naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Silin Vyacheslav Ivanovich Silin ( 1907 — 1975 ) was a leading Russian weapons engineer in the Soviet Union . Biography . Silin was born in Tula on February 22 , 1907 . In 1919 , he began working at the Tula Arms Plant . His work was halted while he served in the Red Army from 1931 - 1932 , but throughout the rest of his life he was a leading figure in the engineering and construction of military technology for the Soviet Union . He was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1939 and the Lenin Prize in 1967 . He died on November 20 , 1975 . Technology produced . Silin produced a number of important weapons for the USSR , both through his own engineering work and under his direction . Working at the Central Bureau for the Construction and Research of Recreational and Hunting Weapons in Tula , he was tasked with developing antitank grenade launchers and was directly involved in the creation of the main weapons for the BMP - 1 and BMD - 2A28 gun . In 1935 , his involvement with the project led to the development of the 7 . 62 mm rapid - fire aircraft machine gun Sibemas ( VI Silin , M . E . Berezin , P . Morozenko ) with a rate of fire of 6 , 000 rounds . / min . He was also responsible for the development of the 7 . 62 mm rapid - fire aircraft machine gun Sibemas ( VI Silin , ME Berezin , P . Morozenko ) with a rate of fire of 6 , 000 rds / min . , which also features revolving scheme automation . Work on the design of such weapons was halted in the late 1940s , due to shortcomings in the design . In 1939 Silin participated in a competition to create a 7 . 62 - mm machine gun . He developed the TCB - 67 machine gun , which successfully passed field testing . Silin participated in the design of the VYa - 23 and B - 20 air cannons . In the late 40s - early 50s VI Silin developed the TKB - 440 tank gun , equipped with a 7 . 62 - mm rifle cartridge , as well as the TKB - 458M with a 7 , 62 mm cartridge arr . 1943 In the 1950s . Silin were tested on a revolving scheme , 23 - mm cannon TKB - 505 and 30 - mm gun TKB - 515 . As chief designer at the Central Bureau in Tula from 1960 until his death , Silin spearheaded the development of anti - tank grenade launchers . In 1960 - 1963 . he , together with AT Alekseev developed the SPG - 9 73 - mm heavy machine grenade launcher , which is significantly faster than the best modern foreign models of similar value . In 1961 - 1966 , Silin , together with VI Zaitsev , NS Pasenko and VI Volkov , developed a brand new 73 - mm smoothbore semi - 2A28 gun . For his work , Silin was awarded the Order of Lenin , the Order of the Patriotic War II degree , and two Orders of Red Banner of Labour .
Augustus Spencer General The Hon . Sir Augustus Almeric Spencer GCB ( 25 March 1807 - 28 August 1893 ) was a British Army officer . Military career . Born the third son of Francis Spencer , 1st Baron Churchill , Spencer was commissioned into the 43rd Light Infantry in 1825 . He was given command of the 44th Regiment of Foot in 1845 and led that regiment at the Battle of Alma , at the Battle of Inkerman and at the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War . He became commander of a brigade at Aldershot in 1856 , General Officer Commanding a division of the Madras Army in 1860 and General Officer Commanding Western District in the UK in 1866 . He went on to be Commander - in - Chief of the Bombay Army in 1869 before retiring in 1875 . Family . In 1836 he married Helen Maria Campbell ; they had two daughters and a son .
Battle of Ros - Mhic - Thriúin The Battle of Ros Mhic Thriúin took place in 1394 near New Ross , County Wexford , Ireland . It pitted the Norman Lordship of Ireland against the Kingdom of Leinster . The forces of Leinster were led by King Art Mór Mac Murchadha Caomhánach , and they were victorious .
XIX Corps ( United States ) XIX Corps was constituted as the III Armored Corps at Camp Polk , Louisiana on 7 July 1942 under the command of Major General Willis D . Crittenberger . It was activated on 20 August the same year at Camp Polk . It was retitled as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , XIX Corps , on 10 October 1943 . It fought as part of the First and Ninth U . S . Armies in the Normandy , Northern France , Rhineland , and Central Europe campaigns of World War II . Disbanded on 5 September 1945 in France , it was reconstituted on 12 July 1950 in the Army of the United States . It was allotted to the Regular Army in October 1959 and activated on 1 November that year at Fort Chaffee , Arkansas . It was inactivated on 1 April 1968 at Fort Chaffee .
Albert Levy ( soldier ) Albert " Yank " Levy ( 5 October 1897 – 9 February 1965 ) was a soldier , military instructor and author of a manual on guerrilla warfare . He served with irregular forces in several parts of the world in the 1920s and 1930s and was a significant figure at the Osterley Park training school for the British Home Guard during World War II . Background . Levy was born in Hamilton , Ontario ; but his family moved to Cleveland , Ohio when he was just three months old . He grew up on the streets and claimed that his " " real education was in the school of hardknocks " " . In 1916 he joined the Merchant Navy working as a deck hand . Military career . From 1918 to 1919 Levy served with the 39th Battalion , Royal Fusiliers ( part of the Jewish Legion ) in Palestine and Transjordan . In 1920 - 21 he was , in his own ( attributed ) words " " mixed up in Mexico " " towards the end of the revolution there . Subsequently he was involved in gun - running in Nicaragua , where he served under General Sandino . Perhaps his most significant military experience was in Spain during the civil war of 1936 - 39 . He served with the International Brigade as an officer in the Saklatava Battalion , under Tom Wintringham , from 1937 . He was captured at the Battle of Jarama and spent six months in a Francoist gaol until he was released in a prisoner exchange . Even after all that , he still had to be prevented by friends from re - enlisting and returning to the fray . In 1940 , with the outbreak of World War II he tried to enlist with the Canadian army , but was refused on medical grounds . Lecturing career . Following this refusal , Levy worked his passage to Britain . There he rejoined Wintringham and was involved in establishing the private training school for Home Guard volunteers at Osterley Park . It was whilst lecturing there that Wintringham helped Levy write his book " Guerrilla Warfare " as a practical manual . This was published in mass market paperback in Britain and the U . S . and ran to several editions . Levy advocated guerrilla warfare as a democratic means of combatting fascism , frequently attacking the military establishment who overlooked the lessons born of such commanders as Lawrence of Arabia and their experience in irregular war . He also recounts some of his adventures as a guerrilla , such as the time he and his companions trapped cats ' tails in mouse traps as a means of distracting sentries . Subsequently he returned to lecture in America as an advance party when Wintringham was invited to start an Osterley style school in San Bernardino . The school was abandoned when the two local Home Guard commanders shot each other during an argument . Levy gave a successful US lecture tour and had his face pictured on the cover of Life Magazine proclaiming him to be an : " Ace Guerrilla " . before returning to the UK to form part of Wintringham ' s occasional ' flying squads ' - mobile training units which toured provincial Home Guard units in temporary , often unofficial , training camps .
USS Diana ( 1862 ) USS " Diana " ( 1862 ) was a captured Confederate steamer acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War . She was put into service by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Unfortunately for the Union Navy , she was again recaptured by the Confederate Navy . Captured by the Union Navy and turned over to the Union Army . " Diana " , a side wheel merchant steamer , was captured by the Union Navy 27 April 1862 at New Orleans , Louisiana , and turned over on 7 May to General B . Butler , the Union Army commander of that area . She was employed by the Union Army mainly as a transport until November 1962 when she was returned for naval service , Acting Master Weeks in command . " Diana ’ s " short career with the Union Navy . During her short naval career she assisted in the capture of two cargo vessels with sugar and molasses on board on 6 December 1862 , and took part in an attack on the Confederate forces in Bayou Teche , Louisiana , and the destruction of " CSS J . A . Cotton " 14 January 1863 . Captured by Confederates . " Diana " served with other ships of the Navy and detachments of the Army in Berwick Bay , Louisiana , until 28 March 1863 when she was captured by the Confederates while on a reconnaissance in Grand Lake and Atchafalaya River in Louisiana .
USS Rixey ( APH - 3 ) USS " Rixey " ( APH - 3 ) was a casualty evacuation transport ship in the United States Navy during World War II . " Rixey " was built by the Moore Dry Dock Company , Oakland , California . 11 , 500 tons . 450 x 62 x 23 . 6 . 18 knots . Her keel was laid as " Alcoa Cruiser " ( MC Hull 177 ) 3 June 1941 and intended for use as a bauxite and passenger ship for the Alcoa Steamship Company . " Rixey " was launched on 30 December 1941 ; sponsored by Miss Betty Hammond ; and designated for Navy use and assigned the name " Rixey " after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Acquired by the Navy 30 December 1942 ; and commissioned the same day , Captain Allen Hobbs in command . With a complement of 460 , and a troop capacity of 1 , 166 or a bed capacity of 700 , " Rixey " was named in honor of Rear Admiral Presley Marion Rixey , MC , USN . The USS " Rixey " saw much combat throughout its deployment in the Second World War . Unlike traditional hospital ships , the " Rixey " was fitted with weapons for her defense , this allowed her to operate just off of the beaches where Marines engaged Japanese forces . The " Rixey ' s " ability to be in harms way gave wounded troops more expedient access to medical care . Decommissioned 27 March 1946 after three years and three months active commission ; returned to the Maritime Commission and simultaneously transferred to the Army Transportation Service on 9 September 1946 . Converted to a transport ship and renamed " Private William H . Thomas " on 31 October 1947 . Following the establishment of a unified sea transportation service , she was returned to the Navy on 1 March 1950 and designated T - AP - 185 . Transferred to the Maritime Administration ’ s National Defense Reserve Fleet , " Rixey " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 27 December 1957 . She was later sold to the Tung Ho Enterprise Corporation , Taiwan . The Rescue of the SS Andrea Doria . As the " USNS Private William H . Thomas " , " Rixey " aided in the rescue of the stricken SS Andrea Doria which subsequently later sank .
Casualty estimation Casualty estimation is the process of estimating the number of injuries or deaths in a battle or natural disaster that has already occurred . On the other , casualty prediction is the process of estimating the number of injuries or deaths that might occur in a planned or potential battle or natural disaster . Measures used to imply casualties include : Methods . Measurement and signature intelligence alone cannot give a reasonable estimate of casualties . What Spectroscopic MASINT can do is help find mass graves . Geophysical MASINT can help localize metal and possibly bodies at that site . TECHINT is needed if there are weapons or artifacts to analyze . IMINT has a role to play in tracking movements . These all have to combine with all - source analysis . Perhaps the losses of tanks and aircraft , if available , might better predict what actually happened in a battle . MASINT ' s mass graves capability is a means that has been used for remote sensing of clandestine mass graves . Author Sam Adams ' book , " War of Numbers " discusses , in great detail , a process of casualty estimation . Adams was a CIA analyst who eventually resigned over what he felt was political manipulation of casualty figures in the Vietnam War . He explains how he came up with casualty figures for the NLF and PAVN . Adams , and other U . S . analysts dealing with a guerilla war in jungle , found there were better metrics than " body count " . David Hackworth , for example , used number of enemy weapons captured after an engagement , and that turned out to be a good predictor of casualties , with certain limits .
57th Adversary Tactics Group The 57th Adversary Tactics Group ( 57 ATG ) is the flying component of the 57th Wing , assigned to the United States Air Force Air Combat Command . The group is stationed at Nellis Air Force Base , Nevada . Overview . The 57th ATG was formed on 1 July 2005 with the objective of consolidating all Aggressor activities under one organization to provide the Combat Air Forces with the opportunity to train against a realistic , fully integrated threat array during large - and small - scale exercises such as Red Flag – Nellis , Red Flag – Alaska , Maple Flag , Green Flag and dissimilar air combat training deployments . The official USAF Aggressor program was born in 1972 as a response to the poor aerial combat performance of U . S . Air Force aircrews in Vietnam . The Aggressors ' charter remains to this day to improve combat performance through realistic , challenging training and education . They accomplish this as the USAF ' s professional adversaries , flying F - 15 and F - 16 aircraft for Red Flag and Maple Flag exercises , USAF Weapons School syllabus support , priority test mission support and road shows that visit various units throughout the CAF . Units . Established in July 2005 , the 57th ATG ( tail code : WA ) consists of Aggressor squadrons that replicate adversary threat tactics while training combat air forces aircrews . History . Replaced the Aggressor flying components of the 57th Operations Group , placing them all under a single organization . Has trained combat aircrews in adversary threat tactics since its inception .
Edward Douglas Brown Colonel Edward Douglas Browne - Synge - Hutchinson [ ( 6 March 1861 – 3 March 1940 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 39 years old , and a major in the 14th Hussars , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place on 13 October 1900 at Geluk , South Africa for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . He was born as Edward Douglas Brown in Kasauli , Dagshai , India . In 1904 he took the name but not the title of his uncle , Sir Edward Synge - Hutchinson , to become Edward Douglas Browne - Synge - Hutchinson VC . He was also the nephew of Lieutenant General Coote Synge - Hutchinson . He achieved the rank of Colonel and died in London . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the 14th / 20th King ' s Hussars Museum , Preston , Lancashire , England .
Howa Type 89 The Howa Type 89 is a Japanese assault rifle chambered in 5 . 56mm and is used by the Japan Self - Defense Forces . In Japan it ' s known as " buddy " . Description . The Japanese Type 89 assault rifle was developed by Howa Machinery Co . for the National Defense Forces of Japan . This weapon entered service with Japan Ground Self - Defense Forces in 1989 . It replaced the previous Howa Type 64 in frontline units . The Type 89 was never exported due to Japan ' s laws . It is a gas operated , selective fire assault rifle , chambered for the standard NATO 5 . 56 x 45 mm ammunition . Some of this weapon ' s internal components are similar to the US AR - 18 , which was previously manufactured by Howa under license . The Type 89 was designed with minimal number of parts for improved reliability . This assault rifle has an effective range of 500 m . The Howa Type 89 is lighter than the previous Type 64 due to polymer housing . A safety / fire mode selector is located from the right side , over the pistol grip . It has semi - auto , full - auto and three - round burst modes . Later an ambidextrous fire mode selector was installed on some rifles . The Howa Type 89 is fed from the standard NATO ( M16 - type ) magazines . Typically it uses 30 - round magazines , however it is also compatible with a 20 - round mag . Japanese magazines have holes in the sides to indicate ammunition left . This assault rifle comes with adjustable iron sights , however it is compatible with Weaver - or Picatinny - type rail mounts and can mount various optical sights . A standard model of the Type 89 has a fixed stock . This assault rifle has a detachable bipod , which folds over the foregrip when not in use . A bayonet can be attached , which can be also used as a wire cutter . This weapon can fire rifle grenades . It is possible to use the US M203 40 - mm underbarrel grenade launcher with a special adapter .
Pea Patch Island Pea Patch Island is a small island , approximately 1 mi ( 1 . 6 km ) long , in the U . S . state of Delaware , located in the mid channel of the Delaware River near its entrance into Delaware Bay . It is a low , marshy island , located in New Castle County , facing Delaware City on the Delaware shore , and Finns Point on the New Jersey shore . Once the location of strategic military defenses , the island is currently owned by the State of Delaware as Fort Delaware State Park . The island emerged as a mud bank in the river in the 18th century . According to folklore , the island received its name after a ship full of pea s ran aground on it , spilling its contents and leading to a growth of the plant on the island . In the 1790s , Pierre L ' Enfant suggested the use of the island as part of the defenses of New Castle , Delaware and Philadelphia . By 1814 , the island had grown sufficiently large for the construction of Fort Delaware . The original wood structure was replaced by the current brick and concrete one in 1859 . During the American Civil War , Fort Delaware was used by the Union as a camp for Confederate prisoners , in particular ones captured at the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg . Many of the prisoners who died at the fort are buried at nearby Finns Point National Cemetery in New Jersey . In the early 20th century , the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers dredged a channel around the island , using the infill to double the island ' s size on its northern end . The island is publicly accessible by ferry from both the Delaware and New Jersey banks . In addition to the historic features of the state park , the island provides a significant wetland s stop for migratory birds . It is the location of the largest colony of heron s in the U . S . north of Florida .
USS Rappahannock ( AF - 6 ) USS Rappahannock ( AF - 6 ) was an " Rappahannock " - class stores ship acquired by the U . S . Navy for use in World War I . She served in the dangerous North Atlantic Ocean , delivering animals , such as horses and steers on - the - hoof , to American Expeditionary Force troops in Europe . Acquiring an enemy ’ s ship . The first " Rappahannock " ( Id . No . 1854 ) was launched in 1913 as SS " Pommern " by the Bremer - Vulcan yards , Vegesack , Germany , for the North German Lloyd Line . She was the third freighter of the " Rheinland " - Class built for the company ' s Australia freight service line via the Cape of Good Hope . SS " Pommern " was voluntarily interned in Honolulu after the outbreak of World War I in Europe and was seized when the United States entered the war . She was then assigned to the US Navy by the U . S . Shipping Board ; converted ; delivered to the Navy 7 December 1917 ; renamed " Rappahannock " ; and commissioned 8 December 1917 . Horses and steers for U . S . troops in Europe . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service as an animal transport , " Rappahannock " completed her fourth transatlantic run to France on 16 November 1918 , 5 days after the Armistice . Post - World War I operations . Remaining in NOTS until transferred to Train , Atlantic Fleet , on 4 February 1919 , she completed one more round - trip from New York to Europe before being assigned temporary reserve status at Portsmouth in the summer of 1919 . She was returned to active status in June 1922 with the designation AF - 6 and , for the next 2½ years , carried cargo for both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets . Final decommissioning and World War II service . " Rappahannock " decommissioned 10 December 1924 and remained in reserve at Mare Island until struck from the Navy list 19 July 1933 . She was sold to the Luckenbach Steamship Co . , New York City on 5 October 1933 ; was renamed SS " William Luckenbach " ; and operated under that name through World War II . Sold to the Italian company Giacomo Costa fu Andrea in November 1946 , she became that company ' s first passenger carrier and continued her merchant service under the Italian flag through the end of 1952 .
Master Gunner Master Gunner is an appointment of Warrant Officer in the British Army ' s Royal Artillery . Master Gunners are experts in the technical aspects of gunnery . They fill advisory rather than command posts . The appointment is split into two classes : Master Gunners 2nd and 1st Class are Warrant Officers Class 1 . The appointment of Master Gunner should not be confused with that of Master Gunner , St . James ' s Park , who is the ceremonial head of the Royal Regiment of Artillery . United States Army / United States Marine Corps - Master Gunner , commonly referred to as " Mike Golf , " is also an Advanced Skill school of the Armor , Infantry and Artillery branches of the US Army and Armor branch of the USMC . It requires a high degree of skill and test - taking ability , leading to a low graduation rate . The primary mission of the Army master gunner is to aid and assist commanders at all echelons in the planning , development , execution , and evaluation of all crew - served weapons related training ( individual , crew , and collective ) . The master gunner ' s specific duties are directed by the commander . Examples of his duties are : - Develop or conduct training and certification of vehicle crew evaluators ( VCE ) . - Assist all elements within the unit concerning gunnery training ( IAW FM 3 . 20 - 21 ) . - Forecast all ammunition and ranges for training . - Manage gunnery records , Gunnery Skills Testing ( GST ) records , and turbulence rosters . - Coordinate and control training devices . - Execute gunnery training . - Supervise live - fire ranges to ensure all standards are followed ; specifically - - Set up and conduct GST training , and evaluate the results . - Advise the commander of the tactical capabilities of all weapons and weapon systems . The master gunner ' s main responsibilities are listed above , but may change in scope , depending on the level that he is assigned . The master gunner should not be assigned additional duties other than those listed here . Unit gunnery training programs need a great deal of attention to be effective . MASTER GUNNER DUTIES BY POSITION : Brigade Master Gunner - Works closely with the master gunners at lower echelons to ensure standards are uniform throughout the training programs . Develops the crew evaluator certification program . Provides any new information on ways to improve training . Helps develop and upgrade range facilities . Battalion Master Gunner - Ensures continual education of the master gunners in the battalion . Helps the battalion commander and command sergeant major ( CSM ) select master gunner school candidates . Develops new training techniques to improve crew training . Coordinates with the regiment for training assets . Certifies vehicle crew evaluators ( VCE ) . Certifies range safety personnel . Company Master Gunner - Coordinates with the battalion S3 to secure company gunnery training assets . Trains crew evaluator . Assists in troubleshooting and maintenance of weapons .