naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Violet ( 1897 ) HMS " Violet " was a Doxford three funnel - 30 knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1896 – 1897 Naval Estimates . She was the seventh ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1588 for a 200 ton vessel . Construction . She was laid down on 13 July 1896 at the William Doxford and Sons shipyard at Pallion , Sunderland and launched on 3 May 1897 . During her builder ’ s trials she made her contracted speed requirement . She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in June 1898 . Pre - War . After commissioning she was assigned to the Devonport Flotilla and spent her entire career in Home Waters . On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter ' A ' . Since her design speed was 30 - knots and she had three funnels she was assigned to the C Class . After 30 September 1913 , she was known as an C Class destroyer and had the letter ‘ C ’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel . World War I . August 1914 found her in active commission in the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport tendered to HMS " Leander " . She served there until September 1917 when she was sent to join the local defence flotilla at the Nore . In April 1918 she was reassigned to the 6th Destroyer Flotilla and the Dover Patrol . She remained in this deployment for the duration of the First World War . Her duties included anti - submarine , counter mining patrols and patrolling the Dover Barrage . Disposition . In 1919 she was paid off and laid - up in reserve awaiting disposal . HMS Violet was sold on 7 June 1920 to J Houston of Montrose for breaking . She was not awarded a Battle Honour for her service . References . NOTE : All tabular data under General Characteristics only from the listed Jane ' s Fighting Ships volume unless otherwise specified
A3W reactor The A3W reactor is a naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on warship s . Like all operational U . S . naval reactors it was a pressurized water reactor ( PWR ) design . The A3W designation stands for : The reactor was intended for use aboard USS " John F . Kennedy " . This four - reactor design was intended to reduce the cost involved in the construction and operation , as compared with the " Enterprise " and its eight nuclear reactors . Early in the construction , the United States Secretary of the Navy had the plans changed to save money , and fossil fuel boilers were installed on the Kennedy . Because the plans for the ship did not include a funnel , the funnel on the Kennedy protrudes out from the ship at an angle . The return to nuclear power for carriers came with the " Nimitz " class ' s A4W reactor ' s two reactor per ship design . While the two reactor configuration , with each core providing a much greater thermal output , is relatively less expensive than earlier designs , the power plant still represents about half the total cost of the ship .
Sling ( firearms ) In the context of firearm s , a sling is a type of strap or harness designed to allow a shooter to carry a firearm ( usually a long gun such as a rifle , carbine , shotgun , or submachine gun ) on his / her person and / or aid in greater hit probability with that firearm . Various types of slings offer their own advantages and disadvantages , and can generally be divided into several categories . As a shooting aid . A variation of the single point sling is used in precision target rifle shooting from the prone position . The sling is not intended as a carrying aid , but is used to steady the rifle . For a right - handed shooter , the sling attaches to the top of the left arm , and clips onto the forend of the rifle . The left arm is wrapped under the sling . The sling with upper and lower arm form three sides of a triangle that provide a steady support for the rifle .
XM501 Non - Line - of - Sight Launch System The Non - Line of Sight Launch System ( NLOS - LS ) was a self - contained missile launcher system that was under development by NETFIRES LLC , a partnership between Lockheed Martin and Raytheon . Each Container Launch Unit ( CLU ) holds 15 missiles , and a self - locating networked communications system . CLUs can be linked for coordinated launching , with the missiles fired and controlled remotely via autonomous vertical launch . The weapon is roughly 2 metres tall . The program was cancelled early 2011 . It was being developed for the United States Navy ' s Littoral Combat Ship , but has been criticised for performance issues . The Griffin missile has been recommended for use instead . NLOS - LS was to be used primarily on the United States Army ' s Future Combat Systems before it was canceled . Concept . There were to be two types of missile used with NLOS - LS : the Precision Attack Munition ( PAM ) and the Loitering Attack Munition ( LAM ) . The LAM was originally contracted to Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control , but the contract was terminated after costs rose and tests went poorly . As it stands now , the PAM is the only armament currently being designed for the NLOS - LS . Precision Attack Munition ( PAM ) . Used to attack vehicles , armor , bunker s , and other targets of opportunity . Uses 3 modes of guidance , GPS / INS , semi - active laser homing , and autonomous imaging infrared . Carries a multi - mode warhead effective against several types of targets . It also includes an online library of pictures of targets , so that it can visually identify what it is homing in on . Loitering Attack Munition ( LAM ) . Designed to fly to a preset area and loiter while autonomously seeking out targets . See also . The JUMPER missile system from Israel Aerospace Industries uses a similar concept , but with 8 missiles instead of 15 and without the IR seeker .
Jock Tiffin Arthur Ernest Tiffin OBE ( 11 February 1896 – 27 December 1955 ) , commonly known as Jock Tiffin or A . E . Tiffin , was the third general secretary of the British Transport and General Workers ' Union ( TGWU ) . He served for only a few months in 1955 before his death . Tiffin was born in Carlisle . After leaving Bishop Creighton School , he became a clerk on the London and North Western Railway , he joined the Foot Guards when the First World War broke out , later transferring to the Royal Artillery . He was wounded and invalided home , where army doctors advised him to find a more active occupation than his previous office job in order to improve his health . In 1919 , therefore , he became a bus driver for the London General Omnibus Company . A trade unionist since 1912 , he joined the Transport and General Workers ' Union and rose rapidly through the ranks . In 1930 , he was given the job of organising the workers on the company ' s new Green Line services throughout London and the Home counties and two years later he became a full - time union officer as Outer London Passenger Organiser . In 1940 he became the Area Organiser of Area No . 1 ( London and South East ) . He also served for seven years as chairman of the London Trades Council , struggling in vain against its domination by Communists ( which eventually led to its disbandment by the Trades Union Congress ( TUC ) ) , and for four years as chairman of the London Labour Party . During the Second World War he commanded a Home Guard battalion and was TUC representative on the Territorial Army Advisory Committee . In 1948 , he was appointed assistant general secretary of the TGWU in succession to Harold Clay . In 1949 , he was elected to the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party . He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in 1951 . In 1955 , while elections were underway for his successor , general secretary Arthur Deakin died suddenly and Tiffin took over as acting general secretary . Later that year he was officially elected to the post , beating Charles Brandon , who had previously been his superior as area secretary of Area No . 1 , as well as Frank Cousins , Thomas Hodgson , Harry Nicholas and William Tudor . Three or four months after taking office Tiffin became seriously ill and died after just over six months as general secretary . He was succeeded by Frank Cousins , who had replaced him as assistant general secretary and acted as general secretary during his illness . Tiffin ' s short period of office was troubled by a dock strike and a dispute between the TGWU and the National Amalgamated Stevedores and Dockers .
Toverud Toverud is a farm in Aurskog in the municipality of Aurskog - Høland in Akershus county , Norway and the site of the Battle of Toverud ( " Slaget ved Toverud " ) . During 1908 in connection with the centennial of the battle , the Toverud monument ( " Toverudstøtta " ) was erected at the site of the battle . Battle of Toverud . In February 1808 , Denmark - Norway was forced by Napoleon Bonaparte to declare war on Sweden . On 14 April 1808 a Swedish brigade crossed the border and went west to Aurskog , Norway . After a brief but dramatic battle , Swedish commander ( 1774 - 1852 ) had to surrender . Danish nobleman Christian August of Augustenborg successfully commanded the army of Norway and compelled the numerically superior Swedish forces to withdraw behind the border after the Battle of Toverud on April 19 – 20 , 1808 . One contributory factor behind the poor performance of the Swedish invasion force in Norway was that Russia had invaded Finland on February 21 , 1808 at the start of the Finnish War . The two - front war proved disastrous for Sweden . The success of Christian August both as a military commander at Toverud and in the subsequent battle on June 10 , 1808 at in Østfold , and as leader of the provisional government made him very popular in Norway . In 1808 Christian August was promoted to Field Marshal , and in 1809 he became Governor - general of Norway . Prince Christian August was also held in high esteem within Sweden because he had refrained from pursuing the retreating army of Sweden while that country was hard pressed by Russia in the Finnish War . Consequently Christian August was elected Crown Prince of Sweden as successor to the Swedish throne after the overthrow of the incompetent King Gustav IV Adolf .
Ares Shrike 5 . 56 The Ares Defense Shrike 5 . 56 is an air - cooled , dual - feed weapon that fires the 5 . 56x45mm NATO cartridge . The Shrike 5 . 56 can be supplied as a complete weapon , or as an upper receiver “ performance upgrade kit ” to existing M16 - type service rifles and carbines . Overview . The Shrike 5 . 56 has gas - piston operation , a quick - change barrel with fixed headspace and MIL - STD - 1913 rail interface for the mounting of accessories . It can fire from standard 30 - round M16 magazines , 100 - round Beta C - Mag drum magazines , and M27 - linked SAW ammunition from 100 - round or 200 - round “ soft - pouches ” and 200 - round hard plastic SAW ammunition containers . At 7 . 5 lbs complete weapon weight , the Shrike 5 . 56 is lighter than other squad automatic weapons , such as the M249 light machine gun and Heckler & Koch MG4 . Variants . The Shrike production model has recently emerged from development . There exist some notable differences between the current model and the older prototypes . EXP - 1 : The initial proof - of - concept prototype . It features a modified M249 handguard , a unique firing mechanism and a quick - detach barrel latch derived from the Stoner 63 . EXP - 2 : This improved prototype featured a new Picatinny rail handguard , an improved firing mechanism using some M16 components , and a new barrel latch similar to that of the M60 machine gun . 03A : The production model . It has a compact side - mounted gas system different from the previous prototypes , and its firing mechanism is also significantly modified . Early production runs had a circular handguard . More recent production Shrikes have a Picatinny rail handguard . The barrel latch and some other components are similar to the EXP - 1 . ARES - 16SPW receiver : This receiver was designed by Ares specifically for the Shrike system . It is identical to the mil - spec M16 receiver , except its magazine well is cut away to save space . Shrikes mounted on this receiver can only use M249 box magazines with linked ammo , but they have a smaller vertical profile . Ares AAR : Lightweight Infantry Automatic Rifle for squad support . Features quick - change barrel , telescoping stock , MIL - STD - 1913 optics mount and rail interface handguard with USMC Grip - Pod system . Feeds from 30 - and 100 - round magazines and can be user - configured to dual - feed ( belt and magazine ) in minutes with optional belt - feed module . Ares AAR / C : Ultra - Compact Infantry Automatic Rifle for squad support . Features quick - change barrel , side - folding stock , MIL - STD - 1913 optics mount and rail interface handguard . Feeds from 30 and 100 round magazines . Compact design maximizes portability and dismounted maneuverability . This production variant can be fitted with multiple Picatinny rail s . These enable it to mount various commercial scope s , flashlights , lasers , and even secondary underbarrel weapons such as grenade launcher s and shotgun s .
Battle of Araure The Battle of Araure was a battle fought during the short - lived reign of the Second Republic of Venezuela on December 5 , 1813 , in the city of Araure in Portuguesa State , Venezuela . Simon Bolivar ' s force defeated General Domingo de Monteverde to whom he was forced to surrender to the year before in July at the Siege of Puerto Cabello . The battle . The actual battle began early in the morning of December 5 and lasted for around six hours . It was clear that the royalist troops were numerically superior to the Venezuelan patriots . The royalists had a total of 3 , 500 to 5 , 000 ( depending upon the source ) soldiers under the command of José Ceballos while the patriots had an unknown number of troops under Bolívar ' s command . Despite the superiority of the royalists , the patriots would go on to win the battle , and Bolivar would later tell his troops : Your valor has earned yesterday a name for your corps , and through the midst of the fighting , when I saw you succeed , I named you the Victorious Battalion of Araure . You removed the enemy ' s flags in the moment of your victory ; you have earned the famous , invincible call of Numantia . References . Bolivar ' s words after the Battle ( " in Spanish " ) Commanders and Event Date Size of the Spanish Force ( 1 ) Size of the Venezuelan and Spanish Force ( 2 )
Ernst Böhm Ernst Friedrich Emil Böhm ( 23 February 1916 – 2 April 1987 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Ernst Böhm was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in 1946 .
Blunts Point Battery Blunts Point Battery , also known as Blunts Point Naval Gun or Matautu Ridge Gun Site is a gun battery on Matautu Ridge near Pago Pago , American Samoa . It was part of the fortification of the Samoan Islands which took place after the attack on Pearl Harbor . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987 . It has recently been restored and is in good condition . It is a rare example of a World War II Pacific coastal gun which remains in relatively pristine condition .
French ship Républicain Six ships of the French Navy have born the name Républicain ( " Revolutionary " ) : Five ship of the French Navy have born the name Républicaine ( " Revolutionary " ) : Two ships of the French Navy have born the name République française : The frigate " Hermione " was started as " République italienne "
Josef - Franz Eckinger Dr . Josef - Franz Eckinger ( 17 December 1904 – 17 October 1941 ) was a German officer during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Eckinger was killed on 17 October 1941 near Mednoye at the Volga River .
Battle of Rastan ( 2011 ) A battle for control of Rastan , a city of 60 , 000 residents in Homs Governorate , Syria , occurred from 27 September to 1 October 2011 . In late September , there were reports of numerous Syrian Army defections in the area , following which the Free Syrian Army took control of Rastan . After a four - day battle , the city was retaken by the Syrian Army . Background . On 28 May 2011 , after major protests , the Syrian Army launched an operation in Rastan and the neighboring town of Talbiseh , which resulted in the suppression of anti - government protests and numerous deaths . The Syrian Army met some armed opposition during the operation , but had gained control of the city by 4 June . Battle . In late September , there were reports of many Syrian Army defections in Rastan , and the Free Syrian Army claimed to have destroyed 17 armoured vehicles during clashes in the city , using RPGs and booby traps . The assault was also , the opposition claimed , to have been supported by Syrian Air Force jets . On 1 October , the Syrian Army took control of Rastan , killing 120 civilians and opposition forces according to opposition sources and arresting 3 , 000 suspected opposition members . Aftermath . Insurgent activity continued in the area for months after the major clashes ended . On 24 November , the military conducted an operation in Rastan , during which they killed 16 gunmen and captured a large cache of weapons . On 1 February 2012 , the FSA and opposition activists reported that the FSA had gained full control of Rastan after four days of intense clashes . Photos were posted on the internet showing FSA fighters in the streets of Rastan , standing guard .
Harrison Jeffords Harrison Jeffords ( August 21 , 1834 – July 3 , 1863 ) was the colonel of the 4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War . He was noted for his heroism on July 2 , 1863 during the Battle of Gettysburg , in which he gave his life while protecting the United States flag . Jeffords was born in Michigan and educated in the common schools . A practicing lawyer during the outbreak of the Civil War , he enlisted in the 4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry and became captain of Company C . He later rose to the command of the regiment as its colonel . He saw action in several of the major battles in the Eastern Theater while serving in the Army of the Potomac . While Colonel Jeffords was back in Michigan on a recruiting trip , the ladies of Monroe , Michigan , presented him with a new national flag to replace the regiment ' s original flag , which had been badly damaged in recent battles . Jeffords stated that he would defend the flag with his life . During the second day at Gettysburg , the color - bearer of the regiment dropped this flag , and Jeffords advanced to retrieve it . He is said to have shot a Confederate soldier who had seized the flag and grasped the banner himself . In the ensuing melee , Jeffords received a gunshot wound to the thigh and was bayonetted by a Confederate soldier in the left abdomen , mortally wounding the 26 - year - old officer . Meanwhile , other soldiers of the Fourth Michigan , including Lt . Michael Vreeland , rushed to his aid and reportedly carried both the flag and their fallen commander out of the Wheatfield . As his life slowly drained away , his final words were said to be " Mother , mother , mother . " He died at 4 AM the next day , July 3 , 1863 . Jeffords became the highest commissioned officer in the Civil War to die of a bayonet wound . His body was sent home to Dexter , Michigan , after the battle , where approximately 2000 people attended the funeral of its beloved hero . He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Dexter . After the war , the regiment erected its monument on the battlefield near the point at which the colonel fell . Despite popular belief , the monument ' s image of the color - bearer is not a representation of Colonel Harrison Herbert Jeffords . Besides lacking Colonel Jefford ' s ever - present " goatee " styled beard , the soldier depicted does not have on the Colonel ' s uniform , but is actually outfitted according to post war army regulation . However , there is a verse inscribed in dedication to the Fourth Michigan ' s fallen leader , on the opposite side of the monument .
Operation Underworld Operation Underworld was the United States government ' s code name for the cooperation of organized crime figures from 1942 to 1945 to counter Axis spies and saboteurs along the U . S . northeastern seaboard ports , avoid wartime labor union strikes , and limit theft by black - marketeers of vital war supplies and equipment . In the first three months after the Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the U . S . lost 120 merchant ships to German U - boats and surface raiders in the Battle of the North Atlantic and in February 1942 the cruise ship " SS Normandie " – a captured French ship that was being refitted as a troop ship in New York harbor – was allegedly sabotaged and sunk by arson in the Port of New York . The Mafia boss Albert Anastasia claimed responsibility for the sabotage . After the war , Axis records showed no sabotage operation had existed and no evidence has ever been produced on the Allied side to indicate there had been underworld sabotage . The loss of the " Normandie " was almost certainly an accident . Nevertheless , fears about possible sabotage or disruption of the waterfront led Commander Charles R . Haffenden of the U . S . Navy Office of Naval Intelligence ( ONI ) Third Naval District in New York to set up a special security unit . He sought the help of Joseph Lanza , who ran the Fulton Fish Market , to get intelligence about the New York waterfront , control the labor unions , and identify possible refueling and resupply operations for German submarines with the help fishing industry along the Atlantic Coast . To cover Lanza ’ s activities , he suggested to approach Charles Luciano who was an important boss of the five New York Mafia crime families . Luciano agreed to cooperate with authorities in hopes of consideration for early release from prison . Luciano was in Dannemora at the time , serving a 30 to 50 year sentence for running a prostitution ring . For his cooperation he was moved to a more convenient and comfortable open prison in Great Meadows in May 1942 . Luciano ’ s influence in stopping sabotage remains unclear , but authorities did note that strikes on the docks stopped after Luciano ’ s attorney Moses Polakoff contacted underworld figures with influence over the longshoremen and their unions . In 1946 Luciano ' s sentence was commuted – after serving 9½ years – and he was deported to his native Italy .