naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles L . Scott Charles Lewis Scott ( January 23 , 1827 – April 30 , 1899 ) is a former American Democratic politician from California . Biography . Charles L . Scott was born January 23 , 1827 in Richmond , Virginia . His father was Robert G . Scott , well known attorney and politician of Richmond , who was born in McIntosh Co . GA and died in Alabama . His mother was Susan Randolph Madison , daughter of Rt . Rev . Bishop James Madison of VA . His grandfather was Col . William Scott , born 1752 in VA and lived in Camden Co . GA . Charles Lewis Scott attended the public schools and Richmond Academy . In 1846 he graduated from the College of William and Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia . He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1847 , practicing in Richmond . During the 1849 California Gold Rush he went to California and mined gold . In 1851 , he resumed practicing law in Sonora . Scott was a member of the State assembly during 1854 – 1856 . In 1856 , he was elected to the 35th Congress , serving until 1861 . In Congress , he met several famous men of the day and he married a young woman he met in Mobile , Alabama . When the American Civil War began , he resigned his seat in Congress and joined the Fourth Regiment , Alabama Volunteer Infantry , of the Confederate Army , serving as major . He never returned to California . In 1861 he suffered a serious leg wound at the First Battle of Bull Run . The severity of his leg pain caused him to resign his commission in 1862 , after the Battle of Seven Pines . After the war , Scott farmed in Wilcox County , Alabama , then during 1869 – 1879 was a journalist . He was a delegate to every Democratic National Convention from the end of the Civil War to 1896 . In 1885 , he was appointed by President Cleveland as minister to Venezuela , serving until he resigned in 1889 . He returned to the U . S . and farmed . Scott died April 30 , 1899 near Mount Pleasant , Monroe County , Alabama , and is buried at a private cemetery at Cedar Hill , Alabama .
Rashaida Free Lions The Rashaida Free Lions ( , الأسود الحُرة ) are an armed group of the Rashaida people that was active in the eastern regions of Sudan . The Free Lions were formed in November 1999 by Mabrouk Mubarak Salim . While the political grievances articulated by the Free Lions , like those of their allies the Beja Congress , revolve around the effects of large mechanized agricultural schemes upon traditional life , the act which mobilized the Rashaida into action was the government confiscation of 400 vehicles the government of Kuwait had given them in thanks for their political support during the 1991 Gulf War . The Rashaida had immigrated from Saudi Arabia only in the late 19th century and have extensive family ties with Kuwait . In March 2005 , the Free Lions agreed to an alliance with the larger Beja Congress under the Eastern Front umbrella . Although the Eastern Front later was joined by the Justice and Equality Movement , the Free Lions never gained a wide base of support amongst their people , and relied on their skill as businessmen and smugglers — as well as Eritrean support — to fund their activities . In the end , their ties to Kuwaiti parliamentarians played a large role in mediating the October 2006 peace agreement between the Eastern Front and the Sudanese government .
Western Air Defense Force The Western Air Defense Force ( WADF ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command being stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base , California . It was inactivated on July 1 , 1960 . History . WADF was an intermediate - level command and control organization of Air Defense Command . Its origins date to 1 March 1949 when Continental Air Command ( ConAC ) reorganized Air Defense Command when it became an operating agency . Air defense units within the Continental United States ( CONUS ) were given to the Eastern and Western Air Defense Liaison Groups , with Western and Eastern Air Defense Forces activated on 1 September 1949 . The command was originally assigned the region within the Continental United States ( CONUS ) to the west of the 102d degree of longitude , from the Canadian border in the north to the Rio Grande border between the United States and Mexico in the south and west to the Pacific Ocean coastline . This was adjusted in 1951 with the activation of Central Air Defense Force ( CADF ) with the region being adjusted slightly to the west to the border of Montana and North Dakota at the Canadian Border , south along the eastern borders of Montana , Wyoming , Colorado and New Mexico to the Mexican Border . Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF . The delineation was again adjusted in March 1956 to the region generally to the west of the 114th degree of longitude , roughly along the eastern borders of Idaho , Nevada and California from the Canadian border in the north to the Mexican border in the south . Organizations stationed east of that boundary were transferred to CADF , whose region was shifted westward . Western Air Defense Force was inactivated on 1 July 1960 , with its assigned units reassigned either to 25th or 28th Air Divisions , or to the new Air Defense Sectors created with the advent of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system .
7th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 7th Regiment , Minnesota Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army that served in the Western Theater of the American Civil War . Elijah Evan Edwards was chaplain of the 7th Minnesota Infantry . Service . The 7th Minnesota was mustered into Federal service at Camp Release , Fort Snelling , and St . Peter , Minnesota , between August 16 and October 30 , 1862 . Over the course of the War , the Seventh fought in Minnesota against the Dakota and then moved South . They fought decisive battles on the Western front of the War and spent much of their time moving between engagements . Though the regiment was not fully formed , some companies participated in the US - Dakota War in the fall of 1862 . They fought at the Battle of Wood Lake in September of that year . Following the surrender of Little Crow and the Dakota , the Seventh spent the winter in Minnesota . The next summer , they accompanied Henry Sibley on raids against Indians to the west of Minnesota . They fought in the Battle of Big Mound in July , 1863 . Then , they returned to Minnesota and were sent South in October of that year . After arriving in St . Louis , the regiment spent the winter there . Once spring arrived , the regiment moved east into Paducah , Kentucky . From there , the Seventh moved South into Tennessee and by the end of June were in northern Mississippi . In July , they fought Confederate forces in the Battle of Tupelo . They pursued Sterling Price but did not engage his troops . They arrived in Nashville that winter and contributed to the Union victory at the Battle of Nashville . After the battle , they moved further South and arrived in Alabama for the Battle of Spanish Fort , one of the last battles on the Western front . The war ended soon afterward , and by July the Seventh was heading North for home . It was mustered out in St . Paul , Minnesota , on August 16 , 1865 . Casualties . The 7th Minnesota Infantry suffered 2 officers and 31 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds , plus another 138 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 171 fatalities . See also . List of Minnesota Civil War Units
W78 The W78 thermonuclear warhead is the warhead used on most of the United States LGM - 30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile s ( ICBMs ) , along with the MK - 12A reentry vehicle which carried the warhead . Minuteman III ' s initially deployed with the older W62 warhead ; the W78 was deployed starting in December 1979 onto 300 missiles , three warheads per missile . Declassified records indicate a total of 1 , 083 W78s were produced . The W78 was designed at Los Alamos National Laboratory starting in 1974 . The design is thought to combine the secondary ( fusion ) stage design of older ICBM warheads such as the W50 with a more modern primary stage ( see Teller - Ulam design for more details ) . The W78 has a publicly announced yield of 335 - 350 kilotons of TNT ( kt ) . Dimensions of the W78 are unknown , but it fits within the MK - 12A reentry vehicle , which is conically shaped , 21 . 3 inches in diameter at its base and 71 . 3 inches long . The W78 is estimated to weigh 700 - 800 pounds . The W78 does not use insensitive high explosive s , such as TATB , which are used in many nuclear weapons because of their high resistance to accidental detonation due to shock or fire or impact . As a result , the W78 is considered a somewhat dangerous warhead , and cannot be transported by air unless there is no other safe option .
HMS Alderney ( P416 ) HMS " Alderney " ( P416 ) , was an " Amphion " - class submarine of the Royal Navy , built by Vickers - Armstrongs at Barrow and launched 25 June 1945 by Mrs Molly Wallis , wife of Sir Barnes Wallis . She was the 12th of the class and was scrapped in 1972 . Operational Service . " Alderney " completed three commissions between 1954 and 1963 with the 6th Submarine Squadron at Halifax Nova Scotia , carrying out exercises with the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air Force . She was modernised during a long refit in Portsmouth Dockyard between 1956 and 1958 . In 1965 she recommissioned for the eighth time and was allocated to the 1st Submarine Squadron at HMS Dolphin . In 1965 and 1966 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days . She was decommissioned in 1966 and was finally scrapped at Troon , Scotland on 1 February 1970 .
Julian Hatcher Julian Sommerville Hatcher ( June 26 , 1888 – December 4 , 1963 ) , was a U . S . Army major general , noted firearms expert and author of the early twentieth century . He is credited with several technical books and articles relating to military firearms , ballistics , and autoloading weapon s . His premier works are " Hatcher ' s Notebook " and " Book of the Garand " , along with " Pistols and Revolvers and Their Use " s and " Textbook of Pistols and Revolvers " . In the latter work he introduced the Hatcher Scale , probably the first attempt to determine the stopping power of a handgun round by a formula . He was also a pioneer in the forensic identification of firearms and their ammunition . Hatcher retired from the United States Army as a Major General . Afterward , he served as Technical Editor of the National Rifle Association ' s " American Rifleman " magazine . Hatcher was born in Hayfield , Virginia and graduated with honors from Annapolis in 1909 [ he voluntarily transferred from the Navy to the Army ' s coast artillery ] . He married Eleanor Dashiell and together , they had three children . Chief of the Small Arms Division in the Ordnance Department and the Assistant Commandant of the Ordnance School before and at the beginning of World War II , he worked closely with Springfield Armory as an engineering trouble - shooter in resolving early production issues associated with the early iterations of the M1 Garand Rifle . In 1916 , the Hotchkiss M1909 Benet - Mercie machine gun was in general use with the U . S . Army and was seeing action during the Punitive Expedition against the bandit Pancho Villa . Reports of its use in Mexico indicated the gun was not functioning properly . Investigation revealed that the chief problems were the 30 - round metallic feed strips used in the gun and inexperienced gunners . It was Lieutenant Hatcher who was sent to the border to solve the problems . He found that none of the soldiers had been taught the proper use of the weapon . He set up the Army ' s first machine gun school and was soon turning out trained crews . Soon , the Benet - Mercie proved to be an effective weapon . Hatcher was later instrumental in developing a solution to the vexing problem of brittle metal in early M1903 receivers built by Springfield and Rock Island Arsenal s . His solution was to drill a hole in the receiver adjacent to the breech . Dubbed the " Hatcher Hole " , the modification was typically added to receivers at overhaul . Books . References are to Ray Riling , " Guns and Shooting , a Bibliography , " New York : Greenberg , 1951 .
Vardar Army The Vardar Army of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " Vardar Ordusu " ) was one of the field armies under the command of the Western Army . It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War . Order of Battle , October 19 , 1912 . On October 19 , 1912 , the army was structured as follows : Order of Battle , November 12 , 1912 . On November 12 , 1912 , the army was structured as follows : Order of Battle , November 16 , 1912 . On November 16 , 1912 , the army was structured as follows :
Battle of Arachova The Battle of Arachova occurred between November 18 and November 24 , 1826 between forces under the command of Mustafa Bey and Greek irregulars under Georgios Karaiskakis . After leaving the camp at Athens , Karaiskakis moved his army to Rumeli , with the intention of cutting off Ottoman supply lines . On November 18 , he encountered an Ottoman army of Mustafa Bey , which was ultimately defeated . The Ottomans were driven from Arachova and suffered considerable casualties in the process , numbering around at 2 , 000 , close to the entire Ottoman combatant figure .
Benedict Crowell Benedict Crowell ( October 12 , 1869 - September 8 , 1952 ) was a United States military officer and politician particularly influential in military organization during and following World War I . Biography . Crowell was born in 1869 in Cleveland , Ohio to Mr and Mrs William Crowell . He attended Yale University , where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity , graduating in 1891 with both a Ph . D . and M . A . He returned to Cleveland to pursue a business career in steel and mining , and married Julia Cobb in December 1904 . As war loomed , he rose quickly through the ranks of the United States Army Reserve , being made first an honorary major on his entry in 1916 , and eventually a brigadier general before being tapped for political positions . During the war he went on to serve as Assistant Secretary of War and Director of Munitions , founded the Army Ordnance Association in 1919 , and eventually became a special consultant to the Secretary of War during World War II . He remained influential and active in politics between the wars , serving as a principal framer of the National Defense Act of 1920 , and was president of the Army Ordnance Association , a lobbying group , for a quarter of a century . He died in Cleveland in 1952 , being survived by his wife . Crowell is interred in Arlington National Cemetery .
HMVS Gordon HMVS " Gordon " was a torpedo boat operated by the Victorian Naval Forces , the Commonwealth Naval Forces , and the Royal Australian Navy . She was launched in 1884 and lost in an accident in 1914 . Construction . Designed for the defence of the British colony of Victoria , " Gordon " was ordered on 5 February 1885 . She was launched at the Cowes yard of J . Samuel White in 1884 . She was long and displaced about 12 tons . The compound surface - condensing steam engine by G . E . Bayliss & Co . provided , sufficient for about . " Gordon " was armed with three 1 - inch Nordenfelt gun s and carried two sets of dropping gear for Whitehead torpedo es . She was manned by 11 men . Service . " Gordon " served as a depot tender to Williamstown Dockyard during from 1901 to 1914 . When the colonies of Australia were federated in 1901 , " Gordon " became part of the Commonwealth Naval Forces . The Royal Australian Navy was formed in 1911 and from this time she was referred to as HMAS " Gordon " . Fate . " Gordon " was rammed and sunk in Port Phillip Bay by the picket boat " Picket " on 14 November 1914 .
James Reasoner Civil War Series The American Civil War Battle Series by author James Reasoner is a ten volume series of historical novels about the American Civil War . The series centers on the fictional Brannon family , which resides in Culpeper , Virginia , a village and county in north central Virginia north of the Rapidan River that served as a major supply depot for the Confederate army . Each novel in Reasoner ' s series revolves around a Civil War major battle or campaign . The ten novels in series order : The Brannon family . The Brannon family owns a farm in Culpeper County just outside of the village of Culpeper . John Brannon has died as the first novel " Manassas " begins in January 1861 . John was an avid fan of William Shakespeare . Matriarch Abigail Brannon oversees the farm with her six children , who have been named after William Shakespeare and characters from his plays . The Brannon children are William ( Will ) , MacBeth ( Mac ) , Titus , Cory , Henry , and Cordelia . The family is drawn into the events of the coming war . The War . Will , the Culpeper sheriff , enlists in the Confederate Army prior to the First Battle of Manassas . Mac later enlists in the Confederate Cavalry and serves under Generals Fitzhugh Lee and J . E . B . Stuart . Hard - drinking Titus and little brother Henry fight both the Union Army and each other ( over a woman ) . Cordelia ' s initial love interest enlists in the Union Army . Cory drifts west and finds employment on a Mississippi river boat . Corey becomes marginally involved in the Battle of Shiloh and the Vicksburg Campaign . When the Union Army moves south later in the war , the Brannon family farm becomes a battlefield . Book 1 Manassas . The first book in the series begins with the oldest of the Brannon clan as Sheriff of the county . He and his deputy Luther Strawn are bent on bringing the Fogarty clan to justice . This coming with the Brannons already having a long running feud with the Fogartys . This leads to Luther Strawn ' s death , Henry ( the youngest brother ) being shot , the burning of the barn , and Abagail ' s disowning of Will . Will joins the newly formed Confederacy and fights in the first battle of Manassas .
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Museum The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Museum is the regimental museum of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders , their antecedent regiments and successor battalions . Located in Stirling Castle , the museum building was built in the 1490s , and known as the “ King ’ s House ” or " King ' s Old Building " , thought to have been the private residence of King James IV . Six galleries , on two floors of the King ' s Old Building , are laid out to provide a chronological history of the Regiment from the raising of the 91st Argyllshire Highlanders in 1794 to operations in present day Afghanistan . The Museum ' s extensive archive of material , gathered from official and personal sources , traces the important events in which the regiment participated and the amazing stories of its soldiers . Included in the displays are descriptive story boards and dioramas , providing the narrative , and uniforms and equipment , weapons and medals , pipe banners and regimental colours , along with paintings , photographs and documents , providing the visual interest . Entrance to the Museum is included in the price of the castle entrance ticket . The museum is almost entirely maintained through public donations ; the modest grant from the Ministry of Defence has been withdrawn . It is governed by a charitable trust : The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Museum Trust .
6th Support Group ( United Kingdom ) History . This was a brigade size formation attached to the 6th Armoured Division . In the early days of the Second World War the support group ( or Pivot Group as it was sometimes known ) was what its name suggested . It provided whatever support the armoured brigades needed to the operation in hand , being able to provide motorised infantry , field artillery , anti - tank artillery or light anti - aircraft artillery as needed .
BL 7 . 5 inch Mk II – V naval gun The BL 7 . 5 inch guns Mk II - Mk V were a variety of 50 calibres naval guns used by Britain in World War I . They all had similar performance and fired the same shells . History . Mark II . Mark II guns were originally developed to suit India ' s coast defence requirements . During World War I several reserve guns made for India but still in the UK were employed as coast defence guns in the UK . They were scrapped or sent to India soon after the war . Marks II * , II * * , V . These were built and employed specifically as naval guns and were mounted as secondary armament as a heavier alternative to 6 - inch guns , on the following ships : < br style = " clear : left ; " > Mark III . Mark III guns were built by Elswick Ordnance to arm the battleship " Constitución " they were building for Chile . Britain acquired them by default when she bought " Constitución " in 1903 to avoid the risk of them being acquired by Russia . " Constitución " became HMS " Swiftsure " in British service . " Swiftsure " was decommissioned in 1917 and her guns were used for coast defence in Britain , as siege guns on the Belgian coast near Nieuport for attacking German batteries , and on " M15 " - class monitors . < br style = " clear : left ; " > Mark IV . Mark IV guns were made by Vickers for the battleship " Libertad " they were building for Chile . Britain acquired them by default in 1903 when she bought " Libertad " together with " Constitución " . " Libertad " became HMS " Triumph " in British service .
Battle of Nikopol The Battle of Nikopol , " or Nicopolis " , was one of the early battles of the Russo - Turkish War ( 1877 – 1878 ) . As the Russian army crossed the Danube River , they approached the fortified city of Nikopol ( Nicopolis ) . The Turkish high command sent Osman Pasha with the troops from Vidin to oppose the Russians ' crossing of the Danube . Osman ' s intentions were to reinforce and defend Nikopol . However , the Russian IX Corps under General Nikolai Kridener reached the city and bombarded the garrison into submission before Osman could arrive . He instead fell back to Plevna . With the Nikopol garrison eliminated , the Russians were free to march on to Plevna .