naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alcázar of Toledo The Alcázar of Toledo ( , ) is a stone fortification located in the highest part of Toledo , Spain . Once used as a Roman palace in the 3rd century , it was restored under Charles I and Philip II of Spain in the 1540s . In 1521 , Hernán Cortés was received by Charles I at the Alcázar , following Cortes ' conquest of the Aztecs . Spanish Civil War . During the Spanish Civil War , Colonel José Moscardó Ituarte held the building against overwhelming Spanish Republican forces in the Siege of the Alcázar . The incident became a central piece of Spanish Nationalist lore , especially the story of Moscardó ' s son Luis . The Republicans took 16 - year old Luis hostage , and demanded that the Alcázar be surrendered or they would kill him . Luis told his father , " Surrender or they will shoot me . " His father replied , " Then commend your soul to God , shout ' Viva Cristo Rey ' and die like a hero . " Moscardó refused to surrender . Contemporary reports indicated that the Republicans then murdered Moscardó ' s son . Other historians have reported that Luis was not in fact shot until a month later " in reprisal for an air raid " . The dramatic story also camouflages the fact that the fate of a number of male hostages , mainly from the Guardia Civil , taken into the Alcázar at the beginning of the siege is unclear . Some sources say the men " were never heard of again " . However at least one journalist who visited the Alcázar in the immediate aftermath of its liberation saw a number of prisoners chained to a railing in a cellar . The events of the Spanish Civil War at the Alcázar made the structure a symbol for Spanish Nationalism and inspired the naming of " El Alcázar " , a far - right newspaper that began during the civil war and ended during the Spanish transition to democracy as the mouthpiece for Búnker , a faction of Francoists who opposed reform after Francisco Franco ' s death . By the end of the siege , the building had been severely damaged . After the war , it was rebuilt and now houses the Castilla - La Mancha Regional Library ( " Biblioteca Autonómica " ) and the Museum of the Army ( " Museo del Ejército " ) , the latter having previously been housed in the Salón de Reinos in Madrid to the Alcázar .
John Crowell ( Ohio ) John Crowell ( September 15 , 1801 – March 8 , 1883 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio . Biography . Born in East Haddam , Connecticut , Crowell moved to Ohio in 1806 with his parents , who settled in Rome Township , Ashtabula County , Ohio , where his father , Samuel Crowell , was the first settler . He attended the district school . He moved to Warren , Ohio , in 1822 . He attended Warren Academy 1822 - 1825 . He studied law . He was admitted to the bar in 1827 and commenced practice in Warren . He was also part owner and editor of the Western Reserve Chronicle at Warren . He served as member of the State senate in 1840 . Crowell was elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth and Thirty - first Congresses ( March 4 , 1847 – March 3 , 1851 ) . In the 1846 election he defeated John Hutchins , abolitionist , and Rufus P . Ranney , Democrat . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1850 . He moved to Cleveland , Ohio , in 1852 and resumed the practice of law . He served in the State militia for twenty years , holding the rank of brigadier general and subsequently that of major general . He became editor of the Western Law Monthly , published in Cleveland , and a member of the faculty of the Homeopathic Medical College . He served as president of the Ohio State and Union Law College of Cleveland from 1862 to 1876 , when he retired . He died in Cleveland , Ohio , March 8 , 1883 . He was interred in Lake View Cemetery . Crowell was married to Eliza B . Estabrook in 1833 , and had four children .
William Knox Leet William Knox - Leet VC CB ( Dalkey , County Dublin 3 November 1833 – 29 June 1898 ) , was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Leet was 45 years old , and a Major in the 1st Bn . , 13th Regiment of Foot ( later The Somerset Light Infantry ( Prince Albert ' s ) ) , British Army during the Anglo - Zulu War when the following deed took place on 28 March 1879 at Battle of Hlobane , Zululand , South Africa for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross : During the Third Anglo - Burmese War ( 1885 – 87 ) , then - Colonel Knox - Leet commanded the Infantry ' s 2nd Battalion , of which 144 men lost their lives in battle . Their names are listed on the Burma Memorial in Taunton , Somersetshire . This was the 2nd Battalion ' s first operation . Knox - Leet was eventually promoted to Major General . He married Charlotte Elizabeth Anne Sherlock , a daughter of Thomas Henry Sherlock and Mary Catherine Kingston of Bandon , Co . Cork , Ireland . They had two sons , Bertie Fielding Knox Leet and Dudley Knox Leet . William retired in July 1887 , died in Great Chart , Kent , on 29 June 1898 . A memorial to him is in Great Chart Churchyard . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Somerset Light Infantry Museum , located in Taunton , Somerset , England .
Francis Palmes Lieutenant - General Francis Palmes MP ( died 1719 ) was a noted favourite general of the Duke of Marlborough . Early life . Palmes was the second son of Francis Palmes of Carcraig and Elizabeth Taylor , daughter of Thomas Taylor of Ballyport , County Limerick . The Palmes family of Carcraig was a cadet branch of the Palmes family of Naburn . Military career . Palmes began a lengthy military career shortly after the Revolution , being granted a captain ’ s commission in the regiment of the eldest son of the Earl of Devonshire in 1688 . He served in Ireland through the 1690s and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel . He saw service during the War of the Spanish Succession . Battle of Blenheim . Palmes assumed command of his regiment at the Battle of Blenheim . Reports from the battle state that ' hardly anyone was more instrumental to the success of that day ' than Palmes , and his endeavours appear to have attracted the attention of the Duke of Marlborough . The Duke of Marlborough recommended Palmes for appointment to the rank of brigadier general . In August he was promoted to this rank and commissioned as brevet colonel of horse . Marlborough ’ s patronage of a similar note was also received by two other Irishmen , the Earl of Cardogan and Thomas Meredyth in the mid - 1700s . Palmes was closely associated with the two . The Duke of Marlborough was accused as having Brigadier Cadogan , Brigadier Palmes and Brigadier Meredith as his favourites . A poem from 1707 recognised this close relationship between Palmes and the Duke of Marlborough and states that ' Palmes was to marry Marlborough ’ s illegitimate daughter and receive a portion of £10 , 000 ' . He was promoted to major - general in 1707 . Political positions . Palmes stood at the by - election on 23 January 1707 for UK Parliament constituency and was successful . He did not stand for re - election in 1708 . Diplomatic missions . From February 1708 Palmes travelled extensively , undertaking mission to the United Provinces , Hanover , Prussia , Vienna and Savoy in order to concert measures with the allies . He was promoted to lieutenant - general in the Army in 1709 and became envoy to Poland in 1718 .
Alexander Hood ( Royal Navy officer ) Captain Alexander Hood ( 23 April 1758 – 2 April 1798 ) was an officer of the Royal Navy , one of several members of the Hood family to serve at sea including his brother Sir Samuel Hood who were both sponsored into the Royal Navy by their uncles once removed Viscount Hood and Alexander Hood . Career . He entered the Royal Navy in 1767 , and accompanied Captain James Cook in his second voyage of exploration from 1772 to 1775 . During the American Revolutionary War , under Admirals Richard Howe and George Rodney he distinguished himself in the West Indies , and in July 1781 was promoted to captain . Shortly thereafter , he was given command of the 98 - gun second rate ship of the line , " HMS Barfleur . " It was not uncommon for an extremely junior captain to find himself commanding a large ship - of - the - line " if " that ship were the flagship of an experienced admiral , who would be able to keep a close eye on the new captain . In this case , the " Barfleur " was the flagship of his cousin , Admiral Sir Samuel Hood . On 5 September they took the " Barfleur " into battle at the Battle of the Chesapeake , where the ship served as flagship of the Van of Sir Thomas Graves ' fleet . At the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April 1782 , Hood was in command of one of Rodney ' s frigates . Later , again under his brother ' s command , he proceeded to the Mona passage , where he captured the French corvette " Ceres " . Hood became close friends with the commander of his prize , the Baron de Peroy , and during the peace of 1783 – 1792 paid a long visit to France as his former prisoner ' s guest . Also married Elizabeth Periam on 11 July 1792 . In the early part of the French Revolutionary Wars , ill health kept him at home , and it was not until 1797 that he went afloat again . His first experience was bitter ; his ship , the 74 - gun third - rate " Mars " , was unenviably prominent in the Spithead mutiny . On 2 April 1798 " Mars " fought the Battle of the Raz de Sein with the French ship " Hercule " in the dusk near the Pointe du Raz on the coast of Brittany . " Hercule " attempted to escape through the Passage du Raz but the tide was running in the wrong direction and she was forced to anchor , giving Hood the chance to attack at close quarters . The two ships were of equal force , both seventy - four s , but " Hercule " was newly commissioned ; after more than an hour and a half of bloody fighting at close quarters she struck her flag , having lost over three hundred men . On " Mars " 31 men were killed and 60 wounded . Among the dead was Captain Hood , mortally wounded in the thigh . He is said to have died just as the sword of the French captain L ' Hériter was being put in his hand . Hood has a house named after him at The Royal Hospital School , Suffolk
Sir William Houston , 1st Baronet General Sir William Houston , 1st Baronet , GCB , GCH ( 10 August 1766 – 8 April 1842 ) was a General in the British Army and the Governor of Gibraltar . Military career . Houston was commissioned into the 31st ( Huntingdonshire ) Regiment of Foot in 1781 . He commanded the 58th Regiment of Foot at the Battle of Minorca in 1798 . Later he commanded a Brigade at the Siege of Alexandria . He also commanded the 7th Division during the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro in 1811 and the Battle of Badajoz in 1812 . Houston was Governor of Gibraltar from 8 April 1831 to 28 February 1835 . He set up the first official free school on Flat Bastion Road in Gibraltar whilst he was governor in 1832 . After a career in the British Army he ultimately became a General in 1837 . On 5 November 1808 he married Lady Jane Maitland , the fourth daughter of James Maitland , 7th Earl of Lauderdale . He died at Bromley Hill on 8 April 1842 and was interred in the catacombs at West Norwood Cemetery .
Capture of Gawilghur The Capture of Gawilghur fort in western India by British East India Company forces under the command of Sir Arthur Wellesley on 15 December 1803 during the Second Anglo - Maratha War was the culminating act in the defeat of the forces of Raghoji II Bhonsle , Rajah of Berar . Gawilghur was commanded by killa - dar Beny Singh . At the time , Gawilghur was considered unassailable and the defenders believed they could hold the mountain fortress regardless of whatever the British Army threw at it . The defensive works consisted of two fortress , one outer and one inner . The Outer Fort was considered more of a decoy , and behind that lay a ravine , across which lay the gate to the Inner Fort . An army could theoretically capture the Outer Fort before realizing that the greater task lay in assaulting the inner . The Inner Fort was protected by several gates , the first of which was the least defensible . After breaking through that first gate , however , an assaulting army would turn sharply to the left and follow a narrow passage up to a second gate , all the while being harangued by the defenders from above . This was largely the case when Arthur Wellesley ' s army attacked Gawilghur . Lieutenant - Colonel Kenny , of the 11th Regiment of Foot succeeded in taking the Outer Fort , and led the assault on the Inner Fort , supported by flank companies of the 94th Regiment of Foot , and sepoys from Major General James Stevenson ' s division . At the same time , the 74th and 78th highlanders diverted the attention of the defenders by false attacks from the south . The assault might have been doomed to failure in the narrow passageways of the Inner Fort had it not been for the bravery of an officer of the 94th . Captain Campbell and his Light Company discovered a way to climb the ravine and cross the Inner Fort ' s wall . They were then able to successfully assault the gatehouses from behind and win the day for the British . When the Second Anglo - Maratha war ended , Gawilghur was returned to the Maratha Empire , although it was never again used as a stronghold . Lady Elizabeth Longford , in her book " Wellington , the Years of the Sword " , quotes Jac Weller whose opinion of Gawilghur was that ' three reasonably effective troops of Boy Scouts armed with rocks could have kept out several times their number of professional soldiers ' .
Fort Vinton Fort Vinton , also known as " Post # 2 " , was a small Florida military outpost that existed from 1839 to 1858 . Location of the fort is approximately a mile south of highway 60 near 122nd Avenue . The fort existed mostly to help quell the periodic problems with the Seminole Amerindians and was abandoned in 1850 after the final battle with that tribe . It was reopened for the third Seminole War from 1856 - 1858 . For most of its existence it was simply known as " Post # 2 " but was renamed in honor of Major John Rogers Vinton ( 1801 – 1847 ) just before it was closed in May 1850 . In the 19th century , the fort ' s location would have been on the edge of a humid mosquito - infested cypress swamp , days away from any trace of civilization . Today the area is planted in oranges and grapefruit , though it ' s still humid and mosquito - infested .
Cluster bombing of Niš The Cluster bomb ing of Niš was an event that occurred on 7 May 1999 during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . It was the most serious incident involving civilian deaths and the use of cluster bombs . The cluster bombs had been dropped by Dutch F - 16s . Incident . On 7 May 1999 , between the time of 11 : 30 and 11 : 40 , a NATO attack was carried out with two containers of cluster bombs directed at Niš Airport , located at the end of the city . The bombs missed their target and fell near the city center . The bombs were scattered from the two containers and were carried by the wind and then fell in three locations in the central part of the city : Fortress and " 12th February " Health Centre A report from Human Rights Watch stated that 14 civilians were killed , with another 28 injured . Aftermath . After the incident the Dutch stopped using cluster bombs in the campaign , whereas the other NATO members kept using them . Today , hundreds of unexploded cluster munitions can still be found in the Serbian countryside , despite the best efforts of the Serbian government to clear all of the sites of such munitions .
Brent Brandon Brent D . Brandon ( born 1960 ) is a former U . S . Air Force officer and Electronic Warfare Officer who scored an air - to - air kill against an Iraqi Dassault Mirage F1 , in the opening minutes of the Gulf War on January 17 , 1991 . During an engagement that involved aggressive , low - altitude maneuvering , the F - 1 impacted the ground making Brandon ' s unarmed EF - 111 the only F - 111 to achieve an aerial victory over another aircraft . Background . After schooling near Oxford , England , Brent graduated in 1978 from The Bahrain School , an international high school in the Persian Gulf with students from 28 nations . He earned an appointment to the United States Air Force Academy , graduating in 1984 as the outstanding graduate in military performance and the outstanding graduate in political science . He earned a Master of Public Policy degree in 1986 from the John F . Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University . During his fellowship , he completed a policy analysis for the U . S . State Department ' s Bureau for Near East Asia , served as research assistant for the director of Harvard ' s Mid - East Center and performed economic policy analysis on trade for the Japanese Consulate in Boston . As an United States Air Force captain , Brent completed undergraduate navigator training as a distinguished graduate and received his wings in 1988 . He was assigned to the EF - 111 fighter aircraft at Mountain Home Air Force Base , Idaho after winning the Air Force ' s award for Leadership , Flying and Academic Excellence and top honors in the AT - 38 at Lead - In Fighter training at Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico . Brandon is a combat veteran with 28 combat missions in Operation Desert Storm , including the first wave attack on January 17 , 1991 for which he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross . Other decorations include the Air Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Aerial Achievement Medal , Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon and the National Defense Medal . Upon his return from the Gulf War , Brandon was drafted to run for the congressional seat in the 1st District of Idaho , but declined . He is the author of " The Evolution of Nuclear Deterrence " in " American Defense Policy " and has been the keynote speaker across the northwest , including at a state - wide banquet whose former keynote speakers included Vice President Richard B . Cheney . As spokesman for Washington Group International , he has been widely quoted in media sources including the New York Times , Fortune Magazine , and major network affiliates . He is a contributing author to American Defense ( Johns Hopkins Press . )
Herbert Rieckhoff Herbert Rieckhoff ( 25 December 1898 – 30 November 1948 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Herbert Rieckhoff was captured by Allied troops in May 1945 and was released in 1948 .
Fan Lau Fort Fan Lau Fort ( Chinese : 分流炮台 ) is a fort in Fan Lau , the southwest corner of Lantau Island in Hong Kong . It is a declared a monument of Hong Kong . History . Zheng He once travel Fan Lau . According to Macau Gazetteer , the fort was built in 1729 during 7th year of Yongzheng during Qing Dynasty , when it was recorded that two forts were constructed on Lantau Island . It was believed that the fort was once occupied by pirates . The fort would have been retaken by government troops after the surrender of pirates to the Qing government in 1810 . After the lease of the New Territories to the British in 1898 , the fort was abandoned . The ruins were restored between 1985 and 1990 . Structure . The fort is rectangular in shape with dimension 46 metres by 21 metres .
Artem Ohandjanian Artem Ohandjanian is an Austrian - Armenia n historian and documentalist , Honorary Doctor of Sciences Academy of Armenia . He is the deputy head of the " Franz Werfel Committee " ( Austria ) . Since 1982 he worked at Austrian state archives and in 1995 published Armenia - related documents and materials of 1872 - 1936 in 12 volumes . He is the author of " 1915 : The Forgotten Genocide " ( 1989 , Vienna ) which was translated and published in different languages . He also authored works called " Franz Werfel and the 40 Days of Musa Dagh " and " The Armenian Question , Austro - Hungary and Germany " , published by the Armenian Genocide Museum - Institute in German . He is an author of about 70 films that mainly refer to Armenian history and culture . He was the prize - winner of 6 international film festivals . The latest award he received in Chicago , 2001 for his film dedicated to Sergei Parajanov . References . Personal Website
Hans Flügel Hans Flügel ( 13 February 1919 — 1 March 1989 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Hans Flügel was born on the 13 February 1919 , in Arzberg . After he finished school at the age of 16 he volunteered to join the SS in August 1935 . He was posted to the 1st SS Totenkopf Standarte " Oberbayern " ( Upper Bavaria ) and was then transferred to the 12th Company " Deutschland " . He missed the Polish Campaign as he had been selected to become an officer and was posted to the SS - Junkerschule at Bad Tölz , when he graduated he was given command in the 4th ( MG ) Company , SS " Deutschland " for the Battle of France . World War II . After the Battle of France , Flügel was given command of the 8th Company , SS " Deutschland " , and later transferred to the Reconnaissance Battalion , of " Das Reich " . In the spring of 1942 he transferred to the 5th SS Panzer Battalion , SS Division " Wiking " as commander of the 2nd Company , which was engaged in the offensive at Rostov in the Caucasus . In 1943 he was selected to be the Ordonnanzoffizier ( aide - de - camp ) , to Obergruppenführer ( General ) , Felix Steiner and helped form the 103 SS Heavy Panzer Battalion , where he was in command of the 1st Company . In mid 1944 he returned to the SS " Wiking " as the Adjutant of the 5th SS Panzer Regiment , until August 1944 when he took over command of the II . Battalion , 5th SS Panzer Regiment . It was while in Command of the II . Battalion that he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on the 16 October 1944 . Post War . Hans Flügel survived the war and died on the 1 March 1989 , in Naila .
Battle of Laswari The Battle of Laswari took place on November 1 , 1803 near Laswari village , Alwar . It was part of the Second Anglo - Maratha War . The British , commanded by General Lake were about 10 , 000 men strong , opposing the Sindhia ' s Maratha army of 9 , 000 veteran infantry and 5 , 000 cavalry . The British were also supported by allied troops from Alwar . The Maratha infantry made a most gallant defence , standing their ground until the survivors laid down their arms . The cavalry also suffered heavily . Seventy - two guns and a large quantity of ammunition and stores were captured . On 17 December 1803 , Raghuji Bhonsale ( II ) of Nagpur signed the Treaty of Deogaon with the British after the Battle of Laswari and gave up the province of Cuttack including Balasore .