naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Villafranca ( 1809 ) The Battle of Villafranca del Bierzo took place on 17 March 1809 , during the French occupation of León in the Peninsular War . After a bloody four - hour siege the small and isolated French garrison at Villafranca surrendered to Spanish regulars under Brigadier José de Mendizábal and General Pedro Caro , 3rd Marquis of la Romana . Background . In 1809 Spanish military operations in northern Spain were marked by sporadic efforts to expel Marshal Ney ' s French VI Corps from the provinces it had overrun following the collapse of the Spanish armies the previous year . Fragments of the armies torn - apart by the French , operating in conjunction with some 30 , 000 guerrilla s and militia , prowled the coasts of Galicia and Asturias , raiding and skirmishing with Ney ' s 17 , 000 troops . Garrisoning the hostile region ate up most of Ney ' s resources , and in March 1809 , the French evacuated Vigo and Tuy and withdrew from guerrilla - infested southern Galicia . One remaining Spanish formation , General Pedro Caro , 3rd Marquis of la Romana ' s division of regular infantry , established itself in Asturias and harassed the French in León and Galicia , capturing Imperial troops and supplies with impunity . In March , elements of the unit , armed with a French 12 - pound gun and munitions recovered from an abandoned post at Ponferrada , struck at French communications with Madrid by attacking the French post at Villafranca . The battle . The vanguard of the attack was formed of some 1 , 500 men of the " Zaragoza " and " Zamora " regiments under Mendizábal . On 17 March they entered the plaza at Villafranca and closed in on the French entrenched in the castle . A costly battle broke out that claimed the lives of several Spanish officers . After four hours of fighting the French agreed to surrender . One authority credited General La Romana with 3 , 800 Spanish troops and six artillery pieces . This force included two battalions each of the " Princesa " and " Asturias " Infantry Regiments . The 1 , 200 - man French force included one battalion of the 6th Light Infantry Regiment plus several hundred sick and wounded soldiers . The French lost 700 killed and wounded plus another 574 unwounded men captured . Spanish losses are not known . A second historian wrote that the Spanish had 6 , 000 men .
Hans Källner Hans Källner ( 9 October 1898 – 18 April 1945 ) was a German general , serving during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Källner was born in Kattowitz and was killed in action while visiting the front lines near Olomouc .
John Hamilton Roberts John Hamilton " Ham " Roberts CB , DSO , MC ( December 21 , 1891 – 1962 ) was a Canadian artillery officer and major general . Roberts was born in Pipestone , Manitoba . He studied in Upper Canada College and graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston , Ontario in 1914 , student # 891 . From 1939 , he commanded the 1st Regiment , Royal Canadian Horse Artillery in Northern France , and was served in that position when the Germans began the Battle of France in May 1940 . Roberts managed to save his regiment ' s guns while evacuating from Dunkirk . He was later promoted to Major General and appointed General Officer Commanding the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division in 1941 . Roberts was put in charge of the ground troops for the raid against Dieppe , on August 19 , 1942 . His command post was aboard and due to poor communications he had no idea how his troops were managing , until they called for landing craft for immediate evacuation . Roberts was criticized for unnecessarily committing his reserve troops ( Les Fusiliers Mont - Royal ) and inadvertently increasing the casualties . He was relieved of his command six months later . He was sent to command reinforcement units in the United Kingdom and received no further operational commands . He later retired to the Channel Islands .
Jean - Baptiste Adolphe Charras Jean - Baptiste Adolphe Charras ( 7 January 1810 in Phalsbourg , Moselle – 23 January 1865 in Basel ) was a military historian and minister . He was Deputy Secretary of State for War , from April 5 , 1848 to May 11 , 1848 . He was Minister of War ad interim of May 11 , 1848 to May 17 , 1848 .
Walther Sievers Walther Sievers ( 15 June 1902 – 12 June 1982 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Crater - class cargo ship " Crater " - class cargo ship is a category of freighter that was constructed for use by the United States Navy during World War II under Maritime Commission EC2 - S - C1 type . The class was named for the lead ship of its type , . There were a total of 62 ships of this class built , the largest count of U . S . Navy cargo ship classes . The ships were propelled by a reciprocating steam engine using a single screw with a power of shaft .
Abraham Buford Abraham Buford ( July 21 , 1747 – June 30 , 1833 ) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War , best known as the commanding officer of the American forces at the Battle of Waxhaws . Biography . Born in Culpeper County , Virginia , Buford quickly organized a company of minutemen upon the outbreak of war in 1775 , eventually rising to the rank of colonel by May 1778 . Assuming command of the 11th Virginia Regiment in September , he would be assigned to the 3rd Virginia Regiment in April 1780 and sent south to relieve the British siege of Charleston , South Carolina . Forced to withdraw following the surrender of Charleston on May 12 , the 3rd Virginia Continentals were trapped on May 29 by a British and American Loyalist force under Col . Banastre Tarleton . When Buford refused Tarleton ' s demand he surrender , Tarleton ordered an assault in which Buford ' s force suffered casualties so severe that the Americans tried to surrender . While Buford was calling for quarter , Tarleton ' s horse was struck by a musket ball and fell . This gave the loyalist cavalrymen the impression that the rebels had shot at their commander while asking for mercy , and thus engaged in what Tarleton later described as " a vindictive asperity not easily restrained " ; many American soldiers were sabred to death as they attempted to give up . The incident became known as the Waxhaw Massacre , and became strong propaganda story in the southern states . From that time onward , " Tarleton ' s Quarter " ( meaning give no quarter ) was an American battle cry in the Southern theatre . Escaping on horseback with his remaining men , Buford was not found culpable for the action and continued to serve as an officer in the Continental Army through the Battle of Yorktown . He eventually settled in the Bluegrass region of Kentucky , on military bounty lands in excess of several thousand acres , where he helped found that state ' s horseracing industry and where he lived until his death at his home which he called " Richland " ( National Register of Historic Places ) in Scott County , Kentucky on June 30 , 1833 . On Flag Day , June 14 , 2006 , descendants of Lt . Col . Banastre Tarleton sold Col . Buford ' s regimental flags taken at the Waxhaw Massacre at Sotheby ' s New York for over $ 5 , 000 , 000 ( US ) . Buford was one of six sons of John and Judith Early Beaufort ( Buford ) , all of whom served with distinction as officers during the American Revolution . Their Civil War descendants included Union Major Generals John Buford , who distinguished himself at the Battle of Gettysburg , and Napoleon Bonaparte Buford and Confederate General Abraham Buford .
Agueda Kahabagan Agueda Kahabagan y Iniquinto is referred to in the few sources that mention her as " Henerala Agueda " . Not so much is known about her but from snatches of information available , she was presumably a native of Sta . Cruz , Laguna . Henerala ' s bravery in battle was legendary . She was reportedly often seen in the battlefield dressed in white , armed with a rifle and brandishing a bolo . Apparently she was commissioned by General Miguel Malvar to lead a detachment of forces sometime in May 1897 . She was mentioned in connection with the attack led by General Artemio Ricarte on the Spanish garrison in San Pablo in October 1897 . It was most probably General Pío del Pilar who recommended that she be granted the honorary title of Henerala . In March 1899 , she was listed as the only woman in the roster of generals of the Army of the Philippine Republic . She was appointed on January 4 , 1899 .
Aksaz Naval Base Aksaz Naval Base ( ) is a base of the Turkish Navy on the south - east coast of the Aegean Sea in Marmaris , Muğla . In addition to the military buildings , the base houses apartment - like barracks and social facilities stretched over of land . Six helicopters are also stationed at Aksaz . History . To meet the requirements of the Turkish Navy ' s power presence in the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea , extensive planning was started in the late 1960s for the search of the location of a naval base . The selected area was Karaağaç Bay at Aksaz , east of Marmaris in Muğla Province . The place was mentioned by Piri Reis in Ottoman historical documents as the most appropriate natural harbor capable of hosting a large naval fleet . Construction of the naval base started in 1983 . With the completion of the infrastructure in 1992 , units and vessels of the navy started to move in . The base reached its final stage in 2000 . Naval Base Aksaz is today a modern facility , preferred for logistic support also by foreign navies . Operations . At the Aksaz Naval Base , the Southern Sea Area Command of the Turkish Navy maintains special units as :
Benjamin Huger ( American Revolution ) Benjamin Huger ( 1746 – 11 May 1779 ) was one of five Huger brothers from South Carolina who served in the American Revolutionary War . Huger became a close friend of La Fayette , having met him upon his arrival near Georgetown in 1777 , and his son Francis Kinloch Huger had a role in getting La Fayette temporarily released from prison at Olomouc in the 1790s . Huger was killed in an accidental friendly fire incident near Charleston , South Carolina . His grandson was the Confederate General Benjamin Huger .
Del Carmen Airfield Del Carmen Airfield is a former United States Army Air Forces airfield on Luzon in the Philippines . It was overrun by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Battle of the Philippines ( 1942 ) . History . The airfield was built by the Americans prior to World War II . It was located to the south of Clark Field in Pampanga Province . The Fifth Air Force based Seversky P - 35 As assigned to the 34th Pursuit Squadron , attached to the 24th Pursuit Group at the airfield prior to the Japanese air attack on the Philippines , 8 December 1941 . On the day of the first attack by Japanese aircraft , fighters were ordered from Del Carmen to cover Clark Field but failed to arrive before the Japanese hit Clark shortly after 1200 hours . The obsolescent P - 35s were blown out of the sky by the Japanese Zeros , which were much faster and more maneuverable . The airfield was abandoned by the USAAF about 20 December prior to it being overrun by the invading Imperial Japanese Army . After its occupation , it was used by Japanese aircraft as a satellite field for the Clark area . After the recapture of Luzon during the Philippines Campaign ( 1944 – 45 ) , the airfield was not used by the USAAF . It was , however , the scene of a Japanese attack on 7 December 1944 when Japanese General Yamashita ordered the entire First Airborne Brigade with two regiments to jump the American beachhead on Leyte on 6 December . Japanese paratroopers loaded into 95th Sentai Ki - 49 Helens and Ki - 57 Topsys . They took off from Angeles South Airfield and Del Carmen Airfield . For the paratrooper drop and crash landings against the American liberated San Pablo Airfield and Buri Airfieldat 1800 hours . Although the paratroopers caught the Americans by surprise , those who did reach the airfields were ineffective . The attack proved to be disorganized and an abortive effort .
Maurice Gifford Hon . Maurice Raymond Gifford CMG ( 5 May 1859 – 1 July 1910 ) was a British military officer . Biography . Born at Ampney Park , Gloucester , he was the son of Robert Francis Gifford , 2nd Baron Gifford , and the brother of Edric Gifford , 3rd Baron Gifford . On the completion of his education he entered the Merchant Service , and was on board the training ship " Worcester " for three years . In 1878 , he entered the service of the British Steam Navigation Company , in which he remained until 1882 , visiting many parts of the globe . That same year he fought in the Mahdist War and served as assistant correspondent to the " Daily Telegraph " at the time of the engagement of Tel - el - Kebir . He then went to Canada for 11 years and fought in the Red River Rebellion as one of " French ' s Scouts " under Lord Minto , earning a medal and clasp . Next , Gifford went to South Africa and became General Manager of the Bechuanaland Exploration Company and soon became involved in the First Matabele War , 1893 . In the Second Matabele War , 1896 , he was part of the Bulawayo Field Force during the Siege of Bulawayo , raised " Gifford ' s Horse " , and lost his right arm to a Nbatabele bullet . In the Second Boer War he was attached to the Imperial Yeomanry and was part of the " Rhodesian Horse " . He participated in the Relief of Mafeking . He married Marguerite Thorold , the daughter of Capt Thorold of Boothby , on 21 September 1897 . Among the presents Gifford gave to his wife at the wedding , was the bullet that cost him his arm . He set it in Matabele gold and arranged it so that the yellow metal formed a double - headed serpent . On 1 July 1910 , while undergoing a rest cure for nervous breakdown , Col . Gifford met his death from a fire caused by his clothes being set alight by a cigarette . He had been cleaning his clothing with petrol just before the incident .
11th Infantry Division ( United States ) The 11th Division , an infantry division of the United States Army , was activated twice during the First World War . During the Second World War the division was notionally reactivated as part of Fortitude South II . World War I . The 11th Division was first formed as a National Guard division in early 1917 consisting of units of the Michigan and Wisconsin National Guards . By the end of that same year , the 11th Division became the 32nd Division ( later 32nd Infantry Division ) . The 11th Division was reformed as a National Army division in August 1918 , and was commanded by Jesse McI . Carter . The division was nicknamed the Lafayette Division , and its shoulder sleeve insignia included a silhouette of Lafayette . The 17th Infantry Regiment , and the 63rd Infantry Regiment were the two units chosen as the cadre around which the division would be formed . The 71st and 72nd Infantry Regiment s were formed from cadres from the 17th and 63rd Regiments . The division ' s field artillery brigade was trained at West Point , Kentucky , and never actually joined the division at Camp Meade . The division ' s advanced schools detachment started for England on October 25 , 1918 , arriving November 8 , 1918 . With the Armistice , further activities were halted and the division disbanded on November 29 , 1918 at Camp Meade , Maryland . World War II ( Deception Formation ) . The 11th Infantry Division was ' reformed ' for a third time in 1944 as part of Operation Fortitude . A purely notional unit , in the deception it was depicted as intended to replace the real 4th Armored Division when the 4th Armored moved to Normandy . The division was presented to the Germans as a well trained unit based in the area around Northwich , Cheshire with its headquarters being located at Delamere House . When the 4th Armored Division moved to Normandy , the 11th Infantry Division was depicted as moving into the vacated quarters around Bury St Edmunds . There , as part of the ( notional ) US XXXIII Corps of the ( notional ) US 14th Army it was depicted as assigned the role of following up the Pas de Calais landings . In the aftermath of Fortitude South II the 11th Division was depicted as moving to Winchester in Hampshire during August , 1944 . The deception then had the 11th Division moving to Abergavenny in South Wales during October , 1944 when the deception was terminated by announcing that the 11th Division had been disbanded to provide replacements for other units . In the deception the 11th Infantry Division was composed of the notional 178th , 352nd , and 399th Infantry Regiments , in addition to notional artillery and support units .
Dinassaut The Dinassaut ( " Division d ' Infanterie Navale d ' Assaut " or DNA , " Naval Assault Infantry Division " ) was a type of riverine military unit employed by the French Navy during the first Indochina War . Each Dinassaut consisted of approximately 12 craft , often American landing craft modified with armour and using tank turrets as weapons . Other craft carried 81mm mortars to be employed as riverine artillery .
Defense Attaché System The Defense Attaché System is a part of the Defense Intelligence Agency in the United States that provides military and civilian attachés to foreign governments . History . In 1949 the Department of Defense ( DoD ) established the need for each branch of the military to establish its own attache system in coordination with the State Department . From July 1951 to March 1952 the Secretary of Defense , at Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS ) urging , established a limited Executive Agent System in support of attache operations . The DoD ' s Office of Special Operations ( OSO ) negotiated with the Department of State for opening the attache systems . Upon the activation of the Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ) , and the subsequent disestablishment of OSO , DIA assumed responsibility . In 1961 , the Secretary of Defense deferred the placement of all attaches under DIA management , and the Services continued to manage , operate , and support their individual attache systems . Several problems existed with the control of attaches under the different branches of the military . Each reported separately to the Ambassador and represented the U . S . separately to the host country military , causing duplication of effort . Moreover , the distribution of information was poor . Artificial barriers to a free exchange of information between the branches and the JCS existed , and the coordination of attache activities with other DoD elements was difficult . The cost to DoD in sponsoring up to three separate elements in a single country amounted to the inefficient use of limited resources . Furthermore , the collection and dissemination of duplicate intelligence produced uncertainties . So , on 12 December 1964 , the Defense Attaché System ( DAS ) was established in response to these problems . On 1 July 1965 , the Defense Attaché System officially came under the Director of DIA . The objectives of the DAS under DIA are twofold : to provide a more efficient system for the collection of intelligence information for DoD components and to preserve a channel for Service - to - Service and DoD representational matters of common interest .
Action of 20 – 21 April 1782 The Action of 20 – 21 April 1782 also known as the Third Battle of Ushant was a naval battle fought during the American War of Independence , between a French fleet of three ships of the line protecting a convoy and two British ships of the line off Ushant , a French island at the mouth of the English Channel off the north - westernmost point of France . This was the third battle that occurred in this region during the course of the war . Battle . On 20 April the 84 - gun ship HMS " Foudroyant " , Captain John Jervis , attached to the fleet of Vice - Admiral Samuel Barrington , off Ushant , was ordered , with other ships , in chase of a French fleet . The French convoy comprised nineteen transports and the 64 - gun " Actionnaire " armed en flûte ; it was escorted by the 74 - gun " Protecteur " and " Pégase " , and the frigates " Indiscrète " and " Andromaque " . At sunset the " Foudroyant " had got far ahead of her consorts , and near enough to the French ships and made them out to be a convoy , and four ships of war , two being line - of - battle ships of which were " Pégase " and " Actionnaire " . The squadron soon afterwards separated and the largest ship the 1 , 778 tons " Pégase " which the " Foudroyant " was pursuing , also bore up . A hard squall with hazy weather , coming on about the same time the Foudroyant lost sight of the fleet , and about half an hour after midnight brought the chase to close action . After engaging about three - quarters of an hour , the " Foudroyant " boarded the " Pégase " , and compelled her commander Chevalier de Sillaus to surrender . Out of a crew of 700 men , she had upwards of 100 killed and wounded while the rest had surrendered . Only two or three men were wounded in the " Foudroyant " . With other ships arriving up , the " Pégase " was taken possession of . Meanwhile the 90 gun HMS " Queen " , captained by Frederick Maitland , next day captured the other French ship " Actionnaire " after an action which lasted less than twenty minutes , armed en flute ( in this case a storeship and only partially armed with 24 guns with a crew of less than 250 ) the French ship surrendered being after being totally outgunned . Most of the French convoy had now scattered but in total twelve other transports and merchants were captured by the British . Aftermath . What was found on the " Actionnaire " were eleven chests of Dutch silver on board , and also lower masts for four seventy - fours , with sails and rigging complete besides her own masts , which were intended for the recently captured HMS " Hannibal " off Sumatra renamed ( " Petit Annibal " ) . The capture of the majority of the convoy was a huge blow to the Bali de Suffren . The British loss was minimal with only a total of five men were wounded and moderate damage to the their ships . The " Pégase " was used in the Royal Navy and commissioned as the third rate " HMS Pegase " . She served as a prison ship from 1799 , and was used in this role until 1815 when she was broken up . John Jervis was knighted for this action .