naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Derhan group The Derhan group was an element of the French resistance in the Moselle department of France during World War II . It was founded by Joseph Derhan , a laborer form Hagondange who had in 1942 formed a group called the " Parti de Gaulle " composed of fifteen workers from the valley of the Orne , who supported Charles de Gaulle . Active in 1942 and 1943 , the group was dismantled by the Nazi s between January and May 1944 . The members were tried between 7 and 13 November 1944 at Bayreuth . Joseph Derhan ( 1903 – 1944 ) , the principal activist , was already dead , having died ten days after his arrest , under torture , at the Fort de Queuleu near Metz . The group had been given the missions of collecting arms for the Liberation , distributing pro - Gaullist propaganda , inciting German draft resisters and French citizens avoiding the Reichsarbeitsdienst labor corps .
LIPNUR Sikumbang The LIPNUR Sikumbang ( manufacturer designation X - 01 ) was a low - wing monoplane of mixed construction built in Indonesia in 1954 as a COIN and anti - guerrilla - warfare aircraft . Of conventional configuration , it had fixed tricycle undercarriage and seated the pilot under a bubble canopy . A single example was built under the designation NU - 200 in 1954 , and another as the NU - 225 in 1957 . The latter machine was grounded in 1967 .
USS Aristaeus ( ARB - 1 ) USS " Aristaeus " ( ARB - 1 ) was one of 12 battle damage repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II . The lead ship in her class , she was named for Aristaeus ( in Greek mythology , the son of Apollo and the huntress Cyrene ) , the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . Originally laid down as LST - 329 on 12 November 1942 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard ; reclassified USS " Aristaeus " ARB - 1 on 25 January 1943 ; launched on 1 February 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Arthur Taylor ; converted at Fairfield , Maryland by the Maryland Drydock Company for service as a battle damage repair ship ; and commissioned on 18 May 1943 , with Lieutenant Ralph M . G . Swany , Jr . , in command . World War II . On 1 June , the ship got underway for Norfolk , Virginia . During the next six weeks , she conducted shakedown training out of Norfolk and in the Chesapeake Bay . On 23 July , she left the east coast and shaped a course for the $ 3 . The vessel transited the Panama Canal and joined the Pacific Fleet on 1 August . She then continued on via Bora Bora , the Society Islands , and Tutuila , American Samoa to Noumea , New Caledonia . " Aristaeus " reached Nouméa on 14 September and operated in its immediate vicinity through the remainder of 1943 and the first six months of 1944 . Early in July 1944 , she anchored at Sydney , Australia . After upkeep at that port , the repair ship journeyed to New Guinea in late September and provided battle damage repairs to vessels in this area into April 1945 . On 1 May , she anchored at Kerama Retto in the Ryukyu Islands . The vessel remained at Kerama Retto during the next two months . As a member of Service Squadron 10 ( ServRon 10 ) , she performed battle damage and voyage repairs to various ships of the fleet . On 2 July , the ship moved her base of operations to Buckner Bay , Okinawa where she provided routine repair services . On 13 August , she was ordered to assist in repairing the torpedo ed battleship . Many of " Pennsylvania " s compartments were flooded , and she had settled heavily by the stern . " Aristaeus " repair efforts , however , enabled the man - of - war to get underway for Pearl Harbor on 24 August , nine days after the Japanese capitulation ended hostilities . Post - war service . " Aristaeus " remained at Buckner Bay until early December . She left Okinawa on the 3rd and shaped a course for the west coast of the United States . The ship reached San Francisco , California on the 27th and entered a period of upkeep and repairs . She remained at San Francisco until 22 May 1946 , when she got underway for San Diego . Upon her arrival there , the vessel reported to the San Diego Group , 19th Fleet , for inactivation . " Aristaeus " was decommissioned on 15 January 1947 and was placed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet . Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1961 . The vessel was sold to Brown Industries , Inc . of Oakland , California on 14 March 1962 and was subsequently scrapped . Awards . " Aristaeus " earned one battle star for her World War II service .
RAF Buchan Royal Air Force station Buchan or more simply RAF Buchan is a Royal Air Force station near Peterhead in Aberdeenshire . It has been there since 1952 , although the domestic site in Boddam is now closed . Until 2005 it was also home of one of the two Control and Reporting Centres for the United Kingdom in the form of an impressive two storey underground bunker ( R3 ) . As such it was responsible for coordinating all aspects of air defence as part of The United Kingdom Air Surveillance and Control System ( UK ASACS ) . The Type 92 radar , now operated remotely , is housed in a pressurised Radome . Until 1994 the base also operated a Type 80 radar and a Sperry TPS - 34 amongst others . History . In 1979 operations moved into interim facilities above ground whilst the ' R3 ' underground operations block was refitted , this involved the excavation of one side of the ' R3 ' and another bunker of similar size was constructed alongside to provide secure facilities for stand by generators , power cleaning and air filtration . The Buchan Interim Fit ( BIF ) building housed the GL - 161 computer system associated with the TPS - 34 radar , both acquired from No 1ACC . Soviet aircraft transiting between Murmansk in northern Russia and Cuba were routinely intercepted and escorted by live armed fighter aircraft whenever they entered United Kingdom airspace . Following the collapse of the Warsaw Pact , RAF Buchan took on the executive control of air defence in the UK ' s northern airspace , reducing RAF Saxa Vord and RAF Benbecula to Remote Radar Heads while Buchan became a Control Reporting Centre . Throughout the remainder of the station ' s lifetime its role was gradually sidelined in favour of the UK ' s other Control Reporting Centre at RAF Neatishead . In 2003 it was announced that permanently manned operations were to cease at RAF Buchan in 2005 . At that time the Royal Air Force ' s now obsolete Integrated Command and Control System would be switched off , and air defence functions would be taken over by the Universal Command and Control System at RAF Boulmer and RAF Scampton . Ultimately , however , Neatishead closed before Buchan following spending reviews . Manned operations formally ceased at RAF Buchan on 26 November 2004 and the domestic site was officially down - sized on 31 March 2005 . A large part of the original site is now home to an Army Cadet Force unit ( 2nd Battalion , The Highlanders , Royal Regiment of Scotland ) . The domestic site was purchased in October 2005 by Military Asset Management Ltd with plans to revitalise the site for the benefit of the local economy . In 2009 the Officers ' Mess was converted into a four star hotel named Buchan Braes Hotel .
USS Transfer ( IX - 46 ) USS " Transfer " was a steam - propelled , derrick - rigged freight lighter . She was laid down on 18 August 1904 at the New York Navy Yard , launched on 24 May 1905 and placed in service at New York on 19 July 1910 . " Transfer " spent her entire Navy career in the 3rd Naval District assigned to the New York Navy Yard . Though initially carried on the Navy list as a tugboat , she performed all varied duties of a freight lighter , primarily transporting people , cargo , stores , and other items between ships and shore . Records documenting the milestones of the ship ' s career are sparse ; but according to DANFS we can assume that she was commissioned sometime during her first dozen years of service since documents indicate that she was decommissioned on 6 October 1922 . She remained in that status until 6 February 1924 when she was recommissioned to replace the " Traffic " . Ten years later , USS YF - 211 took over her duties ; and " Transfer " was decommissioned once again on 8 February 1934 . " Transfer " apparently remained out of commission for the remainder of her career , though in all probability , she continued to serve the Navy . Little is known of her service , but her boiler plant provided heat to the cruisers USS Honolulu ( CL - 48 ) and USS Helena ( CL - 50 ) during the winter of 1938 and 1939 while the former underwent post - shakedown availability and the latter completed construction . On 8 March 1941 , " Transfer " received the alpha - numeric designation , " IX - 46 " . " Transfer " ' s name was struck from the Navy list on 16 September 1945 as a result of an inspection and survey . In January 1945 , the Commandant , 3rd Naval District , was authorized to dispose of her and sold her for scrapping on 8 April 1945 .
Captain Ingram ' s Partisan Rangers Captain Ingram ' s Partisan Rangers was the name given by the " Sacramento Union " to a band of about fifty Confederate Bushwackers organized from local Copperheads and members of the Knights of the Golden Circle in 1864 by Rufus Henry Ingram in Santa Clara County , California . They committed the Bullion Bend Robbery and planned other raids before being broken up by the Union authorities .
Rynda Rynda ( ) were bodyguards of Russia n grand prince s and tsars in the 16 – 17th centuries . They were selected from young men of noble origin . They were not court official s and were not paid for the service . The position was abolished by reforms of Peter the Great in 1698 .
86th Troop Carrier Squadron The 86th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 437th Troop Carrier Group , based at Brady Air Base , Japan . It was inactivated on 10 June 1952 . History . Activated in May 1943 under I Troop Carrier Command and equipped with C - 47 Skytrain s . Trained in various parts of the eastern United States until the end of 1943 . Deployed to England and assigned to IX Troop Carrier Command , Ninth Air Force . Prepared for the invasion of Nazi - occupied Europe . During the Normandy campaign , the group released gliders over Cherbourg and carried troops , weapon s , ammunition , rations , and other supplies for the 82nd Airborne Division in Operation Neptune . Deployed to Italy in July 1944 and participated in the Allied invasion of southern France in August 1944 dropping paratroop s of the 1st Airborne Task Force . During Operation Market Garden in September 1944 , the group released gliders carrying troops and equipment for the airborne attack in the occupied Netherlands . In December 1944 , the group re - supplied the 101st Airborne Division in the Bastogne area of Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge . After moving to France in February 1945 , the unit released gliders in support of an American crossing of the Rhine River called Operation Varsity in March 1945 . Evacuated wounded personnel to rear - zone hospitals . After V - E Day , the group evacuated prisoners of war and displaced persons to relocation centers . Returned to the United States in August 1945 , became a transport squadron for Continental Air Command until inactivation in November 1945 . Postwar the squadron was activated in the air force reserve in 1947 at Orchard Place Airport , Illinois , operating C - 46 Commandos for Tactical Air Command Eighteenth Air Force . Inactivated at the start of the Korean War in 1950 , its aircraft and personnel being used as fillers for active duty units , then inactivated . Reactivated as part of Far East Air Force in 1951 in Japan . Equipped with C - 119 Flying Boxcar s and engaged in combat operations in the Korean Peninsula . Dropped 2nd Ranger Infantry Company ( Airborne ) troops near Munsan - Ni , inactivated in June 1952 as part of a reorganization of airborne troop carrier units in Japan
Cost - exchange ratio In anti - ballistic missile defence the cost - exchange ratio is the ratio of the incremental cost to the aggressor of getting one additional warhead through the defence screen , divided by the incremental cost to the defender of offsetting the additional missile . In the early part of the Cold War , the cost - exchange ratio favoured the defender , since the cost of missiles increases rapidly with size , and interceptors are generally much smaller than ballistic missiles . This gave a strong impetus to the development and deployment of anti - ballistic missiles in the 1960s . However , the deployment of multiple independently targetable re - entry vehicle s ( MIRV ' s ) required the defender to deploy multiple interceptors for each enemy missile , thus skewing the cost - exchange ratio in favour of the aggressor . Consideration of cost - exchange ratios was influential in persuading the United States and the Soviet Union to sign the ABM Treaty .
Second Battle of Lamia The Second Battle of Lamia ( ) was fought in 209 BC between the forces of Philip V of Macedon and Pyrrhias , a general of the Aetolian League . Phyrrhias was once again aided by Pergamese forces and Roman advisors but again he was defeated . His side suffered heavy casualties .
1st Regiment of New York Volunteers 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers , for service in California and during the war with Mexico , was raised in 1846 during the Mexican American War by Jonathan D . Stevenson . Accepted by the United States Army on August 1846 the 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers was transported around Cape Horn to California where it served as garrison s in Monterey , Santa Barbara , Los Angeles and San Diego . Elements of the Volunteers under Lieutenant Colonel Henry Stanton Burton were involved in operations of the Pacific Coast Campaign in Baja California , captured and garrisoned towns there , fighting in the Battle of La Paz , Siege of La Paz and defeated local forces at the Skirmish of Todos Santos after the peace was negotiated in 1848 . The Regiment was then evacuated from Baja California and disbanded in California on August , September and October 1848 . History . Originally formed as the 7th Regiment of New York Volunteers upon the request of President James K . Polk by New York State Legislator Jonathan D . Stevenson . Secretary of War William L . Marcy directed Stevenson that the regiment should be composed of unmarried men , of good habits and varied pursuits , and such as would be likely to remain in California or adjoining territory at the close of the war . The New York Legion departed New York 27 September 1846 aboard five ships , including the Susan Drew , LooChoo , and Thos H Perkins . Arriving in San Francisco 19 March 1847 companies D , E , G , and I were transported by store ship to the California Capital Monterey . From this post companies of the regiment were deployed by ship to lower California where they participated in the battles of La Paz , and the final skirmish of Todos Santos . It is said of Co . D " This Company was without doubt the last command of American troops to leave the soil of Mexico after the close of the Mexican War . " During the regiments tour of service in California portions of the regiment were dispatched throughout California in search of Indian horse - thieves . Much of the 1st NY was disbanded in early 1848 . Many names . Formed as the 7th Regiment New York Volunteers < br > Commonly referred to in New York as the California Guard or the California Regiment . < br > Since the 7th NY was composed of infantry , cavalry , and artillery the regiment was also called the New York Legion . < br > Finally re - designated in early 1848 by the War Department as the 1st Regiment New York Volunteers , for service in California and during the war with Mexico , now also called the 1st New York Legion . < br > However , this fact was not well known outside of California and thus another regiment formed in New York by Colonel Ward B . Burnett served in Mexico as the 1st Regiment New York Volunteers during the war but was re - designated by the War Department as the 2nd Regiment of New York Volunteers , for during the war with Mexico .
Thomas Jefferson Foster Thomas Jefferson Foster ( July 11 , 1809 – February 24 , 1887 ) was a soldier and prominent politician serving the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . He served two terms in the Confederate Congress and was later elected to the United States Congress , but was denied his seat . Biography . Foster was born in Nashville , Tennessee , the son of a prominent state politician , Robert C . Foster , who had been president of the state senate . At the age of 24 , Foster married Virginia Watkins , daughter of a wealthy plantation owner in Lawrence County , Alabama . The couple moved to Courtland , Alabama , where Foster amassed a fortune from his own successful farming endeavors . With his state ' s secession , Foster raised the 27th Alabama , an infantry regiment in the Confederate army , and served as its first colonel . He was instrumental in urging the construction of Fort Henry to defend the vital Tennessee River , serving in the fort under General Lloyd Tilghman until its forces surrendered to Ulysses S . Grant . He then represented Alabama as a representative in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress , where he became known as a " graceful orator and skillful debater . " He served on the Committee on Territories and Public Lands and the Committee on Accounts . In 1865 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives , but as a result of the policies of the Radical Republicans and Reconstruction , former Confederates such as Foster were denied their congressional seats .
G for George G for George is an Avro Lancaster Mk . I bomber , squadron code AR - G and serial number " W4783 " , operated by No . 460 Squadron RAAF during World War II . It is now preserved at the Australian War Memorial ( AWM ) , Canberra Australia . History . G - George flew 96 combat missions over occupied Europe with 460 Squadron , and is the second most prolific surviving Lancaster , behind " R5868 " S for Sugar of No . 83 Squadron RAF / No . 463 Squadron RAAF / No . 467 Squadron RAAF ( 137 sorties ) . Most operational Lancasters were shot down before they had reached 20 sortie s : of the 107 , 085 sorties by Lancasters despatched in bombing raids on Germany 2687 aircraft went missing G - George has the added distinction of bringing home , alive , every crewman who flew aboard it . Upon retirement from combat duty in 1944 , G - George was flown to Australia by an all - RAAF crew of Bomber Command veterans , and played a major part in raising war bond s during a round - Australia publicity trip . Post war , it was left to decay in the open air at RAAF Base Fairbairn , before being moved to the AWM in the early 1950s . In 2003 , G - George returned to display at the AWM in the new ANZAC Hall after a five year restoration program , which restored the aircraft as faithfully as possible to its wartime configuration . It is displayed in conjunction with a sound and light show that attempts to convey something of the atmosphere of a World War II Bomber Command raid , and incorporates a German ' 88 ' flak gun and a Bf - 109 fighter . The display is based on a sortie captained by Flying Officer " Cherry " Carter to Berlin on " Black Thursday " December 1943 , so called because Bomber Command lost 50 of the 500 bombers detailed for the raid - more than half were lost in landing accidents due to bad weather . G - George serves as a memorial to all Australians who flew with Bomber Command , and to the 1 , 018 dead of 460 Squadron . The name ' G - George ' comes from the RAF phonetic alphabet in use at the time for the ' G ' in the aircraft ' s squadron code .
Russian ship of the line Lefort Lefort ( Russian " Лефорт " , also spelled " Leffort " ) was a ship of the line of the Imperial Russian Navy . " Lefort " was a ship of the line of the " Imperatritsa Aleksandra " ( Empress Alexandra ) class , rated at 84 guns but actually armed with 94 guns . Her keel was laid in 1833 at Saint Petersburg and she was launched in the presence of Nicholas I . She was named after Admiral Franz Lefort , chief of the Russian Navy from 1695 - 1696 . Upon commissioning she joined the Russian Baltic Fleet . During the Crimean War in 1854 she aided in the defence of Kronstadt against a Franco - British fleet but did not see combat . On the morning of , the " Lefort " was within the Gulf of Finland en route from Reval ( present day Tallinn , Estonia ) to Kronstadt along with the ships " Imperatritsa Aleksandra " , " Vladimir " , and " Pamiat Asova " , under the command of Rear - Admiral I . Nordman . The ship had on board 756 crew and officers , 53 women , and 17 children ( families of the crew ) . The squadron was caught in a sudden squall and the " Lefort " heeled over once , righted herself , then heeled over again and sank between the islands of Gogland and Bolshoy Tyuters , five and a half nautical miles north - northeast of Bolshoy Tyuters , with the loss of all 826 people on board . The foreign press however reported that one sailor had been saved by holding on to a beam and floating to Gogland . In all the storm on the night wrecked about 30 ships on the Russian Baltic coast . A board of inquiry investigating the disaster recognized as the most probable cause of the accident the weakening of the ship ties caused by the fact that in 1856 the ship twice been used as transport for the carriage of heavy loads on the gun decks . It also alleged that the ship ' s hull had not been caulked adequately and the cargo load was too small , and incorrectly arranged . In addition , it was speculated that the gun ports had been left open to provide fresh air for the passengers ; this may have contributed to the sinking of the ship as water could have poured in through the open ports when the ship first heeled over . Shipwreck of " Lefort " was found between the islands of Gogland and Bolshoy Tyuters on May 4 , 2013 .
RAF Air Support Command Air Support Command of the Royal Air Force was formed on 1 August 1967 by the redesignation of Transport Command . Its change of name reflected the change of emphasis of the Command from merely transporting materials and men around the world to providing general support to RAF operations around the world . This meant that Air Support Command , unlike its predecessor Transport Command , possessed strike aircraft such as Hawker Hunter s . With the contraction of the RAF , it only lasted a short time as a command , and it was absorbed into Strike Command on 1 September 1972 forming No . 38 Group and No . 46 Group within Strike Command . The former was designated as a tactical support and the latter as a strategic support group . Commanders in Chief . Commanders - in - Chief included : References .