naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Roland von Hößlin Roland - Heinrich von Hößlin , or Hösslin ( 21 February 1915 – 13 October 1944 ) was a German Wehrmacht officer and resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich . Career . Roland von Hößlin was born in Munich into an old cavalry officer family . In 1933 , at 17 , he joined the Reichswehr and became an ensign ( " " Fahnenjunker " " ) in Mounted Regiment 17 in Bamberg . In 1936 , he was promoted to lieutenant . In 1939 , during the Second World War , he took part in the Invasion of Poland as a first lieutenant and adjutant in Reconnaissance Detachment 10 . He later had tank training at the " Panzertruppenschule " in Krampnitz , now part of Potsdam , and from March to July 1941 , he was an orderly officer with the Afrika Korps staff in Tripolitania under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel . In August 1941 , von Hößlin was named chief of the 3rd Reconnaissance Detachment 33 , and in February 1942 , he was promoted to captain . On 12 July 1942 , he was badly wounded as leader of Reconnaissance Detachment 33 , and he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( " Ritterkreuz " ) . His brother Hartmut von Hößlin was also awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 17 April 1945 as commander of II . / ArtRgt 7 . By February 1944 , von Hößlin was commander of the Officer - Candidate Training Detachment 24 in Insterburg , East Prussia ( nowadays Chernyakhovsk in Russia ' s Kaliningrad Oblast ) . In April 1944 , through his earlier friendship with Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg , he was let in on the July 20 Plot ters ' plans to overthrow Adolf Hitler . In the event of a successful coup d ' état , von Hößlin was to have his unit in " Wehrkreis I " ( i . e . , East Prussia ) occupy important buildings and take other measures against the Nazi régime . On 1 August 1944 , a week and a half after the failed plot at the Wolf ' s Lair , came a transfer to Meiningen in Thuringia and a promotion to major . On 23 August 1944 , however , von Hößlin was arrested by the Gestapo , and shortly thereafter was ejected from the Wehrmacht . On 13 October 1944 came the sentencing by Roland Freisler at von Hößlin ' s trial at the " Volksgerichtshof " . Freisler sentenced him to death for his part in the plot to assassinate Hitler , and Roland von Hößlin was hanged that same afternoon at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin . At Bamberg Cathedral , a plaque commemorates the five " Bamberg Troopers " – among them Roland von Hößlin – who gave their lives in the struggle against the Nazi régime .
W56 The W56 is an American thermonuclear warhead produced starting in 1963 which saw service until 1993 , on the Minuteman I and II ICBM s . The W56 was manufactured in a series of models , all the same rough size and 1 . 2 megaton yield . The Mod - 1 , Mod - 2 , and Mod - 3 variants weighed 600 pounds , with the Mod - 4 variant weighing 680 pounds . All versions were diameter by long . The W56 demonstrated a yield - to - weight ratio of 4 . 96kt per kg of device weight , and very close to the predicted 5 . 1kt / kg achievable in the highest yield to weight weapon ever built , the 25 megaton B41 . However unlike the B41 , which was never tested at full yield , the W56 demonstrated its efficiency in the XW - 56X2 Bluestone shot of Operation Dominic in 1962 , thus from information available in the public domain , the W56 may hold the distinction of demonstrating the highest efficiency in a nuclear weapon to date . The early models ( Mod - 1 , Mod - 2 , and Mod - 3 ) were produced starting in 1963 and retired in September 1966 . The Mod - 4 model was in production through 1969 and saw service until 1993 . 1 , 000 total were produced , of which 455 were Mod - 4 . The early models had to be retrofitted to fix a reliability problem , likely leading to their early retirement . All retired W56 warheads were stored , to be finally dismantled by the end of June , 2006 . One warhead nearly experienced a high - explosive detonation with no nuclear yield in 2005 because an unsafe amount of pressure was applied while it was being disassembled
German submarine U - 3 ( 1935 ) German submarine " U - 3 " was a Type IIA U - boat laid down at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel on 11 February 1935 as " Werk " 238 . She was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 6 August 1936 under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " ( Oblt . z . S . ) Hans Meckel . " U - 3 " carried out a total of five combat patrols ; she sank two ships while under the command of Joachim Schepke . During April 1940 , she was part of the fleet that supported the German invasion of Norway , Operation " Weserübung " . As the Type II submarines were too small for combat duty in the Atlantic Ocean , she was assigned to the Baltic for training duties with the 21st U - boat Flotilla , a training outfit . Emblem . " U - 3 " is known to have had three emblems ; one was an oak leaf , with an anchor and a knife or dagger . She also shared this emblem with , , , and . Operational history . 1st and 2nd patrols . The boat ' s first patrol was relatively uneventful . Her second sortie was toward the British east Anglian coast . 3rd patrol . She sank the Danish ship " Vendia " and the Swedish vessel " Gun " for a total of on 30 September 1939 . " U - 3 " closed the " Vendia " and as was common practice in the early days of the war , ordered her to stop after a few warning shots were fired . The ship ' s fate is disputed . The German submariners said the Danish vessel tried to ram the U - boat . The ship ' s crew were convinced she swung with the strength of the wind . A torpedo was fired which hit the vessel and sank her . The " Gun " was attacked in the Skagerrak northwest of Hanstholm . By now wary from the experience with the " Vendia " , the U - boat sent a boarding party to the Swedish ship , but was obliged to dive by the arrival of . " U - 3 " fired a torpedo at the British submarine , which missed ; indeed they were not aware they had been targeted . The German vessel left the area and came across a lifeboat from the " Gun " , telling the Swedes in it to return to their ship as she was still afloat . The German boarding party had left the ship in a lifeboat , but were picked up by the Danish merchant ship " Dagmar " . " U - 3 " recovered them and put a torpedo into the empty " Gun " . 4th and 5th patrols . Patrol number four was also quiet , but number five was enlivened by another British submarine , , firing six torpedoes west of Egersund at the U - boat on 16 April 1940 . They were originally thought to have been aimed at , but the attack caused no damage . Fate . " U - 3 " was stricken on 1 August 1944 in Gotenhafen . She was captured by Great Britain on 3 May 1945 and scrapped that same year .
Władysław Dworaczek Władysław Dworaczek ( 9 September 1912 in Gleiwitz ( today Gliwice ) ( Sośnica ) - 22 December 2003 in Rybnik ) was a Polish educator and community organiser , as well as a political prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps . Biography . Dworaczek graduated from the elementary school in Kończyce , near the city of Zabrze , in 1932 . He then entered a seminary for teachers in Pszczyna in 1938 , finishing in 1948 . Later he took courses in instruction of Polish language , in Katowice , where he subsequently pursued a Master ' s Degree course and graduated in 1951 . He later received a master ' s degree in Polish philology from the University of Silesia in 1972 . Dworaczek began his teaching work on 1 August 1932 in the village of Gaschowitz ( then in Germany , today in Poland ) , working until the start of World War II . During the Nazi occupation of Poland he was persecuted . From 1 May 1940 until 20 April 1941 he was a political prisoner in the 3 Nazi concentration camps : Dachau , Mauthausen and Gusen . After being discharged and unable to find employment in his field , he became a church organist in Halemba . In March 1945 he returned to Gaszowice , where he became the director of the elementary school until his retirement in 1972 . He was also a member of the The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association , ( " ZHP " ) with the Scouting Cross No . 11 , one of the few that survived the Second World War in Silesia .
Arthur Banks Sergeant Arthur Banks GC ( 6 October 1923 – 20 December 1944 ) was a member of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War who was tortured and killed after being captured behind enemy lines . He was posthumously awarded the George Cross for his courage during captivity . Early life . Banks was born in Llanddulas ( a village near Abergele in North Wales ) . His father , Captain Charles Banks , was a distinguished pilot in the First World War who was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his wartime service . Banks attended St Edward ' s School , Oxford until 1941 . Military career . Banks enlisted in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in 1942 and become a member of 112 Squadron , Desert Air Force . On 29 August 1944 , three weeks into his active service with 112 Squadron , he was shot down over Northern Italy whilst undertaking an armed reconnaissance operation in a Mustang . He tried to reach the Allied lines and made contact with a partisans group ( the Boccato group ) . During the following months he " became an outstanding figure , advising and encouraging them in action against the enemy " . In December 1944 , an attempt to cross to Allied territory was planned to enable resupplying of the partisans to take place , but the group Banks was with was betrayed and captured by German forces . He was tortured by German authorities and then by the Italian Militia over a period of several days , but Banks remained silent . He was then stripped , doused in petrol and set alight before being thrown , weighted down , into the River Po . He managed to survive this and swam to the river bank , where he was recaptured by the Brigate Nere ( Italian Fascists ) and shot in the head . Initially buried in a communal dung - heap by his captors , Banks is now buried at the Argenta Gap War Cemetery . There is also a commemoration stone for Banks at the War Memorial in Llanddulas . He was awarded the George Cross posthumously for his " courage and endurance " , with his conduct being described as " at all times , in keeping with the highest traditions of the Service , even in the face of most brutal and inhuman treatment . " . Notice of the award was published in the London Gazette on 5 November 1946 . The Cross was presented to his father by King George VI . His captors were tried by a War Crimes Tribunal and were imprisoned for between 4 . 5 and 20 years ; the one who directed his torture was shot after being captured by Italians . The man who murdered Arthur Banks was Lieutenant Turati . Turati had been a member of the infamous Brigate Nere . Postwar , Ian Bell , Nazi hunter , captured Turati at his home in Italy .
Douglas Jackman Air Marshal Sir ( Harold ) Douglas Jackman KBE CB ( 26 October 1902 - 15 June 1991 ) was a senior Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief RAF Maintenance Command . RAF career . Jackman joined the Royal Air Force in 1926 initially serving as a Stores Officer . He served in World War II as an Administrative Staff Officer at Headquarters RAF Middle East , then as Air Officer Administration at Headquarters Mediterranean Air Command before becoming Assistant Air Officer Administration at Headquarters Mediterranean Allied Air Forces and then Air Officer Administration at Headquarters Balkan Air Force . After the War he was appointed Director of Movements and then Director of Organisation ( Forecasting and Planning ) at the Air Ministry . He went on to be Air Officer Commanding No . 40 Group in 1952 , Director - General of Equipment at the Air Ministry in 1955 and Air Officer Commanding RAF Maintenance Command in 1958 , where he laid the foundation stone for a new Headquarters at Andover before retiring in 1961 . In retirement he became Chief Co - ordinator of the Anglo - American Community Relations Scheme in the UK .
USCGC Biscayne Bay ( WTGB - 104 ) Design . " Biscayne Bay " is the fourth ship in a class of ice - breaking tugboats designed to have greater multi - mission capabilities than the 110 ' " Calumet " - class harbor tug ( WYTM ) . The most significant differences include : greater horsepower , greater speed , longer range , increased ice - breaking capability , a hull lubrication system ( bubbler ) , greater degree of automation , and better habitability .
William Blagheen William Blagheen ( born 1832 , date of death unknown ) , also known as William Blagden , was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Biography . Born in 1832 in Devon , England , Blagheen immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U . S . Navy . He served during the Civil War as a ship ' s cook on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he helped supply ammunition to " Brooklyn " ' s guns as part of the ship ' s powder division . He remained at his position near the shell whips ( devices used to lift artillery shells up to the gun deck ) despite heavy fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Blagheen ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Brooklyn " during successful attacks against Fort Morgan , rebel gunboats and the ram " Tennessee " in Mobile Bay , on 5 August 1864 . Stationed in the immediate vicinity of the shell whips which were twice cleared of men by bursting shells , Blagheen remained steadfast at his post and performed his duties in the powder division throughout the furious action which resulted in the surrender of the prize rebel ram " Tennessee " and in the damaging and destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan .
24th U - boat Flotilla 24th U - boat Flotilla ( " 24 . Unterseebootsflottille " ) was a training flotilla ( " " Ausbildungsflottille " " ) of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Unit history . The flotilla was founded at Danzig in November 1939 under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Hannes Weingärtner as the " Unterseebootsausbildungsflottille " ( " U - boat Training Flotilla " ) . It was redesignated " 1 . Unterseebootsausbildungsflottille " in April 1940 , and then " 24 . Unterseebootsflottille " in June 1940 . The flotilla trained new U - boat commanders in attack techniques in the " Kommandantenschiesslehrgang " ( " Commanders shooting training course " ) . The course lasted four weeks and trained 10 to 12 officers each time . The flotilla was disbanded in March 1945 . Assigned U - boats . Fifty - three U - boats were assigned to this flotilla during its service .
Combat command A Combat Command was a combined - arms military organization of comparable size to a brigade or regiment employed by armored forces of the U . S . Army from 1942 until 1963 . The structure of combat commands was task - organized and so the forces assigned to a combat command often varied from mission to mission . The concept of the combat command was developed by General Adna Chaffee during the 1930s . Chaffee ' s concept envisaged combined arms mechanized units with no formal structure . When the first U . S . armored divisions were organized a few years later , Chaffee ' s concepts for the combat command were incorporated into the divisional structure . The combat command was a flexible organization that did not have dedicated battalions . Instead , tank , armored infantry , and armored field artillery battalions , as well as smaller units of tank destroyer s , engineers , and mechanized cavalry were assigned as needed in order to accomplish any given mission . During a U . S . Army reorganization in the 1960s , the term " combat command " fell out of favor and was replaced by the designation " brigade " . While flexible , this task - force organization lacked the high cohesion characteristic of traditional regiments that always kept the same group of battalions together . The organization of the combat command contrasted with that of the infantry , who employed reinforced infantry regiments with permanently assigned infantry battalions . This type of infantry organization was called a Regimental combat team . Use of combat commands was first specified in " Armored Force Tentative Table of Organization A " , for armored divisions , dated December 22 , 1941 . The initial organization envisioned two combat command headquarters at the disposal of the armored division . The combat command headquarters themselves were small , fielding only five light tank s and 56 men . Revisions to this structure in 1943 resulted in a headquarters of 3 light tanks and 99 men . The 1943 structure also allowed for three combat command headquarters in an armored division . Within the armored division , the combat commands were named " A " , " B " , and later , " R " ( for Reserve ) . Thus , historical accounts of U . S . armored divisions of this period refer to " Combat Command B " or " CCB " and so forth . During the latter stages of World War II in Europe , armored divisions tended to fight with CCA and CCB , while moving worn - out battalions into CCR for rest and refit . In 1954 , CCR was redesignated " Combat Command C " ( CCC ) . The combat command proved to be the forerunner of modern U . S . Army organizational structure for divisions . In the early 1960s , divisions were restructured as part of the Reorganization Objective Army Division ( ROAD ) , in which all divisions , including infantry , were organized with three brigades which also did not have dedicated battalions and could be assigned as many battalions as needed for a mission . With the transition to ROAD divisions , the term " combat command " was no longer employed by the U . S . Army .
Castle Brederode Castle Brederode , also called the Ruïns of Brederode , is located near Santpoort - Zuid . The castle was founded in the second half of the 13th century by William I van Brederode ( 1215 – 1285 ) . William was a descendant of the lords van Teylingen , who were related to the counts of Holland . The castle formed part of the " high lordship Brederode " , which had been given in loan in the 13th century to the lords of Brederode by the count of Holland . The name Brederode is a reference to a wooded area called " Brede Roede " ( literally : broad wood ) , that was cleared and on which the castle was built . The castle was at first not more than a tower , but around 1300 Dirk II van Brederode had the tower pulled down and replaced with a proper castle . History . During the Hook and Cod wars , the Brederode family stayed loyal to Margaret of Bavaria . In 1351 the castle was besieged by Gijsbrecht van Nijenrode , who supported the opposing Cod faction . After the surrender of the castle , it was so badly damaged that it was demolished . After the reconciliation of the Brederode family and the counts of Holland in 1354 , the castle was rebuilt . It was no longer used as living space , but it did remain a base of strategic importance for the Hook faction , led by William van Brederode . When the Hook faction besieged Haarlem in 1426 , the Cod faction destroyed the southern part of the castle . William was forbidden to repair or enforce the castle , leaving it in a damaged state . Eventually in 1464 the north part of the castle was allowed to be restored . During the Rise of the cheese and bread people in 1492 , the castle was plundered by German soldiers . Since then it was no longer inhabited . In 1568 it fell to the States of Holland . During the forming of the Batavian Republic , the property was nationalised . Ever since , the ruins have been property of the State . After the defeat of the Geuzen at the Battle of Haarlemmermeer , Haarlem had to surrender to the Spanish soldiers in 1573 after the Siege of Haarlem . As a result the Protestant Lancelot van Brederode was beheaded and the castle was plundered and set on fire . Following this the castle was threatened by encroaching dunes . In 1579 Holland loaned the lordship to a side branch of the van Brederode family . In 1679 , Wolfert van Brederode , last lord of Brederode , died , and the ruins became property of the States of Holland and the Dutch Republic . In the 19th century the ruins were one of the first buildings to be restored by the government , and they became the first national monument of the Netherlands .
Battle of the Caucasus The Battle of the Caucasus is a name given to a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus area on the Eastern Front of World War II . Order of battle . Wehrmacht . Army Group A - General Field Marshal ( " Generalfeldmarschall " ) Wilhelm List Soviet operations . 1941 . There were no military operations in the region in 1941 . But the region was affected by warfare elsewhere in the Soviet Union . In his memoirs , Soviet Transcaucasian Front commander Ivan Tiulenev recounts how thousands of civilians attempted to flee from Ukraine to the comparatively safe Caspian ports , such as Makhachkala and Baku . The Caucasus area became a new area of industry when 226 factories were evacuated there during the 1941 industrial evacuation in Soviet Union . After the Grozny to Kiev line was captured during Axis advances , a new link between Moscow and Transcaucasia was established with the construction of the new railway line running from Baku to Orsk ( via Astrakhan ) , bypassing the front line Grozny , while a shipping line was maintained over the Caspian Sea through the town of Krasnovodsk in Turkmenistan . 1942 . In 1942 , the German Army ( " Wehrmacht Heer " ) launched Operation Edelweiss which was aimed at advancing to the oil fields of Azerbaijan . The German offensive slowed as it entered the mountains in the southern Caucasus and did not reach all of its 1942 objectives . After the Soviet breakthroughs in the region around Stalingrad , the German forces in the Caucusus were put on the defensive . Soviet military operations included 1943 . In early 1943 , the Germans began to withdraw and consolidate their positions in the region due to setbacks elsewhere . They established a defensive line in the Taman Peninsula from which they hoped to eventually launch new operations in the Caucasus . The fighting remained reasonably static until September 1943 when the Germans ordered fresh withdrawals which effectively ended the period of fighting in the Caucasus . Soviet Operations in 1943 consisted of the following . The key military base of Novorossiysk was retaken in September , 1943 . 1944 . During the Winter Spring Campaign of 1944 ( 1 January - 31 May ) , the Soviet army was able to launch an invasion of the Crimea from the Caucasus . Operations included :
Soldier Medic Training Site The Soldier Medic Training Site ( SMTS ) is located at Camp Bullis , Texas . It is designed to simulate conditions that new soldier medic s are likely to face while deployed to current areas of conflict . The staff is composed primarily of non - commissioned officer s that have been medics for at least five years and soldiers that have been deployed to combat .