naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Syrian Air Defense Force The Syrian Air Defense Force is an independent command within the Syrian Armed Forces . It has been merged into and then separated from both the Syrian Arab Army and the Syrian Arab Air Force . The Syrian Air Defense Force controls twenty - five air defense brigades , each with six SAM batteries . It is equipped with 650 static SA - 2 , SA - 3 and SA - 5 launchers , 200 mobile SA - 6 and SA - 11 launchers and over 4 , 000 anti - aircraft gun s ranging from 23mm to 100mm in caliber . There are also two independent SA - 8 and SA - 10 SAM Regiments , each with four batteries of 48 mobile SAMs . The Syrian early warning system comprises Long Track ; P - 12 Spoon Rest ; P - 14 Tall King ; H - 15 Flat Face ; P - 30 Big Mesh ; P - 35 Bar Lock ; P - 80 ; PRV - 13 ; PRV - 16 Thin Skin mobile and static radar sites throughout Syria . In 1982 , 19 of 20 batteries — each battery consisting of five tanks and each tank equipped with three SAM - 6 missiles — were wiped out in a single Israeli airstrike . Despite decades of technological innovations in the Israeli and Western militaries , Syria still relies heavily on Soviet - era weaponry to defend itself . This is especially true in the north of the country . The government chose to concentrate its newer hardware in the west and south of Syria to guard against Israel . On 22 June 2012 Syrian Air Defence Force shot down a Turkish McDonnell Douglas F - 4 Phantom II reconnaissance jet . The jet ' s pilots were killed ; both Turkish and Syrian forces searched for them before recovering their bodies in early July . The incident greatly escalated the tensions between Turkey and Syria . 25 teams defense ( 130 batteries ) Including :
Italian ironclad Re d ' Italia The Italian ironclad Re d ' Italia was the lead ship of the armored frigate s built for the Regia Marina in the early 1860s . Design and description . The ship was armoured with plates and had 40 guns and a ram . Service . Sunk by ramming , 20 July 1866 , in the naval Battle of Lissa by Austrian flagship SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max under Admiral Tegetthoff .
Charles Reep Thorold Charles Reep ( 22 September 19043 February 2002 ) was a football analyst credited with creating the long ball game which has characterized English football . Charles Reep trained as an accountant , then volunteered for the Royal Air Force in 1928 . In the 1950s Charles Reep wrote his theories on football in the now defunct magazine " Match Analysis " from watching a variety of matches in soccer and concluded most goals were scored from fewer than three passes : therefore he concluded it was important to get the ball quickly forward as soon as possible . The quicker the ball was played to goal with the least number of passes the more goals would be scored . His theory became known as the " long ball " . Charles Reep ' s ideas drew attention to 1950 ' s coach Stan Cullis and at Brentford F . C . . His ideas have been the foundation of the Norway national football team playing style .
Dardanelles Commission The Dardanelles Commission was an investigation into the disastrous 1915 Dardanelles Campaign . It was set up under the Special Commissions ( Dardanelles and Mesopotamia ) Act 1916 . Winston Churchill had been largely blamed for the failures of the British forces during the campaign since as First Lord of the Admiralty he had been responsible for instigating the plan and obtaining Cabinet approval to carry it out . Churchill had been forced to resign as First Lord , when the First Sea Lord ( most senior admiral ) Lord Fisher himself resigned , because of escalating disagreements between himself and Churchill in May 1915 . Churchill continued as part of the Dardanelles Committee ( the war cabinet ) which administered the campaign in the capacity of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster , but was obliged to resign from this post also in November 1915 . For a time he took up a position as a battalion commander on the Western Front ( while remaining a Member of Parliament ) . He returned to parliamentary duty in 1916 , where he attempted to rehabilitate his reputation , when the battalion was amalgamated with another . Churchill sought to obtain the release of government papers which he felt would vindicate his own actions . In May Andrew Bonar Law had indicated on behalf of the Prime Minister that this might be possible , but by June the Prime Minister Herbert Asquith , had decided it could not be done . Matters were complicated by the death of Field Marshal Kitchener , who had been Secretary of State for War , on 6 June 1916 . Instead , Asquith agreed to the setting up of a Commission of Enquiry into the affair , which was announced on 18 July 1916 . The Earl of Cromer , who was known to Churchill , was to be the chairman . Churchill anticipated that he would be able to attend meetings of the commission , but in the event these were held in secret . Instead he had to be content with giving evidence himself in September , and arranging for other witnesses he felt important to be heard by the commission . Kitchener was portrayed as a national hero following his drowning in the North Sea on a trip to Russia . This meant that it became part of the good conduct of the war for those involved , not to tarnish his reputation . This restricted the information both Churchill and Sir Ian Hamilton ( the general in command in the Dardanelles ) , felt that they could give to the tribunal . Witnesses of those involved in the expedition were interviewed , with its final report issued in 1919 . It concluded that the expedition had been poorly planned and executed and that difficulties had been underestimated , problems which were exacerbated by supply shortages and by personality clashes and procrastination at high levels . The report is not seen as having had any measurable further impact on people ' s careers . Appointees . The following were appointed
Hanway Robert Cumming Brigadier - General Hanway Robert Cumming ( 1867 – 5 March 1921 ) was an officer in the British Army . He fought in the Second Boer War , and in France during the First World War . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and appointed an Officer in the French Légion d ' honneur . During the Irish War of Independence he was commander of British troops in County Kerry . He was killed at the Clonbanin Ambush , possibly the highest - ranking British officer to be killed in that war .
SS Ulysses ( Panama Collier No . 1 ) The SS " Ulysses " ( Panama Collier No . 1 ) was a steel - hulled screw steamer designed by the United States Navy and constructed at Sparrows Point , Maryland by the Maryland Steel Company under naval supervision ; she was named for Ulysses ( a character in Greek mythology and the protagonist of Homer ' s epic poem , the " Odyssey " The ship was launched on 12 December 1914 and , on 17 April 1915 was delivered at the Norfolk Navy Yard to the Panama Canal Company . " Ulysses " shuttled between Hampton Roads and the Panama Canal Zone , carrying coal to Cristobal , into 1917 . During World War I the ship received a main battery of one 5 - inch gun and a 3 - inch gun and a Navy armed guard crew to man them while the ship continued to discharge her longstanding duties . The guns were apparently removed shortly after the Armistice ended hostilities . Throughout the War , " Ulysses " belonged to the Panama Canal Company and operated under the control of the Panama Railroad . She continued in this status after peace returned until 1929 , the last year in which her name appeared on shipping registers .
Charles Saligny de San - Germano Charles Saligny de San - Germano , also called Charles , Baron Saligny , was a French military leader in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . Saligny was born 12 September 1772 in Vitry - le - François . He was promoted to general of division on 1 January 1805 . Saligny married Rosine - Antoine de Saint - Joseph , a relative of the wife of Joseph Bonaparte . He was raised to " Duke of San Germano " , an Italian title created by Napoleon in the Two Sicilies in March 1806 . The title became extinct upon his death on 25 February 1809 in Madrid . He fought at the Battle of Austerlitz .
111th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 111th New York Infantry Regiment was organized at Auburn , New York to answer the call by Abraham Lincoln for 300 , 000 more troops to fight in the American Civil War . Over the next three years , this regiment lost the fifth greatest number of men among all regiments . History . Jesse Segoine was authorized on July 18 , 1862 to begin recruiting a regiment of men within the Cayuga and Wayne Counties , New York . As Segoine was able to raise the men , he received a commission of Colonel and commander of this , the 111th New York Infantry Regiment . The regiment was raised in almost a month ' s time , and mustered into service in Auburn , New York on August 20 , 1862 . Regimental organization . Company A – Principally recruited from Wayne County Company B – Principally recruited from Wayne County Company C – Principally recruited from Wayne County Company D – Principally recruited from Wayne County Company E – Principally recruited from Wayne County Company F – Principally recruited from Cayuga County Company G – Principally recruited from Cayuga County Company H – Principally recruited from Cayuga County Company I – Principally recruited from Cayuga County Company K – Principally recruited from Cayuga County Time line . Gettysburg Campaign – June 25 – July 24 , 1863 Two companies were left on guard at Accotink bridge , the remaining eight , numbering 390 men , joined the Second Corps on the march to Gettysburg . Bristoe Campaign – October 9 – 22 , 1863 Mine Run Campaign – November 26 – December 2 , 1863 Campaign from the Rapidan to the James – May 3 – June 15 , 1864 Appomattox Campaign – March 28 – April 9 . 1865 The regiment lost 81 casualties in the last campaign of the war Regiment losses . Over the 111th Regiment ' s time in service , total enrollment was 1 , 780 soldiers . Ten officers and 210 men were killed and mortally wounded in battle . The total of 220 men who were killed and died of wounds is only exceeded by four other New York regiments — the 69th , 40th , 48th and 121st . In the entire Union Army , that number is only exceeded by 24 other regiments . Disease and other causes took another 2 officers and 177 enlisted men . This raises the total sacrificed to reunite this nation to 404 . It should be noted that 2 officers and 74 men died while in the confinment of Confederate prisons .
Twenty - Seventh Army ( Japan ) The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final days of World War II . History . The Japanese 27th Army was formed on March 16 , 1944 as part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in the northern Chishima Islands territories from northeastern Hokkaidō to Kamchatka during Operation Downfall . It was headquartered on Etorofu . The Japanese 27th Army consisted mostly of poorly trained reservists , conscripted students and home guard militia . It was disbanded on February 1 , 1945 , and its units were incorporated directly into the Japanese 5th Area Army
Organic unit An organic unit is a military unit that is a permanent part of a larger unit and ( usually ) provides some specialized capability to that parent unit . For instance , the US Marine Corps incorporates its own aviation units ( distinct from the US Air Force and US Navy ) that provide it with fire support , electronic warfare , and transport . At a lower level of organization , infantry units commonly incorporate organic armour or artillery units to improve their combined arms capability . Organic assets are closely integrated into their parent unit ' s command structure and their personnel are familiar with other personnel in the parent unit , improving coordination and responsiveness and making the parent unit more self - sufficient . However , over - emphasis of organic assets can create wasteful redundancy . For instance , an infantry unit assigned to urban peacekeeping duties might have little use for its organic artillery , while another unit deployed elsewhere might have less artillery support than it required . The question of how much to emphasise the use of organic assets , as opposed to coordination with separate units ( ' joint organization ' ) is a subject of debate and heavily dependent on questions of command and control .
Abu Firas al - Hamdani Abu Firas al - Hamdani ( 932 – 968 ) ( ) was an Arab poet . He was a cousin of Sayf al - Dawla and a member of the noble family of the Hamdanids , who were rulers in northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia during the 10th century . He served Sayf al - Dawla as provincial governor as well as court poet , and was active in is cousin ' s wars against the Byzantine Empire . He was twice captured by the Byzantines and spent some time in their capital , Constantinople , where he composed his most famous work , the collection of poems titled " al - Rûmiyât " ( الروميات ) .
Russian order of battle in South Ossetia war The following units of the Russian army , air force , and Russian navy participated in the invasion of Georgia in 2008 . Order of battle . 58th Army . Supporting units Operations in Abhazia 4th Air Army . 1st Composite Air Division 51st Air Defense Corps
John Soame Richardson Major - General John Soame Richardson ( 16 March 1836 – 9 June 1896 ) , C . B . , was a British army officer and Commander of the Forces in colonial New South Wales . Richardson was born in Heydon , Norfolk , England , and entered the army in 1854 . In the next year he served with the 72nd Highlanders in the Crimean War , and was present at the siege and fall of Sebastopol for which he received a medal with clasp , and the Turkish war medal . In the New Zealand war of 1860 - 61 he served with the 1st battalion of the 12th Regiment of Foot in the Taranaki district , and in the Waikato campaign in 1863 and 1864 . General Richardson , who holds the New Zealand war medal , became captain in 1863 , and , retiring from the Imperial service , was in 1865 appointed to the command of the military forces of New South Wales , with the rank of lieutenant - colonel , becoming colonel in 1876 and major - general in 1885 , when he commanded the New South Wales contingent despatched to co - operate with the British forces in the Sudan campaign , being created C . B . , mentioned in despatches , and receiving the Egyptian medal with clasp and the Khedive ' s star in recognition of his services .
ARA La Argentina ARA " La Argentina " was a light cruiser , designed for training naval cadets , built for the Argentine Navy . The ship was authorised in 1934 , and the contract was put out to tender in 1935 , being won by the British company Vickers - Armstrongs at a cost of 6 million pesos . " La Argentina " was built in Barrow in Furness , England . She was laid down on 11 January 1936 , launched 16 March 1937 and not completed until 31 January 1939 , being delayed by the British re - armament programme . She was decommissioned in 1972 and scrapped . Design . The design was based on British practice , being modified to meet the requirements of the Argentinians for a training ship with 60 cadets . This ship was an enlarged version of the " Arethusa " class , armed with triple turrets . Service . The ship sailed from Britain in February 1939 and arrived at La Plata on 2 March , being commissioned on 12 April 1939 . She made several training cruises before the war but was placed in the active squadron to maintain Argentine neutrality . After the war she made many training cruises before retiring in 1972 .
Hampden Zane Churchill Cockburn Major Hampden Zane Churchill Cockburn ( 19 November 1867 – 12 July 1913 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Born in Toronto , Canada , he was a graduate of Upper Canada College in Toronto . Cockburn was 32 years old , and a lieutenant in The Royal Canadian Dragoons , Canadian Army during the Second Boer War when the action took place for which he was awarded the VC . He was one of three men from his regiment ( the other were Lieutenant Richard Ernest William Turner and Sergeant Edward James Gibson Holland ) who were awarded the VC for actions on 7 November 1900 during the Battle of Leliefontein at the Komati River , South Africa . The citations were published in the London Gazette of 23 April 1901 . His read : He received the VC from the Duke of Cornwall and York ( later King George V ) in Toronto 11 October 1901 , in a medal ceremony during the visit to Canada of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York . Further information . He later achieved the rank of Major , and died in a horse riding accident in 1913 . Cockburn is buried at St . James Cemetery , Toronto , Ontario with a headstone at Hill A . Section S 1 / 2 . Lot 11 . The medal . Cockburn ' s VC and sword were displayed in the lobby of Upper Canada College . In 1977 , due to a number of recent thefts and " losses " of Victoria Cross medals the school replaced the VC with a top grade copy and moved the original to their bank safety deposit box .
Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas ( Avô , Oliveira do Hospital , Portugal , 3 February 1596 - Avô , Oliveira do Hospital , Portugal , 8 August 1656 ) was a Portuguese soldier , poet and writer , author of the poem " Viriato Trágico " . During his youth he traveled to the Portuguese colony of Brazil , and trough parts of Europe ( France , Italy and Spain ) . He then fought in the Portuguese Restoration War , where he organized a battalion of volunteers known as the " Company of the Lions of Beira " . As a reward for his services , he was awarded with the governorship of the Castle of Alfaites at the Portuguese border . After disobeying the general of the Beira province , Sancho Manoel de Vilhena , he was arrested and held at the Castle of Sabugal . He then wrote to king John IV of Portugal the epic poem " Viriato Trágico " , as a way of justifying his actions and requesting a forgiveness . The king , impressed with his talent and skill , returned him to freedom . His work , posthumously edited in 1699 , was re - edited in 1846 . He married in 19 February 1645 , with Maria da Fonseca da Costa .
Thomas Cahey Thomas Cahey ( April 13 , 1870 – January 5 , 1935 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Born in Belfast , Ireland , on April 13 , 1870 , Cahey immigrated to the United States and joined the U . S . Navy from New York . By March 31 , 1901 , he was serving as a seaman on the . On that day , he helped rescue several crewmates during a fire on the ship . For these actions , he was awarded the Medal of Honor a year later , on March 22 , 1902 . Cahey ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Petrel " for heroism and gallantry , fearlessly exposing his own life to danger in saving others on the occasion of the fire on board that vessel , 31 March 1901 . Cahey reached the rank of chief gunner ' s mate before leaving the Navy . He died at age 64 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County , Virginia .
Battery " D " West Virginia Light Artillery The Battery " D " West Virginia Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " D " was organized at Wheeling in western Virginia on August 20 , 1862 . Battery " D " was mustered out on June 27 , 1865 . Commander . Captain John Carlin
USS Arkansas ( BM - 7 ) The second USS " Arkansas " , a single - turreted " New Navy " monitor and one of the last monitors built for the United States Navy , was laid down 14 November 1899 by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company ; launched 10 November 1900 ; commissioned on 28 October 1902 , Commander Charles Edward Vreeland in command . Service history . After shakedown , " Arkansas ’ " first duty was with the U . S . Naval Academy as an instruction and cruise ship for midshipmen . She was then assigned to the Coast Squadron , North Atlantic Fleet , and cruised off the east coast , in the Gulf of Mexico , and in the West Indies . She continued to make summer practice cruises with midshipmen , however , and in 1906 was again assigned to the Naval Academy for instructional purposes . Renamed Ozark , 2 March 1909 , she was assigned to the District of Columbia Naval Militia from 26 June 1910 to 6 March 1913 . Later that month she began refitting in Norfolk , Virginia as a submarine tender and began duties as a tender 12 July . After special duty in Mexican waters during most of 1914 , she participated in Atlantic Fleet maneuvers in 1915 and operated in the Chesapeake Bay area in 1916 . World War I . " Ozark " was ordered to SubDiv 6 , Atlantic Fleet , 6 April 1917 and soon proceeded to Tampico , Mexico where she cruised off the coast protecting American and Allied interests . She sailed for New Orleans , 18 December 1918 after which she cruised off Key West , Central America and the Panama Canal Zone . She returned to Hampton Roads 23 June 1919 and decommissioned in Philadelphia , 20 August . " Ozark " was sold , 26 January 1922 . References .
Alistair Irwin Lieutenant General Sir Alistair Stuart Hastings Irwin , KCB , CBE ( born 27 August 1948 ) is a former Adjutant - General to the Forces in the United Kingdom and Commandant of Sandhurst . Early life . Irwin was born on 27 August 1948 in Dundee . He was educated at Lambrook preparatory school , Wellington College and the University of St Andrews , graduating in Political Economy . Military career . After university , Irwin was commissioned into the Black Watch as a second Lieutenant ( on probation ) on 10 August 1970 . On 16 February 1971 , his commission was confirmed with seniority from 25 July 1969 . He was promoted to lieutenant on 25 January 1971 , to captain on 25 July 1975 , and to major on 30 September 1980 . In 1981 to 1982 , he was posted to the Ministry of Defence as General Staff Officer II ( Weapons ) . He was second in command of the 1st Battalion , The Black Watch from 1983 to 1984 . On 30 June 1985 , he was promoted to lieutenant colonel . In that year , he returned to Ministry of Defence and joined the Directorate of Command Control and Communications Systems ( Army ) . He was also appointed Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion , Black Watch in 1985 . From 1992 to 1994 he commanded 39 Infantry Brigade in Northern Ireland . In 1997 he was appointed Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and in 1999 he became Military Secretary . He served as General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland from December 2000 to January 2003 when he was appointed Adjutant - General to the Forces , a post he held until he retired in June 2005 . During his tour as Adjutant - General he strongly defended the Future Army Structure , particularly the creation of the Royal Regiment of Scotland from the regiments of the Scottish Division . Later life . Irwin is President of the Royal British Legion for Scotland . Honours and decorations . Irwin was Mentioned in Despatches on 14 April 1987 " in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in Northern Ireland " . He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 1987 Queen ' s Birthday Honours . He was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) on 22 November 1994 " in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in Northern Ireland during the period 1st October 1993 to 31st March 1994 " . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) in the 2002 Queen ' s Birthday Honours . He was honorary Colonel of Tayforth Universities Officer Training Corps from 2006 to 2008 . References .