naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 681 Squadron RAF No . 681 Squadron RAF was a photo - reconnaissance squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . History . It was formed out of No . 3 PRU , at Dum Dum in India on 2 January 1943 , as part of RAF Far East Air Force . Initially it was mostly equipped with Hurricane PR . Mk . II and Spitfire PR . Mk . IV fighters , but there was also a Dutch element in ' C ' flight that operated North American Mitchells , which belonged to the former Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force . The squadron re - equipped with Mosquito PR . IX s in August 1943 , and Spitfire PR . XI s in October . In November 1943 the twin - engined elements were used to form No . 684 Squadron RAF . 681 Squadron , which was now entirely equipped with the Spitfire PR . XI , moved to RAF Alipore , Bengal in May 1944 , and RAF Mingaladon , Burma in June 1945 , receiving Spitfire PR . XIX photo - reconnaissance aircraft in August of that year . The squadron moved to RAF Kai Tak , Hong Kong , in September 1945 , when the war formally ended . Detachments from the squadron however were still located and kept busy at a wide range of airfields across the South - East Asian theatre of operations . The squadron was disbanded by renumbering it to No . 34 Squadron RAF on 1 August 1946 at RAF Palam , Punjab , ( then ) British India .
Rose Woods Rose Woods is a Gettysburg Battlefield forested area that is an American Civil War site of the battle ' s Hood ' s Assault , McLaws ' Assault , and McCandless ' Advance . " Scene of the first line of Union defenses " on the Battle of Gettysburg , Second Day ; the 1st Texas Infantry and 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment s attacked Ward ' s 2nd Brigade line in the woods . The last combat on the Battle of Gettysburg , Third Day , was " " in the early evening . Colonel William McCandless ' s brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves advanced across the Wheatfield into Rose ' s Woods where they managed to inflict heavy losses on the 15th Georgia " " which had failed to retreat to Warfield Ridge after Longstreet ' s Assault . Two days later Timothy H . O ' Sullivan photographed corpses moved for burial to the edge of Rose Woods and which were subsequently reinterred in cemeteries . De Trobriand Avenue and other Military Park roads provide access to the woods ' battlefield monuments , and the woods ' railbed for the 1894 - 1916 Gettysburg Electric Railway is a historic district contributing structure that is now a rail trail . Monuments in the woods include the 1890 Sixty - fourth New York Regiment Monument , and Wheat - field Park in " Wible ' s Grove " was a commemorative era trolley park . The trolley ' s overhead power line broke at Wible ' s Woods in 1900 , and the woods had the postbellum " William Wible ' s Quarry " for Gettysburg Granite ( cf . Rosensteel ' s Quarry north of the Round Top Museum ) . In 2004 , the archeological remains of the former trolley bridge in Rose Woods were named a historic district contributing structure .
USS Mercury ( ID - 3012 ) USS " Mercury " ( ID - 3012 ) was a United States Navy transport ship during World War I . She was formerly the Norddeutscher Lloyd liner SS " Barbarossa " built by Blohm & Voss , Hamburg , Germany , in 1897 , and operated by the North German Lloyd Line . At the outset of World War I the ship was interned by the United States and , when that country entered the conflict in 1917 , was seized and converted to a troop transport . After decommissioning by the U . S . Navy , the ship was turned over to the Army Transport Service and then to the U . S . Shipping Board . She was sold for scrapping in February 1924 . History . SS " Barbarossa " . SS " Barbarossa " was built by Blohm & Voss , Hamburg , Germany , in 1896 , for the North German Lloyd Line . She operated on both North Atlantic crossings and the Bremerhaven - Australia route . With the outbreak of World War I , she took refuge in Hoboken , New Jersey , and was interned by the United States . She was seized when the United States entered the war 6 April 1917 . U . S . Navy transport . Damage inflicted by her crew prior to seizure was repaired and she was commissioned on 3 August 1917 , with Cmdr . H . L . Brinser in command . Shortly after commissioning she was renamed USS " Mercury " . " Mercury " got underway for her first transatlantic troop - ferrying mission on 4 January 1918 . Before the armistice , she had completed seven voyages to France , carrying over 18 , 000 passengers . After the armistice , she reversed the flow of troops , making eight crossings to return more than 20 , 000 to the United States . Postwar service . After completing her last crossing as a U . S . Navy ship on 19 September 1919 , she decommissioned and on 27 September 1919 was turned over to the Army Transport Service for use as an Army transport . The Army in turn transferred her to the U . S . Shipping Board in August 1920 . " Mercury " was chartered by the Baltic SS Corp of America for a proposed service between New York and Danzig , however the service never operated and the ship was returned to the Shipping Board in January 1921 , when she was laid up . She was sold for scrapping in February 1924 .
Battle of Cocherel The Battle of Cocherel was fought on 16 May 1364 between the forces of Charles V of France and the forces of Charles II of Navarre ( known as " Charles the Bad " ) , over the succession to the dukedom of Burgundy . The king of France ' s forces were led by Bertrand du Guesclin , though Jean , Count of Auxerre was the highest - ranking noble present . There were knights from Burgundy ( f . e . Jean de Vienne ) , Breton , Picard , Parisian and Gascon people . The forces of Navarre were commanded by the Gascon chief , Jean de Grailly , Captal de Buch and mainly consisted of 800 to 900 knights and 4000 to 5000 soldiers from Normandy , Gascony and England , including 300 English archers . The Navarrese army was lined up in three battalions . It took up a defensive position , as was standard English tactics , forcing du Guesclin to be the aggressor . The French commander managed to break the defensive formation by attacking and then pretending to retreat , which tempted the enemy from their hill in pursuit . A flank attack by du Guesclin ' s reserve then won the day .
Harold W . Gehman , Jr . Admiral Harold W . Gehman , Jr . is a retired United States Navy four - star admiral who served as NATO ' s Supreme Allied Commander , Atlantic ( SACLANT ) , Commander - in - Chief of the United States Joint Forces Command , one of the United States ' Unified Combatant Command s , and Vice Chief of Naval Operations . He was also the Co - Chairman of the Commission that investigated the terrorist attack on the USS " Cole " and was Chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board ( CAIB ) after the Space Shuttle " Columbia " disintegrated during reentry in 2003 , killing all seven crew members . Military career . Gehman was born in Norfolk , Virginia on October 15 , 1942 and graduated from Pennsylvania State University in 1965 with a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering and a commission in the Navy from the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps . A Surface Warfare Officer , he served at all levels of leadership and command in guided missile destroyer s and cruiser s . During the course of his career , Gehman had five sea commands in ranks from Lieutenant to Rear Admiral . Gehman served in Vietnam as Officer in Charge of a Swift patrol boat and later in Chu Lai as Officer in Charge of a detachment of six swift boats . His staff assignments were both afloat on a Carrier Battle Group staff and ashore on a fleet commander ' s staff , a Unified Commander ' s staff and in Washington , D . C . on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations ( four tours ) . Promoted to four - star Admiral in 1996 , he became the 29th Vice Chief of Naval Operations in September 1996 . As Vice Chief of Naval Operations he was a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , formulated the Navy ' s $ 70 billion budget and developed and implemented policies governing the 375 , 000 people in the Navy . Assigned in September 1997 as Supreme Allied Commander , Atlantic and Commander - in - Chief , United States Atlantic Command ( later changed to Joint Forces Command ) , he became one of NATO ' s two military commanders and assumed command of all forces of all four services in the continental United States and became responsible for the provision of ready forces to the other Unified Commanders in Chief and for the development of new joint doctrine , training and requirements . He retired from the Navy in October 2000 . Post military . In retirement , Gehman has served as chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board , co - chair , with retired general William W . Crouch , of the Department of Defense ' s Cole Commission , on the Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) committee , and is a Senior Fellow of the National Defense University ' s Capstone Program . Personal . Gehman is married to the former Janet F . Johnson and they have two adult children , Katherine and Christopher .
Sarposa prison attack of 2008 The Sarposa Prison attack was a raid on the Sarposa Prison in Kandahar , Afghanistan by Taliban insurgents on June 13 , 2008 . One of the largest attacks by Afghan insurgents , the raid freed 400 - 1000 prisoners . As of 2008 , prison administration was overseen by Abdul Qabir . Followed unrest . In May 2008 , 200 prisoners announced a hunger strike and 47 of the captives physically stitched their mouths shut to protest their conditions . The strike ended when the Afghan parliament agreed to review their detentions ; as some of them had been held for two years without charge , or faced summary trials they felt were unfair . Raid . On June 13 , a tanker truck approached the front gates of the prison at approximately 2100H after nightfall left the area darkened , and detonated explosives contained within itself , killing all Afghan police in the area . A second suicide bomber was alleged to have walked to the back gates of the prison in the confusion , and detonated explosives he was carrying himself although later reports suggested the rear wall had not been breached . Insurgents fired rockets at the prison as the Taliban fighters broke in and a 30 - minute battle began . Over the next thirty minutes , a team of thirty insurgents aboard motorcycles fired AK - 47 s and rocket - propelled grenade s into the prison . Several ran into the prison and began freeing prisoners who fled through the breached walls , and disappeared into nearby pomegranate and grape groves . Outcome . In the end almost all of the prisoners at the facility , more than 1 , 200 men , managed to escape . They were aided by minibuses waiting for them outside the prison during the attack . Some 390 of them were suspected Taliban fighters . Reports of people killed in the attack include : 9 - 16 police officers , 8 prisoners and the 2 suicide bombers . Following reports of the mass - escape , Canadian troops stationed at Kandahar Airfield were deployed to secure the prison and ISAF troops began a door - to - door search through Kandahar seeking escapees . Resulting conflicts . Troops were redeployed into the area following the prison break and have been involved in skirmishes that have , as of June 17 , resulted in 20 Taliban Deaths in Tabin , 16 in Khohak and Arghandab , with 2 Afghan and 4 British soldiers killed in separate incidents , which lead up to the Battle of Arghandab .
Topsham Air Force Station Topsham Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force station . It is located north of Brunswick , Maine . It was closed in 1969 . History . Topsham AFS was initially the headquarters of the Air Defense Command Bangor Air Defense Sector ( BaADS ) , which was activated activated on 8 January 1957 . In 1958 a Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) Data Center ( DC - 05 ) was established at Topsham AFS . The SAGE system was a network linking Air Force ( and later FAA ) General Surveillance Radar stations into a centralized center for Air Defense , intended to provide early warning and response for a Soviet nuclear attack . A GATR site ( R - 25 ) was also constructed at Topsham as part of the 654th Radar Squadron at Brunswick AFS , but was reassigned to the BaADS at Topsham AFS when the 654th RADS was inactivated in 1965 . The BaADS was absorbed by the 36th Air Division , being moved to Topsham from Davis Monthan AFB , Arizona on 1 April 1966 . DC - 02 with its AN / FSQ - 7 computer remained under the 34th AD until it , and the Air Division was inactivated on 30 September 1969 when technology advances allowed the Air Force to shut down many SAGE Data Centers . With the inactivation of the 36th AD , the station and GATR site were closed . The former Topsham AFS is now an annex of the now - closed Naval Air Station Brunswick . The SAGE DC blockhouse was demolished in August 1985 and is now a recreation field .
USS Chimango ( AMc - 42 ) USS " Chimango " ( AMc - 42 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . The first ship to be named " Chimango " by the Navy , " AMC - 42 " was launched 8 March 1941 by Gibbs Gas Engine Co . , Jacksonville , Florida , and commissioned 3 June 1941 , Ensign J . T . G . Nichols , USNR , in command . World War II service . " Chimango " had training at Mine Warfare Base , Yorktown , Virginia , until 26 July 1941 when she rendezvoused with and to sail to Argentia , Newfoundland . From 2 August she operated off this new base laying buoys , taking part in minesweeping exercises , and recovering gear in Placentia Bay , until 5 October when she sailed for Casco Bay , Maine , and sweeping operations and patrols along the Maine coast . She also received aboard daily armed guard parties from merchant ships for instruction . Inservice activities . On 15 June 1942 she was decommissioned but placed in service , and continued to operate on minesweeping and patrol duty at New York and Charleston , South Carolina , until 20 December 1945 . Deactivation . She was transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 21 August 1947 .
Carmel Bernon Harvey , Jr . Carmel Bernon Harvey , Jr . ( October 6 , 1946 – June 21 , 1967 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Harvey joined the Army from his hometown in the Hegewisch community area of Chicago , Illinois in 1965 , and by June 21 , 1967 was serving as a specialist four in Company B , 1st Battalion , 5th Cavalry Regiment , 1st Cavalry Division ( Airmobile ) . During a firefight on that day , in Binh Dinh Province , Republic of Vietnam , an enemy bullet hit and activated a hand grenade attached to Harvey ' s belt . Unable to remove the live device from his belt , he ran towards an enemy machinegun emplacement until the grenade exploded , killing him and momentarily halting the enemy ' s fire . Harvey , aged 20 at his death , was buried in Cedar Park Cemetery , Calumet Park , Illinois . Olive - Harvey College , one of the City Colleges of Chicago is named after him and fellow Medal of Honor recipient Milton L . Olive , III .
Beechcraft XA - 38 Grizzly The Beechcraft XA - 38 Grizzly was a United States ground attack aircraft , fitted with a forward - firing 75 mm cannon to attack heavily armored targets . The first prototype flew on 7 May 1944 but after testing it became obvious it would not be ready for the projected invasion of Japan , and furthermore it used engines required by the B - 29 Superfortress — which had priority - and so it was canceled after two prototypes had been completed . Design and development . The United States Army Air Forces awarded the Beech Aircraft Corporation a contract in December 1942 for two prototypes for their Model 28 " Destroyer " . The requirement was for a powerful ground attack aircraft to replace the Douglas A - 20 Havoc , with the ability to hit " hardened " targets like tank s and bunker s . This capability was achieved through a 75 mm cannon with 20 rounds , mounted in a fixed position on the nose as well as two . 50 cal ( 12 . 7 mm ) M2 Browning machine gun s firing forward . Defensive armament consisted of remotely - controlled ventral and dorsal turrets , each armed with twin . 50 cal ( 12 . 7 mm ) machine guns . There were to be two crew members , a pilot and an observer / gunner in the rear cabin , using periscope sights to aim the guns . Testing . On 7 May 1944 , Beech test pilot Vern Carstens flew the XA - 38 on its maiden flight from the company ' s Wichita airfield . The aircraft proved satisfactory in all respects and better than expected in some , including top speed . During testing , the XA - 38 prototypes were flown by U . S . Army pilots and serviced by military personnel , proving to be reliable and establishing a high level of serviceability . The armament proved especially effective and had it not been for wartime priorities shifting in 1944 , the aircraft would most likely have been ordered in quantity , although the B - 29 had priority for the Wright R - 3350 engines . Instead , one prototype was scrapped and the other , intended for the USAF Museum , had an unknown fate .
Army ranks and insignia of India The following tables present the ranks of the Indian army . These ranks generally correspond with those of Western militaries , and in particular reflect those of the British and Commonwealth armies . Traditional names for ranks are still used , as well as western names . Field marshal . India has a field marshal rank , but it is mostly honorary . It does not currently exist in the army organizational structure ; however , two officers were conferred with this rank , namely the late Field Marshal Manekshaw and the late Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa . A field marshal , unlike other officers , does not draw a pension . He gets the full pay of a general equal to the Chief of the Army Staff until his death . He wears full uniform on all official occasions and runs an office in army headquarters . He also has a dedicated secretariat of his own . Ranks and Insignia . Commissioned officers . Commissioned officers are the leaders of the army and command units anywhere from company to army size . Dress insignia are in gold ( outlined in red for those of two - star rank and higher ) and in silver for field insignia . Junior commissioned officers . Junior commissioned officer s are commissioned as officers from the ranks and are broadly equivalent to senior non - commissioned officers in Western armies . Non - commissioned officers . Non - commissioned officer s ( " NCOs " ) are soldiers promoted to positions of responsibility , and are broadly similar to junior non - commissioned officers in Western armies .
Shelling of Port Gregory On 28 January 1943 , the Japanese submarine I - 165 under the command of Tatenosuke Tosu arrived at a position of about off the small town of Port Gregory in Western Australia . Commander Tatenosuke fired approximately 10 shells towards Port Gregory , causing no damage . While the bombardment was spotted by Australian coast - watchers , Allied naval authorities only learned of the attack when the submarine ' s battle report radio signal was intercepted and decoded a week later . The purpose of this attack was to draw the Allied attention away from the evacuation of Guadalcanal . The attack on Port Gregory was one of three submarine shellings on Australian cities , the other two being Newcastle and Sydney .
Denzil Keelor Denzil Keelor VrC ( born 7 December 1933 ) was a hero of the Indo - Pakistani war . He was honoured with a number of medals including the Veer Chakra , the Param Vishist Sewa Medal , the Keerti Chakra and the Ati Vishist Sewa Medal . He has a younger brother , Trevor , who was also honoured for his service in the Indian Air Force . Both brothers have a Veer Chakra for the same feat of shooting down a Sabre jet . This is the first time two brothers have received Veer Chakras for the same reason . Biography . Denzil Keelor was born on 7 December 1933 and went to school at St . Francis ' College , Lucknow and La Martiniere Lucknow . He joined the Indian Air Force on 6 November 1954 and rose to the rank of Air Marshal . He retired in 1991 . During his retirement he worked as the President of the YMCA for ten years . He is presently the chairman of Special Olympics Bharat . Awards . Denzil Keelor ' s first award was the Veer Chakra in 1965 . The citation reads as follows : On 19th September 1965 , Sqn Ldr Denzil Keelor was providing fighter escort to Mystere aircraft during a strike mission in the operations against Pakistan . His section of four Gnat aircraft was engaged by four enemy Sabre jet aircraft and the battle was fought at a height of less than 2 , 000 feet from the ground where enemy anti - aircraft guns were also active . Under his guidance , his subsection leader shot down a Sabre jet aircraft . Thereafter Sqn Ldr Keelor himself engaged another Sabre jet and crippled it . Throughout the operations , Sqn Ldr Keelor was a source of inspiration to his pilots and ground personnel . His courage and devotion to duty were in the best traditions of the Air Force . For this he was awarded the Vir Chakra . The Sabre kill by Denzil earned the Keelor family a unique distinction . Both the brothers now had Sabres to their credit and both earned the Veer Chakra , making it the first time brothers had won the Veer Chakra for identical feats . In 1978 Keelor was awarded the Kirti Chakra . The citation reads as follows : Gp . Capt . Keelor who had rich and wide combat experience and the destruction of a Sabre aircraft to his credit , was flying a MiG - 21 U trainer on 27 Mar 78 , when due to structural failure the canopy of the aircraft detached and flew off . Gp Capt Keelor felt sudden decompression and loss of control , but managed to fly back to base and execute a safe emergency landing without the canopy . Later on 17 May 78 , during firing trials one of the 23 mm Cannon Shells exploded causing extensive damage and total electrical failure to his aircraft . He successfully executed another safe landing back at his airbase . Denzil Keelor was awarded with the Ati Vishist Sewa Medal on 26 January 1986 and the Param Vishist Sewa Medal on 26 Jan 1989 .
Borrekens Castle Borrekens Castle , known also as Vorselaar Castle or Kasteel de Borrekens , is a castle within the municipality of Vorselaar , in the Belgian province of Antwerp . See also http : / / www . castles . nl / eur / be / bor / bor . html