naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Brian Robb Brian Robb ( Scarborough , 7 May 1913 – 1979 ) was a painter , illustrator , and cartoonist . He worked for Shell and London Transport , designing posters and advertisements , and as a cartoonist for Punch magazine . He was a creative camouflage officer in the Western Desert in the Second World War . He taught at Chelsea College of Art before and after the war , before becoming head of illustration at the Royal College of Art . Biography . Early life . Robb was educated at Malvern College . He studied at Chelsea School of Art from 1930 , and at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1935 . During the 1930s he became known for his humorous cartoons published in Punch . He was a skilled illustrator , creating both pen - and - ink and watercolour illustrations for books such as " The Adventures of Odd and Elsewhere " . He was in demand for his ability to design posters for London Transport and advertisements for the Shell oil company , where he had worked for Jack Beddington . After finishing his education at the Slade , he returned to Chelsea School of Art as a lecturer . Wartime camoufleur . The head of the Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate , Geoffrey Barkas , always short of skilled camouflage officers , heard that there was an artist working as a private soldier in the Sinai desert . He found Robb sitting , utterly bored , beside a searchlight with nothing to do . Barkas quickly had Robb moved to General Headquarters ( GHQ ) at Cairo , and promoted to lieutenant as a camouflage officer . Robb ' s lassitude vanished ; he did everything with energy , good humour and enthusiasm . Robb ' s ability was put to use in Operation Bertram , the large - scale camouflage and deception operation for the battle of El Alamein . Barkas put Tony Ayrton and Robb in charge of the enormous and complex task of camouflaging Eighth Army ' s preparations and movements on the genuine attack path in the north , near the coast road , while creating a complete dummy armoured division in the south , near El Munassib in the desert . The dummy stores dump in the south was codenamed " Brian " after Robb . The dump contained 700 false piles of stores , simulating everything from ammunition and petrol to food and engineering tools . Post - war artist and teacher . After the war , Robb returned to his lecturing job at the Chelsea School of Art , where he inspired a generation of artists such as the illustrator Quentin Blake . In 1963 , he moved to become head of illustration at the Royal College of Art , taking over from Edward Ardizzone . He retired in 1978 . Reception . Quentin Blake wrote that " Robb ' s work had a humane , wry , almost teasing character that makes me wish he had set his hand to more children ' s books than he did . Brian Robb established illustration as a separate strand in the educational life of the college [ Chelsea ] . "
Michael Walsh Cluskey Michael Walsh Cluskey ( 1832 – January 13 , 1873 ) was a Confederate politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War . Biography . Cluskey was born in Chatham County , Georgia . During the Civil War , he was an assistant quartermaster in the Confederate States Army and eventually rose to the rank of colonel . He was elected to represent Tennessee in the Second Confederate Congress from 1864 to 1865 . He was interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington , D . C .
78th Field Artillery Regiment ( United States ) The 78th Field Artillery Regiment is an field artillery regiment of the United States Army . A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 13 / 32 inches ( 3 . 57 cm ) in height consisting of the shield , crest and motto of the coat of arms . The field is red for Artillery . The gold billets are from the arms of Franche - Comté , the canton from the badge of the parent organization . The crest is the divisional shoulder sleeve insignia charged with the number of the regiment . The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 78th Field Artillery Regiment on 20 April 1928 . It was redesignated for the 78th Field Artillery Battalion ( Armored ) on 2 January 1941 . It was redesignated for the 78th Armored Field Artillery Battalion on 20 April 1954 . It was redesignated for the 78th Artillery Regiment on 17 November 1958 . The insignia was redesignated for the 78th Field Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971 .
4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group was a formation of the Canadian Army , then Force Mobile Command of the unified Canadian Forces . It was part of the European formation known as Canadian Forces Europe . The formation served as the main forward deployed land element of Canada ' s armed forces , and was stationed in West Germany from 1957 until it was disbanded in 1993 . In 1951 , 27th Canadian Infantry Brigade arrived in Europe , to be succeeded by 1 CIBG in 1953 , then 2 CIBG in 1955 , then 4 CIBG in 1957 . In 1959 , when 4 CIBG ' s tour was due to end , a change was made in the reinformcement policy for Germany . Instead of whole brigades rotating every two years , the decision was made to keep 4 CIBG and its associated brigade units in place , instead rotating the major combat elements to Germany every three years . The presence of the three mechanised infantry battalions led Canada ' s brigade in Germany to be renamed as 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group on 1 May 1968 , three months after Canada ' s three separate armed forces were unified into the single Canadian Forces . Around the same time , a review of Canada ' s foreign policy was announced by the Prime Minister , Pierre Trudeau , part of which involved an investigation into the role of 4 CMBG , which was the Canadian military ' s main overseas asset . The ultimate result of the investigation was the announcement by the Prime Minister , as part of an overall cut in defence spending , to reduce the Canadian military commitment in Europe by half . 4 CMBG would also be re - roled - rather than its attachment as an active part of BAOR , it would become a reserve attached to either the VII ( US ) Corps or II ( GE ) Corps , relocating to Lahr in Southern Germany . Most notably , this downsizing and re - roling led to the withdrawal of the tactical nuclear weapons capability . 4 CMBG remained in place as part of NATO ' s forces throughout the Cold War until the final drawdown of Canada ' s military presence in Europe when it was disbanded in 1993 . Units serving . The following is a list of major combat units serving in 4 CIBG / 4 CMBG :
XV Mountain Corps ( Germany ) The XV Mountain Corps was a German military formation that commanded German forces conducting counter - insurgency operations against the Yugoslav Partisan s in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II . It was formed in the Balkans from the staff of the German commander in Croatia ( ) on 12 August 1943 . It was subordinated to the 2nd Panzer Army , and from its formation until 1 November 1943 the corps was commanded by " General der Infanterie " ( Lieutenant General ) Rudolf Lüters , and between 1 November 1943 and July 1944 it was commanded by " General der Infanterie " Ernst von Leyser , who was replaced in August 1944 by " General der Panzertruppe " ( Lieutenant General ) Gustav Fehn who commanded the corps for the rest of the war . In May 1944 the corps was responsible for the conduct of Operation Rösselsprung , which was aimed at killing the Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito . The corps surrendered to the Partisans on 8 May 1945 , and Fehn and many of the remaining men of the corps were subsequently killed by the Yugoslav authorities .
U . S . Naval Station Key West , Florida The U . S . Naval Station in Key West , Florida , United States is a historic site . It is roughly bounded by Whitehead , Eaton , and Caroline Street s . On May 8 , 1984 , it was added to the U . S . National Register of Historic Places .
Rudolph Bentinck Admiral Sir Rudolph Walter Bentinck KCB KCMG ( 20 March 1869 – 31 March 1947 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . Naval career . Educated at the Royal Naval College , Dartmouth , Bentinck joined the Royal Navy in 1882 . He took part in the Mahdist War in 1891 and was appointed Commander of the Royal Naval College , Osborne in 1913 . He served in World War I taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916 , as Chief of Staff to Admiral Sir David Beatty , and being mentioned in despatches . After the War he became Naval Secretary . He became Commander of the 1st Battle Squadron in the Atlantic Fleet in 1921 and went on to be Commander - in - Chief of the Africa Station in 1922 . In that capacity he was briefly Acting Governor - General of South Africa from December 1923 to January 1924 . He became Admiral Commanding the Reserve Fleet in March 1926 and then Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth later that year : he retired in 1929 . Family . In 1898 he married Mabel Fetherstonhaugh ; they had one son and one daughter .
Battle of White Oak Road The Battle of White Oak Road , also known as The Battle of Hatcher ’ s Run , Gravelly Run , Boydton Plank Road , White Oak Ridge was fought on March 31 , 1865 , during the American Civil War . It set the stage for the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Five Forks the following day . On March 30 , 1865 , Gen . Robert E . Lee shifted reinforcements to meet the Federal movement to turn his right flank , placing Maj . Gen . W . H . F . " Rooney " Lee ' s cavalry divisions at Five Forks and transferring Maj . Gen . George Pickett ' s division from the Bermuda Hundred front to the extreme right . Maj . Gen . Gouverneur K . Warren pushed the V Corps forward and entrenched a line to cover the Boydton Plank Road from its intersection with Dabney Mill Road south to Gravelly Run . Maj . Gen . Romeyn B . Ayres division advanced northwest toward White Oak Road . On March 31 , in combination with Maj . Gen . Philip Sheridan ' s thrust via Dinwiddie Court House , Warren directed his corps against the Confederate entrenchments along White Oak Road , hoping to cut Lee ' s communications with Pickett at Five Forks . The Union advance was stalled by a crushing counterattack directed by Maj . Gen . Bushrod Johnson , but Warren ' s position stabilized and his soldiers closed on the road by day ' s end . This battle set the stage for the Confederate defeat at Five Forks on April 1 .
Driftwood Bay Air Force Station Airfield Driftwood Bay Air Force Station is a private use military airstrip located 13 nautical miles ( 15 mile , 24 km ) northwest of Dutch Harbor , in the Aleutians East Borough of the U . S . state of Alaska . It is privately owned by the United States Air Force . The facility is not open for public use . Overview . Driftwood Bay Air Force Station Airfield is an unattended United States Air Force gravel airstrip . Its present condition is undetermined . The airport was built in 1958 to support Driftwood Bay Air Force Station , a Cold War United States Air Force Distant Early Warning Line radar station . The station was operated by Detachment 2 , 714th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron based at Cold Bay Air Force Station , near Cold Bay , Alaska . The radar station was inactivated in September 1969 , ending military use of the airport . The Air Force remediated the site around 2000 , removing all abandoned military structures and returning the site to a natural condition . It is not staffed by any support personnel , and is not open to the public . During the winter months , it may be inaccessible due to the extreme weather conditions at the location . Facilities . Driftwood Bay Air Force Station Airport covers an area of 459 acres ( 186 hectare ) at an elevation of 24 feet ( 7 m ) above mean sea level . It has one runway designated 14 / 32 with a gravel surface measuring 3 , 500 by 100 feet ( 1 , 067 x 30 m ) .
Socrates of Achaea Socrates ( ca 436 BC – 401 BC ) was a Greek mercenary general from Achaea who traveled to Persia to fight at the Battle of Cunaxa . Xenophon describes him as brave in war and a reliable friend . Socrates was summoned by Cyrus , with whom he was already connected , to bring as many troops as he could muster under the pretense that Cyrus intended to attack Tissaphernes . Socrates had previously been besieging Miletus alongside Pasion the Megarian . Socrates brought Cyrus about 500 Hoplites . Socrates and the other troops were only later told that Cyrus intended to seize the Persian throne from his brother Artaxerxes . Socrates fought at the Battle of Cunaxa and the Greek forces were able to drive the Persians into retreat , but Cyrus and his force faced heavy casualties and Cyrus himself was killed in battle . With Cyrus dead , the Greek troops were left in limbo , trying to make arrangements to return home first with Ariaeus ( Cyrus ' good friend and second in command at the battle ) and then with Tissaphernes ( the Persian general at the battle ) . Eventually Socrates and several other Greek generals were betrayed by Tissaphernes and Ariaeus . Socrates , along with Clearchus , Agis of Arcadia , Menon of Thessaly and Proxenus of Boeotia were summoned for a cordial meeting in the tent of Tissaphernes . They were seized and taken to Artaxerxes , where they were beheaded .
Emil Bitsch Emil Bitsch ( 14 June 1916 – 15 March 1944 ) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II . He was one of the most successful pilots in the Eastern Front . Emil Bitsch was credited with 108 aerial victories — that is , 108 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft . He claimed 104 victories over the Eastern Front and 4 victories over the Western front ( all four - engine bombers ) . He is one of the two pilots credited with the kill of the Soviet female ace Katya Budanova . Bitsch was killed in action with United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) fighters on 15 March 1944 . During the War . On July 1941 , Bitsch first served with III . / Jagdgeschwader 3 ( JG 3 — 3rd Fighter Wing ) based on the Eastern Front . Lieutenant Bitsch claimed his first victory on 2 July by shot down an Il - 2 . He had total five victories by 1941 . He claimed two Russian Yak - 4 twin - engine fighters which shot down on 24 June 1942 to claim his 9th and 10th victories . In July , he claimed 15 victories , including his 20th victory shot down on 13 July . Bitsch recorded 18 victories in August , including his 30th victory shot down on 16 August and he achieved 40th victory on 28 August . On 4 September 1942 , Oberleutnant Bitsch was shot down over northwest of Stalingrad . He bailed out of his Bf 109 F - 4 and landed safely but had suffered light injuries in the incident . He returned to combat duty again and proved himself effective again . Bitsch recorded his 50th victory shot down on 19 March 1943 over 3 km South of Stary . On 1 June 1943 , Bitsch was appointed " Staffelkapitän " of 8 . / JG 3 . In July , Oberleutnant Bitsch claimed 29 victories , including six enemy aircraft shot down on 5 July . On 19 July he shot down a Yak - 1 on the Mius front , probably flown by Soviet female ace Katya Budanova . He recorded his 100th victory on 21 July . Bitsch was awarded the Ritterkreuz on 29 August for 104 victories . In August 1943 , III . / JG 3 was transferred to Germany to serve on " Reichsverteidigung " duties ( Defense of the Reich ) . Bitsch shot down four United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) four - engine bombers during this period . On 15 March 1944 , Bitsch was shot down and killed in Bf 109 G - 6 in aerial combat with USAAF P - 47 fighters of the 352d Fighter Group over Schijndel . Bitsch is buried at the German war cemetery at Ysselsteyn ( The Netherlands ) . The crash site was re - discovered in 1994 by Thijs Hellings , a researcher of the World War II airwar from Schijndel . With help from the land - owner remains of the plane where recovered including radio , armoured glass , compass and many small items .
Ambrosio Plaza Ambrosio de La Plaza y Obelmejia ( December 7 , 1791 — June 25 , 1821 ) was a military figure involved in the Venezuelan War of Independence . Born in Caracas , he joined the army at the age of 19 . He fought under Francisco de Miranda and later served under Simón Bolívar . Involved in operations against royalist forces entrenched in Bogotá in 1814 , he later fled with Bolívar to Jamaica and Haiti . Plaza returned to South America and was involved in the liberation of New Granada , and participated in the battles of Gámeza , Pantano de Vargas , and Boyacá . He fought and died in the Battle of Carabobo .
Operation Ratweek In Occupied Europe during World War II , a co - ordinated assassination offensive against Nazi security forces , codenamed Ratweek , was mounted in January 1944 by the Special Operations Executive ( SOE ) , with the intention of creating confusion and trepidation at the same time as the Allies increased preparations for the Resistance ' s contribution to the Normandy Landings . Full details have never been released , but it is known that " Ratweek " achieved successes against Nazi personnel and collaborators in Norway , France , Denmark , and the Netherlands . In 2000 it was revealed that the operation had been supervised by Edwin Hardy Amies , at the time head of the SOE ' s Belgian Section .
Otto Diller Schmidt Otto Diller Schmidt ( August 10 , 1884 – February 10 , 1963 ) was a seaman serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Schmidt was born August 10 , 1884 in Blair , Nebraska and after joining the navy he was stationed aboard the as a seaman . On July 21 , 1905 one of the ’ s boilers exploded while it was in port at San Diego , California . For his actions during and following the explosion he received the Medal January 5 , 1906 . He died February 10 , 1963 and is buried there in Prospect Hill Cemetery Norfolk , Nebraska . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 10 August 1884 , Blair , Nebr . Accredited to : Nebraska . G . O . No . : 13 , 5 January 1906 . Citation : While serving on board the U . S . S . Bennington for extraordinary heroism displayed at the time of the explosion of a boiler of that vessel at San Diego , Calif . , 21 July 1905 .
Henry Goddard Thomas Brigadier General and Brevet Major General Henry Goddard Thomas ( April 5 , 1837 – January 23 , 1897 ) was a Union general in the American Civil War . A native of Portland , Maine , Thomas graduated from Amherst College in 1858 and was admitted to the bar shortly thereafter . He enlisted as a private in the 5th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Promoted to captain in June 1861 , Thomas was present at the First Battle of Bull Run and the Peninsula Campaign among other battles . In February 1863 , Thomas was appointed colonel of the 2nd Regiment Infantry U . S . Colored Troops . In December 1863 , Thomas was appointed colonel of the 19th Regiment Infantry U . S . Colored Troops . On November 30 , 1864 , President Abraham Lincoln appointed Thomas a brigadier general of volunteers to rank from his appointment date . The President nominated Thomas for the appointment on December 12 , 1864 and the U . S . Senate confirmed the promotion on February 23 , 1865 . Thomas was mustered out of the volunteers on January 15 , 1866 . On March 29 , 1867 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Thomas for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers for his service during the war , to rank from March 13 , 1865 , and the U . S . Senate confirmed the award on April 5 , 1867 . Henry Goddard Thomas died in January 23 , 1897 in Oklahoma City Indian Territory ( Oklahoma ) and is interred at Evergreen Cemetery in Portland , Maine . Personal . Thomas was the brother of diplomat and politician William W . Thomas , Jr .
Fort Lee Air Force Station Fort Lee Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force station . It is located northwest of Prince George , Virginia . It was closed in 1983 . History . Fort Lee Air Force Station , located on the United States Army Fort Lee installation , was selected in 1956 for a Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system direction center ( DC ) site , designated DC - 04 . The SAGE system was a network linking Air Force ( and later FAA ) General Surveillance Radar stations into a centralized center for Air Defense , intended to provide early warning and response for a Soviet nuclear attack . This automated control system was used by NORAD for tracking and intercepting enemy bomber aircraft . In the later versions the system could automatically direct aircraft to an interception by sending instructions directly to the aircraft ' s autopilot . The 4625th Air Defense Wing was activated at the site under the 85th Air Division on 1 December 1956 to supervise the construction of the SAGE blockhouses and the installation and testing of the SAGE electronic and data processing equipment . The 4625th ADW was re - designated as the Washington Air Defense Sector ( WaADS ) on 8 January 1957 upon DC - 04 ' s activation , remaining under the 85th AD . The operation of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) direction center ( DC - 04 ) was the mission the WaADS . The Sector was disestablished on 1 April 1966 , the SAGE operations were reassigned to the 33d Air Division , being moved to Fort Lee AFS from Richards - Gebaur AFB , Missouri . The 33d AD was inactivated on 19 November 1969 , its assets being assumed by the newly - reactivated 20th Air Division at Fort Lee AFS The DC - 04 and the 20th Air Division were inactivated on 1 March 1983 by ADTAC . With its inactivation , Fort Lee Air Force Station was closed . After its closure , the site was taken over by the Federal Government , and is now the home of several federal agencies . Only the orderly room , mess hall and one barracks building still stand of the Air Force station . The SAGE blockhouse also stands , now named Von Steuben Hall and contains the Combined Arms Support Command ( CASCOM ) Training Director , Battle Support Center , Logistics Exercise & Simulation Directorate and the National Simulation Center .
821st Strategic Aerospace Division The 821st Strategic Aerospace Division ( 821st SAD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Strategic Air Command , assigned to Fifteenth Air Force , being stationed at Ellsworth AFB , South Dakota . It was inactivated on 30 June 1971 . Activated in 1958 as an intermediate command echelon of Strategic Air Command , providing command and control , manning , training , and equipping of B - 52 Stratofortress Strategic Wings in the Upper Midwest United States for long range bombardment missions using either nuclear or conventional weapons . It also developed and maintained the capability for effective air refueling operations . Redesignated as a Strategic Aerospace Division in 1962 when Strategic Wings were inactivated and the command assumed control over Titan I Wings for strategic aerospace warfare using intercontinental ballistic missiles . Between 1966 and 1970 , the division ' s subordinate units loaned B - 52 and KC - 135 aircraft and crews to Strategic Air Command organizations in Southeast Asia in support of Arc Light combat missions . The 821st conducted numerous staff assistance visits , and participated in tactical exercises such as Operation Chrome Dome and Buckskin Rider . Inactivated in 1971 as part of SAC ' s withdrawal from Southeast Asia and also as a result of budgetary reductions . History . Components . Wings