naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fort Gaines ( Alabama ) Fort Gaines is an historic fort on Dauphin Island , Alabama , United States . It was named for Edmund Pendleton Gaines . Established in 1821 , it is best known for its role in the Battle of Mobile Bay during the American Civil War . Exhibits include the huge anchor from the USS " Hartford " , Admiral David Farragut ' s flagship on which he gave his world famous command , " Damn the torpedoes – full speed ahead ! " The fort also has the original cannons used in the battle , five pre - Civil War brick buildings in the interior courtyard , operational blacksmith shop and kitchens , tunnel systems to the fortified corner bastions , and similar features . A museum details the history of this period , as well as the French colonial presence beginning in the late 17th century . The fort was partially modernized for the Spanish - American War . It is a tourist destination with tours and historical reenactment events . The site is considered to be one of the nation ' s best - preserved Civil War era masonry forts and has been nominated for listing as a National Historic Landmark . Significant masonry damages have been sustained during hurricanes and tropical storms in the past decade . Though these damages have been largely repaired , the fort continues to be under threat from erosion . The fort sits on east end of Dauphin Island , only meters from the Gulf of Mexico . Ongoing erosional losses of sand dunes and beach total up to 10 feet per year . For these reasons , the Civil War Preservation Trust placed Fort Gaines on its " History Under Siege " listing on March 18 , 2009 . The listing identifies the ten most endangered Civil War battlefields in the United States . Additionally it was placed on the list of America ' s 11 Most Endangered Historic Places by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 2011 . Popular culture . Fort Gaines was the setting for one episode of MTV ' s Fear .
USS Elk ( IX - 115 ) USS " Elk " ( IX - 115 ) , an " Armadillo " - class tanker designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the elk , a large deer of the northern forests of Europe , Asia , and North America . Her keel was laid down by California Shipbuilding Corporation , in Wilmington , California , as " William Winter " for the Maritime Commission . She was launched on 6 November 1943 sponsored by Mrs . H . H . Hall , delivered direct to the Navy 26 November 1943 , and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant W . T . Stannard , USNR , in command . " Elk " sailed from San Pedro , California , on 12 January 1944 for Kwajalein where she served from 19 February to 19 April as station tanker to fuel ships in the assault and occupation of the Marshall Islands . Mooring to Majuro , she fueled combatant ships at this base until June , then carried petroleum products between Majuro , Kwajalein , and Eniwetok to support the Marianas operation . From 26 June she was based again on Majuro , providing fuel for destroyers of the Security Patrol who guarded the waters around the bypassed , enemy - held islands of Wotje , Mili , and Jaluit . After a fueling assignment at Tarawa in September 1944 , " Elk " reported to the advance fleet base at Ulithi on 15 October and there began the vital task of fueling the ships of the fast - moving Third Fleet and Fifth Fleet for their far - ranging air and surface strikes against Japanese bases . In April 1945 she arrived at Okinawa to fuel the destroyer s of the radar picket line . When hostilities ceased , " Elk " was at Leyte preparing to sail with a convoy to Okinawa . In September she arrived at Sasebo , Japan , to serve in the occupation . " Elk " returned to the United States in early 1946 , was decommissioned at Norfolk , Virginia , on 17 May 1946 , and reverted to the Maritime Commission 20 May 1946 . " Elk " received one battle star for World War II service .
Risaldar Risaldar ( often called ressaidar in the British Indian Army ) , meaning the commander of a " risala " ( mounted troop ) in Persian , is a mid - level rank in cavalry and armour ed units of the Indian Army . Risaldars generally command squadrons . The Indian Army has a unique set of ranks , which stand between non - commissioned officer s and commissioned officer s . During the British Raj , they were known as Viceroy ' s commissioned officer s , but since the Indian independence movement , they have been called junior commissioned officer s . A risaldar ranks above a naib risaldar ( called a jemadar in the British Indian Army ) and below a risaldar major . In other arms ( such as infantry ) the equivalent is a subedar .
Battle of Donkey Island The Battle of Donkey Island was a skirmish that occurred on 30 June and 1 July 2007 between elements of the U . S . Army Task Force 1 - 77 Armor Regiment , the 2nd Battalion 5th Marines and a numerically superior force of al - Qaeda in Iraq insurgents on the banks of a canal leading from Ramadi to Lake Habbaniyah in the Anbar Governorate of Iraq . Official reports of the clash indicate that the U . S . force suffered 2 soldiers dead and 11 wounded , while an estimated 32 insurgents were killed ( out of an estimated force of 40 – 70 fighters ) . From a military perspective , the battle was a complete victory for the U . S . forces , which detected and defeated an insurgent force before it could launch a planned assault on Ramadi . From a political perspective , the action revealed the continuing ability of al - Qaeda in Iraq to plan and assemble forces in their attempt to destabilize the Anbar region . Battle . On the night of 30 June 2007 , a routine patrol on the outskirts of Ramadi revealed the presence of a company - sized element of insurgent forces . Partially hidden behind two trucks , the insurgents began firing on the reconnaissance group , forcing them to retreat to nearby cover and calling for backup forces . A platoon - sized element arrived a short while later to reinforce the American patrol . Although outnumbered , the U . S . force brought superior firepower to bear and eventually began to shift the tide of battle . With continuing ground fire , and later with air support , the American troops killed more than 30 insurgents and managed to destroy their two trucks carrying large quantities of weapons and ammunition before calm took over early in the morning . On 1 July , the insurgent fighters resumed the battle by ambushing elements of the U . S . Army , resulting in a quick firefight which ended the battle . In the following days , follow - up missions were conducted by the U . S . Army and the U . S . Marines on both sides of the canal to ensure all insurgent forces were eliminated .
Operation Medina Operation Medina was a search and destroy operation conducted in the Hai Lang Forest Reserve of South Vietnam in the autumn of 1967 during the Vietnam War . Conducted by the First and Second battalions of the First Marine Regiment , the First Battalion of the Third Marine Regiment , and two battalions of the First ARVN Division , the objective of the operation was to locate and annihilate any North Vietnamese ( NVA ) forces found in the forest reserve . One specific enemy base that the Marines sought to eliminate was known as Base Area 101 . Base Area 101 was an NVA staging area , a place where the NVA felt safe enough to build up personnel and supplies . The base was a launching point for attacks by the Fifth and Sixth NVA Regiments against the possible Marine bases at Con Thien , Khe Sahn , Dong Ha and Phu Bai . Operation Medina began on 10 October 1967 and ended on 20 October . The operation obtained partial success . Even though the NVA were not driven out of the Hai Lang Forest Reserve , significant losses were inflicted upon them by the Marine and ARVN forces . The Marines and Navy Corpsmen of Charlie Company 1st Marines , 1st Marine Division are the subject of " Lions of Medina " , an award winning and critically acclaimed book by historian Doyle Glass .
Battle of Naulochus The naval Battle of Naulochus was fought on 3 September 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , off Naulochus , Sicily . The victory of Agrippa , admiral of Octavian , marked the end of the Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate . Background . After the strengthening of the bond between Octavian and Mark Antony with the Pact of Brundisium , the two triumvirs had to manage the menace of Sextus Pompey , son of Pompey . Sextus had occupied the province of Sicily , which provided much of Rome ' s grain supply . When Sextus had managed to bring Rome to famine , in 39 BC , Octavian and Antony sought an alliance with him , appointing him governor of Sicily , Sardinia , and the Peloponnese for five years ( Treaty of Misenum ) . The alliance was short - lived , and Sextus cut the grain supply to Rome . Octavian tried to invade Sicily in 38 BC , but his ships were forced to go back because of bad weather . Agrippa cut through part of the Via Ercolana and dug a channel to connect Lake Lucrinus to the sea , in order to change it into a harbour , which was named Portus Iulius . The new harbour was used to train the ships for naval battles . A new fleet was built , with 20 , 000 oarsmen gathered by freeing slaves . The new ships were built much larger , in order to carry many more naval infantry units , which were being trained at the same time . Furthermore , Antony lent Octavian 120 ships under the command of Titus Statilius Taurus , for which Octavian was to give him 20 , 000 infantry to be recruited from northern Italy . While Antony kept his part of the bargain , Octavian did not . In July 36 BC the two fleets sailed from Italy , and another fleet , provided by the third triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , sailed from Africa , to attack Sextus ' stronghold in Sicily . In August , Agrippa was able to defeat Sextus in a naval battle near Mylae ( modern Milazzo ) ; that same month Octavian was defeated and seriously wounded in a battle near Taormina . Battle . In front of Naulochus promontory , Agrippa met Sextus ' fleet . Both fleets were composed of 300 ships , all with artillery , but Agrippa commanded heavier units , armed with the " harpax " , a newer version of the " corvus " . Agrippa used his new weapon to great effect , succeeding in blocking the more maneuverable ships of Sextus and , after a long and bloody fight , in defeating his enemy . Agrippa lost three ships , while 28 ships of Sextus were sunk , 17 fled , and the others were burnt or captured . Aftermath . After seven years , Sicily was finally wrested from the control of the resourceful Sextus , whose large navy had created many problems for the second triumvirate . Sextus reached Messina with 7 ships and moved to Mytilene , then from there to the East , where he was defeated in 35 BC by Antony . Octavian and Lepidus defeated the last Pompeian resistance in Sicily . Later , after a good amount of intrigue , Octavian was able to strip Lepidus of his political and military power and become the sole ruler of the west .
Werner Fürbringer Werner " Fips " Fürbringer ( 1888 – 1982 ) was a successful German U - boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I , sinking 101 ships . He was present on , but left prior to the " U - 20 " s sinking of in 1915 . He exclusively commanded small , coastal U - boats , starting with in February 1915 . He went on to command six subsequent UB and UC - type boats , during which time he was awarded the Iron Cross , Second and First class . His last command was , which was depth - charged and rammed by on July 19 , 1918 . Twenty - one of the 34 crew were killed , and Fürbringer was captured . He spent the rest of the war as a British prisoner of war .
Fort Halifax ( Maine ) Fort Halifax was a U . S . colonial outpost on the Kennebec River at modern - day Winslow , Maine . It is a National Historic Landmark . History . Fort Richmond ( Maine ) would be rebuilt in 1740 , attacked by another tribe in 1750 , then dismantled in 1755 when forts Shirley ( also called Frankfort ) , Western and Halifax were built upriver . Fort Halifax was a fort on the north bank of the Sebasticook River . Its blockhouse , which survives , is the oldest blockhouse in the United States . ( The oldest blockhouse in North America is Fort Edward ) . It was part of a garrison built by the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1754 - 1755 at the outset of the French and Indian War . On July 25 , 1754 , Major General John Winslow arrived with a force of 600 soldiers to establish the fort at the confluence of the Kennebec River with the Sebasticook River . The palisade d defense was intended to prevent Canadiens and their Native American allies from using the Kennebec River valley as a route to attack English settlements . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968 . On April 1 , 1987 , a flood dismantled the blockhouse . Some logs from it were found as far south as forty miles . The fort was reconstructed on the original site , with as much of the original materials as were recovered . References . Endnotes Texts
Middelgrundsfortet Middelgrundsfortet is a sea fort located in the Øresund between Copenhagen and Malmö . It was constructed 1890 – 94 as a part of Copenhagen ' s sea - fortifications , partly from material excavated from Frihavnen . It is one of three artificial islands that were created to defend the entrance to Copenhagen ' s harbor . ( The other two are Flakfortet and Trekroner Fort . ) Middelgrundsfortet was the largest sea fortress in the world , and is still the largest man - made island without abutment , with an area , including wave breakers , of approximately 70 000 m² ; the buildings total approximately 15 000 m² . A HAWK battery was placed on the island . Until 1984 the fortress was a military area ; in 2002 it was sold to a private investor . The fortress is constructed at a seabed 7 meter below the water surface , at the northern meeting point of the straits Kongedybet and Hollænderdybet . Ferries connect Middelgrundsfortet with Langelinie , Copenhagen .
Expansion operations and planning of the Axis Powers Planning for global territorial expansion of the Axis Powers ; Germany , Italy and Japan , progressed before and during the Second World War . This included some special strike plans against the Allied nations ( with similar intentions to the James Doolittle raid special Allied Strike ) . Operational plans of Japan . Listed below are operations and invasion plans of the Japanese Empire from 1929 - 1942 :
161 Squadron ( Israel ) The 161 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force , also known as the Black Snake Squadron , operates an Unmanned Elbit Hermes 450 and based at Palmahim airbase . Was an MD 500 Defender and than AH - 1E / F Cobra helicopter squadron under the name Northern Cobra Squadron
Lieutenant - General ( United Kingdom ) Lieutenant - General ( Lt - Gen ) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines , although the highest - ranking officer in the Royal Marines at present is Major General . It has a NATO code of OF - 8 , and is the equivalent of a multinational 3 star rank ; some British lieutenant - generals sometimes wear 3 star insignia , in addition to their standard insignia , when on multinational operations . Lieutenant - General is a superior rank to Major - General , but subordinate to a full General . The rank has a NATO rank code of OF - 8 , equivalent to a Vice - Admiral in the Royal Navy and an Air Marshal in the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries . The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton . Since the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II , the St Edward ' s Crown , commonly known as the Queen ' s Crown , has been depicted . Prior to 1953 , the Tudor Crown , commonly known as the King ' s Crown was used . British Army usage . Ordinarily , lieutenant - general is the rank held by the officer in command of an entire battlefield corps . The General Officer Commanding NATO ' s Allied Rapid Reaction Corps is a British lieutenant - general . Historically , I Corps and II Corps were commanded by British lieutenant - generals . Additionally , two lieutenant - general appointments also exist within the extant British Army ' s HQ Land Forces . They are the commander of the Field Army and the commander of Regional Forces . The current Adjutant - General to the Forces and the Chief of Materiel ( Land ) in Defence Equipment and Support ( double - hatted as the Quartermaster - General to the Forces ) also hold the rank . Royal Marines usage . Although the senior appointment in the Royal Marines , the Commandant General , has held the lower rank of major - general since 1996 , prior to this date the Commandant General was a lieutenant - general or full general . However , as a few more senior positions in the British Armed Forces are open to officers from different services , Royal Marines officers can and do still sometime reach the rank of lieutenant - general . Lieutenant - General Sir Robert Fry was such an example . Royal Air Force usage . From 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919 , the Royal Air Force maintained the rank of Lieutenant - General . It was superseded by the rank of Air Marshal on the following day . Although Sir David Henderson was an RAF Lieutenant - General , the then RAF Chief - of - Staff , Sir Hugh Trenchard never held this rank . Additionally , the retired Royal Navy admiral , John de Mestre Hutchison , held an honorary RAF commission in the rank of lieutenant - general . The RAF lieutenant - general rank insignia was similar to the naval rank insignia for a vice - admiral , with a broad band of gold being worn on the cuff with two narrower bands above it . Unlike the naval insignia the RAF lieutenant - general insignia did not have an executive curl .
INA Model 953 The INA Model 953 is Brazilian submachine gun - a modified Madsen M / 50 . It was manufactured by the Industria National de Armas S . A . in São Paulo Brazil under license for Madsen . Production began in 1950 . The first Model was marked M . B . - 50 and was manufactured till 1953 and was marked with a large Brazilian crest . In late 1953 the Model 1953 was introduced . Improvements on the 1953 model were a larger magazine housing and a metal loop riveted to the lower right side of the magazine housing . The loop could then hold the magazine housing together . Also the retracting handle was changed on the Model 953 to the right side instead of the top as was the buffer spring and the shape of the extractor , ejector and the firing pin . The INA Model 53 is made of stamped sheet metal . It ' s an open bolt design which means it fires when the bolt is in the locked back open position with a fixed firing pin . The firearm is stamped from 2 pieces of sheet metal which are shaped with integral rear pistol grip and magazine housing . The two pieces fit together like a clam shell with the hinge at the rear of the pistol grip . It splits in half right down the middle of the top and bottom of the receiver . The entire firearm is held together with a barrel locking nut which is threaded onto the fore section of the two receiver halves . The folding stock is made of tubular steel and it folds onto the right side of the firearm . The Model 953 fires in full auto only and it also has a unique feature , a safety lever in front of the forward magazine housing . To fire the Model 953 you must grip the magazine housing and hold down the safety lever . Revolutionary Carlos Marighella recommended this as the " " ideal submachine gun for the urban guerrilla " " in his " Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla "
USS Silica ( IX - 151 ) USS " Silica " ( IX - 151 ) , a designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for silica . Her keel was laid down as SS " Bauxite " ( T . B7 - D1 , MC hull 1331 ) on 5 December 1943 by Barrett & Hilp , Belair Shipyard , San Francisco , California . She was launched on 31 December 1943 sponsored by Mrs . William O ' Neill , and acquired by the Navy and commissioned on 8 June 1944 with Lieutenant Ormond A . Seavey , USNR , in command . Service history . World War II , 1944 – 1945 . " Silica " was acquired for use as a store ship to be used to provide general supplies at advance bases . She was assigned to Service Squadron 8 , Service Force , Pacific Fleet . On 30 June , " Gulf Star " took her in tow at San Francisco and departed for Pearl Harbor , arriving on 13 July . Three days later , the barge was towed to Eniwetok . towed her from there to Ulithi where she remained from 16 October 1944 to 7 May 1945 . towed her to the Philippine Islands where she remained until August when she was towed to Okinawa . Wrecked by a typhoon . " Silica " was driven aground in Buckner Bay on 9 October 1945 by Typhoon Louise . A Board of Inquiry found her damaged beyond economical repair and recommended that she be destroyed or sunk in deep water . " Silica " was decommissioned on 30 November 1945 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 January 1946 .
James G . Snitzer James George Snitzer ( 1926 – 22 March 1945 ) , also known as Jimmy Snitzer , was an American film actor . He was killed while serving with the United States Army in 1945 . Life . James G . Snitzer was born in Ohio 1926 to Louis A . Snitzer and Marie Donahue Snitzer . During his youth the Snitzer family lived in Cincinnati . The Snitzers eventually relocated to California and developed strong connections to the Hollywood film industry . His father Louis was a Hollywood agent , who represented such clients as actor Buster Crabbe , and his sister Miriam Snitzer was a film actress . Before his enlistment in the military , Snitzer played numerous youthful film roles . The Snitzer family resided on Benedict Canyon Road in Beverly Hills , California . Snitzer enlisted in the United States Army during the Second World War . In 1944 he was deployed to Europe as a member of the U . S . Army , 413rd Infantry Regiment , 104th Infantry Division He reached the rank of Private First Class and had the service number 19203598 . Snitzer was killed in action in Asbach , Germany on 22 March 1945 . Snitzer was survived by his parents , a sister and a brother . He is buried at the Henri - Chapelle American Cemetery and Memorial in Henri - Chapelle , Belgium . He was posthumously awarded the Purple Heart .
Siege of Naples ( 536 ) The Siege of Naples in 536 was a successful siege of Naples by the Byzantines under Belisarius during the Gothic War . The Byzantine army under Belisarius , having subdued Sicily with ease , landed on mainland Italy in late spring 536 , and advanced along the coast on Naples . The citizens of Naples , roused by two orators , decided to resist . The siege dragged on for twenty days with numerous Byzantine casualties , and Belisarius was preparing to abandon it when his soldiers discovered an entrance into the city through the disused aqueduct . After giving the city a final chance to surrender , Belisarius launched his troops in a brutal sack . The Ostrogothic garrison of 800 men was taken prisoner and treated well , but the citizens suffered greatly at the hands of the Byzantine troops , and especially their Hunnic mercenaries . From Naples , the Byzantines marched on to Rome , which they entered in early December .