naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Rudolf Zürn Rudolf Zürn ( 4 March 1895 – 15 October 1941 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Arapaho ( AT - 14 ) USS " Arapaho " ( AT - 14 / YT - 121 ) was an " Arapaho " - class fleet tug that performed various tugboat services for the United States Navy . She was constructed in Seattle , Washington ; however , she spent most of her working career on the U . S . East Coast , primarily at Norfolk , Virginia , and Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Launched in Seattle , Washington . The name " Arapaho " ( sometimes spelled " Arapahoe " ) was assigned on 9 May 1914 to a tug that had been laid down unnamed on 16 December 1913 at Seattle , Washington , by the Seattle Construction and Drydock Company . Launched on 20 June 1914 , " Arapaho " was delivered to the Navy on 2 December 1914 . Placed in an " in service " status as befitting a yard craft , Arapaho performed tug and tow duty at the Mare Island Navy Yard , Vallejo , California through 1917 . Classified as a fleet tug on 15 December 1915 , the ship was commissioned on 8 February 1918 at the Mare Island Navy Yard , Lieutenant A . R . Hunter , USNRF , in command . World War I service . Ordered to the Atlantic Fleet , " Arapaho " departed Mare Island , California on 25 February 1918 and , after transiting the Panama Canal , reached Norfolk , Virginia on 6 April . The tug operated with the Atlantic Fleet , primarily out of Norfolk , Virginia , through the armistice of 11 November . Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet Train , " Arapaho " towed target rafts and barges and performed routine mooring buoy maintenance at Hampton Roads , Virginia , and occasionally ranged with the fleet to $ 3 and Guayancanabo Bays , Cuba , and Narragansett Bay , Rhode Island . Post - war service . During the fleet movement to Guantanamo in January 1920 , " Arapaho " — in company with the minesweepers , , , and — towed target rafts and barges to Guantanamo for the fleet ' s use during the annual winter maneuvers there . Although detached from the Train on 1 January 1920 , " Arapaho " was apparently not assigned to the 4th Naval District ( Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) until 29 February . During the first year of operations out of her new home port and yard , she was classified as AT - 14 during the fleet - wide assignment of alphanumeric hull numbers on 17 July . That autumn , in company with , she laid out a torpedo range from 19 October - 1 November in the lower Potomac River . Upon completion of this duty , " Arapaho " returned to the Philadelphia Navy Yard for a resumption of her previous duties . Decommissioning . " Arapaho " remained assigned to the 4th Naval District until decommissioned at Philadelphia on the afternoon of 6 April 1922 . She remained in reserve there — reclassified , while inactive , as a yard tug YT - 121 on 27 February 1936 — until struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 December . Two days later , " Arapaho " was ordered to be sold , and she was eventually purchased by A . S . Hughes ' Sons , Philadelphia on 5 May 1937 .
HMS Bermuda ( 1805 ) HMS " Bermuda " was an 18 - gun Bermuda sloop of the Royal Navy . " Bermuda " was built in Bermuda of Bermuda cedar in 1805 , as the lead ship of her class . The " Bermuda " s were modified versions of the " Dasher " class of 1797 , and eventually consisted of six ships . She was launched in 1805 , and commissioned in October that year under the command of William Henry Byam , from Busy , Halifax . She only spent three years in service before being wrecked on Memory Rock , Little Bermuda on 22 April 1808 . All the crew were saved and Captain Byam went on to command HMS " Opossum " .
William Keneally William Stephen Kenealy VC , ( 26 December 1886 – 29 June 1915 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest military award for gallantry in the face of the enemy given to British and Commonwealth forces . Biography . Born in Wexford , his father John was a colour sergeant in the Royal Irish Regiment . When his father retired from the army , the family moved to the district of Ashton - in - Makerfield , Lancashire where his father worked as a check - weigher at Bryn Hall Colliery . Keneally became a coal miner at age 13 . Ten years later , he enlisted into the army , signing up for 7 years . He joined the 1st Battalion , Lancashire Fusiliers , British Army as a private in during the First World War . Citation . On 25 April 1915 west of Cape Helles , Gallipoli , Turkey , he was 28 years old when he performed an act of bravery for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . Private Keneally was one of the six members of the regiment elected by their colleagues in the regiment for the award , and described in the press as ' six VC ' s before breakfast ' . Lieutenant - General Sir Ian Hamilton , the overall Allied army commander at Gallipoli ordered that the beach be renamed Lancashire Landing because of his conviction that " no finer feat of arms has ever been achieved by the British Soldier - or any other soldier - than the storming of these beaches " . The other five members of the regiment who received the award as a result of the landing were Cuthbert Bromley , John Elisha Grimshaw , Alfred Joseph Richards , Frank Edward Stubbs and Richard Raymond Willis . Shortly afterwards he was promoted to corporal and then lance - sergeant . He was seriously wounded in the Battle of Gully Ravine on 28 June 1915 and died the next day . References . Listed in order of publication year
Metzudat Koach The Metzudat Koach Memorial ( , also Nabi Yusha fort ) commemorates 28 soldiers who died during the 1948 conquest of a strategically important fort . The fort and observation point is located in the Upper Galilee , close to the tomb of Nabi Yusha . Its name , Koach , has a double meaning : in gematria it corresponds to 28 ( the number of fallen soldiers ) , and the Hebrew word " כח " meaning " strength " . The Metzudat Koach memorial is currently part of the Israel National Trail , while the fort serves as an Israel Border Police base . History . The fort is not a " Tegart fort " — it is not as large as a Tegart and has a round turret . Commissioned by the British and constructed by Solel Boneh , the fort was a key observation point on the Naftali heights , overlooking the Hula Valley , and used to monitor the Palestine / Lebanon border . By mid - April 1948 , the British army had evacuated most of Upper Galilee . A number of key points were subsequently occupied by Arab forces , including the police fort at Nabi Yusha . This fort commanded the main road to Upper Galilee and the routes to the Jewish settlements of Ramot Naftali and Manara . The Palmach understood that this observation point had a strategic importance for the safety and future of the kibbutzim below . In the evening hours of April 15 , the police station was attacked by a company composed of Golani , Palmach and irregulars from nearby Jewish settlements , which moved in two armored cars and two armored Egged buses . Strong fire was opened on the attacking force which was compelled to withdraw . 4 Jews were killed . On April 20 , a second attempt was made to occupy the fort by a force from the third Palmach battalion . A small force succeeded in breaking the barriers and reaching the wall but two of its members were hit , which delayed the detonation of the explosives until their evacuation . During their evacuation , enemy fire was directed at them and many of the unit soldiers were killed . The troops fought to their last man . Altogether , 22 Jews were killed in the battle . During the night of May 16 / 17 , a company of the third battalion of the Yiftach Brigade occupied the fort after driving away their enemy . On the next day , two of the soldiers were killed . In the battles for the occupation of the fort 28 Jewish soldiers fell and " Metzudat Hakoach " ( Fort of the 28 ) is named after them today . References .
Adhemar of Le Puy Adhemar ( also known as Adémar , Aimar , or Aelarz ) de Monteil ( died 1 August 1098 ) , one of the principal figures of the First Crusade , was bishop of Puy - en - Velay from before 1087 . At the Council of Clermont in 1095 , Adhemar showed great zeal for the crusade ( there is evidence Urban II had conferred with Adhemar before the council ) and having been named apostolic legate and appointed to lead the crusade by Pope Urban II , he accompanied Raymond IV , Count of Toulouse , to the east . Whilst Raymond and the other leaders often quarrelled with each other over the leadership of the crusade , Adhemar was always recognized as the spiritual leader of the crusade . Adhemar negotiated with Alexius I Comnenus at Constantinople , reestablished at Nicaea some discipline among the crusaders , fought a crucial role at the Battle of Dorylaeum and was largely responsible for sustaining morale during the siege of Antioch through various religious rites including fasting and special observances of holy days . After the capture of the city in June 1098 , and the subsequent siege led by Kerbogha , Adhemar organized a procession through the streets , and had the gates locked so that the Crusaders , many of whom had begun to panic , would be unable to desert the city . He was extremely skeptical of Peter Bartholomew ' s discovery in Antioch of the Holy Lance , especially because he knew such a relic already existed in Constantinople ; however , he was willing to let the Crusader army believe it was real if it raised their morale . When Kerbogha was defeated , Adhemar organized a council in an attempt to settle the leadership disputes , but he died on 1 August 1098 , probably of typhus . The disputes among the higher nobles went unsolved , and the march to Jerusalem was delayed for months . However , the lower - class foot soldiers continued to think of Adhemar as a leader ; some of them claimed to have been visited by his ghost during the siege of Jerusalem , and reported that Adhemar instructed them to hold another procession around the walls . This was done , and Jerusalem was taken by the Crusaders in 1099 .
War of the Three Henrys The War of the Three Henrys ( 1587 - 1589 ) was the eighth and final conflict in the series of civil wars in France known as the Wars of Religion . The war was fought between the royalists , led by Henry III of France ; the Huguenots , led by the heir - presumptive Henry of Navarre ; and the Catholic League , led by Henry I , Duke of Guise and funded and supported by Philip II of Spain . The war was instigated by King Philip to keep Spain ' s enemy , France , from interfering with the Spanish army in the Netherlands and his planned invasion of England and Russia . The war began when the Catholic League convinced King Henry III to issue an edict outlawing Protestantism and annulling Henry of Navarre ' s right to the throne ; Henry III was possibly influenced by the royal favorite , Anne , Duke of Joyeuse . For the first part of the war , the royalists and the Catholic League were uneasy allies against their common enemy , the Huguenots , but after Joyeuse was killed at the Battle of Coutras , relations between the two failed : the Catholic League seized the city of Paris in an uprising planned in part by the Spanish diplomat Bernardino de Mendoza , forcing the king to flee to Blois . After the defeat of the Spanish Armada , the king called the Estates - General in the midst of intrigue and plotting . Henri of Guise planned to assassinate the king and seize the throne , but the king struck first by having Guise killed by his guards , The Forty - Five . Open war erupted between the royalists and the Catholic League , and Henry III allied with his heir , Henry of Navarre . At first , the royalist - Huguenots enjoyed astounding success and almost reached the gates of Paris , but Jacques Clément , a fanatical Catholic monk assassinated King Henry III at Saint - Cloud . Many Catholic royalists were unwilling to serve the Protestant Henry IV , and the army retreated from Paris . In the spring , Henry IV returned to the field ; he won significant victories at Ivry and Arques and laid siege to Paris ( despite being greatly outnumbered ) , but a Spanish army under Alexander Farnese , Duke of Parma lifted the siege . Deciding that further fighting was not worth the cost , Henry converted to Catholicism . The people of Paris were weary of war and disillusioned with the leaders of the League , and welcomed him amidst jubilation . The war lasted several more years , as League diehards and Spanish troops continued to resist the reunification of France . But once those were dealt with , Henry IV ' s reign inaugurated a time of commerce and peace , commonly regarded as a golden age , and he remains one of France ' s most beloved kings .
Rehe Guard Army The Rehe Guard Army was a corps of the Manchukuo Imperial Army , formed after the conquest of the former Chinese province of Rehe during Operation Nekka in 1933 . The Rehe Guard Army was created from a section of the Taoliao Army and had a nominal strength of 17 , 945 men In the 1935 reorganization of the Manchukuo Imperial Army it became the 5th District Army " Chengde " under command of General Chang Hai - peng .
48th United States Colored Infantry Regiment The 48th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was a U . S . C . T . infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was organized from the 10th Louisiana Infantry ( African Descent ) in March 1864 and fought in the Gulf Coast areas as part of the Department of the Gulf . It participated in the Battle of Fort Blakely in April 1865 , after which it served in various garrison roles in Texas until it was mustered out on January 4 , 1866 . During its time of service the regiment lost three officers and 59 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and one officer and 464 enlisted men died of disease , for a total of 527 .
Sopwith Cobham The Sopwith Cobham was a British twin - engined triplane bomber aircraft designed and built by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War . The only twin - engined aircraft built by Sopwith , the Cobham did not fly until after the end of the war , and was unsuccessful due to the failure of its engines , only three prototypes being built . Design and development . The Sopwith Cobham was designed to meet a June 1918 requirement for a twin - engined long - range medium bomber to equip the Royal Air Force ( to meet RAF Type IV , VI and VII specifications ) . The design , by Herbert Smith was a twin - engined triplane with a wooden box - girder fuselage with fabric and plywood covering , while the wings , which were of equal span , each had two spruce spars and fabric covering . It was designed to be powered by two of the new ABC Dragonfly radial engines , which promised high power for low installed weight , and had been ordered in large numbers to equip most of the prospective types planned to equip the RAF . It had a crew of three , with a pilot sitting in a cockpit just forward of the leading edge of the wings , while gunners sat in nose and dorsal positions , each armed with Lewis gun s on Scarff ring s . Three 250 lb ( 114 kg ) bombs could be carried vertically in the fuselage . Three prototypes were ordered , the only twin - engined aircraft to be built by Sopwith . The first prototype was completed in December 1918 , but no Dragonfly engines were available , so it was fitted with 240 hp ( 179 kW ) Siddeley Puma engines to allow flight testing , making its maiden flight in April 1919 . It was later re - engined with more - powerful , high compression Pumas , rated at 290 hp ( 220 kW ) , being tested at RAF Martlesham Heath in March 1920 . Flight - ready Dragonfly engines were delivered during 1919 . As they were heavier than expected , the design had to be modified with the engines mounted further back and the stagger on the wings adjusted . The Dragonfly powered aircraft were also fitted with a larger rudder as a result of experience with the Puma powered aircraft . The two Dragonfly powered prototypes , designated Cobham Mk I ( with the Puma - powered first prototype designated Cobham Mk II ) , flew in January and February 1920 . The Dragonfly proved to be extremely unreliable , and development of the engine was stopped in September 1920 , leading to the two Dragonfly powered prototypes being discarded . The first prototype did not last much longer , being last flown on 27 January 1921 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment , Farnborough .
USS Dawn ( SP - 26 ) " Note : This ship should not be confused with USS " Dawn " ( SP - 37 ) , a yawl ordered delivered to the United States Navy in 1917 but never commissioned into service . " The second USS " Dawn " ( SP - 26 ) was a motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a repair boat from 1917 to 1918 . " Dawn " was built in 1914 by Hehre and Aker at Clason Point in The Bronx , New York , as a private motorboat of the same name . The U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , W . T . Donnelley of Brooklyn , New York , on 19 June 1917 for World War I service as a repair boat , deeming her electric - drive propulsion plant suitable for furnishing electric power for lighting , machine shop work , or repairs . She was commissioned as USS " Dawn " ( SP - 26 ) on 19 June 1917 , the day of her acquisition from Donnelley . " Dawn " was assigned to the 2nd Naval District . Apparently she did not prove satisfactory in service , for a January 1918 U . S . Navy note commented that the Navy had decided to return her to her owner . The Navy returned " Dawn " to Donnelley on 4 April 1918 .
M4 flame fuel thickening compound M4 flame fuel thickening compound is a nonhygroscopic thickener , adi - acid aluminum soap of isooctanoic acids derived from isooctyl alcohol or isooctyl aldehyd , which are obtained from the oxidization of petroleum . M4 is used in fire bombs and incendiary weapons .
Nieuport Memorial The Nieuport Memorial is a First World War memorial , located in the Belgian port city of Nieuwpoort ( ) , which is at the mouth of the River Yser . The memorial lists 547 names of British officers and men with no known grave who were killed in the Siege of Antwerp in 1914 or in the defence of this part of the Western Front from June to November 1917 . Those that fought in 1914 were members of the Royal Naval Division . The fighting in 1917 , when XV Corps defended the line from Sint - Joris to the sea , included the German use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas and Blue Cross . Designed by the Scottish architect William Bryce Binnie , the memorial is an 8 - metre - high pylon of Euville stone , a limestone from Euville . The names of those commemorated are cast on bronze panels surrounding the base of the pylon . Three lions , carved by the British sculptor Charles Sargeant Jagger , stand guard at the corners of the memorial ' s triangular paved platform . Around the top of the bronze name panels is cast the words from Laurence Binyon ' s famous poem , " For the Fallen " : The memorial was unveiled on 1 July 1928 by Sir George Macdonogh , a commissioner for the Imperial War Graves Commission . Macdonogh had been a staff officer and general for the Directorate of Military Intelligence for most of the war , being appointed Adjutant - General to the Forces in September 1918 .
USS LCI ( L ) - 93 USS " LCI ( L ) - 93 " was an amphibious assault ship ( Landing Craft Infantry - Large ) , commissioned in 1943 by the United States Coast Guard . It participated in the Operation Husky Landings in Sicily on 10 July 1943 , as well as the landings at Salerno , Italy . Normandy Invasion . As part of the massive amphibious force created for The Normandy Invasion , " LCI ( L ) - 93 " took part in the landings at Omaha Beach on D - Day , 6 June 1944 . After offloading its second cargo of American troops , the vessel became stranded between the shore and a sandbar . German Artillery then opened fire on the vulnerable ship , seriously wounding several soldiers and Coast Guardsmen . Among those injured were Stewards Mate 2 / c John Roberts , an African American crewman , who lost his leg when an enemy shell passed through a bulkhead . Badly damaged , " LCI ( L ) - 93 " was lost as a result of this action . In Art and Television . In addition to several photographs taken of " LCI ( L ) - 93 " after the battle , several paintings of Omaha Beach depict the ship under fire on D - Day . The story of " LCI ( L ) - 93 " was also told in The History Channel documentary , with veteran John Roberts recounting his story of the ship ' s action at Normandy .
2nd ( Royal Naval ) Brigade The 2nd ( Royal Naval ) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Royal Navy . It was assigned to the 63rd ( Royal Naval ) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War . The brigade was first raised in August 1914 . By April 1915 it was known as 2nd ( Royal Naval ) Brigade . In July 1915 , the Brigade was broken up , then reformed on 2 August 1915 and re - designated 2nd Brigade . It was further re - designated the 2nd ( Royal Naval ) Brigade and the 189th Brigade in July 1916 .
Bummers Bummers was a nickname applied to foragers of Maj . Gen . William Tecumseh Sherman ' s Union army during its March to the Sea and north through North Carolina and South Carolina during the American Civil War . The designation " bummers " was used , both by soldiers and civilians , to describe Sherman ' s soldiers , official and unofficial , who requisitioned food from Southern homes along the route of the Army ' s march . Often highly destructive in nature , bummers became notorious among Southerners for looting and vandalism , and they did much to shatter the illusion that the Confederate Army was successfully defending its territory on all fronts . The bummers ' activities in Georgia and the Carolinas helped ensure that the South would be unable to sustain its war effort ; additionally , bummers ' destruction of industrial property rendered the garrisoning of southern cities largely unnecessary by destroying most , if not all , of those facilities in their path that replenished the Confederate war effort ( such as cotton gins , farms , foundries , lumber mills , etc . ) .
Army Mountain Warfare School The Army Mountain Warfare School ( AMWS ) is an United States Army school located at the Ethan Allen Firing Range , Jericho , Vermont to train soldiers in mountain warfare , the specialized skills required for operating in mountainous terrain . The school is located in Vermont ' s Green Mountains . Purpose . The school teaches a number of courses to train soldiers of the army ( including the Army Reserve , Army National Guard , and ROTC Cadets ) in military operations in mountainous areas . Graduates of these course receive the additional skill identifier of " E , " Military Mountaineer . The school ' s commander is Major Justin Davis . The school trains individual soldiers , not units . These soldiers then return to their units to provide at least some training and experience in mountain warfare throughout the U . S . Army . ROTC . It is very common for Army ROTC cadets to attend AMWS as a specialty school during ROTC . Cadets take the course during the summer as they are in school , and training during the school season . Other ROTC summer schools include : Airborne School , Air Assault School , Combat Diver Qualification Course , Drill Cadet Leadership Training , and Northern Warfare . References . Official website