naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Stalag XX - A Stalag XX - A was a German World War II prisoner of war camp located in Thorn / Toruń , Poland . It was not a single camp and contained as many as 20 , 000 men at its peak . The main camp was located in a complex of fifteen forts that surrounded the whole of the city . The forts had been built at the end of 19th century to defend the western border of Kingdom of Prussia . History . In September 1939 some of the forts were used as POW camps for Polish prisoners , specifically those captured after the surrender of the Polish fort at Westerplatte at the mouth of the river Vistula and on the Hel Peninsula . In June 1940 additional forts were added to the camp to accommodate British soldiers . The first to arrive were 403 men from the Allied campaign in Norway . Later about 4 , 500 arrived from Dunkirk and subsequently from the British 51st ( Highland ) Infantry Division captured at Saint - Valery - en - Caux . In 1941 and 1942 Soviet prisoners arrived . At the peak there were about 10 , 000 prisoners at the camp . However many of them were located in sub - camps . The camp was liberated on 1 February 1945 by the Soviet Army . Sub - camps . In accordance with the Third Geneva Convention , POWs below the rank of Sergeant were required to work and were attached to " Arbeitskommando " ( " labour units " ) . They were hired out to military and civilian contractors . In the case of farm work , this was often carried out on state farms . Sergeants and above could not be forced to work and if they did so were sent to non - working camps . Some of these sub - camps were not the traditional POW camps with barbed wire and guard towers but merely accommodation centers . Some camps were large and created for a particular project .
HMS Victory ( 1620 ) Victory was a 42 - gun great ship of the English Royal Navy , built by Andrew Burrell at Deptford and launched in 1620 . She was first commissioned in 1627 under Captain Thomas Kettleby for the abortive attack on La Rochelle . During the First Anglo - Dutch War , under the command of Lionel Lane , she took part in the Battles of Dover ( 19 May 1652 ) , Dungeness ( 29 November 1652 ) , Portland ( 18 February ) , the Gabbard ( 2 June 1653 – 3 June 1653 ) and Texel ( 31 July 1653 ) . By 1660 she was armed with 56 guns . By 1665 , " Victory " had been reduced to ordinary status at Chatham Dockyard , and in 1666 she was rebuilt there by Phineas Pett II as an 82 - gun second - rate ship of the line . Recommissioned under Sir Christopher Myngs , she took part in the Four Days Battle of 1666 ( where Myngs was killed ) , and on 25 July 1666 in the St James ' s Day fight under Sir Edward Spragge . During the Third Dutch War she participated in the Battle of Solebay ( on 28 May 1672 under Lord Ossory ) , the two Battles of Schooneveld ( on 28 May and 4 June 1673 under Sir William Jennens ) , and the Battle of Texel ( on 11 August 1673 , still under Jennens ) . By 1685 her armament had been reduced to 80 guns . She was broken up in 1691 at Woolwich Dockyard .
Campbell Army Airfield Campbell Army Airfield is a military airport at Fort Campbell , which is located near Hopkinsville , a city in Christian County , Kentucky , United States . Previously Campbell Air Force Base , a U . S . Air Force installation from 1947 to 1959 , this U . S . Army airfield has two asphalt paved runways : 5 / 23 is 11 , 826 by 200 feet ( 3 , 605 x 61 m ) and 18 / 36 is 4 , 500 by 150 feet ( 1 , 372 x 46 m ) . The airfield currently houses UH - 60 , CH - 47 , AH - 64 , and OH - 58 helicopters of the 101st Combat Aviation Brigade and MH - 60 , MH - 47 , and MH - 6 helicopters of the 160th SOAR . It is also home to elements of the 159th Combat Aviation Brigade . Before 2004 , all the 101st Airborne Division ' s Chinooks were in 7th Battalion , 101st Aviation Regiment , and the specialized hangar for those aircraft was built on CAAF . With the division of those aircraft between the two brigades , a Chinook hangar does not yet exist on the 159th ' s new home on Saber Army Heliport at the opposite end of post .
Littoral Airborne Sensor / Hyperspectral The Littoral Airborne Sensor / Hyperspectral ( LASH ) imaging system developed by the United States Navy combines optical imaging hardware , navigation and stabilization , and advanced image processing and algorithms to provide real - time submarine target detection , classification , and identification in littoral waters . Operating in visible and near infrared spectrum ( 390 to 710 nm ) , LASH collects hyperspectral imagery using many spectral channels ( colors ) to exploit subtle color features associated with targets of interest . Developed as a pod - mounted system , LASH can be operated from a P - 3C Orion , SH - 60B Seahawk , or other platforms in support of anti - submarine warfare , mine detection , passive bathymetry , near - shore mapping , and land - based detection , discrimination and targeting . Other Applications . LASH technology might have medical applications . Researchers are investigating the camera ' s ability to detect cancer cells by comparing their minute light variations with surrounding tissue . Its ability to detect cervical cancer has been studied . If successful , it could perform a painless virtual biopsy and provide instantaneous results . an unclassified budget justification sheet and References . a vendor ' s description published by the USN , both in the public domain ] http : / / the . honoluluadvertiser . com / article / 2003 / Aug / 19 / ln / ln23a . html
1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment The 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment ( ) is an airborne unit of the French Army . It was the first French parachute regiment and is today part of the 11th Parachute Brigade . Flag of the regiment . It bears , stitched in gold letters in its folds , the following inscriptions : The flag was presented to the 1st Battalion of the Regiment 14 April 1944 in Paceco Sicily .
USS Dodge County ( LST - 722 ) USS " Dodge County " ( LST - 722 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named after counties in Georgia , Minnesota , Nebraska , and Wisconsin , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . " LST - 722 " was laid down on 15 July 1944 at Jeffersonville , Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company ; launched on 21 August 1944 ; sponsored by Miss Rosemary Furey ; and commissioned on 13 September 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 722 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific theater and participated in the following operations : Palawan Island landings ( February and March , 1945 ) and Mindanao Island landings ( April , 1945 ) . Following the war , " LST - 722 " performed occupation duty in the Far East until April 1946 . She was decommissioned on 13 July 1946 . Recommissioned on 16 November 1951 , the ship was assigned to the Amphibious Force , U . S . Atlantic Fleet , for duty . On 1 July 1955 " LST - 722 " was redesignated USS " Dodge County " ( LST - 722 ) . She was decommissioned again on 3 January 1956 . Dodge County was recommissioned once again in 1961 , and participated in the Cuban Missile Crisis , October to December 1962 . Upon completion of this duty she was assigned again to the Amphibious Force , U . S . Atlantic Fleet . She was decommissioned for the final time in October 1969 , and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 15 September 1974 . The ship was transferred and sold to Thailand under the Security Assistance Program on 1 November 1975 and renamed HTMS " Prathong " . " LST - 722 " earned one battle star for World War II service .
John Vincent Holland John Vincent Holland VC ( 19 July 1889 – 27 February 1975 ) , was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Biography . Holland was born in Athy , County Kildare . During the First World War he was 27 years old , and a lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion , Prince of Wales ' s Leinster Regiment , British Army , attached to 7th Battalion . On 3 September 1916 at Guillemont , France , he performed a deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . During a heavy engagement , Lieutenant Holland , not content with bombing hostile dug - outs , fearlessly led his troops through our own artillery barrage and cleared a great part of the village in front . He started out with 26 troops and finished with only five after capturing some 50 prisoners . By this gallant action he undoubtedly broke the spirit of the enemy and saved many casualties . He died in Hobart , Tasmania on 27 February 1975 . He is survived by his second son Norman Joseph Holland . His eldest son , Major Niall Vincent Holland . M . C . was killed in action near Imphal , Burma in June 1944 while serving in the 4th battalion 5th Mahratta Light Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army . References . Listed in order of publication year
14th Independent Battery Michigan Light Artillery The 14th Independent Battery Michigan Volunteer Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " M " was organized at Kalamazoo , Michigan and mustered into service on January 5 , 1864 . The battery was mustered out on July 1 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . Over its existence , the battery carried a total of 239 men on its muster rolls . The battery lost 9 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 9 fatalities .
HMS Mars ( 1848 ) HMS " Mars " was a two - deck 80 - gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 1 July 1848 at Chatham Dockyard . She served as a supply carrier in the Crimean War , and was fitted with screw propulsion in 1855 . She then saw service in the Mediterranean . In 1869 she was moored in the River Tay . She served there as a training ship until 1929 , when she was sold and towed to Inverkeithing to be broken up . Notes . Gordon Douglas ' s book " We ' ll Send Ye Tae The Mars " ( Published 13 November 2008 ) is a history of the Mars Training Ship and is supported by a website http : / / www . sonsofthemars . com
Tithraustes Tithraustes was the Persian satrap of Sardis for several years in the early 4th century BC . Due to scanty historical records , little is known of the man or his activities . He was sent out from Susa to replace Tissaphernes in 395 BC , and , after arresting his predecessor , executed him . To remove the threat to his satrapy posed by the Spartan army of Agesilaus , Tithraustes persuaded Agesilaus to march north into the satrapy of Pharnabazus , and provided him with money for the march . After this event , no further actions of his can be traced . Xenophon states that it was Tithraustes who dispatched Timocrates of Rhodes to Greece to stir up opposition to Sparta , but this seems unlikely for chronological reasons .
Holger Toftoy Major General Holger Nelson Toftoy ( 31 October 1902 – 19 April 1967 ) was a United States Army officer linked to early rocket ry such as the Redstone missile . Born in Marseilles , Illinois , Toftoy studied at University of Wisconsin – Madison as a ROTC cadet , then transferred to the United States Military Academy , graduating in 1926 . He served in a variety of positions , including in Coast Artillery , Chief of Army Ordnance , and was part of Operation Paperclip ' s founding . In March 1958 , Toftoy became Deputy Commanding General of the Army Ordnance Missile Command , Redstone Arsenal . He remained at RSA until July 1958 , when he was named the Commanding General of Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland ( August 1958 ) . In 1960 Toftoy retired from the Army due to health reasons , and died on April 19 , 1967 , at Walter Reed Army Medical Center . He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery . He was a member of Helion Lodge # 1 Free & Accepted Masons in Huntsville , Alabama .
Battle of Castelfidardo The Battle of Castelfidardo was fought on 18 September 1860 , at Castelfidardo , a small town in the Marche region of Italy ; the Piedmont army , acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification , won a famous battle against papal troops . As a result of this battle , the Marches and Umbria entered in the Kingdom of Italy and the extent of the papal states was reduced to the area of what is today known as Lazio . The battle is remembered for being bloody , and for the highly disparate numbers of troops - less than 10 , 000 papal soldiers to 60 , 000 Piedmontese . The papal army was composed of volunteers from many different European countries , amongst whom the French and Belgian nationals constituted a Franco - Belgian battalion . Among the French volunteers were a notable number of nobles from western France : after the battle , whilst consulting the list of dead and wounded members of the papal army , the Piedmontese general Cialdini is reported to have said , in an example of rather black humor , " you would think this was a list of invites for a ball given by Louis XIV ! " The Franco - Belgian battalion gave rise to a Papal Zouave corps . References . " This article draws heavily on the article in the French - language Wikipedia , which was accessed in the version of November 19 , 2006 .
Czesław Zbierański Czesław Michał Zbierański ( 1885 – 1982 ) was a Polish engineer , pioneer of Polish aviation , major of Polish Army . In 1910 – 1911 , with Stanisław Cywiński , he constructed an aircraft with two pairs of wings , the first Polish aircraft constructed partially with metal . In the 1920s , Zbierański was producing cars , motorcycles and rail draisine s . He was also a Polonia activist , and founder of an English language book collection of the Aviation Institute in Warsaw ( 1962 ) . He was awarded the 5th Class Virtuti Militari . Biography . Zbierański was born on December 6 , 1885 in Warsaw . He developed aviation interests after graduating at Lviv Polytechnic . He co - founded " Aviators Circles " ( ) in which , with Stanisław Cywiński ( who joined to the circles later ) , he planned , designed and constructed an aircraft , Zbierański i Cywiński . The first attempt to fly , in May 1911 , failed . The reason for failure was that a part of the aircraft skin burned . On September 25 , 1911 in Warsaw , Michał Scipio del Campio successfully flew the aircraft for a distance of about 15 – 20 kilometers in 15 minutes . During World War I , Zbierański was in Polish Legions . During World War II , he worked on the construction of anti - aircraft warfare , and as a technical supervisor in production of Avro Anson V at the Federal Aircraft Company . Before end of World War II he moved to U . S . He died on May 31 , 1982 in New York .
Hans - Georg Borck Hans - Georg Borck ( 24 September 1921 – 8 May 2011 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans - Georg Borck was captured by American troops in April 1945 and released in November 1945 .
George Macdonogh Lieutenant General Sir George Mark Watson Macdonogh GBE , KCB , KCMG ( 4 March 1865 – 10 July 1942 ) was a British Army general officer . After early service in the Royal Engineers he became a staff officer prior to the outbreak of the First World War . His main role in the war was as Director of Military Intelligence at the War Office in 1916 - 18 . Early career . Macdonough joined the Royal Engineers in 1884 . He became Deputy Assistant Adjutant General , Royal Engineers at Headquarters Ireland in 1898 , Brigade Major at the School of Military Engineering in 1899 and Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General for Thames District in 1903 . He went on to be a General Staff Officer at the War Office in 1906 . He served in World War I as a General Staff Officer at General Headquarters of the British Expeditionary Force and then as Director of Military Intelligence at the War Office from 1916 . In 1918 he became Adjutant - General to the Forces , a post he held until September 1922 . References .
James G . Blaney James G . Blaney is a retired Major General in the National Guard of the United States and former Adjutant General of Wisconsin . Career . Blaney originally enlisted in the military in 1960 . He was commissioned an officer on July 7 , 1963 . Blaney became Adjutant General of Wisconsin in August 1997 and was promoted to Major General on September 30 , 1997 . Awards Blaney has received include the Legion of Merit , the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Army Commendation Medal , the Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with gold hourglass device , the Army Service Ribbon , and the Army Reserve Components Overseas Training Ribbon .
Battle of Playa Honda The naval Battle of Playa Honda was the first of three known minor conflicts during the Eighty Years ' War between the United Provinces and Spain held in the Philippines . All the battles were won by the Spanish . The first battle occurred in 1610 . The second was the most famous of the series of battles and it took place in 1617 . The third battle took place in 1624 .
Tupelo National Battlefield Tupelo National Battlefield , in Tupelo , Mississippi , commemorates the July 14 – 15 , 1864 , Battle of Tupelo in which Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest tried to cut the railroad supplying the Union ' s march on Atlanta . Administrative history . Established as Tupelo National Battlefield Site February 21 , 1929 , it was then transferred from the War Department on August 10 , 1933 , and later redesignated and the boundary changed on August 10 , 1961 . Listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . Administered by the Natchez Trace Parkway .
Feldpost Feldpost is the German military mail service . Its history dates back to the 18th century in the Kingdom of Prussia during the Seven Years ' War and War of the Bavarian Succession and has existed ever since in different forms and shapes . History . World War II . During 1937 - 39 , the German Wehrmacht had a military mailing service that provided free postal services within Germany . On September 3 , 1939 , the first changes to the service occurred . Postcards and letters up to 250 g including newspapers could be mail free of charge by the German para - military and military organizations . Later in 1939 , packages weighing up to 1000 g were included at the nominal rate of 20 Reichspfennig fee . All German military branches had its own organic postal administration in charge of receiving and delivering mail . For " Feldpost " offices closest to the combat zone a mobile facility usually processed mail for all military branches . In 1940 further changes were introduced followed through the rapid conquest of Europe . Eventually a series of postal agreements were set up between Germany and the occupied countries providing an extended usage of Feldpost service . Countries such as the Netherlands had close to 50 , 000 pro - Nazi volunteers that during the course of the war used the Feldpost service . Eventually these postal agreements were settled between Germany and other countries , including neutral countries such as Portugal , Spain , Switzerland , Sweden and Turkey , which had volunteers within the German forces . To preserve the secrecy of troop movements , each battalion was assigned a five digit code number called Feldpost number ( FPN ) . By the end of 1939 , letter prefixes " L " and " M " were attached in front of each FPN to units belonging to the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine . A breakdown by military units was added by attaching letter prefixes " A " through " E " at the end of each FPN . The letter A generally signified headquarters company , the others stood for line companies . The sequence of an FPN does not necessarily mean that the location of the units were at the same area . The postal cover / postcard itself was usually stamped with a military " Feldpost Cancellation " and " Official Military Unit Seal " . Feldpost numbers were sometimes reassigned to other units , particularly when a unit ceased to exist . Normally Feldpost mail could not be dispatched nor received by civil post offices . If a soldier wanted to send mail through a civil post office , full postage was collected .
USS Wandena ( SP - 354 ) USS " Wandena " ( SP - 354 ) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919 . " Wandena " was built as the private wooden - hulled motorboat " Chipper " in 1913 at the New York Yacht , Launch , and Engine Company in Morris Heights , New York . She subsequently was renamed " Wandena " . The U . S . Navy acquired " Wandena " from J . B . Nichols for World War I service as a patrol vessel . Delivered to the Navy on 28 June 1917 , she was armed , assigned the designation SP - 354 , and commissioned as USS " Wandena " at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn , New York , on 5 November 1917 with Boatswain H . A . Rudolph , USNRF , in command . For the duration of World War I , " Wandena " performed local section patrol duties in the 3rd Naval District out of Section Base No . 10 . She probably ceased such defensive patrols on 24 November 1918 as specified by the order that date to all naval districts . Struck from the Navy List on 24 April 1919 and decommissioned on 7 May 1919 , " Wandena " was sold on 10 September 1919 .
Liu Min ( military official ) Liu Min ( ) , is a Chinese actress , guset professor , and official . She holds the rank of Major General in the People ' s Liberation Army Navy . Biography . In February 1958 , Liu was born in Hefei , Anhui Province . After graduating from primary school , she entered Anhui Art School ( 安徽省艺术学校 ) and she joined the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army Naval Song and Dance Troupe . In 1994 , Liu went to America to study with her husband . In September 1999 , Liu was transferred to Art College of the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army as an official . Liu is actively involved in politics herself , and was a member of the 8th , 9th , 10th National Committee of the Chinese People ' s Political Consultative Conference .