naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siege of Kanegasaki ( 1337 ) The 1337 was the final battle for the Nitta family in their support of the Southern Imperial Court against the Ashikaga Pretenders of the Northern Court . Nitta Yoshisada ' s fortress at Kanegasaki was besieged for three months by forces in support of Ashikaga Takauji . Nitta ' s ally Uryū Tamotsu was forced back to the fortress of Somayama in March 1337 , and Nitta Yoshisada joined him there soon afterwards , hoping to lead a counterstrike to lift the siege . This failed , and the occupants of the besieged castle , having run out of food and water , were forced to eat horseflesh to survive . In accordance with Buddhist belief , this was close to the worst disgrace one could face ; eating horseflesh was believed to break one ' s karma , forcing them to be reborn in the next life as an animal or something worse . Nevertheless , the defenders held out for twenty days longer , and on April 7 , Kō no Moroyasu , commander of the besieging army , broke through the walls and took the fortress . Prince Takanaga and Nitta Yoshiaki , son of Yoshisada , were forced to take their own lives . Prince Tsunenaga escaped , but was captured soon afterwards and killed as well .
John F . De Swan John Francis DeSwan ( January 13 , 1876 – December 1 , 1956 ) was a private serving in the United States Army during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . De Swan was born January 13 , 1876 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and entered the army from the city of his birth . He was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War with Company H , 21st U . S . Infantry as a private where he received the Medal of Honor for his actions . He died December 1 , 1956 and is buried in Golden Gate National Cemetery San Bruno , California . His grave can be found in section R , grave 195 - A . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company H , 21st U . S . Infantry . Place and date : At Santiago , Cuba , 1 July 1898 . Entered service at : Philadelphia , Pa . Birth : Philadelphia , Pa . Date of issue : 22 June 1899 . Citation : Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy .
Albert William Stevens Albert William Stevens ( March 13 , 1886 - March 26 , 1949 in Redwood City , California ) was an officer in the United States Army Air Corps , balloonist and aerial photographer . Biography . He was born on 13 March 1886 in Belfast , Maine . While flying over South America in 1930 , Stevens took the first photograph of the Earth in a way that the horizon ' s curvature is visible . To cut through haze , Stevens often employed infrared - sensitive film for long - distance aerial shots whose subjects were visually obscured . Accompanied by Lt . Charles D . McAllister of the Army Air Corps , Stevens took the first photograph of the Moon ' s shadow projected onto the Earth during a solar eclipse in August , 1932 . On 29 July 1934 Stevens and two other US Army officers , Major William Kepner and Captain Orvil Arson Anderson , ascended in a specially - constructed balloon and gondola named Explorer I over north - western Nebraska in an attempt to break the current altitude record for manned flight . However , nearing the current record height , the balloon envelope ruptured , sending the gondola plunging to earth . Fortunately , all three crew were able to eventually exit and parachute to earth before the gondola crashed into a farm field . On 11 November 1935 Stevens , along with Captain Orvil A . Anderson of the Army Air Corps , made a record balloon ascent from the Stratobowl near Rapid City , South Dakota . There were 20 , 000 spectators , while millions listened to a live NBC broadcast . Their sealed gondola Explorer II climbed to 72 , 395 feet ( 22 . 065 km ) , nearly 14 miles , a record unequaled until 1956 . He died on 26 March 1949 in Redwood City , California .
John Dunville John Spencer Dunville VC ( 7 May 1896 – 26 June 1917 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Dunville was born on 7 May 1896 in Marylebone , London , to Colonel John Dunville Dunville CBE DL and Violet Anne Blanch Dunville ( née Lambart ) . His father was from Holywood , County Down and was chairman of Dunville & Co whiskey distillers . He was educated at Ludgrove School and at Eton , and was a member of the Officer Training Corps from May 1912 to July 1914 . He passed matriculation for Trinity College , Cambridge , but joined the army instead . He was aged 21 and a second lieutenant in the 1st Royal Dragoons , British Army during the First World War when he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 24 / 25 June 1917 near Epehy , France . Citation . Second Lieutenant John Spencer Dunville died of wounds on 26 June 1917 , the day after performing the deed , and is interred at the Villiers - Faucon Communal Cemetery , Somme , France , ( Plot No . A21 ) . The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the The Household Cavalry Museum , Windsor , Berkshire .
USS Impetuous ( PYc - 46 ) USS " Impetuous " ( PYc - 46 ) was private yacht that served as a patrol boat of the United States Navy in both World War I and World War II under different names . Service history . World War I , 1917 – 1918 . She was built in 1915 by Robert Jacob Inc . , City Island , New York City as the yacht " Paragon " . She was then renamed " Sybilla III " sometime before she was acquired and commissioned into the Navy on 14 May 1917 as USS " Sybilla III " ( SP - 104 ) . She was returned to the owner and struck from the Naval Vessel Register ( NVR ) on 24 December 1918 . In the interwar period she was renamed " Arlis " . World War II , 1940 – 1945 . She was again acquired by the Navy on 12 August 1940 , and commissioned on 16 October as USS " PC - 454 " . Assigned to the 15th Naval District , " PC - 454 " arrived in the Canal Zone in mid - November 1940 to patrol the approaches to the Panama Canal . From November 1940 to August 1944 , she performed escort and patrol operations off Central America while on constant watch for submarines . " PC - 454 " was named and reclassified USS " Impetuous " ( PYc - 46 ) on 15 July 1943 . On 31 August 1944 , the patrol yacht arrived in Philadelphia and was decommissioned there on 27 September , struck from the Naval Register on 14 October and sold by the War Shipping Administration on 14 June 1945 .
Fan Wanzhang Fan Wanzhang ( , 1927 in Qixia , Shandong - August 8 , 1952 ) was a MiG - 15 pilot of the People ' s Republic of China . He was a flying ace during the Korean War , with 8 victories . A member of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Division , Wanzhang was also known as Fan Van Chou . He was killed in action on August 8 , 1952 . Although all Chinese aces have received the title Combat Hero in acknowledgement of their services , very little information is known of the Chinese pilots during the war due to the lack of published records .
USS Shad ( SP - 551 ) The first USS " Shad " ( SP - 551 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Shad " was built as a private motorboat of the same name by George Lawley & Son at Neponset , Massachusetts in 1907 . On 15 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy purchased her from Herbert C . Talbot for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Shad " ( SP - 551 ) on 24 May 1917 . Presumably assigned to the 1st Naval District , " Shad " served on patrol duties in Boston Harbor at Boston , Massachusetts , for the rest of World War I and during the first few months of 1919 . " Shad " was decommissioned in 1919 , stricken from the Navy List on 18 August 1919 , and sold on 10 September 1919 to the J . E . Doherty Company of Boston .
Robert Bernardis Robert Bernardis ( August 7 , 1908 in Innsbruck – August 8 , 1944 in Berlin - Plötzensee ) was an Austrian resistance fighter involved in the attempt to kill German dictator Adolf Hitler in the July 20 Plot in 1944 . After finishing the military akademie in Enns and Klosterneuburg Austria , Bernardis started his military career as a lieutenant in Linz . After the Austrian Anschluss in 1938 , he accepted the new régime , but critically . However , once the Second World War had begun , experiences at the front such as witnessing the murder of civilians changed his mind and he became involved in the resistance movement against the Third Reich . He was assigned to the German General Staff by May 1942 . By 1944 , though still relatively young , he held the rank of an Oberstleutnant . He was not stationed near Hitler ' s headquarters at Wolfsschanze near Rastenburg when the July 20 assassination attempt was carried out , but was in Berlin instead . Unaware that the bomb had failed to kill Hitler , Bernadis was responsible for the order that set Operation Valkyrie in motion . That same evening , he was arrested by the Gestapo . On August 8 , he was sentenced to death by the German " People ' s Court " ( " Volksgerichtshof " ) and executed the same day . Despite being deported to a concentration camp , Bernardis ' s family survived the war . Portrayal in the media . In the 2004 German production , " Stauffenberg " , Bernardis is portrayed by actor Michael Bornhütter .
Wolfgang Meinhold Dr . Wolfgang Meinhold ( 8 October 1902 – 3 April 1945 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
German submarine U - 457 German submarine " U - 457 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out three patrols . She sank two ships and damaged one more . She was a member of two wolfpack s . She was sunk northeast of the North Cape by a British warship , in September 1942 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 26 October 1941 in the " Deutsche Werke " , Kiel as ' werk ' 288 , launched on 4 October 1941 and commissioned on 5 November under the command of " Korvetten Kapitän " Karl Brandenburg . She served with the 6th U - boat Flotilla from 5 November 1941 for training and the 11th flotilla from 1 July 1942 for operations . 1st patrol . " U - 457 " s first patrol was preceded by two short journeys from Kiel in Germany to Trondheim in Norway . The patrol itself commenced with her departure from Trondheim on 28 June 1942 . She sank the " Christopher Newport " east of Bear Island on 4 July . The ship , from the ill - fated convoy PQ - 17 , had already been hit by an aerial torpedo in the Barents Sea . A ' coup de gráce ' torpedo from the British submarine " P - 614 " failed to sink the ship ; but one from " U - 457 " succeeded . The boat then went on to sink the " Aldersdale " on 7 July 1942 ; after the merchantman , also a member of PQ - 17 , had been bombed . " U - 457 " came across the abandoned tanker and after firing 75 rounds from her deck gun , finished the wreck off with a single torpedo . 2nd patrol . Her second foray was relatively uneventful - starting in Narvik on 8 August 1942 and finishing in Trondheim on 7 September . 3rd patrol and loss . The submarine damaged the " Atheltemplar " on 14 September 1942 south of Spitsbergen ( Svalbard ) , but was sunk on the 16th by depth charge s from the British destroyer HMS " Impulsive " . Forty - five men died in " U - 457 " ; there were no survivors .
Francisco Castillo Fajardo , Marquis of Villadarias Francisco Castillo Fajardo , 2nd Marquis of Villadarias ( es : " Francisco Castillo Fajardo , segundo marqués de Villadarias " ) ( Málaga , December 17 , 1642 – 1716 ) , was a Spanish general . Service record . Fajardo was the only son of Maria Muñoz y Ruiz and Antonio Arias Castillo Fajardo Maldonado , who was given the title of Marquis of Villadarias as a posthumous award for his other son , who was killed in Flanders in 1690 . As it was Fajardo who was the first person to officially use the title when he inherited the honour in 1699 . In 1693 he defended Charleroi unsuccessfully against the French , becoming Capitán General de Guipúzcoa in 1696 . In 1698 he defended Oran successfully against the Ottomans . In the same year he became the governor of the small Spanish territory of Ceuta on the north African coast . In 1702 he had to travel across the Straits of Gibraltar to become the captain - general of the southern tip of Iberia known as Andalucia . In 1702 , during the War of the Spanish Succession , he defended Cadiz successfully against a British - Dutch fleet under the command of George Rooke in what was called the Battle of Cadiz . From June to July 1704 he invaded Portugal and conquered Castelo de Vide and Marvão . During 1704 – 1705 he tried to recapture Gibraltar from the British - Dutch in the Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar , until he was replaced on February 8 , 1705 , by the French Marshal de Tessé , who gave up the siege and retired . In 1710 he was commander of the Bourbon army in Catalonia , where he lost the Battle of Almenar . After this battle he was replaced by the Marquis de Bay . In 1713 he became captain - general of Valencia . He died in 1716 in Madrid .
Convoy ON 113 Convoy ON 113 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War . It was the 113th of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America . The ships departed Liverpool on 17 July 1942 and were joined on 18 July by Mid - Ocean Escort Force Group C - 2 . They were found on 24 July by the eleven U - Boat s of Wolf pack Wolf . Five ships were sunk before the convoy reached Halifax , Nova Scotia on 31 July .
El Calabozo massacre The El Calabozo massacre was an incident during the Salvadoran Civil War on August 21 – 22 1982 , in which more than two hundred people , including children and elderly , were reportedly killed at El Calabozo by the Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army . In August 1982 , the Salvadoran military attacked the San Vicente Department , an area where the rebel Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front was known to have bases . The department was bombed for several days before ground forces advanced , causing many civilians to flee . On the night of August 21 , a group of internally displaced people was overtaken beside the Amatitán river by the Atlacatl Battalion , a US - trained counter - insurgency unit . The Atlacatl Battalion had previously been responsible for the El Mozote massacre , in which up to 900 captured civilians had been killed . At a spot called " El Calabozo " ( " The Dungeon " ) , the battalion surrounded the IDPs and opened fire at close range . The soldiers threw some of the bodies into the river and reportedly threw acid on others , making an exact death toll impossible to confirm , but more than two hundred were reported missing after the incident by surviving family members . The dead included infants and elderly . The massacre was first publicly reported in " The Washington Post " on September 8 , 1982 . Minister of Defense José Guillermo García stated that the government had investigated the incident and determined that no massacre had taken place . In 1992 , survivors filed a complaint with authorities asking for an investigation . Though the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador documented the massacre ' s existence , the government closed the case in 1993 without charges . As of 2012 , the Salvadoran government had not acknowledged the existence of the massacre or prosecuted those responsible .
General Aircraft GAL . 47 The General Aircraft GAL . 47 was a 1940s British single - engined twin - boom Air Observation Post aircraft , built by General Aircraft Limited at London Air Park , Hanworth . Design and development . The GAL . 47 was a private - venture design of air observation post ( AOP ) aircraft . The Fane F . 1 / 40 was the only other competing design . The GAL . 47 was a twin - boom configuration with a pusher airscrew . One example was built ( test registration T - 0224 ) in 1940 at London Air Park , Hanworth . It was destroyed on 2 April 1942 .
Derek Allhusen Major Derek Swithin Allhusen , CVO ( 9 January 1914 – 24 April 2000 ) was an English equestrian who was a 54 year old grandfather when he rode Lochinvar to team gold and individual silver medals at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico . Derek Swithin Allhusen was born in London and educated at Eton and Trinity College , Cambridge . In 1937 he married The Hon Claudia Betterton . He served throughout the Second World War with 9th Queen ' s Royal Lancers , being awarded the American Silver Star in 1944 . On returning from Germany he brought back two horses with him and settled in Claxton , Norfolk . He rode one of the horses , Laura when representing Britain in the pentathlon at the 1948 Winter Olympic Games . He eventually took up eventing in 1955 , riding Laura ' s daughter Laurien on two European Championship teams , winning a team gold medal in 1957 , then team silver and individual bronze in 1959 . In 1961 he bought Irish - bred Lochinvar and rode her in two winning European Championship teams ( in 1967 and 1969 ) as well as the gold and silver at the 1968 Summer Olympics . He was awarded an MBE for his achievements but declined it ; feeling his team - mates Richard Meade , Jane Bullen and Reuben Jones also deserved recognition . On his retirement from the sport he continued as a breeder and Laurien ' s son Laurieston was ridden to team and individual Olympic gold medals in 1972 Games in Munich , with Richard Meade in the saddle . Allhusen was president of the British Horse Society from 1986 to 1988 . Allhusen was appointed to be one of Her Majesty ' s Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms in 1963 , he was appointed Standard Bearer from 1981 to 1984 . He was appointed to be a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1983 . In November 1955 , 1956 and 1957 he was nominated as a High Sheriff of Norfolk ( and appointed in March 1958 ) in the Queen ' s Bench Division of the High Court of Justice
William Edwin Baldwin William Edwin Baldwin ( July 28 , 1827 – February 19 , 1864 ) was a Confederate Army officer during the American Civil War . A bookstore owner and member of the local militia in Columbus , Mississippi , Baldwin enlisted in the Confederate Army soon after Mississippi announced its secession from the Union , accepting a commission as Colonel of the 14th Mississippi Infantry . Stationed briefly in Pensacola , Florida , he was transferred with his unit to East Tennessee and later central Kentucky , where he fought and was later captured at the Battle of Fort Donelson . After being released in a prisoner exchange , he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general and sent to West Tennessee , where he assumed command of a mixed brigade of Mississippi and Tennessee soldiers . Winning distinction at the Battle of Coffeeville , Baldwin would later participate in the battles of Port Gibson and Champion ' s Hill , as well as taking part in the Vicksburg Campaign . Captured once again , Baldwin was able to secure his release and assigned to the District of Mobile where he was killed in an accident when a broken stirrup caused him to fall off his horse , near the Dog River in Alabama .
Submarine Combat Patrol insignia The Submarine Combat Patrol Insignia is a uniform breast pin worn by officers and men of the United States Navy ' s Submarine Service who have completed war patrols . Such patrols were conducted during World War II . The pin shows the broadside of a " Gato " - class submarine . A scroll beneath the submarine holds service stars , one gold star for each successful patrol after the first or a silver star for five successful patrols . Successful patrols are those so designated by fleet commanders . The Submarine Combat Patrol Insignia is considered a " secondary insignia " and is typically worn in conjunction with a primary warfare badge , such as the Submarine Warfare Insignia . Personnel eligible to wear other secondary insignias , such as the SSBN Deterrent Patrol Insignia or the Deep Submergence Insignia , may only wear one insignia at a time according to their personal desire .
Austen submachine gun The Austen ( from " Australian Sten " ) was a 9 millimetre Australian submachine gun derived from the British Sten gun developed during the Second World War . In total 19 , 914 Austens were produced during the war by Diecasters Ltd of Melbourne and W . T . Carmichael Ltd of Sydney . Design and development . With the war in Europe demanding most of the available material for the British , Australia was not in a position to purchase weapons from the United Kingdom or the United States and so they had to develop their own submachine guns . The British Sten submachine gun was taken as the basis for the Austen . The barrel , body ( receiver ) and trigger mechanism of the Mark II Sten were copied , while the folding stock and bolt , with separate firing pin and telescopic cover over the return spring , were copied from the German MP40 . The folding stock also included a screwdriver and a cleaning rod which both unscrewed from the tubes of the stock . The weapon also featured twin pistol style grips ( also copied from the MP40 ) ; the latter containing a small spare parts container inside . The weapon had a selective - fire feature permitting the firer to fire single shots or fully automatic at 500 rounds per minute . An interesting production feature of the Austen was that some parts were manufactured by the diecast ing process . These parts were the magazine housing , part of the mechanism for the stock and the forward half of the magazine . The magazine loader was also diecast . The two firms manufacturing the Austen were specialist diecasting companies . There was a suppressed version made for use by Z Special Force . An improved version , the Mark II Austen , which had an accompanying dagger type bayonet that was designed to fit over the muzzle compensator was designed , expanding on the use of diecasting , and produced in limited numbers with only 200 examples of this model being produced . The Austen never achieved the level of popularity that the Owen gun achieved . This was largely because the Owen was a very reliable weapon and although the Austen was an improvement on the basic Sten , it was never able to achieve the Owen ' s reliability . Additionally , it has been asserted that the Owen was much more suited to jungle warfare . No doubt the Austen ' s side mounted magazine and bolt proved a hindrance to soldiers in the jungle , as this aspect necessarily meant that the working parts were more exposed to dirt and therefore prone to fouling due to the cocking slot ' s position on the right hand side of the body . An obsolete weapon in 1945 and positively archaic afterwards , the Austen was rarely used in subsequent decades . In contrast , the Owen would remain in use into the 1960s .