naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Motor Torpedo Boat PT - 121 USS " PT - 121 " was a motor torpedo boat of the United States Navy , built by the Electric Launch Company ( ELCO ) of Bayonne , New Jersey , launched in 1942 , and sunk in a friendly fire incident on 27 March 1944 . Service history . On the morning of March 27 , 1944 , Lt . Crowell C . Hall , USNR , executive officer of Squadron 25 , in " PT - 353 " ( Ens . George H . Guckert , USNR ) , with " PT - 121 " ( Ens . Richard B . Secrest , USNR ) , was trying to thread a way through New Britain ' s reefs to Ewasse , in Bangula Bay , to investigate a reported enemy schooner . At 0745 , four P - 40s fighters of 78 Squadron , Royal Australian Air Force operating out of Kiriwina , flew over and Lieutenant Hall asked them by radio to investigate the schooner . The aircraft complied , and reported it had been strafed previously and was no longer a worthwhile target . No sooner had the boats turned to leave than they were attacked by four other P - 40s of 78 Squadron and a Beaufighter heavy fighter of 30 Squadron RAAF . A second Beaufighter recognized the PTs and throughout the attack attempted to call off the other Beaufighter by radio and to maneuver to head off the P - 40s . No order to open fire was given on either boat . After the aircraft made several runs , gunners on the " PT - 353 " fired seven or eight rounds of 40 mm and five rounds of 37 mm , and those on the " PT - 121 " fired seven rounds of 20 mm and three short bursts of . 50 caliber gunfire . Lieutenant Hall on the " PT - 353 " and Ensign Secrest on the " PT - 121 " stopped the firing immediately . Both boats burned , exploded , and sank , except for a portion of the bow of the " PT - 121 " . Shortly after the attack , two P - 40s of the group that had investigated the schooner returned . They dropped a liferaft to the survivors and sent in a radio report of the tragedy . Five hours later , a P - 40 guided " PT - 346 " and " PT - 354 " to the survivors . Four officers and four enlisted men were dead ; four officers and eight enlisted men were wounded ; two PTs were completely destroyed . In part , the losses were caused by a failure in communication . The message reporting the intended movements of PTs had been placed in the wrong file at 78 Squadron headquarters , so the pilots had not been told that PTs would be operating in the area . In part , the losses were caused by failure of the pilots to recognize the PTs . The first P - 40s recognized them and gave them a helping hand . One Beaufighter in the second group recognized them and tried to stop the attack . The other pilots simply mistook them for enemy craft . After an investigation by the Navy , Ensign Secrest received the Navy Cross .
Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus ( consul 494 BC ) Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus ( Latin : Aulus Virginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus ) was a Roman Republic an patrician politician and general of the gens Veturia . He served as a Roman consul in 494 BC together with Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus Family origins . Cicurinus seems to have been the name of two different family branches within the Veturia gens . They were respectively named Crassus Cicurinus and Geminus Cicurinus . Titus Veturius was probably the twin brother of Gaius Veturius Geminus Cicurinus who was consul in 499 BC . Biography . During his tenure as consul , the plebs rioted in Rome and established a camp on Mount Sacro and the office of the Tribune of the Plebs was created . Titus Veturius was sent to fight against the Aequi who had invaded the territory of the Latins . the Aequi quickly retired and fled to the mountains . His son , Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus who was also named in the twin format , became consul in 462 BC .
Zeng Shan Zeng Shan ( ; 1899 – 1972 ) was a Chinese Communist military commander and security minister . His wife , Deng Liujin , was one of the few women who participated in the Long March , and later ran a school for the children of high cadres . He was the father of Zeng Qinghong , Vice President of the People ’ s Republic of China from 2003 to 2008 . Zeng backed Mao Zedong in the Jiangxi Soviet confrontation with Li Lisan , and was at one point Chairman of the Chinese Soviet Republic government . He was a key player in the violent 1931 purge of the so - called Anti - Bolshivik Corps . Zeng did not participate in the Long March , but rather stayed behind to command a small guerrilla unit on the Guangdong - Guangxi border . At the end of the Civil War , he was serving in the Third Field Army ’ s 10th Army under Ye Fei , and became a member of the 8th and 9th Central Committees . He served a Minister of Internal Affairs ( i . e . , security ) from 1960 to October 1969 .
USS Jarvis ( DD - 38 ) The first USS " Jarvis " ( DD - 38 ) was a modified in the United States Navy during World War I . She was named for James C . Jarvis . " Jarvis " was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Company , Camden , New Jersey on 1 July 1911 ; launched on 4 April 1912 ; sponsored by Mrs . Jean King ; and commissioned on 22 October 1912 , Lieutenant Commander D . P . Mannix in command . Pre - World War I . Following shakedown off Cuba , " Jarvis " spent a year operating out of Norfolk , Virginia in the Caribbean . She departed Pensacola , Florida on 20 April 1914 for patrols off Tampico and Veracruz , Mexico , during the US occupation of Veracruz . Returning to Norfolk on 16 June , she operated in the Atlantic until departing New York on 26 May 1917 to join US Naval Forces operating in European waters under Vice Admiral William Sims . World War I . Arriving in Queenstown , Ireland , via St . Nazaire , France on 11 June , she commenced patrol and escort duty along the Irish and English coasts . The operations of destroyers such as " Jarvis " were of immense value to the Allies in overcoming the German submarine menace . While not credited with sinking any U - boat s , on two occasions " Jarvis " rescued crews of ships torpedoed by enemy submarines . On 19 June she rescued 41 survivors of SS " Batoum " off the Irish coast , and she pulled 22 survivors of the British merchantman " Purley " from the North Sea on 25 July . After recovering " Batoum " s survivors , she braved a possible torpedo attack and positioned herself between SS " Mechanician " and a U - boat to protect the merchant ship from enemy torpedoes . " Jarvis " operated out of Queenstown until 15 February 1918 , when she sailed to Brest , France to guard Allied shipping along the French coast . She patrolled out of Brest until 28 December ; then she sailed for the United States . Arriving at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on 12 January 1919 , she resumed operations along the Atlantic Coast . " Jarvis " returned to Philadelphia on 21 July and decommissioned on 26 November . To comply with the terms of the London Naval Treaty , she was scrapped and her materials sold on 23 April 1935 .
Ashley Castle Ashley Castle was in the small village of Ashley , Hampshire ( ) . It was built in 1138 on the site of a former Iron Age fort by Henry de Blois . It was slighted in 1155 , but was then repaired and used until the middle of the 15th century as a palace by the Bishops of Winchester . It was abandoned in the 17th century . Only the earthworks , the remains of the gatehouse and curtain wall remain .
SS Leander ( 1925 ) Leander was a 989 GRT coaster that was built in 1925 by Atlas Werke AG , Hamburg , Germany . She was captured by the British Royal Navy in 1939 and impressed into service as Empire Crusader , serving until bombed and sunk in 1940 . Description . The ship was built in 1925 by Atlas Werke AG , Bremen . The ship was long , with a beam of . She had a depth of . She was assessed at 989 GRT . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine . History . " Leander " was built for Neptun Line , Bremen . On 18 February 1931 , she caught fire off Domesnaes , Latvia and was abandoned by her crew . When World War II broke out , she was in port at Vigo , Spain . Unable to get food , she attempted to reach Germany disguised as a Russian merchant ship . On 9 November , she was captured off Vigo by . Her captain attempted to scuttle the ship , but was forcibly prevented from doing so by the rest of her crew . " Leander " was escorted into Falmouth , Cornwall , arriving on 13 November . " Leander " was declard to be a prize of war . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Crusader " . She was assessed as 1 , 042 GRT . She appears to have entered service for the British in March 1940 . " Empire Crusader " sailed in British coastal waters , mostly between Plymouth , Devon and Seaham or Sunderland , County Durham . On 7 August 1940 , " Empire Crusader " departed from Southend , Essex as a member of Convoy CW 9 , bound for the Yarmouth Roads . The next day , in the third aerial attack on the convoy , she was bombed by Junkers Ju 87 s of Fliegerkorps VIII , StG 1 , off St Catherine ' s Point , Isle of Wight . Her cargo of coal was set on fire and the crew abandoned ship . Of her crew of nine , plus six DEMS gunners , four were killed . The ship capsized and sank at . Her Chief Engineer , James Cowper , was awarded an MBE , and Acting Able Seaman William Robson was commended , for their part in rescuing the ship ' s Second Mate .
Malkoč - beg Malkoč - beg ( died in 1565 ) was an Ottoman soldier and statesman . According to Safvet beg Bašagić , he was a Croat from Bosnia . He participated in the siege of Klis , and was later appointed as sanjakbeg of Sanjak of Klis ( " Kilis Sancağı " , Klis ) .
Louis Félix Étienne , marquis de Turgot Louis Félix Étienne , marquis de Turgot ( 26 September 1796 Falaise , Calvados - 2 October 1866 Versailles ( Yvelines ) ) was a French diplomat and politician . Family . He was the son of Etienne - François Turgot ( 1721 – 1788 ) , marquis de Sousmont ; his great - uncle was Anne Robert Jacques Turgot , Baron de Laune ; his great grandfather was Michel - Étienne Turgot . He married Louise Mouton de Lobau , in 1830 , daughter of Georges Mouton , comte Lobau . He had children Jacques - Louis Turgot , who married Tecla de Montaignac in 1867 ; and Madame Dubois de L ' Estaing . Career . He left Saint - Cyr , and was a trooper in the guard who followed Louis XVIII to Ghent . He was a Cuirassiers officer in the Royal Guard under the Restoration , he resigned on 26 July 1830 . He rallied to Louis Philippe , and entered the in 1832 , where he sat with the right , supporters of conservative politics . After the presidential election of 1848 , he became a fervent supporter of Louis - Napoleon Bonaparte . He had no official business when , on 26 October 1851 , he was appointed foreign minister in the cabinet containing St . Arnaud and Maupas , charged with preparing a coup . Without doubt the Marquis de Turgot owed this amazing promotion to his name , as much as his social position . Although not required , apparently he confided in the coup , and he fully supported , as a man of order , the new regime , that was responsible for admission by the European embassies . On 28 July 1852 , he was replaced by Drouyn Lhuys , and was appointed senator . In April 1853 , he obtained the post of ambassador in Madrid . During his mission , he fought a duel with his U . S . counterpart , in which he was seriously injured . Recovered , he became ambassador in August 1858 in Bern , where he remained for eight years until his death .
John A . Toolan John A . Toolan Jr . is a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general , currently serving as the I Marine Expeditionary Force ' s commanding general . His personal awards include the Defense Superior Service Medal ( 3 ) , Legion of Merit of which ( 2 ) Combat V , and the Combat Action Ribbon .
Siege of Badami The Siege of Badami ( 1 – 20 May 1786 ) was conducted by forces of the Maratha Empire and the Nizam of Hyderabad against a Mysorean garrison at Badami , a fortified town in present - day northern Karnataka in India , during the Maratha - Mysore War . The allied army , numbering as many as 50 , 000 and led by the Maratha leader Hari Pant , stormed the city on 20 May ; the fortress surrendered immediately thereafter .
Tich ( dog ) Tich ( 1940 – 1959 ) was a mixed - breed military dog during the Second World War . She was awarded the Dickin Medal in 1949 for her actions during the war as a battalion mascot to the King ' s Royal Rifle Corps . The Dickin Medal is considered to be the animal ' s Victoria Cross . After the war she lived with her battalion handler at his home in the UK . After she died she was buried in the People ' s Dispensary for Sick Animals ( PDSA ) ' s Ilford Animal Cemetery . Military service . During the fighting in the Western Desert Campaign during the Second World War in 1941 , a small cross - breed dog was found by soldiers of the 1st Battalion King ' s Royal Rifle Corps . Named " Tich " and nicknamed " The Desert Rat " , she acted as a mascot to the Battalion . In 1943 , the dog was passed to Rifleman Thomas Walker . The dog accompanied Walker whilst on the front line , riding usually on the bonnet of a bren gun carrier or a jeep . In 1944 , she was smuggled aboard the ship that took the battalion to Italy and whilst on board had puppies . Walker was awarded the Military Medal for his work as a battlefield medic whilst under fire . On each occasion where he was in danger , Tich remained by his side . 1KRRC ' s commanding officer , Lieutenant - Colonel E . A . W . Williams recommended Tich for the Dickin Medal stating , " Her courage and devotion to duty were of very real and considerable value and her courageous example materially helped many men to keep their heads and sense of proportion in times of extreme danger . The sight of her put heart in the men as she habitually rode on the bonnet of her master ’ s jeep and refused to leave her post even when bringing in wounded under heavy fire . " The Dickin Medal is considered to be the animal ' s Victoria Cross . Her Dickin Medal was dated 1 July 1949 , with it being awarded to her by Major Peter Earle , MC , on 3 September 1949 at Wembley in front of eight thousand people during the Animals ' Rally . Her citation reads , " For loyalty , courage and devotion to duty under hazardous conditions of war 1941 to 1945 , while serving with the 1st King ' s Rifle Corps in North Africa and Italy . " Later life . Tich gave birth to fifteen puppies during her life , and lived after the war with Walker at his home in Newcastle , England . Together they took part in fundraising activities for the People ' s Dispensary for Sick Animals , the issuing body for the Dickin Medal . She died in 1959 , and was buried at the PDSA ' s Ilford Animal Cemetery where several other Dickin Medal holders are interred . Her Dickin Medal was passed into the hands of the Royal Green Jackets Museum in Winchester .
Utti Jaeger Regiment The Utti Jaeger Regiment ( , ) is the Finnish Army training and development centre for special forces and helicopter operations . It consists of about 500 personnel of which about 200 are conscripts . Special forces . The Special Jaeger Battalion trains special forces for the Finnish Army . Conscripts are trained in both long range recon , Sissi , MOUT and Air Assault operations . The Battalion includes an Airborne Jaeger Company for the training of conscripts , a Special Jaeger Company consisting of enlisted personnel who have a reserve officer or NCO training , and Military Police School , responsible for the training of career military police personnel of the Finnish Defence Forces . The Finnish special forces trace their history to the four long - range patrol units ( " Kaukopartio - osastot " ) of the 4th Detached Battalion ( " Erillinen Pataljoona 4 " ) which fought in the Continuation War . The colours of the regiment are blazon ed " Vert , a griffin rampant Argent ; in dexter chief a sun - wheel shaped fylfot Argent " .
Richard Zimmer ( general ) Richard Zimmer ( 21 June 1893 – 20 June 1971 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Marts ( DE - 174 ) USS " Marts " ( DE - 174 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and provided escort service against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . " Marts " was named in honor of Alvin Lee Marts who earned the Navy Cross for his heroic efforts during the Battle of Tassafaronga . The ship was laid down by Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co . , Newark , New Jersey , on 26 April 1943 ; launched on 8 August 1943 ; sponsored by Miss Betty Marts ; and , commissioned on 3 September 1943 . Lt . Carl M . Fellows in command . World War II South Atlantic operations . After shakedown off Bermuda , " Marts " departed New York on 4 November for convoy escort duty off the Atlantic coast of South America . She reached Trinidad , British West Indies , on 9 November , and during the next five months operated in the 4th Fleet escorting ships between Trinidad and Recife , Brazil . As escort for , she departed Bahia , Brazil , on 23 May 1944 and patrolled the mid - Atlantic , south of the Equator , in search of German U - boats , until returning to Bahia on 5 June . She made two more patrols during the next month ; and , after escorting " Omaha " to Gibraltar on 13 July , she returned to Recife the 23rd . Between 24 July and 3 August " Marts " screened the British cable repair ship SS " Cambria " during repairs on communications cables off the Brazilian coast . Thence , she joined Escort Division 24 on hunter - killer patrols in the Atlantic . Operating with , she made four offensive ASW patrols out of Recife between 22 August and 12 November . After completing sonar repairs at Bahia , Brazil , she sailed to Trinidad , where she arrived on 5 December to resume convoy escort duty . From 6 to 18 December she screened a merchant convoy to Recife ; thence , she continued escort duty between Brazilian Ports and Trinidad until the end of January 1945 . " Marts " joined at Bahia on 1 February and escorted the cruiser on patrol in the South Atlantic until returning to Recife on 10 February . Post - War deactivation and decommissioning . Scheduled for transfer under lend lease to the Brazilian government , she steamed to the Brazilian naval base at Natal on 2 March , and there trained Brazilian sailors . " Marts " decommissioned on 20 March 1945 and recommissioned the same day in the Brazilian Navy as " Bocaina " ( D - 22 ) . On 30 June 1953 , she was returned to the United States and simultaneously transferred outright to Brazil under terms of the Mutual Defense Assistance Program . She continued to serve in the Brazilian Navy until struck and scrapped in 1975 .
Legionary The Roman legionary was a professional soldier of the Roman army after the Marian reforms . Legionaries had to be Roman citizens under the age of 45 . They enlisted in a legion for twenty - five years of service , a change from the early practice of enlisting only for a campaign . The last five years were on veteran lighter duties . On the march in unfriendly terrain , the legionary would be loaded down with armour commonly " lorica hamata " , " lorica squamata " , or 1st - 3rd century " lorica segmentata " , shield ( " scutum " ) , helmet ( " galea " ) , two javelin s ( one heavy " pilum " and one light " verutum " ) , a short sword ( " gladius " ) , a dagger ( " pugio " ) , a pair of heavy sandal s ( " caligae " ) , a sarcina ( marching pack ) , about fourteen days ' worth of food , a waterskin ( bladder for water ) , cooking equipment , two stakes ( " sudes murale " ) for the construction of palisade s , and a shovel or wicker basket . The Roman soldier underwent especially rigorous training ; discipline was the base of the army ' s success , and the soldiers were relentlessly and constantly trained with weapons and especially with drill — forced marches with full load and in tight formation were frequent . Discipline was important and infractions were heavily punished by the centurion s . However , honours , rewards and promotions were frequently awarded to legionaries who distinguished themselves in battle or through exemplary service . Immunes . Regular trained legionaries were known as " milites " and were the equivalent in rank of the modern private . Included in the ranks , aside from the " milites " , were the immunes , specialist soldiers with secondary roles such as engineer , artilleryman , drill and weapons instructor , carpenter and medic . These men were still fully trained legionaries , however , and would fight in the ranks if called upon . They were excused from some of the more arduous tasks such as drill and fatigues and received better pay than their comrades in arms . Other legionaries . " Legionary " is also a term used for members of other legions , like French Foreign Legion , Spanish Foreign Legion or Polish Legions . Members of these modern legions are often called " légionnaires " , the French term for legionary . The term was also used by the Romania n far right paramilitary group known in English as the Iron Guard .
Robert Olejnik ( pilot ) Robert Olejnik ( 9 March 1911 – 29 October 1988 ) was a " Luftwaffe " flying ace of World War II . He was credited with 41 aerial victories claimed in some 680 combat missions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Arado Ar 231 The Arado Ar 231 was a light - weight floatplane , developed during World War II in Germany as a scout plane for submarine s . The need to be stored inside the submarine necessitated compromises in design that made this single - seat seaplane of little practical use . Design and development . Designed from the outset for use on U - boat " cruiser s " , like the Type XI B , the Ar 231 was a light parasol - wing aircraft . The aircraft was powered by a 119 kW ( 160 hp ) Hirth HM 501 inline engine , weighed around 1 , 000 kg ( 2 , 200 lb ) , and had a 10 m ( 33 ft ) wingspan . The design led to a simple and compact aircraft that could be fitted into a storage cylinder only 2 m ( 6 . 7 ft ) in diameter . For ease of storage , the Ar 231 ' s wings featured detachable sections that two operators could remove in less than six minutes . One unusual feature was an offset wing design , with the right wing root attaching to the wing ' s tilted center section ( elevated above the fuselage , as on all parasol - wing designs ) and lower than the left wing root , to allow the wings to be quickly folded up . Operational history . Testing soon revealed the Ar 231s to be fragile , underpowered , and difficult to fly even during calm weather , and as a result , development ended in favour of the Focke Achgelis Fa 330 gyroglider . Some of the testing was done on the auxiliary cruiser " Stier " , two of the six prototypes being taken on one voyage .
9th Georgia Volunteer Infantry The 9th Georgia Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . History . The 9th Georgia Volunteer Infantry formed in June 1861 and contained men from around the State of Georgia . The regiment fought at Gettysburg , Siege of Knoxville , and participated in the Wilderness Campaign while serving under General James Longstreet . For their actions at Gettysburg , they received the Confederate Roll of Honor . Aside from a brief stint in the Army of Tennessee , the 9th spent most of its time during the war with Longstreet in the Army of Northern Virginia and ended their service with that corps . Future Atlanta mayor , George Hillyer served with the 9th and wrote a book about their action at Gettysburg entitled " My Gettysburg Battle Experiences " .