naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st Separate Brigade ( Philippine Expedition ) The 1st Separate Brigade ( Philippine Expedition ) , United States Army was a U . S . expeditionary brigade . It was commanded by Brigadier General Marcus P . Miller consisted of the 18th Iowa Infantry Regiment , 51st Iowa Infantry Regiment and a battery of 6th Artillery . It was organised to provide an U . S . Army expeditionary force for the Philippine campaign of the Spanish - American War . History . It was formed on December 24 , 1898 after General Otis received permission from the United States Department of War to accept the surrender of the Spanish garrison of Iloilo City . The brigade left Manila on December 26 and arrived outside the city abroad the cruiser USS Baltimore on the morning of the 28th to discover insurgents had already occupied the city . Miller , at the request of Otis , tried to negotiate for US troops to enter the city but a stalemate ensued . On February 2 the 51st had to be returned to Manila due to poor morale .
William Mariner ( VC ) William Mariner ( 29 May 1882 – 1 July 1916 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Mariner , the son of Mrs A . Wignall was 32 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , The King ' s Royal Rifle Corps , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . The citation for the award , published in the London Gazette on 23 June 1915 , read : Death . He was killed in action , France , on 1 July 1916 and his name is on the Thiepval Memorial .
Steam frigate Steam frigate s and the smaller steam corvette s were steam - powered warships . The first vessel that can be considered a steam warship was the " Demologos " , which was launched in 1815 for the United States Navy . From the early 1820s , the British Navy began building a number of steam - powered small warships , and by the 1830s many navies were experimenting with steam - powered warships . This first generation of steam warships , termed ' paddle warships ' ( in the categories of frigate , sloop , gunvessel or other ) , used paddlewheels mounted on either the sides or in the center . The ships were equipped with large guns , generally mounted on one deck ( although some larger paddle warships carried guns on two deck levels ) . Paddlewheels were proven in a number of Admiralty trials to be less efficient than the propeller or ' screw ' , and more vulnerable to damage , and from the late 1840s onwards navies began to build screw - driven steam warships . These warships more closely resembled the traditional sailing warship , and were built with steam engines and screw propeller for locomotion . The ships retained a full sail - plan however , due less to conservatism than to lack of coaling supplies around the globe , the last being an especially important consideration for frigates , which often operated independently on the far side of the world . These ' screw frigates ' , built first of wood and later of iron , continued to perform the traditional role of the frigate until late in the 19th century . France and the United Kingdom were the only two countries to develop fleets of wooden steam screw battleship s , and both navies built numbers of screw frigates . From 1859 , armour was added to ships based on existing frigate and ship of the line designs . The additional weight of the armour on these first ironclad warship s meant that they could have only one gun deck , and they were technically frigates , even though they were more powerful than existing ships - of - the - line and occupied the same strategic role . The phrase ' armoured frigate ' remained in use for some time to denote a sail - equipped , broadside - firing type of ironclad . For a time , they were the most powerful type of vessel afloat . Towards the end of the 19th century , the term ' frigate ' fell out of use . Armoured vessels were designated as either ' battleships ' or ' armoured cruiser s ' , while unarmoured vessels including frigates and sloops were classified as ' unprotected cruisers ' . The only surviving screw frigate is the Danish " Jylland " .
Maryland Military Department Emergency Service Medal The Maryland Military Department Emergency Service Medal ( formerly known as the Maryland National Guard State Active Duty Medal ) is bestowed to recognize uniformed members of the Maryland Military Department who are deployed to assist in domestic crisis under Title 32 of the United States Code , but not under Title 10 , as recognized by the adjutant general of Maryland .
Duan Zhigui Duan Zhigui ( ; 1869 – March 1925 ) was a Chinese general . Born in Hefei , Anhui , Duan gained the post of Heilongjiang governor in the late Qing dynasty and between 1912 - 13 he was governor of Chahar , and the military governor of Hubei between 1914 – 15 , as well as Military and Civil governor of Fengtian in 1915 - 16 . A staunch supporter of Yuan Shikai , he was nicknamed the " Adopted Prince " and when Duan Qirui , a fellow Hefei native took the Beijing government , Duan was made a Minister of War in 1917 , however with Duan Qirui ' s defeat by 1920 , Duan Zhigui fled to the Japanese embassy . He was remitted in 1922 and lived in Tianjin until his death there in 1925 .
First Army ( Italy ) The Italian First Army was an Italian army formation , in World War I , facing Austro - Hungarian and German forces , and in World War II , fighting on the North African front . World War I . During World War I , the First Army bore the responsibility of a long front from Stelvio Pass on the Swiss - Austrian Italian tri - border to the Asiago plateau . It successfully resisted the Austro - Hungarian Strafexpedition . Its sector was later reduced , limiting its role to the defense of the Trentino borders and the Verona area . World War II . At the beginning of World War II , the Italian First Army was one of three armies that made up Army Group West commanded by Prince General Umberto di Savoia . Together with the Italian Fourth Army and the Italian Seventh Army ( kept in reserve ) , the First Army attacked French forces during the Italian invasion of France . At this time , the First Army was commanded by General Pietro Pintor and included three army corps : the 2nd Corps commanded by General Francesco Bettini , the 3rd Corps - General Mario Arisio , and the 15th Corps commanded by General Gastone Gambara . ( See order of battle , below . ) By 1942 , after the defeat of Panzer Army Africa ( " Panzerarmee Afrika " ) at the Second Battle of El Alamein and after the Operation Torch landings , Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was forced to make one of the longest retreats in history . He withdrew from the " Western Desert " of Egypt and Libya and established a defence on the French - built Mareth Line in southern Tunisia . After occupyinging the Mareth Line , Rommel took command of the newly created Army Group Africa and turned over the " German - Italian Panzer Army " ( formerly " Panzer Army Africa " ) to Italian General Giovanni Messe . The army was once again renamed and on February 23 , 1943 , Messe took command of the " Italian First Army . " The First Army , with Messe in command , took part in Rommel ' s attempt to break through the Kasserine Pass . As part of Army Group Africa commanded by General Hans - Jürgen von Arnim , the First Army attacked Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery ' s British Eighth Army at Medenine , just west of the Mareth Line . However , the First Army was crushingly defeated . In addition , the attempt by Rommel and Arnim to breakthrough in Tunisia failed . By the end of May , Allied troops had captured all of North Africa , and the First Army was part of the 270 , 000 Axis troops taken prisoner . Order of Battle at 10th June 1940 . 2nd Corps . Commanded by General Francesco Bettini Corps Reserves : 3rd Corps . Commanded by General Mario Arisio Corps Reserves : 15th Corps . Commanded by General Gastone Gambara Corps Reserves :
Henri Le Fevre Brown Sergeant Henri Le Fevre Brown ( May 30 , 1842 to April 29 , 1910 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Brown received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia on 6 May 1864 . He was honored with the award on 23 June 1896 . Biography . Brown was born in Jamestown , New York on 30 May 1842 and enlisted into the Company G , 72nd New York Volunteer Infantry at Ellicott , New York on 23 July 1861 . He served in this company until 23 June 1864 when he was transferred to the 120th New York Infantry . It was while still enlisted in the 72nd Volunteer Infantry that Brown would perform the act of gallantry that earned him the Medal of Honor . He mustered out of the army on 3 June 1865 , at the conclusion of the war . In 1902 Brown published a book , " The History of the Third Regiment , Excelsior Brigade , 72nd New York Volunteer Infantry " . He died on 29 April 1910 and his remains are interred at the Lake View Cemetery in New York .
Pedro Florentino General Pedro Florentino was an officer in the army of the Dominican Republic during the struggle to restore Dominican independence from Haiti . He was the hero of the important Battle of Jacuba . Haiti had ruled the country from 1822 through 1844 when independence was declared by the " Trinitarians Duarte , Sánchez and Mella " .
Projekt TYTAN The ISW Tytan ( Polish : Indywidualny System Walki Tytan " Individual Warfare System Titan " ) is a Polish Future Soldier military project . The project started in 2006 and is currently in its first stage of development . First Polish industry proposal of the new battle gear has been shown on 2008 Future Soldier Fair in Czech Republic . The soldier modernization program developed by Bumar Group is called " Ułan 21 " ( " Uhlan 21 " ) Tests . Elements of battle gear will be tested by Zintegrowana Grupa Bojowa ( Integrated Battle Group ) . Group consists of :
Dirk J . Vlug Dirk John Vlug ( August 20 , 1916 – June 25 , 1996 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Vlug joined the Army from Grand Rapids , Michigan in April 1941 , and by December 15 , 1944 was serving as a private first class in the 126th Infantry Regiment , 32nd Infantry Division . On that day , near Limon in the Philippine province of Leyte , Vlug single - handedly destroyed five enemy tanks . For his actions , he was issued the Medal of Honor a year and a half later , on June 26 , 1946 . He subsequently left the army and joined the Michigan National Guard in May 1949 , retiring with the rank of Master Sergeant in January 1951 . Vlug died at age 79 and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery , Grand Rapids , Michigan . Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class Vlug ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty when an American roadblock on the Ormoc Road was attacked by a group of enemy tanks . He left his covered position , and with a rocket launcher and 6 rounds of ammunition , advanced alone under intense machine gun and 37 - mm . fire . Loading single - handedly , he destroyed the first tank , killing its occupants with a single round . As the crew of the second tank started to dismount and attack him , he killed 1 of the foe with his pistol , forcing the survivors to return to their vehicle , which he then destroyed with a second round . Three more hostile tanks moved up the road , so he flanked the first and eliminated it , and then , despite a hail of enemy fire , pressed forward again to destroy another . With his last round of ammunition he struck the remaining vehicle , causing it to crash down a steep embankment . Through his sustained heroism in the face of superior forces , Pfc . Vlug alone destroyed 5 enemy tanks and greatly facilitated successful accomplishment of his battalion ' s mission .
William Munro Kerr Vice Admiral Sir William Munro Kerr ( 4 March 1876 – 26 October 1959 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be First Naval Member & Chief of the Australian Naval Staff . Naval service . Born the son of George Munro Kerr and his wife , Jessie Elizabeth Martin , Kerr joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1892 . By then a Lieutenant , he was in November 1901 lent to the Royal Naval College , Greenwich for the compass course . After serving in World War I he was appointed Captain of the Dockyard and King ' s Harbour Master at Rosyth in 1921 and Rear Admiral of the 1st Battle Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1928 . He went on to be First Naval Member & Chief of the Australian Naval Staff in 1929 and , having been promoted to Vice Admiral in 1931 , he became Commander - in - Chief of the Reserve Fleet later that year . He retired in 1936 . He died at Lymington in Hampshire in October 1959 .
Buque de Acción Marítima The BAM ( " Buque de Acción Marítima " ) ships are new modular Offshore Patrol Vessels of the Spanish Navy adapted to different purposes from a common base , manufactured by Navantia . The BAMs combine high performance with mission versatility , a high commonality with other ships operated by the Spanish navy . Acquisition and lifecycle costs are reduced . Description . The BAMs are a common platform for a variety of missions , used to develop whole families of types of ships that meet the diverse needs of the Navy . Its main missions are : Modular design enables the ships to be modified for purposes outside main missions such as hydrographic research , intelligence gathering , diving support and salvage operations . History . Construction began on 4 October 2007 with the cutting of the first sheet and was placed on the stands the first on March 13 , 2009 , in the shipyard San Fernando . The budget was €352m for four units but the final cost was €488 . 4m . In June 2009 , the Secretary of State for Defence and Congress confirmed the construction of a second batch to replace older patrol boats of the Anaga ( 3 ) , Toralla ( 2 ) , Descubierta ( 4 ) and the now - retired Barceló ( 6 ) & Conejera ( 4 ) classes . In September 2010 , the Ministry of Defence said a contract would be signed with Navantia for four additional vessels to be delivered by 2015 , but the contract has yet to be signed . Navantia has indicated that the Batch 2 vessels will be more modular , with the potential to switch between oceanography , intelligence gathering and search - and - rescue . One will be a diving support vessel , and one will be a research vessel for hydrography and logistical support in the Antarctic . Units . The first four ships were assigned these names and numbers : References . This article contains content from the Spanish Wikipedia .
PT Mi - U mine The PT Mi - U is a circular Czech anti - tank mine with a Misznay Schardin effect warhead . It can be used with a conventional pressure fuze or a tilt rod fuze . The mine can be used with an electronic fuze with an adjustable electronic arming delay , self neutralization period , and self - destruct period .
4th Armoured Brigade ( Australia ) The Australian 4th Armoured Brigade was formed in January 1943 to provide armoured support for Australian Army units operating in the South West Pacific Area . The Brigade was never intended to serve as a single formation , rather its role was to provide a pool of armoured units from which units and sub - units could be provided to augment infantry forces . The Brigade was also responsible for developing doctrine and specialised armoured vehicles for armoured warfare in tropical terrain . In keeping with the Brigade ' s task of providing armoured units to other formations , the Brigade ' s armoured regiments were organised into self - supporting regimental groups and the Brigade did not possess the reconnaissance , infantry and other supporting elements which were common in Second World War era armoured brigades . The 4th Armoured Brigade was disbanded in March 1946 . Composition . Upon formation Upon disbandment
Fliegerfaust The Fliegerfaust ( lit . " pilot fist " or " plane fist " ) , also known as the " Luftfaust " ( lit . " air fist " ) , was a prototype unguided , man - portable , German multi - barreled ground - to - air rocket launcher , designed to destroy enemy ground attack planes . Overview . Designed by HASAG ( Hugo Schneider AG ) of Leipzig in 1944 , the " Luftfaust " was produced in two different versions . The first version , the " Fliegerfaust " A , had four 20 mm caliber barrels . These fired 20 mm projectiles weighing 90 g and containing 19 g of explosive , propelled by means of a small rocket . The second version , the " Fliegerfaust " B ( " " Luftfaust " " ) increased the length of the barrels , and added another 5 barrels , for a total of 9 barrels . The weapon had a total length of 150 cm and weighed 6 . 5 kg . The firing sequence was that the first 4 rounds from every second barrel were fired immediately and the remaining five 0 . 1 second later to avoid damaging the projectiles themselves by the rockets ' exhaust fumes and from interfering with their courses . Although some sources state the barrels were fired individually with a delay of 2 seconds between each ignition . Stabilisation of the rocket in flight was not by means of fins but by four small angled holes drilled around the exhaust venturi the effect of which was to take a small proportion of the rockets thrust and turn it into rotational thrust spinning the missile along its axis , imparting stability through spin , just like rifling in a gun barrel spins the bullet making it more stable in flight . A six barrel 30 mm prototype was also constructed . Combat use . The " Fliegerfaust " was not a successful weapon because of its small effective range caused by too large dispersion of projectiles and the designed range of 500 meters was never attained . Although large orders for the weapon were placed in 1945 , and with 10 , 000 launchers and 4 million rockets ordered , only 80 of these weapons were ever used in combat trials , in this case by a unit based at Saarbrücken . However , a 1945 photograph of the Hotel Adlon in Berlin clearly shows at least 3 expended Fliegerfaust B ' s lying in the rubble . The Adlon sat directly opposite the Brandenburg gate in central Berlin , meaning that issue may have been more widespread than assumed .
Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine The Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine ( AFIRM ) is a federally funded institution in the United States , which is committed to develop clinical therapies for the following five areas : The Institute was established in 2008 by the United States Department of Defense .
Royal Aircraft Factory H . R . E . 2 The Royal Aircraft Factory H . R . E . 2 was intended as a Naval reconnaissance floatplane . The single example built was serving with the Royal Naval Air Service at the start of World War I . Design and development . The H . R . E . 2 was the second aircraft designed by the Royal Aircraft Factory under its Reconnaissance Experimental designation . This team was headed by Chief Engineer Fred Green , but details were by John Kenworthy , who had designed the derivatives of the B . E . 3 , The H stood for hydroplane ( sea - or float plane ) , for the specification came from the Air Department of the Admiralty for the Naval Wing of the R . F . C . It was a two bay biplane with staggered wings of equal span and equal , constant chord . Lateral control was by wing warping . The fuselage was flat sided with a deep rounded decking similar to that of the earlier R . E . 1 , though the front cockpit was much longer and more open - sided in the later aircraft . The pilot sat behind , just aft of the wing trailing edge ; there was no cut - out for visibility . The elevator and tailplane were both single piece surfaces . Though it was intended as a floatplane powered by a 100 hp ( 75 kW ) 12 - cylinder Renault engine , it initially flew as a landplane with the smaller 70 hp Renault aircooled upright V - 6 as used in the R . E . 1 . In this configuration the rudder was mounted above and clear of the tail plane , leaving room for the one piece elevators and having the same shape , roughly a flattened oval with its long axis parallel with the fuselage , as that of the B . E . 3 . The landplane version was often referred to as the R . E . 2 . The floats of the H . R . E . 2 were fitted at the same time as the more powerful engine . They were typical of the time : a pair of main short floats were mounted to the fuselage by two pairs of struts , those at the front sloping back to around the engine bulkhead and the aft pair running vertically to the point where the front wing spar joined the fuselage . The aircraft sat tail down in the water , the rear supported by a third small double float . A triangular fin was fitted and a new teardrop shaped rudder , cropped at the bottom , mounted on it . The elevator hinge was near the trailing edge of the rudder , giving the elevator clearance to move . The fin and rudder design was essentially repeated on the later R . E . 3 . The aircraft was seriously damaged in an attempted take off from Frensham Pond and then rebuilt as a landplane once again , fitted with ailerons rather than wing warping . It kept the revised fin and rudder and had a two wheeled , single axle undercarriage mounted on two longitudinal members that projected forwards to form " hockey stick " anti - nose - over skids like those of the B . E . 1 . In this form it served with the Royal Naval Air Service ( RNAS ) as aircraft no . 17 and was still in service at the start of World War I . It was wrecked in a crash on 10 February 1915 .
Armand Bouchart Armand Bouchart was a Templar who commanded a small garrison during the Templar rule of Cyprus in 1192 . Life . Little is known about Bouchart other than the period during Cyprus ' reign under the Templar Grand Master , Robert de Sablé , who , at that period , was not able to leave a huge garrison on Cyprus , as the army was needed to do battle elsewhere . All that remained on Cyprus were 14 to 20 Templars . Still this small garrison under the command of Armand Bouchart was scarcely enough to properly occupy the island . The men sent to look after the island were warriors and not administrators . Soon after arriving on Cyprus , Templar arrogance was clearly shown . They started disrespecting the island ' s barons and citizens and began taking what they wanted . This ill treatment soon came to its peak and the populace revolted . Bouchart and his knights sought shelter in the Templar castle in order to regroup . They bolted out of the castle in full armor and assaulted the Cypriots . The massacre was over in minutes and the revolt was halted for the time being . Bouchart told de Sablé that his small number of men was insufficient to hold the island and that another revolt must surely be around the corner . It was decided that the island of Cyprus would have to go and therefore , it was sold to Guy of Lusignan . Representations in popular culture . Armand Bouchart is featured in the video game as the main antagonist and Grand Master of the Templar Order . He seeks the " Apple of Eden " , which allows its user to control the minds of people and make them carry out the bidding of whoever is using it .