naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Virginius E . Clark Virginius Evans Clark ( February 27 , 1886 – January 30 , 1948 ) was an officer in the United States Army , a military aviation pioneer , and a World War I engineer . Clark designed the 1922 Clark Y airfoil used by many early aircraft . Biography . He was born on February 27 , 1886 to Harry Scott Clark in Uniontown , Pennsylvania . Clark graduated the United States Naval Academy in 1907 . He participated in the 1908 - 1909 round - the - world battleship voyage with the Great White Fleet . Later he was part of the Coast Artillery until 1912 . In 1913 Clark joined the Aeronautical Division , U . S . Signal Corps . In 1914 , Clark attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology for an aviation engineering course . In 1917 , Clark became a NACA member , and a member on the Joint Army and Navy Board on Rigid Airships . In 1917 Clark became the Commanding officer of McCook Field founding the current Aeronautical Systems Center . While at McCook , Clark and Verville designed the VCP - 1 , and Engineering Division TP - 1 aircraft . Clark was sent to Europe on the Aeronautical Commission on Aviation representing the Army . In 1922 Clark was also the Vice President of the Society of Automotive Engineers . In 1920 he became the chief engineer of the Dayton - Wright Company . In 1923 , He became the vice president of Consolidated . Clark later worked for the Duramold division of Fairchild Aircraft in 1938 . Clark designed the Fairchild 100 , Fairchild 150 , and the 46 Duramold ( later the Fairchild 46 - A ) . He became a consultant at Hughes Aircraft Company . Clark ' s Duramold process would later be used on the Spruce Goose . He died on January 30 , 1948 .
Newcastle Emlyn Castle Newcastle Emlyn Castle , in the town of Newcastle Emlyn in Carmarthenshire , Wales . The ruined 13th - century castle , mentioned in Brut y Tywysogion in 1215 , when it was seized by Llewelyn the Great ( ) . It was recaptured by English forces in 1288 , bringing Rhys ap Maredudd ' s revolt to an end . The castle was captured by the Welsh during the revolt of 1287 - 8 , and also by Owain Glyndŵr in 1403 .
John McGraw ( brigadier general ) John Robert McGraw was a retired Brigadier general ( United States ) . He was born in Lakemont , Blair County , Pennsylvania , in 1912 , to Howard and Emma McGraw . He graduated as salutatorian from Johnstown Senior High School , and graduated from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1934 as a doctor of medicine . Dr . McGraw worked in private practice from 1935 to 1936 in Pennsylvania as a general practitioner and surgeon . In 1937 , on his 25th birthday , he entered military service as a first lieutenant in the U . S . Army . By 1942 , within five years of joining the army , first lieutenant McGraw had advanced to the rank of colonel . In 1944 , Colonel McGraw was reassigned to the position of Assistant Commandant of the AAF School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field ( San Antonio ) Texas . In 1945 , Colonel McGraw served in the European Theater of Operations . He then served as a surgeon in the Thirteenth Air Force in the Pacific Theater . After World War II , Colonel McGraw returned to the School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field and served as the deputy commandant , and later as commandant . In 1956 , Colonel McGraw served as surgeon at the Headquarters Twelfth Air Force in Ramstein , Germany , and in 1958 , he transferred to Wheelus Air Base in Tripoli , Libya . In 1961 Colonel McGraw was reassigned to Offutt Air Force Base in Omaha , Nebraska , where he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general . Upon retirement from the Air Force , General McGraw moved to Miami , Florida where he became the Medical Director for Eastern Air Lines . He died in Miami , Florida in June 1976 .
Maquis Vallier The Maquis Vallier was one of the maquis groups of resistance fighters during World War II . The maquis operated in the north of the Var département , particularly in the Verdon valley . The maquis Vallier was initially part of the " Mouvements Unis de la Résistance " ( MUR ) organization , before becoming the primary structure of the " Armée secrète " ( AS ) in its zone . In 1944 , it was under the authority of the " comité départemental de libération " . The maquis Vallier was led by Louis Picoche . Like many maquis in that region , the maquis Vallier did not participate directly in the liberation of its sector , but joined the Moors and the coast in August 1944 to support the Provence landings .
USS Floyd B . Parks ( DD - 884 ) USS " Floyd B . Parks " ( DD - 884 ) , named for Major Floyd B . Parks USMC ( 1911 – 1942 ) , was a " Gearing " - class destroyer laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas on 30 October 1944 , launched on 31 March 1945 by Mrs . Floyd B . Parks , widow of Major Parks and commissioned on 31 July 1945 . " Floyd B . Parks " arrived at San Diego , her home port , 16 November 1945 , and sailed 20 November for her first tour of duty in the Far East , patrolling the coast of China and operating in the Marianas Islands until her return to San Diego 11 February 1947 . In the period prior to the outbreak of war in Korea , " Floyd B . Parks " twice more deployed to the Far East for duty with the US 7th Fleet , returning from her second such cruise 13 June 1950 , just before the North Koreans crossed the 38th parallel . At once she prepared to return to duty as a standby at Pearl Harbor , available should war spread , returning to San Diego 20 August . " Floyd B . Parks " sailed from San Diego 19 February 1951 to join in United Nations operations in Korea . On 16 March she joined the fast carrier task force , screening them during air operations off the east coast as well as spending a total of 60 days in Wonsan Harbor on blockade and bombardment duty . She returned to San Diego 10 October 1951 , and after west coast operations , sailed for duty in the Far East again 31 May 1952 . Along with duty similar to that of her first war cruise , she patrolled in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait . During her 1955 Far Eastern cruise , " Floyd B . Parks " took part in evacuation of the Tachen Islands , and while in the Orient once more 11 March 1956 , collided with , losing 2 men and a section of her bow . Skillful work by her crew saved their ship , and brought her safely into Subic Bay for temporary repairs . Upon her return to Long Beach Naval Shipyard 14 May 1956 , " Floyd B . Parks " ' damaged bow was replaced with that of the uncompleted destroyer and after completion of repairs and installation of new equipment " Floyd B . Parks " returned to her west coast - Far East rotation through 1962 . " Floyd B . Parks " operated with the Seventh Fleet in support of United Nations Forces during the Korean War . During the Vietnam War , " Floyd B . Parks " served as plane guard for aircraft carrier s on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf , participated in Operation Sea Dragon , patrolled on search and rescue duties , and carried out naval gunfire support missions . " Floyd B . Parks " was decommissioned on 2 July 1973 , stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 2 July 1973 , and sold for scrapping on 29 April 1974 .
James Kenan James Kenan ( 1740 – 1810 ) was a military leader of the American Revolutionary War , and an early senator of the state of North Carolina . James Kenan was elected Sheriff of Duplin County , North Carolina at age 22 . While serving as Stamp Master of North Carolina he led a company of volunteers to Wilmington to oppose the Stamp Act . He also served as Chairman of the Duplin and Wilmington Safety Committee . Later he was appointed brigadier general of the Wilmington militia district . Kenan served as a member of the state constitutional convention in 1788 and 1789 . Kenan also served as chairman on Ratification of the United States Constitution and one of the first trustees of the University of North Carolina . By the time he died he had served nine consecutive terms in North Carolina Senate . He belonged to the Masonic Fraternity and was worshipful master of St . John ' s lodge No . 13 of Duplin County . Kenan married Sarah Love " Sallie " March 13 , 1770 and produced eight children , including his son Thomas S . Kenan . Five members of his family would later become sheriff of Duplin County . Honors . Historical marker F - 26 was erected in his honor on North Carolina highway 24 about three miles west of Warsaw . Also , in November 2007 , he was inducted into the Duplin County Hall of Fame . In 1818 the new county seat of Duplin was named " Kenansville " in his honor . James Kenan High School located in Warsaw , North Carolina was named after him in 1958 .
Alex Morrison William Alexander ( Alex ) Morrison , MSC , CD ( born 1941 ) is a former Lieutenant Colonel of the Canadian Forces . Born in Sydney , Nova Scotia , he is a graduate of Xavier Junior College . He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968 from Mount Allison University . He joined the Canadian Forces in 1959 and retired as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1990 . While in the CF , he completed the year - long course at the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College ( 1970 ) and received a Master of Arts in war studies degree from Royal Military College of Canada , student # G0053 in 1980 . From 1980 to 1982 , he was an instructor at the Royal Military College of Canada where he taught an undergraduate course in Canadian Military History . He coached the RMC Debating Team from 1978 to 1982 . From 1983 to 1989 , he was the military advisor to the Canadian permanent representative to the UN . He was vice - chairman of UN Peacekeeping Committee . He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal in 1989 . From 1989 to 1997 , he was the executive director of the Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies . In 1994 , he became the founding president of the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre . He is the author of " The Voice of Defence ; The History of the Conference of Defence Associations " ( 1982 ) and " The Breed of Manly Men : the History of the Cape Breton Highlanders " ( 1994 ) . He was the 2002 recipient of the Pearson Medal of Peace for his work in peacekeeping serving in the military of Canada for over thirty years .
Zibhebhu kaMaphitha Zibhebhu kaMaphitha ( 1841 – 1904 ) ( also called UZibhebhu or Usibepu ) was a Zulu chief 1883 - 1884 ; rival of Cetshwayo . Zibhebhu was a son of Maphita , son of Sojiyisa . He was one of the 13 ' kinglets ' allocated land in the aftermath of the Anglo - Zulu War , and vied for the royal succession with another of Cetshwayo ' s sons , Dinuzulu . The British , seeing the futility of the division of Zululand , determined to restore Cetshwayo as the ultimate chief . However , they left Usibepu alone and his lands intact . Both Zibhebhu and Dinuzulu befriended Boer mercenaries to help them in their claims . On the 22 July 1883 , led by a troop of mounted white mercenaries , Zibhebhu made a sudden descent upon Cetshwayo ' s kraal at Ulundi , which he destroyed . All Zibhebhu ' s men wore a piece of leopard skin round their heads as a distinguishing mark . Cetshwayo escaped , though wounded , into Nkandla forest . After repeated pleas from the Resident Commissioner , Sir Melmoth Osborn , the king moved to Eshowe , where he died a few months later , possibly by poisoning . Dinuzulu was left to fight for the succession , and with the help of General Louis Botha and Dinuzulu ' s Volunteers defeated Zibhebhu and his army at the Battle of Ghost Mountain ( also known as the Battle of Tshaneni ) . Skulls were so numerous at the site of the battle that they were used as road edge markers years later . Zibhebhu and Eckersley , a white trader , escaped by climbing the Lubombo mountain . In September 1884 Zibhebhu guided the remnant of the Mandlakazi , about 6 , 000 people , into the Reserve ; an area set aside for Zulu not loyal to the Zulu royal house .
Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto The Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto was one of the ghettos established by the German Nazis for the local Jewish population in the General Government during the Holocaust in World War II . At the end of September 1939 , following the Soviet invasion of Poland , the Red Army occupied the city of Międzyrzec Podlaski , but at the beginning of October , the Soviet Union surrendered the city to Germany as part of the Hitler - Stalin Pact . Following the exchange , approximately 2 , 000 of the city ’ s Jews left for the Soviet - occupied zone . The Germans erected a transfer ghetto in the city holding up to 20 , 000 Jewish prisoners at its peak . On the seventeenth of July 1943 , the ghetto was liquidated , with all Jews deported to Treblinka and Majdanek death camps ; at which time the last 160 – 200 residents were shot , and the city was officially declared free of Jews . Fewer than 1 % of the Jewish population of the city survived the German occupation .
Joseph Orleck Joseph Orleck ( 22 January 1906 – 9 September 1943 ) was an officer in the United States Navy . Born at Columbus , Ohio , Orleck enlisted in the Navy 23 June 1924 . Rising through the enlisted ranks , he was warranted Boatswain , 14 December 1938 , and appointed Ensign , 15 June 1942 . He assumed command of , 28 May 1943 with the rank of Lieutenant . Lt . Orleck went down with his ship after a Luftwaffe bomber attack in the Gulf of Salerno , 9 September 1943 . A recipient of the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for rescue work during the Casablanca invasion , he was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his courageous firefighting and flood control efforts to prevent total loss of his ship during the Salerno assault .
Werner Weihrauch Werner Weihrauch ( 22 August 1916 – 22 August 1999 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he flew 992 missions .
USS Dynamic ( AM - 91 ) USS " Dynamic " ( AM - 91 ) was an of the United States Navy . Laid down on 16 January 1942 by the Dravo Corporation , Neville Island , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , launched on 26 May 1942 , and commissioned on 15 September 1942 . The ship was reclassified as a submarine chaser PC - 1595 on 1 June 1944 . World War II North Atlantic Operations . " Dynamic " arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , on 22 November and was assigned to Local Defense Force , Bermuda . She patrolled off Bermuda and escorted convoys to Norfolk and Key West , Florida . On 1 June 1944 her name was canceled and her classification changed to " PC - 1595 " . As submarine chaser . " PC - 1595 " sailed from Norfolk on 4 July 1944 for duty in the Mediterranean . Arriving at Bizerte , Tunisia , on 23 July , she got underway three days later to escort to Naples . She screened an assault convoy to Ajaccio , Corsica , from which the group sortied on 14 August for the invasion of southern France . She covered the landings at Baie de Briande on 18 August , then sailed on the 22nd to escort convoys between Naples and Palermo . She arrived at Baie de Bon Porte on 4 September for escort duty along the coast of France and Italy . " PC - 1595 " arrived at Oran , Algeria , on 21 May 1945 , and six days later sailed with 11 other PC ' s for Charleston , South Carolina , arriving 13 June after calling at the Azores and Bermuda . Post - war decommissioning . Two days later she reported to Jacksonville , Florida , where she was decommissioned on 19 November 1945 and transferred to the Maritime Commission on 21 October 1946 for disposal . " PC - 1595 " received one battle star for World War II service .
Maquis de Fontjun The Maquis de Fontjun was a one of the maquis networks of French resistance fighters against the German occupation during World War II . The Fontjun maquis was active in the west of the Hérault département , between Saint - Pons and Béziers . Composition of the maquis . The members of the maquis were originally from the canton of Capestang : The maquisards were shot on 7 June 1944 at the place du Champ - de - Mars at Béziers .
John Hungerford ( congressman ) John Pratt Hungerford ( January 2 , 1761 – December 21 , 1833 ) was an 18th - and 19th - century politician and lawyer from Virginia . Born in Leeds , Virginia , Hungerford received an elementary education under private teachers as a child . He studied law and was admitted to the bar . He served in the Revolutionary War and later became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates , serving from 1797 to 1801 and from there to the Virginia State Senate , serving from 1801 to 1809 and was a Democratic - Republican member elect in the United States House of Representatives in 1811 . He was later elected to the House in 1812 , serving from 1813 to 1817 . Hungerford served in the War of 1812 as a brigadier general of militia and later returned to the House of Delegates , serving again from 1823 to 1830 . He died at " Twiford " in Westmoreland County , Virginia on December 21 , 1833 and was interred in Hungerford Cemetery in Leedstown , Virginia .
Rühm A rühm ( ) is a small military unit in the armed forces of Estonia , led by a non - commissioned officer ( NCO ) that is subordinate to an infantry company . A " rühm " is bigger than a jagu ( " squad " ) but smaller than a kompanii ( " company " ) . It is also one of the smallest military formations among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units . Leadership . It usually consists thirty to fifty soldier s , and is further subdivided into squad s . " Rühm " is composed of five squads of ten soldiers each , as well as a platoon leader ( " rühmapealik " ) who is usually a junior lieutenant ( " nooremleitnant " ) . His second in command is known as a platoon sergeant ( " rühmapealiku abi " ) . Organization . One single " rühm " is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other " rühms " on a landscale not greater than 300 × 400 metres . There is no logistical support element in the structure of a " rühm " . The formation transport is usually made up by three to five tactical transport vehicles such as Mercedes - Benz UNIMOG 435 . Other military uses . In some armies , platoon is used throughout the branches of the army . In others , such as the British Army , most platoons are infantry platoons , while some carry other designations such as tank , mortar , or heavy weapons platoon s . In a few armies , such as the French Army , a platoon is specifically a cavalry unit , and the infantry use section as the equivalent unit .
Sir Charles Ross , 9th Baronet Sir Charles Henry Augustus Frederick Lockhart Ross , 9th Baronet ( 4 April 1872 – 29 June 1942 ) was a Scottish inventor and commercial entrepreneur who invented the innovative and often controversial straight - pull actioned Ross rifle . Ross was born at Balnagown Castle , the son of Sir Charles William Frederick Augustus Lockhart - Ross , 8th Baronet and his second wife , Rebecca Sophia Barnes of Tufnell Park . He inherited the Baronetcy on the death of his father in 1893 when he was aged 11 . He was educated at Eton College and while he was there his mother ' s indulgences on him included " a magnificent ocean - going steam yacht , a large sailing yacht , the most superbly appointed and biggest steam launch for river use on the Thames , and a coach and four " . When he came of age he instituted a lawsuit against his mother for having , during his minority , spent more of the revenues of his estates upon than she was entitled to by law or by the terms of the will . He was then at Trinity College , Cambridge . In 1894 he rowed in the Cambridge boat in the Boat Race . He was known as a capable sharpshooter and big game hunter . Ross became a lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion , the Seaforth Highlanders and served in the Second Anglo - Boer War . He designed the Ross rifle , which was initially used by his own Machine Gun Battery during the Boer War . He was a captain in Lovat Scouts Yeomanry from 1904 to 1913 . He was an advisor on small arms to the Canadian Government and he designed and built the plant of the West Kootenay Power and Light Co . on the Kootenay River at Bonnington Falls . During World War I his Ross rifle was mass - produced for the Canadian army . Sporting rifles bearing the Ross name were also popular for a time after the First World War , as was the . 280 ( approximately 7 mm ) Ross sporting rifle cartridge . Ross was said to have been Britain ' s largest landowner , possessing Scottish lands extending to an estimated , with 3 , 000 tenants . At one point , in an attempt to evade United Kingdom taxation on the income from his arms manufacturing , Ross declared his Easter Ross , Scotland estate of Balnagown to be a territory of the United States of America , which led to his being branded an outlaw for a time by the British Government . Ross married thrice : first to Winifred Berens ( marriage dissolved in 1897 ) ; then to Patricia Ellison , who divorced him in 1930 ; and , in 1938 , to his American secretary Dorothy Mercado . Dorothy inherited Balnagown Castle on Ross ' s death aged 70 in St . Petersburg , Florida . Balnagown Castle , not far from the north shore of the Cromarty Firth near Invergordon , and adjacent parts of the once - extensive Ross estate of Balnagown have been owned since 1972 by billionaire businessman and Harrods owner Mohamed Al - Fayed , who has restored the castle .
Anatra V . I . The Anatra V . I . ( for Ivanov - Voisin , not the Roman numeral VI ) was a Russia n reconnaissance aircraft of World War I . It was a redesign of the French Voisin Type L undertaken by Podporuchik Piotr Ivanov in Zhmerinka . The Voisin ' s fuselage pod was replaced by a streamlined , plywood construction that included an all - new mount for the observer ' s machine gun and an aluminium firewall between the pilot ' s cockpit and the aircraft ' s fuel tank . The wings and landing gear were strengthened as well . Despite the machine ' s greater weight , it was 20 km / h ( 12 mph ) faster in the air than the Voisin that it was based on , and was quickly ordered into production . In practice , however , the aircraft that reached operational units were poorly built and therefore disliked by their crews .
USS Gemini ( PHM - 6 ) USS " Gemini " ( PHM - 6 ) was the final ship of her class of hydrofoils operated by the U . S . Navy . She was named for the constellation . " Pegasus " class vessels were designed for high speed and mobility , and carried a powerful ( for their size ) armament .