naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Lloyd J . Beall Lloyd James Beall ( October 19 , 1808 – November 10 , 1887 ) was a United States Army officer and paymaster . During the American Civil War , he served as a colonel and as Commandant of the Confederate States Marine Corps . He was the only man to command the Confederate marines throughout the conflict . Early life and career . He was born at Fort Adams in Newport , Rhode Island , the son of Lloyd Beall and Elizabeth Waugh Jones , who were Marylanders . Beall was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York , in 1830 . He also attended the Cavalry School of Saumur , France , from 1840 to 1842 , to learn the French Army ' s system of Dragoon exercise . In 1844 , Beall was promoted to major in the U . S . Army . He served in the Black Hawk and Seminole Wars and in the Mexican - American War . He was a U . S . Army paymaster stationed at St . Louis , Missouri , when the Civil War began . Civil War service . Siding with the Confederate States of America , Beall tendered his resignation and headed south . Beall was appointed a colonel in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States . On May 23 , 1861 , the Secretary of the Confederate States Navy , Stephen Mallory , appointed Beall as Colonel Commandant of the Confederate States Marine Corps , the only person to hold that position , and Beall served in that capacity throughout the war . He married Frances Hayne ( ca . 1820 - ? ) , daughter of South Carolina Senator Arthur P . Hayne . As an administrator during the war , Beall ' s military knowledge and experience remained an untapped resource . He worked hard to have the Confederate Marine Corps receive the personnel , supplies and other benefits accorded to other branches of the military . The training of officers and enlisted Marines took place at the Marines ' Barrack ' s Camp Beall , just a short distance south of Richmond , Virginia , at Drewry ’ s Bluff overlooking the James River . By the end of the war , he had succeeded in helping improve the resources available to the Marine Corps and established a separate Marine training camp in Charleston , South Carolina ; several permanent stations on the Mississippi River and Atlantic Seaboard . Thanks , in part , to Beall ' s efforts , the Confederate Marines gained a reputation for distinguished combat service , on the sea and land . Postbellum career . After the Civil War , Beall lived in Richmond , Virginia , and kept most of the Confederate States Marine Corps records at his home . Much of this history , along with Beall ' s personal history , was destroyed in a fire . Lloyd J . Beall died at age 79 in Richmond . He is interred in the city ' s Hollywood Cemetery .
26th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Hungarian ) The 26th Waffen - Grenadier Division der SS was one of the thirty - eight divisions fielded by the Waffen - SS during World War II . It had a proper name as well as a number , " Hungaria " . It was formed very late in the war , recruited primarily from Hungarians , and thus bore the secondary designation " ungarische Nr . 2 " ( " Hungarian # 2 ) .
Gotha WD . 2 The Gotha WD . 2 ( for " Wasser Doppeldecker " - " Water Biplane " ) and its derivatives were a family of military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Germany just before and during the early part of World War I . It was a development of the Avro 503 that had been built under licence by Gotha as the WD . 1 , and like it , was a conventional three - bay biplane with tandem , open cockpits . The landing gear comprised twin pontoons and dispensed with the small pontoon carried under the tail of the WD . 1 . Machines built for the German Navy were unarmed , but those supplied to the Ottoman aviation squadrons carried a 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) machine gun in a ring mount on the upper wing , accessible to the observer , whose seat was located directly below it . In an attempt to increase performance , one WD . 2 was built with a reduced wingspan and its Benz Bz . III engine replaced with the more powerful Mercedes D . III . Designated the WD . 5 , no further examples were built in this configuration , but it served as the pattern for the WD . 9 , built in a small series . This differed from the WD . 5 prototype in having a trainable 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) machine gun located in the rear cockpit , to which the observer had been relocated . One such aircraft was supplied to the German Navy , with the rest of the batch going to Turkey , albeit with the less powerful engine of the WD . 2 . The last member of the family to be built in any quantity was the D . III - powered WD . 12 , an unarmed version which featured greater attention to streamlining the aircraft , most especially around the engine area , which was now provided with a close - fitting cowl and a spinner for the propeller . Again , this type was supplied to both Germany and the Ottoman Empire . It was followed in production by a small number of WD . 13s , essentially similar but for the use again of the less powerful Bz . III . Finally , two WD . 15s were built after a considerable redesign of the aircraft . These had plywood - covered fuselages , as opposed to the fabric covering used on all earlier members of the family , and were fitted with Mercedes D . IVa engines .
German Type UC I submarine The Type UC I submarines were a class of small coastal minelaying U - boat s built in Germany during the early part of World War I . They were the first operational minelaying submarines in the world ( although the Russian submarine " Krab " was laid down earlier ) . A total of fifteen boats were built . The class is sometimes also referred to as the " UC - 1 " class after , the class leader . Design . These submarines were designed by Dr . Werner of the Torpedo Inspectorate , and based on the Type UB I small coastal submarines , with a revised bow section housing inclined minelaying tubes and uprated engines to compensate for the increased displacement and less streamlined form . The boats ' sole armament was six internal mine tubes with 12 mines , although " UC - 11 " was fitted with a single external torpedo tube in 1916 . They were constructed very quickly , and suffered from problems with their minelaying system , which in some cases caused the mines to become armed before exiting their tubes and explode prematurely . List of Type UC I submarines . A total of 15 Type UC I submarines were built .
15 cm SK L / 45 The 15 cm SK L / 45 was a German naval gun used in World War I and World War II . Naval service . This gun was fitted as the casemate - mounted secondary armament in all Imperial German dreadnought battleships and battlecruisers , the armored cruiser and as primary armament in the , , " Königsberg " , and the s . After World War I it was fitted to the light cruiser . Ammunition . It used 15 cm Spgr L / 4 . 1 HE shells with a bursting charge weight between and , depending on how the shell was fuzed . Coast Defense Gun . The same gun was used for coast defense duties in concrete emplacements after World War I . One example was " 3 . / Marine - Artillerie Abteilung 604 " ( " 3rd Battery of Naval Artillery Battalion 604 " ) in Jersey . They show it using shells with a range of Railroad Gun . It was also used as a railroad gun during World War I .
HMAS Kuramia HMAS " Kuramia " was an auxiliary boom defence vessel and net layer of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . She was built in 1913 as a double ended ferry for Sydney Ferries . Built by David Drake , Balmain for Sydney Ferries , she was launched on 15 November 1913 . Her triple expansion engines were built by Mort ' s Dock , Balmain . She was operated on the Milson ' s Point run . She was sold in 1940 and her machinery was removed . Part of her machinery was fitted in " Uralba " . Her hull was requisitioned by the RAN in 1942 and she was converted into an auxiliary boom defence vessel and net layer . She was acquired by the RAN in 1943 . Fate . Her hulk was used as target by aircraft from off Sydney on 10 October 1953 and sunk .
3rd Parachute Division ( Germany ) The 3rd Parachute Division was a German military unit that was active during World War II . Its formation began in October 1943 in France near Reims . From February 1944 near Brest . In March 1944 division was reinforced by soldiers from the 3rd Battalion of the 1st Parachute Regiment . Equipment and training . The 3rd Parachute Division was a German Airborne division which fought during World War II . It was formed during 1943 - 44 around a cadre consisting of the veteran 3rd Battalion , 1st Parachute Regiment . Training was intensive and emphasised initiative and improvisation . The Division was well equipped with 930 MG42 s . Each company had 20 MG 42s and 43 sub machine guns while a squad had 2 MG42s and 5 sub machine guns . In comparison its main opponent , the 29th Infantry Division had just 2 M1919 machine gun s and 9 BAR S per company and a squad had just one BAR . The 3rd Parachute Division had 3 times as many mortars and with larger calibre . So it had between six and twenty times more firepower . It arrived in Normandy on 10 June , by truck after a night drive from Brittany . It was at full strength and consisted of young German volunteers , and numbered 15 , 976 soldiers and officers . Its level of training and excellent weapon systems prompted the commander of 29th Infantry Division to remark , " Those Germans are the best damned soldiers I ever saw . They ' re smart and they don ' t know what ' fear ' means . They come in and they keep coming until they get their job done or you kill ' em . " Operational history . The division went into combat in June 1944 in Normandy . In August it was virtually destroyed in the area of Falaise . Formed again in Belgium thanks to replacements from 22nd , 51st , 53rd Luftwaffe Field Regiments . During September 1944 it fought as a part of Kampfgruppe " Becker " in Arnhem area . It surrendered in April 1945 to American troops in Ruhr . Organization in June 1944 . Commander : General Major Schimpf
Hans Dons Hans Fleischer Dons ( 1882 – 1940 ) was a naval officer and the first Norwegian to fly in Norway . Dons was born in Eiker , Norway and from 1909 he served as second in command on board Norway ' s first submarine the " Kobben " ( the Seal ) . On June 1 , 1912 Dons performed the first flight in Norway , in an Etrich Taube monoplane named Start made in Germany by Edmund Rumpler . Few days later , 7 June , Dons flew from Borre over Horten , crossing the Oslo - fjord to Moss and Fredrikstad – covering a distance of 48 km in 35 minutes . In 1935 Dons published his book : " " Start " . En norsk flyvehistorie fra 1912 - 13 " . ( " " Start " . A Norwegian aviation history from 1912 - 13 " . )
Battle of La Ciotat The Battle of La Ciotat was a naval engagement in August 1944 during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon . Allied forces , engaged at the main landings in Vichy France , ordered a small flotilla of American and British warships to make a feint against the port city of La Ciotat as a diversion . The Allies hoped to draw German forces away from the main landing zones at Cavalaire - sur - Mer , Saint - Tropez and Saint Raphaël . During the operation , two German warships attacked the Allied flotilla . Battle . On 17 August 1944 , the Allied command appointed Captain John D . Bulkeley to take charge of the operation . Bulkeley proceeded to La Ciotat with a force of one destroyer , , 17 PT boat s and the British Insect - class gunboat s and . When the Allies arrived off La Ciotat , the PT boats and gunboats were sent in ahead of " Endicott " and sank a German merchant steamer in the harbor . The warships then bombarded targets in the city until two German ships were spotted . They were the former Italian corvette " Antilope " , renamed " UJ6082 " and the former Egypt ian armed yacht " Nimet Allah " . " UJ6073 " was armed with one gun and two torpedo tubes . Her sister ship " UJ6081 " had been sunk two days earlier at the Battle of Port Cros . The yacht mounted only a German anti - aircraft / anti - tank Flak gun . The two British gunboats engaged the Germans with their and 12 - pound weapons , but the enemy fire was so accurate that they had forced to withdraw . USS " Endicott " , with only one gun in operation , opened fire from within of the enemy ships . The Germans switched fire from the gunboats to " Endicott " and hit her , wounding one man , the only American casualty . Although a dud , the shell tore a large hole in " Endicott " s side . In an engagement that lasted just under an hour , the Americans and the Germans dueled at close range until both the corvette and the yacht were sunk . The Allies then resumed the bombardment of the city . When later asked why he engaged two enemy vessels which at the time outgunned his destroyer , Captain Bulkeley replied ; " What else could I do ? You engage , you fight , you win . That is the reputation of our Navy , then and in the future " . On the same day , American aircraft , just north of La Ciotat , dropped around 300 dummy paratroopers and explosive devices that simulated rifle fire . German casualties are unknown , although " Endicott " rescued 169 sailors who became prisoners of war . John Bulkeley eventually rose to the rank of Vice Admiral in the United States Navy , largely due to his conduct in this action .
George F . Brady George F . Brady , ( real name was George Patrick Brady ) , was a sailor in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions during the Spanish – American War . Biography . Brady was born on September 7 , 1867 in Ireland and enlisted in the United States Navy on November 30 , 1884 . He was a Chief Gunner ' s Mate aboard the during the Battle of Cardenas , Cuba . During the battle , the " Winslow " was damaged by Spanish gunfire . Brady assisted in sustaining fire on the Spanish , made efforts to repair the ship ' s steering gear and helped maintain its watertight integrity to prevent it from sinking . For his heroism he was awarded the Medal of Honor by the Navy on September 3 , 1899 . In addition to the Medal of Honor , he was also promoted to the warrant officer rank of Gunner on June 27 , 1898 in recognition of his herosim . He committed suicide on board the U . S . S . " Monongahela " in Portsmouth , New Hampshire on November 6 , 1903 . He stated shortly before his suicide that " the pain was unbearable " but it is unclear if his pain was physical or emotional . He was buried in the Island Cemetery in Newport , Rhode Island , where his wife and children lived . It should be noted that his name in records pertaining to the Medal of Honor is " George F . Brady " and the name on his tombstone is " George P . Brady " . The reason for this descrepency is probably that his name was mis - transcribed when his Medal of Honor citation was written . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Chief Gunner ' s Mate , U . S . Navy . Born : 7 September 1867 , Ireland . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 497 , September 3 , 1898 . Citation : Chief gunner ' s mate on board the torpedo boat " Winslow " , for gallant and conspicuous conduct in the action at Cardenas , Cuba , May 11 , 1898 . Brady ' s energy in assisting to sustain fire , his efforts to repair the steering gear under fire , and his promptness in maintaining closed watertight doors and hatches , was largely instrumental in saving the vessel .
Strasbourg Agreement ( 1675 ) The Strasbourg Agreement of 1675 is the first international agreement banning the use of chemical weapon s . The treaty was signed between France and the Holy Roman Empire , and was created in response to the use of poisoned bullet s . The treaty was signed on August 27 , 1675 . The next major agreement on chemical weapons did not occur until the 1925 Geneva Protocol .
Robert Leslie Poxon Robert Leslie Poxon ( January 3 , 1947 – June 2 , 1969 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Poxon joined the Army from his birth city of Detroit , Michigan in 1967 , and by June 2 , 1969 was serving as a first lieutenant in Troop B , 1st Squadron , 9th Cavalry Regiment , 1st Cavalry Division . During a firefight on that day , in Tay Ninh Province of the Republic of Vietnam , Poxon attempted to aid a wounded soldier and was himself wounded in the process . Despite his injuries , he continued to lead his platoon and succeeded in destroying an enemy bunker before being killed . For his actions during the battle , Poxon was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . Poxon , aged 22 at his death , was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in his hometown of Detroit , Michigan . Medal of Honor citation . First Lieutenant Poxon ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . 1st Lt . Poxon , Armor , Troop B , distinguished himself while serving as a platoon leader on a reconnaissance mission . Landing by helicopter in an area suspected of being occupied by the enemy , the platoon came under intense fire from enemy soldiers in concealed positions and fortifications around the landing zone . A soldier fell , hit by the first burst of fire . 1st Lt . Poxon dashed to his aid , drawing the majority of the enemy fire as he crossed 20 meters of open ground . The fallen soldier was beyond help and 1st Lt . Poxon was seriously and painfully wounded . 1st Lt . Poxon , with indomitable courage , refused medical aid and evacuation and turned his attention to seizing the initiative from the enemy . With sure instinct he marked a central enemy bunker as the key to success . Quickly instructing his men to concentrate their fire on the bunker , and in spite of his wound , 1st Lt . Poxon crawled toward the bunker , readied a hand grenade and charged . He was hit again but continued his assault . After succeeding in silencing the enemy guns in the bunker he was struck once again by enemy fire and fell , mortally wounded . 1st Lt . Poxon ' s comrades followed their leader , pressed the attack and drove the enemy from their positions . 1st Lt . Poxon ' s gallantry , indomitable will , and courage are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
Joe McCarthy ( RCAF officer ) Joseph Charles " Big Joe " McCarthy RCAF ( 31 August 1919 - 6 September 1998 ) was an American - Canadian Royal Canadian Air Force RAF Bomber Command aviator in World War II . He was born on Long Island and grew up in Brooklyn . As a teenager , he worked as a lifeguard at Coney Island and learned to fly . In May 1941 , months before the United States would enter the war , McCarthy joined the Royal Canadian Air Force . McCarthy was most known for flying with No . 617 Squadron RAF , including Operation Chastise ( the Dams Raid ) of 1943 . By the time of the raid he had already taken part in thirty bombing sorties over Germany , including three over Berlin . McCarthy and his crew flew with the second wave of Lancasters , but he had to take a spare aircraft after his failed . T - Tommy was the only aircraft from the 2nd wave to attack a target - the Sorpe Dam , which had to be attacked with an Upkeep bomb directly without it bouncing . Despite hitting the target , the dam was not breached . He was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross in 1943 for service with No . 97 Squadron RAF , a Distinguished Service Order in the same year for the dams raid , and a bar to the DFC in 1944 . He was mentioned but not portrayed in the 1955 film " The Dam Busters " , which focuses mostly on the 1st wave that breached the Moehne and Eder dams .
Günther Pulst Günther Pulst ( 26 March 1918 in Braunschweig – 5 January 1991 in Bonn ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . His nephew is the American scientist Stefan M . Pulst .
Oscar Griswold Oscar Woolverton Griswold ( 22 October 1886 - 28 September 1959 ) was an American soldier and General in the first half of the 20th century . He is best known for his command of the XIV Corps in the South Pacific Area and South West Pacific Area during World War II . Early life . Oscar Woolverton Griswold was born on 22 October 1886 in Ruby Valley Nevada . He attended the University of Nevada , Reno from 1905 to 1906 , when he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy . On graduation with the West Point Class of 1910 , he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Infantry . World War I . His early company grade assignments included three years service in China from 1914 to 1917 . During World War I he served as a major and Lieutenant Colonel in the U . S . 84th Infantry Division , American Expeditionary Force from 1918 to 1919 , and participated in the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . Interwar years . He was assigned to the United States Military Academy from 1921 to 1924 . He graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1925 , graduating 189th in the class of 258 , and the U . S . Army War College in 1929 . From 1929 to 1931 he served with the War Department General Staff . This duty was followed by service with the United States Army Air Corps . He served as a member of the Infantry Board from 1932 to 1936 , and from 1936 to 1939 was assigned to the Office , Chief of Infantry . World War II . Griswold commanded the 29th Infantry from September 1939 to October 1940 . He was promoted to Brigadier General in October 1940 and became Commanding General of the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Camp Croft . Promoted to Major General in August 1941 , he commanded 4th Infantry Division ( Mechanised ) . From April 1943 , he was Commanding General of the XIV Corps , which fought in New Georgia , Bougainville and in the Philippines . He was promoted to Lieutenant General in early 1945 and continued to serve in the Pacific theater under Douglas MacArthur , during the battle of Manila in February 1945 . In June 1945 , General of the Army MacArthur nominated Griswold to command the Tenth United States Army following the death of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner , Jr . in the Battle of Okinawa . However , he was passed over in favor of General Joseph Stilwell . Later life . After World War II Griswold served as Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army from 11 June 1946 to 15 March 1947 , and then the Third United States Army from 15 March 1947 to 14 April 1947 . Among his many awards and decorations were the Army Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster , Navy Distinguished Service Medal , Silver Star with Oak Leaf Cluster , Bronze Star , Air Medal , and Purple Heart . In 1946 he received an Doctor of Laws from the University of Nevada , Reno . In October 1947 , he retired to The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs , Colorado . He died on 28 September 1959 .
12th Virginia Regiment The 12th Virginia Regiment was raised on September 16 , 1776 at Williamsburg , Virginia for service with the ( U . S . ) Continental Army . The regiment saw action in the Battle of Brandywine , Battle of Germantown , Battle of Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston . Most of the regiment was captured at Charlestown , South Carolina on May 12 , 1780 by the British and the regiment was formally disbanded on January 1 , 1783 .