naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Natick ( YTB - 760 ) USS " Natick " ( YTB - 760 ) was the lead ship of United States Navy large district harbor tugs . The second U . S . Navy ship to carry that name , she is named for Natick , Massachusetts . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Natick " was awarded 29 June 1960 . She was laid down down on 1 September 1960 at Slidell , Louisiana , by Southern Shipbuilding Corp and launched 19 June 1961 . Operational history . From 1961 to 1964 " Natick " served the 5th Naval District , Norfolk , Virginia . From 1964 into 1970 the tug was assigned to SUBRON 14 at Holy Loch , Scotland . " Natick " supported U . S . Navy ships at La Maddalena , Italy from 1970 to 1973 . Stricken from the Navy list on 28 March 2003 , " Natick " was sold at Boston , Massachusetts , on 26 April 2005 .
Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach ( 1653 – 1721 ) was Governor General of Swedish Estonia from 1704 to 1706 . His armorial epitaph says : " Ihro Kaijsserliche Maijestat Wolbestalter gesamter Krieges Rath und General Lieutenant Von der Infanterie hochwolgebohrner H : Baron Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach Erb herr auff Bornhausen Perende und Urbs . Ist Anno 1653 D 23 Febr . . . In diese Welt gebohren und Anno 1721 27 martij in den Herren Sehlich ent . . . . ffcn seines alters 68 Jahr 1 Monat " . Biography . Born in Livonia , Schlippenbach participated as a captain in the Swedish army Scanian War under Charles XI and served later as a major in Swedish Pomerania and Prussia . In 1688 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in governor Soop ' s regiment in Riga ; in 1693 he was transferred to young prince Charles ' s life regiment in Stockholm . When the Great Northern War broke out after the prince was crowned as Charles XII , Schlippenbach raised a regiment of dragoon s in Livonia , of which he became the colonel . When Charles broke winter camp at Dorpat ( present - day Tartu ) and headed towards Riga in early 1701 , Schlippenbach was left behind to defend the Livonian border . He won the battle of Rauge on 5 September 1701 and was subsequently promoted to major general , but was then defeated by a large Russian force under Boris Sheremetev at Erastfer on 30 December the same year and at Sagnitz and Hummelshof on 19 July 1702 . In 1703 he had to transfer a good part of his forces to reinforce Lewenhaupt ' s in Kurland . This left him powerless to prevent Narva and Dorpat from falling into Russian hands in 1704 , the same year he was named Governor General in Reval ( present - day Tallinn ) . When Lewenhaupt marched into Russia in 1708 , Schlippenbach followed as colonel of his dragoon regiment . At the battle of Poltava he led a reconnaissance cavalry squad on the right wing and was captured . He was released from the Russian captivity in 1712 , began serving Russia in the rank of general - major in 1712 , was promoted to the rank of general - lieutenat in 1714 and died in 1721 .
1st Fleet ( Imperial Japanese Navy ) The was the main battleship fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy . History . First established on 28 December 1903 , the IJN 1st Fleet was created during the Russo - Japanese War when the Imperial General Headquarters divided the Readiness Fleet into a mobile strike force of cruiser s and destroyer s to pursue the Imperial Russian Navy ' s Vladivostok - based cruiser squadron ( IJN 2nd Fleet ) , while the remaining bulk of the Japanese fleet ( the IJN 1st Fleet ) continued to blockade Port Arthur in hopes of luring the battleship s of the Russian Pacific Fleet out into a classic line - of - battle confrontation . The two fleets were combined into the Combined Fleet for the final Battle of Tsushima . The decisive victory of the Japanese fleet over the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima validated the doctrine of the " decisive victory " , or " kantai kessen " as stipulated by naval theorists such as Alfred Thayer Mahan and Satō Tetsutarō in the eyes of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff , and future naval procurement and deployment was centered around refinements of this doctrine . The Mahanian objective was to build a fleet in being , a naval force kept deliberately in strategic reserve , as secondary forces based on cruisers and destroyers waged a campaign of attrition against an approaching enemy , who would then be destroyed in a climatic final battle similar to the Battle of Tsushima . As a result of this doctrine , although individual ships and task forces were dispatched on occasion for specific combat operations , the main force in the Imperial Japanese Navy was mostly held in reserve from the time of its inception until near the end of World War II . Commanders of the IJN 1st Fleet . Commander in chief Chief of Staff
United States Soldiers ' and Airmen ' s Home National Cemetery United States Soldiers ' and Airmen ' s Home National Cemetery , in Washington , D . C . , is located next to the Armed Forces Retirement Home . It is one of only two national cemeteries administered by the Department of the Army , the other being Arlington National Cemetery . The national cemetery is adjacent to the historic Rock Creek Cemetery and to the Soldiers ' Home .
Man Gui Man Gui ( Chinese : 滿桂 ; died 1629 ) was a Ming Dynasty General ( 總兵 ) of Mongol origin . Biography . First spotted in an inspection tour by Grand - Secretary Sun Chengzong , he was highly prominent under Marshal Yuan Chonghuan . He served under Yuan Chonghuan in the Battle of Ningyuan and in the Battle of Ningjin ( Ningyuan and Jinzhou ) . After the arrest of Yuan Chonghuan by the Ming emperor due to false charges , Man Gui became the main commander and was killed in combat in the battle of Beijing in 1629 .
Charles E . Stuart Charles Edward Stuart ( November 25 , 1810May 19 , 1887 ) was a U . S . Representative and U . S . Senator from the state of Michigan . Biography . Stuart was born in New York , either near Waterloo , New York , or in Columbia County . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1832 , and commenced practice in Waterloo . He moved to Michigan in 1835 and settled in Kalamazoo , Michigan . Stuart was a member of the state house of representatives in 1842 and was elected as a Democrat from Michigan ' s 2nd congressional district to the 30th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward Bradley . He served in the U . S . House from December 6 , 1847 , to March 4 , 1849 and was defeated for relection in 1848 by William Sprague . Two years later , he defeated Sprague by being elected to the 32nd Congress , serving from March 4 , 1851 to March 4 , 1853 . He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State in the 32nd Congress . Stuart was elected to the U . S . Senate in 1852 and served in the 34th , 35th , and 36th Congresses from March 4 , 1853 to March 4 , 1859 . He was the President pro tempore of the Senate during the 34th Congress , and chairman of the Committee on Public Lands in the 34th and 35th Congresses . He did not seek reelection to the Senate but was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Michigan in 1858 . He resumed the practice of law in Kalamazoo and was a delegate to the 1860 Democratic National Convention from Michigan . During the Civil War , Stuart raised and equipped the 13th Michigan Infantry , of which he was commissioned colonel . He later resigned due to ill health . Charles E . Stuart died in Kalamazoo and was interred in Mountain Home Cemetery . His home in Kalamazoo at 427 Stuart Ave . is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The surrounding Stuart Area Historic District is also listed .
Battle of Ctesiphon ( 165 ) The Battle of Ctesiphon in 165 AD was part of the wider Roman - Parthian Wars . The Parthians had tried but failed to take Armenia in the previous years , but a Roman counter - attack saw them lay a successful siege and capture of Ctesiphon . Aftermath . Like the previous invasion attempts , the Romans made no attempt at permanently occupying Ctesiphon . In the end , the Parthians managed to re - group . However , the Parthians were becoming steadily weaker , with more concessions given to the Roman Empire and the Parthian nobles and vassal kingdoms .
XXIII Reserve Corps ( German Empire ) The XXIII Reserve Corps ( ) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I . Formation . XXIII Reserve Corps was formed in October 1914 . It was part of the first wave of new Corps formed at the outset of World War I consisting of XXII - XXVII Reserve Corps of 43rd - 54th Reserve Divisions ( plus 6th Bavarian Reserve Division ) . The personnel was predominantly made up of " kriegsfreiwillige " ( wartime volunteers ) who did not wait to be called up . It was dissolved on 12 August 1918 . Structure on formation . On formation in October 1914 , XXIII Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions . but was weaker than an Active Corps In summary , XXIII Reserve Corps mobilised with 26 infantry battalions , 8 machine gun platoons ( 16 machine guns ) , 2 cavalry detachments , 18 field artillery batteries ( 72 guns ) and 2 pioneer companies . Commanders . XXIII Reserve Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Charles Gabriel Morel d ' Escures Charles Gabriel Morel d ' Escures ( 3 January 1751 , Alençon – 13 July 1786 , Baie des Français , Lituya , Alaska ) was a French navigator and explorer and a member of the La Pérouse expedition ( 1 August 1785 to 13 July 1786 ) and of the Académie de Marine . Life . Training at the Ecole royale de Marine ( 1773 – 1775 ) , he fought in several campaigns from 1776 to 1783 and held his last command on the " la Dorade " ( decommissioned in 1783 ) . Lieutenant de vaisseau from 14 April 1781 , he received the ordre de Saint - Louis on 1 June 1783 . On 13 May 1785 , the comte d ' Hector chose Morel d ' Escures , to oversee the works on and arming of the " Portefaix " ( later the " Boussole " ) , and would embark on that ship as ensign . He died trying to negotiate the passage of the bay of Lituya .
Africa Service Medal The Africa Service Medal was a South African campaign medal for service in World War II . It was instituted by King George VI , in his capacity as South African head of state , on 23 December 1943 , and was awarded in addition to the British stars and medals issued for the war . The medal was granted to members of the Union Defence Forces , the South African Police , and the South African Railways Police . Qualification . To qualify for the medal , a member of those services must have volunteered for war service outside South Africa , and have served continuously for thirty days , or part - time for a total of eighteen hours , between 6 September 1939 and 2 September 1945 . As the name indicates , the medal was originally intended for service in Africa , up to the defeat of the Axis forces in North Africa 1943 , but it was later extended to cover service anywhere in the world , right up to the end of the war . Design . The medal is silver . The design was suggested by Field Marshal J . C . Smuts . The obverse depicts a map of Africa , surrounded by the name of the medal in English , Africa Service Medal and Afrikaans , Afrikadiens - medalje . The reverse depicts a springbok prancing through the veld . < br > The ribbon is orange - red ( the colour of the shoulder flash worn by South African volunteers ) , edged in green and gold ( the " springbok " sporting colours , which were adopted as the defence force colours ) . World War II ex - service men referred to the ribbon of this medal as " Ouma ' s Garter " . " Ouma " ( i . e . " Granny " ) Smuts was the wife of the South African World War II prime minister , Field Marshal Jan Smuts . The nickname was a tribute to her unstinting efforts to supply the South African troops with home comforts . King ' s Commendation ( South Africa ) ( 1939 - 45 ) . A bronze King protea flower emblem was authorised , to be worn on the ribbon of the Africa Service Medal , for valuable services in connection with the Second World War . It could be awarded posthumously and was the equivalent of a Mention in Despatches for services rendered away from the battle field .
Battle of Krasne Battle of Krasne ( February 20 - February 23 , 1651 ) was a battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising . Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Marcin Kalinowski defeated the Cossacks forces under the command of Danylo Nechay . Danylo Nechay was killed in battle .
SS Tuscania ( 1914 ) The SS " Tuscania " was a luxury liner of the Cunard subsidiary Anchor Line , named after a town in Italy . She was torpedoed in 1918 by the German U - boat " UB - 77 " while carrying American troops to Europe and sank with a loss of 210 lives . Commercial career . The Tuscania carried passengers between New York City and Glasgow while in service with the Anchor Line , on a route that had previously been assigned to her sistership " Transylvania " . She continued to run this route even as World War I broke out in Europe and Germany initiated . She also made at least one run from Bombay to Liverpool . Unrestricted submarine warfare in British territorial waters put neutral ships like the " Tuscania " at risk of being misidentified and attacked . The " Tuscania " made international headlines for rescuing passengers and crew from the burning Greek steamer SS " Athinai " on September 20 , 1915 , and made the news again in March 1917 by evading a submarine and a suspected German commerce raider . Final voyage . On the morning of February 5 , 1918 , carrying over 2 , 000 American troops , the HMS " Tuscania " turned south for the North Channel en route to Liverpool . After an arduous voyage across the North Atlantic , most of those aboard , in sight of the Irish coast to starboard and the Scottish coast to port , surely believed the worst part of their journey was behind them . Spotted by German submarine UB - 77 earlier in the day , however , their convoy was stalked until early evening and the cover of darkness . Then , at about 6 : 40 pm , submarine captain Lt . Cdr . Wilhelm Meyer ordered two torpedoes fired at the " Tuscania " . The second of these struck home , sending her — within about four hours — to the bottom of the Channel . It was on February 6 , 1915 , almost exactly three years before the fatal day , that " Tuscania " had made her maiden voyage as a passenger liner serving the North Atlantic routes between New York and Great Britain . In 1916 , though , she had been refitted and pressed into service as a troop carrier , and on her final voyage she had departed Hoboken , New Jersey 12 days earlier with 384 crew members and 2 , 013 American troops aboard . Approximately 210 of the troops and crew were lost , while many others were rescued by two British destroyers , the HMS " Mosquito " and HMS " Pigeon " . Today she lies between Scotland ' s Islay Isle and Ireland ' s Rathlin Island , about 7 miles north of Rathlin lighthouse , at roughly N 55 . 41 , W 6 . 185 , under 100 meters of sea .
Future Character of Conflict The Future Character of Conflict is a study produced by the UK Ministry of Defence ' s Development , Concepts and Doctrine Centre ( DCDC ) . It was undertaken alongside the Centre ' s Global Strategic Trends Programme , both were launched alongside the Defence Green Paper published on the 3rd February 2010 . The report details global trends that indicate increasing instability and growing opportunity for confrontation and conflict . State failure , extremists , increased competition for resources and the changing global balance of power will dictate why , where and how conflict occurs . The study concludes that the character of conflict will continue to evolve . Though it is impossible to accurately predict the exact character of the future conflict , in many future operations the armed forces are likely to face a range of simultaneous threats and adversaries in an anarchic and extended operating area . The Future Character of Conflict The Defence Green Paper 2010
Military Provost Staff Corps The Military Provost Staff Corps ( MPSC ) was the corps of the British Army which ran its military prison s . As the Military Provost Staff ( MPS ) , the corps is now administratively part of the Adjutant General ' s Corps . It also provides operational support and technical advice for Prisoner of War handling during conflicts and monitors PoWs in custody . It is based at the Military Corrective Training Centre ( MCTC ) in Colchester , Essex . The Military Prison Staff Corps was formed in 1901 under Army Order 241 . It was redesignated the Military Provost Staff Corps in 1906 . It became part of the Adjutant General ' s Corps ( AGC ) on 6 April 1992 , forming the Provost Branch along with the Royal Military Police . It retains a separate identity within the AGC , however , keeping its cap badge and other symbols . The MPS does not recruit directly from civilian life , but only accepts applications from soldiers already serving in the Army . All its members hold a minimum rank of Corporal . On Tuesday 13 January 2009 the MPS was presented a new Tactical recognition flash by the Provost Marshal .
RAF Locking RAF Locking was a Royal Air Force base at Locking just outside Weston - super - Mare in Somerset , England . Slightly north of the base is the site of Locking Castle a motte and bailey castle on Carberry Hill . It has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Ministry of Defence use . RAF Locking was opened as a training unit in 1937 . The Technical Site of RAF Locking , as distinct from the airfield about a mile away and called RAF Weston - super - Mare , was the home of the RAF ' s No . 1 Radio School , until its relocation in 1999 to RAF Cosford . 21st century . The base was bought by the South West of England Regional Development Agency and the agency English Partnerships from the Ministry of Defence in 2002 . The agencies and North Somerset Council intend to attract high - tech companies to the site . In October 2006 , Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology became one of the first such companies to announce its move there . Proposals are under consideration for an employment and residential development for the site that could deliver of employment space and up to 1 , 800 new homes . In July 2011 , North Somerset Council gave planning permission for the £50 million LeisureDome , which will contain a indoor ski slope , a climbing wall , a vertical wind tunnel for indoor skydiving , indoor surfing , a BMX track , a health and fitness club , and a number of shops and restaurants . Construction was planned to finish in early 2013 , but it had not started . In 2011 , a housing development known as Parklands Village was proposed .
Second Battle of Chattanooga The Second Battle of Chattanooga was a battle in the American Civil War , beginning on August 21 , 1863 , as the opening battle in the Chickamauga Campaign . The larger and more famous battles were the Battles for Chattanooga ( generally referred to as " the " Battle of Chattanooga ) in November 1863 . Background . On August 16 , 1863 , Maj . Gen . William S . Rosecrans , commander of the Army of the Cumberland , launched a campaign to take Chattanooga , Tennessee . Col . John T . Wilder ' s brigade of the Union 4th Division , XIV Army Corps , marched to a location northeast of Chattanooga where the Confederates could see them , reinforcing Gen . Braxton Bragg ' s expectations of a Union attack on the town from that direction . Battle . On August 21 , Wilder reached the Tennessee River opposite Chattanooga and ordered the 18th Indiana Light Artillery ( Capt . Eli Lilly ' s battery ) to begin shelling the town . The shells caught many soldiers and civilians in town in church observing a day of prayer and fasting . The bombardment sank two steamers docked at the landing and created a great deal of consternation amongst the Confederates . Aftermath . Continuing periodically over the next two weeks , the shelling helped keep Bragg ' s attention to the northeast while the bulk of Rosecrans ' s army crossed the Tennessee River well west and south of Chattanooga . When Bragg learned on September 8 that the Union army was in force southwest of the city , he abandoned Chattanooga and marched his Army of Tennessee into Georgia . Bragg ' s army marched down the LaFayette Road and camped in the city of LaFayette .
Alvis plc Alvis Ltd . was created when United Scientific Holdings plc acquired the Alvis division of the nationalised vehicle manufacturer British Leyland in 1981 . United Scientific maintained its own name until 1992 when the group was renamed Alvis plc . Alvis acquired Swedish armoured vehicle manufacturer Hagglunds AB in 1997 and the armoured vehicle business of GKN in 1998 . Finally , it acquired Vickers Defence Systems from Rolls - Royce in October 2002 . Alvis was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 and became BAE Systems Land Systems ( Weapons & Vehicles ) , now part of the BAE Systems Land and Armaments operating group . History . Alvis became part of Rover in 1965 , which ended the company ' s car manufacturing in 1967 to allow it to concentrate on the manufacture of armoured vehicles . In 1968 Rover and its Alvis subsidiary were incorporated into the Leyland Motor Corporation later British Leyland or BL . In 1981 the then nationalised BL sold the Alvis business to United Scientific Holdings for £27 million . United Scientific was a manufacturer of military sighting products . In 1992 United Scientific adopted the name Alvis plc . In October 1997 Alvis acquired Hägglunds which was later renamed Alvis Hagglunds AB . In September 1998 Alvis acquired the armoured vehicle business of GKN in a deal which saw GKN take a 29 . 9 % stake in Alvis . GKN ' s shareholding was purchased by BAE Systems in September 2003 for £73 million . < ref name = " BAE / GKN " > BAE Systems plc ( September 02 , 2003 ) " BAE Systems completes purchase of GKN ' s 29 % stake in Alvis " . Press release < / ref > In early 2000 Alvis sold a share of its Avimo Group optronics subsidiary to Thomson - CSF and sold all of its remaining shareholding to Thales Group ( the renamed Thomson - CSF ) in 2001 . In 2002 Alvis acquired Vickers Defence Systems from Rolls - Royce for £16 million and merge it with its existing UK business to form Alvis Vickers . The acquisition of Vickers brought the Challenger tank into Alvis ' portfolio , as well as Vickers ' successful military bridging division and its South African subsidiary Vickers OMC . BAE takeover . In 2004 , the board of Alvis approved a £309m takeover bid by the American defence company General Dynamics . Within three months BAE Systems , which already had a 29 % stake in the company , outbid General Dynamics by offering £355m . The action was seen as a defence of the home market from a foreign rival . David Mulholland of " Jane ' s Defence Weekly " said " I don ' t believe BAE expects to make money from this deal , " characterising the purchase as strategic rather than commercial . The bid was accepted by the majority of shareholders . In September 2004 , BAE announced the creation of BAE Systems Land Systems , a new company bringing together the BAE subsidiaries , BAE Systems RO Defence and Alvis Vickers . Alvis Vickers became BAE Systems Land Systems ( Weapons & Vehicles ) Limited , a subsidiary of BAE Systems Land Systems . In 2005 , the acquisition of United Defense led to the creation of BAE Systems Land and Armaments .
HMS Royal James ( 1675 ) HMS " Royal James was a 100 - gun first - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , designed by Sir Anthony Deane and built by his successor as Master Shipwright at Portsmouth Dockyard , Daniel Furzer , and launched in 1675 . She was renamed HMS " Victory on 7 March 1691 as the old second rate " Victory " of 1666 had been condemned by survey and taken to pieces in 1691 . Recommissioned in January 1691 under Captain Edward Stanley , as the flagship of Admiral Sir John Ashby she participated in the Battle of Barfleur on 19 May 1692 – 24 May 1692 . " Victory " was rebuilt at Chatham Dockyard in 1694 — 1695 . Briefly renamed " Royal George " in 1714 after the Hanoverians came to the throne , but resumed the name " Victory " in 1715 . She was partly destroyed by an accidental fire in February 1721 and was broken up , though remained on the navy list until she was ostensibly rebuilt as the new .