naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Defense Language Office The Defense Language Office is an office within the United States Department of Defense . It was established in May 2005 , within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense ( Personnel and Readiness ) . It was created by the Fiscal Year 2005 National Defense Authorization Act , which accompanied the House Report 108 - 491 , " to provide oversight and execution of the Defense Language Transformation Roadmap . " According to the report , the Defense Language Office will : " Ensure a strategic focus on meeting present and future requirements for language and regional expertise among military personnel and civilian employees of the Department . This office should establish and oversee policy regarding the development , management , and utilization of civilian employees as well as members of the armed forces ; monitor the promotion , accession and retention of individuals with these critical skills ; explore innovative concepts to expand capabilities ; and establish policies to identify , track , and maximize the use to meet requirements for language and regional expertise . " On February 6 , 2012 , the Defense Language Office and the National Security Education Program were merged to form the Defense Language and National Security Education Office .
Mirosław Ferić Mirosław Ferić or Ferič ( June 17 , 1915 - February 14 , 1942 ) , was a Polish fighter pilot of Croat origin , a flying ace of World War II . Early life . Ferić was born in Travnik in Bosnia and Herzegovina , his father was Croatian ( who died during World War I ) , and his mother was Polish . In 1919 his family moved to Poland . He graduated in 1938 from a cadet flying school in Dęblin as a fighter pilot , and served with fighter escadre No . 111 with a rank of " podporucznik pilot " ( 2nd Lt . pilot ) . War service . During the Invasion of Poland in 1939 , he served with Escadre No . 111 , assigned to the Pursuit Brigade ( " Brygada Poscigowa " ) and defending the Warsaw area . On 3 September his PZL P . 11 c fighter was damaged in combat but he successfully bailed out . During the campaign he shot down a Hs 126 on 8 September as a ' shared ' victory ( other sources also credit him with a Bf 110 shared with others , but this victory was not officially credited ) . On 17 September he and other pilots were ordered to evacuate to Romania . There he was interned , but escaped and travelled to France by sea . After training on French aircraft , he was assigned to a flight commanded by Kazimierz Kuzian flying Morane MS - 406 fighters protecting aircraft works around Nantes . However , Ferić saw no air combat . After the fall of France , Ferić evacuated in June 1940 to Great Britain . After advanced training at an RAF OTU he was assigned to the newly formed Polish No . 303 Polish Fighter Squadron , based at RAF Northolt flying Hawker Hurricane s and entering service in the Battle of Britain on 31 August 1940 . On his first day of combat he shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 109 . On 2 September he probably shot down another one , but his plane was damaged and he made a forced landing . On 6 September he shot down another Bf 109 , and on 15 September a Bf 109 and Bf 110 . On 27 September he shot down a Bf 109 and a Heinkel He 111 , and on 5 October a Bf 109 . After an operational break the squadron was back in combat in January 1941 , flying Supermarine Spitfire s on missions over France . On 22 June during a bomber escort he shot down a Bf 109 , and on 27 June damaged another . In October he was sent to a six - month rest tour to an Operational Training Unit as an instructor , but after three months he volunteered to return to a combat posting . Ferić returned to No . 303 Squadron in January 1942 . On 14 February , he was killed at RAF Northolt after his Spitfire ( BL432 ) broke up at and the resulting G - forces as the aircraft corkscrewed held him inside and prevented him bailing out . Mirosław Ferić was the 11th ranked Polish fighter ace with 8 and 2 / 3 confirmed kills and 1 probable kill . From September 1939 he had kept a personal diary , which became No . 303 Squadron ' s unit history .
Reichenstein Castle ( Trechtingshausen ) Reichenstein Castle ( ) is a castle near the town of Trechtingshausen in Rhineland - Palatinate , Germany . Notes and references . History : Situated on a rocky ridge , Burg Rheinstein rises approximately 270 feet above the Rhine River in the Loreley Valley . Originally built around 900 A . D . to serve as a customs post for the German Empire , it was referred to as either the Vogtsburg or Feitsburg . The castle was home to the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph von Habsburg from 1282 through 1286 . Within this castle , he passed judgment on the unruly robber knights of Burg Reichenstein , Burg Sooneck and Burg Ehrenfels . In addition , Rudolph von Habsburg founded the Noble Knighthood and renamed the castle to Konigstein . From the 14th to 17th century , the castle was leased to the Archbishops of Mainz . However , it began to fall into disrepair after 1572 when it became unprofitable for Anton von Wiltberg , Chamberlain in Mainz , to maintain its upkeep . In 1823 , the castle ruin and its foundation stone were purchased by Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig , Royal Prince of Prussia and nephew of King Friedrich Wilhelm III . Thereafter , the castle was rebuilt under the direction of the famous castle architect , Claudius von Lassaulx . The castle was renamed Burg Rheinstein due to its imposing rocky location above the Rhine River . Since 1975 , Burg Rheinstein has been privately owned by the Hecher family who repaired and restored the castle over a period of 19 years to regain its glory from days long ago . Castle Highlights : Burg Rheinstein possesses a working drawbridge and portcullis , which greatly illustrate medieval construction and defense . Upon entering the castle and walking past the gift shop down to an opening on the left , the courtyard , which offers a spectacular view of the Rhine River may be visited . Burg Rheinstein ' s courtyard is known as the " Burgunder - Garden , " named after the Burgundy grape vine growing there . The vine , which is approximately 500 years old , still produces grapes . From the garden , steps lead down to the chapel . In the center of the Gothic altar piece of the chapel , exists a woodcarving depicting Jesus at the Last Supper . Between the rock and chapel , additional steps lead down to the royal crypt of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig ' s family . Heading upwards to the Burgunder - Garden , another set of steps lead to the main portion of the castle . The largest and most impressive room of Burg Rheinstein is located at the top of the stairway to the left once inside the castle . Known as the " Rittersaal " or " Knight ' s Hall , ” it includes beautiful stained glass windows , as well as three - dimensional paintings . Burg Rheinstein houses a cafe and gift shop offering miniature handmade wooden treasure chests , as well as traditional items including postcards and guidebooks for purchase .
Massachusetts Medal of Liberty The Massachusetts Medal of Liberty is awarded in the name of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as Commander - in - Chief of the Commonwealth to any and all Massachusetts service man or woman killed in action or who died as a result of wounds received in action . It was designed by Sgt . Kristopher W . Adams . Description . Heart - shaped medal that symbolizes the purple heart attached to a ribbon with a black border ( representing mourning ) ; 1 3 / 8 inches wide . The center of the medal bears a Gold Star ( representing the Gold Star Mothers Club ) . The top center of the medal is the coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . The other side of the medal includes the branch of service of the member , which has the words “ In Honored Memory ” engraved above the person ' s name and the words “ Service and Sacrifice ” below the person ' s name . References . Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 33 , Section 67A
YLC - 15 Radar YLC - 15 is a fully coherent , Pulse Doppler air defence radar of Chinese origin . It is designed primarily to detect targets at ranges of up to 16 km . It also provides the capability to identify hovering helicopter s or low altitude cruise missile s . The YLC - 15 radar features compact size , and light weight . Except for the antenna and pedestal , the radar can be broken down into three sections each no more than 30 kg , can be mounted on any vehicles , which enable it especially suitable for small arm missions in the battlefield . The YLC - 15 also exhibits outstanding performance in power consumption and reliability . Its target detection and ECCM capabilities considerably extend its operation in a severe battlefield environment . The radar has been shown mounted on the BJ212 / BJ2020 jeep and its equivalent . The manufacturer of the system is Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology ( NRIET ) / Nanjing Institute No . 1 / 南京电子技术研究所 .
Josef Schmidt ( general ) Josef Schmidt ( 18 August 1893 – 28 January 1943 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Josef Schmidt was killed on 28 January 1943 in Voronezh , Russia . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 31 January 1943 and was also promoted to Generalmajor .
Regular army A regular army is the official army of a state or country ( the official armed forces ) - - contrasting with irregular forces such as volunteer irregular militias , private armies , mercenaries , etc . A regular army usually consists of : A regular army may be : In the United Kingdom and in the United States the term " regular army " means the professional standing army , as different from reserves , National Guard , etc .
Third Encirclement Campaign The Third Encirclement Campaigns is an abbreviated name used for several different encirclement campaigns launched by the Nationalist Government with the goal of destroying the developing Chinese Red Army and its communist bases in several separate locations in China during the early stage of Chinese Civil War between late 1920s to mid - 1930s , and these are :
22nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 22nd Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 22nd Iowa Infantry was organized at Iowa City , Iowa and mustered in for three years of Federal service on September 9 , 1862 . The regiment was the only Union unit to breach the defenses of Vicksburg , MS during the general assault of May 22 , 1863 . It was one of only three regiments from Iowa to serve in Virginia . The regiment was mustered out on July 25 , 1865 . Sergeant Leonidas Godley of Company E was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1894 for his actions during the assault on the Railroad Redoubt , outside Vicksburg , on May 22 , 1863 . Listed as one of Fox ' s " Fighting 300 Regiments . " Total strength and casualties . A total of 1084 men served in the 22nd Iowa at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 6 officers and 108 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 135 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 250 fatalities . Other Notable Personnel . Lt . Col . Ephraim White , grandfather of football star and Supreme Court Justice Byron " Whizzer " White . Sgt . Isaac Struble , attorney , and Congressman ( 1883 - 1891 ) . Capt . Samuel D . Pryce , delegate to first GAR convention ; author of regimental history , Vanishing Footprints : The Twenty - Second Iowa Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War .
2006 Malagasy coup d ' état attempt An alleged coup d ' état attempt occurred in Madagascar on November 18 , 2006 , during the lead - up to the December 3 presidential election , when retired army General Andrianafidisoa , also known as Fidy ( and a previous Director General of OMNIS ) , declared military rule . According to judicial authorities , Andrianafidisoa was not allowed to run for president after failing to pay a 25 million ariary ( US $ 11 , 400 ) deposit . Fidy had previously supported the incumbent President Marc Ravalomanana in his successful claim to the presidency in the wake of the disputed 2001 presidential election . Coup events . General Fidy declared military rule and set up a base near the Ivato Airport in the capital , Antananarivo . There were police reports of shooting early in the morning of November 18 , and that one soldier was killed and another wounded . President Ravalomanana was returning from France during the incident and his plane was diverted from Antananarivo to Mahajanga instead . Aftermath . On November 19 , 2006 the government said it was searching for General Fidy , and dozens of soldiers were stationed outside his house . Secretary of State for Public Security , Lucien Victor Razakanirina , told Reuters , " We issued a wanted poster for General Fidy for an attack on state security . We went to arrest General Fidy , but he was no longer at his house . He is very mobile . " Fidy told Reuters via telephone , " I am alive and I am not in hiding . Soldiers and politicians have got the message . " He would not disclose his location . In a radio interview on November 20 , Fidy , who had still not been captured , said that the idea that there had been a coup attempt was a misinterpretation , but acknowledged that he had called for Ravalomanana ' s resignation because he considered the government to be unconstitutional . On November 22 , Fidy received the backing of most of the 14 presidential candidates , who said he was defending the constitution and the interests of the nation . After the elections were held on December 3 , the government unsuccessfully attempted to arrest one of these candidates , Pety Rakotoniaina , although it denied that it sought to arrest him because of his support for Fidy . A $ 50 , 000 reward was offered for Fidy ' s arrest . Razakanirina said that Fidy was taken by surprise and captured on December 12 at a hotel , and that he did not resist . During his trial , he and his lawyers argued that he had not attempted a coup , but had instead attempted to alert Ravalomanana to the situation of the armed forces . He was sentenced to four years in prison on February 2 , 2007 .
Robert Craig ( Medal of Honor ) United States Army Second Lieutenant Robert Craig ( 1919 – July 11 , 1943 ) received the Medal of Honor for heroic service as an infantry officer during the Allied invasion of Sicily in World War II . Early life . Robert Craig was born in Scotland , emigrating with his family to the United States and settling in Toledo , Ohio . He had two siblings ; William Craig , Jr . and Jane M . Craig . All three children were born in Scotland and immigrated to the United States ( Toledo ) with their parents ; William Craig , Sr . and Jane ( Montgomery ) Craig . Military service . Craig entered the United States Army in February 1941 and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant of infantry . Lieutenant Craig served with the 15th Infantry of the Third Infantry Division . On July 11 , 1943 , during his service leading troops in Operation Husky , the Allied invasion of Sicily , Craig set out to destroy an Italian Army machine gun nest that had halted the advance of his company , making his attempt following the wounding of three other officers who had tried to locate and silence that machine gun emplacement . Craig located the enemy position and snaked his way to a point within 35 yards of the gun before being discovered . Charging into the answering fire , Craig reached the machine gun and killed its three crewmen . Shortly thereafter , as his company advanced further , Craig and his platoon , in a position devoid of cover and concealment on the forward ( downhill ) slope of a ridge , encountered the fire of approximately 100 enemy soldiers . Craig ordered his men to withdraw to the cover of the crest while he drew the enemy fire to himself , charging the enemy until he was within 25 yards of them . From a kneeling position , he killed five and wounded three enemy soldiers while providing the covering fire enabling his platoon to reach the cover of the crest . Lt . Craig was killed by enemy fire , but his men carried on . His example is credited with spurring them to victory . Posthumous honors . On May 26 , 1944 , Lt . Craig posthumously received the Medal of Honor for " conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life , above and beyond the call of duty . " During construction of the Interstate highway system , a drawbridge along Interstate 280 crossing the Maumee River at Toledo , Ohio was named the Craig Memorial Bridge in his honor . Honored in ship naming . The U . S . Army ship USAT " Lt . Robert Craig " which operated in the Pacific Ocean at the end of World War II was named in his honor .
SS Soesterberg SS " Soesterberg " was a Dutch - owned cargo steamship that was built in Belgium in 1927 and sunk by a U - boat in 1940 in the Battle of the Atlantic . Building . Antwerp Engineering Co Ltd , of Hoboken built the ship , completing her in April 1927 . Her owner was Stoomboot Mij Hillegersberg NV , who named her after the town of Soesterberg in the province of Utrecht , registered her in Amsterdam and appointed Vinke & Co of Rotterdam to manage her . " Soesterberg " had six corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of that heated two 180 lb / in single - ended boilers with a combined heating surface of . The boilers fed a three - cylinder triple expansion steam engine that was rated at 214 NHP and drove a single screw . Wartime career . After the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940 " Soesterberg " remained in Allied service , making transatlantic crossings between Canada and Britain . In June 1940 she sailed in Convoy OB - 174 from Liverpool to Halifax , Nova Scotia . In July she returned from Halifax to Liverpool in Convoy HX - 59 with a cargo of pit prop s . Early in September she sailed with Convoy OA - 208 from Methil in Scotland to Halifax . Early in October she sailed from Chatham , New Brunswick , carrying of pit props bound for Hull . She went " via " Sydney , Nova Scotia , where she joined Convoy SC - 7 bound for Liverpool . Sinking . SC - 7 left Sydney on 5 October . At first the convoy had only one escort ship , the . A wolf pack of U - boat s found the convoy on 16 October and quickly overwhelmed it , sinking many ships over the next few days . At 0122 hours on 19 October SC - 7 was about west by north of Barra Head , Outer Hebrides when , commanded by Fritz Frauenheim , fired three bow torpedoes at the convoy . Frauenheim followed this two minutes later with a stern torpedo . He hit two ships : with a bow torpedo , and " Soesterberg " with the stern torpedo . The explosion on " Soesterberg " blew four men overboard and wrecked her starboard lifeboat . The other survivors abandoned ship : three DEMS gunners on a liferaft , and the rest in the port lifeboat . A headcount showed that the men from the engine room were missing . The Master and the First Officer re - boarded the ship in search of them , but concluded they had been killed on watch below . The two officers then returned to the lifeboat . The now abandoned " Soesterberg " remained afloat and drifting , as did the stricken " Assyrian " . " Soesterberg " collided with " Assyrian " s stern , then suddenly turned upright . Shortly thereafter " Soesterberg " sank , spilling her cargo of pit props , several of which fell on survivors of the " Assyrian " . This wrecked most of their liferafts , but the survivors then clung to the floating pit props as they awaited rescue . Six of the 25 men aboard " Soesterberg " had been killed . One of her stokers survived the sinking and was rescued by a lifeboat from the , which had been sunk by Otto Kretschmer ' s in the same Wolfpack attack . The rescued the various survivors and landed them at Greenock .
French cruiser Duquesne The Duquesne was a French " Duquesne " class heavy cruiser that served during World War II . After her launch , she was used on prestige missions . In January 1940 , she took part in the hunt for the " Admiral Graf Spee " , and later returned to Alexandria . On 3 July , the French squadron under Admiral René - Emile Godfroy in Alexandria was blockaded by the British executing Operation " Catapult " ; Godfroy avoided destruction by negotiating to disarm his fleet and stay in port until the end of the war . In June 1943 , she was incorporated in the Free French Naval Forces and served in the Atlantic . She undertook a refit in 1945 , and served in French Indochina until 1947 . < br >
Military Gendarmerie The Military Gendarmerie ( , abbreviated ŻW ) is a military provost formation created in 1990 in Poland . History . Polish military police traces its history to the communist era Military Internal Service ( Polish : " Wojskowa Służba Wewnętrzna " ) , World War II - era Service for Protection of the Uprising ( Polish : " Wojskowa Służba Ochrony Powstania " ) , interwar - era military police in the Second Polish Republic , formations of the January and November Uprising , Duchy of Warsaw and finally , some officials of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth , first created in early 17th century . In December 2011 the Polish Military Gendarmerie has made application to the European Gendarmerie Force to become a full member state . Structure . The Polish military police is organized into : Commanders . The current commander is brigadier general Mirosław Rozmus .
102nd Fortress Division ( France ) The French 102nd Division was a Territorial division ( ) during World War I , and a Fortress division ( ) during World War II . World War I . During World War I , the division comprised the 286th Territorial Infantry Regiment , the 292nd Territorial Infantry Regiment , the 326th Territorial Infantry Regiment , and the 342nd Territorial Infantry Regiment . The division was formed on 25 May 1915 , and was dissolved on 1 May 1916 . During this time , it was part of the French 13th Army Corps ( 13e Corps d ' Army ( CA ) ) ( part of the Sixth Army : French Sixth Arm ) . World War II . During the Battle of France in May 1940 , the division was made up of the following units : It was a Series A . reserve division which contained younger reservist s and a Fortress Division defending the French Border with Belgium . The division was led by General André Corap and resisted the German invasion the river .
Aleksei Ignatiev Count Alexei Pavlovich Ignatiev ( ) was a Russian political figure . His brother Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev was Chairman of the Committee of Ministers between 1872 and 1880 . On December 14 , 1905 , NYT reported rumors , circulating in St . Petersburg , that he was arrested on suspicion of fomenting rebellion against the czar . Ignatiev was shot to death by members of the Socialist - Revolutionary Party in 1906 .