naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Germs : Biological Weapons and America ' s Secret War Germs : Biological Weapons and America ' s Secret War ( 2001 ) is a Simon & Schuster - published book describing biological weapons , how humanity has dealt with them , and our present capabilities of handling bioterrorism . It was written by " The New York Times " journalists Judith Miller , Stephen Engelberg , and William Broad and was the 2001 " New York Times " # 1 Non - Fiction Bestseller the weeks of October 28 and November 4 . Overview . The nonfiction book , " Germs " , is a work of investigative journalism using biography and historical narratives to present issues . The three authors ' research is extensive , relying upon hundreds of interviews with scientists and senior U . S . officials , reviews of recently declassified documents , and reports from the former Soviet Union ' s bioweapons laboratories . Summary . The book begins by recounting the 1984 salmonella poisoning in The Dalles , Oregon , caused by the followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh spraying salmonella onto salad bars . There are several revelations , including how Moscow ' s scientists created an untraceable germ that could instruct the body to self destroy , and U . S . military plans of germ weaponry attacking Cuba in the 1960s . There are descriptions of three classified U . S . biodefence projects : Project Bacchus , Project Clear Vision , and Project Jefferson . " Germs " ends with a review of the United States ' s ability to deter future bio - attack . Contents . 1 . The Attack 2 . Warrior 3 . Revelations 4 . Saddam 5 . Secrets and Lies 6 . The Cult 7 . Evil Empire 8 . Break Through 9 . Taking Charge 10 . The President 11 . Defenders 12 . The Future Reviews . " The New York Times Book Review " was favorable , though it criticized the book ' s tone as " somewhat alarmist " . " BusinessWeek ' s " review also generally favorable , though it mentioned some conflicted views on bioterrorism . In " The Guardian " ' s book review by British psychiatrist Simon Wessely , he cautioned against panic , stating that biological weapons can produce destruction through fear , giving the biodefense industry " the equivalent of a blank cheque " . Adaptations . On November 13 , 2001 , the science TV series " Nova " aired an episode entitled " Bioterror " . Two years in the making , it chronicled Miller , Engelberg , and Broad ' s research and investigation into biological weapons .
Cohors II Gallorum Dacica equitata Cohors secunda Gallorum Dacica equitata ( " 2nd part - mounted Cohort of Gauls in Dacia " ) was a Roman auxiliary regiment which contained both infantry and cavalry contingents . It was probably originally raised in Gallia Lugdunensis ( northern France ) during the rule of the founder - emperor , Augustus ( r . 30 BC - AD 14 ) . The regiment is first attested in Dacia ( Romania ) in 109 , shortly after the end of the Dacian Wars ( 101 - 106 ) and thus probably participated in those wars . Its last datable attestation is from 179 , still in Dacia Superior . Its later fate is unknown . The regiment was previously known as " II Gallorum Pannonica " to distinguish it from another " II Gallorum " , which became known as " cohors II Gallorum Macedonica " , a purely infantry regiment . The title " Dacica " first appears in the record in 156 . The full name of just one " praefectus " ( regimental commander ) survives : Publius Licinius Maximus , from an undatable inscription on a dedicatory stone at Alhambra in Spain , which may have been his home region . Also attested ( 144 ) is a Thracian " eques " ( ranker cavalryman ) , whose name is only partially preserved .
USS Reign ( AM - 288 ) " Reign " ( AM - 288 ) was an Admirable - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built at the General Engineering & Dry Dock Company , of Alameda , California and completed in 1946 , but she was never commissioned . " Reign " remained in the Pacific Reserve Fleet until struck from the Navy list 1 November 1959 . During that time , however , she was redesignated MSF - 288 on 7 February 1955 .
Eric Muhsfeldt SS - Oberscharführer Eric Muhsfeldt , also Eric Mußfeldt or Mussfeld ( 18 February 1913 – 28 January 1948 ) was a Nazi German war criminal , non - commissioned SS - officer in two extermination camps in occupied Poland including SS - Sonderkommando at Auschwitz as well as at the Majdanek concentration camp during World War II . He was arrested , tried by the Supreme National Tribunal at the Auschwitz Trial of 1947 in Kraków , and sentenced to death for crimes against humanity . He was executed by hanging on 28 January 1948 . Muhsfeldt was born on 18 February 1913 . At the time of his service in the SS Totenkopfverbande he was reportedly married with one son . The fate of his wife is unknown . According to Miklós Nyiszli , his wife was killed in an air raid and his son sent to the Russian front . World War II atrocities . Originally Muhsfeldt served at Auschwitz I in 1940 . He was transferred to the work / extermination camp at Majdanek on 15 November 1941 . He was involved in the final mass shooting of the camp ' s remaining inmates known as the Operation Harvest Festival . " Erntefest " was the largest single - day , single - camp massacre of the Holocaust , totalling 43 , 000 in three nearby locations . When the Majdanek camp was liquidated , he transferred back to Auschwitz , where he then served as supervising SS officer of the Jewish Sonderkommando in Crematorium II and III in Auschwitz II ( Birkenau ) . A committed mass murderer , Muhsfeldt had an unusual relationship at Auschwitz with renowned Jewish - Hungarian pathologist Dr . Miklós Nyiszli , who was forced to carry out autopsies on behalf of Dr Josef Mengele . Dr . Nyiszli survived the war and later gave evidence about what happened at Auschwitz . Dr Nyiszli described one incident when Muhsfeldt came to him for a routine check - up , after shooting 80 prisoners in the back of the head prior to their cremation . Dr . Nyiszli commented that Muhsfeldt ' s blood pressure was high , and inquired as to whether this could be related to the recent increase in ' traffic ' , as the mass murder of newly arrived victims was euphemistically called . Muhsfeldt replied angrily that it made no difference to him , whether he shot one person or eighty . If his blood pressure was too high , it was because he drank too much he said . After the war had ended Muhsfeldt was arrested , tried in Kraków by the Supreme National Tribunal in 1947 , where he was sentenced to death . He was executed by hanging on 28 January 1948 .
850 Squadron RAN 850 Squadron was a short - lived Royal Australian Navy Fleet Air Arm fighter squadron . 850 Squadron was formed at HMAS " Albatross " on 12 January 1953 . Equipped with Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , the Squadron was embarked on HMAS " Sydney " during her post - Korean War patrol of Korean waters in 1953 . It operated briefly out of Hong Kong before returning to Australia in early 1954 where it embarked aboard HMAS " Vengeance " for a short period . It was then was disbanded on 3 August 1954 .
Battle of Gavere The Battle of Gavere was fought near Semmerzake in Belgium on July 23 , 1453 between an army under the Philip the Good of Burgundy and the rebelling city of Ghent . The army of the duke came out victorious and around 16 , 000 citizens of Ghent died . The battle of Gavere was part of the Revolt of Ghent . Background . Ghent was the most populous , rich and powerful city in the Burgundian lands . The battle was a consequence of enduring opposition in Ghent against the high taxes . When the city openly declared its rebellion , the Duke assembled an army of around 30 . 000 from neighbouring lands and brought it to Gavere . When the news reached Ghent , many citizens immediately went out to the battleground , forming an army of a similar size as the duke ' s . In the beginning of the battle Ghent lost most of its artillery because of an explosion , and the battle did not go well . Ghent lost around half of its army , a considerable part of the city ' s population . It was feared the Duke would destroy the city completely , but when asked to show mercy he is said to have replied " If I would destroy this city , who is going to build me one like it ? " The battle broke the power of Ghent only temporarily , as in 1539 there would be another revolt against the high taxes under Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor ( see Revolt of Ghent ( 1539 ) ) .
Battle of Takusa The Battle of Takusa was fought on April 12 , 1853 , between the forces of Kassa Hailu , future Emperor of Ethiopia , and an alliance of several rival warlords . The forces of Hailu ' s enemies were led by Dejazmach Birru Aligaz , who was reinforced by troops sent to him by Wube Haile Maryam under the command of his son , Gwangul Wube . According to Sven Rubenson , this battle is famous " as the battle in which he [ Kassa ] fought four " dejazmaches " and killed two , Dejazmach Birru Aligaz and Belew . " However , Harold Marcus states that Kassa defeated five Dejazmaches , and that Birru was not killed in this battle , but escaped and was captured May 1854 , to remain in captivity for the next 14 years .
Canadian Army Command and Staff College The Canadian Army Command and Staff College ( CACSC ) , formerly the Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College , is a school for officers of the Canadian Forces , specializing in staff and army operations courses . It is located at Fort Frontenac , in Kingston , Ontario , Canada . Members of the Regular Force and Primary Reserve are both trained at the college . Courses delivered by the Canadian Army Command and Staff College include : The tactics - oriented courses are offered as training for operational command and staff duties and generally are a prerequisite for promotion for army officers of all classifications and tactical helicopter pilots . The college is also the army ' s formation operations centre of excellence and is responsible for preparing headquarters for domestic and international deployments . History . The Canadian Army began staff training in England during the Second World War . Staff training moved to Canada , and four - to - six - month courses were delivered for a short time at the Royal Military College of Canada . After the Canadian Army Staff College became a formal part of the Canadian Army , the college moved to Fort Frontenac in 1948 . In 1975 , the college was renamed the " Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College " . In 2011 , the college was renamed the " Canadian Army Command and Staff College " .
National Engineering and Scientific Commission National Engineering and Scientific Commission ( NESCOM ) is a civilian controlled Pakistani scientific and research organization carrying out research in many engineering and scientific areas including information technology , fluid dynamics , aerodynamics , aerospace engineering , electrical engineering , mechanical engineering and chemical engineering , with specialties in the design and production of the communication systems , aerodynamic vehicles , and scientific solution provider to other industries like oil and gas . NESCOM is one of the largest and well known research organization in Pakistan . Under the leadership of noted scientist , Irfan Barney SI , HI , NESCOM has emerged as a respected and well - known organization in other countries as well . Today , NESCOM has about 16 , 000 employees . Some of these scientists and engineers hold Ph . D . degrees earned from reputed foreign universities . NESCOM also has a hospital for its employees and their families and is regarded as among the best in the country . In 2007 it was reported that NESCOM had exported products worth approximately $ 40 million annually to various countries in the Middle East , South East Asia and Africa . According to then Chairman Samar Mubarakmand , NESCOM had developed various communication systems and electronic counter - measures systems for the Pakistan Air Force and Pakistan Navy . Foundation and establishment . Current Full - Time members Mr Irfan Burney — Chairman NESCOM Mr . Anwar Muzaffar ( POP , Si ) — DG ( NDC )
Alamance Battleground Alamance Battleground is a North Carolina State Historic Site commemorating the Battle of Alamance . The historic site is located south of Burlington , Alamance County , North Carolina in the United States . History . The Battle of Alamance was fought in May 1771 as part of the War of the Regulation between the forces of Royal Governor William Tryon and a band of settlers from western North Carolina who were dissatisfied with the leadership provided by the royal governors . Archaeological studies begun in 2009 have also found evidence of a Revolutionary War skirmish that occurred between the Delaware Light Infantry and British General Charles Cornwallis ’ forces on March 5 , 1781 , one of several small battles to occur in the area prior to the Battle of Guilford Courthouse . Evidence was also found of a Civil War era encampment of the 3rd North Carolina Junior Reserve unit under the command of Col . John Hinsdale , who camped on the site shortly before surrendering near High Point to Union forces . Alamance Battleground State Historic Site . The state historic site was established to preserve part of the battleground and provide historical interpretation of the lifestyle of the settlers in 1770s north central North Carolina . Family papers , books , and documents relate the story of the era , providing authentic examples of living on the frontier during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . Grounds . A visitor center at the site allows visitors to view a film and several historical items - including the powder horn of Harmon Cox , the only known surviving archeological relic from the Battle of Alamance , in a small museum . Outside the visitors center is a 3 - pounder cannon replica and a map of the battleground site . Outside the visitors center , the grounds are marked with 2 granite monuments . The smaller monument was given as a memorial in 1880 white the larger monument featuring a statue of James Hunter , the so - called " General of the Regulators " , was erected in 1901 . The grounds are crossed by a ¾ mile trail , and key battle positions are marked with pennants as is the Regulator campsite . A smokehouse also stands on the grounds . Alamance Battleground State Historic Site also includes the John Allen House , which family sources suggest was constructed around 1780 . John ' s sister , Amy , was the wife of Herman Husband , an agitator and pamphleteer prominent in the Regulator movement who was present at the Battle of Alamance . Donated by descendants of the family and moved from nearby Snow Camp to the current site , the frontier style , one room log home is furnished with restored , original pieces from the period . Visitors . Guided tours of the Allen House are provided upon request . The visitor center has several exhibits and hosts a twenty - five minute audio - visual program about the battle , the War of the Regulation and what life was like on the frontier of North Carolina . The battleground is largely handicapped accessible . Ten picnic tables are available for use by visitors . A gift shop is located within the visitor ' s center .
First Battle of Cannanore The naval battle of Cannanore ( 1501 / 1502 ) ( First Battle of Cannanore ) was a naval engagement between the Third Portuguese Armada under João da Nova and the naval forces of Calicut , which had been assembled by the Zamorin against the Portuguese in order to prevent their return to Portugal . The battle took over two days between 31 December 1501 and 2 January 1502 , and was the first major Portuguese naval engagement in the Indian Ocean . Although badly outnumbered , da Nova ' s bold tactics , better trained and prepared men and superior weaponry proved decisive for the Portuguese to defeat the blocking force of Calicut , break out of Cannanore , and emerge victorious from the battle . The battle is also historically notable for being one of the earliest recorded deliberate uses of a naval line of battle , and for resolving the battle by cannon alone . These tactics would become increasingly prevalent as navies evolved and began to see ships less as carriers of armed men , and more as floating artillery . In that respect , this has been called the first ' modern ' naval battle ( at least for one side ) . After it , João da Nova returned to Portugal .
Debouch Debouch from French origin meaning to cause to emerge , and is a term used in river , stream , and glacier geography . The term also has a usage in military applications . Geology . In fluvial geomorphology a debouch is when runoff from a small , confined space emerges into a larger , broader space . Common examples are when a stream runs into a river or when a river runs into an ocean . Debouching can generate mass amounts of sediment transport . When a narrow stream travels down a mountain pass into a basin , for example , an alluvial fan will form from the mass deposit of the sediment . The four largest rivers ( the Amazon , the Ganges - Brahmaputra , the Yangtze and the Yellow ) are responsible for 20 % of the global discharge of sediment in to the oceans via debouches . Geography . In fluvial geography , a debouch is a place where a body of water pours forth from a narrow opening . Some examples are : where a river or stream emerges from a narrow constraining landform , such as a defile , into open country or a wider space ; a creek joins a river ; or a stream flows into a lake . Military . In military usage of debouch : as a noun , a fortification at the end of a defile is sometimes known as a debouch ; and as a verb , soldiers emerging from a narrow space are also said to " debouch . "
Waldemar Henrici Waldemar Henrici ( February 3 , 1878 - February 15 , 1950 ) was a Lieutenant General of the German Wehrmacht who commanded a division of the VII Army Corps in the 4th Army during Operation Barbarossa , the German invasion of Russia during the Second World War , and also a leading figure in the Reichsarbeitsdienst . Career . Early life and service . Henrici was born in Bensberg , Cologne , and began his military career in the Prussian Army in 1896 , becoming a lieutenant in 1906 and a captain in 1911 . He was attached to the Prussian War Ministry in 1914 before departing for the front lines as a major in 1916 . Inter - war years . Following the end of the war he worked for the Defence Ministry as a lecturer , reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1921 . He received a doctorate in political science in 1923 with a dissertation entitled " The coal industry in Russia and after the war " . Henrici commanded forces in the Reichswehr in 1932 , becoming a colonel in 1925 . He took command of the 2nd Prussian Infantry Regiment in Olsztyn in 1928 . With the rise of Nazi Germany he became an Arbeitsgauleiters in the Reichsarbeitsdienst . In 1933 he became Secretary of State in the Ministry of Labour and later Reich Commissioner in the Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst . World War II . Henrici rejoined the army in 1939 , and took command of reserve infantry divisions stationed on the Rhine in 1940 . He took part in the initial action again France before being send to Poland to command troops . In 1941 he led forces in Operation Barbarossa , being promoted to lieutenant general in October 1941 . He was wounded the following day and spent two months in hospital before returning from the front to serve in the Ukraine prior to retirement in December 1943 . He died in 1950 in Marktbreit
Fimreite Fimreite was the site of the Battle of Fimreite in 1184 , a naval battle during the civil war era in Norway . Commemoration . In 1984 , a memorial stone was unveiled by King Olav V of Norway to commemorate the 800 - year anniversary of the Battle of Fimreite . The obelisk was erected in the village of Norane in Sogndal . At that time , the historic play " Slaget ved Fimreite " and the composition " Klokkesong " ( 1984 ) by composer Arne Nordheim were performed .
Mark A . McAlister Brigadier General Mark A . McAlister , USA is the former Commanding General of the Soldier Support Institute at Fort Jackson , South Carolina which is responsible for training all of the Army ' s Human Resource and Financial Management soldiers . Education . Mark A . McAlister is a 1981 graduate of Hampton Institute with a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting . He also holds a Master of Business Administration from Indiana University with Finance , Accounting , and Banking majors . His military education includes the Finance Officer Basic and Advanced Courses , Combined Arms and Service Staff School , the United States Army Command and General Staff College , and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces . Military career . He assumed his current assignment as the Commanding General , U . S . Army Soldier Support Institute on 1 July 2009 . Prior to joining the Soldier Support Institute , Brigadier General McAlister was assigned to the Pentagon as Executive Officer to the Assistant Secretary of the Army ( Financial Management and Comptroller ) and Chief of Plans , Programs and Budget Integration . Among his many other assignments , Brigadier General McAlister has served as Commander of the 18th Soldier Support Group ( Airborne ) , Fort Bragg , NC ; Chief of the Army ' s Defense Integrated Military Human Resource System program ; Chief of PERSCOM ’ s Finance Branch ; Commander of the 8th Finance Battalion , Baumholder , Germany ; Executive Officer of the 208th Finance Battalion , Schwetzingen , Germany ; S3 for the 266th Finance Command , Heidelberg , Germany ; Brigade S1 , 175th Theater Finance Command , Korea ; Deputy Finance Officer , 82nd Airborne Division ; and Chief Disbursing Division , Chief Military Pay , and Commander of the 107th Finance Section , Fort Bragg , North Carolina . He has also served at the US Army Finance School , as the Executive Officer to the Chief of the Finance Corps / Commandant , Chief of Combat Development , and Chief of Finance Branch Personnel Proponency , Fort Benjamin Harrison , Indiana . References . Brigadier General Mark A . McAlister , " United States Army " McAlister assumes SSI command from Mustion Army Times , 1 - star selections announced by DoD
Herman Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring ( or Goering ) ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946 was a German politician , military leader , and a leading member of the Nazi Party . He was a veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot , and a recipient of the coveted " Pour le Mérite " , also known as " The Blue Max " . He was the last commander of " Jagdgeschwader " 1 , the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen , " The Red Baron " . In 1935 , Göring was appointed Commander - in - Chief of the " Luftwaffe " ( German : " Air Force " ) , a position he was to hold until the final days of World War II . By mid - 1940 , Göring was at the peak of his power and influence . Adolf Hitler had promoted him to the rank of " Reichsmarschall " , making Göring senior to all other " Wehrmacht " commanders , and in 1941 Hitler designated him as his successor and deputy in all his offices . By 1942 , with the German war effort stumbling on both fronts , Göring ' s standing with Hitler was very greatly reduced . Göring largely withdrew from the military and political scene to enjoy the pleasures of life as a wealthy and powerful man . After World War II , Göring was convicted of war crime s and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials . He was sentenced to death by hanging , but committed suicide by cyanide ingestion the night before he was due to be hanged .