naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Logistics support analysis Logistics Support Analysis ( LSA ) is a structured approach to increase efficiency of maintenance and reduces the cost of providing support by preplanning all aspects of Integrated Logistics Support . A successful LSA will define those support requirements that are ideal for the system design . History . Logistics Support Analysis was codified into a military standard in 1973 with the publication of Military Standard 1388 - 1 . Logistic Support Analysis ( LSA ) guidelines and requirements were established by Department of Defense ( DOD ) Instruction 5000 . 2 , Major System Acquisition Procedures , and DOD Directive 5000 . 39 , Acquisition and Management of Integrated Logistic Support for Systems and Equipment , to create a single , uniform approach by the Military Services to improve supportability of military weapon systems through a disciplined approach to defining the required operational support other Integrated Logistic Support ( ILS ) objectives during the acquisition development phase . 1388 - 1A was updated in 1983 and 1991 before being downgraded from a standard to a best practice on 26 November 1996 . 1388 - 2A was updated in 1991 and 1993 , and was also cancelled as a standard in 1996 . The definitions for the database records of LSA were established by the Logistics Support Analysis Record , MIL - STD - 1388 - 2A , on 20 JULY 84 . In 1986 , the US Army began to transform the paper - intensive LSAR into a desktop application known as “ Computer Aided Logistics Support ” ( CALS ) . The Navy began a similar effort in 1987 . In 1991 , the programs were combined and expanded to all services under the name Joint CALS ( JCALS ) . JCALS was approved for use in August 1998 . Structure . As originally envisioned , the data was structured as a LSA Record ( LSAR ) , as defined by MIL - STD - 1388 - 2A ( records ) and MIL - STD - 1388 - 2A ( outputs ) tasks : LSAR output was structured as :
Rüzgar - class fast attack craft The " Rüzgar " class is one of the Fast Attack Craft / Missile Boat classes of the Turkish Navy . Designed by Lürssen Werft in Germany , these ships are almost identical to the " Yıldız " and " Doğan " classes , having the same hull , machinery and weapons ; but are lighter and faster . All four ships of the class were built in Turkey .
Montana in the American Civil War Montana played little direct role in the American Civil War . The closest the Confederate States Army ever came to Montana was New Mexico and eastern Kansas , each over a thousand miles away . Montana was not even an organized territory until Montana Territory was created on May 26 , 1864 , three years after the Battle of Fort Sumter ; in 1861 , it was divided between the Dakota Territory and the Washington Territory , and in 1863 , it was part of the Idaho Territory . Nevertheless , Confederate soldiers did have a presence in what is now the U . S . state of Montana . Those in the Montana Territory who supported the Confederate side were varied . Among them were Confederate soldiers who were determined that some of Montana ' s gold would go into the Southern instead of Northern coffers . But most were those who would rather not fight in the war , which ranged from pure drifters to actual Confederate deserters . In southwest Montana , Madison County residents of the area native to the Southeast United States wished to name their new town Varina , in honor of Varina Davis , the wife of the Confederate President Jefferson Davis . The Varina Townsite Company , on June 16 , 1863 , went to confirm the of land as the town of Varina . However , when they applied for the name , the judge — Connecticut native Dr . G . G . Bissell — refused , saying they would be " damned " before he would allow the town to be named for the first lady of the Confederacy . Bissell did say he would allow the company to name the town after the state of Virginia , and they did so , incorporating the town of Virginia City . Charles Dickens even mentioned it in his book " All the Year Round " . The town would remain sympathetic to the South , even after being named the capital of Montana . When boats sailed down the Yellowstone River from the town , the local newspaper said they were sailing to " America . " The loyalty towards the Confederacy concerned many supporters of the Union . Seeing this , Sidney Edgerton in 1863 went quickly to see Abraham Lincoln about the situation , and this was one impetus to create the Montana Territory so quickly . Gold mining in Montana began during the Civil War ; gold placer deposit s were discovered at Bannack in 1862 . The resulting gold rush resulted in more placer discoveries , including those at Virginia City in 1863 and at Helena and Butte in 1864 . Gold from the Montana gold mines went to both sides of the conflict . In Broadwater County , in the central portion of the state , Confederate soldiers found a vein of gold eight miles ( 13 km ) west of Townsend , with the immediate area named " Confederate Gulch " in their honor . It was said to be among the " largest and richest of the placer diggings " within the state .
Hugo Borchardt Hugo Borchardt ( June 6 , 1844 – May 8 , 1924 ) was a firearms inventor and engineer , born in Magdeburg , Germany . He is known for his inventions of the Borchardt C - 93 pistol and the Sharps - Borchardt Model 1878 rifle . In 1860 he emigrated to the United States , and by 1872 he was Superintendent of Works for Pioneer Breech - Loading Arms Co . of Trenton , Mass . . In 1874 he became a foreman for Singer Sewing Machine Co . , then was employed by Colt ' s Patent Firearms Manufacturing Co . , later went to Winchester Repeating Arms Co . , and then was Superintendent and Treasurer for the Sharps Rifle Co . on June 1 , 1876 . After the dissolution of the Sharps Rifle Co . in 1881 , Borchardt returned to Budapest where he was employed by Fegyver és Gépgyár Részvénytársaság and by 1890 gained the position of works director . While here , he married Aranka Herczog . His return in Europe was interrupted by a short stay ( 1890 – 92 ) in the United States as a consultant to Remington Arms in relation to the development of the Lee rifle for the U . S Army trials . By 1893 Borchardt had an association with Ludwig Loewe & Company of Berlin , Germany , a manufacturer of machine tools , to produce the C - 93 , a semi - automatic pistol that he had invented based upon the Maxim toggle - lock principle . He also developed the 7 . 65x25mm Borchardt cartridge around which the C - 93 was built . Hugo Borchardt had many non - firearms patents : a rock drill , a shirt - neck shaper , gas burners , ball - bearings , a wire - straightener , and various electrical apparatus . Borchardt died of pneumonia in Berlin - Charlottenburg in 1924 . Firearms Patents . U . S . Germany British
Admiralty Yard Craft Service The Admiralty Yard Craft Service was the civilian service which operated auxiliary vessels for the British Admiralty , mainly in HM Dockyard s or the vicinity . It was renamed the Port Auxiliary Service ( PAS ) between 1960 and 1962 , and later the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service after 1970 . The service operated tugs , harbour ferries , launches , and lighters . Although some of its tugs were classified as ocean - going , it did not operate ocean - going supply vessels , which were the responsibility of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . The Yard Craft Service crews answered to the Captain ' s Department in each dockyard . The Fleet Coaling Service and the Admiralty Dredging Service were separate , but closely related , services . Ratings and engineers often transferred freely between vessel s of the three services , although masters and mates had to be rated individually on each of the three types of vessel . The Fleet Coaling Service , renamed the Fleet Fuelling Service sometime between 1914 and 1926 , operated harbour and coastal vessels carrying coal and fuel oil to Royal Navy vessels . Its masters did not have to be so highly qualified as the masters of the other two services and were paid considerably lower salaries . The Dredging Service was originally part of the Admiralty Works Department , but later transferred to the Civil Engineer - in - Chief ' s Department ( between 1914 and 1926 ) . By 1947 , the other two services had fully amalgamated into the Yard Craft Service . Vessels of the Service flew the Blue Ensign defaced by the yellow Admiralty anchor badge . Ranks / Ratings . Rated in ascending order of pay scales . 1926 . In 1925 , all Masters ( except Coaling Masters ) , Mates , and Engineers 1st and 2nd Class were authorised to wear uniforms . 1947 . In 1947 , there was a reorganisation . From 1947 , the non - salaried grades were as follows : These grades were still extant in 1962 . 1970 . By 1970 the grades were :
Charles F . Humphrey Charles F . Humphrey ( Jr . ) ( August 11 , 1876 - January 22 , 1968 ) was a career United States Army officer who served for over 40 years during the first half of the 20th century , retiring as a Brigadier General in 1940 one year before the entry of the United States of America into World War II . In his early career , as a First lieutenant , he received the Distinguished Service Cross for actions against insurgents in the Philippines on August 16 , 1899 . Primarily involved in training , he at one time or another trained and instructed such future legends as George Patton , Dwight Eisenhower , and Omar Bradley . Appointed a Regular Army Colonel in the 1920s , he was one of the top " career " officers in the establishment during a time when America ' s Army was badly underfunded and ranked 16th in the world . Appointed a Brigadier General in the 1930s , Humphrey commanded an Infantry Brigade and also did what he could to convince Army leaders that America would almost certainly be involved in the next coming World War which , by 1935 , was already obviously on the horizon with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan . Humphrey was a strong advocate of better training and equipment ; thoughts which were also voiced by senior Army leaders such as George C . Marshall and Douglas MacArthur . In 1940 , after nearly 42 years in uniform , Humphrey retired but was not called back during World War II as he was at this point over 65 years old . He died in 1968 at Walter Reed Medical Center . He was born into a military family . His father , Major General Charles Frederic Humphrey , Sr . was the first recipient of the Civil War Campaign Medal and also received the Medal of Honor and Distinguished Service Cross . His brother was Brigadier General Evan Harris Humphrey , and another brother was Colonel Marion Bell Humphrey , USMC . He was married to Clara Swift , daughter of Major General Eben Swift .
Taifun Taifun 9M15 ( typhoon ) was a Soviet missile developed to arm the Obiekt 287 missile tank based on the T - 64 tank chassis . The tank was armed with two 73 mm 2A28 low pressure guns mounted either side of a popup missile launcher . Both the guns and the missile launcher were automatically loaded , the guns each being fed from two eight round drums , giving a total of 32 guns rounds and 15 missiles stored in the tank . The missile launch platform was vertically stabilised , allowing the vehicle to move at low speed and fire . The guns were remotely controlled by the gunner and commander from the front of the hull . The Taifun missile had a body diameter of 140 mm . It was fitted with a dual purpose warhead with a HEAT shaped charge capable of penetrating 500 mm of armour , and a fragmentation effect roughly equivalent to a 100 mm HE - FRAG shell . The missile was MCLOS radio command guided from the tank . The missile had an engagement envelope of between 500 and 4000 m . Tests were conducted in April 1964 , during which the tank performed poorly , and as a result the tank and missile were not accepted for service .
Ministry of Defence ( Singapore ) The Ministry of Defence ( Abbreviation : MINDEF ; Chinese : 新加坡国防部 ; ; ) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore entrusted with overseeing the national defence needs of the Republic of Singapore . It is the headquarters of the Singapore Armed Forces . It has a policy of " Total Defence " which consists of Military Defence , Civil Defence , Economic Defence , Social Defence and Psychological Defence . History . The Ministry of Defence , together with the Ministry of Home Affairs was created on 11 August 1970 by splitting up the then - Ministry of Interior and Defence . Mission . The SAF ' s declared mission statement is to " enhance Singapore ' s peace and security through deterrence and diplomacy , and should these fail , to secure a swift and decisive victory over the aggressor . " Defence policy . The aim of MINDEF ' s defence policy is to ensure that Singapore enjoys peace and stability , and that Singapore ' s sovereignty and territorial integrity are protected . Hence , diplomacy and deterrence form the twin pillars of defence . MINDEF develops and maintains good relations with other countries through diplomacy . These diplomatic efforts are wide - ranging and span many fields , not just in defence . At the same time , deterrence is presented by contributing to regional resilience and through the concept of Total Defence . " Defending Singapore In The 21st Century " states that two key thrusts in the coming years will be to : As Singapore ' s neighbouring nations continue to evolve , they recognise the value of efforts to promote confidence - building , co - operation and dialogue on issues of common security concern . MINDEF thus develops extensive links with armed forces in the region and beyond . In addition , the SAF can also aim to help promote greater understanding and trust among regional and extra - regional armed forces by leveraging on these links to help strengthen bilateral and multilateral defence co - operation and dialogue , and participating in confidence - building efforts . In light of a new security environment , Singapore faces a diverse range of new and unconventional threats . To tackle these challenges , all five tenets of Total Defence will thus be strengthened . The SAF will continue to maintain its conventional capabilities to ensure that the military component of Total Defence remains strong . At the same time , it will work more closely with other government agencies to develop an effective defence against new security challenges , especially the non - traditional threats that may arise .
Egyptian Air Defense Forces The Egyptian Air Defense Command or EADC ( , " " ) , is Egypt ' s military command responsible for air defense , part of the Military of Egypt . Egypt patterned its Air Defense Force ( ADF ) after the Soviet Air Defence Forces , which integrated all its air defense capabilities – antiaircraft guns , rocket and missile units , interceptor planes , and radar and warning installations . The Commander in Chief is Lieutenant General Abd Al - Moniem Al - Terras It consists of 30 , 000 officers & soldiers plus 40 , 000 conscripts . History . After most of the country ' s aircraft was destroyed on ground by Israel during the Six - Day War in 1967 , the military placed responsibility for air defense under one commander , the results of which proved positive by the air defense ' s performance in the 1973 Yom Kippur War . Weaponry . It is undergoing extensive modernization with bugdetary constraints being the only hindrance to what was once dubbed by Israeli air force generals during the 1973 Ramadan ( Yom Kippur ) war as " the most extensive and sophisticated air - defense system in the world after the one defending the U . S . S . R . . . " . Currently , it is believed to possess the following weaponry : Modern low , medium and high altitude SAMs of American , French , Russian design or local license built , including : Field Point Defense Surface to Air Systems . Brigade and Battalion level SAM . By the end of 2008 , With the Support of The United - States ( through FMF and private contractors \ firms ) all missile , radar , observation posts , command and control systems are to be linked into a complex multi - level , national computerized early - warning air defense command ( C3I4 ) via modified EC - 130H Hercules ( modified to AWACS - like specifications ) transport aircraft , EW AWACS " Grumman " E - 2C Hawkeye 2000 , EW ECM Beechcraft 1900 ELINT , underground sheltered - reinforced fiber - optic network .
Gaza Airstrip Gaza Airstrip , also known as Gush Katif Airport , is a small airfield in the Gaza Strip approximately two miles north of the town of Khan Yunis , and adjacent to the UNRWA Khan Younis refugee camp . It is immediately west of the former Israeli settlement of Ganei Tal , and named after the former Israeli settlement area of Gush Katif . It may be on the site of the former RAF Gaza , which was first used as an airstrip in 1941 . Following the destruction of the Yasser Arafat International Airport it is currently the only usable runway in the Gaza Strip . An Israeli air blockade prevents the runway from being used . History . During the Second World War RAF Gaza was used by a number of RAF squadrons , including 33 , 45 , 127 , 208 , 318 and 451 . No . 2 Air Crew Officers School was based on the airfield , and the Greek Training Flight was also based there from 1941 - 1942 . The airfield was used as the Middle East ammunition depot from July to September 1942 . Whether or not RAF Gaza was on the site of the present day Gaza Airstrip is unclear , as it was likely only of a temporary nature . Some sources place RAF Gaza to the southeast of Gaza City although there are no visible remains of the airfield there . After the 1948 Palestinian exodus 35 , 000 refugees took shelter in a camp to the south of the present day airfield . This has become the UNRWA Khan Younis camp . As part of the unilateral disengagement of Israel from Gaza , Jewish settlers were evicted from the Gush Katif area in 2004 and 2005 . In 2004 , the airfield was in a good state of repair . The runway was kept clear , and runway markings were maintained . Following the handover to the Palestinian authorities along with the rest of Gush Katif , the airstrip was no longer maintained . It became partially covered by sand and reduced from a width of 80 ft to approximately 30 ft of usable tarmac , and the 225 ft overrun and backtracking loop at the northwest end became blocked with sand . Present day . The UNRWA Khan Younis refugee camp is adjacent to and south of the airfield , and the UNRWA Khan Younis Vocational Training Centre , built in 2007 , is immediately south of the runway . The camp houses over 68 , 000 refugees . In 2010 the main 2 , 625 ft runway was still sufficiently clear to be used , due to its use as access to UNRWA Khan Younis . Following the destruction of the runway of Gaza Airport in 2002 , Gaza Airstrip is the only remaining runway in the Gaza Strip . Although the runway is short compared to Gaza Airport , with the tarmac overrun at the northwest end of the runway cleared of sand it is potentially long enough for STOL airliners such as the DHC - 7 to operate safely . 500 ft of open ground beyond the overrun could be used to extend the runway .
Charles F . Mercer Charles Fenton Mercer ( June 16 , 1778 – May 4 , 1858 ) was a nineteenth - century politician , U . S . Congressman , and lawyer from Loudoun County , Virginia . The youngest son of James Mercer and Eleanor Mercer , he was the first cousin of Robert Selden Garnett and James Mercer Garnett , both also members of Congress . Born in Fredericksburg , Virginia , Mercer graduated from Princeton College in 1797 , where he later took a postgraduate course and received his degree in 1800 . He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1802 , commencing practice in Aldie , Virginia , a village that he founded in 1810 , centering around Mercer ' s mill . He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1810 to 1817 and was appointed a lieutenant colonel of a Virginia regiment in the War of 1812 . Mercer was later promoted to major in command at Norfolk , Virginia , was inspector general in 1814 , aide - de - camp to Governor James Barbour and brigadier general in command of the 2nd Virginia Brigade . He was projector and first president of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co . from 1828 to 1833 and was a delegate to the in 1829 . Mercer was elected a Federalist , Crawford Republican , Adams Republican , Anti - Jacksonian and Whig to the United States House of Representatives in 1816 , serving from 1817 to 1839 . There , he served as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals from 1831 to 1839 . He was one of the originators of the plan for establishing the Free State of Liberia , and in that context one of the founders of the American Colonization Society in 1816 , was vice president of the Virginia Colonization Society in 1836 , and vice president of the National Society of Agriculture in 1842 . Mercer died at Howard , near Alexandria , Virginia , on May 4 , 1858 and was interred in Union Cemetery in Leesburg , Virginia .
Glen - class tug ( 1943 ) The Glen class tugs were a class of tugboats of the Royal Canadian Navy built during World War II . There were three designs of tug ; two were of steel - hulled construction and the other was wooden - hulled . Of the 20 of the class built , 16 were of the steel - hulled type ; 11 built by Russel Bros . of Owen Sound , Ontario and 5 by Canadian Dredge & Dock Co . , Kingston , Ontario . Of the four wooden - hulled type ; three were built by McKenzie Barge and Derrick , Vancouver , and one by LeBlanc Shipbuilding , Weymouth , Nova Scotia . All but one - " Glendyne " - were sold into commercial service after the war . Designs . Steel - hulled . The steel - hulled tugs all had the same hull design and dimensions , but were of two types ; the Long House ( Design A ) and the Short House ( Design B ) . The Long House - type had the main deck house extending aft over the engine room , with the bulwarks extending the entire length of the hull . They were powered by an 8 - cylinder diesel engine built by the Vivian Engine Works , Vancouver . The Short House - type had a shorter main deck house with a trunk style house over the engine room , with raised bulwarks forward and aft . They were powered by a 6 - cylinder diesel engine built by the Enterprise Engine & Foundry Company , San Francisco . Wooden - hulled . Three wooden - hulled tugs were built by McKenzie Barge and Derrick of Vancouver , the " Glendevon " , " Glendon " and " Glenholme " . " Glenholme " was completed in 1945 , but was never commissioned into Naval service . The " Glenwood " , built by LeBlanc Shipbuilding , Weymouth , Nova Scotia , was incomplete when the war ended . She was sold to St . John Drydock & Shipbuilding Co . , completed and renamed " Ocean Weka " . Plus five built by Canadian Dredge & Dock Co . , types and names unknown .
40th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 40th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 40th Iowa Infantry was organized at Iowa City , Iowa on November 15 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on June 5 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1136 men served in the 40th Iowa at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 19 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 2 officers and 184 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 205 fatalities .