naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Brazilian frigate Constituição ( F42 ) The F " Constituição " ( F42 ) is a Niteroi class frigate of the Brazilian Navy . The " Constituição " was the fourth Niterói class frigate ordered by the Brazilian Navy , on 20 September 1970 . The " Constituição " was launched on 15 April 1976 , and was commissioned on 31 March 1978 . History . In June 2009 , the F Constituição ( F42 ) participated in the recovery mission for the wreckage of Air France Flight 447 . On the 20th of February , 2010 , the Constituição brought 12 students , faculty , and crew of the " SV Concordia " ashore after they were initially rescued by merchant vessels . The Concordia , a tall ship floating classroom operated by the West Island College International ' s Class Afloat program , was abandoned approximately south east of Rio de Janeiro with all 64 people aboard making it to life rafts . The remaining 52 students , faculty , and crew were to be transferred from merchant vessels to the Constituição and another Brazilian frigate , but weather and other concerns prevented that .
Aruncător de grenade 40 mm The Aruncător de grenade 40 mm ( " AG - 40 " ) is a rifle mounted 40mm grenade launcher . It is mounted as a lower handguard for a Kalashnikov pattern rifle . The AG - 40 is currently used on the 5 . 45mm PA md . 86 standard assault rifle , in Romanian service . It replaced the older GP - 25 Soviet pattern grenade launcher . Technical data . The AG - 40 grenade launcher is manufactured by ROMARM SA and has the following technical specifications :
Staffelkapitän Staffelkapitän is a position ( not a rank ) in flying units ( " Staffel " ) of the German Luftwaffe that is the equivalent of RAF / USAF Squadron Commander . Usually today a Staffelkapitän is of Oberstleutnant or Major rank . In the Luftwaffe of the Wehrmacht the " Staffelkapitän " usually held the rank of an " Oberleutnant " or " Hauptmann " . For the first weeks of his assignment he was known as a Staffelführer ( Squadron Leader ) , until he was confirmed in this position . If a Non - commissioned officer was tasked with this role , he was also referred to as a " Staffelführer " . See also . Luftwaffe Organization
Battle of Varese The Battle of Varese was fought on 26 May 1859 at Varese ( Lombardy ) . It was an engagement of the Second Italian War of Independence , fought between the Italian volunteers formation of the Hunters of the Alps , led by Giuseppe Garibaldi , against Austrian troops . The Austrian defeat allowed the movement of the Hunters towards Como , and obliged the Austrians to keep troops on the northern part of the front . The prelude . Garibaldi and his Hunters had moved and occupied Varese , in the night of 23 May . The Austrian commander in chief , Ferencz Gyulai , had sent the Urban division to settle the matter . In the meantime , on 25 May , 500 Austrian riflemen , 130 Ulans , and two guns from Gallarate attacked a company led by Carlo De Cristoforis at Sesto Calende , but were rejected to Somma . The encounter . On 26 May , at dawn , Urban arrived at Varese , where Garibaldi had already prepared the defence . The Italians were deployed as : one battalion ( Enrico Cosenz ) on the right , two battalions on the left ( Giacomo Medici ) , one battalion in the middle ( Nicola Ardoino ) ; two reserve battalions , one at Varese ( Nino Bixio ) , and one at Biumo Superiore . The Austrians opened fire with the guns , then moved three columns against the enemy . Cosenz ' s battalion attacked the incoming Austrians , and routed them into the other columns , repulsing the Austrian attack with the help of the Medici battalion . Urban , overestimating the enemy forces , retreated on Malnate . Medici and Ardoino attacked the retreating Austrians , causing more losses .
Battle of Thessalonica ( 1004 ) The Battle of Thessalonica in 1004 was one of the many attacks of the Bulgarian emperor Samuel against the second most important Byzantine city in the Balkans , Thessalonica . Eight years earlier Samuel had defeated the governor of Thessalonica , Gregory Taronites . The attack in 1004 was undertaken immediately after the end of one of the regular campaigns of the Byzantine emperor Basil II into Bulgaria . Despite the Bulgarian defeat in the battle of Skopje , after the withdrawal of Basil II Samuel answered by invading the Byzantine dominions in turn . He ambushed the governor of Salonica John Chaldos near his city and captured him . This chronology of events was presented by the historian Vasil Zlatarski . Other researches such as Srdjan Pirivatrich and Plamen Pavlov assume that Samuel ' s victory over Gregory Taronites was in 995 , while the defeat of John Chaldos took place in 996 .
Allastair Malcolm Cluny McReady - Diarmid Allastair Malcolm Cluny McReady - Diarmid VC ( 21 March 1888 – 1 December 1917 ) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 29 years old , and an Acting Captain in the 17th ( S ) Battalion , The Middlesex Regiment ( Duke of Cambridge ' s Own ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 30 November / 1 December 1917 at the Moeuvres Sector , France , when the enemy penetrated into our position , and the situation was extremely critical , Captain McReady - Diarmid led his company through a heavy barrage and immediately engaged the enemy and drove them back at least 300 yards , causing numerous casualties and taking 27 prisoners . The following day the enemy again attacked and drove back another company which had lost all its officers . The captain called for volunteers , and leading the attack , again drove them back . It was entirely due to his throwing of bombs that the ground was regained , but he was eventually killed by a bomb . He is commemorated on the Cambrai Memorial to the Missing . Further information . As a boy Allastair Malcolm Cluny McReady - Diarmid went to Queen Elizabeth ' s Grammar School for Boys , Barnet , Hertfordshire . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum , Chelsea , England .
72nd Reconnaissance - Commando Battalion The 72nd Reconnaissance - Commando Battalion ( ) is a battalion within the " Special Brigade " unit in the Serbian Army . In the past it was brigade - size , and included the CT " Hawks " Battalion ( now Counter - terrorist Battalion ) , and was known as the 72 Special Brigade . Currently it has the status of a battalion within the restructured Serbian Army . Its main tasks are reconnaissance and demolition . The unit was formed in 1992 , its headquarters are located in Pančevo . Training . Range of combat training is very broad and includes tactical , fire and physical training the highest professional risk . In addition to a very demanding selective training , which is the first entrance criteria for the Special Brigade , the unit is realized : Weaponry and equipment . The battalion is armed with Serbian - made 7 . 62 mm and 5 . 56 mm rifles , R4 assault rifle s , Steyr AUG rifles , H & K 416 , Sako TRG - 22 / 42 sniper rifles 7 . 62 mm , 7 . 9 mm and 12 . 7 mm sniper rifles , 7 . 62 mm machine guns and various types of pistols and revolvers of the battalion ' s own choice . The 72nd Reconnaissance - commando Battalion ' s heavy armament consists of disposable , Serbian - made grenade - launchers , hand rocket - launchers also of domestic production , the " Wasp " Armour - piercing rocket system , and the 60 mm and 82 mm light mortars and optic - electronic devices for night operations , Aimpoint holographic sights , silencers / suppressors
Aornos Aornos was the site of Alexander the Great ' s last siege , " the climax to Alexander ' s career as the greatest besieger in history " according to Alexander ' s biographer Robin Lane Fox . The siege took place in the winter of 327 – 326 BCE . It offered the last threat to Alexander ' s supply line , which stretched , dangerously vulnerable , over the Hindu Kush back to Balkh , though Arrian credits Alexander ' s heroic desire to outdo his kinsman Heracles , who allegedly had proved unable to take the place Pir - Sar , which the Greeks called Aornis . The site lies north of Attock in Punjab , on a strongly reinforced mountain spur above the narrow gorges in a bend of the upper Indus River . It had a flat summit well supplied with natural springs and wide enough to grow crops : it could not be starved to submission . Neighboring tribesmen who surrendered to Alexander offered to lead him to the best point of access . Ptolemy and Alexander ' s secretary Eumenes , whose account provided material for all later ones , reconnoitered and reinforced a neighboring spur to the west with a stockade and ditch . His signal fire to Alexander also alerted the defenders of Pir - Sar , and it took two days of skirmishing in the narrow ravines for Alexander to regroup . At the vulnerable north side leading to the fort , Alexander and his catapults were stopped by a deep ravine . To bring the siege engines within reach , an earthwork mound was constructed to bridge the ravine with carpentry , brush and earth . The first day ' s work brought the siege mound closer , but as the sides of the ravine fell away steeply below , progress rapidly slowed ; nevertheless , at the end of the third day , a low hill connected to the nearest tip of Pir - Sar was within reach and was taken , after Alexander in the vanguard and his first force were repelled by boulders rolled down from above . Three days of drumbeats marked the defenders ' celebration of the initial repulse , followed by a surprise retreat . Alexander hauled himself up the last rockface on a rope . Alexander cleared the summit , slaying some fugitives ( Lane Fox ) , inflated by Arrian to a massacre , and erected altars to Athena Nike , Athena of Victory , traces of which were identified by Stein . Alexander was now free to pursue his journey into Punjab , and his reputation for invincibility seemed to be established in India . The Battle of the Hydaspes River lay in the future .
Capture of Bougie The Capture of Bougie occurred in 1555 when the Ottoman ruler of Algiers Salah Rais took the city of Bougie from the Spaniards . The Spanish " presidio " was the main fortification in Bougie , occupied by about 100 men under Luis Peralta , and then his son Alonso Peralta . The city was captured by Salah Rais from his base of Algiers , at the head of several thousand men and a small fleet consisting in 2 galleys , a barque , and a French " saëte " ( " flèche " , or " arrow " ) requisitioned in Algiers . Peralta had sent messages to Spain for help , and Andrea Doria prepared to leave with a fleet from Naples , but too late . The Spanish force was defeated , but Alonso Peralta was allowed to leave unharmed with 40 men of his choice . He was severely criticized upon his return to Spain , and beheaded in Valladolid on 4 May 1556 . The capture of Bougie permitted the Ottomans to encircle the Spanish position at Goletta and that of their ally Ahmad Sultan in Tunis , as they now had strong bases in Bougie and Tripoli .
Conquest of Santarém The Conquest of Santarém took place on 15 March 1147 , when the troops of the Kingdom of Portugal under the leadership of Afonso I of Portugal captured the Moorish city of Santarém . Prelude . On 10 March 1147 , King Afonso I of Portugal departed from Coimbra with 250 of his best knight s intending to capture the Moorish city of Santarém , a goal that he had previously failed to achieve . The conquest of Santarém was of vital importance to Afonso ' s strategy ; its possession would mean the end of the frequent Moorish attacks on Coimbra and Leiria , and would also allow a future attack on Lisbon . The plan now was to attack the city during the night under cover of darkness , in order to catch the Moorish garrison by surprise . King Afonso had previously sent the Portuguese Mem Ramires to Santarém disguised as a businessman in order to secretly study the city for the conquest . After the first day of the journey from Coimbra to Santarém , King Afonso I sent an emissary to Santarém announcing to the Moors that the truce had ended , for which three days ' notice was required . Fall of Santarém . On the night of 14 March , King Afonso and his army arrived at Santarém . With the help of ladders , twenty five knights scaled the walls , killed the Moorish sentries and forced their way to the gate , allowing the main Portuguese army to enter the city . Awakened by the screams of their sentries , the Moors ran from all sides to face the Portuguese attackers in the streets offering them a very strong resistance , but ended up being defeated and suffering a great slaughter . By morning the conquest was already complete , and Santarém became part of the recently formed Kingdom of Portugal . Aftermath . After the conquest of Santarém , Afonso I of Portugal turned his attention to the important Moorish city of Lisbon , which he would conquer in October with the help of a crusader fleet of the Second Crusade who stopped in Portugal while on course to the Holy Land .
Mary J . Safford Mary Jane Safford - Blake ( December 31 , 1834 – December 8 , 1891 ) was a school teacher , a prominent nurse in the Union army and worked closely with Mary Ann Bickerdyke treating the sick and injured near Fort Donelson . In 1862 , she accompanied the army of Ulysses S . Grant during the Battle of Shiloh , where she comforted and ministered to the wounded . Later , she served aboard a pair of military hospital ships on the Mississippi , the " City of Memphis " and the " Hazel Dell " . When the war ended in 1865 , Safford studied medicine , graduating from the Medical College for Women in New York City four years later . She also studied at the University of Breslaw in Germany , where she performed the first ovariotomy ever done by a woman . In 1872 , Safford opened a private practice in Chicago . She developed a plan for mass housing centered around a common service area for cooperative housekeeping to reduce drudgery for women . Later , she became Professor of Women ' s Diseases at the Boston University School of Medicine and a staff doctor at the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital . After her marriage , she adopted the name Mary Jane Safford - Blake . Among her publications was " Health and Strength Papers for Girls " . Safford spent her later years in Tarpon Springs , Florida , with her brother Anson and his family . She died on December 8 , 1891 .
Kryuchkovo Kryuchkovo was an air base in Tver Oblast , Russia , located 34 km northwest of Tver . It is shown on a 1973 Department of Defense Global Navigation Chart No . 1 and was probably a 1950s era cold war airfield . Very little remains and its exact location is uncertain .
Raid on Saratoga The Raid on Saratoga was an attack by a French and Indian force on the settlement of Saratoga , New York on November 28 , 1745 , during King George ' s War . Led by Paul Marin de la Malgue , the allied force of 600 burned the settlement , killing about 30 and taking 60 to 100 prisoners .
Battle of Salyersville The Battle of Salyersville , also called Battle of Ivy Point Hill , was the largest of the many skirmishes in Magoffin County , Kentucky , during the American Civil War . In April 1864 , Confederate Colonel Ezekiel F . Clay led his regiment of mounted infantry on a raid to Kentucky . He was opposed by the forces of the Sub - District of Eastern Kentucky under Union Colonel George W . Gallup , consisting of the 14th Kentucky Infantry and 39th Kentucky Infantry , and reinforcements under Colonel C . J . True consisting of the 40th Kentucky Infantry and the 11th Michigan Cavalry . On April 13 , 1864 , the Confederates attacked the Union position at Paintsville , but Colonel Gallup ' s 750 men held their position . On April 14 , combat was renewed , and the Confederates were driven to Salyersville with heavy losses . Colonel Clay was wounded and captured along with a significant part of his command , 100 horses and 200 stand of arms .
Shell keep A shell keep is a style of medieval fortification , best described as a stone structure circling the top of a motte . In English castle morphology , shell keeps are perceived as the successors to motte - and - bailey castles , with the wooden fence around the top of the motte replaced by a stone wall . Castle engineers during the Norman period did not trust the motte to support the enormous weight of a stone keep . A common solution was to replace the palisade with a stone wall then build wooden buildings backing onto the inside of the wall . This construction was lighter than a keep and prevented the walls from being undermined , meaning they could be thinner and lighter . Examples include the Round Tower at Windsor Castle and Clifford ' s Tower at York Castle .
National Military Command Center The National Military Command Center ( NMCC ) , located in the Pentagon , is operated by the J - 3 ( Operations ) Directorate of the Joint Staff , and houses the central command and communications center for the National Command Authority ( i . e . the U . S . President and the U . S . Secretary of Defense ) . The facility , which is composed of several war rooms , is the principal command and control center of the Department of Defense . It is commonly referred to as the NMCC . Mission . The NMCC has three main missions . The primary task of the NMCC is to monitor worldwide events for the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS ) . The NMCC also has a crisis response component ( e . g . , response to the bombing of the USS Cole ) and a strategic watch component ( e . g . , monitoring nuclear activity ) . This center is not directly necessary to initiate a nuclear attack , but it essentially serves as a communications / operations center for nearby Washington , D . C . , particularly with regard to maintaining the American end of the famous U . S . - Russian hotline ( " Red telephone " ) . It coordinated the response to events such as the September 11 attacks , the attack on the , and Payne Stewart ' s plane crash . The NMCC is responsible for generating Emergency Action Messages ( EAMs ) to launch control centers , nuclear submarines , recon aircraft and battlefield commanders worldwide . Organization . The NMCC is operated by five teams on a rotating watch system . Each team typically has 17 - 20 personnel on duty performing a wide variety of functions including communications . Teams are led by a Deputy Director for Operations ( DDO ) and Assistant DDO , and are divided into five duty positions : The more than 300 people in the NMCC have responsibilities that are operational in nature . The NMCC is not funded by the Joint Staff , but by the Department of the Air Force which as DoD Executive Agent provides logistical , budgetary , facility and systems support to the NMCC . The JCS J - 3 Command Systems Operations Division manages the operations of the J - 3 information system facilities and maintains operational control of the Crisis Management Automated Data Processing System for the National Military Command Center .
G - class blimp The " G " - Class Blimps were a series of non - rigid airship s ( blimps ) used by the United States Navy . In 1935 , instead of developing a new design airship , the Navy purchased the Goodyear Blimp " Defender " for use as a trainer and utility airship assigning it the designator " G - 1 " . " Defender " was built by the Goodyear Aircraft Company of Akron , Ohio and was the largest blimp in the company ’ s fleet of airships that were used for advertising and as passenger airships . Additional " G " - class airships were bought during World War II to support training needs . Operational history . After purchase on September 23 , 1935 , " G - 1 " was in constant use until it was lost in a mid - air collision on 8 June 1942 with another blimp , the " L - 2 " . The two blimps were conducting experimental visual and photographic observations during night flight . Although twelve people were killed in the crash , " G - 1 " had demonstrated her capabilities as a trainer and utility blimp . As the Navy needed additional training airships during the World War II war time build up , a contract was awarded on 24 December 1942 for seven more " G " - class airships . These were assigned the designation Goodyear ZNN - G . ( Z = lighter - than - air ; N = non - rigid ; N = trainer ; G = type / class ) . The envelope size of these new G - class blimps was increased over that of " G - 1 " by . Airships " G - 2 " through " G - 5 " were delivered by late 1943 and " G - 6 " through " G - 8 " followed in early 1944 . They were used for training mainly from the two major lighter - than - air bases , NAS Lakehurst and NAS Moffett Field on the southern edge of the San Francisco Bay .
Carol I National Defence University The Carol I National Defence University ( ) is an institution of higher education , located in Bucharest , Romania . It was established in 1889 under the War Superior School name . In 2005 , it was named in honor of the Romanian King Carol I . Carol I National Defence University seeks to train military and civilian experts in security and national defence . It undertakes scientific studies related to these matters when requested by relevant state authorities . It is a member of the International Association for Military Pedagogy ( IAMP ) , whose members include military and civilian professionals from military institutions of advanced learning .
Hvalsmoen Hvalsmoen , former military camp in Ringerike , Norway , to the north of Hønefoss . In spring 2005 the camp was sold to local investment firm Røysi Invest for 52 million kroner . The army ' s engineering regiment was based at Hvalsmoen . There were formerly a total of three military camps around Hønefoss : Hvalsmoen , Helgelandsmoen and Eggemoen . All were closed on the 13 June 2001 .
Siege of St . Augustine ( 1740 ) The Siege of St . Augustine was a military engagement that took place during June - July 1740 . It was a part of the much larger conflict known as the War of Jenkins ' Ear , between Great Britain and Spain . Background . After some mutual minor skirmishes , Governor James Oglethorpe of the colony of Georgia raised a mixed force of British regulars ( the 42nd Regiment of Foot ) , colonial militia from the Province of Georgia and the Carolinas , and native American Creek and Chickasaw , or Uchee s . The campaign began in December 1739 , and by January Oglethorpe was raiding Spanish forts west of St . Augustine . In May 1740 , Oglethorpe undertook an expedition to capture St . Augustine itself . In support of that objective , Oglethorpe first captured Fort San Diego , Fort Picolotta and Fort Mose , the first free black settlement in America . Siege . Oglethorpe deployed his batteries on the island of Santa Anastasia while a British naval squadron blockaded the port . On June 24 , Oglethorpe began a 27 day bombardment . On June 26 , a sortie by 300 Spanish and free blacks attacked Fort Mose held by 120 Highlander Rangers and 30 Indians . In the Siege of Fort Mose , the garrison was taken by surprise with 68 killed and 34 captured while the Spanish loss was 10 killed . The Spanish managed to send supply ships through the Royal Navy blockade and any hope of starving St . Augustine into capitulation was lost . Oglethorpe now planned to storm the fortress by land while the navy ships attacked the Spanish ships and half - galleys in the harbor . Commodore Pearce , however resolved to forgo the attack during hurricane season . Oglethorpe gave up the siege and returned to Georgia ; abandoning his artillery during his withdrawal .