naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Filthy Thirteen The Filthy Thirteen was the name given to the Demolition Section of the Headquarters Company of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne Division , of the United States Army , which fought in the European campaign in World War II . History . The Demolition Section was assigned and trained to demolish enemy targets behind the lines . They were ordered to destroy a bridge over the Douve River during the Normandy Invasion of Europe in June 1944 , a mission that cost the lives of most of these men . The group was airdropped for the mission by aircraft of the 440th Troop Carrier Group of the U . S . Army Air Forces . This unit was best known for the famous photo which appeared in " Stars and Stripes " , showing two members wearing Indian - style " mohawks " and applying war paint to one another . The inspiration for this came from Jake McNiece , who was part Native - American . After a disciplinary incident while on leave , McNiece joined the Pathfinders . These were paratroopers sent in ahead of the main force to guide them in . Expected casualties were 80 – 90 % . The pathfinders were dropped into the encircled town of Bastogne at the height of the Battle of the Bulge . Their equipment enabled them to guide in subsequent airdrops of supplies crucial to the continued resistance of the trapped 101st Airborne Division . McNiece considered that any activities not directly concerned with killing the enemy were irrelevant , an attitude that led him to be in constant trouble with the military authorities . Nevertheless , McNiece finished the war with four combat jumps , a very rare feat for an American paratrooper . His jumps were made in Normandy , the Netherlands as part of Market Garden , the Pathfinder jump in to Bastogne , Belgium , during the Battle of the Bulge , then his last jump as an observer with the 17th Airborne Division during Operation Varsity . Of the activities of the Filthy Thirteen , Jack Agnew once said , " We weren ’ t murderers or anything , we just didn ’ t do everything we were supposed to do in some ways and did a whole lot more than they wanted us to do in other ways . We were always in trouble . " The name " Filthy 13 " referred to the fact that , while training in England , they washed and shaved once a week and never cleaned their uniforms . Members . An interview with Jake McNiece and Jack Agnew can be found on the two disc version of the " Dirty Dozen " DVD . Jack Agnew died at the age of eighty - eight on April 8 , 2010 . Jake McNiece died at the age of ninety - three on January 21 , 2013 .
6th Army ( Yugoslavia ) The 6th Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded six divisions during the German - led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II . It was commanded by General Dimitrije Živković , and was It was deployed around Belgrade and in the Banat region east of the Tisza . It held two infantry divisions in reserve in the lower Morava valley .
Battle of La Roche - Derrien The Battle of La Roche - Derrien was one of the battles of the Breton War of Succession ; it was fought in 1347 during the night between English and French forces . Approximately 4 , 000 – 5 , 000 French , Breton and Genoese mercenaries ( the largest field army ever assembled by Duke Charles of Blois ) laid siege to the town of La Roche - Derrien in the hope of luring Sir Thomas Dagworth , the commander of the only standing English field army in Brittany at the time , into an open pitched battle . Prelude . Charles of Blois , in an effort to defeat the hated English longbow men , gave orders to set up four encampments around the town ' s four gates . Weak palisades were established to give cover to his men — his thinking being that the archers could not kill what they could not see . Duke Charles gave his men strict orders to stay in their encampments so as not to be easy targets for the dreaded archers . The battle . When Dagworth ' s relief army , less than one - fourth the size of the French force , arrived at La Roche - Derrien they attacked the eastern ( main ) encampment and fell into the trap laid by Duke Charles . Dagworth ' s main force was assailed with crossbow bolts from front and rear and after a short time Dagworth himself was forced to surrender . Duke Charles , thinking he had won the battle and that Brittany was effectively his , lowered his guard . However a sortie from the town , composed mainly of townsfolk armed with axes and farming implements , came from behind Charles ' s lines . The archers and men - at - arms who remained from the initial assault now rallied with the town ' s garrison to cut down Charles ' forces . Charles was forced to surrender and was taken for ransom . His strict orders to his commanders to stay in their encampments was his eventual downfall as the English forces managed to clear each encampment one by one . The battle is one of the examples , from the Hundred Years ' War , in which the outcome relied greatly on the effectiveness of the English Longbow which could pierce plate armour with ease . The Battle of La Roche - Derrien in historical fiction . The battle features in Bernard Cornwell ' s historical novel " Vagabond " — part of his Grail Quest trilogy of books , set against the background of the Hundred Years ' War . A related account can be found in his book " Harlequin " , ( ' The Archer ' s Tale ' in the U . S . A . ) in which the English are the ones attacking the city .
Army Department Constabulary The Army Department Constabulary was a police force in the United Kingdom formed as a result of the Special Constables Act 1923 . Originally , the Army used serving soldiers to guard its establishments and the only call for police was at places like the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich . A War Department Constabulary was formed in 1925 , and was renamed Army Department Constabulary in 1964 when the War Office became the Army Department . The Ministry of Defence Police absorbed the ADC in 1971 , along with the Air Force Department Constabulary and the Admiralty Constabulary .
Siege of Weissenstein The Siege of Weissenstein took place between May 31 and September 30 , 1602 , during the Polish – Swedish War ( 1600 – 1611 ) . Two weeks after the capture of Fellin , Grand Crown Hetman Jan Zamoyski led the Polish - Lithuanian army of 2 , 000 troops to besiege Weissenstein ( now known as Paide in Estonia ) . Weissenstein , a major transportation hub in Estonia , was a site of strategic importance to both Poland and Sweden . Located among the marshes and built during the Teutonic period , the castle had strong artillery and was defended by 700 soldiers , local peasants , and townspeople . Weissenstein was a walled city with 30 - meter towers at the corners and high bastions , and thus presented the attacking force with a significant barrier to success , even with siege works . A difficult siege . The Polish army began by blockading the fortress . Because the Swedish army was getting relief from Reval , the Poles sent Stanisław Żółkiewski there . The defeat of the Swedes at the Battle of Reval on June 30 ended the Weissenstein defender ' s hopes of attaining further help . When their long - awaited regular infantry arrived in August , the Poles started to build siege works . The start of the operation was difficult , as the artillery was unable to break the powerful bastions . Heavy rains that turned the surrounding area into a great morass hampered the siege . The forces began to succumb to disease . When a captured Swedish prisoner revealed the northern curtain wall of the fortress was weakened , Zamoyski immediately ordered the construction of a wooden platform in front of the curtain wall where the artillery pieces could set up . The Swedes noted the potential danger and fired their guns at the newly built platform . A fierce artillery battle was the result . On the night of September 26 – 27 , four heavy guns were placed on the platform . The guns opened fire the next morning , weakening the curtain wall , which began to collapse . After a few hours there was a huge breakthrough . The Swedes , seeing the hopelessness of their situation , capitulated on September 30 .
Atlanta Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Atlanta ( July 22 , 1864 ) of the American Civil War . Military Division of the Mississippi . MG William T . Sherman Army of the Tennessee . MG James B . McPherson ( k ) < br > MG John A . Logan XV Corps . MG John A . Logan < br > BG Morgan L . Smith XVI Corps ( Left Wing ) . MG Grenville M . Dodge XVII Corps . MG Francis P . Blair , Jr .
Sigmund - Ulrich Freiherr von Gravenreuth Sigmund - Ulrich Freiherr von Gravenreuth ( 21 October 1909 – 16 October 1944 ) was a German Luftwaffe bomber pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Sigmund - Ulrich Freiherr von Gravenreuth died when his plane crashed on 16 October 1944 near Breslau . He was posthumously awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross on 9 January 1945 .
Charles Woollven Captain Charles Henry Chapman Woollven ( 28 June 1897 – 7 January 1971 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Woollven was seconded from the Devon Regiment to the Royal Flying Corps . On 19 June 1916 , he joined 25 Squadron as a pilot assigned to a Royal Aircraft Factory FE . 2 . He scored his first victory on 8 August , driving down a Roland C . II out of control . He accumulated triumphs through 1 May 1917 , when he destroyed an Albatros D . III for his fifth . Along the way , he became a flight leader in early 1917 . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Charles Cavendish ( general ) Charles Cavendish ( 1620 – 1643 ) was an English royalist general , killed at the battle of Gainsborough . Life . He was second son of William Cavendish , 2nd Earl of Devonshire and his wife Christiana , born on 30 May 1620 , and named after Prince Charles , his godfather . In 1638 he was sent abroad to travel with a governor , visiting Cairo and Turkey . He returned to England in May 1641 , and then served in a campaign under the Prince of Orange . On the outbreak of the First English Civil War he entered the king ' s troop of guards as a volunteer under the command of Lord Bernard Stuart . At the battle of Edgehill he distinguished himself and was given the command of the Duke of York ' s troop left vacant by the death of George Stewart , 9th Seigneur d ' Aubigny . After a disagreement with an inferior officer , he sought an independent command , and obtained from the king a commission to raise a regiment of horse in the north . He then established himself at Newark ; active against the parliamentarians , he was requested by the king ' s commissioners for Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire as commander - in - chief , and took on the forces of those two counties , with the rank of colonel - general . On 23 March 1643 he captured Grantham with the aid of a large force drawn from Newark under the command of Colonel Sir John Henderson , and on 11 April defeated the younger Hotham at Ancaster , threatening to break - out into the eastern association area . He received the queen Henrietta Maria at Newark , and escorted her part of her way to Oxford , taking Burton - on - Trent by assault during the march , 2 July 1643 . But attempting to prevent the raising of the siege of Gainsborough , he was defeated by Oliver Cromwell , and fell by the hand of James Berry , Cromwell ' s captain - lieutenant ( 28 July 1643 ) . He was buried at Newark ; thirty years later his body was moved to Derby , to be interred with his mother .
Ed Rasimus Ed Rasimus was a retired United States Air Force Major and a veteran fighter pilot of the Vietnam war . He died on 30 January 2013 . Rasimus flew more than 250 combat missions in F - 105 Thunderchief and F - 4 Phantom II fighters during the conflict and received the Silver Star , the Distinguished Flying Cross five times , and numerous Air Medal s . Rasimus was an award winning author residing in Northern Texas .
CRISAT CRISAT , short for " Collaborative Research Into Small Arms Technology " , is an EU - NATO standard in the manufacture of military equipment . The CRISAT target is defined as a 1 . 6mm titanium plate supplemented by 20 layers of Kevlar . This target is intended to replicate the personal protection used by former Warsaw Pact countries , and it is still used as a reference . The CRISAT target will stop the commonly used 9x19mm Parabellum Full Metal Jacket cartridge , but it is pierced by the newer 5 . 7x28mm and 4 . 6x30mm personal defense weapon cartridges at ranges in excess of 200 meters .
Battle of Ridaniya The Battle of Ridaniya ( ; ) was fought on January 22 , 1517 in Egypt . The Ottoman forces of Selim I defeated the Mamluk forces under Al - Ashraf Tuman bay II . The Turks marched into Cairo , and the severed head of Tuman bay , Egypt ’ s last Mamluk Sultan , was hung over an entrance gate in the Al Ghourieh quarter of Cairo . The Ottoman grand vizier , Hadım Sinan Pasha , was killed in action , after which sultan Selim said , " We won the battle , but we lost Sinan . "
Georg Ritter von Hengl Georg Ritter von Hengl ( 21 October 1897 – 19 March 1952 ) was a highly decorated General der Gebirgstruppe in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the XIX Mountain Corps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During World War I , he had served in the Luftstreitkrafte and shot down a total of 7 aircraft between July and October 1918 . From 1921 to 1934 , he also served in the German police , reaching the rank of Hauptmann . Georg Ritter von Hengl was captured by Allied troops in May 1945 and was released in 1947 . World War I service . Hengl served initially in Reserve Infantry Battalion Nr . 21 near Ypres in 1914 . The following year saw him transferred to the Eastern Front to serve in Russia . In October 1915 , he was transferred south to the Serbian sector . He transferred back to France in 1916 , to serve near Verdun ; on 23 March he was promoted into the officer ' s ranks as a Leutnant . He then returned to duties in Russia . After requesting a transfer to aviation duty , he started aerial observer ' s training on 23 February 1918 . Upon graduation , he was posted to the Kingdom of Bavaria ' s FA ( A ) 295 . His usual pilot in the two - seater reconnaissance aircraft was Johann Baur . The duo were credited with six confirmed aerial victories together , beginning with a double victory over SPAD s on 17 July 1918 over Courton Wood . The aircrew of Hengl and Baur were shot down behind British lines during the Third Battle of the Aisne ; however , they were rescued from captivity by troopers from Württemberg . The pair would score another four victories in October 1918 , with Hengl scoring a seventh while crewing for another pilot . Georg Hengl emerged from World War I having been awarded both classes of the Iron Cross and the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern . His native Kingdom of Bavaria also bestowed the Military Order of Max Joseph upon him ; one of the entitlements of this decoration was an award of lifetime nobility for him , signified by the addition of the phrase " Ritter von " to one ' s name . Georg Hengl thus became George Ritter von Hengl .
James W . Houck Vice Admiral James W . Houck is a retired United States Navy vice admiral . He served as the 41st Judge Advocate General ( JAG ) of the United States Navy from 14 Aug . 2009 to 20 July 2012 . Naval career . Following graduation from the United States Naval Academy , Houck qualified as a Surface Warfare Officer aboard the destroyer USS Caron ( DD 970 ) . He then entered the Navy ’ s Law Education Program and graduated from the University of Michigan Law School . He later earned a Master of Laws ( International and Comparative Law ) from the Georgetown University Law Center . Houck served from 2006 – 2009 as the Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy ( DJAG ) and Commander , Naval Legal Service Command . As DJAG , Houck served as the Deputy Department of Defense Representative for Ocean Policy Affairs ( REPOPA ) . Before his appointment to flag rank , he served as special assistant for Legal and Legislative Matters to the secretary of the Navy and later as special counsel to the Chief of Naval Operations . He also served as the senior staff judge advocate for the Commander , U . S . Fleet Forces Command / U . S . Atlantic Fleet as well as the Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Central Command / U . S . 5th Fleet in Bahrain . In command , he served as commanding officer , Naval Legal Service Office , North Central . Houck ’ s other assignments include service in the Office of the Legal Counsel to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the Navy Office of Legislative Affairs , and in the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy , both as executive assistant to the JAG and as special assistant for Transformation , the JAG Corps ’ lead strategic planner . He began his legal career first as a trial counsel ( prosecutor ) and then as a defense counsel at Naval Station Mayport , Fla . After retirement . After retirment from the Navy , Houck joined The Pennsylvania State University – The Dickinson School of Law ( Penn State Law ) as the Distinguished Scholar in Residence . He was recently named the interim dean of the law school . Awards . Houck ’ s personal decorations include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal ( two awards ) , the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit ( five awards ) , the Defense Meritorious Service Medal and the Meritorious Service Medal ( three awards ) , the Navy Commendation Medal ( two awards ) and the Navy Achievement Medal . Personal life . Houck currently lives in State College , PA with his family .
HMS Towzer ( 1798 ) HMS " Towzer " ( or " Towser " ) was a gunvessel purchased in the West Indies in 1798 for the colony at Honduras . She was a sloop armed with one 18 - pounder gun and had a crew of 25 men . Like , she was under the command of a merchant captain , in " Towzer " s case a Mr . Gelston , who brought with him some of his crew . She served in defense of the British colonists at Honduras and participated in the repulse of the Spanish expedition at the Battle of St . George ' s Caye in September 1798 . Her ultimate disposition is unknown . The Spanish threat having passed , she may have been sold . It is arguable that she deserves the designation " HMS " as " Towzer " was never commissioned into the Royal Navy , and her officers and crew were civilians , whereas in the case of hired armed vessels , the Navy provided the captain . No other vessel of the Royal Navy ever carried the name " Towzer " .
Thureophoroi The thureophoroi or thyreophoroi ( ; singular : " thureophoros " / " thyreophoros " , θυρεοφόρος ) was a type of infantry soldier , common in the 3rd to 1st century BCE , who carried a large oval shield called a " thureos " which had a type of metal strip boss and a central spine . They were armed with a long thrusting spear , javelins and a sword . They also usually wore an iron or bronze Macedonian helmet . The " thureos " was probably originally an adapted form of a Celtic shield . Thracian and Illyrian infantry probably adopted the shield before the Greeks . However it has been suggested that the " thureos " was brought to Greece after Pyrrhus of Epirus ' campaigns in Italy , as his Oscan allies and Roman enemies used the " scutum " . Role . " Thureophoroi " are usually distinguished from both skirmisher s and the phalanx and seem to have operated in a role intermediate between the two types . They often supported light troops and seemed to be capable of operating in a similar manner to peltast s . The " thureophoroi " were well suited to the tactical needs for smaller states , mainly border defense . They were mobile and could rapidly advance over varied terrain . According to Plutarch , they could fight as skirmishers and then fall back , assume spears and tighten the ranks , forming a phalanx . Development . In the 4th century BCE , the main type of mercenary infantry was the peltast , to the extent that this became a synonym for mercenaries in general . A few illustrations of the early 3rd century BC still show a small round " pelte " shield in use but by the mid - 3rd century BCE it has been replaced by the " thureos " . The " thureos " was adopted by the Achaean League and by the Boeotians in the 270s BC . Plutarch describes Achaean citizens equipped with the thureos as skirmishing at a distance like peltasts but also as having spears for hand - to - hand combat . Despite their spears , we are told that the " thureophoroi " were not reliable in hand - to - hand fighting owing to their nature as light troops . Mercenary " thureophoroi " were not only Greek but could be from other areas such as Anatolia . Alongside this form of fighting , the " thureomachia " , fighting with swords and the " thureos " , was developed into an athletic event in many Greek competitions . The Achaean League under Philopoemen abandoned the " thureos " around 208 - 207 BC in favor of the heavier Macedonian phalanx , although the citizens of Megalopolis , an Achaean city , had adopted the Macedonian style in 222 BC after Antigonus III Doson gave the city bronze shields to form a contingent of " epilektoi " armed as " Chalkaspides " ( ' Bronze - Shields ' ) . By the end of the 3rd century BC the " thureophoros " was no longer the dominant troop type in the smaller Greek states , having been replaced by the Macedonian - style phalanx . A related troop type was the " thorakites " . Illustrations . Thureophoroi are frequently illustrated in grave paintings from Alexandria and Sidon . They can also be seen in terracotta s from Seleucia on the Tigris .
Rudolf Bornhof Rudolf Bornhof ( 28 May 1914 – 26 January 1944 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Rudolf Bornhof died on 26 January 1944 near Mjedwed , Russia .
Robert Frank ( SS officer ) Robert Frank ( 18 October 1910 – 13 April 1944 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . War Service . Robert ' Adolf ' Frank was born on the 18 October 1910 , in Erlangen , Germany . He volunteered to join the SS - VT and during World War II served with the SS Division " Totenkopf " during the early campaigns in command of the 6th Company . He was awarded the Iron Cross II class during the Battle of France in June 1940 . He next took part in Operation Barbarossa the invasion of the Soviet Union and was awarded the Iron Cross I class in July 1941 . On the formation of the 9th SS Panzer Division " Hohenstaufen " he took over command of the II . / Battalion , 20th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment on the 4 April 1944 . Killed in Action . Robert Frank was killed in action on the 13 April 1944 near Tarnopol in the Ukraine and awarded a posthumous Knight ' s Cross .
Fanning Raid The Fanning Raid was an action of the First World War . The British All Red Line cable station on Fanning Island was raided by Germany ' s SMS " Nürnberg " and SMS " Titania " . A German landing party was sent ashore , to cut the communications cable .