naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Prefect Prefect ( from the Latin " praefectus " , perfect participle of " praeficere " : " make in front " , i . e . , put in charge ) is a magisterial title of varying definition . A prefect ' s office , department , or area of control is called a prefecture , but in various post - Roman empire cases there is a prefect without a prefecture or " vice versa " . The words " prefect " and " prefecture " are also used , more or less conventionally , to render analogous words in other languages , especially Romance languages . Ancient Rome . " Praefectus " , often with a further qualification , was the formal title of many , fairly low to high - ranking , military or civil officials in the Roman Empire , whose authority was not embodied in their person ( as it was with elected Magistrates ) but conferred by delegation from a higher authority . They did have some authority in their prefecture such as controlling prisons and in civil administration . Praetorian prefects . The Praetorian prefect ( " Praefectus praetorio " ) began as the military commander of a general ' s guard company in the field , then grew in importance as the Praetorian Guard became a potential kingmaker during the Empire . From the Emperor Diocletian ' s tetrarchy ( c . 300 ) they became the administrators of the four Praetorian prefecture s , the government level above the ( newly created ) dioceses and ( multiplied ) provinces . As Egypt was a special imperial domain , a rich and strategic granary , where the Emperor enjoyed an almost pharaonic position unlike any other province or diocese , its head was styled uniquely " Praefectus Augustalis " , indicating that he governed in the personal name of the august emperor . Military prefects . For some auxiliary troops , specific titles could even refer to their peoples : Feudal times . Especially in Medieval Latin , " præfectus " was used to refer to various officers — administrative , military , judicial , etc . — usually alongside a more precise term in the vernacular ( such as " Burggraf " ) . Ecclesiastical . The term is used by the Catholic Church , which based much of its canon law terminology on Roman law , in several different ways . Academic . Many college preparatory boarding schools utilize the position of Prefect as a high student leadership position . Police . The Prefect of Police ( " Préfet de police ) " is the officer in charge of co - ordinating police forces in Paris and the Bouches - du - Rhônes . The local police in Japan are divided among prefectures too .
Nabeshima Katsushige Biography . Katsushige was born in Saga , the son of Nabeshima Naoshige . At the time , Naoshige was a senior retainer of the Ryuzōji clan . For a time he became the adopted son of Egami Ietane , the 2nd son of Ryūzōji Takanobu ; however , he would soon return to his natal family . In 1597 , he joined his father in Korea in the defensive action at Ulsan . During the Sekigahara Campaign he sided with the western faction , attacking Fushimi Castle and An ' nōzu Castle . Katsushige did not take part in the main action at Sekigahara , and submitted to Tokugawa Ieyasu very quickly afterward . Confirmed as daimyo of Saga in 1607 , he ruled until 1657 .
Battle of Rio Manimani The Battle of the Manimani , was a failed American landing attempt west of Havana and was one of the final engagements of the Spanish - American War in Cuba . Background . On July 23 , 1898 , Lieutenant John Heard anchored his force at the mouth of the Mani - Mani River and began unloading supplies intended for the Cuban insurgents operating in northwestern Cuba , unaware that the Spanish had discovered his presence and assembled a large force of cavalry in the environs . Battle . Catching the Americans off guard , Spanish cavalry advanced out onto the beach and opened fire upon the landing parties . Heard ordered his men to take cover and return fire . Pounded by accurate American volleys , the Spanish withdrew back into the jungle . Lieutenant Heard used the temporary respite to order an immediate retreat , evacuating his wounded into the USS " Wanderer " and preparing to lift anchor just as the Spaniards reappeared , unleashing a hail of fire at those on the deck . Aftermath . For his remarkable calm and courage in the heat of battle at Manimani , John Heard was later awarded a Medal of Honor noting , " after two men had been shot down by Spaniards while transmitting orders to the engine - room on the " Wanderer " , the ship having become disabled , this officer took the position held by them and personally transmitted the orders , remaining at his post until the ship was out of danger . "
Julian Cunningham Major General Julian Wallace Cunningham ( May 1 , 1893 - August 22 , 1972 ) was a senior officer in the United States Army . Born on May 1 , 1893 at Blairsville , Pennsylvania . He was educated at George Washington University and received a Bachelor of Arts in 1916 . He served in the Philippines between 1933 and 1935 . During World War II , he is noted for being the Commanding Officer of the 112th Cavalry Regiment . He died on August 22 , 1972 and was survived by his wife Margaret .
USS Edwards ( DD - 265 ) USS " Edwards " ( DD - 265 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy and transferred to the Royal Navy where she served as HMS " Buxton " ( H96 ) and later in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II . As USS " Edwards " . Named for Midshipman William W . Edwards , she was launched 10 October 1918 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Squantum , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Miss Julia Edwards Noyes , whose great - grandfather was the uncle of Midshipman Edwards ; and commissioned 24 April 1919 at Boston Navy Yard , Commander P . L . Wilson in command . In May 1919 " Edwards " carried spare parts for airplanes and seaplanes to St . John ' s , Newfoundland , as reserves for the historic first transatlantic seaplane flight made by Navy planes . She sailed from Boston , Massachusetts 28 May to report to Commander , U . S . Naval Forces in Europe , for duty with the Food Administration . Arriving at Gibraltar in June , she took part in escorting " George Washington " carrying President Woodrow Wilson into Brest , then visited England and Germany before returning to the States 25 August . Assigned to the Pacific Fleet , " Edwards " sailed from New York 17 September 1919 and arrived at the destroyer base at San Diego , California 13 October where she was placed in reduced commission with a partial complement 1 November 1919 . In February 1920 she moved to Puget Sound Navy Yard , but returned to San Diego a year later where she remained in reserve , occasionally putting to sea for target practice . She was placed out of commission 8 June 1922 . Recommissioned 18 December 1939 , " Edwards " was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol , and after overhaul , left the west coast 22 March for Galveston , Texas . She patrolled the Gulf and east coast until fall , then sailed to Halifax , Nova Scotia , where she was decommissioned 8 October 1940 , and delivered to the British Government as one of the destroyers exchanged for bases . As HMS " Buxton " and HMCS " Buxton " . Commissioned in the Royal Navy 8 October 1940 as HMS " Buxton " ( H96 ) for service in the third " Town " Flotilla , the destroyer served in Canadian waters briefly as the U - boat war intensified ; she was then allocated to 6th Escort Group , Western Approaches Command , for dangerous and vital duty keeping the supply line open to Britain . " Buxton " was modified for trade convoy escort service by removal of three of the original 4 " / 50 caliber gun s and one of the triple torpedo tube mounts to reduce topside weight for additional depth charge stowage and installation of hedgehog . In August 1942 , when newer escorts were available , she was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy as a member of the Western Local Escort Force based at Halifax . After undergoing refit in Boston from December 1942 to March 1943 she rejoined the WLEF in April , 1943 . She was withdrawn from service that August and used as a static training ship at Halifax and then Digby , Nova Scotia , until the end of 1944 . She was finally paid off early in 1945 .
Water castle A water castle ( or " Wasserschloss " ) is a castle or stately home whose site is entirely surrounded by moat s or natural waterbodies . Topographically water castles are a type of lowland castle . There is a further distinction between : In all cases , water is used as an obstacle to hinder an attacker . That apart , an abundant supply of water was also an advantage during a siege . Such a castle usually had only one entrance , which was via a drawbridge and that could be raised for protection in the event of an attack . To some extent these water castles had a fortress - like character . In many places in Central Europe castles that had formerly been fortified changed their role or were converted over the course of time so that they became largely representational and residential buildings . The characteristic moats thus lost their original security function , but were retained in some cases as an element of landscaping . Today , in monument conservation circles , they are often described as burdensome , cost - intensive " historic legacies " because of the water damage caused to their foundations . As a result , many moats around castles in Germany have been drained , or more rarely filled , especially since the 1960s .
RAF Penrhos RAF Penrhos was a World War II Royal Air Force airfield at Penrhos , on the Llŷn Peninsula near Pwllheli , Gwynedd . It was operational from 1 February 1937 to 21 October 1946 for armarment training , air observer , bombing and gunnery schools . History . In 1936 a decision was taken to establish an RAF bombing school at Penyberth , including the area of the low plateau in the bend of the river where the Afon Penrhos joins the Afon Geirch . Opposition was strongly felt , particularly as it was perceived that the sixteenth century house , Penyberth was , in Saunders Lewis ’ words , ‘ one of the essential homes of Welsh culture , idiom and literature ’ . As work proceeded , an arson attack was initiated . Nevertheless , the base came into operation in February 1937 . Any knowledge of the attack was successfully kept hidden from the general public during WW2 . In December 1940 a detachment from No . 312 ( Czechoslovak ) Squadron was moved to protect Penrhos from German attack . The association which led in later years to the Polish Resettlement Corps using the site to house Polish soldiers , sailors and airmen who chose not to return to communist Poland . To this day , part of RAF Penrhos is in use as an old people ' s home for elderly Poles . RAF Hell ' s Mouth 5 miles to the south west was commissioned in February 1937 as a Relief Landing Ground , later an Emergency landing Ground for RAF Penrhos . Part of the site is now Pen - y - berth caravan park .
Muhammed Sharif al - Faruqi Lieutenant Muhammed Sharif al - Faruqi ( 1891 - 1920 ) was an Arab Ottoman staff officer from Mosul . He was stationed in Damascus and played a pivotal role in the events leading up to the Arab Revolt . He was a member of Arab secret societies in Damascus . After the first visit of Faisal bin Hussein to Damascus in early 1915 , the societies were suspected by Djemal Pasha of conspiracy and treason against the Ottoman Empire . As a consequence the societies were disbanded and their members dispersed . Al - Faruqi was sent to the Gallipoli front where he deserted in late 1915 . He crossed over to the Allied side and claimed to have important information for the British . The British eagerly jumped on the source of information . Al - Faruqi ' s poor English made accidental or intentional misunderstandings likely . The information he fed the British was partly true and partly fabricated . Al - Faruqi claimed to be a member of the secret society al - ' Ahd and said he represented the Arab army officers in Damascus . He urged the British to support an independent Arab state as outlined in the Damascus Protocol during the correspondence with Hussein . He claimed any delay would make Hussein fully support Germany and the Ottomans . Al - Faruqi ' s claims solidified British Egypt ' s conceptions that the Arab world was ready for a revolt . Kitchener ' s followers in Egypt and elsewhere used this information to persuade Henry McMahon to meet Hussein ' s demands . An Arab revolt would relieve in part the British forces fighting the Ottomans . In the following negotiations concerning this issue al - Faruqi managed to be the centerpiece by claiming to each party to represent an opportune other party .
William Kingsmill ( politician ) Lieutenant - Colonel William Henry Kingsmill DSO MC ( 1 December 1905 – 3 June 1971 ) was a British politician and businessman . He served as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Yeovil from 1945 to 1951 . Early career . William Henry Kingsmill was born on 1 December 1905 , the son of Andrew de Portal Kingsmill , an Army officer , and his wife Gladys Johnston . His parents divorced in 1920 . After an education at Eton and the Royal Military College , Sandhurst , he joined the Grenadier Guards , his father ' s regiment , in 1920 , serving for nine years before transferring to the reserves in 1929 and returning to civilian life . The same year , he married Aileen Smith ; the marriage did not last , and the couple divorced . He remarried in 1939 , to Diana Smith , the widow of an Army officer . There were no children from either marriage . He worked as a businessman and company director until August 1939 , when he rejoined the Grenadiers . He served in the Battle of France , where he was awarded the Military Cross , and then with the Eighth Army in North Africa and the Italian Campaign , where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order . During 1943 - 44 he commanded the 6th Battalion Grenadier Guards in Italy . Parliament . Kingsmill was elected the Member of Parliament for Yeovil in the 1945 general election , with a very narrow majority of 174 votes , and held the seat in the 1950 general election . He retired the following year , and did not contest the seat in 1951 . From 1946 onwards , he worked as a company director and chairman . He was the chairman and managing director of Taylor Walker & Co , a brewery , and a director of Slough Estates ( now Segro ) .
Adolf Reichwein Adolf Reichwein ( 3 October 1898 – 20 October 1944 ) was a German educator , economist , and cultural policymaker for the SPD . He was also a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany . Biography . Reichwein was born in Bad Ems . He took part in the First World War , in which he was seriously wounded in the lung . Reichwein studied at the universities of Frankfurt am Main und Marburg , under Hugo Sinzheimer and Franz Oppenheimer , among others . In the 1920s , he was active in education policy and adult education in Berlin and Thuringia . It was he who founded the " Volkshochschule " ( " Folk high school " ) and the " Arbeiterbildungsheim " ( " Workers ' Training Home " ) in Jena and ran them until 1929 . In his " Hungermarsch nach Lappland " ( " Hunger March to Lappland " ) he described in diary form a punishing hike with some young jobless people in the far north . In 1929 - 1930 , he worked as an adviser to the Prussian Culture Minister Carl Heinrich Becker . From 1930 until 1933 , he was a professor at the newly founded Pedagogical Academy in Halle . After the Nazis seized power , he was let go for political reasons and sent off to Tiefensee in Brandenburg to become an elementary schoolteacher . There , until 1939 , he conducted many instructional experiments , which received a lot of attention , with educational progressivism and especially vocational education in mind . Reichwein described in his work " Schaffendes Schulvolk " ( " Productive School People " ) his instructional concept , inspired by the Wandervogel movement and labour - school pedagogy , whose main focus was on trips , activity - oriented instruction with school gardens , and projects spanning age groups . For " Sachunterricht " ( ~ field education , or practical learning ) and its history , he included important historical documents . Reichwein split the instructional content into a summer cycle ( natural sciences and social studies ) and a winter cycle ( " Man as former " / " in his territory " ) . From 1939 , Reichwein was working at the Folklore Museum in Berlin as a museum educator . As a member of the Kreisau Circle , Reichwein belonged to the resistance movement against Hitler . It is quite likely that he would have become culture minister in a democratic government . In early July 1944 , Reichwein was arrested by the Gestapo , and , in a trial against Julius Leber , Hermann Maaß and Gustav Dahrendorf , sentenced to death by Roland Freisler ' s " Volksgerichtshof " . He was killed next to Maaß at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin on 20 October 1944 .
HMS Vulture ( 1776 ) HMS " Vulture " was a 14 gun ship sloop of the " Swan " class , launched on 18 March 1776 . She served during both the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary War before being sold for disposal in 1802 . The " Vulture " is perhaps best known for being the warship to which Benedict Arnold fled on the Hudson River in 1780 after unsuccessfully trying to betray the Continental Army ' s fortress at West Point , New York to the British .
16th Division ( United States ) The 16th Division was an American infantry division in World War I . It was the second formation of that name raised in the United States , the first being renamed to 37th Infantry Division ( United States ) in 1917 . The division was organized in 1918 as a regular army and national army division for World War I . It did not go overseas and demobilized in March 1919 at Camp Kearny , California . It appears the second formation of the division may have been commanded by Major General David C . Shanks . Stephen J . Chamberlin was sent to Camp Kearny in September 1918 , to become assistant Chief of Staff to Major General Shanks .
CCGS Des Groseilliers The CCGS " Des Groseilliers " is a T1200 Class Medium Arctic Icebreaker in the Canadian Coast Guard . The vessel is named after Médard Chouart Des Groseilliers ( 1618 - 1669 ) a close associate of Pierre - Esprit Radisson in explorations west of the Great Lakes and the founding of the English Hudson ' s Bay Company . The vessel has participated in a number of research voyages , including Ice Station SHEBA . As part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment conducted in the Arctic Ocean from October 1997 to October 1998 to provide polar input to global climate model s , the " Des Groseilliers " was allowed to be frozen into the ice for the Arctic winter , to serve as a base for scientific researchers . In spring 2008 , the " Des Groseilliers " collided with the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society vessel , RV Farley Mowat , in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence , during the annual seal hunt . Paul Watson , head of the society , claimed that the icebreaker had rammed the society ' s research vessel . However , a spokesman for the department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada claimed that the research vessel " grazed " the icebreaker .
Arthur Palliser Admiral Sir Arthur Francis Eric Palliser KCB , DSC ( 1890 – 22 February 1956 ) was a prominent British naval officer during World War II . Early life and career . Palliser was born in Richmond , Surrey , the son of Arthur Palliser and Hester Brenda Boord . He was educated at Bradfield College , joined the Royal Navy ( RN ) as a Midshipman in 1907 and was trained at RN College , Dartmouth and RN College , Greenwich . By 1911 , he had achieved the rank of Lieutenant . Following service during World War I was awarded Distinguished Service Cross and " Croix de Guerre avec Palme " in 1917 . He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander in 1919 . In 1921 , Palliser married Margaret Eva King Salter , with whom he had a son and a daughter . From 1923 to 1925 he attended HMS " Excellent " , a gunnery school at Portsmouth . In 1927 – 28 , Palliser attended a staff course at RN Staff College , Greenwich . During 1930 – 32 , he achieved the rank of Captain and spent brief periods as Fleet Gunnery Officer , Mediterranean , Executive Officer of the battlecruiser HMS " Tiger " , with the Atlantic Fleet and as commander of the destroyer HMS " Blanche " , in the Mediterranean . During 1934 – 35 , he attended RN War College , Greenwich , followed by an appointment as Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief , China ( 1936 – 38 ) . Palliser returned to the gunnery school at " Excellent " , as commander , in 1938 – 40 . World War II . Palliser commanded the battleship HMS " Malaya " in 1940 – 41 and was an Aide de Camp to King George VI during the same period . In 1941 , he was appointed Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief of the British Eastern Fleet , Admiral Sir Thomas Phillips . During early 1942 , as a Rear Admiral , Palliser became Deputy Commander of Naval Forces , in the American - British - Dutch - Australian Command ( ABDACOM ) — a short - lived joint command for Allied forces in South East Asia and the South West Pacific — under the US Admiral Thomas C . Hart and the Dutch admiral Conrad Helfrich . Later that year , he was appointed Flag Officer and Fortress Commander at Trincomalee and also served in a staff position with the Royal Indian Navy at New Delhi . On 2 February 1943 he was Mentioned in Despatches for " good services in the a term used in British circles for ABDACOM ) . During 1943 , he returned to the UK to command the 1st Cruiser Squadron . In 1944 , Palliser was made Fourth Sea Lord and Chief of Supplies and Transport , a position he held until 1946 . From 1946 he held the position of Commander - in - Chief , East Indies Station . Palliser was made Knight Commander of the Bath in 1945 , and was made a full Admiral in 1947 . Palliser retired in 1948 and died on 22 February 1956 in Kensington , London .
Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle ( EKV ) can refer to two related missile defense concepts : The Raytheon EKV is launched by the Ground Based Interceptor ( GBI ) missile , the launch vehicle of the Ground - Based Midcourse Defense System . The EKV ' s own rockets and fuel are for corrections in the trajectory , not for further acceleration . An EKV is boosted to an intercept trajectory by a boost vehicle ( missile ) , where it separates from the boost vehicle and autonomously collides with an incoming warhead . EKV devices appear in both ground and ship based missile defense systems .