naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
202nd Air Defense Artillery ( United States ) The 202nd Air Defense Artillery is an antiaircraft regiment of the Illinois Army National Guard . History . On 19 March 1921 , the 6th Illinois Infantry was converted to the 1st Artillery , Coast Artillery Corps . On 13 December 1921 , redesignated as Provisional Battalion , 202nd Artillery ( Antiaircraft ) with six companies . redesignated to the 202nd Artillery Regiment ( Antiaircraft ) , Coast Artillery Corps and on 26 August 1924 , again , to the 202nd Coast Artillery ( Regiment ) ( Antiaircraft ) ( Mobile ) . On 10 September 1943 , the 202nd Coast Artillery Regiment was broken up and re - designated as follows - In January 1957 , HQ & HQ Btry , A , B , and D Batteries , 698th Missile Battalion assumed an active role in the Air Defense of Chicago by taking over two Active Army gun sites on the north side of Chicago . C Battery joined the other three firing batteries , under the operational control of the 45th Artillery Brigade , two months later . Batteries E and F , 1st Battalion , 202nd Air Defense Artillery , were respectively assigned during the 1990s to the 45th Infantry Brigade and the 39th Infantry Brigade . Soldiers from the 1st Battalion , 202nd Air Defense Artillery , deployed to Iceland to take part in the 2001 Northern Viking exercise . A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1 / 4 inches ( 3 . 18 cm ) in height overall consisting of a shield and crest blazoned : ( Shield ) Azure , three piles in point Or , overall a winged projectile palewise wings displayed Gules , that portion on the field fimbriated of the second . Attached below the shield a scroll inscribed “ ARTE ET ARMIS ” in Blue letters . ( Crest ) On a wreath Or and Azure , upon a grassy field the blockhouse of old Fort Dearborn of the first . The shield is blue to indicate the Infantry origin of the Regiment ; the three piles represent the rays of the Artillery searchlights ; the winged projectile is scarlet for Artillery ; and the wings indicate the antiaircraft aspect of the parent organization . The motto translates to “ By Skill and Arms . ” The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 202d Coast Artillery on 31 October 1925 . It was redesignated for the 768th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 31 July 1951 . It was redesignated for the 768th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 19 February 1957 . The insignia was redesignated for the 202d Artillery Regiment on 6 January 1961 . It was redesignated for the 202d Air Defense Artillery Regiment on 6 July 1972 . The insignia was amended to revise the description and symbolism on 21 September 1989 .
William Graham ( colonel ) Colonel William Graham ( 1742 – 1835 ) was militia and political leader from North Carolina during the American Revolution . Graham was born in Augusta County , Virginia , the son of Archibald Graham of Scotland . The younger Graham moved to the Province of North Carolina several years before the American Revolutionary War . There he was one of forty signers of the Tryon Resolves . In 1776 , he served as a delegate from Lincoln County to the North Carolina Provincial Congress . As a colonel of militia , he served under General Griffith Rutherford in the successful expedition against the Cherokees in 1776 . In 1780 , he again led troops under General Rutherford in the Battle of Ramseur ' s Mill . That same year Graham marched with his troops in the expedition that led to the famous Battle of Kings Mountain , but due to an illness in his family , he was not with his men when the battle was fought . Graham is buried in Cleveland County , North Carolina .
Bandolier A bandolier or a bandoleer is a pocketed belt for holding ammunition . It was usually slung sash - style over the shoulder , with the ammunition pockets across the midriff and chest . In its original form , it was common issue to soldiers from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries , and contained either pre - packed chargers , small containers of wood , metal or cloth containing the measured amount of gunpowder for a single shot with a muzzle - loading musket s or other guns , or early forms of cartridge s also containing a ball . It might also carry other accessories for shooting , or grenades . Any bag worn in the same style may also be described as a bandolier bag ; equally ammunition holding pocketed belts worn round the waist may also be called bandoliers . A somewhat different form of the bandolier came into use in the 19th century when it held more modern types of cased cartridges and hand grenades . Bandoliers are now less common due to the use of magazines and belt - fed guns , though extra ammunition belts are often carried around the body like a bandolier . They are , however , still often used with shotguns , as shotgun shells can easily be stored in traditionally - designed bandoliers . In fact , some aftermarket shotgun slings are designed in a similar fashion to traditional bandoliers , albeit with a far more limited capacity . Another modern use of a bandolier is in the automatic rifleman of a military fireteam . Since a squad automatic weapon is often belt - fed , an automatic rifleman will carry an extra belt on his person ; either in a separate compartment or slung over the chest in a bandolier fashion . The bandolier was used to keep ammunition off a soldier ' s hips , as carrying too much weight on the hips can constrain movement and cause difficulty in retrieving the ammunition . In World War I and World War II , bandoliers were issued primarily to riflemen . They were made of cloth , stitched into pockets which held clips of rifle ammunition . Today , bandoliers are commonly used to carry multiple grenade rounds . In civilian use , bandoliers are often worn by hunters and recreational shooters using shotguns . Bandoliers made from spent or dummy rounds are often used in fashion , sometimes in heavy metal and punk subculture s . Today bandoliers see widespread use with sport shooters and hunters alike , as well as limited use in military conflicts .
Vitaly Markovich Primakov Vitaly Markovich Primakov , ( December 3 , 1897 , Semenivka , Chernigov Governorate , Russian Empire – June 12 , 1937 , Moscow , Russian SFSR ) , was Ukrainian Red Army commander , commander of the Red Cossacks corps . Revolution . Primakov was released from exile during February Revolution in 1917 . He became member of Kiev ' s Bolshevik committee . While being a delegate of Second Congress of Soviets in Petrograd he was assigned commander of one of the squadrons participating in the assault on the Winter Palace . Then he led Red Army squadrons during fights with troops of General Krasnov near Gatchina . Civil War . In February 1918 , using cossack troops that crossed over to the communists , he formed regiment of Red Cossacks . In August 1919 , Primakov became commander of the brigade . In October 1919 , he was appointed commander of Eighth Cavalry Division . In October 1920 , Primakov became the commander of First Corps of Red Cossacks . For a successful breach of White Army defense line near Fatezh in November 1919 , he was awarded first Order of the Red Banner . Second Order of the Red Banner was awarded to Primakov for combat near Proskurov . Primakov received the third Order of the Red Banner for fighting Basmachi Revolt in Central Asia . Service after Civil War . In 1923 Primakov graduated Higher Academic Military Courses at RKKA . In 1924 - 25 he was the head of the Highest Cavalry school in Leningrad . In 1925 , he was sent to China to be military advisor of Chinese First National Army . In 1927 , he was appointed military attaché in Afghanistan . In 1929 under disguise of Turkish officer Ragib - bey he led a military operation of Soviet troops to reinstate Amanullah Khan as ruler of Afghanistan . In 1930 he was sent to Japan to become military attaché there . In 1931 - 33 , Primakov was commander of Thirteenth Infantry Corps . In February 1933 he became deputy of commander of North - Caucasian military district . In December 1934 , he was appointed inspector of higher education institutions of Red Army . In January 1935 , he became deputy of commander of Leningrad military district . Arrest and Trial . Primakov was arrested on August 14 , 1936 . He was subjected to torture and pled guilty of being part of Trotskyist Anti - Soviet Military Organization and testified against many Soviet military commanders . He was found guilty and sentenced to death on June 11 , 1937 . Primakov was rehabilitated posthumously in 1957 . Personal life . Primakov was married three times . Once he was married to Oksana Kotsyubynska , the daughter of Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky . Last time in 1930 he married Lilya Brik , longtime love of Vladimir Mayakovsky . Sources . http : / / focus . in . ua / article / 17229 . html http : / / www . knowbysight . info / PPP / 03824 . asp
Stepan Neustroev Stepan Andreevich Neustroev ( Russian : " Степан Андреевич Неустроев " ; 12 August 1922 , Talitsa , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Soviet Union – 26 February 1998 , Sevastopol , Ukraine ) was a Soviet officer , commander of the 1st Battalion in the 756th Regiment of the 150th Rifle Division . His unit stormed the Reichstag . At a young age , Neustroev worked in the local mine as a mechanic . At June 1941 , shortly before the war with Germany , he was conscripted and sent to the Cherkasy Infantry School . Lieutenant Neustroev was dispatched to the front on November , joining the 166th Infantry Division . He was severely wounded in a battle near Gzhatsk . He was wounded again on August 1942 and spent several months in hospital . At April 1943 , Captain Neustroev was appointed commander of the 1st Battalion in the 756th Regiment , a post he held to the end of the war . The Battalion took part in the fighting for Belarus , Poland and the Baltics . On 22 April 1945 , the Battalion reached Berlin . On 30 April at noon , Neustroev ' s men stormed the Reichstag , breaking through the main entrance and clearing the building . The following day , roughly at 03 : 00 , his deputy for political affairs , Lieutenant Alexei Berest , together with two scouts - Mikhail Yegorov and Meliton Kantaria - raised the Victory Banner atop the Reichstag , next to Wilhelm I ' s statue . On 8 May 1946 , Neustroev was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union ( Medal no . 6971 ) . He retired from the army at 1953 , holding the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . From 1957 to 1962 he served in the Internal troops , holding his old rank . He was stationed at Novouralsk .
Archibald Roberts Lieutenant Colonel Archibald E . Roberts was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the U . S . Army on 19 December 1942 and served as a paratrooper in the 11th Airborne Division . In 1959 he served as the information officer for Major General Edwin Walker who was the commander of the 24th Infantry Division in Germany . Roberts wrote and directed the program " Pro Blue " troop information program in 1959 . It was named after the color of some Army maps . General Walker was relieved of command in 1961 after the accusation that he and LTC Roberts had distributed John Birch Society literature to troops under them in that program . Roberts was forced out of the Army after 18 years of service because he made a political speech to the Daughters of the American Revolution . This prevented him from collecting his retirement pay . He successfully sued the Army for reinstatement . Colonel Roberts remained active in right wing political activities for many years after his retirement . This includes many appearances on Denver area talk radio shows . He is the author of " The Most Secret Science " . This book claims that there is ancient science of control of large populations by a small ruling class .
RFA Resurgent ( A280 ) RFA " Resurgent " ( A280 ) was an armament support ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . Built by Scotts of Greenock as " Changchow " , a cargo / passenger liner for the China Navigation Co . Purchased by the Admiralty and chartered out to British India until 1957 when she was converted to an armament store issuing ship and entered RFA service . In 1975 she took part in the Joint Services Expedition to Danger Island ( JSDI ) . Small , rocky , Resurgent Island , which had emerged after the naming of the Three Brothers in the 18th century , was named after the RFA Resurgent which supported the scuba diving scientific research expedition to the area . She served until 1979 , sailing from Rosyth in tow for demolition in Spain on 5 May 1981 .
USS Omaha ( SSN - 692 ) USS " Omaha " ( SSN - 692 ) , a " Los Angeles " - class submarine , was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Omaha , Nebraska . The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton , Connecticut on 31 January 1971 and her keel was laid down on 27 January 1973 . She was launched on 21 February 1976 sponsored by Mrs . Roman L . Hruska , and commissioned on 11 March 1978 , with Commander Ted A . Hamilton in command . " Omaha " was placed in commission in reserve on 7 February 1995 , decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 5 October 1995 and laid up at Bremerton in Washington . She is scheduled to enter the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program on 1 October 2007 . References . This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register and various press releases .
Auster AOP . 6 The Auster AOP . 6 was a British military air observation aircraft produced by Auster Aircraft Limited to replace the numerous wartime Taylorcraft Auster aircraft then in - service . History . The Auster AOP . 6 ( Auster Model K ) was designed as a successor to the Taylorcraft Auster V , it had a strengthened fuselage , increased all - up weight and a 145 hp ( 108 kW ) de Havilland Gipsy Major 7 engine . It had a different appearance to the wartime Austers due to the lengthened landing gear struts ( due to the larger propeller ) , and external non - retractable aerofoil flaps . An initial production run of 296 were completed for the Royal Air Force in 1949 . A second batch was produced from 1952 with a total delivered of around 400 . Some aircraft ordered by the Royal Air Force aircraft were diverted to the Belgian Air Force ( 22 ) and the Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force ( 2 ) . New aircraft were delivered to Royal Canadian Air Force , South African Air Force , and the Arab Legion Air Force ( Jordan ) . A dual - control training version of the AOP . 6 was produced , 77 serving as the Auster T . 7 ( Auster Model Q ) . In 1955 two T . 7 aircraft were modified for use on the 1956 Commonwealth Trans - Antarctic Expedition , being designated Auster Antarctic ( Auster Model C4 ) . The aircraft had extra radio equipment , larger tail surfaces , the ability to be fitted with floats or skis as required and a bright orange finish to aid visibility . The aircraft was gradually replaced with the Auster AOP . 9 from 1955 and surplus aircraft were converted to civilian use , first as the Auster 6A and later as the Beagle A . 61 Terrier . Specifications ( AOP . 6 ) . " Data from Green " :
Battle of Cumae The Battle of Cumae was a naval battle in 474 BC between the combined navies of Syracuse and Cumae and the Etruscans . Hiero I of Syracuse allied with Aristodemus , the tyrant of Cumae , to defend against Etruscan expansion into southern Italy . In 474 they met and defeated the Etruscan fleet at Cumae in the Bay of Naples . After their defeat , the Etruscans lost much of their political influence in Italy . They lost control of the sea and their territories were eventually taken over by the Romans , Samnites , and Gauls . The Syracusans dedicated a captured Etruscan helmet at the great panhellenic sanctuary at Olympia , a piece of armour found in the German excavations there . The Etruscans would later join the failed Athenian expedition against Syracuse in 415 BC , which contributed even further to their decline .
4th Mixed Brigade ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The 4th Mixed Brigade of the Imperial Japanese Army was a detachment from the 8th Division , in November 1931 to Heilongjiang province to reinforce the Invasion of Manchuria . It participated in the capture of Harbin in February 1932 . It rejoined its parent unit when the 8th Division came to Manchuria later that year .
Bombing of Romania in World War II The bombing of Romania in World War II comprised two series of events : until August 1944 , Allied operations , and , following the overthrow of Ion Antonescu ' s dictatorship , operations by Nazi Germany . The primary target of Allied operations was Ploiești , the major site of Romania ' s oil industry . The largest refinery there — Astra Română — processed of petroleum a year , providing much of the fuel for the German military . Other attacks were against Bucharest , the country ' s capital . 1941 . First airstrikes to Romania occurred after it entered the World War II in June 1941 against the Soviet Union . In the following two months , Soviet Air Forces conducted several attacks against King Carol I Bridge , destroying one of its spans and damaging an oil pipeline ; see Zveno project . Also , Soviet Navy shelled some littoral installations such as the oil refinery in Constanța . However , after the successful Axis powers ' Crimean Campaign and overall deterioration of the Soviet position , Soviet attacks against Romania ceased . 1942 – 1943 . The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) first dropped bombs on Romania on 12 June 1942 during the HALPRO ( Halverson project ) raid against Ploiești ( the first U . S . mission against a European target ) . Thirteen B - 24 Liberator heavy bombers under the command of Col . Harry A . Halverson from Fayid , Egypt dropped eight bombs into the Black Sea , two onto Constanţa , six onto Ploieşti , six onto Teișani , and several onto Ciofliceni . In all , three people were killed and damage was minor . The bombing of Ploiești on 1 August 1943 ( Operation " Tidal Wave " ) was a far more serious affair . " Tidal Wave " heavily damaged four refineries and more lightly affected three ; it damaged the Ploiești rail station but did not have much impact on the city itself . Câmpina was more severely damaged . 660 American aircrew were killed or captured , while petroleum exports exceeded pre - Tidal Wave levels by October . 1944 . Anglo - American bombers first attacked Bucharest on 4 April 1944 , aiming mainly to interrupt military transports from Romania to the Eastern Front . Lasting for two hours , the operation destroyed hundreds of buildings and killed or injured over 5 , 000 people according to unofficial statistics . Following King Mihai I ' s 23 August coup against Antonescu , the " Luftwaffe " retaliated from 23 – 25 August , and destroyed several buildings in Bucharest until their base just north of the city in Otopeni was itself bombed by the USAAF and RAF .
Van Tien Dung Văn Tiến Dũng ( 2 May 1917 – 17 March 2002 ) , born Co Nhue commune , Tu Liem district , Hanoi , was a Vietnamese general in the People ' s Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) , PAVN chief of staff ( 1954 – 1974 ) ; PAVN commander in chief ( 1974 – 1980 ) ; and Socialist Republic of Vietnam defense minister ( 1980 – 1986 ) . He was the only member of North Vietnam ' s political elite who was of peasant origin . He joined the communist Lao Dong Party in 1936 , escaped from a French prison in 1944 , and fought against the Japanese occupation force during the Second World War . August 1945 , he directed the armed forces to seize power in the province of Hoa Binh , Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa . During the First Indochina War , Dũng rose to become General Võ Nguyên Giáp ' s chief of staff during the victorious siege of Điện Biên Phủ in 1954 . For the next twenty years , his military reputation in North Vietnam was second only to Giáp ' s . He commanded the vital Tri - Thien - Hue Front during the 1972 Easter Offensive , replacing his mentor as PAVN commander in chief in 1974 , when the Vietnam War against the Americans and South Vietnamese evolved from a guerrilla struggle to more conventional forms . Dũng planned and commanded the 1975 Spring Offensive , the final PAVN offensive that defeated South Vietnamese defenses and captured Saigon in 1975 . He also directed Vietnam ' s invasion of Democratic Kampuchea ( Khmer Rouge Cambodia ) and the resulting border conflict with the People ' s Republic of China in 1979 . He was appointed defense minister in 1980 , but was removed from office during a shakeup in the Politburo in 1986 .
Battle of Sappony Church The Battle of Sappony Church was an engagement of the American Civil War , between the Confederate States of America and the Union , which took place on June 28 , 1864 , during the Wilson - Kautz Raid of the Richmond – Petersburg Campaign . Background . Petersburg , Virginia , was the supply center for the Confederate capital of Richmond , and was under siege by Union forces under the command of Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant . Petersburg was supplied by rail along three remaining lines , the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad ; the South Side Railroad , which reached to Lynchburg in the west ; and the Weldon Railroad , also called the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad , which led to Weldon , North Carolina , and the Confederacy ' s only remaining major port , Wilmington , North Carolina . On June 22 , Grant dispatched a 3 , 300 strong cavalry unit under the command of Brig . Gens . James H . Wilson and August V . Kautz to cut the rail lines . This led to a series of raids that destroyed of rail track and culminated in the Battle of Staunton River Bridge on June 25 , where the raiders were defeated and began a retreat back to Union positions . Since the outset of the raid , the Union force had been pursued by Confederate Maj . Gen . W . H . F . " Rooney " Lee . Lee ' s forces had finally been able to catch up to the Union cavalry at Staunton Bridge , and had attacked them in the rear and then continued to pursue them as they retired to Union lines . Battle . On June 28 , the Union cavalry crossed the Nottoway River and reached the Stony Creek Depot on the Weldon Railroad . Here , they were attack by Confederate Maj . Gen . Wade Hampton and his cavalry division . During the resulting battle , Lee arrived on the field with his own forces and attacked the Union raiders . By nightfall , Kautz and Wilson ordered their forces to fall back in an attempt to reach Reams Railway Station to the north . During the retreat , a large number of slaves who had been accompanying the Union forces were left behind .
Christopher C . Bruton Christopher C . Bruton ( or Braton ) ( born 1840 or 1841 – unknown ) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Waynesboro , Virginia fought on March 2 , 1865 . It was the final battle for Confederate Lt . Gen . Jubal Early , whose force was destroyed . Bruton enlisted in the Army from Riga , New York in January 1864 , and was commissioned as an officer two months later . He mustered out with his regiment in August 1865 . Medal of Honor citation . " The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Captain ( Cavalry ) Christopher C . Bruton , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism on 2 March 1865 , while serving with Company C , 22d New York Cavalry , in action at Waynesboro , Virginia , for capture of General Early ' s headquarters flag , Confederate national standard . " The Medal was awarded on March 26 , 1865 . Colonel Hartwell B . Compson of the 8th New York Cavalry is also credited with the capture of this flag . The captured flag was a Confederate Second National flag measuring 4 ’ x 6 ’ and was presented by Compson to the Secretary of War . The Federal government returned the flag to Virginia in 1906 . It is in the possession of The Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond . Nothing is known of Bruton after the Civil War . It is believed that he died from disease in Texas in the 1870s of 1880 ' s .