naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Task Force 77 ( United States Navy ) Task Force 77 has been the aircraft carrier battle / strike force of the United States Seventh Fleet in the United States Navy ( USN ) since the Seventh Fleet was formed . Task Group 77 . 4 was at the centre of the Battle off Samar in 1944 , part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf . During the Korean War , Task Force 77 performed a number of combat deployments , where it provided air support and performed interdiction missions as part of the UN forces . Task Force 77 had carrier stations in both the Sea of Japan ( East Coast Task Force ) and the Yellow Sea ( West Coast Task Force , designated Task Force 95 ) , the latter consisting of carriers of the Royal Navy , Royal Australian Navy , and USN escort carriers due to its proximity to the People ' s Republic of China . Seventeen USN , one RAN , and five RN carriers served in United Nations carrier operations at some point in time during the Korean War . Between conflicts Task Force 77 was held in readiness for supporting French operations during the siege of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 , and off Formosa ( now Taiwan ) during the several Quemoy - Matsu Crises . It also conducted limited operations over Laos in 1962 and 1964 before the commitment of U . S . combat forces to the Vietnam War . During the Vietnam War , Task Force 77 conducted carrier strike operations from the Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea for nine years , from 1964 to 1973 . Twenty - one of the Navy ' s 23 operational carriers made at least one cruise with the Task Force and served over 9 , 100 days on the line .
AGM - 63 The AGM - 63 was a missile design produced by the United States of America . It was conceived in March 1962 when the U . S . Navy issued two requirements for long - range Anti - Radiation Missiles ( ARMs ) to complement the short - range AGM - 45 Shrike . The first was to operate over ranges of up to 50 nm ( 90 km ) , while the second would be capable of operating out to 100 nm ( 180 km ) . Development of the ARM I was approved in 1963 ; the missile was given the designation ZAGM - 63A . However no funds were made available as other ARM programs such as the improved AGM - 45 Shrike , and the development of the AGM - 78 Standard ARM and AGM - 88 HARM were given a higher priority . The AGM - 63 continued on for several years as a purely theoretical missile . No design or configuration was ever settled on , and the project was cancelled in the late 1960s .
Spain ' s National Exhibition of Ship Building Spain ’ s National Exhibition of Ship Building ( Exponav ) is an all year round permanent exhibition dedicated to the history of shipbuilding in Spain since it ’ s most humble and obscure beginnings in the Middle Ages to its present day covering different periods which include amongst others the Spanish Empire , the Discovery of America , Enlightenment and Industrial Age . This exhibition opened its doors permanently on 10 March 2008 and it ’ s open to the public free of charge . There are special provisions made for visiting schools and other educational institutions to make the whole experience a rich visit . The Naval station of El Ferrol , in North - western Spain has been chosen as the permanent base to host this exhibition indefinitely . Listed Building : Special Architecture , History and Cultural Significance . The building chosen in Ferrol to host this exhibition is the “ Building of Herrerias ” ( " a . k . a . Edificio de Herrerías " ) a good example of Spanish neoclassical architecture fully restored to its former glory when it was newly built in the 18th century
Cohortes urbanae The cohortes urbanae ( Latin meaning " urban cohorts " ) of ancient Rome were created by Augustus to counterbalance the enormous power of the Praetorian Guard in the city of Rome and serve as a police force . They were led by the urban prefect . Duties . Their primary role was to police Rome and to counteract the roaming mobs and gang s that so often haunted its streets during the Republic . The urban cohorts thus acted as a heavy duty police force , capable of riot control duties , while their contemporaries , the Vigiles , had the day - to - day role of policing the streets and protecting against fires . As a trained paramilitary organization , the urban cohorts could , on rare occasions , take to the field of battle if necessary . This role , however , was only called upon in dire situations . Augustus established a city police force at Rome consisting of three cohorts ( cohortes urbanae ) under a newly appointed prefect of the city . By this time the gangs of Titus Milo , Publius Clodius , etc . which had been used by politicians during the Republic had been eliminated , mostly due to the efforts of Pompeius Magnus and , with the founding of the Principate , had become moot since power no longer resided in the Senate and elected officials . Unlike the Vigiles , who mostly operated at night as firewatch and watchmen , members of the Urban Cohorts were considered legionaries though with higher pay than the regular legions — if not quite as much as the Praetorian Guards , and tended to receive slightly higher donatives though , again , not as much as the Praetorians . Organization . Originally the " cohortes urbanae " were divided into three cohorts , each cohort being commanded by one tribune and six centurions . In the time of the Flavians this was increased to four cohorts . Each cohort contained around five hundred men . Only free citizens were eligible to serve in their ranks . As with the Praetorians , the men of the Urban cohorts were predominantly of Italian stock . Urban cohorts , ( known as city cohorts in non roman cities ) were later created in both the Roman north African city of Carthage and the city of Lyon , France , known to the Romans as Gaul .
Armored Gun System The Armored Gun System was a competition in the 1980s to design a light tank to replace the M551 Sheridan in the 82nd Airborne Division , as well as being expected to replace TOW - equipped HMMWVs in the 2d Stryker Cavalry Regiment ( 2nd ACR ) . Cadillac Gage offered its Stingray light tank with the traditional four - man layout . FMC offered the Close combat Vehicle Light ( CCVL ) with a three - man configuration . Teledyne offered its Expeditionary tank which had a two - man layout with an experimental unmanned turret . In 1992 , FMC ' s design was selected and type classified as the M8 Armored Gun System .
Ernest John Spooner Rear - Admiral Ernest John Spooner , DSO , ( 1887 – 1942 ) was one of the senior Royal Navy officers at Singapore during the World War II Japanese invasion of Malaya and the subsequent fall of Singapore . Early career . Educated at West Downs School in Winchester , Spooner joined Royal Navy and served in World War I . He became Deputy Director at the Operations Diision of the Admiralty in 1932 , commanding officer of the Navigation School at Portsmouth in 1934 and commanding officer of the cruiser HMS " Vindictive " in 1937 before becoming commanding officer of the battlecruiser HMS " Repulse " in 1938 . The Malaya Campaign . Spooner served in World War II and was ordered to Singapore to take up the post of Rear Admiral , Malaya in 1941 . When the Japanese launched their invasion of Malaya on December 8 , 1941 , Spooner initially had two immediate superiors : Admiral Sir Tom Phillips ( Commander - in - Chief , Eastern Fleet ) and Vice - Admiral Geoffrey Layton ( Senior Naval Officer , Malaya ) . However , Admiral Philips was killed when his flagship HMS " Prince of Wales " was sunk along with HMS " Repulse " on December 10 by Japanese bombers . Then on January 5 , 1942 , Vice - Admiral Layton , who had replaced Phillips , moved his headquarters to the island of Java to streamline the organization of supply convoys to the Dutch East Indies and Malaya . This left Spooner as the senior naval officer in Singapore . By the end of January , the Royal Navy had almost no real fighting strength left in Malaya , and the decision was taken to abandon Singapore in favor of Java . Most naval personnel were evacuated aboard the merchantman " Empire Star " on February 12 , but Spooner and a few others remained behind to assist in organizing the evacuation of civilians from the island , which was now just days away from surrender . Spooner ' s wife was one of those who was evacuated . The evacuations were a dismal affair due to circumstances beyond Spooner ' s control . The situation had become so dire that anything more than rudimentary coordination was impossible . Furthermore , Japanese naval and air forces operating in the seas around Malaya destroyed many of the ships that left Singapore in the final days before the surrender on February 15 . One of the unfortunate vessels caught up in the attempted escapes was the " ML 310 " transporting Spooner , Air Vice - Marshal Conway Pulford and some 40 others . The vessel was attacked by Japanese aircraft and its passengers became stranded on a small island called Chibia ( Tjibia , Tjebia ) . Chibia was part of the Juju group located north of Bangka Island , and was uninhabited . Even worse , there was almost no fresh water . Despite British search efforts , the stranded refugees remained on the island for two months before disease and starvation forced the survivors to surrender to the Japanese . By that time , both Spooner and Pulford had died of exhaustion and malaria . Family . In 1926 Spooner married the noted soprano Megan Foster .
Arthur Thomas Thrupp Arthur Thomas Thrupp ( 8 June 1828 – 4 May 1889 ) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the Crimean War and Opium Wars , who held several sea commands , including , which he deliberately beached at the isolated Île Saint - Paul when she became unseaworthy . Early life . Born in 1828 at Paddington to Charles Joseph Thrupp and Harriet Thrupp " neé " Styan , and the younger brother of coachbuilder George Athelstane Thrupp , Thrupp entered the Royal Navy in 1843 . Military career . Thrupp became a lieutenant on 25 February 1852 and served as lieutenant of HMS " Cruiser " , which saw service in the Baltic from 1854 to 1855 during the Crimean War . As lieutenant of HMS " Nimrod " , he saw service in the Far East during the Opium Wars , and was mentioned for services at the capture of the Taku ( Peiho ) Forts on 20 May 1858 . Thrupp was promoted to commander on 17 September 1858 , and served as commander aboard HMS " Desperate " in the North American Station and the West Indies , from 30 July 1862 to 7 November 1863 . Promoted to captain on 16 December 1865 , Thrupp was in command of HMS " Megaera " when she was wrecked on St . Paul Island in 1871 . He was completely exonerated by the ensuing court martial and subsequently served as captain of HMS " Topaze " from 21 July 1874 to 22 May 1877 . On 1 April 1878 , Thrupp became captain of as part of the Coast Guard in Liverpool . From 1879 to 1881 he served as naval aide - de - camp to Queen Victoria . On 31 December 1881 , he was promoted to rear - admiral , and on 7 July 1885 to retired rear - admiral . His final promotion was on 19 June 1888 when he was promoted to vice - admiral on the retired list . Later life . Thrupp died at Bideford , Devon on 4 May 1889 at the age of 60 .
John F . Driggs John Fletcher Driggs ( March 8 , 1813 – December 17 , 1877 ) was a politician from the U . S . state of Michigan . Biography . Driggs was born in Kinderhook , New York . He completed preparatory studies and moved with his parents to Tarrytown , New York , in 1825 . He moved to New York City in 1827 , where he was an apprentice , journeyman , and master mechanic in the trade of sash , door , and blind manufacturing , 1829 – 1856 . He was superintendent of the New York penitentiary and public institutions on Blackwells Island in 1844 Driggs moved to Michigan in 1856 and engaged in the real - estate business and salt manufacturing . He was president of the common council of East Saginaw , Michigan , in 1858 . He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives , 1859 – 1860 . He was tendered an appointment as colonel during the Civil War and organized the Twenty - ninth Michigan Infantry , July 29 , 1864 . Driggs was elected as a Republican becoming the first person to represent Michigan ' s 6th congressional district to the 38th , 39th , and 40th Congresses , serving from March 4 , 1863 to March 3 , 1869 . He was one of the committee members appointed to accompany the body of President Abraham Lincoln to Springfield , Illinois , for interment . Driggs was injured by a fall on the ice in the winter of 1875 – 1876 , as a result of which he died in East Saginaw . He was interred in Brady Hill Cemetery , Saginaw and was re - interred in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Saginaw .
Tiksi Airport Tiksi Aerodrome is located 1 km ( 0 . 6 mi ) northeast of Tiksi , Russia and was built in the 1950s as a staging base for Soviet Long Range Aviation bombers to reach the United States ( as a so - called ' bounce ' airdrome ) . It is used regularly by Tupolev Tu - 95 aircraft in military exercises , including one in 1999 , in which bombers practice travelling to the Canadian arctic . Two other nearby airfields known as Tiksi North and Tiksi West have been abandoned for decades , and are probable unusable according to satellite imagery . According to Farecompare . com , a total of 50 daily seats are flown into Tiksi Airport everyday . The only scheduled service to Tiksi is by an Antonov An - 24 turboprop airplane . 2012 closure . The airport was closed without notice on October 1 , 2012 by its owner , the Defense Ministry , due to the runway being unsafe and needing repair work . The closure was not coordinated with local or state government . Though the city was connected by winter roads , the loss of air service impaired the delivery of medicines , foods and other essential goods , and in February 2013 boilers in the city went out of service for an extended period . The issue rose to the highest levels of Russian government . Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev said in April 2013 " the Ministry of Defense committed a real mistake to jeopardize the existence of an entire village . This is an outrage . " . Negotiations between the Defense Ministry and Yakutia government led to an agreement to Antonov An - 24 service starting in June 2013 . Reconstruction of the runway in several phases is scheduled for 2013 with completion by about 2015 or 2016 .
Ehyophsta Ehyophsta ( Cheyenne for " Yellow - Haired Woman " ) was a Cheyenne woman . She was the daughter of Stands - in - the - Timber who died in 1849 , and she was the niece of Bad Faced Bull . She fought in the Battle of Beecher Island in 1868 , and also fought the Shoshone that same year , where she counted coup against one enemy and killed another . She fought the Shoshone again in 1869 . She was also a member of a secret society composed exclusively of Cheyenne women . She died in 1915 . She is one of the women in the Heritage Floor of the famous feminist installation art work , The Dinner Party , by Judy Chicago .
87 mm light field gun M1877 87 - mm light field gun M1877 ( ) was a field gun utilized in Russo - Japanese War , World War I , Russian Civil War and a number of interwar period armed conflicts with participants from the former Russian Empire . The gun was initially developed by Krupp , but was also produced in the Russian Empire . Russian - manufactured pieces differed from the German - manufactured ones in breech type and construction elevation mechanism . The gun lacked recoil mechanism . In addition to the standard variant , a lightweight version was produced . It had shorter barrel ( 18 calibers ) , which resulted in reduced muzzle velocity ( 412 m / s ) and range ( 6 km ) , but also in much lighter construction ( 360 kg ) . During World War I large number of guns were positioned in fortifications in western Finland . Early in the Finnish Civil War many of these guns were taken over by the Finnish White Guard and became its de facto standard artillery pieces . By the end of 1918 the Finnish Army possessed 144 guns of the type , but soon afterwards they were removed from active service because of obsolescence and their poor condition . A few remained in use in 1920s as practice pieces .
William Henry Mackinnon General Sir ( William ) Henry Mackinnon GCB KCVO ( 15 December 1852 – 17 March 1929 ) was a British Army General during World War I . Military career . Educated at Harrow School , Henry Mackinnon was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1870 . He was appointed Military Secretary to Governor of Malta in 1884 and then Private Secretary to the Governor of Madras in India in 1885 - 1887 . He then became Assistant Adjutant General at Home District in 1893 and Colonel commanding the City of London Imperial Volunteers in 1899 . He served in the Second Boer War in 1900 and then became Director of Auxiliary Forces in 1905 and Director General of the Territorial Force in 1908 . He was appointed General Officer Commanding - in - Chief for Western Command in 1910 ; he retired in 1916 . He lived at Carlisle Place in London . Family . In 1881 he married Madeleine Frances Hatton and they went on to have one daughter .
Rohingya massacre in 1942 During World War II , Japanese forces invaded Burma , then under British colonial rule . The British forces retreated and in the power vacuum left behind , considerable inter communal violence erupted between Buddhist Rakhine and Muslim Rohingya villagers . The British armed Rohingyas in northern Arakan to create a buffer zone from Japanese invasion when they retreated . The period also witnessed violence between groups loyal to the British and Burmese nationalists . Inter communal violence . Aye Chan , a historian at the Kanda University , has written that as a consequence of acquiring arms from the British during World War II , Rohingyas tried to destroy the Arakanese villages instead of resisting the Japanese . On 28 March 1942 , around 5 , 000 Muslims in Minbya and Mrohaung Township s were killed by Rakhine nationalists and Karenni . Rohingya Muslims from Northern Rakhine State killed around 20 , 000 Arakanese , including the Deputy Commissioner U Oo Kyaw Khaing , who was killed while trying to settle the dispute . Persecution by the Japanese forces . The Japanese committed countless acts of rape , murder and torture against thousands of Rohingya . In this period , around 22 , 000 Rohingya are believed to have crossed the border into Bengal , then part of British India , to escape the violence . Defeated , 40 , 000 Rohingya eventually fled to Chittagong after repeated massacres by the Burmese and Japanese forces .
James Durand ( British Army officer ) Lieutenant - General James Durand ( died 1766 ) was a British soldier . He served as an officer in the 1st Foot Guards , rising to the rank of captain and lieutenant - colonel in May 1748 , and to major ( with the rank of colonel ) in 1753 . He was appointed major - general in 1759 , and rose to the lieutenant - colonelcy of the 1st Foot Guards in 1760 . In 1761 he was appointed lieutenant - general , and in June 1765 made the colonel of the 56th Regiment of Foot . He died in 1766 and was buried at St Mary ' s , Twickenham on 6 March ; his wife Cornelia had been buried there on 12 January the same year .
Frank Matteson Bostwick Frank Matteson Bostwick ( April 13 , 1857 - December 20 , 1945 ) was a Commodore in the United States Navy . Biography . Bostwick was born on in Janesville , Wisconsin . He married Elvira Gregg Hartwell on August 14 , 1879 . Bostwick and his wife are buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . After graduating from the United States Naval Academy in 1877 Bostwick served on the Pacific Station , at Mare Island Navy Yard , California , and on the Asiatic Station , until 1898 . He served aboard the protected cruiser during the Spanish – American War in 1898 , and in " Charleston " , and on the gunboats and during the Philippine – American War in 1898 - 1901 . Bostwick was navigator and later First Lieutenant of the battleship from March – October 1901 , before taking command of the gunboat in October 1901 , then the cruiser from May 1904 , and the yacht from September 1904 until September 1906 . He was a Lighthouse Inspector in the 10th District between September 1906 and June 1908 , then the commander of the auxiliary cruiser from June 1908 until April 1909 . From June 1909 to July 1910 he commanded the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard , receiving promotion to Captain in 1909 , and retired at his own request , with the rank of Commodore , on June 30 , 1910 . Awards . Awards he received include the Spanish Campaign Medal and the Philippine Campaign Medal .
John Dempster ( Medal of Honor ) John Dempster ( 1839 – unknown ) was a sailor in the U . S . Navy during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Emigrating from his native Scotland , Dempster enlisted in the US Navy for a three - year term in August 1864 and was assigned to the Union ironclad . His enlistment is credited to the state of Pennsylvania . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Coxswain John Dempster , United States Navy , for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U . S . S . New Ironsides during action in several attacks on Fort Fisher , North Carolina , 24 and 25 December 1864 ; and 13 , 14 , and 15 January 1865 . The ship steamed in and took the lead in the ironclad division close inshore and immediately opened its starboard battery in a barrage of well - directed fire to cause several fires and explosions and dismount several guns during the first two days of fighting . Taken under fire as she steamed into position on 13 January , the New Ironsides fought all day and took on ammunition at night despite severe weather conditions . When the enemy came out of his bombproofs to defend the fort against the storming party , the ship ' s battery disabled nearly every gun on the fort facing the shore before the cease - fire orders were given by the flagship . General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : December 24 – 25 , 1864 & January 13 – 15 , 1865 Service : Navy Rank : Coxswain Division : U . S . S . New Ironsides
John Alfred Cuthbert John Alfred Cuthbert ( June 3 , 1788 – September 22 , 1881 ) was an American politician , soldier and lawyer . He was the brother of Alfred Cuthbert . Biography . Born in Savannah , Georgia in 1788 , Cuthbert graduated from Princeton College , studied law , gained admission to the state bar in 1809 and began practicing law in Eatonton , Georgia . Cuthbert served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1811 , 1813 and 1817 . During the War of 1812 , he commanded a volunteer company . In 1814 and 1815 , Cuthbert served in the Georgia Senate . in 1818 , he was elected as a Democratic - Republican Representative from Georgia to the 16th United States Congress and served from March 4 , 1819 , until March 3 , 1821 . In 1822 , United States President James Monroe appointed Cuthbert as a commissioner to treat with the Creek and Cherokee Indians . Cuthbert was also reelected to the Georgia house of representatives in 1822 . In 1830 , 1833 and 1834 , he was the secretary of the Georgia Senate . From 1831 to 1837 , he served as editor and subsequently proprietor of the Federal Union in Milledgeville , Georgia . In 1837 , Cuthbert moved to Mobile , Alabama , and practiced law . In 1840 , Cuthbert was elected judge of the county court of Mobile County , Alabama . In 1852 , the Governor of Alabama appointed Cuthbert judge of the circuit court of Mobile County in 1852 . After stepping down from that judicial post , Cuthbert practiced law until his death on September 22 , 1881 , at " Sans Souci " , on Mon Luis Island in the Mobile Bay off the coast of Alabama . He was buried in a private burying ground on that same island .