naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SPAD S . XIV The SPAD XIV was a French biplane seaplane fighter aircraft built by Société Pour L ' Aviation et ses Dérivés ( SPAD ) and flown by the French Navy during World War I . Development and design . The SPAD XIV was a development of the SPAD XII . It was single - seat biplane powered by a 149 kW ( 200 hp ) Hispano - Suiza 8 Bc engine . 40 were constructed and flew in the French Navy during 1918 .
1st Colorado Infantry The 1st Colorado Infantry ( officially the 1st Regiment of Colorado Volunteers ) was a volunteer infantry regiment of the United States Army formed in the Colorado Territory in 1861 and active in the American West in the late 19th century . History . The regiment was formed shortly after the outbreak of the American Civil War by order of William Gilpin , the first governor of the territory . Recruiters began enlisting men in August 1861 , just six months after the organization of the territory . Known as " Gilpin ' s Pet Lambs " for the involvement of the governor in its formation , the regiment served in the Western Theater , at first serving in various detachments throughout the territory . The regiment ' s most notable service came in the New Mexico Campaign in the spring of 1862 , in which they helped repulse the advance of the Army of New Mexico under Henry Hopkins Sibley at the battles of Glorieta Pass and Peralta . In November 1862 , the unit was reorganized along with Companies C and D of the 2nd Colorado Infantry into the 1st Colorado Cavalry . ( This was done since the US War Department believed cavalry would be better in protecting the Western trails and for fighting the various Indian tribes . ) The first colonel of the regiment was John P . Slough , replaced in April 1862 by Major John Chivington , later chastised for his role as commander of the 3rd Colorado Cavalry in the November 1864 Sand Creek Massacre . There is an active group of living historians who portray the First Colorado ( Company D ) in Denver .
Forty - Fourth Army ( Japan ) The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final stages of World War II . History . The Japanese 44th Army was initially raised in July 1941 as the , an auxiliary force of the Kwantung Army based in the Manchukuo capital of Hsinking for public security and training . As the war situation on the Pacific front grew increasingly desperate for Japan , the Imperial Japanese Army transferred more and more experienced divisions and their equipment out of Manchukuo to other fronts . By early 1945 , the vaunted Kwantung Army was largely hollowed out , and indications of a buildup of Soviet Red Army forces on the borders on Mengjiang and Manchukuo were alarming . The Kwantung Defense Army was renamed the Japanese 44th Army on May 30 , 1945 and assigned to the Japanese Third Area Army , based in southern Manchukuo . It saw combat against the Soviet Army in Soviet invasion of Manchuria , with combat operations continuing into September , even after the official surrender of Japan . It was officially disbanded at Mukden , with many of its surviving troops becoming Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union .
Raphael Louis Zengel Raphael Louis Zengel ( 11 November 1894 – 27 February 1977 ) was an American - born Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Zengel was born at Faribault , Minnesota . As a young boy , he and his mother Mary proved up a homestead near the village of Plunkett , Saskatchewan . He enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in July 1915 . Victoria Cross . Zengel received the Military Medal in March 1918 for taking command of his platoon when his officer and sergeant had been put out of action . He was twenty three years old , and serving as a Sergeant of the 5th ( Western Cavalry ) Battalion , Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War when he performed the deed for which he was awarded the VC . On 9 August 1918 east of Warvillers , France , Sergeant Zengel was leading his platoon forward to the attack when he realised that an enemy machine - gun was firing into the advancing line . He rushed forward ahead of the platoon , his comrades , to the gun emplacement , killed the officer and operator of the gun and dispersed the crew . Later in the day he was rendered temporarily unconscious by an enemy shell but on recovering continued to direct harassing fire on the enemy . His utter disregard for personal safety and the confidence he inspired in all ranks greatly assisted in the successful outcome of the attack . Retirement . Sergeant Zengel spent most of the rest of his life at Rocky Mountain House , Alberta , where the local branch of the Royal Canadian Legion has been named in his honour . He donated his Victoria Cross to the Rocky Mountain House Legion . His headstone can be found at Pine Cemetery , Rocky Mountain House , Canada . Legacy . In 1951 , one of the mountains of the Victoria Cross Range , in Jasper National Park was named in his honour . Mount Zengel is visible from highway 16 , east of the Jasper townsite . In 1936 the government of Canada chose to name a lake in northeastern Saskatchewan in Zengel ' s honour . Inexplicably , the feature became Zengle Lake and so it remains today ( 2007 ) .
Renate von Natzmer Renate von Natzmer ( 1898 - February 18 , 1935 ) was a German noblewoman who worked for the army during the Weimar Republic and Third Reich . She also worked for Polish intelligence . In the early 1930s , she met Polish agent major Jerzy Sosnowski and she became , like her friend Benita von Falkenhayn , his lover . They were arrested for spying and treason . Von Falkenhayn and von Natzmer were found guilty and sentenced to death . Two days later , after appeals for clemency had been turned down , they became two of the last people in Germany to be behead ed by axe , at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin . In 1938 , Adolf Hitler decreed that all future executions should be by hanging or the guillotine , although at least one other woman , the Romanian - Jewish communist Olga Bancic , did later die by the axe in Stuttgart in 1944 .
Gloster Goldfinch The Gloster Goldfinch was a single - engined single - seat high altitude biplane fighter of all metal construction from the later 1920s . It did not reach production and only one was built . Development . In January 1926 the Air Ministry funded Gloster Aircraft to produce an all - metal version of their Gamecock for a high altitude fighter role , hence requiring a supercharged engine . The result was the Goldfinch , a single bay biplane with unequal span wings of marked stagger . Unsurprisingly , this aircraft had a strong similarity to the Gamecock and in particular to the Gamecock II with its narrow chord ailerons . Because of the supercharged engine the fuselage was longer forward of the cockpit . The tail also was a little different , the tailplane having rounded trailing tips and the fin , initially at least , was very broad in chord and short in height . Only one Goldfinch was built but there were two rather different versions . The first build had all - metal wings but a fuselage of mixed metal and wood construction . Both wings and fuselage were fabric covered . The fuselage was then rebuilt entirely of metal , apart from its covering and lengthened . The rebuild also brought a revised fin and rudder , with a narrower , higher fin of simpler overall shape . Throughout , the Goldfinch was powered by a supercharged 450 hp ( 335 kW ) Bristol Jupiter VIIF driving a 9 ft ( 2 . 74 m ) two bladed fixed pitch propeller . The Goldfinch first flew in May 1927 , and in December it went to RAF Martlesham Heath for trials where it proved fast and high with a rapid climb rate , and generally good manoeverability , although spinning behaviour was substandard . Gloster ' s submitted it as a contender for Air Ministry specification F . 9 / 26 for an all metal day and night fighter , but it failed to meet the required load and fuel requirements and was eliminated quite early . The Bristol Bulldog was the eventual winner , with the Goldfinch being used for trials at Martlesham Heath until October 1928 .
416 Tactical Fighter Squadron 416 " City of Oshawa " Tactical Fighter Squadron ( 416 TFS ) was a unit of the Canadian Forces under Royal Canadian Air Force . The squadron operated the CF - 188 Hornet fighter jet from CFB Cold Lake in Alberta , Canada . In 2006 , 416 TFS stood down and was amalgamated with 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron to form 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron . The unit was originally formed during the Second World War as a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) . History . No . 416 Squadron RCAF was formed at RAF Peterhead , Aberdeenshire , Scotland in 1941 as a fighter squadron for service during the Second World War and was based at various RAF stations in Scotland , England and continental Europe . The squadron was disbanded in March 1946 . The squadron was reformed in 1952 at RCAF Uplands in Ottawa , Ontario for operations in Europe as part of Canada ' s Cold War presence . The squadron was located at Grostenquin , France . By 1957 , the squadron was relocated to Canada at RCAF St Hubert near Montreal , PQ as an air defence squadron flying Avro Canada CF - 100 all weather fighters . In 1962 , the CF - 100s were replaced with CF - 101 Voodoo interceptors , which continued to fly with 416 Squadron until the end of 1984 . 416 Squadron thus became the world ' s last front - line unit flying Voodoos . In 1988 the squadron relocated to CFB Cold Lake as a Tactical Fighter Squadron flying CF - 188 s , and later merged with 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron to reform 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron in 2006 . The squadron ' s nickname was City of Oshawa , Lynx .
Robert A . Belet Robert A . Belet ( 1914 – 1942 ) was a United States Marine Corps master technical sergeant who received a Silver Star for his actions in the Guadalcanal campaign during World War II . Biography . Robert Alfred Belet was born on 6 August 1914 at Blairstown , New Jersey . He first enlisted in the U . S . Marine Corps in January 1937 at New York City and then reenlisted on 22 January 1941 . Belet served at Parris Island , South Carolina ; Quantico , Virginia ; Washington , D . C . ; and New River , North Carolina , before moving to the Pacific combat zone on 19 June 1942 . As a member of the 1st Signal Company , 1st Marine Division , in the Solomon Islands , Master Technical Sergeant Belet was at Guadalcanal on the night of 9 and 10 August 1942 , during operations against Japan ese forces . Without regard for his own safety , Belet supervised the repair of a communications wire in the face of persistent Japanese fire . His courageous leadership contributed to the restoration of the vital communication circuit . Master Technical Sergeant Belet was later killed in action at Guadalcanal on 12 September 1942 . Awards . For this action in supervising the repair of the communications wire on 9 – 10 August 1942 , Belet was awarded the Silver Star . Namesakes . The United States Navy destroyer escort USS " Belet " ( DE - 599 ) was named for Master Technical Sergeant Belet . She was converted during construction into the high - speed transport USS " Belet " ( APD - 109 ) , and was in commission as such from 1945 to 1946 . Master Technical Sergeant Belet is the uncle of world - renknowned musician and professor , Dr . Brian Belet . He is also the great - uncle of Dr . Belet ' s son , Jacques Bickett - Belet , who is also an accomplished muscian in the San Jose area with his popular reggae band , Aivar . Two of Master Technical Sergeant Belet ' s great - nephews have also served in the United States Marine Corps : Sgt Andrew Belet and his brother , 2nd Lt Daniel Belet . Sgt Andrew Belet is also a well - known military writer , publishing two war memoirs : " Mountain Man " and " Another Shade of Green . "
183rd Field Artillery Battalion ( United States ) The 183rd Field Artillery Battalion ( Colorado ) was a Field Artillery Battalion of the Army National Guard . History . Unfortunately there were two units issued this number this is the Colorado unit . The Idaho Unit predates the Colorado unit . Lineage . Constituted 10 May 1946 as Company C , 199th Engineer Combat Battalion and allotted to the Colorado National Guard Consolidated with 157th Field Artillery Regiment ( United States ) 1 February 1959 Campaign Streamers . none Decorations . none Current units . unit broken up Per fess embattled Gules and Or in chief two wigwams of the second garnished of the first and in base a sea lion brandishing a sword in dexter paw of the last . all within a bordure counterchanged That for the regiments and separate battalions of the Colorado Army National Guard The coat of arms is that of the 157th Infantry within a border to indicate descent from that regiment .
Gajaba Regiment The Gajaba Regiment ( GR ) was formed when 1st Battalion the Rajarata Rifles and 1st Battalion the Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment were amalgamated in 1983 to counter the threat from the LTTE . It is made up of six regular battalions and five volunteer battalions . Headquartered at Saliyapura Camp , Anuradhapura . It is named after a Sri Lankan famous warrior King Gajabahu the First . History . The 1st battalion of the Regiment was formed on 14 October 1983 with the amalgamation of the Rajarata Rifles and Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment , under the command of Lt . Col . ( later Major General ) Vijaya Wimalaratne at Saliyapura Camp . The Cap badge of the Gajaba Regiment is designed with a shield , two Keteri ( battle axe s ) and a Kandian powder flask . The regiment rapidly expanded due to the Sri Lankan Civil War , during which 3 , 500 officers and men of the regiment were killed . The regiment was awarded President ' s Colours by H . E . President Mahinda Rajapakse on 11 January 2007 . In 2008 a detachment from the regiment was sent to take part in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti .
Kumano Maru Construction . " Kumano Maru " was laid down at the Hitachi Shipbuilding yard at Innoshima as a standard " Type M " wartime cargo ship . The ship was taken over by the Army during construction , redesigned as a landing craft transport , and designated a Type B landing ship . It could carry up to a dozen and thirteen landing craft in its hold . They were launched on rails through two large doors in the stern . The ship was also designed to transport anywhere from 8 to 37 aircraft , depending on their size and the number of landing craft aboard . A flight deck was mounted above the main deck with an elevator aft . This permitted the stored aircraft to be flown off the ship to onshore airfields . The deck was not large enough to allow aircraft to land . The ship ' s funnel was mounted on the starboard side and vented horizontally outward to keep the flight deck clear . Operational history . " Kumano Maru " was launched 28 January 1945 and completed on 31 March . She survived the war , and was used until 1947 to repatriate Japanese forces abroad . The ship was sold to Kawasaki Kisen K . K . Line in 1947 and converted to a conventional merchant ship . Afterward , she was scrapped in 1948 . See also . Hitachi Zosen Corporation
Eli Sims Shorter Eli Sims Shorter ( March 15 , 1823 - April 29 , 1879 ) was a U . S . Representative from Alabama . Born in Monticello , Georgia , Shorter attended the common schools and was graduated in law from Yale College in 1844 . He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Eufaula , Alabama , in 1844 . He also engaged in agricultural pursuits . Shorter was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty - fourth and Thirty - fifth Congresses ( March 4 , 1855 – March 3 , 1859 ) . He resumed the practice of law in Eufaula , Alabama . During the Civil War , he served in the Confederate States Army as colonel of the 18th Regiment Alabama Infantry . He died in Eufaula , Alabama , April 29 , 1879 . He was interred in Fairview Cemetery .
10th Division ( German Empire ) The 10th Division ( " 10 . Division " ) was a unit of the Prussia n / German Army . It was formed in Posen ( now Poznań , Poland ) in November 1816 as a brigade , became the 9th Division on September 5 , 1818 , and was renumbered the 10th Division on February 28 , 1820 . The division was subordinated in peacetime to the V Army Corps ( " V . Armeekorps " ) . The division was disbanded in 1919 , during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was recruited primarily in the Province of Posen . Combat chronicle . The division fought in the Austro - Prussian War in 1866 , including the Battle of Königgrätz . In the Franco - Prussian War of 1870 – 1871 , the division saw action in the opening battles of Weissenburg and Wörth , in the Sedan , and in the Siege of Paris . In World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It initially occupied the Woëvre region of France and later fought in the Verdun in late 1916 . In 1918 , it participated in the German Spring Offensive , seeing action in the Third Battle of the Aisne and the Second Battle of the Marne . Allied intelligence rated it a first class division . Order of battle in the Franco - Prussian War . During wartime , the 10th Division , like other regular German divisions , was redesignated an infantry division . The organization of the 10th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco - Prussian War was as follows : Pre - World War I organization . German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco - Prussian War . The organization of the 10th Division in 1914 , shortly before the outbreak of World War I , was as follows : Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 10th Division was again renamed the 10th Infantry Division and lost the 77th Infantry Brigade to the 10th Reserve Division . Its initial wartime organization was as follows : Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a " square division " ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , the engineer contingent was increased , and a divisional signals command was created . The 10th Infantry Division ' s order of battle on May 3 , 1918 was as follows :
The Globe ( Camp Lejeune ) The Globe is a weekly newspaper published for the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune - pronounced LUH JERN community . In addition to its military staff and correspondents , The Globe carries a civilian bureau , employed by Landmark Communications Inc . . " The Globe " has been the official publication of Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune since Feb . 23 , 1944 , when Maj . Gen . Henry Louis Larsen , commanding officer , saw the need for a larger newspaper to replace " The New River Pioneer . " Awards . The staff has received four Thomas Jefferson Awards for Journalistic Excellence , three USMC Division of Public Affairs Awards , a USMC Combat Correspondents Association Merit Award and was named " Best Newspaper in the Marine Corps " in 2004 and 2008 . Sgt Robert J Stanley , editor of The camp Lejeune Globe 1974 and 1975 was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award in 1975 for editor of the Camp Lejeune Globe , Best Newspaper in the Armed Forces for that year .
Västerbottens regemente Västerbottens regemente ( Västerbotten Regiment ) , designations I 19 , I XIX , I 20 and I 20 / Fo 61 , was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that traced its origins back to the 16th century . It was disbanded in 2000 . The regiment ' s soldiers were originally recruited from the province of Västerbotten , and it was later garrisoned there . History . The regiment has its origins in fänikor ( companies ) raised in Västerbotten in the 1550s and 1560s . In 1615 , these units — along with fänikor from the nearby provinces of Ångermanland , Medelpad , Hälsingland and Gästrikland — were organised by Gustav II Adolf into Norrlands storregemente , of which seven of the total 24 companies were recruited in Västerbotten . Norrlands storregemente consisted of three field regiments , of which Västerbottens regemente was one . Sometime around 1624 , the grand regiment was permanently split into three smaller regiments , of which Västerbottens regemente was one . Västerbottens regemente was one of the original 20 Swedish infantry regiments mentioned in the Swedish constitution of 1634 . The regiment was allotted in 1696 . It changed name to Västerbottens fältjägarregemente in 1829 , and was split into two corps units of battalion size in 1841 , one of them being Västerbottens fältjägarkår , the other being Norrbottens fältjägarkår . The unit was upgraded to regimental size and renamed back to Västerbottens regemente in 1892 . The regiment had its training grounds at various places in Västerbotten , but was eventually garrisoned in Umeå in 1909 . The regiment was given the designation I 19 ( 19th Infantry Regiment ) in a general order in 1816 , but that designation was given to Norrbottens fältjägarkår when the unit split , and Västerbottens fältjägarkår was instead given the designation I XIX ( XIXth Infantry Regiment , XIX which in the Roman numeral system equals 19 ) . When the unit regained its old name and size in 1892 , the designation was changed to I 20 ( 20th Infantry Regiment ) .
18th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 18th Reserve Division ( " 18 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . At the beginning of the war , it formed the IX Reserve Corps with the 17th Reserve Division . Recruitment . The division was composed primarily of troops from Schleswig - Holstein , the Hanseatic Cities , and the Mecklenburg grand duchies . The 31st Reserve Infantry Regiment was a Hanseatic regiment , primarily recruited in Hamburg and Bremen . The 84th and 86th Reserve Infantry Regiments were raised in Schleswig , with one battalion of the 84th Reserve Infantry Regiment raised in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Strelitz . The 90th Reserve Infantry Regiment was raised in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Schwerin . The 9th Reserve Jäger Battalion was raised in Lauenburg , a former duchy on the Baltic coast which had passed from Denmark to Prussia in 1864 . Combat chronicle . The 18th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front alongside its sister division , the 17th Reserve Division . It fought across Belgium in August 1914 and then occupied the line on the Aisne until September 1915 . It then went to Flanders and the Artois , where it remained engaged in positional warfare until June 1916 . From mid - July to late October 1916 , it fought in the Battle of the Somme with only one interlude away from the front . The division then remained in the trenchlines along the Yser until May 1917 . In May it fought in the Battle of Arras . It remained in the Flanders region for the rest of the year and into 1918 and fought in the Battle of Passchendaele . In 1918 , it occupied various parts of the line and fought against several Allied offensives , including in the second Battle of Cambrai . In 1918 , Allied intelligence rated the division as second class . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 18th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on March 8 , 1918 . The 18th Reserve Division was triangularized in March 1915 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion . The order of battle on March 8 , 1918 was as follows :