naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Border Line ( Switzerland ) The Border Line defenses of Switzerland were constructed in the late 1930s in response to increasing tensions between Switzerland and its neighbors , chiefly the Axis powers of Germany and Italy . The Border Line was planned to slow or hold an invading force at the border . It consisted of a series of bunkers spaced at short intervals along the French , German and Austrian borders from Basel to St . Margrethen . The bunkers were reinforced by larger multi - blockhouse forts at key points . Most of the positions were within two or three kilometers of the frontier . Major positions . Major forts on the Border Line included , from west to east : Description . The Border Line bunkers were spaced between and along the northern border of Switzerland . A number were integrated into bridge crossings of the Rhine and other rivers . The large forts were armed with 75mm artillery and anti - tank weapons , and were usually built into the forward slope of a hill . The blockhouses were connected and supported by an underground gallery system giving access and shelter to underground barracks , ammunition magazines , command posts and utility services . Compared with the Maginot Line , whose function was similar , the positions were less well - protected and lacked the ability to fire laterally along the line of attack from a sheltered location . The Border Line forts did not deploy a defense in depth . History . Work on the Border Line began in 1937 and was generally complete by 1940 . However , with the German invasion of France in 1940 , it became clear to the Swiss Armed Forces that the Border Line could not deter or withstand a direct German attack . Swiss priorities shifted to a policy of quick withdrawal to the National Redoubt in the Alps , there to maintain a government - in - being and to control the strategic crossings of the Alps for an extended time . While the German Operation Tannenbaum set forth a plan to invade Switzerland , the operation was never carried out . The Swiss war plan , devised by General Henri Guisan , envisioned the use of the Border Line as a delaying position , backed by a further hold line , the so - called Army Line , to give the bulk of Swiss forces time to retreat to the Redoubt destroying access points once Swiss forces were safely inside . Following World War II the main border positions remained manned . However , by the 1980s it became apparent that the positions were obsolete , and were gradually decommissioned , even before the Army 95 stand - down of many Swiss fortifications . A number of the positions have become museums and may be toured .
USNS Bartlett ( T - AGOR - 13 ) USNS " Bartlett " ( T - AGOR - 13 ) was a " Robert D . Conrad " - class oceanographic research ship acquired by the U . S . Navy in 1969 . She was placed in service for a period of time , and in 1993 was transferred to the Navy of Morocco . Built in Portland , Oregon . " Bartlett " was built by the Northwest Marine Iron Works Portland , Oregon . She was laid down on 18 November 1965 and launched on 24 May 1966 and turned over to the Navy on an unknown date as USNS " Bartlett " ( T - AGOR - 13 ) and manned by the Military Sea Transportation Service . Oceanographic service . " Bartlett " was placed in service , but the record of her history is not known . Inactivation . After being struck from the Navy List on 30 August 1993 , " Bartlett " was approved on 26 July 1993 under the terms of the Security Assistance Program for a transfer to Morocco , where she then entered into service with the Moroccan Navy as " Abou El Barakat Al Barbari " .
Venancio Flores Venancio Flores Barrios ( 18 May 1808 – 19 February 1868 ) was a Uruguayan political leader and general . Flores was President of Uruguay from 1854 to 1855 ( interim ) and from 1865 to 1868 . Background and early career . In 1839 , he was made political chief of the department of San José . He fought in the " Guerra Grande " against Manuel Oribe and his Argentinian backers . He became a leading figure in the Colorado party and formed a triumvirate with Fructuoso Rivera and Juan Antonio Lavalleja in 1853 . First Presidency of Uruguay ( interim ) . He served as interim President of Uruguay and remained in power until 1855 , after which he moved to Argentina . Civil war role . In 1863 , he started a rebellion against the Blanco president Bernardo Berro , which led to civil war in Uruguay . With Argentinian and Brazilian help , by February , 1865 he had taken Montevideo . Second Presidency of Uruguay . He established a provisional government , a term used to disguise his personal dictatorship . Although the Uruguayan Colorado Party has the reputation of being progressive and democratic , Flores and other Colorado Party leaders of the 19th century , and many prominent 20th century Colorado leaders , collectively demonstrated by their actions that they were comfortable with rule by decree , with power not unusually concentrated in very few people . The tendency of some observers to describe Latin American heads of state who ruled by decree as ' de facto ' Presidents may be seen in this light . During his rule , Flores joined Brazil and Argentina in the devastating Paraguayan War . Flores ' s government ended on February 15 , 1868 . Assassination . Four days after stepping down as President , he was murdered by a group of unidentified assassins . But although Flores ' killers were not formally identified , it may be added that as a background to his assassination is the intermittent Uruguayan civil war which continued throughout much of the 19th century between Colorados and Blancos . Legacy . The Flores Department was named after Venancio Flores by a later Colorado Party ( Uruguay ) President of Uruguay , Máximo Santos . More broadly , his period of office continued a tendency already present among at least some Colorado Party ( Uruguay ) Presidents but surviving virtually to contemporary times , for the national leadership under that party to be nominally liberal in doctrine but actually highly authoritarian . In this sense , Flores was definitely in the ' Riverista ' mold , after Fructuoso Rivera , rather than in what would much later be referred to as a ' Batllista ' , after the liberal José Batlle y Ordóñez .
HMS Swiftsure ( 1804 ) HMS Swiftsure was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched from Bucklers Hard on 23 July 1804 . She fought at Trafalgar . The French 74 - gun ship " Swiftsure " also took part in the battle . She had originally been a British ship , but was captured by the French in 1801 . It was a myth at the time that the " Swiftsure " sailed faster at night . " Swiftsure " became a receiving ship in 1819 , and was eventually sold out of the service in 1845 .
313th Airlift Squadron The 313th Airlift Squadron ( 313 AS ) is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron , assigned to the 446th Operations Group , stationed at McChord Field , Joint Base Lewis - McChord , Washington . It is a corollary unit of the active duty 7th Airlift Squadron , 62d Airlift Wing ( 62 AW ) . Overview . The mission of the 313th AS consists of airlift , aerial delivery , and aerial refueling on a worldwide basis , flying the C - 17 Globemaster jet transport . The majority of the airlift mission is conducted in the Pacific and Alaska ; however , missions are also flown to Europe , Africa , and South America . History . Activated in late 1943 as a C - 47 Skytrain troop carrier squadron , trained under I Troop Carrier Command in the United States . Was not deployed until the spring of 1945 to England , being assigned to the IX Troop Carrier Command , Ninth Air Force . Was not used in combat operations , however did transport supplies and equipment to the front - line ground forces primarily into Germany and evacuated casualties to rear areas . Returned to the United States in September 1945 and was a transport squadron for Continental Air Forces until its inactivation in September 1946 . Redesignated as the 313th Troop Carrier Squadron September 1 , 1957 , the unit transferred to Portland International Airport , Oregon . The squadron flew the C - 46 and the C - 119 Flying Boxcar , and in September 1958 flew the first Reserve mission outside the continental United States taking a R - 33 engine to Elmendorf AFB , Alaska . The squadron was ordered to active service for a month in 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis . It became part of the 939th Troop Carrier Group in 1963 and was redesignated the 313th Tactical Airlift Squadron July 1 , 1967 . July 25 , 1968 , the squadron transferred to McChord AFB , Wash . , where it was redesignated as the 313th Military Airlift Squadron as part of the 939th Military Airlift Group . At McChord , it flew the C - 141A Starlifter and with a global strategic mission , 313th aircrews saw much service providing airlift to Southeast Asia . The 313th Military Airlift Squadron was awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award in June 1970 and the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm in January 1973 . A second Air Force Outstanding Unit Award was awarded June 1974 following participation in Operation Nickel Grass in defense of Israel . It became part of the 446th Military Airlift Wing in July 1973 . The 313th Airlift Squadron has also received numerous safety awards and has recently completed 39 years and more than 168 , 000 hours of accident - free flying .
Napoleon B . Thistlewood Napoleon Bonaparte Thistlewood ( 30 March 1837 – 15 September 1915 ) was a U . S . Representative from the state of Illinois . Biography . Napoleon Thistlewood was born in Kent County , Delaware , near the town of Harrington . He attended the public schools in that area . In 1858 he moved to Mason , Illinois , and engaged in mercantile pursuits . Thistlewood served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . After the war he returned to Mason and resumed business pursuits . He later moved to Cairo , Illinois , where he served two terms as that city ' s mayor , 1879 - 1883 and 1897 - 1901 . He died in Cairo in 1915 . He was interred in Beech Grove Cemetery , Mounds , Illinois . Military and government service . Thistlewood enlisted in the Union Army in 1862 and served as captain of Company C , Ninety - eighth Regiment , Illinois Volunteer Infantry . He served in the Army of the Cumberland , in Wilder ' s Brigade , and with Wilson ' s Cavalry Corps . At the conclusion of his second mayoral term in Cairo , Thistlewood was named Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic for Illinois ( 1901 ) . Thistlewood was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the 1907 death of George W . Smith . He was elected to the Sixty - first and Sixty - second Congresses and served from February 1908 to March 1913 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1912 to the Sixty - third Congress . He retired and was a resident of Cairo , Illinois , until his death in that city on 15 September 1915 .
French conquest of Corsica The French conquest of Corsica took place during 1768 and 1769 when the Corsican Republic was occupied by French forces under the command of the Comte de Vaux . France received de jure control of the island of Corsica as a pledge from the Genoese Republic via the Treaty of Versailles in 1768 . Genoa still claimed ownership of the island , although since 1755 , Corsicans had achieved virtual independence and had written a Corsican Constitution ( in Italian ) . After abandoning any hope of recovering Corsica by force , the Genoese chose to sell their rights over the island to France who were keen to gain new territory to replace territory lost during the Seven Years ' War . France ' s initial offensive failed after a significant defeat was suffered at the Battle of Borgo in October 1768 . France dispatched large numbers of reinforcements , swelling the size of their army there to 24 , 000 . The Corsican army suffered a major setback at the Battle of Ponte Novu and the French forces soon overran the island although Corsican forces were not completely subdued until the following year and sporadic outbreaks of rebellion continued . The French invasion triggered the Corsican Crisis in British politics . Although they sent secret aid to the Corsicans , the British government chose not to act to prevent the island ' s occupation . The leader of the Corsican Republic , Pasquale Paoli , went into exile in Britain where he remained until the French Revolution allowed him to return to Corsica . British troops subsequently intervened in Corsica between 1794 – 1796 , where they created the Anglo - Corsican Kingdom , and in 1814 when they agreed the Treaty of Bastia . Following the Congress of Vienna control of the islands were returned to the restored French monarchs .
AeroVironment Wasp III The Wasp III Small Unmanned Aircraft System is an unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) developed for United States Air Force special operations to provide a small , light - weight vehicle to provide beyond - line - of - sight situational awareness . The aircraft is equipped with two on - board cameras to provide real - time intelligence to its operators . It is also equipped with GPS and an Inertial Navigation System enabling it to operate autonomously from takeoff to recovery . It was designed by AeroVironment Inc . and was first added to the Air Force inventory in 2007 . There are two Wasp variants : the traditional version that lands on land ( " Terra Wasp " ) and a version that lands into the sea or fresh water ( " Aqua Wasp " ) . The Air Force accepted the Wasp AE in late May 2012 , and the U . S . Marine Corps ordered the Wasp AE in January 2013 .
William Cogswell William Cogswell ( August 23 , 1838 – May 22 , 1895 ) was a U . S . Representative from Massachusetts and a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War who was awarded the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general , U . S . Volunteers . Biography . Cogswell was born in Bradford , Massachusetts , to George Cogswell and Abigail ( Parker ) Cogswell . Cogswell ' s father was a well - respected surgeon and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Republican party . Abigail ' s mother died when he was about 7 years old . Education . Cogswell attended Atkinson Academy in Atkinson , New Hampshire , Kimball Union Academy in Meriden , New Hampshire , Phillips Academy in Andover , Massachusetts , and Dartmouth College in Hanover , New Hampshire . Cogswell entered Dartmouth in 1855 , he left Dartmouth soon after and from 1856 to 1857 he went on a voyage around the world , spending two years before the mast as a sailor . When Cogswell returned from his voyage he entered Harvard Law School . Law practice . On September 8 , 1860 Cogswell was admitted to the bar in Essex County , Massachusetts . He worked for a while in the office of Attorney William D . Northend , and in April 1861 Cogswell opened his own office in Salem , Massachusetts . Military service . Cogswell was a private in the Second Corps of Cadets , a militia organization of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . Cogswell served in the Second Corps of Cadets during the winter of 1860 – 1861 . On April 19 , 1861 , word reached Salem that the Sixth Massachusetts had been attacked in Baltimore , Maryland while on its way to defend Washington , D . C . Cogswell turned his office into a recruiting station and in 24 hours raised a full company , the first company in the country recruited for the war . This became Company C of the Second Massachusetts Volunteers with Cogswell as Captain in command . Cogswell was commissioned a captain in the Second Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment , May 11 , 1861 . He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on October 23 , 1862 , and to colonel on June 25 , 1863 . Colonel Cogswell was brevetted Brigadier General of Volunteers by appointment of the President on December 12 , 1864 to rank from December 15 , 1864 , and the award of this honorary grade was confirmed by the U . S . Senate on February 14 , 1865 . Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General Cogswell was mustered out of the U . S . Volunteers on July 24 , 1865 . Return to the practice of law . After the Civil War Cogswell resumed the practice of his profession . Political activities . He served as mayor of Salem 1867 – 1869 , 1873 , and 1874 . He served as member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1870 , 1871 , and 1881 – 1883 . He served in the Massachusetts State Senate in 1885 and 1886 . He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1892 . Congressional service . Cogswell was elected as a Republican to the 50th United States Congress and to the four succeeding congresses and served from March 4 , 1887 , until his death in Washington , D . C . , May 22 , 1895 . He was interred in Harmony Grove Cemetery , Salem , Massachusetts .
HMAS Lonsdale ( naval base ) HMAS " Lonsdale " was a Royal Australian Navy training establishment , located at Beach Street , Port Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Originally named " Cerberus III " , the Naval Reserve Base was commissioned as HMAS " Lonsdale " on 1 August 1940 during the Second World War . HMAS " Lonsdale " was closed down in 1992 .
Willie Sandlin Willie Sandlin ( January 1 , 1890 – May 29 , 1949 ) was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I . Biography . Sergeant Willie Sandlin was born near Buckhorn in Perry County . He was the only Kentuckian to receive the Congressional Medal Of Honor in World War I . Of all the American servicemen who fought during the Great War , only Sergeant Alvin C York received more decorations for valor than Sandlin . Born of humble parents , he had the misfortune to lose his mother when he was a small boy . He grew to manhood with few advantages . At an early age he enlisted in the United States Regular Army . The hardships of youth had taught him well the lesson of taking care of himself . Straight as an arrow , with keen , alert , but steady black eyes , black hair , powerfully muscular , but not heavy built , he was a splendid type of the sturdy men who come from the Kentucky mountain counties . He was not assertive , but almost timid . But his mother was an Abner , and the Abners were among the sturdiest , most reliant stock of the old time families in Perry County . His quick black eyes and muscular frame came from his mother . He enlisted in the army in 1914 and served on the Mexican border . In 1917 he was sent to France with the 132d Infantry . Promoted to sergeant , Sandlin single - handedly destroyed three German machine gun emplacements and killed twenty - four of the enemy on September 26 , 1918 , at Bois de Forges . For that action , he was awarded the congressional Medal of Honor on July 9 , 1919 . After the war , Sandlin returned to East Kentucky and bought a farm on Owls Nest Creek near Hyden . He and his wife , the former Belvia Roberts , were active in the Frontier Nursing Service . They had one son and four daughters . Sandlin , then 59 , died on May 29 , 1949 , of a lingering lung infection resulting from a poison gas attack on his company in the Battle of the Argonne . He was buried in Hurricane Cemetery near Hyden . In September 1990 his remains were reburied in the Zachary Taylor National Cemetery in Louisville . Willie ' s wife , Belvia Roberts Sandlin , lived to be 96 years old . She died on February 11 , 1999 . Belvia was 47 years age when Willie died . She never married again . Their love and respect had lasted their lifetime on this earth . In 2000 , the family of Willie Sandlin donated his Medal of Honor to the Kentucky Military History Museum in Frankfort . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Army , Company A , 132d Infantry , 33d Division . Place and date : At Bois - de - Forges , France , 26 September 1918 . Entered service at : Hyden , Ky . Birth : Jackson , Ky . G . O . No . : 16 , W . D . , 1919 . Citation :
Rudolf Schoenert Rudolf Schoenert ( 27 July 1911 – 30 November 1985 ) was the seventh highest scoring night fighter flying ace in the German Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . After five years in the Merchant Navy , Schoenert began flight training in 1933 and went on to fly commercial aircraft for Lufthansa . He was commissioned as a " Leutnant " in the Luftwaffe ' s Reserve in 1938 and in June 1941 joined 4 . / Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 ( NJG 1 — 1st Night Fighter Wing ) at Bergen in northern Holland . He gained his first victories on 9 July 1941 and by 25 July 1942 his total stood at 22 and he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross . Schoenert is universally recognised as the driving force behind the introduction of upward - firing armament in night fighter aircraft , the first prototype of which he introduced into his own Dornier Do - 17 in 1942 . The concept , dubbed " Schräge Musik " was initially rejected by Helmut Lent and Werner Streib . " Oberfeldwebel " Paul Mahle , an armourer attached to II . / Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 ( NJG 5 — 5th Night Fighter Wing ) at Parchim , worked closely with Rudolf Schoenert and built his own working prototype of " Schräge Musik " , which was soon fitted to all of the Gruppe ' s aircraft . Schoenert claimed the first aerial victory with upward - firing guns in May 1943 . By August he was flying with Nachtjagdgeschwader 100 ( NJG 100 — 100th Night Fighter Wing ) over the Eastern Front , claiming some 30 Soviet night raiders by early 1944 . During a sortie east of the Elbe on 27 April 1945 , an electrical fault rendered Schonert ' s radar unserviceable and his Junkers Ju 88 G was shot down by an Royal Air Force ( RAF ) Mosquito . He survived and was rescued by German troops . Surviving the war , Schoenert was credited with 65 aerial victories claimed in 376 combat missions , including 35 Soviet flown aircraft , and was a holder of the Oak Leaves to the Knight ' s Cross . Schoenert ' s radio and wireless operator was " Oberfeldwebel " Johannes Richter .
Modest Romiszewski Modest Romiszewski ( 1861 - 1930 ) was born in Warsaw on 1861 - 02 - 29 . Son of Russian army general Władysław Romiszewski and Anna Dżakeli . Reached the rank of general in 1913 . Since 1918 - 12 - 29 general in the Polish army ( Wojsko Polskie ) . A military theorist , transferred to reserve on 1921 - 05 - 06 . Died on 1930 - 10 - 07 in Warsaw , buried at Powązki Cemetery there . Married , had 4 children .
German submarine U - 287 German submarine " U - 287 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 8 August 1942 at the " Bremer Vulkan " yard at Bremen - Vegesack as ' werk ' 52 . She was launched on 13 August 1943 and commissioned on 22 September under the command of " Oberleutnant " Heinrich Meyer . She did not sink or damage any ships . She was sunk by a mine in May 1945 in the Elbe estuary . ( Other sources say she was scuttled ) . Service history . " U - 287 " served with the 24th U - boat Flotilla for training from September 1943 to February 1945 and operationally with the 31st flotilla from 1 March . The boat ' s only patrol was preceded by two short voyages from Kiel in April 1945 to Horten and Kristiansand in Norway ( the former being located northeast of Kristiansand ) . Patrol and loss . The boat departed Kristiansand on 29 April 1945 and was sunk by a mine on 16 May - other sources say she was scuttled in the Attenbuch roadstead ( see above ) .