naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Capture of Montserrat The Capture of Montserrat was accomplished by a French naval expedition that seized the island of Montserrat from the British on 22 February 1782 . Background . Following the Franco - American success in the October 1781 Siege of Yorktown , French Admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse returned to the West Indies to continue campaigning against British - held islands there . In concert with the French governor of the West Indies , the Marquis de Bouillé , he sought to capture Barbados , a key British possession . However , two separate attempts to reach the island ( which is to the windward of most of the Caribbean islands and can require a lengthy journey against the prevailing easterly trade winds to reach ) failed . The leaders then turned to other targets , beginning with St . Kitts , which was besieged on January 11 , 1782 . St . Kitts fell on February 13 , at which point de Grasse detached a squadron to take Montserrat . Capture . The Comte de Barras , commander of the squadron , dispatched Count of Flechin ; along with 500 men from the Régiment Auxerrois , to capture the island from the English . At the time of its surrender , British artillery on Montserrat consisted of 62 pieces of cannon of different bores and six howitzers . Montserrat was occupied by the French until it was returned pursuant to the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris .
USS Utina ( ATF - 163 ) USS " Utina " ( ATF - 163 ) was an " Abnaki " - class of fleet ocean tug . It was named after Olata Ouae Utina ( fl . 1565 ) , a leading chief of the now - extinct Utina tribe of Timucua Indians who occupied the territory along the middle reaches of the St . Johns River in Florida near the present - day site of St . Augustine , Florida . The " Utina " was laid down on 6 June 1945 at Charleston , South Carolina , by the Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock Company ; launched on 31 August 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . Jonathan Yerkes ; and commissioned at the Charleston Navy Yard , on 30 January 1946 , Lt . A . J . Vetro in command . Since commissioning , the major portion of " Utina " ' s long Navy career was spent in the western Atlantic Ocean and in the West Indies . She carried out a variety of towing missions , helping damaged ships into port , towing decommissioned ships to berthing areas , towing targets for gunnery exercises , and the like . Throughout her active career , " Utina " was closely associated with the American naval base at Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . Right after commissioning , she conducted her shakedown training out of that port , and when she completed it , Guantanamo Bay became her home port for over five years . In 1951 , she was reassigned to Norfolk , Virginia but continued to deploy each year to the base in Cuba for several weeks of operations — frequently in conjunction with the annual " Springboard " fleet exercises held in the West Indies . She was at Guantanamo Bay in February 1964 when Cuban Premier Fidel Castro cut off the base ' s water supply . When the United States government decided to respond by permanently severing the water link to illustrate the base ' s self sufficiency , " Utina " played an important role by bringing in Guantanamo Bay ' s first potable water before two large tankers could be activated for the purpose . Throughout her quarter of a century of service with the Navy , " Utina " altered her routine of operations along the eastern seaboard and in the West Indies only twice . In May 1965 , she embarked upon her only deployment to the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea . Her missions , however , remained the same though the emphasis shifted to target towing for 6th Fleet surface gunnery exercises . She returned to Norfolk in early October 1965 and resumed 2d Fleet services once more . Her second departure from her primary zone of operations came in June 1967 when she steamed to Iceland to assist USS " Aeolus " ( ARC - 3 ) in a special project . The tug returned to Norfolk on 13 July 1967 and resumed east coast - West Indies operations for the remaining four years of her career . On 3 September 1971 , " Utina " was decommissioned at Norfolk , and she was transferred , on a loan basis , to the Venezuelan Navy . She was commissioned as " Felipe Larrazabal " ( R 21 ) and served in the Venezuelan Navy until December 1977 . At that time , she was returned to the United States Navy , retransferred to Venezuela on a sale basis , and her name was struck from the Navy list — all simultaneously . As of the beginning of 1980 , she was still active with the Venezuelan Navy .
Battleshort Battleshort is a condition in which some military equipment can be placed so it does not shut down when circumstances would be damaging to the equipment or personnel . According to Allied Ordnance Publication AOP - 38 - 3 , a NATO publication , a battleshort is " The capability to bypass certain safety features in a system to ensure completion of the mission without interruption due to the safety feature . " It also says , " Examples of bypassed safety features are circuit overload protection , and thermal protection . " ( i . e . overheating ) In peaceful situations one would want equipment to shut down so it is not damaged . In a battle or emergency , where the survival of the vessel ( or other vehicle ) is dependent upon the continued operation of the equipment , it is sometimes wiser to risk equipment damage than have the equipment shut down when it is needed . Battleshorts have been used in some non - combat situations as well , including the Firing Room / Mission Control spaces at NASA during the manned Apollo missions — specifically the moon landings
Combat Ration One Man The Combat Ration One Man , or CR1M is a self - contained , individual field ration in lightweight packaging procured by the Australian military for its members for use in combat or other field conditions where organised food facilities are not available . The CR1M consists of two main meals ( vacuum packed ) , a midday snack ( chocolate , muesli bar etc . ) , a number of sundry items ( toilet paper , can opener , matches , scouring pad etc . ) and a Field Ration Eating Device or F . R . E . D . The items of the Combat Ration One Man are produced by various companies within Australia and New Zealand with most of the food and condiments being items commonly found in Australian stores . Notable examples of this are Nestle ' s " Australian Defence Force Chocolate Ration " , Uncle Toby ' s Muesli Bars and Kraft Vegemite . F . R . E . D . . The F . R . E . D . or Field Ration Eating Device is a combination spoon , can opener , and bottle opener included in every CR1M . Australian troops commonly refer to the F . R . E . D . as a Fucking Ridiculous Eating Device . The PR1M and CR5M . Two other close variants of the Combat Ration One Man ( CR1M ) are the PR1M ( Patrol Ration One Man ) and the CR5M ( Combat Ration 5 Man ) The PR1M is a light weight variant of the CR1M weighing only 60 % of the total weight of the CR1M , the Main items in it are freeze dried and vacuum sealed to reduce size and weight . It is made to sustain a soldier for 24 hours in combat but can last up to 3 days in a survival situation . The CR5M is the 5 man variant of the CR1M , it is packed in a large box and contains enough food sources to last 5 troops 24 hours in a combat situation . Unlike the other Australian Ration Packs this one is not size conscious and is often split up into the packs of troops as it is a means of group feeding .
List of sailing frigates of the United States Navy This is a list of sailing frigate s of the United States Navy . Frigates were the backbone of the early Navy , although the list shows that many suffered unfortunate fates . The sailing frigates of the United States built from 1797 on were unique in that their framing was made of American live oak , a particularly hardy genus that made very resilient hulls ; as a result of this , the ships were known to withstand damage that would have scuppered frigates of other nations . American frigates were also very heavily armed ; the USN ' s 44s carried 24 - pound cannon as opposed to the 18 - pounders usual in frigates , and like most ships of the period carried more than their nominal rate , 56 guns or more . On the other hand , the USN classed ships with 20 to 26 guns as " third - class frigates " , whereas the Royal Navy did not . Continental Navy . Congress authorized 3 Frigates of 18 , 13 Frigates of 12 ( 5 of 32 , 5 of 28 and 3 of 24 ) United States Navy . " Ten additional ships of the " Potomac " class were appropriated , but never built . "
Air Warfare Officer – Command , Control and Communications The AWO ( C3 ) is involved in commanding fighter aircraft to perform strike missions , intercept operations and time - sensitive search - and - rescue missions . These officers must possess sharp reflexes , quick thinking alertness , and have good communication skills to control air operations . They also master precision - demanding air traffic control and are the ‘ eyes and ears ’ of the RSAF on a 24 / 7 basis in peacetime . In charge of Command , Control and Communications ( C3 ) , the Air Warfare Officer ( C3 ) plays an active role in every RSAF mission . References . Republic of Singapore Air Force - Careers
Second - rate In the British Royal Navy , a second rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks ; earlier 17th century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two - deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks . The term in no way implied that they were of inferior quality . They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the three - decker first rate s . Like the first rates , they fought in the line of battle , but unlike the first rates , which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations , the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships . They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing . Rating . Typically displacing around 2000 tons and carrying a crew of 750 , the second rates by the second half of the 18th century carried 32 - pounder guns on the gundeck , with 18 - pounders instead of 24 - pounders on the middle deck , and 12 - pounders on the upper deck ( rather than 18 - or 24 - pounders on first rates ) , although there were exceptions to this . Both first and second rates carried lighter guns ( and , after 1780 , carronade s ) on their forecastle s and quarterdecks . The three - decker second rate was mainly a British type , and was not built by other European navies to any great degree . Apart from its unhandiness , in terms of sheer firepower it was matched or even over matched by many of the large 80 and 74 - gun two - deckers used by the French and Spanish navies instead . The additional deck did , however , give the second rate an advantage in close combat , and it had the further tactical advantage of sometimes being mistaken by the enemy for a first rate , which could possibly make enemy commanders reluctant to press an attack . Term . The term " second - rate " has since passed into general usage as an adjective used to mean of suboptimal quality , inferior to something that is " first - rate " .
Albert S . Barker Albert Smith Barker ( March 31 , 1845 – January 30 , 1916 ) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served during the American Civil War and the Spanish - American War . Biography . Born in Hanson , Massachusetts , Barker graduated from the Naval Academy in 1862 . He served in , and during the Civil War . In July 1883 , Albert Barker was commander of the while on the East Coast of Africa at Zanzibar . He wrote a report on the " Trade of Zanzibar " of imports and exports for the years 1882 - 83 . The trade of the port principally being with the United States , England , Germany , and France . Many vessels from these countries were employed in this trade process with America , such as the British man - of - war stationed at Zanzibar as a store ship . During the Spanish - American War he commanded and participated in the bombardment of Santiago on July 1 , 1898 . He was Commander - in - Chief of the North Atlantic Fleet from 1903 to 1905 . Rear Admiral Barker died January 30 , 1916 at Washington , D . C . Namesake . The destroyer was named for him .
Yan Yan Yan Yan was a general of Shu Han during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history . Yan began his career as a general serving under the warlord Liu Zhang of Yi Province . In fiction . In Luo Guanzhong ' s historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , Yan Yan was defeated captured by Zhang Fei in 212 in one of the battles during Liu Bei ' s takeover of Yi Province . Yan firmly refused to surrender and made strong accusations at Liu Bei , which angered Zhang Fei . Zhang wanted to have him executed but changed his mind later as he was impressed with Yan ' s strong sense of loyalty . Zhang released Yan and succeeded in persuading Yan to join Liu Bei ' s forces . Yan appeared in a later chapter during the Battle of Mount Dingjun , where he volunteered to lead an army to attack the enemy forces under Cao Cao together with Huang Zhong .
Dragiša Vasić Dragiša Vasić ( ; Gornji Milanovac , Kingdom of Serbia 2 October 1885 — Nova Gradiška , Yugoslavia between 20 and 25 April 1945 ) was Serbian lawyer , writer and publicist . Since 12 February 1934 he was a member of Serbian Royal Academy . During World War II he was one of the three most important members of the Central National Committee established in August 1941 by Draža Mihailović .
Bounding mine A bounding mine is an anti - personnel mine designed to be used in open areas . When tripped , a small propelling charge launches the body of the mine 3 – 4 feet ( 0 . 9 - 1 . 2 metres ) into the air , where the main charge detonates and sprays fragmentation at roughly waist height . The original World War II German S - mine has been widely influential . Other countries that have employed bounding mines in war include the United States of America , Soviet Union , and Vietnam . China and Italy have also produced them . Some American mines designed for this purpose utilised a standard 60 mm HE mortar round with an improvised time delay fuse which is activated by the propelling charge . Bounding mines are more expensive than typical AP blast mines , and they do not lend themselves to scatterable designs . Because they are designed to be buried , they are appropriate for command - detonated ambushes , but tripwire operation is common as well . By design , bounding mines contain a large amount of steel , which makes them comparatively easy to detect with metal detectors . However , it is often the case that minimum metal mine s have also been planted in the same minefield , which complicates the demining process .
ShinMaywa Products . " Modifications ( Tokushima Plant ) " " Special - purpose trucks / Equipment " Concept aircraft not built . In 1977 Shin Meiwa had several ideas for it ' s STOL flying boat concept on the drawing board but none were ever built . They were the Shin Meiwa LA ( Light Amphibian ) , a 40 passenger light amphibian for inter - island feeder service ; the 400 passenger Shin Meiwa MA ( Medium Amphibian ) ; the Shin Meiwa MS ( Medium Seaplane ) a 300 passenger long range flying boat with its own beaching gear ; and the gargantuan Shin Meiwa GS ( Giant Seaplane ) that has a passenger capacity of an astonishing twelve - hundred ( 1200 ) passangers seated on three decks ! Unlike the Shin Meiwa LA and MA which were like the US - 1 in design the Shin Meiwa MS and GS had it engines located in front of and above the wing like the USAF Boeing YC - 14 to give STOL effect . In the end , none of the four designs got beyond the drawing boards . Recently however , there has been a revival of interest in the GS concept . Also during the late ' 70s , Shin Meiwa were working on a successor for the PS - 1 ASW seaplane , however the program , along with further orders for the PS - 1 , was cancelled in September 1980 . This was because land based aircraft ( i . e . P - 3C ) seemed to had alleviated the need for more seaplanes for Anti - Submarine Warfare . There were at least two PS - 1 spin - offs . These ( landplane ) designs were Design # 487 and Design # 487C , part of a joint program of the 1970s with Grumman . Design # 487 was aimed at a US Military STOL transport requirement , while Design # 487C was a 90 seat commercial STOL airliner version aimed in particular at American Airlines .
Treasurer of the Navy The Treasurer of the Navy was an office in the British government between the mid - 16th and early 19th century . The office - holder was responsible for the financial maintenance of the Royal Navy . The office was a political appointment , and frequently was held by up - and - coming young politicians who would later go on to hold more important positions . The post was abolished in 1836 and its functions incorporated into those of the Paymaster - General .
Orbetello Airfield Orbetello Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Central Italy , which is located approximately 5 km north - northeast of Orbetello in the province of Grosseto ( Tuscany ) . The airfield was a former Luftwaffe base seized by the United States Army in June 1944 . After its capture , it was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force . According to the group historian of the 86th , the airfield was put into use by the group with the front lines just a few miles north of the field . When the first elements arrived , they found a burnt - out German half - track with numerous casualties in it , along with numerous empty German helmets scattered around . At Orbetello the 86th transitioned from the A - 36 Apache to the P - 47 Thunderbolt and was redesignated a Fighter Group from its former Fighter - Bomber designation . Also , the 64th Fighter Wing set up headquarters on the airfield . As part of the invasion of southern France ( Operation Dragoon ) , the 439th Troop Carrier Group flew three squadrons of C - 47s on the base where Army paratroopers had assembled and were flown to their drop zones in southern France during the invasion . When the Americans moved out the airfield was closed and dismantled . Today , the location of the airfield is visible in aerial photography , with its runway visible . However the remainder of the airfield has been obliterated by agricultural use of the land .
Richard Jeffries Dawes Richard Jeffries Dawes was born on 23 October 1897 in Lachine , Quebec , Canada . He joined the military for World War I , and ended up a Sopwith Camel pilot in the Royal Flying Corps . World War I . By late 1917 , Dawes was posted to 45 Squadron on the Western Front as a pilot . He scored his first aerial victory on the Western Front before 45 Squadron was transferred to Italy . He became an ace with the squadron . Then , at about the time the Royal Flying Corps was being consolidated into the Royal Air Force , Dawes was transferred for a short spell to 28 Squadron , which was also in Italy . He scored a victory with them before transferring back to 45 Squadron . He wrapped up his tally with a final three wins with the unit in June 1918 . His courage earned him a Distinguished Flying Cross , which was gazetted on 21 September 1918 : List of aerial victories . See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Post World War I . Richard Jeffries Dawes lived until 22 April 1983 , though details of his postwar life are unknown . He died in Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
SS Stephen Hopkins The SS " Stephen Hopkins " was a United States Merchant Marine Liberty ship that served in World War II . She was the first US ship to sink a German surface combatant during the war and the last . She was built at the Permanente Metals Corporation ( Kaiser ) shipyards in Richmond , California . Her namesake was Stephen Hopkins , a signer of the Declaration of Independence from Rhode Island . Action of 27 September 1942 . She completed her first cargo run , but never made it home . On September 27 , 1942 , en route from Cape Town to Surinam , she encountered the heavily armed German commerce raider " Stier " and her tender the " Tannenfels " with one machine gun . Because of fog , the ships were only two miles ( 3 km ) apart when they sighted each other . Ordered to stop , the " Stephen Hopkins " refused to surrender , and the " Stier " opened fire . Although greatly outgunned , the crew of the " Hopkins " fought back , replacing the crew of the ship ' s lone 4 inch ( 102 mm ) gun with volunteers as they fell . The fight was fierce and short , and by its end both ships were wrecks . The " Stephen Hopkins " sank at 10 : 00 . The " Stier " , too heavily damaged to continue its voyage , was scuttled by its crew less than two hours later . Most of the crew of the " Hopkins " died , including captain Paul Buck . The survivors drifted on a lifeboat for a month before reaching shore in Brazil . Captain Buck was posthumously awarded the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for his actions . So was US Merchant Marine Academy cadet Edwin Joseph O ' Hara , who single - handedly fired the last shots from the ship ' s 4 - inch gun . O ' Hara was the second cadet to receive this award , and the first to receive it posthumously . Navy reservist Lt . ( j . g . ) Kenneth Martin Willett , gun boss for the 4 - inch gun , was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . The Liberty ship s SS " Paul Buck " , SS " Edwin Joseph O ' Hara " , and SS " Richard Moczkowski " , and the destroyer escort were named in honor of crew members of the " Stephen Hopkins " , and SS " Stephen Hopkins II " in honor of the ship itself .
Savasleyka ( air base ) Savasleyka ( ) is an air base in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast , Russia . It is located near the village of Savasleyka in Kulebaksky District , between the towns of Vyksa ( which is 16 km southwest of the airfield ) , Kulebaki ( some 10 km to the east of the base ) and Navashino ( some 10 km to the northwest of the airfield ) . The name of the base is also often transcribed into English as Savasleika ; sometimes it is misspelled as Savastleyka or Savostleyka . The base has also been referred to as Murom , after the city of Murom that is some 25 km northwest , in the neighboring Vladimir Oblast . The history of the airfield goes back to 1953 – 54 , when the Training Center of the Aviation of the Air Defence Forces ( ) was moved to Savasleyka from Seyma ( Volodarsk ) . The Tupolev Tu - 128 was originally fielded at Savasleyka in 1964 . It is a small airfield with a utilitarian layout and a small number of unpaved fighter revetments . Savasleyka was home to 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment ( 54 Gv IAP ) with Su - 27 aircraft in 1994 and today , as part of the 4th Aircrew Combat Training Centre at Lipetsk Air Base . The 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment had previously been based at Vainode Air Base in the Latvian SSR . The 4th absorbed the previous 148 TsBP i PLS ( Aircrew Combat Training and Retraining Centre ) of the PVO ( Air Defense ) with Su - 17 , Su - 27 , MiG - 31MLD , and Mi - 8 aircraft after 1998 . A small aircraft museum is currently operated at the base .