naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gleb Kotelnikov Gleb Yevgeniyevich Kotelnikov ( " Котельников , Глеб Евгеньевич " in Russian , – November 22 , 1944 ) , was the Russia n - Soviet inventor of the knapsack parachute ( first in the hard casing and then in the soft pack ) , and braking parachute . In 1894 , Kotelnikov graduated from the Kiev Military School . In 1911 , he created his first parachute RK - 1 ( which stands for Rantseviy ( knapsack ) or Russian Kotelnikova ( by Kotelnikov ) , 1st model ) , that was successfully employed in 1914 during World War I . Later on , Kotelnikov significantly improved the design of his parachute , creating new models , including RK - 2 with a softer knapsack , RK - 3 , and a few cargo parachutes , all of which would be adopted by the Soviet Air Force . Having witnessed the death of a talented Russian pilot Lev Matsivich and been shocked by it , he became obsessed with the idea of constructing a parachute , to which he devoted several years of his life as well as all his personal savings . In 1911 he applied for a patent to the Committee on Inventions in France and was granted the patent under the number 438612 , in which he summarized the function of his parachute : The working principle of the apparatus is as follows : in case of an emergency , a pilot , wearing it on his back , could throw himself out of an aircraft , opening a knapsack by pulling a cord attached to its lock . In case of an unexpected fall the device can work quite automatically . For that purpose the lock of the parapack is connected with a carriage of an aircraft by means of a cord which would open the lock of a parapack being stretched under the weight of a falling man . At first G . Kotelnikov called his invention a safety apparatus , a knapsack - parachute and later on it got the name of RK - 1 . In 1912 , on a road near Tsarskoye Selo ( now part of St . Petersburg ) Kotelnikov successfully demonstrated the braking effects of the parachute by accelerating a Russo - Balt automobile to the top speed , and then opening a parachute attached to the back seat , thus inventing the drogue parachute . In aviation , however , drag chutes were used for the first time only in 1937 by the Soviet airplanes in the Arctic that were providing support for the famous polar expeditions of the era , such as the first manned drifting ice station North Pole - 1 , launched the same year . The drag chute allowed to land safely on the ice - floe s of smaller size . Kotelnikov continued to be an important figure in the development of parachutes and parachuting in the Soviet Union . In 1924 Kotelnikov for the first time applied the soft packing of parachute instead of a hard casing . He produced some of the earliest cargo parachutes , and was a contemporary to the start of the parachuting sport in Russia in 1930 and the creation of the Soviet Airborne Troops the same year ( the first paratrooping force in history ) . In his late years , Kotelnikov wrote a book about the invention and subsequent development of parachutes .
German submarine U - 582 German submarine " U - 582 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out four patrols , sank six ships of 38 , 826 GRT and sank a warship of 46 tons ( lost aboard a transport ship ) . The boat was sunk by depth charge s from a US aircraft , southwest of Iceland , in October 1942 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 25 September 1940 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 558 , launched on 12 June 1941 and commissioned on 7 August under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Werner Schulte . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 7 August 1941 for training and the 1st U - boat Flotilla for operations until her loss , from 1 January to 5 October 1942 . 1st patrol . " U - 582 " s first patrol was preceded by a diversion to Trondheim in Norway to replace the stud bolts of her exhaust valves . She left the Nordic port on 3 January 1942 and headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the ' gap ' separating the Faroe and Shetland Islands . A lookout broke an arm in bad weather on the 10th , but she sank the " Refast " on the 26th off St . Johns . She arrived at Brest in occupied France , on 7 February . 2nd patrol . Her second foray took her to the US east coast , but the pickings were thin , she returned to Brest on 24 May 1942 without any successes . 3rd patrol . She sank the " Port Hunter " on 12 July 1942 west southwest of Madeira . The ship had been carrying ammunition and depth charges as well as HMNZS " ML - 1090 " , a 46 ton patrol craft being taken from Britain to New Zealand as deck cargo . Debris from the exploding ship was found on the U - boat ' s casing . She also sank the " Empire Attendant " a few days later ( 15 July ) southwest of the Canary Islands . When she sank the " Honolulan " on 22 July south of the Cape Verde Islands , the vessel went down with her steam whistle still sounding , some two hours after being hit . " U - 582 " disposed of the " Stella Lykes " south of Fogo in the Cape Verde Islands on 27 July 1942 with seven demolition charges placed by a boarding party in the abandoned ship . The U - boat had fired two torpedoes and 161 rounds from her deck gun but she remained afloat . The master and chief engineer were taken prisoner ; the ship sank by the stern . 4th patrol and loss . The submarine left Brest for the last time on 14 September 1942 . On the 23rd , she sank the " Vibran " about north northeast of the Azores . She was sunk on 5 October 1942 by depth charges dropped by a US PBY Catalina southwest of Iceland . Forty - six men died with " U - 582 " ; there were no survivors . Previously recorded fate . " U - 582 " was sunk on 5 October 1942 by a British Lockheed Hudson of No . 269 Squadron RAF . It was later ascertained that this attack sank " U - 619 " . Raiding History . * Being carried aboard the " Port Hunter "
YLC - 4 Radar YLC - 4 is a UHF solid - state , fully coherent 2D long range surveillance radar , which is mainly used for long range surveillance . The radar has the ability to synthesize data from up to four other radars with a large data capacity , and to communicate and display the data and state of the system through the net to realize remote control and detection . When equipped with height - finding radar , it can perform the function of guidance and providing target data for Air Traffic Control System . With long range detection range , high reliability and easy maintenance , YLC - 4 radar is a main radar in air defense network . The manufacturer of the system is Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology ( NRIET ) / Nanjing Institute No . 1 / 南京电子技术研究所 . Design . The YLC - 4 system consist of 4 components , the antenna , the signal cabin , transmitter and the power generators ( 2 x 120 kW diesel generators ) .
Thomas Adair Butler Thomas Adair Butler VC ( 12 February 1836 – 17 May 1901 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Born at Soberton , Hampshire . He was the son of the Rev . Stephen Butler , of Bury Lodge , Hambledon , Hampshire , by his first wife Mary Ann Thistlethwayte , daughter of Thomas Thistlethwayte ( 1779 - 1850 ) , of Southwick Park ; Deputy Lieutenant of Hampshire , hereditary Constable of Porchester Castle and warden of the Forest of Bere . He was a nephew of Rear - Admiral Sir Francis Augustus Collier . He was educated privately and gazetted as Ensign to the 1st Bengal European Fusiliers , June 9 , 1854 ; Lieutenant , November 23rd , 1856 , and was afterwards Instructor of Musketry . He served in the Indian Mutiny from June 10 , 1857 , was in all the engagements under the walls of Delhi , was galloper to General Nicholson at the action of Nugafshot , and took part in the Storming of Delhi . He also took part in the actions of Gungehri , Pu and Minpoorie and was present at the Siege and capture of Lucknow where he won the Victoria Cross . Details . He was 22 years old , and a lieutenant in the 1st European Bengal Fusiliers ( later Royal Munster Fusiliers ) during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 9 March 1858 at Lucknow , India , for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . He later served in the Umbeyla Campaign and achieved the rank of major in the service of the 101st Regiment of Foot . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst .
Operation New Arrivals Operation New Arrivals ( April 29 – September 16 , 1975 ) was the relocation of more than 120 , 000 Vietnamese refugees from Pacific island staging area s to the United States . Following the South - Vietnamese evacuation Operations New Life and Babylift at the end of the Vietnam War , refugees were relocated to the United States to begin assimilation into American society . 251 C - 141 and C - 130 flights and 349 commercial flights airlifted the refugees to camps around the United States . These camps included Camp Pendleton , California ( opened April 29 ) , Fort Chaffee , Arkansas ( opened May 2 ) , Eglin Air Force Base , Florida ( opened May 4 ) , and Fort Indiantown Gap , Pennsylvania ( opened May 28 ) . The operation relocated , supported and sheltered the refugees until civilian agencies were able to resettle them .
Tactical engagement simulation A Tactical Engagement Simulation ( TES ) is a training system for using weapon s . Laser transmitters are used instead of bullets , larger rounds , or shorter - range guided weapons such as anti - tank missile s . A laser transmitter is mounted on the weapon and aligned with the weapon ' s barrel . Gallium arsenide ( GaAs ) is often used as the stimulated medium and this produces a wavelength of 904 nanometres , in the near infrared band outside the sensitivity of the human eye which is from about 400 to 700 nm ( 0 . 4 to 0 . 7 micrometres ) . In modern TES systems the laser transmission is coded so that in a field exercise , individual weapons can be identified by exercise control ( EXCOM ) and appropriate calculations made of gravity drop , warhead damage radius and so forth . Weapons as small as hand gun s can be part of a TES system as can larger weapons including tanks and large calibre guns . In field exercises , the laser transmitters can trigger cartridge - based Weapon effects simulation ( WES ) devices mounted on potential targets such as tanks and other vehicles . WES systems include pyrotechnic flash / bang and smoke devices that add realism to a field exercise . All these events are recorded on the exercise computer . After - Action Review ( AAR ) can include comprehensive analysis of weapon firing , accuracy and warhead effects on the targets . Such techniques have taken much speculation out of the assessment of field exercises and have resulted in more realistic training than formerly was available other than by using ( dangerous ) live firing .
51st Corps ( German Empire ) The 51st Corps ( ) was a corps formation of the German Army in World War I . It was formed in September 1916 and was still in existence at the end of the war . Chronicle . The 51st Corps ( z . b . V . ) was formed in September 1916 . With the onset of trench warfare , the German Army recognised that it was no longer possible to maintain the traditional Corps unit , that is , one made up of two divisions . Whereas at some times ( and in some places ) a Corps of two divisions was sufficient , at other times 5 or 6 divisions were necessary . Therefore , under the Hindenburg regime ( from summer 1916 ) , new Corps headquarters were created without organic divisions . These new Corps were designated " General Commands for Special Use " ( ) . The 51st Corps was sent to the Italian Front in September 1917 to help shore up the Austro - Hungarian Army . It commanded 26th ( 1st Württemberg ) and 200th Divisions and played a prominent part in the Battle of Caporetto under 14th Army . Following the successful offensive , the front soon froze again in trench warfare . The German High Command decided to withdraw its forces again to use on other fronts . On 23 January 1918 the Army Command was recalled ( to form a new 17th Army on the Western Front ) . The German troops remaining on the Italian front came under the command of 51st Corps until it was withdrawn in February 1918 . By the end of the war , the Corps was serving on the Western Front as part of 2nd Army , " Heeresgruppe " " Kronprinz " Rupprecht with the following composition : Commanders . The 51st Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
320th Field Artillery Regiment ( United States ) The 320th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army . Lineage . Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army ( USA ) as the 320th Field Artillery and assigned to the 82d Division Organized 29 August 1917 at Camp Gordon , Georgia Demobilized 12 May 1919 at Camp Dix , New Jersey Reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves as the 320th Field Artillery and assigned to the 82d Division ( later redesignated as the 82d Airborne Division ) Organized in December 1921 at Columbia , South Carolina Reorganized and redesignated 13 February 1942 as the 320th Field Artillery Battalion Ordered into active military service 25 March 1942 and reorganized at Camp Claiborne , Louisiana Reorganized and redesignated 15 August 1942 as the 320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion Withdrawn 15 November 1948 from the Organized Reserve Corps and allotted to the Regular Army Inactivated 15 December 1948 at Fort Bragg , North Carolina Relieved 14 December 1950 from assignment to the 82d Airborne Division Redesignated 1 August 1951 as the 320th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion and activated at Fort Benning , Georgia Reorganized and redesignated 22 March 1957 as the 320th Artillery , a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System Redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 320th Field Artillery Withdrawn 2 October 1986 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System Distinctive unit insignia . Description . " A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1 / 8 inches ( 2 . 86 cm ) in height overall consisting of a shield blazon ed : Gules , on a palmetto tree eradicated Or a Lorraine cross Azure . Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “ VOLENS ET POTENS ” in Red letters . " Symbolism . The shield is scarlet for Artillery ; the palmetto tree , representing South Carolina , alludes to the district to which the unit was allocated . The Lorraine cross represents service in the Lorraine sector , France . Background . The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 320th Field Artillery Regiment , Organized Reserves on 27 July 1925 . It was redesignated for the 320th Field Artillery Battalion on 23 April 1942 . It was redesignated for the 320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion on 22 October 1942 . The insignia was redesignated for the 320th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion on 15 October 1951 . It was redesignated for the 320th Artillery Regiment on 24 September 1958 . Effective 1 September 1971 , the insignia was redesignated for the 320th Field Artillery Regiment . The insignia was amended to update the description on 3 February 2005 .
Charles Frederick Barclay Charles Frederick Barclay ( May 9 , 1844 – March 9 , 1914 ) was a Republican U . S . Representative from the state of Pennsylvania . Charles F . Barclay was born in Owego , New York . He moved with his parents to Pennsylvania in 1845 . He attended the Painted Post High School and Coudersport Academy . He taught school for several years . During the Civil War , he enlisted as a private in Company K , One - Hundred and Forty - ninth Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry , in 1862 and served until 1865 , when he was mustered out with the rank of captain . He attended Belfast Seminary , New York , and subsequently studied law at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , Michigan , but never practiced . With an elder brother , he was engaged extensively in the lumber business in Sinnamahoning , Pennsylvania . He was a delegate to the 1900 Republican National Convention at Philadelphia . Barclay was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth and Sixty - first Congresses . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1910 . He engaged in business in Washington , D . C . , until his death 1914 . Interment in Wyside Cemetery in Sinnamahoning .
HMAS Coogee HMAS " Coogee " was a 762 ton armed patrol vessel / minesweeper of the Royal Australian Navy during the later stages of the First World War . Built by J . L . Thompson and Sons , Sunderland as the " Lancashire Witch " for the New Isle of Man Steam Navigation Company for between Liverpool and the Isle of Man . She was purchased by Huddart Parker in 1888 and renamed " Coogee " . She was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy as a minesweeper in Bass Strait and also as an armed patrol vessel on 20 May 1918 as HMAS " Coogee " . She was returned to her owners in 1919 , before being chartered by the Telegraph Department in 1921 to repair damage to the Bass Strait cable . Fate . " Coogee " was sold for scrap in 1927 , her engines removed and was scuttled outside Port Phillip Bay in 1928 at . The wreck is now a popular dive site .
No . 1 Airfield Operations Support Squadron RAAF No . 1 Airfield Operations Support Squadron ( 1AOSS ) is Headquartered at RAAF Base Townsville . The squadron has detachments at each of the major RAAF Bases around Australia . It is responsible for providing fixed - base and expeditionary Air Movements support , Explosive Ordnance Disposal ( EOD ) functions , Airfield Engineering , including vertical and horizontal construction capabilities , and 3rd line logistics support to the RAAF ' s Expeditionary Combat Support Squadrons . Number 1 Airfield Operations Support Squadron was originally formed in May 1966 as No . 1 Operational Support Unit ( 1OSU ) at RAAF Base Fairbairn , and immediately deployed to Vung Tau in Vietnam where it operated in direct support to Number 35 Squadron . On return to Australia in 1972 the unit was disbanded only to be reformed 12 years later at RAAF Richmond , then relocated to share facilities with No . 7 Stores Depot in Toowoomba , before eventually relocating in 1992 to new faciities at RAAF Townsville . Not long after arrival the unit was renamed as No . 1 Combat Logistics Squadron ( 1CLS ) . On 1 January 2007 the unit merged with No . 1 Air Terminal Squadron ( 1ATS ) to form into the unit it is today . 1AOSS is currently the most diverse and dispersed unit in the RAAF , with an approximate staff of 470 permanent , reserve and civilian personnel serving at 9 permanent detachments at bases all around Australia .
Marine Corps University The Marine Corps University is a group of accredited higher - education schools at Marine Corps Base Quantico , Virginia . It reports to the United States Marine Corps Training And Education Command . It was established on August 1 , 1989 by General Alfred M . Gray , Jr . , then Commandant of the Marine Corps . Marine Corps University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Master ' s Degrees . History . The Marine Corps University ' s history dates back to 1891 when 29 company officer s attended the School of Application . This facility became the Officers Training School in 1909 , and later relocated to Marine Corps Base Quantico . In 1919 , Major General John A . Lejeune ordered the creation of the Marine Corps Officers Training School . Brigadier General Smedley D . Butler established the Field Officers Course , in October 1920 and the Company Grade Officers Course in July 1921 .
Treasurer of the Ordnance The Treasurer of the Ordnance was a subordinate of the Master - General of the Ordnance in the United Kingdom , the office being created in 1670 . The office was abolished in 1836 and its duties merged with that of several others to form the office of Paymaster - General .
Woldo The Woldo ( literally “ moon blade ” ) , was a Korean pole weapon that closely resembled the Chinese guandao ( also known as yanyuedao ) , though proportionally smaller . It was so named because of its curved blade . It and its use methods were described in the Muyedobotongji ( “ Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts ” ) , which was published in 1795 . Description . The Muyedobotongji describes its design : “ The length of the handle is six feet , four inches ; the length of the blade is two feet , eight inches ; and the weight is three pounds , 15 ounces . ” It usually had a spike on the end of the handle , and a feather or tassel attached by a ring to the back of the blade . There was a variant of the woldo , called the " danwoldo " , which had a bigger blade History . Woldo was typically used by the medieval Shilla warrior class the hwarang . Wielding the woldo , because it was heavier than other long - reaching weapons , took time , but , in the hands of a practised user , the woldo was a fearsome , agile weapon famous for enabling a single soldier to cut down ranks of infantrymen . Korean cavalrymen , usually in the Choson era , also used the woldo , mainly because it was longer than most other pole weapons and for its heavy striking power . Korean warriors and generals who took military exams to take up high positions in the army had to take an exam that tested proficiency and skill with the woldo . Those who could demonstrate great martial skill in the use of the woldo passed one of the exams and proceeded to the next . Those who could not were ordered to withdraw and to train for the next military examination . Techniques . Techniques for the use of this weapon by infantry are described in the earlier Muyejebo , published in 1749 . With the publication of the updated version of this manual in 1791 , the dismounted techniques were retained , while techniques for use in horseback were added . The latter techniques are called " Masang woldo " ( 마상월도 , 馬上月刀 )
Leonidovo ( air base ) Leonidovo is a Soviet Air Force base in Sakhalin , Russia located east of Leonidovo . It is an abandoned military airfield in the remote central area of Sakhalin Island . Declassified KH - 7 imagery obtained from the U . S . Geological Survey shows that it existed in June 1966 without much difference compared to today . In recent times ( probably 1990s ) it was shortened to 2000 m . High - resolution Google Earth imagery shows that the airfield has been decommissioned , with the runway being used as a storage pad for petroleum industry supplies . Also see Matrosovo air base .
Akolouthos Akolouthos ( , " follower , attendant " ) , anglicized as Acolyte , was a Byzantine office with varying functions over time . Originally a subaltern officer of the imperial " tagma " of the " Vigla " , it was associated with the command over the famed Varangian Guard in the 11th - 12th centuries . The title is first attested in the 9th century , where the " Kletorologion " lists him as one of the senior officers of the " Vigla " guard regiment under the " droungarios " . From the early 11th century however , the " droungarios " of the " Vigla " was entrusted with judicial and police duties in the capital , Constantinople , and the post of " akolouthos " became independent , its holders being entrusted with command of foreign mercenary contingents . In this time the post became especially associated with the Varangian Guard , whose command the " akolouthos " had . In the 12th century however , the " akolouthoi " are mentioned chiefly in connection with diplomatic missions . The " [ megas ] akolouthos " ( " [ grand ] " akolouthos " " ) is still named as the chief of the Varangians in the mid - 14th century " Book of Offices " of pseudo - Kodinos , but the entry may well be anachronistic , as the last attested holder of the post is a certain John Nomikopoulos in 1199 .