naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Windsor Castle ( 1858 ) HMS " Windsor Castle was a triple - decker , 102 - gun first - rate Royal Navy ship of the line . She was renamed HMS " Cambridge in 1869 , when she replaced a ship of the same name as gunnery ship off Plymouth . Life . Early life . She was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard as HMS " Victoria " in 1844 , to the design of . She was intended to carry 110 guns , but work was suspended . She was reordered on 29 June 1848 to a modified design , and reordered again on 28 February 1857 when she was ordered to be converted from sail to steam propulsion whilst on the stocks and to be fitted with 120 guns . She was renamed " Windsor Castle " on 6 January 1855 and launched on 26 August 1858 , having since been reduced to carry 116 guns , and then 102 guns . She cost a total of £117 , 030 , £84 , 555 spent on her hull as a sailing vessel , her conversion had cost another £14 , 878 . 204 feet long , and of 4971 tons displacement , she had a crew of 930 , but almost immediately entered the first - class steam reserve - The Times reported on 13 September 1860 reported her as among the " ships and gunboats in the first - class steam reserve which could be got ready for the pennant at a short notice " . By 1862 she had been reduced to 97 guns . Gunnery school . She was renamed HMS " Cambridge " in 1869 , when she replaced a ship of the same name as gunnery ship off Plymouth . She was later joined by HMS " Calcutta " as her tender , with a wooden bridge between the bow of HMS " Cambridge " and the stern of the " Calcutta " . Other of her tenders included HMS " Gorgon " , " Plucky " and " Sabrina " ( around 1877 ) and HMS " Bonetta " , " Bulldog " , " Cuckoo " , " Hecate " , " Plucky " , " Sabrina " , " Snap " ( around 1890 ) , and " Undaunted " ( from 1901 ) . In 1890 , some of her officers were listed as bound for " Foudroyant " and " Perseus " . Fate . She was towed on 30 October 1907 to No . 5 Basin of the Royal Dockyard to enable the gunnery school to move ashore into the Naval Barracks , paid off on November 4 that year and sold to Cox on 24 June 1908 for breaking up at Falmouth .
Szczurowa massacre The massacre in Szczurowa was the murder of 93 Romani people ( also known as Gypsies ) , including children , women and the elderly , by German Nazi occupiers in the Polish village of Szczurowa on August 3 , 1943 . Between ten and twenty families of settled Romani had lived in Szczurowa for generations , alongside ethnic Poles with whom they had friendly and neighborly relations . They were integrated enough into the general community that there were several mixed marriages . On August 3 , 1943 German police rounded up almost all the Romani inhabitants of the village and transported them to the local cemetery where they were shot . A list of all the victims has been preserved in the documents of the local church . On May 8 , 1956 , local inhabitants of the village and members of local veterans ' associations erected a memorial stone with a suitable inscription at the site of the mass grave of the victims . This became the first memorial commemorating victims of the Romani Holocaust in the world . The memorial is cared for by local schoolchildren and the memory of the tragedy is part of the local historical consciousness . Since 1960 , Romanies from Tarnów have been coming to the region to honor the memory of the victims . Since 1996 the International Romani Caravan of Memory travels around the Tarnów region to commemorate the Nazi mass murder of Romanies during World War II . The main stop of the caravan is Szczurowa where after a visit to the mass grave , a mass is held at the local church . The Tarnów region was a site of other Nazi crimes against Romanies in addition to that at Szczurowa . Most of the victim ' s identities and their place of burial are unknown . Other mass graves of murdered Romanies in the region include those at Bielcza ( 28 murdered ) , Borzęcin Dolny ( 28 murdered ) and Żabno ( 49 murdered ) . The Romani people , who lived in Europe from the 15th century , were among the groups singled out by the Nazi Germany regime for persecution and were often murdered along with the Jews . Between 500 , 000 and 1 , 500 , 000 Romanies were killed by the Nazis throughout Europe during the Holocaust .
Gerda Grepp Gerda J . Helland Grepp ( 1907 – 29 August 1940 ) was a Norwegian translator and journalist . She was the daughter of former chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party Kyrre Grepp and journalist Rachel Grepp . Spanish Civil War . Grepp covered the Spanish Civil War as a reporter for the Labour Party newspaper " Arbeiderbladet " from 1936 . She arrived in Barcelona in October 1936 , as the first female reporter from Scandinavia . She travelled to Madrid , where she experienced bombing attacks on the city . With Ludwig Renn she drove to the Toledo front . During her travels she was also accompanied by her friend André Malraux . While in Spain , Grepp served as an interpreter for other Norwegians . Both Grepp and the other Norwegian correspondents in Spain , like Nordahl Grieg and Nini Gleditsch , sympathized with the Republican cause in the war . Gleditsch and Grepp helped organize a large - scale aid effort for Spain based around the Norwegian labour movement . According to professor Rune Ottosen , Grepp and Birgit Nissen were marked with " sharp pens against the growing fascism " . In January and February 1937 she visited Málaga , together with Hungarian journalist and reporter for the British daily newspaper " News Chronicle " , Arthur Koestler . During the battle of Málaga she barely escaped the attacking Nationalist forces . Grepp left Málaga on 6 February , while Koestler was still in the city . On 7 February Italian troops occupied the city . Koestler was arrested , sentenced to death as a spy , and placed in a death cell in Sevilla . However , after considerable international pressure he was released from custody . From May 1937 Grepp spent several weeks in the Basque Country . She visited the Republican Basque Army defensive line called the Iron Belt , and experienced the Battle of Bilbao . Grepp frequently found herself in dangerous situations while in Spain . During her time in Spain Grepp was suffering from tuberculosis . Eventually she was compelled by her ill health to leave the war zone and return to Norway . Death and legacy . Gerda Grepp died of tuberculosis in German - occupied Norway on 29 August 1940 , 33 years old . She was buried in Vestre gravlund in Oslo . Grepp ' s work has since been largely forgotten , her fellow journalist Lise Lindbæk instead being commonly seen as Norway ' s first female war correspondent .
Big Five Weapons The Big Five was a series of biological weapons developed by the United States Army Chemical Corps ' Special Operations Division ( SOD ) at Fort Detrick Biological Warfare Laboratory ( BWL ) for use by special forces . These weapons were developed in the 1950s and 1960s , and were eventually destroyed when the United States unilaterally ended its offensive biological warfare program . The weapons were - M1 Biodart ( E1 ) A 7 . 62mm rifle cartridge with a sabot surrounding a flechette with exterior grooves filled with either botulinum toxin A ( XR ) , saxitoxin ( TZ ) , or possibly a combination of the two . There were 4 , 450 filled and 5 , 315 unfilled M1s in the arsenal at the time of its destruction . M2 Separable Bullet ( E2 ) A 7 . 62mm rifle cartridge with a hollow metal bullet containing dry - type botulinum toxin A ( XR ) , or a simulant . The bullet would release a puff of aerosol on impact . Anthrax ( TR ) was another possible fill . There were 71 , 696 filled , an 14 , 046 unfilled M2s in the arsenal at the time of its destruction . M4 Disseminator A small gas expulsion device for disseminating a dry - type agent , such as tularemia ( SR ) . There were 21 , 150 filled and 34 , 568 unfilled M4s in the arsenal at the time of its destruction . M5 Depositor ( E44 ) A metal can that would expel a quantity of dry - type from the side of a road to work as an anti - convoy device from secondary aerosols ( kick - up ) . Though intended for anthrax ( TR ) these were only filled with simulants . There were 90 filled and 2 , 604 unfilled M5s in the arsenal at the time of its destruction . M32 Disperser Using a pressurized gas bottle , regulator , heater , and timer , the M32 was a man - pack weapon for pre - emplacement upwind of a target . The agent resivoir was an interchangeable compartment that held either 7 liters of wet - type or 2 . 75 kilograms of dry - type agent . It was intended for use with tularemia ( SR ) or simulants . There were 168 filled and 348 unfilled M32s in the arsenal at the time of its destruction .
Andrew S . Effron Andrew S . Effron ( born September 18 , 1948 ) is the former Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces ( CAAF ) . He took his judicial oath on August 1 , 1996 , and became chief judge in 2006 . His term expired September 30 , 2011 . He continues to serve as a Senior Judge on the court . Effron was born in Stamford , Connecticut and grew up in Poughkeepsie , New York . He earned degrees from Harvard College and then from Harvard Law School , and also graduated from The Judge Advocate General ' s Legal Center and School . He served as associate general counsel at the Department of Defense , and then served the Senate Armed Services Committee , before being appointed to federal court .
Boun Oum H . H . Prince Boun Oum ( also Prince Boun Oum Na Champassak ; ; ; ; December 12 , 1911 - March 17 , 1981 ) was the son of King Ratsadanay , and was the hereditary prince of Champassak and also Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos from 1948 - 1950 and again in 1960 - 1962 . Early life . He was born in Don Talad in 1911 , the eldest son of H . H . Prince Ratsadanay , Prince of Champassak and Princess Sutsamone . He was educated at Wat Liep Monastery Sch . and l ' École de Droit , Vientiane . He met Mom Bouaphanh Soumpholpakdy of Kengkok and married in 1943 . The couple had six sons and three daughters : Prince Keo Champhonesak na Champassak , Prince Saysanasak na Champassak , Prince Keo Halusak na Champassak , Prince Simoungkhounsak na Champassak , Prince Vannahsak na Champassak , Prince Vongdasak na Champassak , Princess Ninhdasak na Champassak , Princess Keosondarasak na Champassak and Princess Keomanisak na Champassak . He has 11 grandchildren . He succeeded on the death of his father as Head of the Princely House of Champassak , June 1946 . in the same time , he renounced his rights in order to establish a unified kingdom , the Kingdom of Laos , on 27 August 1946 . He then later became President of the Royal Council in 1948 . In 1949 , he was appointed as Inspector - General of the Kingdom . Prime minister . Sympathetic to the colonial French in Laos , he commanded a force of 15 , 000 that fought Japanese troops and the Lao Issara in the south of Laos . Titular leader of the royalist faction , he served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos in 1948 - 1950 and again in 1960 - 1962 when The National Assembly installed him by unanimous vote of 41 to 0 . He retired from politics to pursue business interests from his base in Pakse and Champassak but continued to be a major power broker until his exile in 1975 , the year the communist Pathet Lao came to power . In 1975 he went to France for medical treatment and never returned to Laos . He died in Boulogne - Billancourt , France in 1981 and his ashes are buried at the Cimetiere de Trivaux in Meudon France , next to his wife H . H Princess Bouaphanh na Champassak ( b . 1920 - d . 2013 ) .
George C . Day George Calvin Day ( November 8 , 1871 - November 3 , 1940 ) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy , whose career lasted from the 1890s until the mid - 1930s . Biography . Born in Bradford , Vermont , the son of Hezron George Day , on 8 November 1871 , Day graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1892 , was promoted to Ensign on 1 July 1894 , Lieutenant ( junior grade ) on 3 March 1899 , and Lieutenant in 1901 . He was Executive Officer of during 1907 . From 1907 to 1909 , at the rank of Lieutenant Commander , he served as Navigator of the flagship and " ex officio " Fleet Navigator during the ' round the world cruise of the Great White Fleet . He commanded the destroyer from 1909 to 1910 , and Division 7 of the Torpedo Squadron , Atlantic Fleet , from 1910 to 1911 . He was in charge of the Navy Publicity Bureau in New York City from 1911 to 1913 , was Executive Officer of the battleship from 1914 to 1915 , and commanded the armored cruiser from 1915 to 1916 . By 1917 he was the Head of the Department of Compasses , Nautical Instruments , and Time Service at the Naval Observatory . During World War I , in the rank of Captain , he commanded the troop transport , formerly the German liner SS " Amerika " , and was awarded the Navy Cross for this service . He commanded the armored cruiser from 1918 to 1919 and the battleship from 1920 to 1921 , and was Commander , Submarines , Pacific , 1923 to 1925 . In 1923 he was a member of the Navy ' s Court of Inquiry on the Honda Point Disaster . Promoted to Rear Admiral in 1925 , he served first as Commandant of the 15th Naval District , and was Commander of Cruiser Division 4 from 1927 to 1928 . He was President of the Board of Inspection and Survey in 1929 , was a member of the General Board in 1930 and again was President of the Board of Inspection and Survey from 1931 until his retirement in 1935 .
41st Infantry Division Firenze The 41st Infantry Division Firenze was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Firenze " Division took part in the Italian invasion of France and later the Greco - Italian War as part of the Army Group Reserve . It also took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia . It remained in Yugoslavia as an occupation force in Montenegro until July 1941 . It was then transferred to Albania where it remained until the Italian surrender to the Allies in September 1943 . Following the surrender a number of men from the division joined the Yugoslav Partisans and the Albanian Partisans . The 92 . CCNN Legion continued to serve with the German forces . The division was made up of Tuscans , and especially Florentines ( a rare case of Italian Infantry Division whose name coincides with the ethnicity or place of residence of its members ) .
Fritz Arndt ( soldier ) Fritz Arndt ( 1 June 1910 – 12 March 2003 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a one of only four conscripted soldiers to receive the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Oakleigh Barracks Oakleigh Barracks is located in the suburb of Oakleigh South . It is situated on North Road , close to Huntingdale Railway Station . It used to be home to the 4th Combat Service Support Battalion of the Australian Army Reserves before it moved to Broadmeadows . Currently , it is host to : 22 Construction Regiment , of the Royal Australian Engineers ( RAE ) ; 3rd Health Support Battalion , of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps ( RAAMC ) ; and , 1 Petroleum Company , of the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps ( RAAOC ) . It is also home to a detachment - 105 Field Workshop Company of the Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers ( RAEME ) . Its army reserve units consisted of Elements / Logistic Support Company , 4 Supply Company before moving to Broadmedows and eventually disbanding due to the BOSC / 6 Health Company , 105 Workshop Company , 7 Transport Company ( Now no longer at Oakleigh ) and 17 Combat Services Support Brigade . The Barracks is also used for the purposes of the Australian Army Cadets , 302 Unit .
Marshal General of France The title Marshal General of France or more exactly " Marshal General of the King ' s camps and armies " ( " maréchal général des camps et armées du roi " ) was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all the French armies in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually . This dignity was bestowed only on Marshals of France , usually when the dignity of Constable of France was unavailable or , after 1626 , suppressed . List of incumbents . There were only six in the history of France : Five in the pre - revolutionary kingdom : Only one under the House of Orléans ' sole , constitutional king Louis - Philippe of France :
Leptines II Leptines II ( d . aft . 365 BC ) , son of Leptines I , was the nephew of Dionysius the Elder . In 351 BC , Leptines aided Callippus in successfully expelling the garrison of Dionysius the Younger from Rhegium . After civil unrest within the city , Leptines and Polyperchon turned on Callippus stabbing him with reputedly the same sword that killed Dion . ( 352 BC ) In 342 BC , when Timoleon liberated Sicily , Leptines was sent into exile . He died in Corinth .
Secretary of the Air Force Historical Advisory Committee The Secretary of the Air Force ' s Advisory Committee on the Air Force Historical Program was authorized in August 1968 at the time of the establishment of the Office of Air Force History . Since 1996 , it has been a subcommittee of the Department of Defense Historical Advisory Committee . History . The committee is the successor of the Standing Historical Advisory Committee that had been established in 1945 to advise on the seven - volume history , " The Army Air Forces in World War II " , prepared under the editorship of Wesley Frank Craven and James L . Cate . As this projected neared completion , it met increasingly less frequently and had ceased to operate by 1958 . Chairmen . The following , listed in chronological order , have served as chairmen of the committee . In those case where individuals have also served as individual members their names and dates are also shown separately for that service in the alphabetical list of members : Civilian Members . The following is an alphabetical list of committee members , who have served since 1968 , with their dates of service as members . Committee chairs are listed above with their dates as chairmen :
Shimizu Tsunenori He was born in 1897 . He was attached to the 4th Imperial Guards Regiment in 1930 and in 1931 attached to the General Staff . In 1933 he was attached to Technical Research Headquarters before being transferred to the General Staff in 1934 and the Naval Staff in 1936 . He was promoted to the Commanding Officer of the 73rd Regiment in 1936 , later becoming Aide - de - Camp to the Emperor in 1937 . He was the General Officer Commanding the 41st Division in 1941 , until being appointed as Deputy Inspector - General of Military Training in 1942 and then the Chief of Staff of the Southern Army in 1943 . He was then transferred as the Chief of Staff of the Seventh Area Army in 1943 , before being appointed the General Officer Commanding the 5th Army in Manchuria in 1944 . He became a prisoner of war after being captured by the Russia ns and was held in captivity until being released in 1956 . He died in 1968 .
John Martin Howard John Martin Howard ( 20 August 1917 – 11 June 1942 ) was born in Chester , Pennsylvania , and enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 22 June 1935 . After training duty 1940 - 1941 at the Naval Reserve Midshipman ' s School , Howard was appointed Ensign 28 February 1941 . After serving at the Washington Navy Yard and at the Bureau of Ordnance , Howard was assigned temporary duty at the American Embassy , London . He was killed as a result of an accidental mine explosion . USS " John M . Howard " ( IX - 75 ) was named in his honor .
Gottfried Fröhlich Gottfried Fröhlich ( 3 June 1894 – 30 July 1959 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gottfried Fröhlich was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in May 1948 .
William Mabane , 1st Baron Mabane William Mabane , 1st Baron Mabane KBE , PC ( 12 January 1895 – 16 November 1969 ) , known as Sir William Mabane between 1954 and 1962 , was a British businessman and Liberal / National Liberal politician . Background and education . The son of Joseph Greenwood Mabane and Margaret ( née Steele ) of Leeds , he was educated at Woodhouse Grove School and at Gonville and Caius College , Cambridge . He was commissioned in 1914 and served in the Near East and France in World War I as a captain with the East Yorkshire Regiment ; he was wounded and mentioned in despatches . He later became a businessman and merchant . Political career . Mabane was elected Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Huddersfield in 1931 and lost his seat in 1945 . Mabane ' s exact party label was confused for much of his time in the Commons . His local Liberal association was affiliated to the official Liberals until 1939 , but Mabane was frequently listed as being a National Liberal , which he repeatedly sought to deny , despite supporting the National Government when the official Liberals had ceased to . He lost his seat to Labour in 1945 , when he was opposed by an official Liberal candidate , Roy Harrod . The town remained an area of strength for liberals and at the 1950 general election , the Liberal Donald Wade won Huddersfield West in a straight fight against Labour . He entered the government as Assistant Postmaster - General under Neville Chamberlain in September 1939 , an office he only held until October , when he was made Minister for Home Security . When Winston Churchill succeeded Chamberlain as Prime Minister in May 1940 , Mabane was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Home Department , a post he held jointly with Ellen Wilkinson from October of that year . He later served under Churchill as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food from 1942 to 1945 and as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs between May and July 1945 . He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1944 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE ) in 1954 . In 1962 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Mabane , of Rye in the County of Sussex . He was tenant of Lamb House , the National Trust property in Rye , East Sussex . Apart from his political career he was also Chairman ( 1960 – 1963 ) and President ( 1964 – 1966 ) of the British Travel Association . Personal life . Lord Mabane was twice married . He married firstly Louise , daughter of E . Tanton , in 1918 . They were divorced in 1926 . He married secondly Stella Jane , daughter of J . Duggan , in 1944 . He died in November 1969 , aged 74 , when the barony became extinct .