naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Adamclisi The Battle of Adamclisi was a major battle in the Dacian Wars , fought in the winter of 101 to 102 between the Roman Empire and the Dacians near Adamclisi , in modern Romania . Background . After the victory of Second Battle of Tapae , Emperor Trajan decided to wait until spring to continue his offensive on Sarmizegetusa , the capital of Dacia . The Dacian king Decebalus benefited from this , and made out a plan along with the neighboring allied tribes of the Roxolans and Bastarnae , to attack south of the Danube , in the Roman province of Moesia , in an attempt to force the Romans to leave their positions in the mountains near Sarmizegetusa . The battle . The Dacian army , together with the Roxolani and the Bastarnae , crossed the frozen Danube , but because the weather wasn ’ t cold enough , the ice broke under their weight , causing many to die in the frozen water . Trajan moved his army from the mountains , following the Dacians into Moesia . A first battle was fought at night somewhere near the town of Nicopole , a battle with little casualties on both sides and with no crucial result . However as the Romans received reinforcements , they were able to corner the Daco - Sarmatian army . The decisive battle was fought at Adamclisi , a difficult battle for both the Dacians and the Romans . Even if the outcome of the battle was a decisive Roman victory , both sides suffered very heavy casualties . Aftermath . After the battle , Trajan advanced to Sarmizegetusa , Decebalus requesting a truce . Trajan agreed to the peace offerings . This time the peace was favorable to the Roman Empire : Decebalus must yield the territories occupied by the Roman army , and he must give back the Romans all the weapons and war machines received after 89 , when the Romans under Domitian were forced to pay an annual gift to the Dacians . Decebalus was obliged to reconsider his foreign policies , and “ to have friends and enemies the friends and enemies of the Roman Empire ” , as described by Dio Cassius . After the conquest of Dacia following the 105 - 106 war , Trajan built in memory of the battle , the Tropaeum Traiani at Adamclisi in 109 .
Dunvegan Castle Dunvegan Castle is a castle a mile and a half to the north of Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye , situated off the West coast of Scotland . It is the seat of the MacLeod of MacLeod , chief of the Clan MacLeod . Dunvegan Castle is the oldest continuously inhabited castle in Scotland and has been the stronghold of the chiefs of the clan for 800 years . History . 13th century . A curtain wall was built round the hill in the 13th century around a former Norse fort which was only accessible through a sea gate . 14th century . A castle was constructed within the curtain wall by Malcolm MacLeod in about 1350 .
James Anderson ( Royal Navy officer ) James Anderson ( September 1765 – 30 December 1835 ) , was an officer of the Royal Navy , who rose to the rank of captain . Biography . James Anderson served through the American War of Independence as a midshipman , and after the end of the war , joined the colonial service in the West Indies . He married Jane Anne Thornhill in September 1790 , and rejoined the navy in 1793 with the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars , and was made lieutenant . He was promoted to commander in 1806 , and spent some years as agent of transports , after which he commanded the brig - sloop , operating in the English Channel against privateer s . He became the senior officer on the coast between Calais and Boulogne in 1811 , until being promoted to post - captain in 1812 . In August 1814 Anderson was appointed to the 74 - gun , and sent out with stores to Quebec , where he was ordered to dismantle the rigging and remove her guns , sending them on to the forces on the Great Lakes . He was then to winter at Quebec . The ship was old and rotten , badly manned , and inadequately equipped ; and Captain Anderson , judging that it was impossible to stay at Quebec without sacrificing the ship , returned to England ; on the charge of this action being contrary to his orders , he was tried by court martial . Lord Melville , then First Lord of the Admiralty , criticised Anderson ' s decision , telling him that " If Canada fall , it will be entirely owing to your not wintering the Zealous at Quebec " ; to which Anderson replied : " I rather think it will be in consequence of proper supplies , in proper ships , not having been sent out there at a proper season of the year " . Naval historian John Knox Laughton read into Melville ' s response the intention to sacrifice " Zealous " in order to provide an excuse should British forces in Canada suffer a defeat , and was not pleased with Anderson ' s thwarting his plan . Anderson was acquitted of the charges at the court martial , but due to the drawdown of the navy in 1815 after the end of the Napoleonic Wars , he did not serve again at sea . Works . Anderson engaged in various scientific and literary pursuits , and was said to have contributed several articles to magazines , though the only one he signed was " Some Observations on the Peculiarity of the Tides between Fairleigh and Dungeness " , which was published in the " Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society " in 1819 . He died on 30 December 1835 .
Erwin Vierow General Erwin Vierow ( 15 May 1890 - 1 February 1982 ) was an infantry General in the German army who was the commander of German forces in northwest France during World War II . Career . He joined the Imperial German Army in 1908 . During World War I he was an officer in the infantry serving as an adjutant . In 1915 he was promoted to leutnant , he was wounded May 1916 and in 1917 he was promoted to Hauptmann . Between the wars he served on the General Staff of the Reichswehr and in the infantry and by the outbreak of World War II he had reached the rank of Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht . In August 1940 was appointed as commander of the 9th Infantry Division . In January 1941 was promoted to General of the Infantry . Serving on the Eastern Front as commander of 55th Army Corps he became the military commandant of the city of Kharkov upon its capture on 24 October 1941 . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on November 15 , 1941 . On 1 July 1943 he was appointed commander of the army in northwest France , covering the regions of Laon , Orléans and Rouen and held this command until September 1944 when he was appointed chief of the ad hoc ‘ General Command Somme ’ . He held this post until he was captured by the British . He was then held in the Camp Clinton Prisoner - of - war camp in Mississippi , United States . He died aged 91 .
Alton W . Knappenberger Alton Warren Knappenberger ( December 31 , 1923 – June 9 , 2008 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Knappenberger joined the Army from Spring Mount , Pennsylvania in March 1943 , and by February 1 , 1944 was serving as a private first class in the 30th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division . On that day , during the Battle of Cisterna in Italy , Knappenberger held an exposed position alone and harassed the attacking Germans with his automatic rifle until he ran out of ammunition . For his actions during the battle , he was issued the Medal of Honor three months later , on May 26 , 1944 . Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class Knappenberger ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action involving actual conflict with the enemy , on February 1 , 1944 near Cisterna di Littoria , Italy . When a heavy German counterattack was launched against his battalion , Pfc . Knappenberger crawled to an exposed knoll and went into position with his automatic rifle . An enemy machinegun 85 yards away opened fire , and bullets struck within 6 inches of him . Rising to a kneeling position , Pfc . Knappenberger opened fire on the hostile crew , knocked out the gun , killed 2 members of the crew , and wounded the third . While he fired at this hostile position , 2 Germans crawled to a point within 20 yards of the knoll and threw potato - masher grenades at him , but Pfc . Knappenberger killed them both with 1 burst from his automatic rifle . Later , a second machinegun opened fire upon his exposed position from a distance of 100 yards , and this weapon also was silenced by his well - aimed shots . Shortly thereafter , an enemy 20mm . antiaircraft gun directed fire at him , and again Pfc . Knappenberger returned fire to wound 1 member of the hostile crew . Under tank and artillery shellfire , with shells bursting within 15 yards of him , he held his precarious position and fired at all enemy infantrymen armed with machine pistol s and machine - guns which he could locate . When his ammunition supply became exhausted , he crawled 15 yards forward through steady machinegun fire , removed rifle clips from the belt of a casualty , returned to his position and resumed firing to repel an assaulting German platoon armed with automatic weapons . Finally , his ammunition supply being completely exhausted , he rejoined his company . Pfc . Knappenberger ' s intrepid action disrupted the enemy attack for over 2 hours .
James Robert Madison Mullany James Robert Madison Mullany ( 26 October 1818 – 17 September 1887 ) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy , who served during the American Civil War . Biography . Mullany was the son of Colonel James R . Mullany and Maria Burger . Colonel Mullany , born in Ireland , had served in the War of 1812 , and was Quartermaster General of the United States Army from 1816 until 1818 . His son , James Robert Madison Mullany , was born in New York City , and entered the navy as a midshipman on 7 January 1832 . He was promoted to passed midshipman on 23 June 1838 , and to lieutenant on 29 February 1844 . During the Mexican – American War he took part in the capture of the city of Tabasco , Mexico , in June 1847 . From January till March 1861 , he served on the sailing frigate in the protection of Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island , Florida , and in April and May of that year , in command of the steam gunboat defended the fort from attacks from the Confederate Army , assisting in reinforcing the fort on 12 April 1861 . Mullany was promoted to commander on 18 October 1861 , and assigned to the side - wheel steamer in the North Atlantic and West Gulf Blockading Squadron s in April 1862 . From April till September 1863 , he commanded a division of the West Gulf Squadron , and during the war captured eleven blockade - runners , and cut out two schooners laden with cotton in the harbor of Galveston , Texas . In August 1864 Mullany commanded the screw sloop during the Battle of Mobile Bay , the " Bienville " being considered unfit to engage the forts by Admiral David Farragut . The " Oneida " , lashed to the ironclad screw steamer was in the rear of the line of battle , and exposed to a very destructive fire from Fort Morgan . Later the " Oneida " was attacked and raked by the Confederate ram , and Mullany received several wounds , necessitating the amputation of his left arm . From May 1865 until May 1868 , Mullany was inspector in charge of ordnance in the Brooklyn Navy Yard . He was promoted to captain in 1866 , and was one of the Board of Visitors to the Naval Academy in 1868 . He commanded the steam sloop in the European Squadron from December 1868 until November 1871 . He was commissioned as commodore on 15 August 1870 , and was in charge of the Mediterranean Squadron from October 1870 until November 1871 , and of the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1872 - 74 . After receiving his rear admiral ' s commission on 5 June 1874 , he commanded the North Atlantic Squadron until February 1876 , protecting American interests on the Isthmus of Panama . He served as the Governor of the Philadelphia Naval Asylum from 1876 until 1879 , when he retired from active service . Mullany died in Bryn Mawr , Montgomery County , Pennsylvania , on 17 September 1887 . Namesakes . Two destroyers have been named in his honor .
Camp Ellis Camp Ellis was a United States World War II Army Service Forces Unit Training Center and prisoner - of - war camp between the towns of Bernadotte , Ipava , and Table Grove in Fulton County , Illinois . Construction began on 17 September 1942 , and the camp opened on 16 April 1943 , with an official dedication 14 July 1943 . German prisoners of war were guarded by the 475th and 476th Military Police Escort Guard Companies . Training activities ended in November 1944 . The camp was named after Sergeant Michael B . Ellis , a World War I Medal of Honor recipient from East Saint Louis , Illinois .
Tucumcari Municipal Airport Tucumcari Municipal Airport is a public airport about east of Tucumcari , New Mexico , serving general aviation . History . Opened in August , 1941 . Also known as Fort Sumner AAF Aux No . 7 - Tucumcari . Provided contract glider training to the United States Army Air Forces , 1942 - 1944 . Training provided by Cutter - Carr Flying Service . Had two 5 , 000 ' hard - surfaced runways , oriented NE / SW and E / W , still in use today . Used primarily C - 47 Skytrain s and Waco CG - 4 unpowered Gliders . The school trained glider pilot students in operation of gliders in towed and soaring flight , both day and night , and in servicing of gliders in the field . Inactivated during 1944 with the drawdown of AAFTC ' s pilot training program . Declared surplus and turned over to the Army Corps of Engineers on 30 September 1945 . Eventually discharged to the War Assets Administration ( WAA ) and became a civil airport .
William Lambton ( British Army officer ) Major - General The Hon . Sir William Lambton KCB CMG CVO DSO ( 4 December 1863 – 11 October 1936 ) was a British Army officer who commanded 4th Division during the First World War . Military career . Born the son of George Lambton , 2nd Earl of Durham and educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College Sandhurst , Lambton was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards in 1884 . He became Aide - de - camp to Governor General of Ireland in 1895 and then served with the Egyptian Army . He took part in the Nile expedition of 1898 and fought at the Battle of Atbara and the Battle of Omdurman . He also served as Military Secretary to the Commander - in - Chief of the Transvaal during the Second Boer War . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 1st Bn Coldstream Guards in 1912 , Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster - General for London District in 1913 and Military Secretary to the Commander - in - Chief of the British Expeditionary Force at the beginning of the European War before becoming General Officer Commanding 4th Division in 1915 . He retired in 1920 . Family . In 1921 he married Lady Katherine de Vere Somerset , née Beauclerk , daughter of William Beauclerk , 10th Duke of St Albans ; they had no children .
USNS William McLean ( T - AKE - 12 ) USNS " William McLean " ( T - AKE - 12 ) is a of the United States Navy , named in honor of William McLean , a United States Navy physicist , who conceived and developed the heat - seeking Sidewinder missile . The contract to build " William McLean " was awarded to National Steel and Shipbuilding Company on 12 December 2008 . " William McLean " was launched on 16 April 2011 , sponsored by Dr . McLean ' s niece , Margaret Taylor . The ship was delivered to the Military Sealift Command ( MSC ) on 28 September 2011 .
Robert Risson Major General Sir Robert Joseph Henry Risson CB , CBE , DSO , ED ( 20 April 1901 – 19 July 1992 ) was a soldier and public administrator . He was chairman of the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board from 1949 to 1970 . Sir Robert was born in 1901 at Ma Ma Creek near Grantham in South East Queensland . Educated at nearby Gatton High School and subsequently at the University of Queensland , he graduated in Civil Engineering before joining the newly formed Brisbane Tramways Trust in 1923 . He joined the Australian Army Engineers ( Militia ) as a Lieutenant in May 1933 and married Gwendolyn Spurgin in Brisbane in May 1934 . He enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) in October 1939 and saw active service with the Seventh and Ninth Divisions in the Middle East including Tobruk and El Alamein , and with the 1st Australian Corps in New Guinea . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Commander of the Order of the British Empire , and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier in March 1943 . As chairman of the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board , it was his vision and perseverance that caused Melbourne to retain and expand its electric tramways in spite of public opinion , the car - lobby and the political wishes of his masters in an era when most other cities were destroying tram networks in favour of buses and cars . Melbourne now has the largest operating tram network in the world , and a tram ( D1 . 3501 ) was named in his honour upon its entry to service in 2002 . It is not well known that Risson served as Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of Victoria ( Masonic Lodge ) between 1974 – 1976 . It was a Masonic practice that Lodge membership or rank was not listed in Who ' s Who and similar publications . Risson never publicised his Masonic memberhip . Other offices held by Risson were chief commissioner of the Boy Scouts Association from 1958 – 1963 and president of the Good Neighbour Council from 1963 – 1968 .
Surendra Singh Panwar Brigadier Surendra Singh Panwar ( 19 October 1919 - 29 April 2002 ) served as an artillery officer in the Indian Army . Early life and education . Surendra Panwar was born in Dehradun , and attended Colonel Brown Cambridge School as a child . He pursued post - secondary studies at Allahabad University . Military career . Surendra Panwar entered the Indian Military Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Indian Artillery on 3 May 1942 . He went on to serve with the Dagger Division ( 19th Infantry Division ) in Burma during World War II and in the Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 . In 1949 he entered the British Long Gunnery Staff Course at the School of Anti - aircraft Artillery in Manorbier , Pembrokeshire , Wales . A graduate of the Defence Services Staff College in Wellington , his service continued in the Sino - Indian War of 1962 and the Indo - Pakistan War of 1965 . In between the wars , Brigadier Panwar created the Air Defence Brigade for New Delhi in 1964 . In 1968 - 1969 he represented India , serving as chairman on the International Control Commission in Vietnam . At the end of his tenure he served as Sub - Area commander for Lucknow from 1969 – 1971 , and Ambala from 1971 - 1972 . Among his many appointments , he was Chief Instructor at the School of Artillery in Deolali and the Deputy Director of Artillery at Army Headquarters . He retired as a Brigadier in 1973 . Later life . He would later serve as President of the All India Gurkha Ex - Servicemen Welfare Association from 1983 – 2002 , providing guidance and looking after the welfare of ex - Gurkha soldiers and their families . Surendra Panwar would also serve on the board of trustees for Cambrian Hall and the Gurkha Military College .
3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment The 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment ( ) is an infantry regiment of the French Foreign Legion . The regiment is stationed in French Guiana , protecting the Centre Spatial Guyanais . History . World War I . When World War I started France received a stream of foreign volunteers that wanted to fight for France . This allowed the creation of four " march regiments " of the Foreign Legion . In November 1915 the Legion units remaining on the Western Front were reorganised into a single " march regiment " designated Foreign Legion Marching Regiment ( ) . The Legion records that 42 , 883 men served on the western front in the March Regiments of the 1st and 2nd Foreign Regiment and the RMLE . It suffered 5 , 172 killed in action and around 25 , 000 wounded or missing , a total of 70 % casualties over the course of the war . When the war ended it was the second most decorated regiment in the French Army and the most decorated regiment in the French Foreign Legion . Morocco . A battalion of the RMLE was moved to Morocco , and with two Mounted Companies reformed the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment in November 1919 . The regiment took part in the pacification of Morocco from 1919 to 1934 . World War II . With the fall of France the regiment remained in Morocco under Vichy control . In November 1942 the Allies landed in Morocco and after some resistance the French Army of Africa joined the Allies . In January 1943 a unit entitled " 3eREI de Marche " saw action with heavy losses against Axis forces on the Djebel Mansour . After the Allied victory in North Africa a new RMLE was formed from 2eREI , 3eREI , 4eREI and 6eREI in July 1943 . Alongside 1er REC the regiment joined the Allied invasion of Southern France in September 1944 . They saw bitter fighting in Alsace and into Germany , ending the war in the Arlberg Mountains in May 1945 . Indochina . The regiment was posted to Indo - China with the 1st and 2nd Battalions arriving in April and the 3rd Battalion in June 1946 . The 3rd Battalion was wiped out at the Battle of Route Coloniale 4 ( RC4 ) in October 1950 and after being reformed it was again wiped out at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 . Algeria . Participated in the Algerian War from December 1954 to March 1962 . Madagascar . In 1963 it was transferred from Algeria to Diego - Suarez , Madagascar . French Guiana . From Madagascar it moved to its current location in French Guiana , South America in September 1973 . Recent Deployment . The regiment has several roles . The first is to guard the Guiana Space Centre ( ) . From 2008 it has been tasked with fighting against illegal gold mining operations . Thirdly it provides a standby force for operations in the region such as in Operation Carbet , Haiti in 2004 . It also runs the French Jungle Training Centre ( ) at Regina . Founded in 1986 it has trained more than 35 000 troops from various countries . Organization . The regiment is composed of around 675 men organised into 5 companies . Traditions . The regimental song of the 3rd is " Anne - Marie du 3e Etranger ( Mein Regiment , mein Heimatland ) , " sung in the original German .
USS Virginia ( SP - 746 ) The seventh USS " Virginia " ( SP - 746 ) was a motor boat in the United States Navy . " Virginia " was built in 1906 at City Island in Bronx , New York . It was used by the Maine lobster warden , and was acquired by the Navy on 13 July 1917 under free lease from the state of Maine . Though officially designated " SP - 746 " on the Naval Register , " Virginia " retained her name informally while in naval service . The Navy Directory for 1918 lists her as " Virginia ( SP - 746 ) " and indicates that she was assigned to the 1st Naval District . The vessel , under the command of Boatswain A . D . Closson , USNRF , conducted patrols out of the section base located at Machias , Maine . She served the Navy until she was returned to her owner on 28 January 1919 when her name was struck from the Navy List .
129th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 129th Infantry Regiment is a United States military unit of the Illinois National Guard . The 129th served in World War I and World War II . Initially part of the 33rd Infantry Division during World War I , the 129th Infantry Regiment was detached on 31 July 1943 , sent as the Espiritu Santo garrison force and later attached to the 37th Infantry Division on Bougainville during the Bougainville campaign on 13 November . The 129th Infantry Regiment participated during the Philippines campaign and was detached and attached to the 33rd Infantry Division between 26 March and 10 April 1945 , before rejoining the 37th Infantry Division . The regiment is now known as the 129th Regiment ( Regional Training Institute ) , providing training . 129th Infantry Drive in Joliet , Illinois is named in honor of the regiment .