naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German Imperial Naval Academy The German Imperial Naval Academy ( " Marineakademie " ) at Kiel , Germany , was from 1872 until the end of the First World War the higher education institution of the German Imperial Navy , " Kaiserliche Marine " , where naval officers were prepared for problems in higher levels of command . The Naval Academy was founded in 1872 by the Chief of the Imperial Admiralty , Lieutenant General Albrecht von Stosch , as a graduate school to prepare naval officers selected for higher duties in the Imperial Navy . He took as a model the Prussian Military Academy , which trained general staff officers for the Prussian army . The curriculum consisted of navy subjects such as naval history and general education courses . In addition , course participants learned two modern foreign languages . Initially the training lasted for three years ; beginning in 1883 it was shortened to two years . The Naval Academy was the training command of the Imperial Navy . From 1888 the Naval Academy was in the same building as the undergraduate level Naval School ( " Marineschule " ) until 1910 , when the Naval School moved to Flensburg - Mürwik , where it remains today . The building contained accommodations for the students , also model collections and a library of about 40 , 000 volumes . After the First World War the academy was closed , and the building housed a Baltic Sea naval station . After the Second World War it came into the possession of the state of Schleswig - Holstein . It is now the government house of Kiel , and serves as a parliament building of the federal state of Schleswig - Holstein . The Navy of the Federal Republic of Germany uses the " Marineschule " at Flensburg - Mürwik as its Naval Academy .
Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union By the end of World War II the number of Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union was significant , about 140 , 000 of them having been taken prisoner even after August 23 , 1944 , the date when Romania switched its alliance from the Axis Powers to the Allies . These prisoners of war worked in various labor camp s . Some were originally from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina , which were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 , some were from Romania proper . For example , 6 , 730 Romanians worked in the Spassky camp of Karlag , in Karaganda Oblast , Kazakh SSR , in Vorkuta , in Norilsk , and in other places . Spassky camp nr . 99 was established in July 1941 , and was the largest POW camp in the region . While most of those prisoners were German and Japan ese , over 8 , 000 of them were Romanian POWs . Over 1 , 100 of those Romanian prisoners died at Spassky camp , due to the harsh conditions there . An April 1946 report to Vyacheslav Molotov ( see the wikisource reference ) stated that in 1945 , 61 , 662 Romanian POWs were repatriated , 20 , 411 took part in forming Romanian volunteer divisions , and about 50 , 000 more remained in labor camps . The last Romanian POW were freed in 1956 . Some were arrested again by Communist Romanian authorities on their arrival in Romania " for waging war on the Soviet Union " , and sent to Sighet prison . On September 9 , 2003 , a granite monument was inaugurated at the Spassky camp cemetery by then - Romanian President Ion Iliescu . It bears the inscription " " In memoriam " . To those over 900 Romanian prisoners of war who died in Stalinist camps in central Kazakhstan in 1941 – 1950 . "
Al Muhammadi Air Base Al Muhammadi Air Base is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Al - Anbar Governorate of Iraq . It was seized by Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 . Overview . Al Muhammadi was primarily a ground military facility for the Iraqi Army prior to Operation Iraqi Freedom ( OIF ) . Two large military areas can be seen in aerial imagery to the west and south of the airfield . The airfield , classified by the IATA as a small civilian airport , consists of a 10 , 000 - foot runway with several hardened military aircraft shelters knowns as " Trapezoids " or " Yugos " which were built by Yugoslavian contractors some time prior to 1985 . The base was heavily attacked by Coalition airpower during OIF ; aerial imagery shows numerous bomb craters scattered throughout the airfield area , with the army facilities having large numbers of damaged , roofless buildings . Operational structures around the airfield appear to have been demolished and removed . Today the concrete runway and series of taxiways remain exposed and deteriorating to the elements .
25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 25th Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 25th Wisconsin was organized at La Crosse , Wisconsin and mustered into Federal service September 14 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on June 7 , 1865 . Casualties . The 25th Wisconsin suffered 3 officers and 46 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds , plus another 7 officers and 402 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 460 fatalities .
Charles L . McCawley Charles Laurie McCawley ( August 24 , 1865 – April 29 , 1935 ) was an American officer who served in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish - American War and World War I . He who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers awarded the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . Early life and marriage . McCawley was born August 24 , 1865 in Massachusetts to Charles G . McCawley who became the 8th Commandant of the Marine Corps . He married Sarah Helen Frelinghuysen Davis July 24 , 1906 at Washington , D . C . Military career . McCawley worked in the Commandant of the Marine Corps office as Chief Clerk from 1881 to 1897 . His father Colonel McCawley assumed the duties as the Commandant in 1876 , being appointed colonel commandant , the highest post in the Marine Corps , and served in that position until he retired in 1891 . The younger McCawley remained on as the Chief Clerk for six years after his father retired . On the day his father retired from Marine Corps service Charles L . McCawley was appointed a direct commission in the Marine Corps as a Captain . After accepting his appointment he went on to serve in Cuba , the Spanish - American War and World War I . He died April 29 , 1935 at his home in Washington , D . C . , and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery May 1 , 1935 . His grave can be found in the south section , site 3888 . His wife Sarah was buried beside him when she died . He retired from the Marine Corps August 24 , 1929 , at the age of 64 . Presidential citation . Citation : Secretary of the Navy citation . Citation Navy Distinguished Service Medal . Citation :
Yan Liang Yan Liang ( died 200 ) was a military general serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . He was slain by Guan Yu at the Battle of Boma . Biography . Little is known about Yan ' s life . The only historical records about him could be found in Chen Shou ' s " Records of Three Kingdoms " , in the biographies of Yuan Shao , Guan Yu , and Cao Cao . It was implied that Yan was one of the higher - ranking generals under Yuan Shao . In 200 , Yuan mustered an army boasting 100 , 000 in strength and declared to march on Xuchang , the new capital and base city of Cao Cao . To ensure a safe crossing of the Yellow River , he intended to send Yan to attack Boma ( northeast of present day Huaxian , Henan ) and set a foothold on the southern bank of the river , but advisor Ju Shou ' s counsel that Yan was too frivolous to handle the responsibility alone . Thus , Guo Tu and Chunyu Qiong were sent to oversee Yan ' s operation . Before Ju was stripped of power , he was responsible for the whole army . Yuan later divided Ju ' s command into three hands : Ju , Guo Tao , and Chunyu were appointed military commanders . In a counter - tactic , Cao Cao moved his main force westwards along the Yellow River , diverting Yuan Shao ' s army in the same direction , but sent Guan Yu and Zhang Liao east to relieve the attack on Boma . During the ensuing battle , Yan ' s chariot was identified by Guan , and was subsequently killed by the latter , his severed head was also brought as a token . In fiction . In Luo Guanzhong ' s historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , Yuan Shao gave high praise to Yan ' s prowess in battle . Faced with the indomitable enemy Hua Xiong , Yuan lamented , " If I had either Yan Liang or Wen Chou here , I would have nothing to fear . " This comment foreshadows the first appearance of Yan in chapter 25 , where he was deployed by Yuan Shao as commander of a vanguard force to take Boma in a conflict with rival warlord Cao Cao . Cao quickly drew a light force and came to its defense . True to his lord ' s compliments , Yan slew two of Cao ' s generals , Song Xian and Wei Xu , and injured Xu Huang on the first day of encounter . As suggested by his advisor Cheng Yu , Cao then summoned Guan Yu , whose service he had for the time being . The next day , as Yan ' s army lined up on the battlefield , Guan sat with Cao on a hilltop and looked down . From afar he saw Yan sitting on a chariot under the army standard . Leaping onto the Red Hare , Guan galloped straight into the enemy ranks , which broke before him like waves before a swift vessel . Before Yan could fight back , he was struck down by Guan . Guan severed Yan ' s head , tied it to the neck of his steed , and rode back unhindered .
War Industries Board The War Industries Board ( WIB ) was a United States government agency established on July 28 , 1917 , during World War I , to coordinate the purchase of war supplies . The organization encouraged companies to use mass - production techniques to increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products . The board set production quotas and allocated raw materials . It also conducted psychological testing to help people find the right jobs . The board was led initially by Frank A . Scott , who had previously been head of the General Munitions Board . He was replaced in November by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad president Daniel Willard . Finally in January 1918 , the board was reorganized under the leadership of financier Bernard M . Baruch . The WIB dealt with labor - management disputes resulting from increased demand for products during World War I . The government could not negotiate prices and could not handle worker strikes , so the War Industries Board regulated the two to decrease tensions by stopping strikes with wage increases to prevent a shortage of supplies going to the war in Europe . Under the War Industries Board , industrial production in the U . S . increased 20 percent . The War Industries Board was decommissioned by an executive order on January 1 , 1919 . With the war mobilization conducted under the supervision of the War Industries Board unprecedented fortunes fell upon war producers and certain holders of raw materials and patents . Hearings in 1934 by the Nye Committee led by U . S . Senator Gerald Nye were intended to hold war profiteers to account . Members of the War Industries Board . The original seven members of the War Industries Board were : Other later members included :
Blanchard Brd . 1 The Blanchard Brd . 1 was a French reconnaissance flying boat used by the French navy in the 1920s . It was a large biplane with two engines mounted in the gap between the wings , each engine driving a pusher propeller . In 1924 , one Brd . 1 was used to set several world altitude records for seaplanes . Operators . Units using this aircraft . Aéronautique Maritime
Cannone da 65 / 17 modello 13 The cannone da 65 / 17 modello 13 was an artillery piece developed by Italy for use with its mountain and infantry units . The designation means 65 mm calibre gun , barrel length 17 calibres , which entered service in 1913 . The designation is often shortened to cannone da 65 / 17 . Description . A lightweight design , the 65 mm gun was designed for use in difficult terrain and extreme weather conditions . The barrel had a 17 calibre length , and was designed for firing low - trajectory shots . The carriage was likewise simple in nature , consisting of a single trailing arm and solid - rim spoked wheels for horse draft . The weapon could be broken - down into five loads for transport . A simple folding gun shield was also provided in 1935 . History . The 65 mm gun was first accepted into service with Italian mountain troops in 1913 , and it served with them throughout World War I . Replacements arrived in the 1920s and the gun was transferred to the regular infantry . It was well liked by the infantry due to its minimal weight and high reliability in adverse conditions . Despite its light calibre , it served through World War II with Italian forces as a close support weapon . It was effective also mounted on truck , in North Africa , as anti - tank artillery .
John E . P . Daingerfield John E . P . Daingerfield served as a clerk at the Harpers Ferry Armory in 1859 during John Brown ’ s raid . Daingerfield received his rank of captain on June 10 , 1861 and transferred to Fayetteville as munitions and equipment were moved to the Fayetteville Arsenal from Harpers Ferry that same year . Maj . John C . Booth , commanding officer at the Fayetteville Arsenal , appointed him military paymaster and storekeeper , prestigious jobs in the Army . Daingerfield served in the 2nd Battalion Local Defense Troops , commonly referred to as the Arsenal Guard . In June 1885 , " The Century " published Captain Daingerfield ' s article " John Brown at Harper ' s Ferry " giving an account of the incident from a prisoner ' s standpoint . In 1873 , Daingerfield moved into a home currently maintained at its original location in Heritage Square with his wife Matilda and their four children . Their son , Elliot Daingerfield became a celebrated painter of North Carolina .
Tom Cecil Noel Lieutenant Tom Cecil Noel , ( 12 December 1897 – 22 August 1918 ) , Military Cross with Bar , was a World War I infantry officer turned aerial observer , notable for winning a Military Cross for bravery on both land and air . In conjunction with his pilots , he was credited with 24 victories over enemy aircraft , consisting of 12 destroyed , 1 captured , 9 and 2 shared ' out of control ' . From Rutland , Noel was attending Eton College before the war broke out . He was commissioned in the 3rd King ' s Own Scottish Borderers before joining the RFC . He then joined Number 20 Squadron Royal Flying Corps flying Bristol F . 2B two - seat fighters . After single victories with Capt . N . V . Harrison and Lt . R . G . Bennett , the next 22 of his 24 victories was as observer / gunner with Captain Dennis Latimer . On 22 August 1918 , Noel was flying with Latimer when they were shot down by " Leutnant " Willi Nebgen of Jagdstaffel 7 . Noel was killed and Latimer was captured . Noel is buried at Zillebeke , Belgium . Military honours . Military Cross ( MC ) . Lt Tom Cecil Noel , K . O . S . B . , Spec . Res . For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty . Previous to laying a forming - up tape for his battalion he reconnoitred the ground under exceptionally difficult circumstances , under heavy hostile fire . Later , he successfully and accurately laid the tape , and throughout the action of the following day led his men with the utmost ability and contempt of danger , setting a splendid example to all . Supplement to the " London Gazette " , 9 January 1918 ( 30466 / 632 ) Military Cross ( MC ) Bar . Lt Tom Cecil Noel , M . C . K . O . S . B . , Spec . Res . , attd . R . A . F . For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty . In four days he and his pilot destroyed seven enemy machines and drove down three out of control . His courage and skill are of the first order , and of inestimable value to his squadron . Supplement to the " London Gazette " , 16 September 1918 ( 30901 / 10899 )
Scott D . Legwold Scott D . Legwold is a Brigadier General in the National Guard of the United States and Director of the Joint Staff of the Wisconsin Army and Air National Guard . Education . Legwold graduated from Eau Claire Memorial High School in Eau Claire , Wisconsin before obtaining a B . A . from the University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire and a M . A . from the University of Wisconsin - Stout . Career . Legwold originally joined the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps in 1979 before transferring to the Wisconsin Army National Guard and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in 1982 . His services have included a tour of duty in the War in Afghanistan . Legwold is a life member of the National Guard Association of the United States and a member of the American Legion . Awards he has received include the Bronze Star Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters , the Army Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal with silver oak leaf cluster , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Afghanistan Campaign Medal with two service stars , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with silver hourglass device and mobilization device , the Army Service Ribbon , the Overseas Service Ribbon , the NATO Medal , the Joint Meritorious Unit Award , the Expert Infantryman Badge , and the Air Assault Badge . Legwold is also a member of the Order of Saint Barbara .
Francis George Miles Francis George Miles ( 9 July 1896 – 8 November 1961 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 22 years old , and a Private in the 1 / 5th Battalion , The Gloucestershire Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 23 October 1918 at Bois - l ' Évêque , Landrecies , France , when his company was held up by a line of enemy machine - guns in a sunken road , Private Miles , alone and on his own initiative went forward under exceptionally heavy fire , located a machine - gun , shot the gunner and put the gun out of action . Then seeing another gun nearby , he again went forward alone , shot the gunner and captured the team of eight . Finally he stood up and beckoned to his company who , acting on his signals , were able to capture 16 machine - guns , one officer and 50 other ranks . He joined up again in World War II serving with the Pioneer Corps .
USS Hector ( AC - 7 ) USS " Hector " ( AC - 7 ) was a collier acquired by the United States Navy prior to World War I . She carried coal to those ships still burning coal to build up steam for their engines , and continued that service until her wrecking and sinking in 1916 . She was the sister of USS Mars ( AC - 6 ) . Built at Sparrows Point , Maryland . " Hector " — the second ship to be so named by the U . S . Navy — was launched on 3 July 1909 by the Maryland Steel Company , Sparrows Point , Maryland ; and commissioned on 22 October 1909 . Service in providing fuel . She was on special service with the Atlantic Fleet from commissioning through 1913 , when she was stationed at Norfolk , Virginia . From there , " Hector " served as a fuel ship , ferrying freight and fuel up the U . S . East Coast and down to the Caribbean , especially Guantánamo Bay and Santo Domingo . Sinking of " Hector " . " Hector " was wrecked off the Atlantic coast on 14 July 1916 and sank three days later .
Operation Sunstar Operation Sunstar was a Second World War raid on Houlgate in Normandy , France over the night of 22 / 23 November 1941 . British Commandos of No . 9 Commando took part in the raid their objective was the Batterie de Tournebride on the " Butte de Houlgate " . Ninety men of No . 9 Commando travelled across the English Channel on the HMS Prince Leopold and landed at the bottom of the Vaches Noires . The ship also transported four Assault Landing Craft which were used for the landing , four Motor Gun Boat s were used to provide cover . The operation encountered difficulties and did not succeed in destroying the battery or taking any prisoners but they did obtain documents and other information .
Franciszek Pokorny Major Franciszek Pokorny was a Polish Army officer who , after World War I , headed the Polish General Staff ' s Cipher Bureau before Major ( eventually , Lt . Col . ) Gwido Langer . Life . When the first German military Enigma - encipher ed messages were broadcast by radio on July 15 , 1928 , the Cipher Bureau ' s German section attempted unsuccessfully to decrypt them . Likely due to the successes of leading Polish mathematicians in breaking Russian ciphers during the Polish - Soviet War ( 1919 – 21 ) , a secret cryptology course was conducted in 1929 at Poznań University for selected mathematics students with a knowledge of the German language . Three participants in the course — Marian Rejewski , Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski — were , three years later , hired by the Cipher Bureau . Pokorny was the third man to lecture in the course , after engineer Antoni Palluth and then - Capt . Maksymilian Ciężki . Franciszek Pokorny was a cousin of the outstanding Austro - Hungarian Army cryptologist during World War I , Hermann Pokorny .
51st Bombardment Squadron ( Light ) The 51st Bombardment Squadron , Light is an inactive squadron of the United States Air Force last based at Birmingham Municipal Airport , Alabama . The squadron served on antisubmarine patrol early in World War II , then as a training unit until it was disbanded in 1944 . The squadron was reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 . It was called to active service in March 1951 for the Korean War and its personnel used as fillers for other units . The 51st was inactivated on 20 March 1951 . History . World War II . The squadron was first activated as the 51st Bombardment Squadron ( Light ) in 1941 . It was one of the four original squadrons of the 46th Bombardment Group . The 51st was equipped with Douglas A - 20 Havoc aircraft at Hunter Field , Georgia . The 51st participated in maneuvers , including desert maneuvers , and flew anti - submarine warfare patrol and search missions over the Gulf of Mexico in early 1942 . It later served as an operational training unit , which involved the use of an oversized parent unit to provide cadres for " satellite groups . " In late 1943 the squadron mission changed to replacement training of individual pilots and aircrew s . Just before disbanding , it began to convert to North American B - 25 Mitchell s . However , the Army Air Forces found that standard military units , based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission . Accordingly a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit . This resulted in the squadron , along with other units at Morris Field , being disbanded and its personnel , equipment and functions transferred to the 333d AAF Base Unit ( Replacement Training Unit , Light Bombardment ) . Air Force Reserve . In 1947 , the squadron was activated in the Air Force Reserve as an element of the 319th Bombardment Group at Mitchel Field , New York . The squadron and group moved to Reading Municipal Airport , Pennsylvania in June 1949 when Continental Air Command ( CONAC ) reorganized its flying units , implementing the wing base organization system , which made them part of the new 319th Bombardment Wing . The squadron was inactivated in the fall of 1949 and replaced by elements of the 512th Troop Carrier Wing , when CONAC decided that Reading would become a troop carrier base . The squadron was reactivated a month later at Birmingham Municipal Airport , Alabama , absorbing resources of the 514th Troop Carrier Wing . At Birmingham , the squadron received at least some Douglas B - 26 Invader aircraft , and trained under the supervision of the 2587th Air Force Reserve Training Center . It does not appear that the unit was fully manned or equipped while part of the reserve . The squadron was ordered to active duty on 10 March 1951 as a result of the Korean War . Its personnel were used as fillers for other units and the squadron was inactivated twelve days later .