naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ouvrage Plan Caval Ouvrage Plan Caval is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line , also known as the Little Maginot Line . The ouvrage consists of two infantry blocks and one observation block facing Italy . The " ouvrage " is located on the heights of L ' Authion , surrounded by older fortifications . Three additional blocks were planned to make it a " gros ouvrage " but were not built . Cost for the full ensemble was estimated at 23 million francs . The " ouvrage " consists of three blocks facing Italy at an altitude of . The " ouvrage " was manned by 287 soldiers in 1940 , under the command of Captain Philipp . Plan - Caval was located to control the Maglia and Cayros valleys , as well as providing flanking cover the La Béole and Saint - Véran . An extensive set of underground barracks and magazines near the uncompleted entrances was never started , so that the " ouvrage " as constructed consists mostly of a single narrow gallery connecting the combat blocks . Description . Plan Caval is also associated with a nearby casemate with one machine gun embrasure and one advance post bunker . The advanced post is a small blockhouse with three machine gun embrasures . Other , older fortifications exist in the same neighborhood . The Batterie du Plan Caval and its associated barracks are immediately to the west of the " ouvrage " .
German submarine U - 137 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 137 " was a Type IID U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 16 November 1939 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel . She was launched on 18 May 1940 and commissioned on 15 June 1940 with " Oberleutnant zur See " Herbert Wohlfarth in command . " U - 137 " conducted four patrols , sinking six ships totalling and damaged one vessel of 4 , 917 GRT . She also damaged one auxiliary warship of 10 , 552 GRT . She was scuttled shortly before Germany ' s surrender on 2 May 1945 at Wilhelmshaven . " U - 137 " never suffered any casualties to her crew . Operational career . 1st patrol . " U - 137 " made the short journey from Kiel to Stavanger in Norway in September 1940 . It was from the Nordic port that she began her first patrol on the 21st . Her route took her through the ' gap ' between the Faroe and Shetland Islands and on in to the Atlantic west of Scotland and Ireland . She sank the " Manchester Brigade " west of Malin Head on the 26th and damaged the " Ashantian " on the same date . The ship had been abandoned by her crew ; the master and eight crew - members had returned to the vessel where the master was scandalized to see that the ship had been looted following the presence of a boarding party from the armed trawler HMS " Wolves " . " Ashantian " was repaired and returned to service in September 1941 . She was sunk in April 1943 . Continuing her success , the U - boat sank the " Stratford " , in the same general area as her other victims , also on the 26th . " U - 137 " arrived at Lorient on the French Atlantic coast , on 29 September . 2nd patrol . The Armed Merchant Cruiser HMS " Cheshire " was torpedoed northwest of Ireland on 14 October 1940 . The ship was towed to Belfast Lough and then moved to Liverpool for repairs that took six months . Having set off from Lorient on 9 October , the boat returned there on the 17th . 3rd patrol . Sortie number three commenced with " U - 137 " s departure from Lorient on 3 November 1940 and returning to her old hunting grounds west of Scotland and north of Ireland . Her run of victories continued , sinking the " Cape St . Andrew " west northwest of Aran Island on the 13th ; the " Planter " on the 16th north northwest of Bloody Foreland and two ships on the same day , from the same convoy ( HG - 46 ) , the " Veronica " and the " Saint Germain " north northwest of Tory Island on 17 November . The submarine steamed to Norway , again round the British Isles , docking in Bergen , on 22 November . 4th patrol . The boat ' s last operational patrol was to the north of the Shetland Islands , but she did not attack any targets . She then moved from Bergen to Helsingör in Denmark and on to Kiel , arriving there on 29 August 1941 . Fate . " U - 137 " became a ' school ' ( or training ) boat in December 1940 , a position she would hold for the rest of the war . She was one of many that were scuttled in the " Raederschleuse " ( a lock named after the Grand Admiral ) , in Wilhelmshaven , on 2 May 1945 . The wreck was broken up , although the post - war date is unknown . Summary of raiding History . * Survived the war .
Principality of Taranto The Principality of Taranto was a state in southern Italy created in 1088 for Bohemond I , eldest son of Robert Guiscard , as part of the peace between him and his younger brother Roger Borsa after a dispute over the succession to the Duchy of Apulia . Taranto became the capital of the principality , which covered almost all of the heel of Apulia . During its subsequent 377 years of history , it was sometimes a powerful and almost independent feudal fief of the Kingdom of Sicily ( and later of Naples ) , sometimes only a title , often given to the heir to the crown or to the husband of a reigning queen . When the House of Anjou was divided , Taranto fell to the house of Durazzo ( 1394 – 1463 ) . Ferdinand I of Naples united the Principality of Taranto to the Kingdom of Naples at the death of his wife , Isabella of Taranto . The principality came to an end , but the kings of Naples continued giving the title of Prince of Taranto to their sons , firstly to the future Alfonso II of Naples , eldest son of Isabella .
USS Whiting ( SS - 433 ) USS " Whiting " ( SS - 433 ) , a proposed World War II " Balao " - class submarine , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the " Merlangius merlangus " or " whiting " , a small European food fish . Her construction by the Cramp Shipbuilding Company in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , was authorized but the contract for her construction was cancelled on 29 July 1944 .
18th Virginia Cavalry The 18th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought with the Army of Northern Virginia , in southwest Virginia , and in the Shenandoah Valley . 18th Cavalry Regiment was organized in December , 1862 . Most of its members had served in the 1st Regiment Virginia Partisan Rangers ( subsequently the 62nd Virginia Infantry Regiment ) . The unit was assigned to Imboden ' s and W . L . Jackson ' s Brigade and after the participating in the Gettysburg Campaign , skirmished the Federals in western Virginia . Later it served in the Shenandoah Valley and disbanded during April , 1865 . The field officers were Colonel George W . Imboden , Lieutenant Colonel David E . Beall , and Major Alexander W . Monroe .
USS Porpoise ( SP - 4 ) USS " Porpoise " ( SP - 4 ) was probably a motorboat or yacht which the United States Navy at least considered for service – and may have placed in service – during World War I as a patrol vessel . " Porpoise " received one of the earliest section patrol numbers , indicating that she was a privately owned motorboat or yacht which the U . S . Navy during 1916 or early 1917 at least considered for World War I service as a patrol vessel . No records have been found describing " Porpoise " s construction , acquisition , naval service ( if any ) , or physical characteristics and performance ; her records may have been lost or destroyed . She may have seen active naval service , although some boats which received section patrol numbers were never commissioned or , in some cases , never even acquired by the Navy , so it also is possible that the lack of records reflects a lack of naval service for " Porpoise " .
Battle of Sinsheim The Battle of Sinsheim was a victory of the Vicomte de Turenne , over forces from the Holy Roman Empire on June 16 , 1674 , during the Franco - Dutch War . The battle was fought in Sinsheim ( southeast of Heidelberg ) , not Sinzheim ( near Baden - Baden ) as it is often presumed . Context . In 1674 , while the bulk of French forces are mobilized in the Netherlands ( with Conde ) and Franche - Comté ( with Louis XIV ) , Turenne is responsible for holding back the Imperial forces on the Rhine . He takes up position in the Alsace with his very limited forces . Disagreeing with the strategy of Louis XIV , he sees the Alsace as a strategically important location and wants to avoid the danger of an invasion at any price . He therefore decides to attack rather than defend , to prevent the war coming to the Alsace . Departing from Haguenau , he crosses the Rhine near Philippsburg on a pontoon bridge , with 6000 cavalry and 1500 infantry . He covers 160 km in five days to catch up with the Lorraine force under Aeneas de Caprara ( 7000 cavalry and 2000 infantry ) and to prevent their union with the Imperial army under Alexander von Bournonville . In this way , Turenne forces Caprara to do battle on June 16 at Sinsheim . The Battle . Caprara aligned his infantry along the hedgerows and gardens at the entrance of the village . Turenne deployed his infantry and his dragoons on foot . They forced the outposts , crossed the Elsanz and entered Sinsheim . The Imperials retreated through the village and fell back on the plateau behind the village . To reach the plateau , the French must climb a narrow passage . Turenne positions infantry and dragoons in the hedgerows flanking the narrow passage , as well as in the castle and in the vineyard . The French cavalry can now advance through the passage . An enemy counter - attack is stopped by the covering fire of the French infantry . The Imperials are repelled from the plateau and withdraw . Turenne immediately left Sinsheim to monitor the bulk of the imperial army , stationed on the Moselle . There are 2 000 to 3 000 deaths , according to sources . The city is completely destroyed . Aftermath . The battle was only a limited success for Turenne , because both enemy forces succeeded in uniting near Heidelberg . On July 1 , the Elector of Brandenburg also takes up arms against France , and the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg declares war . Turenne again crossed the Rhine and ravaged the Palatinate ( July 1674 ) , depriving the Imperials the resources to attack the Alsace .
Battle of Wadi al - Laban The Battle of Wadi al - Laban , also Battle of Oued el Leben , occurred in March – April 1558 between Morocco and Ottoman forces under Hasan Pasha , the son of Hayreddin Barbarossa . The battle was rather inconclusive , and occurred north of Fes , at Wadi al - Laban ( " The river of milk " ) , an afluent of the Sebou River , one day north of Fes . The conflict was initiated when the Moroccan ruler Mohammed ash - Sheikh refused to give allegiance to the Ottomans . The Moroccan ruler had formed an alliance with the Spanish against the Ottomans . Hasan Pasha , the son of Barbarossa , was named by the Ottoman Empire " beylerbey " of the Regency of Algiers in June 1557 , in order to continue the fight against the Moroccan ruler . He had Mohammed ash - Sheikh assassinated in October 1557 by one of his body guards . Hasan Pasha then invaded Morroco in early 1558 , but he was stopped by the Morroccans north of Fez at the battle of Wadi al - Laban . The battle was rather indecisive , and Hasan Pasha had to retreat upon hearing of Spanish preparations for an offensive from Oran . He re - embarked from the port of Qassasa in northern Morocco , just west of Melilla , and from there returned to Algiers to prepare a defense against the Spaniards , who soon attacked in the Mostaganem expedition .
James Barnum James Barnum ( 1816 – unknown ) was a boatswain ’ s mate in the United States Navy stationed aboard the Union ironclad during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the First and Second Battle of Fort Fisher in December 1864 and January 1865 . Medal of Honor citation . " The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Boatswain ' s Mate James Barnum , United States Navy , for extraordinary heroism in action board the U . S . S . " New Ironsides " during action in several attacks on Fort Fisher , North Carolina , 24 and 25 December 1864 ; and on 13 , 14 , and 15 January 1865 . The ship steamed in and took the lead in the ironclad division close in shore and immediately opened its starboard battery in a barrage of well - directed fire to cause several fires and explosions and dismount several guns during the first two days of fighting . Taken under fire as she steamed into position on 13 January , the " New Ironsides " fought all day and took on ammunition at night despite severe weather conditions . When the enemy came out of his bombproofs to defend the fort against the storming party , the ship ' s battery disabled nearly every gun on the fort facing the shore before the cease - fire orders were given by the flagship . Boatswain ' s Mate Barnum was commended for highly meritorious conduct during this period . " General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : December 24 – 25 , 1864 and January 13 – 15 , 1865 Service : Navy Rank : Boatswain ’ s Mate Division : U . S . S . " New Ironsides "
Aviation combat element In the United States Marine Corps , the aviation combat element or air combat element ( ACE ) is the air arm of the Marine Air - Ground Task Force ( MAGTF ) . It provides rotary - wing , tiltrotor , and fixed - wing aircraft , support equipment , pilots , maintenance personnel , as well as command and control assets to the commander . Role within the MAGTF . The majority of aircraft usage within the MAGTF is for close air support or transport for the ground combat element ( GCE ) or logistics combat element ( LCE ) , however , other specialized missions are available . The six main functions include : assault support , anti - air warfare , offensive air support , electronic warfare , control of aircraft and missiles , and aerial reconnaissance . Organization . The size of the ACE varies in proportion to the size of the MAGTF . A Marine Expeditionary Force has a Marine Aircraft Wing or MAW . A Marine Expeditionary Brigade holds a Marine Aircraft Group or MAG , reinforced with a variety of aircraft squadrons and support personnel . The various Marine Expeditionary Unit s command a reinforced squadron , with various types of aircraft mixed into a single unit ( known as a " composite squadron " ) . Generally , MEF postings are permanent , while MEBs and MEUs rotate their ACE , GCE , and LCE twice annually . 1st and 3rd Marine Aircraft Wings are unique in that they are subordinate to III MEF and I MEF , respectively , while all other equivalent units numerical designators match the MEF to which attached . Hierarchy of Marine Aviation units . 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . ACE of III Marine Expeditionary Force 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing . ACE of II Marine Expeditionary Force 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing . ACE of I Marine Expeditionary Force 4th Marine Aircraft Wing . ACE of Marine Forces Reserve
Willibald Utz Willibald Utz ( 20 January 1893 – 20 April 1954 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Marie - Jean - Lucien Lacaze Marie - Jean - Lucien Lacaze ( 22 June 1860 , Pierrefonds , Oise – 23 March 1955 , Paris ) was a French admiral , minister of Marine , préfet maritime and académicien . Lacaze was born in Pierrefonds , Oise to a physician of Réunion , where he spent his youth . He studied in France with the Jesuits , and joined the École Navale in 1879 . Lacaze served as " capitaine de vaisseau " in Senegal , India and Viet - Nam . He was naval attaché in Rome and chief of staff to Admiral Germinet . He then took command of the " Masséna " , before serving as chief of cabinet to minister of the Navy Théophile Delcassé . During the First World War , Lacaze lead a division of the Mediterranean fleet , and organised part of the Dardanelles Campaign . Lacaze was made Minister of the Navy in October 1915 , and he retained the office until 1917 . He then went on to serve as préfet maritime of Toulon . After retiring in 1922 , Lacaze was elected to the Académie française on 12 November 1936 , obtaining Jules Cambon ' s seat ( seat n°40 ) .
Michael A . Sheehan Michael A . Sheehan ( born February 10 , 1955 ) is a United States author and former government official and military officer . He was born in Red Bank , New Jersey . Education . Sheehan graduated from Christian Brothers Academy in New Jersey in 1973 and the United States Military Academy ( West Point ) in 1977 . Sheehan has a Master of Science in Foreign Service from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service as well as one from the United States Army Command and General Staff College . Military career . He served as an officer in the infantry and Special Forces . He had several overseas assignments , as a commander of a " counter - terrorism " unit in Panama , a counterinsurgency advisor in El Salvador , an infantry company commander in Korea , and on peacekeeping duty in Somalia and Haiti . Also while on active duty , he served in the White House on the National Security Council staff for Presidents George H . W . Bush and Bill Clinton . Department of State . In 1998 , he was appointed Coordinator for Counterterrorism with the rank and status of Ambassador - at - Large at the United States Department of State and was confirmed by the United States Senate for this position in 1999 . Following an assignment as Assistant - Secretary - General at the United Nations in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations ( 2001 to 2003 ) , Sheehan served as Deputy Commissioner of Counter Terrorism for the New York City Police Department until May 2006 . Life after diplomatic service . Sheehan then served as President and co - founder of Lexington Security Group , an international consulting firm that specializes in providing international law enforcement , internal security , and national defense organizations with strategic guidance , unit training , and individual mentoring to manage emerging security challenges . He was a partner in Torch Hill Investment Partners , a private equity group in New York City that specializes in the defense , intelligence and security sectors . He was also a terrorism analyst for NBC News and a fellow at New York University ' s Center on Law and Security . Return to federal service . The White House nominated Sheehan to become Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict on Nov . 1 , 2011 . The U . S . Senate Senate Armed Services Committee held his confirmation hearing on Nov . 17 , 2011 , and he was confirmed by a voice vote on Dec . 17 , 2011 . Author . Sheehan is the author of the book " Crush the Cell : How to Defeat Terrorism Without Terrorizing Ourselves " ISBN 978 - 0 - 307 - 38217 - 7 After the attempted bombing in Times Square , Mr . Sheehan concluded the terrorist was a ' lone wolf ' and wrote so in the New York Times . However , experts in the field have concluded that he was part of a terrorist group based in Pakistan .
USS Silversides ( SSN - 679 ) USS " Silversides " ( SSN - 679 ) , a " Sturgeon " - class attack submarine , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the silverside , a small fish marked with a silvery stripe along each side of its body . Construction and commissioning . The contract to build " Silversides " was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton , Connecticut , on 25 June 1968 and her keel was laid down on 13 October 1969 . She was launched on 4 June 1971 , sponsored by Mrs . John H . Chafee , wife of then - Secretary of the Navy John H . Chafee ( 1922 – 1999 ) , and commissioned on 5 May 1972 with Commander John E . Allen in command . Service history . Following shakedown in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean , " Silversides " began operations in the Atlantic with her home port at Naval Station Charleston at Charleston , South Carolina . " Silversides " went into drydock at Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth , Virginia , in January 1977 , at which time her home port was changed from Charleston to Naval Station Norfolk at Norfolk , Virginia . On 11 October 1981 , " Silversides " surfaced at the North Pole for the first time . In the autumn of 1984 , " Silversides " left Norfolk for a scheduled refueling overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton , Washington , entering drydock there in late November 1984 . The refueling overhaul was completed in August 1986 , and later in 1986 she returned to Norfolk . In the autumn of 1989 , " Silversides " departed Norfolk and voyaged north into the Arctic , surfaced at the North Pole for the second time , proceeded out of the Arctic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean , participated in United States Pacific Fleet exercises , made port calls in Hawaii and California , and returned to Norfolk via the Panama Canal , becoming only the second submarine to circumnavigate North America . In Jan 1994 , " Silversides " home port was changed from Norfolk to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii , in anticipation of her decommissioning there . Decommissioning and disposal . " Silversides " was decommissioned at Pearl Harbor on 21 July 1994 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day . Her scrapping via the Nuclear - Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard began on 1 October 2000 and was completed on 1 October 2001 .
List of French Navy ship names This is a list of traditional French Navy ship names , along with notices for notable units . Only name borne by several ships are listed ( for instance , the " Charles De Gaulle " or the " Améthyste " are important present ships , but the names have been introduced in the recent past ) ZED
Choma ( fortress ) Choma ( ) was a Byzantine fortress in central Anatolia , which played an important role in the fight against the Seljuk Turks in the late 11th and 12th centuries . Choma was located in the upper valley of the Maeander River in Phrygia . After the Battle of Manzikert , it became an isolated Byzantine outpost surrounded by Turkish - controlled territory . Its troops , the so - called " Chomatenoi " ( Χωματηνοί ) , figure frequently in the campaigns of Nikephoros III Botaneiates ( r . 1078 – 1081 ) and Alexios I Komnenos ( r . 1081 – 1118 ) . Due to its strategic location on one of the roads leading to the interior of Anatolia , it became a major base of operations for the Komnenian emperors ' campaigns to push back the Turks . In the 12th century , it formed its own district , that of " Choma and Cappadocia " , under a " toparches " . Choma remained under constant Turkish threat throughout the 12th century . Emperor Isaac II Angelos ( r . 1185 – 1195 , 1203 – 1204 ) refortified it in 1193 , and renamed it Angelokastron ( ) after his dynasty . Choma finally fell to the Turks a short time after the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 . The fortress of Soublaion , located nearby , which was rebuilt by Emperor Manuel I Komnenos ( r . 1143 – 1180 ) in 1175 but abandoned after the Battle of Myriokephalon , used to be identified by earlier scholars with Choma .
Robert Murray ( 1689 – 1738 ) Brigadier - General Robert Murray ( 7 January 1689 – 25 March 1738 ) was a Scottish soldier and Member of Parliament , the third son of Charles Murray , 1st Earl of Dunmore and younger brother of John Murray , 2nd Earl of Dunmore . Background . After service with the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards , he was colonel of the 37th Regiment of Foot from 1722 to 1735 and of the 38th Regiment of Foot from 1735 to his death . He was MP for Wootton Bassett from 1722 to 1727 and for Great Bedwyn from 1734 to 1738 .