naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ala ( Roman allied military unit ) An Ala ( Latin for " wing " , plural form : " alae " ) was the term used during the mid - Roman Republic ( 338 - 88 BC ) to denote a military formation composed of conscripts from the " socii " , Rome ' s Italian military allies . A normal consular army during this period consisted of 2 legion s , composed of Roman citizens only , and 2 allied " alae " . Alae were somewhat larger than normal legions ( ca . 5 , 400 v . ca . 4 , 500 men ) . From the time of the first Roman emperor , Augustus ( ruled 30 BC - AD 14 ) , the term " ala " was used in the professional imperial army to denote a much smaller ( ca . 500 ) , purely cavalry unit of the non - citizen auxilia corps , see Ala ( Roman cavalry unit ) . Mid - Republic . When , at a later date , the Roman armies were composed partly of Roman citizens and partly of Socii ( allies from the rest of the Italian mainland ) , either Latini or Italici , it became the practice to marshal the Roman troops in the centre of the battle line and the " Socii " upon the wings . Armies of the middle republic would consist of two legions of Roman citizens and two legions of " ala " , with the ala supplying thirty turmae of cavalry per legion , whereas the Roman provided only ten turmae . Hence " ala " and " alarii " denoted the contingent furnished by the allies , both horse and foot , and the two divisions were distinguished as " dextera ala " ( right wing ) and " sinistra ala " ( left wing ) ( Livy , xxvii . 2 , Livy , xxv . 21 , Livy xxxi . 21 ; Lips . " de Milit . Rom . " ii . dial . 7 . We find in Livy x . 40 , the expression " cum cohortibus alariis " ( " with wing cohorts " ) , and in x . 43 , " D . Brutum Scaevam legatum cum legione prima et decem cohortibus alariis equitatuque ire . . . jussit " ( " He ordered Decius Brutus Scaeva , legate , with the first legion and ten wing cohorts and the cavalry , to go and oppose said detachment . . . " ) . . Sources . " This article is based on an article by William Ramsay , M . A . , Professor of Humanity in the University of Glasgow on pp 73 - 74 of " A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities " , John Murray , London , 1875 , edited by William Smith , D . C . L . , LL . D . This article is in the public domain . The information contained herein , as such , may therefore be outdated . "
LÉ Banba ( CM11 ) LÉ " Banba " ( CM11 ) was a in the Irish Naval Service ( INS ) and was one of three purchased by the Irish government in light of changing politics in northern Ireland that was creating more gunrunning , and , the beginning of the drugs trade . The other two were LÉ Grainne ( CM10 ) and LÉ Fola ( CM12 ) . LÉ Banba was named after Banba , a legendary queen of the Tuatha Dé Danann and also a poetic name for Ireland . The ship was the former Royal Navy vessel . Handover . The name " Banba " was originally allocated to be borne by one of the six Flower class corvette s ordered in 1946 , but only three were delivered and the name was not used . On 22 February 1971 , the former " Alverton " was handed over to the INS , and commissioned on 23 February by Lt . Cdr . Deasy at Gibraltar . Following her commissioning , " Banba " , in company with " Fola " , worked up in the Western Mediterranean so that they could complete Harbour Acceptance Trials and Sea Acceptance Trials . On 20 March both ships left the Mediterranean for home , however on the way a storm blew up forcing them to take refuge in Lisbon . The two newest additions to the Navy finally arrived on 29 March 1971 . In 1984 The " Banba " was decommissioned and sold on to Spanish interests for breaking .
Camp Albuquerque Camp Albuquerque was an American World War II POW camp in Albuquerque , New Mexico that housed Italian and German prisoners of war . From this branch camp , the POWs did mostly farm labor , from 1943 to 1946 . Most of these POWs were transferred from Camp Roswell , which was a base or main POW camp for New Mexico . Camp Lordsburg , New Mexico , and Camp El Paso , Texas , were also base camps . History . Prisoners were transferred to Camp Albuquerque because it was closer to their work sites . These main and branch camps were part of a POW camp system spread across much of the United States . At its World War II peak , almost 426 , 000 prisoners - 371 , 683 German , 50 , 273 Italian , and 3 , 915 Japanese - were held in the United States . Beginning with 1 , 881 POWs in the United States at the end of 1942 , was up to 172 , 879 by the end of 1943 , and peaked at 425 , 871 on V - E Day . From October 1943 Italian POWs were housed in Rio Grande Park in former Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) barracks that had been built in the 1930s . The site was located north of the present day Rio Grande Zoo , founded in 1927 . The Italian POWs all left six months later . From 25 July 1944 until March 1946 German POWs , most of them captured in the North Africa campaign s , were housed in these same barracks buildings . The barracks had been moved to South 2nd Street and onto at the north end of the Schwartzman property , and made ready for their arrival . Shifting prisoner populations and transfers were routine . This was done to remove pro - Nazi troublemakers , and to help break up escape attempts and their all tunnel digging teams . Still , three Germans did escape from Camp Albuquerque , but two were soon recaptured . At peak occupancy , sometime in 1945 , there were 171 German POWs in branch Camp Albuquerque . They worked on the various farms from Los Lunas to Corrales , helping in particular with the harvest in the fall .
USS Phelps ( DD - 360 ) USS " Phelps " ( DD - 360 ) was a World War II - era " Porter " - class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy . She was named for Thomas Stowell Phelps , who was a Rear Admiral in the US Navy in 1884 . " Phelps " was laid down 2 January 1934 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Quincy , Massachusetts ; launched 18 July 1935 ; sponsored by Mrs . Richard A . Kearny ; and commissioned 26 February 1936 , Commander Albert H . Rooks in command . In November 1936 " Phelps " , along with the cruiser " Chester " , escorted the heavy cruiser " Indianapolis " carrying President Franklin D . Roosevelt to Buenos Aires , Argentina for the opening of the Inter - American Peace Conference of 1936 . The cruise included good - will visits to Montevideo , Uruguay and Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . Entry in World War II . During the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 , " Phelps " shot down one enemy plane . In February and March 1942 , she served as part of the destroyer screen for Task Force 11 , including the carrier " Lexington " ( CV - 2 ) , in an attack in the Huon Gulf off Lae and in an attack on Salamaua , New Guinea , over the Owen Stanley mountain range from the Gulf of Papua , 10 March 1942 . During the Battle of the Coral Sea beginning on 8 May , when the " Lexington " and the " USS Yorktown " diverged to avoid enemy attacks , the " Phelps " stayed with the " Yorktown " . The " Phelps " emerged from the battle with no casualties , but when the " Lexington " was seriously damaged , she helped to prevent enemy capture of the carrier by administering the coup de grace and finished her off with two torpedoes . Southwest Pacific action . In June 1942 she protected the American carriers that dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese Navy in the Battle of Midway . In August 1942 she guarded forces invading Guadalcanal . After a visit to the west coast in October , she participated in landings upon Attu , Alaska , in May 1943 . After bombarding Kiska , Alaska , she provided gunfire support for landings at Makin Atoll in November 1943 . In the Marshall Islands campaign in February 1944 , she bombarded Kwajalein and Eniwetok . In March she guarded tankers during a strike on the Palau Islands . In June she bombarded Saipan to protect American forces that had landed there on the 15th . Atlantic duty . Following duty at Saipan , she steamed via the Panama Canal to Charleston , South Carolina , for armament alterations , arriving 2 August . Departing Norfolk , Virginia , in November , she escorted a convoy to Mers - el - Kebir , Algeria . After three more convoy escort voyages to the Mediterranean in 1945 , she arrived at New York , New York 10 June . Decommissioning . The " Phelps " was decommissioned on 6 November 1945 , and she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 28 January 1947 . She was scrapped shortly afterwards by Northern Metals Co . of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Battle honors . " Phelps " received twelve battle star s for World War II service .
Charles C . Baldwin Charles C . Baldwin is a former Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force . Biography . A native of New Haven , Connecticut , Baldwin is an ordained Southern Baptist pastor . He is a graduate of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary . Baldwin is married to Anne , with whom he has three children and eight grandchildren . Career . Baldwin graduated from United States Air Force Academy in 1969 . He would go on to serve in the Vietnam War and the Gulf War . Other assignments he held include serving at Headquarter , United States Air Forces in Europe and North American Aerospace Defense Command . Baldwin served as Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force from 2001 to 2004 , when he became Chief of Chaplains with the rank of Major General . His retirement was effective as of July 1 , 2008 . Awards he received include the Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster , the Bronze Star Medal , the Air Medal with three oak leaf clusters and the Air Force Commendation Medal .
Adergoudounbades Adergoudounbades ( ) , was a prominent Sassanid Persian nobleman , general , and " kanarang " in the reigns of Kavadh I ( r . 488 – 531 ) , and Khosrau I ( r . 531 – 579 ) . His life is known only through the work of the Byzantine historian Procopius . His native name was probably Adurgundbad , an abbreviation of Adurgushnaspbad . Biography . Adhurgunbadh first appears in 488 . A young man at the time , according to the Byzantine historian Procopius he already had a reputation as a soldier . In that year , he helped Kavadh I rise to the Persian throne against his uncle Balash . As a reward , Kavadh raised Adergoudounbades to the important post of " kanarang " , governor of the northeastern province of Abarshahr which adjoined Hephthalite territory , replacing his relative , Gushnaspdad ( Gousanastades ) , who was executed . Little is known of Adergoudounbades during the subsequent decades , save that he had considerable success as a general : Procopius reports that he subdued twelve barbarian tribes to Persian rule . He participated in the Anastasian War , being involved in the siege and capture of Amida in 502 . When Khosrau I ascended the throne in 531 , a conspiracy was formed by Bawi and other Persian nobles who wanted to overthrow him and elevate his nephew Kavadh , the son of Kavadh I ’ s second eldest son Djamasp ( Zames ) — who could not himself claim the throne as he was blind in one eye — to the throne . The conspiracy was discovered and suppressed , but Kavadh , who was still a child , was away from the court , being raised by Adergoudounbades . Khosrau sent orders to kill Kavadh , but Adergoudounbades disobeyed and brought him up in secret , until he was betrayed to the shah in 541 by his own son , Bahram ( Varranes ) . Khosrau had him executed , but Kavadh , or someone claiming to be him , managed to flee to the Byzantine Empire .
8th Jäger Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 8th Infantry Division ( " 8 . Infanterie - Division " ) was formed in Oppeln on 1 October 1934 under the cover name Artillerieführer III which was used until 15 October 1935 . It was mobilized in August 1939 and took part in the Polish Campaign , the Battle of France and the invasion of the Soviet Union . On 1 December 1941 , it was reorganized and redesignated 8th Light Infantry Division . It was again redesignated on 30 June 1942 as the 8th Jäger Division . It surrendered to the Red Army in Moravia in May 1945 . Background . The main purpose of the German Jäger Divisions was to fight in adverse terrain where smaller , coordinated units were more facilely combat capable than the brute force offered by the standard infantry divisions . The Jäger divisions were more heavily equipped than mountain division , but not as well armed as a larger infantry division . In the early stages of the war , they were the interface divisions fighting in rough terrain and foothills as well as urban areas , between the mountains and the plains . The Jägers ( means " hunters " in German ) relied on a high degree of training , and slightly superior communications , as well as their not inconsiderable artillery support . In the middle stages of the war , as the standard infantry divisions were down sized , the Jäger model with two infantry regiments came to dominate the standard tables of organization . In 1943 , Adolf Hitler declared that all infantry divisions were now Grenadier Divisions except for his elite Jäger and Mountain Jaeger divisions .
9th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call sign was the . History . The 9th Division was formed on 1 October 1898 , as a reserve division after the First Sino - Japanese War in Kanazawa , Ishikawa Prefecture . It consisted of troops primarily from the Hokuriku region of Japan , mostly from the prefectures of Ishikawa , Toyama and Fukui . Under the command of General Oshima Hisao , it joined General Nogi Maresuke ' s Japanese Third Army at the Siege of Port Arthur in the Russo - Japanese War , where it took massive casualties . Survivors were further mauled at the subsequent Battle of Mukden . After the Russo - Japanese War , it was assigned to garrison duty in Korea , and elements of the 9th Division participated in the Siberian Intervention . In January 1932 , it participated in the first Shandong Intervention , and from 1935 it was stationed in Manchuria . Elements of the 9th Division were at the Marco Polo Bridge Incident , and the Division subsequently saw combat at the Battle of Shanghai . The 9th Division was at the Battle of Nanjing , and has been accused of participation in the subsequent Nanjing Massacre . After Nanjing , the 9th Division was in the Battle of Xuzhou before being ordered back to Japan in June 1939 . From 1940 - 1943 , the 9th Division was assigned to the Manchukuo garrison under the control of Kwantung Army . After 1943 , it was reassigned to the Japanese Thirty Second Army based in Okinawa , where it formed part of the Taiwan garrison . As a result , it was almost completely destroyed along with the rest of the 32nd during the Battle of Okinawa . Organization . The Order of Battle of the 9th Division included : Allentown , PA : 1981
CFB Chatham Canadian Forces Base Chatham or CFB Chatham was a Canadian Forces Base located immediately south of the town of Chatham , New Brunswick , Canada . Parts are now operating as Miramichi Municipal Airport since 1974 with a partial runway available ( 09 / 27 - asphalt ) . From 1970 until 1985 Chatham had a Base Rescue Flight operating three CH - 118 Huey helicopters . When the Voodoos that they were there to protect were retired , the CH - 118s were redeployed to Base Flight Cold Lake . Current Use . Part of the base was the naval facility " HMCS Renous " . The site is now used by Skypark Miramichi Industrial Park , the Federal Gun Registry and Royal Canadian Air Cadets Atlantic Region Gliding Centre .
RT - 2 The RT - 2 was an intercontinental ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union , which was in service from December 1968 until 1976 . It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS - 13 Savage and carried the GRAU index 8K98 . It was designed by OKB - 1 and about 60 were built by 1972 . History . The RT - 2 was the first solid - propellant ICBM in Soviet service , and was a development of the earlier RT - 1 series . It was a three - stage inertially - guided missile that is comparable to the American Minuteman III . It was armed with a single 600 kiloton warhead and was silo - launched , although a rail - based version was contemplated by Soviet planners . It was deployed in the Yoshkar - Ola missile field . The two upper stages of the RT - 2 were used to develop the RT - 15 mobile IRBM system . The RT - 2PM Topol is supposedly a modernized version of the RT - 2 Operations . The RT - 2 was capable of delivering a class payload to a maximum operational range of approximately 5 , 500 nautical miles Command and Control . Numbers of launchers were monitored by a single launch control center ( LCC ) . The hardened and dispersed silo concept increased system survivability and provided steady environmental controls from the solid - propellant motors . Normal control of the RT - 2 missile force was exercised by Headquarters RVSN , through an intermediate RVSN Army and launch complex headquarters ( HCC ) . A launch complex consisted of an HCC and several LCCs , monitoring numerous underground launchers .
Abdul Kerim Pasha Abdul Kerim Pasha ( Turkish : " Abdülkerim Paşa " ; died January 16 , 1923 ) , also known as Abdülkerim Öpelimi , was an Ottoman commander on the Caucasus front of World War I . Abdul Kerim Pasha ' s first battle was when the Russian General Oganovski launched an offence into the hills west of Malazgirt , in 1915 . Abdul Kerim Pasha counterattacked against the Russians and defeated Oganovski at the Battle of Malazgirt , and captured the town of Malazgirt . However Nikolai Yudenich , replaced Oganovski , as Russian commander , and counterattacked , re - taking Malazgirt . Yudenich ordered a retreat from Malazgirt , as he was outnumbered by Abdul Kerim Pasha ' s army , and Kerim pursued . Yudenich defeated Kerim at the Battle of Kara Killisse . Pasha retreated back to Malazgirt . In 1916 , Kerim suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Erzurum . after that Kerim was removed from command .
SM UC - 1 SM " UC - 1 " was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat had been ordered by November 1914 and was launched on 26 April 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 5 July 1915 as SM " UC - 1 " . Mines laid by " UC - 1 " in her 80 patrols were credited with sinking 41 ships . " UC - 1 " disappeared after 18 July 1917 .
James M . Burns ( Medal of Honor ) James Madison Burns ( August 9 , 1845 – October 30 , 1910 ) was a Union Army soldier and officer during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of New Market Virginia on May 15 , 1864 . Following the war , Burns was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the US Army , eventually reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . He also served in the Indian Wars and the Spanish - American War , until retiring due to disability in 1899 . Medal of Honor citation . “ The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Sergeant James Madison Burns , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism on 15 May 1864 , while serving with Company B , 1st West Virginia Infantry , in action at New Market , Virginia . Under a heavy fire of musketry , Sergeant Burns rallied a few men to the support of the colors , in danger of capture and bore them to a place of safety . One of his comrades having been severely wounded in the effort , Sergeant Burns went back a hundred yards in the face of the enemy ' s fire and carried the wounded man from the field . ”
Premindra Singh Bhagat Lieutenant General Premindra Singh Bhagat VC , PVSM ( 14 October 1918 – 23 May 1975 ) was an officer in the Indian Army during World War II and a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces , and the PVSM , India ' s highest military service award . The Victoria Cross was conferred on him for his actions in the Sudan theatre during World War II . General Bhagat is an alumnus of the famous Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College , Dehradun . Biographical information . Bhagat was born on 14 October 1918 in Gorakhpur , British India . He attended the Royal Indian Military College , a military school in Dehradun , and the Indian Military Academy . He was commissioned in the British Indian Army on 15 July 1939 . As a Brigadier , he served as Commandant of the Indian Military Academy when he co - authored the The Henderson Brooks - Bhagat report with Lt Gen Henderson Brooks , which carries an incisive analysis ( Operations Review ) of the Sino - Indian War of 1962 . He later achieved the rank of Lieutenant General in the Indian Army , serving as the General Officer Commanding - in - Chief ( GOC - in - C ) of the Central Command , and in June 1972 raised the Northern Command , which is headquartered in Udhampur , Jammu and Kashmir as its first GOC - in - C . He was also awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal ( PVSM ) , India ' s highest military service medal . When he was not appointed as the Chief of Army Staff by Indira Gandhi despite his seniority , he chose to sidestep out of the Army on deputation to the Damodar Valley Corporation where he made a definite impact in improving the organisation ' s working climate , ethos and productivity . The Victoria Cross . He was 22 years old , and a Second Lieutenant ( King ' s Commissioned Indian Officer ) in the Corps of Indian Engineers , Indian Army , attd . Royal Bombay Sappers and Miners during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC .
Ammunition train The ammunition train was an element of armies in 19th and 20th century warfare . They were responsible for transporting the artillery and infantry ammunition of each division from the ammunition refilling point to the area of engagement . The train itself may have been a literal train , but in most cases was not , the ' train ' being the military term . Depending on the era , its conveyance would be horse - drawn wagon or motor vehicles , and it was assigned the necessary personnel and equipment to fulfill these roles . Their traditional capacity has been largely superseded in modern combat . In the first 200 years of existence of the United States Military , each combat division was supposed to have an ammunition train assigned to its field artillery brigade , though this was not always the case .