naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
36th Virginia Cavalry Battalion The 36th Battalion , Virginia Cavalry was a cavalry battalion raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly in western Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley , and also with the Army of Northern Virginia . Virginia ' s 36th Cavalry Battalion was organized in February , 1863 , with four companies , later increased to five . The unit was assigned to A . G . Jenkins ' , W . E . Jones ' , B . T . Johnson ' s , and Payne ' s Brigade . It had a force of 125 men at Gettysburg , and was involved in the Battle of Sporting Hill . A . G . Jenkins Brigade was within miles of the state capital at Sporting Hill , which , according to local legend , was named for its good hunting and abundant rabbits , ducks and waterfowl . An advance detachment of the 16th Virginia Cavalry Regiment , was at the McCormick Barn , of which remnants still stand today . Then , when the New York State Militia approached , the 36th , along with a portion of the 16th , crossed the road at Gleim ' s Farm , where a Denny ' s is now . This was an attempt to flanks the Federals , but failed when Co . A & C of the 22nd NYSM charged into the woods , and broke its advance . The rest of the battle played out without much more action for the 36th , save receiving artillery fire . " C . H . " Earlier in the Campaign , at the Battle of Opequon Creek , near Winchester on June 13 , 1863 , Major James W . Sweeny was wounded , Capt . Cornelious Thomas of Co . A taking command . " " C . H . " " It then moved to Western Virginia , then took part in operations in East Tennessee . The 36th was with McCausland at Chambersburg , served with Early in the Shenandoah Valley , and was active around Appomattox . After cutting through the lines at Appomattox , it disbanded . Major James W . Sweeney was in command .
Mary Lacy ( shipwright ) Mary Lacy ( born circa 1740 , dead after 1773 ) , was a British sailor , shipwright and memoirist . She was arguably the first of her gender to have given an exam and a pension from the British admiralty as a shipwright . Lacy ran away from home dressed as a boy at the age of nineteen in 1759 , and worked as a servant for a ships carpenter of the British navy under the name William Chandler until 1763 . She the studied as an apprentice to be a shipwright . In 1770 , she took her exam as a shipwright , arguably the first of her gender to have done so . In 1771 , however , she was forced to stop working because of her rheumatism , and applied for a pension from the admiralty under her legal name , Mary Lacy , which was granted . Her life after 1773 is unknown . She published her memoirs " The Female Shipwright " ( 1773 ) .
Mil Mi - 32 The Mil Mi - 32 was a conceptual helicopter developed by the former Soviet Union in 1982 . It was to be equipped with three rotors , with two engines driving each rotor . These engines were the same ones found in the smaller transport Mil Mi - 26 . The Mi - 32 would have used a peculiar triangular fuselage . It was designed to carry large , heavy loads . None were ever built .
Detachment Kuhlmey Detachment Kuhlmey ( ) was a temporary unit of the German " Luftwaffe " during World War II . The unit was commanded by Oberstleutnant Kurt Kuhlmey and the detachment was built around the unit Schlachtgeschwader 3 , which also was commanded by Kuhlmey . Operational history . The unit participated in large battles of summer 1944 , during the Finnish - Soviet Continuation War . When the Soviet Red Army launched its fourth strategic offensive on 9 June 1944 C . G . E . Mannerheim asked Germany for help . Among the help that arrived was a Luftwaffe unit that arrived to Finland on 12 June . The aircraft landed at the Immola Airfield on 17 June . The unit used the whole airfield from there on . The unit flew some 2 , 700 missions against the enemy and dropped 770 tonnes of bombs on the enemy . It destroyed over 150 Soviet aircraft , about 200 tanks , dozens of bridges and transport vessels . 23 of the pilots died and 24 were wounded in battle . The unit lost 41 of its aircraft The detachment consisted of some 70 airworthy aircraft to support the 200 strong Finnish force , but its operational strength varied due to losses , additions and troop movements . The unclear structure is partly explained by the Luftwaffe replacement programs , where obsolete Junkers Ju 87 " Stuka " dive bombers were replaced by Focke - Wulf Fw 190 " jabo " ' s ( fighter - bombers ) . According to this , II . / SG 3 was training at Jēkabpils , I . / SG 5 in Pori , and III and IV . / JG 54 in Illesheim , and they could not participate in the fighting on the Karelian Isthmus . I . / SG 3 , which was in Finland , received new Fw 190 aircraft as soon as they left Finland for Tartu . Organisation . The following units and aircraft in Finland belonged to Detachment Kuhlmey : The transport squadron TGr . 10 also belonged to the unit , and it consisted of 35 Savoia Marchetti SM . 81 / AR transport aircraft and a number of transport , liaison and reconnaissance aircraft . The majority of the aircraft of the unit left Finland on 23 July , but I / SG 5 who stayed until 13 August . A memorial was raised at the Immola Airfield on 23 July 1994 in memory of the unit .
Campaigns of 1801 in the French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars continued in 1801 with the French bringing the war against the Second Coalition to a close . By 9 February , the Austrians had signed the Treaty of Lunéville , ending the war on the continent . The war against the United Kingdom continued ( with Neapolitan harbours closed to her by the Treaty of Florence , signed on 28 March ) , and the Turks invaded Egypt in March , losing to Kleber at Heliopolis . The exhausted French force in Egypt , however , surrendered in August . The naval war also continued , with the United Kingdom maintaining a blockade of France by sea . Non - combatants Russia , Prussia , Denmark , and Sweden joined to protect neutral shipping from British attacks , but were unsuccessful . British Admiral Horatio Nelson defied orders and attacked the Danish fleet in harbor at the Battle of Copenhagen , destroying much of the fleet of one of France ' s more steady allies during the period . An armistice prevented him from continuing into the Baltic Sea to attack the Russian fleet at Reval ( Tallinn ) . Meanwhile off Gibraltar , the outnumbered French squadron under Linois rebuffed a first British attack under Saumarez in the first battle of Algeciras , capturing a line - of - battle ship . In the second battle of Algeciras , four days later , the British captured a French ship and sank two others , killing around 2000 French for the loss of 12 British .
9th Army ( German Empire ) The 9th Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed in September 1914 in Breslau to command troops on the southern sector of the Eastern Front . The army was dissolved on 30 July 1916 , but reformed in Transylvania on 6 September 1916 for the Romanian Campaign . It was transferred to the Western Front on 19 June 1918 where it was finally dissolved on 18 September 1918 . History . First formation . The 9th Army Headquarters was established in Breslau on 19 September 1914 and commanded units drawn from the 8th Army , the Western Front and other units in Upper Silesia . It was originally placed on the southern sector of the Eastern Front on the left flank of the 1st Austro - Hungarian Army . Second formation . 9th Army was reformed for the Romanian Campaign in September 1916 . Along with the 1st Autro - Hungarian Army ( 1st A - H Army ) it formed the Siebenburg Sector and had the following units : Commanders . The original 9th Army had the following commanders until it was dissolved 30 July 1916 : A " new " 9th Army was formed in Transylvania for the Romanina Campaign on 6 September 1916 . It was dissolved on the Western Front on 18 September 1918 .
Ronald Howe Sir Ronald Martin Howe CVO MC ( 5 September 1896 – 30 August 1977 ) was an English barrister and police officer in the London Metropolitan Police . Howe was the son of a journalist . He was educated at Westminster School , where he was head boy , and Christ Church , Oxford . He was commissioned into the 3rd Battalion , Royal Sussex Regiment in 1915 and served until 1919 . He was wounded in 1917 , was promoted Acting Captain in December 1917 , won the Military Cross ( MC ) in 1918 as a company commander with the 7th Battalion , and was promoted Temporary Captain in September 1918 . He resigned his commission in April 1920 . In 1924 , he was called to the bar by the Inner Temple and joined the staff of the Director of Public Prosecutions . In February 1932 , he was appointed Chief Constable ( CID ) in the Metropolitan Police , so that there were briefly two CID Chief Constables ( John Ashley being the other ) . He was , however , promoted to Deputy Assistant Commissioner ( CID ) on 1 November 1933 and served in the post until 1945 , when he was appointed Assistant Commissioner " C " ( Crime ) . In 1953 , he was appointed Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis . He retired on 20 January 1957 . From 1945 to 1957 , he also served as British Representative on the International Criminal Police Commission . After his retirement , he became chairman of Group 4 Total Security . In 1976 he retired from that post too , becoming the company ' s president . Howe was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in 1950 and was knighted in 1955 . He wrote " The Pursuit of Crime " ( 1961 ) and " The Story of Scotland Yard " ( 1965 ) .
The War Illustrated The War Illustrated was a British war magazine published in London by William Berry ( later Viscount Camrose and owner of " The Daily Telegraph " ) . It was first released on 22 August 1914 , eighteen days after the United Kingdom declared war on Germany , and regular issues continued throughout World War I . The magazine was discontinued after the 8 February 1919 issue , but returned 16 September 1939 following the start of World War II . 255 issues were published over the course of the Second World War before the magazine permanently ceased production on 11 April 1947 . Subtitled " A Pictorial Record of the Conflict of the Nation " , " The War Illustrated " was at first sensationalistic and patriotic . Although it contained articles , the main focus was on photographs and illustrations , most notably those of Stanley Wood dramatising ( or in some cases fabricating ) events involving German troops . The magazine became more diligent in properly verifying its reports from 1916 onwards . Both versions of " The War Illustrated " were edited by John Hammerton , who also contributed articles throughout the magazine ' s run . The magazine contained personal accounts of the war by war correspondent s such as Hamilton Fyfe and Luigi Barzini , Sr . , descriptions and illustrations of Victoria Cross actions ( for example those of John Lynn and John George Smyth ) and articles by authors such as H . G . Wells ( " Why Britain Went To War " , " Will The War Change England ? " ) and Winston Churchill ( " The Right View of Verdun " ) . It was extremely popular : at its peak at the end of World War I , " The War Illustrated " had a circulation of 750 , 000 .
Cercola Airfield Cercola Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy , located approximately 2 km north of Cercola in the Province of Naples in the Italian region Campania . It was an all - weather temporary field built by the United States Army Air Force IX Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface , with a prefabricated hessian ( burlap ) surfacing known as PHS . PHS was made of an asphalt - impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track ( SMT ) grid of wire joined in 3 - inch squares . Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas , as well as for dispersal sites , when it was available . In addition , tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Once completed it was turned over for use by the ( at the time ) Ninth Air Force 324th Fighter Group , which arrived at the airfield on 25 October 1943 flying P - 40 Warhawk s . The 324th was reassigned to XII Air Support Command on 1 November 1943 , and remained at Cercola until 6 May 1944 , when it moved to Pignataro Maggiore . The 33d Fighter Group operated P - 40 Warhawk s from the field between 1 January and February 1944 , supporting ground forces as they advanced and attacking enemy aircraft on the air and ground . At Cercola , the group was reassigned to Tenth Air Force and moved east to India . It was replaced by the 57th Fighter Group , also flying P - 40s , which operated from the field until the end of March . After the 324th moved out in May 1944 the airfield was dismantled . Today , there are no remaining traces of the airfield as the area around the town of Cercola has grown substantially since the war and is now part of the Naples urban area . The urban development has obliterated any trace of the airfield . It is unknown precisely where the airfield was actually located due to the changed landscape over the past 60 years .
2nd ( Rawalpindi ) Division The 2nd ( Rawalpindi ) Division was a regular army division of the British Indian Army . It was formed in 1903 after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army . During World War I it remained in India for local defence but it was mobilised for action on the North West Frontier on several occasions during the period . The Division was mobilised in 1919 for service during the Third Afghan War .
Alexander Alfred Hayton Brigadier Alexander Alfred Hayton , VD , DSO , was a South African officer . During World War I he served as a lieutenant in the East African Campaign and in Egypt . He was the commanding officer of the 4th South African Brigade in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa during World War II . In civilian life he worked as Chief Traffic Officer in Johannesburg .
Security Forces Headquarters – Kilinochchi Security Forces Headquarters – Kilinochchi ( SFHQ - KLN ) is a regional command of the Sri Lanka Army , that is responsible for the operational deployment and command all army units stationed in Kilinochchi District , this includes several division s and the independent brigade s . This a new command established to maintain control over newly recaptured area . It is one of the five Security Forces Headquarters and the General Officer Commanding it is one of the most senior officers in the army , the post is designated as Commander Security Forces Headquarters - Kilinochchi . The current Commander SFHQ - KLN is Major General Channa Gunathilaka . The SFHQ - KLN is based at Kilinochchi . Although it is primary a command of the Sri Lanka Army it coordinates operations and deployments of ground units of the Navy , Air Force and police with that of the army in that area . Composition . Security Forces Headquarters – Kilinochchi ( SFHQ - KLN ) is a regional command of the Sri Lanka Army that is responsible for the operational deployment and command all army units stationed in Kilinochchi District . This includes several divisions and the independent brigades . This a new command established to maintain control over newly recaptured area . It is one of the five Security Forces Headquarters and the General Officer Commanding it is one of the most senior officers in the army . The post is designated as Commander Security Forces Headquarters – Kilinochchi . The current Commander SFHQ - KLN is Major General Nandana Udawatta RSP ndc psc . The SFHQ - KLN is based at Kilinochchi . [ 1 ] Although it is primary a command of the Sri Lanka Army it coordinates operations and deployments of ground units of the Navy , Air Force and police with that of the Army in that area .
103 ISTAR battalion 103 ISTAR - Battalion is a cavalry reconnaissance regiment in the Royal Netherlands Army . The battalion is the main part of the " Regiment Huzaren van Boreel " , or " Boreel ' s Own Hussars " . Other parts of the regiment are the independent recce squadrons which are part of the Netherlands ' Army ' s Mechanised Brigades . 103 ' s tasking is centred on collecting and analysing operational information , then use it to compile intelligence and advice for operational commanders . Other taskings are diverse and include Forward Air Control ; FOO ; Route reconnaissance ; security operations ; EW and SIGINT . 103 ISTAR - battalion has a complement of little over 800 heads and is stationed at Legerplaats bij Oldebroek and the Luitenant Kolonel Tonnet Kazerne in ' t Harde in the Veluwe area of the Netherlands . The minister of defence decided to found the ISTAR battalion at June 25 , 2001 . After preparations the Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Netherlands Army formally raised the unit at June 25 , 2003 . He then also decided to formally place the unit under the administration of Boreel ' s Own Hussars . The battalion continues the traditions of the old 103 Recce Battalion , which was also part of the same regiment . After World War II Dutch Cavalry units became known as battalions , though they still retained a Regimental identity . Boreel ' s Own Hussars even became a multi - battalion regiment ( almost in an infantry style ) housing all the Army ' s armoured reconnaissance and light cavalry units . It continues to do so today . Sub units . 103 ISTAR battalion contains the following sub units : The battalion is part of the Operational Support Command - Land ( Operationeel Ondersteunings Commando Land ( OOCL ) , a formation also containing several specialist engineer units , medical units and such which support the manoeuvre brigades of the army ) .
Battle of Launac The Battle of Launac took place on 5 December 1362 . It was the culmination of a long running feud between the French aristocratic families of D ' Armagnac and Foix - Béarn . The chief protagonists were Jean , Comte d ' Armagnac and Gaston Fébus of Foix . The result was a major victory for Gaston Fébus . The armies . D ' Armagnac ' s army consisted of men from his territories , some powerful Gascon noble families , such as the D ' Albrets , and mercenary free companies . Foix fielded a force of his vassals and a larger number of free company mercenaries , including German , Gascon and English troops . D ' Armagnac ' s forces were mostly mounted men - at - arms , those of Foix also featured men - at - arms but significantly had more infantry , including a contingent of English longbowmen . D ' Armagnac ' s army outnumbered that of Foix but actual numbers are unknown . The battle . Details of the battle are somewhat lacking . The battle began in the morning and was over by midday . D ' Armagnac launched a mounted charge on the Foix army . This was first held , then defeated by Foix ' s archers who were hidden in a copse to the rear of the enemy and emerged to launch volleys of arrows , killing many horses . The Armagnacs then fled . Aftermath . The battle is particularly notable for the fact that Foix captured the majority of the Armagnac leaders , who were put to ransom . This brought Gaston Fébus vast wealth . The ransom of Jean d ' Armagnac alone was 300 , 000 florins and surviving records show that the minimum ransom collected overall was 600 , 000 florins , an amount of gold weighing over 2 tonnes . Contemporary chroniclers estimated it higher still . It is believed that the nephew of D ' Armagnac , the Lord of Albret , was ransomed for 100 , 000 florins , the Count of Comminges was ransomed for 50 , 000 florins , and the average knight , ransomed for 1 , 500 florins . The debt was mainly repaid by the sale of two strategic seigniories between Bigorre and Comminges . So great was the triumph that Gaston Fébus decreed the anniversary of the battle should be celebrated annually across his territories . The chronicler Jean Froissart was a guest at the 28th anniversary celebration and recorded religious processions and solemn feasts .
Navy Distinguished Public Service Award The Navy Distinguished Public Service Award , established in 1951 , is an award presented by the U . S . Secretary of the Navy to civilians for specific courageous or heroic acts or exceptionally outstanding service of substantial and long - term benefit to the Navy , Marine Corps , or Department of the Navy as a whole . Originally a certificate with a lapel pin , the medal was first presented in July 1951 . It is the highest recognition that the Secretary of the Navy may pay to a civilian not employed by the Department of the Navy . Design . The medal , designed by the United States Mint , is gold in color . The obverse has the Seal of the Navy Department , encircled by the inscription above " Navy Department " and below , " United States of America . " The reverse has the words " Awarded to " with a blank tablet for inscription of the recipient ' s name , resting on a spray of laurel . Arched at the top rim of the reverse of the medal is the word " Distinguished . " Horizontally , below the tablet , is the word " Public " and arched along the bottom rim is the word " Service . " The medal is suspended by a ribbon using the colors of the United States Navy , half blue on the left , and half golden - yellow on the right . In addition to the medal it consists of a miniature medal , lapel bar , rosette , and a certificate signed by the Secretary of the Navy . Notable recipients . Notable recipients include Joe Rosenthal , Pulitzer Prize winning photographer , known for the iconic photo , " Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima " . Freelance television news cameraman Chris Jackson received the award for rescuing Marine Sgt . Courtney Rauch from a burning Humvee in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan in August 2008 . While filming for Col . Oliver North ’ s show on the Fox News Channel , the Humvee in which Jackson and Rauch were riding was struck by an IED , knocking Sgt . Rauch unconscious . Although injured in the blast , Jackson pulled Rauch from the vehicle to safety . Maj . Gen . Paul Lefebvre presented Jackson with the award January 24 , 2009 , at Al Faw Palace in Baghdad , Iraq . Other recipients include The late former Rep . John Murtha ( R - Pa ) received the award in 2009 for his “ courageous leadership , vision , and loyalty to the men and women of the Department of the Navy . " At the time of his award Murtha was the influential chairman of the House Appropriations Committee ’ s Defense Subcommittee . Rep . Rodney Frelinghuysen ( R - NJ ) received the award in 2013 . Frelinghuysen , also a sitting member of the Defense Subcommittee , was recognized for his " long and selfless service to the nation ’ s sailors and Marines [ that ] ensured they were provided the resources necessary to support and defend the nation ’ s interests around the globe . "
Tamgha - i - Jurat Tamgha - i - Jurat ( Medal of Courage ) , is the fourth highest military award of Pakistan . It was established in 1957 after Pakistan became a Republic , however , it was instituted retrospectively back to 1947 . It is awarded for gallantry or distinguished service in combat and can be bestowed upon non commissioned officers and other ranks in the Pakistan Army , Navy , Air Force , and various paramilitary forces under federal control such as the Frontier Corps , the Frontier Constabulary and the Pakistan Rangers . Although ranked below the Sitara - i - Jurat on the order of precedence , the Tamgha - i - Jurat is in reality the NCO and other rank equivalent of it , as the Sitara - i - Jurat is only awarded to officers , junior commissioned officers and warrant officers . As such it may be considered equivalent to the Military Medal under the old Commonwealth honours system and the Silver Star in the United States honours system . List of Recipients . Pak Army Pakistan Air Force Posthumous 1965 Gallantry 1965 Posthumous 1971 Gallantry 1971 Gallantry 2006