naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Leyden ( 1865 ) The first USS " Leyden " was a screw steamer that operated as a tug in the U . S . Navy from 1866 to 1903 and saw combat service in the Spanish - American War in 1898 . " Leyden " was launched in 1865 by James Tetlow , Chelsea , Massachusetts . From 1866 to 1879 she operated as a yard tug at the Boston Navy Yard , performing various harbor duties out of Boston , Massachusetts , until reassigned to Portsmouth , New Hampshire , in 1879 . Leyden served there until 1897 , when she was assigned to Newport , Rhode Island . While the ship was near Boston on 26 August 1881 , Seaman Michael Thornton jumped overboard and rescued a fellow sailor from drowning , for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor . In 1898 , " Leyden " performed towing operations off Cuba during the Spanish - American War . On 21 July 1898 , her captain Ensign Walter S . Crosley joined armed yacht USS " Wasp " , and gunboats USS " Annapolis " and USS " Topeka " in firing on and sinking the Spanish sloop " Jorge Juan " in Nipe Bay , Cuba , in the Battle of Nipe Bay . She also fought at the Battle of Fajardo the night of 8 – 9 August , bombarding enemy positions with her one pound guns to support bluejackets from USS Amphitrite ( BM - 2 ) holding the Cape San Juan Light against a Spanish ground attack . The next morning , " Leyden " transported 60 women and children from the town of Fajardo that had been quartered at the lighthouse to Ponce , Puerto Rico . From 1898 to 1903 , " Leyden " alternated her services between the Caribbean and Newport , Rhode Island . While on a return passage from Puerto Rico on 21 January 1903 , the tug foundered in heavy fog off Block Island , ending her long , useful career . Ordinary Seaman Ernest H . Bjorkman , Fireman First Class Loddie Stupka , Quartermaster Third Class August P . Teytand , and Chief Machinist Michael Walsh received the Medal of Honor " for heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel " .
Popular Front for the Liberation of Chad The Popular Front for the Liberation of Chad ( " Front Populaire pour la Libération du Tchad " or FPLT ) was a small insurgent group active during the First Chadian Civil War . Founded in 1968 by Awad Mukhtar Nasser , it was based in Sudan and operated along the Chad - Sudan border . After the fall of François Tombalbaye ' s regime in 1975 , it gave up armed struggle as its leadership reconciled with Félix Malloum ' s new government . In 1979 the FPLT reemerged , always under the leadership of Nasser . With few or no roots in Chad , the group was formed mainly to participate to the peace conferences that were being held in Nigeria , where it was meant to represent Sudanese interests . But this plan failed since the FPLT played no part neither in the Kano Accord , nor in the Lagos Accord . All the same the FPLT remained Sudan ' s main agent in the country till 1982 when Sudan gave all its support to Hissène Habré ' s government , with the consequent decline of the FPLT .
Carolinas Campaign Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Carolinas Campaign of the American Civil War . The Confederate order of battle is listed separately . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign . Union Forces . MG William T . Sherman < br > Headquarters guard : Engineers : Artillery : Bvt MG William Farquhar Barry Right Wing , Army of the Tennessee . MG Oliver O . Howard < br > Escort : Pontoon Train Guard : XV Corps . MG John A . Logan XVII Corps . MG Francis Preston Blair , Jr . < br > Escort : Left Wing , Army of Georgia . MG Henry W . Slocum < br > Pontoniers : XIV Corps . Bvt MG Jefferson C . Davis < br > Provost guard : Ltc E . Hibbard Topping XX Corps . Bvt MG Alpheus S . Williams < br > MG Joseph A . Mower Center , Army of the Ohio . MG John M . Schofield < br > Escort : Signal Corps : Cpt Edmund H . Russell < br > Engineers : Artillery : Ltc Terance J . Kennedy X Corps . MG Alfred H . Terry < br > Escort : Company I , 20th New York Cavalry : Cpt John J . Carroll XXIII Corps . MG Jacob Dolson Cox < br > Engineer Battalion : Cpt Oliver S . McClure < br > Provost Guard : Artillery : Ltc George W . Schofield , Cpt Giles J . Cockerill
Truce of Espléchin The Truce of Espléchin ( 1340 ) was a truce between the English and French crowns during the Hundred Years ' War . Background . The Hundred Years ' War had started in 1337 . In 1340 Edward III of England , returned to France by sailing across the English Channel only to find his landing blocked by a large French and Genoese fleet at Sluys . The English won the resulting naval battle , which took place on 24 June 1340 . The English navy was ably assisted by their allies , principally Flemings from Sluys and nearby Bruges who watched the fight from the shore and kept any French sailors from escaping . At the battle of Sluys the French navy was almost completely destroyed . Edward III followed this with a siege of the town of Tournai , initially the siege went well . The English army and its allies destroyed French lands and villages nearby even though the French king ( Philip VI of France ) and his army were camped within sight of the besieged town but refused to do battle with the English . The town seemed on the verge of surrendering . The truce . Edward ' s ability to continue the siege and campaign in France , came to an abrupt end , partly due to bickering within his alliance but also his own parliament held up much needed funds to enable him to prosecute the war . The French had been in an equally precarious position , with Tournai on the point of running out of food . Edward had been well aware of this as a French messenger had been intercepted . Pope Benedict XII had asked Edward ' s mother - in - law , who was also the sister of Philip , Jeanne of Valois to intercede on the pope ' s behalf . Both kings were persuaded to sign the Truce of Espléchin on 25 September 1340 . Under the terms of the truce , the English could not attack France for five years , Edward also had to return to England with his army . However , in 1341 , before the five years was up , conflict over the succession to the Duchy of Brittany began the Breton War of Succession . On one side , Edward backed John of Montfort , and on the other Philip VI of France , backed Charles of Blois . Edward used this as an excuse to restart hostilities with France .
Charles Alexander , Duke of Württemberg Charles Alexander of Württemberg ( 24 May 1684 – 12 March 1737 ) was a Württemberg noble from 1698 who governed the Kingdom of Serbia as regent from 1720 until 1733 , when he assumed the position of Duke of Württemberg , which he had held until his death . Biography . Born in Stuttgart , he was the eldest son of Frederick Charles , Duke of Württemberg - Winnental , and Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg - Ansbach . He succeeded his father as Duke of Württemberg - Winnental in 1698 . As a successful army - commander in service of the Holy Roman Emperor , he had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1712 . He was militarily successful under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Spanish War of Succession as well as in the war against the Turks . In 1719 he was appointed imperial governor of Belgrade . In 1720 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI appointed him governor of the Kingdom of Serbia in Belgrade . After 13 years of autocratic reigning over Serbia , in 1733 Charles Alexander inherited the Duchy of Württemberg centered around Stuttgart from his cousin , Eberhard Louis . As Duke of Württemberg he moved the court back from Ludwigsburg to Stuttgart . He ruled over the duchy until his sudden death in 1737 , and was succeeded by his nine - year - old son , Charles Eugene . During his reign , he employed as his financier the ill - fated " Jew Süss " , Joseph Oppenheimer , who was executed in 1738 for abuse of office during the reign of the duke . He married Maria Augusta Anna of Thurn and Taxis ( 11 August 1706 – 1 February 1756 ) . In literature and film . Although the story of Duke Karl Alexander and Joseph Süß Oppenheimer constituted a relatively obscure episode in German history , it became the subject of a number of literary and dramatic treatments over the course of more than a century ; the earliest of these having been Wilhelm Hauff ' s 1827 novella , titled " Jud Süß " . The most successful literary adaptation was Lion Feuchtwanger ' s 1925 novel titled " Jud Süß " based on a play that he had written in 1916 but subsequently withdrew . Ashley Dukes and Paul Kornfeld also wrote dramatic adaptations of the Feuchtwanger novel . In 1934 , Lothar Mendes directed " Jew Süss " , a film adaptation of the novel . Charles Alexander and his relationship with Oppenheimer is fictionally portrayed in Veit Harlan ' s 1940 Nazi propaganda film titled " Jud Süß " . Although inspired by the historical details of Süß ' s life , Hauff ' s novella , Feuchtwanger ' s novel , and Harlan ' s film only loosely correspond to the historical sources available at the Landesarchiv Baden - Württemberg .
Battle of Ceber Battle of Ceber took place overnight of August 4 and August 5 , 1944 in the village of Ceber in the Holy Cross Mountains ( Świętokrzyskie ) . A battalion of Polish partisans of the Home Army ' s 2nd Legions ' Infantry Regiment led by Capt . Michał Mandziara ( nom de guerre Siwy ) assaulted a German garrison of the village , took it by surprise and annihilated it after a brief encounter . The battle was part of a larger Operation Tempest . The Polish unit numbered 84 men ( entire 3rd battalion of the 2nd Legions ' Infantry Regiment ) and was organised into two platoons led by second lieutenant Dionizy Mędrzycki ( nom de guerre Reder ) and second lieutenant Witold Józefowski ( nom de guerre Miś ) . The Poles assaulted the German garrison overnight and from numerous directions . After a brief fight the enemy force was destroyed . The Poles acquired plenty of war materiel , including 22 machine guns , a gun repair shop , an infantry mortar with ammunition , an ambulance and plenty of supplies . Polish losses were relatively small : only one soldier and one officer were wounded in action and died the following day . German losses were approximately 40 killed and 39 taken prisoner of war .
Ramon Perellos y Roccaful Fra ' Ramon Perellos de Rocaful was the 64th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta between 1697 and 1720 . He lived in Malta in 1653 , as soon as he entered the order . In 1658 he joined the board of the Master and in 1697 was elected Grand Master . During his grandmastership the coastal fortifications of Malta where stiffened by the construction of batteries , redoubts , and entrenchements . He also was the driving force behind the third rate squadron of the order setup which was eventually inaugurated in 1705 . His funerary monument is found in the Co - Cathedral of St . John , Valletta . is considered to be one of the best interpreration of Baroque art in Malta .
771st Bombardment Squadron The 771st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 462d Bombardment Group , based at Piardoba Airfield , India . It was inactivated on 12 October 1944 . History . Established in early 1943 as one of the first B - 29 Superfortress squadron ; however no B - 29s were yet available for operational use . Trained with B - 24 Liberator s and B - 17 Flying Fortress es throughout 1943 . Received early model B - 29s and prototype YB - 29s beginning in August 1943 , however aircraft were still undergoing development and were frequently modified by Boeing technicians in the field while the squadron was undergoing training in Kansas . Deployed to India in early 1944 ; several aircraft breaking down en route via South Atlantic Transport route from Florida to Brazil then to Liberia ; across central Africa and Arabia , arriving in Karachi , India in March 1944 . Arrived at converted B - 24 airfield in eastern India in mid - April 1944 . Aircraft still undergoing modifications while transporting munitions and fuel to forward airfield in central China ; staging first attacks on Japanese Home Islands since the 1942 Doolittle Raid . Lack of logistical support limited number of attacks on Japan from Chinese staging airfields ; squadron also attacked strategic enemy targets in Thailand ; Indochina and Malay Peninsula . Squadron inactivated by special order of XX Bomber Command with personnel and equipment merged into other group squadrons in October 1944
Alex Decoteau Alexander Wuttunee Decoteau , ( 19 November 1887 – 30 October 1917 ) , was a Cree Canadian track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics . He was also the first aboriginal police officer in Canada . Alexander was born on the Red Pheasant Indian Reserve ( Saskatchewan ) . He attended school there and at the Battleford Industrial School . He moved to Edmonton where the City Police hired him as a constable in 1909 . He made sergeant in 1914 . During this period he won most major middle or long distance races in western Canada . In 1912 he finished sixth in the 5000 metres competition . Alex was killed by a sniper in 1917 , during the Second Battle of Passchendaele . Many of DeCoteau ’ s accomplishments are included in the Edmonton Sports Hall of Fame , where he was inducted a member in 1967 . Also , the Edmonton Police Museum and Archives contains may of his personal and military trophies and awards . In 1985 , the Cree performed a ceremony in Edmonton " to bring his spirit home " . Honours were provided by the Red Pheasant Band , the Edmonton Police Service and the Canadian army .
USS L . A . Dempsey ( SP - 1231 ) USS " L . A . Dempsey " ( SP - 1231 ) was a United States Navy armed tug that was in commission as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919 . " L . A . Dempsey " was built as the commercial tug " Mascot " in 1890 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . She later was renamed " L . A . Dempsey " . On 13 September 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , Dempsey & Son of Norfolk , Virginia , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " L . A . Dempsey " ( SP - 1231 ) . Assigned to the 5th Naval District and based at Norfolk , " L . A . Dempsey " served as a section patrol boat for the rest of World War I and into 1919 . The Navy decommissioned " L . A . Dempsey " on 11 July 1919 and returned her to Dempsey & Son the same day .
John Parker Hawkins John Parker Hawkins ( September 29 , 1830 – February 7 , 1914 ) was a Union Army brigadier general of volunteers during the American Civil War . In 1866 , after being mustered out of the Union Army volunteer force , he was appointed to the brevet grade of major general of volunteers to rank from March 13 , 1865 . Biography . Hawkins was born in Indianapolis , Indiana , the son of John Hawkins and Elizabeth ( née Waller ) ; his elder sister was Louisa Hawkins Canby ( who married Maj . Gen . Edward Canby ) . He graduated from West Point in 1852 . On April 25 , 1863 , President Abraham Lincoln appointed Hawkins brigadier general of volunteers , to rank from April 13 , 1863 . Because the U . S . Senate returned the nomination to the President on April 1 , 1864 , President Lincoln renominated Hawkins on April 2 , 1864 and the Senate confirmed the appointment on April 18 , 1864 . Hawkins commanded the 1st Division of US Colored Troops from 1864 to 1865 . He distinguished himself in the assault at the Battle of Fort Blakely , April 9 , 1865 , which resulted in the capture of Mobile , Alabama . Hawkins was mustered out of the Union Army volunteer service on February 1 , 1866 . On July 17 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Hawkins for appointment to the brevet grade of major general of volunteers to rank from March 13 , 1865 , and the U . S . Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23 , 1866 . References . Additional source listed by alleylaw . net :
Arnold Stoffers Arnold Stoffers ( 1 September 1910 - 25 February 1944 ) was an Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant Colonel ) in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Arnold Stoffers was born on 1 September 1910 , near Kiel in Germany . World War II . During World War II as part of the SS - VT he took part in the Polish Campaign where he was awarded the Iron Cross II class in October 1939 . He was then involved in the Battle of France where he received the Iron Cross I class in August 1940 . He was posted to the new SS Division " Wiking " ( Viking ) , and was given command of the II . Battalion , SS Panzergrenadier Regiment " Nordland " . During Operation Barbarossa the " Nordland " spent the winter of 1941 - 42 along the Mius River in the eastern Ukraine with the German Army Group South . During July 1942 , SS Wiking advanced to the southeast , reaching the Caucasus . SS Wiking next helped contain the Soviet offensive towards the Dnieper , before taking part in General Erich von Manstein ' s counter - offensive . By late March the fighting had subsided and " Nordland " was rested near Isjum , close to its positions from a year earlier . In recognition of the " Nordland " < nowiki > ' < / nowiki > s success Arnold Stoffers was awarded the German Cross in Gold . He was then transferred to the 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division " Nordland " upon its formation and given command of the 23rd SS Panzer grenadier Regiment " Norge " . He was killed in defensive action against the Soviet Narva Offensive ( 15 – 28 February 1944 ) on 25 February 1944 and awarded a posthumous Knight ' s Cross in March 1944 .
Douglas W . Gillette Douglas Wiley Gillette was born September 10 , 1918 , in Wilmington , North Carolina . He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on March 5 , 1936 . After serving at Norfolk , Va . , in " McDougal " ( DD - 358 ) , and after studying at the United States Naval Academy and Northwestern University , he was commissioned Ensign on September 12 , 1941 . Ordered to active duty in the aircraft carrier " Hornet " ( CV - 8 ) on November 17 , 1941 , he was appointed Lieutenant ( j . g . ) ( temporary ) . He was killed in enemy action in the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands on October 26 , 1942 , while serving in " Hornet " . In 1943 , two destroyer escort s were named USS " Gillette " in honor of Lt . Gillette . The first , USS " Gillette " ( DE - 270 ) , was launched in May and transferred to the United Kingdom ; she served in the Royal Navy as HMS " Foley " ( K474 ) . The second , USS " Gillette " ( DE - 681 ) , was launched in September , sponsored by Mrs . Pearl M . Gillette , the namesake ' s mother .
Subsequent Nuremberg Trials The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials formally the Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals were a series of twelve U . S . military tribunal s for war crime s against surviving members of the leadership of Nazi Germany , held in the Palace of Justice , Nuremberg , after World War II from 1946 to 1949 following the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal . Background . Although it had been initially planned to hold more than just one international trial at the IMT , the growing differences between the victorious allies ( the United States , United Kingdom , France , and Soviet Union ) made this impossible . However , the Control Council Law No . 10 , which the Allied Control Council had issued on December 20 , 1945 , empowered any of the occupying authorities to try suspected war criminals in their respective occupation zones . Based on this law , the U . S . authorities proceeded after the end of the initial Nuremberg Trial against the major war criminals to hold another twelve trials in Nuremberg . The judges in all these trials were American , and so were the prosecutors ; the Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Brigadier General Telford Taylor . In the other occupation zones similar trials took place . Trials . The twelve U . S . trials before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals ( NMT ) took place from December 9 , 1946 to April 13 , 1949 . The trials were : Result . In total , 142 of the 185 defendants were found guilty of at least one of the charges . 24 persons received death sentences , of which 11 were subsequently converted into life sentences ; 20 were sentenced to life imprisonment , 98 were handed down sentences of varying lengths , and 35 were acquitted . Four defendants had to be removed from trials due to illness , and four more committed suicide during the trials . Many of the longer prison sentences were reduced substantially by decree of high commissioner John J . McCloy in 1951 , and 10 outstanding death sentences from the " Einsatzgruppen " Trial were converted to prison terms . The same year , an amnesty released many of those who had received prison sentences . Criticism . Some of the NMTs have been criticised for their conclusion that " moral bombing " of civilians , including its nuclear variety , was legal , and for their judgement that , in certain situations , executing civilians in reprisal was permissible . Conduct of the prosecution . In a 2005 interview for the " Washington Post " , Benjamin B . Ferencz , Chief Prosecutor for the United States Army at the Einsatzgruppen Trial , revealed some of his activities during his period in Germany : Americans delivered some low - ranking German suspects to displaced persons camp s for the purpose of having them executed by the DPs , without prior trial or sentencing . In the interview , Ferencz also pointed out that the military legal norms at the time permitted actions that would not be possible today .
Edward Lawrence Logan Edward Lawrence Logan , A . B . , LL . B . ( January 20 , 1875 – July 6 , 1939 ) was born in South Boston to a military family , and attended Boston Latin School and Harvard University . He was an American militia officer and jurist . He is the namesake of Logan International Airport of Boston , Massachusetts . Military career . After his graduation in 1897 , Logan enlisted in the 9th Infantry of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia , in which he rapidly advanced . The following spring , Logan saw combat in the Spanish – American War , returning to the United States that autumn to enroll in Harvard Law School . Graduating in 1901 , Logan returned to his unit while simultaneously building a successful law practice in Boston . In 1911 he was promoted to major and the following year he took command of the 9th as its colonel . In March 1917 , Logan ' s unit was mobilized to guard installations in anticipation of the US declaration of war on Germany ( see World War I ) . After several months of guard duty , the 9th was redesignated as the 101st Infantry Regiment and assigned to the 26th Infantry Division , organized from the National Guard s of the New England states . Logan accompanied his troops to France in command of the 101st . In April 1919 , the regiment was relieved of active duty , and Logan oversaw its reorganization into the Massachusetts National Guard . In January 1921 Logan was promoted to brigadier general and took command of the 1st Infantry Brigade . In March 1923 he was promoted to major general and given command of the 26th Division . As its first post - war commander , General Logan was responsible for reorganizing and training the division as a completely Massachusetts unit . Post war life . Throughout the remainder of his life , Logan achieved prominence as an advocate for veteran s as the state commander of the American Legion and president of the National Guard Association of the United States . He also pursued a political career as a Boston city councilor and state representative and senator . He retired from the Guard in 1938 , and died in Boston the following year . A statue of General Logan by Joseph Coletti was unveiled at the entrance to the former Boston Airport when it was officially renamed the General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport in a public ceremony in 1956 . It has been moved several times to accommodate the airport ' s growth . Although Logan was not an aviator , he did lobby intensely for veteran benefits to include the high risk group of pilots .