naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Ontario ( 1780 ) HMS " Ontario " was a British warship that sank in a storm in Lake Ontario on October 31 , 1780 , during the American Revolutionary War . She was a 22 - gun snow , and , at in length , the largest British warship on the Great Lakes at the time . The shipwreck was discovered in 2008 by Jim Kennard and Dan Scoville . The " Ontario " was found largely intact and very well preserved in the cold water . Scoville and Kennard assert that " the 80 - foot sloop of war is the oldest shipwreck and the only fully intact British warship ever found in the Great Lakes . " History . The " Ontario " was built in 1780 on Carleton Island , a major base in the $ 3 for the British during the Revolutionary War , but now part of New York . She was operated by the Royal Navy for the Provincial Marine in the capacity of an armed transport . At the time , the " Ontario " was the largest British warship to sail on the Great Lakes . She was launched just five months before she sank , and was used to ferry troops , supplies and prisoners from one remote part of New York to another . She never saw battle . Sinking . The " Ontario " sank in a storm on October 31 , 1780 while underway from Fort Niagara to Oswego . Approximately 130 men perished with ship , comprising 60 British soldiers of the 34th ( Cumberland ) Regiment of Foot , a crew of about 40 Canadians and possibly up to 30 American prisoners of war . News of the sinking of the " Ontario " was kept quiet for a number of years to hide the military loss . Search and discovery . Sophisticated side - scan sonar technology was used in the search of HMS " Ontario " in late May 2008 . A promising wreck was found between Niagara and Rochester , NY in an area of Lake Ontario where the depth exceeds . The sonar imagery clearly showed a large sailing ship resting upright at an angle , with two masts reaching up at least above the bottom of the lake . The high resolution images showed the remains of two crow ' s nest s on each mast , strongly suggesting that the sunken vessel was the brig - sloop " Ontario " . Due to the depth limitations for diving on this shipwreck , a remotely operated underwater vehicle was deployed and confirmed the identity of the ship in early June 2008 . Kennard and Scoville believe that the cold , fresh water of Lake Ontario , combined with a lack of light and oxygen , have slowed decomposition and account for the ship being found largely intact , despite being on the bottom for 230 years . The shipwreck ' s discoverers have notified the New York State Office of Historic Preservation , however the exact location of the wreck has not been publicly disclosed . The wreck is technically still considered property of the British Admiralty and as such , will be treated as a war grave .
Battle of Soissons ( 486 ) The Battle of Soissons was fought in 486 between Frankish forces under Clovis I and the Gallo - Roman domain of Soissons under Syagrius . The battle was a victory for the Franks , and led to the conquest of the Roman rump state of Soissons , a milestone for the Franks in their attempt to establish themselves as a major regional power . In the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire between 476 and 480 , Syagrius was the only remaining representative of Roman rule in the area between the Loire and the Somme . Syagrius was the son of Aegidius , the last Roman " magister militum per Gallias " ; he preserved his father ' s rump state , the Domain of Soissons , between the Somme and the Loire , calling himself dux . The central location of Soissons in northern Gaul and its largely intact infrastructure allowed a level of stability in the years of the Migration Period , but also made the area tempting for their Frankish neighbours to the north - east . The realm of Syagrius was of almost the same size as the Frankish area , though the Franks were divided into small kingdoms , and , on the right bank of the Rhine , little touched by Roman culture . Nevertheless , Clovis I managed to assemble enough Franks to confront Syagrius ' s forces . Clovis issued a challenge to Syagrius naming the time and place of the battle . Gregory of Tours mentions that one Chararic had brought his forces to the battlefield but then stood aloof , hoping to ally with the winner . Gregory of Tours . History of the Franks book 2 chapter 41 . http : / / www . northvegr . org / lore / frank / 021 . php < / ref > The ensuing battle was a decisive victory for Clovis and his Franks . Syagrius fled to the Visigoths ( under Alaric II ) , but Clovis threatened war and the Visigoths handed Syagrius over for execution . Consequently the realm of the Franks almost doubled in size ; its border was now on the Loire adjacent to the realm of the Visigoths , who were finally routed at the Battle of Vouillé in 507 and forced to retreat south of the Pyrenées . In due course Clovis marched against Chararic , captured him and his sons , and forced them to accept ordination and tonsure s as deacons . On report of their hope to regain power , he had them executed .
Nathaniel H . Harris Nathaniel Harrison Harris ( August 22 , 1834 - August 23 , 1900 ) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War . Early life . Nathaniel Harrison Harris was born on August 22 , 1834 at Natchez , Mississippi . Harris graduated from the University of Louisiana ( now Tulane University ) Law School and practiced law in Vicksburg , Mississippi . He never married . American Civil War . In early 1861 , Harris organized a Mississippi militia company called the " Warren Rifles " and was captain of the company on April 25 , 1861 . On June 1 , 1861 , the company became Company C of the 19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment . The regiment soon was sent to Virginia , but did not engage in the First Battle of Bull Run or other significant action until the Battle of Williamsburg in the Peninsula Campaign . Harris was promoted to major on March 5 , 1862 . His regiment went on to fight in the Battle of Seven Pines and the Seven Days Battles . Harris was wounded at Williamsburg on May 5 , 1862 , at the Battle of Glendale ( Frayser ' s Farm ) on June 30 , 1862 and the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30 , 1862 . After the Antietam Campaign , Harris was promoted to lieutenant colonel . Harris was promoted to colonel and assumed command of the regiment on April 2 , 1863 . He led the regiment at the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg . Harris assumed command of Brigadier General Carnot Posey ' s brigade after Posey was mortally wounded at the Battle of Bristoe Station . Harris was promoted to brigadier general on January 20 , 1864 . His brigade was assigned to R . H . Anderson ' s division , then William Mahone ' s division in III Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia . Harris ' s brigade delivered a powerful counterattack in the " Mule Shoe " salient at the Battle of Spotsylvania . He performed distinguished service during the Siege of Petersburg . At the Battle of Globe Tavern , August 21 , 1864 , over half of Harris ' s brigade were casualties . In late 1864 and early 1865 , Harris ' s brigade fought along the Weldon Railroad . Harris again was especially distinguished at the Battles of Fort Gregg and Whitworth at the end of the siege . In March 1865 , Harris commanded the inner defenses of Richmond , Virginia . Harris was paroled at Appomattox , Virginia on April 9 , 1865 , where he was in command of Mahone ' s division and was pardoned on October 19 , 1865 . Aftermath . After the war , Harris resumed his law practice at Vicksburg , Mississippi . He became president of the reorganized Mississippi Valley and Ship Island Railroad . For a time , he was register of the U . S . Land Office in Aberdeen , South Dakota . In 1890 , Harris moved to California where he became a successful businessman in partnership with mining engineer , John Hays Hammond . Nathaniel Harrison Harris died August 23 , 1900 in Malvern , Worcestershire , England while on a business trip . As he requested , his remains were cremated . The remains were buried at the Green Wood Cemetery , Brooklyn , New York . See also . List of American Civil War Generals ( Confederate )
Robert Witchitz Robert Witchitz ( 5 August 1924 , Abscon - 21 February 1944 , Mont Valérien ) was a volunteer soldier in the French liberation force FTP - MOI in the group of Missak Manouchian . Biography . Youth . Witchitz was born on 5 August in Abscon , in the Nord department , to a miner of Polish origin and a French woman . He was brought up by his grandparents , staying in his village of birth until the age of five , then moving to the Paris region where he attended a secular school . Second World War . At the beginning of the war , Witchitz ' father was mobilised , and Witchitz became a telegrapher . Witchitz ' father was taken prisoner but released on grounds of his service in the first world war . Robert was dismissed , and had to make runs by bicycle for a distillery , all while fighting for the " Jeunesse communiste " ( communist youth ) , in Ivry - sur - Seine . Witchitz was assigned to the management of the " Service du travail obligatoire " to work in Germany . Unbeknownst to his parents , he joined the FTP - MOI in February 1943 . Each time he heard from the press or elsewhere of the death of a German or a collaborator , he rejoiced and remarked to his father that there were still men , and good Frenchmen . One morning at about 5am while Witchitz was at home , the police announced themselves outside . His parents recalled with anguish how he tried in vain to escape through the window . He asked his parents to let the officers in . When they saw him , they said " Is it you , Robert ? You have two or three hours to get lost ! " . From then on , Witchitz ' parents understood the kind of activity that their son was involved in . On 12 October 1943 , Witchitz was arrested after an operation against a German money transport . He forewarned his parents in a letter where he accused himself of having done something crazy , in order not to incriminate his fellows . He stayed in prison for exactly 100 days ; his parents , though making frequent requests , were not authorised to visit him . Witchitz was handed over with his comrades to the tribunal ( the " procès des 23 " ) , and sentenced to death . Witchitz ' parents eventually did not receive authorization to visit him until the day after he had been shot at Mont Valérien on 21 February 1944 with 23 members of the Affiche Rouge . His body was laid in the square of the fallen in the Ivry - sur - Seine cemetery . Later , in accordance with his mother ' s wishes , it was moved to the family tomb . In the short period of time during which he was active in the resistance , Robert took part in 13 operations . Witchitz ' name appeared on the German Affiche Rouge propaganda poster , with the caption : " " Witchitz , Juif polonais , 15 attentats " " . Nonetheless it is unclear whether Witchitz was either Jewish or Polish .
Ambassel Ambassel is one of the woreda s of the Amhara Region in Ethiopia , and an " amba " , or mountain fortress , located in the woreda ; the woreda is named for this feature . Located in the Debub Wollo Zone , Ambassel woreda is bordered on the west by the Bashilo which separates it from Tenta , on the north by the Semien Wollo Zone , on the southeast by the Mille River which separates it from Tehuledere , and on the south by Kutaber ; the Walano , a tributary of the Bashilo , defines most of its southern border . Its largest town is Wuchale . Elevations in this woreda range from 1200 to 3200 meters above sea level ; the divide between the drainage areas of the Nile and the Awash runs through the middle of Ambassel . Rivers include the Waha Titu . Notable landmarks include Amba Geshen , where the medieval Emperors of Ethiopia would confine their male relatives to keep them from threatening his power . Ambassel has proven deposits of coal near Wuchale , which were exploited during the Italian occupation . History . The feudal family that historically held the fortress of Ambassel and the surrounding woreda is one of the most noble in Ethiopian history , though they never ruled any larger realm than their own district . The male members of the family holding the fortress were traditionally the sole bearers of the title of Jantirar . Empress Menen Asfaw , consort of Emperor Haile Selassie , was a daughter of Jantirar Asfaw of Ambassel . Demographics . Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia ( CSA ) , this woreda has a total population of 121 , 899 , an increase of 9 . 65 % over the 1994 census , of whom 61 , 290 are men and 60 , 609 women ; 5 , 882 or 4 . 83 % are urban inhabitants . With an area of 882 . 24 square kilometers , Amba Sel has a population density of 138 . 17 , which is less than the Zone average of 147 . 58 persons per square kilometer . A total of 29 , 390 households were counted in this woreda , resulting in an average of 4 . 15 persons to a household , and 28 , 407 housing units . The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity , with 73 . 47 % reporting that as their religion , while 26 . 19 % of the population were Muslim . The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 111 , 172 in 24 , 610 households , of whom 55 , 074 were men and 56 , 098 were women ; 3 , 934 or 3 . 54 % of its population were urban dwellers . The largest ethnic group reported in Ambassel was the Amhara ( 99 . 91 % ) . Amharic was spoken as a first language by 99 . 92 % . The majority of the inhabitants professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity , with 73 . 92 % having reported they practiced that belief , while 25 . 85 % of the population said they were Muslim .
French ship Royal Louis ( 1668 ) The Royal Louis was a first - rate ship of the line of the French Royal Navy . She was constructed at Toulon between 1666 and 1670 under the direction of Rodolphe Gédéon and served as flagship of the French fleet in the Mediterranean . She was sold in 1694 . On his visit to Toulon in 1683 , the English naval engineer Edmund Dummer described the " Royal Louis " as " " a great ship and glorious in her first carving , no doubt ; but to my judgment not of good proportion , nor good workmanship , her figure under water I know not , nor is that above to be admired " " .
RML 8 inch 9 ton gun The British RML 8 inch 9 ton guns Mark I - Mark III were medium rifled muzzle - loading guns used to arm smaller ironclad warships and coast defence batteries in the later 19th century . Design . In common with other Royal Ordnance RML designs of the 1860s , Mark I used the strong but expensive Armstrong system of a steel tube surrounded by a complex system of multiple wrought - iron coils , which was progressively simplified in Marks II and III to reduce costs : Mark III consisted only of A tube , B tube , breech coil and cascabel screw . Rifling was of the " Woolwich " pattern of a small number of broad shallow grooves : 4 grooves with twist increasing from 0 to 1 turn in 40 calibres ( i . e . in 320 inches ) at the muzzle .
Intelligence cycle The traditional Intelligence cycle is the fundamental cycle of intelligence processing in a civilian or military intelligence agency or in law enforcement as a closed path consisting of repeating nodes . The stages of the intelligence cycle include the issuance of requirements by decision makers , collection , processing , analysis , and publication of intelligence . The circuit is completed when decision makers provide feedback and revised requirements . The intelligence cycle is also called the Intelligence Process by the U . S . Department of Defense ( DoD ) and the uniformed services . Conceptual model . Direction . Intelligence requirement s are determined by a decision maker to meet his / her objectives . In the Federal government of the United States , requirements can be issued from the White House or the Congress . In NATO , a commander uses requirements ( sometimes called ' Essential Elements of Intelligence ( EEIs ) ) to initiate the intelligence cycle . Collection . In response to requirements , an intelligence staff develops an intelligence collection plan applying available sources and methods and seeking intelligence from other agencies . Depending on the organization and its access , sources may include HUMINT ( human intelligence ) , IMINT ( imagery intelligence ) , ELINT ( electronic intelligence ) , SIGINT ( Signals Intelligence ) , OSINT ( open source , or publicly available intelligence ) , etc . Processing . Once the collection plan is executed and information arrives , it is processed for exploitation . This involves the translation of raw intelligence materials from a foreign language , evaluation of relevance and reliability , and collation of the raw intelligence in preparation for exploitation . Analysis . Analysis establishes the significance and implications of processed intelligence , integrates it by combining disparate pieces of information to identify collateral information and patterns , then interprets the significance of any newly developed knowledge . Dissemination . Finished intelligence products take many forms depending on the needs of the decision maker and reporting requirements . The level of urgency of various types of intelligence is typically established by an intelligence organization or community . An indications and warning ( I & W ) bulletin would require higher precedence than an annual report , for example . Feedback . The intelligence cycle is a closed loop ; feedback is received from the decision maker and revised requirements issued .
Fred Loft Frederick Ogilvie Loft ( February 3 , 1861 – 1934 , Mohawk name Onondeyoh , also known as F . O . Loft or Fred O . Loft ) was a Mohawk nation activist who founded the League of Indians of Canada . He has been counted among " the great Indian activists of the first half of the twentieth century . " He was also a World War I veteran and active in encouraging recruitment . He stood nearly tall and weighed .
Slot Heemstede Slot Heemstede is the site of the old castle of Heemstede . The property is situated at the site of the former castle ' Heerlijkheid Heemstede ' , or ' Huis te Heemstede ' , at a strategic position on mouth of the Spaarne river on the Haarlem lake ( since 1853 pumped dry and called the Haarlemmermeer polder ) . History . The castle was first built in 1280 by Dirk van Hoylede from the region of Vlaardingen . Built , burned and rebuilt over the centuries , it was last torn down in 1810 , after years of neglect . The monumental gatekeeper ' s house ' Nederhuys ' , built in 1630 remains intact as well as the foundations from the Middle Ages . Adrian Pauw . The most famous owner of the castle was Adrian Pauw , who bought it in 1620 . He played a role in the Treaty of Munster , and built the bridge Pons Pacis to commemorate the peace treaty .
USS Illinois ( SSN - 786 ) USS " Illinois " ( SSN - 786 ) , will be a . The contract to build her was awarded to Huntington Ingalls Industries in partnership with the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics in Newport News , Virginia on 22 December 2008 . This ship is the third of the Block III subs which will feature a revised bow , including some technology from SSGNs .
USS Nitze ( DDG - 94 ) USS " Nitze " ( DDG - 94 ) is an " Arleigh Burke " - class destroyer . She is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Paul Nitze , who served as Secretary of the Navy under president Lyndon B . Johnson and as chief arms control adviser in the administration of president Ronald Reagan . Overview . The contract to build her was awarded to Bath Iron Works Corporation in Bath , Maine on 6 March 1998 and her keel was laid down on 20 September 2002 . She was launched on 3 April 2004 sponsored by Elisabeth Porter , Nitze ' s wife . Nitze , 97 years old , was present at the christening , thus adding the destroyer to the rapidly growing list of military vessels named after living Americans ( although Nitze died 6½ months later ) . Nitze was commissioned on 5 March 2005 , with CDR Michael A . Hegarty in command . While in command , Hegarty saw port visits in NYC for Fleet Week , Mobile , AL for Mardi Gras , and several other high visibility ports . The current CO is CDR John Bub . The XO is CDR Michelle Nakamura . The ship is known as the " Cold Warriors " in reference to Paul Nitze ' s involvement in shaping US Cold War policy . Nitze , homeported in Norfolk , VA , went on its maiden deployment in January 2007 as part of the Bataan Expeditionary Strike Group , returning home on 3 July 2007 . On 12 September 2008 , " Nitze " departed Norfolk for a seven - month deployment with Carrier Strike Group Two , led by , returning on 18 April 2009 . In October 2009 , Nitze was open to the public for tours in downtown Norfolk as part of the Navy Fleet Week celebration . She was moored at the Nauticus Museum and Half Moone Cruise terminal . From 1 – 5 July 2011 , Nitze was docked in Eastport , Maine , for 4 July Celebration . From 12 March to 4 November 2012 , Nitze completed her third successful deployment to the 5th Fleet Area of Responsibility with the USS Enterprise ( CVN - 65 ) Battlegroup ( CCSG 12 ) .
Hostage Rescue Force Hostage Rescue Force is the elite Egyptian police unit responsible for both hostage rescue situations & counter - terrorism operations within the Egyptian territory . The HRF was established in 1978 with help from William Francis Buckley ( May 30 , 1928 - June 3 , 1985 ) after the failed raid by Egyptian military commandos ' Green Berets on Cyprus ' Larnaca International Airport . The failure was due to the lack of coordination with Cypriot authorities , and the unsuitable gear the commandos used , who were not properly trained for specific counter - terrorism operations at that time . A board of inquiry concluded that there was a need for a professional , specialized force for such operations . Therefore , Egypt established two elite units : Unit 777 an army unit commanded by the Ministry of Defense ( Egypt ) for international operations ; and HRF a police unit commanded by the Ministry of Interior for domestic operations . The HRF operated – successfully – throughout most of its urban & rural operations since the early Eighties , and its role was nationally recognized during the black era of Terrorism which struck the country during the Nineties of the last century . The first international appearance of the Unit 777 was the rescue operation in Malta 1985 , when an Egypt Air Boeing 737 - 200 flight no . 648 with 98 passengers and crew on board was hijacked . Landing in Luqa airport for refueling , the Maltese government refused the hijackers ' request and went through negotiations . After ( 13 ) persons being released and ( 5 ) hostages were executed by the ( 4 ) terrorists , Unit 777 was cleared to storm the plane . Dramatically , ( 3 ) terrorists , ( 56 ) passengers and crew members were killed due to a series of fatal mistakes . For the truth , Unit 777 was not to be blamed alone for such severe loss . Some reports mentioned that Unit 777 Task Force took part – in cooperation with both the German & Italian counterparts - in the operation in Chad desert to rescue the ( 19 ) Egyptian and European hostages kidnapped from the Egyptian South - western Desert , during a Safari trip in September 2008 . It is reported that both the HRF and Unit 777 cooperates and conducts regular joint training with international equivalent elite counterpart units such as the German GSG 9 , the French GIGN , and the British SAS .