naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ghadames raid The Ghadames raid was a series of hit - and - run attacks carried out between 24 and 26 September 2011 by groups of pro - Gaddafi forces , allegedly including elements of the Khamis Brigade , against the National Transitional Council - administered desert oasis town of Ghadames , Libya , during the Libyan Civil War . Background . Ghadames , an oasis town with a population of around 10 , 000 , lies surrounded by desert in a corner of western Libya , bordering both Algeria and Tunisia . The city is home to one of five UNESCO World Heritage site s in Libya , which UNESCO officials feared would be endangered by fighting . Throughout much of the conflict , Ghadames remained isolated and cut off from communications . As such , news from the town was scant and control of the town was not easy to discern . Some reports said that Ghadames remained " under siege " by loyalists for months ; however , when anti - Gaddafi forces retook the town in late August , these reports were shown to be outdated . After the war , " National Geographic " reported that rebels had indeed staged an uprising in the town , but that a loyalist Tuareg militia suppressed it at some point . Raid . After apparently filtering across the Libya - Algeria border in cars for several days , loyalist forces launched an attack on NTC forces in the city of Ghadames on 24 September . The raid began at around 5 : 30 AM as group of around 100 loyalists , allegedly including mercenaries from Algeria and groups of Tuareg , entered the city and began attacking NTC positions . Local pro - Gaddafi sleeper cells were also reported by local officials to have joined in on the raid . Anti - Gaddafi forces lost 6 - 8 fighters and suffered more than 60 wounded before driving loyalists back into the desert . Sporadic shelling of the town by loyalists continued after the raid , and anti - Gaddafi forces continued to engage in clashes with loyalists as they pursued them out of the town . By the next day , the town was once again clear , but NTC forces had increased security , setting up new checkpoints and posting snipers at key locations . Colonel Ahmed Bani , an NTC spokesman , said that he expected that loyalists would continue to try to use the vast desert area outside of Ghadames as a base of operations , but that anti - Gaddafi forces had secured the area and would not allow another attack . During the night , another series of clashes erupted which continued into the morning of 26 September , leaving another three rebels dead and a dozen wounded .
Allied Museum The Allied Museum ( ) is a museum in Berlin . It documents the political history and the military commitments and roles of the Western Allies ( US , France and Britain ) in Germany – particularly Berlin – between 1945 and 1994 and their contribution to liberty in Berlin . Location : American Sector . The museum is located on the Clayallee in Dahlem , Steglitz - Zehlendorf , in the former American sector of postwar Berlin . It was previously the location of an American cinema , " Outpost " , and a library . Entrance is free . Since the closure of Berlin Tempelhof Airport in 2008 , the Allied Museum has announced its interest in relocating to the old airport at some point . The Allies . The early period of Soviet troops marching into Berlin and plans of how to divide Berlin in sectors is documented . USA , Great Britain and France formed the Western Allies in the Cold War and were then in opposition to the Soviet Union . The museum shows an important part of the military and political scenery of cold war , i . e . the period after World War II and the beginning of the 1990s in Berlin . The Outpost Theater : From victory to airlift . Maps of Berlin with planned sectors , pictures of Soviets marching into Berlin , uniforms , first editions of Berlin newspapers , Denazification , logistics and sacrifices of life by the British - American air lift are shown in the former cinema . Open - Air exhibition : Aircraft and watchtower . Some of the largest objects in the permanent collection are presented in the open - air exhibition space and include a British Handley Page Hastings transport plane , a railway carriage from a French military train , the guard house from the famous border crossing point Checkpoint Charlie and a GDR watchtower . The Nicholson Memorial Library : Privileged position of Berlin . In this part of the museum documents are shown concerning the fall of the wall , the methods to analyze the political situation by western Allies and the measures by the USA , Great Britain and France to guarantee liberty in Berlin . Part of this hall is reserved for temporary exhibitions on themes of modern - day relevance . Organization . The Allied Museum has the legal status of a non - profit association , whose members are the Federal Republic of Germany , the state of Berlin , France , the UK , the USA , the Deutsches Historisches Museum , and the Institut für Zeitgeschichte in Munich . Sculpture Fall of the Wall . Near the Allied Museum , in Clayallee , a sculpture by Veryl Goodnight remembers the joyous event when the Berlin wall came down . Five wild horses are shown jumping over the remains of the wall .
Siege of Pest The Siege of Pest ( modern city of Budapest , Hungary ) occurred in 1542 , when Ferdinand of Austria attempted to recover the cities of Buda and Pest in 1542 from the Ottoman Empire . This was an attempt to recover the cities of Buda and Pest following their occupation by the Ottomans since the Siege of Buda ( 1541 ) . The siege was led by Joachim Brandenburg . The siege was repulsed by the Ottomans , who would remain in control of central Hungary for the following 150 years .
Minister of National Defence ( Canada ) The Minister of National Defence ( ) is a Minister of the Crown and is the Canadian politician within the Cabinet of Canada responsible for the management and direction of all matters relating to the national defence of Canada and the Canadian Forces . The Department of National Defence is headed by the Deputy Minister of National Defence , the Department ’ s senior civil servant , while the Canadian Forces are headed by the Chief of the Defence Staff , Canada ’ s senior serving officer . Both are responsible to the Minister . Although the Governor General of Canada is the Commander - in - Chief of the Canadian Forces , the minister is ultimately responsible for " the management and direction of the Canadian Forces " , while all orders and instructions are issued by the Chief of the Defence Staff . The Department of National Defence exists to aid the minister in carrying out his responsibilities , and acts as the civilian support system for the Canadian Forces . The current Minister of National Defence is The Honourable Rob Nicholson , who replaced Peter MacKay , one of Canada ' s longest serving Ministers of National Defence . History . Historically , the position was pre - dated by the Minister of Militia and Defence . During World War II , the Minister of National Defence was assisted by two subordinate ministers , the Minister of National Defence for Air and Minister of National Defence for Naval Services . The portfolio was merged into a single ministry following the end of the war . The Defence Portfolio . The Defence portfolio for the Minister of National Defence includes : The Minister of National Defence is also the designated Lead Minister for Search and Rescue ( LMSAR ) within the federal government . Ministers . Key :
USS Aquila ( AK - 47 ) USS Aquila ( AK - 47 ) was an " Aquila " - class cargo ship commissioned by the U . S . Navy for service in World War II . She was responsible for delivering general cargo and equipment to ships and stations in the war zone . " MV Tunis " was built in 1936 at Copenhagen , Denmark , by the Helsinger Shipbuilding Co . ; acquired by the Navy from the Maritime Commission on 11 August 1941 ; renamed " Aquila " ( AK - 47 ) on 3 September 1941 ; converted for naval service by the Sullivan Drydock & Repair Co . ; and commissioned on 24 October 1941 , Lt . Comdr . Samuel S . Fried in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . " Aquila " almost immediately began a series of convoy runs from New York and Boston , Massachusetts , to Reykjavík , Iceland . Between 1 December 1941 and 10 October 1942 , the cargo ship made five round - trip voyages . On 7 November 1942 , she arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , to begin operations with the Naval Transportation Service . The ship ' s new assignment involved shuttling supplies and personnel between ports in the Eastern , Panama , Gulf , and Caribbean Sea Frontier s . Post - war decommissioning . " Aquila " followed this routine until she was placed out of commission at Norfolk , Virginia , on 9 October 1945 . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 24 October 1945 , and the ship was returned to the Maritime Commission for disposal . She was then placed under charter by Alcoa Steam Ship Co . , at Portsmouth , Virginia , 9 October 1945 , renamed " MV Bonanza " . In accordance with Public Law 101 , she was returned to her owners DFDS , Denmark , 25 June 1946 , and renamed " MV Tunis " . She was sold in 1966 , renamed " MV Maria T " , then again sold in 1972 , and renamed " MV Mathios " . Her final disposition : scrapped in Greece in 1978 . Military awards and honors . " Aquila ’ s " crew members were eligible for the following medals :
Recruiting sergeant A recruiting sergeant is a British or American soldier of the rank of sergeant who is tasked to enlist recruits . The term originated in the British army of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . The playwright George Farquhar served as an infantry officer , and the characters in his play " The Recruiting Officer " ( 1706 ) are drawn from life . The unscrupulous methods used by some to trick the innocent have been the subject of several traditional songs composed by their victims as a warning to others , popular examples being the Irish traditional song " Arthur McBride " and the Scots " Twa Recruiting Sergeants " . A recruit would be given the Kings shilling as a mark of the contract made . The term has passed into the English language to mean any set of circumstances which recruits or fails to recruit volunteers to the army . See Daily Telegraph headline " The CIA is al - Qaeda ' s best recruiting sergeant
Bodens ingenjörregemente Bodens ingenjörregemente ( Boden Engineer Regiment ) , designations Ing 4 , Ing 3 and Ingbat / I 19 , was a Swedish Army engineer regiment , one of the few new formations raised in the 20th century . It was disbanded in 2005 . The regiment was garrisoned in Boden , Sweden . History . The regiment has its origins in the engineer companies created at Norrbottens regemente in 1902 . These companies became independent in 1904 as Bodens ingenjörkår and gained the designation Ing 4 ( 4th Engineer Regiment ) . Bodens ingenjörkår gained the new designation Ing 3 in 1937 and was upgraded to a regiment in 1975 and was renamed Bodens ingenjörregemente . It was then downgraded to a battalion unit again in 1994 , and was renamed Norrlands ingenjörkår . In 2000 , the battalion became one of five battalions in Norrbottens regemente , with the name Norrlands ingenjörbataljon , the designation Ing 3 was not kept , even though it was still in common use . The battalion was disbanded in 2005 .
Christophe Ossvald Christophe Ossvald was a general of brigade ( 1794 ) in the French Revolutionary Wars . He was born 25 March 1737 in the town of Sarralbe ( Moselle ) " departement " , and was named " chef de brigade " of the 10th Regiment of Cuirassiers on 21 March 1794 . He appointed on the rank of " général de brigede " on june 22nd 1794 . He participated in the invasion of southwestern Germany and Switzerland with the Army of the Danube in 1799 , in which he was assigned to the Artillery Park , under command of Jean Ambroise Baston de Lariboisière . Date and place of death unknown .
Richard Kirby Ridgeway Colonel Richard Kirby Ridgeway ( 18 August 1848 – 11 October 1924 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Biography . Ridgeway was born on 18 August 1848 in Oldcastle , County Meath , Ireland . On 22 November 1879 , he was 31 years old , and a captain in the Bengal Staff Corps , 44th Gurkha Rifles ( later 1 / 8th Gurkha Rifles ) , British Indian Army , during the Naga Hills Expedition . On that date , during the final assault on Konoma , Eastern Frontier of India , under heavy fire from the enemy , Captain Ridgeway rushed up to a barricade and attempted to tear down the planking surrounding it to enable him to effect an entrance . While doing this he was wounded severely in the right shoulder . He later achieved the rank of colonel . He died at the age of 76 in Harrogate , Yorkshire on 11 October 1924 . Notes and references . Listed in order of publication year
Glorieta Pass order of battle The following Union Army and Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Glorieta Pass of the American Civil War . Union Army . Col John P . Slough " Flanking Column " Maj John M . Chivington " Main Column " Col John P . Slough " Cavalry Reserve " Col . John P . Slough Confederate Army . Ltc William Read Scurry
HMS H33 HMS " H33 " was a British H class submarine built by Cammell Laird , Birkenhead . She was laid down on 20 November 1917 and commissioned on 17 May 1919 . In March 1937 the submarine navigated the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal in the company of whose commander had arranged the trip . HMS " H33 " was scrapped at Troon on 19 May 1944 .
65th Infantry Division Granatieri di Savoia The 65th Infantry Division " Grenadiers of Savoy " ( Italian : " Granatieri di Savoia " ) was an infantry division of the Italian Army ( " Regio Esercito Italiano " ) during World War II . East African Campaign . The " Granatieri di Savoia " was active on 26 December 1939 . The " Granatieri di Savoia " and 40 Infantry Division " Hunters of Africa " ( " Cacciatori d ' Africa " ) came under overall command of Amedeo , 3rd Duke of Aosta , who was Viceroy and Governor - General of AOI . The " Granatieri di Savoia " took part in the Italian conquest of Kassala in Anglo - Egyptian Sudan on 4 July 1940 , Italian conquest of British Somaliland and the Battle of Keren . The last elements of the " Granatieri di Savoia " Division surrendered on 19 May 1941 .
Rolls - Royce Exe The Rolls - Royce Exe , or Boreas , was a 24 - cylinder air - cooled X block sleeve valve aircraft engine intended primarily for the new Fairey Fleet Air Arm aircraft , particularly the Fairey Barracuda . The Exe was under development in 1939 , having been started in the 1930s , along with the Peregrine and Vulture . The Exe was named after the River Exe , although Rolls - Royce later transferred the using of river names to its gas turbine engines . Work on the Exe was suspended in August 1939 , and stopped about August 1940 . In August 1940 Hives wanted to stop work on the Peregrine , Exe and Vulture to concentrate on the Merlin and Griffon engines . Applications . Originally intended for the Fairey Barracuda the Exe was only test flown in a Fairey Battle , the first flight taking place on 30 November 1938 . This aircraft continued in use for some time as a communications aircraft where the Exe was noted to be quite reliable in service .
Luftwaffe Honor plate Luftwaffe Honor plate was an award for outstanding combat performance given by the Luftwaffe ( German Air Force ) during the Second World War . It was introduced on 15 June 1942 by the Reich Minister of Aviation and head of the Luftwaffe , Hermann Göring . It was awarded to members of the Luftwaffe field army units as a counterpart to the honor of flying . About 50 were awarded , the exact number is unknown .
HMS Fame ( H78 ) HMS " Fame " was an F class destroyer of the Royal Navy . She was active during the Second World War , taking part in the Battle of the Atlantic . Construction . She was built by Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company , Wallsend , although her hull was sub - contracted to Vickers Armstrongs , Walker . She was launched on 28 June 1934 , the same day as her sister - ship , " Firedrake " . Service history . Second World War . In 1939 " Fame " was assigned to 8 Destroyer flotilla attached to Home Fleet , acting as anti - submarine escort for the fleet . In 1940 she served in the Norwegian Campaign , and was involved in the Bodø evacuation . In October 1940 " Fame " collided with " Ashanti " , causing major damage . She was moved to Chatham and paid off into the hands of the dockyard where she remained for nearly 2 years . In September 1942 " Fame " returned to active service and was assigned to B - 6 Escort Group under Cdr R Heathcote as group leader ( SOE ) . In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships ; protecting convoys , searching for and attacking U - boats which attacked ships in convoy , and rescuing survivors . Her first Atlantic convoy action was with SC 104 , a major convoy battle that saw the loss of 8 ships , with 2 warships damaged , and 2 U - boats destroyed , with 2 more damaged and forced to retire . " Fame " was responsible for the destruction of " U - 353 " on 16 October 1942 , but was damaged in the process . " Fame " was back in action in December , and while escorting ON 155 was dispatched to the aid of ON 154 , which was under heavy attack . Heathcote was ordered to take command of the escort after the SOE ( G Windeyer , in " St Laurent " ) , had collapsed from exhaustion . In a five - day battle , ON 154 had lost 14 ships for 1 U - boat destroyed . In February 1943 " Fame " was escort to ON 165 , which lost 2 ships for 2 U - boats destroyed . " Fame " destroyed " U - 69 " in this battle , and " Viscount " , another escort , destroyed " U - 201 " . ( " Viscount " was originally credited with " U - 69 " , and " Fame " with " U - 201 " , but post war analysis reversed this . In August " Fame " , now under the command of RA Currie , was leader of the escort for ON 206 which was attacked during the U - boat Arm ’ s autumn offensive . This battle , which also involved the ships and escorts of ONS 20 , saw 6 U - boats destroyed for the loss of one ship . In May 1944 " Fame " was reassigned to patrol duty in the South - Western Approaches as part of Operation Neptune as senior ship of 14 Escort Group . During this time " Fame " participated in the sinking of " U - 767 " by the 14th Escort Group on 18 June 1944 . In July " Fame " returned to escort duty in the Atlantic , continuing there until the end of the war . Post war . In 1947 Fame went into the RN Reserve , and in 1949 was transferred to the Dominican Republic as " Generalisimo " . In 1962 she was renamed " Sanchez " , and in 1968 scrapped .
Third Reserve Army of Observation The Third Reserve Army of Observation was a Russian army created during 1811 as an impromptu force to watch the Austrian frontier when it became apparent that the Austrian Emperor would possibly send troops into Russia as part of the French invasion of Russia . Composition . Commander - in - Chief General of the Cavalry A . P . Tormasov Chief of Staff General Major I . N . Inzov General - quartermaster - Colonel R . E . Renni Duty General - Fligel - Adjutant Colonel K . F . Oldekop Chief of Artillery - General Major I . Kh . Sivers The total strength of the Army was 60 battalions , 76 squadrons , 10 cossack regiments , and 168 guns .
Otto von Schrader Otto von Schrader ( 18 March 1888 – 19 July 1945 ) was an Admiral in the German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . As a U boat commander during World War I he was credited with the sinking of 57 ships for a total of , a further 6 ships damaged for a total of , including the SS " Justicia " , and one ship taken as prize for a total of . Von Schrader was taken prisoner of war in Norway at the end of World war II . He committed suicide in Norwegian captivity on 19 July 1945 .
Army of West Virginia The Army of West Virginia served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was the primary field army of the Department of West Virginia . It campaigned primarily in West Virginia , Southwest Virginia and in the Shenandoah Valley . It is noted for having two future U . S . presidents serve in its ranks : Rutherford B . Hayes and William McKinley , both from the 23rd Ohio Infantry . History . Brigadier General George Crook was appointed to command the Department of West Virginia on July 25 , 1864 . Crook did not immediately assume this command and in the meantime was in command of the " Army of the Kanawha " . When Crook assumed command on August 9 , 1864 , the army in the field was given the title " Army of West Virginia " . The army consisted of three divisions and for all practical purposes functioned as a corps in Maj . Gen . Philip Sheridan ' s Army of the Shenandoah . Often this command has been referred to as the " VIII Corps " . It should not be confused with the official Union Army VIII Corps , which was commanded by Maj . Gen . Lew Wallace and on guard duty along the B & O Railroad during this time . Crook led the army through the Shenandoah Valley Campaign and fought in all the major engagements . The 1st Division was led by Col . Joseph Thoburn until he was killed in action at Cedar Creek . He was succeeded by Col . Thomas Harris . The 2nd " Kanawha " Division was led by Col . Isaac H . Duval until he was wounded at Third Winchester . Command of the division passed to Col . Rutherford B . Hayes who led the division at Cedar Creek . A Provisional Division led by Colonel J . Howard Kitching joined just prior to the battle of Cedar Creek . Exact composition of the Provisional Division is unknown other than approximately 1 , 000 soldiers including the 6th New York Heavy Artillery . Kitching was severely wounded at Cedar Creek and died the following year as a result . On December 19 , 1864 , with the fighting in the Valley over , Crook ' s forces ceased to be known as the Army of West Virginia and continued on simply as the Department of West Virginia .
William Johnson ( Australian politician ) William James Johnson ( 1871 – 30 July 1916 ) was an Australian politician and soldier . Born in Yass , New South Wales , he received a primary education before becoming a coachbuilder . He was involved in local politics as a member of Auburn Council . In 1910 , he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Robertson , defeating Henry Willis . He held the seat until 1913 , when he was defeated by William Fleming , representing the Commonwealth Liberal Party . Johnson enlisted as a Private on 14 August 1915 and served in the Second Battalion in France . While there , his Division was addressed by then Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes and former Prime Minister Andrew Fisher , then serving as Australian High Commissioner to Britain , and Hughes recognised Johnson in the crowd . The former colleagues were seen laughing and reminiscing for some time . Johnson was killed in action two weeks later .
6th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry The 6th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It spent its entire term of service in the western United States attached to the Department of the Pacific . The Regiment was organized at Benicia Barracks , San Francisco on February 1 , 1863 . 6th Regiment mustered out from October 25 to December 20 , 1865 . The only recorded engagements of the Regiment occurred with the detachment sent to the Humbolt District in 1864 , near the end of the Bald Hills War . It had engagements with the Indians in the Skirmish at Booth ' s Run , May 1 ( Company " E " ) and Kneeland ' s Prairie May 2 ( Company " E " ) , near Boynton ' s Prairie May 6 ( Company " C " ) and at Grouse Creek May 23 ( Companies " E " and " G " ) .