naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Buchlovice Castle Buchlovice castle is a castle situated about 10 km to the west of Uherské Hradiště , in south - east Moravia , Czech Republic . Its history is closely connected with nearby Buchlov Castle which grew more and more uncomfortable in the late 17th century , and that is why Jan Dětřich of Petřwald decided to build a new castle . Buchlovice castle was built as a copy of an Italian villa in baroque style , by Domenico Martinelli . It is one of the most romantic buildings in this country . In 1800 it became property of the Berchtolds , and since 1945 the state castle is open to public . History . The area around Buchlovice was inhabited as early as the Stone Age , and the first written records of this district date from 1270 . In 1540 Buchlovice became part of the estate of nearby Buchlov castle . This medieval fortress , which did not meet the increasing demands for a comfortable and prestigious residence , ceased to suit its owners , who decided at the beginning of the 18th century to replace it with the grandiose château in Buchlovice . Jan Dětrích of Petřvald had the chateau built according to the proposals of Italian architect Domenico Martinelli between 1707 and 1738 . The château complex is made up the ceremonial building known as the Dolní zámek ( Upper Château ) , and the building known as Horní zámek ( Lower Château ) , which had a service function . A courtyard of honour extends between the two . Around the château an Italian - style park was created , which was extended and altered in the English style in the first half of the 19th century and is among the most valuable of its kind in the Czech Republic . After the Petřvald dynasty died out the château was acquired in 1763 by the Berchtolds . In 1805 Leopold Berchtold established a military hospital in part of the château and a drapery in the stables . The château is open to the public and visitors can admire the state rooms , and chambers with rich stucco work and painted ceilings .
USS Cortland ( APA - 75 ) USS " Cortland " ( APA - 75 ) was a " Gilliam " - class attack transport that served with the US Navy during World War II . Commissioned late in the war , she was initially assigned to transport duties and consequently did not participate in combat operations . " Cortland " was named after Cortland County , New York . She was launched 18 October 1944 by Consolidated Steel at Wilmington , California , under a Maritime Commission contract ; acquired by the Navy 31 December ; and commissioned 1 January 1945 , Commander F . C . B . Jordan in command . Operational history . World War II . Sabotage foiled . While " Cortland " was being outfitted at San Pedro on 5 January 1945 , her watch apprehended beneath the pier a prowler who upon investigation proved to be a German spy . His avowed mission was to damage the ship with explosives which he had dropped overboard when caught . Training and transport duties . " Cortland " completed her outfit and shakedown uneventfully and sailed to Seattle to embark Army troops , clearing 1 March for training operations in the Hawaiian Islands . She returned to San Francisco on 4 June for repairs , then embarked Army troops at Seattle and sailed 24 June for Okinawa where she disembarked her passengers and cargo 12 August . After hostilities . She put out from Okinawa 26 September 1945 to land Marines at Tientsin for the reoccupation of northern China , then sailed by way of Manila to lift Chinese troops from Hong Kong to Chinwangtao and Tsingtao for the reoccupation of Manchuria , in two voyages between 25 October and 25 November . Arriving at Sasebo 30 November , " Cortland " embarked homeward - bound troops and sailed 7 December for San Diego , arriving 23 December for overall . Operation Crossroads . " Cortland " carried Marines from the Hawaiians to San Diego between 19 January and 4 February 1946 , then sailed from San Pedro 24 February to operate under JTF - 1 in Operation Crossroads , the atomic weapons tests in the Marshalls . Returning to San Francisco 13 September , she remained there until 5 November when she sailed for New York and Norfolk , where she arrived 5 December . Decommission . " Cortland " was decommissioned 30 December 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 31 March 1948 .
C - class destroyer ( 1913 ) The C class as designated in 1913 was a heterogeneous group of torpedo boat destroyer s ( TBDs ) built for the Royal Navy in the late - 1890s . They were constructed to the individual designs of their builders to meet Admiralty specifications . The uniting feature of the class was a top speed of 30 knots , a " turtleback " forecastle and that they all had three funnels . The funnels were spaced equidistantly and were of equal height , but the central one was thicker . In 1913 all " 30 knotter " vessels with 3 funnels were classified by the Admiralty as the " C " class to provide some system to the naming of HM destroyers ( at the same time , the 4 - funnelled , " 30 knotters " became the " B " class and the 2 - funnelled ships the " D " class ) . All vessels had the distinctive turtleback that was intended to clear water from the bows but actually tended to dig the bow in to anything of a sea , resulting in a very wet conning position and poor seaboats that were unable to reach top speed in anything but perfect conditions . They generally displaced around 350 tons and had a length of around 200 feet . All were powered by triple expansion steam engines for 5 , 800 shp and had coal - fired water - tube boilers , except some unique " specials " that used steam turbines in addition to , or in lieu of , the reciprocating engines . Armament was one QF 12 pounder on a bandstand on the forecastle , five QF 6 pounder ( two sided abreast the conning tower , two sided between the funnels and one on the quarterdeck ) and 2 single tubes for 18 inch torpedoes .
Bruce Yamashita Bruce I . Yamashita is a Japanese American lawyer and a former officer in the United States Marine Corps Reserves . His successful legal case against institutional racial discrimination at the Officer Candidate School of the Marine Corps became the subject of a 2003 documentary titled " A Most Unlikely Hero " as well as an autobiography titled " Fighting Tradition : A Marine ' s Journey to Justice " .
20th Army Corps ( Russian Empire ) The Twentieth Army Corps of the Imperial Russian Army was a World War I corps that fought on the Eastern theatre of war . Before World War I 20th Corps was stationed in the Vilno Military District , with corps headquarters in Riga . History . This unit fought in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes under General Bulgakov . On the February 7 , in the middle of a snowstorm , Fritz von Below ' s German Eighth Army had launched a surprise attack , advancing within one week . Severe casualties were inflicted on the Russians , resulting in a disorderly withdrawal with many Russians taken prisoner . The greatest loss came when the 20th Army Corps was surrounded by the German Tenth Army in the Augustow Forest , although many broke out , the remnants surrendered on February 21 the entire corps surrendered . A large number of Latvian soldiers were killed , wounded or captured during this battle . This influenced the decision of the Imperial Russian Army to establish the Latvian Rifles . Composition . At the outbreak of World War I , 20th Army Corps comprised the following units :
Battery M , 1st Ohio Light Artillery Battery M , 1st Ohio Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati , Ohio and mustered in for a three year enlistment on December 3 , 1861 . The regiment was organized as early as 1860 under Ohio ' s militia laws , under Colonel James Barnett . The battery was attached to Artillery Reserve , Army of the Ohio , to September 1862 . 8th Division , Army of the Ohio , to November 1862 . Artillery , 2nd Division , Center , XIV Corps , Army of the Cumberland , to January 1863 . Artillery , 2nd Division , XIV Corps , to October 1863 . 1st Division , Artillery Reserve , Department of the Cumberland , to March 1864 . 2nd Division , Artillery Reserve , Department of the Cumberland , to July 1864 . Artillery Brigade , IV Corps , Army of the Cumberland , to October 1864 . Garrison Artillery , Chattanooga , Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to April 1865 . Battery M , 1st Ohio Light Artillery ceased to exist on April 11 , 1865 when its members were consolidated with Battery I , 1st Ohio Light Artillery . Detailed service . Ordered to Louisville , Ky . , December 3 ; thence moved to Bacon Creek , Ky . , and duty there until February 1862 . March to Nashville , Tenn . , February 10 - March 3 , 1862 , and to Savannah , Tenn . , March 17 - April 6 . Battle of Shiloh , April 7 . Advance on and siege of Corinth , Miss . , April 29 - May 30 . Buell ' s Campaign in northern Alabama and middle Tennessee June to August . Garrison duty at Nashville , Tenn . , August to December 1862 . Advance on Murfreesboro , Tenn . , December 26 – 30 . Battle of Stones River December 30 – 31 , 1862 and January 1 – 3 , 1863 . Duty at Murfreesboro until June . Tullahoma Campaign June 23 - July 7 . Occupation of middle Tennessee until August 16 . Passage of Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga Campaign August 16 - September 22 . Davis Cross Roads or Dug Gap September 11 . Near Blue Bird Gap September 11 . Battle of Chickamauga September 19 – 21 . Siege of Chattanooga , Tenn . , September 24 - November 23 . Chattanooga - Ringgold Campaign November 23 – 27 . Missionary Ridge November 24 – 25 . Ordered to Nashville , Tenn . , December 1863 , and duty there until June 1864 . Joined Sherman ' s army at Kennesaw Mountain , Ga . , June 25 . Operations against Kennesaw Mountain June 25 - July 2 . Assault on Kennesaw June 27 . Chattahoochie River July 3 – 17 . Peachtree Creek July 19 – 20 . Siege of Atlanta July 22 - August 25 . Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25 – 30 . Battle of Jonesboro August 31 - September 1 . Ordered to Chattanooga , September , and duty there until December . Mustered out non - veterans at Camp Dennison , Ohio , December 17 , 1864 . Veterans and recruits garrison at Chattanooga , until April 1865 . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 19 men during service ; 2 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 17 enlisted men died of disease .
HMS B10 HMS " B10 " was a Royal Navy B class submarine , built at Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness , launched 23 March 1906 and completed 28 April 1906 . " B10 " was deployed to the Mediterranean soon after the outbreak of World War I . Due to the lack of spare parts this group of submarines were not used after September 1915 . On 9 August 1916 " B10 " was sunk by aircraft of the Austrian Naval Air Service ( " Kaiserliche und Königliche Seeflugwesen " ) while under repair at Venice . She was lost as she was tied up after taking part in the blockade of Pula alongside the Italian cruiser " Marco Polo " , which was acting as a depot ship . " B10 " was the first submarine to be sunk by an aircraft . An attempt to repair the bomb damage was abandoned after a welding torch ignited a fuel tank resulting in further damage . The submarine was then sold to be broken up .
Friedrich Bachmaier Dr . Friedrich Bachmaier ( 30 March 1903 – 12 September 2001 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich Bachmaier was captured by American troops in May 1945 and was released in September 1945 .
Aircraft cruiser The aircraft cruiser or cruiser - carrier was originally a 1930s experimental concept of creating an all - around warship , trying to combine all the good features of the aircraft carrier and the heavy cruiser . The early aircraft cruisers were usually armed with relatively heavy artillery , mines and a number of aircraft fitted with floats ( making the ship a kind of seaplane tender ) . The early aircraft cruiser turned out to be an unsuccessful design . The rapid development of naval aircraft in the 1930s quickly rendered the vessels obsolete and they were rebuilt e . g . as anti - aircraft cruisers . A more modern derivative of the aircraft cruiser is the helicopter cruiser . The " Invincible " - class aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy can also be considered ; they were originally classed as cruisers due to their original role as command and control platforms as well as ASW vessels , taking on those roles from the RN ' s " Tiger " class cruiser conversions ) . In the Russian Navy , " Aviation Cruiser " is a designation for the " Kiev " - class and " Kuznetsov " - class ships . They are a cross between cruiser and aircraft carrier and are divided in two classes , the aviation cruisers and the heavy aviation cruisers . Early types . One United States design for a flight deck cruiser from 1930 , was described as " a light cruiser forwards [ and ] one half of a aft " . Although not built , similar ships were created during and after World War II as reconstructions and later from the keel up . During World War II , in part to offset the loss of carriers at Midway , Japan rebuilt its " Ise " - class battleships as hybrid carriers , with guns forward and amidships and a flight deck and hangar aft . Helicopter cruisers . Post - war the United Kingdom reconstructed the " Tiger " - class cruisers , HMS " Blake " and HMS " Tiger " into helicopter cruisers , retaining their guns forward but having their aft guns deleted for the installation of a hangar and helicopter platform for the operation of four Sea King helicopters . The Italian " Andrea Doria " - class cruisers and " Vittorio Veneto " , French " Jeanne dArc " and Soviet " Moskva " - class helicopter cruisers were built from the keel up as guided missile cruisers forward and helicopter carrier s aft . Soviet and Russian aviation cruisers . The first class is represented by the " Kiev " class and the second class is represented by the " Kuznetsov " class . The " Kiev " class can carry VTOL aircraft and helicopters , the " Kuznetsov " class can carry helicopters and conventional aircraft like the Sukhoi Su - 33 or the Mikoyan MiG - 29K . Aviation cruisers are not fitted with catapults but the heavy aviation cruisers have a ramp ( " Ski Jump " ) to allow take off . Aviation cruisers have a variety of heavy weapons to fight against all types of ships , submarines and aircraft . In addition , this ships have close - in weapon system s to defend against missiles or rockets .
Chung Sang Eo ( Blue Shark ) torpedo K745 Chung Sang Eo ( Blue Shark ) torpedo ( Hangul : 청상어 어뢰 ) is a light anti - submarine torpedo developed by the Republic of Korea Navy in 2004 . The Blue Shark torpedo can be deployed from surface ships , ASW helicopters and maritime patrol aircraft . Production cost for each torpedo is at about 1 billion Won ( US $ 830 , 000 ) .
The Few The Few were the Allied airmen of the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) who fought the Battle of Britain in the Second World War . The term comes from Winston Churchill ' s phrase " Never , in the field of human conflict , was so much owed by so many to so few . " It also alludes to Shakespeare ' s famous speech in his play , Henry V : " We few , we happy few , we band of brothers . . . " Aircrew . Nearly 3 , 000 men were awarded the Battle of Britain Clasp . , there were fewer than 90 alive . By one tally , British RAF aircrew numbered 2 , 353 ( 80 % ) of the total of 2 , 927 flyers involved , with 407 Britons killed from a total of 510 losses . The remainder were from other former colonies of the British Empire ( particularly New Zealand , Canada , Australia and South Africa ) , as well as exiles from many conquered European nations ; in particular , there were several squadrons composed of men from Poland , Czechoslovakia and Belgium . Other countries supplying smaller numbers included France , Ireland and the USA . Statistics . The Battle of Britain was considered officially by the RAF to have been fought between 10 July and 31 October 1940 . Leading aces . The leading aces of the Battle of Britain ( between 10 July and 31 October 1940 ) were : Memorial . The pilots are remembered on the Battle of Britain Memorial , Capel - le - Ferne , Kent and their names are listed on the Battle of Britain Monument in London . The Battle of Britain Roll of Honour is held in Westminster Abbey in the RAF Chapel , and is paraded annually during the Service of Thanksgiving and Re - dedication on Battle of Britain Sunday . There is a preserved Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft known as " The Last of The Many " — which may be a play on words with " The Few " — that flies as part of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight , along with a Supermarine Spitfire that flew in the Battle ( one of five Spitfires in the Memorial Flight ) . As the Hurricane was the last production model of that type , it did not itself fly in the Battle . Popular culture . Pink Floyd loosely refers to " the Few " on the track , " One of the Few " , on their anti - war concept album " The Final Cut " . The heavy metal band Iron Maiden released a single named Aces High , telling the story of a pilot flying in the Battle of Britain . In 2010 the Swedish power metal band Sabaton recorded a song called " Aces in Exile " about the foreign contingent of the Few , on their album " Coat of Arms " . " The Few " , a novel by Alex Kershaw , tells the stories of the men who flew in the Battle of Britain . , a Hollywood film similarly named " The Few " was in preparation for release in 2008 , based on the story of real - life US pilot Billy Fiske , who ignored his country ' s neutrality rules and volunteered for the RAF . A " Variety magazine " magazine outline of the film ' s historical content was said in " The Independent " to have been described by Bill Bond , who conceived the Battle of Britain Monument in London , as " Totally wrong . The whole bloody lot . "
Alexander Brown ( author ) Alexander " Sandy " Brown ( 1843 – 1906 ) was an American historical writer , the author of several books on the early history of Virginia . He was born in Glenmore , Virginia , studied for a short time at Lynchburg College , served in the Confederate army throughout the American Civil War , and afterward engaged in mercantile pursuits and farming . In 1873 , he married his distant cousin , Caroline Augusta Cabell who died in 1876 . He remarried to Caroline Cabell ' s sister , Sarah Randolph Cabell , in 1886 . Two great - uncles Alexander Rives and William Cabell Rives were Virginian lawyers and politicians . Brown studied the early history of Virginia from the standpoint of the Virginia Company and became convinced that the early history of the commonwealth had not been truly written . To correct what he considered misconceptions and misjudgments was the aim of his various works , which included magazine articles and papers read before historical societies . His publications include " New Views on Early Virginia History " ( 1886 ) , a pamphlet ; " The Genesis of the United States " ( two volumes , 1890 ) , a valuable collection of previously unprinted historical manuscripts and of rare tracts ; " The Cabells and their Kin " ( 1895 ) ; " The First Republic in America " ( 1898 ) , an account of the early history of Virginia ; " The History of our Earliest History " ( 1898 ) ; and " English Politics in Early Virginia History " ( 1901 ) .
James Harrison Oliver James Harrison Oliver ( 1857 – April 6 , 1928 ) was a Rear Admiral and member of the Naval Board of Strategy during World War I . He was also the first military Governor of the United States Virgin Islands from 1917 to 1919 . He was often referred to as J . H . Oliver . Biography . Oliver was born in Houston County , Georgia . He graduated from Washington and Lee University in 1872 and the United States Naval Academy in 1877 . In 1893 , he moved to Shirley Plantation in Charles City , Virginia and married ; this would remain his home , while not serving in the Navy , for the remainder of his life . Resignation from the Navy . In 1904 , while a Lieutenant Commander commanding the , his ship was involved in a collision with a schooner in Delaware Bay which resulted in the deaths of 29 crewmembers of the schooner . He was arrested and to be court - martial ed , but the trial was delayed for more than a year while he remained in command of his ship — despite being technically under arrest . ( In Navy tradition , he had also been stripped of his sword — a humiliation . ) He was subsequently acquitted " with honor " . At the ceremony officially returning his sword to him , he broke the sword and threw it into the ocean and immediately resigned from the Navy . While retired , he was briefly appointed as the Inspector of the Fourteenth Lighthouse District in Cincinnati , Ohio . In 1906 , President Theodore Roosevelt formally reinstated his commission , reportedly saying ( with respect to his resignation ) " I ' d have done the same thing myself . " When reinstated , he was simultaneously promoted to Commander . He was promoted to Captain in 1910 and Rear Admiral in 1916 , just prior to the United States entrance into World War I . He was subsequently elevated to Chief of Naval Intelligence by 1917 . Governor of the U . S . Virgin Islands . On March 28 , 1917 , he was appointed as Governor of the United States Virgin Islands by President Woodrow Wilson . ( Edwin Taylor Pollock was made acting - Governor until his arrival . ) He remained as Governor for two years , until 1919 . Oliver was quickly granted a loan of $ 200 , 000 ( $ 3 . 4 million , adjusted for inflation ) by the government of the United States for expenses relating to the occupation , including the building of fortifications on the island and the stationing of troops . Being disappointed with the quality of native educators , he also requested that additional instructors be sent from the mainland . From 1919 until the end of the war , Oliver served on the Naval Board of Strategy . Oliver retired from the Navy in January 1921 . He died of heart disease in 1928 at his home in Virginia .
1st Airlift Squadron The 1st Airlift Squadron ( 1 AS ) is part of the 89th Airlift Wing at Andrews Air Force Base , Maryland . It conducts transport of various high - level U . S . military and government officials . Mission . Provides global Special Air Mission ( SAM ) airlift , logistics , aerial port and communications for the President , Combat Commanders , senior leaders and the global mobility system as tasked by the White House , Chief of Staff of the Air Force , and Air Mobility Command . History . Established under Air Transport Command in 1944 to provide aerial transportation in China - Burma - India Theater from May 1944 – May 1945 and in Western Pacific from c . September – December 1945 . The unit was equipped first with the Curtiss C - 46 Commando , and then converted to the Consolidated C - 87 in 1944 . Re - established under Military Air Transport Service in November 1953 , providing airlift of personnel and equipment initially flying Douglas C - 47s until re - equipping with C - 54 Skymasters . Converted to long range Douglas C - 124 Globemaster IIs and provided long range heavy strategic transport on a global scale . In 1960 converted to the C - 133A Cargomaster and provided very heavy strategic airlift until the end of the C - 133 ' s service in 1971 . Reactivated in 1977 at Andrews AFB , Maryland and assigned to the Special Air Mission supporting transportation for the President and other high - ranking dignitaries of US and foreign governments , and C – 12 training for personnel from all branches of the military in 1977 . At Andrews , has operated a variety of aircraft including the Beechcraft VC - 6 , Douglas VC - 9 , Beechcraft C - 12 , Boeing VC - 135 , Lockheed C - 140 , Gulfstream C - 20 and the Boeing VC - 137 . These aircraft were used to transport VIPs throughout the United States and around the world . It also transported personnel to Southwest Asia from August 1990 – April 1991 during Operation Desert Shield / Storm .