naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
François - Joseph d ' Offenstein François - Joseph d ' Offenstein ( 27 July 1760 - 27 September 1837 ) , Baron of the Ist Empire , was a French general and military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars . Biography . Offenstein was born in Erstein , French Alsace , on July 27 , 1760 to the butcher François - Joseph Offenstein and Catherine Reibel , he grew up in Alsace during the French Ancien Régime before joining the royal army at the age of 16 in 1777 . Major in 1790 , then Lieutenant Colonel two years later , he was nominated at age 33 in July 1793 Brigadier General and thanks to his political support , he climbed to the rank of Major General two months later to became the Commandant in chief of Neuf - Brisach , nevertheless , a year later , in 1794 , he had been relieved of his command by the leaders of Hentz and Goujon for having confused on a map a river with a road when he was assigned with a division of 18 . 000 men inside the Army of Moselle . We may easily explain this strategic mistake by the fact his education was botched : indeed , although he was a Major General , he was not able to read correctly . That ignorance in some areas led him to be the abiding source of jokes ( even if they were most of the time exaggerated ) at the general staff . Despite it , Offenstein considered himself as a soldier and just a soldier . He never disputed a direct order . Further to his demotion , he quit the Army . In 1796 when he was called back , downgraded to the rank of Brigader Chief . On July 15 , 1804 , Napoleon I of France made him Officer de la Legion of Honor during the first awards ceremony of the Legion of Honor at the Invalides of Paris for his participation to nearly all the battles of the Rhine during the French Revolutionary Wars and many fights during the French Consulate . In 1806 , he joined the Grande Armée . Thanks to his military experience and his faithfulness in France , Napoleon , who liked his officer qualities , nominated him again , in 1807 , at the rank of Brigadier General of the Grande Armée after his heroic acts during the battle of Heilsberg . From 1807 , he worked at the general - staff with the Marshal Brune On June 26 , 1809 , Napoleon gave him the title of Baron of the first Empire . In that way , in 1809 , his family name " Offenstein " became " d ' Offenstein " Offenstein died in 1837 at age 77 during the July Monarchy . Offenstein got married in 1803 with Marie Barbe Lamarcq and got two son : Guillaume François ( 1804 – 1865 ) and Eugène Auguste ( 1808 – 1863 ) Offenstein has a family connection with the Pr . Paul Rohmer ( 1876 – 1977 ) , a French physician considered as the father of the modern paediatrics in the east corner of France .
To the Valiant Soldier of the Karelian Front The memorial award badge To the Valiant Soldier of the Karelian Front ( ) was a military decoration introduced in the Red Army . It was the first award of this type . " Karelian Front " was an informal name of the Karelian Battle Region of the Petrograd Military District in the territory of Karelia and part of Murmansk guberniya , formed for the suppression of the Karelian Uprising of 1921 - 1922 . The award was established by the RSFSR Revolutionary Military Council on March 5 , 1922 on the occasion of the suppression of the Karelian Uprising . All participants " of the liquidation of the intervention of White - Finn ish bands into the territory of Karelia " received this award .
HMS Odin ( S10 ) HMS " Odin " was a British " Oberon " - class submarine . She was built by Cammell Laird , Birkenhead . She was laid down on 27 April 1959 , launched 4 November 1960 and was commissioned on the 3 May 1962 . " Odin " was decommissioned on 18 October 1990 . She was sold for scrap in Greece in October 1991 .
Admiral ( Netherlands ) Admiral ( " admiraal " ) is theoretically the highest possible military rank in the Royal Netherlands Navy ( " Koninklijke Marine " ) , which is comparable to the five - star rank of Fleet Admiral in other navies like the US Navy . The rank of Admiral is still described in the military protocol s of the Dutch navy , but at present it is not used as an active rank . The rank can be held by either a Naval officer appointed by the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands or a member of the Dutch royal family . The royal connection to the rank of Admiral possibly originated in 1830 when King William I promoted his son Prince Frederick ( who was already the Secretary of State for War and Navy ) to the rank of Admiral and Commander - in - Chief of the armed forces . The next and till today last person promoted to the rank of Admiral was Prince Hendrik , the youngest brother of King William III , who made his brother Admiral in 1879 to honor him for his long and exceptional career in the Navy . The seniority of all Netherlands Admiral ranks is as follows :
1st Nottinghamshire Battery Royal Horse Artillery The 1st Nottinghamshire Battery , Royal Horse Artillery ( Territorial Force ) was a horse artillery unit of the British Army active during World War I . Origin . The 1st Nottinghamshire Battery was formed in 1908 at the creation of the new Territorial Force . It was attached to the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Mounted Brigade , which in turn formed part of 2nd Mounted Division . The battery was equipped with the 13 pounder Quick Firing gun . The battery ' s original CO was Colonel J . F . Laycock . World war I . At the outbreak of World War I , the 2nd Mounted Division were posted to guard the coast of Norfolk from an expected German invasion . In March 1915 , in common with most TF units , the battery formed a second - line unit to take over home defence , thereby releasing the parent battery for overseas service . The 1st Notts thus became the 1 / 1st Notts . The 2 / 1st Notts RHA would also eventually fight abroad in Mesopotamia . The battery left England on 9 April 1915 and joined the Imperial Mounted Division , which later became the Australian Mounted Division . It guarded the Suez Canal at Ismailia until 18 November 1915 and then fought the Senussi at Mersa Matruh until December 1916 with the Western Frontier Force . In January 1917 , the division went to Palestine in time for the first battle of Gaza ; it was the battery that supported the famous charge of the Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade at the Battle of Beersheba . On 1 May 1918 , the battery was supporting an attack in the Jordan valley when it ( and other batteries of 19th Artillery Brigade ) were overrun by Turkish forces . The Nottingham battery lost three of its six guns ; a further six guns were lost by the other two batteries . Characters . The England test cricketer Harry Elliott , who had worked for Col . Laycock before the war , served with the battery , . Duplicate unit . A Second Line unit , 2 / 1st Nottinghamshire Battery RHA ( renumbered 816 Battery Royal Field Artillery in February 1918 ) was raised in World War I , and also served in Mesopotamia , as part of CCXV Brigade RFA in 15th Indian Division .
Canon de 24 Gribeauval The Canon de 24 Gribeauval was a French 24 - pounder cannon and part of the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval . It was part of the siege artillery . The canon de 24 Gribeauval was used extensively during the wars following the French Revolution , as well as the Napoleonic wars . Some of the earlier Gribeauval siege guns kept the baroque " dolphin " design for the handles .
Arnala fort Arnala Fort is built on a small island of the port town of Arnala , located around 8 miles north of Vasai , Maharastra , India . Being an island fort , it is also called Jaldurg or Janjire - Arnala . The Portuguese , who owned this fort rebuilt and gave it the name Ilha das vacas . History . In 1516 , a local chieftain in Gujarat , Sultan Mahmud Begda originally constructed the fort on the island , strategically located at the mouth of the Vaitarna river . In the 1530s , the Portuguese had established their operations in the coastal area headquartered at Fort Bassein and soon gained control of the island . The Portuguese captain of Bassein donated the island to a Portuguese nobleman who tore down the old fort and began construction of a fort . Though the fort was never completed by the nobleman , it remained under Portuguese control for two centuries , who used it to control shipping and navigation along the northern Konkan coast . During the late 17th and early 18th centuries , after a long struggle with the Mughal Empire , the Maratha Confederacy came to dominate present day Maharastra . In 1737 the then Peshwa Baji Rao I sent his brother , Chimaji Appa , to take the Bassein Fort from the Portuguese . After winning the Battle of Vasai , his general , Shankarji Pant , persuaded Chimaji to launch an assault on Fort Arnala , for its strategic importance to the Maratha navy in assaulting Portuguese interests . Their first assault , coordinated with a Maratha naval force commanded by Manaji Agre , was routed by a superior Portuguese naval force . A second assault on the fort on March 28 , 1737 , caught the Portuguese by surprise and forced them to abandon the fort . The victory was commemorated by a plaque installed on the northern wall of the fort and is still visible today . Marathas then rebuilt the fort , constructing three bastions Bahirav , Bhavani and Bava . The Marathas controlled the fort until 1817 when , during the third British - Maratha war , despite successfully defending the fort , they were forced to surrender the fort to the British due to their superior naval power . The Arnala and Bassien forts were returned to the Marathas by the British in the treaty of Salabai , but the forts again changed hands under the treaty of Pune . Today the fort is in a state of disrepair . Features . Octagonal Water Reservoir and Temples . There is a large octagonal fresh water reservoir inside the fort . Inside the fort are the temples of Ambakeshwar , Goddess Bhavani , Lord Shiva , and the tombs of Shahali and Hajjali . The ' paduka ' or sacred sandals of Shrinityanand Maharaj are housed in a dome on the eastern face of the fort . The Entrance . The main entrance of the fort approximately faces North direction . The solid stone doorway is adorned with pictures of tigers and elephants . Ramparts and Walls . The external ramparts are in a fairly good condition , and a roughly three - meter - wide path exists along the outer walls . Southern Watch Tower . There exists a lone watch tower about 550 meters from the main fort , on the Southern end of the island . This tower has no entrance gate .
Rapid reaction force A rapid reaction force is a military or police unit designed to respond in very short time frames to emergencies . When used in reference to police forces such as SWAT teams , the time frame is minutes , while in military applications , such as with the use of paratroops or other commando s , the time frame is hours to days . Rapid reaction forces are designed to intervene quickly as a spearhead to gain and hold ground in quickly unfolding combat or in rather low intensity conflict s , such as uprisings that necessitate the evacuation of foreign embassies . Because they are usually transported by air , such military units are usually lightly armed , but often extremely well trained to compensate for their lower calibre weapons and lack of heavy equipment like tank s .
Sir James Harington , 3rd Baronet Sir James Harrington or Harington , 3rd Baronet of Ridlington ( 30 December 1607 – 1680 ) was an English Member of Parliament for Rutland ( 1646 – 53 ) and Middlesex ( 1654 – 55 ) . As a major - general in the Parliamentarian army during the English Civil War , Harrington fought at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge . Although he did not sign the death warrant , Harrington was one of the Commissioners ( Judges ) at the trial of Charles I . During the Interregnum , he continued to serve the Parliamentary cause , he served on the first Council of State and later was for a time President of the Council . After the Restoration he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act which pardoned most for taking up arms against the King in the Civil War , and died in exile on the European mainland . His baronetcy , which he had inherited on his father ' s death in 1653 , was declared forfeited for life in 1661 .
Muhammad Sidqi Mahmud Muhammad Sidqi Mahmud was the commanding general of the Egyptian Air Force during the Six - Day War in 1967 . He and the other senior Egypt ian commanders , including Field Marshal Amer and General Anwar al - Qadi were in an airplane en route to Bir al - Thamada to inspect the troops stationed in the Sinai when the Israeli offensive Operation Focus began on the morning of 5 June . The bulk of Egypt ' s combat aircraft were destroyed in the attack .
USS LST - 997 USS " LST - 997 " was an " LST - 542 " - class tank landing ship in the United States Navy . Like many of her class , she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation . " LST - 997 " was laid down on 27 March 1944 at the Boston Navy Yard ; launched on 12 May 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Victoria V . Lynn ; and commissioned on 27 May 1944 , Lt . L . R . Dhuyvetter , USNR , in command . During World War II , " LST - 997 " was assigned to the European theater and participated in the Operation Dragoon , the invasion of southern France , in August and September 1944 . Following the war , she performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid - November 1945 . She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 7 March 1947 and struck from the Navy list on 4 April that same year . On 15 June 1948 , the ship was sold to Consolidated Builders , Inc . , Seattle , Washington , for scrapping . Following World War II " LST - 997 " performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid - September 1945 . " LST - 997 " earned one battle star for World War II service .
Deployments of the French military The military of France has several deployments throughout the world . Currently , France has about 19 , 000 troops deployed abroad ( including temporary as well as permanent deployments ) : 12 , 000 of these troops act as sovereign forces while the other 7 , 000 are part of peacekeeping operations under international or defense agreements . Notably deployments in the African continent are French - speaking African nations . Deployments . The following is an incomplete list of French deployments . " Note : The table can be sorted alphabetically or numerically using the icon . "
W88 The W88 is a United States thermonuclear warhead , with an estimated yield of 475 kilotons ( kt ) , and is small enough to fit on MIRV ed missiles . The W88 was designed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1970s . In 1999 , the director of Los Alamos who had presided over its design described it as " the most advanced U . S . nuclear warhead . " The Trident II submarine - launched ballistic missile ( SLBM ) can be armed with up to eight W88 warheads ( Mark 5 re - entry vehicle ) or eight 100 kt W76 warheads ( Mark 4 re - entry vehicle ) , but it is limited to 4 warheads under the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty . Design revelations . Information about the W88 has implied that it is a variation of the standard Teller - Ulam design for thermonuclear weapons . In 1999 , a reporter for the " San Jose Mercury News " reported that the U . S . W88 nuclear warhead , a small MIRV ed warhead used on the Trident II SLBM , had a prolate ( egg - or watermelon - shaped ) " primary " ( code - named " Komodo " ) and a spherical " secondary " ( code - named " Cursa " ) inside a specially - shaped radiation case ( known as the " peanut " for its shape ) . A story four months later in " The New York Times " by William Broad reported that in 1995 , a supposed double agent from the People ' s Republic of China delivered information indicating that China knew these details about the W88 warhead as well , supposedly through espionage ( this line of investigation eventually resulted in the abortive trial of Wen Ho Lee ) . If these stories are true , it would indicate a variation of the Teller - Ulam design which would allow for the miniaturization required for small MIRVed warheads . The value of a prolate primary lies apparently in the fact that a MIRV warhead is limited by the diameter of the primary — if a prolate primary can be made to work properly , then the MIRV warhead can be made considerably smaller yet still deliver a high - yield explosion — a W88 warhead manages to yield up 475 kt with a physics package 68 . 9 in ( 1 . 75 m ) long , with a maximum diameter of 21 . 8 in ( 0 . 55 m ) , and weighing probably less than 800 lb ( 360 kg ) . Smaller warheads can allow a nation to fit more of them onto a single missile , as well as improve in more basic flight properties such as speed , mileage , and range . The calculations for a nonspherical primary are apparently orders of magnitude harder than for a spherical primary . A spherically symmetric simulation is one dimensional , while an axially symmetric simulation is two dimensional . Simulations typically divide up each dimension into discrete segments , so a one dimensional simulation might involve only 100 points , while a similarly accurate two dimensional simulation would require 10 , 000 . This would likely be the reason they would be desirable for a country like the People ' s Republic of China , which already developed its own nuclear and thermonuclear weapons , especially since they were no longer conducting nuclear testing which would provide valuable design information .
USS General Greene ( 1799 ) The second USS " General Greene " was a frigate in the United States Navy during the Quasi - War with France . Named after American Revolution General Nathaneal Greene , she was built under government contract by Benjamin Talman and James De Wolf at Warren , Rhode Island . Launched on 21 January 1799 , the frigate was placed under command of Captain Christopher R . Perry . Perry ' s son , a young midshipman named Oliver Hazard Perry , was assigned to his father ' s ship . " General Greene " sailed on 2 June 1799 , joining the in convoying five merchantmen to Havana . Damage suffered in a heavy gale caused her to put in at Havana for repairs , and her crew was struck with yellow fever . More than 20 died and the frigate returned to Newport , Rhode Island , on 27 July with 37 men in various stages of recovery . After a thorough cleaning , fumigation , and change of ballast , she departed Newport on 23 September 1799 to take station at Cap Francois , San Domingo . " General Greene " remained off San Domingo for the following six months . In company with , on 1 December 1799 she assisted in the capture of the schooner " Flying Fish " and retook the American schooner " Weymouth " , which had been captured by French privateer " Hope " . Much of her time was spent watching over the rebellion against General Toussaint in Haiti . She blockaded the port of Jacmel to cut off supplies of the rebels , and gave direct gunfire support to General Toussaint ' s army in the capture of Jacmel on 27 February 1800 . She remained at Jacmel as a possible haven for American citizens until 27 April , when she sailed with two representatives sent by General Toussaint for an audience with the President of the United States , John Adams . Stopping at New Orleans , she embarked General James Wilkinson and his family for transport home . " General Greene " then proceeded as escort for 12 merchantmen bound to Havana . She finally returned to Newport , arriving on 21 July 1800 . " General Greene ' s " crew was discharged and the frigate remained idle at Newport , until Captain Perry was retired under the Peace Establishment Act of 3 April 1801 , after which she was laid up in ordinary at the Washington Navy Yard . She served as a floating sick bay for frigate in 1803 , and was reduced to a sheer hulk in 1805 . The " General Greene " was destroyed by flames on 24 August 1814 when British troops captured Washington , D . C . during the War of 1812 .
Ronald Reid - Daly Lieutenant Colonel Ronald " Ron " Francis Reid - Daly ( September 22 , 1928 – August 9 , 2010 ) founded and commanded the elite Selous Scouts special forces unit that fought during the Rhodesian Bush War . Career . Reid - Daly , who was born in Salisbury , then capital of the British colony of Southern Rhodesia , entered military service in 1951 and served with the all - Rhodesian " C " Squadron of the Special Air Service ( SAS ) in counter - insurgency operations in Malaya . He rose to the rank of Regimental Sergeant Major in the Rhodesian Light Infantry and was later commissioned and achieved the rank of Captain . He retired from the Army in 1973 . In late 1973 he was persuaded by General Peter Walls , then chief of the Rhodesian Army , to return to active duty in order to form the Selous Scouts , an elite special forces unit to combat the growing threat posed by nationalist guerrillas . Drawing on his Malayan experience , Lieutenant Colonel Reid - Daly built a skilled and highly professional regiment from scratch . Although the Selous Scouts achieved many of their military objectives , their unorthodox methods created tensions within the military hierarchy . Reid - Daly had several brushes with the Rhodesian authorities . In 1979 rumours surfaced in Salisbury that the Scouts were poaching ivory along the Zambezi valley . These rumours were never proved , and the colonel , as a well - known conservationist , dismissed the allegations as ridiculous . In the process of defending himself against them , Reid - Daly verbally attacked Major General John Hickman . For this he was charged with insubordination and sentenced to a reprimand . Disgusted , he resigned as the commander of the Scouts in August but continued to fight a legal battle against the judgement , proclaiming his innocence even after Rhodesia became Zimbabwe and stopped doing so only after he moved to South Africa in 1982 . In South Africa , Reid - Daly became commander of the Transkei Defence Force , and he was subsequently the leader of the private security firm Security Services Transkei Pty Ltd . For the final decade of his life , he resided near Cape Town .
Hans Strelow To avoid capture by the Red Army Strelow committed suicide after he was shot down by a Petlyakov Pe - 2 twin - engine bomber in Bf 109 F - 2 " Black 10 " ( " Werknummer " 8239 — factory number ) . He had made a forced landing behind Soviet lines .
United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia describes an officer ' s pay - grade . Rank is displayed on collar devices , shoulder boards , and on the sleeves of dress uniforms . Some Coast Guard officers are considered line officer s , unlike the Navy which has a staff corps to identify certain career fields . Warrant Officer grade structure of the United States Coast Guard
25th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 25th Army ( German : " 25 . Armee " ) was a World War II field army of the German Army . The army was formed on 10 November 1944 in the Netherlands from the staffs of the Armed Forces Commander of the Netherlands and the " Kleffel " ( previously known as " Narva " ) Task Force . The designation as " army " was for most of the command ' s existence a deception measure as it did not command more than three divisions until April 1945 . 25th Army held the northern - most position of the German front line of the Western Front in late 1944 and 1945 , with its right ( western ) flank anchored on the North Sea and its left ( eastern ) flank adjoining the 1st Parachute Army . Defending the western Netherlands along the Maas River from the North Sea to Arnhem , its primary opponent was First Canadian Army . It was commanded successively by Friedrich Christiansen , Günther Blumentritt , and Philipp Kleffel . From November 1944 until April 1945 , the 25th Army was subordinated to Army Group H and subsequently was transferred to the Northwest High Command ( " OB Nordwest " ) for the remainder of the war . The surrender of German forces of the Northwest High Command to British 21st Army Group , including 25th Army , was signed on 4 May 1945 and took effect at 0800 on the following day .