naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Kosmos 1783 Kosmos 1783 ( meaning " Cosmos 1783 " ) is a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1986 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1783 was launched from Site 41 / 1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 13 : 05 UTC on 3 October 1986 . The launch placed the satellite into a molniya orbit but not into a usable orbit due to upper stage failure . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1986 - 075A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 16993 .
HMS Cumberland ( 1710 ) HMS " Cumberland " was a three - deck 80 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 27 December 1710 . Her design corresponded to that laid down by the 1706 Establishment of dimensions for 80 - gun ships . On 4 September 1733 she was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Woolwich according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment . She was relaunched on 11 July 1739 . In 1747 , she was reduced to a 66 - gun ship . " Cumberland " was lost in 1760 after foundering .
OB Süd The German Army Command in the South ( " Oberbefehlshaber Süd " ( German : initials OB Süd ) was the overall command of all the Luftwaffe units based in the Mediterranean and North African theatre of World War II . It was subordinated to the Italian High Command ( " Comando Supremo " ) . The " Oberbefehlshaber Süd " was also the commander of Luftflotte 2 .
Frank Sweigart Frank Sweigart is a former officer in the United States Navy . Sweigart retired from the Navy in 2004 , with the rank of Captain , and was appointed the Deputy Director of the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants ( OARDEC ) , He was subsequently promoted to replace his boss Admiral James M . McGarrah . As Director of OARDEC Sweigart is notable for having the responsibility to oversee the operation of the annual Administrative Review Board hearings for approximately 250 captives the United States holds in extrajudicial detention in it Guantanamo Bay detention camp s , in Cuba . He also has the responsibility to oversee Combatant Status Review Tribunal s for any newly arrived captives . The Combatant Status Review Tribunals and Administrative Review Board hearings are new procedures whose structure and operation are modeled after the procedures laid out in Army Regulation 190 - 8 for determining if a captive was entitled to the protections of Prisoner of War status . The OARDEC procedures however have more limited mandates . Controversially , the Bush Presidency asserts that the USA is not obliged to honor captives apprehended in Afghanistan with the protections of the Geneva Conventions . Combatant Status Review Tribunals determine if captives meet a new definition — that of " enemy combatant " . Administrative Review Boards determine if captives continue to represent a threat to the USA , or hold any intelligence value . Five new captives arrived in Guantanamo in 2007 , who have not yet had their " enemy combatant " status reviewed .
Haramaki ( armour ) Haramaki is a type of chest armour ( " dou or dō " ) worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan and their retainers . Description . " Haramaki " were originally constructed with the same materials as the o - yoroi but designed for foot soldiers to use as opposed to the o - yoroi which was for mounted warfare . " Haramaki " refers to any Japanese armour which is put on from the front and then fastened in the back with cords . Other types of dou ( dō ) open from the side ( " ni - mai dou ( dō ) " , " dou ( dō ) - maru " , " maru - dou ( dō ) " ) instead of opening from the back as the " haramaki dou ( dō ) " does . Modern " haramaki " refer to a thick cloth undergarment worn around the belly to increase body heat retention during the winter .
USS Pawnee ( SP - 699 ) USS " Pawnee " ( SP - 699 ) , later USS " SP - 699 " , formerly named " Monoloa II " , a wooden - hulled yacht , was built in 1904 by George Lawley & Son , Neponset , Massachusetts ; purchased by the Navy on 26 June 1917 from Gordon Dexter of Beverly , Massachusetts ; and commissioned on 1 July 1917 . " Pawnee " subsequently had her name dropped in 1918 and was listed as " SP – 699 " . She was outfitted with sweep gear and served as a section minesweeper until she decommissioned and was sold on 12 July 1921 to George E . Johnson and O . T . Ledberg of Edgewood , Rhode Island .
M1894 210mm Belgian mortar The M1894 210mm Belgian mortar is based upon a 100mm caliber mortar created in 1890 as a siege weapon . 150mm and 240mm versions also existed . Ammunition . At first the mortar fired 21 cm grenade s filled with gunpowder , then after 1885 it used the ten times as powerful explosive shell s .
Greg Maddison Vice - Admiral Gregory Ralph Maddison CMM , MSC , CD is a retired officer of the Canadian Forces . He was Chief of the Maritime Staff from 1997 to 2001 . Career . Maddison joined the Canadian Forces in 1972 . He became Commanding Officer of the destroyer HMCS " Athabaskan " in 1986 , Director Maritime Operations Plans and Reserves in 1989 and Commander of the First Canadian Destroyer Squadron in 1991 . He went on to be Commander of NATO ' s Standing Naval Force Atlantic in 1993 , Assistant Chief of Staff ( Personnel & Training ) in 1994 and Chief of the Maritime Staff in September 1997 . His last appointment was as Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in May 2001 before retiring in 2005 .
Albini - Braendlin rifle The Albini rifle ( or Albini - Braendlin rifle ) was a single - shot 11mm rifle adopted by Belgium in 1867 . The action on the Albini rifle was designed by an Italian officer Augusto Albini and was perfected by an English gunsmith , Francis Braendlin . Initially , there were delays and problems with its delivery as the rifle seemed to have extractor issues and the Terssen rifle was adopted as a temporary measure . But once the problem was fixed and the availability of Albinis increased , Terssens were eventually withdrawn from service . The Albini rifles were eventually replaced by M1870 Belgian Comblain rifles beginning in the 1870s . Distinguishing characteristics . The rifle was a front - hinged , forward lifting action that had a mechanism that worked together with the hammer - striker assembly to simultaneously lock and fire the rifle . The breech block itself houses longitudinal spring - loaded firing pin which is struck by a cylindrical striker , the back end of which is attached to the hammer via a screw through the hammer nose , and which passes longitudinally through the rear of the receiver behind the firing pin . When fired , the striker moves into the back of the breech block striking the firing pin and locking the block in place at ignition . Both striker and firing pin move in the same line as the rifle bore . Pulling the hammer back withdraws the striker from the breech block allowing it to be lifted on its pivot pin by means of a small fixed knob on the right side of the block .
15 cm Kanone M 80 The 15 cm Kanone M 80 was a siege gun used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . Designed to replace the M 61 series of siege guns the M 80 family of siege guns offered greater range and armor penetration than the older guns . The proven steel - bronze ( 92 % copper bronze strengthened by autofrettage ) was used for the barrel and the iron carriage lacked any system to absorb recoil other than the traditional recoil wedges placed underneath and behind the wheels of the carriage . These wedges helped to absorb the recoil force and encouraged the wheels to run forward to bring the gun back into battery . Generally a wooden firing platform was constructed for these guns in action to provide a level and smooth surface . Shortly after these guns were adopted a hydraulic recoil cylinder was adapted to absorb the recoil forces . It was attached to the underside of the carriage and the firing platform . For transport the barrel was removed from the carriage by a crane and carried separately . These siege guns were no longer useful against modern armored fortresses by the outbreak of World War I and many saw action in the field to fill the need for heavy artillery .
Papoose Lake Papoose Lake is a dry lake bed located in Lincoln County , Nevada , USA . The lake lies within the plot of land referred to as the Groom Lake facility ( aka Area 51 ) and is a restricted area . The lake is located a few miles southwest of the Groom lake facility nestled adjacent the Papoose Range .
Battery H , 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery Battery H , 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized in Providence , Rhode Island and mustered in October 14 , 1862 for a three year enlistment under the command of Captain Crawford Allen , Jr . . The battery was attached to Camp Barry , Military District of Washington , October 1862 . Stannard ' s 2nd Brigade , Casey ' s Division , Military District Washington , to February 1863 . Artillery , Casey ' s Division , XXII Corps , Department of Washington , to April 1863 . Artillery , Abercrombie ' s Division , XXII Corps , to May 1863 . 3rd Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps , to November 1863 . Camp Barry , XXII Corps , to April 1864 . Artillery , 1st Division , IX Corps , Army of the Potomac , to May 1864 . Reserve Artillery , IX Corps , to June 1864 . 2nd Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps , to July 1864 . 1st Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps , to October 1864 . City Point , Virginia , Department of Virginia and North Carolina , to December 1864 . Artillery Reserve , Army of the Potomac , to January 1865 . Artillery Brigade , VI Corps , to June 1865 . Battery H , 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery mustered out of service at Providence , Rhode Island on June 28 , 1865 and was discharged July 3 , 1865 . Detailed service . Left Rhode Island for Washington , D . C . , October 23 . Duty at Camp Barry , Washington , D . C . , until January 1863 . Moved to Fairfax Station January 19 – 23 , and duty there until March 23 . Moved to Union Mills March 23 , and duty there until May 20 . Moved to Chantilly , Va . , May 20 , and duty there until June 25 . Moved to Fairfax Court House June 25 , then to Arlington Heights , and duty in the defenses of Washington , south of the Potomac , until April 1864 . Rapidan Campaign May 3 – 10 . Battle of the Wilderness May 5 – 7 . Spotsylvania May 8 – 10 . March to Fredericksburg , then to Aquia Creek May 10 – 18 , then moved to Washington . Duty at Fort Richardson until July 10 , and at Fort Smith until October 16 . At Camp Barry until October 25 . Moved to City Point , Va . , October 25 – 26 , and duty there until January 2 , 1865 . Ordered to join the Army of the Potomac January 2 . Siege of Petersburg January 2 - April 2 . Fort Fisher , Petersburg , March 25 . Appomattox Campaign March 28 - April 9 . Assault on and fall of Petersburg April 2 . Sayler ' s Creek April 6 . High Bridge and Farmville April 7 . Appomattox Court House April 9 . Surrender of Lee and his army . March to Danville April 23 – 27 , then to Burkesville Station May 3 – 6 . Moved to Washington , D . C . , via City Point and Richmond May 20 - June 7 . Corps Review June 8 . Ordered to Providence , R . I . , June 13 . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 12 men during service ; 2 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 10 enlisted men died of disease .
USS Washington ( 1776 frigate ) USS " Washington " was a Continental Navy frigate laid down in 1776 but never completed . " Washington " was among thirteen frigates authorized to be constructed for the new Continental Navy by an Act of Congress of 13 December 1775 , and among four to be built at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The act called for all thirteen ships to be ready for sea by March 1776 . Official designs were drawn up for the ships , but credit for their design is a matter of dispute , with Joshua Humphreys , John Wharton , and Nathaniel Falconer all being possible designers . In any event , plans had been drawn up and copies made of them by 2 February 1776 , too late for the ships to be completed by March 1776 . The design of the 32 - gun frigate USS " Randolph " , also built at Philadelphia under the same construction program , probably to the same design as " Washington " - the two ships may even have been sisters - provides insight into the design of " Washington " , which has not survived . " Randolph " s design appears to have been inspired by British 36 - gun frigates of the period . This resulted in a ship with a similar beam and depth of hold to the 36 - gun British ships , but longer than the 36 - gun frigates of the time , and thus oversized for her rate - much in the way the French Navy built oversized ships at that time . " Randolph " was planned to be somewhat more lightly built than the British frigates that inspired her design , with a broader frame spacing and a much more raked bow , but with less freeboard . The thirteen ships were named on 6 June 1776 . " Washington " , built by Manuel Eyre , Jehu Eyre , and Benjamin Eyre , was launched on 2 August 1776 . She was not yet completed when British forces advancing on Philadelphia in 1777 during the American Revolutionary War threatened to capture her , and she was scuttled incomplete on 2 November 1777 to prevent capture . The portion of her hull remaining above water was burned in May 1778 , while her bottom was salvaged and sold in Philadelphia .
Gervais Parker General Gervais Parker ( also spelled Gervase ; 1695 – 19 June 1750 ) was a British Army officer . He was the elder surviving son of the Jacobite Colonel John Parker by his first wife Johanna Rouse . His younger brother , Rear - Admiral Christopher Parker , was the father of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Peter Parker , 1st Baronet . The family went into exile in France following Colonel Parker ' s service at the Battle of the Boyne , but Gervais escaped from his father and joined the English army . Parker was commissioned an ensign in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards on 27 December 1690 , and his early career was assisted by his Williamite relatives . He was made lieutenant in Brigadier - General William Steuart ' s Regiment of Foot on 1 December 1695 , then lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers on 17 May 1697 , being appointed adjutant and quartermaster of the regiment on 17 November 1700 . He was made lieutenant of a company again on 21 April 1701 , and his commission was renewed by Queen Anne on 24 August 1702 . He was promoted to captain - lieutenant on 23 December 1702 , and captain of a company on 15 March 1703 . During the War of the Spanish Succession he served in Flanders and Spain . On 24 December 1707 he was granted brevet rank as a colonel of Foot , and promoted to brigadier - general on 14 March 1727 , major - general on 6 October 1735 , lieutenant - general on 2 July 1739 and general of Foot on 25 March 1747 . Parker served as Governor of Cork , and was awarded the freedom of the city on 23 January 1726 . In 1726 he was made Governor of Kinsale , and on 22 October 1731 he was returned as Member for Kinsale in the Irish House of Commons , but he was declared not duly elected on 25 November . On 2 June 1740 he was admitted to the Privy Council of Ireland , and he served as commander - in - chief of the forces in Ireland until 1750 . Gervais Parker had a son , also named Gervais , who served under him as fort - major at Kinsale but predeceased him on 4 August 1739 .
Iranian frigate Alvand Iranian frigate " Alvand " ( ) , a British - made Vosper Mark V class frigate ( also known as " Alvand " class frigate ) , was commissioned in 1971 as part of a four - ship order and is the lead ship of the class and flagship of the Iranian Navy . The ship was originally called " Saam " , named after the " Saam " class ( which is named after Sām , a mythical hero of ancient Persia , and an important character in the Shahnameh ) as it was the lead - ship . But after the Islamic Revolution the class was renamed to Alvand class , after the Alvand mountain - chain and so this ship , being the lead ship was renamed Alvand . The ship is rarely seen outside the Persian Gulf nowadays , although it did join the Indian Navy ' s ' Bridges of Friendship ' , held in Bombay on February 17 , 2001 to celebrate India ' s 50th anniversary as republic where in 60 Indian vessels and 24 foreign vessels ( including " Alvand " ) participated . " Alvand " appeared to be in good state despite being thirty years old . In 2010 it participated in the 60th anniversary of the Sri Lanka Navy . " Alvand " entered the Suez Canal on 22 February 2011 , with the supply vessel " Kharg " , on a deployment reported to be a training mission to Latakia , Syria .
Iñigo I d ' Avalos Íñigo I d ' Avalos ( or " Innico " ; died 1484 ) was an Aragonese general . His grandfather , Ruy López d´Ávalos , had been constable of Castile . Iñigo came to Italy with Alfonso V of Aragon in 1442 . He took part in the naval battle of Ponza in 1435 . In 1452 , after the Aragon ese conquest of the Kingdom of Naples , he was made Count of Monteodorisio . In 1452 he married Antonella d ' Aquino , heiress to the marquisate of Pescara , which was thenceforth part of the family ' s fiefs . Iñigo died in Naples in 1480 : his lands were inherited by his son Alphonso . His grandsons Alfonso and Fernando and his great grandson Francesco Ferdinando d ' Avalos were generals for Spain in the Italian Wars .
Pensacola - class cruiser The " Pensacola " class of United States Navy heavy cruiser s were the first " treaty cruisers " , designed under the limitations set by the Washington Naval Treaty , which limited cruisers to a maximum of 10 , 000 tons displacement and a maximum main battery caliber of 8 inches . Description . In an effort to remain within treaty limits , while still mounting a very heavy main battery of ten 8 " guns , the hull was of welded construction , and the armor belt was thin ( varying from 2 . 5 to 4 inches in thickness ) . This was inadequate to protect her vitals from enemy 8 " shells and was no thicker than the armor on 6 " gun cruisers . In fact , " Pensacola " and " Salt Lake City " were classified as light cruisers due to their minimal armor until re - designated in July 1931 as heavy cruisers in accord with international practice of designating all cruisers with guns larger than 6 " as heavy cruisers . Flush - decked and with their main battery equally divided fore and aft , they were handsome and well proportioned ships . Their main armament consisted of ten guns , in two twin turrets on the main deck , and two triple turrets two decks above , making it one of the two US Navy ship classes ( besides the s ) to have different - sized turrets for main armament . All guns in each turret were mounted in a single slide , and were unable to elevate independently of each other . Also , unlike the very few other ships with different sized main battery turrets ( " Nevada " - class battleships and " King George V " - class battleships , the " Pensacolas " had the larger turrets superfiring over the smaller turrets . ( The original design for the s would have shared this unique arrangement , as they called for ten guns , with the triple turrets superfiring over twin turrets , and would have appeared like scaled up " Pensacola " s . ) Placing heavier turrets above lighter ones allows for finer lines for a given length , however this causes top heavyness and reduces stability . Unfortunately , because of the rather unusual main battery layout and their heavy tripod fore - masts , they were top - heavy and prone to excessive rolling . This combined with low freeboard forward made them inferior seaboats compared to later designs . Rework in the shipyards modified the hull and superstructure in the 1930s to eliminate the rolling . The Navy only built two ships in this class before switching to the design . Many of the deficiencies of the " Pensacola " - class were corrected by reducing the main battery to three triple turrets ( two forward , one aft ) and adding an additional upper deck forward of amidships .
Skylark ( rocket ) Skylark was a British sounding rocket design . The Skylark was first launched in 1957 from Woomera , Australia and its 441st and final launch took place from Esrange , Sweden on 2 May 2005 . Launches had been carried out from sites in Europe , Australia , and South America , with use far beyond the UK by NASA , the European Space Research Organisation ( ESRO ) , and German and Swedish space organizations . The design first dates to 1955 , when initial work was carried out by the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough and the Rocket Propulsion Establishment at Westcott . The first vehicles were ready less than two years later , and sent for testing to Woomera during the International Geophysical Year . During the 1960s Skylark evolved into an excellent platform for space astronomy , with its ability to point at the Sun , Moon , or a star . It was used to obtain the first good - quality X - ray images of the solar corona . Within the UK national programme , the frequency of Skylark launches peaked at 20 in 1965 ( from Woomera ) , with 198 flights between 1957 and 1978 . The first X - ray surveys of the sky in the Southern Hemisphere were provided by Skylark launches . It was also used with high precision in September and October 1972 in an effort to locate the optical counterpart of X - ray source GX3 + 1 by lunar occultation . Skylarks were built in some numbers into the 1970s , until the UK government decided to end the programme in 1977 , thinking that future " low weight " research would be carried out on the Space Shuttle instead . The programme was handed to British Aerospace , who later sold it to Matra Marconi Space , who in 1999 in turn sold it to a small private company , Sounding Rocket Services , based in Bristol . The basic Skylark is long , in diameter and has a fin span of . Booster stages can increase the height to . The original version was propelled by of solid fuel , which enabled to be launched to an altitude of over . Improvements were made to the engine and the use of a booster increased the payload to in 1960 . Skylark 12 , from 1976 , could lift to altitude . Due to its small mass and low thrust , the original version of the Skylark had to be launched from a tilting tower to overcome the effects of the wind . Later versions only required a simple trailer . Skylark Rockets are on display in the following locations :
Frederick Dean ( SA Navy ) Commodore Frederick Dean OBE ( 1900 – 1977 ) was a South African military commander . During World War I he served with the Mercantile Marine , attached to the Royal Navy . He became a Sub - Lieutenant in the RNR and served in submarines . He joined the South African arm of the RNVR as a Lieutenant . In 1940 he became Officer Commanding of HMSAS Southern Barrier , sweeping the Agulhas Bank , which earned him an OBE . From 1942 he was Commanding Officer , Cape Town Detachment , Seaward Defence Force . In 1945 he became Commander Seaward Defences , South African Naval Forces , effectively the head of the South African Navy . Later career . He was a trustee of the National War Museum from 1946 to 1952 .