Star Fleet Medical Reference Manual The Star Fleet Medical Reference Manual is a reference book written from an in - universe perspective , jointly edited by later " Star Trek " production staffer Geoffrey Mandel and Eileen Palestine and jointly illustrated by later " Star Trek " production staffers Doug Drexler and Anthony Fredrickson , showcasing various anatomies of species ( both humanoid and non - ) from the 23rd century , as well as various medical techniques . Leonard McCoy , MD , is listed as the " Medical Advisor " on the page listing the authors , the illustrators , and the editors . Summary . " A Publication of the Star Fleet Surgeon General . " " WARNING : The Surgeon General ' s medical reference manual is intended as a basic source of medical information for starship crew members , and is not an alternative to treatment by a physician . First aid procedures should be used with caution , and only by trained personnel . " Contents . Hippocratic Oath . The first thing any physician should know is the Hippocratic Oath , created by Hippocrates ( 460 - 370 BC ) cited as the " Father of Terran Medicine . " Introduction . An essay on the " Historical Trends in Medicine " credited to Professor Dr . John Gill , PhD , explains about how surgeons have been on ships created by Human s since the first ships were built , and that how those surgeons have written books on " naval medical practices , " such as the first such one on Earth : " The Surgeon ' s Mate " by in 1617 or " The Starship ' s Medicine Chest and First Aid in Space " published in 2105 . Historical . A timeline of important medical discoveries , failures , and plagues that have affected various important planets , starting with the Great Plague ( " " skag maug " " ) on that killed thousands , and continuing through to the present " Federation Era . " The timeline ends around 2260 . Medical . Geophysical . " Note : This section is not identified with such a category heading in the book . " A " Periodic table of the Elements ( Fifth Interstellar Geophysical Conference standard ) " lists the elements 1 ( hydrogen ) to 129 ( tricobalt ) , and 139 ( kironide ) and 140 ( corbomite ) . Following this is a list of all the elements , their chemical symbols , their atomic numbers ( by mass number of most stable isotope ) , their atomic masses , the places of their discoveries , and the dates of their discoveries . ( If Humans discovered it prior to first contact , that place and date is given . ) All dates are by Earth calendar , unless specially marked using the Vulcan calendar , which lists Vulcan years post - Surak . Radiation . Within this section are described a variety of electromagnetic and particulate radiations , and three distinct radioactive elements ( specifically , , , and celebium ) are identified . This is followed by a drawing depicting two types of injurious cell mutation . Drugs . " The preface text is described as being drawn from the " Star Fleet Handbook of Pharmacology , 5th Edition " . " A variety of drugs , some referred to in TOS and some in TAS , are listed in a table that gives the following information about each : Diseases . " The preface text is drawn from " Pathology : Treating The Unknown , 3rd Edition , " which in turn is credited to Dr . Leonard McCoy , M . D . " < br > This section lists diseases , some afflicting characters in TOS and some afflicting characters in TAS . The table that so lists them provides , for each disease : One disease NOT listed is " interphase psychosis , " whose treatment Dr . Leonard McCoy is credited for having found to be a dilution of a theragen derivative with ethanol in a 3 : 500 ratio . ( ) Life sciences . Humanoid anatomy . " This section is prefaced with text drawn from an edition of " The Starship ' s Medicine Chest and First Aid in Space " specified as having been published in 2257 . " < br > Andorians are a blue - skinned humanoid species , average height 2 . 3 meters ( male ) and 1 . 8 meters ( female ) . They have a life expectancy of 129 years ( male ) and 134 years ( female ) . Their eye s are unusual in that they do not process the whole spectrum of light , and must be used in unison with their antennae . Andorians vision is called " quadroscopic , " and in retinal terms at least it is limited to tones of gray . Their auditory receptors ( in their antennae ) are more advanced then many other humanoids , capable of distinguishing independent sounds from a crowd . Also , to provide better focus for their senses , Andorians will lean their head down towards a person they are listening to , to obtain better focus from their monodirectional antennae . The Gorn ( s ) are a green reptilian humanoid species , average height 2 meters ( male ) and 1 . 4 meters ( female ) . They have a life expectancy of 55 years ( male ) and 21 years ( female ) . Being cold - blooded , they require ambient warmth and prefer to live in tropical climates . Their respiratory system is less advanced then most , and provides just enough oxygen to the body to remain functioning . One internal source of temperature is when a female Gorn gives birth : Gorn ( s ) lay eggs , which hatch while still inside the oviduct – this only appears to be live birth . Their eyes are covered in thousands of facets , each with its own protective lid . Humans are a red - blooded " humanoid " species ( originators of the name ) with average heights of 1 . 7 meters for males and 1 . 5 meters for females . They have a life expectancy of 115 years for males and 122 years for females . Information on Human anatomy is abundant , and as such is not included in this particular manual . Texts regarding Humans are available at your local Star Fleet Supply Center for merely five credit s . Or , for more information , you are advised to contact : Klingons are a well - known " humanoid " species famous for their use of bio - engineering by their government to selectively breed out the impure in their species , so only the best survive . They have an average heights of 1 . 9 meters ( male ) and 1 . 7 meters ( female ) . They have a life expectancy of 82 years ( male ) and 69 years ( female ) . Their single stomach has two duodenums , which increase digestive flow efficiency to their small intestines . Special notice is given to their small intestine , and physicians should be careful : as their unique design is " stairway - like levels , " which first twist downward , then upward again into the large intestine . The higher body temperature in Klingons are caused by their second liver . Tellarites are a vaguely pig - like humanoid species , known to share several characteristics with the non - sentient lifeform . They have an average heights of 1 . 8 meters ( male ) and 2 . 2 meters ( female ) . They have a life expectancy of 87 years ( male ) and 93 years ( female ) . Tellarites ' s legs end in two - toed feet with hooves ; their femur is notable for missing the third trochanter , and their fibula is vestigial . Their digestive system is designed for plants , and as such they have two stomachs which utilize bacteria to break down the food before entering their single intestine . They often have multiple births , and their sense of smell and hearing is advanced for a humanoid , while their eyesight is sub - par . Vulcans are a green - blooded humanoid species with average heights of 2 . 0 meters ( male ) and 1 . 7 meters ( female ) . They have a life expectancy of 250 years . Only minor variations exist between the Vulcanoid species , such as the Rigelian s of Rigel V and the Romulan s . For more information on the Vulcans , refer to the " Vulcan Physiology " portion of this manual . Average Vulcan anatomy ( " Star Fleet Medical Reference Manual " ) Males height = 2 . 0 meters ( 6 ' 6 " ) Males weight = 70kg ( 154 . 3 lbs ) Females height = 1 . 7 meters ( 5 ' 6 " ) Females weight = 50kg ( 110 . 2 lbs ) Body temperature = 32 . 78C ( 91°F ) Heart rate = 242 bpm Blood pressure = 80 / 40 For all of these three , the developments are depicted in drawings representing , in order , their developments in Human s , Andorian s , Klingon s , Gorn s , Tellarite s , and Vulcan s . Intelligent aliens . This section , which , like the earlier section on humanoid anatomy , is prefaced with text drawn from an edition of " The Starship ' s Medicine Chest and First Aid in Space " which is specified as having been published in 2257 , lists sapient non - humanoid alien beings and identifies either the planets to which they are indigenous or , as in the cases of Korob and , the planets where they were found . The Excalbian race and the horta are both indigenous to the planets where they were found . Encountered in . Encountered in . Encountered in Represented by a " Hutchinson radiation analysis " of the Medusan " life aura . " Encountered in , with " only the information hastily gathered by tricorder " being provided . Encountered in . The Kelvan s are not shown in their true forms . Parasites . " This section is prefaced by text drawn from the " Star Fleet Guide To Alien Life , Volume 17 : Parasites . < br > Plants . " This section is prefaced by text drawn from the " Star Fleet Guide To Alien Life , Volume 8 : Plants " . Shown in . Shown in . Shown in . Described here as being part of the diet of the Mugato / Gumato , in whose droppings its seeds are dispersed , according to the accompanying text . Shown in . Shown in . Not shown , either here or in the earlier section on intelligent aliens , are the inhabitants of Phylos , which depicted . This section delves into the subject of psionic abilities , listing such examples of possessors of them as Charles Evans , in , the Platonians , in ; Lieutenant Commander Gary Mitchell and Dr . Elizabeth Dehner , both in ; and Apollo , in These are all variations of the , though this is not explicitly stated . The actual Mugato / Gumato , taxonomized here as " Pongidae theropoda , " is depicted . This correlates to Mahko root s in . Equipment . The sickbay diagnostic scanner , the accompanying image of which shows its scales as calibrated for Humans , specifies these life signs :