naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Curzola Battle of Curzola ( or Battle of Korčula , from the modern name of the place along the coast of southern Dalmatia , now in Croatia ) was the naval battle which was fought on September 9 , 1298 between the fleets of Genoa and Venice ; it was a disaster for Venice , a major setback among many battles fought in the 13th and 14th centuries between Pisa , Genoa and Venice in a long series of wars for the control of Mediterranean and Levantine trade . Battle . The battle took place in the channel between the island of Curzola ( Korčula ) and the mainland peninsula of Sabbioncello ( Pelješac ) , and ashore , where Venetian men had been landed on the island ' s far side . The Venetians were led by Admiral Andrea Dandolo , son of Doge Giovanni Dandolo , and the Genoese by Lamba Doria , whose son was killed in the fighting : " Throw my son overboard into the deep sea , " Doria was said to have ordered : " What better resting place can we give him ? " . The fleet of the two states were apparently equal in number , but , after the Venetians in their haste to capture Genoese galleys ran their own aground , Doria exhibited superior strategy and managed to inflict a resounding defeat on his enemies . The disaster seemed almost complete for Venice : 83 of their 95 ships were destroyed and about 7 , 000 men were killed . The Genoese were victorious and Dandolo committed suicide in his first days of captivity . Venice suffered heavy losses , but she managed to immediately equip another 100 galley s and tried to obtain reasonable peace conditions that did not significatively hampered its power and prosperity . According to a later tradition ( 16th Century ) recorded by Giovanni Battista Ramusio , Marco Polo was one of those among the Venetian prisoners and he dictated his famous book during the few months of his imprisonment ; but whether he was actually caught at this battle or at a previous minor engagement near Laiazzo ( Ayas ) is unclear .
VIII Corps ( German Empire ) The VIII Army Corps / VIII AK ( ) was a corps level command of the Prussia n and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . Originating on 21 June 1815 as the General Command for the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine and established on 3 April 1820 as VIII Corps . The headquarters was in Koblenz and its catchment area was the Rhine Province and the Principality of Birkenfeld of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg . The Corps served in the Austro - Prussian War . During the Franco - Prussian War it was assigned to the 1st Army . In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the V Army Inspectorate but joined the 4th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I . Austro - Prussian War . VIII Corps fought in the Austro - Prussian War in 1866 , seeing action in the Battle of Königgrätz . Franco - Prussian War . During the Franco - Prussian War , the Corps formed part of the 1st Army . Initially involved in the battles around Metz ( Battle of Gravelotte ) and subsequent siege of the fortress . After the capitulation of Metz in October 1870 it took part in the fighting north of Paris in the Battle of Hallue and the siege of the fortress of Péronne . Subsequent battles followed at Amiens and finally at St . Quentin . Peacetime organisation . The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army ( Guards , I - XXI , I - III Bavarian ) had a reasonably standardised organisation . Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades , one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each . Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type , so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry , 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments . There were exceptions to this rule : Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units . This could include one or more World War I . Organisation on mobilisation . On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured . 16th Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the 3rd Cavalry Division and the 15th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters . In summary , VIII Corps mobilised with 24 infantry battalions , 8 machine gun companies ( 48 machine guns ) , 8 cavalry squadrons , 24 field artillery batteries ( 144 guns ) , 4 heavy artillery batteries ( 16 guns ) , 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , VIII Corps was assigned to the 4th Army forming part of the centre of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . It was still in existence at the end of the war . Commanders . The VIII Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Gertrude Janeway Gertrude Janeway ( July 3 , 1909 – January 17 , 2003 ) was the last known widow of a Union Civil War veteran . Life . Gertrude Grubb was born in Blaine , Tennessee , and was courted by John Janeway beginning when she was only 16 . Her mother , widowed when Gertrude was only 13 , would not allow her to marry until she was 18 . She married John Janeway , an officer in the 14th Illinois cavalry , in 1927 when she was 18 and he 81 . The marriage ceremony took place in the middle of a dirt road with family and friends in attendance . They lived together in a log cabin in Blaine , Tennessee until John Janeway ' s death in 1937 . She was a member of the Green Acres Missionary Baptist Church . Gertrude continued to live in the cabin for nearly 70 years after her husband ' s death . She received a $ 70 pension check for veterans ' benefits from the government every two months until her death in 2003 . Pension Legacy . On April 9 , 2011 " The Economist " commented on her as an example of the length of pension obligations : " WHEN GERTRUDE JANEWAY died in 2003 , she was still getting a monthly cheque for $ 70 from the Veterans Administration — for a military pension earned by her late husband , John , on the Union side of the American civil war that ended in 1865 . The pair had married in 1927 , when he was 81 and she was 18 . The amount may have been modest but the entitlement spanned three centuries , illustrating just how long pension commitments can last . "
1654 Anglo - Swedish alliance The 1654 Anglo - Swedish alliance was signed by Bulstrode Whitelocke , representing the Commonwealth of England , and Christina , Queen of Sweden , in Uppsala , Sweden in 1654 . Its main purpose was to offset the alliance between Denmark and the Netherlands . It was signed on April 28 , but antedated April 11 .
2nd Air Corps ( Germany ) II . Fliegerkorps ( 2nd Air Corps ) was formed 11 October 1939 in Frankfurt am Main from the 2 . Flieger - Division . The Corps was relocated to the Mediterranean theatre of operations on 15 November 1941 . The Corps was merged with the Feldluftgau XXX on 29 August 1944 and renamed " Kommandierender General der Deutschen Luftwaffe Nordbalkan " ( commanding general of the German Luftwaffe northern Balkans ) . In November 1944 the corps was again renamed II . Fliegerkorps and redesignated Luftwaffenkommando Nordost on 2 April 1945 .
USS Doloma ( SP - 1062 ) USS " Doloma " ( SP - 1062 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 until 1918 or 1919 . " Doloma " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1907 . In 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her either under a free lease or a USD $ 1 . 00 - per - month lease from her owner , A . Hompe of Grand Rapids , Michigan , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned on either 28 May or 26 July 1917 as USS " Doloma " ( SP - 1062 ) . Assigned to the 9th Naval District , " Doloma " served on patrol duties on the Great Lakes for the rest of World War I , although her service was limited . " Doloma " was returned to Hompe after the war . Her return date is unclear ; sources claim both that the Commandant , 9th Naval District , reported on 31 December 1918 that she had been returned to Hompe and that she was returned to him on 4 March 1919 .
Spiridon Zhevakhov Spiridon Eristovich Zhevakhov ( ) or Spiridon Javakhishvili ( ) ( 1768 – July 25 , 1815 ) was a Russian general of Georgian noble descent and a participant of the Napoleonic Wars . Zhevakhov was born in the émigré Georgian family of Prince Javakhishvili who had an estate in Ukraine . He enlisted in the Leib - Guard Preobrazhensky regiment in 1779 and took part in the war against the Turkey ( 1787 - 1792 ) , Poland ( 1794 ) , Persia ( 1796 ) , and Suvorov ’ s campaign in Switzerland ( 1799 ) . In 1797 , he joined the Pavlograd hussar regiment of which he would become a commander in 1810 . He fought against Napoleonic France from 1805 to 1807 and was promoted to a colonel in 1807 . During the French invasion of Russia in 1812 , Zhevakhov served in the 3rd Army of the West and successfully commanded cavalry units . He distinguished himself in the 1813 Battle of Leipzig and was made a major - general . In 1813 , he contributed to the Allies ’ victory in the Netherlands . After the end of the hostilities with France , he commanded a brigade in the 3rd hussar division .
George Richardson ( VC ) George Richardson VC ( 1 August 1831 – 28 January 1923 ) was born in Derrylane , Killeshandra , County Cavan and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 27 years old , and a private in the 34th Regiment of Foot ( later The Border Regiment ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : He emigrated to Canada and joined a Canadian army unit and achieved the rank of sergeant . He died London , Ontario , Canada on 28 January 1923 .
George Grogan Brigadier General George William St George Grogan VC , CB , CMG , DSO & Bar ( 1 September 1875 – 3 January 1962 ) was a career officer in the British Army and a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . VC award . Grogan was 42 years old , and a temporary Brigadier General in the Worcestershire Regiment commanding the 23rd Infantry Brigade , 8th Division during the First World War Third Battle of the Aisne , and was awarded the VC for the following events on 27 – 29 May 1918 . DSO citations . In 1917 , during the Battle of Passchendaele : On 27 March 1918 , defending at Rosières during the Operation Michael German offensive : Career . Educated at Sandhurst , he joined the West India Regiment serving in Sierra Leone Hut Tax War of 1898 . Promoted to Captain in 1900 , he served with the Egyptian Army in 1902 – 07 . In 1907 he joined the Yorkshire Light Infantry , moving to the Worcestershire Regiment in 1908 . Promoted to Major on 28 September 1914 , he joined the 2nd Battalion , 2nd Division , of the BEF . Wounded in January 1915 , after the Battle of Neuve Chapelle he took command of the 1st Battalion as temporary Lieutenant Colonel . On 1 January 1916 he was created a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) and was mentioned in despatches . After fighting in the Battle of the Somme in 1916 he was awarded his first DSO in March 1917 and was appointed to command the 23rd Brigade , 8th division , from April 1917 as temporary Brigadier - General . In the retreat during Operation Michael in March 1918 his efforts resulted in a bar to his DSO , and during the Third Battle of the Aisne he won his VC for inspiring the defence of a hill above the River Vesle at Jonchery during 27 – 29 May 1918 . In 1919 he was sent with 1st Brigade of the " Relief Force Russia " under Lord Rawlinson to evacuate the North Russia Intervention forces . On 3 June 1919 he was made a Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath ( CB ) . In October 1923 he reached the substantive rank of Colonel , commanding the 5th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Division . He served as an A . D . C . ( equerry ) to King George V from 1920 to 1926 , and retired as an honorary Brigadier - General in 1926 . In 1933 – 45 he was appointed one of His Majesty ' s Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms . He was honorary Colonel of the Worcestershire Regiment from 1938 to 1945 . Family . Grogan was the son of Colonel Edward George Grogan CB , who commanded the 1st Battalion Black Watch in the Second Boer War , and his wife Meta , only daughter of Admiral William King - Hall . His grandfather was Captain George Grogan of Sutton , County Dublin , a Captain in the 6th Dragoon Guards . On 22 January 1920 Grogan married Gadice Elger , eldest daughter of John Elger the Younger , at Holy Trinity Church , Chelsea , London . They had two sons : Gwyn , born 7 August 1921 , and Edward , born 27 June 1924 .
Ringwood West Line The " Ringwood West Line " was a World War II defensive line in England , running south from the GHQ Line near Frome to the coast . The line followed natural and manmade barriers such as rivers and canals , and was strengthened by pillboxes , gun emplacements and anti tank obstacles . In the event of an actual invasion , it was planned mines would be laid and key crossing points such as bridges demolished .
763rd Fighter Aviation Regiment The 763rd Fighter Aviation Regiment was a regiment of the Soviet Air Defence Forces and then the Russian Air Defence Forces from 1952 to 1998 . The regiment began to form at Bolshoye Savino Airport near Perm . Personnel for staffing numbers have grown from parts of the country ' s air defense fighter aircraft . Regimentation began under Colonel IZ Galiushin . The formation continued under Colonel AE Grebennikov , who assumed command of the regiment . Regimentation was completed November 7 , 1952 , and the unit became part of Air Defense Fighter Division Ural region . This date is the day to commemorate the formation of the regiment set annual holiday . On March 17 , 1953 , the 763rd Fighter Regiment began receiving MiG - 15 military aircraft . On July 5 , 1953 the commander of the Air Defense Regiment Ural region was handed the battle - flag section . On October 1 , 1955 one air squadron of the regiment moved to a new full - time organization in connection with its forthcoming rearmament on Yak - 25 aircraft . From 1 January 1958 the regiment assigned to the first line and is called the 763rd Fighter Aviation Regiment of the first line . Its task was protecting the northern borders of the country . In 1962 , the village Komsomol ( now known as Yugorsk as of July 1992 ) was founded nearby the place of dislocation Regiment - Yugorsk 2 . In 1983 the regiment began using Mikoyan MiG - 31 long - range interceptor aircraft . In the 1980s the regiment was part of 20th Air Defence Corps , 4th Air Defence Army . The regiment was disbanded in 1998 .
Fricourt Fricourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France . Geography . Fricourt is situated on the D147 and D64 junction , some northeast of Amiens . History . It was close to the front line for much of World War I and saw particularly fierce fighting during the Battles of the Somme and the Battles of Albert . It is about a kilometre from Mametz .
Paul Laux Paul Laux ( 11 November 1887 – 2 September 1944 ) was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 16 . Armee He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . On 29 August 1944 Paul Laux crashed during a reconnaissance flight . He died of his injuries on 2 September 1944 .
5th Missouri Volunteer Infantry The 5th Missouri Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The Fifth Missouri was organized at St . Louis in March 1862 It was constructed by Major General Henry W . Halleck ' s consolidation of 5th United States Reserve Corps , Voerster ' s Company Sappers and Miners , Giester ' s Company Pioneers and Winkelman ' s Company Pontoneers . The regiment had a quiet war , performing garrison duty and patrolling within Missouri . Their first mission was guarding bridges on St . Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad and patrolling in southeast Missouri until July . Company " F " was detailed in the District of Mississippi in July . The rest of the regiment was transferred to Cape Girardeau until November , 1862 . In November the regiment was disassembled . Companies " A " and " I " were transferred to the 35th Missouri Volunteer Infantry . Companies " H " and " K " were transferred to the 27th Missouri Volunteer Infantry . Companies " B , " " C , " " D , " " E , " " F " and " G " were mustered out November 22 , 1862 ending the existence of the regiment .
BNS Isa Khan BNS " Isa Khan " is an establishment of the Bangladeshi Navy in Chittagong district of Bangladesh . Career . The " Isa Khan " ' is currently under the command of the Commodore Commanding Chittagong ( COMCHIT ) . About 1000 personnel serve at " Isa Khan " , which is one of the largest bases in the Bangladesh Navy . " Isa Khan " was established for the training of officers and sailors , as well as operating as a naval base . Several training schools are located here . It has nuclear capabilities .
Battle of Lapua The Battle of Lapua was fought between Swedish and Russia n troops on July 14 , 1808 at Lapua , Finland . The Russians had set up defences around Lapua . The Swedes tried to outflank and surround the defending Russians . The Björneborg Regiment under Georg Carl von Döbeln distinguished itself during the battle . In the end the Russians managed to retreat , but the victory was an important one for the Swedish as it allowed them to continue their offensive .
Heinrich Born Dr . jur . Heinrich Born ( 6 November 1918 – 19 January 2008 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
HMS Sappho ( 1891 ) HMS " Sappho " was an " Apollo " class cruiser of the British Royal Navy which served from 1892 to 1918 in various colonial posts . From 1900 she served as troop ship during the Second Boer War , but in June 1901 she went aground while crossing the Durban Bar and had to leave for repairs in the United Kingdom . She was escorted from Las Palmas by the " Furious " and arrived at Sheerness 21 August 1901 , proceeding to Chatham for repairs the following day . She was paid off at Chatham 18 September 1901 . During the First World War , " Sappho " and her sisters saw service off the British Isles as hastily converted minelayer s . In May 1918 , " Sappho " was ordered to be scuttled in the mouth of Ostend harbour in Belgium following the failed First Ostend Raid . The Second Ostend Raid operation ( of which " Sappho " was a part ) was intended to block the harbour mouth and prevent the transit of German U - boats and other raiding craft from Bruges to the North Sea . Whilst travelling from Dunkirk to Ostend on the day of the attack however , " Sappho " suffered severe engine damage in a minor boiler explosion and was forced to retire , taking no part in the partial success of the raid . She was not used again during the war , and was scrapped in 1921 . Notes .
91st Missile Wing LGM - 30 Minuteman Missile Launch Sites This is a list of the LGM - 30 Minuteman missile Missile Alert Facilities and Launch Facilities of the 91st Missile Wing , 20th Air Force , assigned to Minot AFB , North Dakota . Overview . In November 1962 , the 455th Strategic Missile Wing was the fourth United States Air Force LGM - 30 Minuteman ICBM wing , the third with the LGM - 30B Minuteman I . In 1962 and 1963 150 missiles were deployed to silos controlled by three squadrons of 455th in North Dakota . On 25 June 1968 the 91st Bombardment Wing was reassigned to Minot AFB from Glasgow AFB , Montana which was closed and assumed control of the three Minuteman squadrons of the 455th . The senior 91st SMW had organizational roots dating from World War II and had been deployed from Glasgow AFB to Southeast Asia , where it had been flying combat missions with the B - 52 Stratofortress during the Vietnam War . The 455th SMW was inactivated . Between April 1970 and December 1971 the Minuteman I ICBMs were replaced with the LGM - 30G Minuteman III . All of the 91st Wing ' s Minuteman III missiles were reduced from three warheads to a single warhead by START I between 1991 - 2001 . The three active squadrons are commanded by the 91st Operations Group . Facilities . The Missile Alert Facility ( MAF ) consists of a buried and hardened Launch Control Facility ( LCC ) and an above - ground Launch Control Support Building ( LCSB ) . MAFs were formerly known as Launch Control Facilities ( LCFs ) but terminology was changed in 1992 with the inactivation of Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) . In addition , a MAF has a landing pad for helicopters ; a large radio tower ; a large " top hat " HF antenna ; a vehicle garage for security vehicles ; recreational facilities , and one or two sewage lagoons . The entire site , except for the helicopter pad and sewage lagoons are secured with a fence and security personnel . About a dozen airmen and officers are assigned to a MAF . The underground LCC Launch Control Center ( LCC ) contains the command and control equipment for missile operations . It is staffed by the two launch officers who have primary control and responsibility for the 10 underground and hardened Launch Facilities ( LF ) s within its flight which contains the operational missile . Each of the five LCCs also has the ability to command and monitor all 50 LFs within the squadron . The LF is unmanned , except when maintenance and security personnel are needed . A squadron is composed of five flights ; flights are denoted by a letter of the alphabet with the facilities controlled by the flight being designated by a number , 01 through 11 , with 01 being the MAF . Units and locations . 740th Missile Squadron . Activated by Strategic Air Command on 28 June 1962 . Organized on 1 November 1962 741st Missile Squadron . Activated by Strategic Air Command on 28 June 1962 . Organized on 1 December 1962 742d Missile Squadron . Activated by Strategic Air Command on 18 July 1962 . Organized on 1 January 1963
Hatzor Airbase Hatzor Israeli Air Force Base ( ) , also titled Kanaf 4 ( " lit . " Wing 4 ) is an Israeli Air Force military air base , located in central Israel , near kibbutz Hatzor after which it is named . It was founded by Britain ' s Royal Air Force as RAF Qastina . History . RAF Qastina . RAF Qastina , after the nearby Palestinian village of the same name , was an RAF station in Palestine between 1942 and 1948 . On the night of 25 February 1946 , Irgun militants attacked the airbase and destroyed several parked RAF Handley Page Halifax transports . Two additional RAF airfields , RAF Lydda ( Ben Gurion International Airport ) and RAF Kfar Sirkin , were attacked in what became known as the " Night of the Airplanes " . Altogether , the attacks destroyed 20 RAF aircraft and damaged several others . Following these attacks , the RAF vacated some of its Palestine - based planes to Egypt . On 15 March 1948 , as the British Mandate for Palestine drew to a close , the RAF evacuted the airfield and it was taken over by Haganah forces . RAF Units stationed at RAF Qastina : Israeli Air Force Base Hatzor . On the morning of August 16 , 1966 , an Iraqi MiG - 21 jet landed in Hatzor AFB . Munir Redfa , an Iraqi Air Force pilot , had been persuaded by the Mossad ( The Blue Bird – Operation Diamond ) to fly the flagship of the Soviet export aircraft industry to Israel . The MiG was the most advanced aircraft in Arab inventories at the time . Hatzor has a network of eight simulator pods which use satellite footage of countries including Lebanon and Syria to train pilots for deep strike missions .