naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Diocles of Syracuse Diocles of Syracuse was a legislator , orator , and political and military leader in the Greek city - state of Syracuse toward the end of the 5th century BC . Only a few years of his life have an historical account , from 413 to 408 BC . Orator . The historian Diodorus Siculus presents Diocles as a famous and respected orator , when he proposed , on the day following the victory over the Athenians in 413 BC , a punishment of the greatest severity against the vanquished : execution of Demosthenes and Nicias , the two Athenian generals , condemnation to slavery in the stone quarries for the Athenian soldiers , and the fate of being sold into slavery for the soldiers of the allies of Athens . Reinforced by the speech of Gylippus , that emphasized that a fate so cruel was intended for the Syracusans in case of Athenian victory , the suggestion was adopted against the opinion of those favoring clemency backed by the strategist Hermocrates . ( According to Plutarch and Thucydides , Gylippus wanted to take the two Athenian generals back to Sparta as proof of his own military success . ) Democratic legislator . After the victory of 413 BC , the Syracusans that actively participated in the defense of the city were in a position to demand democratic reforms , following the example of the favor given to political democracy in Athens following the Battle of Salamis that was won by an Athenian navy principally composed from the common people . Diocles first put into practice two measures : Military leader in failure . In 410 BC , Hermocrates was forced into exile and historians believe this event gave Diocles undisputed control of Syracuse . In 409 BC , Diocles was named at the head of an army of 4000 armed men to bring relief to Himera , which was being besieged by the Carthaginians led by Hannibal Mago , who had landed in Sicily with Iberian troops and won a first victory at the Battle of Selinus . The Syracusan expedition was a failure : after the first battle at Himera , the Syracusan army was forced to turn back in fear of a Carthaginian attack against Syracuse . Himera then fell and was razed , leaving to the Syracusans the only consolation of rescuing some Himeran women and children who fled with the Syracusan army . In 408 BC , some time after the Battle of Himera , Hermocrates returned to Sicily and had some military successes against the Carthaginians , turning Syracusan public opinion against Diocles . It is known that Diocles himself was forced into exile in 408 BC and seems to vanish from the historical record . It is believed that he died shortly afterwards , and there is a legend about his death , similar to those surrounding the deaths of Zaleucus and Charondas .
Rudolf Säumenicht Rudolf Säumenicht ( 13 February 1916 — 26 August 1944 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) , in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Rudolf Säumenicht was born on the 13 February 1916 at Harburg . He volunteered to join the SS and was selected to become an officer and posted to the SS - Junkerschule at Braunschweig . Upon graduation he was posted to the 3rd SS Panzer Division " Totenkopf " and participated in the Anschluss of Austria and the occupation of the Sudetenland . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in October 1943 , when with a kampfgruppe ( battle group ) consisting of one Panzer VI , five Panzer IV s and six Panzer III s , without orders , he launched a counterattack to halt a Russian breakthrough . Through this action 42 Soviet tanks were knocked out , for the loss of two tanks of their own . Rudolf Säumenicht was transferred to the 5th SS Panzer Division " Wiking " as the commander of the II . Battalion , 5th SS Panzer Regiment and was killed in action on 26 August 1944 near Czarnov , on the Bug River , Eastern Front .
List of mine warfare vessels of the United States Navy This is a list of mine warfare vessels of the United States Navy . British Minesweepers ( BAM ) . " For more vessels of this class see Catherine class minesweeper " Littoral Combat Ships ( LCS ) . The Littoral Combat Ships can carry Mine Warfare Modules which operate unmanned vehicles of various types for mine clearance operations . See also . Commander Mine Squadron SEVEN
John Pope ( naval officer ) John Pope ( 17 December 1798 – 14 January 1876 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . " The American Civil War general is discussed at : John Pope ( military officer ) . " Biography . Born in Sandwich , Massachusetts , Pope was appointed midshipman from Maine 30 May 1816 . Prior to the Civil War , he served in the Mediterranean , West Indian , Brazil , African and East India Squadron s . From 1 July to 24 October 1861 , he was attached to the Gulf Squadron commanding " Richmond " . He participated in the search for CSS " Sumter " in the West Indies while on his way to join the Gulf Blockading Squadron , assisted in the blockade of the passes of the Mississippi River and took part in the engagement with Confederate States ’ vessels at the Head of Passes 12 October 1861 . He was relieved at his own request on account of ill health , was later promoted to commodore 16 July 1862 and then retired . He died January 14 , 1876 in Dorchester , Massachusetts . Namesake . Two ships have been named USS " Pope " for him .
George Washington Lambert George Washington Thomas Lambert ARA ( 13 September 1873 – 29 May 1930 ) was an Australian artist , known principally for portrait paintings and as a war artist during the First World War . Early life . Lambert was born in St Petersburg , Russia , the posthumous son of George Washington Lambert ( 1833 – 25 July 1873 , in London ) of Baltimore , Maryland . The younger Lambert ' s mother was Annie Matilda , " née " Firth , an Englishwoman . Mother and son soon moved to Württemberg , Germany , to be with Lambert ' s maternal grandfather . Lambert was educated at Kingston College , Yeovil , Somerset . The family , consisting of Lambert , his mother and three sisters , decided to emigrate to Australia . They arrived in Sydney aboard the " Bengal " on 20 January 1887 . Career . Lambert began exhibiting his pictures at the Art Society and the Society of Artists , Sydney in 1894 . Lambert began contributing pen - and - ink cartoons for " The Bulletin " in 1895 and began painting full - time in 1896 . In 1899 he won the Wynne Prize with " Across the Blacksoil Plains " . He studied at Julian Ashton ' s art school in Sydney until 1900 . Later , he won a travelling scholarship for 150 pounds from the government of New South Wales . He spent a year in Paris before moving to London where he exhibited at the Royal Academy . Lambert was awarded a silver medal at an international exhibition for his painting " The Sonnet " in Barcelona in 1911 . He was most known during this time as a portrait artist . War artist . Lambert became an official Australian war artist in 1917 during the First World War . His painting " Anzac , the landing 1915 " of the landings on the Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey , is the largest painting at the Australian War Memorial collection . Lambert , as an honorary captain , travelled to Gallipoli in 1919 to make sketches for the painting . Another noted work was " A sergeant of the Light Horse ( 1920 ) , painted in London after his travels in Palestine . During the war years , George Lambert spent much time in London , where it is suggested he was romantically involved with fellow artist Thea Proctor . Return to Australia . Lambert returned to Australia in 1921 , where he had success in Melbourne with a one man show at Fine Art Society gallery . He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1922 . He often visited the homestead of Colonel Granville Ryrie of the Australian Light Horse at Michelago , New South Wales and there painted " The Squatter ' s Daughter " and " Michelago Landscape " . In 1927 he won the Archibald Prize , Australia ' s most prestigious art prize for portraiture , with his work titled " Mrs Murdoch " . Lambert died on 29 May 1930 at Cobbity , near Camden , and is buried in the Anglican section of South Head Cemetery . Personal life . Lambert married Amelia Beatrice " Amy " Absell ( 1872 – 1963 ) in 1900 . Lambert was the father of Maurice ( 1901 – 1964 ) , a noted sculptor and associate of the Royal Academy , and Constant , the British composer and conductor , born in London in 1905 , and the grandfather of Kit Lambert . See also . Visual arts of Australia
Falkenberg ( fort ) Falkenberg was a fort in Falkenberg , Sweden . It was first mentioned in 1298 . It would later give the town , which was previously known as " Ätraby " , its name . The fort was the location for several Nordic treaties during the fourteenth century . It was burnt down by count Erik in 1356 , but was thereafter rebuilt . The army of Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson did , under the leadership of Herman Berman besiege the town in 1434 . The defenders managed the first attack successfully . They did however realise that they would not be able to continue to hold the fort . Therefore , they choose to put the fort on fire and leave it by water . The fort was located on the south strand of river Ätran , about from the southern abutment of Falkenberg Bridge . Excavations took place in 1885 , as a railway was run through the area . The fort consisted of a tower . It had an inner area of , while the outer area was at the base . The walls are at the thickest at the base , and becomes thinner towards the top . Above the lower , partially intact , parts were brick walls . The group which performed the excavations found remains of brick all over the excavated area . The group also found some loose remains , such as a golden finger ring and a silver coin . No remains of any other buildings were found . The fort was most likely only used in combat .
Frank Hill ( Medal of Honor ) Frank Hill ( born August 13 , 1864 ) was a private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Hill was born August 13 , 1864 in Hartford , Connecticut and after entering the Marine Corps in 1896 he was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Nashville as a private . He later joined the Army , and was discharged due to disability in 1903 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : 13 August 1864 , Hartford , Conn . Accredited to : Connecticut . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Hill displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
31st Mechanized Infantry Brigade ( Greece ) 31η M / K ΤΑΞ Κάμια The 31st Mechanized Infantry Brigade " Kamia " ( ) is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Hellenic Army . Headquartered in Feres and subordinated to the XII Mechanized Infantry Division . Structure . 31st Mechanized Infantry Brigade " Kamia " in Feres , Thrace
Battle of Cyców The Battle of Cyców ( ) took place during the Polish - Bolshevik War on August 15 and 16 , 1920 . It is one of the battles that constitute a larger operation commonly referred to as the battle of Warsaw . It occurred in the fields surrounding the village of Cyców , some east of Lublin . Background . The Polish plan for the Battle of Warsaw was based on two assumptions : that Warsaw would withstand a direct assault by Red Army ' s forces and that the corps - sized Assault Group under direct command of Gen . Józef Piłsudski gain enough time to concentrate behind Wieprz river and prepare a counter - offensive . For the latter to be possible , the Polish forces near Lublin and Zamość ( Polish 3rd Army ) had to prevent the Bolshevik South - Western Front from reaching the battlefield . Battle . On August 15 , the forces of 58th Rifle Division ( 514th and 155th Rifle Regiments , reinforced with cavalry and artillery , some 1550 first - line troops and 235 cavalrymen altogether ) arrived to the area north of Cyców . The Polish forces in the area consisted of elements of the 4th Cavalry Brigade ( 3rd and 7th Uhlans ' Regiments ) , reinforced with mounted artillery battalion and two reserve battalions of infantry . Altogether , Maj . Cyprian Bystram ( CO of 3rd Uhlans ' Regiment and temporary commander of the Polish 4th Brigade ) had 928 cavalrymen and 900 infantrymen at his command . The Russian forces assaulted the Polish infantry along the road leading towards Lublin , near Garbatówka . The Polish units , composed mainly of rear echelon troops and lightly wounded servicemen from nearby field hospitals , offered stiff resistance for the remainder of the day . Despite numerical superiority , it was not until the following morning that the Russians finally broke through the Polish lines and entered Cyców , in pursuit of the fleeing remnants of the Polish infantry battalions . At Głębokie however , the Polish infantry made another stand , this time helped by mobile artillery of the 2nd Artillery Battalion . The Russian forces were stopped and Polish cavalry arrived to the battlefield just in time . Before the Russians could regroup , they were charged by the two cavalry regiments and routed . The remnants of the Russian division were surrounded the following day by the 3rd Legions Infantry Division and annihilated . The battle of Cyców is featured on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw .
QBZ - 03 The QBZ - 03 assault rifle , also known as the Type 03 , is a Chinese gas operated , selective - fire weapon and is the latest assault rifle designed and developed for the 5 . 8 x 42 mm DBP87 round . Unlike the bullpup QBZ - 95 , the QBZ - 03 is a weapon of conventional design and is loosely inspired by the Type 81 assault rifle . The weapon is designed to be easily used by soldiers already familiar with previously issued rifles and machine guns . The QBZ - 03 has a two - piece receiver largely made up of forged aluminum alloy with the stock , pistol grip , and handguards being made of a polymer compound . The gas block has a two position regulator , one for firing standard ammunition , the other to allow the use of rifle grenades . The sights are of a hooded front sight with a flip up rear diopter sight similar to the American M16 rifle . A scope rail is available to allow the use of various optics . The QBZ - 03 has seen some issue within the People ' s Armed Police , People ' s Liberation Army Marine Corps , People ' s Liberation Army Air Force Paratroopers , and second line PLA ground units . An export - aimed version of the QBZ - 03 also exists , first introduced in 2005 by the joint CJAIE ( China Jing - An Import - Export ) and Jiang - She Group Companies . The export version is chambered in 5 . 56x45mm NATO and feeds by STANAG magazines . The cyclic rate on the issued model is semi - automatic or fully automatic only , while the export model has an integrated three round burst mode . The type ' s most notable public display was by the PLA Airforce Airborne Troops during the October 1st 2009 60th Anniversary Parade . References . Steve . " QBZ - 03 China ' s Latest Assault Rifle . " http : / / www . thefirearmblog . com / blog / 2008 / 12 / 29 / qbz - 03 - chinas - latest - assault - rifle / . The Firearm Blog , n . d . Web . 29 Dec . 2008 " QBZ - 03 Assault Rifle . " http : / / www . military - today . com / firearms / qbz _ 03 . htm . ARG , 2006 - 2011 . Web . 16 Mar . 2011 . Mulachy , P . " Norinco QBZ - 03 ( Type 03 ) . " http : / / www . pmulcahy . com / assault _ rifles / chinese _ assault _ rifles . htm . ARG , 22 Feb . 2011 . Web . 16 Mar . 2011 . QBZ - 03 Rifle Pictures . N . d . http : / / www . bradspictures . com / guns / 37661 / qbz - 03 + gun . html . N . p . , n . d . Web . 17 Mar . 2011 . Tendas , Pierangelo . " NORINCO Type 03 assault rifle . " http : / / www . securityarms . com / 20010315 / galleryfiles / 3100 / 3136 . htm . N . p . , 2010 . Web . 17 Mar . 2011 .
434th Fighter Training Squadron The 434th Flying Training Squadron ( 434 FTS ) is part of the 47th Flying Training Wing based at Laughlin Air Force Base , Texas . It operates T - 6 Texan II aircraft conducting flight training . History . World War II . Activated on 15 October 1943 at Grand Central Air Terminal , near Long Beach , California . Equipped with the Lockheed P - 38F Lightning , trained for combat and served as an air defense organization for the west coast as part of IV Fighter Command . Even though the defense of the US west coast initially took priority , it was decided to deploy Lightning squadrons to Britain for heavy bomber escort duty . The squadron was reassigned to RAF Wattisham , England , April – May 1944 , and assigned to VIII Fighter Command , Eighth Air Force . From England , the squadron escorted heavy bombers during operations against targets on the Continent , strafed targets of opportunity , and flew fighter - bomber , counter - air , and area - patrol missions . Engaged primarily in B - 17 / B - 24 escort activities and fighter sweeps until the Normandy invasion in June 1944 . Patrolled the beachhead during the invasion . Strafed and dive - bombed troops , bridges , locomotives , railway cars , barges , vehicles , airfields , gun emplacements , flak towers , ammunition dumps , power stations , and radar sites while on escort or fighter - bomber missions as the Allies drove across France during the summer and fall of 1944 . The unit flew area patrols to support the breakthrough at Saint - Lô in July and the airborne attack on Holland in September . The unit continued escort and fighter - bomber activities from October to mid - December 1944 . It converted to P - 51 s between 10 September and 1 October , using both types on missions until conversion was completed . Participated in the Battle of the Bulge ( December 1944 – January 1945 ) by escorting bombers to and from targets in the battle area and by strafing transportation targets while on escort duty . From February to April 1945 it continued to fly escort missions , but also provided area patrols to support the airborne attack across the Rhine in March . Returned to Camp Kilmer New Jersey in November 1945 , and was inactivated on December 1945 . Cold War . The squadron trained as fighter - day , and later , tactical fighter squadron from , 1952 - 1962 . It was not manned from , 3 January 1962 - October 1966 . In 1966 , began training F - 4 Phantom II crews for assignment in Southeast Asia . In August 1972 , the squadron deployed to Thailand , where it served under operational control of 49th Tactical Fighter Wing . It engaged in combat over North and South Vietnam . It redeployed to the U . S . in October 1972 . By 1975 , the 434th provided combat aircrew training for U . S . and Allied pilots . From 1977 - 1991 , the squadron trained pilots , weapon systems officers , and forward air control lers .
Chief of Defence ( Denmark ) The Chief of Defence of Denmark ( ) , under responsibility of the Defence minister , is the Chief of Defence and commander of the Royal Danish Army , the Royal Danish Navy and the Royal Danish Air Force . The Chief of Defence is the military adviser to the Defence minister and head of the Defence Command . The Chief of Defence is the highest - ranking military officer in Denmark and has the rank of four - star General ( or Admiral if from the Navy ) ( OF - 9 ) , and supervises roughly 93 % of all military spending in Denmark . The Danish Home Guard and Defence intelligence is directly under the Ministry of Defence , only in times of war will the Home Guard Command be transferred to the Defence Command , and thus come under the authority of the Chief of Defence . The job traditionally rotated evenly between the Army , Navy and Air Force . This tradition has been abandoned in 2009 . There is no fixed length of time associated with the position . See also . < br >
Grass Crown The Grass Crown or Blockade Crown ( Latin : " corona graminea " or " corona obsidionalis " ) was the highest and rarest of all military decoration s in the Roman Republic and early Roman empire . It was presented only to a general , commander , or officer whose actions saved the legion or the entire army . One example of actions leading to awarding of a grass crown would be a general who broke the blockade around a beleaguered Roman army . The crown was made from plant materials taken from the battlefield , including grasses , flowers , and various cereals such as wheat ; it was presented to the general by the army he had saved . History . Pliny wrote about the grass crown at some length in his " Natural History " ( " Naturalis Historia " ) : Pliny also lists the persons who by their deeds won the grass crown :
United Nations Korea Medal The United Nations Service Medal for Korea ( UNKM ) is an international military decoration which was established by the United Nations on December 12 , 1950 . The decoration was the first international award ever created by the United Nations and recognized the multi - national defense forces which participated in the Korean War . Criteria . The United Nations Service Medal is awarded to any military service member , of an Armed Force allied with South Korea , who participated in the defense of South Korea from North Korea between the dates of June 27 , 1950 and July 27 , 1954 . The military forces of the Netherlands are awarded the medal for service to January 1 , 1955 , while the armed forces of Thailand and Sweden grant the award to July 27 , 1955 . The ultimate award authority of the United Nations Service Medal is United Nations Commander - in - Chief of military forces in Korea . Most countries consider the United Nations Service Medal an automatic decoration , if some other Korean service award was bestowed , and generally award the medal without requesting permission through United Nations channels . For instance , in the United States Armed Forces , any service member awarded the Korean Service Medal is automatically granted the United Nations Service Medal . Medal name . On November 22 , 1961 , the United Nations officially changed the name of the United Nations Service Medal to the United Nations Service Medal Korea . This was as a prelude to the creation of a large number of subsequent United Nations medals which are awarded for various operations around the world . Description . The UN Korea Medal is a circular medal of bronze alloy . The obverse depicts the ‘ World - in - a Wreath ' emblem of the United Nations . The reverse has the inscription : " FOR SERVICE IN DEFENSE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS " . The inscription may be in any one of the following languages : Amharic , Dutch , English , French , Greek , Italian , Korean , Spanish , Thai or Turkish . The medal hands from a claw attachment on a straight bar suspension . Each medal is worn with a medal bar bearing the inscription " KOREA " in the same language as the reverse inscription . The medal ' s ribbon made up of equal stripes of United Nations Blue ( Bluebird 67117 ) and white , 9 blue and 8 white , each wide .
560th Volksgrenadier Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 560th Volksgrenadier Division was a volksgrenadier division of the Heer ( German Army ) during the Second World War , active from 1944 to 1945 . The division was formed in September 1944 in Norway , by redesignating the 560th Grenadier Division , under the command of Erich Hofmann . It contained the 1128th , 1129rd and 1130th Grenadier Regiments , and the 1560th Artillery Regiment . After redeploying to Denmark and then to the Western Front , the division fought in the Battle of the Bulge under the command of Rudolf Bader before retreating through Germany and being trapped in the Ruhr pocket , where it was destroyed in April 1945 .