naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Abid Ali ( Azad Hind Fauj ) Captain Abid Ali was an officer in the Indian National Army and an ADC to Subhas Chandra Bose . He had accompanied Bose on his U - boat trip from Germany to Japan , closer to the INA ' s theater of war . He is known for his Hindi - Urdu version of " Jana Gana Mana " ( later to become India ' s national anthem ) , which was called " Sab sukh chain " and became the anthem of the Indian National Army and the Provisional Government of Free India ( or " Arzi Hukumat - e - Azad Hind " ) .
Fort Rosalie - class replenishment ship The Fort Rosalie or Fort class is a class of fleet replenishment vessel of the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary . These ships are designed to replenish Royal Navy taskgroups with all kinds of armaments and victualling stores while under way ; unlike the bigger " Fort Victoria " class they supply dry stores but not fuel . RFA " Fort Rosalie " was originally known as " Fort Grange " , but was renamed in 2000 to avoid confusion with the new " Fort Victoria " class replenishment oiler RFA " Fort George " . Design . They have the capacity to store 3 , 500 long ton of stores , including refrigerated items , in four holds . They are capable of replenishment at sea ( RAS ) , using three 10 - ton and three 5 - ton cranes and vertical replenishment ( VERTREP ) . For the latter role there are generous flight facilities ; a single spot flight deck , an emergency landing platform atop the hangar and a complement of up to four ( but usually one ) Fleet Air Arm Westland Sea King helicopters and the requisite maintenance facilities . As such , they are often used for aviation training . History . Two ships were ordered in 1971 , with the first entering service in 1978 . Both ships saw service in the Falklands War , the then " Fort Grange " being shadowed by Argentine Air Force C - 130 Hercules aircraft while still 1 , 000 nm from the combat area and " Fort Austin " being attacked while sitting in San Carlos Water . " Fort Austin " supported the British intervention in Sierra Leone in 2000 . " Fort Austin " was mothballed in 2009 but was reactivated following the 2010 SDSR at the expense of RFA " Fort George " . Both " Fort Rosalie " and " Fort Austin " have had major refits at Camell Laird to enable another decade of service . In 2011 it was announced that the service lives of " Fort Austin " and " Fort Rosalie " would be extended by another two years to 2023 and 2024 respectively ; they will ultimately be replaced by the Fleet Solid Support element of the Military Afloat Reach and Sustainability programme .
Torpedo tube A torpedo tube is a device for launching torpedo es . There are two main types of torpedo tube : underwater tubes fitted to submarine s and some surface ships , and deck - mounted units ( also referred to as torpedo launchers ) installed aboard surface vessels . Deck - mounted torpedo launchers are usually designed for a specific type of torpedo , while submarine torpedo tubes are general - purpose launchers , and are often also capable of deploying mines and cruise missile s . Most modern launchers are standardised on a diameter for light torpedoes ( deck mounted aboard ship ) or a diameter for heavy torpedoes ( underwater tubes ) , although other sizes of torpedo tube have been used : see Torpedo classes and diameters . Submarine torpedo tube . A submarine torpedo tube is a more complex mechanism than a torpedo tube on a surface ship , because the tube has to accomplish the function of moving the torpedo from the normal atmospheric pressure within the submarine into the sea at the ambient pressure of the water around the submarine . Thus a submarine torpedo tube operates on the principle of an airlock . Torpedo tube operation . The accompanying diagram illustrates the operation of a submarine torpedo tube . The diagram is somewhat simplified but shows the workings of a submarine torpedo launch . A torpedo tube has a considerable number of interlock s for safety reasons . For example , an interlock prevents the breech door and muzzle door from opening at the same time . Also , the breech door cannot be opened when the tube is filled with water . The submarine torpedo launch sequence is , in simplified form : Spare torpedoes are stored behind the tube in racks . Speed is a desirable feature of a torpedo loading system , but safety is paramount . There are various manual and hydraulic handling systems for loading torpedoes into the tubes . Prior to the , US SSBNs utilized manual block and tackle which took about 15 minutes to load a tube . SSNs prior to the used a hydraulic system that was much faster and safer in conditions where the ship needed to maneuver . The German Type 212 submarine uses a new development of the water ram expulsion system , which ejects the torpedo with water pressure to avoid acoustic detection .
Mounted Battle Command On The Move Mounted Battle Command On The Move ( MBCOTM ) is a program of the United States Army managed by the Program Executive Office for Command , Control , Communications Tactical ( PEO C3T ) out of Fort Monmouth , New Jersey . MBCOTM has the stated goal of " enabling the Tactical Commander to exercise effective Command and Control by moving to the Decisive Point on the battlefield with the same level of Situational Understanding heretofore available only within a fixed command post . " This is accomplished by putting a command and control system such as an Army Battle Command System , CPOF , C2PC , and / or DTCS along with extensive communication gear in a Stryker , HMMWV , or Bradley and locating it in a forward - deployed location .
1st Georgia Infantry The 1st Georgia Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . History . The regiment was first organized May 1 , 1862 , with men recruited from Fulton and other counties . The companies first named were twelve months ' troops ( regulars ) , a majority re - enlisting for the war , while others were mustered out when the twelve months expired . In 1862 , they were led by Col . William J . Magill ( wounded at Antietam ) , and then by Capt . Richard A . Wayne . By September 1863 , they were led by Maj . James Clarke Gordon . They were surrendered along with Joseph E . Johnston ' s army at Bennett Place in North Carolina on April 26 , 1865 . Sometimes confused with Colonel James N . Ramsey ' s 1st Georgia Infantry , which was formed in Macon on April 3 , 1861 , and mustered out of service in Augusta on March 10 , 1862 .
Battle of Bloody Run The Battle of Bloody Run was fought during Pontiac ' s Rebellion on July 31 , 1763 . In an attempt to break Pontiac ' s siege of Fort Detroit , about 250 British troops attempted to make a surprise attack on Pontiac ' s encampment . Pontiac was ready and waiting , possibly alerted by French settlers , and defeated the British at Parent ' s Creek two miles ( 3 km ) east of the fort . However , he did not accomplish the destruction of this British force which would have greatly demoralized the British and dissuaded more British efforts to break the Indian siege of Fort Detroit . The creek , or " run " , was said to have run red with the blood of the 20 dead and 34 wounded British soldiers and was henceforth known as Bloody Run . The attack ' s commander , Captain James Dalyell , was one of those killed . After learning of Dalyell ' s death , General Jeffrey Amherst offered a £200 bounty to anyone who would kill Pontiac . The famous frontiersman Robert Rogers was one of the British commanders in the battle .
Intelligence Corps ( Israel ) The Israeli Intelligence Corps ( , " Heil HaModi ' in " , abbreviated to Haman ) is an Israel Defense Forces corps which falls under the jurisdiction of IDF Directorate of Military Intelligence ( Aman ) and is responsible for collecting , disseminating , and publishing intelligence information for the General Staff and the political branch . The corps also engages in counter - intelligence and information security work , and presents general assessments . The primary and fundamental mission of the military corps is to provide the political and military echelon intelligential warning in real time of war and activity against Israel . The corps was established as a result of the Agranat Commission ' s recommendation on the intelligence shortcomings in the Yom Kippur War . A Chief Intelligence Officer is detached from but subordinate to the head of Aman . On November 12 , 1976 , its first Chief Intelligence Officer , Brigadier - General Dov Tamari , was appointed . The corps includes Unit 8200 , which is the IDF central collection unit , responsible for SIGINT collection and cryptographical analysis , including the Hatzav Unit , responsible for collecting OSINT intelligence .
Lightweight Exo - Atmospheric Projectile The Lightweight Exo - atmospheric Projectile ( LEAP ) is a lightweight miniaturized kinetic kill vehicle designed to destroy incoming ballistic missile s both inside or outside the Earth ' s atmosphere . The warhead is delivered to the interception point by a system such as the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System . History . Development began in 1985 by the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization , which pioneered the development of miniaturized kill vehicle technology .
Camp Endicott Camp Endicott , was a United States Navy Seabee facility part of Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center . It is now a historic site between Seventh and Tenth streets in North Kingstown , Rhode Island . The camp was built in 1942 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 . The vast training camp built at Davisville , Rhode Island in 1942 provided more than 100 , 000 men of the U . S . Navy ' s Construction Battalions , better known as " Seabees , " with construction training during World War II . During the Vietnam War , eight Naval Mobile Construction Battalions representing some 4 , 000 Seabees were homeported at Davisville , in addition to 1 , 200 civilians . Named in honor of Rear Admiral Mordecai T . Endicott , the first Civil Engineer Corps Officer to be appointed Chief of the former Bureau of Yards and Docks , Camp Endicott ( later established as the U . S . Naval Construction Battalion Center , Davisville ) was also the birthplace of the Quonset hut . These semi - cylindrically shaped , prefabricated , portable buildings were designed and produced at Davisville and shipped to various places throughout the world . Because of its design and worldwide dispersion , the Quonset Hut is considered one of the most universal structures in the world . The Camp Endicott Historical District at Davisville was established to preserve some of these structures as well as a portion of the former Camp that played a vital role in World War II . The seven - acre District , located at the southern boundary of the Center , contains 17 huts that are currently used by the NCBC Supply Department and a Navy Tenant Activity .
Minamoto no Yoshishige Minamoto no Yoshishige ( 源 義重 ) ( 1135 – 1202 ) was the progenitor of the Nitta branch family of the Minamoto samurai clan , who fought alongside the Minamoto in the Genpei War . He is also known as Nitta Tarō and Nitta Yoshishige . His father was Minamoto no Yoshikuni , and his grandfather Minamoto no Yoshiie . Yoshishige was posthumously awarded the title of " Chinjufu - shogun " , or Commander - in - chief of the Defense of the North , in 1611 , four centuries after his death , by the second Tokugawa shogun , Tokugawa Hidetada . The Tokugawa family falsely claimed descent from the Nitta .
Yamashina Mido Yamashina Mido , also known as Yamashina Hongan - ji ( 山科本願寺 ) , was a Buddhist temple in Kyoto which was used as a fortress by the Ikkō - ikki , an organization of warrior monks and lay zealots who opposed samurai rule . History . The temple was originally founded by Rennyo , abbot of the Jōdo Shinshū sect whose preachings spurred the creation of the Ikkō - ikki . Following the 1465 destruction of the chief Jōdo Shinshū temple , the Hongan - ji in Kyoto , Rennyo spent roughly a decade in the provinces . He returned to Kyoto in 1478 ; the construction of the Yamashina Mido was completed in 1483 , becoming the center of the Jōdo Shinshū sect . Rennyo remained there for over a decade , leaving in 1496 and traveling to the area now known as Osaka , where he would found the Ishiyama Hongan - ji . Over the next several decades , the Yamashina Mido remained the central headquarters of the sect , even as the Ishiyama Hongan - ji and the city of Osaka grew in size and prominence . In the 1530s , the Ikkō - ikki began to undertake attacks on major religious centers in the cities as other bands of Ikkō mobs had done against samurai rulers in the provinces . The mobs attacked the Nichiren Kenpon - ji in Sakai , the Kōfuku - ji and Kasuga shrine s in Nara , among other sites , and incurred the ire of both clergy and lay adherents to Nichiren and other sects . Kyoto , meanwhile , had been in the process , for decades , of being rebuilt following the extensive destruction of the city in the Ōnin War of 1467 - 1477 . The rising urban merchant class consisted largely of adherents to the Nichiren sect of Buddhism , and tensions soon led to attacks on the Ikkō - ikki in the city . In 1532 , Hosokawa Harumoto and Rokkaku Sadayori led a combination of samurai and townspeople in attacking and destroying the Yamashina Mido . Shonyo , abbot of Yamashina , fled along with many of his followers , taking refuge in the Ishiyama Honganji . He successfully resisted another attack by Hosokawa there , and the Ishiyama Honganji remained the headquarters of the sect for almost fifty years .
Charles Lane Fitzhugh Charles Lane Fitzhugh ( August 22 , 1838 – September 16 , 1923 ) was a brevet brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Military career . Fitzhugh was appointed to the United States Military Academy in 1859 , but left in September 1861 before finishing to join the Union war effort . He was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the 4th United States Regular Artillery in October 1861 , and served as an Aide - de - Camp to major general Don Carlos Buell during the April 1862 Shiloh Campaign . Fitzhugh then led the 4th Regular Artillery ' s Battery C , commanding it in all the Army of the Potomac ' s 1864 battles and campaigns in Virginia . On December 24 , 1864 , he was commissioned a Colonel of Volunteers , and was given command of the 6th New York Volunteer Cavalry . His direct role with the unit , though , was nominal ; he was promoted specifically to command the 2nd Brigade , 1st Cavalry Division of Major General Philip Sheridan ' s Army of the Shenandoah . He led the brigade through to the end of the war , and briefly was in charge of the 2nd New York Provisional Cavalry ( a " holding " unit for soldiers awaiting muster out ) before being mustered out the volunteer service himself . On March 13 , 1865 , he was brevetted Brigadier General , U . S . Volunteers for " gallantry , energy and ability " and Brigadier General , U . S . Regular Army for " gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war " . Reverting to Regular Army rank of lieutenant , he served in the postbellum forces until he resigned in 1868 . He then engaged in steel manufacturing until his retirement . He died at age at 85 in 1923 at Cobourg , Ontario , Canada . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery .
20th Infantry Division ( Poland ) 20th Infantry Division ( ) was a unit of the Polish Army during the interbellum period , which took part in the Polish September Campaign . It was formed in 1920 from the reorganization of the 2nd Lithuanian - Belarusian Division . Stationed in Baranowicze and commanded by Colonel Wilhelm Andrzej Lawicz - Liszka . September 1939 Campaign In the summer of 1939 it was moved west and became part of the Army Modlin . Its task was to defend the partly fortified area north of Mława , near the inter war border of Poland and East Prussia . Between September 1 and 3 , 1939 ( see : Polish September Campaign ) , the Division defended positions around Mława ( see : Battle of Mława ) , facing the more numerous and better equipped units of the German 1st Army Corps ( composed of : 11th Infantry Division , 61st Infantry Division and the Panzer Division Kempf ) . The Wehrmacht was advancing southwards , towards Warsaw , but first attacks were repulsed with the loss of around 25 German tanks . Unable to capture Mława in frontal attack , the Germans decided to go around and attack from sides . As they threatened 20th I . D . ' s rear , the Poles were ordered to withdraw . However , supported by the neighbouring Polish 8th Infantry Division , the defenders kept their positions . On September 2 , German attacks failed again , even though they ordered Polish civilians to walk in front of their tanks . The Germans decided to organize an offensive from the area of Ostrołęka and Przasnysz . This succeeded , and on September 3 , Polish positions were broken . To make matters worse , the counter - attack of the 8th I . D . was ill - organized and failed , resulting in chaotic , panic withdrawal of 8th I . D . units . Facing the difficult situation , the 20th I . D . was ordered to withdraw on the night of September 3 – 4 . Bombed by the Germans , the Division around September 7 reached the area of Płock . Then , the remains of the unit entered Warsaw , helping with its defence from northwest . They capitulated together with the Warsaw garrison on September 28 ( see : Siege of Warsaw ( 1939 ) ) . The Germans who fought against the 20 . at Mława gave it a nickname " Steel Division . "
Brian Stanbridge Air Vice - Marshal Sir Brian ( Gerald Tivy ) Stanbridge , KCVO , CBE , AFC ( 6 July 1924 - 12 February 2003 ) was a senior Royal Air Force officer . RAF career . Stanbridge joined the Royal Air Force in 1942 and saw action in World War II as a pilot with No . 31 Squadron flying Dakotas on supply - dropping missions over Burma . He became a pilot in the Queen ’ s Flight in 1954 serving as flying instructor to the Duke of Edinburgh . After attending the Royal Naval Staff College in 1958 , he became Personal Staff Officer to the Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief , Coastal Command . He went on to be Wing Commander responsible for Flying at RAF St Mawgan in 1960 and , after attending the Joint Services Staff College in 1962 , he joined the Directing Staff at the Staff College , Camberley at the end of the year . He transferred to the staff of the NATO Standing Group in Washington D . C . in 1966 , became RAF Director at the Joint Anti - Submarine School at RAF Aldergrove later that year and was appointed Group Captain responsible for Operations at Headquarters RAF Coastal Command in 1968 . He went on to be Air Commodore responsible for Operations and Training at Headquarters No . 18 Group in 1969 , Secretary of the Chiefs of Staff Committee in 1971 and Assistant Commandant of the RAF Staff College in 1973 . His last appointment was as Defence Services Secretary from 1975 until he retired in 1979 . In retirement he was Director - General of the Air Transport User ' s Committee . He was also President of the RAF Gliding & Soaring Association .
Japanese minesweeper W - 26 W - 26 was a " W - 19 " - class minesweeper operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Design . The ship was ordered in August 1941 under the Rapid Naval Armaments Supplement Programme . Built by Mitsubishi Yards in Yokohama , the ship was laid down in 1942 , launched in late 1942 , and completed on 31 March 1943 . Operational career . On 2 November , " W - 26 " was damaged by bombs , while at Rabaul , New Britain , and beached to prevent her loss . She was repaired and refloated and departed Rabaul for Truk on 23 November . " W - 26 " underwent further repairs in December at Rabaul , tied up alongside " Hakkai Maru " . While anchored in Karavia Bay , near Rabaul on 17 February 1944 , she was attacked by SBD dive - bombers and TBF torpedo - bombers of the United States Navy . Sunk in the attack were " W - 26 " , " Iwate Maru " , and guardboat " Funku Maru No . 2 " . She was removed from the Navy List on 30 April 1944 . Her wreck was partially salvaged by Nanyo Boeki Kaisha in 1958 .
Sextus Julius Severus Sextus Julius Severus was an accomplished Roman General of the 2nd century . Julius Severus served as Governor of Moesia ; he was appointed Governor of Britain around 131 . In 133 he was transferred to Judea , to help suppress the Bar Kochba rebellion there . Because of his military reputation , historians have seen him as a troubleshooter , sent to troublesome provinces to bring peace through war and his presence has been taken as indication of unrest in Britain at the time . There is no archaeological evidence to suggest fighting in Britain under his governorship although a reference by the orator Fronto to many soldiers dying in Britain under Hadrian ' s reign may refer to trouble at this time . " Soon [ AD132 ] , however , all Judaea had been stirred up , and the Jews everywhere were showing signs of disturbance . . . Hadrian sent against them his best generals . The first of these was Julius Severus , who was dispatched from Britain , where he was governor , against the Jews . " Cassius Dio History of Rome LXIX . xiii . 1 - 2 - Epitome of Xiphilinus
Pernik sword The Pernik sword is a medieval double - edged iron sword unearthed in the ruins of the medieval fortress of Krakra near Pernik , western Bulgaria , on 1 January 1921 . It bears an inscription in silver inlay on the blade . The sword is preserved in the National Archaeological Museum of Bulgaria in Sofia under inventory number 2044 . The sword is in length and up to in width . The inscription , written in the Latin alphabet , was long considered incomprehensible . It reads as follows : Two decipherments have been proposed . One view , expressed in the original archaeological publication about the sword , has been that the text represents a series of Latin abbreviations of sacred formulae that were intended to bring good fortune , as found on other swords from the 12th and 13th centuries . Following the transcriptions proposed by other authors for similar letter sequences , one Bulgarian author suggested a tentative reading of the Pernik inscription along the lines of " IH ( ESUS ) . IN I ( HESUS ) N ( OMINE ) . IH ( ESUS ) VI ( RGO ) . L ( AUS ) P ( ATRIS ) I ( HESUS ) D ( OMINI ) H ( RISTUS ) . IN IH ( ESUS ) VI ( RGO ) . L ( AUS ) P ( ATRIS ) N ( OSTRIS ) " , that is to say " Jesus - - in Jesus ' name - - Jesus , the Virgin - - praise of the Father , Jesus , the Lord , Christ - - in Jesus , the Virgin - praise of Our Father " ( the de - abbreviated words have not been consistently declined ) . To put this into perspective , it may be observed that on other swords , the common formula " in nomine domini " , " in the Lord ' s name " was abbreviated in ways ranging from the unmistakable NNOMNEDMN to the heavily distorted NINOMINED , OIEDOMINI , INNIOINNEDINI , etc . ; and longer inscriptions could be incoherent and contracted to the point of complete opacity , for example INPMPNC " I ( n ) n ( omine ) p ( atris ) M ( ater ) p ( atris ) n ( ostri ) C ( hristi ) " , " In the name of the Father . Mother of Our Father Christ " or IINBITTPINI " I ( esus ) . I ( n ) n ( omine ) b ( eati ) I ( esu ) . T ( rinitas ) . T ( rinitas ) . P ( atris ) I ( esu ) n ( omine ) I ( n ) " , " Jesus - - in the name of the blessed Jesus - - Trinity - - Trinity - - Of the Father - - of Jesus - - the name - - in " . A more recent attempt at decipherment , dating from 2005 , suggested that the inscription was in an early West Germanic language ( Austro - Bavarian or Lombardic of ca . the 6th to 8th century ) . The proposed parsing is " IH INI NI hVIL PIDH , INI hVIL PN " , meaning " I do not await eternity , I am eternity " , or literally " I inside not time wait , inside time am " ( " hvil " being cognate to English " while " and German " Weile " ) . If the parsing is plausible or at least the identification of the written language is correct , the text is of great importance to the history of Germanic languages .