naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Buttress ( ACM - 4 ) USS " Buttress " ( PCE - 878 / ACM - 4 ) was an " Auxiliary Minelayer " ( ACM ) in the United States Navy during World War II . This ship and USS " Monadnock " ( ACM - 10 ) were the only ACMs not previously U . S . Army mineplanters . " Buttress " was laid down as Patrol Craft Escort USS " PCE - 878 " on 11 May 1943 at Portland , Oregon , by the Albina Engine & Machine Works ; launched on 26 August 1943 ; and commissioned on 13 March 1944 . Service history . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . Following commissioning , she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard for conversion to a drill mine laying and recovery ship . On 15 June 1944 , " PCE - 878 " was renamed " Buttress " and redesignated " ACM - 4 " . The ship was assigned to Service Squadron ( ServRon ) 6 and saw duty at advanced bases in the central and western Pacific Ocean through the end of the war . She returned to the West Coast at San Francisco late in December 1946 . Decommissioning . From there , " Buttress " moved north to Bremerton , Washington , where she was decommissioned on 24 February 1947 . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 5 March 1947 , and she was sold to J . W . Rumsey on 30 October 1947 .
Spanish frigate Canarias ( F86 ) SPS " Canarias " ( F86 ) , is the last of the six Spanish - built s , based on the American design , of the Spanish Navy . Laid down on 15 April 1992 , and launched on 21 June 1993 , " Canarias " was commissioned in service in 1995 . The ship features a series of improvements to her previous sisters , with a new Meroka mod 2B CIWS , and upgraded fire control systems with Mk . 92 mod6 CORT ( Coherent Receiver Transmitter ) and SPS - 49 ( v ) 5 radar instead of previous ( v ) 4 . All of these Spanish frigates have the length of the later " Oliver Hazard Perry " frigates , and have a wider beam than the US Navy design , and therefore able to carry more top weight . Fin stabilizers are fitted .
Para - Commando Field Artillery Battery The 2nd Field Artillery Regiment / Field Artillery Battery ParaCommando ( ) or 2A was an artillery battalion in the Land Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . The regiment was the field artillery battalion of the 1st Brigade until 2010 . In later years , the M109A2 howitzer was replaced by the 120mm mortar MO - 120 . 2A existed out of 4 batteries :
Wolfgang Röhder Wolfgang Röhder ( 17 August 1911 — 16 May 1945 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) , in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Wolfgang Röhder was born on the 17 August 1911 at Wuppertal . He volunteered to join the SS ( Service number 281 654 ) and was posted to the " Das Reich " Division . In February 1943 he was the commander of the 2nd Battery , 2nd SS Sturmgeschütz ( Assault Gun , StuG ) Battalion . During September 1943 in the Raum sector the division was under attack by the Russian ' s , Röhder ' s Battery was able to withdraw to defend the last bridge over the River Worskla , so the rest of the Division could pull back over it before it had to be blown up . For this action he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross and promoted to Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) in January 1944 . In June 1944 , during the Normandy invasion he was given command of the Sturmgeschütz Battalion , he was wounded in July 1944 and was awarded the German Cross in Gold for bravery in August 1944 and promoted to Sturmbannführer . He was wounded for a second time losing an eye , and being no longer fit for front line duty he was stationed in Prague , where he was reported missing on the 16 May 1945 .
Battle of Kokovo The Battle of Kokovo was a battle fought in the fields near the village of " Kokovo " ( present - day " Coccau " in Italy ( German : " Goggau " ) on 26 June 1478 between an army of 600 peasants and miners from Carinthia against a 20 , 000 - strong Ottoman Turkish invading army . The peasant army was raised in the context of the Carinthian peasant revolt of 1478 . Origins . Carinthia saw five Turkish raids into its territory between 1473 and 1483 , with lots of plundering and killing at the hands of Turkish cavalry . Because the local nobility had no answer to the large numbers of mobile Turkish cavalry , they moved into their fortified castles , while the clergy fortified its churches and monasteries and held out there . This left most peasants in Carinthia without any protection , even though they were burdened with special taxes to fight the Turks . Battle Details . In order to protect themselves from the Turkish invaders , around 3 . 000 peasants and miners took up arms , preparing to fight the Turkish army coming via the Predil Pass . However , upon arrival of the Turkish army , most of the original 3 . 000 peasants fled into the forests leaving only around 600 farmers under a certain Matjaž who refused to let the Turks pass without a fight . In the ensuing battle that pitted the poorly armed , but determined peasants against professional Turkish Akinci cavalrymen , all 600 peasants and miners were killed . The Turkish army then continued its advance and eventually plundered areas up until Upper Carinthia . The battle spawned a myth among the Slovenes that the 600 peasants and their " king " Matjaž did not die , but actually sheltered in the nearby Uršlja Gora mountain and are sleeping there . They will wake up once the king ' s beard has encircled the stone table by which he rests nine times , after which he will walk outside and happy times will come for the Slovenians . References . Janez J . Švajncer , " Military History of Slovenians " , " Obramba " Special Edition ( 2001 ) < http : / / nato . gov . si / eng / publications / obramba / >
Al Koot Fort The Al Koot Fort ( " Al Koot Fort " ) , most commonly known as the Doha Fort , is a historical military fortress located in the heart of Doha , the capital city and state of Qatar , that was built in the year 1927 by Sheikh Abdulla bin Qassim Al Thani , better known as Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani , who governed Qatar from 1913 until 1949 , after Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani , Sheikh Abdullah ' s brother , in favor of him . The fort was later on converted into a museum . Qatari traditional handicrafts , products and photos of daily life with illustrations are housed in the fort . Exhibits and artworks include handicrafts , gypsum and wooden ornaments , fishing equipment and boats , historical photos and paintings including oil paintings of craft workers and daily life . History . The Al Koot Fort was built in 1927 by Sheikh Abdulla bin Qassim Al Thani . It was originally built to serve as a police station in 1880 and afterwards used as a jail in 1906 , although some sources prove that the Al Koot Fort was built by Sheikh Abdulla to protect the Souq Waqif from notorious thieves . The whole fort was subsequently renovated to a museum in 1978 . Geography . The Al Koot Fort is located in the Al Bidda neighborhood , in the midst of the famous Souq Waqif , near Doha Corniche , and is now a preferred landmark , museum and tourist spot , most especially for foreigners .
Carlos Galvão de Melo Carlos Galvão de Melo ( 4 August 1921 — 20 March 2008 ) was a Portuguese military officer from the Portuguese Air Force . Life . Galvão de Melo was the eldest of nine children of António Augusto Ferreira de Melo and wife Cecília Rosa Teles de Noronha Galvão . One of the members of the National Salvation Junta , after the 25 April 1974 , Carnation Revolution that overthrew the " Estado Novo " ( " New State " ) regime and established democracy in Portugal . He soon became known as one of the most conservative member of the Junta , if not reactionary . Often seen as a far - right politician , in 1980 he was a presidential candidate , but got a very small amount of votes . In the 1990s , he drew controversy due to his support for the Indonesian annexation of East Timor . He married twice , firstly to Maria João Vieira das Neves ( on 24 June 1926 ) and secondly to Sybille Schön ( 16 December 1925 - 8 January 2007 ) ( divorced Mrs . Stürken ) , without issue . From first marriage he had six children .
Taira no Sadamori Taira no Sadamori ( 平 貞盛 ) ( 10th century ) was a samurai of the Taira clan who was involved in suppressing the revolt of Taira no Masakado in the 930s - 940 . He was the son of Taira no Kunika and grandson of Taira no Takamochi , the founder of the Kammu Heishi line . Sadamori was an ancestor of the Hōjō clan which wielded considerable political power several centuries later , during the Kamakura period ; his fourth son , Taira no Korehira , was the progenitor of the Ise Taira branch family . In 935 , while Sadamori held the post of " Samanojō " ( deputy horseguard ) , his father was killed by Taira no Masakado , in an uprising . Sadamori and Fujiwara no Hidesato pursued and faced Masakado , killing him in the 940 battle of Kojima . Sadamori was awarded the fifth rank in court for his heroism , and over the course of his life later earned the posts of Chinjufu shogun and governor ( " kami " ) of Mutsu Province , as well as the fourth rank at court . Elements of Sadamori ' s life remain in the folklore volume " Konjaku Monogatarishū " ( Tales of Past and Present ) .
Lublin Army Lublin Army ( ) was an improvised Polish Army created on September 4 , 1939 from 1 motorized brigade and various smaller units concentrated around cities of Lublin , Sandomierz and upper Vistula river . It was commanded by Maj . Gen . Tadeusz Piskor . Tasks . It was tasked with defending the crossings through Vistula river from Modlin ( near Warsaw ) to Sandomierz . Operational history . After having been forced to retreat from Warsaw , it was defeated together with Kraków Army during the first battle of Tomaszów Lubelski ( September 17 – 20 ) . Organization . The Army was commanded by general Tadeusz Piskor ; his chieff of staff was colonel Jan Zawisza . Units :
Scrap Iron Flotilla The Scrap Iron Flotilla was an Australian destroyer group that operated in the Mediterranean and Pacific during World War II . The name " scrap iron flotilla " was bestowed upon the group by Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels . The flotilla consisted of five Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) destroyers . The five ships of the flotilla had been Royal Navy ships that had been built and served during the First World War and transferred to the RAN in the 1930s . " Scrap Iron Flotilla " march . The flotilla has been commemorated in a 2010 march , " Scrap Iron Flotilla " , composed by Leading Seaman Martyn Hancock of the Royal Australian Navy Band . It is available via the Royal Australian Navy ' s RANMedia YouTube channel , along with notes on the composition , in a posting entitled " Scrap Iron Flotilla Theme " from 29 March 2010 . The introduction to the march is described as " in the style of the opening theme music to the BBC television series Warship " .
Ernest Deighton Sergeant Ernest Arthur Deighton was a World War I flying ace observer / gunner credited with 15 confirmed aerial victories ; all but one of them was against enemy fighters . Ernest Arthur Deighton enlisted in the Royal Flying Corps on 15 March 1917 as a transport driver . As a Corporal Mechanic , he volunteered to fly as an observer / gunner in the rear seat of No . 20 Squadron ' s Bristol F . 2 Fighter s . Deighton flew as an observer / gunner for four pilot aces : Captain Wilfred Beaver , Lieutenants David Weston , Leslie Capel , and Ernest Lindup . Deighton scored his first victory on 11 April 1918 and closed out his string on 23 June 1918 . In total , he was credited with destroying ten enemy fighters and an observation plane , and with four other German fighters claimed ' out of control ' . Deighton was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal on 7 June 1918 . He and Beaver were forced down by a German Albatros D . V on 13 June 1918 , but were uninjured . However , Deighton was subsequently injured on 15 July 1918 and returned to Britain . Deighton ' s Distinguished Conduct Medal was gazetted to him on 1 October 1918 . The award citation read : " For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty . In little more than a fortnight he has shot down five enemy aircraft . He has shown remarkable marksmanship and coolness in action , and is a valuable asset in his squadron . " Unusually , the original award recommendations still exist . One of them was written on 27 May 1918 ; Captain Beaver followed up with a second one two days later . Both give more detailed accounts of Deighton ' s exploits than the award citation , mainly enumerating his aerial victories . Deighton apparently returned to service during World War II , as he resigned his Second lieutenant ' s commission in the Warwicks on 12 May 1945 . Nothing more is known of him until his death in Bournemouth , England on 5 December 1957 .
Friedrich Dollmann Friedrich Dollmann ( February 2 , 1882 - June 28 , 1944 ) was a German general during World War II , most notably serving during the early phases of the D - Day Invasion . Born in 1882 , Dollmann remained in the Reichswehr following service in World War I eventually commanding Mobilization District Wehrkreis IV by 1936 . Promoted to generaloberst shortly after the start of World War II , Dollmann was given command of the German Seventh Army which he led during the six - week campaign against France . Assigned to occupation duty , Dollmann remained in France overseeing the defense of Brittany and Normandy in 1944 . Expecting the Allied invasion in early June , Dollmann lowered the alert conditions after worsening weather conditions on June 4 . Attending a map exercise during June 5 – 6 , his command in Normandy took much of the early casualties during the initial Allied assault . Dollmann would continue to resist the Allied attack until his death on June 28 , 1944 , after learning he was going to be court martial ed because of the fall of Cherbourg . Sources are not conclusive about the way Dollmann died , some sources speak of a heart attack , others claim that he committed suicide by taking poison . He was succeeded by SS - Obergruppenführer Paul Hausser .
Military road A military road is a type of road built by the United States Army . They are used mostly by soldiers , government officials , and sometimes the public . Most military roads are not accessible by public vehicles , however , some are designated as state highways that maintains it . Some military roads are known as " government access roads " , since the military is a part of the U . S . government . Anyone who is not a government official that drives on these private roads usually is summoned or prosecuted . Military roads have played a significant role during America ' s heyday in the 18th century . They linked important cities during wars , as well as vital links for commercial and telegraph use . Swamps and streams were large obstacles when building military routes in various locations in the United States .
Freedom Team Salute U . S . Army Freedom Team Salute ( FTS ) was an official U . S . Army Commendation Program sponsored by the Secretary of the Army and U . S . Army Chief of Staff . The Program recognized : All recipients of the Freedom Team Salute Commendation received a personalized letter and certificate of appreciation signed by both the Secretary of the Army and Army Chief of Staff , and an official U . S Army lapel pin . The Freedom Team Salute Program ceased operation at the end of February 2010 . Over 2 . 3 million Commendations were issued by the program during its five years of operation .
USS Pigeon ( AM - 374 ) USS " Pigeon " ( AM - 374 ) was an acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Pigeon " was laid down 10 November 1944 by the Savannah Machine and Foundry Co . , Savannah , Georgia ; launched 28 March 1945 ; sponsored by Miss Jean Ross ; and commissioned at Savannah on 30 October 1945 , Lt . Comdr . Robert S . Cathcart in command . Decommissioned and reactivated . After fitting out at the Charleston Navy Yard and operations out of the Naval Mine Warfare School , Yorktown , Virginia , " Pigeon " was decommissioned on 10 July 1946 . Following Communist aggression in Korea , she was recommissioned at Orange , Texas , on 30 November 1950 , Lt . Theodore Sawick in command . North Atlantic operations . " Pigeon " departed Orange , Texas , on 2 January 1951 to join Mine Squadron 8 at Charleston , South Carolina . Tactics and Atlantic Fleet exercises took her to Norfolk , Virginia , and to Cuba , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands . On 25 August 1952 she departed Charleston , with Mine Division 82 for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization combined fleet exercise Operation Mainbrace . She arrived at Rosyth , Scotland on 11 September 1952 and put to sea the 19th to participate in " Mainbrace " minesweeping operations off Denmark . " Pigeon " returned to Falmouth , England on 27 September 1952 and sailed the 29th with the same amphibious attack force for NATO " Operation Longstep " in the Mediterranean . These and other operations with the powerful U . S . 6th Fleet took her from ports of Morocco to ports in Italy , Turkey , Greece , France , and Spain . The minesweeper returned to Charleston , South Carolina , on 7 February 1953 . Overhauled in the Charleston Naval Shipyard , " Pigeon " resumed readiness and training operations along the eastern seaboard as far north as Quebec , Canada . She departed Charleston on 6 January 1954 and joined the 6th Fleet at Lisbon , Portugal , on 19 January 1954 . After serving in fleet and NATO combined operations throughout the Mediterranean , she returned to Charleston on 29 May 1954 . Decommissioning . " Pigeon " departed Charleston on 15 November to prepare for inactivation at Green Cove Springs , Florida . She decommissioned there 14 January 1955 and was placed in reserve . On 7 February 1955 , she was reclassified a fleet minesweeper and redesignated MSF - 374 . She remained in reserve until her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 December 1966 . She was sold for scrapping .
13th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call - sign was the . History . The 13th Division was formed in Sendai on 1 April 1905 , as one of the four new divisions created during the closing stages of the Russo - Japanese War . It was given the independent assignment of occupying Sakhalin ( Karafuto ) island from Russia before the conclusion of the Portsmouth Treaty . It landed on Sakhalin on 7 July , only three months after being formed , and had secured the island by 1 August 1905 . As a result of its successful operation , Japan was awarded southern Karafuto during the Portsmouth Treaty , one of its few territorial gains during the war . After serving garrison duty in Karafuto and in Korea , the 13th Division was one of the divisions selected to participate in the Siberian Intervention . However , on 1 May 1925 , it was one of the four division dissolved by Minister of War Ugaki Kazushige as part of a cost - saving measure during the Kato Takaaki administration . The 13th Division was resurrected in 1937 with the start of the Second Sino - Japanese War , and saw combat during the Battle of Shanghai , Battle of Nanjing ( and subsequent Nanjing Massacre , although it was not one of the main Divisions at Nanjing at the time ) , Battle of Xuzhou , and Battle of Wuhan . It was also part of Operation Ichigo ( Battle of Henan - Hunan - Guangxi ) . It ended the war in Changsha , Hunan Province . Noteworthy Commanders of the 13th Division included Akiyama Yoshifuru and Shizuichi Tanaka . Organization . Its original Order of Battle included : It was reformed as a square division in August 1937 for the Battle of Shanghai . 13th Division Involved in the Battle of Xuzhou , Battle of Wuhan , Battle of Suixian - Zaoyang , Battle of Changsha ( 1939 ) , 1939 - 40 Winter Offensive , Battle of Zaoyang - Yichang , and Western Hopei Operation On 19 December 1942 the 13th Division was reorganized as a triangular division . 13th Division The Division was then involved in Battle of West Hubei , Battle of Changde , Battle of Henan - Hunan - Guangxi , Battle of Guilin - Liuzhou , Second Guangxi Campaign
AN / ALE - 55 Fiber - Optic Towed Decoy The AN / ALE - 55 Fiber - Optic Towed Decoy , or ALE - 55 , is an RF ( Radio Frequency ) countermeasure under development by BAE Systems Electronic Solutions for the F / A - 18E / F Super Hornet . Overview . The ALE - 55 is RF countermeasure designed to protect an aircraft from radar guided missile s . It consists of an aircraft - towed decoy and onboard electronics . It works together with the aircraft ' s electronic warfare system to provide radar jamming . In addition , it can also be used in a backup mode as a signal repeater , which allows it to lure incoming missiles away from their actual target . It is currently in use with the F / A - 18E / F Super hornet , but can be adapted to a wide variety of platforms with minimal modification . Defensive Techniques . The ALE - 55 provides three layers of defensive jamming against a radar - based threat : preventing radars from tracking , breaking radar locks , and acting as a target for incoming missiles . Suppression . The system detects a threat radar in its acquisition mode and tries to prevent it from locking by using jamming techniques . The onboard electronic warfare package analyzes the threat , while the towed decoy emits the jamming signals to confuse the tracking radar . Deflection . In the case that a radar obtains a lock on the aircraft or decoy system , the electronics on board the aircraft analyze the emissions and then determine the optimum jamming technique to break the radar lock . The jamming is done by the decoy . The ALE - 55 also possesses the useful ability to send out multiple jamming frequencies if more than one radar is locked on to the decoy or aircraft . Seduction . When a missile launch is detected , indicated by the difference in radar signal and type , the ALE - 55 runs a last resort attempt to protect the aircraft towing it . This last resort is becoming the target , rather than the aircraft , by trying to jam the missile or simulating the aircraft ' s radar signature . Components . The ALE - 55 consists of two components . An onboard signal conditioning assembly and fiber optic towed decoys . The onboard electric frequency converter analyzes radar signals detected by the plane ' s electronic warfare system and calculates an appropriate jamming and spoofing signal , which is then transmitted to the FOTD through a fiber optic cable . The towed decoy has dual high power traveling - wave tube s ( TWTs ) to allow for enough power to protect large aircraft . It is launched with the Raytheon Integrated Multi - Platform Launch Controller ( IMPLC ) , which it shares with the towed ALE - 50 . An active braking system allows for fast deployment . See also . AN / ALE - 50
Denis Stairs Denis Stairs B . Eng . OBE ( May 3 , 1889 - January 14 , 1980 ) was a Canadian engineer and businessman . He was born in Halifax , Nova Scotia , the son of George Stairs , a founding partner and President of Royal Securities Corporation . A graduate of Dalhousie University , Denis Stairs studied at MIT then as a director of Royal Securities he became associated with entrepreneur and press baron Sir Max Aitken ( later Lord Beaverbrook ) and Izaak W . Killam . In 1922 , he relocated to Montreal , Quebec where he worked as an assistant engineer for Killam ' s Montreal Engineering Company , Ltd . , rising to Vice - President and eventually Chairman of the Board of Directors . During World War I , Stairs served overseas with the Canadian Army and was made an officer of the Order of the British Empire for his volunteer work as the Federal Director - General of the Defence Projects , Construction Branch during World War II . Denis Stairs died in 1980 at the age of ninety and is buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal .