naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Shirahama Kenki Shirahama Kenki ( 白濱顕貴 , Viet : Bạch Tần Hiển Quý ) was a Japanese pirate of the late 16th - early 17th centuries , one of the first Japanese with whom the southern Vietnamese kingdom of the Nguyễn Lords made contact . He first arrived on the Vietnamese coast in 1585 , with five ships , and began to engage in pirate raids and coastal assaults . He was eventually driven off by a fleet of at least ten ships led by the sixth son of Lord Nguyễn Hoàng ; two of the pirate ships were destroyed , and Shirahama fled . It is said that he was mistaken for a Westerner by the Vietnamese he encountered at the time . Fourteen years later , in 1599 , Shirahama ' s craft crashed near the port of Thuan An . The local magistrate , correctly believing him some variety of pirate or brigand , attacked Shirahama and was killed . Shirahama was then imprisoned , and Nguyễn Hoàng sent a missive to Tokugawa Ieyasu , newly shogun of Japan , asking how to deal with Japanese sailors in the future . This was the first official contact between the two governments , and marked the beginning of a friendly relationship lasting several decades .
6th Air Defense Artillery Brigade ( United States ) The 6th Air Defense Artillery Brigade was the unit under which the United States Army Air Defense Artillery School is organized . The ADA School has been redesignated to the 30th Air Defense Artillery Brigade . The official motto of the 6h ADA is " I Aim With a Sure Blow " ( ) . The brigade was based at Fort Sill , Oklahoma . Lineage . The 6th Air Defense Artillery Brigade was designated and assigned to Training and Doctrine Command in 1987 . Since then , it has provided institutional training for all air defense soldiers and officers . The 6th Air Defense Brigade cased its colors on 18 May 2012 and has been re - flagged as the 30th Air Defense Artillery Brigade . It still has the same subordinate units and mission .
Alter A . 1 The Alter A . 1 was a single - seat biplane fighter aircraft first flown in February 1917 . Built by Ludwig Alter - Werke of Darmstadt to a design by Kallweit and Ketterer , the A . 1 was very similar in concept to the Nieuport 11 , but not a copy . Powered by a 110 hp Goebel Goe II 7 - cylinder rotary engine , the A . 1 had I - type inter - plane struts and a wood - framed , fabric and plywood covered fuselage , armed with twin , synchronised 7 . 92 mm LMG 08 / 15 machine guns . Development was halted following demonstration to the " Idflieg " ( " Inspektion der Fliegertruppe " ) , who judged its performance inadequate and its construction overly flimsy . See also . Nieuport 11
Ghazni Airport Ghazni Airport is a former military airfield in Ghazni , a city in the Ghazni Province in Afghanistan . It has been reduced in scope to a heliport but is now being redeveloped by constructing a dual runway and a new terminal . Facilities . The airport currently has one runway designated 15 / 33 with a length of . The Afghan government is adding two runways in the near future . New airport . A new airport is being built in the Dih Yak district . The overall project is expected to be completed in 2014 . Deputy Governor Mohammad Ali Ahmadi told Pajhwok Afghan News that " the airport ' s boundary wall was already 80 per cent complete and the remaining part would be constructed in the next few months . The wall and two runways would be built at a cost of $ 3 . 5 million . Work on the terminal would be launched later . . . The scheme was delayed due to lack of attention . "
Primus pilus The Primus pilus was the senior centurion of a Roman legion . Historical role . In the late Roman republic , the cohort ( of which there were between six and ten ) became the basic tactical unit of the legions . The cohort was composed of five to eight centuries , each led by a centurion assisted by an " optio " , a soldier who could read and write . The senior centurion of the legion and commander of the first cohort was called the " " ( first spear ) , a career soldier and advisor to the legate . While every normal cohort was composed of five to eight centuries ( normally six in secondus to decius cohorts ) , the one that was led by the " primus pilus " ( the first ) had about ten centuries , or 800 men . It also had a number of other staff , such as cooks , clerks , etc ; that is , non - combatants . Only eight officers in a fully officered legion outranked the " primus pilus " : The legate ( " lēgātus legiōnis " ) , commanding the legion ; the senior tribune ( tribunus laticlavus ) ; the Camp Prefect ( " praefectus castrorum " ) ; and the five junior tribunes ( " tribūnī angusticlāviī " ) . In contrast to a modern military organization , a centurion is analogous to a whole range of modern ranks . Ordinary century commanders would be equivalent to a modern army ' s Captains or Majors that have been commissioned from the ranks . The " primus pilus " with his senior staff role might be considered equivalent to a modern Lt Colonel ( again gaining his promotion through the ranks ) . Etymology . The literal translation of " primus pilus " is " first spear . " According to the Oxford Latin Dictionary , the word " pilus " when used in this sense would relate to the Latin word " pilum , " or " spear " in English .
Williams F112 The Williams F112 is a small turbofan engine made by Williams International designed to power cruise missile s . It has been used as the powerplant for the AGM - 129 Advanced Cruise Missile and the AGM - 86B advanced cruise missile , as well as the experimental X - 36 and X - 50 . Design and development . Although Williams originally designed these small turbofans to power target drones while aiming for a contract in the Subsonic Cruise Armed Decoy ( SCAD ) program , it quickly became apparent that these were valuable tools to be used in the future to power advanced cruise missiles . Originally designated the F107 - WR - 14A6 , then designated the F107 - WR - 103 by Williams then designated the F112 - WR - 100 by the USAF . Though the true benefits that the F112 brought to the AGM - 129 are classified , it has been said that the F112 increased the range of the AGM - 129 to four times that of the AGM - 86B . Another benefit is that the infrared heat signature has also been reduced or nearly eliminated , aiding the stealthiness of the AGM - 129 . This was accomplished with the use of high tech materials and coatings .
Castle Rising ( castle ) Castle Rising is a ruined castle situated in the village of Castle Rising in the English county of Norfolk . It was built in about 1138 by William d ' Aubigny , 1st Earl of Arundel , who also owned Arundel Castle . Much of its square keep , surrounded by a defensive mount , is intact . It is currently owned by Lord Howard of Rising , a descendant of William d ' Aubigny . History . The castle keep at Castle Rising is one of the most famous twelfth - century hall - keep s in the country , and it is likely that it is modelled on Norwich Castle . To the north of the castle is a ruined church that dates to around 1100 , and both this church and the keep appear to have been rendered and whitewashed during the early medieval period . The earthworks surrounding the castle keep are some of the largest in the country , although both the castle and the earthworks were originally half their current size . Their present appearance is the result of a major building programme of the late 12th or early 13th century . It is possible that this major rebuilding took place as a reaction to the Revolt of 1173 – 1174 and the increased military activity generated . The chief rebel in East Anglia was Hugh Bigod , 1st Earl of Norfolk a rival to William d ' Aubigny , who seized Norwich Castle during the rebellion . William returned from Normandy to meet Bigod in battle , and the upgrading of Castle Rising may be seen as a result of this . During the Anarchy the castle was the site of a mint producing pennies for King Stephen . Between 1330 and 1358 , it was the residence of the displaced former queen , Isabella of France , who died here . Visiting . The castle is in remarkably good condition despite being over 850 years old . One of the most striking features is the earthwork surrounding the moat . The built - up soil is now covered in grass for aesthetic reasons , but the grass features many delicate wild flowers and butterflies in spring or summer . There is a gravel path at the top of the built - up area , which enables the visitor to walk right round the building , getting not only a good view of the castle , but also of the village of Castle Rising and its neighbours . There is an audio tour available from the English Heritage shop . As well as pointing out features of the building , it tells the story of Queen Isabella .
Frank Newcomb Frank Hamilton Newcomb ( 10 November 1846 - 20 February 1934 ) was a Commodore in the United States Revenue Cutter Service . Commodore Newcomb was most famous for his heroic actions at the Battle of Cárdenas during the Spanish - American War . Newcomb was born in Boston , Massachusetts . Before joining the Revenue Cutter Service , he served in the Navy from 1863 to 1865 . At the time the Spanish - American War broke out , First Lieutenant Frank Newcomb was in command of the USRC " Hudson " , which then entered the war as a U . S . Navy auxiliary . " Hudson " had been retrofitted with two six - pounder s and a small machine gun , but was more of a tugboat than a combat vessel . On May 11 , 1898 , in one of the first actions off the coast of Cuba , Newcomb distinguished himself and his ship in the Battle of Cardenas . The U . S . Navy torpedo boat and the USRC " Hudson " had been shelling Spanish positions . " Winslow " had been hit multiple times . Half her complement was dead and her captain gravely wounded . Newcomb ordered " Hudson " to tow " Winslow " out of harms way . Under heavy fire , she did just that , despite nearly foundering on shoals trying to fast a line to " Hudson " . Newcomb ' s actions saved USS " Winslow " from destruction and possible capture . Three members of " Winslow " ' s crew received medals for their actions . Because of the Revenue Cutter Service ' s status at the time , President William McKinley felt that Newcomb could not be nominated for a Medal of Honor as he was a Revenue Cutter Service officer . Instead , Congress instructed that a be struck for First Lieutenant Frank H . Newcomb on May 3 , 1900 in 31 Stat . 716 ( 56th Congress ) . At the time , it was thought to be an honor equivalent to the Medal of Honor . His officers were awarded silver medals , and the crew bronze . Commodore Newcomb died in Los Angeles , California . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery with his wife , Rose Prioleau Newcomb . The United States Navy destroyer USS " Newcomb " ( DD - 586 ) was named in his honor .
Treaty of Madrid ( 1801 ) The Treaty of Madrid was signed in Madrid on 29 September 1801 between John VI of Portugal and representatives from the French Republic . Based on the terms of the accord , Portugal was obligated to maintain the tenets of the Treaty of Badajoz . However , additions were made to the Treaty of Badajoz whereby Portugal was forced to pay France an indemnity of 20 million francs . Moreover , Portugal agreed to capitulate half of Guiana to France . These additions were established and dictated by Napoleon Bonaparte after he sent his army into Portugal .
Felix Sumarokov - Elston Count Felix Nikolayevich Sumarokov - Elston ( ) ( 24 January 1820 – 30 October 1877 ) was the Ataman of the Kuban Cossacks and the Governor of Kuban Oblast ( region ) in the late 1860s . Parents . Felix ( a common name for illegitimate children ) was brought up by Elisabeth Khitrovo ( ) , a famous salon - holder who was a daughter of Prince Kutuzov and the mother of Dorothea de Ficquelmont . It has been widely rumored that Felix Elston was the natural son of Khitrovo ' s eldest daughter , Countess Ekaterina Tiesenhausen ( a lady - in - waiting to King Frederick William IV of Prussia ' s sister , Empress Alexandra of Russia ) and Prince Augustus of Prussia . It appears more likely that Felix ' s parents were Karl Alexander Anselm Freiherr von Hügel ( Regensburg , April 25 , 1795 – Brussels , June 2 , 1870 ) [ himself the son of Johann Aloys Josef Hügel , later 1st Freiherr von Hügel ( Koblenz , November 14 , 1753 – Regensburg , 1826 ) and wife Anna von Holthof , married in 1787 ] by Jozefa Gräfin Andrássy de Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka ( Košice ( Kassa ) , April 8 , 1790 – 1868 ) , a relative of Gyula Andrássy , married ( in Košice ( Kassa ) , February 7 , 1808 ) to Miklós Graf Forgách de Ghymes et Gács ( 1784 – Nagyszalánc ( Slanec ) , January 10 , 1857 ) , by whom she had three sons , all of whom died unmarried and without any issue . Recent investigations taken by one of his great - granddaughters and an English genealogist practically confirm this late ancestry , not explaining , however , the motives why he didn ' t use his father ' s name but Elston , his English nanny ' s surname . Career . Felix Elston was prominent during the Siege of Sevastopol and was promoted to Colonel in 1855 . After his marriage in 1853 with the Heiress of Counts Sumarokov , he received the title of Count Sumarokov - Elston . By Imperial Decree of September 8 , 1859 he was authorized to use the hereditary title of his father - in - law , with the condition of using his surname . From 23 August 1863 to 3 February 1869 he was an Ataman of Kuban Cossacks and from 1865 he was a governor of Kuban . During his military service Count Felix Sumarokov - Elston received numerous awards , including Order of St . Vladimir of 1st degree , Order of St . Stanislav of 1st degree , Order of St . Anna of 1st degree with crown and others . After 1868 he left military service because of poor health and lived abroad . He was a Russian representative at the wedding of Prince Milan of Serbia , in 1875 he was attached to King Oscar II of Sweden during his visitation of Russia . In 1875 he was appointed the head of the Kharkov military district . Issue . From his marriage with Countess Elena Sergeievna Sumarokova ( September 5 , 1829 – April 15 , 1901 ) ( daughter of Count Sergei Pavlovich Sumarokov ( 1791 - 1875 ) and wife Marchioness Aleksandra Pavlovna Maruzzi ( ca 1808 - 1857 ) ) he had seven children , including Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov - Elston , later prince Yusupov , who was the father of Prince Felix Yusupov .
Buffalo Volunteer Rifles The Buffalo Volunteer Rifles ( BVR ) ( formerly the Kaffrarian Rifles ) is an infantry regiment of the South African Army . As a reserve unit , it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Territorial Army or United States Army National Guard unit . It is headquartered in the city of East London . History . This unit was formed in East London in 1876 , as the " Buffalo Corps of Rifle Volunteers " , for service in the 9th Frontier War . It disbanded in 1879 . ( East London is situated on the Buffalo River , hence the name ) . The unit was re - formed in July 1883 and was named after the region of Kaffraria , the 19th - century name for the region around East London . There had previously been many other units from this region , from which the Regiment can also claim descent : Kaffrarian Volunteer Corps , Kaffrarian Mounted Rifles ( Kaffrarian Rangers ) , Buffalo Volunteer Rifles Corps , Buffalo Volunteer Engineers , Kaffrarian Volunteer Artillery Corps , Berlin Mounted Volunteers , Cape Mounted Yeomanry ( 1st Regiment ) , Frontier Mounted Riflemen ( Brabant ' s Horse ) , East London Volunteers ( Von Linsignen ' s Buffalo Corps and later Walkers Horse ) . On 1 December 1900 George Herbert Farrar was appointed as a Major in the Kaffrarian Rifles . In 1913 it was embodied in the Citizen Force as the " 5th Infantry ( Kaffrarian Rifles ) " , but regained its old name in 1932 . The unit was temporarily amalgamated with the First City Regiment , as the " First City / The Kaffrarian Rifles " from 1954 to 1956 . In order to keep pace with the changing political climate in South Africa , the regiment was renamed the " Buffalo Volunteer Rifles " in 1999 . This Regiment and its predecessors took part in all of South Africa ' s armed conflicts , including the Bechuanaland Campaign ( 1897 ) , the Second Boer War , World War I ( when it fought in the then German South - West Africa and most of its members went on to serve in East Africa and Europe ) , World War II ( when it fought in the Western Desert during 1941 - 1943 ) as well as in South Africa ' s " Border War " during 1975 to 1986 ( when it fought in South - West Africa , Angola and Zambia ) . Battle honours . The regiment claims four more battle honours , which have not been acknowledged :
Hartwell B . Compson Hartwell Thomas Benton Compson ( May 5 , 1842 – August 31 , 1905 ) was an American military officer who received the Medal of Honor for heroism in the American Civil War . Biography . Compson was born May 5 , 1842 , in Seneca Falls , New York the second of thirteen children born to Jonas and Ruth Compson . He volunteered for the 8th Regiment New York Cavalry in September 1861 . Rising rapidly through the ranks , he eventually became regimental commander . On March 2 , 1865 , he led his troops into battle at Waynesboro , Virginia . During fierce hand - to - hand combat , Major Compson personally captured the headquarters flag of Confederate general Jubal Early . For this action he would receive the Medal of Honor . In addition , Compson was breveted to colonel by General Philip Sheridan . Unlike many of the men whose bravery was not recognized for decades , Compson received his medal within a month of the battle . After mustering out in June 1865 , Compson worked as a U . S . Marshal and Postmaster and eventually moved to Oregon where he became Brigadier General of the Oregon National Guard . He died on August 31 , 1905 in Portland , Oregon where he is buried in the Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery . Following his death in 1905 , Compson faded from memory and his grave went unmarked for 100 years until Civil War amateur historians Roy Vanderhoof and Mike Stephenson , along with the considerable assistance of Congresswoman Darlene Hooley of the 5th Congressional District , obtained a proper headstone from the Federal Veterans Administration . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Major , 8th New York Cavalry . Place and date : At Waynesboro , Va . , March 2 , 1865 . Entered service at : Seneca Falls , N . Y . Birth : Seneca Falls , N . Y . Date of issue : March 26 , 1865 . Citation : Capture of flag belonging to Gen . Early ' s headquarters . Captain Christopher C . Bruton of the 22nd New York Cavalry is also credited with the capture of this flag . The flag itself was a Confederate Second National flag measuring 4 ’ x 6 ’ and was presented by Compson to the Secretary of War . The Federal government returned the flag to Virginia in 1906 . It is in the possession of The Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond .
Alexander Garden ( soldier ) Alexander Garden ( December 4 , 1757 – February 24 , 1829 ) was an American Revolutionary War soldier and writer from Charleston , South Carolina . Biography . Garden was born in Charleston , the son of the naturalist Dr . Alexander Garden and his wife , Elizabeth . He went to Westminster School in London and got his Master of Arts degree at the University of Glasgow in Scotland in 1779 . In 1780 Garden returned to America to join the Patriot cause . His father , a Loyalist who had been compelled to flee South Carolina and find refuge in London , never forgave his son . Garden joined the Continental Army and served as a cornet in Lee ' s Legion under " Light Horse Harry " Lee . In 1781 he was promoted to major and served for the remainder of the war as an aide - de - camp to General Nathanael Greene . After the war , he was granted the right to his family ' s property , which like other Loyalist property in the South had been confiscated by the state government . He married Mary Anna Gibbes ; the couple had no children , but they adopted her nephew , who took Garden ' s name and became his heir . Garden was elected to the South Carolina General Assembly in 1784 and served one term . He was an officer of the South Carolina Society of the Cincinnati . He and other members of the Society tried to end the practice of duelling in South Carolina . He wrote several valuable , though admittedly didactic , works on the Revolution . He died probably at " Goose Creek " , his family ' s estate near Charleston .
Alaska Army National Guard The Alaska Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs . Alaska Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army . The same ran ks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards . The Alaska Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Alaska . As of 2006 , the Alaska Army National Guard was composed of approximately 1850 soldiers and maintains 77 armories and other facilities , including Fort Greely . History . The Alaska Army National Guard was originally formed in 1940 - 41 . However , since the Second World War , the Alaska Army National Guard had not seen significant overseas deployments . It appears that the 207th Infantry Battalion was active in the state after the Second World War , with its distinctive unit insignia and coat of arms originally approved on 4 June 1952 . However it was rescinded ( cancelled ) on 10 May 1960 . This changed in 2004 when a company of infantry was mobilized to serve in Iraq , serving with the Hawaii Army National Guard ' s 29th brigade in 2005 . In 2005 through 2008 smaller detachments were deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan . An infantry battalion was deployed to the middle east in 2006 , and another infantry company was deployed to Iraq in 2007 . The Alaska Army National Guard ' s aviation units have seen a series of company sized rotations to Iraq , unfortunately including the loss of a helicopter and crew in January 2006 . These deployments seem small in comparison to the units that other states have deployed . However given the small size of Alaska ' s population and National Guard they represent a very large percentage of the Alaska Army National Guard . When young men are deployed there is a particular impact on smaller " Alaska Bush " villages that have a subsistence lifestyle . The 49th Missile Defense Battalion ( GMD ) is an Alaska Army National Guard unit that is permanently on active duty at Fort Greely , as part of the 100th Missile Defense Brigade ( GMD ) . The Alaska Army National Guard regularly sends soldiers to train in Mongolia as part of the State Partnership Program . In addition , the Mongolian Army deployments to Iraq were typically accompanied by Alaska Army Guard members . Now that the Mongolian Army has shifted its focus to Afghanistan , Alaska National Guard soldiers accompany them there . In 2007 the original insignia of the 207th Infantry Battalion was readopted for use by the 207th Regiment ; the insignia was reinstated and redesignated for the 207th Regiment with the description and symbolism revised on 7 April 1997 . ( TIOH ) In 2008 , the Alaska Guard began transforming the 207th Infantry Group into the modular 297th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade . It had originally been intended to become the 207th Infantry Brigade Combat Team , prior to the National Guard Rebalance Initiative . In addition the 38th Troop Command was stood up to provide command and control for miscellaneous units .