naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS O - 7 ( SS - 68 ) USS " O - 7 " ( SS - 68 ) , an " O " - class submarine , of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 14 February 1917 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy , Massachusetts . She was launched on 16 December 1917 sponsored by Mrs . Constance Sears , and commissioned on 4 July 1918 with Lieutenant Commander F . C . Sherman , in command . Service history . During the final stages of World War I , " O - 7 " operated out of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on coastal patrol from Cape Cod to Key West , Florida . On 2 November she departed Newport , Rhode Island , with a 20 - sub contingent bound for European waters , however , the Armistice with Germany was signed before the ships reached the Azores , and they returned to the United States . In 1919 , " O - 7 " reported to the newly established Submarine School at New London , Connecticut , to train there for the next decade . In 1924 , she went to Coco Solo for maneuvers and was reclassified a second line submarine on 25 July 1924 . Returning to New London , she reverted to first line on 6 June 1928 . In January 1930 , she joined her sister ships in a run to Portsmouth , New Hampshire , thence back to New London in February . After returning from Washington , DC . in July , she continued operations at New London . She sailed to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 23 February 1931 and decommissioned there on 1 July 1931 . After a decade in mothballs , " O - 7 " was recalled to active duty and recommissioned at Philadelphia 12 February 1941 . She reported to New London in May and trained sub crews there until the end of World War II . " O - 7 " was decommissioned on 2 July 1945 ; was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 July 1945 ; and sold to North American Smelting Company of Philadelphia on 22 January 1946 .
Italian cruiser Gorizia Gorizia was an Italian Zara class heavy cruiser , which served in the Regia Marina during World War II . The ship was named after the city of Gorizia . She was the only surviving cruiser of her class after the Battle of Cape Matapan in 1941 . " Gorizia " participated in World War II as a member of 1st Division , 1st Squadron . She took part in the Battle of Punta Stilo , the Battle of Taranto , where she shot down a British Swordfish torpedo bomber , the Battle of Cape Teulada , where her Ro . 43 floatplane spotted the British battle group , and the First and Second Battle of Sirte , where her guns hit two destroyers , HMS " Kipling " and , inflicting minor damage on them . Some sources claim that she also hit and severely damaged the destroyer HMS " Kingston " , instead of the battleship " Littorio " as widely reported . Among her other missions , there were escorts to Italian and German convoys , for a total of 20 operations accomplished . On 10 April 1943 , " Gorizia " was damaged by an allied air strike at La Maddalena naval base , and moved to La Spezia for repairs . She was still there on 8 September , when the armistice between Italy and the Allies was signed . " Gorizia " was crippled on 26 June 1944 at her moorings in La Spezia by manned torpedo es , after the Italians joined the Allies , in order to prevent her use by the Germans . Her hull was scrapped after 1946 .
RAF Swinderby Royal Air Force Swinderby or more simply RAF Swinderby was a Royal Air Force station airfield opened in 1940 , one of the last of the stations completed under the RAF ' s expansion plans started in the 1930s . It was built near the village of Swinderby , Lincolnshire just off the south east side of the A46 ( the Fosse Way ) between Newark - on - Trent , Nottinghamshire and Lincoln , Lincolnshire , England . History . Under the command of No . 1 Group RAF , Swinderby came under the auspices of RAF Bomber Command and housed several RAF Bomber Squadrons , among others No . 300 Polish Bomber Squadron and No . 301 Polish Bomber Squadron , initially flying the Fairey Battle , then Vickers Wellington . Other squadrons operated aircraft , such as the Handley Page Hampden . In the 1950s it was the home of No . 8 FTS , converting trainee pilots to de Havilland Vampire s . In 1956 it hosted a brief experiment to keep all the flying training to wings stage straight through on one base . This was abandoned after a month due to the obvious danger of collisions in the circuit between the Vampires and the much slower piston engined Percival Provost basic trainers . In 1964 , Swinderby changed its role to that of recruit training , when No . 7 School of Recruit Training , formerly at RAF Bridgnorth , opened at RAF Swinderby . It became responsible for the basic training of all male enlisted RAF personnel prior to their trade training . No . 7 School of Recruit Training became the RAF School of Recruit Training in 1976 when all female personnel initial training was carried out at RAF Swinderby as well as male . Recruit training moved to RAF Halton on closure of RAF Swinderby on 1 April 1993 . In 1989 the very first integrated flight passed out of RAF Swinderby . This consisted of A Flight and B Flight . Current use . In 1995 the station was put up for sale to commercial development and the airfield played host to semi - regular events including antique fairs . In 2013 the hangars and the air traffic control tower remain in evidence along with acres of concrete runways and taxiways but most of the other buildings on the technical site have been demolished . The domestic site has been developed as the new village of Witham St Hugh with only the former Officer ' s Married Quarters and Airmen ' s Married Quarters remaining . The new village hall has an information board giving the history of RAF Swinderby .
Duchy of Salzburg The Duchy of Salzburg ( ) was a Cisleithania n Kronland of the Austrian Empire and Austria - Hungary from 1849 – 1918 . Its capital was Salzburg , while other towns in the duchy included Zell am See and Gastein . The Archbishopric of Salzburg was secularized in 1803 as the Electorate of Salzburg , but the short - lived principality was annexed by the Austrian Empire in 1805 . After the Napoleonic Wars , the Salzburg territory was administered from Linz as the department of Salzach within the Archduchy of Upper Austria . After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas , the Salzburg territory was separated from Upper Austria and became a new Kronland , the Duchy of Salzburg , in 1849 . It became part of Austria - Hungary in 1867 . With the fall of the kaiserlich und königlich House of Habsburg in 1918 , the duchy was succeeded by the state of Salzburg , part of first German Austria and then the First Austrian Republic .
Xavier Coppolani Xavier Coppolani was a French military and colonial leader , who was instrumental in the colonial occupation and creation of modern - day Mauritania . Born to Corsican parents in French - ruled Algeria , he was transferred to Senegal to lead the expansion of colonial rule north of the Senegal river , where Moorish tribe s held firm against French rule . Their tribal rivalries provided Coppolani with an opportunity , and in 1901 , he drew up a plan for moving into the territory with a combination of military and political strategies . Alliances were drawn up with two of the main marabout s of the territory , Shaykh Sidya Baba and Shaykh Saad Bouh , local leaders of Qadiriyya Sufi brotherhoods . They were promised a dominant role in the colonial administration and protection for their Zawiya tribes against the attacks of Hassane warriors . In return they would use their religious influence to persuade the local emir s to accept French rule . With military pressure applied , the strategy worked , and the emirates of Tagant , Trarza and Brakna all accepted French rule in 1903 - 04 . The last emirate , in the northern zone of Adrar , proved combative . It was also backed by a third influential Qadiriyya marabout , shaykh Ma al - ' Aynayn , himself in turn supported by the Sultan of Morocco . Coppolani was preparing to march on Adrar when he was assassinated in 1905 , by a member of the shaykh ' s Gudfiyya brotherhood . The emirate was eventually defeated and forcibly incorporated into Mauritania in 1912 , by General Gouraud , but tribal revolts and raids persisted until 1934 .
Prem Sahgal Colonel Prem Kumar Sahgal ( 25 March 1917 – 17 October 1992 ) was an officer of the British Indian Army and later the Indian National Army of Subhas Chandra Bose which fought against the British imperial rule in undivided India . Life . Sahgal was educated at the Central Model High School and Government College , Lahore . He sat and passed the entrance exam for the Indian Military Academy Dehra Dun and in August 1936 went up to Dehra Dun . He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on the Special List 1 February 1939 and attached to the 2nd battalion the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders stationed at Secunderabad as of 24 February 1939 for a year and when that battalion was posted to Singapore before his year was up , in August 1939 , he was transferred to the 1st battalion West Yorkshire regiment to finish his time out . At the end of his year , after a month ' s leave with his family in Lahore , he was posted to the 5th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment stationed at Peshawar on the North West Frontier . He was promoted Lieutenant 30 April 1940 . He volunteered to be transferred to the 2 / 10th Baluch Regiment as they were short of officers . In October 1940 he reported to the 2nd battalion at Bareilly . On the 28 October 1940 it sailed for Singapore and on 11 November 1940 landed there . By December 1941 he had been promoted Acting Captain in the 2 / 10th Baluch Regiment of the British Indian Army and fought against Japan ese forces in Malaya serving with distinction before being made a Prisoner of War in February 1942 . He then joined the Indian National Army of Subhas Chandra Bose to fight against the British , and as the commander of the 2nd Division led the 2nd Infantry regiment at Popa against Messervy ' s 17th Indian Division during the latter half of the Burma Campaign before surrendering . Sahgal was later tried at the Red Fort along with three other fellow - officers for treason , a trial that became famous all over India in 1946 . Colonel Prem Kumar Sahgal married Lakshmi Sahgal in March 1947 in Lahore . Their daughter Subhashini Ali is a leader of the All India Democratic Women ' s Association , politically affiliated to the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) . According to his daughter Subhashini Ali , Sahgal was an atheist .
Colt M1861 Navy The Colt Model 1861 Navy cap & ball . 36 - caliber revolver was a six - shot , single - action percussion weapon produced by Colt ' s Manufacturing Company from 1861 until 1873 . It incorporated the " creeping " or ratchet loading lever and round barrel of the . 44 - caliber Army Model of 1860 but had a barrel one half inch shorter , at 7 . 5 inches . Total production was 38 , 000 revolvers . Like its forerunner , the Colt 1851 Navy Revolver , it saw widespread use in the American Civil War and on the American Western frontier , though far fewer were produced . It has the same general specification as the earlier model , but with a rounded barrel and somewhat different rammer . While similar in design to the Colt Army Model 1860 , the lighter recoil of the 1861 Navy ' s . 36 caliber was preferred by some cavalry soldiers . There were few variations of the Model 1861 Navy Colt . Approximately 100 of the first guns made had fluted cylinders with no cylinder scene . Another 100 , made between the serial ranges of 11 , 000 and 14 , 000 were cut for a shoulder stock — the lower portion of the recoil shield was milled away and a fourth screw for the stock was added to the frame . With the exception of the first fifty or so of this model , all guns had a capping groove . A brass trigger guard and back strap , silver plated , were standard . During the Civil War its main competitor in England was the Adams self - cocking revolver . The Adams fired a . 49 caliber bullet and did not require the shooter to pull the hammer back . Colt ' s revolver was more popular because Colt mass - produced his weapons while Adams ' products were handmade by skilled artisans . In the United States , Colt ' s main rival was the Remington Model 1858 revolver . The Colt 1861 Navy typically was used with paper cartridges , that is , with a cartridge consisting of nitrated paper , a pre - measured black powder charge , and a bullet that was either a lead round ball or a lead conical bullet . The nitrated paper of the cartridge was completely consumed upon use , and the use of paper cartridges enabled faster re - loading . Alternatively , it was always possible to load with measured powder charges and lead round balls .
Sopwith Admiralty Type C The Sopwith Admiralty Type C was an early British seaplane designed and built by Sopwith Aviation to drop torpedo s . A single engined tractor biplane seaplane , three were delivered to the Royal Navy in November 1914 but proved unable to lift a torpedo . Design and development . The Admiralty had ordered a special torpedo carrying biplane ( the Sopwith Special torpedo seaplane Type C , serial number " 170 " ) in February 1914 and followed it with an order in July 1914 for three similar Type C seaplanes ( serial numbers 157 , 158 and 159 ) . The specification called for folding wings , bomb gear , a gun and radio . Work started at the Sopwith factory at Kingston - upon - Thames on 5 April 1914 and the three Type Cs , powered by a 200 hp Salmson ( Canton - Uneé ) piston engine , were completed by October . They went to RNAS Calshot for evaluation in November 1914 . The Special , tested that July , had failed to lift a torpedo and the new Type Cs were little better , failing to take off under load : 157 could not get airborne with a 14 " Whitehead torpedo and the other two had similar poor performance . 158 was accepted by the service on 4 February 1915 but it sank following a forced landing a few days later on the 8 February . The two survivors , 157 and 159 , were withdrawn from service at the end of 1915 .
USS South America ( 1861 ) USS " South America " ( 1861 ) was a whaler purchased by the Union Navy on 9 November 1861 at New London , Connecticut . She was acquired to be sunk as an obstruction in the channel leading to a Confederate port as part of the Union blockade on ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America . However , instead of duty in what was known as the " stone fleet " , the 606 - ton bark was beached with and on 8 December 1861 to serve as a wharf during the landing of troops at Tybee Island , Georgia , at the mouth of the Savannah River .
Penwortham Castle Penwortham Castle was built on the south bank of the River Ribble , at Penwortham to the west of Preston , Lancashire , England , at . The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument . It was built shortly after the Norman conquest as a motte castle by Roger of Poitou . It served to guard the estuary of the river and a ford crossing it . When Roger built Lancaster Castle , Penwortham declined in importance . Now only the mound remains .
813 Naval Air Squadron 813 Naval Air Squadron was an aircraft squadron of the Royal Navy ' s Fleet Air Arm during World War II and again post - war . It initially operated Swordfish Mk I s from the aircraft carrier " Illustrious " and took part in the successful raid on Taranto in November 1940 . In July 1943 , the squadron was a component of RAF Gibraltar but a detachment of its Swordfish ( torpedo spotter reconnaissance ) was based at Tafaraoui , Algeria and assigned to the Northwest African Coastal Air Force ( NACAF ) for Operation Husky . From April 1944 the squadron , including a detachment of Wildcat s , were deployed on the escort carrier HMS Campania operating in the Arctic Ocean on convoy duty . On 13 December 1944 two of 813 ' s Swordfish were responsible for the sinking of German submarine U - 365 by depth charge s . Postwar , the squadron was tasked as a torpedo fighter unit , initially equipped with Blackburn Firebrand aircraft . Between February 1953 and April 1958 the squadron was equipped with turboprop powered Westland Wyvern strike aircraft . 813 Squadron disbanded for the last time on 22 April 1958 .
Band of Sisters : American Women at War in Iraq Band of Sisters : American Women at War in Iraq is a 2007 book by Kirsten Holmstedt about the Iraq War and women in the military with a foreword by Tammy Duckworth . " Band of Sisters " presents twelve amazing and often heart - wrenching stories of American women on the frontlines including America ' s first female pilot to be shot down and survive , the U . S . military ' s first black female combat pilot , a 21 - year - old turret gunner defending a convoy , two military policewomen in a firefight , a nurse struggling to save lives , including her own , and more .
Wound stripe A wound stripe is a distinction of dress bestowed on soldiers wounded in combat . It was typically worn on military uniform jackets . France . In the French Army , the wound bar or Insigne des blessés militaires , was awarded beginning in 1916 . British Commonwealth . The British Army began awarding a brass " Wound Stripe " in 1916 , with approval by King George V . The badge was worn on the left forearm , fastened through the uniform cloth . Additional badges were granted for subsequent wounds . The badge was reintroduced in 1944 for the Second World War , and a cloth version was introduced for use with Battle Dress . British soldiers have not been awarded wound stripes for injuries sustained in Afghanistan or Iraq . Soldiers of the Australian Imperial Force , Canadian Expeditionary Force , New Zealand Expeditionary Force , and other Empire troops followed suit in the First World War , and issued wound stripes according to British practice . During the Second World War , they also followed British practice . The wound stripe was not reintroduced for the Korean War , but a version for the Canadian Forces uniform was developed and worn by soldiers injured on operational deployments beginning in the 1990s , including Afghanistan . The Sacrifice Medal replaced the wound stripe for all members of the Canadian Forces in 2008 . The award has also been opened to soldiers of an allied force or civilians working for Canadian Forces personnel . Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Soviet soldiers in the Great Patriotic War wore a yellow cloth stripe over the right breast to indicate wounds received in battle requiring medical attention ; a red stripe indicated less serious wounds . United States . In World War I United States soldiers received stripes called Wound Chevron s . These looked exactly the same as Overseas Service Chevrons , but were always gold and worn on the " right " arm . ( At that time the brown Overseas Chevron was worn on the left sleeve . Today its redesigned successor , the Overseas Service Bar , is worn on the right sleeve . Service Stripe s are now worn on the left sleeve . ) In 1932 the Wound Chevron was replaced by the Purple Heart , and World War I veterans could apply for the new medal .
Ombrene Airfield Ombrene Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy , which was located approximately 5 km southeast of Montefiascone , in the province of Viterbo , central Italy It was an all - weather temporary field built by the United States Army Air Force XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface , with a prefabricated hessian ( burlap ) surfacing known as PHS . PHS was made of an asphalt - impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track ( SMT ) grid of wire joined in 3 - inch squares . Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas , as well as for dispersal sites , when it was available . In addition , tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Once completed it was turned over for use by the Twelfth Air Force 57th Fighter Group during 9 – 24 September 1944 , flying combat operations with P - 40 Warhawk s . When the 57th moved out the airfield was closed and dismantled . Today , there are no traces of the airfield remaining on the landscape visible from aerial photography .
Kremenchuk Regiment The Kremenchuk Regiment ( ) was one of ten territorial - administrative subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate . The regiment ' s capital was the city of Kremenchuk , now in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine . The Kremenchuk Regiment was founded in 1661 . The regiment was created by Yakym Somko in order to keep control over Poltavshchyna . Later the regiment was loyal to Petro Doroshenko and after him to Ivan Briukhovetsky . The Kremenchuk regiment comprised already existing sotnia s of Chyhyryn , Poltava , Myrhorod , Lubny regiments . After its abolishment in 1663 , all of the sotnias went back to their original regiments .
Henry W . Hahn Henry W . Hahn is a Corporal of the US Marine Corps who was awarded the Navy Cross for his extraordinary heroism during World War II in the Pacific War theatre . Hahn was born in Detroit , Michigan . Service details . At the time of the service for which he was decorated , Corporal Hahn was serving with Company K , 3rd Battalion , 1st Marines Regiment , 1st Marine Division . On the 15th and 16 September 1944 , the battalion were in action against Japan ese forces on Peleliu in the Palau Islands . Hahn was engaged as a Squad Leader of an assault platoon in Company K . He saw that the enemy were installing a machine gun in a position that posed a serious threat to his squad , and so crawled to the Japanese gun location . Hahn then threw hand grenade s into the hostile position and captured the gun after three of the four soldiers who were installing it were killed and the other fled . After capturing the gun , Hahn led his men in a furious running assault against Japanese defenses at the north end of the beach , winning new positions for the Marines . Heavy casualties were inflicted on the opposing soldiers . During the night of the September 15 , and the following early morning , the Japanese troops launched strong counterattacks . Hahn was expert in his direction of his unit ' s fire and was instrumental in the success of the defence of the new positions . Later on in the day of the 16th , Hahn received a shrapnel wound but continued to lead his squad in a reconnaissance patrol . During this they encountered enemy forces and were hugely outnumbered , but Hahn led his men in driving back the opposing troops with rifle s and hand grenades . He allowed his own evacuation only after the mission was accomplished and he had led the squad back behind US lines . Awards and distinctions . Hahn was awarded the Navy Cross for his above actions , the citation noting his " outstanding courage , determined leadership and indomitable fighting spirit in the face of tremendous odds " . The award was approved by the Secretary of the Navy on July 10 , 1951 .