naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Three - volley salute The 3 - volley salute is a ceremonial act performed at military and police funerals as part of the drill and ceremony of the Honor Guard . It consists of a rifle party firing blank cartridges into the air three times . The custom originates from the European dynastic wars , where the fighting ceased so the dead and wounded could be removed . Then , three shots were fired into the air to signal that the battle could resume . A rifle party usually has an odd number of members , from 3 to 7 . The firearm used is typically a rifle , but at some police funerals , shotguns or handguns are used . The party usually stands so that the muzzles are pointed over the casket . However if mourners are present near the grave , the party stands some distance away ( often recommended at least 50 feet ) so as to not deafen the attendees and minimize the disturbance . If the service is being performed indoors , the firing party stands outside the building , often near the front entrance . On the command of the NCO - in - charge , the party raises their weapons and fires three times in unison . Modern United States military parties use M1 , M14 or M16 rifles . The use of blank cartridges means these weapon ' s semi - automatic gas action will not function , requiring manual cycling of the next round between shots . Some parties equip the rifle with a blank - firing adapter , which eliminates this step from the drill after the first shot , though this is seen by some as less traditional . Similarly , the M1 and M14 are generally preferred over the current issue M16 because the appearance of these older rifles is more traditional and the charging handles are more easily operated in a dignified , ceremonial manner . The three - volley salute is not to be confused with the 21 - gun salute ( or 19 - gun or 17 - gun , etc . ) which uses a battery of artillery pieces .
Castle Hill , Mere Castle Hill , also called Mere Castle , was a medieval fortification built by Richard , the Earl of Cornwall , in 1253 on a hill overlooking the village of Mere , Wiltshire , England . The castle was constructed in stone , with six towers , inner buildings and gates . It was abandoned in the 14th century and stripped of its stone and metalwork . Only earthworks remain in the 21st century . History . Construction . The village of Mere was a small and unimportant settlement in the early 13th century . In 1243 Richard , the Earl of Cornwall , acquired the manor . Richard was the brother of Henry III and immensely rich . In 1253 he began to build a castle at Mere . The castle was built on top of a local hill , overlooking the village ; the hill was flattened and scarped , with a deep ditch cut into the west side . As archaeologist Phil Mcmahon describes , documentary sources imply the castle was " a rectangular stone - built structure with six towers , incorporating a hall , an inner and outer gate , a deep well and a chapel " , and it may have resembled a smaller version of Framlingham Castle . The castle was probably entered from the west , with a possible road running up the south side of the hill . At the same time the village was expanded into a planned town with an unofficial market . The castle was renovated in 1300 , possibly in response to the threat of rebellion in England at the time . Decline . Richard ' s son Edmund inherited the property , but on his death it was taken back by the Crown . Edward II gave it to his royal favourite , Piers Gaveston , whom he made Earl of Cornwall . Edward II and Gaveston fell from power in 1327 and John , Edward ' s second son , took possession as the new Earl of Cornwall . Edward III then reacquired the castle , which became a permanent part of the Duchy of Cornwall . During the 14th century , however , the castle had declined and became abandoned . In 1398 Richard II had the lead taken from the castle roofs for reuse at Portchester Castle . In 1660 , visitors ' accounts imply that the stonework had all been dismantled , and 18th - century accounts suggest that this was reused for construction work in the town below , which had prospered from the wool and later linen trade . 21st century . In the 21st century the site is protected under law as a scheduled monument . It is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall , and leased to the local parish council . A flagpole , which is illuminated at night , and a memorial to the 43rd ( Wessex ) Infantry Division are located on the castle site . A ceremony is held at the castle site each Easter . Archaeological investigation . Archaeological excavations of the site were carried out in 1887 by T . H . Baker and C . N . Wyld , but most of the results of their work were subsequently lost .
Chernihiv ( air base ) Chernihiv ( also given in the Soviet era as Chernigov ) is an air base in Ukraine located 5 km north of Chernihiv . It was a training base . It was home to 701 UAP ( 701st Aviation Training Regiment ) flying 101 Aero L - 39C aircraft as of 1992 . The Chernihiv Military Aviation School of Pilots was activated on 6 . 11 . 40 in Chernihiv . 17 . 7 . 41 renamed Zernograd Military Aviation School of Pilots , but reverted to its old name 21 . 10 . 41 . 5 . 12 . 44 awarded the Red Banner . 9 . 45 had five training squadrons ( 1st to 5th ) . 15 . 7 . 46 disbanded . Reformed 15 . 2 . 51 at Chernihiv , Chernihiv Oblast , as the 57th Military Aviation School of Pilots . Organisation 1960 : In 1963 the school was renamed Chernihiv Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots . In October 1968 the school was named " imeni Leninist Komsomol " . The school was subordinated to the : In early 1992 the school was taken over by the government of Ukraine .
South Manchuria Railway Zone The , or SMR Zone , was the area of Japanese extraterritorial rights in northeast China , in connection with the operation of the South Manchurian Railway . History . Following the Japanese victory over Imperial Russia and the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth , the South Manchuria branch ( from Changchun to Lüshun ) of the China Far East Railway was transferred to Japanese control . Japan claimed that this control included all the rights and privileges granted to Russia by China in the Li - Lobanov Treaty of 1896 , as enlarged by the Kwantung Lease Agreement of 1898 ; which included absolute and exclusive administration within the railway zone . The SMZ Zone was geographically a 62 meter wide strip of land on either side of the South Manchurian Railway tracks , extending along the 700 kilometer main trunk route from Dalian to Changchun , the 260 kilometer Mukden to Antung route , and four other spur routes , for a total length of 1100 kilometers , and a total land area of 250 square kilometers . These rail lines connected 25 cities and towns , and within each town the SMZ included warehouses , repair shops , coal mines and electrical facilities deemed necessary to maintain the trains . Japan stationed railway guards to provide security for the trains and tracks throughout the SMZ ; however , these were regular Japanese soldiers , and they frequently carried on maneuvers outside the railway areas . In addition , Japan also maintained Consular Police attached to the Japanese consulates and branch consulates in major cities as Harbin , Tsitsihar , and Manchouli , as well as in the Chientao District , in which lived large numbers of ethnic Koreans . In 1915 , Japan presented to China the Twenty - One Demands resulting in the Sino - Japanese Treaty of 1915 . The treaty provided that Japanese subjects would be free to reside and travel in South Manchuria and engage in business and manufacture of any kind , and could lease land necessary for erecting suitable buildings for trade , manufacturing and agricultural enterprises . Japan loosely interpreted this include most of Manchuria in the term " South Manchuria " . After the foundation of Manchukuo , with full Japanese control over all of Manchuria , the SMZ ceased to have a function , and was abolished in 1937 .
Charles Fraser MacLean Charles Fraser MacLean ( November 21 , 1841 – March 20 , 1924 ) was an American jurist . Born in New Hartford , New York , he began attending Yale University as a junior in 1862 . He graduated in 1864 and was a member of Skull and Bones . In 1866 , he was the first person to be awarded a PhD in philosophy from an American institution . His dissertation was " A Critique of John Stuart Mill ' s Examination of Hamilton ' s Philosophy " . In 1869 he earned his JUD at the University of Berlin . His dissertation was " De Jure Emigrandi " . During the Franco - Prussian War , MacLean was a war correspondent for the " New York World " . He accompanied U . S . military observer General Philip Sheridan and acted as his interpreter . He was one of the first non - combatants to enter Paris following the surrender of the French and witnessed the signing of the Treaty of Versailles . He recounted the Battle of Sedan and the capture of Napoleon III in his " The Surrender of an Emperor " , published in " The Second Book of the Authors Club : Liber Scriptorum " ( 1921 ) . He also interviewed Otto von Bismarck , Patrice de Mac - Mahon , Duke of Magenta , Adolphe Thiers , and Léon Gambetta . After a brief stint in St . Petersburg for " The Times " , he returned to the US to practice law . He entered the law office of Samuel J . Tilden , who was related to his mother , and would practice law in New York City most of the rest of his life . He lectured on law at Columbia University ( 1873 - 4 ) and New York University ( 1885 – 97 ) . He served on the Board of Police Commissioners variously as counsel , a member , and president and served in various other city office and boards . He was elected to be a judge on the New York Supreme Court and served for fourteen years ( 1895 – 1909 ) . In 1887 , he married Marie Mott ( 1854 ? - 1946 ) , daughter of industrialist Jordan L . Mott .
USS Dunlin ( AM - 361 ) USS Dunlin ( AM - 361 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . She earned three battle star s in service in the Pacific during World War II . In May 1946 , she was turned over to the Republic of China for service with the Chinese Maritime Customs Service . Her fate is unreported in secondary source s . Career . " Dunlin " was launched 26 August 1943 by Willamette Iron and Steel Corp . , Portland , Oregon ; sponsored by Mrs . Ernest E . Lissy ; and commissioned 16 February 1945 , Lieutenant T . T . Wuerth , USNR . in command . " Dunlin " arrived at Guam from San Pedro , California , 7 June 1945 . Ten days later she sailed for Okinawa to join in sweeping operations in the East China Sea in coordination with the U . S . 3rd Fleet strikes against Japan . On 6 September " Dunlin " left Okinawa to sweep the approaches to Sasebo and Nagasaki . Between 20 September and 31 October she cleared Bungo Suido area and after an escort voyage between Hiro Wan and Kure , arrived at Sasebo 20 November to unload her minesweeping gear and supervise Japanese minesweepers operating in Ozue and Ariake Wans . " Dunlin " put out from Sasebo 18 January 1946 for Pusan , Korea , arriving the next day . She checked the harbor for acoustic mines , then carried cargo from Chinhae for Allied vessels at Fusan . She was at Sasebo from 1 February until 4 March , then escorted four YMS s by way of Hong Kong to Subic Bay arriving 18 March . She was demilitarized there and sailed to Shanghai , China , arriving 22 April . " Dunlin " was decommissioned 29 May 1946 and turned over to the Foreign Liquidation Committee of the State Department for transfer to the Chinese Maritime Commission . " Dunlin " received three battle stars for World War II service .
134th Battalion ( 48th Highlanders ) , CEF The 134th ( 48th Highlanders ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War . Based in Toronto , Ontario , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in that city . After sailing to England in August 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 12th Reserve Battalion on March 7 , 1918 . The 134th ( 48th Highlanders ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . A . A . Miller . The 134th Battalion is perpetuated by the 48th Highlanders of Canada .
Calico Liberty The Calico Liberty is a roller - delayed blowback - operated semi - automatic rifle ( Liberty II ) or pistol ( Liberty III ) chambered for the 9 mm Para round , designed by Calico Light Weapons Systems . These firearm s use an unusual 50 or 100 - round helical magazine that allow for a large number of rounds in a relatively compact and convenient package . The spent cartridges are discharged in an unusual fashion as well : downward , ahead of the trigger guard . This makes it relatively easy to fit an effective device to catch the cartridge cases , which can then be reloaded . A full - automatic ( machine gun ) version is available for military , police and other government agencies .
Military Division of the Atlantic Military Division of the Atlantic , was one of the military divisions of the U . S . Army created by GENERAL ORDERS No . 118 . on June 27 , 1865 . The President directed that the United States was to be divided into military divisions and sub - divided into military departments . Military Division of the Atlantic included the Department of the East , Middle Department , Department of Virginia , Department of North Carolina : and Department of South Carolina with its headquarters at Philadelphia .
Ángel Sanz Briz Ángel Sanz - Briz ( Zaragoza , September 28 , 1910 - Rome , June 11 , 1980 ) was an Spanish professional diplomat of the Francoist Spain during World War II who helped save many Hungarian Jews from Nazi persecution . After studying law , his first diplomatic posting was to Cairo . He was sent to Budapest in 1942 where he was helped by Giorgio Perlasca , an Italian veteran of the Spanish Civil War , with saving the lives of 5 , 200 Jews from the Holocaust by issuing them fake Spanish papers ; as Spain was neutral in the war , this made the difference between life and death for those Jews . In 1944 , as the Red Army approached Budapest , he was ordered to leave for Switzerland . After that time Perlasca continued his labor with fake documents . After these events , Sanz Briz continued his diplomatic career : he was posted to San Francisco and Washington DC , Lima , Bern , Bayonne , Guatemala , The Hague , Brussels and China ( 1973 , where he became the first Spanish ambassador ) . In 1976 he was sent to Rome as Ambassador of Spain before the Holy See , where he died on June 11 , 1980 . Sanz Briz himself tells how he was able to save the lives of so many Jews , in book " Los judíos en España " ( 1973 ) . He is also the subject of the 2011 Spanish television series " El ángel de Budapest " . In 1991 , he was recognized by the Holocaust Museum Yad Vashem of Israel , and gave his heirs the title of Righteous Among the Nations . In 1994 the Hungarian government gave him the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary .
Ryōgen Over the course of the 10th century , there had been a number of disputes between Enryaku - ji and the other temples and shrines of the Kyōto area , many of which were resolved by force . In 970 , Ryōgen formed a small army to defend Enryaku - Temple and to serve its interests in these disputes . Records are not fully clear on whether this army consisted of hired mercenaries , or , as would be the case later , trained monks . Most likely , this first temple standing army was a mercenary group , separate from the monks , since Ryōgen forbade monks from carrying weapons . In addition to the prohibition on carrying weapons , Ryōgen ' s monks were subject to a list of 26 articles released by Ryōgen in 970 ; they were forbidden from covering their faces , inflicting corporal punishment , violently interrupting prayer services , or leaving Mount Hiei during their 12 - year training .
Addison Alexander MacKenzie Addison Alexander ( Lex ) Mackenzie MC ( 1885 – 1970 ) , was a Canadian soldier and politician from Richmond Hill , Ontario . He originally pursued a military career , joining the Governor - General ' s Body Guard in 1912 . He was transferred to France as part of the 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles in 1915 , was wounded and decorated for valour ( Military Cross ) at the Battle of the Somme ( 1916 ) , and was later wounded at Vimy Ridge . After the war , Mackenzie left the army and returned to the family farm and took up farming . He entered municipal politics , serving as a member of the Woodbridge ( Ont . ) Village Council and later as reeve . He was elected member of the Legislature for York North under the Progressive Conservative banner in 1945 and represented the riding until his retirement at the 1967 provincial election . Mackenzie also served as a member of the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority ( 1961 - 1970 ) , and was a charter member of the Woodbridge Horticultural Society . The Woodbridge branch of the Royal Canadian Legion is named in his honour as is Major Mackenzie Drive in the Regional Municipality of York , as well as Alexander Mackenzie High School . Mackenzie died in 1970 .
Pauk - class corvette The Pauk class is the NATO reporting name for a class of small patrol corvette s built for the Soviet Navy and export customers between 1977 and 1989 . The Russian designation is " Project 1241 . 2 " Molniya - 2 . These ships are designed for coastal patrol and inshore anti - submarine warfare . The design is the patrol version of the Tarantul class corvette which is designated " Project 1241 . 1 " by the Russians , but is slightly longer and has diesel engines . The Ships are fitted with a dipping sonar which is also used in Soviet helicopters . Ships . Soviet Navy . 45 boats were built for the Soviets , of which 18 remain in Russian Navy service ( including those operated by the Maritime border guard ) . Four ships are operated by the Ukrainian Navy or Ukrainian Coast Guard ( sources vary ) Export . Bulgarian Navy . Two ships transferred in 1989 / 90 - " Bodri " ( Brisk ) and " Reshitelni " ( Decisive ) Cuban Navy . One ship in service . Indian Navy . Four ships transferred in the late 1980s and are known as the " Abhay " class . A plan to license - produce more units in India was abandoned in favor of the indigenous " Kamorta " class . Ships named INS Abhay ( Fearless ) INS Ajay ( Unconquerable ) INS Akshay ( Indestructible ) INS Agray ( Aggressive ) Ukrainian Navy . Two ships transferred , the U207 " Uzghorod " ( now decommissioned ) and the U208 " Khmelnytskyi " ( in service ) . Ukrainian Sea Guard . BG - 51 " Poltava " is in service with the Ukrainian Sea Guard .
12th Fighter Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 12th Fighter Division is a unit of the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army Air Force ( PLA - AF ) . Initially established in 1950 . PLA - AF fighter divisions generally consist of about 17 , 000 personnel and 70 - 120 aircraft .
Francis Moore ( Medal of Honor ) Francis Moore ( born 1858 , date of death unknown ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Biography . Born in 1858 in New York , Moore joined the Navy from that state . By January 23 , 1882 , he was serving as a boatswain ' s mate on the training ship . On that day , while " Portsmouth " was at the Washington Navy Yard , Moore jumped overboard in an attempt to rescue carpenter and caulker , Thomas Duncan , who had fallen overboard , from drowning . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor three years later , on October 18 , 1884 . Moore ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For jumping overboard from the U . S . Training Ship " Portsmouth " , at the Washington Navy Yard , 23 January 1882 , and endeavoring to rescue Thomas Duncan , carpenter and calker , who had fallen overboard .
Periscope rifle A periscope rifle is a rifle that has been adapted to enable it to be sighted by the use of a periscope . This enables the firer to remain concealed below cover . They were developed in response to the trench warfare conditions of the First World War , and while it is not clear which army was the first to use periscope rifles , the weapons were in use by the end of 1914 . Similar devices were also built for use with machine guns . A form of periscope rifle was invented by Sergeant William Beech of the 2nd Battalion , Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) , in May 1915 , during the Gallipoli campaign . The device allowed a soldier to aim and fire a rifle from a trench , without being exposed to enemy fire . Beech , who worked as a builder ' s foreman in civilian life , modified a standard Lee - Enfield . 303 , by cutting the stock in half . The two halves were re - connected with a board and mirror periscope , horizontally aligned to the sights of the rifle , as well as a string to pull the trigger , which allowed the rifle to be fired from beneath the line of fire . Beech ' s device was quickly copied by other members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ( ANZAC ) . It saw extensive use in the intense trench warfare of Gallipoli , where some lines of trenches – such as the parapets at Quinn ' s Post – were within 50 metres of one another . It was generally regarded as significantly less accurate than a conventional Lee - Enfield , and test conducted on the documentary series " The Boffin , The Builder , The Bombardier " suggested that the effective range was approximately 100 yards . Periscope rifles were later manufactured in crude production lines on the beach at Anzac Cove . See also . Similar weapons
M90 Rocket Launcher The RBR - 120 mm M90 ( nicknamed " Стршлен " or " Strsljen " , meaning hornet ) is a light - weight , single - use , unguided anti - tank rocket launcher . The launcher is produced by Eurokompozit of Prilep , Macedonia , while the anti - tank rocket is produced by Sloboda of Cacak , Serbia . It is intended for use against tanks and other armored vehicles in addition to fortifications and infantry . On impact a piezoelectric impact fuse in the rocket triggers the shaped charge warhead , which can penetrate an equivalent of over 800 millimeters of RHA . Users . The M90 Strsljen was designed and manufactured in the former Yugoslavia . It has continued production in Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia .
Thomas P . Bostick Thomas P . Bostick ( born 23 September 1956 ) is the 53rd Chief of Engineers of the United States Army and Commanding General of the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers . Bostick graduated from the United States Military Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1978 . He holds a Master of Science degree in both mechanical engineering and civil engineering from the Stanford University . He is a Registered Professional Engineer in Virginia . He was also an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the United States Military Academy , as well as a White House Fellow , serving as a special assistant to the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs .