naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Empire Blessing Empire Blessing was a cargo ship which was built in 1943 by Bartram & Sons Ltd , Sunderland . She was built for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and operated under the management of W Runciman & Co Ltd . In March 1945 , " Empire Blessing " struck a mine in the River Scheldt and sank . Description . " Empire Blessing " was a 7 , 064 GRT cargo ship . She was built by Bartram & Sons Ltd , Sunderland , as yard number 298 . The ship was launched on 1 October 1943 and completed in January 1944 . She was long , with a beam of and a depth of . The ship was powered by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . It was manufactured by Worthington Simpson Ltd , Newark on Trent . Career . " Empire Blessing " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . Convoy ON 220 sailed from Loch Ewe on 15 January 1944 , bound for Canada and the United States . " Empire Blessing " set off in the convoy , but returned to Loch Ewe . Convoy ONS 29 sailed from Oban on 13 February 1944 , bound for Canada and the United States . Convoy HX 291 departed Halifax , Nova Scotia on 10 May 1944 and arrived at Liverpool on 27 May . " Empire Blessing " was carrying a cargo of sugar and was bound for the Inverness Firth to await further orders . " Empire Blessing " was involved in the Normandy Landings in June 1944 . On 19 March 1945 , " Empire Blessing " struck a mine in the River Scheldt at Knocke , Belgium ( ) and sank . On 13 February 1954 , ( formerly " Empire Seablue " ) struck the wreck of " Empire Blessing " and was holed . Although attempts were made to beach " Seablue " , she sank west south west of Vlissingen , Netherlands . Official Numbers and Code Letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Blessing " had the UK Official Number 180054 and used the Code Letters GCTW .
Battle of Issy The Battle of Issy was a skirmish fought on 3 July 1815 at the village of Issy , a short distance south west of Paris . The result was a victory for Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher over a French army defending Paris . Prelude . After the French defeat at the Battle of Waterloo , the armies of the Duke of Wellington and Blucher and other Seventh Coalition forces advanced upon Paris . Although a Prussian brigade was defeated in a skirmish at Rocquencourt near Versailles , the movement of the Prussians to the right was not checked . The Prussian I Corps under the command of General Zieten advanced on the 2 July towards the heights of Meudon and Châtillon and fought a sharp battle for the possession of Sèvres , Moulineaux , and Issy . Battle . On the 3 July Vandamme led out two strong columns of infantry , supported by cavalry and a formidable train of artillery , and seemed bent on retaking the ground which had been lost on the previous day . For though the French greatly exceeded the Prussians in numbers , they failed to take the village of Issy , and after much firing fell back in disorder . The French were pursued by the Prussian skirmishers up to the outer defences of Paris . Aftermath . Issy was the final attempt of the French Army to defend Paris and , with this defeat , all hope of holding Paris faded . Napoleon Bonaparte had already announced his abdication ( 24 June 1815 ) ; unable to remain in France or escape from it , on 15 July he surrendered himself to Captain Maitland of HMS " Bellerophon " and was transported to England . The full restoration of Louis XVIII followed the emperor ’ s departure . Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of Saint Helena where he died in May 1821 .
Benjamin Jaurès Constant Louis Jean Benjamin Jaurès ( 1823 , Albi , Tarn - 1889 ) was a 19th - century French Admiral and Senator , who was active in Japan during the Bombardment of Shimonoseki ( 1863 ) and the Boshin war ( 1868 – 1869 ) . He became Minister of the Navy and Colonies on 22 February 1889 , in the government of Pierre Tirard . The famous French politician Jean Jaurès was his nephew .
Charles Adams ( Colorado ) Charles Adams , born Charles Schwanbeck ( December 19 , 1845 – August 19 , 1895 ) , was a United States Army officer , US Indian agent , diplomat and businessman . In 1879 he secured the release of five hostages taken captive by the White River Utes after the Meeker Massacre , and held an official inquiry into their treatment . In 1880 he was appointed minister to Bolivia , where he served for two years . Returning to Colorado , he became involved in mining and water development . Early life and education . Born in Pomerania , Germany in 1845 , Charles was the son of Karl Heinrich and Maria J . Mackman Schwanbeck . His family immigrated to the United States after the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany . Career . Schwanbeck fought as a young man in the late years of the American Civil War . After the war he migrated to the Colorado Territory . About 1870 , he was appointed a brigadier general of the Colorado Militia , by when he had changed his surname to Adama . In addition , he was appointed as US Indian Agent to the Ute Tribe , serving through 1874 . There were distinct groups of Utes in Colorado , although settlers often could not distinguish them . Adams dealt primarily with the White Rivers and Uncompahgre Utes . During these years , Adams established good relationships with Chief Ouray and his wife " Chipeta " of the Uncompahgre Utes . This friendship was useful in helping him negotiate the release of five captives ( three women and two children ) taken by the Utes in 1879 after the Meeker Massacre , as part of the White River War . In 1875 Adams was appointed a post office inspector but he also continued with the militia . Marriage and family . Adams dropped the Schwanbeck surname sometime around 1870 , when he married Margaret Thompson Phelps . Diplomat . In 1880 , Adams was appointed the United States minister to Bolivia . In that position , he served as the arbitrator of conferences on the Bolivia and Chile Wars . He remained in that position through 1882 . Returning to Colorado with the change in presidential administrations , Adams became engaged in the manufacture of glass , and mining and mineral water development . He died at the age of 50 in Denver , Colorado , in 1895 . Adams is interred in the Crystal Valley Cemetery in Manitou Springs , Colorado .
War scythe A war scythe is a kind of improvised pole weapon , similar to a fauchard , usually created from standard scythe s . The blade of the scythe is transformed so as to extend upright from the pole , thus forming an infantry weapon practical both in offensive actions against infantry and as a defensive measure against enemy cavalry . History . The scythe , a farming tool , could be easily transformed into an effective infantry weapon . The process usually involved reforging the blade of a scythe at a 90 degree angle , strengthening the joint between the blade and the shaft with an additional metal pipe or bolts and reinforcing the shaft to better protect it against cuts from enemy blades . At times instead of scythe blade , a blade from hand - operated chaff cutter was used . War scythes were a popular weapon of choice and opportunity of many peasant uprisings throughout history . To name just a few examples , ancient Greek historian , Xenophon , describes in his work ( " Anabasis " ) the chariot s of Artaxerxes II , which had projecting scythes fitted . Polish peasants used war scythes during the 17th - century Swedish invasion ( The Deluge ) . In the 1685 battle of Sedgemoor , James Scott , 1st Duke of Monmouth , fielded a 5000 strong peasant unit armed with war scythes . They were used in the 1784 Transylvanian peasants ' Revolt of Horea , Cloşca and Crişan , in the war in the Vendée by royalist peasant troops , in the 1st War of Schleswig in 1848 in Denmark , and again in various Polish uprisings : Kościuszko Uprising in 1794 , when in battle of Racławice scythemen successfully charged and captured Russia n artillery . In that year Chrystian Piotr Aigner published a field manual " Short Treatise on Pikes and Scythes " , detailing the training and operation of scythe - equipped forces , the first and probably the only such book in the history of warfare . War scythes were later used in the November Uprising in 1831 , January Uprising in 1863 and Silesian Uprising in 1921 . The description of a fighting unit as " scythemen " was used in Poland as late as 1939 , however the Gdynia " kosynierzy " were armed with hunting guns rather than with scythes . Specifics . As a pole weapon , the war scythe is characterised by long range and powerful force ( due to lever age ) : there are documented instances where a scythe cut through a metal helmet . They could be used , depending on construction and tactics , to make slashing or stabbing attacks , and with their uncommon appearance and considerable strength could have a psychological impact on an unprepared enemy . However , like most pole weapons , their disadvantages were weight ( which could quickly exhaust the user ) and slow speed .
Battle of Pombal The Battle of Pombal ( March 11 , 1811 ) was a sharp skirmish during Marshal Masséna ' s retreat from the Lines of Torres Vedras , the first in a series of lauded rearguard actions fought by Michel Ney . The French were pursued by Wellington and his British - Portuguese but the Allied advance was energetically contested by Ney ' s efforts , preventing Wellington from crushing Masséna ' s army when it was critically vulnerable . At the Battle of Pombal , Ney turned to face the Anglo - Portuguese forces and inflicted on them a sharp defeat . Background . Unable to break the Lines of Torres Vedras , Ney was given charge of the rear - guard while the main body of the French army withdrew from Portugal . The rear - guard consisted of Mermet ' s and Marchand ' s divisions . From the very beginning , Marshal Ney deceived the ' Iron Duke ' ( Wellington ) , manoeuvring his troops so that Wellington believed that the French were about to return to Torres Vedras , and thus he suspended an offensive operation for several hours , giving Masséna a huge running start . When it became clear to Wellington that he had been deceived , the British - Portuguese left Torres Vedras and began a pursuit . The British caught up with Ney at the town of Pombal . Battle . A British advanced - guard much larger than that of the French , the latter consisting of only two battalions of the 16th Light Infantry , attacked the town of Pombal . The two French battalions were overwhelmed by numbers and , after a bitter struggle , the French were forced out of Pombal . It was then that Ney rushed in and spoke to the sixteenth Light Infantry . “ Chasseurs , ” he said , “ you are losing your beautiful reputation , and you will dishonour yourselves forever if you do not drive the enemy out of Pombal . Come on ! Those who are brave , with me ! ” With these words he galloped towards Pombal and the sixteenth Chasseurs charged with great enthusiasm . The Anglo - Portuguese driven out , all the way to the river Arunca . Several allied soldiers drowned . Aftermath . Despite success , Ney promptly set fire to the town of Pombal and continued his retreat on the right bank of the river Arunca . The next action would be the Battle of Redinha . General Picton was very impressed by Ney ’ s actions , as the former was able to observe the latter ’ s deceiving movements , claiming that it was a ‘ perfect lesson in the art of war ’ .
101st Jäger Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 101st Jäger Division was a German Infantry Division of World War II . It was formed in July 1942 by the redesignation of the 101st Light Infantry Division , which was itself formed in December 1940 . It took part in the Battle of Kharkov , then the Caucasus campaign and the retreat into the Kuban , where it suffered heavy losses fighting both the Red Army and partisans . The division was then involved in the battles around the Kerch Strait , before being evacuated . The 101st was subsequently transferred to the lower Dnieper River in late 1943 . It was part of the 1st Panzer Army that was surrounded in March 1944 , it formed the rear guard for the XLVI Panzer Corps during the breakout . The division then retreated across the Ukraine . In October 1944 , it was moved to Slovakia and took part in the Battle of the Dukla Pass . During the last year of the war it fought in Hungary and Austria , by the end of the war it had been reduced to the size of a Kampfgruppe . Background . The main purpose of the German " Jäger " Divisions was to fight in adverse terrain where smaller , coordinated units were more combat effective than the brute force offered by the standard infantry divisions . The " Jäger " divisions were more heavily equipped than mountain divisions , but not as well armed as a regular infantry division . In the early stages of the war , they were the interface divisions fighting in rough terrain and foothills as well as urban areas between the mountains and the plains . The " Jägers " – which means " hunters " in German – relied on a high degree of training and somewhat superior communications , as well as their not inconsiderable artillery support . In the middle stages of the war , as the standard infantry divisions were downsized , the " Jäger " model with two infantry regiments , came to dominate the standard tables of organization . Adolf Hitler declared in 1943 , that all infantry divisions , except for his elite " Jäger " and Mountain Jaeger formations , were now Grenadier Divisions . Notable members . Willi Heinrich , author of " The Willing Flesh " , which was turned into the movie " The Cross of Iron " , served as a company officer in " Jäger Regiment 228 " .
Peter George Olenchuk Peter George Olenchuk ( died 2000 ) was a Major General in the United States Army . Biography . Originally a native of Bayonne , New Jersey , Olenchuk would graduate from Lebanon Valley College before obtaining a M . D . in Bacteriology from the University of Wisconsin - Madison and a M . D . in Business Administration from George Washington University . He would marry Ruth Clement and have three children . Olenchuk died on October 6 , 2000 in Ogunquit , Maine . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Olenchuk oversaw the controversial Operation CHASE during the 1960s . In 1973 he became Director of Material Acquisition of the Army . Later he became Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Research , Development , and Acquisition . He retired in 1975 . Awards he received include the Army Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Air Medal , and the Joint Service Commendation Medal .
Jacques - Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière , Marquis de la Jonquière Jacques - Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière ( April 18 , 1685 – March 17 , 1752 ) was a French admiral and Governor General of New France from March 1 , 1746 until his death in 1752 . De la Jonquière was born near Albi . He joined the navy when he was twelve , and fought under the Duguay - Trouin and in the Battle of Toulon . In 1746 , he sailed on the famous and ill - fated Duc d ' Anville Expedition . In 1747 , after a brave defence , he was defeated in the Battle of Cape Finisterre by George Anson . As Governor General , he was considered to be a good administrator if not the bravest of men in the political and economic upheavals of the time . The opposite was true of his naval career where his twenty - nine campaigns and nine combats showed a man of great courage . It is widely believed that de la Jonquière personally profited from the monopoly which governed the fur trade at the time , even though his administrative position should have caused him to abstain from that type of commercial activity . He did use his considerable military skills to build up the military strength of New France in the face of an increasing British threat . References . < br >
Battle of Gerberoy The Battle of Gerberoy was fought in 1435 between French and English forces . The French were led by La Hire and Jean Poton de Xaintrailles , who were victorious . La Hire was made captain general of Normandy in 1438 and died at Montauban on 11 January 1443 of an unknown illness .
Louis Rene Gaiennie Louis Rene Gaiennie ( June 9 , 1878 - November 25 , 1942 ) was a United States Marine who earned the Medal of Honor for his actions as part of the China Relief Expedition from July 21 to August 17 , 1900 , in Peking , China , during the Boxer Rebellion . Gaiennie was born in St . Louis , Missouri . Medal of Honor citation . His official Medal of Honor citation reads : In the presence of the enemy during the action at Peking , China , 21 July to 17 August 1900 , Gaiennie distinguished himself by meritorious conduct .
760th Bombardment Squadron The 760th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was to the 460th Bombardment Group , stationed at Natal Airport , Brazil . It was inactivated on 26 September 1945 . History . Activated as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomber squadron in mid - 1943 , it was assigned to the II Bomber Command for training . It trained primarily in New Mexico and Utah . The squadron received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in August 1943 . It moved to Georgia and Virginia where it flew coastal patrol missions over the southeast US , between October 1943 and January 1944 while its station in Italy was being constructed . It deployed to Southern Italy and entered combat in January 1944 ; being assigned to the Fifteenth Air Force 55th Bombardment Wing . It was engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions on enemy military , industrial and transportation targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Hungary , Romania and Yugoslavia . It bombed railroad marshalling yards , oil refineries , airdrome installations and heavy industry . The squadron flew its last World War II combat mission on 26 April 1945 . After V - E Day , it was assigned to the ' Green Project ' which was the movement of troops from Europe to the United States via the South Atlantic transport route . Its B - 24s were modified with sealed bomb bays , the removal of all defensive armament and an internal fuselage equipped with seating to carry approximately 30 personnel . It was assigned to Air Transport Command at Waller Field , Trinidad and to Natal , Brazil . It moved personnel from Dakar in French West Africa where personnel were conveyed across the South Atlantic to Brazil and eventually to Morrison Field , Florida via Trinidad . This air transport was provided until the end of September when the unit was inactivated .
Structure of the Australian Army during World War II The structure of the Australian Army changed considerably during World War II . At the outbreak of war the Army comprised a small regular component and a large , but ill - trained and equipped , militia force . In September 1939 the government authorised the establishment of the Second Australian Imperial Force for overseas service ; this force eventually reached a strength of four infantry divisions , an armoured division and various headquarters and support units . The militia force which remained in Australia was neglected until the outbreak of the Pacific War , however . The militia units were fully activated in late 1941 , and additional such formations were established in 1942 . Despite the loss of the 8th Division in February 1942 , the Army reached its peak strength of eleven infantry divisions and three armoured divisions later that year . This force was larger than what the Australian economy could support , however , and was gradually reduced in size . At the end of 1943 the Government determined that the Army ' s strength was to be six infantry divisions and two armoured brigade s , though further reductions were ordered in August 1944 and June 1945 . If the conflict had continued past August 1945 , the size of the Army would have been further reduced to three divisions . Following the end of the war the Australian Army was rapidly demobilized . However , the force formed for occupation duties in Australia became the nucleus of the permanent Australian Regular Army , and a large number of militia units continued to be maintained . Orders of battle . 3 September 1939 . On the outbreak of war , the Army comprised the following major units : 9 April 1942 . The Army was restructured in 1942 , with major units as follows : 15 August 1945 . The structure of the Army ' s major combat units and commands at the end of the war was as follows :
Lord Ivor Spencer - Churchill The Lord Ivor Charles Spencer - Churchill ( 14 October 1898 – 17 September 1956 ) was the younger son of the 9th Duke of Marlborough and his first wife , the former Consuelo Vanderbilt , an American railroad heiress . His elder brother , John , was the 10th Duke of Marlborough . His stepmother was the former Gladys Deacon , and his stepfather was Col . Jacques Balsan . Spencer - Churchill was educated at Eton College and Magdalen College , Oxford , before joining the Royal Army Service Corps in 1917 and gaining the rank of lieutenant . He fought in the First World War and was decorated with the French Legion of Honour . A conveyance dated 26 September 1930 documents the purchase of three parcels of land and premises known as Springhead situated along Mill Street at Fontmell Magna in the county of Dorset . Another conveyance dated 8 November 1934 documents Lord Ivor Churchill selling one of these parcels ( 31 Mill Street , a semi - detached cottage ) to Henry Rolf Gardener ( see Rolf Gardiner . ) He married Elizabeth Cunningham on 15 November 1947 and had a son , Robert William Charles ( born 1954 ) . He developed an inoperable brain tumor and died in September 1956 . He is buried beside his cousin , Sir Winston Churchill , and close to his mother at St Martin ' s Church , Bladon , near Woodstock , Oxfordshire .
Larrakeyah Barracks Larrakeyah Barracks , incorporating , is the main base for the Australian Defence Force in the Northern Territory of Australia , and occupies the headland west of the suburb of Larrakeyah in the capital , Darwin . It was established in 1932 – 33 , with building commencing in earnest in 1934 , although many of the oldest structures were built in the early years of World War II . The name Larrakeyah is a transcription of the name of the Australian Aborigine tribe known also as the Larrakia people , the traditional owner s of where Darwin was built and its surrounding areas . Geography . The base is on a mostly level headland running east - west , some 25 metres above the ocean . Darwin Naval Base is on a lower area on the south side , incorporating some reclaimed land . The base is bounded to the east by the suburb of Larrakeyah , to the south by HMAS Coonawarra and the boat harbour on Darwin Harbour , to the west by Emery Point overlooking the approaches to Darwin Harbour , and the north by Cullen Bay . Heritage . Some parts of the base are heritage listed . These include : Units . ADF units at Larrakeyah include :