naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
List of German World War II jet aces This list of German World War II jet aces has a sortable table of notable German jet ace pilots during World War II . Background . A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat ( The Germans traditionally set the threshold at 10 victories . ) . During World War II , hundreds of German Luftwaffe fighter pilots achieved this feat flying contemporary piston engine fighter aircraft . However , only 28 pilots are credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft while flying a jet - powered aircraft . Jet aircraft made their World War II combat debut when " Leutnant " Alfred Schreiber , flying Messerschmitt Me 262 A - 1a " W . Nr . 130 017 " ( German language : " Werknummer " – factory serial number ) , attacked a No . 540 Squadron Royal Air Force Mosquito PR XVI ( a photo - reconnaissance aircraft ) over the Alps on 26 July 1944 . Although often referred to as the first aerial victory by a jet fighter in aviation history , the damaged Mosquito managed to return to an Allied airfield in Italy . The first jet victory was therefore the confirmed destruction of another No . 540 Squadron reconnaissance Mosquito PR XVI , which was shot down by " Leutnant " Joachim Weber over Ohlstadt on 8 August 1944 . By 1944 – 45 the German Luftwaffe committed three new types of jet - or rocket - propelled fighters to combat operations . Besides the Me 262 , the rocket propelled Me 163 " Komet " and the He 162 " Volksjäger " had become operational . Although a few claims were made by pilots of the Me 163 and He 162 , no pilot achieved ace status on either of these two types . German jet aces . The list is initially sorted by the number of jet victories claimed .
BNS Kapatakhaya BNS " Kapatakhaya " is an Island Class Offshore patrol vessel of the Bangladeshi Navy , built as the Royal Navy offshore patrol vessel , HMS " Shetland " ( P298 ) . History . The vessel was laid down in 1975 by Hall , Russell & Company in Aberdeen . Modelled on the ocean - going trawlers , FPV Jura ( 1973 ) and FPV Westra ( 1974 ) , HMS " Shetland " was launched on 22 October 1976 . " Shetland " became a temporary Royal Yacht when Prince Charles ' helicopter was grounded by fog during a royal visit to the Isles of Scilly , transporting him to Penzance . In 1992 , " Shetland " seized cocaine with a street value of £30 million from a British - registered oil rig support vessel , east of Newcastle . In 1978 , Shetland saved the trawler " Random Harvest " , on fire in the North Sea . Once decommissioned by the Royal Navy , " Shetland " was sold to Bangladesh ' s Navy in 2003 / 04 , along with 4 other ships of the same class to protect the Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ ) in Bay of Bengal . She was renamed BNS " Kapatakhaya " . Career . The island class patrol boats were built to enforce a fishing zone around the UK , netting hundreds of thousands of pounds in fines . The " Kapatakhaya " is currently under the command of the Commodore Commanding Khulna ( COMKHUL ) . About 100 personnel serve at " Kapatakhaya " , which is categorized as Large Offshore Patrol Vessel by Bangladesh Navy .
Grosseto Airport Grosseto Airport ( ) is an airport in central Italy , located west of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany . Although it is classified as a " joint use " facility , Grosseto Air Base is primarily an Italian Air Force ( Aeronautica Militare ) Base , home of the 4th Stormo , equipped with the Eurofighter Typhoon . However , the facility is used as a commercial airport by civilian charter flights and private aircraft . History . During World War II the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force . The 86th Fighter Group flew P - 47 Thunderbolt s from the field between 17 September and 6 November 1944 . Later , the 57th Fighter Group , used the airfield from 24 September 1944 to 29 April 1945 , and later between 7 May and 15 July 1945 , flying combat operations with P - 40 Warhawk s . Facilities . The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level . It has two asphalt paved runways : 03L / 21R measuring and 03R / 21L measuring .
USS Goldcrest ( AM - 78 ) USS " Goldcrest " ( AM - 78 ) was a minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . Career . Originally classified " Agate " ( AM - 78 ) , " Agate " became " PYc - 4 " , 20 December 1940 . She was built in 1930 by Mathis Yacht Building Co . , Camden , New Jersey . as " Armina " ( later renamed " Stella Polaris " ) ; acquired by the Navy 27 October 1940 ; and commissioned 31 January 1941 . Throughout most of World War II " Agate " was assigned to the 15th Naval District where she patrolled the Panama Canal . She departed the Panama Canal Zone 12 August 1944 en route to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . There she was decommissioned 29 September 1944 . She was turned over to the Maritime Commission for disposal 3 July 1945 .
Battle of Carnifex Ferry The Battle of Carnifex Ferry took place on September 10 , 1861 , in Nicholas County , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) , as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War . The battle resulted in a Union strategic victory that contributed to the eventual Confederate withdrawal from western Virginia . The campaign helped pave the way for the subsequent creation of the separate state of West Virginia . The Battle . In late August 1861 , Confederate forces under Brig . Gen . John B . Floyd crossed the Gauley River and surprised the 7th Ohio Infantry under Col . Erastus Tyler at Kessler ' s Cross Lanes . Outnumbered , Tyler ' s inexperienced men routed , and Floyd camped near Carnifex Ferry . The Confederates began throwing up entrenchments on the Henry Patteson farm ( located on the rim of the Gauley River Canyon near Summersville ) . Concerned about Floyd ' s drive to reclaim the Kanawha Valley , Union Brigadier General William S . Rosecrans led three brigade s of infantry southward from Clarksburg to support Tyler ' s regrouped regiment . Moving into position on the afternoon of September 10 , Rosecrans advanced against Floyd ' s campsite and attacked . The Confederate lines repulsed the attacks and the Federal casualties were significantly higher than the defenders . The strength of Rosecrans ' s artillery proved to be problematic however , and Floyd decided to retreat that night across the ferry to the south side of the Gauley River . He subsequently moved eastward to Meadow Bluff near Lewisburg . Floyd , seeking to deflect the blame , placed the responsibility for the defeat on his co - commander Brigadier General Henry A . Wise , furthering the dissension that marked the Confederate high command in western Virginia . Battlefield preservation . In October 1935 , the battlefield was preserved as Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park .
50th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 50th Infantry Regiment is a United States Army infantry regiment . Lineage . In addition to the 1st Battalion , the separate Company E ( Long Range Patrol ) , 50th Infantry , was active with the 9th Infantry Division in Vietnam . Also , Company F ( LRP ) , 50th Infantry , was active in Vietnam with the 25th Infantry Division . Vietnam War Memorial . " In remembrance of those killed while serving with the 1st Battalion , 50th United States Infantry Regiment during the War in Vietnam . 1967 - 1970 . May God have mercy on their souls and grant them peace . " Motto . The unit ' s motto " Play the Game " was taken from " Vitai Lampada " ( " They Pass On The Torch of Life " ) , a poem written in 1892 by Sir Henry Newbolt ( 1862 – 1938 ) . A Silver color metal and enamel device in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned : Argent , on a pale wavy Azure a dolphin hauriant embowed of the field , on a canton of the second the totem pole of the 23d Infantry Tenné . Attached below the shield a Silver scroll inscribed “ PLAY THE GAME ” in Blue letters . The Regiment was organized in 1917 at Syracuse , New York , by drafts of personnel from the 23d Infantry . The shield is white and blue for Infantry . The device of Syracuse is a dolphin . The parentage of the Regiment is indicated in the canton . The 23rd took over Alaska in 1867 and this is commemorated by the crest of that Regiment which is an eagle , the new owner America , upon a plate which is upon the head of a bear , the old owner Russia , the story being that the old owner gave a feast to the new owner when the country changed hands . The 50th ’ s overseas service in World War I was in the Army of Occupation in the Rhine country indicated by the pale with wavy edges . It had been under orders for Silesia at the time of the Armistice . The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 50th Armored Infantry Regiment on 14 October 1942 . It was redesignated for the 50th Armored Infantry Battalion on 10 November 1943 . The insignia was redesignated for the 50th Infantry Regiment on 25 November 1958 .
Coats Mission From 1941 to 1942 a special British army unit existed for the purpose of evacuating King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and their immediate family in the event of German invasion . Led by Major James Coats , MC , Coldstream Guards , later Lieutenant - Colonel Sir James Coats , Bt , it comprised a company of the Coldstream Guards . There were five officers and 124 Guardsmen . They were equipped with ten vehicles - four armoured cars , two armoured Daimlers , and four Guy wheeled cars manned by the 12th Lancers and the Northamptonshire Yeomanry , in the Morris Detachment ( commanded by Major W . A . ( Tim ) Morris , 12th Lancers ) . They were based in Bushy Park , London . The Guy wheeled cars were at Windsor . The role of the unit , which supplemented the Guards battalions at London and Windsor , was to remove the Royal Family ahead of the advancing Wehrmacht . It would be expected that the Royal Family would move from house to house as the strategic and tactical situation demanded . Several country houses in remote locations , reportedly including Newby Hall , North Yorkshire , Pitchford Hall , Shropshire , Madresfield Court ( Earl Beauchamp ' s home in Worcestershire ) , and a fourth unnamed house ( possibly Bevere Manor , Worcestershire ) , were designated as refuges . Madresfield Court reportedly replaced Croome Court , Worcester ( the home of the Earl of Coventry ) in 1940 . It was also a safe house for King George III in the late eighteenth century , in the event of an invasion by Napoleon . The mission was disbanded in 1942 after there was no longer a realistic threat of German invasion .
Battle of Berlengas Islands The Battle of Berlengas Islands took place off the Portuguese coast on 15 July 1591 , during the war between Elizabeth I of England and Philip II of Spain . It was fought between an English privateer squadron under George Clifford , 3rd Earl of Cumberland , who had set out his fortunes by large - scale privateering , and a squadron of 5 Spanish galleys commanded by Francisco Coloma , who succeeded in taking one English ship and rescuing two prizes . Having undertook naval expeditions to the coasts of Spain in 1587 , 1588 and 1589 , in the spring of 1591 , the Earl of Cumberland sailed to Cape St . Vincent in a new privateering campaign with one royal ship , the 600 - ton galleon " Garland " , and four of his own , the 260 - ton " Sampson " , the " Golden Noble " , " Allegarta " , and the small pinnace " Discovery " . Sir William Monson of Stuart , later Admiral of the Royal Navy , was his second in command . Off the Spanish coast they took a pair of Dutch ships sailing from Lisbon with spices . Though the Dutch Republic was allied with England against the Spanish Crown , the ships took by the English squadron had on board goods of Portuguese merchants . The English squadron took further prizes : one ship loaded with wine and two with sugar , which were sent back to England . One of these ships had a leak in the hull and was forced to cast off . Its boarding crew was saved on the shore . The two other vessels met contraty winds and , lacking of provisions , were obliged to enter the port of A Coruña , where they were immediately taken . The English squadron , meanwhile , sailed to the Berlengas islands , a group of small islands off the Portuguese coast near the city of Peniche . There , the Earl of Cumberland ordered Monson to escort the Dutch prizes to England with Captain Peter Baily ' s " Golden Noble " . During the night , however , Cumberland ' s " Garland " and the other warships fell separated from Monson and the prizes . The " Golden Noble " was discovered by a squadron five Spanish galleys under Francisco Coloma , General of the " Armada de Guarda Costa " ( Coast - guard armada ) . Taking advantage of the calm , the Spanish galleys rowed up , engaged and took the English ships after a bloody fight . Captain Peter Baily and the principal men were killed in the fight . Coloma captured the 14 - gun , 150 - man man - of - war " Golden Noble " and recovered the Dutch prizes , a caravel and a zabre , at the slight cost of two men killed . Cumberland heard the artillery of Monson ' s ship in distance , but he was unable to come in relief because of contrary winds . After the action , Cumberland wrote to Archduke Albert , Spanish Viceroy of Portugal , requesting him that the English should be humanely treated or he would retaliate the injuries which they might suffer with " double severity " upon the Spaniards . Monson , who was among the prisoners , was carried to Portugal and imprisoned two years at Cascais and Lisbon , together with 6 other officers , being the sailors and soldiers provided of new clothing and freed .
627th Radar Squadron The 627th Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 32d Air Division , Air Defense Command ( ADC ) , stationed at Crystal Springs Air Force Station , Mississippi . It was inactivated on 8 September 1968 . The squadron was originally activated in 1946 as one of the first Aircraft Control & Warning Squadrons ( AC & W Sq ) when the Army Air Forces assumed the radar detaction mission from the Signal Corps in 1946 . Its mission was to provide air defense for the island of Guam . It was inactivated when its parent group moved from Guam to Okinawa . The unit was reactivated in 1957 as a General Surveillance Radar unit under ADC , providing for the air defense of the Gulf Coast of North America , although it was apparently only a paper unit without personnel or equipment until moving to its programmed site in Mississippi . In 1958 , the squadron provided support to contractors participating in the radar frequency diversity test program . In 1959 , the squadron joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment system and was redesignated as a Radar Squadron . It was discontinued and inactivated in 1968 , when the Department of Defense decided to draw down air defenses in the Gulf Coast region . Lineage . Assignments Stations
Tyne Turrets The Tyne Turrets were two 12 - inch Mk VIII guns from the battleship HMS " Illustrious " , installed in Roberts Battery at Hartley , near Seaton Sluice north of the Tyne , and Kitchener Battery in Marsden near Lizard Point south of the river . The batteries were planned in World War I but only commissioned in 1921 , and after a change of heart scrapped in 1926 . This very heavy armament was only rivalled by the Dover harbour Admiralty Pier Turret at the time . References . Hogg , R . , " The Tyne Turrets : coastal defence in the First World War " , " Fort " ( Fortress Study Group ) , ( 12 ) , 1984 , pp97 – 104
Juan Francisco Azcárate " " This article is about a 20th Century military officer and diplomat . For the Mexican independence leader , see Juan Francisco Azcárate y Ledesma . " Brigadier General Engineer Juan Francisco Azcárate Pino ( December 8 , 1896 – June 2 , 1987 ) was an officer in the Mexican military , a diplomat , and a designer of military aircraft . As chief of the department of aviation , he oversaw the manufacture of military aircraft of his own design at the National Aviation Workshops . He was later appointed military attaché to the Mexican embassy in the United States , and during World War II , was minister of the Mexican embassy in Germany . His published works include " Un Programa Político Internacional " ( 1932 ) , " Esencia de la Revolución " ( 1966 ) and " Trilogía Moderna Contemporánea ( 1978 ) " .
Edward Robinson ( VC ) Edward Robinson ( 17 June 1838 – 2 October 1896 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Robinson was 19 years old , and an able seaman in the Royal Navy , serving in the Naval Brigade from HMS " Shannon " during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich , London .
4th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 4th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 4th West Virginia was mustered into Federal service on June 17 , 1861 , at Grafton , Point Pleasant , and Mason City , Virginia . It was recruited primarily in Ohio from the counties of Meigs , Gallia , Lawrence and Athens , which contributed seven full companies . Among its early recruits was future United States Congressman John L . Vance , who would rise to the rank of lieutenant colonel . Toward the end of the war , the regiment ' s re - enlisting veterans were consolidated with the 1st West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 Year ) on December 21 , 1864 to form the 2nd West Virginia Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Casualties . The 4th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment suffered 3 officers and 80 enlisted men killed or fatally wounded in battle and 2 officers and 156 enlisted men dead from disease , a total of 241 fatalities .
Curtiss XF15C The Curtiss XF15C was a mixed - propulsion fighter prototype of the 1940s . Development . By the late 1940s , the United States Navy was interested in the mixed - power concept for its shipborne fighters - i . e . aircraft with a mixture of propellor and turbojet engines , such as the FR Fireball . As such , an order was placed with Curtiss on 7 April 1944 for delivery of three mixed - power aircraft , designated the F15C . Powered by both a 2 , 100 hp ( 1 , 566 kW ) Pratt & Whitney propellor engine , and an Allis - Chalmers J36 turbojet , the aircraft was in theory the fastest fighter in the US Navy at that time . Operational history . The first flight of the first prototype was on 27 February , without the turbojet installed . When this was completed in April of the same year , the aircraft flew several mixed - power trials , however on May 8 it crashed on a landing approach . The second prototype flew for the first time on 9 July , again in 1945 , and was soon followed by a third prototype . Both aircraft showed promise , however by October the Navy had lost interest in the mixed - power concept and cancelled further development .
Samuel M . Sampler Samuel M . Sampler ( January 27 , 1895 – November 19 , 1979 ) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I . Biography . Born on January 27 , 1895 , in Decatur , Texas , Sampler was raised in Audubon , New Jersey . He enlisted in the Army from Altus , Oklahoma , and served in Europe as a corporal with Company H of the 142nd Infantry Regiment , 36th Division . During an attack near Saint - Étienne - à - Arnes , France , on October 8 , 1918 , his company ' s advance was halted and they took heavy casualties from a German machine gun nest . Sampler single - handedly charged the hostile position and silenced it with hand grenades , killing two German soldiers and capturing 28 . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor the next year , in 1919 . Sampler ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : His company having suffered severe casualties during an advance under machinegun fire , was finally stopped . Cpl . Sampler detected the position of the enemy machineguns on an elevation . Armed with German handgrenades , which he had picked up , he left the line and rushed forward in the face of heavy fire until he was near the hostile nest , where he grenaded the position . His third grenade landed among the enemy , killing 2 , silencing the machineguns , and causing the surrender of 28 Germans , whom he sent to the rear as prisoners . As a result of his act the company was immediately enabled to resume the advance . Sampler died at age 84 on November 19 , 1979 , and was buried at Fort Myers Memorial Gardens in Fort Myers , Florida .
Lewis Zahm Lewis Zahm , sometimes spelled Louis Zahm , was a Union Civil War officer from Ohio who was commissioned a colonel on August 6 , 1861 , for organizing the 3rd Ohio Cavalry . He was honorably discharged on January 5 , 1863 . His promotion to brevet brigadier general of volunteers was dated March 13 , 1865 .
Air Force Combat Action Medal The Air Force Combat Action Medal ( AFCAM ) is a relatively new medal issued by the United States Air Force . It was first awarded on June 12 , 2007 for actions from September 11 , 2001 to a date to be determined and may be awarded posthumously . Criteria . For an airman to wear the AFCAM , a narrative explanation of the airman ' s involvement in combat activities must be submitted by a person with first - hand knowledge of the incident to the first O - 6 ( Colonel ) in their operational chain of command on an AF Form 3994 . The application will be processed through the chain of command and eventually be approved or disapproved by the Commander of Air Force Forces ( COMAFFOR ) . Combat conditions defined : For the purposes of this award , the combat conditions are met when : Or Additionally , personnel in ground operations who actively engage the enemy with direct and lethal fire may qualify even if no direct fire is taken — as long as there was risk of grave danger and other criteria are met . Central to the integrity of this combat recognition is the adherence to these combat conditions prerequisites . The AFCAM has no patch or badge equivalent for wear on the Airman Battle Uniform and other functional uniforms that are worn for daily duties and deployments . It is worn after the Air Force Achievement Medal and before the Presidential Unit Citation . Additional awards are denoted with 5 / 16 inch gold star devices . Design . In conjunction with the Army Institute of Heraldry , the medal was designed by Susan Gamble , a professional artist and Master Designer for the U . S . Mint . Her husband , Mike Gamble , is an Air Force colonel , and she was quoted by the Washington Post as saying , " It was just a real pleasure to give this back to the Air Force that ' s been part of my life . " She based the medal on an insignia painted on an aircraft piloted in World War I by General Billy Mitchell , generally known as the father of the Air Force . A laurel wreath surrounds an eagle emblem executed in a simple , linear Art Deco style . The eagle faces right , over the right talon clutching arrows , to reflect that this is a combat medal . The left talon clutches an olive branch . The ribbon ' s diagonal stripe at first could not be manufactured in the United States ; but military medals cannot be manufactured outside the U . S . This design problem was resolved when a mill in Bally , Pennsylvania , Bally Ribbon Mills , bought a new loom specifically to weave the diagonal stripe . A Rhode Island firm , Ira Green Inc . in Providence , made the metal parts . The medal is the only Federal award of the United States military to have a diagonally patterned ribbon , much like various British awards ( such as the Distinguished Flying Cross ) . Recipients . The first recipients of the medal awarded on June 12 , 2007 , were : The first posthumous recipient of the medal was A1C Elizabeth Jacobson . 7th recipient for actions on 15 , June 2007 Camp Bucca , Iraq Staff Sgt . Earnest L . Johnson III of Buchanan , Michigan 27 August 2007