naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2012 Gorno - Badakhshan clashes The Gorno - Badakhshan clashes consisted of fighting between Tajik government forces and an armed group led by Tolib Ayombekov in Tajikistan ' s semi - autonomous Gorno - Badakhshan province in late July 2012 . The Western media described the fighting as the worst in Tajikistan since 2010 or the 1992 – 1997 civil war . Background . On 21 July 2012 , Major - General Abdullo Nazarov , head of the Tajik intelligence agency ' s branch in Gorno - Badakhshan , was fatally stabbed in Ishkashim after being dragged out of his car . The Tajik government accused the forces of Tolib Ayombekov , a former warlord , of responsibility . Ayombekov had been a warlord during the Tajik Civil War between the United Tajik Opposition and the government as led by President Emomali Rakhmon . He was given a government post in a subsequent peace deal . However , Ayombekov and other warlords were gradually driven out as Rakhmon again centralised power . Rakhmon ' s government had also accused Ayombekov of tobacco smuggling . Ayombekov denied any responsibility for Nazarov ' s death , stating that the general had been killed in a simple bar fight after he fell and struck his head on a rock . Clashes . After the government announced that " Ayombekov and his accomplices have declined to face justice , " phone and internet communications were cut off to the Gorno - Badakhshan capital of Khorog . Tajikistan ' s most popular news website was also shut down and the personnel of international aid groups were evacuated . Roadblocks were erected on roads leading into the area . Tajik military forces then moved into the province after which " heavy fighting " ensued on 24 July with militants loyal to Ayombekov in the streets of Khorog . Ayombekov estimated in an interview that 800 Tajik soldiers had been deployed to the area . Residents reported seeing armored vehicles and helicopter gunships . State - owned television reported that 23 soldiers had been wounded , but no soldiers or civilians had been killed . Initial casualty reports varied . BBC News reported at least 12 soldiers and 30 militants had been killed , but also spoke with a hospital source who reported more than 100 military personnel and 100 civilians dead . The Associated Press cited an unnamed government source as stating that at least twenty soldiers had been killed , while the chief military prosecutor , Khairullo Saidov , suffered a foot injury . Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty reported that snipers had killed at least six civilians , including children . Al Jazeera reported 12 dead soldiers and 30 dead rebels , as well as more than 20 wounded soldiers . President Rakhmon ordered a halt to operations the following day , stating that rebel commanders had agreed to make " concessions , " and called on all Gorno - Badakhshan militant groups to disarm . Reuters reported that Defence Minister Sherali Khairulloyev had traveled to the area to offer amnesty to all militant leaders who surrendered .
Mikhail Malofeyev Mikhail Yuryevich Malofeyev ( ) ( 1956 – January 18 , 2000 ) was a Russian general who went missing in Grozny , Chechnya , in January 2000 , amidst conflicting reports , including claims of his capture . His body was later found in the city . He was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Russia .
Battle of Gammelsdorf The Battle of Gammelsdorf ( ) was fought at Gammelsdorf on 9 November 1313 between Bavaria and Austria . The Bavarians were led by Louis the Bavarian , while the Austrians were led by Frederick I , Louis ' cousin . The Bavarians were victorious , forcing Frederick to renounce his tutelage over the Lower Bavarian dukes .
Willard Keith Willard Woodward Keith , Jr . ( June 13 , 1920 – November 3 , 1942 ) was a United States Marine Corps officer who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroic actions during the World War II Battle of Guadalcanal . Two cancelled United States Navy destroyer escort s and the destroyer USS " Willard Keith " ( DD - 775 ) were named in his honor . Biography . Willard Keith was born in Berkeley , California on June 13 , 1920 . He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve on April 18 , 1939 and served as an enlisted man until he received an honorable discharge on November 3 , 1940 to take an appointment as a 2nd lieutenant in the Reserves on the following day . Keith was called to active duty on February 20 , 1941 , and served " stateside " until his unit was transferred to the South Pacific in the spring of 1942 to build up for the first Allied offensive in that theater — the Battle of Guadalcanal . Promoted to captain , Keith led Company " G , " 2nd Battalion , 5th Marines ( 2 / 5 ) , from the initial phase of the Guadalcanal campaign . He landed with them at Tulagi on August 7 , 1942 . By that autumn , the campaign on Guadalcanal was still a hard - fought one . In an offensive aimed against Japanese artillery positions sited beyond the Matanikau River and within range of the important Henderson Field airstrip , the 2nd Battalion was assigned the left flank position . Initial elements of the battalion crossed the Matanikau in rubber boats before dawn on November 3 , 1942 , supported effectively by dive bomber strikes , artillery , and naval gunfire . That afternoon , Captain Keith led his company against a Japanese strong - point that was entrenched on high ground and concealed by heavy jungle grown . The defending Japanese platoon was reinforced with heavy machine gun s . Realizing that neither mortar nor artillery fire could reach the Japanese positions , determined to evict the Japanese , Keith initiated and led successive bayonet and hand grenade charges in the face of heavy fire . Although the Japanese platoon was annihilated , Capt . Keith was struck in the head by a bullet and killed instantly . For his heroic actions , Captain Willard W . Keith , Jr . was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for a " grim determination and aggressive devotion to duty " in keeping with the " highest traditions of the naval service . " The 1st Marine Division ( Reinforced ) — of which the 2nd Battalion , 5th Marines was a part — received the Presidential Unit Citation . Namesakes . The destroyer escort USS " Willard Keith " ( DE - 754 ) was named for Captain Keith , but was cancelled during construction in 1943 . Another destroyer escort , USS " Willard Keith " ( DE - 314 ) then was named for him , but in 1944 also was cancelled during construction . Finally , USS " Willard Keith " ( DD - 775 ) , an " Allen M . Sumner " - class destroyer , was named in his honor and was in commission from 1944 to 1972 .
Romeo - class submarine The Project 633 class ( known in the West by its NATO reporting name as the Romeo class ) is a class of Soviet diesel - electric submarine , built in the 1950s . The origin of the Romeo class can be traced to the World War II German Type XXI " Elektroboot " U - boat . At the end of World War II , the Soviets obtained several Type XXIs , from which they were able to obtain certain key technologies . These technologies assisted in the design of the Zulu - and Whiskey - class . Further improvements on the design led to the Romeo class , which was designed by Lazurit Central Design Bureau ( " Lazurit " is the Russian word for lazurite ) . Only 20 of the Soviet Union ' s originally intended 56 were completed between October 1957 and the end of December 1961 because of the introduction of the nuclear submarine into the Soviet Navy . By today ' s standards Romeo class submarines are considered obsolete , but still have some value as training and surveillance vessels . Operators of Romeo class submarine . Several navies operate or have operated Romeo class submarines : Chinese Romeo class submarines and their derivatives . Under the 1950 Sino - Soviet Friendship and Mutual Assistance Treaty , the Soviets passed to China ( and later to North Korea ) the documentation necessary to produce Romeo submarines in 1963 . The Chinese variant is known as the Type 033 Romeo . A total of 84 Type 033 submarines were built in China from 1962 to 1984 , plus several exported to other countries . The Chinese Type 033 incorporated some improvements over the original Romeo , including noise reduction of 20 dB . Sonar on board was also continuously upgraded : the original Soviet sonar was first replaced by domestic Chinese Type 105 sonar , which consequently was replaced by H / SQ2 - 262A sonar built by No . 613 Factory . Today most of the Type 033 subs have been retired or preserved , with few remaining for training purposes . A total of six Chinese Romeo class submarine was developed : In the 1970s , China ' s Wuhan Ship Development and Design Institute ( 701 Institute ) built an improved submarine based on the Type 033 hull , named Type 035 Ming . The 035 Ming had an improved diesel - electric engine , improved hull design with less hydrodynamic resistance , better underwater speed , and a more capable sonar , the H / SQZ - 262 built by No . 613 Factory replacing the Type 105 sonar used on Type 033 submarines . A total of 21 Type 035 Ming sub were built between 1971 and 2000 . There are at least 4 known variants of the Type 035 Ming , ES5C , ES5D , ES5E , and ES5F . The last variant , ES5F , is sometimes referred to as the Type 035G , and upgrades included H / SQZ - 262C sonar built by No . 613 Factory replacing the original H / SQZ - 262 used on the original Type 035 submarines . Today , 17 Type 035 Ming subs remain in service with the People ' s Liberation Army Navy ( PLAN ) . One Type 035 Ming is said to have been modified as a test - bed for new Air Independent Propulsion ( AIP ) system . References . " The Encyclopedia Of Warships , From World War 2 To The Present Day " , General Editor Robert Jackson .
HMS Centurion ( 1844 ) HMS " Centurion " was a two - deck 80 - gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 2 May 1844 at Pembroke Dockyard . In 1855 she was fitted with screw propulsion . " Centurion " was sold out of the navy in 1870 .
13th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry The 13th Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 13th Kentucky Cavalry was organized at Columbia , Kentucky and mustered in for one year on December 22 , 1863 under the command of Colonel James W . Weatherford . The regiment was attached to District of South Central Kentucky , 1st Division , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to January 1864 . District of Southwest Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to April 1864 . 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , District of Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to July 1864 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , District of Kentucky , to January 1865 . The 13th Kentucky Cavalry mustered out of service at Camp Nelson on January 10 , 1865 . Detailed service . Duty at Lebanon and protecting country south of Lebanon until June 1864 . Cumberland River , Ky . , November 26 , 1863 . Creelsborough and Celina December 7 . Cumberland River March 19 , 1864 . Obey ' s River March 28 ( detachment ) . Expedition to Obey ' s River April 18 – 20 . Wolf River May 18 . Operations against Morgan May 31 - June 30 . Cynthiana June 12 . Liberty June 17 . Canton and Roaring Springs August 22 . At Camp Burnside August 26 - September 16 . Ordered to Mt . Sterling September 16 . Burbridge ' s Expedition into southwest Virginia September 20 - October 17 . Saltville , Va . , October 2 . At Mt . Sterling , Lexington and Crab Orchard , Ky . , until December 17 . At Camp Nelson , Ky . , until January 10 , 1865 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 94 men during service ; 1 officer and 9 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 1 officer and 83 enlisted men died of disease .
Battle of Salla ( 1939 ) The Battle of Salla was fought between Finnish and Soviet troops near Salla in northern Finland during the Winter War . The Soviets had orders to advance through Salla to Kemijärvi and Sodankylä , and from there to Rovaniemi in just two weeks . From there they were to advance to Tornio and cut Finland in two . The Finnish troops managed to stop the Soviet advance just east of Kemijärvi . During the last days of February 1940 the Finnish troops were replaced with the Swedish , Norwegian and Danish volunteers of the Stridsgruppen SFK . Order of battle . Finland . There were only a few Finnish troops in the area at the start of the war . The 17th Separate Battalion ( " Er . P 17 " ) or the " Salla Battalion " was mobilized before the war . Its main components came from a company of the Frontier Guard . The Finnish troops were part of the Lapland Group ( " Lapin Ryhmä " ) which was commanded by Major General Kurt Martti Wallenius . Soviet Union . The Soviets attacked with 122nd Division ; it was planned to use also the 88th Division , but this division didn ' t participate in combat because of low supplies . The battle . Soviet troops pushed the Finns up to the Kemijoki river , but weren ' t able to break through the Finnish defences on the river . On January 13 , the Soviet 9th Army ordered the 122nd Division to retreat to the Märkäjärvi village . After this no major combat operations took place , apart from small skirmishes .
Salyut 2 Salyut 2 ( OPS - 1 ) ( meaning " Salute 2 " ) was a Soviet space station which was launched in 1973 as part of the Salyut program me . It was the first Almaz military space station to fly . Within two weeks of launch the station had lost attitude control and depressurised , leaving it unusable . It decayed from orbit by 28 May 1973 , without any crews having visited it . Spacecraft . Salyut 2 was an Almaz military space station . It was designated part of the Salyut programme in order to conceal the existence of the two separate space station programmes . Salyut 2 was with a diameter of , and had an internal habitable volume of . At launch it had a mass of . A single aft - mounted docking port was intended for use by Soyuz spacecraft carrying cosmonauts to work aboard the station . Two solar arrays mounted at the aft end of the station near the docking port provided power to the station , generating a total of 3 , 120 watts of electricity . The station was equipped with 32 attitude control thrusters , as well as two RD - 0225 engines , each capable of generating of thrust , for orbital manoeuvres . Launch . Salyut 2 was launched from Site 81 / 23 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome , atop a three - stage Proton - K rocket , serial number 283 - 01 . The launch took place at 09 : 00 : 00 UTC on 3 April 1973 , and successfully placed Salyut 2 into low Earth orbit . Upon reaching orbit , Salyut 2 was assigned the International Designator 1973 - 017A , whilst NORAD gave it the Satellite Catalog Number 06398 . The third stage of the Proton - K rocket entered orbit along with Salyut 2 . On 4 April , it was catalogued in a orbit , inclined at 51 . 4 degrees . Failure . Three days after the launch of Salyut 2 , the Proton ' s spent third stage exploded . Thirteen days into its mission , Salyut 2 began to depressurise , and its attitude control system malfunctioned . An inquiry into the failure initially determined that a fuel line had burst , burning a hole in the station . It was later discovered that a piece of debris from the third stage had collided with the station , causing the damage . Several pieces of debris separated from the space station at around the time of its failure , including both solar panels , which removed its ability to generate power . Three pieces of debris from the station were catalogued , and had decayed from orbit by 13 May . The remainder of the station reentered the atmosphere on May 28 , 1973 over the Pacific Ocean .
Battle of Sevan The Battle of Sevan ( Armenian : ) was a turning point in the history of a seven - year war . After the battle , Armenian troops under the command of Ashot cleared the central and northern region of the country from foreign invaders . Background . In the year 924 , the armies of Yusuf Beshir entered Armenia , hoping to take advantage of the temporary conflicts of the Armenian king and his subjects , near Lake Sevan . He then besieged Ashot II . Hoping to overwhelm them by the superiority of their forces , Beshir had started arrangements for the surrender of the Armenians . The Armenians made a formal agreement , but by the next day in the morning , Ashot II had formed 70 of their best archers and headed towards Beshir , s camps , with seven archers for each boat . Enemy soldiers , assuming quick victory , had gathered around on the shore and the Armenian archers had gave out heavy fire into the enemy forces , The Arab army took to flight , and were defeated . Siege . Yusuf , who had received information that Ashot had retired on the island of Sevan , then sent Nusir , a chief to capture Ashot the king . Nusir made it to Duin , where he captured several people . Later Nusir was succeed by Beshir , a chief who took his place . Beshir then sent 1 , 000 of his men to attack the island and capture the king . Beshir was met by George the Marzbedunian . With his little army , they attacked Beshir ' s army , and killed the enemy in great numbers , which had caused them to flee . Beshir did not expect this defeat . He then gathered more troops and went after George the Marzbedunian . He had failed to capture him . Beshir approached Lake Sevan . Ashot prepared ten boats , where he placed archers with great skills with the bow . It was said for each arrow was with such precision that it never missed killing or wounding the target . Bushir ' s army ultimately fled in defeat .
Confederate States Secretary of State The Confederate States Secretary of State was the head of the Confederate States State Department from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War . There were three people who served the position in this time . The department crumbled with the Confederate States of America in May 1865 , marking the end of the war .
Antonov An - 14 The Antonov An - 14 Pchelka ( , " Little Bee " , ( NATO reporting name Clod ) was a Soviet utility aircraft which was first flown on 15 March 1958 . It was a twin - engined light STOL utility transport , with two 300 hp Ivchenko AI - 14 RF radial piston engines . Serial production started in 1966 , and about 300 examples were built by the time production ended in 1972 . The An - 14 failed to replace the more successful An - 2 biplane , which was manufactured until 1990 , ( the An - 2 is still manufactured on special orders ) . The An - 14 ' s successor , the An - 28 with turboprop engines , is still manufactured at PZL Mielec factories in Poland under the names PZL M28 Skytruck and PZL M28B Bryza . With very stable flight characteristics , the An - 14 could be flown by most after a few hours of basic training . A small number of An - 14 are still in airworthy condition .
Bunei ( Ryukyu ) Bunei ( 武寧 ) ( r . 1398 – 1406 ) , also known as Wuning , was the last king of Chūzan , one of three kingdoms on the island of Okinawa , before it was united into the Ryūkyū Kingdom by Shō Hashi . Biography . Bunei inherited the throne upon the death of his father , King Satto . His reign saw the continuation of many of the previous trends and developments ; in particular , Bunei sought to continue to develop commercial ties between Ryūkyū and China . A special headquarters was built in Naha for Chinese envoys and similar missions , and a trading center was established nearby . In addition , the royal annals began to be compiled ; the " Rekidai Hoan " ( Treasury of Royal Succession ) was first compiled in 1403 . This period saw a great proliferation of trade and cultural interaction between the three Okinawan kingdoms and other states in the region ; sources seem to indicate , however , that only Chūzan successfully established relations with the Ashikaga shogunate of Japan in this period . An embassy was sent to Siam in 1409 , and relations with kingdoms in Java and Sumatra remained strong , having been established some time earlier by traders . All three Okinawan kingdoms , Chūzan , Hokuzan , and Nanzan , sent emissaries to Korea in 1397 , likely separately , and established strong friendly relations with the newly formed Joseon dynasty . From Korea , Chūzan saw a great influx of Buddhist ideas and objects , and it is believed that Shintō first entered Okinawa in a significant way at this time as well , from Japan . Naha became the busiest port on the island at this time , bringing wealth and prestige to Chūzan over its neighboring kingdoms , and enhancing already heightened tensions . The lords of both Hokuzan and Nanzan died around the same time as Bunei ' s father Satto , and since China never recognized more than one king ( or prince , in the Chinese view ) of Okinawa , all three clamored to be officially invested by the Chinese Imperial Court as the sole ruler of all of Okinawa . However , due to the recent chaos in Nanking , which was taken by force by Zhu Di , installing himself as Ming Emperor , Bunei ' s request lay unanswered for eleven years . A missive was finally sent in 1406 . Meanwhile , a local lord ( " anji " ) named Hashi led a small rebellion in 1402 , and brought down the lord of Azato district , near the site of the Chūzan palace at Urasoe . It is not clear exactly what discussions took place inside the royal court , or what actions were considered , but nothing was done for five years . In 1406 , less than one year after Bunei was officially recognized as king ( " prince " ) of Chūzan by China , Hashi led a larger rebellion , ousting Bunei and establishing Shō Shishō , Hashi ' s father , as King of Chūzan . Though records do not indicate the details of Bunei ' s fate , it is likely that he either died at the hands of the rebels , or escaped to some distant island to live out the rest of his days in relative solitude .
HMS Royal Oak ( 1769 ) HMS " Royal Oak " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 13 November 1769 at Plymouth . She fought at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 . " Royal Oak " was converted for use as a prison ship in 1796 , and was broken up in 1815 .
No . 640 Squadron RAF No . 640 Squadron RAF was a heavy bomber squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . History . No . 640 Squadron was first formed at RAF Leconfield , East Riding of Yorkshire on 7 January 1944 , from ' C ' Flight of No . 158 Squadron RAF . It was equipped with Halifax Mk . III bombers , and operated as part of No . 4 Group in Bomber Command . It re - equipped with Halifax VI bombers in March 1945 , and was disbanded at RAF Leconfield on 7 May of that year .
2nd CCNN Division " Fiamme Nere " 2nd CCNN Division " Fiamme Nere " ( " Black Flames " ) , was one of the three Blackshirts Divisions sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War to make up the " Corpo Truppe Volontarie " ( Corps of Volunteer Troops ) , or CTV . Order of battle for the Battle of Guadalajara . 2nd CCNN Division " Fiamme Nere " - Bgd . Gen . Guido Amerigo Coppi The Blackshirt ( Camicie Nere , or CCNN ) Divisions contained regular soldiers and volunteer militia from the Fascist Party . The CCNN divisions were semi - motorised .