naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Lawrence Johnston Major Lawrence Waterbury Johnston ( 1871 – 1958 ) was a garden designer and plantsman . He was the owner and designer of two influential gardens – Hidcote Manor Garden in Britain and Jardin Serre de la Madone in France . Biography . Lawrence Waterbury Johnston was born on 12 October 1871 in Paris , France , into a family of wealthy American East Coast stockbrokers from Baltimore . He was educated at home , and from 1893 in Britain at the University of Cambridge ( Trinity College ) . In January 1900 , not long after his graduation , he became a naturalised British subject , and he immediately joined the Imperial Yeomanry . In February he was posted to South Africa , where he fought in the second Boer war . He was commissioned in 1901 . It was at this time that he developed his interest in South African flora . In 1902 he joined the Northumberland Hussars – with whom he would serve in World War I . He attained the rank of major . In 1907 Johnston ' s mother ( now Mrs . Winthrop ) bought Hidcote Manor , an estate of some 300 acres , near Hidcote Bartram , in Britain ; and Johnston began a programme of 40 years ' work on its gardens . Here he combined a feeling for structure ( creating a surprising series of discrete spaces ) with a love of plants and a willingness to experiment with novel plant combinations . An enthusiastic plant collector , he sponsored or undertook several expeditions in Europe , Asia , Africa and South America to bring back rare specimens . In 1922 he went plant - hunting in the alps with Edward Augustus Bowles ; and in 1923 sponsored W . T . Goethe on a plant - hunting expedition to the Andes . He was a close friend of socialite garden designer Norah Lindsay , whose home was nearby in Sutton Courtenay Manor , Oxfordshire . In 1924 Johnston bought Serre de la Madone , near Menton , on the Mediterranean coast of France ; and from then on would spend most of the year at Menton and a few summer months at Hidcote . At Serre de la Madone he turned terraces of vines and olives into a garden bright with drifts of agapanthus and strelitzia . In 1926 Johnston sponsored Frank Kingdon - Ward on an expedition to Burma to collect seeds . In the same year his mother died , bequeathing to him the Hidcote estate . In 1927 he himself went plant hunting in South Africa , and in 1930 went to Yunnan , China . Until 1930 the gardens at Hidcote were known to most gardeners by hearsay only , but in that year two articles about them were published in " Country Life " magazine ; and in 1934 an account of them was broadcast by the garden - designer Russell Page . From 1945 Johnston spent more time at Serre de la Madone , and in 1948 the National Trust acquired Hidcote . Johnston died on 27 April 1958 . He is buried next to his mother in the churchyard at Mickleton , near Hidcote . He left his garden at Serre de la Madone , Menton to Nancy Lindsay , the daughter of Norah Lindsay , but she did not continue his work there as he had intended . A rose — the bright yellow semi - double climber " Lawrence Johnston " — bears his name .
Hans Collani Hans Collani ( 13 February 1908 – 29 July 1944 ) was a Standartenführer ( Colonel ) in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Hans Collani was born on the 13 February 1908 , in Stettin . His father was a career officer in the Infantry and held the rank of Oberst ( Colonel or Group Captain ) . ( His brother who was killed in action over France in World War II would achieve the same rank in the Luftwaffe ) After leaving school in 1931 , he worked in a merchant shipping office and travelled to Leningrad and Murmansk . He joined the NSDAP in 1932 and later joined the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) and then the Waffen SS . Assigned to the " Leibstandarte SS " Adolf Hitler " Regiment he served in the 1st Company from March 1933 and was promoted to Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) in October 1933 . He served as the Adjutant to the " LSSAH " commander Sepp Dietrich from February 1935 to November 1939 . World War II . He served in the Polish Campaign where he was awarded the Iron Cross II class in September 1939 , and the Battle of France . He also took part in the Invasions of the Balkans ( Operation Marita ) and the Soviet Union ( Operation Barbarossa ) where he was awarded the Eastern Front Medal . He was promoted to Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in March 1942 and awarded the Iron Cross I class in October . In February 1943 , he was transferred to command the III ( Finnish ) Battalion / SS Panzergrenadier Regiment " Norland " , 5th SS Panzer Division " Wiking " until July 1943 when the Finns returned home to Finland at the end of their contract . In the meantime he had in April 1943 , been promoted to Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant Colonel ) . In May 1943 , he was transferred to command the SS Panzergrenadier Regiment 49 " De Ruyter " which was in the 23rd SS Panzergrenadier Division " Nederland " . Hans Collani committed suicide when his command post was about to be overrun by the Red Army Leningrad Front on the Eastern Front in the Battle of Tannenberg Line on 29 July 1944 . He was awarded a posthumous Knight ' s Cross and promotion to Standartenführer ( Colonel ) for his bravery and leadership in the Narva battles in August 1944 .
20 . 3 cm SK C / 34 naval gun The 20 . 3 cm SK C / 34 was the main battery gun used on all German World War II heavy cruiser s . Description . These built - up gun s consisted of a rifled tube encased within an inner and outer jacket with a horizontal sliding breech block . The breech was sealed with an 18 kg ( 40 lb ) brass case containing 30 kg ( 66 lb ) of smokeless powder with a 160 gram ( 5 . 6 oz ) gunpowder igniter . A cloth bag containing an additional 21 kg ( 40 lb ) of smokeless powder and 380 grams ( 13 oz ) of gunpowder was loaded between the projectile and the brass case . Each gun could fire approximately five rounds per minute . Useful life expectancy was 510 effective full charge s ( EFC ) per barrel . Naval service . , , and each mounted eight of these guns in 248 - tonne Drh LC / 34 twin turrets with a maximum elevation of 37 degrees . Coast defence guns . The four turrets intended for the incomplete cruiser were installed as coastal artillery in France . The turrets A ( Anton ) and D ( Dora ) at Battery Karola on the Ile de Re ( 4 . / Marine Artillerie Abteilung 282 ) . And the turrets B ( Bruno ) and C ( Cäsar ) at Battery Seydlitz on the Ile de Croix ( 5 . / Marine Artillerie Abteilung 264 ) .
15 cm K ( E ) The 15 cm Kanone in Eisenbahnlafette ( gun on railroad mounting ) ( 15 cm K ( E ) ) was a German railroad gun used in the Second World War . It participated in the invasion of Belgium in 1940 , but spent most of the war on coast - defense duties . Design . This weapon was the first modern railroad gun to enter service with the Heer . The gun was mounted on a simple pivot mount on a ballrace on a well - base flatcar with four outriggers . In action the outriggers and their jacks would be dropped to stabilize the gun and absorb the firing recoil . In addition jacks locked the spring suspension , bore on the surface of the rails and screw clamps gripped the rails for more stability . The elderly " 15 cm Schnelladekanone L / 40 " was used because it was available in some numbers . Ammunition . The standard high explosive shell was the " 15 cm K Gr 18 " , a nose - fuzed round containing of TNT . An anti - concrete shell was also available , the " 15 cm Gr 19 Be " . It was a base - fuzed shell with a TNT filler of , with a rounded sheet - steel ballistic cap . A base propellant charge was combined with three increments to form three standard loadings , Small Load ( " Kleine Ladung " ) with a muzzle velocity of , Medium ( " Mittelere " ) with a muzzle velocity of and Large ( " Grosse " ) with a muzzle velocity of . Combat history . Two guns were damaged by premature detonations in their barrels on 20 May 1940 while bombarding Liège . They spent most of the war assigned to " Artillery Battery ( Artillerie - Batterie ) 655 ( E ) " in Belgium on coast - defense duties along the Channel coast . Note . Sources are contradictory on the gun used and numbers produced of this weapon . The most recent source , François , has been generally been followed , not least because he cites serial numbers . Do not confuse this gun with those of " Naval Artillery Battery ( Marine - Artillerie - Batterie ) " Gneisenau " " that used a slightly more modern " 15 cm SK L / 45 " gun with a gun shield .
Mai Nayak Bhandari Ram Nayak was a Bhandari admiral in the navy of Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj , and helped to lead the formation of the Maratha Empire . Along with Daria Sarang , another admiral who served Maharaj , Bhandari commanded a naval fleet of 200 ships . Their official titles of Mai Nayak Bhandari and Daria Sarang translate to Water Leader and Sea Captain , respectively . The Maratha Navy was the forerunner of India ' s present - day Coast Guard . A memorial has been built to Ram Nayak Bhandari at Bhatye Village , close to Ratnagiri town . Shivaji Maharaj ' s Naval Conquests . In April 1672 , Shivaji had an eye upon the rocky Islands of Underi and Khanderi , two sister islands about 11 miles south of Bombay and 30 miles north of Janjira . They were also known as " Hennery " and " Kennery " , respectively . On 15 September , 150 men under Mai Nayak sailed towards Khanderi . The Deputy Governor of Bombay , under British rule , asked Mai Nayak to leave the island alone , as it belonged to Bombay . However , the Maratha fleet paid no heed to the English demand . The English decided to invite the help of the fleet under Daulat Khan to oppose the Maratha fleet , if it tried to protect the fortifications . Both the English and the Siddhi fleets appeared there to prevent the takeover by the Marathas , and Shivaji stopped the fortification . But , later on , in August 1679 , Shivaji renewed the project , and commenced fortifying the island of Khanderi . By 15 September , his admiral , known as the Mai Nayak , took possession of the Khanderi island with four small guns . However , a sea - battle was fought on 18 October 1679 between Shivaji ' s fleet and the English fleet ; with the assistance of Siddhi Johar , the English were successful in bombarding Khanderi . It was the British view that Shivaji ' s occupation would hamper the Portuguese presence in Bassein .
USS Rizal ( DD - 174 ) USS " Rizal " ( DD – 174 ) was a " Wickes " class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for José Rizal , a Philippine patriot . History . " Rizal " , donated to the United States by resolution of the Philippine legislature , was laid down on 26 June 1918 by Union Iron Works , San Francisco , California ; launched on 21 September 1918 , sponsored by Mrs . Sofia R . de Veyra ; and commissioned on 28 May 1919 , with Commander Edmund S . Root in command . Joining the Pacific Fleet upon commissioning , " Rizal " cruised along the United States west coast into 1920 on exercises and training duty . Subsequently modified for service as a light minelayer , she was classified DM - 14 on 17 July 1920 . " Rizal " departed San Diego 25 March 1920 for the Far East . Calling at Honolulu , Midway , and Guam , " Rizal " arrived Cavite , Philippine Islands , on 1 May 1920 to assume the duties of flagship of the Mine Detachment Division of the Asiatic Fleet . With Filipinos constituting the majority of her crew , " Rizal " remained on the Asiatic Station for 10 years . She spent long months anchored in Chinese ports during the spring , summer , and autumn months . Her most frequent ports of call were Shanghai , Chefoo , Chinwangtao , and Hong Kong . " Rizal " cruised eastward to Apra Harbor , Guam , during November 1928 , and visited Yokohama , Japan , from 11 to 20 April 1929 . " Rizal " spent each winter generally from November through March , anchored in Manila Bay . She was docked annually at Olongapo and upon resuming active service each spring operated in Philippine waters . Ordered home late in 1930 , " Rizal " departed Manila on 11 December 1930 for Guam , Honolulu , and San Diego . She decommissioned on 20 August 1931 at San Diego and was towed northward to Mare Island on 31 August 1931 by the minesweeper " Tern " ( AM - 31 ) to be placed in reserve . Struck from the Navy list on 11 November 1931 , " Rizal " was dismantled and her materials were sold 25 February 1932 for scrapping in accordance with the provisions of the London Naval Treaty for the reduction and limitation of naval armament . No other ship in the United States Navy has borne this name .
Battle of Orchomenus The Battle of Orchomenus was fought in 85 BC between Rome and the forces of Mithridates VI of Pontus . The Roman army was led by Lucius Cornelius Sulla , while Mithridates ' army was led by Archelaus . The Roman force was victorious , and Archelaus later defected to Rome . Information on the battle is included in Plutarch ' s Life of Sulla , chapters 20 - 21 . Background . After his victory over Archelaus at Chaeronea , Sulla set out for Thessaly to meet the consul Flaccus coming from Italy ( although Sulla was unaware he had been sent to attack him , not to join with him ) . On the way , he heard reports that Dorylaeus had landed at Chalcis with a sizeable fleet transporting eighty thousand of Mithridates ' best troops to reinforce Archelaus . Dorylaeus wanted to tempt Sulla to fight as soon as possible , and Sulla cooperated by abruptly turning around to meet this new threat . After a skirmish with Sulla ' s troops , Dorylaeus began to rethink the idea of giving battle and instead promoted a strategy to wear the enemy down . On the other hand , Archelaus ' confidence was raised by the flat terrain around their camp at Orchomenus , which favored their superior cavalry . Battle . While Archelaus let his men relax after taking their positions , Sulla set his men to work building trenches which he hoped would cut Archelaus ' cavalry off from the plains and move the fighting to more boggy areas . Archelaus recognized Sulla ' s strategy , and launched several attacks on the workers and the soldiers sent to protect them . In one of these , Archelaus ' stepson Diogenese distinguished himself in a valiant attack where he died gloriously . In Archelaus ' final attack , Sulla routed his troops and carried his camp . Plutarch says that so many men died that the marshes ran with blood , and almost two hundred years later weapons were still found sticking out of the marshes . After the battle , he destroyed three Boeotian towns : Anthedon , Darymna , and Halae . Later , upon meeting fisherman from Halae who gifted him fish , Sulla told them he was surprised there were any of them left , but let them go and told them not to worry . As a result of this incident , the people of Halae were inspired to repopulate their town . Aftermath . While Sulla was away fighting Mithridates , Rome was suffering from civil disorder at the hands of the two consuls of 85 BC , Cinna and Carbo , prompting eminent members of society to flee to Sulla ' s camp , including his wife Metella and their children . Sulla tried to use his victory at the Battle of Orchomenus to bring about peace with Mithridates so that he could return home , and though Sulla ' s peace terms were not immediately accepted , Archelaus eventually managed to broker a peace between Sulla and Mithridates . After Fimbria ' s troops defected to Sulla ( originally the troops of Flaccus , who Fimbria had led a revolt against ) , Fimbria committed suicide and Sulla ' s was able to wrap up his affairs in Greece and Asia Minor , and return to Italy .
Cerberus - class monitor " Cerberus " class monitors were a class of breastwork monitor s constructed in the late 19th century for the Royal Navy . Design . Also referred to as " ironclads " and " turret ship s " , the ships of the " Cerberus " class were designed by Sir Edward Reed following requests by several dominions and colonies of the British Empire for warships to be used as coastal defence ship s . The class consisted of two ships : , which was operated by the colony of Victoria , and , which spent her life operating in Bombay Harbour . The size of the ships was limited by cost . They were designed and built to be used as local defence ships , and it was not expected that they would ever need to be deployed far away from their bases . It was therefore possible to design them without sails or rigging and dependent only upon their engines , with a resulting limitation in their effective range . The absence of masts and rigging allowed more weight to be worked into the ship ' s armour . This also meant it was possible to arm the ships with two gun turret s , one fore and one aft , which had wholly unobstructed fields of fire over the bow and stern , and on wide arcs amidships . The turrets were mounted on the upper deck and hence had a greater height above water and a correspondingly greater command than guns mounted on the main deck . The turret armament provided an additional advantage of allowing the ships to have a low freeboard . This increased the steadiness of the ship and allowed the hull armour to be applied more thickly over a more limited height of exposed hull .
Hirano Nagayasu Hirano Nagayasu ( 平野長泰 ) ( 1559 – 1628 ) was a samurai retainer to Japanese warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Azuchi - Momoyama period of the 17th century . He was known as one of the " Seven Spears of Shizugatake " . He fought alongside the Eastern Army at the Battle of Sekigahara , and changed sides once again , requesting to serve under the Toyotomi clan in the siege of Osaka fifteen years later , but was denied . Nagayasu became a " hatamoto " in the Edo period .
210th Battalion ( Frontiersmen ) , CEF The 210th ( Frontiersmen ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , the unit was raised by the local Legion of Frontiersmen in early 1916 in that city and surrounding district . After sailing to England in April 1917 , the battalion was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on April 22 , 1917 . The 210th ( Frontiersmen ) Battalion , CEF had one Commanding Officer : Lieut - Col . W . E . Seaborn . The Battalion was awarded the Battle Honour " Honour of the Great War " . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
. 38 S & W The . 38 S & W is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson in 1877 . Though similar in name , it is not interchangeable with the later . 38 Smith and Wesson Special due to a different case shape and slightly larger bullet diameter . The British military adopted a loading of this cartridge as the Cartridge , S . A . , Revolver Ball , 380 in , MkI . 38 - 200 , with the " 200 " referring to the weight of the bullet in grains . In 1937 , this cartridge was replaced in British Service by the Cartridge , S . A . , Revolver Ball , 380 in , MkII . The main difference between it and the previous round was that that it had a 178 gn . FMJ bullet . U . S . Variants . The . 38 Colt New Police was Colt ' s Manufacturing Company ' s proprietary name for what was essentially the . 38 S & W with a flat - nosed bullet . The U . S . . 38 S & W Super Police cartridge was nearly identical to the British . 38 / 200 Mk I , using a 200 grain ( 13 g ) lead alloy bullet with a muzzle velocity of 630 ft / s ( 189 m / s ) and a muzzle energy of 176 ft · lbf ( 239 J ) , and was supplied by several U . S . manufacturers to the British government as equivalent to the Mk I loading . The . 38 S & W is also called the . 380 Rim and . 38 S & W Corto . Current Status . Currently no revolvers are made in this caliber , and only a few companies still manufacture ammunition . The majority that do offer it in only a 145 grain Lead Round Nose bullet , though Fiocchi still markets FMJ rounds . Some companies such as Buffalo Bore manufacture self - defense or hunting variants .
USS Lancaster ( ID - 2953 ) USS " Lancaster " ( ID - 2953 ) was a commercial cargo ship acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War I . She served the war effort by carrying cargo across the Atlantic Ocean , and , at war ’ s end , bringing home the troops . Built at Chester , Pennsylvania . The second ship to be so named by the Navy , " Lancaster " , a cargo ship , was launched 5 May 1918 by Sun Shipbuilding Co . , Chester , Pennsylvania ; acquired by the Navy 19 June 1918 ; and commissioned at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , the same day , Lt . Comdr . D . R . Fleming in command . World War I service . Assigned to the Naval transportation service ( NOTS ) , " Lancaster " departed New York City 13 July with cargo for South American ports . Arriving Buenos Aires , Argentina , 10 days later , she discharged her cargo and proceeded to Marseilles , France , where she arrived 28 October . After the Armistice was signed 11 November , " Lancaster " returned to New York City the following month to join the Cruiser Transport Force 17 December . Troopship assignment . " Lancaster " together with other units of the Cruiser Transport Force was assigned the task of returning World War I veterans from Europe to the United States . The force returned over 85 percent of the veterans during the period from November 1918 to July 1919 . Post - war dispositioning . Completing her service , " Lancaster " decommissioned 4 October 1919 and was returned to the United States Shipping Board ( USSB ) the same day .
23rd Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The Royal Saxon 23rd Reserve Division ( " Kgl . Sächsische 23 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of the XII ( Royal Saxon ) Reserve Corps . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was raised in the Kingdom of Saxony . Combat chronicle . The 23rd Reserve Division fought on the Western Front , participating in the opening German offensive which led to the Allied Great Retreat and ended with the First Battle of the Marne . Thereafter , the division remained in the line in the Champagne region through the end of 1914 and until July 1916 , and fought in the Second Battle of Champagne in the autumn of 1915 . In late July 1916 , the division entered the Battle of the Somme . It remained in the Somme , Artois and Flanders regions thereafter . After a brief rest in April 1917 , the division went into the line on the Yser . Its sister division in the Royal Saxon XII Reserve Corps , the 24th Reserve Division , was sent to the Eastern Front at the end of April . The 23rd Reserve Division remained in Flanders , and faced the British in the Battle of Passchendaele . In October 1917 , after the heavy fighting in Flanders , the division was sent to the Eastern Front , arriving in November . It was on the line facing the Russians when the armistice on the Eastern Front went into effect . The division then went to Latvia and after a few months of fighting occupied the area between the Daugava River and Lake Peipus . In March 1918 , the division returned to the Western Front and was deployed in Flanders and the Artois . It then participated in the 1918 German Spring Offensive and remained in the line in the Flanders area until the end of the war . Allied intelligence rated the division as third class . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 23rd Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on March 20 , 1918 . The 23rd Reserve Division was triangularized in December 1916 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion . The order of battle on March 20 , 1918 was as follows :