naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Sagamore ( 1861 ) USS " Sagamore " was a built on behalf of the United States Navy for service during the American Civil War . She was outfitted as a gunboat and assigned to the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America . " Sagamore " was very active during the war , and served the Union both as a patrol ship and a bombardment vessel . Commissioned in 1861 at the Boston Navy Yard . The first U . S . Navy ship to be so named , USS Sagamore — a wooden - hulled , screw - driven gunboat built by the A . & G . T . Sampson and Atlantic Works Boston , Massachusetts — was launched on 1 September 1861 and commissioned on 7 December 1861 at the Boston Navy Yard . Civil War . Assigned to the East Gulf blockade . On 26 November 1861 , " Sagamore " received orders to report to Flag Officer William McKean for duty as part of the East Gulf Blockading Squadron which patrolled the waters off the coasts of Florida , Alabama , and Mississippi . " Sagamore " s first encounter with the enemy came at Apalachicola , Florida . On 3 April 1862 , armed boat crews from " Sagamore " and captured the city without resistance . On 11 September , a landing party from " Sagamore " destroyed the salt works , which could produce 200 bushel s a day , at St . Andrews Bay , Florida . " Sagamore " next captured the blockade - running English schooner " By George " off Indian River , Florida on 1 December , with a cargo of coffee and sugar . In January 1863 , " Sagamore " captured " Avenger " , " Julia " , and destroyed the sloop " Elizabeth " . Next she captured the sloop " Enterprise " on 8 March 1863 , and the sloop " New York " on 26 April . Shelling New Smyrna , Florida . On 28 July , boats from " Sagamore " and attacked New Smyrna , Florida . After shelling the town , Union forces captured two schooners ; caused the Confederate forces to destroy several other vessels , some of which were loaded with cotton and ready to sail ; and burned large quantities of cotton on shore . Following the attack at New Smyrna , " Sagamore " returned to her coastal duties . On 8 August , " Sagamore " captured the sloops " Clara Louise " , " Southern Rights " , " Shot " , and " Ann " . Suwannee River operations . On 21 April 1864 , boat expeditions from " Sagamore " took 100 bales of cotton and destroyed 300 additional bales near Clay Landing on the Suwannee River , Florida . " Sagamore " s final action in the Civil War took place on 7 June . Suspecting that Confederate forces were using cotton to erect breastworks on the banks of the Suwannee River , a boat expedition composed of men from " Sagamore " and proceeded up the river and captured over 100 bales of cotton in the vicinity of Clay Landing . Decommissioning . " Sagamore " was decommissioned on 1 December 1864 at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and was sold at New York City . on 13 June 1865 .
Giuseppe Fabre Giuseppe Fabre ( 1910 – 3 November 2007 ) was an Italian Generale di Corpo d ' Armata ( Lieutenant General ) and skier . Biography . Fabre was born in Cuneo . He served in the South - Tyrolian Alpini battalion " Saluzzo " of the 1 Alpine Division Taurinense before he was transferred to the " Scuola Militare di Alpinismo " ( SCMA ; today : Centro Addestramento Alpino ) in Aosta . In Aosta he was advanced to the rank of a Lieutenant ( Tenente ) and became platoon leader of a speed skiing section . Giuseppe Fabre , Lieutenant Francesco " Franco " Vida , Private first class ( Caporal maggiore ) Ettore Schranz and Private ( Caporale ) Angelo Bonora were the reserve military patrol team at the 1936 Winter Olympics , where the Italian competition team placed first . One year after , in 1997 , Lieutenant Fabre , Sergeant ( Sergente ) Luigi Perenni and Alpino ( Soldier E - 1 ) Anselmo Viviani won the 5th Trofeo Mezzalama competition . During World War II , in June 1940 , he was captain and commander of an Alpini company , that defended the " Col de la Seigne " on the Western front , a main pass of the Mont Blanc massif . For his merits he was decorated with the Bronze Medal of Military Valor . Meanwhile advanced to Major , he assumed the command of the Alpini battalion in Saluzzo . As commander of the Alpini brigade in Saluzzo , he was captured and spent two years in war captivity in Germany . In 1956 he became commander of the SCMA . Afterwards he became commander of the Military district of Cuneo . It was Colonel Fabre , who chose the area for Campo Felice , a wellknown ski station in the Abruzzo region built in the 1960s . For the Ministry of Defence , he supported and organized Olympic events in several functions , for example the 1956 Winter Olympics ( Cortina ) and the Summer Olympics in 1960 ( Rome ) , 1964 ( Tokio ) and 1968 ( Mexico City ) . For his work he was decorated with the Stella d ' oro al Merito Sportivo ( golden star for sportive merits ) by the Italian National Olympic Committee . He was married with two children , Silvio and Gianna . Fabre was buried in the family grave at the cemetery of Saluzzo .
Tiksi West Tiksi West is a large abandoned airfield in Sakha Republic , Russia located about 10 km west of Tiksi . It appears on old Department of Defense navigation charts , and satellite imagery as of 2000 continues to show patterns of disturbed ground . The history of the airfield is unknown but its role as a military facility was likely replaced by Tiksi Airport , which serves the area today .
USS Defiance ( ID - 3327 ) → The first USS " Defiance " ( ID - 3327 ) was a cargo ship in the United States Navy during World War I . " Defiance " was built in 1918 by Union Iron Works of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company , Alameda , California . She was acquired by the Navy 5 September 1918 ; and commissioned the same day , Lieutenant Commander F . A . Vega , USNRF , in command . " Defiance " sailed from San Francisco 14 September 1918 with a cargo of flour and naval stores , and arrived at New York 11 October to exchange her cargo for Army supplies . Ten days later she was underway for Norfolk , Virginia to join a convoy bound for Southhampton , England , and Dunkirk , France , where she delivered her cargo to the Army of Occupation . She returned to Immingham and Dublin , Ireland , to load material being returned to the States . She departed 27 January 1919 for Hampton Roads , and arrived 16 February . " Defiance " was decommissioned 1 March 1919 and delivered to the Shipping Board the same day for disposal . References . http : / / www . navsource . org / archives / 12 / 173327 . htm
Revolt of Horea , Cloșca and Crișan The Revolt of Horea , Cloșca and Crișan ( 31 October 1784 - 14 December 1784 ) began in Zarand County , Transylvania , but it soon spread throughout all Transylvania and the Apuseni Mountains . The main demands were focused on the abolition of the feudal serf dom status of the Romanians and the achievement of political equality of the Romanian majority population of Transylvania with the privileged minority groups - Hungarians , Germans , and Szeklers . The leaders were Horea ( Vasile Ursu Nicola , 1731 - 1785 ) , Cloșca ( Ion Oargă , 1747 - 1785 ) and Crișan ( Marcu Giurgiu , 1733 - 1785 ) . They fought at Câmpeni , Abrud and Roșia and defeated the Austrian Imperial Army at Brad and Hălmagiu on 27 November 1784 . The uprising was ended by Horea in 14 December 1784 , at Cîmpeni . Afterwards , in January 1785 , the leaders were captured by treason . Horea and Cloșca were executed by breaking on the wheel on 28 February 1785 at Dealul Furcilor ( Forks Hill ) , Alba - Iulia . Crișan hanged himself on the night before the execution .
USS Rhebal ( SP - 1195 ) USS " Rhebal " ( SP - 1195 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Rhebal " was built as a private motorboat of the same name by the Great Lakes Boat Building Corporation at Milwaukee , Wisconsin , in 1917 . On 15 August 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her under a free lease from her owners , A . R . Meyer and W . K . Hill of Boston , Massachusetts , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Rhebal " ( SP - 1195 ) on 24 August 1917 . Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England , " Rhebal " carried out patrol duties for the rest of World War I . During the summer of 1918 , she served on outward patrol , working with the patrol boats USS " Patrol No . 6 " ( SP - 54 ) , USS " Owaissa " ( SP - 659 ) , and USS " Felicia " ( SP - 642 ) , the submarine chaser , and a patrol boat with the section patrol number SP - 50 of which no records have been found . " Rhebal " she was returned to Meyer and Hill on 13 January 1919 or in March 1919 .
Shikhikhutug Shikhikhutag ( ; ) was a high - ranking minister of the Mongol Empire in its early years , and a stepbrother of Genghis Khan , founder of the empire . Life . According to " Secret History of the Mongols " , Shikhikhutag was a son of a Tartar nobleman . As a child , he was lost during a skirmish between the Mongols and the Tartars in the early 1190s and was discovered by Genghis Khan ' s men later . He was brought to the khan ' s mother , Hoelun , and was adopted by her as a son . Shikhikhutag was well - versed in legal affairs and contributed greatly to the Mongolian legal code of Yassa during the early years of the Mongol Empire . He was appointed by Genghis Khan as a judge in 1206 and helped to keep a record of legislations and criminal affairs as part of his duties . He also maintained a close friendship with Yelü Chucai , of the Mongol Empire . In 1221 , Shikhikhutag led the Mongolian army at the Battle of Parwan against the Khwarezmians , led by sultan Jalal ad - Din Mingburnu . He lost and the battle marked one of the few defeats of the Mongols by the Khwarezmians during that time . Shikhikhutag was appointed by Ogedei Khan as a chief judge in northern China in 1240 . He died in 1250 .
Alberbury Castle Alberbury Castle is in the village of Alberbury , some nine miles north - west of Shrewsbury , Shropshire and very close to the border with Wales . It is a Grade II listed building . Its origins are uncertain but it was probably built in the 13th century by Fulk FitzWarin . Only the ruined tower remains .
13th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 13th Reserve Division ( " 13 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 . The division was disbanded in 1919 , during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was a reserve division of the VII Reserve Corps and was recruited primarily in the Province of Westphalia . Combat chronicle . The 13th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front , participating in the opening German offensive which led to the Allied Great Retreat , including the capture of Maubeuge . Thereafter , the division remained in the line in the Aisne region until December 1915 , when it went to the Verdun region . It entered the Battle of Verdun in February , and remained there until September . After the battle , the division remained in the line at Verdun . It went to the Champagne region at the end of 1916 , and remained there into 1917 , fighting in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also called the Third Battle of Champagne , in April – May 1917 . After a few months near Reims , the division returned to the Verdun region in September , remaining there until April 1918 except for a month in Army reserve . The division then went to Belgium , and was in Flanders until the war ' s end . Allied intelligence rated the division as mediocre in 1917 , but first class in 1918 . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 13th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on July 12 , 1918 . The 13th Reserve Division was triangularized in March 1915 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion . The order of battle on July 12 , 1918 was as follows :
Vargas Swamp Battle Vargas Swamp Battle ( ) was an armed conflict that occurred near Paipa , on July 25 , 1819 . The joint Venezuelan and New Granadan army commanded by Simón Bolívar was trying to prevent the Spanish forces from arriving at Santafe de Bogotá , which was lightly defended , before they did . Bolívar ' s army successfully bested the royalist army in spite of the exhaustion of the troops after climbing the Páramo de Pisba , and crossing the swamp . This battle and the next victory over the Spanish by the Boyacá Bridge secured the independence of Colombia . During the action the left flank of the Patriot army was outflanked and withdrew in disorder . The British Legions played a decisive role in recovering the situation when their commander James Rooke led the 2nd Rifles in a bayonet charge against the Spanish defenses on the hills , gaining the position at great cost . A cavalry attack by the Venezuelan Lancers then decided the outcome of the battle , turning defeat into victory . The battle is commemorated in the Vargas Swamp Lancers memorial .
Julius Lippert Julius Lippert ( 9 July 1895 – 30 June 1956 ) was a German politician in the Nazi party . Born in Basel , Switzerland , he became an extreme anti - Semite in his youth after reading the anti - Semitic philosophers Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain . He joined the German military and fought in World War I , twice being wounded , and ended the war as a 2nd Lieutenant . In 1922 , Lippert participated in the assassination of Foreign Minister Walther von Rathenau , and he eventually joined the NSDAP ( the Nazi party ) . He became prominent in the NSDAP due to his rabid anti - Semitism and connection with Joseph Goebbels . In 1933 , he was appointed the State Commissioner of Berlin , purged the Berlin government of opposition , and was responsible for much of the early persecution of Jews in Berlin . He was also the head of propaganda in southeastern Germany . In 1936 , Lippert supervised the Olympics and tried to make a good impression on the tourists . However , his power struggles with more powerful politicians would lead to his downfall . By 1937 , Goebbels came to detest Lippert for his behaviour . Finally , in 1940 , Lippert argued with Albert Speer over the organization of Berlin , leading to his dismissal on the orders of Adolf Hitler , who had become increasingly hostile to him , writing in a journal entry , “ Lippert is an incompetent , an idiot , a failure , a zero . ” His departure from the prominent position led to rumors that Lippert had been executed . He instead joined the Wehrmacht and was transferred to Belgium where he became the commandant of Arlon in 1940 . Lippert ’ s primary role in the war , however , was organizing radio propaganda in Belgrade . After the war , he was extradited to Belgium in January 1946 for trial . He was sentenced to six years ’ hard labor on 29 June 1951 , for involvement in war crimes . Although the sentence was increased to eight years in early 1952 , he was released on 15 April 1952 , since by this time most of his time had been served in Belgian captivity . He was subsequently classified as a Nazi activist by a de - Nazification court . He lectured at universities until his death on 30 June 1956 , in Bad Schwalbach .
CSS Alabama ' s Indian Ocean Expeditionary Raid The CSS " Alabama ' s " Indian Ocean Expeditionary Raid commenced shortly after the CSS Alabama left the Cape of Good Hope and cruised across the Indian Ocean ultimately exiting via the Sunda Strait into the Java Sea from where she proceeded through the Karimata Strait past the west coast of Borneo before turning west towards Singapore . The raid lasted from about the end of September , 1863 to the end of November , 1863 . The primary area of operation during this expeditionary raid , was the central Indian Ocean , across the Tropic of Capricorn , steaming east toward the Dutch East Indies Indonesia . Raid overview . The CSS " Alabama " worked its way east from the Cape of Good Hope through rough weather , passing the islands of St . Peter and St . Paul in the Indian Ocean , which are about half way to the Strait of Sunda . The " Alabama " crossed the Tropic of Capricorn and conferred with the captain of an English bark , learning that the USS " Wyoming " , a Yankee steamer , was patrolling in the Strait of Sunda with a tender , and anchorered nightly at Krakatoa Island . Many of the ships intercepted during this period were English or Dutch ships . However on November 6 , the " Alabama ' s " luck changed as Semmes learned from an English ship out of Foochow that the " Winged Racer " , escorted by the USS " Wyoming " was coming out of the strait . The " Alabama " pursued and overhauled two English ships before coming upon the " Amanda " , out of Boston , laden with sugar and hemp . Semmes and crew set the " Amanda " well alight by 10 : 00 pm . Getting underway for the Strait of Sunda , " Alabama " sailed past Keyser Island , Beezee island and Sowbooks island , and then passed through the strait , on to Thwart - the - Way island and Stroom Rock , not finding the USS " Wyoming " . However , on November 8 , amidst a rain squall , the " Alabama " sighted sail and chased down the unescorted " Winged Racer " . The crew and master were put in boats to row ashore to nearby land at North Island , and the " Racer " was burnt . CSS " Alabama " then proceeded toward the China Sea , passing Sumatra and Java , and arrived in Gasper Strait . Around daylight , new sail was sighted , and a Yankee clipper headed toward the " Alabama " only to find the Confederate flag unfurled when Captain Semmes hoisted a change of colors . The clipper added topsails , and opened chase . Unfortunately for the clipper " Contest " , a slack in the wind during the midday qualms allowed the " Alabama " to bring her within gun range . To the regret of Captain Semmes , he could not capture the new prize and outfit her for service in the Confederate Navy , and so he reluctantly burnt her . From this raiding area in the Dutch East Indies , the CSS " Alabama " returned , via Singapore , to the Strait of Malacca .
Ghulam Hussain Chaudry Lieutenant Colonel Ghulam Hussain Chaudry or Ghulam Hussain Chaudry Shaheed , HJ , born in 1926 , was a Pakistan Army officer who received the Hilal - i - Jurat for his service in the Indo - Pakistani War of 1971 . He graduated from the Pakistan Military Academy as part of the 6th PMA , barely 3 years after the formation of Pakistan as an independent state . He was awarded the second most honorable and prestigious award in Pakistan , the HJ , which is awarded to officers for " acts of valor , courage or devotion to duty performed on land , at sea or in air . " He was fatally wounded in the Pakistan / India war of 1971 . The Pakistan / India border near Kasur , Pakistan is named in his honor . G . H . Chaudry defended the Kasur border to his last breath ; he was fatally wounded while holding up the Pakistani flag , when he was ambushed by soldiers from the Indian army . The outcome of this skirmish is unknown ; however , this region still remains within Pakistani soil , and the border near where this skirmish took place is named in Chaudry ' s honor .
HMS Prefect ( Z263 ) HMS " Prefect " ( Z263 ) was a net laying ship for the Royal Navy during the Second World War acquired from the United States Navy in June 1944 via Lend - Lease . The ship was laid down as " Prefect " ( YN - 88 ) , a net tender of the , on 1 April 1943 at the American Car and Foundry Co . in Wilmington , Delaware . On 17 January 1944 , while still under construction , the ship was reclassified as a net laying ship and redesignated AN - 75 . " Prefect " was launched on 8 March and completed on 3 June . After delivery to the U . S . Navy on 3 June , she was transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend - Lease the same day and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS " Prefect " ( Z263 ) . Upon completion of wartime duty with the United Kingdom , she arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , on 22 October 1945 and was returned to the U . S . Navy on 28 December 1945 . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 28 March 1946 , she was transferred 3 April 1947 to the United States Maritime Commission and sold .
USS Scoter ( SP - 20 ) The first USS " Scoter " ( SP - 20 ) , originally mistakenly designated both SP - 20 and SP - 53 , was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 until 1918 or 1919 . " Scoter " was built in 1916 by George Lawley & Son at Neponset , Massachusetts , as a private motorboat of the same name . She was enrolled in the Naval Coast Defense Reserve . Her owner , J . L . Saltonstall of Boston , Massachusetts , delivered her to the U . S . Navy on 21 April 1917 for World War I service . She was commissioned as USS " Scoter " ( SP - 20 ) the same day . Originally , the Navy inadvertently gave her two designations , SP - 20 and SP - 53 , but the designation SP - 53 was later transferred to another patrol boat , USS " Boy Scout " ( SP - 53 ) . Assigned to duty with U . S . naval forces in Europe , " Scoter " was carried across the Atlantic Ocean on a larger ship . Records of her service after that are lacking ; she probably operated in French waters into 1918 . Unaccounted for , she was dropped from the Navy List in 1919 ; she probably was disposed of in Europe that year .
French ironclad Dévastation The Dévastation was an ironclad battleship of the French Navy . She was used as a school ship for manoeuvres . Flag officers flying their flag in " Dévastation " . Note : Rear - admirals of the Evolutionary Squadron were under the command the vice - admiral of the squadron . Footnotes .
IVL Haukka IVL Haukka were a series of Finnish biplane fighters designed by Kurt Berger at IVL in 1927 . " Haukka " is Finnish for " Hawk " . Survivors . Two Haukkas are preserved , one D . 26 at Päijät - Häme Aviation museum , and one D . 27 at Hallinportti Aviation Museum .
12th Panzer Division ( Bundeswehr ) The 12th Panzer Division ( German : " 12 . Panzerdivision " ) was a West German armoured formation . It was part of the III Corps of the Bundeswehr , which also incorporated in 1985 the 5th Panzer Division and 2nd Panzergrenadier Division . III Corps was part of NATO ' s Central Army Group ( CENTAG ) , along with the Bundeswehr ' s II Corps and the American V and VII Corps . In the wake of military restructuring brought about by the end of the Cold War , the 12th Panzer Division was disbanded in 1994 . The division was constituted as the 12th Panzergrenadier Division in Tauberbischofsheim on January 1 , 1961 as part of the II Corps of the Bundeswehr . At that time , it commanded the 35th Panzergrenadier Brigade , and in 1963 the 36th Panzer Brigade was also subordinated to the division . Subsequently , the 12th was re - designated a panzer ( armoured ) division . In 1970 , the division was relieved from assignment to the II Corps and assigned to the III Corps . A third active brigade was not authorized for the division until 1975 during the " Heeresstruktur III " reforms . By 1977 , the division ' s main components were the 14th Panzer , the 35th Panzergrenadier , and the 36th Panzer Brigades . In 1981 , the 14th Panzer Brigade became the 34th Panzer Brigade . Following the end of the Cold War , the 12th Panzer Division was disbanded in 1994 .
Timeline of the Samnite Wars The military campaigns of the Samnite Wars were an important stage in Roman expansion in the Italian Peninsula . Background . The Samnites were a group of hill - tribes occupying the central Apennines . In the mid - 4th century they began to expand into the territories of their neighbors , especially in Campania and the Liris valley . At first , they had enemies in common with Rome in the Celts and Volsci , and this commonality of purpose led to the formation of a peace treaty with Rome in 354 . Once these threats were removed , Samnium expansion brought them into conflict with Rome ' s growing influence in central Italy . Second Samnite War ( 326 - 304 BC ) . The Second Samnite War broke out in 326 BC over See also . List of Roman battles