naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Forts in Cornwall There are over 80 hill forts in Cornwall dating from the Iron Age , Roman and post - Roman periods , with most showing evidence of occupation and re - occupation by the Cornish Cornovii tribe . Two of the most impressive , at opposite ends of Cornwall , are Chûn Castle , near Penzance and Warbstow Bury in North East Cornwall . Others can be found at Caer Bran , Castle An Dinas ( Goss Moor ) , Castle an Dinas ( Penzance ) , Castle Canyke , Kelly Rounds , Cadsonbury , Resugga Castle , Helsbury near Michaelstow , St Dennis , Gear fort , Lescudjack Hill Fort , Prideaux Castle , and Castle Dore . Promontory fort s or cliff top forts were also common in the Iron Age and examples of these are at Trevelgue near Newquay , Maen Castle near Sennen , St Michael ' s at Rame Head , Dodman Point ( near Gorran Haven ) , Treryn Dinas ( Logan Rock ) , Trereen Dinas ( Gurnard ' s Head ) and The Rumps ( near St Minver ) . Modern forts . In Tudor times the coastal defences were strengthened ( as by Henry VIII at St Mawes ) and also at the time when a Spanish invasion was expected in the 1580s . Polruan also has a blockhouse fortification that guards the entrance to the river Fowey , one of a pair — its partner being situated on the Fowey side of the river . Between the two blockhouses was strung a defensive chain to prevent enemy ships entering the harbour , the chain being lowered for friendly vessels . This was primarily used during the wars with the Dutch . Many Napoleonic forts were built during the Napoleonic War in South East Cornwall to protect Plymouth Sound and Plymouth ' s docks in Devonport , Devon from attack : some are still in use today by the Ministry of Defence .
Breguet 730 The Breguet 730 was a French flying boat of the 1930s . Built to meet the requirements of the French Navy , it was ordered into production but no aircraft were delivered before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 . Four remaining incomplete airframes were completed after the end of World War II , serving with the French Navy until 1954 . Development . The French Navy issued a specification for a new long - range flying boat to replace the obsolete 521 " Bizerte " in May 1935 . Breguet designed a large four engined flying boat to meet the requirement , the Breguet 730 , competing against designs by Latécoère ( the Latécoère 611 ) , Lioré et Olivier ( the LeO H - 440 ) and Potez - CAMS ( the Potez - CAMS 141 ) . The first prototype , the Br . 730 - 01 , powered by four Gnome - Rhône 14N engines , flew on 4 April 1938 at Le Havre . It was wrecked , however , on 16 July 1938 when it attempted to land in shallow water . Despite this setback , however , an order for four production aircraft was placed , followed by a contract for unlimited production on the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 . This order was cut in early 1940 when it realised that attrition of maritime patrol aircraft was very low . Operational history . No production aircraft had been completed when France surrendered on 22 June 1940 , when production was suspended . It was restarted by the Vichy government , with the wing of the wrecked prototype being combined with the hull of the first production machine to produce the Br . 730 No . 1 , which was ready to fly when the German invasion of Vichy France prevented testing . Production of the remaining 11 aircraft continued extremely slowly under German occupation , with eight being destroyed in an Allied air raid on 6 April 1944 . The Br . 730 No . 1 was finally flown for the first time in December 1944 , after the Germans retreated from the South of France . This aircraft , named " Véga " , was delivered to the French Navy , who used it as a long - range transport in April 1945 , with a second Br . 730 ( " Sirius " ) completed in May 1946 . The remaining two aircraft ( " Altair " and " Bellatrix " ) were completed with redesigned nose , new floats and more powerful engines , and were designated Br . 731 . " Véga " was destroyed in a crash in January 1949 , with a second aircraft being destroyed in 1951 . The last Br . 731 was retired on 20 January 1954 .
Decanus Decanus means " chief of ten " in Late Latin . The term originated in the Roman army and became used thereafter for subaltern officials in the Byzantine Empire , as well as for various positions in the Church , whence derives the English title " dean " . History and functions . The " decanus " was originally the leader of a " contubernium " , the squad of eight ( 8 ) legionaries that lived in the same tent and the two support units / servants of the contubernium . It must not be confused with the " decurio " , which was a title given to civic officials and to leaders of 30 - strong squadrons ( " turma e " ) of cavalry . In Greek texts , it is equivalent to the rank of " dekarchos " ( " commander of ten " ) . From the 4th century , it became used for palace messenger s , particularly those in the service of the Roman empress . They also apparently served as guard s at gates , and in the 6th century , John Lydus equates them with the ancient lictor s . In the 899 " Kletorologion " of Philotheos , the " decanus " ( transcribed into Greek as δεκανός , dekanos ) was a mid - level functionary , serving under the " protasekretis " . According to the mid - 10th century " De Ceremoniis " of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ( r . 913 – 959 ) , he was " in charge of the imperial papers " when the Byzantine emperor was on campaign . Sigillographic evidence for the Byzantine " dekanoi " is relatively rare , although some are depicted in illuminated manuscripts , where their appearance varies considerably , in accord with their varying and changing functions . In the Church , the term was used in monasteries for heads of groups of ten ( 10 ) other monks , for low - ranking subaltern officials of the Patriarchate of Constantinople , and for the ecclesiastic " fossores " ( " grave - diggers " ) .
Charles George Charles George ( August 23 , 1932 – November 30 , 1952 ) was a U . S . Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in combat on November 30 , 1952 , during the Korean War . He was fatally wounded when he threw himself on a grenade to protect other soldiers in his company and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . Biography . George was born in Cherokee , North Carolina and was a Cherokee Indian . He entered service at Whittier , North Carolina . At the time of George ' s death in battle he held the rank of Private First Class in Company C of the 179th Infantry Regiment , 45th Infantry Division . The action for which he received the Medal of Honor was near Songnae - dong , Korea . Medal of Honor citation . The Medal of Honor was awarded on March 18 , 1954 . The citation read : Charles George VA Medical Center . The VA Medical Center in Asheville , North Carolina is named in honor of Charles George and thus is officially known as the Charles George VA Medical Center . Several boys recovered George ' s Purple Heart , Bronze Star and GCM in an antique shop . The owner donated the medals on the condition the boys find the family and return them , which they did .
Bleu Copas Bleu Copas is an American Arabic translator . In 2006 , he was discharged from the United States Army under the Don ' t ask , don ' t tell policy for being gay . The discharge was seen as controversial not only for the policy but also for the timing when the Army had a pronounced need for Arab translators with the war on terrorism . Born in 1976 , Copas was raised in Tennessee in a conservative and religious environment . He reports admiring the ideal of military service as a child , and he enrolled in ROTC in college . After the September 11 , 2001 attacks on the United States , Copas enlisted in the Army . After basic training at Fort Jackson , South Carolina , he attended the Defense Language Institute in California . There , he was trained in Arabic for future assignment as a combat translator . Copas , who never admitted being gay while a soldier , was discharged honorably after an eight - month investigation . The investigation was triggered by a number of anonymous e - mails accusing Copas of homosexual acts ; Copas ' s battalion commander with the 82nd Airborne at Fort Bragg determined that the evidence was sufficient to discharge Copas despite his denial . The Army claimed that the evidence indicated that Copas had engaged in at least two homosexual affairs while in the service , and that the e - mails had been sent in revenge for the failure of one of these relationships . Copas suggests that the information came from an anonymous informant whom he had met and mistakenly befriended in a chat room . Copas has since returned to East Tennessee State University where he is studying for a Master ' s degree in counseling .
Bulchan Bulchan ( Bulčan ) or Bluchan ( Blučan ) was , according to Georgian chronicle s , a Khazar general around the year 800 CE . According to the Georgian sources , Bulchan led the Khazar army in its capture of Tbilisi . As part of the surrender terms a Georgian princess named Shushan was supposed to accompany Bulchan back to the khagan ' s court and marry the Khazar ruler , but the girl killed herself instead . When he returned home with the news , the hapless Bulchan was killed by the khagan in a fit of rage . The connection between Bulchan and Bulan , if any , is unknown ; Peter B . Golden has commented on the common etymological roots of the two names .
Godfrey Chevalier Lieutenant Commander Godfrey DeCourcelles Chevalier , USN ( 7 March 1889 – 14 November 1922 ) was a pioneering naval aviator of the United States Navy of World War I and the early 1920s . Biography . Born in Providence , Rhode Island on 7 March 1889 , Chevalier graduated from the United States Naval Academy in June 1910 . He was appointed a Naval Air Pilot on 7 November 1915 and a Naval Aviator on 7 November 1918 . On 8 May 1913 , ensign Chevalier was the passenger in a long - distance flight of 169 miles , flown in a Curtiss flying boat piloted by Lieutenant John Henry Towers , Naval Aviator No . 3 , from the Washington Navy Yard in Washington , D . C . down the Potomac River and then up the Chesapeake Bay to the U . S . Naval Academy at Annapolis , Maryland . The flight took three hours and five minutes . In 1916 he participated in the installation of the first real aircraft catapult used in the U . S . Navy and piloted the first plane to be launched by catapult , from the armored cruiser . In November 1917 he commanded the first naval air station in France , at Dunkerque , and for World War I service was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal . In 1922 he was attached to , the first American aircraft carrier , in connection with fitting her out . On 26 October 1922 Lieutenant Commander Chevalier made the first landing on " Langley " s deck , flying Aeromarine 39 B No . 606 . A distinguished pioneer of naval aviation , Chevalier died at the Norfolk Naval Hospital at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk , Virginia , on 14 November 1922 as a result of injuries sustained in the 12 November 1922 crash near Lockhaven , Virginia , of a Vought VE - 7 he was flying from Naval Air Station Norfolk to Yorktown , Virginia . Namesake . Two U . S . Navy destroyer s have been named in his honor , as was Chevalier Field , an airfield at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Pensacola , Florida .
Lord Frederick Cavendish ( British Army officer ) Field Marshal Lord Frederick Cavendish ( August 1729 – 21 October 1803 ) was a British field marshal and Whig politician , a younger son of William Cavendish , 3rd Duke of Devonshire . Military career . He chose a military career , and became an ensign in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 29 April 1749 . He entered parliament in 1751 for the family seat of Derbyshire . On 17 March 1752 , he was promoted to captain - lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards . In 1754 , he gave up the Derbyshire seat to his brother George and was returned for Derby instead . He was seconded to the 29th Regiment of Foot as lieutenant - colonel in 1755 and went to Ireland with his brother William Cavendish , Marquess of Hartington , newly made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . He was promoted to captain and lieutenant - colonel in the 1st Foot Guards on 1 June 1756 and served as an aide - de - camp to the Duke of Cumberland in 1757 . He was promoted to colonel on 7 May 1758 , and took part in the " descents " upon France that year . He was captured during the disastrous embarkation at St . Cast ( 11 September 1758 ) , but was paroled in October . He was shortly exchanged , and on 24 October 1759 , appointed colonel of the 67th Regiment of Foot , which command he held for a year ; on 30 October 1760 , he took command of the 34th Regiment of Foot . On 7 March 1761 , he was promoted to major - general , and sailed for Germany the next month . Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick gave him command of a brigade of chasseur s in June 1762 , which he led at the Battle of Wilhelmsthal on 24 June . Part of his command was ambushed in October 1762 during the Siege of Kassel . He was promoted to lieutenant - general on 30 April 1770 , but owing to his sympathies , took no part in the American Revolution . In 1780 , he left his seat in Parliament and was succeeded by his nephew Lord George Cavendish . He was promoted to general on 20 November 1782 and field marshal on 30 July 1796 . In 1797 , he resigned the command of the 34th Regt . , and he died in 1803 at Twickenham Park , where he had lived since 1788 . He left most of his property to his nephew Lord George Cavendish , later the Earl of Burlington .
Virginie Guyot Commandant Virginie Guyot ( born 30 December 1976 in Angers ) is a fighter pilot of the Armée de l ' Air who achieved an historical first when she was appointed leader of the Patrouille de France , becoming the first woman in the world to command a precision aerobatic demonstration team . Career . After following high school and scientific " classes prépa " in the Prytanée Militaire , an advanced military secondary institution , Virginie Guyot entered the " Ecole de l ' Air " , the French Air Force officers ' school , in 1997 . After her degree , she joined the fighter pilot training Air Force base in Tours . She received her fighter pilot wings in 2002 , just three years after Caroline Aigle , the first woman to reach that position in the history of the Armée de l ' Air . She was assigned to the Mirage F1 - CR in the " Escadron de reconnaissance 2 / 33 Savoie " . She was engaged in operations in Chad , Tajikistan and Afghanistan . " Chef d ' escadron " ( squadron leader ) since 2007 , she was promoted to the rank of " Commandant " ( Major ) in 2009 . At the same time , she was the first woman to join the Patrouille de France , one of the world ' s oldest and most skilled demonstration teams , in which she was directly appointed as " Charognard " ( deputy leader ) . On 25 November 2009 , she became the first , and so far only , woman to lead a prestigious aerobatic team . Following her service in the Patrouille de France ( no one can serve as leader for more than a year ) , she plans to join the " Etat - major " ( Air Force Staff ) .
Tupolev ANT - 22 The Tupolev ANT - 22 ( also known as the MK - 1 ) was a large flying boat built in the Soviet Union in 1934 . A huge aircraft consisting of two hulls and powered by six engines in three nacelles in a push - pull configuration , it was a follow - up to the ANT - 8 . Its enormous weight severely crippled its performance ; it never got beyond the experimental stage .
Mantlet A mantlet was a large shield or portable shelter used for stopping arrows or bullets , in medieval warfare . It could be mounted on a wheeled carriage , and protected one or several soldiers . In the First World War a mantlet type of device was used by the French to attack barbed wire entanglement s . In military use from pre - WW2 onward , a mantlet is the thick , protective steel frontal shield , usually able to elevate and depress , which houses the main gun on an armoured tank , examples being Tiger Tank , Sherman Tank and Churchill Tank .
Asiatic Vespers The Asiatic Vespers ( also known as the Vespers of 88 BC ) refers to an infamous episode during the First Mithridatic War . In response to increasing Roman power in Anatolia , the king of Pontus , Mithridates the Great , tapped into local discontent with the Romans and their taxes to orchestrate the execution of 80 , 000 Roman and Italian citizens and other foreigners in Asia Minor . The massacre was planned scrupulously to take place on the same day in several towns scattered over Asia Minor . The massacre led to the Roman Senate committing a huge invasion force aimed at breaking the power of the Kingdom of Pontus and eventually annexing their territory in a series of conflicts known as the Mithridatic Wars . The name was retrospectively given to the massacre by analogy with the Sicilian Vespers of 1282 .
Stolberg Castle Stolberg Castle ( ) is a palace in the town of Stolberg in the Harz Mountains of Germany . It dates to the 13th century and stands above the town on a hill with steep drops on three sides . Since 2003 it has been completely restored and renovated by the German Foundation for Monument Conservation . History . Its oldest element , the round tower , dates to the time around 1200 , the more recent elements were built in the Renaissance style between 1539 and 1547 . In the southeast wing is the Classicist Great Reception Room ( " Großes Empfangszimmer " ) and the Red Room ( " Roter Saal " ) designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . The castle was given its present appearance thanks to rebuilding between 1690 and 1700 . Until they were dispossessed in 1945 , the castle was owned by the family of the Prince of Stolberg - Stolberg . From 1947 the castle was used as a holiday home for the Free German Trade Union Federation ( FDGB ) . The work carried out for this purpose and its numerous guests left behind many traces in the fabric of the building and the appearance of the interior . In 1990 , ownership of the castle was transferred to the Treuhand and it then stood empty . A private investor bought it in 1993 , in order to open it as an hotel . Inadequate roof renovation work subsequently caused damage through damp and dry rot . After the hotel project foundered in 1994 , the Stolberg Castle stood empty again and was in danger of being completely lost . At the end of 2002 the German Foundation for Monument Conservation took over the construction work following an agreement with the state of Saxony - Anhalt . The fabric of the building was made safe and gradually renovated . In 2008 the Prince ' s Wing ( " Fürstenflügel " ) opened its doors and , in 2009 , the castle chapel was reconsecrated . By 2008 about 12 million euros of support had been made available by the German Federation , the state of Saxony - Anhalt , the European Union , the town of Stolberg and the German Foundation for Monument Conservation for the repairs to the building . Since March 2008 parts of the castle have been open to the public again and used as a tourist centre and reception venue ( " Haus des Gastes " ) .
HMS Marlborough ( 1807 ) HMS " Marlborough " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 22 June 1807 at Deptford . In 1808 , she helped escort the Portuguese royal family in its flight from Portugal to Brazil . " Marlborough " was broken up in 1835 .
Wessex Regiment The Wessex Regiment was a Territorial Army ( TA ) infantry regiment of the British Army between 1971 and 1995 . It had two battalions : The 1st Bn ( Rifle Volunteers ) with its headquarters at Le Marchant Barracks in Devizes and the 2nd Bn ( Volunteers ) , which was headquartered at Brock Barracks in Reading . In 1994 , the battalions were amalgamated to form the 2nd Bn The Royal Gloucestershire , Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment , later The Royal Rifle Volunteers . Most recently , its remnants can be traced to the formation of The Rifles . 1st Battalion The Wessex Regiment ( Rifle Volunteers ) . 1 Wessex was a NATO - roled Battalion , the TA infantry component of 1 Brigade , which formed , with logistic elements , the UK Mobile Force with deployment options in the Baltic Approaches ( Denmark and Schleswig - Holstein ) The Battalion comprised : C Company ( Dorchester ) , D Company ( Poole ) and E Company ( Exeter ) were later removed from 1 Wessex and formed the base for the 4th Battalion , The Devonshire and Dorset Regiment . 1 Wessex then formed a new C Company in Newbury , which was based on a remote Platoon transferred from 2 Wessex . In addition to the five Rifle Companies , 1 Wessex had the following support Platoons under HQ Company : There was also from 1983 , a HSF ( Home Service Force ) company . The Battalion also had the distinction of being able to parade with two Bands , one based in Exeter and one in Devizes , as well as a Corps of Drums founded by the HQ Coy ( Devizes ) . 2nd Battalion The Wessex Regiment ( Volunteers ) . The Battalion comprised : Dress distinctions . Soldiers in A Coy originally wore collar badges of the 6th Bn The Royal Hampshire Regt ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) , later replaced with the ' Wyvern ' . Soldiers in C ( Royal Berkshires ) Coy wore the " Brandywine Flash " , a triangle of red cloth sewn behind the cap badge inherited from the Royal Berkshire Regt - this was also worn by the Duke of Edinburgh ' s Royal Regiment ( DERR ) . Officers and Warrant Officers wore Black ( Royal Hampshire ) pullovers in Barrack Dress . Officers , Warrant Officers and SNCOs wore a green lanyard on the left shoulder ( as opposed to blue in the 1st Bn ) . The regimental Stable Belt of the 2nd Bn was striped blue over gold over grass green over gold over blue , as opposed to the plain blue of the 1st Bn . Officers wore Royal Hampshire Regiment pattern Sam Browne with whistle .
Sasha - class minesweeper The Sasha class is the NATO reporting name for a class of minesweepers built for the Soviet Navy between 1954 and 1956 . The Soviet designation was " Project 265 " Design . The specification for the design was issued in 1946 . The ships were steel hulled coastal minesweepers and were to replace wartime T301 class coastal sweepers . Following trials the bow shape was changed to improve sea - keeping and more advanced electronics and sweeps were introduced throughout the service lives of these ships . Ships . At total of 37 ships were built at Rybinsk . The last two ships were retired in 1992 .