naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Mk 6 Assault Boat The Mk 6 Assault Boat is an assault boat used by the Royal Engineers of the British Army . It is usually paddled for a silent or night - time approach , but can be fitted with an outboard motor . Its built from glass reinforced plastic and is light enough to be carried by four men . The Mk 6 Assault Boat is used as a versatile , general purpose craft that was designed to carry up to 10 fully equipped troops or 1 , 043 kg of stores . It also makes a useful ferry craft when fitted with an outboard motor . Assault Boats may be stacked six deep for storage or transport . Whilst basic and often overlooked it has been in constant operational use since its introduction , including conducting patrols on Helmand Reservoir in Afghanistan and proved highly useful in the Southern Iraq Marshes , especially over the last year of British Operations on the Qarmat Ali Waterway , north of Basra where the ability to carry the boat over shallows made it much more employable than the faster but larger Rigid Raider or Combat Support Boat .
Yoshio Shinozuka Yoshio Shinozuka ( born 1923 ) is a former Imperial Army soldier who served with a top secret Japan ese biological warfare group called Unit 731 in World War II . He was involved in conducting experiments and vivisection s on Chinese captives near the northern Chinese city of Harbin . In 1997 , Shinozuka gave testimony on the activities of Unit 731 on behalf of 180 Chinese who are suing the Japanese government for compensation and an apology for deaths of family members they say were killed in experiments at the world ' s first biological warfare laboratory . " I was a member of Unit 731 and I have done what no human being should ever do , " said Yoshio Shinozuka . In 1998 , he wanted to give a speech on a peace conference in the USA and Canada . However , the government administrations denied his entry into their countries because he had been a war criminal . This happened in spite of the fact that immediately after World War II ended , the USA had guaranteed the heads of the Unit 731 immunity from prosecution in exchange for providing results of their experiments .
Inspector - General of the RAF The Inspector - General of the RAF was a senior appointment in the Royal Air Force , responsible for the inspection of airfields . The post existed from 1918 to 1920 and from 1935 until the late 1960s . The first creation of the post began on 22 August 1918 as a member of the Air Council . However , in February or March of the following year , the Inspector - General ceased to sit on the Air Council . Inspectors - general . The following people served as Inspector - General of the RAF : From May 1940 to November 1943 , a second inspector - general was appointed in addition to Ludlow - Hewitt who continued to serve . The additional inspectors - general were After November 1943 , Ludlow - Hewitt remained as the only inspector - general until he handed over to Sir Arthur Barratt in October 1945 .
Focke - Wulf Fw 186 The Focke - Wulf Fw 186 was a one - man autogyro built by Focke - Wulf in 1937 with backing from the RLM ( " ReichsLuftfahrtMinisterium " - Reich Aviation Ministry ) , for use as a liaison and reconnaissance aircraft , and featured short takeoff and landing characteristics . However only one prototype of the aircraft was constructed , and the project was abandoned when the RLM preferred the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch over the Fw 186 .
TOROS artillery rocket system TOROS artillery rocket system ( , TOROS ) is a Turkish artillery rocket system that has been developed in both 230 and 260 mm calibre . The system was developed by TÜBİTAK - SAGE , and is used by the Turkish Army . The larger calibre rockets have a maximum range of deliver a high - explosive fragmentation warhead containing 30 , 000 steel balls . The system consists of four vehicles : Description . The 230 mm calibre system consists of six TOROS - 230 unguided medium range rocket s in a disposable launcher pod . The 260 mm calibre system consists of four TOROS - 260 rockets in a disposable launcher pod . The launcher vehicle is designed to accept two TOROS - 230 or TOROS - 260 launcher pods . Both rockets use an HTPB / AP solid propellent , and are stabilised in flight by four wrap - around fins . Sabots are fitted to the front of the rocket which fall away shortly after launch . Both rockets use a fin detent system to reduce wind dispersion , and are reported as having a dispersion of between one and two percent of their range . A variety of warheads have been proposed for the system including the basic blast fragmentation warhead , an electronic warfare warhead and a bunker busting warhead . The launcher pods and advanced fire control system enable fast supply , loading , unloading , positioning and orientation operations . The unloading and reloading operations for two launch pods can be completed in less than twelve minutes . The system can be moved into position , oriented to target , and fired , all without the crew leaving the armoured cab . The launcher has a crew of three , but can be operated by a single person if needed . Dispersion is reduced by helical rails which provide high roll rate during launch .
98th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 98th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Air Defense Command New York Air Defense Sector stationed at Suffolk County AFB , New York . It was inactivated on 30 September 1968 . History . Activated in the summer of 1942 as part of III Fighter Command Became a P - 40 Warhawk , replacement training unit ( RTU ) . Inactivated on 1 May 1944 as part of a reorganization of training units . Reactivated in 1953 as part of Air Defense Command as an air defense squadron , equipped with F - 89D Scorpion Interceptors and initially being assigned to Dover AFB , Delaware with a mission for the air defense of Philadelphia Delaware - Maryland - Virginia region . Moved to Suffolk County AFB , New York , in 1963 becoming part of the New York City air defense force , upgraded in 1959 to the new McDonnell F - 101B Voodoo and assigned alongside the F - 101B interceptor was the F - 101F operational and conversion trainer . The two - seat trainer version was equipped with dual controls , but carried the same armament as the F - 101B and were fully combat - capable interceptors . Inactivated in September 1968 as part of the drawdown of ADC interceptor bases , the aircraft being passed along to the Air National Guard .
Composite Training Unit Exercise COMPTUEX , or Composite Training Unit Exercise , is a rehearsal each US Navy Carrier Strike Group performs before departing for deployment . Each ship and aircraft in the battle group trains in its specialty ; COMPTUEX brings ships together to project force as a battle group . COMPTUEX is an intermediate - level battle group exercise designed to forge together the battle group and its components into a fully functional fighting team . COMPTUEX is a critical part in the training pre - deployment . Each carrier battle group performs a rehearsal called Composite Training Unit Exercise ( COMPTUEX ) before departing for a six - month deployment . Over the previous several months , each ship and aircraft in the battle group has trained in its specialty . COMPTUEX brings ships together to project force as a battle group . COMPTUEX is an intermediate - level battle group exercise designed to forge the battle group into a cohesive , fighting team . It ’ s a critical step in the pre - deployment training cycle and a prerequisite for the battle group ’ s Joint Task Force Exercise . COMPTUEX is normally conducted during a two - week to three - week period six to eight weeks before deployment . Successfully completion of COMTPUEX certifies the carrier and its air wing as qualified for open ocean operations . COMPTUEX consists of an 18 - day schedule of even driven exercise which the follows with a three - day Final Battle Problem . It is conducted and directed by the training carrier group commander and the focus is to bring together the carrier and its air wing as a working team that can operate in a combat environment , as well as integrating with other assets of the battle group .
Stickleback - class submarine The " Stickleback " class submarines were midget submarine s of the Royal Navy initially ordered as improved versions of the older XE class submarine s . They were designed to allow British defences to practice defending against midget submarines since it was theorised that the Soviets had or could develop such craft . The Royal Navy developed plans to use these craft to carry a 15 kiloton nuclear mine ( based around the Red Beard weapon ) codenamed Cudgel into Soviet harbours . The project was unsuccessful as there were problems finding and paying for the necessary fissile material . Boats . There were 4 boats , launched 1954 – 1955 :
1997 Israeli helicopter disaster The 1997 Israeli helicopter disaster occurred on 4 February 1997 . 73 Israel Defense Forces soldiers were killed when two Sikorsky CH - 53 Sea Stallion " Yas ' ur " 2000 helicopters , " 357 " and " 903 " , collided over She ' ar Yashuv in northern Israel . The helicopters were supposed to have crossed the border into Israel ' s " security zone " in Lebanon , but were hovering while waiting for official clearance to go . Previously Israel had moved troops by ground , but this policy was changed as the threat of roadside bombs from Hezbollah increased . Bodies were brought to the Reading Funeral Home in North Tel Aviv , where identifications were made . The crash brought about widespread national grieving . Thursday , 6 February , was declared an official day of mourning , and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Ezer Weizman attended funerals and visited the grieving families . In addition , thousands of Israelis went to pray at the Western Wall and assemblies were held at schools nationwide . A commission headed by David Ivry was set up to investigate the cause of the collision , the deadliest air disaster in Israeli history . The committee finished its investigation in mid - April of the same year . It had been unable to find the definite cause of the mid - air collision , noting that the pilots appeared in good health and that no external causes could be found . In 2013 , there was a controversy over children using the memorial to the crash as a swimming pool .
Vexillum The vexillum ( ; plural vexilla ) was a flag - like object used as a military standard by units in the Ancient Roman army . The word is itself a diminutive for the Latin word , velum , sail , which confirms the historical evidence ( from coins and sculpture ) that vexilla were literally " little sails " i . e . flag - like standards . In the vexillum the cloth was draped from a horizontal crossbar suspended from the staff ; this is unlike most modern flags in which the ' hoist ' of the cloth is attached directly to the vertical staff . The bearer of a vexillum was known as a " vexillarius " or " vexillifer " . Just as in the case of the regimental colors or flag of Early Modern Western regiments , the vexillum was a treasured symbol of the military unit that it represented and it was closely defended in combat . It was however regarded as less important than a legion ' s aquila or eagle , and may have represented a sub - division of a legion , though this is not entirely clear from surviving sources . General uses . The term " vexillum " ( plural " vexilla " ) is used more generally for any object such as a relic or icon used as a standard in battle , & may be considered the offensive equivalent of the more defensive palladium in this context . Vexillology , or the study of flags , derives its name from this word , and a vexilloid is a standard that is not of conventional flag form . Nearly all of the present - day regions of Italy preserve the use of vexilla . Many Christian processional banners are in the vexillum form ; usually these banners are termed labara ( ) after the standard adopted by the first Christian Roman emperor Constantine I which replaced the imperial eagle with the " Chi - Rho " symbol ☧ . For example vexillum is used by the Legion of Mary as the term for its standards . A small version is used on the altar and a larger one leads processions .
French ship Charlemagne ( 1852 ) Charlemagne was an 80 - gun French ship of the line commissioned in 1852 . The ship was in the Mediterranean Sea in 1852 . The ship was sent by Napoleon III to the Black Sea as a show of force in violation of the London Straits Convention just prior to the Crimean War .
Battle of Bạch Đằng ( 1288 ) " For other articles of the same title , see Battle of Bạch Đằng . " The Battle of Bạch Đằng , which took place at the Bach Dang River , near Ha Long Bay in present - day northern Vietnam , was a battle between Đại Việt and the invading army of the Yuan Dynasty . It is considered part of the Third Mongol Invasion ( 1287 - 88 ) . The plan . In 1288 after the evacuation from the capital Thăng Long ( present - day Hanoi ) , Đại Việt ' s Grand Commander Trần Hưng Đạo decided to launch an offensive against the Mongolians on the Bạch Đằng River and immediately set to organize the battle . The Bạch Đằng River ran through Yen Hung district ( in Quảng Ninh province ) and Thuy Nguyen ( in Hai Phong ) before reaching the sea . This is where the well - known battle of Ngô Quyền against the Southern Han ( Nanhan ) took place in 938 A . D . It was from March , Trần Hưng Đạo was already there to prepare the battlefield . He borrowed the same tactic that Ngô Quyền used against the Chinese in 938 . He studied the tidal lore , had beds of stakes planted under the water and arranged ambushes in a unified plan of campaign . The battle . As was foreseen , the Mongolians in Thăng Long suffered an acute shortage of food . Without any news about the supply fleet , Prince Toghan found himself in a tight corner and had to order his army to retreat to Vạn Kiếp . This was when Đại Việt ' s Army began the general offensive by recapturing a number of locations occupied by the Mongol invaders . Groups of partisans were given orders to harass the enemy in Vạn Kiếp , putting them at a loss . Toghan had to split his army into two and retreat . In early April the supply fleet led by Omar and escorted by infantry fled home along the Bạch Đằng river . As bridges and roads were destroyed and attacks were launched by Đại Việt ' s troops , the Mongols reached Bạch Đằng . Đại Việt ' s small flotilla engaged in battle and pretended to retreat . The Mongols eagerly pursued Đại Việt troops and fell into their pre - arranged battlefield . Thousands of Đại Việt ' s small boats from both banks quickly appeared , fiercely launched the attack and broke the combat formation of the enemy . Inflicted with a sudden and strong attack , the Mongols tried to withdraw to the sea in panic . Hitting the stakes , their boats were halted , many of which were broken and sunk . At that time , a number of fire rafts quickly rushed toward them . Frightened , the Mongolian troops jumped down to get to the banks where they were dealt a heavy blow by a big army led by the Trần king and Trần Hưng Đạo . The Mongolian supply fleet was totally destroyed . Omar was captured . At the same time , Đại Việt ' s Army made continuous attacks and smashed to pieces Toghan ’ s army on its route of withdrawal through Lạng Sơn . Toghan risked his life making a shortcut through forests to flee home . Legacy . The Battle of Bạch Đằng went down as one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese military history and is a well - known event in Vietnam . In 1959 during excavation works in Yen Giang commune , Vietnamese archaeologists found the sharpened stakes that were used during the campaign in 1288 .
Fort Dunree Fort Dunree ( ) , located on the west side of the Inishowen peninsula , Ireland , is a Napoleonic period fort built by the Royal Navy . The fort is located on a rocky promontory accessed over a natural fissure . It was remodelled in 1895 to have 2 x 4 . 7 inch ( 119 mm ) QF guns below , and later 12 pounder ( 5 kg ) QF and 2 x 6 inch ( 152 mm ) guns in a battery above . The top of a hill overlooking the site was walled in to form a redoubt . The fort is now a military museum with detailed exhibitions , many restored guns such as BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun and an old military camp . There are also displays about the area birds , marine life and coastal vegetation . Other facilities include a gift shop , auditorium , café and trail walks . BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun Rory Noone And David Sheriden are founding members .
Edmund English Edmund English ( November 16 , 1841 – May 27 , 1912 ) was a Union Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of the Wilderness in the American Civil War . Biography . After the outbreak of the Civil War , he enlisted in the 2nd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry , and was mustered in as a Corporal in Company C on May 27 , 1861 . He served with his regiment , which was part of the famed First New Jersey Brigade , as it fought in the June – July 1862 Seven Days Battles , the August 1862 Battle of Second Bull Run , and the September 15 , 1862 , Battle of South Mountain . On July 21 , 1862 , he received promotion to Sergeant , which was followed by a September 21 , 1862 , promotion to 1st Sergeant of his company . During the Battle of the Wilderness , Virginia ( May 6 , 1864 ) , he performed his act of bravery that garnered him the Medal of Honor . He was eventually captured by the Confederates during his service , and was paroled . It was as a paroled prisoner that he was formally discharged at Trenton , New Jersey , on February 28 , 1865 , much later than his official end of his term of service , which was in June 1864 . He later re - enlisted in Winfield S . Hancock ' s Corps of veteran volunteers , serving first as Sergeant Major of the 6th United States Veteran Volunteers . Later , he was promoted to first lieutenant and transferred to the 7th United States Veteran Volunteers . He was mustered out of Federal service in August 1866 , having served over 5 full years . His medal was awarded to him on February 13 , 1891 . He died in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and was buried in the Old Cathedral Cemetery there . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : First Sergeant , Company C , 2d New Jersey Infantry . Place and date : At Wilderness , Va . , May 6 , 1864 . Entered service at : Newark , N . J . Born : November 16 , 1841 , Ireland . Date of issue : February 13 , 1891 . Citation : During a rout and while under orders to retreat seized the colors , rallied the men , and drove the enemy back .
Bonus ( Sirmium ) Bonus ( ) was a Byzantine general , active in the reign of Justin II ( r . 565 - 578 ) . He is known to have been situated at Sirmium , spending his career defending the Byzantine Empire against the Avars . He might have been a " magister militum per Illyricum " . The main source about him is Menander Protector . Biography . Bonus is first mentioned c . 561 , while in the service of Justin , son of Germanus . Bonus was tasked with defending the Danube " limes " against the Avars . He is mentioned at the time as a " protostates " ( ) . His title might have been equivalent to a majordomo . He resurfaces in 568 - 570 as a general . His exact position in the military hierarchy is uncertain , but the location of his activities at Sirmium , while still being in charge of the Danube " limes " , suggests the position of " magister militum per Illyricum " . The spring of 568 found the Avars besieging Sirmium . Bonus was in charge of the defense within the walls and was wounded in combat . When negotiations started between the defenders and the besiegers , Bonus was initially unable to attend the meetings . The Avars started suspecting that their opponent was dead , forcing Bonus to appear to them in person . The Avars eventually agreed to lift the siege in exchange for a " gift " ( payment ) . Bonus sought the approval from emperor Justin II . Months later , Bonus allowed an Avar embassy to cross Byzantine areas towards Constantinople . The negotiations at the capital failed . Justin II reprimanded Bonus for granting protection to an embassy that had clearly unacceptable demands . His message to Bonus also warned the general to prepare for renewed hostilities . In 569 / 570 , Tiberius II Constantine , the " comes excubitorum " , instructed Bonus to guard the river crossings of the Danube once more . His subsequent activities are unknown . The 10th - century " Suda " lexicon preserves another fragment of Menander Protector concerning Bonus , though its context is left unclear . The passage has Bonus warning his men that the Avars use battle cries and the beating of the drums to unnerve their enemies . He instructs his forces to answer with battle cries of their own . The " Suda On Line " project translates the relevant passage ( E , 2310 ) : " The Avars in their battle - charge wanted to raise a confused and fierce noise , and along with their yelling to make a thud on their drums , so that the din would be raised so much that it would astonish and terrify the Roman army . Since Bonos knew this in advance , he forewarned the soldiers , so that they would not be dumbfounded by the melee , but imitating in advance what was going to happen , to be accustomed to what was to come by the similarity even before the event , and when they perceived the beating of the drums , they themselves would beat in return with their shields and shout the war - song and sing a paean and make a thump on the water - pots ( which were made of wood ) . "