naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Réseau Gloria The réseau Gloria SMH ( Gloria network ) was a French Resistance network under the German occupation of France during World War II . The Gloria network was founded by Gabrielle Picabia , alias " Gloria " , who was running it with Jacques Legrand ( chemical engineer ) . It counted among its members Alfred Péron , " normalien " and English professor at the " Lycée Buffon " . The network depended on the British Secret Intelligence Service , in conjunction with the SOE . The network ' s mission was to gather military and naval information about the occupiers . Its members were intellectual s , managers , and artists including an engraver who was very useful for producing false documents . The Gloria network was infiltrated by Father Robert Alesch and was decimated in August 1942 . Most of the operatives , including Péron , were arrested by the Nazi s . Samuel Beckett and his companion Suzanne Deschevaux - Dumesnil , were warned by Péron ' s wife and escaped arrest , fleeing to their friend the writer Nathalie Sarraute in the free zone . In total , more than 80 members of the network were deported and many never returned from Mauthausen or Buchenwald . The head of the network , Jacques Legrand , died in Mauthausen , and Péron died in Switzerland two days after his return from Mauthausen .
George Onions George Onions VC ( 2 March 1883 – 2 April 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Onions first served with the 3rd Hussars and was involved in the Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916 . Onions was 35 years old , and a Lance - Corporal in the 1st Battalion , The Devonshire Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 22 August 1918 south of Achiet - le - Petit , France , Lance - Corporal Onions , having been sent out with one man to get in touch with the battalion on the right flank , saw the enemy advancing in large numbers . Seizing his opportunity , he boldly placed himself and his comrade on the flank of the advancing enemy and opened fire . When the enemy were about 100 yards from him the line wavered and some hands were thrown up , whereupon the lance - corporal rushed forward and helped by his comrade , took about 200 of the enemy prisoners and marched them back to his company commander . He was later commissioned into the Rifle Brigade . After World War I , Onions served in the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary . In 1939 he was commissioned a Captain in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment for National Defence , but resigned his commission in 1941 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Keep Military Museum , Dorchester , Dorset , England .
MGM - 140 ATACMS The MGM - 140 Army Tactical Missile System ( ATacMS ) is a surface - to - surface missile ( SSM ) manufactured by Lockheed Martin . It has a range of over , with solid propellant , and is high and in diameter . The ATACMS can be fired from MLRS launchers , including the M270 , M270 IPDS , M270A1 , and HIMARS . An ATACMS launch container has a lid patterned with six circles like a standard MLRS rocket lid . The first use of the ATACMS in a combat capability was during Operation Desert Storm , where a total of 32 were fired from the M270 MLRS . During the Operation Iraqi Freedom more than 450 missiles were fired . Variants . MGM - 140A - Block I . Previously M39 , unguided missile contains 950 M74 anti - personnel / anti - materiel ( APAM ) submunition s with a range of . MGM - 140B - Block IA . Previously M39A1 , missile uses GPS / INS guidance , carries 275 M74 submunitions and has a range . MGM - 164 ATacMS - Block II . A Block II variant ( initially designated MGM - 140C or , previously , M39A3 ) was designed to carry a payload of 13 Brilliant Anti - Tank ( BAT ) munitions manufactured by Northrop Grumman . However , in late 2003 the U . S . Army terminated the funding for the BAT - equipped ATACMS and therefore the MGM - 164A never became fully operational . MGM - 168 ATacMS - Block IVA . Originally designated Block IA Unitary ( MGM - 140E ) , the new Block IVA variant was designed to carry a unitary HE warhead instead of the M74 bomblets . It uses the same GPS / INS guidance as the MGM - 140B . The development contract was placed in December 2000 , and flight - testing began in April 2001 . The first production contract was awarded in March 2002 . The range has been increased to some , limited more by the legal provisions of the Missile Technology Control Regime ( MTCR ) than technical considerations .
HMS Conflict ( 1873 ) HMS " Conflict " was a schooner of the Royal Navy , built by John Cuthbert , Millers Point , New South Wales and launched on 11 February 1873 . Royal Navy service . She commenced service on the Australia Station at Sydney in August 1873 for anti - blackbirding operations in the South Pacific . She was part of a punitive mission in 1879 in the New Hebrides . She was paid off in 1882 and sold to Captain Thomas Brown . Mercantile service . " Conflict " left Suva for Levuka on 9 October and was wrecked on a reef midway between the two . There were no casualties and the ship was left stranded upright on the reef , signalling that she needed no assistance . By 12 October Captain Brown had returned to Levuka and reported that " Conflict " was a total loss .
Helge Auleb Helge Arthur Auleb ( 24 March 1887 – 14 March 1964 ) was a German general of infantry , serving during World War II . He was born in Gehren . Auleb commanded the 6 . Infanterie - Division as part of VI . Armeekorps during Operation Typhoon in October 1941 . He received the German Cross in Gold on 26 December 1941 .
Naval Nuclear Propulsion Information Naval Nuclear Propulsion Information ( NNPI ) is a category of intellectual capital defined by the United States Navy to be " classified or unclassified information concerning the design , arrangement , development , manufacture , testing , operation , administration , training , maintenance , and repair of the propulsion plants of naval nuclear - powered ships and prototypes , including the associated shipboard and shore - based nuclear support facilities . . " Not all NNPI is classified information . While most NNPI is sensitive , the Navy recognizes that the public has an interest in environmental , safety , and health information , and that the basic research carried out by the Navy can be useful to industry . Unclassified information is therefore marked with the acronym " U - NNPI " , but is still restricted as NOFORN . NNPI is explicitly protected information and is not released to the general public without authority . Those who release even NNPI - U without authority may be administratively punished , and even criminally in the case of NNPI - C . NNPI is restricted from disclosure under the Arms Export Control Act , 22 USC § § 2778 and 2794 ( 7 ) ; such information is listed in the US Munitions List , 22 CFR § 121 . 1 , Category VI , paragraph ( g ) . In some instances , small events that would normally be reported as " Events " or LOC ( Loss of Control ) to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission from other licensees can be classified as NNPI - C . This designation differs for similar " events " that occur on a secret network , which are referred to as " spillage " .
3rd Battle Squadron ( United Kingdom ) The British Royal Navy 3rd Battle Squadron was a naval squadron consisting of battleship s and other vessels , active from at least 1914 to 1945 . The 3rd Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy ' s Home Fleet . During the First World War , the Home Fleet was renamed the Grand Fleet . During the Second World War , the squadron covered Atlantic convoys . First World War . On 5 August 1914 , the squadron had eight ships : , , , , , , and " Zealandia " . The squadron of eight " King Edward VII " - class pre - dreadnought battleships were nicknamed " the wobbly eight " after their slight tendency to roll under way . The squadron was initially used as part of the Grand Fleet in support of the cruiser s on the Northern Patrol . On 29 April 1916 , the 3rd Battle Squadron was moved to Sheerness from Rosyth and came under the Nore Command in the Thames estuary . The move was intended to make more large ships available for coastal defence duties , after the Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft by German ships on 24 April 1916 . At the time of the Battle of Jutland , the squadron consisted of : was attached , together with the destroyers , , , , and from the 1st Destroyer Flotilla , and and from the 10th Destroyer Flotilla . Essentially made obsolete by the introduction of the revolutionary battleship , and as battleships the world over began mimicking her design , the 3rd Battle Squadron played no role in the Battle of Jutland . The need for accompanying destroyers for these battleships was later given as the reason the Harwich destroyer squadron was also held back and took no part in the Jutland action . Following the loss of " King Edward VII " in January 1916 , " Africa " and " Britannia " served in the Mediterranean 1916 - 1917 . The remaining ships were augmented by " Dreadnought " until March 1918 . The squadron was disbanded on 20 April 1918 . Second World War . At the start of the Second World War , the squadron formed part of the Channel Force and comprised just two ships : Later in the war , the squadron was based at Halifax , Nova Scotia . Rear Admiral , Third Battle Squadron , was responsible for covering Atlantic convoys . RMS " Ascania " — an armed merchant cruiser — was part of the squadron during this period . " Seaborn " — a Fleet Air Arm basewas established at RCAF Station Dartmouth in September 1940 . " Seaborn " was to provide a shore base with administrative and maintenancd facilities for the Swordfish and Walrus aircraft assigned to ships of the Third Battle Squadron . In 1942 , the Third Battle Squadron , now comprising ; In 1945 , the Squadron consisted of two battleships , and the Free French , as well another two escort carriers , four cruisers and six destroyers . Two battleships and escort carriers formed part of the covering force for Operation Dracula , the retaking of Rangoon . Vice - Admiral H . T . C . Walker commanded the squadron at the time .
Kurt Lottner Kurt Lottner ( 30 October 1899 – 15 March 1957 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Kurt Lottner was taken prisoner by British troops in May 1945 and was released in 1947 .
Fortifications of Gothenburg The fortifications of Gothenburg were initially embankments along the newly dug city moat , with construction beginning in 1624 under the leadership of 2 engineers , Captain Johan Schultz ( Schouten ) and Johan Jacobssen Kuyl ( Kuhl ? ) , following a design by chief engineer Johan Rodenburg . The works were based upon the well - established Dutch school of fortification . When Erik Dahlberg took responsibility for Sweden ' s fortifications in 1676 he implemented Karl XI ' s wishes for modern bastion s of high wall construction . The ramparts were lined with walls of blasted rock and the fortified town of Gothenburg developed with 13 polygonal bastions and accompanying moat , ravelin s and 3 city gate s ( Kungsporten ; Nya porten , later re - named Drottningporten ; and Karlsporten / Hållgårdsporten ) . The demolition of the fortifications began in 1807 , and was completed within 10 years . The only surviving piece of bastion is Carolus Rex , on the side of the Lilla Otterhällan hill .
Siege of Kuriyagawa The siege of Kuriyagawa the Siege of Kuriyagawa was a certain battle during the Heian period ( 12th century ) of Japan . This rather minor siege , which was a part of the Zenkunen War , ended with the victory of the Minamoto . Throughout this siege , Abe commander Abe no Sadato ended up being defeated in his stockade fortress of Kuriyagawa . Minamoto no Yoshiie established Tsurugaoka Hachiman - gū within Kamakura to give thanks to his victorious Minamoto allies . References . " The Samurai Sourcebook "
Mateo Pumacahua Mateo García Pumacahua ( September 21 , 1740 – March 17 , 1815 ) was a Peruvian revolutionary that led the Cuzco Rebellion of 1814 in the War of Independence . Biography . Pumacahua was the cacique of Chinchero , brigadier of the militia of the Viceroyalty of Peru , and interim president of the Audiencia of Cuzco . Pumacahua was a member of the Inca nobility of Ayarmaca descent , who also has some Spanish ancestry . Pumacahua helped defeat the rebel army of Túpac Amaru II in 1781 , an event depicted in a mural at the church of Chinchero . Three decades later , despite being in his seventies , Pumacahua led indigenous militias in the expeditions viceroy José Fernando de Abascal sent against the junta of La Paz in Upper Peru during 1811 . Win the battle of Guaqui as coronel of royal Army . Nevertheless , he joined an insurrection of central and southern of viceroyalty of Perú ( Cuzco , Huamanga , Arequipa and Puno ) and start on Cuzco on August 3 , 1814 , demanding the full implementation of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 in Peru . Pumacahua was appointed a member a governing junta . Pumacahua led an army which occupied Arequipa on November 10 . On November 30 , Pumacahua ' s army retreated from Arequipa to the Cuzco and Puno regions . On March 11 , 1815 , Pumacahua and his troops were defeated at battle of Umachiri . He was captured and executed in May by the royal army .
ARA Heroína ( D - 12 ) ARA " Heroína " ( pennant number D - 12 ) is the third ship of the MEKO 360H2 series of four destroyers built for the Argentine Navy . The ship is the third ship in the history of the Argentine Navy to bear the name of the corsair frigate " Heroína " , which claimed the Falkland Islands for the United Provinces of the River Plate on 6 November 1820 . The Argentine Navy struggles to meet maintenance and training requirements because of financial problems and import restrictions . The " Almirante Brown " class are reported to be short of spares and suffering engine problems , plus all their ordnance is past its expiry date . Origin . " Heroína " and her sister ships were authorized under the Naval Construction National Plan of 1974 , an initiative by the Argentine Navy to replace old World War II - vintage warships which were nearing the end of their operational lives . A contract was signed with the Blohm + Voss Shipyards in Hamburg , West Germany for the construction of four MEKO 360H2 destroyers . Construction . " Heroína " was launched on February 17 , 1982 . The ship was delivered to the Argentine Navy on November 7 , 1983 for her sea trials , following which the ship departed for Argentina , arriving at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base on December 21 . Service history . " Heroina " is to enter a major engine and structural overhaul in 2006 , following her sister ship La Argentina . She is currently homeported at Puerto Belgrano as part of the Navy ' s 2nd Destroyer Division , along with her three sister ships .
Chinese Army in India X Force was the name given to the portion of the National Revolutionary Army ' s Chinese Expeditionary Force that retreated from Burma into India in 1942 . Chiang Kai - shek sent troops into Burma from Yunnan in 1942 to assist the British in holding back the Japanese . These Chinese forces became broken up , and in the retreat out of Burma part of these forces entered India . These were cantoned at Ramgarh Cantonment in Bihar ( now in Jharkhand State ) , brought up to three - Division strength ( Chinese 30th , 22nd and 38th Divisions ) , and re - equipped and re - trained by American instructors at British expense . They were named X Force and used by General Joseph Stilwell as the spearhead of his drive to open a land route to China ( the Ledo Road ) . The outstanding Chinese commander in X Force was General Sun Li - Jen , who led the Chinese 38th Division and was praised by the British Fourteenth Army Commander General ( later Field Marshal ) William Slim in his book " Defeat into Victory " . The Chinese forces which re - entered Burma from Yunnan were correspondingly known as Y Force . China Defensive 1942 - 1945 . China Defensive 1942 - 1945 was an essay prepared for the United States Army Center of Military History by Mark D . Sherry .
Polish 152nd Fighter Escadrille The 152 . Fighter Escadrille was a unit of the Polish Air Force at the start of the second world war . In 1939 the unit was attached to the Modlin Army . Equipment . 9 PZL P . 11c and 1 PZL P . 11a airplanes . Air Crew . Commanding officer : kpt . pil . Włodzimierz Łazoryk Deputy Commander : por . pil . Marian Imiela Pilots :
Mahmoud Shokry Mahmoud Shokry ( , , also transliterated as Mahmoud Shukry or Mahmoud Shukri ) , was a chief of staff of the Egyptian Army with the rank of Fariq ( Lt . General ) . He was appointed by King Farouk after the signing of the Anglo - Egyptian Treaty of 1936 which led to the withdrawal of British forces from Egypt . He has a street in the heart of Cairo named after him . In 8 . 7 . 2010 he had an accident and still in coma .
Battle of Vosges ( 58 BC ) The Battle of Vosges was fought between the Germanic tribe of the Suebi under the leadership of Ariovistus against six Roman legions under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar in 58 BC . This encounter is the third major battle of the Gallic Wars . Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine , seeking a home in Gaul . The main Gallic rebellion had not started yet , as it was in 52 BC . Prior to the battle , Caesar and Ariovistus held a parley . Ariovistus ' cavalry cast stones and weapons at the Roman cavalry . Caesar broke off negotiations and instructed his men not to retaliate to prevent the Suebi from claiming they were induced into a trap by their accepting an opportunity to talk . Battle . Caesar led his forces forward in the standard three line formation . Observing that the German left was the weaker part of their line he concentrated his forces there . The Germans attacked in several columns , moving so swiftly that there was no time for the Romans to hurl their pila and battle was fought proximally , with swords . A fierce struggle occurred in which the German left was broken after a stiff fight . On the other flank , the Roman left nearly cracked under severe pressure until reinforced by Publius Licinius Crassus , the son of Marcus Licinius Crassus who later died in action against the Parthians at Carrhae . In command of the reserve cavalry , Crassus had the opportunity to move around the battlefield . Seeing the left wing in peril , Crassus led forward reserves from the third line , which first blunted and then broke the German attack . Overwhelmed on both flanks , the Germanic tribesmen then fled for the Rhine closely pursued by the Romans . This 15 - mile pursuit took a heavy toll on the escaping Suebi . Ariovistus was driven back over the Rhine , which he would never cross again . Aftermath . Caesar had for the moment secured his German border . Caesar did not stop there . He chased them into Germania , building a bridge across the Rhine in only 10 days .
John Vines Lieutenant General John Randolph Vines ( born June 2 , 1949 in Alabama ) is the former commander of the U . S . Army ' s XVIII Airborne Corps and Multi - National Corps - Iraq . Vines previously commanded the 82nd Airborne Division during the U . S . deployment to Afghanistan . He was responsible for tactical combat missions . Subsequently , Vines replaced Lt . Gen . Dan K . McNeill as the commanding general of U . S . and coalition forces in Afghanistan . Career . He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant of Infantry in 1971 through the ROTC program at the University of Alabama . His previous assignments include the 3rd Infantry Division ; U . S . Army Europe and Seventh U . S . Army ; Ranger Department , US Army Infantry Center ; Company Commander and S3 in the 1st Ranger Battalion , 75th Ranger Regiment ; and the original Executive Officer of the 3rd Ranger Battalion , 75th Ranger Regiment at its activation from 1984 until 1987 . Lieutenant General Vines has served in several command and staff assignments within the XVIII Airborne Corps to include joint duty with the Joint Special Operations Command . He served as Commander , 4th Battalion , 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment , during its combat parachute assault in Operation Just Cause and later when the unit was deployed as the first ground combat unit in Operation Desert Shield . His second tour of joint duty with the Joint Special Operations Command included operations in Somalia ; Commander , 2d Brigade , 101st Airborne Division ( Air Assault ) ; Assistant Division Commander for Operations , 82d Airborne Division ; Chief of Staff , XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg ; Chief of Office of Military Cooperations , Cairo , Egypt ; Commander , 82d Airborne Division from August 2000 until October 2002 ; Commander , Coalition Task Force 82 , in Afghanistan from 1 September 2002 until 1 May 2003 ; and then Commander , Combined / Joint Task Force - 180 , Bagram , Afghanistan , until October 2003 ; Commander , Multi - National Corps Iraq in Baghdad from January 2005 until January 2006 . Throughout his career , Vines asked for assignments with Ranger and Airborne units . At the time of his retirement , he was the oldest soldier in the US Army on jump status . Because of his numerous combat commands and his hands - on style , he was considered a role model and a mentor for younger officers . At his retirement ceremony , he was given the accolade , " For the next twenty years , the combat arms commanders will look , act and lead like John Vines . " He holds a BS Degree in Chemistry from the University of Alabama and an MA Degree in National Security and Strategy from the Naval War College . Quotes . " " I must tell you that I believe that the heroic efforts of our men and women in Iraq have helped contribute to the relative peace and security that we enjoy back in the United States , and I believe it ' s because of the efforts of the men and women here , as well as our security forces back in the United States that can be directly attributable to that peace that we do enjoy at home . " " - - September 15 , 2006
164th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 164th Division was a unit of the Wehrmacht in World War II . It was initially created as the 164th Infantry Division in November 1939 and took part in the invasion of Greece in April 1941 . In January 1942 , consolidating Axis seizure of the island during the Battle of Crete , the 164th was reorganized as Fortress Division Kreta ( FDK ) . In August 1942 the division was split to form the smaller Fortress Brigade Kreta and the 164th Light Afrika Division ( ) , with the former remaining in Crete and the latter sent to North Africa . The 164th Light Afrika Division fought at El Alamein and took heavy casualties in the westward retreat . It was sent to Tripoli for rehabilitation , but the necessary resources were not available , so it was sent to Tunisia to build fortifications . It was almost entirely destroyed there , and the remnants were lost in general Axis surrender in May . References . Note : The Web references may require you to follow links to cover the unit ' s entire history .
A Nation Torn A Nation Torn , by Delia Ray , is a child - oriented history of how the American Civil War began . It is in the history series " A Young Reader ' s History of the Civil War " . " A Nation Torn " describes the events from 1861 to the first battle of the Civil War at Charleston Harbor . This book talks about many people , including Henry Clay , Harriet Tubman , John Brown , and Abraham Lincoln .