naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 222 Squadron IAF No . 222 Squadron Indian Air Force ( Tigersharks ) is a CAS unit based out of Hasimara AFS . Along with No . 222 Squadron Tiger Sharks , No . 22 Squadron forms a part of the 16 Wing of the IAF . History . 1971 Indo - Pakistan War . No . 222 Squadron was raised at Ambala on 15 September 1969 , with Sukhoi Su - 7 aircraft . In July 1971 , the Squadron was moved to Halwara , and was soon engaged in combat with the PAF . The squadron carried out counter - air strikes against Risalewala and Chander airfields with immense success , despite stiff opposition . It provided CAS to ground units in the Dra - Baba - Nanak , Husseinwala and Firozpur sectors . The squadron virtually paralysed the Pakistani armour thrust , due to numerous strikes against enemy gunning positions , armour , and troops , exposing weak flanks to the ground forces . Short term interdiction missions were directed against rolling stock , rail tracks , marshalling yeards , bridges and enemy convoys . In this the Squadron achieved remarkable success . It conducted photo recon missions against enemy radar positions , deep inside enemy territory . The Squadron was highly decorated for its role in the war , including one MVC , 3 VrCs , 3 VMs , and two Mentions in Despatches . Post - War period . In May 1975 , the squadron was shifted back to Ambala , and continued to operate there until 1981 , when it shifted to Hindon on 14 May 1981 . In December 1985 , the Tigersharks became the first Indian squadron to be equipped with the MiG 27 Bahadur aircraft . The then Prime Minister , Rajiv Gandhi , visited the squadron and renamed it to its current name , Tigersharks . On 19 May 1989 , they were moved to Hasimara where they are currently stationed .
Modular Boot System The Modular Boot System ( MBS ) is a multifunctional , multi - theater footwear system that will afford the soldier environmental protection and added capability in environmental conditions ranging from minus 20 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit . It is a developmental program designed to replace the Army Combat Boot hot and temperate weather variants , ICWB w / RL and black Cold Weather Boot , which has already been phased out . Sources . " This article incorporates work from https : / / peosoldier . army . mil / newpeo / Equipment / Temp . asp ? id = cie _ cwsb , which is in the public domain as it is a work of the United States Military . "
Shielder minelaying system The Shielder minelaying system is used by the British Army to quickly create anti - tank barriers . The system is based on the American Alliant Techsystems M163 Volcano system . It was ordered in 1995 and was first deployed in 1999 . The system consists of up to 40 dispensers , each containing 6 mines , mounted on a flat bed version of the Alvis Stormer tracked armoured vehicle . The dispensers can launch mines to the sides and rear of the vehicle as it proceeds . Each mine has a programmable life , after which they self - destruct . A dispenser control unit provides fire signals , testing and arming of the self - destruct mechanism . Twenty - nine Shielder systems are currently deployed with the British Army .
119th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 119th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army . The unit was an organic element of the 30th Infantry Division ( " Old Hickory " ) of the United States Army . Recent history . The 119th was an active unit of the United States Army National Guard as recently as 2000 . A Silver color and metal enamel device 1 3 / 16 inches ( 3 . 02 cm ) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned : Per fess Azure and Argent , upon a mound in base Vert a lion rampant passant counterchanged , eyed , langued and armed Gules . Attached below and to the sides of the shield is a Silver scroll turned Blue inscribed “ UNDAUNTED ” in Blue letters . The blue is the color of the Infantry . The functions of the organization are allegorically implied by the ferocious lion , heraldically being the lively image of a good soldier who must be valiant of courage , strong of body and a foe to fear . The motto alludes to the symbolism of the shield and is expressive of the characteristics of the personnel . The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 4 February 1943 . It was amended to change the description on 29 March 1953 . Per fess Azure and Argent , upon a mound in base Vert a lion rampant passant counterchanged , eyed , langued and armed Gules . That for the regiments and separate battalions of the North Carolina Army National Guard : On a wreath of the colors Argent and Azure , a hornet ’ s nest hanging from a bough beset with 13 hornets all Proper . Motto : UNDAUNTED . The blue is the color of the Infantry . The functions of the organization are allegorically implied by the ferocious lion , heraldically being the lively image of a good soldier who must be valiant of courage , strong of body and a foe to fear . The crest is that of the North Carolina Army National Guard . Coat of arms . Background . The coat of arms was approved on 4 February 1943 . It was amended to change the blazon on 29 March 1953 . References . Bibliography
113th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 113th Infantry Division was created on 10 December 1940 in Grafenwöhr . The Division was annihilated in the Battle of Stalingrad and reformed on 21 March 1943 in France . The remains of the Division were transferred to the Divisions - Gruppe 113 of the 337th Infantry Division after the battle at Newel in November 1943 .
Cheney Award The Cheney Award is an aviation award presented by the United States Air Force in memory of 1st Lt . William Cheney , who was killed in an air collision over Italy in 1918 . It was established in 1927 , and is awarded to an airman for an act of valor , extreme fortitude or self - sacrifice in a humanitarian interest , performed in connection with aircraft , but not necessarily of a military nature . History . The Cheney award was established in 1927 in honor of First lieutenant William H . Cheney who was killed January 20 , 1918 when his airplane crashed in Foggia , Italy . It is an annual award presented to United States Air Force members and is selected and presented by the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force . The nominees are selected based upon a demonstrated " act of valor , extreme fortitude , or self - sacrifice in a humanitarian interest , performed in connection with aircraft , but not necessarily of a military nature by an Air Force officer or enlisted member . " Additionally , the event must have occurred within the same calendar year the award would be presented . Recipients of the Cheney award receive a certificate , a bronze plaque and their name is placed on an honorarium with other recipients of the award .
Panama Canal Division Authorized in 1920 , the Panama Canal Division of the United States Army was organized in 1921 in order to insure the United States could adequately defend the Canal Zone ( similar divisions were organized to defend Hawaii and the Philippines ) . Its initial composition included the 19th Infantry Brigade ( 14th and 65th Infantry Regiments , of which the 65th was stationed in Puerto Rico ) and the 20th Infantry Brigade ( 33rd and 42nd Infantry Regiment s ) . The two brigades appear to have been active until 1927 . ( McGrath , ' The Brigade , ' p . 166 ) Later , however , the commander of the Panama Canal Department , Major General Preston Brown , determined that the defense of Panama would be better served by command groups representing the Atlantic and the Pacific . In 1932 , the Army inactivated the division , keeping its Tables of Organization on file should the need arise to reactivate it . It never has .
USS Neches ( AO - 5 ) USS " Neches " ( AO – 5 ) was laid down on 8 June 1919 by the Boston Navy Yard in Boston , Massachusetts ; launched on 2 June 1920 , sponsored by Miss Helen Griffin , daughter of Rear Admiral Robert Griffin ; and commissioned on 25 October 1920 , with Commander H . T . Meriwether , USNRF , in command . Originally classified as Fuel Ship No . 17 through 1920 , " Neches " was assigned to Boston until 3 March 1922 . During service with the Atlantic Fleet , she performed fleet fuel duties along the East Coast , participated in tactical exercises , carried mail , and towed targets . She also made several trips to Port Arthur , Texas , for fuel oil and gasoline . She fueled at Fall River , Massachusetts , in early March 1922 and then steamed for Norfolk , Virginia . She next got underway for her new home yard at Mare Island , California , and thence to San Diego , California , her new homeport , whence she operated as a fleet oiler . She underwent overhaul commencing on 1 May 1926 at Mare Island , during which a new hydraulic gasoline stowage system was installed . During the ensuing 15 years " Neches " was a busy ship . She participated in and helped develop fleet tactics , fueled the fleet , and supplied oil and gasoline to bases in the Panama Canal Zone , Caribbean , and Hawaii . The oiler was underway from San Diego to Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked that base . She arrived on 10 December 1941 , rapidly off - loaded and hurriedly returned to San Diego in order to take on more cargo for Pearl Harbor . Neches was returning to Pearl Harbor with damage control hulk DCH 1 ( IX - 44 ) , formerly destroyer " Walker " ( DD - 163 ) , in tow . On 28 December 1941 , DCH 1 was cast adrift and scuttled by gunfire from Neches at 26°35 ′ N 143°49 ′ W . " Neches " steamed from Pearl Harbor late in the afternoon of 22 January 1942 , headed for the western Pacific as the re - fueling ship for the task force containing the aircraft carrier USS " Lexington " . Shortly after midnight , the watch discerned a possible submarine at a range of about and immediately took evasive action . At 0310 there was a heavy thud amidships , probably a dud torpedo . At 03 : 19 a torpedo from struck the oiler on the starboard side abaft the engine room . The explosion caused extensive flooding in the engine room spaces , although water did not reach the fire room . At 03 : 28 the submarine was sighted to port just before another torpedo struck the port side . Both guns took the submarine under fire and continued firing until 03 : 35 , when the list to starboard made it impossible to depress the guns sufficiently . " Neches " slowly settled forward and the list to starboard increased steadily . She sank at 04 : 37 , with a loss of fifty - seven men , at , approximately west of Pearl Harbor .
Volunteer Fighting Corps They were the Japanese equivalent of the German Volkssturm . Its Commander - in - Chief was former Prime Minister General Koiso Kuniaki . History . Volunteer Corps . In March 1945 , the cabinet of Japanese Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso passed a law establishing the creation of unarmed civil defense units , . With the assistance of the " Taisei Yokusankai " political party , the " tonarigumi " and Great Japan Youth Party , units were created by June 1945 . The " Kokumin Giyūtai " was not combatant , but working unit for fire service , food production and evacuation . All male civilians between the ages of 12 to 65 years , and females of 12 to 45 years were members . They received training on fire fighting techniques and elementary first aid . Reformation as Militia . In April 1945 , the Japanese cabinet resolved on reforming " Kokumin Giyūtai " into civilian militia . In June , the cabinet passed a special conscription law , and named the militia units . The " Kokumin Giyū Sentōtai " would be organized , if the allied landing unit close to the Japanese homeland . Governors of Prefectures could conscript all male civilians between the ages of 15 to 60 years , and unmarried females of 17 to 40 years . Commanders were appointed from retired military personnel and civilians with weapons experience . Combat training sessions were held . But , the " Kokumin Giyū Sentōtai " was primarily assigned to support tasks such as construction , transportation and rationing . The " Kokumin Giyū Sentōtai " was intended as main reserve along with a " second defense line " for Japanese forces to sustain a war of attrition against invading forces . After the allied invasion , these forces were intended to form resistance or guerilla warfare cells in cities , towns or mountains . Strength . Some 28 , 000 , 000 men and women were considered " combat capable " by the end of June 1945 , yet only about 2 , 000 , 000 of them were recruited when the war ended , and most of them did not experience combat due to Japan ' s surrender before the Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands . The battle of Okinawa took place before the formation of Volunteer Fighting Corps . At this stage of the war , the lack of modern weaponry and ammunition meant that most were armed with swords or even bamboo spears . Within Japan proper , the " Kokumin Giyū Sentōtai " were never used in combat , except in South Sakhalin ( the Battle of Okinawa occurred before its formal inception ) . And the similar units organized in Japanese exterior provinces were used in battle . The units in Chosen , Kwangtung and Manchukuo sustained heavy casualties in combat against the Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria during the last days of World War II . The " Kokumin Giyūtai " was abolished by order of the American occupation forces after the surrender of Japan . Equipment . The " Kokumin Giyu Sentōtai " units were theoretically armed with weapons including : In actuality , mostly only much less sophisticated arms were available : However , " Type 4 " grenades were in plentiful enough supply due to their ease of manufacture . See also . Other nations :
Atanasio Girardot Atanasio Girardot ( May 2 , 1791 – September 30 , 1813 ) was a Colombian revolutionary leader who fought with Simón Bolívar in the " Campaña Admirable " and other battles . He died during the Battle of Bárbula , trying to plant the republican flag on Bárbula Hill .
Burgruine Glanegg Burgruine Glanegg is a castle in Carinthia , Austria . After Hochosterwitz and Fortress Landskron , is the third largest military complex in Carinthia . History . In the history of the castle is first documented in 1121 . The first owner was the Duke Henry III of Carinthia . After his death in 1122 it was inherited by his nephew , Count Bernhard von Marburg and later Otakar III His son , Duke Ottokar IV left the castle after his death in 1192 to Leopold V . From 1473 - 1478 the castle was threatened by the Turks , but they failed to capture the castle . After three more owners , in 1534 King Ferdinand I owned the castle , but he had to sell it to Ulrich von Ernau because of his debts . In 1818 by the castle was purchased by Hofrichter Hirzegger Ossiach , whose daughter , Josephine , married Klinze Glanegg , who was given the castle as a wedding present . In 1860 the castle was sold to Bregenz Mayor Ferdinand Kinz . After three more owners , the castle Glanegg finally came to a family of twins , which now own the castle . Construction . The building is composed of various architectural elements , ranging from Romanticism to Renaissance . What is striking is the entrance to the round tower . The decay of the castle began in the mid - 19th century .
41st Air Division The 41st Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with Fifth Air Force , stationed at Yokota Air Base , Japan . It was inactivated on 15 January 1968 . History . The 41st Air Division was organized , administered , equipped , and trained assigned units in Japan from March 1952 – January 1968 . It conducted combined planning with the Japan Air Self Defense Force and , when directed by higher headquarters , joint and combined training with other allied forces . It also developed tactics and examined technical aspects of aerial warfare requirements for new weapons and weapon systems , and improved uses of current weapons . In addition , its assigned units carried out aerial surveillance and reconnaissance missions and collected , evaluated , produced and disseminated intelligence data . The division maintained operational control of all and defense type aircraft , antiaircraft artillery , and surface to air missile units in Japan . In 1962 it became an operational organization that controlled , evaluated , and exercised assigned units . In fulfilling this role the division participated in exercises such as Commando Night , Commando Rock , Bright Night and Teamwork . In response to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident in 1964 , the 41st deployed personnel and aircraft to Southeast Asia . These deployments continued periodically until the unit was inactivated . Honors . The unit earned the Korean Service organizational service streamers . Emblem . Blazon : Over a shield , divided per bend , azure and gules a cost argent , between a shield of the last ornamented and orled of the second and sable and an arm in armor embowed , gauntleted and brandishing a sword to the sinister all argent ; on a chief vert in fess a radio wave pattern argent , the shield and chief edged throughout of the last . ( Approved 30 April 1958 )
Thomas K . Chadwick Thomas K . Chadwick is retired officer in the United States Navy and Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard . Biography . A native of Ohio , Chadwick is an ordained Presbyterian minister . Chadwick is a graduate of Ohio University , Pittsburgh Theological Seminary and Pepperdine University . He is married with three children . Career . Chadwick was commissioned a Navy chaplain candidate in 1971 and entered active duty in 1975 . He would serve aboard the USS Harry E . Yarnell ( CG - 17 ) , as well as with Fleet Marine Force and the U . S . Atlantic Fleet . Chadwick held the position of Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard from 1992 to 1995 before retiring in 1998 . Awards he received include the Legion of Merit , the Meritorious Service Medal with award star , the Navy Commendation Medal with two award stars , the Coast Guard Commendation Medal and the Lifesaving Medal .
Ferdinando Cona Ferdinando Cona ( 25 April 1882 – unknown ) was an Italian military officer who participated in World War II . His positions included C . O . XXI . Granatieri di Sardegna Infantry Brigade ; C . O . XXIX . Infantry Brigade ; Deputy Chief of Staff , East Africa ( 1935 – 36 ) ; General Officer Commanding 7th Division Leonessa ( ? – 1939 ) ; General Officer Commanding XV Corps ( 1940 ) ; General Officer Commanding XX Corps , North Africa ( 1940 – 41 ) . He took over as commander - in - chief of X Army when General Tellera was killed in action at the battle of Beda Fomm in February 1941 . His command was short - lived as he was captured by Allied forces during the same battle .
Chongqing Baishiyi Air Base Chongqing Baishiyi Air Base is a People ' s Liberation Army Air Force Base , located about 13 miles northwest of Chongqing in the People ’ s Republic of China . History . During World War II , the airport was known as Peishiyi ( Paishihyi ) Airfield and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Fourteenth Air Force as part of the China Defensive Campaign ( 1942 – 1945 ) . Peishiyi was a command and control base , being used late in the war as the headquarters of the 68th Composite Wing , which controlled the combat operations of the 23d Fighter Group and the 308th Bombardment Group . In addition C - 47 Skytrain transport aircraft used the airport flying troops and supplies into the area as well as combat wounded to rear areas . The Americans remained at the airport after the war ended , the facility becoming the headquarters of the China Air Service Command , which supplied equipment and other logistical support to American and Chinese forces , along with being headquarters of Fourteenth Air Force . The American units began closing down in early 1946 , with the last personnel of the 10th Weather Squadron departing the facility on 31 July 1946 .
Castlemartin Training Area The Castlemartin Army Training Area was established in 1939 and covers of Pembrokeshire in South Western Wales . It is owned by the Ministry of Defence ( MoD ) its is located within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park . The ranges are active for 44 weeks of the year and when in use can include a coastal exclusion zone of some off the coast , or as little as depending on weapons systems / munitions being used . History . In 1962 there was a shortage of suitable tank training areas in Northern part of Germany for the British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ) , an agreement was made whereby armoured training for German recruits was undertaken in the UK so the Bergen - Hohne Training Area could be freed for use by the British Army . This carried on until the 1990s when additional ranges in Eastern Germany became available on reunification . The Ranges today . In 1999 the Defence Training Estate was formed and units from all over the UK and NATO have trained on the ranges . Within the Pembrokeshire Estate there are :
Powała of Taczew Pan Mikołaj Powała z Taczewa ( " Sir Mikołaj Powała of Taczew " ) of Ogończyk Coat of Arms was a Polish knight in the Middle Ages . He took part in the Battle of Grunwald of 1410 . He was also one of the Polish knights to represent the king at the tournament at Buda held to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Lubowla . While not as famous nor as symbolic as Zawisza Czarny , in the 20th century he was made a protagonist of several films , among them the 1970 " Pierścień księżnej Anny " ( " Ring of Duchess Anna " ) . There is a hill ( mound ) named after him outside Taczew . However his Castle is now in ruins . Descendants of Pan Mikołaj Powała z Taczewa also fought in the battles for Vienna in Austria . Their family coat of arms is engraved in the Cathedral of Vienna .
Francis McLaren The Honourable Francis Walter Stafford McLaren ( 16 June 1886 – 30 August 1917 ) was a British Member of Parliament killed in World War I . Career . A younger son of Charles McLaren , 1st Baron Aberconway , he attended Eton and Balliol College , Oxford . Entering politics , he was elected as Liberal Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Spalding in January 1910 . Between 1910 and 1915 , he served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for the Colonies , Lewis Vernon Harcourt . In 1916 , he joined the Royal Flying Corps as a Second Lieutenant , and was subsequently killed in a flying accident in 1917 . Family . On 20 July 1911 , he married Barbara Jekyll , daughter of Colonel Sir Herbert Jekyll ( KCMG ) ; they had two children : Death . McLaren died on 30 August 1917 , following a flying accident during training at RAF Montrose and is buried in Busbridge churchyard , Surrey . His widow later married Bernard Freyberg .