naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
21 cm Mörser 18 The 21 cm Mörser 18 ( heavy howitzer ) ( 21 cm Mrs 18 ) was a German heavy howitzer used in the Second World War by independent artillery battalion s and batteries . A number were also used by coast defense artillery units . Design & History . The Mrs 18 was designed to replace the obsolescent World War I - era 21 cm Mrs 16 . While the gun design itself was nothing innovative , the same cannot be said for the carriage . It was one of the first weapons , if not the first in quantity production , that used the interesting dual - recoil system . The barrel recoiled normally in its cradle , but , in addition , the whole top carriage , which carried the barrel and its cradle , recoiled across the main part of the carriage . This system damped out the recoil forces and made for a very steady firing platform . This carriage was also used for the 17 cm Kanone 18 in Mörserlafette and the 15 cm Schnelladekanone C / 28 in Mörserlafette . The Mrs 18 was an enormous weapon that was transported in two pieces , as was common for such large weapons . For travel the barrel was slid on to a separate trailer . The carriage carried an integral firing platform that was lowered to the ground when emplacing the howitzer . The wheels were then cranked up off the ground and it was now ready for firing . A rear castor - wheel jack was used to raise the rear spade off the ground if the gun needed to be traversed more than the 16° allowed by the mount proper . The Mrs 18 entered production at a low rate in 1939 shortly before the war began . The Germans cancelled production in 1942 in lieu of its smaller brother , the 17 cm Kanone 18 in Mörserlafette , which could fire almost twice as far , but resumed production in 1943 .
People ' s Revolutionary Army ( Colombia ) The People ' s Revolutionary Army ( ERP ) was a small marxist guerrilla organization in Colombia . The group originated in the municipality of Venadillo , Tolima Department in c . 1985 as a splinter group of the National Liberation Army and was commanded by its founder Édgar Castellanos , aka " Gonzalo " until his death in January 2007 . The group became a military objective of the larger guerrilla Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia whom declared the group as an enemy and was persecuted by paramilitary . The Colombian government wanted the group for rebellion , kidnappings and extortion crimes . It operated mostly in the vicinity of the city of Ibagué capital of the Tolima Department and in the mountainous area of the Montes de María in the Colombian Caribbean region , between the departments of Sucre and Bolívar which demobilized in June , 2007 . The ERP lost its marxist political background with the years and concentrated on criminal practices such as kidnappings and extortion and went down on the number of members to end up with 14 guerrillas which demobilized on September 15 , 2007 .
George Cooper ( British Army officer ) General Sir George Leslie Conroy Cooper GCB MC DL ( born 10 August 1925 ) is a former Adjutant - General to the Forces . Military career . Educated at Downside School and Trinity College , Cambridge , George Cooper was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1945 . He joined the Bengal Sappers & Miners . He served in the Korean War and was awarded the Military Cross for his service in that campaign . He went on to command 19 Airportable Brigade from 1969 to 1971 . He was General Officer Commanding South West District from 1974 to 1975 and General Officer Commanding South East District from 1979 to 1981 . He was Adjutant General from 1981 to 1984 when retired from the British Army . He was also appointed ADC General to the Queen in 1982 retaining that status until 1984 . He was awarded the KCB in 1979 and the GCB in 1984 . Retirement . In retirement he became a member of the Board of Management of GEC UK . He also became a Deputy Lieutenant of Essex . Family . In 1957 he married Cynthia Mary Hume and together they went on to have one son and one daughter . References .
USS Bell ( DD - 587 ) USS " Bell " ( DD - 587 ) was a " Fletcher " - class destroyer of the United States Navy , the second Navy ship named for Rear Admiral Henry H . Bell ( 1808 – 1868 ) . " Bell " was launched 24 June 1942 by Charleston Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . Clea Cooke Hulse , great - grandniece of Admiral Bell ; and commissioned 4 March 1943 , Commander L . C . Peatross in command . Service history . Until November 1943 " Bell " operated on patrol and escort in the North Atlantic , making one voyage to Britain in August . She got underway for the Pacific 6 November and arrived at Pearl Harbor 27 November . " Bell " then joined Task Force 58 ( TF 58 ) for strikes on Kavieng , New Ireland , ( 25 December 1943 , 1 and 4 January 1944 ) ; the invasion of Kwajalein , Marshall Islands , ( 29 January – 2 February ) ; Truk strike ( 17 – 18 February ) ; Marianas raid ( 21 – 22 February ) , Carolines strike ( 30 March – 1 April ) , Hollandia landings ( 21 – 24 April ) ; Saipan invasion , ( 12 – 24 June ) ; 1st Bonins raid ( 15 – 16 June ) ; Battle of the Philippine Sea ( 19 – 20 June ) ; 2nd Bonins raid ( 24 June ) ; 3rd Bonins raid ( 3 – 4 July ) ; Guam invasion ( 21 July ) ; Western Carolines raids ( 25 – 28 July ) ; 4th Bonins raid ( 4 – 5 August ) ; Palau raids ( 6 – 8 September ) ; Philippine Islands raids ( 9 – 24 September ) ; Okinawa raid ( 10 October ) ; and with TF 38 in the Formosa raids ( 12 – 17 October ) . " Bell " formed part of the escort of and from off Formosa to Ulithi ( 15 – 29 October ) . She then rejoined the 3rd Fleet for strikes against Luzon ( 5 November – 16 December ) and the invasion of Lingayen Gulf , Luzon ( 4 – 18 January 1945 ) . During the late evening of 31 January 1945 while in 13°20 ' N . , 119°20 ' E . , she joined and in sinking . " Bell " returned to Puget Sound Navy Yard for repairs , arriving 27 February . She departed the west coast 22 April and arrived at Leyte 29 May . From there she steamed to the Brunei Bay ( 7 – 10 June ) and Balikpapan , Borneo , ( 1 – 3 July ) landings . " Bell " patrolled and escorted convoys in the Philippines until the end of the war and then served on occupation duty at Okinawa , China , and Korea until 14 December 1945 when she left for San Francisco , arriving 4 January 1946 . " Bell " was placed out of commission in reserve 14 June 1946 , and joined the San Diego Group , Pacific Reserve Fleet . She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 1 November 1972 , and sunk as target 11 May 1975 . Awards . " Bell " received twelve battle star s for her participation in World War II .
Harold O . Messerschmidt Harold O . Messerschmidt ( 1923 – September 17 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Messerschmidt joined the Army from Chester , Pennsylvania in May 1943 , and by September 17 , 1944 was serving as a Sergeant in Company L , 30th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division . During a German attack on that day , near Radden , France , he led and encouraged his men until everyone in his unit had been killed or wounded . Ignoring his own wounds , he continued to fight the enemy force alone in hand to hand combat until he was killed . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor ten months later , on July 17 , 1946 . Messerschmidt , aged 20 or 21 at his death , was buried in Christ Lutheran Church Cemetery , Barnesville , Pennsylvania . Medal of Honor citation . Sergeant Messerschmidt ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty . Braving machinegun , machine pistol , and rifle fire , he moved fearlessly and calmly from man to man along his 40 - yard squad front , encouraging each to hold against the overwhelming assault of a fanatical foe surging up the hillside . Knocked to the ground by a burst from an enemy automatic weapon , he immediately jumped to his feet , and ignoring his grave wounds , fired his submachine gun at the enemy that was now upon them , killing 5 and wounding many others before his ammunition was spent . Virtually surrounded by a frenzied foe and all of his squad now casualties , he elected to fight alone , using his empty submachine gun as a bludgeon against his assailants . Spotting 1 of the enemy about to kill a wounded comrade , he felled the German with a blow of his weapon . Seeing friendly reinforcements running up the hill , he continued furiously to wield his empty gun against the foe in a new attack , and it was thus that he made the supreme sacrifice . Sgt . Messerschmidt ' s sustained heroism in hand - to - hand combat with superior enemy forces was in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service .
HMS H30 HMS " H30 " was a British H class submarine built by Vickers Limited , Barrow - in - Furness . She was laid down on 18 March 1917 and was commissioned on 19 October 1918 . " H30 " was sold in Newport on 30 August 1935 .
Giritli Sırrı Pasha Giritli Sırrı Pasha ( Sırrı Pasha the Cretan ) was a 19th - century Ottoman administrator and man of letters of Turkish Cretan origin . He was born in 1844 in Kandiye , Crete , Ottoman Empire as the son of Helvacızade Salih Tosun Efendi . He started out as a clerk in the local Ottoman bureaucracy in Crete and later came to İstanbul , pursuing an education with a particular religious emphasis . Climbing through the hierarchy , he served as governor of Trabzon , Kastamonu , Ankara , Sivas and Baghdad , and was noted as a successful administrator . He published his writings of a personal and political nature under the title " Letters of Sırrı Paşa " ( " Mektubat - ı Sırrı Paşa " ) . Yet another collection is his commentaries ( tefsir ) of various verses of the Koran , united under the titles " Sırr - ı Kur ' an " ( the secret of Koran ) , " Sırr - ı insan " , " Sırr - ı Tenzil " , " Sırr - ı Meryem " and " Ahsenü ' l - Kasas " . The last one in particular , on the theme of the stories of Joseph and Jacob , remains a work of reference in Turkish literature . Sırrı Pasha married the poet and composer Leyla Saz , and was the father of Vedat Tek , a groundbreaking figure of Turkish architecture . He died at a relatively early age in 1895 .
Osborn Barracks Osborn Barracks ( Chinese : 奧士本軍營 , now known as 九龍東軍營 , lit . " Kowloon East Barracks " ) was a British Army facility in Hong Kong . Located in the northern part of Kowloon on Waterloo Road and Junction Road ( across the street from Hong Kong Baptist University . The military facility was it was named for Company Sergeant Major John Robert Osborn of the Winnipeg Grenadiers Osborn was a Canadian who died defending Hong Kong in 1941 . He was awarded the Victoria Cross and a barracks in Hong Kong was named in his honour in 1945 after the liberation . Osborn is memorialised at Sai Wan War Cemetery and with a statue in Hong Kong Park on Hong Kong Island . Part of the land of the Osborn Barracks ( the east of Renfrew Road ) was given to Hong Kong Baptist University for new campus development in early 1990s . However , the government refused to give the remaining land to the university . After the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong the Osborn Barracks are used by the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army in Hong Kong . The facility is criticized for blocking the way from Kowloon Tong Station to the area of Renfrew Road , causing inconvenience to the students from HKBU as well as IVE Lee Wai Lee Campus .
USS Rose ( 1863 ) USS " Rose " ( 1863 ) was a screw steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a tugboat and ammunition ship in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . Commissioned in New York City as a tugboat in 1864 . The wooden screw steamer " Ai Fitch " was purchased by the Navy on 12 December 1863 from Laurence Fitch , New York City ; fitted out for service as a tug ; and commissioned on 8 February 1864 , Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Pennington in command . Civil War service . Supporting McClellan ’ s Peninsula Campaign . Ordered to New Orleans , Louisiana , to join the West Gulf Blockading Squadron , she departed New York City soon after commissioning and proceeded to Hampton Roads , Virginia , where she was detained to support General George B . McClellan ' s army during the Peninsular Campaign . On 5 May she got underway to tow the monitor up the James River to support Union Army forces converging on Petersburg , Virginia . Remaining on the river well into June , she performed towing duties , tender services , and carried ammunition and powder up from City Point , Virginia . On the 24th she returned to Hampton Roads and prepared to resume her cruise to the Gulf of Mexico . Reassigned to the Gulf of Mexico . " Rose " departed Hampton Roads on 26 July and arrived in Mississippi Sound on 5 August . After receiving a second gun , a heavy 12 - pounder , she proceeded to Mobile Bay where she remained into September . She then shifted back to Mississippi Sound where she added patrol duty to her other duties . In December she captured a small vessel laden with turpentine . In late February 1865 , " Rose " steamed to New Orleans , Louisiana ; repaired ; and in mid - April returned to Mobile , Alabama , to assist in clearing channels in the bay . She remained in the Mobile area performing tug service into the fall , then shifted to Pensacola , Florida , where , being retained for service after the Civil War , she was assigned to the navy yard . Post - war decommissioning and sale . " Rose " was struck from the Navy list on 3 March 1883 and sold on 20 September 1883 .
USS McKee ( DD - 87 ) USS " McKee " ( DD – 87 ) was a " Wickes " class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I . She was the second ship named for Hugh W . McKee . She was laid down 29 October 1917 by Union Iron Works , San Francisco , California , launched 23 March 1918 , sponsored by Mrs . J . Tynan , and commissioned 7 September 1918 , Lieutenant Commander W . H . Lee in command . Service history . Following a west coast shakedown , " McKee " sailed from Mare Island 13 September 1918 , transited the Panama Canal the 27th , and reported for duty with Destroyer Flotilla 5 at New York 2 October . In this late phase of World War I , short coastal sailings preceded her departure from Hampton Roads 28 October as a convoy escort . Upon her arrival in the Azores 5 November she was assigned to a returning convoy and entered New York Harbor 2 December . Early in 1919 she steamed to Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , for fleet exercises from 26 January to 4 April . A number of voyages from Key West , Florida , to Halifax , Nova Scotia , kept her crew well trained prior to her reporting Portsmouth , New Hampshire , 13 December to be placed in reduced commission . From July 1921 , " McKee " based first at Newport , Rhode Island , then at Charleston , South Carolina , and in the aftermath of the Washington Disarmament Conference proceeded to Philadelphia in April 1922 . Decommissioning 16 June 1922 , she was struck from the Navy list 7 January 1936 and sold to Boston Iron & Metal Company , Inc . , Baltimore , Maryland , for scrapping .
Military operation Military operation is the coordinated military actions of a state in response to a developing situation . These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state ' s favor . Operations may be of combat or non - combat types , and are referred to by a code name for the purpose of security . Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives . Types of military operations . Military operations can be classified by the scale and scope of force employment , and their impact on the wider conflict . The scope of military operations can be : Operational level of war . The operational level of war occupies roughly the middle ground between the campaign ' s strategic focus and the tactics of an engagement . It describes " a distinct intermediate level of war between military strategy , governing war in general , and tactics , involving individual battles " . For example , during World War II the concept applied to use of Soviet Tank Armies .
Charles Hickey Charles Robert Reeves Hickey DFC & Bar ( 10 September 1897 – 3 October 1918 ) was a Canadian First World War flying ace , officially credited with 21 victories . Text of citations . Distinguished Flying Cross . " Lt . Charles Robert Reeves Hickey . Has been engaged in numerous air battles with marked success during a period of twelve months . On a recent occasion he flew to the assistance of one of our machines which was being pressed by two enemy machines and succeeded in destroying one of them . " Distinguished Flying Cross - Bar . " Lieut . ( T . / Capt . ) Charles Robert Reeves Hickey , D . F . C . , Sea Patrol ( Can . Mtd . Rif . ) . A very determined air fighter who has destroyed seven enemy machines and brought down nine completely out of control during the past three months . His skill and initiative as a flight commander have made his flight very successful . Last month he destroyed two machines and brought down two more out of control in one day , and the remainder of his flight , at the same time succeeded in disposing of several more enemy aircraft without sustaining any casualties . "
Cadet Training Centre , Frimley Park The Cadet Training Centre ( CTC ) , Frimley Park is the Home of the Combined Cadet Force ( CCF ) and the Army Cadet Force ( ACF ) . Training of all CCF and ACF officers occurs here , as well as much training of cadets including the Cadet Leadership Course ( for CCF and ACF ) , and the Master Cadet Course ( run for the ACF ) . Frimley ' s Aim is : History . The House was privately owned ever since the Doomsday Survey , until around the time of the War , when it was passed on the Army to be used as a maternity Hospital . Over 100 babies have been delivered in Marlborough Hall . The House has changed hands within the Army several times , having been used by the Officers ' Association , and the WRAC before it was handed over for use as a training College for the Cadet Forces in 1957 , opening for its first course in 1959 . The College has remained with the Cadet Forces ever since . Location . CTC Frimley Park is located on a large site immediately to the South West of Frimley Park Hospital , situated near Junction 4 of the M3 . near Camberley . Courses . The CTC Frimely Park is used primarily for the training of the cadet forces through courses . These include : " Note : The CTC also hosts the ACF Champion Cadet Competition . "
German submarine U - 169 German submarine " U - 169 " was a Type IXC / 40 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 15 May 1941 by the " Deutsche Schiff - und Maschinenbau AG " in Bremen as ' werk ' 708 . She was launched on 6 June 1942 and commissioned on 16 November with " Oberleutnant " Hermann Bauer in command . The U - boat ' s service began with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla . She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 March 1943 for operations . She was sunk on 27 March 1943 by a British B - 17 Flying Fortress of No . 206 Squadron RAF .
Cedric Delves Lieutenant General Sir Cedric Norman George Delves KBE DSO ( born 1947 ) is a former British Army general . Early life . Delves was born in 1947 and educated at Woolverstone Hall School . Military career . Delves was commissioned into the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment in 1968 . Having been promoted to Captain he undertook tours in Northern Ireland for which he was Mentioned in Despatches in 1979 and again in 1981 . Major Cedric Delves distinguished himself on 21 April 1982 when , as Officer Commanding D Squadron 22 SAS , he captured Grytviken on South Georgia without a single loss of life , on 15 May 1982 when his squadron destroyed eleven Argentine aircraft at Pebble Island , on 21 May 1982 when he led a deceptive raid on Darwin , and again on 31 May 1982 at Mount Kent in the Falkland Islands where he took his squadron 40 miles behind enemy lines and secured a firm hold on the area allowing conventional forces to be brought in . He was Commanding Officer of 22 SAS in 1988 when British Special Forces carried out the " Death on the Rock " operation which resulted in the death of three IRA bombers in Gibraltar . In 1993 he was appointed Director Special Forces and by December 1995 , as a Brigadier , he was leading Special Operations in Bosnia as Commander of the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force ( CJSOTF ) , a component of the Implementation Force ( IFOR ) . He was made General Officer Commanding 3rd ( UK ) Division in 1996 in which role he was deployed to Bosnia in January 1998 as Commander of Multi - National Division ( South - West ) . By 1999 he was Chief of Joint Forces Operational Readiness and Training . He became Deputy Commander - in - Chief at Land Command ( subsequently retitled ' Commander Field Army ' ) in the rank of Lieutenant General in December 2000 . This was just prior to the Invasion of Iraq and went on to be Deputy Commander at NATO HQ Allied Forces North at Brunssum in September 2003 . In December 2003 he lost a leg when he was crushed against a wall by a drunk driver in Maastricht in the Netherlands and was subsequently discharged from the British Army . Later life . In retirement , Delves became a Director of " Olive Group " , a security business . He became Lieutenant of the Tower of London in March 2007 . He was succeeded by Lieutenant - General Peter Pearson on 4 May 2010 . Honours and decorations . Delves was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) on 11 October 1982 " in recognition of distinguished service during the operations in the South Atlantic " , appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in June 1990 and promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE ) in June 2003 . Family . He is married to Suzy . References .
Commandant Royal Observer Corps The Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps ( CROC ) was the Royal Air Force commander of the Royal Observer Corps . All the holders of the post were RAF officers in the rank of Air Commodore , initially retired reserve officers then Auxiliary officers and , since the end of World War II , serving officers . The ROC was a uniformed civilian branch initially under the control of the Air Defence of Great Britain organization , then Fighter Command and latterly Strike Command . The Royal Observer Corps existed from 1925 until it was stood down in 1995 . Most of the commandants , with only three exceptions , were qualified RAF pilots , two being air navigators and the other a General Duties ( Ground ) Supply Branch officer . If a Royal Observer Corps officer had ever held the appointment , he would have held the rank of " Observer Commodore " . The origins of the ROC go back to Metropolitan Observation Service of World War I which was founded by Air Vice Marshal Edward Ashmore . However , Ashmore never held the post of ROC Commandant . The first two commandants were recently retired RAF Air Commodores , the next two were Auxiliary Air Force officers and the remainder were serving RAF officers . The last three commandants held the appointment in addition to their primary appointment as Senior Air Staff Officer ( SASO ) at Headquarters No . 11 / 18 Group RAF , which was colocated with HQROC at RAF Bentley Priory . The organisation had started as the volunteer civilian Observer Corps in 1925 and became the uniformed Royal Observer Corps in 1941 as part of the RAF in recognition of their invaluable services during the Battle of Britain . Despite several attempts by the Home Office in the 1950s , 1960s and the 1980s to take over the organisation and dispense with the RAF uniform the ROC remained part of RAF Fighter Command and later RAF Strike Command until they were stood down in 1995 as a result of the Communist Bloc breaking up and the Cold War nuclear threat on the UK being removed .