naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Faylaka Island attack In October 2002 two Kuwaiti citizens with ties to jihadist in Afghanistan launched the Faylaka Island attack against United States Marines . The Marines were on a training exercise on Failaka Island , an island off the cost of Kuwait , on a training exercise . One Marine was killed , and another was seriously injured . The two Kuwaitis , Anas Al Kandari and Jassem al - Hajiri were also killed . There were reported to have served as volunteers with the Taliban , in Afghanistan , prior to the American response to the attacks of September 11 , 2001 . The Marines rifles were loaded with blank rounds for the training exercise . But they were able to engage their Kuwaiti attackers with their pistols . Prior to the 1991 Gulf War the island was a resort , but , in 2002 , the war damage had not been repaired . Guantanamo captives alleged to have an association with the Faylaka Island attack . A number of the captives held in extrajudicial detention in Guantanamo had their continued detention justified , in part , through a friendship or family relationship with the two attackers .
USNS Shughart ( T - AKR - 295 ) USNS " Shughart " ( T - AKR - 295 ) is the lead ship of her class of cargo ships . She is a ' roll - on roll - off ' non - combat United States Navy designated a " Large , Medium - Speed Roll - on / Roll - off " ( LMSR ) ship . History . She was originally the Laura Maersk , constructed in 1980 in Denmark by " Lindovaerftet " for A . P . Moller - Maersk Group ( " Maersk " ) . She was lengthened in 1987 and again in the early 1990s by Hyundai . On May 7 , 1996 " Laura Maersk " was delivered to Military Sealift Command and was outfitted at the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company ' s docks in San Diego , California . Operated by Bay Ship Management , the newly renovated ship was renamed in honor of Medal of Honor recipient US Army Sergeant First Class Randall D . Shughart . Senator Bob Kerrey of Nebraska was the ceremony ' s principal speaker and serving as the ship ' s sponsor was Mrs . Stephanie Shughart , Sergeant Shughart ' s widow . The " Shughart " remains under the charter of the US Navy Military Sealift Command and is operated by US Merchant Mariners . " Shughart " , along with others in her class , is capable of carrying 58 tanks , 48 other track vehicles , plus more than 900 trucks and other wheeled vehicles . To manipulate the immense cargo capacity , " Shughart " utilizes two 110 - ton cranes , port and starboard ramps , and a stern ramp . External links .
Fort Ricasoli Fort Ricasoli is a large fortification on the island of Malta . The fort was built by the Knights of Malta between 1670 and 1693 . General . It occupies the promontory known as Gallows Point that forms the eastern arm of Grand Harbour , and the north shore of Rinella Creek . Together with Fort St . Elmo and Fort Tigné it commands the approaches to Grand Harbour and Marsamxett Harbour . History . It was designed by the Italian military engineer Antonio Maurizio Valperga , as part of Grand Master Nicholas Cottoner ' s extensive fortifications around Grand Harbour . It is named for the knight who financed a large part of the works , Fra Giovanni Francesco Ricasoli . The Fort continued to be an active military installation throughout the British period and was commissioned as HMS Ricasoli between 1947 and 1958 , providing training for the Naval population . . It was the scene of a mutiny in 1807 when [ Albanian ] soldiers of the Froberg Regiment revolted and shut themselves up in Fort Ricasoli . Despite attempts at negotiation they eventually blew up the powder magazine . The mutiny was quashed by loyal troops , and 30 mutineers were condemned to death by court martial . Fort Ricasoli was active in the defence of Malta during the second world war . Structural alterations and additional gun emplacements on the seaward bastion bear witness to its continued use and evolution as a military installation . The fort has suffered significant damage from enemy action in the siege of Malta during World War II , when much of the internal structure was badly damaged . The gate has been rebuilt , but the internal buildings including the Governor ' s House have been lost . Present day . Today the fort faces a much bigger threat from the relentless onslaught of the sea . The fort is threatened by erosion from seaward , where a fault in the headland on which it stands is being eroded by the sea . During the tenure of the British military , the bastion was substantially repaired , with the outer surface being cut back and new stone facing applied . This too is now eroding badly and in 2004 a section 100 metres long by 13 metres high was removed , restored and re - attached . Parts of the fort are still viewed as being in a dangerous condition . Movie sets . The fort and its environs have been used extensively as a location for various films and serials . In recent years , huge sets were built within its walls for the films " Agora " , " Troy " and " Gladiator " , " Helen of Troy " and " Julius Caesar " had also had sets built inside Fort Ricasoli . HBO ' s adaptation of George R R Martin ' s " A Game of Thrones " used various parts of the fort to represent the Red Keep . It has a very big cannon .
Marine Corps Air Station Ewa Marine Corps Air Station Ewa ( MCAS Ewa ) was a United States Marine Corps air station that was located west of Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu , Hawaii . The base was hit during the attack on Pearl Harbor , and later served as the hub for all Marine aviation units heading into combat in the Pacific Theater during World War II . The base was closed in 1952 because its runways were too short for jet aircraft , and expansion was impossible due to the proximity of Naval Air Station Barbers Point . Ewa has been abandoned since 1952 ; however , two of its runways are still visible from the air and many of the revetment s still remain in good condition . History . It was originally founded as an airship base for the United States Navy in 1925 . The airship program was cancelled after 3 of the 4 dirigibles located there crashed during the 1930s . The base ' s upgrade to an air station began in September 1940 , and on February 3 , 1941 it was commissioned Marine Corps Air Station Ewa . By the onset of World War II , the air station had four runways and numerous hangars . On December 7 , 1941 , MCAS Ewa was the first installation hit during the attack on Pearl Harbor . All forty eight aircraft based there were destroyed . In April 1944 , the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing was relocated to MCAS Ewa where they stayed for the remainder of the war . The start of the Korean War saw another surge in activity at MCAS Ewa , but because the runways were becoming more and more unsuitable for jet aircraft , the Marine Corps shifted its aviation assets to Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay . Ewa was officially closed on June 18 , 1952 and its property assumed by Naval Air Station Barbers Point . In 2008 , the US Navy announced they would be leasing of the old air station to Ford Island Properties , who plan on building expensive homes and shopping centers to create an urban center for Kapolei . The Navy has said that 4 to of the base near the center of the old runways qualifies for the National Register of Historic Places . While some local looking to preserve the field are trying to rally support to make it a National Cemetery , it seems the Navy and Ford Island Properties are expected to conclude their lease agreement in August . In 2013 the Honolulu City Council moved forwards on a plan to have a road built over the airfield .
USS Ashley ( IX - 83 ) USS " Ashley " ( IX - 83 ) was an auxiliary schooner of the United States Navy during World War II . Built by T . Berlin Albury as " Winslow " during 1937 at Harbor Island in the Bahamas , the ship was acquired by the Navy from the Adavondach School , Inc . , of Florida , on 29 July 1942 ; renamed Ashley on 4 September 1942 and designated IX - 83 that same day ; and placed in service on 11 September 1942 at the section base at Port Everglades , Florida . Service history . The purpose for which " Ashley " was acquired and placed in service remains unclear . It is possible that she was to have been used in either the Inshore Patrol or the Coastal Picket Patrol , but nothing definitive is known . She spent her entire , brief Navy career assigned to the 7th Naval District , probably operating from Port Everglades . On 24 March 1943 , she was selected for lay up by the Commandant , 7th Naval District . The date of her being placed out of service has not been found , but her name was struck from the Navy List on 16 November 1943 . On 22 January 1944 , she was loaned to the Merritt - Chapman & Scott Corp . for operation in some unspecified service by a civilian crew . Her ultimate disposition also remains a mystery .
Defence College of Management and Technology The Defence Academy - College of Management and Technology ( DA - CMT ) is a British postgraduate school , research institution and training provider formed in 2009 from five departments of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom , and as such part of the British Armed Forces . Since 1984 Cranfield University has been the main academic provider of the college . A November 2005 contract extends the Cranfield relationship with DA - CMT to at least 2027 . The college is based , like the majority of Defence Academy institutions , at MOD ( Ministry of Defence ) Shrivenham , located between the villages of Shrivenham and Watchfield in the south - west corner of Oxfordshire ( Vale of White Horse ) , and has training centres around the country . DA - CMT facilities at Shrivenham are run by Serco Defence . The departments are : Centre for Defence Acquisition and Technology , Centre for Defence Leadership and Management , Defence School of Languages , Nuclear Department and the Defence Technical Officer and Engineer Entry Scheme . History . The college traces its history to a school founded in 1772 to provide technical training for the military . In 1840 the Royal Artillery Institution was founded to train artillery officers " for the study of science and languages " . It was established as a response to the technological advances brought on by the Industrial Revolution . During the 1880s , the institution expanded , becoming the Ordnance College while the advanced classes formed the Artillery College , and a Commandant was appointed . In 1927 it became the Military College of Science . After World War II it moved to its current location in Shrivenham . In 1953 , the newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II granted the college its " Royal " title .
Invention Secrecy Act The Invention Secrecy Act of 1951 ( , codified at ) is a body of United States federal law designed to prevent disclosure of new invention s and technologies that , in the opinion of selected federal agencies , present a possible threat to the national security of the United States . The U . S . government has long sought to control the release of new technologies that might threaten the national defense and economic stability of the country . During World War I , Congress authorized the United States Patent and Trademark Office ( PTO ) to classify certain defense - related patents . This initial effort lasted only for the duration of that war but was reimposed in October 1941 in anticipation of the U . S . entry into World War II . Patent secrecy orders were initially intended to remain effective for two years , beginning on July 1 , 1940 , but were later extended for the duration of the war . The Invention Secrecy Act of 1951 made such patent secrecy permanent , though the order to suppress any invention must be renewed each year ( except during periods of declared war or national emergency ) . Under this Act , defense agencies provide the PTO with a classified list of sensitive technologies in the form of the " Patent Security Category Review List " ( PSCRL ) . The decision to classify new inventions under this act is made by " defense agencies " as defined by the President . Generally , these agencies include the Army , Navy , Air Force , National Security Agency ( NSA ) , Department of Energy , and NASA , but even the Justice Department has played this role . A secrecy order bars the award of a patent , orders that the invention be kept secret , restricts the filing of foreign patents , and specifies procedures to prevent disclosure of ideas contained in the application . The only way an inventor can avoid the risk of such imposed secrecy is to forgo patent protection . By the end of fiscal year 1991 , the number of patent secrecy orders stood at 6 , 193 . Many such orders were imposed on individuals and organizations working without government support . This number shrank for each fiscal year thereafter , until 2002 . Since 2002 , the number of secrecy orders has grown , with 5 , 002 secrecy orders in effect at the end of fiscal year 2007 . The types of inventions classified under this Act are themselves secret , but most of the inventions which are now no longer secret but once were secret have been in areas with high military significance , such as cryptography and weapons development .
Charles Chapman ( aviator ) Charles Meredith Bouverie Chapman , MC ( 9 January 1887 – 1 October 1917 ) was a British Flying Ace in World War I with seven credited victories . Background . Chapman was born in Bridge , Kent , the son of a brewer . Involvement in World War 1 . Chapman served as a lieutenant in the East Kent Regiment from January 1913 but was transferred to the Royal Flying Corps on 1 July 1915 . He qualified as a pilot on 31 July 1915 receiving military flying training at Shorham before being posted to No . 22 Squadron , Royal Flying Corps . On 1 April 1916 , Chapman as part of this Squadron was sent to France , based eventually at Bertangles . However Chapman was transferred to ' B ' Flight No . 24 Squadron , also based at Bertangles , using Airco DH . 2 aircraft . Chapman was successful in destroying three enemy aircraft in a short period , commencing on 22 June 1916 , for which he was awarded the Military Cross . On detachment in the UK , Chapman served in a number of Training Units and on 1 November 1916 was promoted to the rank of Captain becoming a flight commander . In this capacity , he returned to France in May 1917 to join No . 29 Squadron at Le Hameau , flying Nieuport Scouts . Chapman was credited with all the rest of his victories flying this type of aircraft , like Georg Simon pilot in Manfred von Richthofen ' s Jagdstaffel 11 . He died of shrapnel injuries received on 1 October 1917 after a German bombing raid on No 29 Sqn ' s aerodrome at Poperinghe .
Georgian – Armenian War The Georgian – Armenian War was a border war fought in 1918 between the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the First Republic of Armenia over the control of territories in Lori , Javakheti , and Borchalo districts which , until 1917 , had been part of the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire . At the end of World War I , some of these territories were occupied by the Ottoman Empire . When Ottoman forces withdrew from the region , the majority Armenian population claimed control . The dispute degenerated into armed clashes on 7 December 1918 . The hostilities continued with varying success of Georgia until 31 December when a British - brokered ceasefire was signed , leaving the disputed part of Borchalo district under joint Georgian and Armenian administration until the establishment of Soviet rule in Armenia in 1920 . Background . During the final stages of World War I , the Armenians and Georgians had been defending against the advance of the Ottoman Empire . In June 1918 , in order to forestall an Ottoman advance on Tiflis , Georgian troops entered the Lori district , which had a 75 % Armenian population . The Georgians offered a quadripartite conference including Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in order to resolve the issue , which the Armenians rejected . Within days , hostilities commenced between the two republics . Hostilities . On 5 December 1918 , Armenia sent troops to occupy Borchalo and Akhalkalaki districts . The first military clashes occurred on 9 December . Three days later , the Armenians scored a victory in the village of Sanahin in the Lori district , took over the village and its surroundings after surprise attacks , to build up effective defensive positions . The main advancing forces were halted and the Georgian Army mounted a counteroffensive , winning a battle at Shulaveri on 29 December . and forcing an Armenian retreat . Hostilities ended at the village of Sadakhlo on the night of 31 December , when the parties agreed to a British - brokered ceasefire . Aftermath . Both parties signed a peace agreement in January 1919 brokered by the British . Armenian and Georgian troops left the territory and both sides agreed to begin talks on designating a neutral zone . The neutral zone later was divided between the Armenian SSR and Georgian SSR . The immediate consequences of the conflict have been summed up by historian Firuz Kazemzadeh as :
USS Alacrity ( SP - 206 ) USS " Alacrity " ( SP - 206 ) was an " Alacrity " - class patrol boat acquired by the U . S . Navy for the task of patrolling American coastal waters during the First World War . The first vessel to be named " Alacrity " by the Navy , " SP - 206 " — a motorboat constructed in 1910 at Wilmington , Delaware , by Pusey & Jones — was acquired by the Navy on 28 April 1917 under a free lease from Mr . John H . Blodgett and was placed in commission on 30 May 1917 at Boston , Massachusetts , Ens . Courtland W . Babcock , USNRF , in command . World War I service . Assigned to the 1st Naval District section patrol , " Alacrity " spent World War I conducting patrols from the Boston and Provincetown , Massachusetts , section bases . Post - war activity and decommissioning . Following the armistice in November 1918 , the motorboat continued naval service until she was finally returned to her owner on 28 April 1919 , the second anniversary of her acquisition . Her name was struck from the Navy list that same day .
Second Carlist War The Second Carlist War , or the War of the Matiners or Madrugadores ( Catalan and Spanish for " early - risers , " so - called from the harassing action that took place at the earliest hours of the morning ) , was a short civil war fought primarily in Catalonia by the Carlists under General Ramón Cabrera against the forces of the government of Isabella II . The uprising began in September 1846 and continued until May 1849 , spreading to Galicia . Theoretically , the war was fought to facilitate the marriage of Isabella II with the Carlist pretender , Carlos de Borbón ( or " Carlos VI " ) , which was supported by the moderate party and by the Carlists . The marriage never took place , as Isabella II was wed to Francisco de Borbón . The conflict was minor , leading some historians to question even the label " war . " It coincided with the democratic Revolutions of 1848 , when Maria Christina revoked the constitution of Ramón de Narváez . Narváez himself led the counterattack against the revolt in Galicia while Fernando de Córdova , captain - general of Catalonia , put down the isolated rebel cells in that region by early 1849 . In June of that year , amnesty was granted to the Carlists and those who had fled returned . The war caused between 3 , 000 and 10 , 000 casualties .
Sharpshooter - class torpedo gunboat The " Sharpshooter " - class torpedo gunboat was a class of torpedo gunboat built for the Royal Navy in the late 19th century . One of the class was hulked in 1904 , seven were scrapped before World War I and five were converted to minesweepers . Of these minesweepers , " Seagull " was lost to a collision in 1918 and the rest survived the war to be broken up in the early 1920s . Design . The " Sharpshooter " class was designed by Sir William White in 1888 . They had a length overall of , a beam of and a displacement of 735 tons . They were engined with two sets of Belliss and Morcom triple - expansion steam engines , two locomotive - type boilers , and twin screws . This layout produced with natural draught and with forced draught , giving them a top speed of . They carried 100 tons of coal , giving them a range of about at and were manned by 91 sailors and officers . The following " Alarm " class were essentially an enlarged version of the " Sharpshooters " . From 1895 to 1898 a series of different boilers were fitted to " Sharpshooter " , " Sheldrake " , " Seagull " , " Spanker " and " Salamander " . Armament . At build the class was fitted with two QF / 45 - pounder guns and four 3 - pounder guns . Five torpedo tubes were fitted , except in " Plassey " and " Assaye " , which had three tubes . Three reloads were provided . Those vessels converted to minesweepers in 1909 retained their guns and had a kite winch and gallows fitted on the quarterdeck . Service . " Plassey " and " Assaye " were built for the Bombay Marine ( renamed the Royal Indian Marine in 1892 ) . " Whiting " and " Wizard " ( renamed " Boomerang " and " Karakatta " before commissioning ) were assigned to the Australia Station . Seven of the class , including all the colonial service boats , were sold for breaking in 1904 - 1907 , and five of the class were converted to minesweepers in 1908 - 1909 . Of the five minesweepers , " Seagull " was lost in a collision with SS " Corrib " in the Clyde in 1918 , and the others were sold for breaking after World War I . " Sharpshooter " was hulked for instructional duties in 1904 and renamed " Northampton " , surviving until 1922 until being sold for breaking .
USS Tonkawa ( YTB - 786 ) USS " Tonkawa " ( YTB - 786 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Tonkawa , Oklahoma . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Tonkawa " was awarded 31 January 1964 . She was laid down on 22 December 1965 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 15 March 1966 . Operational history . Placed in service in June 1966 , " Tonkawa " was assigned to duty at Atlantic Area Advanced Bases , including Naval Station Rota Spain , and provided tug and tow services for the Atlantic Fleet . Stricken from the Navy List in 1992 , she was sold 6 October 2000 through the General Services Administration ( GSA ) to McAllister Towing and renamed " Margaret McAllister " .
Jerzy Zborowski Jerzy Eugeniusz Zborowski ( " nom de guerre " : Jeremi , Jurek , Jurek Kowalski , Kajman Okularnik , Jurek Żoliborski ) was born on July 26 , 1922 in Warsaw and died in September 1944 in Warsaw , Poland ) . He was a Polish Scoutmaster ( harcmistrz ) , scouting resistance activist , porucznik of the Armia Krajowa and commander of the Batalion Parasol during the Warsaw Uprising . Zborowski was a hero during Operation Arsenal and the assassin of Franz Bürkl in 1943 .
Willis H . Downs Willis H . Downs ( September 1866 – September 15 , 1929 ) was a United States Army private who earned the Medal of Honor during the Philippine – American War . He later obtained the rank of Wagoner . Wagoner Downs is buried in the Highland Home Cemetery in Jamestown , North Dakota . He was one of twelve members of Young ' s Scouts awarded the Medal of Honor between 13 and May 16 , 1899 . He is buried in Highland Home Cemetery , Jamestown , North Dakota . Downs is erroneously identified as having a birthdate of June 1870 ; this is incorrect , as evidenced by North Dakota Census documents , his obituary , and his headstone . Medal of Honor citation . Organization : Private , Company H , 1st North Dakota Volunteer Infantry . Place and Date : At San Miguel de Mayumo , Luzon , Philippine Islands , May 13 , 1899 . Entered Service At : Jamestown , N . Dak . Birth : Mount Carmel , Conn . Date of Issue : February 16 , 1906 . Citation : With 11 other scouts , without waiting for the supporting battalion to aid them or to get into a position to do so , charged over a distance of about 150 yards and completely routed about 300 of the enemy who were in line and in a position that could only be carried by a frontal attack .