naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Cape Spada The Battle of Cape Spada was a naval battle during the Battle of the Mediterranean in Second World War . It took place on 19 July 1940 in the Mediterranean Sea off Cape Spada , the north - western extremity of Crete . Prelude . The battle occurred when an Allied squadron patrolling the Aegean encountered two Italian cruisers transferring from Tripoli to Leros , at that time an Italian colony in the Dodecanese Islands . The Allied squadron was commanded by the Australia n Captain John Collins aboard the light cruiser and included the British H class destroyers , , , and the similar I class destroyer . The Italian 2nd Cruiser Division was commanded by Rear Admiral Ferdinando Casardi and consisted of the high - speed light cruisers and . Battle . When the Italians encountered the Allied destroyers at about 07 : 30 , " Sydney " and " Havock " were to the north on a sweep for submarines . The other destroyers led the Italian cruisers on a chase northwards to give " Sydney " time to come to the rescue . " Sydney " sighted the Italians at 08 : 26 , opening fire at 08 : 29 , and the Italian cruisers turned away to the southwest . In the running battle which followed , " Bartolomeo Colleoni " was hard hit by " Sydney " and after a shell hit the boilers at 09 : 23 she stopped dead in the water . She fought on but was unable to manoeuvre or use the main battery ; despite the fire from her guns , she was sunk by three torpedoes launched from " Ilex " and " Hyperion " at 09 : 59 . " Sydney " continued to fire against " Bande Nere " . She was hit in the funnel by a single Italian shell , but managed to hit " Bande Nere " at least twice , killing eight in the bow and the hangar . Later , " Sydney " disengaged because she was short of ammunition and " Giovanni delle Bande Nere " returned to Benghazi , shadowed by the battleship HMS " Warspite " and a screen of destroyers . 555 survivors of " Bartolomeo Colleoni " were rescued ; 121 died . The British destroyers were bombed by Italian aircraft in the aftermath , resulting in damage to HMS " Havock " , whose nº 2 boiler was flooded . A floatplane from " Warspite " , which was searching for " Bande Nere " , ditched in the sea and was lost near Tobruk . The crew was captured by the Italians . Allied convoy AN . 2 was ordered to sail back to Port Said and remain there until it was eventually known that " Bande Nere " had reached Benghazi . Despite their speed advantage , the Italian cruisers failed to outrun HMAS " Sydney " because the most obvious route of escape to the south was to be changed to south - southwest , in order to avoid being trapped between the enemy and the shores of Crete . This gave the Australian cruiser the chance to close the range , as she did . The light armour of " Colleoni " and " Bande Nere " was unable to defeat " Sydney " ´s rounds . The lack of aerial recce was another factor contributing to the successful Allies ' chase .
Turpilio Turpilio ( died 409 ) was a Roman military commander , a " Magister peditum " . At the recommendation of his superior officer , Olympus , the emperor Honorius appointed Turpilio to be " Magister equitum " after the removal and execution of the emperor ' s kinsman Stilicho ( Honorius had fist given the office to Varanes ) . Following the downfall of Olympus ( 409 ) , Turpilio was removed from office and sent into exile , where he was murdered by the members of his escort .
Mindelunden Mindelunden ( The Memorial Grove ) is a memorial park in Ryvangen in Copenhagen , Denmark . During the Second World War , the German occupying power executed members of the Danish resistance movement on this location . After the liberation the site was converted to a cemetery and memorial park for the resistance members who were executed there . The condemned were tied to one of the " silent poles " at the end of the firing range and executed by firing squad . The three poles have since been replaced with bronze casts . The remains of 31 Danes who died in German concentration camps are buried here . The Verandah along the eastern border of the park has 151 tombstones , one for each of 151 Danish resistance members whose remains have never been found . At the centre is a large communal plaque .
17th Combat Service Support Brigade ( Australia ) The 17th Combat Service Support Brigade ( 17 CSS Brigade ) currently commands the Australian Army ' s deployable operational level logistics units . Raised on 20 May 2006 , the brigade was formerly known as the Logistic Support Force ( LSF ) , and is made up of varied logistic corps and trades . It encompasses both reserve and full - time units , geographically dispersed throughout Australia . Headquartered in Sydney , New South Wales its primary deployable command element is the Force Support Group . The units of the brigade are responsible for providing third line or ' general ' support within an area of operations .
Tom Lewis ( author ) Thomas Anthony ' Tom ' Lewis , OAM ( born 1958 ) is an Australian author , former naval officer , and military historian . He is the Director of the Darwin Military Museum . In June 2003 , Lewis was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for meritorious service to the Royal Australian Navy , particularly in the promotion of Australian naval history . He holds the degrees of BA ( Dip . Ed . ) , MA , and PhD . Editor - ' Headmark " - Journal of the Australian Naval Institute
482d Fighter Wing The 482d Fighter Wing ( 482 FW ) is an Air Reserve Component ( ARC ) of the United States Air Force . It is assigned to the Tenth Air Force , Air Force Reserve Command , stationed at Homestead Air Reserve Base , Florida . If mobilized , the Wing is gained by the Air Combat Command . Mission . The 482d Fighter Wing ( 482 FW ) , Air Force Reserve Command ( AFRC ) , maintains and operates Homestead Air Reserve Base , located near the southern end of the Florida peninsula , about 25 miles south of Miami . It is a fully combat - ready unit capable of providing F - 16C and F - 16D multi - purpose fighter aircraft , along with mission ready pilots and support personnel , for short - notice worldwide deployment . The wing has approximately 1 , 600 members , including more than 1 , 200 reservists , of which 260 are full - time reservists , in addition to 325 full - time civilians . In addition to its flying mission , the 482 FW also provides the Department of Defense with an efficient , cost effective air base , with ready access to a strategic staging location on the rim of the Caribbean Basin , to support contingency and training operations associated with both the United States Northern Command ( USNORTHCOM ) and United States Southern Command ( USSOUTHCOM ) areas of responsibility . Units . 414th Fighter Group ( 414 FG ) 482d Operations Group ( 482 OG ) 482d Mission Support Group ( 482 MSG ) 482d Maintenance Group ( 482 MXG ) 482d Medical Squadron ( 482 MDS ) History . The wing stood up and trained as a troop carrier wing from , June – December 1952 ; and as a fighter - bomber wing flying various fighter and trainer aircraft , May 1955 - November 1957 and received brief training in C - 119 aircraft during October 1957 . The 482d was then inactivated . It was reactivated and replaced the 915th Tactical Fighter Group in April 1981 and trained to maintain tactical fighter combat readiness . The wing controlled two like - equipped tactical fighter groups at Bergstrom Air Force Base , Texas ( 1981 – 1982 ) and Wright - Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio ( 1982 – 1994 ) . Following massive damage caused to Homestead Air Force Base by Hurricane Andrew in August 1992 , the wing ' s flying operations were conducted from Wright - Patterson Air Force Base , September – December 1992 and from MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , February 1993 - March 1994 . The 482d became host wing at Homestead on 1 April and provided weapons training support for air force units beginning in October 1994 . From 1997 , the 482 FW periodically deployed personnel and aircraft to Turkey to help enforce the no - fly zone over Northern Iraq . Components . Group Squadrons
USS England ( DLG - 22 ) The second USS " England " ( DLG / CG - 22 ) , a " Leahy " - class guided missile cruiser , was a ship of the United States Navy named in honor of Ensign John C . England . Originally called a " destroyer leader " or frigate , in 1975 she was re - designated a cruiser in the Navy ' s 1975 ship reclassification . Ensign John Charles England was born in Harris , Mo . , on 11 December 1920 . He attended Pasadena City College , in Pasadena , California and was on the pep - squad there . He enlisted in the Naval Reserve on 6 September 1940 and was commissioned ensign on 6 June 1941 . On 3 September 1941 he reported for duty on the and was killed three months later while saving others aboard during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 . CG / DLG - 22 was the second USS " England " . The first was , the ship that sunk six enemy submarines in 12 days in May 1944 . That act caused the Chief of Naval Operations , Admiral Ernest King , to declare " There ’ ll always be an " England " in the United States Navy . " DE - 635 was decommissioned in 1945 . To fulfill Admiral King ’ s promise , USS " England " DLG - 22 was built by Todd Shipbuilding . The keel was laid on 4 October 1960 , launched 6 March 1962 , and commissioned on 7 December 1963 . Her designation was changed in 1976 to CG - 22 at Bremerton Naval Shipyard during an overhaul . The USS " England " served in every major Pacific engagement from Vietnam to Desert Storm , from rescuing pilots , performing as plane guard or picket , to showing force around the globe . The USS England was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation Ribbon for supporting search and rescue operations in the Gulf of Tonkin from 3 January to 6 June 1966 . The USS England was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation a final time for actions performed 2 August to 16 August 1990 . As the leading Naval Warship in the region , England assumed primary shipping interdiction and air defense roles while forces were mobilized to support what would become Operation Desert Shield . She was decommissioned on 21 January 1994 , mothballed in the Suisun Bay for ten years and later scrapped in 2004 .
2nd Mountain Troops Brigade ( Romania ) The 2nd Mountain Troops Brigade " Sarmizegetusa " ( " Brigada 2 Vânători de Munte " Sarmizegetusa " " ) is a mountain troops brigade of the Romanian Land Forces . The brigade was initially formed as the 2nd Mountain Troops Division on 1 August 1923 , and was named after the most important Dacian military , religious and political centre . The 2nd Mountain Brigade is currently subordinated to the 1st Infantry Division and has its headquarters in Braşov . Units from the brigade were often deployed to peacekeeping missions in Afghanistan and Iraq . The structural reorganization process of the brigade was completed in early 2003 , with the subordination of the 33rd Mountain Troops Battalion . The 33rd Mountain Troops battalion is currently deployed in Afghanistan as part of the ISAF .
USS Anado ( SP - 455 ) USS " Anado " ( SP - 455 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Anado " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1917 by the Gas Engine and Power Company and the Charles L . Seabury Company at Morris Heights , the Bronx , New York . On 8 July 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her under a free lease from her owner , Mr . J . A . Mollenhauser of Brooklyn , New York , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Anado " ( SP - 455 ) on 17 August 1917 . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Anado " carried out patrol duties in the New York City and Long Island , New York , area for the remainder of World War I . " Anado " was stricken from the Navy List on 26 February 1919 and returned to Mollenhauser the same day .
Linda J . Bird Rear Admiral Linda J . Bird , SC , USN , was the first woman in the United States Navy Supply Corps promoted to flag rank . Early life . Rear Admiral Bird is a native of Auburn , Washington . Navy career . Rear Admiral Bird received her Navy Commission through the Naval Officer Candidate School in June 1974 . Her sea duty tours include Stores Officer and Stock Control Officer , , and Supply Officer , . Her shore duty tours include assignments as Director of the Navy Supply Corps Museum ; Food Service and Stock Control Officer , Naval Air Station , Brunswick , Maine ; Material and Logistics Officer , U . S . Navy Public Works Center , Yokosuka , Japan ; Aviation Consolidated Allowance List ( AVCAL ) and Consolidated Shipboard Allowance List ( COSAL ) Inventory and Financial Manager , Commander Naval Air Force , U . S . Atlantic Fleet ; Director , Systems Integrity Department , Naval Supply Center , Norfolk , Virginia ; and Head , Supply Policy Branch in the Supply Programs and Policy Division ( N41 ) , Office of the Chief of Naval Operations . In 1994 , Rear Adm . Bird joined the Naval Supply Systems Command ( NAVSUP ) as Director , Navy Defense Business Operations Fund Division , and then served as Director of Supply Corps Assignment / Placement Branch , Office of Supply Corps Personnel , Bureau of Naval Personnel . In March 1998 , she returned to NAVSUP Headquarters as Deputy Commander for Financial Management / Comptroller . In 1999 , Bird was promoted to Rear Admiral ( lower half ) as the first female flag officer in the Supply Corps and was assigned as the Vice Commander , Naval Supply Systems Command . Bird served as director , Supply , Ordnance and Logistics Operations Division , N41 , Office of the Chief of Naval Operations , Washington , D . C . , and was nominated for the rank of Rear Admiral ( upper half ) in July 2002 . Rear Admiral Bird became Commander of Defense Supply Center , Columbus in Columbus , Ohio , on July 18 , 2003 . As DSCC ' s Commander , Rear Adm . Bird oversaw an operating budget of $ 2 . 8 billion . She also directed the functions of 2 , 300 associates involved in purchasing materiel , monitoring inventory levels , maintaining technical data and assuring quality conformance of more than 1 . 6 million spare and repair parts used by over 24 , 000 military units and civilian federal agencies . RADM Linda J . Bird retired November 1 , 2005 , after more than 31 years of service . Awards and decorations . Her personal awards include the Defense Superior Service Medal , Legion of Merit , Meritorious Service Medal , Navy Achievement Medal , and various campaign and unit awards . Education . Rear Adm . Bird graduated from Green River Community College , Auburn , Washington in 1971 , then transferred to Western Washington University where she earned a degree in Secondary Education in 1973 . She earned a Master ' s Degree in inventory management in 1984 from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey , California . See also . Women in the United States Navy
Bora - class guided missile hovercraft The " Bora " - class hoverborne guided missile corvette of the Russian Navy , also bears the NATO class name " Dergach " , is one of the few types of military surface effect ship built solely for marine combat purposes , rather than troop landing or transport . Its designation in the Soviet and Russian navies is Project 1239 ; the first vessel produced under this designation was " Sivuch " , which was later renamed " Bora " . It is one of the largest combat sea vehicles with catamaran design . The ship is one of many marine craft built by the Russian Federation for coastal defense , both domestically and for export . The weapons array Bora class warships carry varies depending on which of several configurations it is built to . The specifications listed are for the two existing craft . Deployment . The " Bora " - class was designed in 1988 mainly for coastal defense and patrol duties against surface vessels , large and small . Two were built and are currently in service , both assigned to the Russian Black Sea Fleet . A future series of hovercraft have been planned based on this model for future production .
Walter C . Lawson Walter Cyril Lawson BCL ( February 1 , 1889 – 1970 ) was a lawyer , notary public and political figure in the Province of New Brunswick , Canada . He represented Sunbury County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1935 to 1944 as a Liberal member . He was born in Norton Station , New Brunswick , the son of John James Lawson , an Irish immigrant , and Annie C . Upham . Lawson was educated at Acadia University and King ' s College Law School . In 1925 , he married Mary Josephine Kearney . Lawson was a member of the council for Sunbury County from 1927 to 1931 . He served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I . His brother Gordon R . Lawson also served in the provincial assembly .
St Vincents Hall St Vincents Hall , Grantham , is a Gothic Revival mansion built in 1868 for the industrialist Richard Hornsby who founded Richard Hornsby & Sons , engine and machinery manufacturer . History . Ownership . The Hornsby family sold the property to the Paravicini family who claim descent from William the Conqueror before the building was sold to the Air Ministry . The 1920s witnessed many visitors including Tsar Nicholas of Russia ' s brother fleeing the Bolsheviks . In 1944 , the building became headquarters for the USAAF ' s Ninth Air Force ' s IX Troop Carrier Command . After the war the house was retained by the Air Ministry and in 1960 became the headquarters of the Air Ministry Works Directorate No 1 Area , housing civil , mechanical and electrical engineers and surveyors . In 1962 , the property agencies of the Air Ministry , Admiralty and War Office were amalgamated into the Ministry of Public Building and Works . Two years later , the Ministry was reorganised and St Vincents became surplus to requirements . It was eventually purchased by South Kesteven District Council and became home to the local planning authority . Today , St Vincents is privately owned . During The Second World War . St Vincents Hall is best known for being the HQ of 5 Group Bomber Command between October 1937 and November 1943 and was where Operation Chastise of May 1943 - immortalized in " The Dambusters " film - was planned . On the night of 16 / 17 May 1943 Air Marshall Arthur Harris , Barnes Wallis and other RAF high command were in St Vincents Hall when coded radio messages were received confirming that the raid had breached the Möhne and Eder dams . Air Marshall Harris is reputed to have said to Barnes Wallis ' Wallis , I didn ' t believe a word you said about this damn bomb , but you could sell me a pink elephant now ' . Interior . The House is a Grade II listed building made of rock - faced limestone with ashlar dressings and steeply pitched Welsh slate roofs , with decorative ridge tiles . Ashlar coped gables with moulded kneelers and finials . North front entrance has central projecting gabled wing , with single storey , lean to , porch to the left . The doorway has a pointed arched moulded ashlar surround , with marble shafts , and hood mould . Above is a moulded ashlar parapet pierced with quatrofoils . To the right a 2 - light chamfered window , with tracery , above a single plain sash , in a flat headed chamfered surround , with a pointed inner arch . Above again a 3 - light , chamfered mullion window , with a taller central light with cusped heads . At the north - west corner a circular or ' candle wick ' tower , of 3 storeys , the lower 2 storeys have 3 single light chamfered lancets , with quatrefoil tracery . The building stands in of mature grounds with over 40 preserved trees Memorials . The house has two memorials to 5 Group Bomber Command and 617 Squadron and houses a collection of RAF Bomber Command items .
William Reynolds ( naval officer ) William Reynolds ( December 10 , 1815 – November 5 , 1879 ) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy who served during the American Civil War . His younger brother ( by five years ) was United States Army general John F . Reynolds . Biography . Reynolds was born in Lancaster , Pennsylvania , and joined the Navy in 1831 . His first assignment was to the , in which he toured Africa , Brazil and the Malay archipelago . In 1837 , he was promoted to passed midshipman and to lieutenant in 1841 . From 1838 to 1842 , he served with the U . S . Exploring Expedition , and was among the first to sight the Antarctic mainland . In 1842 , he was assigned to the . In 1862 , he was promoted to commander and given his first ship , the , a receiving ship at Port Royal , South Carolina . ( When that ship was replaced by the , he was transferred to command it . ) He was subsequently given command of the depot there . In 1865 , Reynolds was promoted to captain and given command of the screw sloop after the American Civil War , assigned to the Pacific . In 1867 , he was the officer to formally claim the Midway Atoll for the United States , after its discovery by a sealing ship in 1859 . In 1870 , he was made a commodore and was made the Chief of the Bureau of Equipment . In 1873 , he was promoted to rear admiral and given command of the Asiatic Squadron from his flagship , the steam frigate . Reynolds served as the acting Secretary of the United States Navy in 1874 . His last foreign tour included an official visit to China . Reynolds ' wife , Rebecca Krug Reynolds , became the first American woman to walk on the Great Wall of China . In 1877 , due to failing health , he retired from active service . Reynolds died in Washington , D . C . , on November 5 , 1879 , and is buried next to his younger brother , John F . Reynolds , in the cemetery in Lancaster , Pennsylvania .
II Corps ( Grande Armée ) The II Corps of the Grande Armée was a military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars . At its formation in 1805 , Auguste de Marmont was appointed commander of the corps . It participated in the Ulm Campaign before advancing southeast to serve as a flank guard . Still under Marmont , the troops then served as the garrison of the Illyrian Provinces until 1809 when they became the " Army of Dalmatia " and later the XI Corps . A new II Corps was created in 1808 in northern Spain from the troops under Marshal Jean - Baptiste Bessières . Soon after , Marshal Nicolas Soult took command of the formation . In 1810 , Jean Reynier assumed command of the corps in Spain until 1811 when the unit was suppressed . Meanwhile , a parallel II Corps was created in 1809 to fight against Austria . The formation was led first by Nicolas Oudinot , then by Marshal Jean Lannes who was fatally wounded at Aspern - Essling . Oudinot took over the corps again and won his marshal ' s baton at Wagram in July 1809 . Oudinot still led the II Corps for the French invasion of Russia in 1812 . The corps was reorganized in Germany in 1813 and Marshal Claude Perrin Victor was appointed to lead it . The corps was headed by Honoré Charles Reille in 1815 and fought at Waterloo . History . It was commanded by Marshal Nicolas Oudinot during the 1812 invasion of Russia , at which point its size was roughly 40 , 000 men .