naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tabor ( Morocco ) See Goum for a detailed history of these Moroccan auxiliary units employed by the French colonial authorities from 1908 to 1956 . A tabor was a formation of three or four goum s . A goum in this case is the Moroccan equivalent to a Company ( military unit ) and a tabor would thereby be equivalent to a Battalion . Larger groups of tabors , equivalent to regiments or brigades , were also employed . While the use of goums as tribal irregulars goes back to the beginning of the 20th century , additional tabors were created by the French during World War II as a display of power because the Germans , after having overrun France , limited the size of their military forces . One way of getting around these restrictions was the creation of auxiliary colonial forces ( i . e . " tabors " ) nominally for internal security duties . These Moroccan units would later go on to fight in North Africa once Operation TORCH began and in the fight for Sicily ( Operation HUSKY ) and Mainland Italy , notably at the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino . The 4th Tabor of Goums were used in the Fight for Troina in central Sicily .
Walt Langendorfer Walt Langendorfer from Rhino International Inc , was an American inventor . He designed a gas piston system in an effort to convert the AR - 15 ( M16 ) rifle to a more reliable operating system than the standard direct impingement system . More recently , the US Asymmetric Warfare Group purchased the Gas - Operated HK 416 , a M4 / M16 type rifle made by Heckler & Koch using the short stroke gas piston system after intensive tests demonstrating the superiority of this system in adverse conditions ( dust , sand , intensive use without maintenance ) Many new gas piston systems are being proposed by US companies . All of them can be traced back to the Armalite AR18 , which was already a competitor of the AR15 and used such a system in the 50 ' s .
USS Tamaqua ( YTB - 797 ) USS " Tamaqua " ( YTB - 797 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Tamaqua , Pennsylvania . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Tamaqua " was awarded 15 June 1967 . She was laid down down on 16 January 1968 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 14 August 1968 . Operational history . " Tamaqua " was assigned to the Pacific Fleet and has served at Naval Station Subic Bay throughout her career . Stricken from the Navy List 25 May 2005 , she was scrapped 18 October 2005 .
Theodor Endres Theodor Endres ( 25 September 1876 – 18 January 1956 ) was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Theodor Endres retired from active service on 31 January 1943 .
90th Air Division The 90th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with First Air Force , based at Niagara Falls Airport , New York . It was inactivated on 27 June 1949 . History . The 90th Air Division was primarily a World War II Photo - Reconnaissance command and control organization , assigned to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) . The 90th ' s subordinate units reconnoitered airdromes , roads , marshalling yards , and harbors in Italy after the Allied landings at Salerno in September 1943 . They also flew missions to Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Czechoslovakia , Poland , and the Balkans . In addition , these units flew some photographic missions at night using specially equipped B - 17 and B - 25 aircraft . In January 1944 , they covered the Anzio area and continued to support the Fifth Army in its drive through Italy by determining troop movements , gun positions , and terrain . The 90th ' s units last flew reconnaissance missions in connection with the invasion of southern France in August 1944 . After transfer of its tactical groups on 1 October 1944 , the wing aided in establishing a photo library for use in the European and Mediterranean theaters of operation . Activated in the Reserves at Niagara Falls , New York , from December 1946 to June 1949 ; in April 1948 it was redesignated as a division . Aircraft . F - 4 Lightning ( photo - recon ) , 1943 – 1944 ; F - 5 Lightning ( photo - recon ) , 1943 – 1944 ; B - 17 Flying Fortress , 1944 ; B - 25 Mitchell , 1944 ; F - 8 Mosquito ( photo - recon ) , 1944 .
504th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Group The 504th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Group is an active United States Air Force unit . It was first activated in 1966 for service during the Vietnam War , and was reactivated in 2009 for service in Afghanistan . In Vietnam the group provided combat ready aircraft and crews in support of air and ground operations in Southeast Asia ( SEA ) ; conducted visual reconnaissance and convoy escort ; trained Air Liaison Officers ( ALO ) and Forward Air Controllers ( FAC ) , 1966 – 1972 . On reactivation in 2009 it began to provide air support , air liaison , and weather support for ground operations , 30 Mar 2009 to present . From 2009 in Afghanistan the three squadrons of the group performed separate roles : History . Decorations . Presidential Unit Citations : 1 Aug 1968 – 31 Aug 1969 ; 1 Jan – 31 Dec 1970 ; 30 Jan – 31 Dec 1971 . Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Crosses with Palm : 8 Dec 1966 – 15 Mar 1972 ; 8 Feb – 31 Mar 1971 ; 1 Apr 1971 – 9 Mar 1972 .
Urdu Bazar Revolt After the death of Shahrukh Mirza , Goharshad allowed Abdal - Latif Mirza to be the commander of his army despite reservations of the Tarkhan s as well as the reservations of Baysonqor Mirza ' s sons , especially Abul - Qasim Babur Mirza who was present there at the camp . Goharshad wanted to please Ulugh Beg but at the same time encouraged the Baysonqor brothers to rebel . She contacted Ala - ud - Daulah Mirza at Herat conveying her sentiments . Therefore , Abul - Qasim Babur Mirza along with Khalil Sultan , son of Muhammad Jahangir & a daughter of Shahrukh Mirza along with their troops raided the Urdu Bazar or Camp Market and went of towards Ala - ud - Daulah Mirza at Herat . As soon as Abdal - Latif Mirza got his army in order after several executions he marched towards Damghan and on his way imprisoned Goharshad his grandmother and the Tarkhan s .
Château de Larressingle The Château de Larressingle is a ruined castle in the " commune " of Larressingle in the Gers " département " of France . The castle was built in the second half of the 13th century . The second and third floors were added by Arnaud Orthon de Lomagne , Bishop of Condom , between 1285 and 1305 . Windows were added at various times in the 15th and 16th centuries , particularly between 1521 and 1545 when extra works were carried out for Monseigneur de Grossolles , including the construction of a hexagonal tower . The ruins have been listed since 1922 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
Coast Guard command enlisted identification badge The Coast Guard command enlisted identification badge is a temporary decoration which is awarded to those Coast Guard petty officer s who serve as the senior enlisted advisor to a Coast Guard command when there are no chief petty officer s present . Upon completion of duties as the senior enlisted advisor , the command enlisted identification badge is surrendered and is not considered a permanent award . The command enlisted identification badge is worn on the lower left uniform pocket and is very similar to the CPO command identification badge , upon which the decoration is based .
Fort Brockhurst Fort Brockhurst is one of the Palmerston Forts , in Gosport , England . It is now an English Heritage property . Fort Brockhurst was designed by William Crossman in the 19th century to protect Portsmouth . With its formidable firepower , its main purpose was to guard the approach from potential landing areas on the south Hampshire coast . Although modern life has encroached on the fort , its fabric remains largely unaltered and the parade ground , gun ramps and moated keep can all be viewed . Constructional details of the casemates are able to be seen due to unrepaired second world war bomb damage at the North - East corner . The site is occasionally open to the public , under the auspices of English Heritage . Fort Rowner to the South - West is in a similar state of preservation , but is inside HMS Sultan naval base and it is only opened to the public once a year under the banner of " Heritage Open Week " .
HMS Assurance ( 1646 ) HMS " Assurance " was a 32 - gun fourth rate frigate of the English Royal Navy , built by Peter Pett I at Deptford Dockyard and launched in 1646 . The term ' frigate ' during the period of this ship referred to a method of construction , rather than a role which did not develop until the following century . Samuel Pepys states in his diary that " Assurance " sank near Woolwich during a storm in December of 1660 , with the loss of twenty men . He visited the site a few days later . The ship was subsequently refloated by 17 December . In August 1666 , " Assurance " participated in the raid on a large Dutch merchant fleet in the Vlie estuary that became known as Holmes ' s Bonfire . By 1667 , " Assurance ' s " armament had been increased to 40 guns . " Assurance " was sold out of the navy in 1698 .
James R . Helmly James R . " Ron " Helmly is a Lieutenant General in the United States Army , and , until May 2006 , was the commander of the United States Army Reserve . He was born in Savannah , Georgia . On December 20 , 2004 , Helmly authored a memo in which he described the policies for mobilizing the Reserve " dysfunctional . " He reportedly believes that members of the Army Reserve are being treated too delicately , and states that the current state of affairs " threatens to unhinge an already precariously balanced situation in which we are losing as many soldiers through no use as we are through the fear of overuse . " References .
John W . Rosa John W . Rosa Jr . ( born September 28 , 1951 ) is a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant General currently serving as President of The Citadel in Charleston , South Carolina . While on active duty , Rosa also served as the sixteenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy . Background and education . Rosa entered the Air Force in May 1973 after receiving his bachelor ' s degree and his commission ( via Air Force ROTC ) from The Citadel , Charleston , South Carolina . He earned a master ' s degree in public administration from Golden Gate University in 1985 . Rosa is also a graduate of the Air Force Squadron Officer School , Air Command and Staff College , U . S . Army Command and General Staff College , U . S . Army War College and the Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security Management , John F . Kennedy School of Government , Harvard University . Military assignments . After his commissioning , Rosa went to pilot training at Craig Air Force Base , Alabama , followed by fighter training at Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico . His command positions have included the 35th Tactical Fighter Squadron , Kunsan Air Base , South Korea ; the 366th Operations Support Squadron , Mountain Home Air Force Base , Idaho ; 49th Operations Group at Holloman AFB , NM ; 20th Fighter Wing , Shaw Air Force Base , South Carolina ; and the 347th Rescue Wing , Moody Air Force Base , Georgia . From 1980 to 1983 , he served an exchange tour with the Royal Air Force as a pilot in Hunter and Jaguar aircraft at Royal Air Force Lossiemouth , Scotland . He has also served on staff assignments at Pacific Air Forces , U . S . Air Force headquarters , and the Headquarters , Joint Staff . He concluded his military career serving as the sixteenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy before retiring from the Air Force in 2005 . Rosa is a pilot with more than 3 , 600 flying hours in the A - 7 , A - 10 , the Hunter and Jaguar aircraft , F - 16 , F - 117A , HH - 60G and HC - 130 . Awards and decorations . Rosa ' s decorations include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal , Defense Superior Service Medal , Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters , Air Force Commendation Medal , and the Combat Readiness Medal with two oak leaf clusters . He is also a graduate of the U . S . Air Force Fighter Weapons Instructor Course .
Vepr The Vepr is a Ukranian assault rifle designed by the National Space Agency of Ukraine and shown to the world in 2003 , the Vepr is a bullpup conversion of the AK - 74 assault rifle . Description . The Vepr ( " wild boar " - Ukrainian language ) has been announced in 2003 as a new Ukrainian - designed assault rifle . Ukraine is a former Soviet republic and since dissolution of USSR its armed forces used Soviet - era small arms , including the Kalashnikov AKM and AK - 74 assault rifles . The Vepr has been advertised as a major improvement over AK - 74 , but , in fact , it more than yet another conversion of standard AK - 74 into bullpup layout . The standard AK - 74 is stripped from its furniture , and the buttplate is fitted directly to the receiver ; polymer cheek rest is fitted to the receiver cover , and pistol grip is fitted ahead of the magazine ; the cocking handle is moved to the left side of the forearm , but the safety / fire selector lever remained in the same position , now well behind the pistol grip and almost out of reach when gun is shouldered . Vepr is fitted with adjustable open sights and a standard side mount for day or night scopes . Relatively large red dot scope of Ukrainian manufacture is fitted as a standard . Latest version of the Vepr also feature an integral 40mm underbarrel grenade launcher , with dual trigger arrangement ( front trigger controls launcher , rear trigger controls the rifle ) . It is yet to be seen if the Vepr will be procured and issued to Ukrainian forces in any numbers , but the claims of " clear superiority to AK - 74 " from Vepr manufacturers seem to be rather optimistic , to say the least . There were plenty of conversions of Kalashnikov rifles to bullpup layout before the Vepr , like Russian OC - 14 Groza , Finnish Valmet M82 , Chinese Type 86 or South African CR - 21 . Just the first of these had achieved sucess so far . Specifications See Also
Makapili Makapili ( " Makabayan Katipunan Ñg Mg̃a Pilipino " or " Alliance of Philippine Patriots " ) was a militant group formed in the Philippines during World War II to give military aid to Japan . Organised by Benigno Ramos and Artemio Ricarte , they were born out of José P . Laurel ' s refusal to conscript Filipinos for Japan . The Japanese decreed that the group should be founded in November 1944 when they brought together many of the supporters of the defunct Ganap Party . Like Ganap its main area of support was Metro Manila , although Makapili established chapters across the islands , attracting some support . Makapili members are best remembered by turning in Filipinos to the Japanese through pointing at insurgents with their heads covered with a bayong ( Filipino basket ) . After the war the group was vilified for its involvement in some Japanese outrages on the islands and individual members faced trials for treason as a result . A 1951 film of the same name was made starring Justina David .
SM UC - 37 SM " UC - 37 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 20 November 1915 and was launched on 5 June 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 October 1916 as SM " UC - 37 " . In 13 patrols " UC - 37 " was credited with sinking 41 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 37 " was surrendered at Sevastopol on 25 November 1918 and broken up at Bizerta in August 1921 .
Countersign ( military ) In military terminology , a countersign is a sign , word , or any other signal previously agreed upon and required to be exchanged between a sentry or guard and anybody approaching his or her post . The term usually encompasses both the sign given by the approaching party as well as the sentry ' s reply . However , in some armies , the countersign is strictly the reply of the sentry to the password given by the person approaching . A well - known sign / countersign is that used by the Allied forces on D - Day during World War II : the challenge / sign was " flash " , the password " thunder " , and the countersign ( to challenge the person giving the first code word ) " Welcome " . Obfuscation . The signs are often worked into a sentence in some way , nominally to obfuscate which words are key in case there are spies nearby . An example would be the sign " blue " and the countersign " moon " . The approacher might say , " I ' m feeling blue today . . . got any ideas of how I could cheer up ? " The sentry could reply with , " Well , you could always moon somebody . " Although in this example the code could be easily deduced , the inclusion of more words the same type as the codeword confuses the issue significantly . Under normal circumstances a sign and countersign are for establishing immediate security only ( if to fire or not ) with further identification , via documents or interrogation , needed once in a more secure or private location . In computer networks . A similar technique is becoming common in computer networking , particularly for banking web sites . For example ( as in Bank of America ' s " SiteKey " system ) , a user might enter his or her user - ID , but withhold the corresponding password until the server replied to the user - ID with a previously agreed - upon phrase and / or image . So long as the connection is secure , and the user can choose from a wide range of phrases and / or images in the set - up process , he / she can be confident that he / she is signing on to the legitimate site , rather than to a spoofed one . In literature . The opening lines of William Shakespeare ' s play " Hamlet " are between soldiers on duty are viewed as representing a crude sign , where the line " Long live the King ! " was a sign between soldiers :
USS Tempest ( PC - 2 ) USS " Tempest " ( PC - 2 ) is the second " Cyclone " - class Patrol ( coastal ) ship . Decommissioned 30 September 2005 and loaned to the United States Coast Guard as USCGC " Tempest " ( WPC - 2 ) . She was placed in ' Commission Special ' status until December 2005 , when she was formally commissioned as a Coast Guard cutter . She was returned to the US Navy on 22 August 2008 . In 2013 , " Tempest " shifted homeport to Naval Support Activity Bahrain .
HMNZS Taupo ( 1975 ) HMNZS " Taupo " ( 1975 ) was a " Lake " class inshore patrol vessel of the Royal New Zealand Navy . It was commissioned in 1975 with pennant number P3570 and deleted in 1991 . " Taupo " was one of three ships of this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy and is named after Lake Taupo .
HDMS Sælen ( S323 ) HDMS " Sælen " ( S323 ) ( or KDM " Sælen " ) is one of the three " Tumleren " - class small coastal submarine s of the Royal Danish Navy . History . She was built as a Type 207 submarine by Rheinstahl - Nordseewerke of Emden , Germany in 1965 for the Royal Norwegian Navy and served for 25 years as HNoMS " Uthaug " before being purchased by Denmark in 1990 , and renamed after the seal . Her international call sign is OUCJ . On 4 December 1990 , " Sælen " sank while being towed from Copenhagen to Aarhus . On 17 December , she was raised by the German floating crane " Roland " and taken to Aarhus for repair . On 10 August 1993 , diving approval was issued and the boat was recommissioned . " Sælen " served in the 2003 invasion of Iraq from May 2002 until June 2003 . To speed her return to her homeport of Frederikshavn after 385 days of deployment in the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf , she was transported on board the heavy - lift ship " Grietje " . Museum ship . After her return from the Persian Gulf , " Sælen " was decommissioned and handed over to the Royal Danish Naval Museum . " Sælen " is now placed the old navy headquarters at Holmen in central Copenhagen where she is open to visitors .
Sidronio Camacho Sidronio Camacho was one of the soldiers of Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution , and the killer of Emiliano ' s brother , Eufemio . On June 18 , 1917 , Camacho killed Emiliano ' s brother , Eufemio Zapata , who had beaten up Camacho ' s father , at the time Eufemio ' s second in command , supposedly for drunkenness ( according to some sources it was Eufemio who was drunk , not Sidroni ' s father ) , at Cuautla , Mexico . Sidronio avenged his father by shooting Eufemio in the abdomen . He then threw his still living victim on an anthill . This event earned him the nickname , " " el loco Sidronio " " ( " the crazy Sidronio " ) . Knowing Emiliano would want to avenge his brother , Sidronio sought out sanctuary with Zapata ' s enemies , the Carrancistas ( followers of Venustiano Carranza ) , who granted him an amnesty .
Wormegay Castle Wormegay Castle is a motte and bailey earthwork , located next to the village of Wormegay in the English county of Norfolk . Details . The castle was probably built by Hermer de Ferrers after the Norman Conquest , and remained in the de Ferrers family until 1166 . The motte is 5 metres high and 77 metres by 62 metres wide at the base . The motte is surrounded on three sides by a ditch up to 15 metres wide and 2 metres deep . The bailey is 150 metres by 88 metres across , and raised about 1 metre from the ground . The castle would have been highly visible in early medieval times , more so than in the 21st century , and would have formed a local landmark as well as controlling the local causeway across the Fens . Wormegay formed the centre , or the " caput " , for an honour of feudal properties across East Anglia . As the centre of a major estate , Wormegay provided castle - guard duties to Norwich Castle .
Battle of Cologne The Battle of Cologne was fought near the city of Köln ( English : Cologne ) ( now part of Germany ) in the year 716 . The battle is known chiefly as the first battle of Charles Martel ' s command and is the only defeat of his life . In 716 , the king of the Franks , Chilperic II , and Ragenfrid , the mayor of the palace of Neustria , invaded Austrasia to impose their will on the competing factions there : those of Theudoald and Plectrude , grandson ( and designated heir ) and widow respectively of Martel ' s father Pepin of Heristal , and those of Martel himself , newly escaped from Plectrude ' s Cologne prison and acclaimed mayor of the palace of Austrasia . Simultaneously Radbod , King of Frisia invaded Austrasia and allied with the king and the Neustrians . Outside of Cologne , the ultimate target of the invading army , held still by Plectrude , an ill - prepared Charles Martel , who had little time to gather many men , was defeated and forced to flee to the mountains of the Eifel . Martel had only recently been freed from imprisonment by Plectrude after his father ' s death , and most of his followers had not gathered . Faced with overwhelming numbers , lack of his own men , and no time to prepare , Charles chose to do the only thing he could : flee until he could gather his supporters and prepare . In short , Charles declined to give battle when he could not possibly win . Cologne then fell after a short siege to the king and the Neustrians . But once in the mountains of the Eifel , Charles began to rally his supporters , and in short order was ready to do battle . He fell on the army of Chilperic II , and at the Battle of Amblève near Ameland Ragenfrid as they returned triumphantly from Cologne , and crushed their army . He used a feigned retreat , among other tactics for which he would become famous , primarily , attacking his foes when they least expected it , usually outnumbered , and depending on his generalship — in this case falling on his foes as they rested at midday , feigning retreat to draw them out of their defensive position , and crushing them in the open . He remained undefeated thereafter for twenty - five years , against a wide variety of foes , foreign and domestic , including his legendary defeat of the Muslim invasion of Europe at the Battle of Tours .