naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HSwMS Thule ( 1893 ) HSwMS " Thule " was a " Svea " class coastal defence ship of the Royal Swedish Navy . " Thule " was launched on 4 March 1893 at Bergsunds Yard in Stockholm . She displaced 3 , 150 tons , had a LPP of 79 . 5 metres and a beam of 14 . 6 metres . " Thule " was propelled by a two - cylinder steam engine which gave her a speed of 16 knots . She was struck from service in 1928 , and broken up in 1933 .
Battle of Baçente The Battle of Baçente was fought on February 2 , 1542 when a Portuguese army under Cristóvão da Gama took a hillfort held by Adalite forces in northern Ethiopia . The Portuguese suffered minimal casualties , while the defenders were reportedly all killed . Queen Sabla Wengel advised against this attack , arguing that Gama should wait until her son the Emperor Gelawdewos could march north from Shewa and join the Portuguese . However , Gama was concerned that if he marched around this Muslim - held strongpoint , the local peasantry would be disappointed and stop providing supplies for his troops . After a probing attack to learn the defenders defences , which Queen Sabla Wengel initially mistook for a defeat , Gama ordered an attack from three side directions on the following day . The defenders were annihilated , with neglegible losses to the Portuguese . Nine horses and a number of mules were captured , which afterwards proved useful . A mosque , which had originally been a church before the hillfort was occupied by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al - Ghazi ' s men , was reconsecrated as a church and dedicated to " Our Lady of Victory " , and mass was celebrated there the next day . The expeditionary force spent the rest of February there , recovering from the battle . The Portuguese " Baçente " has been identified as referring to Amba Senayt in Haramat by R . S . Whiteway .
Spanish Cross The Spanish Cross ( ) was an award of Germany given to Germans who participated in the Spanish Civil War , fighting for Franco . History . With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War , Germany sent the Condor Legion to give military aid to Francisco Franco ' s nationalist forces . On April 14 , 1939 , Germany instituted the Spanish Cross as a decoration for the German soldiers that fought in the Spanish Civil War . Classes . Bronze . The non - combatant version was awarded for three months of service in Spain . 7869 bronze crosses were awarded . Bronze with Swords . The Spanish Cross in Bronze with Swords was given for showing merit during the war . 8462 bronze crosses with swords were awarded . Silver . The Silver Cross was a non - combatant version awarded for merit . 327 silver crosses were awarded . Silver with Swords . The Spanish Cross in Silver was awarded to the soldiers who took part in decisive battles or had a considerable fighting experience . 8304 silver crosses with swords were awarded . Gold . The Spanish Cross in Gold was awarded to a soldier who showed great merits in combat or achieved uncanny accomplishments . 1126 gold crosses were awarded . Rudolf Henne was one of the recipients . Gold with Diamonds . The Spanish Cross in Gold with Diamonds was the highest rank of the decoration . It was awarded to those who showed great leadership skills in battle or great merits . 28 gold crosses with diamonds were awarded . ( Sperrle , Volkmann , Richthofen , von Thoma , Mehnert , Harlinghausen , Wolff , Harder , Lützow , Mölders , von Moreau , Neudörffer , Schellmann , Schlichting , Balthasar , Bertram , Enslen , Galland , Hoyos , von Kessel , Kraft , Oesau , Seiler , Stärcke , Boddem , Fehlhalber , Henrici , Runze ) * " * ordered by rank , beginning with General der Flieger " Next of Kin . The Spanish Cross for Next of Kin was awarded to relatives of soldiers who died during their stay in Spain . 315 crosses of this class were awarded . Design . The Spanish Cross is very similar in shape to a Maltese cross . In its centre is a swastika , and between each arm of the cross there is the Luftwaffenadler , coats of arms , and two crossed swords ( they aren ' t in the non - combatant version ) . Diamonds are placed around the swastika in the highest ranking of these awards . The reverse side is plain and has a pin used for wearing the cross on the uniform . The cross for next of kin is shaped as a non - combatant cross , only smaller in size . Unlike the other it is attached to a ribbon in black with edges in red , yellow , and red ( the colours of the Spanish flag ) . References . " For Führer And Fatherland : Military Awards of the Third Reich " by LTC John R . Angolia . 1976 R . James Bender Publishing . ISBN 0 - 912138 - 14 - 9
USS Mecosta ( YTB - 818 ) USS " Mecosta " ( YTB - 818 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Mecosta , Michigan . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Mecosta " was awarded 9 August 1971 . She was laid down down on 16 August 1972 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 26 March 1973 . Operational history . Stricken from the Navy List 28 March 2003 , " Mecosta " was transferred to the Local Redevelopment Authority 17 March 2004 .
Carpathian Half - Brigade of National Defence Carpathian Half - Brigade of National Defence ( ) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period that took part in the Polish September Campaign . It was formed in July 1937 in Stanisławów . Originally , it consisted of two battalions , but in May 1939 it was expanded to four battalions . In the summer of 1939 it became part of the Karpaty Army . Its battalions were :
Therese Brandl Therese ( " Rose " , " Rosi " ) Brandl ( February 1 , 1902 – January 28 , 1948 ) was a Nazi concentration camp guard . In March 1942 , Brandl was one of several " SS women " to be assigned to Auschwitz I concentration camp in occupied Poland . Her duties there included watching over women in the sorting sheds and as the " SS Rapportaufseherin " . In October 1942 , she was moved to the newly opened Auschwitz II extermination camp at Birkenau . She was convicted of crimes against humanity after the war during the Auschwitz Trial in Kraków and executed . Career . Born in Staudach - Egerndach , Bavaria , Brandl entered Ravensbrück concentration camp in March 1940 to begin her training under " SS - Oberaufseherin " Maria Mandel . She quickly rose through the ranks there and became a " Rapportaufseherin " ( her main task was to count women at roll call and hand out punishments ) . At Auschwitz , Brandl soon rose through the ranks and became an " Erstaufseherin " ( First Guard ) alongside Margot Dreschel and Irma Grese . In the summer of 1943 , she received a medal from the Reich for her " good conduct " in the camps . In November 1944 , with the approach of the Soviet Army , she was sent to the Mühldorf Forest subcamp of Dachau along with Mandel and she was demoted to " Aufseherin " . Not many reports have surfaced about Brandl ' s behavior at Muhldorf . She ultimately fled from Muhldorf on April 27 , 1945 , weeks before the arrival of the United States Army . On August 29 , 1945 , the U . S . Army arrested her in the Bavarian mountains of Germany and sent her to a holding camp to await questioning . In November 1947 she was tried by the Polish authorities along with Maria Mandel , Luise Danz , Hildegard Lächert and Alice Orlowski in the Auschwitz Trial at Kraków . On December 22 , 1947 , Brandl was proclaimed guilty of participating in the selection of inmates to be put to death . She was hanged in prison on January 28 , 1948 .
New York Provincial Company of Artillery During the American Revolutionary War , the New York Provincial Company of Artillery was created by the New York Provincial Congress in 1776 to defend New York City from British attack . History . The revolutionary government of the province commissioned Alexander Hamilton , then a student at King College ( now , Columbia University ) and an officer in a militia unit of artillery called the Hearts of Oak , to create the new Provincial Company of Artillery . The new Company saw action in the Battle of White Plains and the Battle of Trenton , among others . It was while commanding this unit with distinction that Hamilton came to the attention of many high - ranking officers in the Continental Army , a number of them offering him positions on their staffs . Hamilton refused them all to become " de facto " Chief of Staff to General George Washington , the commander - in - chief , for much of the remainder of the war . The New York Provincial Company of Artillery is considered the ancestor of the 1st Battalion , 5th Field Artillery , which therefore holds the distinction of being the oldest active unit in the U . S . Army .
Captain - commandant Captain - commandant is a company grade of commissioned officer rank in the air component , land component , the old Belgian " Gendarmerie " and medical component of the Belgian Armed Forces . A " kapitein - commandant " ( Dutch ) or " capitaine - commandant " ( French ) ranks directly above a captain and immediately under a major . Officers of this rank usually serve in staff functions or more rarely as small unit commanders ( squadron , company ) . The insignia are three pips under a narrow stripe for the land component , three blue stripes with navy curl for the air component and three gold stripes with navy curl for the medical component . In the naval component , the rank is called " luitenant ter zee eerste klasse " or " Lieutenant de vaisseau de première classe " ( " ship - of - the - line lieutenant first class " ) , and the insignia is two and a half gold stripes with a naval curl .
9th Intelligence Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 9th Intelligence Squadron ( 9 IS ) is an intelligence unit located at Beale AFB , California . The 9 IS is associated with U - 2 and Distributed Common Ground System ( DCGS ) operations . Mission . The 9 IS operates and maintains the $ 15M Deployable Shelterized System - Film ( DSS - F ) , the Department of Defense ' s only mobile film processing capability , as part of the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System ( DCGS ) architecture . The unit also processes , exploits , and disseminates broad area , high - resolution imagery collected by the U - 2 to meet combatant commander requirements .
Vintage Aero Flying Museum Vintage Aero Flying Museum ( VAFM ) , formally LaFayette Escadrille Flying Museum , is Colorado ' s international aviation museum at Platte Valley Airpark , 4 miles north - west of Hudson , Colorado and 40 miles north - east of Denver , Colorado . Andy Parks , son of the last World War I Lafayette Escadrille member who ' flew west ' , James Parks² , maintains the legacy and history of the LaFayette Escadrille pilots . The collection of each of these pilots ' original uniforms and memorabilia is on display in custom cabinets in a secured hangar of World War I aircraft . There is no other collection of this magnitude in the world today . The Parks have created a museum in a rural setting , much like a French rural World War I air field . VAFM is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organization and its foundation was created by James Parks in 1984 as a historical and educational foundation . There are two different usages of Lafayette and LaFayette . The capital F comes from the French spelling as written on the French Air Corp certificates as presented to each flyer of the Escadrille . The LaFayette Foundation decided to use the capital F in many of their documents and writings . Other authors and the general public will use the small F for their writings and general reference to L . E . The French General , LaFayette was the origin name when the French Air Corp renamed the Americana Escadrille to LaFayette Escadrille in honor of General LaFayette who helped General George Washington in the American Revolution .
French ship Artésien The Artésien ( “ Artesian ” ) was a 64 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , lead ship of her class . She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Artois . " Artésien " was built in 1765 as a part of a series of 12 ships of the line began by Choiseul to compensate for the losses endured by the French Royal Navy during the Seven Years ' War . She was paid by the province of Artois and Flander , and named in its honour , according to the practice of the time . The " Artésien " took part in the American revolutionary war under Suffren , departing in 1781 . Off Cape Verde , " Artésien " detected an English squadron , resulting in the Battle of Porto Praya . " Artésien " was decommissioned in 1785 and used as a shear hulk . A fine 1 / 28th scale model was used to instruct Louis XVI in naval studies . The model is now on display at the Musée de la Marine .
Jungle style The term " jungle style " refers to the practice of taping or securing two gun magazines together , with one taped upside down while the other is inserted into the rifle . A jungle style configuration is used to speed up the process of reloading , since the other magazine is attached to the exhausted magazine , as opposed to being in a pouch , or other ammo storage unit . The downside to the configuration is that it can increase the weapon ' s chance of jamming , as one magazine and its ammunition is normally left exposed to dirt and the elements . Some firearms manufactures have designed their magazines with studs or cradles that allowed them to mate together without the need of tape or clamps , such as the Heckler & Koch G36 and SIG SG 550 ; typically , these devices mount the magazines side - by - side and upright , so as to reduce the risk of ammunition falling out or becoming dirty . History . The practice of jungle style magazines originated in World War II with the introduction of 30 - round magazines for the M1 Carbine , M3 " Grease Gun " and Thompson submachine gun . Taping these magazines together in order to speed up reloading became so common among troops that the U . S . military introduced the " Holder , Magazine T3 - A1 " , which came to be referred to by some infantrymen as the " Jungle Clip " . This metal clamp holds two M1 Carbine 30 - round magazines together without the need of tape .
HNLMS Walrus ( S802 ) ( 1985 ) HNLMS " Walrus " ( S802 ) is a of the Royal Netherlands Navy . Ship history . " Walrus " was laid down on 11 October 1979 at the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij ( " Rotterdam Dry Dock Company " ) yard in Rotterdam . She was launched on 28 October 1985 , but on 14 August 1986 an electrical fire broke out on board causing damage costing 225 million Dutch guilder s to repair . Her completion was delayed until 13 September 1989 . Sea trials were carried out in 1990 and 1991 , and the submarine was finally commissioned on 25 March 1992 . As part of the Netherlands contribution to NATO , " Walrus " took part in various joint exercises , including Submarine Rescue Exercise " Sorbet Royal 96 " and " Northern Light 99 " . During the multi - national " Joint Task Force Exercise / Theatre Missile Defence Initiative 1999 " ( JTFEX / TMDI99 ) " Walrus " successfully penetrated the U . S . Navy screen and " sank " several ships , including the aircraft carrier before escaping . In 2000 she participated in a British Flag Officer Sea Training exercise , and in " Linked Seas 2000 " , a naval control of shipping exercise in the North Atlantic . In September 2000 all four " Walrus " - class boats were withdrawn from service after micro - fractures and corrosion was detected in the diesel engine exhaust valves . After replacement valves were fitted " Walrus " returned to active service in early 2001 . From September to December 2002 " Walrus " took part in " Operation Enduring Freedom " , acting as an COMINT intelligence gathering post in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf . In 2008 it was announced the Netherlands will spend up to 100 million euros ( $ 155 million ) on a programme to upgrade all four " Walrus " - class submarines . These improvements will keep them operational until at least 2025 .
Pariah state A pariah state is a nation whose conduct is considered to be out of line with international norms of behavior by either the rest of the international community ( such as the United Nations ) , or by some of its most powerful states . A pariah state may face International isolation , sanctions or even an invasion by nations who find its policies or actions unacceptable . The term is closely related to the phrase " Rogue state " . Definitions . There is no definitive definition of a pariah state , the term has been applied to different states at different times , and is often a designation made for political purposes . List . At various times in the past , the following states have been labeled or treated as pariahs in the international system . Some of them are still labeled as such at present : Henley ' s Visa Restrictions Index , 2012 . The following table lists the pariah states , by the number of countries - the pariah state ' s nationals could enter freely ( i . e . without a visa ) - in 2012 , according to Henley ' s Visa Restrictions Index 2012 ( while the numbers in brackets indicate the Pariah state ' s HDI in 2012 - as published by UNDP in March 2013 ) . Figures of parallel regular states are given as well , for comparison .
357th Airlift Squadron The 357th Airlift Squadron ( 357 AS ) is part of the 908th Airlift Wing at Maxwell Air Force Base , Alabama . It operates C - 130 Hercules aircraft providing global airlfit . History . Activated in early 1942 as a B - 24 Liberator Operational Training Unit ( OTU ) , later becoming a Replacement Training Unit ( RTU ) for deployed combat units , assigned to II Bomber Command . Inactivated in April 1944 when heavy bomber training ended . Redgesignated as a B - 29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment Squadron under Second Air Force on 1 April 1944 at Dalhart Army Airfield , Texas . Initially equipped with B - 17 Flying Fortress es for training , due to shortage of B - 29 Superfortress es . Moved to Harvard Army Airfield , Nebraska , in August 1944 and equipped with B - 29B limited production aircraft . After completion of training deployed to Central Pacific Area ( CPA ) , assigned to XXI Bomber Command , Northwest Field ( Guam ) for operational missions . B - 29Bs were standard production aircraft stripped of most defensive guns to increase speed and bomb load , The tail gun was aimed and fired automatically by the new AN / APG - 15B radar fire control system that detected the approaching enemy plane and made all the necessary calculations . Mission of the squadron was the strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands . Dntered combat on 16 June 1945 with a bombing raid against an airfield on Moen . Flew first mission against the Japanese home islands on 26 June 1945 and afterwards operated principally against the enemy ' s petroleum industry . Flew primarily low - level , fast attacks at night using a mixture of high - explosive and incendary bombs to attack targets . Flew last combat mission on 15 August 1945 , later flew in " Show of Force " mission on 2 September 1945 over Tokyo Bay during formal Japanese Surrender . Inactivated on Guam 15 April 1946 , personnel returned to the United States and aircraft sent to storage in Southwest United States . It trained for C - 54 airlift operations from 1949 – 1950 and for troop carrier missions from 1952 - 1967 . The squadron airlifted troops and their equipment during the Cuban Missile Crisis , October – November 1962 . The squadron has flown numerous , worldwide airlift missions , including missions in the Gulf War and the Bosnian relief effort .
Alexander Alexandrovich Morozov Alexandr Aleksandrovich Morozov ( Russian : " Александр Александрович Морозов " , October 16 , 1904 , Bezhitsa ( now part of Bryansk ) , Bryansk Oblast – June 14 , 1979 ) was a Soviet engineer and tank designer . He was in charge of the Soviet tank design bureau for thirty - six of the most critical years in Soviet tank development ( 1940 – 76 ) . Among Morozov ' s achievements were leading the design team for the T - 54 / 55 tank series , the tank with the largest production in history , and designing the drive train and later overall refinements for the T - 34 tank series , the tank with the second largest production in history . A graduate from the Moscow Mechanical Institute , in 1928 Morozov started work at a new design bureau headed by I . Aleksiyenko , at the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory of Kharkiv , Ukraine . Here he contributed to the lacklustre T - 12 and T - 24 tanks , and the highly successful BT fast tank s . Under Mikhail Koshkin he was responsible for the drive - train design of the famous T - 34 medium tank in 1937 – 40 , and led the design bureau from Koshkin ' s death in 1940 . As chief designer of the bureau , Morozov presided over its temporary relocation to Nizhniy Tagil during the war years of 1941 – 44 , and his bureau redesigned components of the T - 34 to make production as efficient as possible . He led the development of the T - 44 medium tank and the T - 54 and T - 64 main battle tanks , receiving the Order of Lenin for the latter . Morozov retired due to ill health in 1976 and died soon after . In 1979 , the bureau where he worked for over fifty years was renamed " Morozov Design Bureau " in his honour . References . Zaloga , Steven J . , James Grandsen ( 1984 ) . " Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two , " London : Arms and Armour Press . ISBN 0 - 85368 - 606 - 8 .
HMS L8 HMS " L8 " was a British L class submarine built by Cammell Laird , Birkenhead . She was laid down on 28 May 1916 and was commissioned on 12 March 1918 . HMS " L8 " sailed to Hong Kong in 1919 . She was then placed in the Reserve Flotilla in Hong Kong before being sold on 7 October 1930 and scrapped in Newport , Monmouthshire .
184th Ordnance Battalion ( EOD ) The 184th Ordnance Battalion ( EOD ) accomplish the explosive ordnance disposal ( EOD ) support activity . The EOD battalion operates under FORSCOM ( 52nd Ordnance Group ( EOD ) ) command and control with several companies ( EOD ) strategically located within each control area . Installations and MACOMs do not have a direct area support EOD responsibility . Organization . Seven ordnance companies ( EOD ) . Fort Campbell , Kentucky - 49th OD CO ( EOD ) - 717th OD CO ( EOD ) - 723rd OD CO ( EOD ) - 744th OD CO ( EOD ) - 788th OD CO ( EOD ) Fort Knox , Kentucky - 703rd OD CO ( EOD ) Fort Benning , Georgia - 789th OD CO ( EOD )
Furman L . Smith Furman L . Smith ( May 11 , 1925 – May 31 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Smith joined the Army from Central , South Carolina in July 1943 , and by May 31 , 1944 was serving as a private in the 135th Infantry Regiment , 34th Infantry Division . During a battle on that day , near Lanuvio , Italy , his group came under intense German attack and began to withdraw . Smith voluntarily stayed behind with the wounded and protected them until he was overrun and killed . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later , on January 24 , 1945 . Smith , aged 19 at his death , was buried at Pleasant Hill Cemetery in Central , South Carolina . Medal of Honor citation . Private Smith ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . In its attack on a strong point , an infantry company was held up by intense enemy fire . The group to which Pvt . Smith belonged was far in the lead when attacked by a force of 80 Germans . The squad leader and 1 other man were seriously wounded and other members of the group withdrew to the company position , but Pvt . Smith refused to leave his wounded comrades . He placed them in the shelter of shell craters and then alone faced a strong enemy counterattack , temporarily checking it by his accurate rifle fire at close range , killing and wounding many of the foe . Against overwhelming odds , he stood his ground until shot down and killed , rifle in hand . " For more information on his biography , read : http : / / etd . lib . clemson . edu / documents / 1285611727 / Taylor _ clemson _ 0050M _ 10328 . pdf