naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bruno Sutkus Bruno Sutkus ( lith . " Bronius Sutkus " , 14 May 1924 – 29 August 2003 ) was a Lithuanian - German sniper in the 68th Infantry Division of the German Army , on the Eastern Front of World War II , and was credited with 209 kills . Every kill was recorded in an individual " sniper ' s book " and had to be confirmed by at least one observer and authenticated by the battalion commander . Facsimile copies of various diary pages are reproduced in Sutkus ' memoir . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Sutkus held lectures for Lithuanian soldiers and presented his wartime records to Lithuanian officers . Sutkus was born in Tannenwalde , then a suburb of Königsberg , East Prussia . His father was Lithuanian , which meant that Sutkus was not automatically German , German nationality had to be applied for . Since no application was made he remained officially Stateless until 1941 when he became a naturalized German . He joined the Hitler Youth in 1938 , achieving the rank of a Scharführer . When he was 18 years old he became a member of the SA , where his shooting skills were acknowledged , and he was given a rifle to take home and practise marksmanship . Sutkus trained as a sniper from August 1943 through the end of December 1943 at the Sniper School Vilnius , before being assigned to the 196th Grenadier Regiment of the 68th Infantry Division . In January 1945 while recovering from a wound he was promoted and informed that he had been appointed as an instructor at a sniper school . In his autobiography , Sutkus describes that after the war he came into contact with the Lithuanian resistance ( cf . Forest Brothers ) , how he was captured and severely tortured by the KGB . He was in possession of forged documents declaring him to be Stateless and of having worked throughout the war as a farm labourer , but knew the Russians suspected him of having served in the Wehrmacht as a sniper . So Sutkus decided to stay together with several Lithuanians he knew who were deported to Siberia for forced labor , partly to escape Soviet attentions , and expecting deportation anyway . By the time the Russians had the evidence to try him for the war crime of being a sniper , West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer had negotiated amnesties for many Germans being detained in the Soviet Union . He worked on collectives , in the Taiga forests and down the pits at Sheernkov from 1949 until 1971 when he was allowed to relocate to Vilnius . Sutkus went into voluntary banishment to accompany a Lithuanian woman , Antoniena , ( d . 1995 ) nineteen years his senior , who had been linked to the Resistance . He had a son , Vytautas , by her in 1951 . In 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union , Sutkus , now Lithuanian after having been forced to accept Soviet citizenship , visited Germany . In 1994 he received a certificate of German citizenship and passport , and relocated to Germany in 1997 . Memorable quotation . Sutkus quoted two members of the Lithuanian resistance who tried to persuade him not to join their ranks ( Diary of a sniper , page 75 ) :
Battle of Bloody Brook The Battle of Bloody Brook was fought on September 12 , 1675 between English colonial militia from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a band of Indians led by the Nipmuc sachem Muttawmp . The Indians ambushed colonists escorting a train of wagons carrying the harvest from Deerfield to Hadley during King Philip ' s War . They killed at least 40 militia men and 17 teamsters out of a company that included 79 militia .
7th Engineer Support Battalion The 7th Engineer Support Battalion ( 7th ESB ) is an engineering support unit of the United States Marine Corps and is headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , California . The unit falls under the command of 1st Marine Logistics Group and the I Marine Expeditionary Force . Mission statement . Provide general engineering support of an expeditionary nature to the Marine Expeditionary Force ( MEF ) , to include mobility , counter mobility and survivability enhancements , Explosive Ordnance Disposal ( EOD ) , and general supply support to include the handling , storage and distribution of bulk water and fuel . History . 7th ESB provided engineering support to the 6th Marine Regiment throughout the initial breach of the Taliban stronghold of Marjah in the Helmand province Afghanistan during Operation Moshtarak in early 2010 . Awards . * Southwest Asia Service Medal Streamer with two Bronze Stars
Slow match Slow match or match cord is the very slow burning cord or twine fuse used by early gunpowder musketeers , artillerymen , and soldiers to ignite matchlock musket s , cannon s , and petard s . Slow matches were most suitable for use around black - powder weapons because a slow match could be roughly handled without going out , and only presented a small glowing tip instead of a large flame that risked igniting nearby gunpowder . The slow match attached to the lock of the matchlock gun was usually a length of hemp or flax cord that had been chemically treated to make it burn slowly and consistently for an extended period . In Japan , however , match cord was made from braiding together strands of bark from the Japanese cypress . The rate of burning was approximately 1 ft ( 305mm ) per hour . The British Army estimated that a single soldier on guard duty , for one year , could use an entire mile worth of match cord . In practical use on a matchlock , both ends of the match cord were often ignited , as the flash of gunpowder in the flash pan could often extinguish one end of the match cord , and the remaining end could then be used to re - ignite the firing end of the cord upon reloading the matchlock musket . To prevent dragging the match cord on the wet ground , a linstock was often carried and used , it being a forked wood support inserted into the ground and used for holding the end of the match cord farthest removed from the matchlock . Many formulas for match cord exist , providing varying burn rates . The predominant chemical used was potassium nitrate , although sodium nitrate , and lead acetate also appear to have been used . Potassium nitrate , however , had an advantage over sodium nitrate , through being less likely to absorb atmospheric moisture . Match cord was often used from the 15th century until about 1630 , when the flintlock started its rise to prominence . ( The arrival of the snaplock after 1540 had only limited impact on match cord use , snaplocks generally being considered a peasant ' s weapon . ) Match cord remained in use with limited numbers of match locks in Europe until approximately 1730 , and in Japan until the early 1900s . Even once it became obsolete for small arms use , some artillery users ( notably the Royal Navy ) continued to deploy it as a back - up until the end of the flintlock era . Modern - day slow match ( used with replica matchlock firearms ) is sometimes made of cotton cord , instead of hemp , due to legalities associated with growing hemp plants . For faster burning and modern - day applications such as for igniting fireworks , tubed black match , sometimes termed quick match , or punk are generally used instead of slow match .
Dolinsk - Sokol Dolinsk - Sokol ( appearing in various forms as Sokol , Dolinsk - Sokol , Dolinsk Sokol , Solok [ sic ] ) is a military air base in Sakhalin Oblast , Russia located 8 km south of Dolinsk . It is a small base with no hardened areas . It existed before June 1966 according to declassified KH - 7 satellite images . Its chief operating unit was 365 IAP ( 365th Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) , flying the Su - 15 , MiG - 23 , and Su - 27 during its 40 years of tenure . In the 1980s it received the MiG - 31 . It is also listed as being home to 361 IIVP ( 361st Instruction Test Helicopter Regiment ) flying Mi - 24 and Mi - 8 helicopters . Dolinsk - Sokol is famous for being home to the Sukhoi Su - 15 that shot down Korean Air Flight 007 near Moneron Island in September 1983 . At that time , base commander was General Anatoly Kornukov , who later become Commander of the Russian Air Force . At the time of the shootdown , Kornukov apparently ordered the shootdown to prevent KAL 007 from leaving Sakhalin airspace .
CEA Technologies CEA Technologies is an Australian defence contractor . The company was established in 1983 . History . CEA Technologies was established in 1983 , founded by two retired Royal Australia Navy ( RAN ) personnel , Ian Croser and David Gaul . Employing over 260 employees , it is Australia ’ s largest majority owned Defence Company . CEA specialises in the design , development and manufacture of radar and communications systems for civil and military applications . Products and services . CEA researches , develops , and manufactures Company information . Location . The head office ( headquarters ) of CEA Technologies is located in Fyshwick , Australian Capital Territory . Currently the head office is located in three separate but linked buildings , CEA is expanding to build a fourth building on the adjacent block . Structure . Approximately one third of the staff are engineers covering all necessary disciplines needed to design and develop leading edge radar and military grade communications products . A skilled production group produce printed circuit board ( PCB ) assemblies and mechanical assemblies in small to medium production runs . Facilities . In addition to the administration and engineering offices and laboratories , the buildings also house a small manufacturing and assembly facility , and an indoor antenna test facility ( ATF ) . A mobile outdoor antenna test facility is used to support field testing and proving of radar and antenna systems . CEA also has facilities / offices in Adelaide , South Australia , Melbourne , Victoria , Perth , Western Australia , and San Diego , California . Major programs . CEA is providing the CEAFAR Active Phased Array Radar and CEAMOUNT Active Phased Array Illuminator as part of the Anti - Ship Missile Defense ( ASMD ) upgrade to the RAN ' s ANZAC class frigate . It is listed as one of the Top 30 Defence Material Organisation ( DMO ) projects . CEA has provided integrated communications systems to the Armidale class patrol boat . CEA originally supplied and now supports vessel traffic service systems to several sites around Australia and internationally .
Eberhard von Mackensen Friedrich August Eberhard von Mackensen ( 24 September 1889 – 19 May 1969 ) was a German general who served in World War II , and one of 882 German recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Early years . Eberhard was born in Bromberg ( Bydgoszcz ) in the Province of Posen , the son of August von Mackensen . Mackensen entered the German Army in 1908 . Mackensen entered World War I as a lieutenant . After being wounded in 1915 , Mackensen was given a staff job . In 1919 he joined the Freikorps and fought in Balticum . After the armistice , Mackensen remained in the German Army and by 1934 had risen to the rank of colonel . In 1935 , Mackensen was appointed chief of staff to the X Army Corps and in 1937 he was given command of a cavalry brigade . He was promoted to major general in 1938 . In May 1939 Mackensen , was made chief of staff of Wilhelm List . World War II . At the beginning of World War II , Mackensen served as the chief of staff of the German 14th Army in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 . Later , he was made chief of staff of the 12th Army and fought in France . On 1 January 1940 he was promoted to lieutenant general and eight months later to " General der Kavallerie " . In January 1941 he was made commanding general of the III Army Corps in Army Group South . When in November 1942 General Paul Ewald von Kleist was given the command of Army Group A , Mackensen took up command of the First Panzer Army which he led in the Third Battle of Kharkov in March 1943 . Italy . Promoted to colonel general in 1943 , Mackensen was sent to Italy as commander of the 14th Army which he led until June 1944 . In March of that year , Mackensen was the first senior officer to be informed by Kurt Mälzer of a partisan attack in Rome against the SS Police Regiment Bozen . Mälzer had requested the immediate round - up and summary execution of Italian residents of the " Via Rasella " , where the attack had occurred , to which Mackensen stated was " excessive " . The matter was then referred to Albert Kesselring , who discussed the issue with Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel . The resulting orders called for the execution of ten Italians for every German soldier killed , eventually leading to the Ardeatine massacre . Army units under Mackensen ' s command , along with members of the Bozen Police Regiment themselves , reportedly refused to participate in the execution ; in the end , the job fell to the SS Security services in Rome , under the command of Herbert Kappler . Retirement . Eberhard von Mackensen retired from active service in the summer of 1944 . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross to which the Oak Leaf device was later added . Post war . After the German capitulation in 1945 , Mackensen became a prisoner of war . In 1947 he was arrested and tried as a war criminal and sentenced to death . The sentence was commuted to 21 years imprisonment , but he was released in 1952 . Mackensen died near Nortorf in 1969 .
HMS Bassingham ( M2605 ) HMS " Bassingham " was one of 93 ships of the of inshore minesweepers , of which ( M2601 ) was the first . Their names were all chosen from villages ending in - ham . The minesweeper was named after Bassingham in Lincolnshire . She was built by Vospers Ltd . of Portsmouth , which later became Vosper - Thorneycroft and was commissioned in October 1953 . She displaced 164 tons fully laden and was armed with one 40 mm Bofors gun . The engines of this class were Paxman Diesels , some of which were built under licence by Ruston and Hornsby of Lincoln . The class was designed to operate in the shallow water of rivers and estuaries . She was 32 . 5 metres long overall by 6 . 4 metres beam . Jane ' s and the " Bassingham " website are not consistent about the building material . Jane ' s says the Ham class , numbered in the 2601 series was of wood . According to the web site , " Bassingham " was of composite wood and " non - metallic material " construction but Jane ' s 1953 says that the composite vessels were numbered in the 2001 series and named after places ending in - ley ( ) . It seems likely that policy changed after Jane ' s 1953 - 4 was published . Service history . Initially based at Plymouth , in December 1954 she joined the 232nd Minesweeping Squadron of the Inshore Flotilla based at Harwich , Essex . In 1956 " Bassingham " sailed to the Mediterranean Sea to take part in operations in Egypt during the Suez Crisis . Subsequently she was transferred to the Royal East African Navy , based in Mombasa , Kenya . After two years , she returned to Royal Navy service . She was eventually sold to Pounds shipbreaking yard in Portsmouth in 1966 , remaining there for the next 14 years , being used to provide spare parts for other ships of her class until she was broken up in late 1980 .
ARA Garibaldi ARA " Garibaldi " was the lead ship of her class of armoured cruiser for the Argentine Navy . The ship was built in Italy and is considered part of the Italian . The ship was launched on 27 May 1895 and served the Argentine Navy until she was stricken on 20 March 1934 .
Donnchadh IV , Earl of Fife Donnchadh IV , Earl of Fife [ Duncan IV ] ( 1289 – 1353 ) was sometime Guardian of Scotland , and ruled Fife until his death . He was the last of the native Scottish rulers of that province . He was born in late 1289 , the same year as his father Donnchadh III ' s murder . He therefore came into the Mormaer dom as a baby . He was so young that the honour of crowning John Balliol – normally the hereditary right of the Mormaer of Fife – was delegated to a knight , namely Sir John de St . John . He also missed the crowning of Robert I , owing to his captivity in England . Robert was forced to call upon Donnchadh ' s sister , Isabella , to officiate in his absence . His initial support for Robert has been doubted , but in 1315 , a year after the Battle of Bannockburn , he resigned his Mormaerdom to King Robert for a regrant . The agreement with Robert ensured that the Mormaerdom would not be held by the king , and that the arms of Fife should always be unique from the similar royal arms . If Donnchadh were to die childless , King Robert would grant it to someone , by default Alan of Menteith . This was because Donnchadh ' s wife was in the custody of the English , and there was obviously some pressure from the men of Fife to retain their own regional ruler . He was present at the negotiations which led to the Treaty of Edinburgh , and a signatory to the Declaration of Arbroath . The Earl of Fife fought with the Regent Moray at the Battle of Dupplin Moor where , he being made prisoner , changed sides and , with William Sinclair , Bishop of Dunkeld , a great adherent of Robert the Bruce , crowned Edward Balliol King of Scots at Scone on September 24 , 1332 . The following year , on July 19 , 1333 , he fought with the Scottish army at the Battle of Halidon Hill , when he was again captured . In 1306 , Donnchadh married Mary de Monthermer , a granddaughter of Edward I of England . He died with no male heirs . He is important because he was the last male Gaelic ruler of Fife . When he died in 1353 , he was succeeded in his mormaerdom by his daughter Isabella , who married four times : Isabella signed the Earldom of Fife over to Robert Stewart , 1st Duke of Albany in 1371 .
Non - combatant Non - combatant is a term in the law of war describing civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities , persons – such as medical personnel and military chaplain s – who are members of the armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties ( as described in Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions , adopted in June 1977 ) ; and combatants who are " hors de combat " ( " outside the fight " ) ; that is , sick , wounded , detained , or otherwise disabled . Article 50 Protocol I defines a civilian as a person who is not a privileged combatant . Article 51 describes the protection that must be given to civilians ( unless they are unprivileged combatant s ) and civilian populations . Chapter III of Protocol I regulates the targeting of civilian objects . Article 8 ( 2 ) ( b ) ( i ) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court also prohibits attacks directed against civilians . Not all states have ratified Protocol I or the Rome Statute , but it is an accepted principle of international humanitarian law that the direct targeting of civilians is a breach of the customary laws of war and is binding on all belligerent s . Article 3 in the general section of the Geneva Conventions states that in the case of armed conflict not of an international character ( occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties ) that each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply , as a minimum , the following provisions to non - combatants : They shall in all circumstances be treated humanely , with the following prohibitions :
Thomas Moore ( Congressman ) Thomas Moore ( 1759 – July 11 , 1822 ) was a member of the United State House of Representatives and planter from South Carolina . Born in Spartanburg District , South Carolina , Moore served in the during the Revolutionary War , taking part in the Battle of Cowpens at the age of 16 . He served in the South Carolina House of Representatives to 1794 to 1799 . In 1800 , he was elected a Democratic - Republican to the seventh congress , serving from 1801 to 1813 . He served as a brigadier general in the War of 1812 and afterwards engaged in planting . Moore was one of the founders of the first high schools in Spartanburg District . In 1814 , he was elected to the Fourteenth Congress , serving again from 1815 to 1817 . Afterwards , he resumed engaging in agricultural pursuits . He died in Moores Station , South Carolina , in 1822 and was interred in Moore ' s Burying Ground . According to one source , he was the brother of the legendary heroine of Cowpens , Kate Barry .
Ministry of Defence ( Croatia ) The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia ( or MORH ) is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of the nation ' s military . The ministry was established in 1990 . Structure . Elements in the ministry ' s structure are :
Battle of Nöteborg ( 1656 ) The battle of Nöteborg in July 1656 was a naval battle between 250 smaller Russian ships , who had surrounded the city Nöteborg , and 50 smaller Swedish ships under the command of Carl Gustaf Wrangel during the Russo - Swedish War ( 1656 – 58 ) . Few details are known , but it was a Swedish victory .
Ross Macpherson Smith Sir Ross Macpherson Smith ( 4 December 1892 – 13 April 1922 ) was an Australian aviator , who , along with his brother , Sir Keith Macpherson Smith , became the first pilots to fly from England to Australia , in 1919 . His father migrated to Western Australia from Scotland and became a pastoralist in South Australia . His mother was born near New Norcia , Western Australia , the daughter of a pioneer from Scotland . The boys boarded in Adelaide , at Queen ' s School and for two years , in Scotland . He enlisted in 1914 in the 3rd Light Horse Regiment , landing at Gallipoli 13 May 1915 . In 1917 , he volunteered for the Australian Flying Corps . He was later twice awarded the Military Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross three times , becoming and air ace with 11 confirmed aerial victories . Smith was pilot for T . E . Lawrence ( Lawrence of Arabia ) and fought in aerial combat missions in the MIddle East . He is mentioned several times in Lawrence ' s book , Seven Pillars of Wisdom , Chapter 114 . In 1919 , he and brother Keith , Sergeant Jim Bennett and Sergeant Wally Shiers flew from Hounslow Heath Aerodrome , England , on 12 November 1919 in a Vickers Vimy , eventually landing in Darwin Australia on 10 December , taking less than 28 days , with actual flying time of 135 hours . The four men shared the £10 , 000 prize money put forward by the Australian government . Ross Smith was killed ( along with recently commissioned Lieutenant Bennett ) while testing a Vickers Viking amphibian aircraft which crashed in Byfleet soon after taking off from Brooklands on 13 April 1922 . The bodies were transported to Australia and Smith was given a state funeral and later buried on 15 June at the North Road Cemetery , Adelaide . The great Australian cricketer Keith Ross Miller was named after Smith and his brother .