naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hansa - Brandenburg D . I The Hansa - Brandenburg D . I , also known as the KD ( " Kampf Doppeldecker " ) was a German fighter aircraft of World War I . Despite poor handling , it was built for Austria - Hungary , some aircraft serving to the end of the war . Development and design . Ernst Heinkel chief designer of the Hansa und Brandenburgische Flugzeug - Werke developed the KD in 1916 to meet the requirements of the Austro - Hungarian Air Force ( " Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen " or " K . u . K . Luftfahrtruppen " ) . It was a single seat , single engined biplane , of wooden construction , with plywood fuselage skinning and fabric wing skins . The wings featured an unusual " Star - Strutter " arrangement of interplane struts , where four Vee struts joined in the centre of the wing bay to result in a " star " arrangement . The interplane struts themselves were steel tubes . The KD had a deep fuselage , which gave a poor forward view for the pilot and tended to blanket the small rudder , giving poor lateral stability and making recovery from spins extremely difficult . Armament was a single Schwarzlose machine gun , which owing to difficulties in synchronising the Schwarzlose , was fitted in a fairing on the upper wing , firing over the propeller . Despite these handling problems , the aircraft was ordered by Austro - Hungary as the D . I . A total of 122 D . Is were built , with 50 built by Hansa - Brandenburg in Germany - powered by 110 kW ( 150 hp ) Austro - Daimler engines - while a further 72 were built under license by Phönix in Vienna , powered by 138 kW ( 185 hp ) Austro - Daimler engines . While it was intended that the D . I also be built by Ufag , none were delivered . The KD also formed the basis for the Hansa - Brandenburg KDW floatplane fighter . Operational history . The D . I entered service in Autumn 1916 . Its unusual arrangement of interplane bracing gave rise to the nickname " Spider " , while its poor handling gave rise to the less complementary nickname " the Coffin " . The D . I was the standard fighter aircraft of the " Luftfahrtruppen " until mid 1917 , being used by several Austro - Hungarian air aces such as Godwin Brumowski and Frank Linke - Crawford . Some Phönix built D . Is remained in use until the end of the war , being used briefly by the armed forces of The Republic of German Austria ( " Republik Deutschösterreich " ) , where they were used to fight Yugoslav attacks on Klagenfurt in Carinthia .
Wellington ( City of Wellington ' s Own ) and Hawke ' s Bay Regiment The Wellington ( City of Wellington ' s Own ) and Hawke ' s Bay Regiment was a Territorial Force regiment of the New Zealand Army . It was formed in 1964 during the reorganisation of the army by the amalgamation of two separate regiments : This amalgamation saw the new regiment become a TF battalion of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment . This was until the later reorganisation of 1999 , which saw the TF battalions split from the RNZIR to become multi - function battalion groups . The Wellington and Hawke ' s Bay Regiment became the 7th Wellington and Hawke ' s Bay Battalion Group , with the following unit types : In December 2012 the Regiment was amalgamated with the 5th Wellington West Coast Taranaki Battalion Group to form the 5 / 7 Battalion , Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment ( 5 / 7 RNZIR ) .
Battle of Urumqi ( 1933 – 34 ) The Second Battle of Urumqi was a conflict in the winter of 1933 – 1934 at Urumqi , between the provincial forces of Sheng Shicai and the alliance of the Chinese Muslim Gen . Ma Zhongying and Han Chinese Gen . Zhang Peiyuan . Zhang seized the road between Tacheng and the capital . Sheng Shicai commanded Manchurian troops and a unit of White Russian soldiers , led by Col . Pappengut . The Kuomintang Republic of China government had secretly incited Zhang and Ma to overthrow Sheng — even as they prepared to swear him in as governor of Xinjiang — because of his ties to the Soviet Union . Chinese Nationalist leader Gen . Chiang Kai - shek sent Luo Wen ' gan to Xinjiang , where he met with Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan and urged them to destroy Sheng . Ma and Zhang ' s Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim forces had almost defeated Sheng when he requested help from the Soviet Union . This led to the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang and Ma Zhongying ' s retreat after the Battle of Tutung . At this point Chiang Kai - shek himself was personally prepared to enter the battle , with over 150 , 000 troops and 15 million yuan ready to assist Ma in driving out Sheng Shicai . However , he was told that it would be impossible to guarantee the troops adequate food , water , fuel and other supplies , so Chiang cancelled the expedition . Sheng commented , " Chiang Kai - shek does not like my policies but he cannot do anything to me . I am too far away from his reach . "
Washington Army National Guard The Washington Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the Washington National Guard based in Washington . The history of the Washington Army National Guard dates back to 1854 with formation of the Washington Territorial Militia . The command is headquartered at Camp Murray in Pierce County , which houses the state ' s National Guard Museum , " " The Arsenal " . " It consists of 6 , 300 soldiers in two brigades and various smaller units located throughout the state .
36th Regiment Alabama Infantry The 36th Regiment Alabama Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 36th Alabama was mustered in at Mount Vernon Arsenal on May 12 , 1862 . The regiment surrendered at Meridian , Mississippi on May 4 , 1865 .
HMS E30 HMS " E30 " was a British E class submarine built by Armstrong Whitworth , Newcastle upon Tyne . She was laid down on 29 June 1914 and was commissioned in November 1915 . HMS " E30 " was mined off Orfordness , Suffolk in the North Sea on 22 December 1916 . There were no survivors .
5th Armored Brigade ( United States ) The 5th Armored Brigade is an AC / RC ( that is , an active component / reserve component ) unit based at Fort Bliss , Texas . The unit is responsible for training selected United States Army Reserve ( USAR ) & Army National Guard units west of the Mississippi River before they deploy to conduct combat operations overseas . The unit was formerly designated as 2nd Brigade , 91st Division . In 2007 , the brigade was reassigned from Fort Carson , Colorado to Fort Bliss , Texas . The brigade was redesignated and re - missioned several times : Organization . The unit is composed of :
Haubits FH77 Haubits 77 ( Swedish " Field Howitzer 77 " ) or FH77 is a Swedish 155 mm howitzer . It was developed and manufactured by Bofors . It was available in two versions , the original ( sometimes referred to as Haubits 77 A ) with a sliding block mechanism , and the later FH77 B export version with an interrupted screw breech . India is currently developing an upgraded ( 155mm / 45 calibre ) version of the FH - 77 called FH - 77 B02 . Design and development . Overview . In the 1960s Sweden started to look for a replacement for the French Haubits F ( Obusier de 155 mm Modèle 50 ) . The American M109 howitzer was offered and tested . Though the price was low the Swedish Arms Administration found the high maintenance costs , the low rate of fire and the not so good mobility of the M109 made it worth the effort to develop a domestic howitzer . The requirements for a new gun would be : The result was a compromise between a more expensive self - propelled howitzer and a less mobile conventional towed howitzer . The FH77 was the first field howitzer featuring an APU to make it self - propelled for tactical movement . The rate of fire was , at the time , exceptionally high for a 155 mm howitzer . The FH77A ( which uses semi - fixed ammunition ) could fire 3 rounds in 8 seconds , or 6 rounds in 25 seconds . In a sustained firing role it could fire 6 rounds every two minutes for 20 minutes ( i . e . 3 rounds per minute ) . The FH77B uses bagged charges and so has a lower rate of fire . Driving & Deploying . The dedicated towing vehicle for the FH77 was the Scania SBA111 ( Tgb 40 ) . The truck was equipped with a crew compartment behind the driving cab and a HIAB - crane for ammunition handling . The Howitzer ' s APU can be started and controlled by the driver of the towing vehicle to give an extra boost during off road driving . The maximum towing speed is 70 km / h ( 45 mph ) . The FH77 is maneuvered by controlling the torque of the two main wheels . Speed is regulated by changing the RPM of the APU . The howitzer is deployed by spreading the trail legs , raising the castor wheels and driving the howitzer in reverse . APU . The FH77 is powered by a Volvo B20 Auxiliary power unit ( APU ) . The engine is connected to three hydraulic pumps , of which two pumps are linked to the wheels and one is used for a traverse , elevation , ramming and ammunition crane . Crew . The crew consists of 10 - 14 men . The minimum crew setup would be 4 men ; commander , layer , loader 1 and loader 2 Ammunition . The FH77A uses the m / 77 ( 42 kg ) 155mm HE shell combined with a plastic casing , containing 6 increments . The FH77A could also use base bleed ammunition developed for the FH77B .
Battle of Renty The Battle of Renty was fought on 12 August 1554 , between France and the Holy Roman Empire at Renty , a northern French secondary theatre of the Italian Wars . The French were led by Francis , Duke of Guise , while the Imperial forces were led by Emperor Charles V of Habsburg . On 8 August , the French appeared at Renty . The Spanish cavalry charged the French infantry forcing a retreat , while their infantry were in the Bois Guillaume . The French infantry were rallied by Gaspar de Saulx - Tavannes who charged , while the Spanish infantry were pushed out of the woods by Gaspard de Coligny , and routed by Francis , Duke of Guise . Aftermath . Duke Francis had already forced the emperor to abandon the siege of Metz in 1552 . King Henry II of France had occupied the city according to the terms of the Treaty of Chambord he had signed with several Protestant Imperial princes . The French repelled Charles ' 1554 invasion , the emperor abdicated two years later and King Henry II ultimately retained the Three Bishoprics of Metz , Toul and Verdun .
Turkic , Caucasian , Cossack , and Crimean collaborationism with the Axis powers German commanders of Central Asian , Caucasian and Cossack units . These German commanders also received honorary military or leading titles between their units at charge ; for example Helmuth von Pannwitz received the title of " Ataman " from his Cossack units .
Ordinance of Secession The Ordinance of Secession was the document drafted and ratified in 1860 and 1861 by each of the states formally seceding from the United States of America . Each state ratified its own ordinance of secession , typically by means of a special convention delegation or by a general referendum . During the Civil War , the states of Missouri and Kentucky had competing confederate and unionist governments claiming authority over their states . Missouri ' s ordinance was approved by a legislative session called by Claiborne Fox Jackson , the pro - confederate governor ( see Missouri secession ) . Kentucky ' s was approved by a convention of 200 people representing 65 counties of the state , but without support from the unionist state government . The Confederacy officially seated both of these states in 1862 , though they were contested throughout the war . Virginia ' s ordinance was approved by a referendum but rejected by 26 counties in the north and west of the state ( " see " Wheeling Convention ) , leading to the creation of West Virginia . Georgia , Mississippi , South Carolina , and Texas also issued separate declarations of causes , in which they explained their reasons for secession .
Andrew R . Morgan Andrew Richard Morgan is a NASA astronaut from the class of 2013 . Andrew Morgan is a Major in the U . S . Army from New Castle , Pennsylvania . Morgan is a graduate of the U . S . Military Academy at West Point , and earned a doctorate in medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , Maryland . He has experience as an emergency physician and flight surgeon for the Army special operations community , and currently is completing a sports medicine fellowship .
Lovick Friend Major General Sir Lovick Bransby Friend KBE , CB , PC ( 25 April 1856 — 19 November 1944 ) was a British Army major general and cricketer . Early life . Friend was born at Halfway Street ( Sidcup ) , Kent , and educated at Cheltenham College and the Royal Military Academy Woolwich . Military career . Friend was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1873 . He was a right - handed batsman and occasional wicket - keeper who played for both Kent County Cricket Club and the Marylebone Cricket Club : he also played football and played in goal for the Royal Engineers in the 1878 FA Cup Final . In 1883 he became an Instructor at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and in 1885 he was made Secretary of the Royal Engineers Experimental Committee . He fought at the Battle of Omdurman in Sudan 1898 and was then the Director of Works and Stores for the Egyptian Army from 1900 . He was appointed Assistant Director of Fortification Works in 1906 and Commander of Scottish Coast Defences in 1908 . He was appointed Major - General in charge of Administration at Irish Command in 1912 and Commander - in - Chief , Ireland in 1914 : he was replaced following the Easter Rising in 1916 . From 1916 until retirement in 1920 he was President of the Claims Commission British Armies in France . He died on 19 November 1944 .
1st Intelligence Battalion 1st Intelligence Battalion ( 1st Intel ) is a United States Marine Corps military intelligence and counter intelligence unit based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton . They provide the I Marine Expeditionary Force with intelligence products and analysis . Mission . Responsible for planning , directing , collecting , processing , producing and disseminating intelligence , and providing counterintelligence support to the Marine Expeditionary Force ( MEF ) , MEF Major Subordinate Commands , subordinate Marine Air Ground Task Forces ( MAGTF ) , and other commands as directed . Headquarters U . S . Marine Corps , Intelligence Operations , MCWP 2 - 1 ( Washington , DC : Headquarters U . S . Marine Corps , 19 February 1998 ) , pg 4 - 6 , http : / / www . marines . mil / news / publications / Documents / MCWP % 202 - 1 % 20Intelligence % 20Operations . pdf Unit awards . A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited . Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation . 1st Intelligence Battalion has been presented with the following awards :
Heinrich Schmelzer Heinrich Schmelzer ( 14 March 1914 – 4 April 1985 ) was a Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) in the Waffen SS who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . He joined the SS - Pioniersturmbann in June , 1935 and in September 1939 was a section commander in the 3rd Company . Later as an SS - Oberscharführer ( Technical Sergeant ) he was the half platoon leader in the same 3rd Company , during April 1941 . He moved to the Motorcycle Battalion as engineer reconnaissance platoon leader between May and August 1941 . In December 1943 he was given command of the mixed Pionier Company of the Kampfgruppe " Das Reich " which he led until the forming of the 4th Heavy Company which he commanded until it was dissolved in August 1944 . At that time he became the 2nd Company Commander until Christmas 1944 , then moved to the 3rd Company which he commanded until the end of the war . Schmelzer won the Oakleaves for his actions as sector commander of the " Das Reich " battlegroup near Cielle and Laroche , France on 7 January .
Eustace Grenier Eustace Garnier ( also Grenier , Granarius , Grenarius ) ( died June 15 , 1123 ) was an important crusade r lord , and Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . He was from Beaurain - Château , in Thérouanne in northern France ( at the time in the County of Flanders ) ; he has accompanied Hugues II of St . Pol on the First Crusade , in the retinue of Godfrey of Bouillon . While probably only a minor presence during the crusade itself , he participated in the Battle of Ramlah in 1105 , and in 1109 he assisted in the siege of Tripoli . There he was one of the envoys sent by Baldwin I of Jerusalem to negotiate between William - Jordan and Bertrand of Toulouse , who disputed the claim to Tripoli . On December 19 , 1111 he was granted the city of Sidon , after it was captured by Baldwin I with the help of Sigurd I of Norway . He was already lord of Caesarea , which had been captured in 1101 and given to him at an unknown date . Soon after this he married Emelota or Emma , the niece of Patriarch Arnulf of Chocques , and was also granted Jericho and its revenue , which was formerly church property . He also took part in the sieges of Shaizar , which was not captured , and Tyre ( Lebanon ) , which was . At the siege of Tyre he supervised the construction of the siege engine s . In 1120 he was present at the Council of Nablus , convened by Baldwin II , where the laws of the kingdom were first written down . When Baldwin II was captured in 1123 by the Ortoqids , Eustace was elected constable of Jerusalem and regent of the kingdom . As regent Eustace defeated an Egypt ian invasion at the Battle of Yibneh on May 29 , 1123 . Eustace died soon after on June 15 , 1123 , and was replaced as Constable and Regent by William I of Bures . He was buried in Jerusalem at the Abbey of St . Maria Latina . With Emelota he was the father of Eustace II and Walter , who succeeded him in Sidon and Caesarea respectively and were important nobles in their own right . His widow Emelota later married Hugh II of Le Puiset . According to Fulcher of Chartres he was " a stout man of honest character , " and " a wise and prudent man , with great experience in military matters " according to William of Tyre .
Aermacchi MB - 338 The Aermacchi MB - 338 was a design for a military jet trainer aircraft in the early 1970s to replace the MB - 326 in Italian Air Force service . The design was eventually developed into the MB - 339 . See also . Related development : Aermacchi MB - 326
JDS Ōsumi ( LST - 4001 ) Ōsumi is an " Ōsumi " class LST of the Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force ( JMSDF ) . The ship was built by Mitsui , Tamano and commissioned into service on 11 March 1998 . Service . This ship delivered supplies to the disaster area after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami .
Flores - class gunboat The " Flores " - class gunboats were a class of two gunboats built in the mid - 1920s for the Royal Netherlands Navy . and were intended to patrol the Dutch East Indies . During World War II , they served in the Royal Netherlands Navy . They were in several ways the most successful surface ships of the Dutch navy during the war . They were squat ships , both commissioned in 1926 , with a relatively heavy armament for their size ( three 5 . 9 inch ( 150 mm ) Krupp guns , the same type and calibre as for the cruisers " Java " and " Sumatra " ) . Their main asset was an advanced fire control system that made them very accurate in bombarding shore targets , as a similar gunboat , " Johan Maurits van Nassau " , demonstrated in 1940 when she silenced a German battery from a distance of well over 10 miles . Service history . " Flores " was brought back to the Netherlands at the start of World War II where she patrolled home waters until the Germans invaded in 1940 . Slightly damaged , she escaped to Britain and was employed as a coastal escort . " Soemba " was withdrawn to Colombo in March 1942 , before she could be captured or destroyed by the Japanese invasion of the East Indies . " Flores " and " Soemba " were united in the Mediterranean Sea and played an active and successful role in the landings in Sicily , Salerno , Anzio , Garigliano , Gaeta and finally , at the beaches of Normandy in June 1944 . The ships came under fire from shore based artillery and bombers many times , but survived all attacks , although they incurred damage several times . British war correspondents referred to them as " the terrible twins " . With their guns worn out due to intensive use , the two ships were retired from active duty shortly after the war and used for artillery instruction and as floating barracks . On November 10 , 1948 , " Flores " and " Soemba " were awarded the " Koninklijke Vermelding bij Dagorder " " Flores " was decommissioned in 1968 and " Soemba " in 1986 .
2nd Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry The 2nd Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 2nd Kansas Cavalry was organized at Kansas City , Kansas beginning on November 8 , 1861 but its designation was changed to 9th Kansas Infantry on February 4 , 1862 . It was changed again on March 5 , 1862 to 2nd Kansas Cavalry . It was mustered in under the command of Colonel Alson C . Davis . The regiment was attached to Department of Kansas November 1861 to August 1862 . 2nd Brigade , Department of Kansas , to October 1862 . 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , Army of the Frontier , Department of Missouri , to February 1863 . District of Southwest Missouri , Department of Missouri , to December 1863 . 2nd Brigade , District of the Frontier , to January 1864 . 2nd Brigade , District of the Frontier , VII Corps , Department of Arkansas , to March 1864 . 1st Brigade , District of the Frontier , VII Corps , to April 1864 . 3rd Brigade , District of the Frontier , VII Corps , to January 1865 . 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , VII Corps , to February 1865 . Unattached , VII Corps , to August 1865 . On May 22 , 1862 , an order was received from District Headquarters for the 2nd Kansas Cavalry to provide a 150 - man detail to man a battery of six 10 - pdr Parrott rifle s at Fort Leavenworth . This battery became known as Hopkins ' Battery and remained in service until August 1 , 1862 . Some officers were ordered to return to the regiment , while the remaining men were mounted and ordered to reinforce Major General Don Carlos Buell in northern Alabama . This detachment ultimately participated in the Kentucky Campaign , saw minor action at the Battle of Perryville and captured a rebel flag and 24 prisoners at Lancaster , Kentucky in a skirmish there . These men returned to the regiment by January 1 , 1863 . The 2nd Kansas Cavalry mustered out of service on August 17 , 1865 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 181 men during service ; 2 officers and 62 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 1 officer and 116 enlisted men died of disease .