naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Viceroy ' s commissioned officer A viceroy ' s commissioned officer ( VCO ) was a senior Indian member of the British Indian Army . VCOs were senior in rank to warrant officer s in the British Army , and held a commission issued by the viceroy . Also known as " Indian officers " or " native officers " , they were treated in almost all respects as commissioned officer s , but only had authority over Indian troops and were subordinate to all British King ' s ( and Queen ' s ) commissioned officers and King ' s commissioned Indian officer s . These ranks were created to facilitate effective liaison between the British officers and their native troops . The soldiers who were promoted to VCO rank had long service and good service records , spoke reasonably fluent English , and could act as a common liaison point between officers and men and as advisers to the British officers on Indian affairs . VCOs were treated and addressed with respect . Even a British officer would address a VCO as , for instance , " subedar sahib " or < name > " sahib " . Ranks held by VCOs were : Similar ranks are retained in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army , where they are known as junior commissioned officer s .
George G . Blackburn George Gideon Blackburn , CM , MC ( February 13 , 1917 – November 15 , 2006 ) was a decorated Canadian veteran of World War II , a playwright , and award winning author . Born in Wales , Ontario , Blackburn worked in the United States in railway construction as a steam shovel operator and , later , worked as a newspaper reporter for the " Ottawa Journal " in Pembroke , Ontario . Military service . George Blackburn joined the Canadian Army in 1940 , becoming a forward observation officer . He fought at the Battle of Normandy . Blackburn was awarded the Military Cross in 1944 for his role in defending the Twente Canal bridgehead in the Netherlands . Blackburn returned to Ottawa after the war and found work as a journalist and with the Canadian Department of Labour . He wrote a musical jingle , well known in Canada during the 1960s , " Why Wait for Spring ? Do It Now " , that encouraged homeowners to have home improvements done during winter . He was producer for a radio show , " Canada at Work " , and also wrote a musical play , " A Day to Remember " , about the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway , an event that permanently submerged his home town . Writing career . Blackburn wrote a trilogy of books based on his war - time experiences : " The Guns of Normandy : A Soldier ' s Eye View , France 1944 " " The Guns of Victory : A Soldier ' s Eye View , Belgium , Holland , and Germany , 1944 - 45 " , and " Where the Hell Are the Guns ? : A Soldier ' s View of the Anxious Years , 1939 - 44 " . " The Guns of Normandy " received the " Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non - Fiction " in 1996 . He was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2001 . He also received the French Légion d ' honneur . Blackburn died at the Ottawa General Hospital in 2006 where he was being treated for cancer .
Rufus N . Rhodes Rufus Napoleon Rhodes ( June 5 , 1856 , Pascagoula , Mississippi – January 12 , 1910 , Birmingham , Alabama ) was the founder and managing editor of the " Birmingham News " from 1888 until his death . He served as a director and 2nd Vice - President of the Associated Press . He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1892 and 1904 , and a Brigadier General in the Alabama National Guard . He is buried in Birmingham ' s Elmwood Cemetery .
Naval Air Station Lemoore Naval Air Station Lemoore or NAS Lemoore is a United States Navy base , located in Kings County and Fresno County , California . Lemoore Station , California , a census - designated place , is located inside the base ' s borders . NAS Lemoore is the Navy ' s newest and largest Master Jet Base . Strike Fighter Wing Pacific , along with its associated squadrons , is home ported there . NAS Lemoore also hosts four Carrier Air Wings : Carrier Air Wing Two ( CVW - 2 ) , Carrier Air Wing Nine ( CVW - 9 ) , Carrier Air Wing Eleven ( CVW - 11 ) , and Carrier Air Wing Seventeen ( CVW - 17 ) . History . Commissioned in 1961 , NAS Lemoore is the newest and largest Master Jet Base in the U . S . Navy . It has two offset parallel runways apart . Aircraft parking and maintenance hangars are aligned between the runways . Separated from the hangars by underpasses beneath taxiways A & C , the remainder of the air operations area is located directly southeast . In July 1998 , NAS Lemoore was selected as the West Coast site for the Navy ’ s newest strike - fighter aircraft , the F / A - 18E / F Super Hornet . This action brought approximately 92 additional aircraft , 1 , 850 additional active duty personnel and 3 , 000 family members to NAS Lemoore and several associated facility additions or improvements . The Navy also brought four new fleet squadrons to Naval Air Station Lemoore over the period 2001 - 2004 . Additional military staffing was required at Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department , Strike Fighter Weapons School Pacific , and the Center for Naval Aviation Technical Training Unit Lemoore ( CNATTU Lemoore ) to support this effort . Current operations . With the transfer of NAS Miramar to the United States Marine Corps , NAS Lemoore now hosts the Navy ' s entire west coast fighter / attack capability . NAS Lemoore was built “ from the ground up ” as a Master Jet Base , and has several operational advantages , and relatively few constraints , as a result . Strike Fighter Wing Pacific with its supporting facilities is home ported here . The primary aircraft based at NAS Lemoore is the F / A - 18 Hornet Strike Fighter . In November , 1999 , NAS Lemoore received its first F / A - 18 E / F Super Hornets , which replaced the F - 14 Tomcat in fleet service as an air - superiority fighter and has assumed , in a different configuration , the role of older F / A - 18 Strike Fighters . Currently , there are a total of 175 Hornets and Super Hornets home - based at NAS Lemoore operating from one Fleet Replacement [ training ] Squadron and fifteen Fleet [ operational ] Squadrons . Tenant units . Carrier wings . Pacific Strike Fighter Wing
185th Canadian Infantry Battalion ( Cape Breton Highlanders ) , CEF The 185th ( Cape Breton Highlanders ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Broughton , Cape Breton , the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915 / 16 throughout Cape Breton Island , Nova Scotia . After sailing to England in October 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 17th Reserve Battalion on February 15 , 1918 . The 185th ( Cape Breton Highlanders ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . F . P . Day . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Woomera ( spear - thrower ) A woomera is a wooden Australian Aboriginal spear - throwing device . Similar to an atlatl , it is an extension of the human arm that enables a spear to travel at a greater speed and force than possible with the unaided arm . The town of Woomera in South Australia , founded in 1947 as the home of the Anglo - Australian Long Range Weapons Establishment , is named after the spear thrower . Description . The woomera is in length . One end is wide , while the other is more pointed and has a hook . The woomera was traditionally decorated with incised or painted designs that indicated belonging to a particular linguistic group that it may be returned to if found abandoned . Use . Records show that the implement began to be used about 5000 years ago . It is still used today in some remote areas of Australia . Like spears and boomerangs , woomeras were traditionally used only by men . Some woomeras , especially those used in the central and western Australian deserts , were multi - purpose tools . Often shaped like long narrow bowls , they could be used for carrying water - soaked vegetable matter ( which would not spill and could later be sucked for its moisture ) as well as small food items such as little lizards or seeds . Many woomeras had a sharp stone cutting edge attached to the end of the handle with black gum from the triodia plant . This sharp tool had many uses , such as cutting up game or other food and wood . The woomera could be used as a shield for protection against spear s and boomerangs . The extra energy gained from the woomera ' s use has been calculated as four times that from a compound bow .
Andrew James Wray Geddes Air Commodore Andrew James Wray Geddes ( 31 July 1906 – 15 December 1988 ) was the senior Royal Air Force officer during World War II who led the planning for Operation Manna , the air drop of food supplies to the starving population of the Netherlands . Early life . Geddes was born in India , the son of an Indian Army Officer . He soon returned to England with his mother and much later graduated from the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich and joined the Royal Artillery in 1926 . Military career . Geddes began his military career in the Army before being seconded to the RAF in 1928 . He trained at RAF Sealand before joining No . 4 Squadron RAF at RAF Farnborough flying the Bristol F . 2 Fighter and later the Armstrong Whitworth Atlas . In 1932 , he rejoined the Royal Artillery but was again seconded to the RAF in 1935 , this time as a Flight Commander with No . 2 Squadron RAF at RAF Manston . By 1938 , Geddes was to Squadron Commander . He had an active role in the planning of Operation Overlord , the Alled invasion of Normandy in June 1944 . Shortly after the landing on 6 June 1944 , Geddes flew a Mustang over the invasion beaches taking some of the first pictures of the invasion . Although Geddes retained his Army commission ( reaching the rank of Major in 1943 ) , he spent all of World War II in the RAF . He finally fully transferred to the RAF in 1945 . Operation Manna . From April 1 , 1943 until VE - Day Air Commodore Geddes was responsible for the Operations and Plans of the Second Tactical Air Force RAF . In the spring of 1945 he was responsible for the organising of Operation Manna ; the dropping of food and other essentials to the starving Dutch population still the occupied areas of the Netherlands . The first food drops began on 29 April 1945 , even though no formal treaty had been signed between the Allies and Germans . That day over 240 Lancaster ' s flew at low level to drop 535 tons of food at six designated places in Holland agreed with Germans . In case the Allies were trying to use the drop for military purposes ( for example dropping paratroopers or arms for partisans ) , the Germans sent anti - aircraft guns to four of the locations . Local Dutch organising committees then set up a plan to collect the air drops and distribute the food . Post military career . Geedes retired from the RAF on 29 September 1954 with the rank of Air Commodore and worked in local government .
29th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 29th Infantry Division was a unit of the German army created in the fall of 1936 . It was based on the old Reichswehr 15th Infantry Regiment and drew its initial recruits from Thuringia . It was upgraded to 29th Motorized Infantry Division in the fall of 1937 . The division was also known as the Falke - Division ( Falcon Division ) . Operational history . The division was mobilized in August 1939 and joined the XIV Corps of the German 10th Army for the invasion of Poland . It took part in the encirclement of Polish forces at Radom , Poland and committed the Massacre in Ciepielów . In December 1939 it was transferred to the west . During the invasion of France it joined the 16th Army . As a strategic reserve it was used during the drive for the English Channel . After the Dunkirk evacuation it joined Guderians Panzergruppe ( Heinz Guderian ) for a speedy advance through eastern France . It was then employed in occupation duties in eastern France until early 1941 . Taking part in Operation Barbarossa it was attached to the German 4th Army and took part in a number of actions against isolated Soviet formations at Minsk , Smolensk and Bryansk . It was then sent to support Guderians Panzer Army near Tula . The division lost most of its vehicles and many killed and captured during the retreat from Moscow at Mordves , south of Kashira in the Moscow oblast . In 1942 it spent the first 6 months in action near Orel and then in July 1942 was assigned to the German 6th Army as part of Army Group South . By August 1942 it was near Stalingrad and took part in the bitter battles in the Southern part of that city . In early 1943 the division found itself surrounded and facing west against the Soviet forces . A report on 28 December noted that 6 of its 8 battalions were combat capable and it still had 30 guns , but only 3 operational anti - tank weapons . On 21 January 1943 it was attacked by the Soviet 21st Army , and destroyed as part of the Battle of Stalingrad . It was then reconstituted in France in the early spring from the recently formed 345th Infantry Division . It was transferred to the Sicilian Campaign as the 29th Panzergrenadier Division for sometime in the defence of the Northern Route to Messina . Thereafter it fought in Italy at Salerno , Anzio , and San Pietro and was destroyed by the British in northern Italy just before the end of the war .
Marine Wing Support Squadron 172 Marine Wing Support Squadron 172 ( MWSS 172 ) is an aviation ground support unit of the United States Marine Corps . Known as the " Firebirds " , they are based out of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma , Okinawa , Japan . The squadron is part of Marine Wing Support Group 17 and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . Mission . Provide all essential Aviation Ground Support requirements to a Marine Aviation Combat Element . Additionally , an implied mission is to supplement airbase facilities and services at a collocated Marine Corps Air Station , which is performed aboard MCAS Futenma . History . Marine Wing Support Squadron 172 was activated at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma on 16 June 1986 . After MWSS - 174 was disbanded , MWSS - 172 became the sole support squadron on Okinawa . The Squadron continually grew adding enhanced motor transport and engineer capabilities . Originally located on Ie Shima , the Squadron made numerous improvement while stationed there . To include : construction of a control tower , a state - of - the - art Close - in Approach Indicator guidance system , and a Vertical Short Take - off and Landing ( VSTOL ) facility . This VSTOL facility is the only one of its kind in the Western Pacific . Since the facility ’ s beginnings on Ie Shima , MWSS - 172 has been responsible for maintenance and serviceability of the VSTOL strip , to include the complete replacement of of AM - 2 matting , as well as the coral resurfacing of the entire runway on Ie Shima . MWSS - 172 deployed to Camp Al Asad from March 2008 to October 2008 in support of OIF . In 2001 MWSS - 172 relocated to Camp Foster and continues to support MCAS Futenma and Marine Aircraft Group 36 ( MAG - 36 ) . MWSS - 172 has assisted and supported many real world operations to include : Operation Desert Storm , Operation Sea Angel , Operation Restore Hope , Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom .
USS Lake Champlain ( CG - 57 ) USS " Lake Champlain " ( CG - 57 ) is a " Ticonderoga " - class cruiser in the United States Navy . It is the third ship to be named " Lake Champlain " , in honor of Battle of Lake Champlain , which took place during the War of 1812 . Ship history . " Lake Champlain " was laid down 3 March 1986 at Ingalls Shipbuilding , Pascagoula , Mississippi , launched 3 April 1987 and commissioned 12 August 1988 at Intrepid Pier at the Intrepid Sea - Air - Space Museum in New York City , Captain Ralph K . Martin commanding . She then steamed to her homeport of San Diego , via Cape Horn , South America , losing part of her Hurricane Bow in heavy seas . She has been to the Persian Gulf many times , first as a part of Operation Desert Shield , then later following Desert Storm . She aided in the evacuation of the Philippines during the Mount Pinatubo eruption while transiting to the Persian Gulf . The " Lake Champlain " is currently assigned to Carrier Group One . November 2007 Explosion . On 10 November 2007 an explosion occurred on the ship during routine maintenance in a San Diego dry dock . Six workers were injured , two critically . The explosion was apparently caused when flammable gases , inside the pump room where the workers were working , ignited . On 23 November 2007 the U . S . Occupational Safety and Health Administration announced that it would be conducting an investigation into the explosion .
Pharnabazos II , Satrap of Phrygia Pharnabazus was a Persia n soldier and statesman . He was the son of Pharnaces II of Phrygia and grandson of Pharnabazus I of Phrygia , and great grandson of Artabazus . He and his male ancestors had governed the satrapy of Phrygia on the Hellespont from its headquarters at Dascylium since 478 BC . His son Artabazus was a satrap of Phrygia . According to research by Theodor Nöldeke , he was descended from Otanes , one of the associates of Darius in the murder of Smerdis . Pharnabazus is first recorded as satrap of this province in 413 BC , when , having received orders from Darius II of Persia to send in the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities on the Ionian coast , he , like Tissaphernes of Caria , entered into negotiations with Sparta and began a war with Athens . The conduct of the war was much hindered by the rivalry between the two satraps , of whom Pharnabazus was by far the more energetic and upright . After the war he came into conflict with the Spartan general , Lysander .
Operation Hong Kil Dong Operation Hong Kil Dong was the largest South Korean operation of the Vietnam War . The 48 - day - long operation was a major success as South Korean forces thwarted VPA / NLF infiltration into friendly areas . The results of the operation were a kill ratio of 24 : 1 in the Korean ' s report : 638 Vietnamese to 26 South Koreans . 98 crew - served and 359 individual weapons were captured in the aftermath .
Erich Koellner Kapitanleutnant Erich Koellner ( 17 . October 1884 - died 20 April 1918 ) was a German naval officer killed in World War I . He was commander of minesweeper " M95 " . The World War II German destroyer Z13 was named " Erich Koellner " in his honour .
No . 278 Squadron RAF No . 278 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron formed as an air - sea rescue unit in World War II . History . Formation in World War II . The squadron formed at RAF Matlaske on 22 December 1941 equipped with the Lysander , Walrus and then the Anson . Spitfire s were then supplied for spotting downed aircrew . The area of operations of the squadron was the coast of East Anglia and North East England . There were also detachments in Scotland . The Warwick was operated from April 1944 and the Sea Otter from May 1945 . The squadron was disbanded at Thorney Island on 15 October 1945 .
USS Chambers ( DE - 391 ) USS " Chambers " ( DE - 391 ) was an built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided destroyer escort protection against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . Post - war she continued an active life , serving with the U . S . Coast Guard , and then being assigned as a radar picket ship . She was named in honor of Ensign Russell Franklyn Chambers who was reported missing in action 27 December 1941 after an engagement with the enemy over Jolo in the Philippines . She was launched 17 August 1943 by Brown Shipbuilding Co . , Houston , Texas ; sponsored by Mrs . R . F . Chambers ; commissioned 22 November 1943 , Commander H . A . Loughlin , USCG , in command ; and reported to the Atlantic Fleet . World War II North Atlantic operations . After a period as training ship for prospective escort vessel crews , " Chambers " cleared Norfolk , Virginia , 13 February 1944 on the first of eight convoy escort crossings to North Africa n ports from Norfolk , Virginia , and New York . Steadfast to her important duty of guarding the men and materiel vital to the success of operations in the European theater , " Chambers " defied the hazards of the sea and the enemy to bring her charges safely to port . Transferred to the Pacific . On 8 July 1945 " Chambers " sailed from New York for Pearl Harbor , where she arrived 16 August to transport homeward bound servicemen to San Pedro , California . She put out to sea from San Pedro for the east coast 11 September , and on 22 April 1946 , was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Green Cove Springs , Florida . On loan to the Coast Guard . Loaned to the United States Treasury Department , " Chambers " was commissioned as a Coast Guard ship 11 June 1952 , and redesignated WDE - 491 . Operating from New Bedford , Massachusetts , she served on Atlantic weather patrols and made several cruises to Newfoundland until 30 July 1954 , when the Coast Guard decommissioned her and returned her to the Navy . Converted to radar picket ship . Returned to reserve status , " Chambers " was reclassified DER - 391 on 28 October 1954 , and began conversion to a radar picket escort vessel . " Chambers " was recommissioned 1 June 1955 for radar picket duty out of Newport , Rhode Island She was assigned to the Atlantic Barrier Patrol in June 1956 , with which she operated until placed out of commission in reserve 20 June 1960 , at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Final disposition . On 1 March 1975 she was struck from the Navy list , and , on 24 September 1975 , she was sold for scrap .
George Cregan George Cregan ( December 11 , 1885 – June 30 , 1969 ) was a Coxswain in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the United States occupation of Veracruz . Cregan served in the US Navy for 40 years , serving on board over 30 different vessels , and was awarded the Navy Cross for his participation in the 1929 salvage operation of the submarine “ USS S - 4 ” . He died June 30 , 1969 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 46 , lot 1066 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coxswain , U . S . Navy . Place and date : On board the U . S . S . Florida , at Vera Cruz , Mexico , 21 April 1914 . Entered service at : New York . Born : 11 December 1885 , New York , N . Y . G . O . No . : 101 , 15 June 1914 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Florida , for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession during the seizure of Vera Cruz , Mexico , 21 April 1914 . Cregan was ashore when he volunteered for an assault detail under Ens . George Maus Lowry on the Vera Cruz Customhouse under enemy fire both in the alley between the customhouse and warehouse and the assault over objective ' s walls . During the move up the alley , he tended a wounded comrade , J . F . Schumaker , holding a compress with one hand and firing with the other .