naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Garcia - class frigate " Garcia " - class frigates were United States Navy warships . These frigate s were originally ocean escort s bearing the hull classification DE or DEG until 1975 . The ships were commissioned between 1964 to 1968 and decommissioned between 1988 and 1990 . Description . Frigates fulfill a Protection of Shipping ( POS ) mission as anti - submarine warfare ( ASW ) combatants for amphibious expeditionary forces , underway replenishment groups and merchant convoys . The " Garcia " class was a larger version of the " Bronstein " class . The " Bronstein " ocean escort was a response to the development of high speed nuclear submarine s in the late 1950s . They were powered by steam engines instead of diesel engines and incorporated a first class anti - submarine warfare ( ASW ) weapon system : the SQS - 26BX sonar , MK 112 ASROC rocket launcher , and MK 32 torpedo tubes . Gun ( naval artillery ) armament ( MK 33 3 inch / 50 caliber ) was changed in the " Garcia " class to two MK 30 5 inch / 38 caliber guns . There were two distinct breeds of ships bearing the DE hull classification , the World War II destroyer escort s ( some of which were converted to DERs ) and the postwar DE / DEG classes , which were known as ocean escort s despite carrying the same type symbol as the World War II destroyer escorts . All DEs , DEGs , and DERs were reclassified as FFs , FFGs , or FFRs on June 30 , 1975 by the United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification . After decommissioning , , , , and were transferred to the Brazilian Navy , as the " Pernambuco " ( D 30 ) , " Paraíba " ( D 28 ) , " Paraná " ( D 29 ) , and " Pará " ( D 27 ) , respectively . Only " Pará " ( D 27 ) remains in active reserve as of 2009 .
Rhett A . Hernandez Lieutenant General Rhett A . Hernandez is a senior officer in the United States Army and the former commander of the Second United States Army ( also known as United States Army Cyber Command which is the Army ’ s service component to U . S . Cyber Command ) . Hernandez assumed the position upon its activation with the reactivation of the Second Army on October 10 , 2010 , as a major general where he would be promoted to lieutenant general on March 25 , 2011 . As head of the Second Army , Hernandez is responsible for planning , coordinating , and integrating the network operations and defense of all US Army networks . Hernandez is also tasked with conducting cyberspace operations in support of Army operations through his command of approximately 21 , 000 soldiers and civilians . Military career . Hernandez was commissioned in 1976 as an Artillery officer upon graduation from the United States Military Academy . During his tenure , he has held posts with numerous artillery units as well as a number of staff officer positions . Prior to being assigned to Second Army , Hernandez commanded the United States Military Training Mission in Saudi Arabia as well as the US Army Human Resources Command . Hernandez was placed in command of Second Army as the command was reactivated after being inactive from 1995 to 2010 to be utilized as the Army ’ s service component to U . S . Cyber Command . Hernandez also attended the University of Virginia where he received a masters degree in systems engineering and from the National War College where he received a masters degree in national security and strategic studies . Awards . Since receiving his commission , Hernandez has received the Distinguished Service Medal ( 2 ) , Defense Superior Service Medal ( 2 ) , the Legion of Merit ( 2 ) , the Bronze Star , the Meritorious Service Medal ( 5 ) , the Army Commendation Medal ( 5 ) , the Army Achievement Medal ( 2 ) , the Combat Action Badge , the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge , and the Army Staff Identification Badge .
Jan van Amstel - class minesweeper The " Jan van Amstel " - class was a class of nine minesweepers of the Royal Netherlands Navy , built to serve in the Dutch East Indies and Dutch territorial waters in Europe . The class was originally planned to consist of 12 ships , but because of the German occupation of the Netherlands in the Second World War , three of the four ships that were still under construction were never completed . The ships could also be used as minelayer s . The construction of the ships took place in two different shipyards , four by Gusto , Schiedam and five by P . Smit , Rotterdam .
Barak 8 ( missile ) Barak 8 ( the Hebrew word for Lightning ) is an Indo - Israeli surface - to - air missile ( SAM ) , designed to defend against aircraft , anti - ship missiles , and UAVs . Background . In January 2007 , after several months of intense negotiations , India and Israel signed a US $ 330 million deal to co - develop an all new generation of the Barak SAM , which was to be known as the Barak II . It has also been called Barak 8 . They have worked out an agreement to develop and produce the long - range Barak air defence system for both the Indian and the Israeli militaries . The initial co - development funding is about US $ 350 million , of which IAI will finance 50 per cent . The venture is a tripartite one , between the DRDO , the Indian Navy , and IAI . The missile is referred to as the LRSAM in Indian Government literature . Barak 8 is based on the original Barak 1 missile and is expected to feature a more advanced seeker , alongside range extensions that will move it closer to medium range naval systems like the RIM - 162 Evolved Sea Sparrow or even the SM - 2 Standard . The joint development offer was first made by Israel during Indian Navy Chief Admiral Arun Prakash ' s visit to Tel Aviv in 2004 . Israel successfully tested its improved Barak II missile on July 30 , 2009 . The radar system provides 360 degree coverage and the missiles can take down an incoming missile as close as 500 meters away from the ship . Each Barak system ( missile container , radar , computers and installation ) costs about $ 24 million . In November 2009 Israel signed a $ 1 . 1 billion contract to supply an upgraded tactical Barak 8 air defence system to India . Characteristics . The Barak 8 has a length of about 4 . 5 meters , a diameter of 0 . 54 meters , a wingspan of 0 . 94 meters and weighs 275 kg including a 60 kg warhead which detonates at proximity . The missile has maximum speed of Mach 2 with a maximum operational range of 70 km - featuring a dual pulse rocket motor , Barak 8 possesses high degrees of maneuverability at target interception range . A second motor is fired during the terminal phase , at which stage the active radar seeker is activated to home in on to the enemy track . Barak 8 has been designed to counter a wide variety of air - borne threats , such as ; anti - ship missiles , aircraft , UAVs and drones as well as supersonic cruise missiles . When coupled with a modern air - defence system and multi - function surveillance track and guidance radars , ( such as the MF - STAR AESA on board the Kolkata - class destroyer s ) Barak 8 enables the capability to simultaneously engage multiple targets during saturation attacks . Israel Aerospace Industries describe Barak 8 as " an advanced , long - range missile defense and air defense system " with is main features being : The launcher of Barak SAM system utilizes a compact vertical launching system , with an 8 - cell module weighing 1 , 700 kg . Fire control is provided by an equally compact C3I system that weighs 1 , 300 kg , which can either operate independently or in conjunction with other onboard sensors .
Civil Guard ( Philippines ) The Civil Guard ( Spanish : " Guardia Civil " ) of the Philippines was a local gendarmerie police force organized under the Spanish colonial government . It was disbanded after the Spanish – American War and was replaced by the Philippine Constabulary . History . The Guardia Civil was first founded as the national police force of Spain in 1844 during the reign of Queen Isabella II of Spain by the Basque Navarrese aristocrat Francisco Javier Girón y Ezpeleta , 2nd Duke of Ahumada and 5th Marqués de las Amarillas , an 11th generation descendant of Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II . The first Guardia Civil academy was established in the town of Valdemoro , south of Madrid , in 1855 . Graduates were given the Guardia ' s now famous " tricorne " or " Cavaliers " hat as part of their duty dress uniform . In the Philippines , the Guardia Civil was introduced by the Spanish colonial government in 1868 , during the rule of Governor - General Carlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada . The organization began with a size of one division or around 1 , 200 men . By 1880 , and this size was maintained until 1897 , the Guardia Civil in the Philippines had a size of three divisions or more than 3 , 600 men . Two were stationed in Luzon and the third in the Visayas . Role . The Guardia Civil was based on the Civil Guard ( Spain ) . Officers were drawn from the regular Spanish army . Under normal conditions , they formed patrols consisting of two men . Larger detachments were organized for operations such the suppression of bandit groups . By 1897 , the force had 155 Spanish officers . The Guardia Civil had the power to impose penalties for infringements of law and local ordinances . They could arrest people upon suspicion alone , and the Spanish colonial government did not bar the Guardia Civil from using torture techniques in interrogation processes . They could also kill suspects without trial if resistance was offered . During the first phase of the Philippine Revolution ( 1896 - 1897 ) , the Guardia Civil comprised around 60 percent of the native component of the Spanish military forces in the colony . Guardia Civil Veterana . The " Guardia Civil Veterana " or Veteran Civil Guard was formed during the period 1871 to 1872 under the Governor - General Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutiérrez to be the urban gendarmerie force of Manila . This organization began with 37 officers and 322 men as of July 11 , 1872 . By 1898 , it had 14 officers and 325 men . Criticism . The works of the Guardia Civil can also be witnessed in José Rizal ' s two novels " Noli Me Tángere " and " El filibusterismo " . In terms of the interrogation process , Rizal describes in the 57th chapter of his novel how a man named Tarsilo was killed by torture . In that same part of the book , it is recorded that a certain Andong Sinto - sinto was sent to the capital , Manila , to be imprisoned by merely picking bananas for supper . In the 5th chapter of Rizal ' s " Fili " , a " cochero " or driver was held up , hit and taken to prison by a Guardia Civil for failing to show his " cedula " .
Yılankale Yılankale , ( Castle of the Snakes ) is a large medieval Armenian crusader castle located east of Adana in modern Turkey , built on a rocky hill overlooking the east bank of the Ceyhan river . Its medieval name is unknown - the current name " Castle of the Snakes " is either due to a Turkish legend in which it belongs to the king of the snakes ( Youngs 1965 ) and its construction and use are associated with Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia ( Boase , p . 185 ) . The castle contains many manuscripts in Armenian libraries about this castle . This castle name is Levonkla ( kla or kala is mean castle , the castle of Levon , Armenian king or prince ) . Also the snake is one of the Armenian signs . The castle and its impressive towers are visible from the highway E5 from Adana to Iskenderun . Yılankale is one of many castles in the Çukurova region . It was built in the 11th or the 12th century by the Armenians and was also most likely used by the Crusaders . Architecture . Yilan has a lower , middle and upper ward enclosed by curtain walls . The upper ward has seven horseshoe - shaped towers , up to 15 m in height , projecting from the curtain wall . The gate to the upper ward is flanked by two towers with a gatehouse containing the bent entrance between them . ( Youngs 1965 ) . The upper gate can only be reached via a narrow ramp . The castle also contains a chapel and cistern s . The horseshoe - shaped towers projecting from the curtain wall are characteristic of Armenian castle architecture ( Molin 2001 ) , as is the absence of a central donjon . Like many mountain Armenian castles , Yilan makes good use of the local topography for its defence . Its walls closely follow the top of the rock on which the castle is located . See also . Comparable castles include :
Dong Neng - 2 Dong Neng - 2 ( ) is an anti - satellite missile of the People ' s Liberation Army , developed in the early 2010s . It is designed as a high - earth orbit interceptor which destroys orbiting satellites by high speed kinetic impact .
George Thomas Napier Lieutenant - General Sir George Thomas Napier KCB ( 30 June 1784 – 16 September 1855 ) entered the British army in 1800 , and served with distinction under Sir John Moore and the Duke Wellington in the Peninsula — and lost his right arm at the storming of Ciudad Rodrigo , where , as a Major in the 52nd Foot , he led the Light Division ' s storming party . He became major - general in 1837 , KCB in 1838 and lieutenant - general in 1846 . He was governor and Commander - In - Chief of the army in the Cape Colony from 1839 to 1843 , during which time the abolition of slavery and the expulsion of the Boers from Natal were the chief events . He was offered , but declined , the chief command in India after the battle of Chillianwalla , and also that of the Sardinian army in 1849 . He became full general in 1854 . He died at Geneva , Switzerland on 16 September 1855 , aged 71 . His autobiography , " Passages in the Early Military Life of General Sir G . T . Napier " , was published by his surviving son , General William Craig Emilius Napier ( the author of an important work on outpost duty ) in 1885 . The town of Napier , Western Cape , is named for Sir George Thomas Napier as is Napier House at Fairbairn College , Goodwood , Cape Town .
43rd Mississippi Infantry The 43rd Mississippi Infantry was a regiment of infantry in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought in many battles and campaigns in the American Civil War . Battles and campaigns . The 43rd Mississippi was organized on August 7 , 1862 under the order of Gen . Sterling Price . The first battle that the 43rd fought was at the Siege of Corinth . At the Siege of Corinth Lieutenant - Colonel Richard W . Leigh was killed by Union forces . To the 43rd the loss of Lieutenant Leigh was a major loss because of the lack of commanders that the 43rd Mississippi had . Their next battles were during Union Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ' s Vicksburg Campaign between April and July 1863 . The 43rd had a short amount of losses at the Battle of Big Black River Bridge and the Battle of Snyder ' s Bluff . At the Siege of Vicksburg a mine blew up while troops from the 43rd were in it . Another mine blew up on July 1 killing a lot of the 43rd troops . After the Vicksburg Campaign the 43rd had lossed 1 , 495 men out of 2 , 186 men at the beginning of the Vicksburg Campaign . In September 1863 , the 43rd Mississippi were ordered to the Battle of Chickamauga in Georgia . The 43rd arrived on September 19 during the battle . The 43rd joined with Braxton Bragg ' s Army of the Tennessee . Chickamauga was a success for the Confederacy because the Army of the Tennessee with the 43rd Mississippi had driven Union troops out of the Chattanooga area in central Georgia . The 43rd had only lost 25 men during the battle which was a huge advantage for the 43rd . After the Battle of Chickamauga , the 43rd Mississippi were sent back to Mississippi to fight at the Battle of Meridian . After Meridian , the 43rd were sent back to Georgia to fight at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain . At Cobb County , Georgia the 43rd Mississippi hauled cannons and moarters up the side of the mountain . During the battle , the 43rd helped Braxton Bragg ' s Army of the Tennessee yet again . The 43rd had helped drive off Union forces from the Mountain . The 43rd Mississippi were sent to Atlanta to help the Army of the Tennessee and other Confederate troops from the Atlanta and surrounding Georgia area . At the Battle of Atlanta , the 43rd retreated after a few days of being bombarded by Gen . William T . Sherman ' s troops . The 43rd retreated to Gainesville , Alabama . After the Battle of Atlanta , the 43rd Mississippi were sent to the Carolinas and Tennessee . The 43rd fought at the Battle of Spring Hill , the Battle of Nashville , the Battle of Kinston , and the Battle of Bentonville . After Gen . Robert E . Lee ' s surrender at the Appomatox Courthouse , the 43rd Mississippi was disbanded on April 26 , 1865 .
Ole Otto Paus Ole Otto Paus ( 26 October 1910 – 6 April 2003 ) was a Norwegian General , diplomat and NATO official . Born in Vienna , Austria to the Norwegian Consul , Thorleif Paus , and a Viennese mother , Paus grew up in Vienna and graduated from the Theresianum in 1929 . He subsequently moved to Norway , where he attended the Norwegian Military Academy , graduating as an officer in 1932 . He graduated from the Norwegian Military College in 1938 , from the Senior Officers ' School in the United Kingdom in 1947 , and attended the NATO Defence College in 1963 . He served as the military attaché at the Norwegian Embassy in Stockholm from 1953 , and as the district commander of Trøndelag from 1964 to 1971 . From 1971 to 1974 he was " Land Deputy " of the Allied Forces Northern Europe , i . e . the Norwegian representative in the NATO military command for Northern Europe . He died in Oslo . A member of the Paus family , he is the father of singer Ole Paus .
German submarine U - 31 ( S181 ) " U - 31 " ( S181 ) is the first Type 212A submarine of the German Navy . It was built by TKMS at the shipyards of Thyssen Nordseewerke of Emden and Howaldtswerke at Kiel . The baptism took place on March 20 , 2002 , and the submarine was ceremonially put into service along with its sister ship U 32 by German Minister of Defence Peter Struck in Eckernförde on October 19 , 2005 . U 31 is powered by one diesel engine and an electric motor driven by nine fuel cell s , making it virtually undetectable . Korvettenkapitän Bert Petzold is the submarine ' s commanding officer .
2009 Khyber Pass offensive The 2009 Khyber Pass offensive was an offensive military campaign by Pakistani Army against Islamic militants from Lashkar - e - Islam in and near the Khyber Pass . The offensive was launched after a series of suicide bombings , including one at a police station where 17 cadets were killed , as well as American pressure to crack down on the militants . After two months , Pakistan Army defeated the militants and cleared the area from the militants . Military offensives . Pakistan Army launched an offensive campaign against militants after series of suicide bombings . The Pakistan Army infantry troops quickly launched operation which concluded with destroyed 4 militant bases , killed 40 militants , and captured 43 militants , according to Pakistan Army . Human Rights organizations claim " Pakistani security forces executed surrendering militants " , a claim which was denied by Pakistan . Outside a press briefing to journalists by local governor Tariq Hayat , a truck loaded with the bodies of militants and weapons seized from militants were displayed outside of the press briefing . Hayat gave no indication whether this would be a sustained offensive . Fighting continued , with large numbers of militants being killed or captured . 2 Pakistani soldiers were killed when their vehicle hit a land mine .
Obice da 105 / 14 The Obice da 105 / 14 modello 18 was a howitzer used by Italy during World War II . It appears to have been designed at the end of World War I , but that remains to be confirmed . It was originally designed to be towed by horses with wooden spoked wheels . Some weapons may have been modernized for tractor - towing with steel spoked wheels and pneumatic tires . For transport the box trail was supported by a small limber . Howitzers captured by the Germans after the Italian surrender in 1943 were given the designation of 10 . 5 cm leichte Feldhaubitze 326 ( i ) , although it ' s unknown to what extend they were actually used . Both references listed below believe this gun to be developed in the 1930s , but this seems unlikely given the photographic evidence of the designation as modello 18 . The box trail would also be very old - fashioned for a gun designed that late .
SM U - 103 SM " U - 103 " was an Imperial Germany Navy Type U 57 U - boat of the First World War . " U - 103 " was built on AG Weser in Bremen , launched on 9 June 1917 and commissioned 15 July 1917 . She completed 5 tours of duty under Commander Claus Rücker and sank eight ships totalling . Loss . In the early hours of 12 May 1918 , " U - 103 " prepared to launch torpedoes from her stern tubes at , the sister ship of the ill - fated , which was en route for France with US troops on board . The crew was unable to flood the two stern torpedo tubes , and the submarine was sighted on the surface by " Olympic " , whose gunners opened fire as " Olympic " turned to ram . " U - 103 " started to crash dive to and turned to a parallel course , but almost immediately afterwards was struck just aft of her conning tower and " Olympic ' s " port propeller sliced through " U - 103 " < nowiki > ' < / nowiki > s pressure hull . The crew of " U - 103 " blew her ballast tanks and scuttled and abandoned their sinking submarine . " Olympic " did not stop to pick up the survivors , but continued on to Cherbourg . later sighted a distress flare and took on board the 31 survivors . This was the only known sinking of a warship by a merchant vessel during the First World War . " U - 103 " < nowiki > ' < / nowiki > s wreck lies at position .
M61 and M63 stake mines The M61 or Model 61 and M63 or Model 63 are French anti - personnel stake fragmentation stake mines the mines are sometimes called " piquet " ( picket ) . The M61 is slightly larger than the M63 , but otherwise the mines are similar in appearance and operation . The mines have plastic cases , and use the ALPR ID 59 fuze , which is also used in the MI AP DV 59 mine , it can also be fitted with a tripwire fuze . The mines can be fitted with a plastic detonator making the mine very difficult to detect . The M63 has an anti - lifting device , attempting to pull the mine out of the ground will result in pressure on the stakes prongs , triggering the mine . The mine has not been produced since 1982 and France has destroyed all operational stocks of this mine .