naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Center of Excellence The Combined Joint Operations from the Sea - Centre of Excellence ( CJOS COE ) is a multinational military Centre of Excellence located in Norfolk , Virginia , accredited by NATO . The current director is Vice Admiral Michelle J . Howard of the U . S . Navy , and the current Deputy Director is Commodore Steve J . Chick , CBE of the British Royal Navy . Overview . Working in conjunction with the Commander US Fleet Forces , the CJOS COE will provide a focus for the Sponsoring Nations and NATO in improving allied ability to conduct Combined Joint Operations from the sea in order to ensure that current and emerging global security challenges can be successfully tackled . The CJOS COE aims to become the pre - eminent source of innovative specialist advice and expertise on all Multi - National aspects of Combined Joint Operations from the Sea in support of the Sponsoring Nations , NATO and other non - NATO allies . History . The CJOS COE was established on May 31 , 2006 , by the signing of two Memoranda of Understanding ( MOU ) : - the Operational MOU between the Ministry of Defense ' s of the host nation ( United States ) and twelve additional Sponsoring Nations ; the MOU formally establishes the CJOS COE and makes provisions for its operation , funding , manning , equipment , and infrastructure , as well as for its administrative and logistical support ; - the Functional MOU establishes the functional relationship between HQ SACT and the CJOS COE . This MOU has been signed by Strategic Allied Command - Transformation and the thirteen Sponsoring Nations .
Battle of Port Walthall Junction The Battle of Port Walthall Junction was fought May 6 – 7 , 1864 , between Union and Confederate forces during the Bermuda Hundred Campaign of the American Civil War . Although initially successful , the Confederates were eventually defeated , allowing Union forces to cut a railroad . Battle . In conjunction with the opening of Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ' s Overland Campaign , Maj . Gen . Benjamin Butler ' s Army of the James , 33 , 000 strong , disembarked from transports at Bermuda Hundred on May 5 , threatening the Richmond - Petersburg Railroad . On May 6 , Confederate Brig . Gen . Johnson Hagood ' s brigade stopped initial Federal probes at Port Walthall Junction . On May 7 , a Union division drove Hagood ' s and Brig . Gen . Bushrod Johnson ' s brigades from the depot and cut the railroad at Port Walthall Junction . Confederate defenders retired behind Swift Run Creek and awaited reinforcements . Aftermath . Union casualties were more than 300 , Confederates less than 200 , primarily from Hagood ' s brigade .
Germanske SS Norge Germanske SS Norge ( GSSN ) was a military organization established in Norway in July 1942 . GSSN was at the same time a Norwegian branch of Germanic - SS , and a sub organization of Quisling ' s Nasjonal Samling . Leader of the organization was Jonas Lie , and second - in - command was Sverre Riisnæs . The number of members reached a maximum of about 1 , 300 in 1944 . A large part of the members were recruited from the police , and about fifty percent served at the Eastern Front .
French ship Superbe ( 1784 ) The Superbe was a " Téméraire " class 74 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . Her hull was copper sheated . She took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver , where she sank due to a leak . Her crew was rescued by Pierre Maurice Julien de Quérangal . Three - masted , with two decks , 76 guns and extreme manoeuvrability won Le Superbe a lot of admirers , including the English . Her architect was the famous Jacques Noel Sane . She required 700 men for the smooth running of the vessel . The eminent shipwright Anthony Deane was directed by Charles II to build his new warships along the lines of Le Superbe , which had open galleries . They first appeared became increasingly common in English ships . Le Superbe formed part of Admiral Villaret Joyeuse ’ s fleet . It was a period of great battles against the British fleet . Le Superbe came to a tragic end being sunk in a storm in 1795 . It was a masterful piece of art and beautiful sculpture that sank to the bottom of the ocean
USS Menelaus ( ARL - 13 ) USS " Menelaus " ( ARL - 13 ) was one of 39 " Achelous " - class landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Menelaus ( in Greek mythology , a son of Atreus , king of Ancient Sparta , husband of Helen and younger brother to Agamemnon ) , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . Originally laid down as " LST - 971 " by the Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard of Hingham , Massachusetts 17 November 1944 ; launched 20 December 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . William Cosgrove ; and placed in reduced commission 15 January 1945 . Proceeding to Baltimore , Maryland she decommissioned on the 29th ; was converted to an ARL at the Bethlehem Key Highway Plant ; and commissioned in full as USS " Menelaus " ( ARL 13 ) 29 May 1945 with Lieutenant Peter F . Tripp in command . Service history . 1st commission . Having completed shakedown and fitting out by 2 July , the landing craft repair ship headed north to Davisville , Rhode Island to take on pontoons for transport to forward areas . On 7 July she departed the east coast , transited the Panama Canal on the 15th , and was two days out of Pearl Harbor when she received word of the Japanese surrender . Mooring in that Hawaiian harbor 16 August , she got underway again on the 20th for Saipan , where she ably carried out her repair duties for the next six months . Departing Saipan 18 February 1946 " Menelaus " proceeded , via Hawaii , the Panama Canal and New Orleans , to Galveston , Texas , arriving 17 June to begin inactivation . Completing the process at Orange , Texas she decommissioned 5 June 1947 and was berthed there as a unit of the Reserve Fleet . 2nd commission . Recommissioned 14 December 1950 she sailed for Charleston for outfitting and on 24 March 1951 arrived at Norfolk , Virginia to report for duty to ComAirLant . On 5 September , having added aviation supply duties to her role as a repair ship , she departed Norfolk for an extended tour with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean . For the next 4½ years , with only one interruption for availability at Norfolk ( 9 March to 15 August 1953 ) , " Menelaus " operated throughout the Mediterranean . On 19 March 1955 she returned to Norfolk for her second pre - inactivation overhaul . In June , she steamed to Green Cove Springs , Florida where she decommissioned 5 September . The ARL remained berthed in Florida as a unit of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1 June 1960 . On 28 October 1960 she was sold to the Norfolk , Baltimore & Caroline Line , which subsequently placed her in service as MV " Maryland Clipper " . Resold in 1978 to the Thor Corporation of Venezuela , her final fate is unknown .
V . R . Raghavan Lt . Gen . ( Retd . ) Vasantha R . Raghavan is one of India ’ s leading military strategic thinkers . He served in the Indian Army for thirty seven years and retired as the Director General of Military Operations in 1994 . After retirement from the Army he has written several books and is currently the Director of the Delhi Policy Group and President of the Centre for Security Analysis , Chennai . Military career . General Raghavan was commissioned in the Punjab Regiment in 1957 . He graduated in 1968 from the Royal Military College of Science and the Army Staff College in the UK . He was the Commanding General in the Siachen and Kargil sectors during some of the intense combat actions in the area . He was closely involved in the formulation of the Sino - Indian accord on maintaining peace on the borders and in the series of negotiations with Pakistan on the Siachen dispute . As Director General of Military Operations , he made a significant contribution to strategic planning and field force management of the army . He was awarded the PVSM , UYSM , and AVSM honours by the Government of India . Strategic Thinker . Gen . Raghavan has written four books which have become essential reading in military colleges : Other than this he has also edited many books : In his book on the Siachen conflict , which is regarded as the definitive work on the subject , he notes that neither India nor Pakistan gains a strategic advantage from the occupation of the Saltoro range and offers a road map for conflict resolution . He has also edited more than a dozen other books besides writing numerous articles on strategic issues relating to India ’ s security . His piece on " Limited War and Nuclear Escalation in South Asia " in The Nonproliferation Review in 2001 concluded that there was a high probability of a nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan in the event of a direct military conflict between the two countries . Gen . Raghavan was a Commissioner on the independent Commission on Weapons of Mass Destruction set up at the initiative of the Government of Sweden and headed by Dr . Hans Blix . The Commission released a report titled " Weapons of Terror : Freeing the World of Nuclear , Biological and Chemical Arms in 2006 " , which was notable for proposing that nuclear , chemical , and biological weapons be outlawed and exploring the options for achieving this within a reasonable timeframe . He was also a Member of the Government of India Review Committee to review the Armed Forces Special Powers Act , which had been opposed in Manipur and other parts of Northeast India . Although the government has not made the report of the Committee submitted in 2005 public , it has been reported that the panel recommended that the Act be repealed . Gen . Raghavan has consistently argued that security should be viewed in terms of human security in societal , environmental , economic , and political terms instead of the narrow military perspective .
Gary Sick Gary G . Sick ( born 1935 ) is an American academic and analyst of Middle East affairs , with special expertise on Iran , who served on the staff of the U . S . National Security Council under Presidents Ford , Carter , and Reagan . He has written two books on U . S . - Iran relations , in addition to a number of co - edited books and numerous articles and scholarly contributions . He also maintains a blog . Biographical profile . Sick is a retired captain in the U . S . Navy . He received a B . A . from Kansas University in 1957 , and later earned a Master of Science degree at George Washington University ( 1970 ) , followed by a PhD in political science at Columbia University ( 1973 ) . Sick served on the staff of the National Security Council under President Carter , and was the principal White House aide for Persian Gulf affairs from 1976 to 1981 , a period which included the Iranian revolution and the hostage crisis . After leaving government service , Sick served as Deputy Director for International Affairs at the Ford Foundation from 1982 to 1987 , and is the executive director of the " Gulf / 2000 Project " at Columbia University ( 1993 – present ) , which has published five books and numbers many of the leading scholars on the Persian Gulf among its global membership . He is an adjunct professor of International Affairs and a senior research scholar at Columbia ' s School of International & Public Affairs , where he has been voted one of the top professors . He is emeritus member of the board of directors of Human Rights Watch , and serves as founding chair of the Advisory Committee of Human Rights Watch / Middle East .
USNS Invincible ( T - AGM - 24 ) USNS " Invincible " ( T - AGM - 24 ) , also known as ex - " AGOS 10 " , is one of two Missile Range Instrumentation Ship s operated by the Military Sealift Command . One of the radar s it carries is the Cobra Gemini dual band , X band and S band , radar . Like other members of the " Stalwart " class of ocean surveillance ships , the original mission of the " Invincible " was to patrol the oceans looking for submarines with her Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System ( SURTASS ) , a large passive sonar array . The ship was reclassified from AGOS - 10 to AGM - 24 on April 4 , 2000 after she was refitted as a missile range instrumentation ship . " Invincible " provides a platform for the Cobra Gemini dual - band radar developed by the United States Air Force to support data collection requirements on theater ballistic missile s . The Military Sealift Command retains custody for United States Air Force use for deploying a mobile surveillance and tracking radar system . Deployments . " Invincible " deployed to the Persian Gulf in 2012 , passing through the Straits of Hormuz on 19 May 2012 in convoy with British minesweepers .
USS Pasquotank ( AOG - 18 ) USS " Pasquotank " ( AOG - 18 ) was a " Mettawee " - class gasoline tanker acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet , and to remote Navy stations . " Pasquotank " was laid down as " SS Tongue River " , MC hull 900 , on 13 August 1942 by East Coast Shipyard Inc . , Bayonne , New Jersey ; launched 28 November 1942 ; originally classified as " YOG – 48 " , she was reclassified " AOG – 18 " , 25 March 1943 and named " Pasquotank " the same day ; acquired by the Navy 15 April 1943 ; and commissioned 26 August 1943 , Lt . Alford R . Norris USNR in command . World War II service . After shakedown , " Pasquotank " sailed from New York Harbor , in convoy , for Aruba , Netherlands West Indies , where she loaded fuel oil and proceeded , via the Panama Canal , to Bora Bora , Society Islands , in the South Pacific Ocean . She arrived Bora Bora , 3 December 1943 , and from there , through February 1944 , she traveled extensively in the Fiji , New Hebrides , and Solomon Islands , carrying aviation gas and diesel fuel . She unloaded fuel for U . S . Marine air groups at perimeter strips in the Torokina area during March , while they were under siege by the Japanese . In May she set up a shuttle service for the Air Force which was conducting raids against Truk , Rabaul , and Kavieng from Green and Treasury Islands . South Pacific operations . Through July she operated in the New Guinea area , and in August began a seven month stint as station tanker at Seeadler Harbor in the Admiralties , servicing escort carriers and cruisers . " Pasquotank " was detached from this assignment 20 March 1945 and sailed for Leyte . At Leyte , she operated from San Pedro Bay into August , servicing small craft , and was at Manus on V – J Day . During September she fueled transports in Hollandia Bay , and returned to San Pedro Bay for shuttle service into November . Post - war decommissioning . She then returned to San Francisco , California , in late December , and decommissioned 27 March 1946 . " Pasquotank " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 21 May 1946 , transferred to the Maritime Commission 1 July 1946 and served as " SS Tongue River " until scrapped in 1964 .
Michael Huskey Michael A . Huskey ( 1841 – October 1864 ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Early life and family . A native of Ireland , Huskey immigrated to the United States with his family as a child , in 1848 or 1849 . The family originally settled in Lockport , New York , and later moved to nearby Royalton . Huskey Cemetery in Royalton is located on the old family farm . Military career . Huskey joined the U . S . Navy early in the war and worked as a fireman , feeding coal to the boilers aboard steamships . By March 1863 , he was serving on the gunboat , part of the Mississippi River Squadron , conducting operations in support of the campaign to capture Vicksburg , Mississippi . During Steele ' s Bayou Expedition in mid - March , the " Carondelet " was among a group of Union ships which attempted to bypass Vicksburg and reach the Yazoo River from the Mississippi by steaming through Steele ' s Bayou . The ships became stuck in the bayou ' s narrow channel and came under fire from Confederate soldiers on shore . In an effort to trap the ships , the Confederates began chopping down trees such that they fell across the channel . During the engagement , the tugboat , which carried the commanding Union admiral , became stuck . Despite the Confederate fire , Huskey volunteered for a rescue party which successfully freed the " Ivy " . Union troops led by General William T . Sherman cleared the Confederate soldiers from the area , but the bayou proved impassable and the ships were forced to turn back . For his actions during the expedition , he was approved for the Medal of Honor a year later , on April 16 , 1864 . Only months later , in October 1864 , Huskey died of illness at a hospital in Memphis , Tennessee . He had neither claimed nor received his Medal of Honor before his death ; it is unclear whether he was ever aware of the award . Huskey ' s place of burial is unknown . According to Niagara County historian Catherine Emerson , he was most likely among the " unknowns " buried in Memphis National Cemetery , presumably after authorities lost track of his identity . Unclaimed medal . Officials from Niagara County in New York submitted a request to the Department of the Navy to receive the unclaimed Medal of Honor for Huskey . The Navy denied the request , stating a lack of security in the building the county wantd to display the medal as well as the cost of creating the medal . The navy did however send county officials an embossed letter regarding his Medal of Honor which they called " an embarrassment " . Although county officials were not happy with the outcome , they will display the latter in a display being dedicated in October if the medal is not available . Medal of Honor citation . Fireman Huskey ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Carrying out his duties gallantly , Huskey volunteered to aid in the rescue of the tug " Ivy " under the fire of the enemy , and set forth general meritorious conduct during this hazardous mission .
VMF - 422 Marine Fighting Squadron 422 ( VMF - 422 ) was an F4U Corsair squadron in the United States Marine Corps . The squadron , also known as the “ Flying Buccaneers ” , fought in World War II but is perhaps best known for its role in the worst accident in naval aviation history when they lost 22 of 23 aircraft flying through a storm on January 25 , 1944 . History . VMF - 422 was commissioned on January 1 , 1943 at Naval Air Station San Diego and initially flew the F4F Wildcat . Later that month it moved to Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara as the squadron continued to train its pilots . In August , they boarded the USS Bunker Hill ( CV - 17 ) for transport to Pearl Harbor with follow on movement to Midway Island . The squadron transitioned to the F4U Corsair on December 15 , 1943 . On January 25 , 1944 , 23 of the squadron ' s 24 aircraft left Tarawa Atoll headed for Funafiti , a flight of 469 miles . A failure of their Commanding General ( BGen Lewie G . Merritt ) to authorize an escort plane and an outdated weather forecast led them to fly directly into a major storm . Additionally , General Merritt ' s staff failed to inform Funafiti and the intermediate Nanumea Atoll that a group of friendly aircraft were on their way . 10 of the aircraft were lost at various times during the flight and the remaining 13 were forced to crash land in the ocean . The survivors spent 3 days at sea in life rafts before being spotted by a Navy PBY Catalina from Patrol Squadron 59 . After taking on the survivors , the patrol boat was too heavy to take off and had to radio for help . Later that evening they were met by the destroyer USS Hobby ( DD - 610 ) who ushered the men to safety . In all the squadron lost 22 aircraft and had 6 pilots killed . The 2012 documentary film " The Flintlock Disaster " recounts the events and losses during that flight . VMF - 422 was quickly reconstituted after the disaster and by mid - 1944 they were flying interdiction missions against Japan ese shipping in the Marshall Islands . The Buccaneers operated from Okinawa between May and September 1945 , contributing to the defense of U . S . forces in the Ryukyu campaign . In that time the squadron was credited with 15 Japanese planes shot down . Following the war , the squadron returned to Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in November 1945 . They later moved to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point but were deactivated April 7 , 1947 .
Operation Support Hope Operation Support Hope was a 1994 United States military effort to provide immediate relief for the refugees of the Rwandan Genocide and allow a smooth transition to a full United Nations humanitarian management program . The inhabitants of the camp consisted of approximately two million Hutus , participants in the genocide , and the bystanders , who had fled in anticipation of Tutsi retaliation . On July 22 , 1994 President Clinton announced Operation Support Hope . Two days later , American joint task forces were airlifted to Goma , Zaire ; Kigali , Rwanda ; Entebbe , Uganda ; and Mombasa , Kenya . US Air Force liaison officers were assigned to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) ' s air operations cell in Geneva and assigned to joint logistics cells and civil - military operations center s in the field . The joint task force was headquartered in Entebbe , with the role of providing a cargo airlift to supplement United Nations efforts . The United States Army almost immediately set up a major water supply system at the refugee camp in Goma and helped bury the dead . Relief supplies were flown from Europe directly to African locations by C - 5 and C - 141 cargo jets , which then ferried to Mombasa due to scarcity of fuel in the African interior , and then returned to Europe . Due to limited ramp space , some aircraft were forced into holding patterns ; their fuel requirements were met by KC - 10 tanker aircraft based at Harare , Zimbabwe . During the peak of Operation Support Hope in late August , the United States had 2350 service members deployed . About 15 , 000 tons of humanitarian supplies were delivered by 1200 airlift sorties , about 60 % of the total airlift tonnage . On August 14 , the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) requested that all agencies stop airlifting food to Goma . The operation continued supporting other locations in Rwanda . By presidential order , it ceased on September 27 and the last C - 5 involved in the airlift left Entebbe on September 29 . One noteworthy accomplishment was a C - 5 that flew a 22 - hour flight nonstop from Travis Air Force Base , California to Goma to deliver a water supply system , supported by 3 aerial refuelings . As part of Operation Support Hope , the American defense contractor Halliburton earned $ 6 . 3million through its engineering and construction subsidiary Kellogg Brown & Root ( KBR ) . The operation ' s code name , Support Hope , has been criticized as uninspiring , along with a number of recent code names picked from a computer - generated list .