naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Maitland Plan Maitland Plan ( Spanish , Plan de Maitland ) , refers to a plan created by Scottish Major General Thomas Maitland in 1800 . The plan was titled " Plan to capture Buenos Aires and Chile , and then emancipate Peru and Quito " . Britain was by then at war with Spain and France in the Napoleonic Wars , and was seeking to expand its influence in South America since the loss of the 13 colonies of North America , which had become independent some time before . The plan consisted in : The plan was never employed by Britain . They twice attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata , but were defeated . British military actions against Spanish South America ceased during the Peninsular War , when France turned against Spain and Britain allied itself with the Spanish resistance . According to Argentine historian Felipe Pigna , José de San Martín was introduced to the plan by members of the lodge founded by Francisco de Miranda and Scottish Lord MacDuff ( James Duff , 4th Earl Fife ) .
SMS Sankt Georg SMS " Sankt Georg " was an armored cruiser of the Austro - Hungarian Navy . The " Sankt Georg " was selected as main motif of an Austrian coin : the S . M . S . Sankt Georg commemorative coin , minted in 14 September 2005 . The obverse shows the armored cruiser sailing into New York Harbor on 17 May 1907 ; passing right in front of the Statue of Liberty . This was to be the last visit of an Austrian naval vessel in the U . S . A . In 1920 the ship was ceded to Britain and was eventually scrapped .
USS Rehoboth ( SP - 384 ) The first USS " Rehoboth " ( SP - 384 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission in 1917 . " Rehoboth " was built in 1912 as a fishing vessel by W . G . Abbott , Milford , Delaware . The U . S . Navy acquired her from W . C . Lofland of Lewes , Delaware , for service during World War I , armed her , designated her SP - 384 , and commissioned her at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on 12 May 1917 , with Lieutenant , junior grade W . M . Bertrand , USNRF , in command . Acquired originally for section patrol duty , " Rehoboth " was designated for distant service in June 1917 , and on 14 August 1917 headed for Boston , Massachusetts . At the end of August 1917 , she continued on across the Atlantic Ocean . Steaming via the Azores , she reached Brest , France on 18 September and began operations as a unit of Division 12 , Patrol Force . On 4 October , while " Rehoboth " was on escort duty , her hull began to leak . Her crew — unable to control the flooding — was taken off , and she was sunk by the British light cruiser .
Horace M . Thorne Horace Marvin " Buddy " Thorne ( September 29 , 1918 – December 21 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Early life . Born in Keansburg , New Jersey , Thorne grew up on a farm in the nearby North Middletown section of Middletown Township . He and his eight siblings attended Port Monmouth Elementary School and Leonardo High School . Career . Thorne joined the Army from Keyport , New Jersey , in March 1941 , and by December 21 , 1944 , was serving as a corporal in Troop D , 89th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron , 9th Armored Division . On that day , near Grufflingen ( now part of Burg - Reuland ) , in Belgium , he voluntarily took up an exposed position on top of a destroyed tank in order to better fire on the German forces . He killed several Germans and scattered the crews of two enemy machine - gun nests before being killed himself . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor nine months later , on September 19 , 1945 . Legacy . Thorne , aged 26 at his death , was originally buried in a Belgian forest . His remains were later returned home and interred at Fair View Cemetery in Middletown , New Jersey . Thorne Middle School in Middletown was named in his honor in the 1960s ; the school is home to a display which includes photographs of Thorne , his Medal of Honor , and the original award citation . Corporal Thorne ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He was the leader of a combat patrol on 21 December 1944 near Grufflingen , Belgium , with the mission of driving German forces from dug - in positions in a heavily wooded area . As he advanced his light machinegun , a German Mark III tank emerged from the enemy position and was quickly immobilized by fire from American light tanks supporting the patrol . Two of the enemy tankmen attempted to abandon their vehicle but were killed by Cpl . Thorne ' s shots before they could jump to the ground . To complete the destruction of the tank and its crew , Cpl . Thorne left his covered position and crept forward alone through intense machinegun fire until close enough to toss 2 grenades into the tank ' s open turret , killing 2 more Germans . He returned across the same fire - beaten zone as heavy mortar fire began falling in the area , seized his machinegun and , without help , dragged it to the knocked - out tank and set it up on the vehicle ' s rear deck . He fired short rapid bursts into the enemy positions from his advantageous but exposed location , killing or wounding 8 . Two enemy machinegun crews abandoned their positions and retreated in confusion . His gun jammed ; but rather than leave his self - chosen post he attempted to clear the stoppage ; enemy small - arms fire , concentrated on the tank , killed him instantly . Cpl . Thorne , displaying heroic initiative and intrepid fighting qualities , inflicted costly casualties on the enemy and insured the success of his patrol ' s mission by the sacrifice of his life .
George Washington Scott George Washington Scott ( February 22 , 1829 – October 3 , 1903 ) was a noted Florida businessman , plantation owner , and military officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Scott was born in Alexandria , Pennsylvania and was the 4th child of Agnes Irvine and John Scott , Sr . , both of Scottish descent . He became a merchant and farmer in Pennsylvania . In 1850 Scott visited Florida and moved to Quincy , Florida in 1851 . In 1852 , Scott moved to Leon County , Florida where he established a mercantile exchange and his George W . Scott Plantation . In 1860 Scott enlisted in the Tallahassee Guards , a Leon County militia organization . Upon the formation of the Confederacy he was appointed Captain of Company D , Second Florida Cavalry . Scott organized and was elected lieutenant - colonel of the Fifth Florida Cavalry Battalion in 1863 , serving throughout middle and east Florida . Scott ' s unit , called " Scott ' s Cavalry , " participated in the February , 1864 Battle of Olustee and in subsequent actions near Jacksonville . In March 1865 Scott and his men played a prominent role in the Battle of Natural Bridge , south of Tallahassee , which prevented a Union occupation of the State Capital . Scott ' s unit surrendered and was paroled at Tallahassee in May 1865 . In 1868 Scott ran for Florida governor as a Democratic - Conservative and received overwhelming support . However , due to Northern occupation of Florida , Scott was ruled out for the position . He had not wanted to be a candidate and was relieved at the solution . While on his plantation , Scott experimented in a variety of crops and planted of sugar cane , cabbage , collards , rutabaga s , Dutch turnips . Scott also created a 16 foot ( 5 m ) overshot waterwheel transferring water from a pond going to corn , sugar and cotton processing . Scott came up with a revolutionary fertilizer which combined cottonseed with bone meal . Bone was obtained by black farm hands who earned a gallon of cane syrup for every 100 pound sack of animal bones . The bone were crushed with a heavy cast iron stamp powered by a waterwheel and the meal mixed with sulfuric acid . This was then mixed with cottonseed cake to make a final product . In 1870 Scott sold his plantation and moved to Savannah , Georgia then Atlanta where he built his business . By 1887 , the Gossypium Phospo , made by the George W . Scott Company , had become one of the most noted fertilizers in the south . " ( Tallahassee Weekly Floridian , January 28 , 1886 ) " Scott became the first person to exploit Florida ' s vast phosphate deposits and in 1887 purchased 1000 acres ( 4 km² ) of land along the Peace River in Charlotte County and also backed the Arcadia Phosphate Company and sells Comer - Hall Fertilizer Company in Savannah . In May 1888 the first shipments of phosphate were made to his G . W . Scott Manufacturing Company . Scott built a fortune in real estate and fertilizer in Atlanta . In 1890 Scott gave $ 112 , 250 to Decatur Female Seminary which he helped organize . The institute took the name of his mother , Agnes Scott , to become Agnes Scott College .
Battle of Ponza ( 1435 ) The Naval battle of Ponza was fought in early August 1435 , when the Duke of Milan dispatched a Genoese fleet , in order to relief the town of Gaeta , which was currently being besieged by the King of Aragon . Conflict . Joan II , Queen of Naples , died on the 2nd of February 1435 , and by her will bestowed Rene d ' Anjou with the crown of Naples . However , Alfonso , king of Aragon and Sicily , whom Queen Joan II had primarily adopted , claimed the succession , on the ground of this first adoption . Thus the successionist war between the House of Anjou and the House of Aragon over the Kingdom of Naples ensued . < BR > At this critical moment Rene d ' Anjou was currently imprisoned in the Duchy of Burgundy and Alfonso of Aragon lost no time in stirring up his partisans in the Kingdom of Naples , whilst he himself sailed from Sicily with a large fleet to besiege Gaeta . < BR > Gaeta itself was garrisoned by the Genoese who shortly after Queen Joan ' s death dispatched " Francesco Spinola " with 800 infantry . The Duke of Milan " ( to whom the Republic of Genoa had lately submitted ) " sided with the House of Anjou and dispatched a Genoese fleet in July under Biagio Assereto in order to relief Gaeta . Alfonso immediately sailed against the Genoese fleet with superior numbers . The two fleets met near the island of Ponza and after a long and gallant conflict , which lasted for ten hours , the Genoese were completely victorious . The royal galley of Aragon was compelled to strike , and Alfonso V , King of Aragon was captured . Aftermath . The siege of Gaeta was lifted , and the return of the Genoese fleet was met with a triumphant reception at Genoa . The King and all the noble Aragonese prisoners were then brought to Milan before the Duke , and with this one strike the war seemed already over . < BR > However the King of Aragon managed to persuade the Duke of Milan to his side and against Rene d ' Anjou , and was set at liberty with all other prisoners . The Genoese were so utterly exasperated by the Dukes decision that they started to rebel against him , drove out the Milanese garrison and overthrew his rule on the 27th of December , 1435 .
Gerhard Richter ( pilot ) Gerhard Richter ( 21 November 1913 – 12 March 1995 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Siege of Fukazawa The 1571 siege of Fukazawa was one of a number of battles which formed Takeda Shingen ' s campaigns against the Hōjō clan , during Japan ' s Sengoku period . Having burned the town of Odawara surrounding the Hōjō home castle two years earlier , he laid siege to a number of other Hōjō holdings in the surrounding provinces , including Fukazawa , in Suruga province . This was the sixth time he had invaded Suruga ; Fukazawa was held by Hōjō Tsunanari , who ultimately surrendered just after the lunar New Year , and withdrew to Odawara .
John Franks Vallentin John Franks Vallentin VC ( 14 May 1882 – 7 November 1914 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Vallentin was the nephew of Brevet - Major John Maximilian Vallentin ( 1865 – 1901 ) and of the noted naturalist Rupert Vallentin ( 1859 – 1934 ) . His grandfather Sir James Vallentin ( 1814 – 1870 ) was Knight Sheriff of London , and his cousin Archibald Thomas Pechey , the lyricist and author , adapted the family name for his nom de plume ' Valentine ' . He was commissioned into the 6th ( Militia ) Battalion , Rifle Brigade in 1899 . He later transferred to a Territorial Force battalion of the South Staffordshire Regiment , and then to the Regular Army . Vallentin was 32 years old , and a captain in the 1st Battalion , The South Staffordshire Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place at the first Battle of Ypres for which he was awarded the VC . On 7 November 1914 at Zillebeke , Belgium , when leading an attack against the Germans under very heavy fire , Captain Vallentin was struck down and on rising to continue the attack , was immediately killed . The capture of the enemy ' s trenches which immediately followed was in a great measure due to the confidence which the men had in their captain , arising from his many previous acts of great bravery and ability .
SS Bernhard Blumenfeld The Bernhard Blumenfeld was a cargo ship that was completed in 1921 as the SS " Dalewood " by Eltringham ' s , Ltd . , Willington on Tyne , England . She was sold to a German company in 1923 and renamed the " Bernhard Blumenfeld " . She was sold again in 1938 and renamed the " Carl Jüngst " . This ship was seized by the British Army in the port of Kiel , Germany , in May 1945 and given to the Ministry of War Transport which renamed her the " Empire Durant " . In 1946 , she was donated to the Soviet Union and there renamed the " Tambov " . She was deleted from the Soviet shipping registries in 1958 . Description . This ship was built in 1921 by Eltringham ' s , Ltd . , Willington on Tyne , England . This ship was long , with a beam of . She had a draft of and a draught of . She was assessed at 2 , 879 GRT , 1 , 695 NRT . Her DWT was 4 , 450 . This ship was propelled by a 288 nominal horsepower triple expansion steam engine that had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Eltringham ' s . History . " Dalewood " was built in 1921 for W France , Fenwick & Co , Ltd . , London . She was completed in August . The United Kingdom Official Number 146080 was allocated . In 1923 , she was sold to the B . Blumenfeld Kommandit Gesellschaft auf Aktien , Hamburg and renamed " Bernhard Blumenfeld " . The Code Letters RDSN were allocated and her port of registry was Hamburg . With the change of Code Letters in 1934 , she was allocated DHCG . In 1938 , the " Bernhard Blumenfeld " was sold to the Krupp Reederei und Kohlenhandel GmbH , Essen and renamed the " Carl Jüngst " . Her Code Letters and port of registry remained unchanged . In May 1945 , the " Carl Jüngst " was seized by the British Army at Kiel , Germany . Declared a war prize , she was passed to the MoWT and renamed the SS " Empire Durant " . She regained her Official Number 146080 and was allocated the Code Letters GMQJ . She was assessed as 2 , 902 GRT , 1 , 696 NRT . In 1946 , the " Empire Durant " was donated to the Soviet Union . She was renamed the " Tambov " , serving as the mother ship for Soviet fishing fleets . In May 1950 , the " Tambov " , along with 30 trawlers , called at Mount ' s Bay , Cornwall , for refueling . This fleet was on a voyage from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea , where they were to fish for sprat s . " Tambov " was deleted from shipping registers in 1958 .
George Luck General Sir George Luck ( 1840 – 10 December 1916 ) was a British Army officer . Military career . Luck was commissioned into the 15th Regiment of Foot in 1858 . He commanded the 15th Hussars during the Second Anglo - Afghan War between 1878 and 1880 . He became Inspector - General of Cavalry in India in 1887 , Inspector - General of Cavalry in the UK in 1893 and Commander - in - Chief , Bengal Command in 1898 before retiring in 1903 . In retirement he lived at Landford Lodge in Salisbury , Wiltshire and became Keeper of the Tower . He married Ellen Georgina Adams ; they had no children .
Mann ( military rank ) Mann ( German for " man " ) , was a paramilitary rank used by several Nazi Party paramilitary organizations between 1925 and 1945 . The rank is most often associated with the SS , and also as a rank of the SA where " Mann " was the lowest enlisted rank and was the equivalent of a private . In 1938 , with the rise of the " SS - Verfügungstruppe " ( later renamed the " Waffen - SS " ) , the SS changed the rank of SS - Mann to " Schütze " , although still retained the original SS rank of " Mann " for the " Allgemeine - SS " ( general SS ) . The rank of " Mann " was junior to " SS - Sturmmann " . In most Nazi Party organizations , the rank of " Mann " held no distinctive insignia . Some groups , however , granted a minor form of rank insignia such as a blank collar patch or simple shoulder board to denote the rank of " Mann " . ( see right : SS rank insignia pattern from 1933 ) Even lower ranks , e . g . " Bewerber , Jungmann , Anwärter , Vollanwärter , were established in the mid - 1930s as a recruit or candidate position , held by an individual seeking an appointment as a " Mann " in a Nazi Party paramilitary organization .
7 . 2 - Inch Demolition Rocket The 7 . 2 - Inch Demolition Rocket , also known as the T37 , was a rocket developed and used by the United States military during World War II . Derived from the " Mousetrap " anti - submarine rocket , it was intended for use in demolishing concrete bunker s and fortifications , and saw use from August 1944 . Development . The 7 . 2 - Inch Demolition Rocket was developed by Section L of the National Defense Research Committee , located at Caltech , in late 1943 as a modification of the existing " mousetrap " ( 7 . 2 - Inch ASW Rocket ) rocket for use against heavily fortified ground targets . Assigned to the United States Navy for development and production in July 1944 , two versions of the rocket were produced ; the T37 HE Demolition Rocket and the T21 Chemical Warfare Rocket . An additional high - explosive rocket , the T24 , was planned , but was dropped in favor of the T37 . The rockets utilized a standard rocket motor , fitted with a larger - diameter warhead ; a longer - ranged version utilizing a motor was also produced . Operational history . The T37 saw its first operational use during Operation Dragoon , the invasion of southern France , in August 1944 , fired from 120 - round " Woofus " launchers mounted aboard Landing Craft Rocket vessels offshore . The rocket was also intended to be fired from tanks for the clearing of bunkers and anti - tank obstacles . The initial launcher , dubbed " Cowcatcher " , was mounted on the front of M4 Sherman tanks ; it was quickly found unsatisfactory , and was replaced by 20 - round ( T40 " Whiz Bang " ) and 24 - round ( " Grand Slam " ) launchers mounted atop the tank ' s turret . The 20 - round launcher could fire its entire loadout of rockets in approximately 10 seconds ; however the tank installation was unpopular with crews , as the launcher prevented the tank ' s turret hatches from being opened .
Operation Nordwind ( 1941 ) Operation North Wind ( " Unternehmen Nordwind " ) was a joint German - Finnish naval operation in the Baltic Sea in 1941 , in the course of World War II . The operation itself was a distracting manoeuvre so that another German force could occupy the Estonian islands of Hiiumaa and Saaremaa without the interference of the Soviet Red Fleet . The operation suffered a major setback when the Finnish coastal defence ship " Ilmarinen " ran into a minefield and sank . It is uncertain if the Soviets ever noticed the fleet as they never responded .
Joseph Burns ( U . S . politician ) Joseph Burns ( March 11 , 1800 – May 12 , 1875 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio . Born in Waynesboro , Virginia , Burns moved to Ohio with his parents , who settled in New Philadelphia in 1815 , and near Coshocton , Coshocton County , in 1816 . He attended the urban schools . He engaged in industrial pursuits . Auditor of Coshocton County 1821 – 1838 . He served as member of the State house of representatives 1838 – 1840 . County clerk 1843 – 1851 . He served as a major general in the State militia . He was a Presidential elector in 1848 for Cass / Butler . Burns was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty - fifth Congress ( March 4 , 1857 – March 3 , 1859 ) . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858 to the Thirty - sixth Congress . He engaged in the drug business in Coshocton , Ohio . Probate judge of Coshocton County . He died in Coshocton , Ohio , May 11 , 1876 . He was interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery .
XVI Corps ( United States ) The XVI Corps of the U . S . Army was initially constituted on 1 October 1933 as part of the Organized Reserves , and was activated on 7 December 1943 at Fort Riley , Kansas . During the Second World War , XVI Corps fought in the European Theater of Operations as part of the Ninth United States Army . After the end of the war the corps was inactivated on 7 December 1945 at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey . XVI Corps was reactivated in April 1951 as the Far East Command reserve . Following its reactivation in May 1951 , XVI US Corps was headquartered at Sendai , Japan , until it was inactivated there on November 20 , 1954 . The Corps mission was to control Divisions and other units attached to it by Far East Command . Elements of 40th and 24th IDs and 1st Cav . Div . under XVI US Corps control were stationed at Camp Schimmelpfennig from 1951 until after the Corps was inactivated . The corps was active again from 22 November 1957 until 30 April 1968 at Omaha , Nebraska . Commanders . Artillery commander