naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
935th Tactical Airlift Group The 935th Tactical Airlift Group is an inactive United States Air Force Reserve unit . It was last active with the 442d Tactical Airlift Wing , based at Richards - Gebaur Air Force Base , Missouri . It was inactivated on 1 November 1974 History . Following the mobilizations in 1961 and 1962 for the Berlin Crisis and the Cuban Missile Crisis , Continental Air Command ( ConAC ) realized that it was unwieldy to mobilize an entire wing unless absolutely necessary . Their original Table of Organization for each Wing was a wing headquarters , a troop carrier group , an Air Base Group , a maintenance and supply group , and a medical group . In 1957 , the troop carrier group and maintenance and supply groups were inactivated , with their squadrons reassigned directly to the wing headquarters - despite the fact that many wings had squadrons spread out over several bases due to the Detached Squadron Concept dispersing Reserve units over centers of population . To resolve this , in late 1962 and early 1963 , ConAC reorganized the structure of its reserve Troop Carrier Wings by establishing fully deployable Troop Carrier Groups and inserting them into the chain of command between the Wing and its squadrons at every base that held a ConAC troop carrier squadron . At each base , the group was composed of a material squadron , a troop carrier squadron , a tactical hospital or dispensary , and a combat support squadron . Each troop carrier wing consisted of 3 or 4 of these groups . By doing so , ConAC could facilitate the mobilization of either aircraft and aircrews alone , aircraft and minimum support personnel ( one troop carrier group ) , or the entire troop carrier wing . This also gave ConAC the flexibility to expand each Wing by attaching additional squadrons , if necessary from other Reserve wings to the deployable groups for deployments . As a result , the 935th Troop Carrier Group was established with a mission to organize , recruit and train Air Force Reserve personnel in the tactical airlift of airborne forces , their equipment and supplies and delivery of these forces and materials by airdrop , landing or cargo extraction systems . The group was equipped with C - 124 Globemaster II s for Tactical Air Command airlift operations . The group was one of three C - 124 groups assigned to the 442d TCW in 1963 , the others being the 936th Troop Carrier Group , also at Richards - Gebaur AFB , Missouri , and the 937th Troop Carrier Group , at Tinker AFB , Oklahoma . The group flew overseas missions , particularly to the Far East and Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War . In 1971 , the group began phasing out the C - 124 and by 1972 , had fully transitioned to the C - 130 Hercules . Inactivated in 1974 as part of the post - Vietnam War drawdown , its squadron being assigned directly to the 442d TCW .
Michael Scott ( British Army officer ) Major - General Michael Ian Eldon Scott CB CBE DSO ( born 1941 ) is a British Army officer who went on to be Military Secretary . Military career . Educated at Bradfield College and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , Scott was commissioned into the Scots Guards in 1960 . He served in East Africa , Northern Ireland and Germany . In 1965 he was made an equerry to the Duke of Gloucester . Then , in 1966 , he became Adjutant of the 2nd Bn Scots Guards before being appointed Aide - de - Camp to Earl Cathcart in 1968 . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 2nd Battalion Scots Guards in 1981 and led the assault at the Battle of Mount Tumbledown during the Falklands War , being awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his role in that action . In 1983 he joined the Directing Staff at the Staff College , Camberley and in 1984 he became Commander of 8th Infantry Brigade in Northern Ireland . In 1988 he became Deputy Military Secretary . In 1993 he was made General Officer Commanding Scotland and was Governor of Edinburgh Castle and in 1995 he became Military Secretary . In retirement he became the first Lay Complaints Commissioner of the General Council of the Bar . References .
Ōseki Masunori Viscount was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period who served as daimyo of the Kurohane Domain ( Shimotsuke Province ) . Succeeded to family headship in 1868 , amidst the turmoil of the Boshin War . His domain was involved in the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle . After a brief period in the 1870s when he studied in the United States , Masunori returned to Japan , and was made a viscount ( " shishaku " 子爵 ) . He was a recipient of the Order of the Sacred Treasures .
62nd Reserve Artillery Regiment ( Ireland ) The 62 Reserve Artillery Regiment was a combat support unit of then 2 Eastern Reserve Brigade of the Irish Reserve Defence Forces . The Regiment maintains field gun batteries in the Defence Forces Training Center in the Curragh , Co . Kildare and at McKee Barracks in Dublin City , and draws its members from all walks of life in Kildare , Offaly and North Dublin areas . The members are volunteer reservists with no specific criteria essential to enlist apart from a basic medical examination . 62 Regiment was formed by the amalgamation of 6 and 7 Field Artillery Regiments following the re - organisation of the Reserve Defence Forces in 2005 . Organisation . 62 Regiment comprises a Regimental Headquarters , Headquarters battery and 3 Field Gun Batteries . The Army Reserve from 2005 - 2013 comprised three brigades , organised along the standard infantry brigade model , plus the Reserve Defence Forces Training Authority . The brigades mirrored the organisation of the Permanent Defence Force and each unit within the Reserve Brigades had an affiliated Permanent Defence Force unit with which it has a direct working and support relationship . Brigade Units , such as 62 Reserve Artillery Regiment , were affiliated with similar units in the relevant Brigade of the Permanent Defence Force . Artillery Weapons . 105mm Light Gun , 120mm RUAG Heavy Mortar . The 25 - pounder was formerly used , with the last shoot within the regiment occurring on Wednesday , July 22 , 2009 . 2 Eastern Reserve Brigade . 2 Eastern Reserve Brigade was affiliated with the 2 Eastern Brigade of the Permanent Defence Force . In this capacity it could have been called upon to provide support to the 2 Eastern Brigade in the security and administrative roles in the counties of Dublin , Kildare , Louth , Monaghan , Meath and Wicklow , although this never happened during its existence .
No . 1451 Flight RAF No . 1451 ( Fighter ) Flight was formed at RAF Hunsdon , Hertfordshire on 22 May 1941 , equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft . On operations they co - operated at first with Hawker Hurricane s of No . 1422 Flight RAF and later with Hurricanes of 3 Squadron . The flight was replaced with 530 Squadron on 8 September 1942 ( not on 2 September due to administrative reasons ) but officially disbanded as late as 25 January 1943 . 530 Sqn , which had taken over men and machines , carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943 , when Turbinlite squadrons were , due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar , thought to be superfluous .
USS Yuma ( 1865 ) USS " Yuma " , a single - turreted , twin - screw monitor , was laid down at Cincinnati , OH , by Alexander Swift and Co . and launched on 30 May 1865 . A " Casco " - class , light - draft monitor , she was intended for service in the shallow bays , rivers , and inlets of the Confederacy . These warships sacrificed armor plate for a shallow draft and were fitted with a ballast compartment designed to lower them in the water during battle . Design revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City , Ericsson and Simers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by to make them seaworthy . Fate . Alterations were accordingly carried out on the vessel during the spring of 1866 to remedy the shortcoming in design , but the ship never saw active service . Laid up from 1866 to 1874 , " Yuma " was twice renamed during this time period : first , to Tempest on 15 June 1869 and , second , back to " Yuma " on 10 August 1869 . The monitor was subsequently sold at auction to Theodore Allen , at New Orleans , LA , on 12 September 1874 .
Dragoon guards Dragoon Guards was the designation used to refer to certain heavy cavalry regiment s in the British Army from the 18th century onwards . While the Prussian and Russian armies of the same period included dragoon regiments amongst their respective Imperial Guards , different titles were applied to these units . The British Army first used the designation in 1746 , when the King ' s Own Regiment of Horse , the Queen ' s Own Royal Regiment of Horse ( prior to 1727 the Princess of Wales ' s Own ) and the 4th Horse were redesignated as the 1st , 2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards respectively . In 1788 the four remaining regiments of Horse were converted into the 4th to 7th Dragoon Guards . The exercise of converting from " Horse " ( heavy cavalry ) to " Dragoon " ( formerly mounted infantry ) was intended to save money — Dragoons were paid less than Horse — and the change was very unpopular amongst the regiments affected . To compensate for the loss of pay and prestige , the impressive title of " Dragoon Guards " was adopted . The Dragoon Guards remained as cavalry of the line and did not become Household troops in any sense . The Regiments of Horse that were converted to Dragoon Guards took precedence over all other cavalry regiments of the Line , which were at the time exclusively dragoons . As the senior regiments , they could not take numbers sequential with those of the existing dragoon regiments , so they needed a new title and numbering system . Hence they were termed Dragoon Guards , the guards appellation giving them higher status , and allowing them to be numbered in their own sequence . British Dragoon Guards Regiments . The Dragoon Guards regiments were converted to armoured car s and tank s during the 1930s . There are still three Dragoon Guards regiments in the British Army :
Teofil Pożyczka Teofil Pożyczka ( 1912 - c . 1974 ) was a Polish pilot during World War II . He served as technical officer in the Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze ( Central Aerial Works ) in the Polish September Campaign of 1939 . Biography . Pożyczka was a graduate of the second promotion of the Szkoła Podchorążych Lotnictwa ( technical group ) , and was nominated Lieutenant in the corps of aviation officers : engineering group , 1 October 1937 , lok . 13 . Born on 27 April 1912 in Radom , he was unmarried before the war , but had a fiancée . He finished primary education in 1924 , and Lyceum in 1933 in the mathematical - natural direction . Additionally , he attended the City Industrial School named after Jan Kiliński ( Miejska Szkoła Przemysłowa im . Kilińskiego ) in Radom in the mechanical direction ( 1927 ) . He worked as a rifle assembly technician from 1 August 1927 to 1 September 1929 in the public weapon factory in Radom . In 1936 he finished the School of Officer Cadets in Warsaw — engineering group . His last war ranks were a major and a British W / Cdr . He was a pilot and technical officer , and flew in total around 900 hours , in majority on two and multi - motor aircraft . From 1 April 1944 to 1 February 1945 he was Commander of the No . 300 " Land of Masovia " Bomber Squadron , and from 6 May 1945 to 18 December 1946 he was Commander of the No . 301 Polish Bomber Squadron — 1586 squadron For Special Tasks . After the war . After the war he remained in Great Britain , where he ran his own shop . He died as a result of disease at age 62 in the Ipswich hospital in Suffolk , and was also buried there .
Siege of Montpellier The Siege of Montpellier was a siege of the Huguenot city of Montpellier by the Catholic forces of Louis XIII of France , from August to October 1622 . It was part of the Huguenot rebellions . Background . Louis XIII stationed his troops around Montpellier in July 1622 . A treaty was agreed upon between Henri , Duke of Rohan , and Louis XIII , through his officer , Marshal Lesdiguières ; it was signed by Rohan on 22 August 1622 . The inhabitants of Montpellier , however , refused to open their gate to royal troops , fearing depredation by Henri , Prince of Condé and demanded humiliating conditions if the King wished to enter the city . Siege . Outraged , Louis XIII revoked Lesdiguières ' command , and ordered his troops to set up a siege of the city . The besieging army was placed unter the command of Condé . Etienne d ' Americ led the defense of Montpellier in an energetic manner . Operations proved to be difficult for the troops of Louis XIII . Royal troops captured the bastion of Saint - Denis on September 2 , which had a commanding position over the city , but the stronghold was recaptured by the Huguenots the following day , leaving 200 dead in the royal army . On September 2 also , 400 Huguenots under Galonges , the Commander of the Montpellier garrison , made a sortie and defeated 1000 royal troops . On October 2 , the Huguenots were able to repel three assaults by royal troops numbering 5 , 000 . The assault left from 300 to 400 dead in the royal camps , and many more wounded . At the same time , the royal army was plagued with sickness and was running short of supplies . Aftermath . Finally , Louis XIII authorized negotiations to be resumed , asking Lesdiguières to lead the army once more , and to secretly negotiate at the same time . On October 8 , Rohan arrived in front of Montpellier with a relief army 4 , 000 veterans . He might have fought victoriously , but he desired to negotiate , as he was running short of international support . The inhabitants agreed to make amends , and the King granted his pardon , leading to the signature of the Treaty of Montpellier on 19 October , in which the King fully confirmed the observation of the Edict of Nantes , but the Huguenots agreed to the dismantlement of the fortifications of Montpellier , Nîmes and Uzès . Louis XIII finally entered Montpellier on 20 October 1622 , bareheaded and unarmed . Royal troops entered the city , effectively occupied it , and started to dismantle its fortifications . The Citadel of Montpellier was built soon after by Louis XIII in order to better control the city .
Robert Daniel Johnston Robert Daniel Johnston ( March 19 , 1837 – February 1 , 1919 ) was a brigadier general for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . Early life . Johnston was born in Mt . Welcome , Lincoln County , North Carolina , to Dr . William and Nancy Forney Johnston . He was first cousin to future Confederate generals William H . Forney and John Horace Forney . Before the war , Johnston practiced law . Civil War . Johnston joined the Confederate States Army where he was appointed captain and given command of Company K , 23rd North Carolina Infantry on July 15 , 1861 . On April 16 , 1862 , he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment and on May 5 saw his first action at the Battle of Williamsburg , on the Peninsula . He succeeded to the command of the regiment following the Battle of Seven Pines , where he had been wounded . He returned to duty in time to participate in the Maryland Campaign and fought at the Battle of South Mountain and the Battle of Antietam . At Chancellorsville , Johnston was given command of the 12th North Carolina Infantry , after that unit had lost all of its field officers . He returned to the 23rd for the Gettysburg Campaign and was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg . He was promoted to brigadier general on September 1 , 1863 , and was given command to the brigade that Brig . Gen . Alfred Iverson , Jr . , had commanded at Gettysburg . He commanded the brigade through the Overland Campaign in the spring of 1864 until he suffered his third wound at Spotsylvania . He returned to the brigade in August during Lt . Gen . Jubal A . Early ' s Shenandoah Valley Campaign . In that campaign he saw action at the Third Battle of Winchester , the Battle of Fisher ' s Hill , and the Battle of Cedar Creek . Along with the rest of Early ' s army , he returned to the Petersburg trenches to rejoin Gen . Robert E . Lee ' s Army of Northern Virginia . During his time at Petersburg , Johnston briefly commanded the division and served on detached duty attempting to catch deserters . Postbellum career . Following the war Johnston resumed his law practice in North Carolina and eventually became a banker in Alabama . Johnston married Elizaebth Johnston " Johnsie " Evans and they had nine children . He was the father of Medal of Honor recipient Gordon Johnston .
Senieji Trakai Castle Senieji Trakai Castle was a castle in Senieji Trakai ( literally : " Old " Trakai ) , Lithuania . The first enclosure - type brick castle was built by Grand Duke Gediminas , who transferred the capital of Lithuania from Kernavė to Trakai ( today ' s " Senieji Trakai " ) before 1321 . The wedding of Grand Duke Kęstutis and Birutė was held there and it was the birthplace of the Grand Duke Vytautas in 1350 . The castle in Senieji Trakai was destroyed by the Teutonic Order in 1391 , subsequently abandoned and never rebuilt as a new castle had been erected in Trakai by Kęstutis . The ruins of the castle were granted to Benedictian monks by Vytautas in 1405 . It is presumed that the present monastery building , dating from the 15th century , holds the remains of Gediminas ' castle . Archaeological research on the hillfort mound was carried out in 1996 – 1997 . The findings confirmed the existence of a former rectangular masonry castle wall , which had surrounded the hill . It is supposed that the residential buildings had occupied the area near the church and the churchyard .
Siege of Hulst The Siege of Hulst ( 1645 ) was the last major siege of the Eighty Years ' War . The heavily fortified town of Hulst was conquered by Dutch troops commanded by Frederick Henry after only 28 days . The Spanish were informed of the siege only two days before it started . The Spanish army compromised 2 , 500 infantrymen and 250 cavalry . The Dutch attacked with a force of 12 , 500 infantry , 2 , 500 cavalry and 20 pieces of artillery . The battle . The battle was split in two stages . First Stage : Frederick commanded 4 , 500 infantry and 5 pieces of artillery to attack the east side of the city . When the Dutch forces reached the Eastern side of the city , they met a small Spanish force of 1 , 500 men . The Dutch started with several cannon shots which killed already 100 men . The Spanish where quickly approached by the Dutch forces . In 10 days , the Spanish lost 1 , 000 men and the Dutch lost 400 men . The Dutch now controlled the east side of the city . Second stage : After Frederick heard about the success in the eastern Hulst he sent 1 , 000 cavalry reinforcements . He then attacked the center of the city . ( The Spanish commander ordered the cavalry to rush toward Frederick himself . However , the cavalry was ambushed and nearly annihilated . ) After 18 days of artillery fire , the Spanish commander finally surrendered . Aftermath . The Dutch captured Hulst with minimum losses : 1 , 500 infantry and 100 cavalry . The Spanish losses were : 2 , 000 infantry and 225 cavalry .
XM800 Armored Reconnaissance Scout Vehicle The XM800 Armored Reconnaissance Scout Vehicle , or ARSV , was an experimental scout vehicle developed by the US Army in the 1970s . It was part of a series of armored vehicles being designed by the Army to replace their existing armored personnel carrier s , the M113 and M114 , with vehicles with greatly improved fighting capabilities . While the MICV - 65 program focused on troop carriers , a separate requirement for a scout vehicle led to the XM800 . None of the vehicles from the MICV - 65 project entered production , although they provided valuable experience that was used in the M2 Bradley . Two different vehicle designs were designed for the XM800 project , Lockheed ' s XM800W unconventional articulated 6 × 6 wheeled armored car and FMC ' s XM800T tracked version . Both models initially featured the same turret with the US - built version of the Hispano - Suiza HS . 820 20 mm autocannon , the M139 , as the primary weapon , as well as a M60 - derived machine gun on a pintle mount . The M139 had been selected for all of the MICV projects . The XM800W was later equipped with a new turret design that kept the M139 cannon , but that had an upper cover that flipped forward to form a gun shield , or rearward to close up .
SAM - N - 2 Lark The Lark project was a high - priority , solid - fuel boosted , liquid - fueled rocket surface - to - air missile developed by the United States Navy to meet the kamikaze threat . After " Lark " configuration was established by the Bureau of Aeronautics in January 1945 Fairchild Aircraft was given a contract to produce 100 missiles in March 1945 . Fairchild used radio command guidance with a semi - active radar homing AN / DPN - 7 . A backup contract for another 100 missiles was given to Convair in June 1945 . Convair used beam riding guidance with AN / APN - 23 active radar homing . Neither version was successful . Six of the Convair airframes were given to Raytheon to explore use of velocity - gated continuous wave doppler radar for guided missile target seekers , while most other United States investigators used range - gated pulse radar . One of these Raytheon guidance systems in a Convair airframe scored the first successful United States surface - to - air missile interception of a flying target in January 1950 . Early guided missile development . The " Lark " never proceeded past the prototype stage . Further " Lark " development was halted by the Bureau of Ordnance in late 1950 in favor of the RIM - 2 Terrier being developed by Operation Bumblebee . A subsonic missile was of doubtful use against anticipated supersonic targets ; but three successful " Lark " interceptions by the Raytheon guidance system generated interest within the Army and Air Force . Modified " Larks " were used for guidance system development testing by all three services through the early 1950s . The Bureau of Aeronautics " Sparrow " program began in 1950 using the " Lark " target seeker in air - to - air missile s . The Army used " Lark " components investigating guidance options for the MGM - 18 Lacrosse surface - to - surface missile . Changing roles during a period of changing nomenclature created a confusing number of designations for " Lark " . Fairchild production was identified as KAQ , SAM - N - 2 , and CTV - N - 9 . Convair production was identified as KAY , SAM - N - 4 , and CTV - N - 10 . Army test versions were designated RV - A - 22 .