naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alexandrov Kremlin The tsar ’ s residence in the Alexandrovskaya village ( also known as the Alexandrovsky Kremlin ) is an old Russia n fortress which served as the actual capital of the " oprichnina " in the Moscow state from 1564 until 1581 . It was situated on the current territory of the city of Alexandrov , Vladimir Oblast . History . Alexandrovskaya village dates back to the middle of the 14th century . Grand Duke Vasily III had a country palace built there and used to bring his family and the entire court to it . The palace did not survive . The Pokrovsky ( Intercession of the Virgin ) cathedral was sanctified in 1513 and later it was blessed anew as the Trinity ( Troitsky ) Cathedral . Its appearance has changed somewhat since the 16th century ; some of the architectural details such as windows , e . g . , belong to a later period . Originally , red brick and white stone were used in the outer decoration of the cathedral but brick parts were later painted over . Some of the interior fresco paintings date back to the 14th century as do the white stone carvings in the interior portals . Ivan the Terrible moved to the Alexandrovskaya fortress in 1565 . The residence was immediately fortified with a bulwark , wooden walls , and a moat . The village became the actual capital of the country . The oprichnina was founded there and the march on the Novgorod Republic started from the village . As Novgorod was looted Ivan brought the famous gates of its St . Sophia Cathedral ( 1336 ) to the village and had them installed at the southern entrance of the Assumption ( Trinity ) cathedral . The gates combine religious and fantastic subjects ; there is , for instance , the image of a centaur . The gates were made with the use of the old technique in which the door was first carved and then rubbed with a mixture of liquid gold and mercury . The western entrance was embellished with the old ( 1344 - 1358 ) doors that Ivan had removed from the Transfiguration ( Spaso - Preobrazhensky ) church in Tver . An etched picture of the Holy Trinity is still preserved on one of the doors . The Alexandovsky Kremlin was also the place where the tsar received ambassadors from many countries of Europe , such as Sweden , Denmark , Austria , England , and Rzeczpospolita . The tsar left the fortress in 1581 and never returned there again . The Assumption ( Uspensky ) nunnery was opened on its territory in the second half of the 17th century . During Soviet times the fortress and the former nunnery were used as a museum . At present , the territory of the Kremlin is shared by a museum and the revived nunnery .
242nd Battalion , CEF The 242nd Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Montreal , Quebec , the unit began recruiting sometime in mid - 1916 in Montreal and the surrounding district . The unit was absorbed into the Canadian Forestry Corps while still in Canada . The 242nd Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . J . B . White .
Nuclear depth bomb A Nuclear Depth Bomb ( NDB ) is the nuclear equivalent of the conventional depth charge and can be used in Anti - Submarine Warfare ( ASW ) for attacking submerged submarines . The British Royal Navy , Soviet Navy and United States Navy had nuclear depth bombs in their arsenals at one point . Due to the use of a nuclear warhead of much greater explosive power than that of the conventional depth charge , the Nuclear Depth Bomb considerably increases the likelihood ( to the point of near certainty ) of the destruction of the attacked submarine . Because of this much greater power some NDBs feature a variable yield , whereby the explosive energy of the device may be varied between a low setting for use in shallow or coastal waters , and a high yield for deep water open - sea use . This is intended to minimize damage to peripheral areas and shipping .
Ronald McClintock Major Ronald Saint Clair McClintock ( born 13 July 1898 - 22 June 1922 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . McClintock was originally a second lieutenant in the West Lancashire Brigade before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps . He began as an observer gunner in 2 Squadron in December 1915 . He then became a pilot . In July 1917 , he was posted to 64 Squadron as a flight commander . He drove down an LVG reconnaissance on 18 March 1918 . He followed this up by destroying two German fighters on 23 March , another recon plane on the 24th , and an Albatros D . V on 2 April . He took command of 3 Squadron later that month . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Department of the Army Meritorious Civilian Service Award The Meritorious Civilian Service Award is the second highest award granted by the Secretary of the Army or a major Army commander to civilian personnel . It consists of a medal , lapel button , and citation certificate . Nominees must have established a pattern of excellence , normally demonstrated by the receipt of lower level awards . The award is comparable to the military Legion of Merit . Eligibility . Eligibility is determined by measuring contributions against the following example levels of achievement : Description . The medal of the award is a bronze disc , 38 mm in diameter . On the obverse in the center is a bald eagle similar to the Great Seal of the United States . The reverse of the medal is inscribed " FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MERITORIOUS CIVILIAN SERVICE - - TO . " The edge on both sides is surrounded by a laurel wreath . The medal is suspended from an ultramarine blue ribbon 35 mm in width with three thin white stripes in the center of the ribbon .
Etal Castle Etal Castle is a medieval English castle situated at Etal , Cornhill on Tweed , Northumberland , England . It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade I listed building . The castle was founded by the Manners family in the late 12th century . In 1341 , nobleman and doctor Robert de Manners received license to crenellate his manor , permitting him to re - designate it as a " castle " . During this time the Castle was renowned as a destination for pilgrims seeking medical and dental treatment from its owner . Sir Robert de Manners performed one of the earliest English translations from the Arabic of the " Taqwim al - Sihhah " , an 11th - century medical text by Ibn Butlan , and was known throughout the region as a healer . The Manners family often feuded with the Heron family of nearby castle of Ford . In 1428 Sir William Heron led an attack on Etal Castle and was killed in the process . In 1513 , an army of 30 , 000 Scots led by James IV invaded England and took the Castle . The invaders were then defeated in the battle of Flodden . The castle had been abandoned as a residence in the 15th century following the marriage or Sir Robert Manners to Eleanor de Ros , heiress of Baron de Ros , and the family moved to Belvoir . Sir Robert ' s son George became the 12th Baron Ros in 1512 and his grandson Thomas was created 1st Earl of Rutland in 1525 . A survey of 1542 found the castle to be in a very great state of decay . Etal Castle is currently owned by English Heritage .
AEG PE The AEG PE ( " Panzer Einsitzer " - " armoured one - seater " ) was a triplane ground - attack aircraft of World War I , one of the first aircraft to be designed from the outset for that role . It was rejected by the " Idflieg " because it was felt that its poor maneuverability made it too vulnerable to enemy fighters .
HMS A8 HMS " A8 " was an early Royal Navy submarine . She was a member of Group Two of the first British A - class of submarines ( a second , much different A - class submarine appeared towards the end of the Second World War ) . Like the other members of her class , she was built at Vickers Barrow - in - Furness . She sank with the loss of 15 crew as a result of an accident whilst running on the surface in Plymouth Sound on 8 June 1905 . A sudden dip in the bow caused the submarine to be swamped through the hatch in the conning tower . She was salvaged four days after the accident at which point a loose rivet was found in the bow plating . The submarine was then repaired and recommissioned and used for training during the First World War along with A9 as part of the First Submarine Flotilla , operating near Devonport through early 1916 . She was scrapped in October 1920 at Dartmouth .
Donald P . Dunbar Donald P . Dunbar is a Major general ( United States ) in the United States Air National Guard and is the Adjutant General of Wisconsin . Career . Dunbar joined the Air Force in August 1983 and trained at Reese Air Force Base . Later he would compile over 3 , 000 flying hours , flying in a Boeing B - 52 Stratofortress , Boeing KC - 135 Stratotanker , Fairchild C - 26 Metroliner , McDonnell Douglas DC - 10 , Cessna T - 37 Tweet , Northrop T - 38 Talon , and Cessna T - 41 Mescalero . He first came to Wisconsin in March 2005 to command the 128th Air Refueling Wing of the Wisconsin Air National Guard . Following a tour of duty in the Iraq War , Dunbar was named Adjutant General of Wisconsin by Jim Doyle in 2007 . Awards Dunbar has received include the Legion of Merit , the Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters , the Air Medal , the Air Force Commendation Medal , the Air Force Achievement Medal , the Army Achievement Medal , the Joint Meritorious Unit Award , the Meritorious Unit Award , the Air Force Organization Excellence Award the Combat Readiness Medal with one silver oak leaf cluster and two bronze oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Recognition Ribbon , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal with two service stars , the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal , the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , the Armed Forces Service Medal with four bronze service stars , the Humanitarian Service Medal , the Air Force Overseas Ribbon , the Air Force Expeditionary Service Ribbon with gold border and three oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Longevity Service Award with oak leaf cluster , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with hourglass device and mobilization device with a 7 award numeral , the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon , the Air Force Training Ribbon , and the NATO Medal .
Second Battle of Gao The Second Battle of Gao was the scene of fighting between Islamist MOJWA fighters and Malian / French forces . Capture of Gao . On 27 January 2013 , French forces attacked and successfully took Gao out of Islamists hands after they launched an offensive on the city with helicopter gunships and airstrikes . A total of 2 French soldiers were wounded and more than 25 Islamists were killed . According to the spokesman of the General Staff of the French Army Thierry Burkhard , the jihadist ' s MUJAO tried to defend the bridge over the River Niger but were chased away by French special forces on the night of January 25 to 26 , 15 Islamists were killed in the confrontation . The French took control of the bridge after " brief but intense clashes " . During this confrontation , a pickup truck , loaded with explosives was driven by two suicide bombers and tried to kill the French troops , but it was destroyed by fire from special forces . Once the bridge at Wabaria was under control , French and Malian soldiers took the airport of Gao unopposed . The city , located 6 km from the airport , however , was not immediately attacked . On January 26 , the troops waited for reinforcements , a convoy of 350 Malian soldiers and a unit of French troops before continuing on Gao . The spokesman of the General Staff said at the time : " there is no fighting to speak of but there was sporadic harassment by terrorist elements . " On the 26th , a convoy of over 100 vehicles , stretching 10 kilometers moved on Gao . However , at four o ' clock in the morning , a French vehicle falls into the crater caused by the explosion of the truck bomber , one soldier is injured . The men of MUJAO retreat but are attacked to the north of the city by a Tiger helicopter during the night of 26 to 27 . Two vehicles were destroyed and 10 of the occupants were killed according to Colonel Thierry Burkhard
Alexander Windsor , Earl of Ulster Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor , Earl of Ulster ( born 24 October 1974 ) , also known as Alex Ulster , is the only son of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester . He is in the line of succession to the British throne . As the heir - apparent of the Duke of Gloucester , he is accorded the courtesy title " Earl of Ulster " . Education and career . Lord Ulster was educated at Eton College , King ' s College London where he obtained a BA degree in War Studies in 1996 , and at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . Ulster was commissioned into the King ' s Royal Hussars on 10 April 1998 as a subaltern ( second lieutenant ) with seniority from 14 April 1995 . He was given the service number 548299 . He was promoted to subaltern ( lieutenant ) on 10 April 1998 with seniority from 14 April 1997 . He was promoted to captain on 16 October 2000 . He saw active service in Northern Ireland , Kosovo in 2002 , and then Iraq . He served in the MND ( SE ) as an Information Operations staff officer . In Basra he was responsible for advising on divisional level KLE , monitoring atmospherics within the city and advising on the communications strategy pertinent to the hand - over of Basra Palace . On 14 January 2003 , he transferred from a Short Service Commission to an Intermediate Regular Commission . On 28 April 2008 , he was appointed to the Reserve of Officers , signalling his retirement from the British Army , in the rank of acting major . Since leaving the army , he has been Director of Transnational Crisis Project , as Alex Ulster . Family life . Ulster was married on 22 June 2002 to Claire Booth , a physician , in the Queen ' s Chapel , St . James ' s Palace , London . The couple have two children : Ulster is 23rd in the line of succession to the British Throne since July 2013 . He has been seen more rarely in the public eye than his two sisters , Lady Davina Lewis and Lady Rose Gilman . He was however seen prominently throughout the Diamond Jubilee service at St Paul ' s Cathedral on 5 June 2012 , being seated directly behind Queen Elizabeth II .
USS Holder ( DE - 401 ) USS " Holder " ( DE - 401 ) was an " Edsall " - class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Randolph Mitchell Holder ( a naval aviator who was reported missing during the Battle of Midway ) , she was the first of two U . S . Naval vessels to bear the name . History . " Holder " was launched by Brown Shipbuilding of Houston , Texas 27 November 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Annette Holder , mother of Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Holder ; and commissioned 18 January 1944 with Lieutenant Commander G . Cook in command . After completion of her shakedown cruise , " Holder " departed 24 March escorting a convoy bound for Mediterranean ports . Proceeding along the coast of Algeria the convoy was followed 10 and 11 April by German planes and just before midnight 11 April it was attacked by torpedo bomber s . " Holder " and the other escorts immediately opened fire and began making smoke , but a torpedo struck the escort vessel amidships on the port side , causing two heavy explosions . Though fires spread and flooding was serious , " Holder ' s " crew remained at their guns to drive off the attackers without damage to the convoy . Alert damage control kept the ship seaworthy and she arrived in tow at Oran for repairs . There it was decided to tow her to New York , where she arrived safely 9 June 1944 . " Holder " decommissioned at New York Navy Yard 13 September 1944 , and was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 23 September 1944 . A 95 ' - long section of the stern portion of " Holder ' s " hull was used to repair the USS " Menges " ( DE - 320 ) ; the remainder was sold for scrap to John A . Witte , Station Island , New York on 19 June 1947 . Honors . " Holder " received one battle star for World War II service .
No . 524 Squadron RAF No . 524 Squadron was a Royal Air Force Coastal Command aircraft squadron that operated during the Second World War . History . No . 524 Squadron was formed at RAF Oban , Argyll and Bute in Scotland on 20 October 1943 to operate the Martin Mariner flying boat . The squadron ' s role was to introduce the Mariner into RAF service . By the end of 1943 the aircraft was ready for operations but the RAF had decided not to operate the type and the squadron was disbanded on either 7 December 1943 or 29 January 1944 . The squadron was reformed at RAF Davidstow Moor on 7 April 1944 to operate the Vickers Wellington . The squadron carried out night operations of the French coast in preparation for D - Day , mainly attacking E - boats and submarines but also other shipping . It also provided escort to Coastal Command Beaufighter s carrying out night strikes . After the Normandy Invasion the squadron moved to the east of England to RAF Docking in a similar role along the Dutch coast . The squadron also directed surface vessels to attack enemy shipping . With the end of the war approaching the squadron was disbanded on either 25 May 1945 or on 25 June 1945 at RAF Langham , the appointment of S / Ldr . Willis pointing to the latter .
AMR - 2 The AMR - 2 ( Anti Materiel Rifle - 2 ) is a 12 . 7mm Sniper Rifle developed in China as an anti - materiel sniper rifle , introduced in early 2000s . Designed and developed by China South Industries Group , the rifle uses bolt - action and a conventional design . The AMR - 2 fires 12 . 7x108mm sniper rifle cartridge from a 5 - round box detachable magazine fitted directly ahead of the trigger group . The barrel is free - floated and has a large double baffle muzzle brake to mitigate recoil .
Carolyn Stait Commodore Carolyn J Stait CBE ( born 1957 ) is a retired officer of the Royal Navy , and was from 2004 to 2007 the first woman to command a Naval Base in Britain . As Commander of HMNB Clyde in Scotland , the home of the UK ' s nuclear deterrent at the Faslane Naval Base , Stait was the first woman to be selectively promoted to the rank of Commodore in direct competition with male officers : no woman has held a higher rank in the Royal Navy to date . Personal life . Stait was born in Birmingham , the daughter of physicist Harold Stait and Kathleen ( née Hooper ) . She attended King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Girls , leaving in 1975 with four A Levels . She joined the Navy intending to use the career as a route into the diplomatic service , later embracing a lifetime Naval career instead . In interviews during 2004 Stait said that she had a boyfriend who worked as an independent travel writer . Career . Stait began her Naval career in 1975 as a Cadet Wren , working as a weapons analyst at the Culdrose facility in Cornwall . She passed out of officer training at the Britannia Royal Naval College in 1977 and was appointed a Probationary Third Officer ( Sub - Lieutenant ) on 26 July , taking up a post as an Admiral ' s PA . Her rank was confirmed on 26 April 1978 . Stait was promoted Second Officer ( Lieutenant ) on 1 April 1980 , and proceeded to posts in the Ministry of Defence and as Flag Lieutenant in Gibraltar . She was promoted First Officer ( Lieutenant Commander ) on 1 April 1988 , before attending the Staff Course in 1989 . She was promoted Commander in 1995 and spent a first two - year period at Faslane as the Executive Officer of HMS " Neptune " at HMNB Clyde . She was promoted Captain on 31 December 1998 , and appointed Personal Staff Officer to the Second Sea Lord in HMNB Portsmouth . In the 1999 Queen ' s Birthday Honours Stait was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire . Later she was appointed Deputy Director of Naval Manning from where she was promoted to Commodore on 22 June 2004 , before returning to Faslane as Base Commander . Stait stood down as Base Commander at Faslane in autumn 2007 ; and was succeeded by Commodore Christopher Hockley . She was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2008 New Year ' s Honours List .
Arizona World War II Army Airfields During World War II , the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) established numerous airfields in Arizona for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers . Most of these airfields were under the command of Fourth Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command ( AAFTC ) ( A predecessor of the current - day United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command ) . However , the other USAAF support commands ( Air Technical Service Command ( ATSC ) ; Air Transport Command ( ATC ) or Troop Carrier Command ) commanded a significant number of airfields in a support roles . It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields . Many were converted into municipal airports , some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front - line bases during the Cold War . Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today , and are being used for other purposes . Major Airfields . Air Transport Command Fourth Air Force Air Technical Service Command Army Air Forces Training Command Army Air Forces Training Command
Vincenzo Anastagi Vincenzo Anastagi ( died 1585 ) was an Italian Knight of Rhodes who participated in the Siege of Malta ( 1565 ) . He had joined the Knights two years before the siege . Sallying with about a hundred cavalry from Mdina , he led a surprise cavalry charge against the poorly guarded Turkish camp on August 7 , while the main Turkish force was engaged in an assault on Birgu and Senglea . The assault would have likely succeeded were it not for the intervention of Anastagi ' s cavalry that created a confusion in the Turkish rear . In the words of a modern historian : " Malta survived on 7 August purely through Anastagi ' s lucky strike " . In 1585 he was nominated as Captain of the Galera Capitana , but then murdered by two fellow knights . His portrait was painted by El Greco sometime between 1571 and 1576 .
James Q . Reber James Q . Reber ( July 16 , 1911 – January 16 , 2003 ) was the second Deputy Director of the National Reconnaissance Office ( DDNRO ) . Reber earned a Doctor of Philosophy Degree in International Relations at the University of Chicago in 1939 . In 1943 , he began his government career with State Department , as a foreign affairs and economic specialist . He later joined the Central Intelligence Agency in 1950 , and did various planning and coordination activities until 1957 . In 1955 , Reber became the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Requirements Committee ( ARC ) , thereby assuming a major leadership role in the national reconnaissance community . The ARC developed prioritized lists of intelligence requirements and U - 2 targets during overflights of the Soviet Union . When the committee was taken over by the United States Intelligence Board in 1960 and renamed the Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance ( COMOR ) , he continued as chairman . Activities of the COMOR eventually morphed into prioritzing targets for early imaging satellite missions . Reber served as DDNRO from 1 September 1965 to 30 June 1969 . He was instrumental in fostering an effective working relationship between the CIA and Department of Defense in the early days of the NRO and the National Reconnaissance Program . After his time at the NRO , Dr . Reber became the Chairman of the USIB ' s Signals Intelligence ( SIGINT ) Committee , retiring from government service in July 1972 . Reber was also an amateur photographer and outdoorsman whose 1974 book , " Potomac Portrait " , collects together his photographs taken while hiking and kayaking the furthest reaches of the Potomac River . Reber died on January 16 , 2003 .