naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
500th Bombardment Squadron The 500th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 345th Bombardment Wing , based at Langley Air Force Base , Virginia . It was inactivated on 25 June 1959 . History . Established as a B - 25 Mitchell medium bomber group in late 1942 ; trained under Third Air Force in the southeast United States . Deployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations ( PTO ) , in June 1943 being assigned to Fifth Air Force in the Southwest Pacific Area . Engaged in combat operations initially during the New Guinea Campaign , attacking enemy targets in New Guinea in support of General MacArthur ' s campaign , using B - 25s for low - level strafing attacks . B - 25s were modified with extra fuel tanks to increase range with extra . 50 caliber machine guns installed in the noses of the aircraft . Squadron engaged in combat over New Guinea , the Bismarck Archipelago , Northern Solomon Islands , the Southern Philippines and Leyte . Also flew long - distance attacks over Southeastern China and Formosa before the Japanese Capitulation in August 1945 . Squadron demobilized on Okinawa during the fall of 1945 , inactivated on 19 December . Reactivated in 1954 as part of Tactical Air Command . Equipped with B - 26 ' s and later with B - 57 ' S . Trained to maintain combat proficiency in locating , attacking , and destroying targets from all altitudes and under all conditions of weather and light including deployment to Dhahran Airfield , Saudi Arabia 16 July - 21 October 1958 . Inactivated on 25 June 1959 as part of the phaseout of the B - 57 .
Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine is part of Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems and , through various mergers , has built a heritage that includes Decca Radar s , Sperry Marine , and C . Plath . Three of the best - known names in the marine electronics industry . Northrop Grumman purchased Litton Industries in April 2001 forming Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine . Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman offers a range of marine navigation products and solutions including Marine Radars , Gyrocompasses , Steering Systems , and Integrated Bridge Systems . Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine operates in over 15 countries and employs over 500 people . Product and Services . Autopilot and Steering Control Systems The Sperry Marine Manual Ship Steering System and Autopilot uses ship steering control network technology to control a ship . The NAVIGUIDE 4000 Manual Steering System has multiple configurations to meet specific customer requirements . The ship steering system is fully type approved by Germanischer Lloyd . The innovative NAVIPILOT 4000 is capable of tuning itself to adapt automatically to the ship ’ s load characteristics and weather conditions for safety and fuel savings . Maritime Radar and Navigation The VisionMaster FT series of Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine provide efficient Navigation Radar , Chart Radar and Multi - Function Workstation . All radars make it easier for operators to identify small targets in sea or rain clutter . The VisionMaster Radar series incorporate innovative technology which shows clear radar images in all weather conditions , and increases operating efficiency and safety at sea for all classes of vessels . Service Network Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine takes care of its navigation systems with over 15 , 000 service requests per year worldwide , providing maintenance and repair as well as installations and retrofit to most classes of vessels . With over 20 worldwide offices and 100 service agents worldwide , customers can rely on highly qualified engineers 24 hours a day , 365 days a year . Dedicated and skilled Marine Service engineers deliver shipboard maintenance and repair services at every major seaport in the world and provide on - call shipboard service .
Diedrich Bruns Diedrich Bruns ( 17 March 1897 – 29 October 1988 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Council of Ministers at Home Council of Ministers at Home ( ) was a part of the Polish Government in Exile residing in occupied Poland . It was the top executive of the Polish Underground State , created on 26 July 1944 from Government Delegate ' s Office at Home . It was led by Polish deputy prime minister , Jan Stanisław Jankowski , and divided into departments representative of pre - war Polish ministries and other offices . Most of its members , including Jankowski , were arrested on 27 March 1945 by NKVD and sentenced in the Trial of the Sixteen . The remaining leaders of the Underground State decided not to recreate the Council .
Adam Petrovich Ozharovsky Count Adam Petrovich Ozharovsky ( ) ( 1776 – 30 November 1855 , Warsaw ) was a Russia n general of Polish descent who distinguished himself during the Napoleonic Wars . His father , hetman Piotr Ożarowski , was seized by the insurrectionists and charged with treason during the Warsaw Uprising , which took place from April 17 to April 19 , 1794 . He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging three weeks after the insurrectionists gained control of the Polish capital , on May 9 , 1794 . Possibly as a consequence of this , Adam entered the Russian service . Emperor Paul had him dismissed from the imperial service and committed to prison in 1798 ; he was pardoned the following day , without any explanation . In 1806 , upon her divorce with Count Pahlen , Ozharovsky married Maria , great niece of Prince Potemkin and the last Countess Skavronsk aya . In September 1802 Ozharovsky was promoted Colonel and took part in all the Napoleonic Wars that followed . During the Battle of Austerlitz he took hold of the French banner , an exploit which won him the Order of Saint George . He also excelled in the Battle of Friedland , which claimed the life of his brother . On 22 July 1807 Ozharovsky was promoted Major General . Ozharovsky played a prominent part in the Patriotic War of 1812 . An admirer of the military theories of Ernst von Pfuel , he was put in charge of the camp of Russian forces near the Drissa River . At Tarutino and Maloyaroslavets , Ozharovsky commanded a separate corps of Cossacks and peasant militia . His " flying column " was stationed at Krasnoi , when the Imperial Guard attacked the town and succeeded in ousting Ozharovsky from it . During the foreign campaigns of the Russian army , Ozharovsky fought in all major battles and took 20 French cannons at Sompuis . At the close of the war , he was promoted Full General of Cavalry . He served as Alexander I ' s aide - de - camp and was appointed a senator on 6 December 1826 . Ozharovsky fell out with the next emperor and settled into retirement in 1827 but returned to take part in the suppression of the November Uprising in 1831 . At the time of his death , he was a member of the State Council of Poland .
Fort D Fort D , Cape Girardeau , Missouri The earthwork walls are the original Fort D , as constructed in 1861 and restored in 1936 . A palisade wall , probably made of upright logs , constituted the rear wall and was pierced by a gate . The gap in the south wall may have been a “ sally ” port , allowing soldiers access to the rifle pit s below the parapet . The fort was armed with three 32 - pounder cannon s and two 24 - pounder cannons ; all mounted on movable siege carriages . A 32 - pounder cannon was a smoothbore cannon that could fire a 32 - pound solid round shot over one mile . The cannon plus carriage probably weight more than four tons . Fort D was garrisoned by Union troops from Illinois , Missouri , and other Midwestern states throughout the Civil War . The fort was never engaged in real combat ; The Battle of Cape Girardeau , April 26 , 1863 , was fought west of the city . The fort was saved from development in the early 20th century . The earthworks were repaired by the Works Progress Administration during the 1930s . The stone blockhouse was also built by the WPA in 1936 and has been used for many purposes since . ( SEE MAP BELOW ) Plaque : Cape Girardeau Convention and Visitors Bureau and the City of Cape Girardeau Parks and Recreation Department Down the Colorado . Work on Fort D began on August 6 , 1861 under the direction of Lieutenant John W . Powell of Illinois . Later , Powell recruited a company of men from Cape Girardeau to serve in the Union army . Since Powell was from Illinois , these men were mustered in as Battery F , 2nd Illinois Light Artillery . After training for several months , the battery was sent up the Tennessee River to Pittsburgh Landing , near a small chapel known as Shiloh . During the Battle of Shiloh , on April 6 , 1862 , Powell gave a command to fire by raising his hand . A bullet shattered his wrist , and the arm was later amputated to stop infection . In 1869 , one - armed John Wesley Powell led the first successful navigation of the Colorado River through what Powell named “ The Grand Canyon . ” Plaque : Cape Girardeau Convention and Visitors Bureau and the City of Cape Girardeau Parks and Recreation Department A Fortified City . Fort D is the surviving fortification built by Union troops here during the Civil War . Fort A sat just north of downtown Cape Girardeau on a high hill . A grist - grinding windmill was included in the fort . Fort B was located where Academic Hall now stands at Southeast Missouri State University . Fort C was built at the end of Bloomfield Road east of Pacific St . Smaller earthworks included Battery A at the corner of Henderson and New Madrid Streets , Battery B on Whitener Street just east of Sunset Avenue and rifle pits along Perry Avenue and on the hill where Southeast Missouri Hospital now stands . ( SEE MAP BELOW ) Plaque : Cape Girardeau Convention and Visitors Bureau and the City of Cape Girardeau Parks and Recreation Department
Pierre Jeanpierre Pierre Paul Jeanpierre ( 14 March 1912 – 29 May 1958 ) was a French Army officer . He fought during World War II , the First Indochina War , the Suez Crisis and the Algerian War , where he was killed in action . Apart from a short time in the French resistance , he served exclusively with French Foreign Legion units , most notably as commander of the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment . Biography . He joined the 131st Infantry Regiment as private in 1930 and worked his way up , graduating from officer school in 1936 . He was made Second Lieutenant in 1937 in the 1st Foreign Regiment of the French Foreign Legion . After World War II started in 1939 , he served in the 6th Foreign Regiment , deployed in Levant . He refused to join the Free French Forces , instead chose to return to the Legion in Marseilles . There he joined the French Resistance after the invasion of the free zone by German and Italian forces in November 1942 ( Operation " Anton " ) . He was taken prisoner in 1944 and interred in the Mauthausen - Gusen concentration camp . After the war ended , he rejoined the legion and volunteered to serve in the Foreign Legion parachute units . He sailed to Indochina as second - in - command to Pierre Segrétain in the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion ( 1er BEP ) in 1948 . During the evacuation of RC 4 , he and the battalion jumped over That Khe . He took over much of the leadership of the battalion after the commander was crippled . It was Jeanpierre who led the 29 survivors of the battalion who managed to escape to French lines . Evacuated to Algeria to recover , he returned to Indochina to command the reformed 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion after its second annihilation at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu . After the battalion became a regiment he was passed over for command , instead serving again as second - in - command , this time to Colonel Albert Brothier . He took command of the regiment in March , 1957 . He was killed in action in a helicopter crash on 29 May 1958 .
Albert Harrison Hoyt Albert Harrison Hoyt ( 1826 – 1915 ) was an American editor and author , born in Sandwich , New Hampshire . He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1850 , studied and practiced law in Portsmouth , New Hampshire , was a paymaster in the army during the Civil War , rising to the rank of lieutenant - colonel . After the peace he was editor of the " New England Historical and Genealogical Register " ( 1868 – 76 ) and of " Memorial Biographies " , volume iv ( 1885 ) . His other works include :
Barrel shroud A barrel shroud is a covering attached to the barrel of a firearm , that partially or completely encircles the barrel which prevents operators from injuring themselves on a hot barrel . Slides , extensions of the stock that do not fully encircle the barrel , and the receiver ( or frame ) of a firearm itself are generally not described as barrel shrouds , though they in fact do act as such . Barrel shrouds are commonly featured on air - cooled machine gun s , where sustained rapid or automatic fire leave the barrel extremely hot and dangerous to the operator . However , shrouds can also be utilized on semi - automatic firearm s , as even a small number of shots can heat up a barrel enough to injure an operator in certain circumstances . Barrel shrouds are also used on pump - action shotguns . The military trench shotgun features a ventilated metal handguard with a bayonet attachment lug . Ventilated handguards or heat shields ( usually without bayonet lugs ) are also used on police riot shotgun s and shotguns marketed for civilian self - defense . The heat shield protects the user from being burned by a hot barrel and serves as an attachment base for accessories such as sights or sling swivels . Legislation . The barrel shroud has been the target of legislative restrictions in the United States , along with other features of certain firearms . The now - expired Federal Assault Weapons Ban included a barrel shroud in its list of features for which a semi - automatic pistol could be banned ( two features in the list were required ) . Proposals to restore the assault weapons ban , including this provision , have been made but have been unsuccessful .
Victor de Laveleye Victor Auguste de Laveleye ( Brussels , 5 November 1894 - Elsene , 14 December 1945 ) was a Belgian liberal politician and minister . He also served as announcer on " Radio Belgique " during World War II . De Laveleye was a doctor in law , and was municipality Council member of Sint - Gillis , President of the Liberal Party ( 1936 – 1937 ) and Liberal member of parliament ( 1939 – 1945 ) for the district Brussels . De Laveleye was minister of justice ( 1937 ) and of public education ( 1944 – 1945 ) . During World War II he was newsreader for Radio Belgique , a BBC station transmitted to occupied Belgium . V sign . On 14 January 1941 , he asked all Belgians to choose the letter " V " as a rallying sign , being the first letter of " victoire " ( victory ) in French and of " vrijheid " ( freedom ) in Dutch ” . This was the beginning of the " V campaign " " which saw " V " graffities on the walls of Belgium and later all of Europe and introduced the use of the " V sign " for victory and freedom . English occult ist Aleister Crowley alleged to have privately suggested the V sign to de Laveleye for use as propaganda against the Nazi swastika . Sports . He competed for Belgium in tennis at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics . He was nephew of Baron Edouard de Laveleye , chairman of the Belgian Olympic Committee .
Elisabeth Schumacher Elisabeth Schumacher , née Hohenemser , ( April 28 , 1904 — December 22 , 1942 ) was an artist and resistance fighter in the Third Reich . She belonged to the Red Orchestra ( " Rote Kapelle " ) resistance group . Life . Elisabeth was born in Darmstadt to the engineer Fritz Hohenemser , who came from a Jewish family of bankers from Frankfurt am Main . Her mother was from a Christian family and came from Meiningen . In 1914 , the family moved from Strasbourg ( then part of Germany ) to Frankfurt am Main . Shortly thereafter , Fritz Hohenemser died in action in the First World War . Elisabeth then moved to Meiningen with her mother and siblings . Living in Frankfurt again in 1921 , she attended the School of Applied Arts ( " Kunstgewerbeschule " ) in Offenbach on and off until 1925 . She worked at a crafts studio until 1928 , so that she could later study art in Berlin , which she did until 1933 . After completing her studies , she was active at the German Labour Museum ( " Deutsches Arbeitsmuseum " ) . Owing to the Nuremberg Laws , she was deemed to be a " half - Jew " ( " " Halbjüdin " " ) , and therefore could not expect to hold a steady job , but could only freelance . Resistance activities . In 1934 , Elisabeth Hohenemser married the sculptor Kurt Schumacher , a staunch Communist . The couple became part of the circle of friends that included Libertas and Harro Schulze - Boysen , and Mildred and Arvid Harnack , which the Gestapo later dubbed the " Red Orchestra " ( " Rote Kapelle " ) . The group was active giving out handbills and documenting the Nazi régime ' s crimes . Schumacher wanted to protect Jewish relatives from deportation . Moreover , she believed there were possibilities of negotiating peace with the Soviet Union . Early in 1941 , the Schumachers were involved in the attempt to warn the Soviet Union by wireless about the forthcoming German invasion ( Operation Barbarossa ) . In August 1942 , they took in the Communist Albert Hößler ( or Hoessler ) , who had lived in the Soviet Union since the 1930s . He parachute d into Germany to support the resistance group ' s transmission of information to the Soviet Union . Arrest and death . In 1942 , after a wireless message was decoded , many members of the Red Orchestra were arrested . On 12 September of that year , Schumacher was arrested at her flat . Like her husband , she was sentenced to death on 19 December 1942 at the " Reichskriegsgericht " ( " Reich Military Tribunal " ) for " conspiracy to commit high treason " , espionage , and other political crimes . Schumacher was beheaded on 22 December 1942 at Plötzensee Prison , forty - five minutes after her husband was hanged there .
No . 1460 Flight RAF No . 1460 ( Fighter ) Flight was formed at RAF Acklington on 15 December 1941 , equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft . The flight became operational in May 1942 and made its first and only contact with the enemy in June of that year . On operations they cooperated first with the Hawker Hurricane s of 43 Squadron and later with those of 1 Squadron . The flight was replaced with 539 Squadron on 2 September 1942 but officially disbanded as late as 23 January 1943 . 539 Sqn , which had taken over men and machines , carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943 , when Turbinlite squadrons were , due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar , thought to be superfluous .
Loudoun Rangers The Loudoun Rangers , also known as Mean ' s Rangers for their commander , Samuel C . Means , was a partisan cavalry unit raised in Loudoun County , Virginia , that fought for the Union during the American Civil War . The Rangers have the distinction of being the only unit raised in present - day Virginia to serve in the Union Army . The Loudoun Rangers were formed in the spring of 1862 , when the Union Army first occupied Loudoun County as part of its campaign in the Shenandoah Valley . Returning with the army was local unionist , Samuel Means , who had been run out of the county the previous year by local Confederates . Secretary of War Edwin M . Stanton issued Means orders to raise a company of men to serve as independent command , of which he would serve as captain , for special service in Loudoun and along the Virginia - Maryland border . Recruiting operations were established in the northern Loudoun Valley , an area of strong unionist sentiment , eventually leading to the formation of 2 companies . For the first two years of service the Loudoun Rangers served as partisans , often in conjunction with Cole ' s Maryland Cavalry ( 1st Potomac Home Brigade ) fighting their confederate counterparts , such as White ' s Comanches , Mosby ' s Rangers and John Mobberly ' s renegade band in and around Loudoun . In 1864 the Rangers were absorbed into regular service , leading to Means ' departure . Daniel Keyes subsequently took his place as leader of the outfit . During the final years of the war the Rangers were attached to the Union army in the Shenandoah Valley and took part in the Valley Campaigns of 1864 under General Phillip Sheridan . As the war in the valley came to an end , the Rangers returned to their partisan role and were eventually effectively broken up in April 1865 when a detachment of Mosby ' s Rangers raided their camp at Castleman ' s Ferry and captured the better part of the command . The Rangers were officially mustered out of service the following month .
Singapore Armed Forces Long Service and Good Conduct ( 20 Years ) Medal The Singapore Armed Forces Long Service and Good Conduct ( 20 Years ) Medal is awarded to a member of the Singapore Armed Forces ( SAF ) ( regardless of regular or NSmen status ) who has completed 20 years of continuous service . A clasp is awarded for an additional 10 years of service , for a total of 30 years . Service medals . In the SAF , the medals for service are :
Yelwa massacre The so - called Yelwa massacre was actually a series of related incidents of mass violence between Muslims and Christians which took place in Yelwa , Nigeria between February and May 2004 killing over 700 people . The first incident in the series occurred on 4 February 2004 when armed Muslims attacked the Christians of Yelwa killing more than 78 Christians including at least 48 who were worshipping inside a church compound . According to some sources , the signal for the attack was a call for Jihad from the local mosque . The February killings inflamed tensions between the communities which had simmered since the 2001 Jos riots when conflict between Muslims and Christians resulted in 1 , 000 dead . On 2 May 2004 local Christians responded to the February incident by attacking Muslims in Yelwa resulting in roughly 630 dead . According to some sources , Muslim girls were forced to eat pork and other foods forbidden to Muslims and some were even raped . Background . Thousands of people have died in fighting since the passage of Sharia law in the Muslim dominated northern region after a return to civilian rule in 1999 . The origin of the conflict between the Christian Tarok and the Muslim Fulani is rooted in their competing claims over the fertile farmlands of Plateau State in central Nigeria .