naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Arturo Enrile Arturo Tiongson Enrile ( June 20 , 1940 – January 14 , 1998 ) was the Secretary of the Department of Transportation and Communication of the Philippines from April 1997 – January 1998 . Early life . Enrile was born on June 20 , 1940 in Lucena City . Son of Felix Enrile and Jovita Tiongson . He was the cousin of the late former President Corazon Aquino and Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile . Personal life . He was married to Mara Enrile . And they have a daughter named Tanya . As Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines . Enrile , Class 1962 , was FVR ’ s first appointment as chief of staff from April 12 , 1994 to November 28 , 1996 . As DOTC Secretary . On April 14 , 1997 , the DOTC was placed under new stewardship of Enrile . Death . Enrile died in January 1998 after his major organs ( liver heart , kidney , lungs ) were attacked by bacteria . Doctors spent a lot of time explaining to media representatives and live TV cameras that the former AFP chief of staff did not die from the Hong Kong Bird Flu . Enrile , 57 , was rushed to the Makati Medical Center Monday after collapsing at home . Doctors said the retired general was in a state of shock when he reached the hospital . An official medical bulletin said Enrile died from complications arising from virulent viral infection , or " multiple organ failure due to septic shock and streptococcal pneumonic bacteraemia . " President Ramos expressed his deep condolences for the " untimely demise of a devoted public servant and leader " and attended the wake . Appointed to replace Enrile as Secretary of Transportation and Communications was Undersecretary Josefina Lichauco , the most senior DOTC undersecretary . His remains were left in Libingan ng Mga Bayani in Taguig City .
Alistair Horne Sir Alistair Allan Horne CBE FRSL ( born 9 November 1925 ) is a British journalist , biographer and historian of Europe , especially of 19th and 20th century France . He is a son of Sir Allan Horne ( died 1944 ) and Auriol ( " née " Hay - Drummond ) , niece of the 13th Earl of Kinnoull . Biography . Youth and education . As a boy during World War II , Horne was sent to live in the United States . He attended Millbrook School , where he befriended William F . Buckley , Jr . , who remained a lifelong friend . Horne served in the RAF in 1943 – 44 and later as an officer in the Coldstream Guards from 1944 – 1947 . He graduated from Jesus College , Cambridge as a Master of Arts ( Master ) and in 1993 received the degree of LittD from the University of Cambridge . Career . Horne worked as a foreign correspondent for " The Daily Telegraph " from 1952 – 1955 . He is the biographer of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan , a work originally published ( in two volumes ) in 1988 and author of the authorised biography of former U . S . Secretary of State Henry Kissinger ( author ' s statement , Paris , 13 June 2008 ) . Following the 2003 US invasion of Iraq , Horne ' s 1977 book " A Savage War of Peace : Algeria 1954 - 1962 " came to be of much interest to American military officers , having been recommended to U . S . President George W . Bush by Dr Henry Kissinger . In October , 2006 the book was republished and in January 2007 , by phone from his home in England , Sir Alistair was invited to take part in an Iraq War discussion panel on the " Charlie Rose Show " on PBS . Sir Alistair is an Honorary Fellow of St Antony ' s College , Oxford ; a cricket enthusiast , he is a Vice President of the V & A CC . Summoned to the Bush White House . It was reported , in the 2 July 2007 edition of the " Washington Post " , that Horne met with President Bush sometime in mid - 2007 at the administration ' s request . Staff writer Peter Baker relays that they discussed philosophy and history ; he also quoted Horne to have said that , " You think about Prime Ministers and Presidents being surrounded by Cabinet officials and aides and so forth , but at the end of the day , they ' re alone . They ' re lonely . And that ' s what occurred to me as I was at the White House . It must be quite difficult for him ( George W . Bush ) to get out and about . " He described his visit in a " Daily Telegraph " article .
Durand Airfield Durand Airfield ( also known as 17 - Mile Drome ) is a former World War II airfield near Port Moresby , Papua New Guinea . It was part of a multiple - airfield complex in the Port Moresby area , located from Port Moresby , to the north of the Waigani swamp . The airfield was known as ' 17 Mile ' or sometimes ' Waigani ' . Waigani swamp is located at the end of the airfield . Pilots feared crashing into during bad take offs or landings under the belief there were crocodiles in it . On November 10 , 1942 it was officially renamed " Durand Airfield " to honor of MIA P - 39 pilot Edward D . Durand missing on a mission against Lae . History . Durand Airfield consisted of a single main runway , running roughly NW - SE , being constructed by the 808th Airborne Engineers , and completed in August 1942 . The runway was separate from the dispersal and camp areas , where revetments were carved into hillsides and taxiways elevated for drainage . Gun pits built of 55 gallon drums for anti - aircraft were built on the surrounding hills , and buildings on concrete slabs , or tents on gravel from the nearby quarry . Many squadrons rotated in and out of the Airfield during its peak usage . Major units assigned to the station were : The airstrip was active during late 1942 and all of 1943 as a front - line base , It became a rear area when units moved forward to the Dobodura area . As the airfield was located some distance from Port Moresby , the airfield has remained relatively isolated and disused since the war . There are no settlements on the airfield , only occasionally do people pass through the area searching for firewood or hunting . The runway , revetments and taxiway system are still present , but only clearly visible in the dry season when the grass has been burned away .
Artillery museum An artillery museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of artillery . In addition to actual or replica ordnance ( guns , mortars , ammunition , etc . ) , exhibits can include photographs , maps , models , dioramas , clothing and equipment used by gunners . Artillery museums may be owned by national , regional or local governments or entities , or by private associations . They may display their equipment only statically or in working order ( e . g . : self - propelled gun s ) . Some museums have sets of periodicals , technical manuals , photographs and personal archives . These are often made available to researchers for use in writing articles or books , or to restoration specialists .
Stone frigate Stone frigate is a nickname for a naval establishment on land . The term has its origin in Britain ' s Royal Navy after its use of Diamond Rock , off Martinique , as a ' sloop of war ' to harass the French . The command of this first stone frigate was given to Commodore Hood ' s first lieutenant , James Wilkes Maurice , who , with cannon taken off the Commodore ' s ship , manned it with a crew of 120 until its capture by the French in the Battle of Diamond Rock in 1805 . Until the late 19th century , the Royal Navy housed training and other support facilities in hulks — old wooden ships of the line — moored in ports as receiving ships , depot ships , or floating barracks . The Admiralty regarded shore accommodation as expensive and liable to lead to indiscipline . These floating establishments kept their names while the actual vessels housing them changed . For example , the gunnery training school at Portsmouth occupied three ships between its foundation in 1830 and its move ashore in 1891 but all were named ( or renamed ) HMS " Excellent " . As ships began to use increasingly complex technology during the late 19th century , these facilities became too large to continue afloat and were moved to shore establishments while keeping their names . An early " stone frigate " was the engineering training college HMS " Marlborough " , moved ashore to Portsmouth in 1880 . The gunnery school continued to be named HMS " Excellent " after its move ashore to Whale Island in 1891 . By World War I there were about 25 " stone frigates " in the United Kingdom . Under section 67 of the Naval Discipline Act 1866 , the provisions of the act only applied to officers and men of the Royal Navy borne on the books of a warship . When shore establishments began to become more common it was necessary to allocate the title of the establishment to an actual vessel which became the " nominal depot ship " for the men allocated to the establishment and thus ensured they were subject to the provisions of the Act . The use of stone frigates continues in the Royal Navy and some other navies of the Commonwealth of Nations , including the Royal Canadian Navy , the Indian Navy , the Royal Australian Navy , and the Royal New Zealand Navy .
Air and Space Interoperability Council ( ASIC ) The Air and Space Interoperability Council ( ASIC ) is a formal five nation military organisation with a mandate to enhance coalition warfighting capability through air and space interoperability . Member nations are those within the Five Eyes community and consist of representation from their respective Air Force , and also includes the United States Navy . Based in Washington DC , the Council ' s Management Committee oversees the execution of the Vision and Mission with the cooperation of experts from member nations ' defence departments . History . ASIC , originally called the Air Standardization Coordination Committee ( ASCC ) , was formed in 1948 to manage the Air Standardization agreement between Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States . This agreement was aimed at those nations being able to conduct combined air operations and provide each other with certain essential services . In addition , it was agreed that the ASCC should promote the economies that would result from standardising air materiel support and also encourage the exchange of research and development information . The ASCC was expanded to include Australia in 1964 and New Zealand in 1965 . Expressed in the simplest of terms , the ASCC sought to promote interoperability , through standardisation , across the spectrum of expeditionary warfare and share relevant information and technology . This concept remains as valid today for ASIC as it was in 1948 . The organisation went through transformation and rebranding in 2005 to reflect the current global strategic environment , and a renewed emphasis on coalition expeditionary operations . Vision . " Fully integrated and interoperable " " coalition air and space forces . " Mission . " To enhance current and future coalition warfighting " " capabilities through air and space power interoperability . " Working Groups . To enable the timely execution of the ASIC Vision and Mission , standing working groups were established in seven key warfighting functional areas . Related Organisations . ASIC maintains close links with other interoperability fora , harmonising activities and working in collaboration on major projects . These include ABCA Armies , AUSCANNZUKUS and TTCP . As three of the member nations also belong to NATO , cross functional networking with this organisation is ongoing and pivotal to the Council ' s execution .
Gewehr 41 The Gewehr 41 rifles , commonly known as the G41 ( W ) or G41 ( M ) , were semi - automatic rifle s used by Nazi Germany during World War II . Background . By 1940 , it became apparent that some form of a semi - automatic rifle , with a higher rate of fire than existing bolt - action rifle models , was necessary to improve the infantry ' s combat efficiency . The Wehrmacht issued a specification to various manufacturers , and Mauser and Walther submitted prototypes that were very similar . However , some restrictions were placed upon the design : Both models therefore used a mechanism known as the " Bang " system ( after its Danish designer Søren H . Bang ) . In this system , gases from the bullet were trapped near the muzzle in a ring - shaped cone , which in turn pulled on a long piston rod that opened the breech and re - loaded the gun . This is as opposed to the more common type of gas - actuated system , in which gases are tapped off from the barrel , and push back on a piston to open the breech to the rear . Both also included inbuilt 10 - round magazines that were loaded using two of the stripper clips from the Karabiner 98k , utilizing the same German - standard 7 . 92×57mm Mauser rounds . This in turn made reloading relatively slow . The Mauser design , the G41 ( M ) , failed . Only 6 , 673 were produced before production was halted , and of these , 1 , 673 were returned as unusable . Most metal parts on this rifle were machined steel and some rifles , especially later examples , utilized the Bakelite type plastic handguards . The Walther design was more successful because the designers had simply ignored the last two restrictions listed above . These rifles , along with their G41 ( M ) counterparts , suffered from gas system fouling problems . These problems seemed to stem from the overly complex muzzle trap system becoming excessively corroded from the use of corrosive salts in the ammunition primers , and carbon fouling . The muzzle assembly consisted of many small parts and was difficult to keep clean , disassemble , and maintain in field conditions . The rifle was redesigned in 1943 into the Gewehr 43 , utilizing a gas system somewhat similar to that on the SVT - 40 and a detachable magazine . G41 ( W ) rifles were produced at two factories , namely Walther at Zella Mehlis , and Berlin Luebecker . Walther guns bear the AC code , and WaA359 inspection proofs , while BLM guns bear the DUV code with WaA214 inspection proofs . These rifles are also relatively scarce , and quite valuable in collector grade . Varying sources put production figures between 40 , 000 and 145 , 000 units . Again , these rifles saw a high attrition rate on the Eastern front .
G . S . Jayanath G . S . Jayanath ( , died 4 December 1997 ) , was a Major in the Sri Lanka Army and a member of the army ' s elite Commando Regiment . He posthumously received the Parama Weera Vibhushanaya , the country ' s highest military award for gallantry , for his actions during Operation Jayasikurui in the Sri Lankan Civil War . Jayanath is the only Commando to receive this decoration . Action during Operation Jayasikurui . In May 1997 , the Sri Lankan government forces launched an offensive named Operation Jayasikurui against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( commonly known as LTTE or Tamil Tigers ) . This operation was intended to regain the main supply route to the isolated Jaffna peninsula by linking up the towns of Killinochi and Vavuniya . By December 1997 , the offensive had reached Maankulam . At the time , Jayanath was a Captain in the 2nd Commando Regiment attached to the army ' s elite 53 Division . On 4 December , he led a squadron of commandos to destroy an identified artillery position in Tamil Tiger - held Maankulam . However , upon arriving at their target , they discovered that the artillery position was a decoy , and immediately came under direct and artillery fire from Tamil Tiger units who had been waiting in ambush . Jayanath pressed forward with a small group , attempting to draw their fire and allow the rest of his men to escape . The group was soon pinned down and Jayanath ordered a defensive perimeter and radioed for reinforcements , expressing confidence that his group could hold out until they arrived . However , the reinforcements met with heavy resistance and failed to reach the group , and Jayanath was ordered to attempt to break through the Tamil Tiger positions . By this time , his group had taken heavy casualties from the constant artillery fire and repeated assaults on their positions . Attempting to break out in that situation would have meant leaving behind the wounded , and Jayanath refused the order . He informed his commanding officer that he would not leave as long as even one of his men were alive , and that they would hold out against the enemy assaults as long as possible and would not surrender . Jayanath kept fighting until he was shot in the head and killed , and the group was almost completely destroyed when their positions were eventually overrun . The mission ended in disaster for the army with approximately 180 men killed . Parama Weera Vibhushanaya . Jayanath was posthumously promoted to the rank of Major and recommended for the Parama Weera Vibhushanaya , Sri Lanka ' s highest military award for gallantry , for his actions during the mission to assault artillery positions during Operation Jayasikurui . The award was approved over an year later in 2001 . Chandrika Kumaratunga , the then President of Sri Lanka , awarded the medal to his next - of - kin on 24 April 2001 . To date , Jayanath is the only Commando who has received the Parama Weera Vibhushanaya . Along with Colonel Fazly Lafir who was posthumously awarded the medal at the same time , Jayanath was one of the first members of a special operations unit and also one of the first army officers to receive the award .
HMS Monkey ( 1826 ) HMS " Monkey " was a schooner of the British Royal Navy assigned to the West Indies squadron , launched 1826 and wrecked in 1831 near Tampico . Ship history . On 7 April 1829 " Monkey " captured the Spanish schooner " Josefa " , which was armed with one 12 - pounder gun , had a crew of 21 , and was carrying 206 slaves ; 79 men , 36 women , 48 boys and 43 girls . After her capture one female child was born , and one woman died . On 27 June 1829 she captured the Spanish slave ship " Midas " near Bimini . The 360 - ton " Midas " , which mounted four long 18 - pounder and four medium 12 - pounders , was taken in an action lasting 35 minutes . Of her crew of more than 50 , one was killed and three wounded . helped " Monkey " escort the ship to port . " Midas " had left Africa in April 1829 with 562 Africans , but only 369 were still alive when she was captured , and 72 more died ( of " smallpox , diarrhea & scurvy " ) before " Monkey " and " Nimble " could take " Midas " into Havana . Also in 1829 , " Monkey " captured the Spanish 16 gun brig " Providencia " after a 45 minute battle , during which three of the " Providencia ' s " crew were killed and four wounded . The " Monkey " found 400 African slaves aboard .
Harold Auten Commander Harold Auten VC DSC RD ( 22 August 1891 – 3 October 1964 ) was a Royal Naval Reserve ( RNR ) officer who was awarded the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . A former pupil of Wilson ' s School , Auten had joined the RNR before the outbreak of the First World War during which he served in Q - ship s . He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1917 and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross " for services in Vessels of the Royal Navy employed on Patrol and Escort duty " in that year . The VC action . He was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1918 following an action when he was commanding a Q - ship , HMS " Stock Force " : Later Work . Harold Auten wrote the first book on Q - ships , called " Q Boat Adventures " in 1919 . After the war he became an executive vice - president of the Rank Organisation in New York and lived for thirty years in Bushkill , Pennsylvania , where he owned a hotel and cinema . However , he remained a member of the RNR and in 1941 he was awarded the Royal Naval Reserve Officers Decoration . During World War II , he held the rank of Commander ( later acting Captain ) in the RNR and served as senior staff organizing trans - Atlantic convoys . He was made an Officer of the United States Legion of Merit " for distinguished service to the Allied cause throughout the war " and a Commander of the Order of Orange - Nassau " for service to the Royal Netherlands Navy during the War " . He was a Younger Brother of Trinity House . The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Naval Museum , in Portsmouth , England .
Madera Air Force Station Madera Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 74 , NORAD ID : Z - 74 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located north - northeast of Madera , California . It was closed in 1966 . History . Madera AFS was one of twenty - eight stations built as part of the second segment of the Air Defense Command permanent radar network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . The 774th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at the new station on 27 November 1950 , and assumed the coverage of a temporary " Lashup " site at Fort MacArthur ( L - 43 ) operating an AN / TPS - 1 B radar , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . The squadron began operating AN / FPS - 3 and AN / FPS - 4 radars from Madera AFS in January 1952 . In 1958 the height - finder radar was replaced by AN / FPS - 6 and AN / FPS - 6A radars . In 1959 an AN / FPS - 20 search radar superseded the AN / FPS - 3 . In 1960 the Air Force upgraded an AN / FPS - 6A to become a - 6B . During 1961 Madera AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , feeding data to DC - 18 at Beale AFB , California . After joining , the squadron was redesignated as the 774th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 15 January 1961 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . In August 1963 , the SAGE data feed was reassigned to DC - 17 at Norton AFB . The Air Force upgraded the search radar , first to an AN / FPS - 20 A , and then to an AN / FPS - 66 . By 1963 this AN / FPS - 66 search radar operated in conjunction with AN / FPS - 6 and AN / FPS - 90 height - finder radars , and on 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 74 . Reductions in ADC funding led to Madera Air Force Station being inactivated on June 25 , 1966 . Today , the site remains largely intact , although at some point , the radar towers had been removed . When the station was shut down , it was handed over to a Native American group which operated the property as a vocational technology center . The site was sold off to someone else & used for unknown purposes , and then the current owner bought it in the late 1980s or early 1990s .