naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German Type I submarine The Type I U - boat was the first post - World War I attempt by the German " Kriegsmarine " to produce an ocean going submarine . Only two Type IAs were built , but the decision to halt production on further boats is believed to be because of political decisions and not because of major faults in the Type I design . Although the boats did not have any major design faults , they were known to be difficult to handle due to their poor stability and slow dive rate . The type was based on the design of the Finnish Vetehinen class and the Spanish Type E - 1 , designed by Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw ( the company also designed the Soviet S class submarine ) . The design later served as a basis for the development of other types of boats , primarily the VII and IX classes . Constructed by Deschimag in Bremen , the first Type IA was launched on 14 February 1936 . The two boats produced , and , were primarily used as training vessels and for propaganda purposes to fly the Nazi flag . In 1940 , the boats were called into combat duty due to the shortage of available submarines . Both boats experienced short , but successful combat careers . " U - 25 " participated in five war cruises , sinking eight enemy ships . On August 3 , 1940 , while on a mine laying mission near Norway , " U - 25 " struck a mine and sank with all hands on board . " U - 26 " carried out eight war cruises , sinking three merchant ships and damaging one British warship on its first mission laying mines . On its second war cruise it became the first U - boat during World War II to enter the Mediterranean Sea . " U - 26 " participated in three other successful war patrols , sinking four additional merchant ships . On its eighth war cruise the boat sunk three merchant ships and damaged another ship the next day . The attack on this ship led to severe depth - charging by two British warships , including . Unable to dive , " U - 26 " was forced to surface where she was bombed by a Sunderland flying boat . The crew scuttled the submarine and were rescued by Allied warships .
Alexandre Maître , Marquis de Bay Alexandre Maître , marquis de Bay ( Salins , 1650 – Badajoz , November 14 , 1715 ) was a French military officer in the service of Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession . Service Record . 1696 - 1701 : in service in the Dutch cavalry , colonel . 1701 : offered his services to Philip V of Spain , general of cavalry in Flanders . 1704 : Marquis de Bay , Captain - General of Extremadura . 1709 : In command of the Spanish troops he defeats a combined Anglo - Portuguese army at the Battle of La Gudina . 1710 : He suffered a severe defeat at the Battle of Saragossa .
HMS Rippon ( 1712 ) HMS " Rippon " was a 60 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built by Sir Joseph Allin at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 23 August 1712 . Orders were issued on 23 June 1730 directing that " Rippon " be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Woolwich . Unlike almost every other ship of the line rebuild of the time , " Rippon " was not reconstructed to the dimensions laid out in the naval establishments , though the differences were not pronounced : " Rippon " had one foot added to the gundeck and keel lengths , and the breadth , and , a new - built ship , had previously been built with one foot great breadth over the standard dimensions of the 1719 Establishment , as an experiment into increasing the sizes of the Royal Navy ' s ships in response to the growth of foreign vessels . She was relaunched on 29 March 1735 . " Rippon " served until 1751 , when she was broken up .
Al - Hadeed recovery vehicle Al - Hadeed is an armoured repair and recovery vehicle ( ARRV ) designed and manufactured in Pakistan by Heavy Industries Taxila ( HIT ) , designed to facilitate the field repair or recovery of heavy vehicles such as armoured fighting vehicle s . Design . The Al - Hadeed is based on HIT ' s Talha , a 6 road wheel armoured personnel carrier ( APC ) . On the roof is a hydraulic crane with telescopic jib and lifting capacity of 3 tonnes at 2 . 2 m . It is articulated to allow 360 degree rotation . A hydraulic winch with towing capacity of 20 tonnes and cable length of 130 m is present , as well as hydraulic out - riggers for stability . The vehicle can also be fitted with NBC protection , smoke grenade launchers and night vision equipment . Mini - workshop . The vehicle ' s crew compartment doubles as a " mini - workshop " , containing the following tools to assist with repairs :
Bombing of Rome in World War II The bombing of Rome in World War II took place on several occasions in 1943 and 1944 , primarily by Allied and to a smaller degree by Axis aircraft , before the city was invaded by the Allies on June 4 , 1944 . Pope Pius XII was initially unsuccessful in attempting to have Rome declared an open city , through negotiations with President Roosevelt via Cardinal Francis Spellman . Rome was eventually declared an open city on August 14 , 1943 — a day after the last Allied bombing — by the defending forces . In the 110 , 000 sorties that comprised the Allied Rome air campaign , 600 aircraft were lost and 3 , 600 air crew members died ; 60 , 000 tons of bombs were dropped in the 78 days prior to Rome ' s capture . Correspondences between Pius XII and Roosevelt . Following the first Allied bombing of Rome on May 16 , 1943 ( three months before the German Army occupied the city ) , Pius XII wrote Roosevelt asking that Rome " be spared as far as possible further pain and devastation , and their many treasured shrines … from irreparable ruin . " On June 16 , 1943 , Roosevelt replied : Bombing of Rome was controversial , and General Henry H . Arnold described Vatican City as a " hot potato " because of the importance of Catholics in the U . S . Armed Forces . British public opinion , however , was more aligned towards the bombing of the city , due to the participation of Italian planes in The Blitz over London . On July 19 , 1943 , Rome was bombed again , more heavily , by 521 Allied planes , with three targets , causing thousands of civilian casualties . After the raid , Pius XII , along with Msgr . Montini ( future Pope Paul VI ) , travelled to the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura , which had been badly damaged , and distributed ₤ 2 million to the crowds . Between 11 a . m . and 12 noon , 150 Allied B - 17 Flying Fortresses attacked the San Lorenzo freight yard and steel factory . In the afternoon , the second target was the " Scalo del Littorio " on the northern side of Rome . The third target was the Ciampino airport , on south - east side of Rome . Three weeks later , on August 13 , 1943 , Allied planes again bombed the city , targeting San Lorenzo and Scalo del Littorio . Bombing of Vatican City . Vatican City maintained an official policy of neutrality during the war . Both Allied and Axis bombers made some effort not to attack the Vatican when bombing Rome . However , Vatican City was bombed on at least two occasions , once by the British and once by the Germans . On November 5 , 1943 , a single plane dropped four bombs on the Vatican , destroying a mosaic studio near the Vatican railway station and breaking the windows of the high cupola of St . Peter ' s , and nearly destroying Vatican Radio . There were no fatalities . Damage from the raid is still visible . On March 1 , 1944 , German airplanes dropped six bombs over the Vatican , littering the Court of Saint Damaso with debris .
RML 7 inch gun The RML 7 inch guns were various designs of medium - sized rifled muzzle - loading guns used to arm small - medium sized British warships in the late 19th century , and some were used ashore for coast defence . Design and history . These guns were the first to incorporate the new " Woolwich " rifling system , a modification of the French system , of from 3 - 9 broad shallow grooves after Britain abandoned the Armstrong " shunt " rifling system in May 1865 : " . . . M . L . 7 - inch guns in course of manufacture were rifled on this principle , upon which all all our heavy pieces since have been rifled . The 7 - inch referred to , and introduced into the service in 1865 , were the first of the so - called Woolwich guns , which then meant " " wrought iron M . L . guns built up on Sir W . Armstrong ' s principle , improved upon by hooking the coils over one another , and having solid ended steel barrels , rifled on the system shown above , for studded projectiles " " . All versions were constructed of a steel A tube surrounded by various numbers and thicknesses of wrought - iron coils . Rifling was 3 grooves with a uniform 1 turn in 35 calibres i . e . in 245 inches . The diagrams below show the progression from the original expensive Armstrong construction in Mk I of multiple relatively thin coils , through to the simplified and cheaper Woolwich design of Mk III . RML 7 inch 7 ton gun . This was a coast defence gun introduced in 1865 to replace the failed RBL 7 inch Armstrong gun . RML 7 inch 6½ ton gun . This was a naval gun introduced in 1865 " . . . as a broadside or pivot gun for frigates , to replace the 7 - inch B . L . and 68 - pr S . B . guns , and is now very extensively used , 331 having been made . . . These guns are in total length 18 inches shorter than the land service [ i . e . 7 - ton ] 7 - inch gun , being a length more suited to the requirements of the Navy " . The following warships were armed with the gun : RML 7 inch 90 cwt gun . This was a lighter ( 90 cwt = 4½ long ton ) low - powered naval gun introduced in 1874 as a broadside gun on unarmoured vessels , and not intended for attacking armour plate . Early models were made by simply turning off some of the jacket around 7 - inch 6½ ton guns , as firing with reduced charges placed less strain on the coils . Some new guns were made to similar design . The following warships were armed with the gun : Ammunition . The primary projectile for 7 ton and 6½ ton guns was Palliser shot or shell for attacking armoured warships , fired with a large " battering " charge for maximum velocity . All guns were also equipped with shrapnel shell s for anti - personnel use and explosive common shells for attacking unarmoured targets . The " double " common shell was much longer than the standard common shell , and hence contained approximately twice as much gunpowder . It was unstable in flight and hence inaccurate beyond 2 , 000 yards but was considered useful for attacking wooden warships at ranges below 2 , 000 yards .
USS Connewango ( YTM - 388 ) Connewango was authorized as YT - 388 , but reclassified YTB - 388 on 15 May 1944 prior to launching by the Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp . , Morris Heights , New York , on 29 July of that year . Completed in November , she was assigned to the 3rd Naval District where she performed patrol and towing duties . In 1946 she was transferred to the 6th Naval District where she continued until being struck in 1986 .
Regiment Infanterie Johan Willem Friso The Regiment Johan Willem Friso is a line infantry regiment of the Royal Netherlands Army . Named after Johan Willem Friso of Orange - Nassau , it is the oldest and most senior regiment in the current order of battle . The regiment currently serves in the mechanized infantry role as 44 Armoured Infantry Battalion ( 44Painfbat ) as part of 43 Gemechaniseerde ( Mechanized ) Brigade . 44 Armoured Infantry Battalion JWF is deployed in Uruzgan , Afghanistan .
Niels Drustrup Niels Drustrup ( October 17 , 1876 – March 15 , 1957 ) was an officer in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the United States occupation of Veracruz . He died March 15 , 1957 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 3 , lot 4378 - RH . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Lieutenant , U . S . Navy . Born : 17 October 1876 , Denmark . Accredited to : Pennsylvania . G . O . No . : 131 , 17 July 1924 . Citation : For meritorious service under fire on the occasion of landing of the naval forces at Vera Cruz , Mexico , on 21 April 1914 . For several hours Lt . Drustrup was in charge of an advanced barricade under a heavy fire , and not only displayed utmost ability as a leader of men but also exerted a great steadying influence on the men around him . Lt . Drustrup was then attached to the U . S . S . Utah as a chief turret captain .
RV Triton The Research Vessel " Triton " is a trimaran vessel owned by Gardline Marine Sciences Limited and a former prototype British warship demonstrator for the UK ' s Defence Evaluation and Research Agency . She was built as a technology demonstrator ship for the Royal Navy ' s Future Surface Combatant , and has been used to both prove the viability of the hull - form and as a trials platform for other QinetiQ innovations . Since 2007 the ship has been used by the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service ' s Customs Marine Unit . " Triton " name refers to the maritime god Triton who carried the three - pronged spear , the trident , which relates to the vessel ' s three parallel hulls . The outrigger s are thinner and much shorter than the dominant central hull . Operational history . DERA and QinetiQ . " Triton " was designed as a demonstrator to prove that the trimaran concept would work successfully in a large warship . Following her launch in 2000 , the ship began an extensive series of trials in 2001 , which covered general ship handling , performance , sea - keeping behaviour , but also areas more specific to its design for which the Royal Navy had no experience . For example , a series of docking manoeuvres were undertaken by the pilot boats of HMNB Portsmouth to determine the problems of docking a large trimaran , and the ship underwent underway replenishment alongside and the tanker RFA " Brambleleaf " to ascertain the characteristics of a trimaran and a monohull replenishing at the same time . " Triton " also undertook the first helicopter take off and landing on a trimaran . " Triton " was present at the International Festival of the Sea in 2001 , but visitors were not permitted on board . Gardline Marine Sciences . Following the end of the Future Surface Combatant project , it was decided that the " Triton " was no longer necessary , so in 2005 , she was sold to Gardline Marine Sciences Limited which is part of the Gardline group and was converted into a multi - role survey vessel . Amongst other projects she was used as part of the Civil Hydrography Programme on behalf of the United Kingdom ' s Maritime and Coastguard Agency . Australian Customs . In December 2006 , Gardline contracted " Triton " to the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service to patrol Australia ' s northern waters as one of the service ' s fleet of patrol vessels . Australian Customs Vessel " Triton " has been fitted with two . 50 calibre heavy machine guns and carries up to 28 armed customs officers . The ship arrived from the UK in mid - January 2007 and started operations immediately It is reported that ACV " Triton " has been modified to provide additional accommodation at the expense of ballast , which has apparently reduced the vessel ' s inherent stability . High stability is less important in the calmer waters of the South Pacific and Indian Oceans .
Henry Cornewall ( 1685 – 1756 ) Lieutenant - General Henry Cornewall ( 1685 – 4 June 1756 ) was a British Army officer . He was the son of Colonel Henry Cornewall ; Velters Cornewall and James Cornewall were his half - brothers . After service with the 2nd Troop of Horse Guards , Cornewall was colonel of the 7th Regiment of Marines from 1740 to 1748 , Member of Parliament for Hereford from 1747 to 1754 , and Governor of Londonderry from 1749 until his death .
Bohle River Aerodrome Bohle River Aerodrome was an aerodrome located west of Townsville , Queensland , Australia . The aerodrome was constructed in 1942 , during World War II , for the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) as part of a group of airfields to be used as aircraft dispersal fields in the event of Imperial Japanese attack on the Townsville area . The aerodrome consisted of a bitumen sealed NE - SW runway . A remote receiving station was constructed nearby . It was utilised as a 1 / 4 - mile drag strip until its closing on 25 August 2012 , to make way for a new housing estate .
Kosmos 1806 Kosmos 1806 ( meaning " Cosmos 1806 " ) is a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1986 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1806 was launched from Site 43 / 4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 18 : 35 UTC on 12 December 1986 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1986 - 098A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 17213 .
USRC Jefferson ( 1802 ) USRC " Jefferson " was a schooner purchased in 1802 by the United States Revenue Marine and stationed at Norfolk , Virginia where it enforced . She was named in honor of Thomas Jefferson , the third President of the United States . At the beginning of the War of 1812 , the " Jefferson " was placed under U . S . Navy orders and in June , 1812 captured a British brig bound for Halifax , Nova Scotia from the West Indies . Later the same year , she captured the schooner " Patriot " . In 1813 , on the James River , she freed the crew of the American schooner " Flight " , who had been seized by three British barges . In 1817 , the " Jefferson " captured the Spanish brig " Providentia " the unlawful prize of the privateer " Mangero " , loyal to the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata . There is inconclusive evidence that a second Spanish ship may have also been taken . Later the same year the " Jefferson " was sold .
Naval co - operation and guidance for shipping Naval Co - operation and Guidance for Shipping ( NCAGS ) is a naval doctrinal term . Naval personnel are trained to carry out NCAGS establish and provide advice for safe passage of merchant ships worldwide , during times of peace , tension , crisis and war . NCAGS personnel act as a liaison between military commanders and the civil authorities . During war , the NCAGS organization may be responsible for establishing a convoy . NCAGS is used by many NATO countries during exercises such as " Bell Buoy . " NCAGS has been an important part of the naval reserves . Previously the doctrinal term used was ' Naval Control of Shipping . ' NCAGS exercises such as Exercise Lucky Mariner test NCAGS skills . NCAGS can sometimes be confused with AWNIS which is a completely different set of skills in this area .
22nd Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call sign was the . History . The 22nd Division was raised in 1938 out of the reserve components of the 14th Division . After minimal training , it was assigned to the Central China Command , and participated at the Battle of Wuhan in the Second Sino - Japanese War . Assigned to the Japanese 13th Army , its primary duty was initially to be a garrison force for the Hangzhou area . However , as the war against China continued to heat up , the 22nd Division was called upon in the Third War Area in the 1939 - 40 Winter Offensive campaign . This was followed by numerous minor campaigns , which took the 22nd Division ever southwards , until by February 1944 the 22nd Division came under the command of the Japanese 23rd Army , and was in Guangdong province , opposite Hong Kong . An effort to cross over into Hong Kong was thwarted by the US Navy , which resulted in the loss of most of the 86th Infantry Regiment when their transports were sunk . Unable to reach Hong Kong , the 22nd Division turned south , and fought its way through Guangxi province ( and participating in the Battle of Guilin - Liuzhou ) , until it reached the relative safety of Japanese - occupied French Indochina . In 1945 , the headquarters of the 22nd Division was in Bangkok , Thailand , and it contributed forces to the defense of Burma against the British ( Operation Dracula ) . The 22nd Division was dissolved in Bangkok with the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Army at the end of World War II ; however , a number of its troops refused to return to Japan , and defected to join the Viet Minh in their struggle for independence ( First Indochina War ) against the returning French colonial forces . Organization . The order of battle for the 22nd Division included : IJA 22nd Division Allentown , PA : 1981
Wilfred Dolby Fuller Wilfred Dolby Fuller VC ( 28 July 1893 – 22 November 1947 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Fuller was born in Greasley , Nottinghamshire . When he was 21 years old , and a lance - corporal in the 1st Battalion , Grenadier Guards , British Army during the First World War , he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his acts on 12 March 1915 at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle , France . Lance - Corporal Fuller saw a party of the enemy trying to escape along a communication trench . He ran towards them and killed the leading man with a bomb ; the remainder ( nearly 50 ) seeing no means of evading his bombs , all surrendered to him . Lance - Corporal Fuller was quite alone at the time . He received his Victoria Cross from King George V at Buckingham Palace on 4 June 1915 . In September of the same year , at the express wish of the Tsar of Russia , he was also decorated by the King at Sheffield with the Russian Cross of the Order of Saint George , 3rd Class . Post war . In March 1916 he married Helena May Wheeler , a nurse at the Hammersmith Hospital from Somerset . Later the same year Corporal Fuller was discharged from the Army on medical grounds and towards the end of the year joined the Somerset Constabulary . He served at Milverton , Ilminster , Clevedon , Nunney and finally Frome where he performed his duties from Rodden Road police station . He retired from the police service on medical grounds in 1939 and took up residence in Frome . Wilfred and Helena had two daughters and a later adopted a son . He died aged 54 and lies buried at ChristChurch , Frome , Somerset . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Grenadier Guards Regimental Headquarters in Wellington Barracks , Chelsea , London .
Robert H . B . Baldwin Robert H . B . Baldwin ( born in East Orange , New Jersey , on July 9 , 1920 ) was the Chairman of Morgan Stanley when the bank was taken public in the 1970s . He is noted for significantly expanding the wealth of the firm during his tenure there . He was also appointed by President Lyndon B . Johnson to be the Undersecretary of the United States Navy during the Vietnam War . The town of Baldwin Park , Florida , and its Lake Baldwin , are named after him , in honor of this service . Since leaving Morgan Stanley , he has served as the Chairman of the Geraldine R . Dodge Foundation and also as the head of several other charitable entities . A 1942 graduate of Princeton University , Baldwin was awarded the Roper Trophy for his excellence as a three - sport athlete in ball $ 2 $ 3 , basketball , and football during his time at the Ivy League institution . In addition , Baldwin is listed as a lifetime member of Augusta National Golf Club , the home of the Masters Tournament .