naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Swansea Castle Swansea Castle was founded by Henry de Beaumont in 1106 as the " caput " of the lordship of Gower , in Swansea , Wales . History . The original castle seems to have been a sub - rectangular / oval enclosure overlooking the River Tawe on the east , surrounded on the north , west and south sides by a larger sub - rectangular outer bailey . The inner bailey probably contained a motte but the other view is that it was a ring work . The new castle was attacked by the Welsh in 1116 but the inner castle held . After various other unsuccessful attacks the castle fell in 1217 but was restored to the English in 1220 as part of the settlement between Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and Henry III of England . Immediately after this the inner castle was probably walled in stone with at least one tower . Later in the 13th century the large outer bailey was also walled . The only visible remains are two sides of a rectangular " new castle " built in the South East corner of the outer bailey in the late 13th or early 14th century . The south face ( which ends in a tall garderobe tower ) is capped with an elegant series of arcades at the wall - head , which are similar to structures at the Bishop of Saint David ' s palaces at Lamphey and St David ' s . By then the castle had lost its military importance . It is not known whether it fell to allies of Owain Glyndŵr early in the 15th century . In the 18th and 19th centuries parts of the castle were variously used as a market , a town hall , a drill hall and a prison . Now . Part of the interior of the new castle was demolished early in the 20th century in the construction of a newspaper office . The remains have now been consolidated and opened up to view from the street .
Château de Touffou The Château de Touffou is a castle , converted into a mansion , in the " commune " of Bonnes in the Vienne " département " , near Poitiers , France . History . The château was constructed over several centuries . The Medieval Wing includes Romanesque and gothic elements ( keep ) . The east half dates back to the 12th century while the west half was constructed in the early 15th century . The Renaissance Wing was added during the 16th century by the Chasteigner family . The main difference between these two epochs in castle construction is that in the Middle Ages , a castle was built for defense . In the Renaissance however , a castle was a home for nobles . Rather than defense and protection , the castle - dwellers in the Renaissance strived for classy , fashionable residences . Today , the Medieval Wing is used to accommodate large business meetings and seminars , and the Renaissance Wing is the private residence of the castle proprietor . The castle has been privately owned throughout its existence . It passed from the Oger family ( 1127 - 1280 ) to the Montléon family ( 1280 - 1519 ) and eventually to the Chasteigner family ( 1519 - 1821 ) . Jean Chasteigner III , a to Francis I , oversaw most of the castle ’ s renovation in the early Renaissance . Once the Chasteigners sold the castle , Touffou changed hands several times , finally being purchased in 1966 by David Ogilvy from the " de Vergie family " . The Ogilvys still own the castle . In 1923 the castle was recognized as a " monument historique " , and in 2004 its gardens were classified as among the Notable Gardens of France by the French Ministry of Culture . Hunting Museum . The Chambre François 1er ( Francis I Bedroom ) is named after the occasion when King Francis I supposedly visited Touffou . The castle also has a Hunting Museum documenting the castle ’ s hunting history and its impressive collection of over 1 , 500 hunting buttons – among the largest collections in France .
Taurus Raging Bull The most powerful of the Taurus revolvers , and one of the most powerful in the world are represented by the line Raging Bull . To get an idea of what this family of big guns , it suffices to note that the most " weak " that line is the model 444 in 44 Magnum caliber . These weapons were produced in 454 Casull caliber ( one of the most powerful handgun calibers of the world ) . 480 Ruger 500 Magnum caliber very powerful and it represents the most powerful caliber that can be fired from a handgun . As you can imagine , these weapons are commonly used in hunting large animals such as bears and the sport of shooting metallic silhouette
USS Galatea ( 1862 ) USS " Galatea " ( 1862 ) was a large steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as an escort gunboat in support of the Union Navy , mostly in various parts of the Caribbean , such as in Haiti , where her role was to protect American citizens . She was sold to the Haitian government in 1865 after becoming unseaworthy because of leaks . Constructed in New York City , commissioned in 1864 . " Galatea " was built at New York City in 1862 under the direction of J . B . and J . D . Van Dusen , Master Builders ; purchased by the Navy 31 July 1863 from the Neptune Steamship Co . ; and commissioned 29 January 1864 , Comdr . John Guest in command . Supporting Union Navy control of the Caribbean . " Galatea " departed New York 21 February 1864 for service as a unit of the West India Squadron . Based at Cap - Haïtien in Haiti , where she arrived 29 February , she provided convoy protection in the West Indies to California mail steamers plying between New York City and Aspinwall ( Colón , Panama ) . She had twice returned to New York City for repairs by 10 November 1864 when she was assigned with two other ships to convoy California mail streamers from Cap - Haïtien through the Windward Passage , between the islands of Nacassa and Mariguana . Developing seawater leaks in her structure . During this cruise leaks developed which made " Galatea " unfit for arduous convoy duty . Remaining on station at Cape Haitien , she cruised to Key West , Florida , for provisions and dispatches and afforded protection to American citizens in Haiti until convoy service was discontinued in June 1865 . End - of - war decommissioning and sale to Haiti . " Galatea " arrived New York City from Cap - Haïtien 1 July 1865 ; decommissioned 12 July ; and was sold to the Haitian government 15 August .
Berlin Air Safety Center The Berlin Air Safety Centre ( BASC ) was established by the Allied Control Authority Coordinating Committee on the 12 December 1945 . Operations began in February 1946 under quadripartite flight rules Paragraph 4 . Paragraph 4 of the Rules Begins : " The Berlin Air Safety Centre has been established in the Allied Control Authority Building with the object of ensuring safety of flights for all aircraft in the Berlin area . The Safety Centre regulates all flying in the Berlin Control Zone and also in the corridors extending from Berlin to the boundaries of adjacent control zones . " BASC was one of two four - power organizations to continue functioning following the onset of the Cold War , the other being Spandau Prison , which ceased operations following the death of Rudolf Hess on 17 August 1987 . BASC continued to ensure safety of flight for 24 hours a day with each of the Four Powers being represented by a Chief Controller , with a Deputy and General Duty Controller , all of them Air Force Officers ( the Soviet had a controller and an interpreter on duty ) until its closing on 31 December 1990 following the lapse of Allied responsibilities in Berlin . BASC was located in the former Allied Control Authority building on Kleistpark , Berlin . The BASC coordinated air traffic in and out of Berlin and was responsible for air safety in the three corridors established in 1946 as well as in the Berlin Control Zone , the airspace within a 20 - mile radius of a pillar in the cellar of the Allied Control Authority Building . Each of the three corridors were 20 miles wide and linked Berlin with the Western Zones of Occupation of Germany ( later West Germany ) . The three corridors were open without restriction only to the Four Power nations , United Kingdom , United States , France and USSR - other nations wishing to use the corridors had first to request and obtain permission from BASC . Coordinating closely with BARTCC ( Berlin Air Route Traffic Control Center ) air traffic facilities at Tempelhof Airbase , BASC were responsible for logging protests of infringements upon allied air corridors , and fielded the political ramifications of East Block defectors escaping into West Berlin by aircraft . Tensions reached an understandable high during the Berlin Airlift in 1948 - 49 , though the success of the campaign was in large part due to the coordination carried out within the BASC .
Augustin Přeučil Augustin Přeučil ( 3 July 1914 – 14 April 1947 , Prague ) was a Czech who joined the Royal Air Force and spied for the Gestapo during the Second World War . He faked his death in 1941 , but was sentenced to death by the People ' s Court in Prague in 1947 for treason . He was hanged in Pankrác Prison on 14 April 1947 . Born near Benesov in central Bohemia , Preucil served as a reconnaissance pilot in Air Regiment 1 of the Czech air force by early 1939 . When the Germans invaded in March 1939 , he immediately volunteered to join the Luftwaffe but was rejected because he was not a German national . In 1939 he was caught attempting to illegally cross the border from the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , on his way to offer his services as a pilot in South America . He was recruited by German Intelligence , who sent him into Europe , to monitor the exiled Czechoslovak military abroad , and the air forces in particular . After spells in Poland and France , Preucil made his way to Britain where he joined the Royal Air Force . Among his activities was the theft of a Hawker Hurricane Mk IIa serial number W9147 of 55 OTU based at RAF Usworth , near Sunderland , in which he flew to Flushing in the Netherlands on 19 September 1941 . At the time the RAF assumed the aircraft and pilot lost at sea , and it was not until later the true circumstances of the loss came to light . The Hurricane ended up displayed at the Museum for Transport & Technology in Berlin . Until the end of the war he was an undercover agent , whose task was to infiltrate resistance movements . He was also sent into the Gestapo prison Terezin and spied on American prisoners of war . In 1944 he helped the Prague Gestapo to identify those captured Czechoslovak pilots who had been shot down and who the Nazis wanted to try as traitors . He also infiltrated the concentration camp of Theresienstadt where , posing as a captured Czech pilot , he informed on Czech political prisoners .
Larry D . Wyche Major General Larry D . Wyche , is the Commanding General , Combined Arms Support Command , the Sustainment Center of Excellence ( SCoE ) as well as the Senior Mission Commander for Fort Lee , Virginia . Education . Wyche received his commission as a Quartermaster officer and his Bachelor of Business Administration ( BBA ) from Texas A & M University . He earned a Masters Degree in Logistics Management from the Florida Institute of Technology , and a Masters Degree in National Resource Strategy from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces . He is a graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces ; Joint Professional Military Education Course ; Armed Forces Staff College ; Command and General Staff College ; and Logistics Executive Development Course . Military career . Wyche started his career in the enlisted ranks and achieved the rank of Sergeant and served as a cavalry scout squad leader . He has commanded at all levels . His most recent assignment was as the US Army Materiel Command ' s ( AMC ' s ) Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics and Operations . He also commanded the Joint Munitions and Lethality Life Cycle Management Command / Joint Munitions Command , Rock Island , Illinois . While serving as the Commander of the 10th Sustainment Brigade at Fort Drum , New York , he deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom where he served as the commander of the Joint Logistics Command , Combined Joint Task Force - 76 , responsible for logistics support to Soldiers , Marines , Airmen and Sailors in Afghanistan . He has served in numerous staff positions to include assignments in the Pentagon as Chief , Initiatives Group , and later as Chief , Focused Logistics in the Force Development Directorate of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Programs . He also served as the Director for Strategy and Integration in the office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics .
Ghaznavi ( missile ) The Hatf - III named Ghaznavi Missile ( ) is a short range ballistic missile ( SRBM ) with an optimal range of 290 km , produced by Pakistan and named after the 11th century Afghan conqueror Mahmud of Ghazni . The missile has a length of 9 . 64m , diameter of 0 . 99 m , launch weight of 5256 kg and is powered by a single stage solid fuel rocket motor . It is believed to be based on a Chinese design , the M - 11 ( NATO reporting name : CSS - 7 ) . Operational history . The Ghaznavi was reported to have been test - launched in late September / early October 2003 and was reported to be ready for service in March 2004 . Another test launch occurred in late November 2004 , with two more on 9 December 2006 another on 13 February 2008 and 8 May 2010 ; the 2008 test was believed to have concluded a winter training exercise of Pakistan ' s Army Strategic Force Command ( ASFC ) . In May 2012 , one more successful test of the missile was conducted as part of a training exercise . Criticism . In 2006 , the Afghan Minister of Information and Culture criticized Pakistan for naming its lethal ballistic missiles and other weaponry after Muslim kings and rulers ( i . e . Abdali , Ghaznavid , Ghorid and Mughal rulers ) arguing that their names should be bracketed with academic , cultural and peace - promoting institutions , not with tools of destruction and killing . Pakistan declined to change the missiles ' names stating that these Muslim rulers are considered heroes in Pakistan as well , and naming missiles after them is not controversial . The Afghan government has not raised this issue since then .
USS Gamage ( 1864 ) USS " Gamage " ( 1864 ) was a large steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the last months of the American Civil War . She was used as a gunship to collect Naval assets of the defeated Confederacy . Commissioned as a gunboat in 1865 . " Gamage " was built as merchant steamer " Willie Gamage " in 1864 at Cincinnati , Ohio ; purchased there 22 December 1864 ; and converted into a gunboat by Joseph Brown of Cincinnati . She was commissioned at Mound City , Illinois , 23 March 1865 , Acting Master William Neil in command . In search of Confederate president Jefferson Davis . Assigned to the 5th Division of the Mississippi Squadron , " Gamage " departed Mound City 30 March 1865 and arrived Natchez , Mississippi , 2 April where she remained alert to intercept Confederate President Jefferson Davis , his cabinet and other Confederate leaders should they attempt to cross the Mississippi River . The President of the Confederacy and members of his staff were captured 10 May at Irwinville , Georgia . Taking possession of Confederate Navy assets . On 1 June " Gamage " entered the mouth of Red River to form with a joint expedition up that river to receive surrendered Confederate ships and men . The Union naval force of eight steamers under command of Lt . Comdr . W . E . Fitzhugh was accompanied by Army steamer " Ida " May , carrying Major General F . J . Herron and his staff . Arriving Alexandria , Louisiana , 2 June , Commander Fitzhugh took possession of Confederate ironclad " Missouri " and proceeded up river to Shreveport , Louisiana , in " Gamage " . There he seized the steamer " Cotton " and supplies at the Navy storehouse and on the 8th departed for the mouth of the river . At the request of General Herron , " Gamage " remained at Alexandria , Louisiana , to assist the Army as needed until 27 June when she departed for Natchez , Mississippi , arriving 7 July . Post - war decommissioning , sale , and subsequent career . " Gamage " reached Mound City , Illinois , from Natchez 22 July . She decommissioned on the 29th and was sold at public auction 17 August 1865 to J . R . Griffith for $ 11 , 000 . She was redocumented as merchant steamer " Southern Belle " 4 October 1865 and burned 11 October 1876 at Plaquemine , Louisiana .
Dornier Do 317 The Dornier Do 317 was a planned German heavy bomber of World War II . Design and development . In June 1940 , Dornier produced plans for further development of the Do 217 , which would have a pressurized cabin and more powerful engines ( DB 604 or Jumo 222 ) and would be designated the Do 317 . The Do 317 was one of the proposals submitted to the RLM for the " Bomber B " project . Two versions of the Do 317 were proposed : the simplified Do 317A powered by two DB 603A engines and featuring conventional defensive armament , and the more advanced Do 317B with DB 610A / B engines , remotely - aimed " Fernbedienbare Drehlafette " - style gun turrets , heavier bombload , and an extended wing . Six prototypes of the Do 317A were ordered , and the first of these , the Do 317 V1 , commenced its flight test program on 8 September 1943 . The Do 317 V1 was very similar in appearance to the Do 217 , but featured a pressurized cabin and triangular tail fins . Trials with the Do 317 V1 revealed no real performance advance over the Do 217 , so it was decided to complete the remaining five prototypes without cabin pressurization equipment and employ them as Henschel Hs 293 missile launchers . In this form the prototypes were redesignated Do 217R . At this time , the Do 317B project was abandoned due to changing wartime conditions .
Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien was part of Luftflotte 2 ( Air Fleet 2 ) , one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II . It was formed on April 5 , 1943 in Trapani , subordinated to the II . Fliegerkorps . The command moved to Rome in July 1943 , and was then known as Jagdfliegerführer Luftflotte 2 . The headquarter was located at Trapani and from July 1943 on in Rome . The unit was disbanded in August , 1943 .
Stefan Mayer Colonel Stefan A . Mayer ( 1895 — March 23 , 1981 , London ) was a Polish military intelligence officer and prewar chief of the Intelligence Department within the Polish General Staff ' s Section II ( " Oddział II " ) . In that capacity , he supervised the General Staff ' s Cipher Bureau , whose achievements included the breaking of German Enigma - machine cipher s . Career . In January 1939 Mayer — cryptologist Marian Rejewski was to recall — " directed that statistics be compiled for a two - week [ test ] period , comparing the [ quantities of Enigma - message ] material solved , with the [ quantities of ] Enigma - enciphered material intercepted by the radiotelegraphers . The ratio came to 75 percent . . . With slightly augmented personnel , we might have attained about 90 percent . . . " Mayer would recall in 1974 that , before World War II , Colonel Tadeusz Pełczyński , chief of the Polish General Staff ' s Section II , suggested to the chief of the General Staff , General Wacław Stachiewicz , that in case of impending war the secret of Enigma decryption " be used as our Polish contribution to the common . . . defence and divulged to our future allies . " In early January 1939 , when Pełczyński was replaced as chief of Section II by Colonel Józef Smoleński , Pełczyński repeated the suggestion to Smoleński . That , writes Mayer , was the basis of Lt . Col . Gwido Langer ' s instructions when he represented the Polish side at the trilateral Polish - French - British cryptological conferences at Paris in January 1939 and at Warsaw in July 1939 . Mayer participated in the July 26 , 1939 , Warsaw conference at which the Cipher Bureau disclosed its achievements in Enigma decryption to French and British intelligence representatives . During the ensuing war , Mayer in 1941 - 1945 headed the Polish exile military ' s Intelligence Officers School , at Bayswater , in London , which in early 1942 was moved to Glasgow , Scotland .
German submarine U - 385 German submarine " U - 385 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out two patrols . She did not sink or damage any ships . She was sunk by a British warship and an Australian aircraft in the Bay of Biscay in August 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 16 May 1941 at the " Howaldtswerke " yard at Kiel as ' werk ' 16 , launched on 8 July 1942 and commissioned on 29 August under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Hans - Guido Valenter . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 29 August 1942 and the 6th flotilla from 1 March 1944 . The boat was moved from Kiel to Marviken in March 1944 . 1st patrol . " U - 385 " s first patrol took her from Marviken to St . Nazaire , in occupied France via the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . 2nd patrol and loss . The boat left St . Nazaire on 9 August 1944 . On the 11th , whilst still in the Bay of Biscay , she was sunk by depth charge s dropped by an Australian Sunderland flying boat of No . 461 Squadron RAAF and the British sloop HMS " Starling " . One man died in the U - boat ; there were 42 survivors .
HMS Swan ( 1767 ) HMS " Swan " was the lead ship in the 14 - gun " Swan " class of ship sloop s , to which design 25 vessels were built in the 1760s and 1770s ; she was launched on 21 November 1767 . She bore the name HMS " Explosion " between 1779 and 1783 whilst being used as a fireship . She served during both the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary War before being laid up in 1801 ; she was sold for disposal in 1814 .
Bunyan Randolph Cooner Bunyan Randolph Cooner , born at Columbia , South Carolina , 27 February 1914 , enlisted in the U . S . Naval Reserve 12 June 1939 . After flight training , he was commissioned ensign 3 September 1941 and served with Bombing Squadron 3 in USS Saratoga ( CV - 3 ) . Participated in Battle of Midway . He won the Navy Cross for gallant service in the Battle of Midway , participating in vigorous and repeated attacks against Japanese warships 4 – 6 June 1942 . Awarded the Navy Cross . " Ensign Cooner " was then killed in a plane crash during flight operations out of NAS Pearl Harbor on 16 June 1942 . Namesake . The USS Cooner ( DE - 172 ) , launched 25 July 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co . , Kearny , New Jersey , sponsored by Mrs . I . Cooner ; and commissioned 21 August 1943 , was so named in " Cooner ’ s " honor .
Weobley Castle , England Weobley Castle was a ringwork and bailey castle in the English county of Herefordshire ( ) . The castle belonged to the De Lacy family who also owned the castles of Ludlow and Ewyas Harold . Walter de Lacy , as Lord of Meath , was one of the most powerful magnates in Ireland . King John I of England doubted his loyalty and so took de Lacy ' s property into his possession . The estates were put under the custodianship of William de Braose , de Lacy ' s father - in - law . In 1208 de Braose used Weobley Castle to attack the king ' s property in Herefordshire . He fled to Ireland , seeking safety with Walter de Lacy in Trim Castle ; John pursued him and punished the pair . Walter de Lacy , his brother Hugh , and William de Braose failed to appease the king and fled to France . As a result , all the de Lacy property was taken into the possession of the Crown . All that remains of the castle are severely damaged earthworks .