naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Stellau The Battle of Stellau was a battle that took place in the year 1201 near the village of Stellau , now part of Barsbüttel , near Wrist , in the German state of Schleswig - Holstein . A German army led by Count Adolf III of Holstein fought a Danish army under King Canute VI of Denmark . Duke Valdemar of Schleswig , supporting the interests of his brother , the Danish King , defeated Adolf and his forces from Holstein . History . After Adolf III of Holstein returned to Europe from the Third Crusade in 1197 , a disagreement between him and the Danish King Canute VI broke out on the island of Rügen in 1200 , followed by an armed conflict in Dithmarschen . Duke Valdemar of Schleswig ordered his army to prepare for war and side with Denmark , ruled by his brother . Adolf led his German army from Holstein to battle in Stellau and crushed the Danes . However , when Adolf and his forces pulled back toward the city of Hamburg , he was besieged , defeated , and captured by Valdemar . In 1202 , Valdemar of Schleswig became King Valdemar II of Denmark . His imprisonment of Adolf continued until 1203 , when due to an illness , he was freed by the new king on the condition that he waive all claims to Holstein . Adolf withdrew to his castle in Schauenburg , where he remained until his death in 1225 . After this battle , Valdemar acquired the nicknamed " the Conqueror , " and maintained his hegemony over the north German coast , including Holstein . His authority continued until the Battle of Bornhöved in 1227 , where he was defeated by Adolf IV of Holstein , the son of Adolf III . A Romanesque stone church consecrated in 1230 by Archbishop Gebhard II of Bremen now marks the historic battle site in Stellau .
Army Mules The Army Mules are a group of two mules which serve as the mascots of the United States Military Academy in West Point , New York . The tradition of mules as mascots for Army dates back to 1899 , when an officer at the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot decided that the team needed a mascot to counter the Navy goat . Mules were an obvious choice , as they were used as haulers for Army gear for generations . Not much is known about the " official " mules until 1936 , when Mr . Jackson ( named for Thomas J . " Stonewall " Jackson ) , a former Army pack mule , arrived from Front Royal , Virginia . He served for twelve years , presiding over two national championship teams . Starting with Mr . Jackson , there have been seventeen " official " Army mules , only one , " Buckshot , " being female . The current Mule Corps are : The Army Mules are trained by cadet Mule Riders , a part of the Spirit Support Activity of the U . S . Corps of Cadets . The current Army Mule Riders , only one chosen from each class , are : Cadet Nels Estvold , 2013 ; Cadet Katherine Deaton , 2014 ; Cadet Samantha Dorminey , 2015 ; and Cadet Mike Nathman , 2016 . Together they are present at many athletic events , parades , and other ceremonial activities . Because they are kept at the United States Military Academy at West Point , many believe that Mules are West Point ' s mascot . However , they are actually the mascot for the entire United States Army . West Point ' s mascot is the Black Knight .
Battle of Gemas The Battle of Gemas — part of the wider Battle of Muar — took place during the Japanese invasion of Malaya in the Pacific Campaign of the Second World War . The action occurred on 14 January 1942 at the Gemencheh Bridge near Gemas and saw around 1 , 000 troops of the Japanese Japanese 5th Division killed or wounded during a fierce ambush initiated by Australian soldiers from 2 / 30th Battalion , assigned to the 27th Brigade of the 8th Division . Battle . The 2 / 30th Battalion ' s commanding officer , Lieutenant Colonel Frederick " Black Jack " Galleghan , was ordered to mount an ambush on the main road , west of Gemas in the hope of preventing the Japanese from advancing any further south . The ambush site was located at a point where a wooden bridge crossed the Sungei Gemencheh river , connecting Gemas with the larger neighbouring town of Tampin , and bringing traffic on the road into a long cutting through thick bushland . The 2 / 30th Battalion subsequently deployed one company in the ambush position forward of the main body of the battalion . The Japanese had passed through Tampin and needed to cross the bridge to reach Gemas and at 16 : 00 on 14 January 1942 , " B " Company 2 / 30th Battalion under Captain Desmond Duffy , initiated the ambush . As the Japanese passed through the engagement area in their hundreds — many of them on bicycles — the bridge was blown and the Australians opened fire with machine guns , rifles and grenades . Faulty telephone lines back to the main battalion position prevented Duffy from being able to call in artillery fire on to the follow on Japanese forces , however , and the forward company was subsequently forced to withdraw after a 20 - minute engagement as the Japanese began to press their positions . Aftermath . The battle following the ambush , and a further action closer to Gemas during which the Australian anti - tank gunners destroyed six out of eight Japanese tanks , lasted another two days . The fighting ended with the Australians withdrawing through Gemas to the Fort Rose Estate . Total Japanese casualties numbered over 1 , 000 killed and wounded , while the Australians lost 81 killed , wounded or missing . Despite the tactical victory at Gemas , as well as strong stands later at Bakri , the 22nd Australian Brigade ’ s ambush north of Jemaluang and the fighting withdrawal from Muar , the Japanese advance down the Malay Peninsula was only temporarily slowed .
Luther Glenn Luther Judson Glenn ( November 26 , 1818June 9 , 1886 ) was a prominent Georgia lawyer , politician , Confederate officer during the American Civil War , and antebellum Mayor of Atlanta . He attended the University of Georgia where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Literary Society and graduated in 1841 . He was married to Mildred Lewis Cobb , a younger sister of Generals Howell and Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb ( Howell Cobb later served as Governor of Georgia ) . An attorney , Glenn represented Henry County in the state legislature as a Democrat before arriving in Atlanta in 1851 . Six years later , he was elected mayor and served two consecutive one - year terms . He was the first mayor to appoint regular committees in council for the various functions of city governance : Fire , Streets , Finance , and so on . In March 1861 , the Southern states that had seceded from the Union appointed special commissioners to travel to those other slaveholding Southern states that had yet to secede . Glenn served as the Commissioner from Georgia to the Missouri Secession Convention , publicly reading Georgia ' s Articles of Secession and trying to persuade Missouri politicians to vote to join Georgia in seceding from the Union . During the Civil War , he served first as the company commander of C Company , Cobb ' s Legion ( Infantry ) , and subsequently as Lt . Colonel of Cobb ' s Legion . He finished the war as the commander of the Post of Atlanta . In that position , he surrendered the remaining Confederate troops of Atlanta to Col . Beroth B . Eggleston of the 1st Ohio Cavalry on May 3 , 1865 . He remained in Atlanta until his death and was buried in Oconee Hill Cemetery in Athens , Georgia . Of his sons , Howell Cobb Glenn , a lawyer , died young in 1890 and John Thomas Glenn , also an attorney , served as mayor of Atlanta from 1889 to 1891 .
Early Commissioning Program In the United States , the Early Commissioning Program allows graduates of one of the country ' s five military junior college s to become commissioned officer s in the armed forces reserve in two years , instead of the usual four . The students must still go on to complete a bachelor ' s degree before serving as regular officers on active duty . The program is a major financial incentive for students to receive their commissions early and serve as officers while still attending college and gaining service time for promotions and retirement . History of the ECP program . Before 1966 , a prospective officer in the United States Army could only gain an ROTC commission after being awarded a baccalaureate degree . To meet the manpower requirements of the Vietnam War , Congress approved a measure that allowed cadets at Military junior college s who had completed all requirements of the ROTC Advanced Course to be commissioned as second lieutenants and called to active duty at the conclusion of their sophomore year . In the mid - 1970s , the elimination of the draft and the anti - military backlash caused by Vietnam led to officer recruiting problems , especially in the reserves . To address these concerns , the ECP was revised in 1978 . Cadets from four - year schools who had successfully completed Advanced Camp and Military Science IV , but who had not yet earned their four - year degree could also be commissioned , provided they were slotted against a valid lieutenant vacancy . Throughout the 1980s , the Early Commissioning Program played a major role in officer production . In some years , ECP officers constituted over 60 percent of all ROTC second lieutenants . The program is a major financial incentive for students who could receive their commissions early and serve as officers while still attending college . In 1984 , the California Guard received 95 percent ( 74 of 78 ) of its ROTC lieutenants from the ECP program . The Army Reserve had a similar experience . In 1991 , the downsizing of the Army reduced officer production requirements , leading to the reduction of the Early Commission Program to the Military junior colleges affiliated with the Army ROTC program . However , with the United States ’ involvement in continuing military action in Iraq and Afghanistan , the number of ECP slots is again being increased . The five military junior colleges . There are five military junior college s participating in the Early Commissioning Program in the United States :
204 Schutzmannschaft Battalion The 204th Schutzmannschafts Battalion was a police guard unit composed from the ethnic Ukrainians personnel drafted at the Lemberg area of the Distrikt Galizien at January – February 1943 . Members of the unit committed atrocities against Jews and Communist party members during early German occupation The unit provided guards for concentration camp Pustków . In July 1943 it was reinforced to 800 strength by the volunteers signed for the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 1st Ukrainian ) . In late July 1944 battalion personnel was transferred into reserve regiment of the 14 SS Freiwilligen Division " Galizien ” . Activity . The Pustkow Concentration Camps was created to support the production and the tests of the German V - 1 and V - 2 missiles – so due the secrecy there no clear information about specific unit activities .
German submarine U - 492 Had she been completed , " U - 492 " would have been a Type XIV supply and replenishment U - boat ( " " Milchkuh " " ) of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 21 August 1943 , by Deutsche Werke of Kiel . However , extreme losses amongst the existing fleet of Milchkuh submarines led Karl Dönitz to conclude further production of these boats was not a viable plan . All fourteen outstanding orders for type XIV submarines were cancelled . Plans for a type XX Milchkuh were dropped and the thirty planned boats of that class were cancelled . " U - 492 " was never launched , and was broken up on the building ways after reaching about 75 % completion .
522d Special Operations Squadron The 522d Special Operations Squadron ( 522 SOS ) , the Fireballs , is a unit of the United States Air Force . It is part of the 27th Special Operations Group , the flying component of the 27th Special Operations Wing at Cannon AFB . It will be the first to operate the MC - 130J Combat Shadow II . Mission . The mission of the 522 SOS will be infiltration , aerial refueling of Special Operations Forces aircraft , and the resupply of joint and coalition SOF via airdrop in hostile , denied , and politically sensitive areas . The unit will achieve Initial Operational Capability in 2012 . History . The 522 SOS was originally constituted in 1939 as the 16th Bombardment Squadron ( Light ) and activated on 1 February 1940 . It was stationed at Barksdale Field , LA , and later Hunter Field , GA , before being assigned to Luzon in the Philippines in 1941 . After war began between the United States and Japan , the unit ' s air echelon operated Australia . When American units in the Philippines surrendered , ground elements of the unit were part of the Bataan Death March . The unit was redesignated as the 522d Fighter - Bomber Squadron on 23 Aug 1943 and then the 522d Fighter Squadron , Single Engine , on 30 May 1944 . During World War II , it was one of the most decorated U . S . Army Air Force units . The unit later served in conflicts such as the Korean and Vietnam wars , and flew almost a dozen different aircraft in support of various missions . The 522d Fighter Squadron inactivated in 2007 when the 27th Fighter Wing became the 27th Special Operations Wing . The 522d Special Operations Squadron was reactivated on 7 April 2011 using the lineage of the 522d Fighter Squadron . Lt . Col . Paul Pendleton assumed command of the 522 SOS and will lead the unit in its new role as the U . S . Air Force ' s first MC - 130J Commando II squadron .
Sergey Akhromeyev Sergey Fyodorovich Akhromeyev ( ; May 5 , 1923 – August 24 , 1991 ) was a Soviet military figure , Hero of the Soviet Union ( 1982 ) and Marshal of the Soviet Union ( 1983 ) . Akhromeyev was a Naval Infantry junior officer during the German - Soviet War , serving with distinction on the Leningrad front . At one point he was ordered to guard and hold a road on which the German Army would be trying to advance . Despite a bloody battle , he was able to accomplish the task . Relating the story during a meal with Secretary of State George Shultz and Ambassador Ken Adelman in Reykjavik during the Reagan Administration , Akhromeyev told Shultz that his accomplishment was not only a great sign of his patriotism , as Shultz suggested , but also was because had he abandoned the road , Stalin would have had him shot . In 1984 - 1988 , Akhromeyev was Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces . In that capacity he was heavily involved in the talks which brought an end to the Cold War . However , he grew increasingly dissatisfied with Mikhail Gorbachev ' s approach to reforming the military , in particular his insistence on dismantling the newest and most accurate ballistic missile in the Soviet Army — the SS - 23 Spider - under the tenets of the Intermediate - Range Nuclear Forces Treaty , and resigned from that position . In March 1990 , he was made Advisor to the President of the USSR on military affairs . During the August Coup of 1991 , Akhromeyev returned from a vacation in Sochi to offer his assistance to the coup leaders . Although he was never implicated in the coup , after its failure Akhromeyev committed suicide in his Kremlin office , hanging himself with a length of curtain cord . In addition to personal messages to his family , he left a note explaining that he could not continue living when the institutions to which he had devoted his life were disintegrating . Shortly after his death , his grave was vandalized and his corpse stripped of the uniform in which it had been buried . The culprits were never found , and it is uncertain whether it was an act of pure desecration or if the grave - robbers hoped to sell the stolen uniform or its adornments for profit . Admiral William Crowe , former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and later the ambassador to the United Kingdom knew Marshal Akhromeyev and once called him a communist , a patriot , and a friend in that order .
AK - 22 An AK - 22 " Trainer " is a semi - automatic rifle loosely based upon the AK - 47 in its design , and chambered in . 22 long rifle calibre . The firearm currently sold on the civilian market in the United States of America dubbed as the AK - 22 " Trainer " is manufactured in Romania by " S . C . Uzinele Mecanice Cugir S . A " . Despite the common belief , the AK - 22 is not normally used to train regular troops either in Romania or in other countries . While until recently the use of rimfire rifles replicating the standard service rifles in its dimensions and features had been common in several countries for training soldiers in basic firearms handling and marksmanship , at present this use has been abandoned due to the enormous availability of service weapons and ammunition already in stock , and the fact that a rimfire rifle , with its low recoil , doesn ' t help accustom a recruit to the recoil of the regulation rifle they will use in their normal service life ; rimfire rifles are however used in many countries for basic firearms handling and standard marksmanship training within Armed Forces ' " Youth Corps " ( Cadets ) . The AK - 22 is thus intended merely as a civilian sporter rifle . Its average price ranges within 200 and 500 US $ . The AK - 22 should not be confused with the weapon commonly sold in America as the Armscor AK 22 Sidefolder , which is a sporter , rimfire AK - 47 semi - automatic version manufactured in the Philippines as the MAK - 22F and sold with a side - folding stock . The two weapons are extremely different both cosmetically and internally .
AFB Bloemspruit AFB Bloemspruit is an airbase of the South African Air Force . It is co - located with Bloemfontein Airport , and shares its runways . The base motto is " Ex Unite Pax " , ( " Peace Through Unity " ) . The unit is also responsible for maintaining the military airstrip at Vastrap , near Upington .
Thure de Thulstrup Thure de Thulstrup ( April 5 , 1848 – June 9 , 1930 ) , born Bror Thure Thulstrup , was a Swedish - born illustrator who , after emigrating to America , became one of the leading illustrators there , with contributions for numerous magazines , including three decades of work for " Harper ' s Weekly " . Thulstrup primarily illustrated historical military scenes . Background . Thulstrup was born in Stockholm , Sweden . His father was Sweden ' s Secretary of the Navy amongst other such positions . After graduating from the Royal Swedish Military Academy , Thulstrup joined the Swedish military as an artillery officer at the age of twenty . However , he soon left Sweden for Paris , where he joined the French Foreign Legion and saw service in the Franco - Prussian War . Thulstrup also served in the French part of Northern Africa as a member of the First Zouave Regiment . Career . After leaving the French Army , Thulstrup moved to Canada in 1872 to become a civil engineer . He moved to the United States in 1873 , where he became an artist for the " New York Daily Graphic " , and , later , " Frank Leslie ' s Illustrated Newspaper " , documenting local events . As his skills improved , he became able to move into more and more prestigious roles , including work for " Century " , " Harper ' s Monthly " , and " Scribner ' s Magazine " . While living in New York , Thulstrup studied at the Art Students League . His military pictures include a series of paintings depicting the American Civil War , and illustrations of a Virginian lifestyle in the middle of the eighteenth century . Thulstrup primarily illustrated historical military scenes , and was praised by one of his publishers , Louis Prang , as " the foremost military artist in America " , a sentiment echoed by other contemporary critics . He also illustrated various other subjects . Personal life . Thulstrup married Lucie Bavoillot in 1879 . He died on June 9 , 1930 , leaving behind no children , and no personal papers of his have survived . Following his death , his illustrations have been labeled as " some of the most familiar scenes of American life now extant " .
North & South ( US magazine ) North & South – The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society was a military history and general history bi - monthly magazine published in the United States concerning the American Civil War 1861 – 1865 . As its title states , it was the official magazine of the " Civil War Society " . It was often referred to as just " North & South . " Keith Poulter is the magazine ' s founder and editor . Purpose . " North & South " was founded in 1997 with a focus on historical accuracy with frequent ground breaking topics . This is often done by discussion articles that is unique to this magazine . The book review section and " Crossfire " provide a mix of light and detail . It is considered an accurate historical magazine without a " pop " magazine feel . Format . The magazine is a 8 inch by 10 inch color glossy cover with 65 to 85 magazine grade pages containing primarily black and white pictures related to the American Civil War with color pictures for a nice balance . The mix of article verses advertisement is nicely balanced on the main pages . Articles . The magazine featured articles focus on historical people , weapons , battles or campaigns and events which describe the context in which the Civil War conflict was fought . They will typically include appropriate illustrations and an expanded bibliography for further reading . There can also be eyewitness accounts , and other war - related topics . The articles cover a diverse range of historical events prior to and after the American Civil War . The magazine also includes an editorial page and brief reviews of history books and simulations . The illustrations include maps , museum artwork , and photographs . End of publication . In June 2013 , the magazine abruptly announced it would it end publication .
Fort Leonardo Fort Leonardo also known as Fort St Leonardo , Fort San Leonardo and Fort San Anard is a fortification on the island of Malta . It stands between the villages of San Leonardo and Zonqor above the shore east of Grand Harbour . It was built between 1872 and 1878 by the British . Fort St Leonardo still exists , and is in reasonable repair , though a house has been built inside the ditch and the ditch in - filled to create an access . The seaward ditches are all in good repair . The fort is now used as a farm . The layout of the fort is complicated , with a smaller inner fort forming one corner within the larger part of the fort that contains the gun emplacements . A modern construction , possibly a reservoir , alongside the shoreward side of the fort detracts rather from its original appearance , and the approach to the main gate has been mined for rubble and is substantially damaged . The fort inside the ditch is not open to the public The photographs were taken during a private tour .