naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Peltast The peltast ( Ancient Greek : πελταστής ) was a type light infantry used in Ancient Greece as Skirmishers . Originally , peltastes were light troops from Thrace ( modern Romania ) and its name comes from their light shield , called pelte . They wore no armor , which allowed they to move quickly on the battlefield . Each man carried several spears , usually one meter long . Besides the Greek cities , the peltasts were used in , at least , Macedonian and Persian armies .
USS Arkansas ( 1863 ) USS " Arkansas " ( 1863 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a supply ship and tender in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . " Arkansas " commissioned in Philadelphia in 1863 . Arkansas — a wooden - hulled , barkentine - rigged , screw steamer built at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1863 as " Tonawanda " — was purchased by the Union Navy at Philadelphia on 27 June 1863 from Messrs . S . & J . M . Flanagan ; and commissioned in the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 29 June 1863 , Acting Volunteer Lieutenant William H . West in command . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockade . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron , the new steamer reported for duty on 10 October 1863 to Commodore Henry H . Bell who had temporary command of the squadron while Rear Admiral David G . Farragut was home on leave . She was given the task of maintaining communications with , and carrying supplies to , the Union warships which were stationed on blockade duty along the coast of Texas . Throughout her naval career she alternated with on logistic cruises which took them as far south as Brownsville , Texas . Seizure of schooner " Watchful " by " Arkansas " . On 27 September 1864 , while steaming in the Gulf of Mexico on one of these supply runs , " Arkansas " — then commanded by Acting Volunteer Lieutenant David Cate — encountered the schooner " Watchful " purportedly sailing from New York City to Matamoras , Mexico , with a cargo of lumber and petroleum . Her master claimed that his ship had begun leaking ; and he , therefore , had changed course to New Orleans , Louisiana , to seek repairs . However , when Cate examined the schooner ' s cargo , he found crates of arms hidden under the lumber and consequently seized the vessel which he sent to New Orleans under a prize crew for adjudication . The seizure was dismissed by the Federal District Court in New Orleans , which found that the arms had been owned by a U . S . citizen , and intended for Mexican revolutionaries fighting under Benito Juárez , in which the United States was officially neutral . The district court ' s decision was later upheld by the U . S . Supreme Court , which found the case " destitute of all the elements of prize . " Post - war decommissioning , sale , and subsequent maritime career . After the collapse of the Confederacy , " Arkansas " departed New Orleans on 5 June 1865 and sailed north to Portsmouth , New Hampshire . She was decommissioned in the navy yard there on 30 June 1865 and was sold at public auction on 20 July 1865 to Mr . George S . Leach of Portsmouth . Redocumented as " Tonawanda " on 1 August 1865 , the steamer served as a coastal merchantman until she was stranded on The Elbow , a reef near Key Largo , Florida , on 28 March 1866 and was lost .
Frederick William , Baron de Woedtke Frederick William , Baron de Woedtke ( c . 1740 - 31 July 1776 ) was a Prussia n officer who served in the American Revolutionary War . Woedtke came to the new United States after the beginning of the American Revolution . He was said to have served for several years under Frederick II of Prussia , even though he was only twenty - six years old . Congress granted him a commission on 16 March 1776 as a brigadier general and assigned him to the army under General Philip Schuyler in New York . En route to serve his new commission in April 1776 , Woedtke accompanied Benjamin Franklin , who was on a diplomatic mission to Canada . Charles Carroll , a congressman from Maryland on the same mission , wrote that Frederick William was " not the best bred up by his Prussian Majesty . " This may have been a reference to Woedtke ' s alcoholism . Baron de Woedtke broke company with the diplomatic mission after reporting to General Schuyler . The two generals joined Brigadier General John Thomas and set out to reinforce General Benedict Arnold in the siege of Quebec . After the failure of the Canadian campaign , Woedtke remained in New York . He was with the general council ( which included Schuyler and Horatio Gates ) that decided , against the advice of Col . John Stark and others , to abandon Fort Crown Point and fall back on Mount Independence . Baron de Woedtke died of exposure at Lake George in July 1776 , shortly after that meeting .
John F . Benjamin ( Medal of Honor ) Corporal John F . Benjamin was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Benjamin was awarded the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek in Virginia on 6 April 1865 . He was honored with the award on 3 May 1865 .
Hiram M . Chittenden Hiram Martin Chittenden ( 1858 – 1917 ) was a leading historian of the American West , especially the fur trade . A graduate of West Point , he was the Seattle district engineer for the Army Corps of Engineers ( April 1906 – September 1908 ) for whom the Hiram M . Chittenden Locks in Seattle , Washington , were named . He was one of the first three elected Port Commissioners at the Port of Seattle . He also helped found the Pacific Coast Association of Port Authorities ( PCAPA ) , later known as the Association of Pacific Ports ( APP ) in 1913 . Dodds says , " His works on the Yellowstone , the fur trade , and on Missouri River steamboating were long recognized as definitive . . . His style was formal , clear , and undramatic . His works contain a mass of detail . He was typical of the Progressive era of American history in his strong belief in progress and in ' the divine mission of the Anglo - Saxon . ' " Early life . Chittenden was born on October 25 , 1858 in Yorkshire , New York . He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in June 1884 and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers . After advanced study in applied engineering , his tours of duty were mainly in the West , including two in Yellowstone Park ( 1891 – 93 , 1899 - 1904 ) . Yellowstone sparked his lifelong interest in history and conservation . He reached the rank of Brigadier General in 1910 . He died on October 9 , 1917 in Seattle , Washington . Engineering projects . With the Army Corps of Engineers , Chittenden was in charge of many notable projects throughout the United States : Historian . His 1902 history of the fur trade has been highly influential among historians of the West . Bibliography . Chittenden is best known as a scholar with historical volumes , tour guides , and poetry :
F 21 Luleå F 21 Luleå , Norrbottens flygflottilj , " Norrbotten Air Force Wing " , or simply " F 21 " , is a Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located in Luleå in northern Sweden . It is one of the three remaining wings in Sweden and currently has two squadron s of multirole aircraft . F 21 in the north and F 17 in the south are the two wings remaining to have operational squadrons . F 7 is a school where pilots begin their training in the JAS 39 Gripen . After that the pilot ' s training is moved out to the two operational wings there they learn their final skills . F 21 today . Parts of the Swedish helicopter forces are today stationed at F 21 with MEDEVAC in subarctic climate as its main task . The wing uses the coat of arms of Luleå as the emblem . F 21 currently operates two HKP 10B in Afghanistan . F21 figures in the crime novel " The Red Wolf " by Liza Marklund . Current fleet :
USS Cape Esperance ( CVE - 88 ) USS " Cape Esperance " ( CVE - 88 ) was an " Casablanca " class escort carrier of the United States Navy . She ( name changed from Tananek Bay on 6 November 1943 ) was launched on 3 March 1944 by Kaiser Co . , Inc . , Vancouver , Washington , under a Maritime Commission contract ; sponsored by Mrs . W . M . McDade ; transferred to the Navy on 9 April 1944 ; and commissioned the same day , Captain R . W . Bockius in command . Service history . World War II . Assigned to the Pacific Fleet , " Cape Esperance " made two voyages from the west coast to South Pacific bases from 26 May - 20 September 1944 , carrying new aircraft out , and returning with planes needing repairs . Loaded with combat - ready aircraft , she sailed from San Francisco on 5 October to join Task Group 30 . 8 ( TG 30 . 8 ) on 2 November in its support of 3rd Fleet air strikes on Leyte and Luzon . From her decks , replacement aircraft roared off to the operating carriers , ready to take their part in pounding the Japanese out of the Philippines . Continuing to operate from Ulithi and Guam through January , " Cape Esperance " carried fresh aircraft to the far - ranging Task Force 38 ( TF 38 ) for its strikes on Japanese air bases on Formosa and the China coast . In February the escort carrier returned to the west coast to load new aircraft which she carried to Guam . This was the first of a series of such voyages in which she brought to the western Pacific a large number of the aircraft which roared over Iwo Jima , Okinawa , and the Japanese home islands in the massive carrier raids of the war ' s last months . Post - War . At the close of the war , " Cape Esperance " sailed from San Diego to Pearl Harbor , returning to San Francisco on 11 September 1945 with aircraft and passengers . She made similar voyages until decommissioned and placed in reserve at Bremerton , Washington , 22 August 1946 . Recommissioned on 5 August 1950 , " Cape Esperance " reported to the Military Sea Transportation Service for duty as an aircraft transport . During the next nine years , she cruised widely in the Pacific , delivering aircraft to Japan for use in the Korean War , supporting atomic tests at Eniwetok , and making two voyages to bring aircraft to the Royal Thai Air Force at Bangkok . In 1952 , she sailed to Hong Kong , to evacuate Chinese Nationalist aircraft in danger of seizure by the Chinese Communists . Reclassified CVU - 88 on 12 June 1955 , " Cape Esperance " made her first transatlantic crossing in 1956 to ferry aircraft to and from Italy , France , and Portugal . Returning to the Pacific under an operating schedule that found her almost constantly at sea , " Cape Esperance " carried aircraft to Pakistan later in 1956 . She continued to make as many as eight transpacific voyages in a year , supporting forces of the United States and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization countries . " Cape Esperance " was decommissioned 15 January 1959 , and sold on 14 May 1959 . " Cape Esperance " received two battle star s for World War II service .
Samagar Samagar , also Cemakar , was a Mongol general of the Il - Khan ruler Abaqa Khan ( 1234 – 1282 ) , mentioned as leading a Mongol invasion force in 1271 , in attempted coordination with the Ninth Crusade . Background . Little is known about Samagar , but he is mentioned in the context of attempted operations between the Mongols and the Crusaders . In 1269 , the English Prince Edward ( the future Edward I ) , had led a small force to the Holy Land as part of the Ninth Crusade . When he arrived in Acre on May 9 , 1271 , the situation in the Holy Land was particularly critical , as the Mamluk leader Baibars was besieging the Frankish noble Bohemond VI in the city of Tripoli . Samagar ' s campaign . As soon as Edward arrived in Acre , he immediately sent an embassy to the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan , leader of the southwestern Ilkhanate . Edward ' s plan was to use the help of the Mongols to attack Baibars . Abaqa answered positively to Edward ' s request in a letter dated September 4 , 1271 : In mid - October 1271 , the Mongol troops under Samaghar arrived in Syria and ravaged the land from Aleppo southward . Abaqa , occupied by other conflicts in Turkestan , had only sent a minimal force of 10 , 000 Mongol horsemen under Samagar from the occupation army in Seljuk Anatolia , plus auxiliary Seljukid troops . However , the Mongol advance triggered an exodus of Muslim populations ( who remembered the previous campaigns of Kitbuqa ) as far south as Cairo . The Mongols defeated the Turcoman troops that protected Aleppo , putting to flight the Mamluk garrison in that city , and continued their advance to Maarat an - Numan and Apamea . The Mongols stayed only briefly , and never combined forces with Edward . When Baibars mounted a counter - offensive from Egypt on November 12 , 1271 , the Mongols under Samagar had already retreated beyond the Euphrates , unable to face the full Mamluk army . Edward returned to England in September , 1272 . Samagar later expressed his willingness to the Mamluk Sultan Qalawun that he could help him to negotiate terms with Abaqa . Coup . According to Marco Polo , Samagar was one of Mongol nobles who assisted Arghun in helping him escape from the captivity of Ahmed Tekuder . Buqa noyan persuaded him and others to help Arghun . Tekuder was defeated by Arghun ' s army , and he was eventually executed on August 10 , 1284 .
Battle of St . James The Battle of St . James was fought on 6 March 1426 between England and France , during the latter half of the Hundred Years ' War . Forces . The battle was fought at Avranches , on the border of Normandy and Brittany , with the English led by John , Duke of Bedford , while the French were led by Arthur de Richemont , Constable of France . It was right after the war of saint James . The English were victorious .
Georg - Wolfgang Feller Wolfgang Feller ( 9 July 1915 – 23 March 1991 ) was an Oberleutnant zur See of the Reserves , in the German navy during World War II . He is noted for being the last soldier , sailor or serviceman to receive the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . " Großadmiral " Karl Dönitz had ordered a cease of all promotions and awards as of 11 May 1945 . Nevertheless a number of Knight ' s Crosses were awarded after this date and must therefore be considered " illegal " hand - outs . The " Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine " General - Admiral Walter Warzecha , successor of General - Admiral Hans - Georg von Friedeburg , without authorization presented Georg - Wolfgang Feller the Knight ' s Cross on 17 June 1945 . Feller , group leader in the 36 . Minensuchflottille , was awarded the Knight ' s Cross for clearing the eastern Baltic Sea from mines thus ensuring the safe passage of many returning German ships .
Opalchentsi Opalchentsi ( ) were Bulgarian voluntary army units , who took part in the Serbo - Turkish War of 1876 and the Russo - Turkish War of 1877 – 1878 . The people in these units were called " opalchenets - pobornik " ( опълченец - поборник ) meaning " volunteer combatant " . The Bulgarian voluntary army units for the Russo - Turkish War were gathered after the manifesto of Alexander II of Russia , announcing the War . The meeting point of the Bulgarian volunteers in Russia was the town of Samara . The Bulgarian Opalchentsi were given the Samara flag bearing the images of the Holy Mother and Saints Cyril and Methodius ( the flag is kept in the National Museum of Military History in Sofia ) . The Opalchentsi took an active part in the Second and Fourth Battle of Shipka Pass and after the end of the war went on to form Bulgaria ' s army . One of the poems in Ivan Vazov ' s " Epic of the Forgotten " , namely " Opalchentsite na Shipka " , is dedicated to them . Opalchenie Peak in Vinson Massif , Antarctica is named after the Bulgarian Volunteer Force in the 1877 - 1878 Russo - Turkish War and the Macedonian - Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps in the 1912 - 1913 Balkan Wars .
Marian Januszajtis - Żegota Marian Józef Januszajtis - Żegota ( 3 April 1889 , Częstochowa - 24 March 1973 , Royal Tunbridge Wells ) was a Polish military commander and politician . One of the founders of Polish paramilitary pro - independence organizations in Austrian partition , and last commander of the 1st Brigade of Polish Legions . He was also organizer of the unsuccessful coup in 1919 , general in the Second Polish Republic and Polish Armed Forces in the West , voivode of the Nowogródek Voivodeship ( 1924 - 1926 ) , and member of the Polish government in Exile . He was arrested by NKVD on 27 October 1939 and imprisoned in Lwów and then in Moscow Lubyanka prison . After the Sikorski - Mayski Agreement of July 1941 , he was released . After the war he stayed in exile in the United Kingdom , where he died in March 1973 .
M29 cluster bomb The M29 cluster bomb was a cluster bomb used by the United States Air Force during World War II against troops , unarmoured vehicles and artillery . The weapon contained ninety M83 fragmentation submunitions - a direct copy of the earlier German Butterfly Bomb - in 9 ten - bomb " wafers " . The M28 was a equivalent of the M29 containing 24 bomblets . Both bombs contained a mechanical time fuze that could be set to open the cluster at a preselected time between 5 and 92 seconds by triggering a burster charge . The case sides and ends sprung open , allowing the bomblets to fall out . The case sides were cup - shaped to retard the fall of the bomb . The manual warns that " Use of the M131 fuze is not recommended in areas that are expected to be occupied by friendly forces as they constitute a potential booby trap " .
Henry Honychurch Gorringe Henry Honychurch Gorringe ( August 11 , 1841 - July 7 , 1885 ) was a United States naval officer who attained national acclaim for successfully completing the removal of Cleopatra ' s Needle from Alexandria , Egypt to Central Park , New York City . Early life . Henry Honychurch Gorringe was born in the British colony of Barbados on August 11 , 1841 . His father served as rector to St . Michael ' s Cathedral . Young Henry came to the United States at a young age , entering the merchant marine . During the Civil War , he enlisted in the Union Navy , entering on July 13 , 1862 , with the rank of Mate , serving in the Mississippi Squadron . He received promotion to Acting Ensign on October 1 , 1862 , to Acting Master on September 26 , 1863 , to Acting Volunteer Lieutenant on April 27 , 1864 , and to Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Commander on July 10 , 1865 . Gorringe elected to stay in the Navy after the war , receiving a regular commission as a Lieutenant on March 12 , 1868 , and was promoted to Lieutenant Commander on December 18 , 1868 . Gorringe discovered the underwater mountain range now known as the Gorringe Sea Bank in 1875 , while commanding the exploration vessel . That same year he compiled a book on the exploration of the Río de la Plata , published by the U . S . Hydrographic Office . He served in the Mediterranean in 1876 - 1878 . Moving Cleopatra ' s Needle . In 1879 , Gorringe put in an application for the contract to remove the obelisk of Thutmosis III from Alexandria to Central Park . His was the only complete plan , and in August 1879 , he was granted the contract , for which he was to be paid $ 75 , 000 . Gorringe and his assistant , Seaton Schroeder , left for Europe to purchase materials and then went to Alexandria to be about the business of moving the obelisk . While in Egypt , Gorringe encountered local opposition , diplomatic obstruction from European countries , technical problems , and obstruction from local authorities . He was able to overcome them all and successfully departed from Alexandria on June 12 , 1880 . They arrived in Staten Island on July 20 , right on schedule . Gorringe had to commission a special railway to carry the 200 ton obelisk from the shipyards to Central Park . It was finally erected on January 22 , 1881 . Later career and death . Gorringe wrote " Egyptian Obelisks " , a book about the expedition to retrieve the obelisk and a study of the other standing obelisks in Paris and London . He resigned from the navy on February 21 , 1883 . He died on July 7 , 1885 , the result of an accident the previous winter while jumping from a moving train . His friend erected a miniature copy of Cleopatra ' s Needle over Gorringe ' s grave . He is buried in Rockland Cemetery in Sparkill , New York .
Holdgate Castle Holdgate Castle ( sometimes spelt Holgate Castle ) is situated in the village of Holdgate ( or Stanton Holdgate or Castle Holdgate ) between Craven Arms and Bridgnorth , Shropshire . This castle was mentioned in the Domesday Book . It was a motte and bailey and contained a college of secular clergy which was founded before 1210 and dissolved after 1373 . Earthworks with stone foundations are still present and the remains of a 13th - century semicircular flanking tower are incorporated into a farmhouse .
USS Ruff ( AMc - 59 ) USS " Ruff " ( AMc - 59 ) was a coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . The first ship to be named " Ruff " by the Navy , " AMc - 59 " , originally named " Speaker " , was laid down in 1940 by Martinolich Shipbuilding Co . , San Diego , California ; acquired by the Navy 31 December 1940 ; named " Ruff " and designated " AMc - 59 " on 5 March 1941 ; launched 24 April 1941 ; sponsored by Miss Martha Jane Shown ; and placed in service 31 October 1941 , Ens . W . H . Roberts , USNR , in command . World War II service . Assigned the 14th Naval District , " Ruff " was escorted to Pearl Harbor where she arrived 11 March 1942 for duty . A coastal minesweeper equipped with acoustical , magnetic and " O " type gear , she operated in the Hawaiian Islands throughout the war . From January 1943 through September , she was stationed at the section base at Bishops ' Point , Oahu , Hawaii . She remained with the Hawaiian local defense forces through September 1945 . " Ruff " was placed out of service at San Diego 23 January 1946 , was struck from the Navy list 7 February 1946 , and released to the Maritime Commission for disposal 29 August 1947 .