesburg , Virginia ) Fort Johnston , also known as Fort Geary , is a Civil War era earthen fort atop a peak of Catoctin Mountain just west of Leesburg , Virginia . Constructed in the winter of 1861 - 62 following the Battle of Balls Bluff , it is one of three forts constructed to defend the town from the threat of possible invasion . The fort was built in the design of a four point star with arm of each point measuring roughly in length . The fort was only sporadically occupied by Confederates , as the main threat of invasion came from the east across the Potomac . In 1862 when Loudoun County was invaded by the Union army , the fort was abandoned and later occupied by the Federals who rechristened it Fort Geary in honor of their commander . Throughout the war Leesburg was rarely held in force by either side of the conflict and the fort saw little use . Today part of the earthworks of the fort still exist , and are located on private property on Fort Johnston Road .
USS Commodore ( IX - 7 ) USS " Commodore " ( IX - 7 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for that naval rank . She was built in 1875 at Cleveland , Ohio , purchased by the United States Navy at Chicago , Illinois , on 1 September 1918 , and stationed at Chicago under command of Captain E . A . Evers , USNRF . Until 30 April 1919 she served as a receiving ship and thereafter as a Naval Reserve Armory . No longer required for this duty following completion of the new Chicago Naval Reserve Armory in 1930 , Commodore was decommissioned on 10 March 1930 . Her hulk was dismantled and demolished by Naval Reservists by January 1931 .
2nd Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry ( Colored ) The 2nd Kansas Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( Colored ) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 2nd Kansas Infantry ( Colored ) was organized at Fort Scott , Kansas and mustered in for three years . It mustered in by individual companies beginning in August 1863 at Fort Scott and completed muster - in at Fort Smith , Arkansas on November 1 , 1863 under the command of Colonel Samuel Johnson Crawford . The regiment was attached to District of the Frontier , Department of Missouri , to January 1864 . Unattached , District of the Frontier , VII Corps , Department of Arkansas , to March 1864 . 2nd Brigade , District of the Frontier , VII Corps , to December 1864 . The 2nd Kansas Infantry ( Colored ) was redesignated as the 83rd U . S . Colored Troops ( U . S . C . T . ) on December 13 , 1864 . Detailed service . Action at Baxter Springs , Arkansas , October 6 , 1863 ( Company A ) . Moved from Fort Scott , Kansas , to Fort Smith , Arkansas , October 19 , 1863 , as escort to train . Duty at Fort Smith until March 1864 . Steele ' s Expedition to Camden March 23 - April 30 . Prairie D ' Ann April 9 – 13 . Jenkins ' Ferry April 30 , and May 4 and 8 . Return to Fort Smith and duty there until December . Casualties . The regiment lost at least 71 men during service ; 1 officer and 70 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded . ( These numbers are incomplete because the regiment ' s records were lost after the action at Jenkins ' Ferry . )
USS Devilfish ( SS - 292 ) USS " Devilfish " ( SS / AGSS - 292 ) , a " Balao " - class submarine , was a ship of the United States Navy named for the devil fish , any of several gigantic , viviparous rays found in warm seas , the octopus or other large cephalopod s . " Devilfish " was launched on 30 May 1943 by Cramp Shipbuilding Co . , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ; sponsored by Mrs . F . W . Fenno , Jr . ; and commissioned on 1 September 1944 , Commander Edward Clark Stephen in command . Service history . " Devilfish " aided the training program of the Fleet Sonar School at Key West from 18 October - 2 November 1944 . She reached Pearl Harbor on 2 December . On the last day of the year , she sailed on her first war patrol , putting into Saipan to refuel from 12 – 15 January 1945 . " Devilfish " patrolled the dangerous waters of Kii Suido and Bungo Suido off the island of Shikoku , and served as lifeguard for Army pilots making bombing raids on Japan . She refitted at Guam from 13 February - 15 March , called at Saipan , and sailed on 16 March for her second war patrol . Assigned to the area between Sagami Wan and the northern Nanpō Islands , " Devilfish " was attacked by a " kamikaze " plane on 20 March before she entered her patrol area . The plane crashed into her as the submarine was submerging , destroying the mast structure and causing serious leakage . " Devilfish " returned to Saipan and Pearl Harbor for repairs , departing Pearl Harbor on 20 May on her third patrol . She sought targets in Bungo Suido and off northern Honshū , and on 16 June , in heavy seas , attacked an enemy submarine carrying a midget submarine on its deck . On 26 June , she attacked an escort ship , but in both cases the targets escaped . During this patrol she acted as lifeguard for strikes accompanying the Okinawa operation , and several times rendezvoused with other submarines to take off medical cases and previously rescued aviators . " The USS Devilfish " pulled in to Guam to refit from 7 July - 2 August , then sailed to the Nanpō Islands for her fourth war patrol , during which her primary mission was lifeguard duty for the 3rd Fleet raids on Japan . On 10 August , she bombarded Tori Shima , and on 16 August , after the end of hostilities , departed for Midway and San Francisco . There she was placed in commission in reserve on 18 April 1946 , and out of commission in reserve on 30 September 1946 . Laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet , " Devilfish " was redesignated AGSS - 292 . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 March 1967 . " Devilfish " was sunk by the submarine USS " Wahoo " ( SS - 565 ) off San Francisco , California on 14 August 1968 , as part of a MK 16 MOD 8 torpedo test at in 2000 fathoms ( 12 , 000 feet or 3 , 700 meters ) of water . Awards . " Devilfish " received three battle star s for her World War II service ; her second war patrol was designated as " successful " .
Hugh Rowlands General Sir Hugh Rowlands VC , KCB ( 6 May 1828 – 1 August 1909 ) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Hugh Rowlands was the second son of minor Welsh landowner John Rowlands and his wife Elizabeth ( née Hartwell ) of Plas Tirion , Llanrug , and claimed descent from Bleddyn ap Cynfyn , Prince of Powys , and Dafydd ap Llywelyn , Prince of Gwynedd . He was educated at Beaumaris Grammar School and Mr John Taylor ' s Cramming Academy , Woolwich . Rowlands was 26 years old , and a captain in the 41st ( Welsh ) Regiment of Foot , British Army during the Crimean War . He first saw action at the battle of the Alma in September 1856 and was present at Little Inkerman the following month . On 5 November 1854 in the Crimea at Inkerman , Captain Rowlands and Private John McDermond rescued Colonel Hayly of the 47th Regiment who had been wounded and surrounded by Russian soldiers . He also acted with great gallantry in holding the ground occupied by his advanced picquet against the enemy at the commencement of the Battle of Inkerman . For this action he became the first Welshman to be awarded the Victoria Cross . He further distinguished himself during the siege of Sevastopol and was nominated for a Victoria Cross in recognition of his action during the second assault on the Redan in September 1855 . After service in the West Indies and India he was a Special Service officer in South Africa in 1878 and 1879 . He was appointed Commandant of the Transvaal in 1878 and led an unsuccessful assault on the Pedi stronghold of Chief Sekukuni . He served as a brigadier - general during the later stages of the Zulu War . His latter years of service were spent in India where he commanded the Bangalore Division of the Madras Army and , on two occasions , took temporary command if the Madras Army . Returning to Britain he was appointed Lieutenant of the Tower of London and GOC the North British District . Further information . He later achieved the rank of General . He was born and died in Llanrug . His VC is on display at the The Welch Regiment Museum in Cardiff Castle in Wales . He served as a deputy lieutenant of Caernarfonshire and was a justice of the peace in Caernarfonshire and in the Transvaal . His only son , Major Hugh Barrow Rowlands , Suffolk Regiment and King ' s African Rifles , died of wounds in Somaliland in 1903 .
Battle of the Rishki Pass The Battle of the Rishki Pass ( ) took place in the pass of the same name , in Stara Planina , Bulgaria in 759 . It was fought between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire . The result was a Bulgarian victory . Origins of the conflict . Between 755 and 775 , the Byzantine emperor Constantine V organised nine campaigns to eliminate Bulgaria and although he managed to defeat the Bulgarians several times , he never achieved his goal . The battle . In 759 , the emperor led an enormous army towards Bulgaria but Khan Vinekh had enough time to bar several mountain passes . When the Byzantines reached the Rishki Pass they were ambushed and completely defeated . The Byzantine historian Theophanes the Confessor wrote that the Bulgarians killed the " strategos " of Thrace Leo , the commander of Drama and many soldiers . Aftermath . Khan Vinekh did not take the favourable opportunity to advance on enemy territory and sued for peace . This act was very unpopular among the nobles and the Khan was murdered in 761 .
Wana Brigade The Wana Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in September 1939 , for service on the North West Frontier . It was normal practice for newly formed battalions to be posted to the North West Frontier for service before being sent to Africa , Burma or Italy . Formation . These units served in the brigade during World War II
Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares The Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares ( VAR Palmares , ) was a far left guerrilla organization in Brazil , which fought against the military dictatorship installed after the 1964 coup d ' état in the country . The organization was named after Palmares , a legendary quilombo destroyed by Portuguese artillery in 1694 . It was created in July 1969 , as a result of the merger between Comando de Libertação Nacional ( Colina ) and Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária ( VPR , ) , led by anti - dictatorship Army Captain Carlos Lamarca . As historian and former MR - 8 militant Daniel Aarão Reis Filho declared to journalist Elio Gaspari , " as part of the radicalization process initiated on 1961 , the project of the leftist organizations that supported the armed struggle was revolutionary , abusive and dictatorial ( . . . ) There is not even one document of those organizations in which they present themselves as a tool of democratic resistance " . The organization carried out acts of robbery , and theft . The best known of them is the expropriation of the mythical " Adhemar de Barros ' safe box " , which contained over 2 . 8 million US $ in cash , equivalent to 16 . 2 million dollars in 2007 . The safe was in the residence of Anna Gimel Benchimol Capriglione , secretary and mistress of the former governor of São Paulo , which was popularly known by his catchphrase " he steals , but he does it " . The militants assumed that the money kept in the safe would be the product of corruption . Carlos Minc was one of the members of VAR Palmares which participated in the robbery . Dilma Rousseff was also a member , but she claims not to have taken part in the group ' s most famous transgression . While some versions state that Dilma organized the whole operation , Minc and other members of the group ensures that she had no major role in the VAR Palmares . On September 1969 , one of its splinter groups recriated the VPR and another faction created the DVP , later renamed Unit Group . Also in 1969 , VAR Palmares members planned the kidnapping of Finance Minister Antônio Delfim Netto , planner of the " Brazilian economic miracle " and the most powerful civilian in the regime at that time . The alleged kidnapping was to occur in December of that year , but it was not accomplished because most VAR Palmares members were captured and jailed just weeks before . VAR Palmares was dismantled in 1971 due to strong repression from the military . Two of its main leaders were imprisoned and murdered by the regime : Carlos Alberto Soares de Freitas , one of Colina ' s founders , and Joaquim da Mariano Silva , a veteran member of the Peasant Leagues , which " disappeared " in the DOI - CODI jail in Rio de Janeiro .
5th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry The 5th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry was one of four regiments formed by Governor Charles Olden upon requisition of President Abraham Lincoln on July 24 , 1861 . The regiment departed for Washington , DC on August 24 , 1861 and camped at Meridian Hill . History . The regiment was ordered to Budd ' s Ferry in Charles County , Maryland , where they would join Brigadier General Joseph Hooker ' s Third Brigade and fall under the immediate command of Colonel Samuel H . Starr . The regiment would soon become part of the New Jersey Second Brigade and be commanded by Colonel William J . Sewell . ,
Zhang Liang ( Yellow Turban ) Zhang Liang ( died 184 ) was a Yellow Turban rebel leader during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . He was a younger brother of Zhang Jiao and Zhang Bao , the other two key leaders of the rebellion . He was said to be an able general . It is said that Zhang Liang is the grandson of Zhang Daoling . In Luo Guanzhong ' s historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , it is said that he went to the altar , and caused a rock attack against imperial forces . Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao split the army of Zhang Jiao after his death . He fought seven successive battles against imperial forces but was repelled each time and fled back to Quyang . On the seventh retreat he was captured by general Huangfu Song and killed . Zhang Bao would soon suffer a similar fate at the hands of his own men and the Yellow Turbans would quickly degenerate into nothing more than scattered bandit forces led by leaders such as He Yi and Zhang Yan . By 205 the movement ceased most of its military activities .
Toy army of Peter the Great The toy army of Peter I ( , literally " amusement forces " or " fun forces " ) was initially called " Petrovskiy polk " , Peter ' s regiment ( ) and was a collection of young Peter ' s playmates , noblemens ' sons and attendants of his father Aleksei ' s court . In 1682 , when Peter with his mother , Natalia Naryshkina , relocated to the royal lodge in Preobrazhenskoye , he gradually formed a miniature army , ostensibly to school himself in the modern art of war . Besides fellow children , the servants and retainers were being enlisted , with 25 - year - old Sergei Bukhvostov recorded in 1683 as the ' first Russian soldier ' . Initially , the " play soldiers " were organized as a 100 men strong Company of Bombardiers . The boys played war , and as they grew , their games became more complex and realistic . Professional military advice was sought , and foreign officers were hired as instructors , eventually becoming part of the permanent officer corps of the " Poteshnyi " . By 1685 the " Poteshnyi " numbered 300 and were quartered in specially built barracks near Preobrazhenskoye and as their numbers increased , a second similarly sized group was barracked in neighboring village , Semenovskoe . With further drafts of Streltsy volunteers , the " Poteshnyi " were organized into the Preobrazhensky and the Semenovsky companies in 1687 . At this stage both companies included artillery and cavalry components . During the 1689 coup attempt by regent Sophia Alekseyevna , the " Poteshnyi " had been part of the units supporting young Peter , among with most of the Streltsy , and leading members of Russian nobility . The companies were being expanded and on 25 April 1695 officially became Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky Regiment s of the Guard . These regiments became the beginnings of the Russian Imperial Guard . As Peter matured , the regiments did as well , and Peter participated fully in the army , joining its ranks as a bombardier , and rising up to colonel and head of the regiments .
Malgré - nous The term Malgré - nous ( ) refers to men of the Alsace - Moselle region who were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht or in the Waffen - SS , during the Second World War . Based on orders from Robert Heinrich Wagner , the regional governor of Alsace , of August 25 , 1942 , some 100 , 000 Alsatians and 30 , 000 Mosellans were drafted into the German armed forces . Most of those answering the call served in the army and were sent to the Eastern Front . A smaller number served in the Waffen - SS . Many of these men , especially those who did not answer the call immediately , were pressured to " volunteer " for service with the SS , often by direct threats on their families . Many Malgré - nous deserted the Wehrmacht in order to join the French Resistance or escape to Switzerland , thereby running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camp s by the Germans . This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army . After the war , they were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists . In July 1944 , 1500 malgré - nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers , where they joined the Free French Forces . Thirteen malgré - nous were involved in the massacre of Oradour - sur - Glane together with one genuine volunteer from Alsace . In a trial in Bordeaux in 1953 they were sentenced to prison terms between 5 – 11 years , while the volunteer was sentenced to death . The trial caused major civil unrest in Alsace , as most of the malgré - nous had been forced to serve in the Waffen - SS , resulting in a general amnesty by the French National Assembly on 19 February 1953 . Of the 130 , 000 malgré - nous , some 32 , 000 were killed in action and 10 , 500 are still missing in action ( and presumed dead ) . Between 5 , 000 and 10 , 000 prisoners - of - war died in captivity , most at the Soviet camp at Tambov . The last POWs were released in 1955 . Forty thousand were left as invalids .
Roy Orestus Hale , Jr . Roy Orestus Hale , Jr . , born on 10 May 1916 in Monroe , Louisiana , graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy and was commissioned ensign on 2 June 1938 . Navy career . After a year at sea , " Hale " underwent aviation training at Pensacola , Florida , Miami , Florida , and San Diego , California , and on 21 June 1941 , joined Scouting Squadron 2 on board . Promoted to lieutenant ( junior grade ) in October , he remained on board that carrier after the United States entered World War II . Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross . He participated in the Pacific raids of February and March 1942 and flew his scout plane in the Battle of the Coral Sea , 7 – 8 May . Failing to return from that mission , " Hale " was presumed killed in action and was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for extraordinary achievement in aerial combat and his " . . . courageous determination and aggressiveness . . . attacking enemy aircraft in spite of fierce fighter opposition . " Namesake . USS Roy O . Hale ( DE - 336 ) was named in his honor . The ship was laid down on 13 September 1943 by the Consolidated Steel Corp . , Orange , Texas ; launched 20 November 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Roy O . Hale , mother of Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Hale ; and commissioned on 3 February 1944 , Lt . Comdr . William W . Bowie , USNR , in command .
Sancho IV of Castile Sancho IV the Brave ( 12 May 1258 – 25 April 1295 ) was the King of Castile , León and Galicia from 1284 to his death . He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda , daughter of James I of Aragon . Biography . His elder brother , Ferdinand de la Cerda , died in November 1275 , and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand ' s son Alfonso , then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284 . This was all against the wishes of their father , but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless . Sancho ' s ascension was in part due to his rejection of his father ' s elitist politics . Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities , but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda . One of the leaders of the opposition was his brother John , who united to his cause the lord of Biscay , Lope Díaz III de Haro . Sancho responded by executing the Lord of Biscay and incarcerating his brother . According to the chroniclers , he cemented his hold on power by executing 4 , 000 other followers of Infante Alfonso , son of Ferdinand de la Cerda , in Badajoz . He executed 400 more in Talavera and more in Ávila and Toledo . Upon dispensing with this opposition , Sancho pardoned his brother , who was released . John bided his time before fomenting revolt again : the conflict over Tarifa . He called in the aid of the Marinid s in Morocco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle ( 1291 ) . At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism , the innocent death of the son of Guzmán . Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to Magreb . The intent of both John and the Sultan of Marinids ( to invade ) was foiled . When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon , he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista . Indeed , both of James ' predecessors had tried to do likewise . Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel , Lord of Villena . Just before succumbing to a fatal illness , he appointed his queen , María de Molina , to act as regent for his nine year - old son , Ferdinand IV . He died in 1295 in Toledo . Family . Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 and they had the following children : He had three illegitimate children before his marriage . by an unknown woman : by " Doña " María Alfonso Téllez de Menezes ( d . Toro ) , wife of Juan García , señor de Usero : by María Pérez :
Robert Brownrigg General Sir Robert Brownrigg , 1st Baronet GCB ( 1759 – 27 April 1833 ) was a British statesman and soldier . Military career . Brownrigg was commissioned as an ensign in 1775 . After service with the 9th Foot , he was appointed Military Secretary to the Duke of York in 1795 , and accompanied him to The Helder in Holland in 1799 . In 1803 he was appointed Quartermaster - General to the Forces . In July 1809 , he joined the expedition to the Schelt . He left his post as Quartermaster - General to the Forces in 1811 , and then , in 1813 , he was appointed Governor of Ceylon . In 1815 , he conquered the Kingdom of Kandy , in the interior of the island , and annexed it to the British crown . In recognition of his conquest , Brownrigg was created a baronet in 1816 . There was a major rebellion in October 1818 but Brownrigg also managed to put this down . He attained the rank of full General in 1819 and left Ceylon the following year . He died near Monmouth in 1833 . Family . In 1789 Brownrigg married Elizabeth Catharine Lewis and together they went on to have six sons and a daughter . Then in 1810 he married Sophia Bissett . References .
Fukuyama Castle ' , sometimes called ' or was the castle of the Bingo - Fukuyama Han during the Edo period of Japanese history . The castle is located in Fukuyama Park in Fukuyama , Hiroshima near Fukuyama Station . Overview . The castle was built on a hill on the Fukuyama plain and it was the capital of Bingo Fukuyama Han . Construction was started in 1619 during the Genna era . There were double moat s around the castle and an inlet led to the Seto Inland Sea . Most buildings of the castle was destroyed during World War II . Most of the dry stone was later removed , and Fukuyama Station was built very near where the castle stood . The main tower was rebuilt in 1966 .