naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
General Defense Command The was a headquarters organization equivalent to an army group within the Imperial Japanese Army established to control all land and air units stationed within Japan proper , Korea and Taiwan during the Pacific War . History . The General Defense Command was established on July 5 , 1941 under the direct command of the Emperor via the Imperial General Headquarters . For administrative , recruiting and accounting purposes , Japan was divided into six army districts , each with a garrison force equivalent to an army corps : The General Defense Command was also responsible for anti - aircraft defenses , and for organizing civil defense training . On April 8 , 1945 , in preparation for Operation Downfall ( or in Japanese terminology ) , the General Defense Command was dissolved , and its duties assumed by the new First General Army and Second General Army .
Samuel Gross ( Medal of Honor ) Samuel Gross ( originally Samuel Marguiles ) ( May 9 , 1891 – September 13 , 1934 ) was a Private in the United States Marine Corps , 23d Company who earned the Medal of Honor for his efforts during the United States occupation of Haiti in 1915 . Biography . Gross was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . During the United States occupation of Haiti , he participated in battles against the Caco bandit insurgency . During the battle for Fort Riviere , he saved the life of Smedley Butler who also was a Medal of Honor recipient and was one of only 19 people to receive 2 Medals of Honor . He died September 9 , 1934 and is buried in Har Nebo Cemetery , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . His grave can be found in section I , lot 50 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , U . S . Marine Corps , 23d Co . ( Real name is Marguiles , Samuel . ) Born : May 9 , 1891 , Philadelphia , Pa . Accredited to : Pennsylvania . Citation : In company with members of the 5th , 13th , 23d Companies and the marine and sailor detachment from the , Gross participated in the attack on Fort Riviere , Haiti , November 17 , 1915 . Following a concentrated drive , several different detachments of marines gradually closed in on the old French bastion fort in an effort to cut off all avenues of retreat for the Caco bandits . Approaching a breach in the wall which was the only entrance to the fort , Gross was the second man to pass through the breach in the face of constant fire from the Cacos and , thereafter , for a 10 - minute period , engaged the enemy in desperate hand - to - hand combat until the bastion was captured and Caco resistance neutralized .
USS LST - 549 USS " LST - 549 " was a United States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1946 . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 549 " was laid down on 4 January 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 25 February 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . E . A . Oberhuber , and commissioned on 5 April 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 549 " was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations . She participated in the Morotai landings in September 1944 . She then took part the Philippines campaign , in which she participated in the Leyte landings in October and November 1944 , the Lingayen Gulf landings in January 1945 , and the Mindanao Island landings in April 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 549 " performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China before departing in mid - February 1946 to return to the United States . Decommissioning and disposal . " LST - 549 " was decommissioned on 28 February 1946 and stricken from the Navy List on 5 December 1947 . She was sold on 23 May 1948 to Consolidated Builders , Inc . , of Morris Heights , the Bronx , New York , for scrapping . Honors and awards . " LST - 549 " earned four battle star s for World War II service .
Philip Curtis Lieutenant Philip Kenneth Edward Curtis VC ( 7 July 1926 – 23 April 1951 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Curtis joined the The Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry in 1946 . Curtis was a 24 year old lieutenant in The Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry attached to the 1st Battalion , The Gloucestershire Regiment during the Korean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross during the Battle of Imjin . On 22 / 23 April 1951 near the Imjin River , Korea , during a heavy enemy attack , No . 1 platoon under the command of Lieutenant Curtis , was ordered to carry out a counter - attack which was initially successful , but was eventually held up by heavy fire and grenades . The lieutenant then ordered some of his men to give covering fire while he himself rushed the main position of resistance . In this charge he was severely wounded but he insisted on making a second attempt . While making another desperate charge he was killed when within a few yards of his objective after throwing a grenade which destroyed the enemy position immediately after . Anthony Farrar - Hockley , one of Britain ' s most famous soldiers of the twentieth century , was a participant at the Imjin River battle . He was witness to Lieutenant Curtis ' gallant deed , a desperate counterattack to regain a key position lost to the Chinese advance . At sunrise a Chinese attack was repulsed , but the British position was untenable . Below is part of Farrar - Hockley ' s account . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry Museum in Bodmin , Cornwall , England .
German submarine U - 191 German submarine " U - 191 " was a Type IXC / 40 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . She was ordered on 4 November 1940 from AG Weser Bremen , laid down on 2 November 1941 , and launched on 3 July 1942 . She was commissioned under " Kapitänleutnant " Helmut Fiehn on 20 October 1942 and underwent crew training and work - ups until 31 March 1943 . War patrol . " U - 191 " took part in several wolfpack operations in the North Atlantic . On 21 April 1943 , she achieved her only success , torpedoing and sinking the 3 , 025 - tonne Norwegian merchant ship " Scebli " , killing two of " Scebli " s crew . Two days later " U - 191 " was attacked and sunk by the Royal Navy destroyer off the coast of Greenland south - east of Cape Farewell with the loss of her entire crew of 55 crew .
Hind al - Hunnud Hind was a member of the Quraish tribe of the kingdom of Kindah . She was involved in fighting early Muslims . The climax of this campaign came at the Battle of Badr , which she led in 624 AD , against Muhammad himself , but the Quraysh were defeated and her father , brother and uncle were killed . In 625 , Hind al - Hunnud along with fifteen other women accompanying troops in a battle near Medina , sang songs to inspire warriors . While at the battle she exulted over the body of the man who killed her father , chewed his liver , and made jewellery from his skin and nails . For a time she directed a guerrilla war of vengeance against the enemy , but eventually , outnumbered and surrounded , she was compelled to submit and convert to Islam . In her military heyday Hind had been not only a war - leader but a priestess of the " Lady of Victory " inspiring the women to sacred chants for valour and victory .
Texas Homeland Defense Service Medal The Texas Homeland Defense Service Medal is an award within the Texas Military Forces , within the United States Armed Forces . Eligibility . The Texas Homeland Defense Service Medal may be awarded to members of the Texas Military Forces . Use . The Texas Homeland Defense Service Medal shall be awarded to any member of the state military forces who served : ( A ) on or after September 11 , 2001 ; ( B ) on state active duty or active duty under state authority in accordance with Title 32 of the United States Code ; and ( C ) satisfactorily in defense support to a mission in the state under civilian authority .
Timeline of Jerusalem This is a timeline of major events in the History of Jerusalem ; a city that had been fought over sixteen times in its history . During its long history , Jerusalem has been destroyed twice , besieged 23 times , attacked 52 times , and captured and recaptured 44 times .
L64 / 65 The L64 was an intermediate calibre British bullpup layout prototype assault rifle developed in the 1970s . At one time it was known as the 4 . 85 Individual Weapon , a reference to the calibre of the bullet it fired . The British Army had considered bullpup designs with intermediate calibre rounds in the 1950s , and officially adopted one of these as . 280 British in 1951 in the EM - 2 and Taden gun . However , US intransigence during NATO standardization efforts , and Winston Churchill ' s interest in standards above all , led to the adoption of the 7 . 62×51mm NATO round . This was significantly more powerful than the . 280 , and could not be easily adapted to the existing weapons . Instead , the British and Canadian armies adopted the L1A1 SLR , a licensed version of the FN FAL , itself originally designed for the . 280 . During the 1960s the US found that , as the British had suggested , the 7 . 62 NATO round was far too powerful to be used in a fully automatic rifle . After considerable wrangling , the US Army eventually adopted the M16 rifle , firing the . 223 Remington cartridge of much lower power than even the . 280 . With standardization " broken " , the British Army once again started researching lighter rounds in the 1970s . These efforts suggested that a round of similar weight as the M16s , but firing a smaller diameter bullet , would offer the same recoil patterns while having much better penetration and ballistics . The result was the . 190 - inch ( 4 . 85 mm ) round fitted in " necked down " but otherwise standard 5 . 56 mm cartridges from the M16 . The Royal Small Arms Factory developed a rifle to fire the new round . The new L64 / 65 " Individual Weapon " was outwardly similar to the earlier EM - 2 , but adopted a firing mechanism very similar to ArmaLite ' s latest AR - 18 design . The first examples were available in 1972 . By 1976 , NATO was ready to standardize on a small calibre round , and testing of the various rounds head - to - head started in 1977 . As designed , the British round out - performed the standard US 5 . 56 mm . However Fabrique Nationale ' s entry based on the 5 . 56 mm , the " SS - 109 " performed as well as the British cartridge . In the end it was selected largely due to its similarity with existing US ammunition . The L64 pattern was later developed into the SA80 family of weapons , which entered service with the UK in the 1980s .
3rd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 3rd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment was mustered in at Augusta , Maine for three year ' s service on June 4 , 1861 and were mustered out on June 28 , 1864 . Veterans who had re - enlisted and those recruits still liable to serve were transferred to 17th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Colonels . Colonel Moses B . Lakeman Casualties and total strength . The 3rd Maine enrolled 1 , 586 men during its existence . It lost 10 officers and 124 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds received in battle and an additional 1 officer and 148 enlisted men died of disease . 33 men died in Confederate prisons . Total fatalities for the regiment were 316 .
Tjeld - class patrol boat The " Tjeld " class were a class of fast patrol boat s ( FPB ) designed in Norway . They were used as torpedo boat s in Norway where this type of vessel were called MTBs or motor torpedo boat s ( motortorpedobåt ) . The class was also known as the Nasty class . The prototype " Nasty " was designed , built and tested during the fall of 1957 . The " Tjeld " class was developed and introduced by Boat Services Ltd . A / S , Oslo , in close cooperation with Royal Norwegian Navy officers with World War II experience in Fast Patrol Boats ; the chief designer being naval architect Jan Herman Linge . The Norwegian " Tjeld " class vessels were constructed at A / S Westermoen Båtbyggeri og Mek Verksted in Mandal . The design was also sold to the USA , Greece and West Germany . Six vessels were built in the USA by John Trumpy and Sons of Annapolis , Maryland ( some parts , such as the keel and stem being imported ) . The US Navy used them as PTF boats in the Vietnam War . Vessels . Prototype Nasty ( 1957 - 1974 ) Royal Norwegian Navy . Twenty - two vessels were built in Norway from 1959 to 1966 . This list is of the ships in the order of launch with the year of launch , the year the ship left the Norwegian Navy ' s hands and any other information about the fate of the ship . All the vessels are named after birds or fish ( and three sea mammals ) . Some of the boats were renamed as the bird names were going to be used for the . The boats took over the names of other " Tjeld " class vessels which were sold in 1981 . US Navy . 14 vessels built in Norway and sold to USA . Six vessels built under licence in USA . This list contains the names of the vessels , first year of service in the US Navy , the year they left US Navy hands and any other information concerning their fate . Many were part of DESOTO patrol s . Hellenic Navy . Six vessels constructed in Norway and sold to Greece . German Navy . Two vessels constructed in Norway and sold to the German Navy where they were called " Schnellboot Nasty - Klasse Typ 152 " and served as testboats . Turkish Navy . Two ships transferred from the German Navy , after the tests were finished .
Dewoitine D . 371 The Dewoitine 371 was a 1930s French - built monoplane fighter aircraft . It was one of the first attempts at a faster pursuit aircraft using the monoplane configuration . Design and development . The D . 371 was a single - seat aircraft of conventional configuration . Its fixed landing gear used a tailskid . The open cockpit was located slightly aft of the parasol wing . The radial engine allowed for a comparatively wide fuselage and cockpit . Operational history . The Spanish Civil War . In spite of its superior speed , this design failed to impress and was even refused when exported to Lithuania in 1935 . An important competitor of the Dewoitine 371 was the Polish PZL P . 24 , a similar type but with better speed and armament . In 1936 , at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War , 12 or 14 of them were sold , unofficially , to the Spanish Republic as part of a squadron of volunteers organized secretly by André Malraux , named " España " . They were , however , unarmed due to the political stance of the French government that declared very early its neutrality . In August of the same year , after some negotiations with the French government , three fully armed D . 371s arrived to Barcelona , piloted by the mercenary pilots M . Poulain , René Halotier and Henri Rozés . They saw action as escorts of a bombing raid against the Rena de Talaveira that destroyed the headquarters of General Juan Yagüé . These three D . 371s had successfully defended their bomber s against the attacks of six German Heinkel He 51 biplane fighters - an older - design aircraft with inferior performance . The Squadron España operated with these planes until the arrival of the modern Polikarpov I - 15 and I - 16 , at which time the three Dewoitine 371s were withdrawn from the front and continued as training aircraft . However , they reappeared later in some squadrons and one is known to have flown with the 71 Fighter Group by the Yugoslav ( Slovenian ) volunteer pilot Josip Križaj . All Dewoitines left were practically destroyed after having been bombed by the " Legion Condor " aircraft in the airfield of Bañolas . This type was not used by the French in World War II .
Kars Class Gunboat First ships in the world to use diesel propulsion , these small gunboats were designed in 1908 for the fleet of the Caspian Sea , being carried there by railroad . Participated in naval operations against the British in 1919 and converted for anti - aircraft ships , had an important role in escorting convoys of fuel from the Caspian , acting against the Luftwaffe .
Chinese gunboat Chung Shan Chung Shan ( 中山艦 ； Zhongshan in pinyin ) , originally named Yung Feng ( 永豐艦 ; Yongfeng in pinyin ) , is a Chinese gunboat built in Japan in 1913 of 830 tons and later renamed in 1925 Chung Shan in honor of Dr . Sun Yat - sen , the founder of the Republic of China . Construction . The ship was ordered by the Qing Government in 1910 and was built by Mitsubishi . Service . In 1922 the " Chung Shan " fought its way past the Pearl River forts controlled by Chen Jiongming while carrying Sun Yat - sen and Chiang Kai Shek . On April 13 , 1925 , the ship was renamed to its current name in honor of Sun Yat - sen . The ship was also involved in the Zhongshan Warship Incident in 1926 . She patrolled the coast of South China against pirates after Northern Expedition . In the Second Sino - Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) , she participated in the battle of Wuhan . She was bombed and sunk in the Yangtze River by Japanese invaders on 24 October 1938 with 25 casualties . Aftermath . The shipwreck was salvaged from the river in January 1997 . The salvaged and restored Zhong Shan gunboat is now located in its own museum in Wuhan . The museum is located in Jinkou Subdistrict of Wuhan ' s suburban Jiangxia District , some 25 km southwest of downtown Wuchang . See also . A Liberty ship , constructed in the United States , was named " Sun Yat - sen " . For details see List of Liberty ships ( S – Z ) .
USS Suzanne ( SP - 510 ) USS " Suzanne " ( SP - 510 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Suzanne " was built as the private motor yacht " Cristina " in 1908 by George Lawley & Son at Neponset , Massachusetts , for Frederick C . Fletcher of Boston , Massachusetts . She later was renamed " Esperanza " , then " Jorosa " , and then " Suzanne " . On 18 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Suzanne " from her owner - by then F . M . Kirby of Wilkes - Barre , Pennsylvania - for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Suzanne " ( SP - 510 ) the same day . Assigned to the 4th Naval District , " Suzanne " served on patrol duties there for the remainder of World War I . " Suzanne " was stricken from the Navy List on 28 December 1918 and returned to Kirby the same day . She resumed private service as " Suzanne " until 1938 , when she was sold to J . P . Bushong of Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan , and renamed " Cristina " . She later operated under the names " Old Horse Eye " and " Jo Ho " . " Suzanne " should not confused with , a patrol vessel in commission at the same time , or with , the proposed name and designation for a vessel considered for U . S . Navy service at the same time but never acquired by the Navy .
SS Empire Celtic Empire Celtic was a ferry which was built in 1945 as Landing Ship , Tank LST 3512 for the Royal Navy . In 1946 she was chartered by the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company Ltd , converted to a ferry and renamed " Empire Celtic " . In 1956 , she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy for a few months during the Suez Crisis as HMS " Empire Cedric " . She served until 1960 and was scrapped in 1965 . Description . The ship was ordered on 1 February 1944 . She was built by Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd , Lauzon , Quebec , as yard number 335 . She was launched on 25 April 1945 , and completed in September . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine . The engine was built by the Canadian Pacific Railway . It could propel her at . History . " LST 3512 " was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August 1945 . In 1946 , she was chartered by the Atlantic Steam Navigation Co Ltd . She was rebuilt as a ferry by Harland & Wolff Ltd , Tilbury . She entered service on trooping duties on the Tilbury - Hamburg route . I 1955 , the route was change to Tilbury - Rotterdam . In 1956 , " Empire Celtic " took part in Operation Musketeer . She was used to bring vehicles back to the United Kingdom from Egypt . Due to weather damage " Empire Celtic " had to divert to Malta for repairs . " Empire Celtic " was withdrawn from service in 1960 . She was sold on 10 August 1962 , and scrapped at La Spezia , Italy .
161st Independent Reconnaissance Flight ( Australia ) The 161 ( Independent ) Reconnaissance Flight was an Australian Army aviation unit . Formed in 1965 during the Vietnam War , in September that year the flight deployed to South Vietnam with two Cessna 180s and two Sioux light obersvation helicopters in order to support the 1st Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment based at Bien Hoa airbase . Following the expansion of the Australian commitment , the flight continued to serve in this role as part of the 1st Australian Task Force , with an englarged established and expanded responsibilities , operating out of Vung Tau and Nui Dat until the end of 1971 when it was withdrawn to Australia .
48th Airlift Squadron The 48th Airlift Squadron ( 48 AS ) is part of the 314th Airlift Wing at Little Rock Air Force Base , Arkansas . It operates C - 130J Super Hercules aircraft , conducting pilot and loadmaster training for airlift and airdrop operations . History . Activated in early 1942 under Air Transport ( Later I Troop Carrier ) Command as a C - 47 transport squadron ; trained in the southeastern United States . Deployed to North Africa as part of the Operation Torch landings ; being assigned to Oujda Airfield ; French Morocco . Performed troop carrier and transport airlift of supplies to ground forces advancing though Algeria into Tunisia under Twelfth Air Force . Also evacuated wounded personnel to rear areas . Carried airborne paratroopers and performed airborne assault missions over Sicily and Italy as part of the invasion forces . Reassigned to IX Troop Carrier Command in the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in February 1944 as part of the pre - invasion buildup of forces in England . Performed combat airborne assault missions as part of D - Day ; Operation Market - Garden and Operation Varsity 1944 - 1945 . Also performed supply and evacuation missions in France and the Low Countries ; participated in the Western Allied invasion of Germany ; 1945 . Continued combat airlift and supply missions until the German capitulation in May 1945 . Squadron continued to operate from Achiet , France during 1945 , performing transportation of personnel and supplies within Europe ; demobilized in place during August , and inactivated as a paper unit in September 1945 . Reactivated as part of the United States Air Forces in Europe , 1946 . Assigned to transport duties as part of the European Air Transport Service , 1946 - 1947 as part of the army of occupation . Inactivated in Austria in June 1947 . Immediately reactivated as a Tactical Air Command troop carrier squadron in 1947 ; being assigned to Texas and equipped with C - 46 s . Deployed to Germany in 1948 to support Berlin Airlift ; operated from British Zone of Occupation , with C - 54 s . Inactivated in West Germany in September 1949 . Reactivated under Eighteenth Air Force in 1953 as a Tactical Air Command C - 119 Flying Boxcar troop carrier squadron . Performed routine airlift of supplies and personnel ; including Army Airborne parachute drops until being inactivated due to funding restrictions in 1955 ; Reactivated as a C - 130 Hercules Troop Carrier ( later Tactical Airlift ) squadron under TAC in 1964 . The 48th provided airlift for airborne forces from 1965 - 1967 . It deployed aircraft and crews to France and England , October 1965 - March 1967 and to Panama Canal Zone , March – June 1967 . It provided intra - theater airlift and support of U . S . Army airborne forces from 1971 - 1973 . In 2003 , the 48th Airlift was reactivated as the first active duty C - 130J Super Hercules Formal Training Unit .