naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron ( 427 SOAS ) ( ) is a tactical helicopter unit that provides aviation support to Canadian Special Operations Forces Command . The squadron is based at CFB Petawawa , Ontario with a fleet of Bell CH - 146 Griffon helicopters . It was originally founded as No . 427 Squadron RCAF . History . 427 Squadron started as a bomber squadron formed at Croft , England on 7 November 1942 and spent its wartime entirely in England as a part of No . 6 Group RCAF , RAF Bomber Command . 427 flew Vickers Wellington Mk IIIs and Mk Xs from its first operational mission on 14 December 1942 , a minelaying sortie to the Frisian Islands , until May 1943 when it was relocated to Leeming , North Yorkshire . Re - equipped with Handley Page Halifax Mk V aircraft , the squadron flew intensely until early 1944 when it replaced its inventory with Halifax Mk III aircraft . This fleet saw the greatest number of missions and in slightly more than a year ' s time they were then replaced by Avro Lancaster bombers prior to the end of WWII . The Lancasters were used for Prisoner of War repatriation until the end of May 1946 . 427 was stood down on 1 June 1946 . The squadron was reformed on 1 August 1952 at RCAF Station St Hubert ( a suburb of modern day Montreal , Quebec , Canada ) as 427 Fighter Squadron , flying Canadair Sabre s , and was transferred to No . 3 ( Fighter ) Wing at Zweibrücken in March 1953 . Selected as the first European RCAF squadron to receive the CF - 104 Starfighter in the nuclear strike role , the squadron was stood down from its day - fighter role on 15 December 1962 and reformed as 427 ( Strike - Attack ) Squadron two days later . On 1 February 1968 , unification integrated 427 into the new Canadian Forces . The squadron was again disbanded on 1 July 1970 . 427 came back into existence as 427 Tactical Helicopter Squadron at CFB Petawawa , where it remains today . 1 February 2006 saw command of 427 transferred to Canadian Special Operations Forces Command , as it took on a full - time role of special operations aviation support . Shortly thereafter , it was renamed as , " 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron ( SOAS ) . " Unlike the 160th SOAR ( US Army ) , there are no specialized standards ( in the " Special Operations context " ) for any 427 SOAS members unlike the other units in CANSOFCOM – JTF 2 , CSOR and CJIRU and entrance into 427 SOAS requires only " negotiations through Career Managers and losing units . " Aircraft flown by 427 Squadron . Historic Current Battle honours . 427 Squadron was awarded the following battle honours , which are carried on their standard :
USS Jacamar ( AMCU - 25 ) USS " Jacamar " ( AMCU - 25 ) , was a of the United States Navy . Laid down on 1 September 1944 , by the New Jersey Shipbuilding Corporation of Barber , New Jersey , the ship was launched on 2 October 1944 , commissioned as USS " LCI ( L ) - 870 " on 9 October 1944 , and decommissioned ( date unknown ) . Laid up in the Reserve Fleet , her designation changed to Landing Ship Infantry ( Large ) LSIL , on 28 February 1949 , and the ship was authorized for conversion to Coastal Minesweeper ( Underwater Locator ) , in FY 1952 at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard , Bremerton , Washington . Renamed USS " Jacamar " ( AMCU - 25 ) on 7 March 1952 , conversion began on 3 August 1953 , was completed on 1 February 1954 , and the ship was recommissioned as USS " Jacamar " ( AMCU - 25 ) on 1 December 1954 . Additional characteristics : Other than the fact that she was commissioned in 1944 and decommissioned after 1954 , very little is known about her operational activities . " Jacamar " was decommissioned , ( date unknown ) , struck from the Naval Vessel Register , ( date unknown ) . Her final disposition and fate are unknown .
6th Vermont Infantry The 6th Regiment , Vermont Volunteer Infantry ( or 6th VVI ) was a three years ' infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It served in the Eastern Theater , predominantly in the VI Corps , Army of the Potomac , from October 1861 to June 1865 . It was a member of the Vermont Brigade . The regiment was mustered into Federal service on October 15 , 1861 at St . Albans , Vermont . It was engaged in , or present at , Warwick Creek , Lee ' s Mill , Williamsburg , Golding ' s Farm , Savage ' s Station and White Oak Swamp during the Peninsula Campaign ; Crampton ' s Gap and Antietam during the 1862 Maryland Campaign ; Battle of Fredericksburg , Marye ' s Heights , Salem Church , and Banks ' Ford ; Gettysburg and Funkstown during the Gettysburg Campaign ; Gainesville and Rappahannock Station ; the Wilderness , Spotsylvania , Cold Harbor , Petersburg , Wilmington and Weldon Railroad , and Reams ' Station during the Overland Campaign ; Fort Stevens ; Charlestown , Opequon , Winchester , Fisher ' s Hill , and Cedar Creek during the Shenandoah Valley campaign ; the Siege of Petersburg , and Sayler ' s Creek . Throughout the 6th Vermont ' s service , 189 men were killed and mortally wounded in combat , 2 died from non - combat related accidents , 20 died in Confederate prisons and 189 died from disease for a total loss of 400 men . The regiment mustered out of service on June 26 , 1865 .
3rd Tank Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The , was one of four armored division s of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II . History . The 3rd Tank Division was raised in Mengjiang on June 24 , 1942 as part of the Japanese Northern China Area Army under the overall aegis of the Mongolia Garrison Army Initially tasked primarily with border patrol of Manchukuo ' s western frontier with the Soviet Union , from April 1944 , it participated in Operation Ichi - Go in northern China against the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China . The 3rd Tank Division ’ s IJA 8th Armored Regiment ( formerly based in Mukden ) was detached in June 1944 , and transferred to the control of the Japanese Eighth Area Army in Rabaul . The IJA 12th Armored Regiment , formerly based in Taiyuan , was withdrawn to bolster the defenses of Seoul in Korea towards the closing stages of the war and as part of the Japanese Seventeenth Area Army was in combat against the Soviet Red Army ’ s invasion of Manchuria . The IJA 13th Armored Regiment , normally based in Hankou was withdrawn to Tianjin in 1944 , and ended the war in Changsha . The IJA 17th Armored Regiment ended the war in Tianjin . The 3rd Tank Division was officially demobilized in September 1945 with the rest of the Imperial Japanese Army .
Rowley Lambert Vice Admiral Rowley Lambert , CB ( 23 April 1828 – 22 July 1880 ) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy . Naval career . Born the son of Admiral Sir George Lambert , Rowley was appointed a lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1848 . He served in the Black Sea during the Crimean war . Promoted to Captain in 1855 , he was given command of HMS " Scylla " and then HMS " Liverpool . He was the Commander - in - Chief , Australia Station between 28 May 1867 until 8 April 1870 . He died in London on 22 July 1880 .
Christopher Bassford Christopher Bassford ( born July 22 , 1953 ) is an American military historian . Bassford graduated from the College of William and Mary with a degree in history and honors for his dissertation on tactical nuclear weapons and completed his MA in American diplomatic history at Ohio University . Subsequent to receiving his MA , he served five years on active duty as a U . S . Army field artillery officer , with tours in Korea and Germany . He completed a Ph . D . in modern European history at Purdue University and became director of studies in the theory and nature of war at the U . S . Marine Corps ( USMC ) Command and Staff College , then associate professor of National Policy Issues at the U . S . Army War College . He was Professor of Strategy at the National War College ( NWC ) , in Washington , D . C . , from 1999 until 2012 , when he joined the faculty of the College of International Security Affairs ( CISA ) as part of a program supporting U . S . Army Special Operations Command ( ARSOC ) . Works . Bassford has written scholarly studies , military doctrine , and articles for the popular press . He is the author of several books , including " Clausewitz in English : The Reception of Clausewitz in Britain and America , 1815 - 1945 " and " The Spit - Shine Syndrome : Organizational Irrationality in the American Field Army " . He is one of the editors of the Boston Consulting Group ' s business - oriented " Clausewitz On Strategy : Inspiration and Insight from a Master Strategist " and Carl von Clausewitz and Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington , " On Waterloo : Clausewitz , Wellington , and the Campaign of 1815 " , ed . / trans . Christopher Bassford , Daniel Moran , and Gregory W . Pedlow ( Clausewitz . com , 2010 ) . From 1995 to 1999 he was involved in the writing of USMC doctrine , authoring " MCDP 1 - 1 , Strategy " ; " MCDP 1 - 2 , Campaigning " ; " MCWP 5 - 1 , Marine Corps Planning " ( Draft ) ; " MCWP 2 - 15 . 3 , Ground Reconnaissance Operations " ; and " MCWP 3 - 2 , Aviation Operations " , as well as participating in the writing of several other USMC and Joint concepts and doctrinal publications . His academic articles include : The Clausewitz Homepage . Bassford is the editor of The Clausewitz Homepage , an educational website that focuses on the German military philosopher Carl von Clausewitz . Bassford ' s own work on Clausewitz concentrates on the evolution of Clausewitz ' s reception , reputation , and impact in the English - speaking world . He is interested in the relationship between Clausewitzian theory , concepts from the field of nonlinear science , and modern evolutionary theory .
March battalion A march battalion ( , , , ( , ) is a battalion - sized military unit formed of all the rear - echelon units of an infantry regiment . It usually includes all the tabor s , field kitchen staff , reserve soldiers , military police , commander ' s reserves , guards , aides , and raw recruits who did not arrive at the mobilization centre before the unit to which they were attached left for the front . Alternatively , the name can be used for all provisional units made up of companies from various battalions for the purpose of giving them a command structure during their march . Etymology . The name is derived from the fact that such battalions are usually left in the barracks after the regiment has left for the front , and spend some time there to gather all the late - comers and volunteers . Then the unit follows the main force of the regiment , usually by fast , forced march . History . March battalions were used extensively by many European armies of the 19th and 20th century , most notably British , Polish , German , Austro - Hungarian and French . The nature of modern conflicts , the change from conscript to professional armies , as well as innovations in the field of logistics , make the march battalion obsolete .
Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz ( 917 ) The Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista which occurred in the year 917 . The battle pitted the Omayyad forces of the Caliphate of Cordoba under Abi - Abda against the troops of the Kingdom of Leon under Ordoño II of León . The battle resulted in a Leonese victory . Context . In 912 , Ordoño II ordered the repoblación of San Esteban de Gormaz as the city had been one of the borderline cities in between the Moorish and Christian zones of the Iberian Peninsula . This region had become depopulated early in the Muslim takeover and acted as a buffer zone between the two groups . The Battle . Once hearing of Ordoño II ' s efforts to repopulate and take control of the city , Abi - Abda ordered a siege of the city in 917 . Ordoño II was able to successfully come to the city ' s aid and routed the Muslim forces . Abi - Abda himself was captured during the fray and executed by decapitation . His head was put on display on the city ' s ramparts as a warning to the Muslims . Aftermath . A similar battle would take place in 919 where the Muslims were repulsed , however by 920 the city was again in Muslim hands . The city would change hands multiple times until 1054 when the town was permanently retaken by the Christian forces under the command of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar , also known as " el Cid " .
VXS - 1 Scientific Development Squadron ONE ( VXS - 1 ) is a U . S . Navy military support squadron that conducts numerous single - aircraft deployments around the world in support of a wide range of scientific research projects . Mission statement . To provide heavy lift aircraft capable of supporting scientific research projects around the world for Naval Research Laboratory , Department of the Navy , U . S . Department of Defense activities , as well as other U . S . government agencies that contribute to Naval Research . History . Formerly known as Flight Support Detachment , Scientific Development Squadron ONE ( VXS - 1 ) was established 13 December 2004 , as commissioned by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations , Notice 5450 . Fleet Operations . Manned by Navy officers , enlisted sailors and government and private civilian personnel , the squadron is responsible for the maintenance and security of three uniquely configured NP - 3D Orion turboprop research aircraft , two Beechcraft Super King Air RC - 12 aircraft , over 200 unmanned aerial system s and an American Blimp Corporation Lighter - Than - Air ( LTA ) airship ( MZ - 3A ) transferred to VXS - 1 , October 2009 . Located on board the Naval Air Station Patuxent River , Maryland , VXS - 1 is responsible for the training , qualifications , and proficiency of all assigned personnel , as well as the maintenance of the research aircraft , and detachment coordination . Missions . 2004 – The Detachment supported the Antarctic Sea Ice Campaign , flying missions in and around what was formerly known as the Palmer Peninsula on the Antarctic continent . The mission purpose was the evaluation of spatial variability to fully assess how accurately sea ice parameters can be derived based on a study of new ice emissivity , heat , and salinity fluxes over coastal waters and a determination of precise locations of ice edges . 2006 – VXS - 1 flew the " Rampant Lion I " survey conducted by Naval Research Laboratory and U . S . Geological Survey scientists as part of an integrated remote sensing survey , mapping approximately two - thirds of the country of Afghanistan . 2008 – The team flew “ Rampant Lion II . ” Built on data obtained in 2006 , the team ' s modified NP - 3D Orion aircraft assisted scientists with a dual focus – developing advanced geospatial collection ; and analysis techniques to support the warfighter and economic infrastructure development in Afghanistan .
Decurion ( Roman cavalry officer ) A decurion ( Latin : decurio , plural " decuriones " ) was a Roman cavalry officer in command of a squadron ( " turma " ) of cavalrymen in the Roman army . Republican army . During the Roman Republic a " Polybian " legion ( ca . 300 – 88 BC ) of citizen - levies had a cavalry complement of 300 horse , divided into 10 " turmae " ( squadrons ) of 30 men each . Each " turma " was led by 3 decurions , who were elected by the squadron members themselves . Although " decurio " literally means " leader of 10 men " , it does not appear that a " turma " was sub - divided into 3 troops of 10 men each . Instead , one decurion would act as squadron commander and the other two as his deputies . All decurions were members of the Roman equestrian order , as were many of their subordinates . Imperial army . In the imperial Roman army of the Principate ( 30 BC - AD 284 ) , a decurion also commanded a cavalry " turma " of ca . 30 men , but now without colleagues . In common with all soldiers in the imperial army , decurions were long - service professionals , the majority volunteers . A Roman imperial legion , which contained ca . 5 , 500 men , contained a small cavalry arm of just 120 men ( i . e . 4 " turmae " ) . Since the average number of legions deployed was ca . 30 , imperial legionary cavalry numbered only ca . 3 , 600 , out of a total of ca . 80 , 000 cavalrymen deployed by the imperial army . There were thus ca . 120 cavalry decurions in the legions at any given time . The vast majority of the imperial cavalry was in the regiments of the auxilia , the non - citizen corps of the regular imperial army ( whose recruits were mainly imperial subjects who did not hold Roman citizen ship ( known as " peregrini " ) . An " ala " ( literally " wing " ) , which was an elite all - cavalry regiment , contained 480 horse ( 16 " turmae " , thus 16 decurions ) . A double - strength " ala " ( " ala milliaria " ) contained 720 horse ( 24 " turmae " ) . " Circa " 90 " alae " were deployed in the time of emperor Hadrian ( ruled 117 - 38 ) . In addition , the auxiliary corps included a type of regiment known as a " cohors equitata " , an infantry unit with a cavalry complement of 120 horse ( 4 " turmae " ; 8 in a double - strength unit ) . Around 180 such regiments existed under Hadrian . There were thus ca . 2 , 500 decurions serving in the auxilia at any given time . In the imperial period , decurions were no longer conscripted Romans , commoners who were often promoted from the ranks , but could also be members of native tribal aristocracies . ( Roman knights at this stage only provided the overall commanders ( " praefecti " ) of the auxilia ry regiments . ) Thus , decurions in the imperial army were of far lower social status than their predecessors in the Republican cavalry . The latter were not only Roman citizens , but also aristocrats , whereas auxiliary decurions were mostly commoners and non - citizens ( until AD 212 , when all imperial subjects were granted citizenship ) . Even if they belonged to a native aristocracy , they ranked lower than a commoner Roman citizen in the status - conscious Roman empire .
368th Military Intelligence Battalion ( United States ) Mission . The 368th Military Intelligence Battalion ’ s mission is to provide intelligence and electronic warfare ( IEW ) operations support for the 501st Military Intelligence Brigade in support of the Korean Theater . In peacetime , the battalion provides global Human Intelligence ( HUMINT ) , Signals Intelligence ( SIGINT ) , and Imagery Intelligence ( IMINT ) support to Army operations . History . The 368th Military Intelligence Battalion had companies and detachments located in Oakland , California , however because of BRAC changes , the headquarters was moved to a new facility at Camp Parks , California in 2010 . The 368th MI Battalion remains partially located at the General George Smith Patton , Jr . United States Army Reserve Center in Bell , California . The companies in Bell were initially formed from the personnel and facilities of the former 140th Military Intelligence Battalion ( CEWI ) ( HD ) which was deactivated essentially simultaneously with the activation of the 368th ; the 140th ' s lineage and colors were not inherited by the 368th . " " Vanguard of the Pacific " "
German submarine U - 444 German submarine " U - 444 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out two patrols . She sank no ships . She was a member of three wolfpack s . She was sunk by Allied warships in mid - Atlantic in March 1943 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 10 February 1941 at " F . Schicau GmbH " in Danzig ( now Gdansk ) as ' werk ' 1499 , launched on 26 February 1942 and commissioned on 9 May under the command of " Oberleutnant " Albert Langfeld . She served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 9 May 1942 for training and the 3rd flotilla from 1 January 1943 for operations . 1st patrol . " U - 432 " s first patrol began from Kiel in Germany on 17 December 1942 . She headed for the Atlantic Ocean , via the ' gap ' separating the Faroe and Shetland Islands . She arrived at La Pallice in occupied France on 3 February 1943 . 2nd patrol and loss . " U - 444 " left La Pallice on 1 March 1943 ; on the 11th she was sunk in mid - Atlantic by a combination of depth charge s and ramming by the British destroyer HMS " Harvester and the Free French corvette " Aconit " . Forty - one men went down with " U - 444 " ; there were four survivors .
Check - mate system The check - mate system was a system of ship identification used by the Royal Navy during World War II . It was used by the Navy when on patrol looking for German auxiliary cruiser s and others ships that had been disguised by Axis forces . Under this system , a patrolling Royal Navy vessel would individually identify a suspect ship via the Admiralty in London ; this step became necessary and was introduced after October 1942 after a German - held British ship was twice passed off by the Allies as still being British when challenged . The system became fully operational from May 1943 .
German submarine U - 598 German submarine " U - 598 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out four patrols , was a member of four wolfpack s and sank two ships ; she also damaged one other . The boat was sunk by depth charge s from two US aircraft , off the Brazilian coast in July 1943 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 11 January 1941 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 574 , launched on 2 October 1941 and commissioned on 27 November under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Gottfried Holtorf . She served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 27 November 1941 for training and the 6th flotilla for operations from 1 July 1942 until her loss . 1st patrol . " U - 598 " s first patrol began from Kiel on 7 July 1942 . She headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the ' gap ' separating Iceland and the Faroe Islands . One man drowned while carrying out maintenance on hydroplanes and propellers in mid - Atlantic on 5 August . She damaged the " Standella " , sank the " Michael Jebsen " and the " Empire Corporal " , all on 14 August northwest of Barlovento Point , Cuba . The " Empire Corporal " had , as the , been damaged by a torpedo and bombs in the English Channel in 1940 . She had been repaired and returned to service in 1942 . The boat arrived at St . Nazaire , in occupied France on the 13 September . 2nd and 3rd patrols . " U - 598 " s second sortie was to the south of Greenland ; it was relatively uneventful . Her third foray also started and finished in St . Nazaire between March and May 1943 . 4th patrol and loss . The boat departed St . Nazaire for the last time on 26 June 1943 . On 23 July she was sunk by depth charges dropped by two US Liberator s near Natal ( on the Brazilian coast ) . Forty - three men died with " U - 598 " ; there were two survivors .