naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Elihu H . Mason Elihu Harlam Mason ( March 23 , 1831 – September 24 , 1896 ) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in the Great Locomotive Chase . Biography . Mason joined the Army from Pemberville , Ohio in April 1861 , and by April 1862 was serving as a sergeant in Company K of the 21st Ohio Infantry . During that month , he volunteered for a raid into Confederate territory to disrupt rail transport in Georgia . The mission failed , and all of the raiders were captured . In June , eight of the men , including the raid leader , James J . Andrews , were executed as spies . The remaining raiders , including Mason , made an escape from the Confederate prison on October 16 , 1862 . Very ill at the time , Mason was unable to keep up with the other soldiers and , at his own urging , was eventually left behind and recaptured by the Confederates . He and five other recaptured raiders were released in a prisoner exchange the next year , on March 18 . For his actions during the mission , he was awarded the newly created Medal of Honor one week after being exchanged , on March 25 , 1863 . He was the fourth person ever to receive the medal . Mason later became a commissioned officer and reached the rank of captain . He fought in the Battle of Chickamauga where he was again captured by the Confederates . He was paroled in December 1864 , and discharged in May 1865 . After the war , Mason returned to Pemberville , Ohio . He died at age 65 and was buried at Pemberville Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Mason ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : One of the 19 of 22 men ( including 2 civilians ) who , by direction of Gen . Mitchell ( or Buell ) , penetrated nearly 200 miles south into enemy territory and captured a railroad train at Big Shanty , Ga . , in an attempt to destroy the bridges and track between Chattanooga and Atlanta .
Thomas L . Baptiste Thomas L . Baptiste entered the United States Air Force in 1973 . He has held various leadership positions , and has commanded a fighter squadron , operations group and the Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center , Cheyenne Mountain Air Station , Colo . In 1973 he earned a Bachelor of science degree in business administration - finance , from California State University , Chico .
Rokkaku Yoshisuke ( died 1612 ) was the son of Rokkaku Yoshikata ; and , after 1562 , he took responsibility for administration in his father ' s Namazue domain in Japan ' s Ōmi Province . During the Sengoku period , Japan ' s social and legal culture evolved in ways unrelated to the well - known history of serial battles and armed skirmishes . A number of forward - looking daimyos independently promulgated codes of conduct to be applied within a specific han or domain . Few examples of these daimyo - made law codes have survived , but the legal framework contrived by the Rokkaku clan remains amongst the small number of documents which can still be studied In 1567 , the " Rokkaku - shi shikimoku " is promulgated . In 1572 , Namazue was besieged and defeated by the forces of Oda Nobunaga , led by Shibata Katsuie . The series of defeat in the late 1560s and early 1570s signaled the end of the Rokkaku clan ' s independence . The Rokkaku became vassals of Oda Nobunaga . Yoshisuke later served one of Nobunaga ' s former generals , Tokugawa Ieyasu . During the Edo period , his descendants were ranked amongst the kōke .
Stratonice of Pontus Stratonice of Pontus ( flourished 1st century BC ) was a Greek woman from the Kingdom of Pontus who one of the mistresses and the fourth wife of King Mithridates VI of Pontus . Stratonice was a citizen of the Pontian city of Kabeira . She was originally a woman of mean birth and was the daughter of a Harp ist . Stratonice was a harpist in the court of Mithridates VI . She became one of the mistresses to the King and eventually Mithridates VI married her as one of his wives after 86 BC . Stratonice bore Mithridates , a son called Xiphares . Stratonice became one of the favorite wives of the King and had obtained much influence over him . When Mithridates VI was compelled to undertake his perilous retreat to the Black Sea , Mithridates VI left Stratonice in charge of a strong fortress , at Coenum in which he had deposited a large amount of treasure . Stratonice was induced to betray both the fortress and the fortress ’ treasures into the hands of the Roman General Pompey , on the condition that Pompey should spare the life of her son . However Mithridates VI punished her for her treason by putting their son to death before her eyes . She died by 63 BC , when the Kingdom of Pontus was annexed by the Roman General Pompey .
Globe Tavern Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Globe Tavern ( August 18 – 21 , 1864 ) of the American Civil War . Order of battle compiled from the casualty returns . Army of the Potomac . V Corps . MG Gouverneur K . Warren Escort : Lt John C . Paul Provost Guard : Maj Henry W . Rider Ambulance Train : Cpt William F . Drum
Focale The focale ( plural " focalia " ) , also known as a sudarium ( " sweat cloth " ) , was a woolen or linen scarf worn by ancient Roman military personnel . It protected the neck from chafing by the armor . The " focale " is depicted widely in military scenes from Roman art , such as the relief sculpture on the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum and Trajan ' s Column . It is shown loosely knotted in the front , but is sometimes visible with the ends tucked inside the cuirass , In Latin literature , " focale " is a general word for a scarf or wrapping for the throat . A " focale " was one of the gifts that might be given for the December festival of Saturnalia , according to Martial . In one of his satires , Horace lists " focalia " among the " badges of illness " " ( insignia morbi ) " . In describing the correct attire for public speaking , Quintilian advises against wearing a " focale " , unless required by poor health . Although a " sudarium " often is used as a handkerchief , it can be worn like the " focale " as a neckerchief . When Suetonius describes the overly casual attire of Nero , the emperor is barefoot , unbelted , and dressed in evening wear " ( synthesis ) " , with a " sudarium " around his neck . In late antiquity , " orarium " ( Greek " orarion " ) might be synonymous with " focale " , as in the description of military attire in the " Vision of Dorotheus " , and in a papyrus ( dated 350 – 450 AD ) listing military clothes . The " focale " is sometimes seen as one of the precursors of the necktie . Cesare Vecellio ( 1530 – 1606 ) mentions the " focale " , calling it a " cravata " ( cravat ) , as worn by Roman soldiers in his book on the history of fashion . It has been compared to the " amice " " ( amictus ) " worn by Roman Catholic priests , which is depicted from the 6th century onward , as in the Ravenna mosaics .
Carlist Wars The Carlist Wars were a series of civil war s that took place in Spain during the 19th century . The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne , although some political differences also existed . Indeed , several times during the period from 1833 to 1876 the Carlists — followers of Infante Carlos ( later Carlos V ) and his descendants — rallied to the cry of " God , Country , and King " and fought for the cause of Spanish tradition ( Legitimism and Catholicism ) against liberalism , and later the republicanism , of the Spanish governments of the day . The Carlist Wars had a strong regional component ( Basque region , Catalonia , etc . ) , given that the new order called into question region specific law arrangements and customs kept for centuries . When Ferdinand VII of Spain died in 1833 , his fourth wife Maria Cristina became Queen Regent on behalf of their infant daughter Isabella II . This splintered the country into two factions known as the Cristinos ( or Isabelinos ) and the Carlists . The Cristinos were the supporters of the Queen Regent and her government , and were the party of the Liberals . The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos V , a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII , who denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 that abolished the semi Salic Law ( he was born before 1830 ) . They wanted a return to autocratic monarchy . While some historians count three wars , other authors and popular usage refer to the existence of two big engagements , the First and the Second , with the 1846 - 1849 events being taken as a minor episode .
Chiappino Vitelli Giovan Luigi " Chiappino " Vitelli ( 1519 – July 1575 ) was an Italian marquis and military leader , son of Niccolò Vitelli . Vitelli served as captain under Cosimo I de ' Medici in his wars to gain Florence , Siena and Montalcino , and was appointed governor of Piombino ( 1543 ) . He was also a general in the Spanish Army of Flanders , as well as Tuscan ambassador in the England of Elizabeth I . He was marquis of Cetona , that he acquired from Cosimo I de ' Medici ( 1556 ) . Here , he restored the fortress and built the " Piazza Vitelli " town square ( 1559 ) , today the " Piazza Garibaldi " , as well as the Palazzo Vitelli which can be seen today , holding a significant art collection . He used acquisitions from other places , such as a belltower from Montepescali , a town he had surrounded near Grosseto ( 1555 ) . His military inventions include a siege technique , first tried at the town of Mons in , for the Spanish Duke of Alba ( 1572 ) . He died in the Netherlands in 1575 .
Fred Gerard Fredrick Frances Gerard ( 1823 – 1913 ) was a frontiersman , army scout , and civilian interpreter for George Armstrong Custer ' s 7th U . S . Cavalry during the Little Bighorn Campaign . Fred Gerard was a trader at Fort Berthold in the Dakota Territory and was for a time married to an Indian woman , the sister of a warrior named Whistling Bear . Gerard was hired by Lieutenant Colonel Custer to serve at Fort Abraham Lincoln as an interpreter for his Arikara " Ree " scouts , as he was very familiar with the language from his years as a trader . He had lived in Indian country for 31 years at the time and had been involved in several battles . About dawn on the morning of June 25 , 1876 , Gerard accompanied Custer and the scouts to a high bluff known as the “ Crow ' s Nest ” to view the Little Bighorn River valley below . The scouts could see dust kicked up by an immense pony herd , and claimed to see hundreds of lodges , indicating the presence of thousands of Indians . Custer was unable to see what they were describing and was unwilling to listen to their cautions . Not long afterwards , Gerard rode to a small knoll and saw 40 Indians riding off at the gallop . He shouted back to Custer , " Here are your Indians , running like devils ! " Custer soon divided his company into four detachments and attacked . As Major Marcus Reno ' s battalion , Gerard , and the Rees forded the river , to their surprise they saw large swarms of mounted warriors riding towards them to give battle , instead of fleeing at the approach of the cavalry as Custer had presumed . Gerard turned back and overtook Custer ' s adjutant , Lieutenant William W . Cooke and Captain Myles Keogh , another officer from Custer ' s column who had accompanied Reno as far as the river . Explaining that the Indians were not fleeing at all but were coming out to fight , Gerard wheeled to rejoin Reno . Cooke and Keogh rejoined Custer and were killed with him and the companies he led . When Reno retreated to the bluffs from the timber , Gerard was one of about a dozen men left behind . He and Billy Jackson met up with Lt Charles DeRudio and Private Thomas O ' Neill , and the four of them spent the rest of the 25th and most of the 26th hiding in the woods . About midday on the 26th , they were discovered by some Indians , and Gerard and Jackson , who had retained their horses , rode off to draw the Indians away from DeRudio and O ' Neill , who had lost their horses . Gerard served as Dr . Henry Porter ’ s surgical assistant on Reno Hill . Gerard survived the battle and later testified before the Reno Court of Inquiry . In the official transcripts of the Reno Inquiry , his name is misspelled as " Girard . " In the years following the battle , Gerard returned to civilian life . He eventually married Ella S . Waddell of St . Louis and raised a family . In 1912 , Gerard gave his account of the battle to writer Fred Dustin , who was compiling personal narratives from survivors . He died less than a year later after being interviewed . Actor Eric Lawson portrayed Fred Gerard in the 1991 film " Son of the Morning Star " .
John T . Croxton John Thomas Croxton ( November 20 , 1836 – April 16 , 1874 ) was an attorney , a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , and a postbellum U . S . diplomat . Early life and career . Croxton was born near Paris , Kentucky , in rural Bourbon County . He was the oldest son among the twelve children of a Virginia - born wealthy plantation owner and slave owner . In 1857 , he graduated with honors from Yale University , where he was a member of the Skull and Bones secret society . He subsequently studied law under prominent attorney James Robinson and eventually joined the Freemasonry movement . Croxton was admitted to the bar and taught law courses at a school in Mississippi in 1858 . He returned to Kentucky the following year and established a profitable law practice in Paris , as well as owning a small farm outside of town . He married Catherine Rogers ( 1833 – 1882 ) and raised three daughters . His ardent support for the emancipation of slaves alienated him from much of his family . Civil War . In October 1861 , as the Civil War escalated , President Abraham Lincoln appointed Croxton as the lieutenant colonel of the 4th Kentucky Mounted Infantry . He saw his first significant fighting in the Battle of Mill Springs . He later rose to its colonel in early 1862 , and fought at Perryville . On September 19 , 1863 , his infantry brigade tangled with Confederate cavalry under Nathan Bedford Forrest , touching off the Battle of Chickamauga . Croxton was wounded during the fighting . He suffered a leg wound at the Battle of Nashville . In 1864 , he was promoted to brigadier general at the age of 27 , leading a cavalry brigade in the Army of the Cumberland during the Atlanta Campaign . His cavalry was active in Alabama during the final months of the war . On April 4 , 1865 , his force of 1 , 500 men seized Tuscaloosa , strengthening the Union army ' s grip on central Alabama and eliminating one of the Confederacy ' s last major supply and munitions centers . In the process , they burned most of the University of Alabama ' s buildings , as well as much of the town ' s industry and warehouses . On April 23 , 1865 , Croxton ' s troopers fought the Battle of Munford near Talladega , Alabama , defeating several hundred Confederate troops under General Benjamin Jefferson Hill . This is said to have been the last battle of the Civil War , east of the Mississippi . Postbellum career . In the omnibus promotions following the cessation of hostilities , Croxton was brevetted as a major general . He was then appointed to command the District of Southwest Georgia as provincial governor until he resigned on December 26 , 1865 . After his resignation from the army , Croxton returned to his Kentucky law practice and became a staunch supporter of the Republican Party . In 1872 , he was appointed by President Ulysses S . Grant as the U . S . Minister to Bolivia and moved his family to La Paz . He died there in office in 1874 , suffering from consumption . His remains were shipped home and buried in Paris Cemetery in Paris , Kentucky .
T - 34 variants The T - 34 medium tank is one of the most - produced and longest - lived tanks of all time . Identification of T - 34 variants can be complicated . Turret castings , superficial details , and equipment differed between factories ; new features were added in the middle of production runs , or retrofitted to older tanks ; damaged tanks were rebuilt , sometimes with the addition of newer - model equipment and even new turrets . Some tanks had appliqué armor made of scrap steel of varying thickness welded on to the hull and turret ; these tanks are called " s ekranami " ( " with screens " ) , although this was never an official designation for any T - 34 variant . Model naming . German intelligence in World War II referred to the two main production models as " T - 34 / 76 " and " T - 34 / 85 " , with minor models receiving letter designations such as " T - 34 / 76A " — this nomenclature has been widely used in the west , especially in popular literature . Since at least the 1980s , many academic sources ( notably AFV expert Steven Zaloga ) have used Soviet - style nomenclature : " T - 34 " and " T - 34 - 85 " , with minor models distinguished by year : " T - 34 Model 1940 " . ( This page has adopted that convention . ) Since the break - up of the Soviet Union , newly declassified sources have demonstrated that all T - 34s with the original turret and F - 34 gun ( conventionally known as Models 1941 and 1942 ) were officially called " Model 1941 " , and hexagonal - turret T - 34 ( Model 1943 ) was officially called " Model 1942 " . Because many different factories manufactured T - 34s , with components built by subcontractors , the listing below merely gives a broad overview and does not capture every possible variant . Also , not every factory implemented all model changes at the same time . For example , factory No . 112 continued building narrow - turret 76 mm armed models long after all other plants had switched to hexagonal - turreted tanks .
British E - class submarine The British E class submarines started out as improved versions of the British D class submarine . All of the first group and some of the second group were completed before the outbreak of World War I . The group 1 boats of the E class cost £101 , 900 per hull but the price eventually increased when the second group entered service to £105 , 700 per hull . As submarine technology improved , the E class went through several modifications to install the new improvements which were all installed by the time the final group was under construction . The class served in the North Sea and the Baltic and Turkish operations while some served with Russian ships in Russian coastal waters before being scuttled to avoid capture by the communists who were gradually taking control of Russia . The E class served with the Royal Navy throughout World War I as the backbone of the submarine fleet and were eventually replaced by the British L class submarine . All the E class submarines were withdrawn from service by 1922 .
Kite - class minesweeper The " Kite " - class minesweepers were a class of two ships operated by the United States Navy during World War II . Both ships were built as fishing trawlers in 1928 by the Bath Iron Works Corporation of Bath , Maine , for F . J . O ' Hara and Sons , Inc . of Boston , Massachusetts . The ships were acquired by the U . S . Navy in late 1940 , and converted to minesweepers at Bethlehem Steel Co . of East Boston , Massachusetts , and commissioned in early 1941 . Both were disposed of towards the end of the war .
İsmail Hakkı Karadayı İsmail Hakkı Karadayı ( born 1932 in Çankırı ) is a retired Turkish general , who became the 20th Commander of the Turkish Armed Forces on 30 August 1993 . He served between 1994 and 1998 as the 22nd Chief of the Turkish General Staff for a four - year term and was succeeded by General Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu .
HMAS Buna ( L 132 ) HMAS " Buna " ( L 132 ) was a " Balikpapan " class heavy landing craft operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . In 1974 , the vessel was transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force . Design and construction . The eight - vessel " Balikpapan " class was ordered as a locally - manufactured replacement for the Australian Army ' s LSM - 1 class landing ship medium and ALC 50 landing craft . They are long , with a beam of , and a draught of . The landing craft have a standard displacement of 316 tons , with a full load displacement of 503 tons . They are propelled by two G . M . Detroit 6 - 71 diesel motors , providing 675 brake horsepower to the two propeller shafts , allowing the vessels to reach . The standard ship ' s company is 13 - strong . The " Balikpapan " s are equipped with a Decca RM 916 navigational radar , and fitted with two machine guns for self - defence . The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons ; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks , 13 M113 armored personnel carrier s 23 quarter - tonne trucks , or four LARC - V amphibious cargo vehicles . As a troop transport , a " Balikpapan " class vessel can transport up to 400 soldiers between a larger amphibious ship and the shore , or embark 60 soldiers in six - berth caravans for longer voyages . The vessel ' s payload affects the range : at 175 tons of cargo , each vessel has a range of , which increases to with a 150 - ton payload , and when unladen . The flat , box - like keel causes the ships to roll considerably in other - than - calm conditions , limiting their ability to make long voyages . " Buna " was laid down by Walkers Limited at Maryborough , Queensland on 31 July 1972 , launched on 26 September 1972 , and commissioned into the RAN on 7 December 1973 . Operational history . In April 1974 , " Buna " , " Betano " , and " Brunei " transited to Lord Howe Island as a demonstration of the " Balikpanan " class ' oceangoing capabilities . On 14 November 1974 , " Buna " was decommissioned from RAN service and transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force . She is still in service as of 2013 .
German submarine U - 430 German submarine " U - 430 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out no patrols . She did not sink or damage any ships . She was sunk in northern Germany by US bombs in March 1945 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 5 October 1942 at the " Danziger Werft " ( yard ) at Danzig ( now Gdansk ) , as ' werk ' 131 , launched on 22 April 1943 and commissioned on 4 August under an Italian commander . She served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 4 August 1943 and the 21st flotilla from 1 September . She was reassigned to the 31st flotilla on 1 February 1945 . The U - boat was named " S - 6 " after being acquired by the Italian Navy in exchange for some transport ships . She returned to Germany after the Italian surrender where she was renamed " U - 430 " . Fate . The submarine was sunk by US bombs near Bremen on 30 March 1945 . Two men died ; the number of survivors is unknown .
Peko Dapčević Colonel General Peko Dapčević ( 25 June 1913 , Cetinje – 13 February 1999 ) was a famous Yugoslav communist who fought as volunteer in the Spanish Civil War , joined the Partisan uprising in Montenegro , and became commander of the Yugoslav 1st and 4th Armies . General Dapčević led the Partisan troops that along with Soviet Red Army under General Vladimir Zhdanov liberated Belgrade on October 20 , 1944 . In 1953 Dapčević was named Chief of the Yugoslav General Staff , but was demoted as a result of being indirectly involved in the Đilas troubles with the party . Born in Ljubotinj village ( part of Cetinje ) , Kingdom of Montenegro , his father Jovan was an Orthodox deacon and his brother was Vlado Dapčević . Dapčević died at the age of 86 in his home in Belgrade , FR Yugoslavia .