naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Carro Armato Carro Armato ( armored vehicle ) was the Italian Army ' s designation for tanks from 1938 . This would be followed by a letter and a series of numbers . The letter would be either L , M or P meaning light , medium , and heavy tank respectively . The official Italian military tank classification differed from contemporary classifications in other countries . The numbers would follow the pattern of X / Y where X would be the weight in tonnes and Y the year of adoption ( i . e . the L6 / 40 weighs 6 tonnes and was adopted in the year 1940 ) . The following are some Carro Armatos that entered service : NOTE : The L3 / 33 and the L3 / 35 tankettes were designated " Fast Tank " ( " Carro Veloce " ) and were initially known as the CV - 33 and the CV - 35 .
Battle of Boryspil The Battle of Boryspil happened on June 2 , 1920 , near the town of Boryspil near Kiev . It was fought between the Polish and Russian forces during the Polish - Bolshevik War and was a part of the Polish counter - assault after the ill - fated Russian offensive of May 27 . After capturing Kiev in early May , the Polish and Ukrainian forces of 2nd and 3rd Armies were centered around Kiev , along the Dnieper river and a small bridgehead on the eastern side of the river . After the assault of the Budyonny ' s Cavalry Army has been repelled , the Polish commander Edward Rydz - Śmigły feared that the Russian forces of the 12th Army might want to assault the bridgehead directly . To prevent this and disrupt the Russian preparations , an assault group was created in Kiev , composed of merely two battalions of infantry from the elite 1st Legions Infantry Regiment . The Polish units were loaded onto river barges in Kiev and shipped to the village of Vytachiv on the other side . In the early morning of June 2 , the Poles assaulted the town of Boryspil , where the Soviet 58th Rifle Division was preparing for an assault . Although numerically inferior , the Polish forces managed to take the enemy by surprise and , after a short skirmish , the Russians withdrew eastwards . After capturing the Russian supply dumps , the Poles returned to Kiev . Although the losses on both sides were low , the Polish assault managed to disrupt the preparations of the Yakir ' s Group for the assault of the bridgehead .
Kenneth MacLeish Lieutenant Kenneth MacLeish , USN ( 19 September 1894 – 14 October 1918 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War I . A Naval aviator , he received the Navy Cross posthumously for his combat actions . Born in Glencoe , Illinois , MacLeish was one of the twenty - eight original volunteers in the first Yale Unit which he joined as a navy electrician , 2nd class on 26 March 1917 . He was appointed ensign in the Naval Reserve Flying Corps 31 August 1917 ; promoted to Lieutenant j . g . on 1 June 1918 , and to Lieutenant in mid - August of the same year . MacLeish was the brother of Pulitzer Prize - winning poet Archibald MacLeish , and like him attended Yale College . A member of the class of 1918 , he left school to serve in the war . The young officer wrote home constantly , and his letters show the youthful enthusiasm and subsequent weariness of combat that is characteristic of men at war . In France he participated in many raids over the enemy ’ s lines before he was transferred in September 1918 to Eastleigh , England . On a raid with the Royal Air Force 14 October , his plane , a Sopwith Camel , was shot down and Lieutenant MacLeish was forced to crash land . Macleish survived the initial crash but was found dead not far from the crash site near Schoore , Belgium , where the land - owner , Alfred Rouse , buried his remains . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for “ distinguished service and extraordinary heroism ” . His remains have since been transferred to the Flanders Field American Cemetery in Waregem , Belgium . The destroyer USS " MacLeish " ( DD - 220 ) was named for him . Kenneth MacLeish ' s sister , Ishbel , went to Philadelphia at the request of Josephus Daniels , Secretary of the Navy , on 18 December 1919 and sponsored the ship at her launching .
Cage Armor As Cage armor ( Also known as " Slat Armor " , " Bar Armor " or " Standoff Armor " ) Is an additional protection for the armoring of military vehicles Operation . With a solid construction , metal cage around the vehicle to shaped charge ammunition ( e . g . from Anti - tank hand weapons ) Be brought before striking the proper armor to detonate , so that the Warhead unfold its full power punch no more . The advantage of this concept lies in the weight savings and guaranteed the continued mobility of the vehicle compared to other additional armor . The disadvantages are the relatively low level of security spectrum : So the cage armor is only effective against Shaped charge ammunition ( As of the RPG - 7 fired ) , other types of ammunition , however , are not affected . Application . The cage was in the armor World War II introduced to the threat of anti - tank weapons of the type of hand Bazooka and Bazooka to meet . It was at the end of the war in Berlin , some Russian T - 34 with mesh fabric on the hull and turret fitted , which should help against German anti - tank weapons . The same is known of allies , at the Paris affix the mesh of small animal cages on their tanks to protect against shaped charges and bazookas have . Visually , the tanks were therefore very conspicuous . The allied forces attack in Iraq war the cage armor back to the continuing threat posed by insurgents used RPG - 7 to neutralize . So this protection concept is especially for Types Force Protection MRAP Category III Buffalo MPV , General Dynamics Stryker Armored Vehicle and the armored Warrior Application . The use of Afghanistan for the Canadian armed forces lent battle tank Leopard 2A6M and Recovery Tank buffalo ( BPZ 3 ) Bundeswehr were also fitted with cage armor . Future development . The British BAE Systems currently developing an ultra lightweight aluminum construction ( LROD ) , which will be only half the weight of conventional steel cages , but to ensure the same protection .
Gillis Field House Gillis Field House is a 3 , 500 - seat , multi - purpose arena in West Point , New York . It was home to the United States Military Academy ' s Army Black Knights men ' s basketball team until Christl Arena opened in 1985 . Currently , Gillis Field House is the home of the Black Knights ' track and field and volleyball teams . Gillis Field House is fully equipped with locker rooms for both teams and also features coaches offices and a fully equipped training room . Gillis Field House is named for Maj . William G . Gillis . As a member of the West Point Class of 1941 , cadet lieutenant Gillis was captain of the 1940 football team and a three - year track letterman . He was killed in action October 1 , 1944 in Gremercy Forest in France during WW II . When he died , Gillis was married to Lenore Riley Mudge . Gillis received the Distinguished Service Cross , Silver Star , Bronze Star , two Purple Hearts , as well as the British Distinguished Service Order , and France ’ s Croix De Guerre , Silver Gilt and Vermillion Star . Located within Gills Field House , Crowell Track is the home of Army ' s indoor track & field team . Crowell track features a six - lane ( eight on the straightaway ) , 200 - meter , mondo - surface oval track . This lightning - fast track incorporates the same surface as the tracks used in the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games . The facility is also equipped with two jumping pits , mondo pole vault runway with new UCS 1900 landing system and a mondo high jump apron with UCS landing mats . There is an indoor throwing cage and sector , as well as throwing nets to allow for discus and hammer practice . Carleton R . Crowell took over the reins of the Army track and field program in 1952 and continued Army ' s long string of success on the track . One of the most beloved coaches at West Point , Crowell guided Army teams to 351 victories and a dozen Heptagonal championships - five indoors , three outdoors and four in cross country . All but one indoor and outdoor track and field record was shattered during his 25 - year tenure . During baseball and softball ' s offseason period , spacious Gillis Field House transforms into the Black Knights ' part - time diamond . The recently renovated field house features a Beynon track surface , three indoor pitching mounds , two pitching machines , batting cages , and a fully equipped weight room .
P 4 - class torpedo boat The P 4 class torpedo boat ( TB ) were aluminum - hulled torpedo boat s of the People ' s Republic of China ' s People ' s Liberation Army Navy . Based on the Soviet K - 123 hydroplane design , they were armed with twin machine guns , and two torpedoes . This class is currently considered obsolete , but was not completely retired from active service , being placed in reserve until the mid - 1990s . The P 4 torpedo boats consisted of two primary types ; the K - 123 type with radar , and B - 123 type without . The Chinese - built units made the radar standard for all boats , and replaced the original heavy machine guns onboard those former Soviet boats delivered to China with heavy machine guns . The PLAN transferred this class to the naval militia for training purposes , and because these boats are kept and maintained on land due to their small size , they are normally in better condition than larger units that are kept in the reserve and mothballed fleets . In addition to naval militia training duties , some of the surviving units have been converted into target drone s , and have thus been returned to active service , functioning as minor support auxiliaries . As with the , the drone is controlled by larger converted gunboats such as the , , and classes . When in operation as drones , the boats are unmanned . P 6 - class torpedo boat . P 6 - class torpedo boat ( " Project 183 Bolshevik " ) is a development of P 4 - class TB originally intended to be a successor of P 4 , but instead , it complemented P 4 when both types served together along with each other . As with P 4 class , P 6 - class also comes in two version , one with radar and the other without , 183T and 183 respectively . P 6 class TB is larger than P 4 - class TB , with sized increased by 3 times and is more heavily armed , with two 21 - in torpedoes replaced the 18 - in torpedoes of P 4 - class , and twin 25 mm gun mounts replaced 14 . 5 mm gun mounts of P 4 - class . P 8 - class torpedo boat . P 8 - class torpedo boat is another development of P 6 - class TB , which is a P 4 - class with hydrofoil added . Although only a small number was built for the Soviet navy , a large number of its derivative was built by Chinesse as Type 025 - class torpedo boat . P 10 - class torpedo boat . P 10 - class torpedo boat was an experiental boat based on P 6 - class , and it was a P 6 - class powered by gasturbine engine to evaluate the its feasibility of gasturbine engine for maritime use .
USS Enterprise ( 1874 ) USS " Enterprise " , a barque - rigged screw sloop , was launched 13 June 1874 at Portsmouth Navy Yard , Kittery , Maine , USA , by John W . Griffiths , a private contractor ; and commissioned 16 March 1877 , Commander George C . Remey in command . She was later commanded by Bowman H . McCalla around 1890 . " Enterprise " ' s first duty after fitting out at Norfolk , Virginia took her to the mouth of the Mississippi River for surveying operations . Returning to Norfolk in April 1878 , she remained there only briefly , sailing 27 May for surveying duty up the Amazon and Madeira Rivers . On 1 October 1878 off the coast of Pará , Brazil , Seaman Thomas Smith rescued a fellow sailor from drowning , for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor . This surveying duty completed , she repaired at New York City , then in December 1878 joined the U . S . naval forces in European waters , calling at numerous ports in northern Europe and in the Mediterranean . She returned to the Washington Navy Yard on 9 May 1880 and was placed out of commission . Recommissioned on 12 January 1882 , she cruised the east coast until 1 January 1883 when she sailed on a three - year hydrographic survey that took her completely around the world . During this time , she was commanded by Albert S . Barker . Her findings on this cruise added materially to the knowledge of the oceans , their currents , and their bottoms . During the journey she was a neutral witness of the Battle of Fuzhou on 23 August 1884 during the Sino - French War war . " Enterprise " was decommissioned at New York on 21 March 1886 . Placed back in commission on 4 October 1887 , " Enterprise " sailed from Boston in January 1888 for two years in the waters of Europe , the Mediterranean , and the east coast of Africa , where she showed the flag and looked out for United States ' interests . She returned to New York in March 1890 and was decommissioned on 20 May . " Enterprise " was again commissioned 8 July 1890 , and for the next year operated principally in the Caribbean . From September 1891 until September 1892 , she served as training and practice ship at the United States Naval Academy , Annapolis , Maryland . On 17 October 1892 at Boston , she was lent to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for duty as a school ship at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy . In that capacity she trained cadets for some 17 years ( the current MMA training ship was named USTS Enterprise in honor of her until the name was changed to USTS Kennedy ) . Returned to the Navy on 4 May 1909 , " Enterprise " was sold on 1 October 1909 .
World War II postal acronyms World War II postal acronyms were first used to convey messages between servicemen and their sweethearts back home . They were usually written on the back of the envelope . The acronyms , possibly including some more recent additions , are : Terry Pratchett parodied this briefly in his Discworld novel " Going Postal " . His acronyms included LANCRE and KLATCH . A Dirty Pretty Things song is named " B . U . R . M . A " after the postal acronym and contains the line ' Be Upstairs Ready My Angel ' .
Iguape ' s War The War Iguape occurred between the years 1534 and 1536 , In the region of São Vicente , São Paulo . By virtue of a particular interpretation of Treaty of Tordesillas , some Spanish , led by Ruy Garcia de Moschera , settled in the vicinity of the Vincentian Province . Allied to the Indians carijós , founded a village ( I - Caa - Para , the birthplace of the city of Iguape ) and won some battles against French corsairs . When the Luso - Brazilian defense forces faced the Spanish contingent , were promptly defeated . In contrast , Garcia de Moscher and his followers occupied and sacked São Vicente , including taking the Book of the Fall . However , because of systematic incursions forces Luso - Brazilian from the region of São Paulo , the Spaniards were forced to retreat , first to the Island of Santa Catarina and then to Buenos Aires .
Seven Military Classics The Seven Military Classics ( ) were seven important military texts of ancient China , which also included Sun - tzu ' s " The Art of War " . The texts were canonized under this name during the 11th century AD , and from the time of the Song Dynasty , were included in most military encyclopedia s . For imperial officers , either some or all of the works were required reading to merit promotion , like the requirement for all bureaucrats to learn and know the work of Confucius . There were many anthologies with different notations and analyses by scholars throughout the centuries leading up to the present versions in Western publishing . The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty commented on the seven military classics , stating , " I have read all of the seven books , among them there are some materials that are not necessarily right , . . . and there are superstitious stuff can be used by bad people . " Members of the Communist Party of China also studied the texts during the Chinese Civil War as well as many European and American military minds . Emperor Shenzong ( 宋神宗 ) , the sixth emperor of the Song Dynasty , determined which texts would compose this anthology in 1080 . List . According to Ralph D . Sawyer and Mei - chün Sawyer , who created one of the latest translations , the Seven Military Classics include the following texts : There are no other known variations of the Seven Military Classics anthology with alternating members but the constituent works themselves have had many multiple versions , especially the Art of War , which has had at least several dozen different translations to English in the 20th Century alone .
Torrechiara History . Torrechiara is a " frazione " of the " comune " of Langhirano , in the province of Parma , northern Italy . It is especially known for its massive castle , built by Pier Maria II Rossi ( 1413 - 1482 ) , count of San Secondo , between 1448 and 1460 . The building was thought not only as a defensive structure , but also as mansion for the count ' s lover , Bianca Pellegrini , for which a famous hall , the " Camera d ' Oro " ( " Golden Chamber " ) was built with decorations by Benedetto Bembo . Scenes of the 1985 film " Ladyhawke " were shot at the castle . Building . The castle has four rectangular towers , connected by a double line of merlon ed walls . The inner court is called " Cortile d ' onore " ( " Courtyard of Honour " ) . The towers are the following : The interior is characterized by numerous rooms decorated with fantastic , grottesco or naturalistic elements . On the first floor , together with the " Salone dei Giocolieri " ( " Jugglers Hall " ) , is the " Camera d ' Oro " ( " Golden Chamber " ) , one of the most famous examples of erotic chambers in Italy . The fresco cycle in the lunette s portrays Bianca Pellegrini running her and Rossi ' s fiefs , searching for her lover : the paintings are attributed to Benedetto Bembo . The chamber opens onto a panoramic loggia to . Festivals and events . The Courtyard of Honour of the castle is the setting for the Torrechiara Festival , dedicated to the great soprano Renata Tebaldi .
USS Tenadores ( 1913 ) USS " Tenadores was a transport ship for the United States Navy during World War I . Before the war she was known as SS " Tenadores in the service of the United Fruit Company . Before her Navy service , she served as a United States Army transport under the name USAT " Tenadores " . World War I . " Tenadores " was built in 1913 by Workman , Clark and Co . of Belfast , Northern Ireland for the United Fruit Company . After being turned over to the U . S . Army on 24 May 1917 , the steamer served as Army transport USAT " Tenadores " . She was hurriedly outfitted for trooping duties , and at daybreak on 14 June , " Tenadores " — with fellow Army transport ships , , and , accompanied by cruiser s , , destroyer s , , , and converted yacht — set out from Ambrose Light for Brest , France , in the first group of the first American troop convoy to France during World War I . " Corsair " was unable to maintain the pace and fell back , being replaced by destroyer from the second group . At 22 : 15 on 22 June , some from its intended destination of Brest , " Saratoga " s group of the convoy was attacked by submarine s . Two torpedo es passed near " Havana " and two torpedoes straddled " DeKalb " . No submarines were definitively sighted , and the convoy — scattered by the alarm — reformed the next morning . The group , alerted by reports of submarine activity near Brest diverted to Saint - Nazaire and arrived on 25 June . " Tenadores " was taken over by the U . S . Navy on 12 April 1918 and commissioned on 17 April 1918 , with Commander James B . Gilmer in command . " Tenadores " served as a troop transport during the remainder of World War I . Shortly after midnight on 28 December , the ship grounded in a heavy fog off the north coast of the Île d ' Yeu . During unsuccessful efforts to refloat the ship , some of supplies were removed from the stricken vessel and taken to Saint - Nazaire . On 30 December , minesweeper rescued the last members of the transport ' s crew . On 2 January 1919 , " Hubbard " returned to " Tenadores " for one last attempt to salvage the ship but was thwarted by high seas and the hopeless state of the transport , which was lying on her starboard side and breaking up . The name " Tenadores " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 18 February .
180th ( 2 / 5th London ) Brigade The 180th ( 2 / 5th London ) Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was assigned to the 60th ( 2 / 2nd London ) Division and served in the Middle East .
Russian frigate Pallada Pallada was a frigate and the flagship of Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin during his visit to Japan in 1853 . During the expedition , she was commanded by Admiral Ivan Unkovsky . These efforts culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Shimoda , a commercial treaty between Russia and Japan in 1855 . " Pallada " arrived in Nagasaki on August 12 , 1853 , just one month after the first visit of Commodore Perry . On his expedition , Putyatin was accompanied by Alexander Mozhaysky and a secretary , the writer Ivan Goncharov , who wrote a travelogue , " The Frigate Pallada " ( " The Frigate Pallas " ) , published in 1858 ( " Pallada " is the Russian spelling of " Pallas " ) .
French destroyer Audacieux The Audacieux was a large destroyer ( ) of the French Navy used during the Second World War . History . " Audacieux " was launched on March 14 , 1934 , and commissioned on August 8 , 1936 . In October 1939 , with her sister ships " Terrible " and " Fantasque " , the " Audacieux " captured the German cargo ship " Santa Fé " and took part in the pursuit of the " pocket battleship " " Graf Spee " . In November and December of the same year , she also conducted patrols in the North Atlantic . In March 1940 , she took part in anti - submarine patrols in the Mediterranean , from her base at Casablanca . In May of the same year , " Audacieux " had various fights with German planes , but was not hit . On May 29 , after taking part in Operation Dynamo , " Audacieux " collided with the destroyers " Frondeur " and " Boulonnais " off Dunkerque , and was sent for repairs in Brest until June 13 . On June 18 , " Audacieux " , together with " Léopard " and " Courbet " , patrolled Cherbourg . On July 3 , " Audacieux " took part in the battle of Mers - el - Kebir , engaging British aircraft . She attempted to launch torpedo attacks on British heavy fleet units , but was retired to cover " Strasbourg " during her retreat to Toulon . On September 23 , she took part in the Battle of Dakar ; after being heavily damaged , she was beached . She was refloated in February 1941 ; however , she was too badly damaged for repair and was immobilized as a training hulk . " Audacieux " was taken over by the Germans on November 27 , 1942 , the day that the French fleet was scuttled at Toulon harbor , and was renamed " ZF - 5 " . She was towed to Bizerte , Tunisia , on May 4 , 1943 , to be repaired , but she was sunk by British planes three days later . The hulk was refloated in December 1943 and used as a source of spares for her surviving sisters . The remains were sold for scrap in August 1948 and broken up at Sfax .
Chonsa Chŏnsa is the lowest enlisted military rank of North Korea . It is a combined title held by soldiers , airman , and seaman equivalent to an E - 1 on most western military rank scales . The insignia for " chŏnsa " consists of a bare shoulder strap or collar tab . The rank is typically held by conscripts and new recruits with six months to a year required in grade before promotion .