naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alexai Point Army Airfield Alexai Point Army Airfield is an abandoned World War II airfield with two runways laid across Alexai Point on Attu Island , Alaska . The remains of the airbase are located about 4 miles east of the closed Casco Cove Coast Guard Station , directly across Massacre Bay . History . On the morning of 11 May 1943 , American forces went ashore on Japanese - occupied Attu in the Aleutian Islands . The Japanese , who knew the Americans were coming , had pulled back from their shoreline positions and moved to defensive positions on higher ground above the fog . On 30 May 1943 , before the battle for Attu was completely over , the building of Alexai Point Airfield was initiated using Marsden Matting to pave the runways . Navy Seabees also began construction of an airfield at Casco Cove for Naval Air units . Also , on 28 May , a small detachment of Alaskan Scouts began reconnaissance of Shemya , a small , flat , uninhabited island 35 miles to the east of Attu . The following day , Army Engineers came ashore on Shemya to begin construction of another , much longer runway suitable for bombers . The first landing at Alexai Point Airfield was made by an Eleventh Air Force C - 47 arriving on 8 June 1943 to deliver fighter crews to Alexai Point , and to evacuate wounded soldiers . Shorty afterwards , P - 40 Warhawks from the 344th Fighter Squadron arrived to provide air cover over the island . USAAF units assigned to Alexai Point Army Airfield were : Initially used for carrying out bombardment operations over Kiska Island during June and July 1943 . After the end of the Aleutian Islands Campaign in late August , Alexai Point and the new Shemya Army Airfield became forward bases for operations against the Kurile Islands of northern Japan . Alexai Point became home of very long - range ( VLR ) P - 38 Lightning squadrons , providing fighter escort for B - 24 Liberators bombers based at Shemya . By mid - July fighters from Alexai Point Airfield had made their first strike against Japan , a raid against the northern Kuril Islands . With the end of the war in 1945 , combat units were gradually withdrawn ; the 11th Weather Squadron and the 713th Air Warning Radar Squadron remained until June 1946 when the base was closed . The facility was abandoned , with most structures dismantled , the usable buildings being reassembled at Naval Air Station Attu . Today many revetments , roads , anti - aircraft gun emplacements and the remains of the runways and taxiways remain , abandoned for the past 60 years . Accidents and incidents . On 1 January 1945 2nd Lt . Robert L . Nesmith flying from Alexai Point , crashed his Lockheed P - 38G - 10 - LO Lightning in Temnac Valley , just west of Attu Station while on a low - level training mission over Attu . The aircraft was nominated to be added to the National Register of Historic Places but instead was recovered in 1999 and static - restored for display at Elmendorf AFB .
Hermann Castle Hermann Castle ( also Hermannsfeste , Herman Castle , Narva Castle , and Narva fortress ) ( ) is a castle in Narva , eastern Estonia . It was founded in 1256 by the Danes and the first stone castle was built in the beginning of the 14th century . The German Livonian Teutonic knights order purchased the castle on 29 August 1346 , and for most of its history the castle was German Teutonic . Medieval fortifications . Although the exact age of Narva Castle and the town cause still arguments between historians , they agree on the sequence of events . Firstly , in about the 13th century , the Danes , who had conquered Northern Estonia ( see Danish Estonia ) built a wooden border stronghold at the crossing of the Narva River and the old road . Under the protection of the stronghold , the earlier settlement developed into the town of Narva , which obtained the Lubeck town rights in the first half of the 14th century . Following several conflicts with the Russians , the Danes started building a stone stronghold at the beginning of the 14th century . It was a small castellum - like building with 40 - metre sides and a tower , a predecessor of the today ' s Herman Tower , at its north - western corner . At the beginning of the 14th century , a small forecourt was established at the north side of the stronghold and , in the middle of the century , a large forecourt was added to the west side , where citizens were allowed to hide in case of wars as the town of Narva was not surrounded by a wall during the Danish rule . In 1347 King Valdemar IV of Denmark sold Northern Estonia , including Narva , to the Livonian Order , who rebuilt the building into a convent building according to their needs . The stronghold has for the most part preserved the ground plan with its massive wings and a courtyard in the middle . The Herman Tower was also completed at the time of the Order , necessitated by the establishment of Ivangorod Castle by the Russians to the opposite side of the Narva River in 1492 . The Order surrounded the town with a wall , which unfortunately has not been preserved ( in 1777 there came an order to pull it down ) . On the basis of descriptions , we know that the wall had four gates : the Viru Gate in the west , the Herd ( Karja ) Gate in the north , the Old ( Vana ) Gate leading to the river port in the east and the Water ( Vee ) or Small ( Vaike ) Gate in the south . The gates were covered with iron plates and preceded by drawbridges . The town wall , with a length of about a kilometre , was fortified with at least seven towers . The town wall was surrounded by a moat . Towards the end of the Order ' s period , the town wall was supplemented , the gates were strengthened by adding foregates , and several medieval wall towers were adapted to use as special cannon towers or rondel s , two of which can be seen today in their reconstructed shape in the corners of the castle ' s western court .
Ingram Ball Ingram Ball ( 1752 – 18 March 1807 ) was British born and was an officer in the 33rd Regiment of Foot of the British army , reaching a rank of captain - lieutenant before resigning in 1780 . Ball arrived in Cape Breton , Canada in 1788 with his wife and children and became involved in the government of the time . He was appointed to the Executive Council in 1789 by Lieutenant Governor William Macarmick . After 1795 , Macarmick left the colony and Ball found himself in almost constant dispute with David Mathews , the new administrator . No legislative assembly was in place and governing was done by the Executive Council which Matthews controlled . He continued to have problems with succeeding administrations , ending up in jail at one point . Ball died near Sydney , Nova Scotia . He was the elder brother of Sir John Alexander Ball , Captain , ( later Admiral ) of HMS Alexander at the Battle of the Nile and who became the first British governor of Malta
Samuel Rhoads Fisher Samuel Rhoads Fisher was the secretary of the Navy of the Republic of Texas . He was born in Pennsylvania on December 31 , 1794 and settled in Texas in 1830 with his wife and four children as a member of Austin ' s Third Colony . He represented Matagorda Municipality in the Convention of 1836 at Washington - on - the - Brazos where he signed the Texas Declaration of Independence . President Sam Houston nominated Fisher as Secretary of the Texas Navy and the appointment was confirmed by the Senate on October 28 , 1836 . A letter to presidential candidate Mirabeau B . Lamar in August 1838 from George Wheelwright urged reconsideration of Fisher for Secretary for the good of the navy and defense of the Republic and Houston suspended Fisher from office in October 1837 , to secure " harmony and efficiency " . Many in the senate opposed the move and the Senate ordered Fisher ' s reinstatement on October 18 , 1837 . This event was a major incident in the early days of the Republic of Texas and added to the severe split between the various factions in the government . Sam Houston Dixon in " The Men Who Made Texas Free " wrote that " when Mr . Fisher died , Richard Ellis , who was president of the convention which declared Texas independent of Mexico , said from the floor of the Senate : ' In the death of Rhodes Fisher the Republic has lost one of its wisest defenders . He was a man of poise even midst times of stress and excitement . Well do some of us remember his cool and deliberate consideration of our acts at Old Washington , March , 1836 ; how his voice of caution rang out as men of zeal vied with one another in their precipitous rush to complete their labors of establishing a government and returning to their homes . So earnestly did he plead and so logical was his appeal that we were persuaded to follow his advice . . . There was nothing of the braggadocio about him and he did not lack courage to express his opinions . ' " Fisher died on March 14 , 1839 , and was buried at Matagorda . Fisher County , established in 1876 , was named after him .
Arethusa - class cruiser ( 1913 ) The " Arethusa " - class cruisers were a class of eight oil - fired light cruiser s of the Royal Navy all ordered in September 1912 , primarily for service in the North Sea . They had three funnels with the middle one somewhat larger in diameter than the others . All served in World War I . They were designed as follow on to the earlier scout cruiser s , to operate with destroyer s in the North Sea but incorporated improvements on the previous ships . They retained the side protection introduced in the later ships of the previous Town class , but reverted to a mixed main armament that was a feature of earlier ships . The ships of the class underwent modification during the war , receiving an additional pair of torpedo tubes and an upgraded anti aircraft armament , whilst all but HMS " Undaunted " were fitted to lay mines and five of the class had the aft pair of 4 inch guns replaced by a single 6 inch gun . They were found to be very cramped internally . In order to achieve the high speeds designed they were the first British cruisers with all oil propulsion and lightweight destroyer type machinery . The cruisers cost £285 , 000 each on average . Ships . " Galatea " , " Inconstant " , " Phaeton " and " Royalist " fought in the battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 .
Pyotr Gavrilov Pyotr Mikhaylovich Gavrilov ( ; 1900 – 1979 ) was a Soviet officer known as the hero of the Defense of Brest Fortress ( 1941 ) . Biography . He was an ethnic Keräşen Tatar . A major in command of the 44th Motor Rifle Regiment , he was taken captive by the Germans on July 23 , 1941 after holding out for 31 days . He was released after the end of the war . According to official Soviet data , after his release from captivity he was restored to the army in the same rank . His party membership was not restored due to the loss of his membership card and stay in captivity . He was the chief of camp for Japanese prisoners of war in Siberia in 1946 - 1947 . Afterward , he moved to Krasnodar . In 1956 he found again his first wife and adopted son , whom he had not seen since the first day of the war . After Sergey Smirnov ' s book The Brest Fortress ( « Брестская крепость » ) was published in 1956 , Gavrilov ' s party membership was reinstated . He was awarded the Order of Lenin and title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1957 . From 1968 until his death he lived in Krasnodar at the address Svetlaya street , 103 ( in 1980 the street was renamed Gavrilova ) . Pyotr M . Gavrilov died in Krasnodar , January 26 , 1979 . He was buried in Brest .
Battle of Beaugency ( 1429 ) The Battle of Beaugency took place on 16 and 17 June 1429 . It was one of Joan of Arc ' s battle s . Shortly after relieving the siege at Orléans , French forces recaptured the neighboring district along the Loire river . This campaign was the first sustained French offensive in a generation in the Hundred Years ' War . Background . Beaugency was a small town on the northern bank of the Loire river in central France . It controlled a bridge of strategic significance during the latter part of the war . Conquered by the English a few years earlier as a staging point for a planned invasion of southern France , the French attack recaptured the bridge and the town , providing a vital supply conduit for the summer offensive in the north and the coronation of King Charles VII of France . The French Loire campaign of 1429 consisted of five actions : Virtually all of France north of the Loire had fallen to foreign occupation by the end of 1428 . The bridge at Orléans had been destroyed shortly before the siege lifted . The French had lost control of all other river crossings . Three swift and numerically small battles at Jargeau , Meung - sur - Loire , and Beaugency demonstrated renewed French confidence and laid the groundwork for subsequent French offenses on Rheims and Paris . The Loire campaign killed , captured , or disgraced a majority of the top tier of English commanders and decimated the numbers of the highly skilled English longbow men . French recruitment swelled following the victory at Orléans . During the assault on Beaugency one volunteer caused a particular stir among the French command . Constable Arthur de Richemont , who had been in disgrace at court for two years , appeared with a force of 1000 men and offered his services . At the risk of royal disfavor Joan of Arc accepted this aid . Tactics . Joan of Arc and Duke John II of Alençon controlled a force that included the captains Jean d ' Orléans , Gilles de Rais , Jean Poton de Xaintrailles , and La Hire . John Talbot , 1st Earl of Shrewsbury led the English defence . Breaking with the then pevalent form of siege warfare , the French army followed the capture of the bridge at Meung - sur - Loire on the 15 June , not with an attack on that town or its castle but with an assault on neighbouring Beaugency the next day . Unlike Meung - sur - Loire , the main stronghold at Beaugency was inside the city walls . It survives to the modern age and forms an imposing rectangular citadel . During the first day of fighting the English abandoned the town and retreated into the castle . The French bombarded the castle with artillery fire . That evening de Richemont and his force arrived . Hearing news of an English relief force approaching from Paris under Sir John Fastolf , d ' Alençon negotiated the English surrender and granted them safe conduct out of Beaugency . The Battle of Patay followed on open territory on 18 June .
Charles Frederick Crisp Charles Frederick Crisp ( January 29 , 1845 – October 23 , 1896 ) was a United States political figure . A Democrat , he was elected as a Congressman from Georgia in 1882 , and served until his death in 1896 . From 1890 until his death , he was leader of the Democratic Party in the House , as either the House Minority Leader or the Speaker of the House . He was also the father of Charles R . Crisp who also served in Congress . Biography . Crisp was born in Sheffield , England , January 29 , 1845 . Later in that year , his parents immigrated to the United States and settled in Georgia where he attended the common schools of Savannah and Macon , Georgia . At the outbreak of the American Civil War , he was temporarily residing in Luray , Virginia , with his parents , who were in the middle of a Shakespearean play tour . He enlisted in a local unit , the " Page Volunteers " of Company K , 10th Virginia Infantry , and was commissioned lieutenant . He served with that regiment until May 12 , 1864 , when he became a prisoner of war at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House . He was held as one of the Immortal Six Hundred at Fort Pulaski , Georgia , and later transferred to Fort Delaware . After his release in June 1865 , he joined his parents at Ellaville , Georgia . Crisp studied law at Americus , Georgia . He was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Ellaville . He was appointed solicitor general of the southwestern judicial circuit in 1872 and reappointed in 1873 for a term of four years . Later , he was appointed judge of the superior court of the same circuit in June 1877 . Crisp was elected by the general assembly to the same office in 1878 and reelected judge for a term of four years in 1880 when resigned that office in September 1882 to accept the Democratic nomination for Congress . Crisp served as president of the Democratic gubernatorial convention at Atlanta , Georgia , in April 1883 . he was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - eighth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4 , 1883 , until his death . In Congress , he served as chairman of the Committee on Elections in the ( Fiftieth Congress ) , Committee on Rules in the Fifty - second and Fifty - third Congresses , and Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Fifty - second and Fifty - third Congresses . He had been nominated for United States Senator in the Georgia primary of 1896 , but he died in Atlanta on October 23 , 1896 , and was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery in his hometown of Americus . Georgia ' s Crisp County is named in his honor .
JDS Oyashio ( SS - 511 ) " Oyashio " ( SS - 511 ) was a submarine of the Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force , named after the Oyashio Current , a cold current that comes down through the Bering Strait . Development . Following the loan of the as an underwater target in 1955 , the Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force proposed the construction of three new classes of submarine , of 250 , 500 and 1000 tons . In the end only the third of these classes was built , and the final weight grew to 1140 tons . Having had a vast submarine fleet before and during World War II , the Japanese had built no subs for over ten years , so JDS " Oyashio " was based on the wartime Imperial Japanese Navy " I - 201 " with some US innovations . Laid down on 25 December 1957 , and launched on 25 May 1959 , " Oyashio " was commissioned on 30 June 1960 . Service history . On 1 August 1962 " Oyashio " was assigned to Subron 1 , Kure district . In June – August 1963 she visited Pearl Harbor . Assigned to Subron 2 , Submarine Flotilla 1 on 1 February 1965 . Assigned to Submarine Flotilla 1 on 31 March 1975 . " Oyashio " was finally decommissioned on 30 September 1976 .
BL 7 . 2 - inch howitzer The BL 7 . 2 - inch howitzer Mk . I and subsequent marks were a series of heavy artillery pieces designed by the United Kingdom at the start of World War II . Background . The 7 . 2 - inch ( 183 mm ) was not a new design , but instead a re - lined version of the 8 - inch ( 203 mm ) howitzer s dating from World War I . The carriage was a modernized version of that used on both the 8 - inch howitzer and World War I , 6 - inch gun . The weapons were a stop - gap measure to meet the urgent need for heavy artillery faced by the Allies early in World War II . History . They managed to perform relatively well and were kept in service by the British until the end of the war , in their AGRA Units as parts of " Heavy " regiments to provide heavy fire support for British and Commonwealth troops . In action , each gun would be served by a crew of 10 men except for the Mark 6 versions , which required 12 . The BL 7 . 2 howitzer was unique , in that it was one of the few artillery pieces used by any side throughout World War II that relied on a triple mechanism of conventional hydraulic recoil tubes ; brakes on the wheels ; and wheel recoil ramps , to dampen the enormous recoil pressures when fired . Other artillery pieces still using this recoil mechanism were outdated leftovers from World War I . Operators . " See : " 7 . 2 - Inch Howitzer " . British Artillery in World War 2 . "
Brazilian corvette Barroso ( V34 ) Cv " Barroso " ( V34 ) is a corvette of the Brazilian Navy , and the lead ship of its class . The fifth Brazilian warship to be named after Admiral Francisco Manoel Barroso da Silva , " Barroso " was launched on 20 December 2002 and commissioned on 19 August 2008 . A sister ship will be constructed and sold to Equatorial Guinea .
Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff The Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff is a senior British military officer who reports to the Vice - Chief of the Defence Staff . Early Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff . These were : " Note : " This single " Deputy Chief " role was redesignated Vice - Chief of the Defence Staff after 1964 . Current arrangements . There are currently three people with the post of Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( DCDS ) at any one time . These are : Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff ( Operations ) . These were : < br > Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Commitments ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Operations ) Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff ( Personnel and Training ) . These were : < br > Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Programmes and Personnel ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Personnel ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Personnel and Training ) Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff ( Capability ) . These were : < br > Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Operational Requirements ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Systems ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Equipment Capability ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Systems ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Equipment Capability ) Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Capability ) Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff ( Intelligence ) 1964 - 1986 . See Defence Intelligence
Battle of Stanwick The Battle of Stanwick was a conflict that took place in 71 , near Stanwick , ( England ) , between the Roman army and the Brigantes , in which the Romans defeated the Brigantes . Doubt has been expressed about this battle , and there is no evidence of any battle of significance having been fought at this site despite several archaeological investigations .
Timothy M . Kennedy ( general ) Timothy M . Kennedy is a retired Brigadier General in the National Guard of the United States and former Assistant Adjutant General of Operations of the Minnesota Army National Guard . Career . Kennedy first enlisted in the National Guard in 1970 . He was commissioned an officer in 1979 . Awards he has received include the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Achievement Medal , the Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal with one silver oak leaf cluster and two bronze oak leaf clusters , the National Defense Service Medal , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with gold hourglass device , and the Army Service Ribbon .
Żyrafa Group The Żyrafa Group ( Polish : " Zgrupowanie Żyrafa " ( i . e . " Giraffe Group " ) ) was a group of military units of Armia Krajowa , which fought during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 in the Sub district II of Żoliborz ( of Armia Krajowa ) , which included the Żoliborz district of Warsaw . Composition and command . Commander - sec . lieutenant Ryszard Wołczyński pseudonym " Tatar " , Course of combat in the Warsaw Uprising 1944 . The group fought in Aleje Wojska Polskiego , in Stołeczna street , in Plac Henkla , in the Monastery of Zmartwychwstanki Sisters ( the so - called " Zmartwychwstanki Fortress " ) in Krasińskiego street , where savage and bloody fights were waged . In the crossing of Krasińkiego and Stołeczna streets there was an access hatch into the sewer , by which communication with the Old Town was kept . Among others , Rajmund Kazimierz Łaszczyński fought in the group .