naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Beane Air Force Base Beane Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base located near Vieux Fort , Saint Lucia , in the Caribbean . The base was likely to be named for James Beane , a US Army Air Force World War I flying ace . History . Beane Field after the war it was called BEANE ARMY BASE was used as a military airfield by the United States Army Air Forces Sixth Air Force and used in World War II . Beane Field was activated in early 1941 with a mission to defend Saint Lucia against an enemy attack . The 5th Bombardment Squadron ( 9th Bombardment Group ) and 59th Bombardment Squadron ( 25th Bombardment Group ) operated B - 18 Bolo bombers from the airfield from 28 Sept 1941 - 24 Mar 1944 flying antisubmarine patrols . With the end of World War II Beane Airfield was reduced in scope to a skeleton staff . Its primary mission was with the Military Air Transport Service , acting as a weather reporting station and as a military airfield for transport aircraft although the airfield ' s control tower was closed on 14 January 1946 for a brief period , being reopened on 23 July 1946 . Its primarily unit was the MATS 6th Weather Squadron ( Regional ) , with overall command of the base being that of the 24th Composite Wing Headquartered at Borinquen AFB , Puerto Rico . The facility was renamed Beane Air Force Base in 1948 , it was closed as a result of budgetary cutbacks on 28 May 1949 with right of re - entry retained by the United States . Agreements were subsequently reached with the United Kingdom and , later , the St . Lucia government upon independence . The former USAF base was then refurbished and converted into Hewanorra International Airport . There is a disused northeast / southwest runway north of the main east - west runway that was part of the military airfield . It is in poor condition , along with a few dispersals .
Alexander Samoylov Count Alexander Nikolayevich Samoylov ( ) ( 1744 – 1 November 1814 ) was a Russia n general and statesman . Alexander Samoylov was born into the family of senator Nikolay Samoylov . He started his military service in 1760 as a soldier of Leib - Guard Semyonovsky Regiment . Later he was moved to the front - line forces and took part in the Russo - Turkish War , 1768 – 1774 and , for his part in the taking of Silistra , received the Order of St . George of 4th degree . The rise to power of his relative , Prince Potemkin , led to a comital title being bestowed upon Samoilov in 1775 . After that , he obtained quick promotion : in 1775 he was appointed a member of commission for the trial of Yemelyan Pugachev . Also he was promoted to " kamer - yunker " ( cadet ) and became the chairman of the Council , which existed in the reign of Catherine II in 1776 – 1787 . In 1783 he commanded the Crimean Chasseur Corps and was prominent in the campaign that led to the Russian annexation of the Crimean Khanate . During the Russo - Turkish War , 1787 – 1792 he fought as General - Poruchik , commanding five infantry regiments , two corps of chasseurs , seven Cossack regiments and forty cannons . In 1788 he distinguished himself in the taking of Ochakov and was awarded the Order of St . George of 2nd degree . In 1789 he took part in the taking of Bendery and Kaushan , serving under his relative , Prince Potemkin . For this campaign he received the Order of Alexander Nevsky . On 12 December 1790 , he commanded the left wing of the army of Alexander Suvorov in the storm of Izmail , winning the Order of St . Vladimir of 1st degree . For his efforts in bringing about the peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire , Catherine II personally decorated him with the Order of St . Andrew . On 17 September 1792 , he was appointed General - Prosecutor of the Senate instead of seriously ill Prince Alexander Vyazemsky . Upon his accession to the throne , Emperor Paul I dismissed Samoylov . Alexander Samoilov married Princess Troubetzkoy and had one son , Nicholas , who did not leave issue from his marriage to the last Countess Skavronsky , Yulia . General Raevsky was his nephew .
78th Fraser Highlanders The 78th Regiment , ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot otherwise known as the 78th Fraser Highlanders was a British infantry regiment of the line raised in Scotland in 1757 , to fight in the Seven Years ' War ( also known in the USA as the French and Indian War ) . History . The regiment was formed as the " 2nd Highland Battalion " having its roots in a Highland company of 1745 . With the buildup of 2nd battalions of various regiments into separate regiments it was then numbered as the 62nd Regiment of Foot , the 63rd and then finally as the 78th in 1758 . The regiment fought at the capture of Louisbourg in 1758 , at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759 , at the capture of Montreal in 1760 and at the Battle of Signal Hill in 1762 . In 1763 at the end of the war , they were disbanded in what is now Canada . Many soldiers remained in the area of Quebec , others returned to Scotland and some joined the 84th Regiment of Foot ( Royal Highland Emigrants ) . A new 78th ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot was created in 1793 . Equipment . The 78th Fraser Highlanders wore both the great kilt ( feileadh mor ) and the little kilt ( feileadh beag ) . It is unknown whether they wore the government sett ( Black Watch ) or the modified Fraser sett , although several sources , including Benjamin West ' s " The Death of General Wolfe " , indicate the latter . They wore a short red coat with buff facings , and red and white diced hose . Blue balmorals with bearskin hackles were issued . Sporrans and dirks were not issued , and reflected the soldier ' s wealth . The 78th were issued with the Long Land Pattern musket , although the Short Land Pattern musket which was commonly issued to dragoons was also used . Soldiers were also issued the basket - hilted broadsword , though this fell out of use for enlisted men at the end of the century . Examples exist which are marked ' 2 – HB ' for the 78th ' s precursor , the 2nd Highland Battalion ( Darling 1988 ) . Recreation . A reenactment group recreated the regiment for the 1967 Worlds Fair in Montreal . The recreated regiment has grown to include many branches across North America , taking part in various cultural and reenactment activities . During the summer months , one group portraying the regiment performs musket and bagpipe demonstrations at the Fort de l ' Île Sainte - Hélène .
Navy List A Navy List or Naval Register is an official list of naval officers , their ranks and seniority , the ships which they command or to which they are appointed , etc . , that is published by the government or naval authorities of a country . The Navy List fulfills an important function in international law in that warships are required by article 29 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to be commanded by a commissioned officer whose name appears in the appropriate service list . Past copies of the Navy List are also important sources of information for historians and genealogists . The Navy List for the Royal Navy is no longer published in hard - copy . The Royal Navy ( United Kingdom ) publishes annual lists of active and reserve officers , and biennial lists of retired officers . The equivalent in the United States Navy is the Naval Register , which is updated online on a continuous basis . Resources . Good sources of historical data on UK ' s Navy Lists are The current editor of the Navy List is Judith Burke .
No . 200 Squadron RAF No . 200 Squadron of the Royal Air Force operated during the First and Second World War . First world war . No . 200 Depot Squadron Royal Flying Corps was formed at East Retford on 1 July 1917 , it operated the Royal Aircraft Factory F . E . 2 in the night flying training role . It was disbanded on 13 June 1919 at the end of the war . Second world war . The squadron was formed on 25 May 1941 from a section of No . 206 Squadron RAF at RAF Bircham Newton in Norfolk , the first Lockheed Hudson patrol bomber s for the squadron arrived at the beginning of June . Later in the month the squadron deployed to Gibraltar and then to the Gambia , where it flew convoy protection missions out of Jeswang , moving to Yundum in 1943 and re - equipping with the four - engined Consolidated Liberator VI bombers . Detachments of the squadron also flew from several other West African airfields in this period . In March 1944 , the squadron redeployed to Madras in India as part of South East Asia Command . It only carried out a few missions from Madras before moving to Bengal for special duties , mainly suppling and delivering guerilla parties into Burma and Malaya . In April 1945 it was renumbered as No . 8 Squadron RAF and 200 Squadron was disbanded . Victoria Cross . In August 1943 , Flying Officer Lloyd Allan Trigg was awarded the Victoria Cross for an action in which his aircraft sank U - 468 , a German submarine . Flying out of Banjul , the Liberator V he piloted depth - charge d the submarine , taking heavy anti - aircraft fire in the process and crashing into the ocean with the loss of all crew . The only survivors of the engagement were seven German crewmen , who commended the bravery of the aircrew , making this one of the few Victoria Cross es to have been awarded on the recommendation of an enemy officer ( and the sole VC to be awarded " solely " on enemy testimony ) .
Ludwik Żychliński Ludwik Żychliński ( born 1837 in Grand Duchy of Posen , d . after 1901 in Brusno , Lubaczów County ) was a Polish patriotic activist , pułkownik , diarist . Żychliński participated in Giuseppe Garibaldi ' s expedition of Sicily ( 1860 ) . During the American Civil War , he fought by the Union side ( 1862 – 1863 ) . He was a pułkownik at January Uprising ( 1863 – 1864 ) . Memoirs :
George Mecham George Frederick Mecham ( 1828 - 17 February 1858 ) was a British naval officer who participated in the search for Franklin ' s lost expedition . Birth . He was born in 1828 at Cove of Cork , Ireland . Royal Navy service . Mecham joined the Royal Navy in 1841 and was promoted to lieutenant on 8 March 1849 . As a lieutenant he served from 1850 to 1852 in under Erasmus Ommanney and from 1852 to 1854 in under Henry Kellett , both of whom were searching for the lost expedition of Sir John Franklin . He was the first European to discover Prince Patrick and Eglinton Island s in 1853 , both of which he charted in the spring of that year . He was promoted to commander on 21 October 1854 and commanded the paddle sloop on the west coast of Africa from 1855 to 1857 , and the paddle sloop in the Pacific from 1857 . Death . Mecham died of bronchitis on 17 February 1858 at Honolulu , while in command of .
Thomas Lane ( VC ) Thomas Lane VC ( May 1836 – 12 April 1889 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born in Cork , Ireland in May 1836 , and served throughout the Crimean War in the 47th Regiment of Foot . Detail . On 21 August 1860 at the Taku Forts , China , Lane , then aged 24 and a Private in the 67th ( South Hampshire ) Regiment of Foot ( later The Royal Hampshire Regiment ) , British Army and a lieutenant ( Nathaniel Burslem ) of his regiment displayed great gallantry . They swam the ditches of the North Taku Fort and attempted , during the assault and before an entrance had been effected by anyone , to enlarge an opening in the wall , through which they eventually entered . In doing so , they were both severely wounded . For this action both men were awarded the Victoria Cross . His medal is displayed at The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum & Memorial Garden in Winchester , Hampshire , England . He fought in the Anglo - Zulu War as a Sergeant with the 3 / NNC . This unit was disbanded at Rorke ' s Drift after the siege and the officers and non - commissioned officers formed three troops of the Natal Horse . He also fought in Landrey ' s Light horse in Basutoland 1881 – 82 . His VC gratuity was paid from the consulate in Boston , USA , and also in Auckland , New Zealand , during the 1870s . Lane was one of eight men whose VCs were forfeited . He was stripped of the medal on 7 April 1881 after being convicted of desertion on active service and theft of a " horse , arms and accoutrements " . He died in Kimberley , South Africa on 12 April 1889 as a member of the Kimberley Police .
Mark 15 torpedo The Mark 15 torpedo , the standard U . S . destroyer - launched torpedo of World War II , was very similar in design to the Mark 14 torpedo except that it was longer , lighter , and had greater range and a larger warhead . During the war 9 , 700 were produced . The Mark 15 suffered from the same basic design problems that plagued the Mark 14 for the first 20 months following U . S . entry into the war , though this was not realized nearly as quickly by the destroyer crews as it was by the submariners . Surface - combatant torpedo attacks very often included confusing splashes from gunnery and aerial bombs , obscuring smoke screens , and quick maneuvering to evade counterattack . Rarely was a destroyer given a chance for a slow , careful surprise attack . Torpedo results were difficult to estimate under these circumstances . The correction of the Mark 15 ' s problems would depend on the submariners solving theirs . The Battle of Vella Gulf on the night of August 6 – 7 , 1943 , was the first in which a surprise torpedo attack by U . S . gave the Americans an overwhelming advantage in the following gun battle , though one Japanese warship was hit by a dud torpedo and escaped . By September , 1943 , effective methods of torpedo deployment were beginning to be distributed to all U . S . destroyers . Tactics . Anticipating the possibility of war with Japan , the United States planned to move their battleships across the Pacific with the fleet train . Cruisers and destroyers would be responsible for defending this large formation at night . Fleet exercises held during the 1930s revealed the confusing nature of close range engagements during hours of darkness . In 1932 , during Fleet Problem XIII , " attacking " destroyers closed to within of USS " Saratoga " before being detected . Fleet Problem XV in 1934 placed the destroyer screen beyond the battleship formation , but the battleships were unable to differentiate " friend " from " foe " at that distance . Screening destroyers were subsequently stationed at effective searchlight illumination range , . Recognition improved at that distance , but torpedo hit probability increased as evasive maneuvering of the large , compact force was restricted within the closer screen . United States Navy " War Instructions " ( FTP 143 ) published in 1934 remained in effect through the initial 1942 engagements in the Solomon Islands . The instructions emphasized defense to avoid the attrition objective of Japanese planning : Searchlight illumination range effectively covered launch positions of United States torpedoes , but not the Japanese Type 93 torpedo . Japanese ships could remain outside of illumination range , launching torpedoes at American ships revealing their position with gunfire and searchlights .
William Harrell Nellis William Harrell Nellis flew 70 World War II combat missions and was shot down three times , the last time fatally . On April 30 , 1950 , the Las Vegas Air Force Base in Nevada was renamed Nellis Air Force Base in his honor . Soon after his birth , Nellis ' family moved to Searchlight , Nevada and , when he was 13 , to Las Vegas , Nevada . He graduated from Las Vegas High School and subsequently joined the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps on December 9 , 1942 , training in Albany , Georgia . He was commissioned a flight officer on January 7 , 1944 . On July 9 , 1944 , Nellis was assigned to the 513th Fighter Squadron , in support of General George Patton ' s Third Army . On December 27 , 1944 , flying a P - 47 Thunderbolt during the Battle of the Bulge , he was shot down by ground fire while strafing a German convoy in Luxembourg . He was too low to bail out . Nellis ' remains were recovered from his wrecked aircraft the following April . Lt Nellis ' gravesite is located at Henri - Chapelle American Cemetery and Memorial near Liège , Belgium .
487th Bombardment Squadron The 487th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 340th Bombardment Wing , stationed at Whiteman Air Force Base , Missouri . It was inactivated on 1 September 1963 . History . Established as a B - 25 Mitchell medium bomber squadron in mid - 1942 , trained by Third Air Force in the southeastern United States . Deployed to IX Bomber Command in Egypt initially in March 1943 via Air Transport Command South Atlantic Route through Caribbean , Brazil , Liberia , Central Africa and Sudan , then reassigned to Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) , and to XII Bomber Command in Tunisia . Supported Allied ground forces in Tunisian Campaign ; participated in Invasions of Sicily and Italy during 1943 , supporting Allied ground forces with tactical bombing of enemy targets . Participated in liberation of Corsica during the spring of 1944 , then returned to Italy engaging in attacks on enemy ground forces and targets in the Po Valley during the spring of 1945 . Personnel demobilized in Italy during summer of 1945 ; squadron returned to the United States , being prepared for deployment to Pacific Theater for use as a tactical bomb squadron in programmed Invasion of Japan . Japanese capitulation led to squadron ' s inactivation in November 1945 . Activated as an A - 26 Invader squadron in the postwar Air Force reserves in 1947 ; inactivated in 1949 due to budget reductions . Reactivated in October 1952 as a Strategic Air Command B - 47 Stratojet squadron . Initially equipped with prototypes of the Boeing RB - 47B Stratojet ( YRB - 47 ) to perform long - range photo - reconnaissance with a flight of B - 29 Superfortress bombers assigned . In November 1953 began to receive production B - 47E medium bomber aircraft ; prototype reconnaissance aircraft already received exchanged for medium bomber versions . Participated in SAC REFLEX deployments to Europe and North Africa throughout the 1950s and 1960s . In 1963 with the phaseout of the B - 47 the aircraft sent to storage at Davis - Monthan and inactivated .
Focke - Wulf Project VIII Focke - Wulf Project VIII was a design study for a turboprop - powered fighter - bomber undertaken in Germany during World War II . It was based on the work previously done on Project VII , nicknamed the " Flitzer " . Project VIII was for an aircraft very similar in shape . The performance was calculated to be much better , but the non sweepback of the tail surfaces caused estimated problems at high speed and the project was abandoned .
USS Tunxis ( 1864 ) The first USS " Tunxis " was launched on 4 June 1864 at Chester , PA , by Reaney , Son , and Archbold ; and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 12 July 1864 . On 21 September 1864 , the light - draft monitor departed the sheltered waters of the navy yard on her maiden voyage . However , she soon began taking on water at such an alarming rate that she came about and returned to Philadelphia where she was decommissioned later in the month . Design revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City , Ericsson and Simers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armour his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only 3 inches . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by nearly two feet and the first few completed vessels had their turrets removed and a single pivot - mount 11 inch Dahlgren cannon mounted . These same few vessels had a retractable spar torpedo added as well . " Tunxis " would be the first monitor of the class to keep her armoured turret . On 19 October 1864 " Tunxis " entered William Cramp and Sons ' Shipyard , Philadelphia , for extensive refit and rebuilding . On 12 July 1866 , two years to the day since her first commissioning , the monitor emerged from the complete overhaul far more seaworthy than before . Nevertheless , since her class design had proven disappointing , she was immediately laid up at League Island Navy Yard . Fate . On 15 June 1869 , her name was changed to Hydra ; and , on 10 August 1869 , she was renamed Otsego . In 1874 , " Otsego " was broken up for scrap , having never seen active service .
Gaffron Castle Gaffron Castle is an old castle in Lower Silesian Voivodeship , Poland . It was a part of the former German Silesian knight holding , which consisted of the three knights ' estates Groß - Gaffron ( Gawrony ) , Klein - Gaffron ( Gawronki ) and Beitkau ( Bytków ) . Together the property covered about 4000 hectares ( 2000 hectares of arable land , 1400 hectares of forest and 600 ha of water and other land ) . Castles Gaffron came to pass to the von Niebeischitz , von Schweinichen - who built the present castle . From 1780 to 1834 belonged to Count von Gaffron Schönaich - Carolatb , then jointly by the Medicine Council Ebers and Captain / Hauptmann von Loeper . The year 1867 came Gaffron to belong Conrad Freiherr von der Reck . From 1937 until the end of World War II the whole of the property including the castle was owned by Josef Veltjens and his wife Leni . The castle was damaged during the fighting in 1945 , and , according to statements by locals , was later demolished to provide building materials for the city of Breslau ( Wroclaw ) .
HMS Harrier ( 1894 ) The sixth HMS " Harrier " was a " Dryad " - class torpedo gunboat . She was launched at Devonport Dockyard on 20 February 1894 , and saw service in the Mediterranean and in fishery protection . She served as a minesweeper during World War I and was sold for commercial use in 1920 . Design . Ordered under the Naval Defence Act of 1889 , which established the " Two - Power Standard " , the class was contemporary with the first torpedo boat destroyer s . With a length overall of , a beam of and a displacement of 1 , 070 tons , these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time ; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers . " Harrier " was engined by Hawthorn Leslie and Company with two sets of vertical triple - expansion steam engines , two locomotive - type boilers , and twin screws . This layout produced , giving her a speed of . She carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and was manned by 120 sailors and officers . Armament . The armament when built comprised two QF guns , four 6 - pdr guns and a single 5 - barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun . Her primary weapon was five 18 - inch ( 450 - mm ) torpedo tubes , with two reloads . On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed . History . Mediterranean service . On 24 March 1900 " Harrier " paid off at Devonport after her first commission , which was spent on the Mediterranean Station . In March 1901 she again returned to the Mediterranean Station . Fishery protection and tender to the Navigation School . She spent some time before World War I engaged in fishery protection duties and was for a time a tender to the Navigation School . Conversion to a minesweeper . At the outbreak of war she was converted at Portsmouth , in common with most of the rest of her class , to the minesweeping role . Disposal . She was sold to T R Sales at Haulbowline , Cork on 23 February 1920 for commercial use .