naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tre ' r Ceiri Tre ' r Ceiri is a hill fort dating back to the British Iron Age . The name is believed to mean " home of the giants " , from cewri , plural of cawr , giant . The settlement is located 450 meters above sea level on the slopes of Yr Eifl , a mountain on the north coast of the of the Llŷn peninsula in Gwynedd , north - western Wales . Evidence suggests the settlement was first built around 200 BC - though most of the archaeological finds date from AD 150 - 400 , placing the site firmly in the Roman period . Tre ' r Ceiri is one of the most spectacular ancient monuments in Wales . The settlement is surrounded by stone walls that are largely intact , and which reach up to 4 meters on some places . Within the walls are ruins of about 150 stone houses , which would have had turf roofs . During Roman times , it may have housed up to 400 people . Historian John Davies suggests that because the settlement is so far above sea level , the huts served as habitations for summer shepherds who also had winter dwellings in the lowlands . In modern times it was first brought to popular attention by Thomas Pennant in his " Tours of Wales " . Its location and importance have attracted visitors for years . The hill fort has recently been the site of conservation work and footpath maintenance . An extensive survey was made in 1956 .
Weserflug We 271 The Weserflug We 271 was a German flying boat active during World War II . History . This amphibious flying boat was produced in 1938 by the German aviation company Weser Flugzeugbau GmbH . The aircraft was a twin engine , all - metal , four seat transport with a cantilevered wing . Its wheels retracted into wells in its outrigger under wing floats . The We 271 first flew on June 28 , 1939 . World War II English language historical literature gives only minimal information about the operational history of these machines , aside from the fact that they were employed by the Luftwaffe as light passenger transport during the early years of the war .
SS Columbus ( 1924 ) The Columbus , laid down before the start of World War I , was originally to be named " Hindenburg " . However , her then - sister , originally named " Columbus " , was handed over to the White Star Line after the war as part of reparations in 1920 . The Allies allowed the Norddeutscher Lloyd ( NDL ) , her owners , to keep the remaining ship . NDL decided to give her the name of her departed sister , now the British " Homeric " . Construction , which had been held up by the war , resumed at Schichau Shipyards in Danzig , Germany . Construction and maiden voyage . Material shortages caused by the war delayed her completion until 1924 . She made her maiden voyage in April of that year . At the time , she was the German merchant marine ' s largest , fastest ocean liner . She measured 32 , 354 gross tons , was long and carried 1 , 650 passengers : 400 in First Class , 600 in Second and 650 Third Class passengers . She was one of the first liners to have an outside swimming pool installed on her top deck , as well as a platform for night - time dancing . She had triple - expansion steam engines which drove her at a rather modest 18 knots . Nevertheless she was quite popular and convinced NDL that larger passenger liners were feasible . Later career . With the building of the " Bremen " and " Europa " , the " Columbus " was supplanted as the queen of the NDL fleet . In 1929 , she was given a refit to make her resemble her younger , larger and faster running mates . This included the addition of two larger smokestacks and replacement of the reciprocating engines with geared turbines , increasing her speed from 18 knots to 22 knots . She spent the winter months cruising the Caribbean . At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 , " Columbus " was on one of these cruises when she was ordered to return to Germany at once . The Royal Navy was on the lookout for enemy ships . Putting her passengers ashore at Havana , Cuba , her captain and crew spent two months evading the British by taking refuge in several South American ports . On 19 December the British destroyer HMS " Hyperion " sighted " Columbus " about 400 miles off the coast of Virginia . The still neutral American heavy cruiser " Tuscaloosa " was also in the area , and silently observed the two ships . Rather than surrender the ship , her crew scuttled her , and she burned and sank . Her passengers and crew , 567 men and nine women , were taken aboard " Tuscaloosa " as rescued seamen , not as prisoners of war as they would have been had the British picked them up . " Tuscaloosa " took all personnel to New York City . After the end of war many returned to Germany .
HMS Grampus ( S04 ) HMS " Grampus " ( S04 ) was a " Porpoise " - class submarine . Her keel was laid down in 1955 by Cammell Laird at Birkenhead . She was launched by Lady Shepheard on 30 May 1957 . She was first commissioned on 19 December 1958 . Service . On 1 April 1963 , " Grampus " returned to Gosport after spending three weeks under the polar icecap looking for holes in the ice . During the patrol she superficially damaged her hull on the ice . During 1965 she refitted in Devonport Dockyard . On 11 January 1968 , the French trawler " Fomalhaut " caught " Grampus " in her nets in the English Channel . " Grampus " surfaced and both crews spent over three hours disentangling the nets . In 1968 she was part of the First Submarine Squadron based at HMS Dolphin and in that year was present during ' Navy Days ' in Portsmouth Dockyard . " Grampus " operated with USS " Tigrone " in a joint American - British oceanographic operation in the eastern Atlantic in 1972 .
Claud Thomas Bourchier Colonel Claud Thomas Bourchier ( 22 April 1831 – 19 November 1877 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 23 years old , and a Lieutenant in the 1st Battalion , The Rifle Brigade ( Prince Consort ' s Own ) , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . Action . On 20 November 1854 at Sebastopol , Crimea , Lieutenant Bourchier , with another lieutenant ( William James Montgomery Cuninghame ) was with a party detailed to drive the Russians from some rifle pits . Advancing on the pits after dark they launched a surprise attack and drove the Russian riflemen from their cover , but in the fierce fighting which ensued the officer in command of the party was killed . The two lieutenants , however , maintained their advantage , withstood all attacks from the enemy during the night and held the position until relieved next day . He later achieved the rank of Colonel . In later life he was a member of Boodle ' s club in St James ' s , London . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum " ( Winchester , England ) " .
USS O - 2 ( SS - 63 ) USS " O - 2 " ( SS - 63 ) was an " O " - class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 27 July 1917 by the Puget Sound Navy Yard . She was launched on 24 May 1918 , and commissioned at Puget Sound on 19 October 1918 with Lieutenant Commander F . T . Chew in command . Service history . During World War I , " O - 2 " patrolled off the New England coast until war ' s end . Reclassified as a second line submarine on 25 July 1924 , and reverting to a first liner on 6 June 1928 , she served at the submarine base , New London , Connecticut , in training officers and men until 1931 , except for a brief tour at Coco Solo , Panama Canal Zone , in 1924 . In 1931 , she transferred to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where she decommissioned on 25 June 1931 . With increasing possibility of U . S . involvement in World War II , " O - 2 " recommissioned at Philadelphia on 3 February 1941 . Steaming to New London in June , she trained submarine crews there until after Germany collapsed . She decommissioned on 26 July 1945 , was struck on 11 August 1945 , and was sold on 16 November 1945 .
United States Army Vietnam United States Army Republic of Vietnam ( USARV ) was an corps - level support command of the United States Army in the Vietnam War . USARV was created on July 20 , 1965 out of the U . S . Army Support Command , Vietnam . Long Binh headquarters . By mid - 1967 , almost all of U . S . Army Vietnam HQ Command ( USARV ) , 1st Logistics Command , and many other Army units dispersed in Saigon were moved to Long Binh Post to resolve centralization , security , and troop billeting issues . Long Binh Post was a sprawling logistics facility and the largest U . S . Army base in Vietnam with over 50 , 000 women and men . Function . USARV controlled the activities of all U . S . Army service and logistical units in South Vietnam until May 15 , 1972 , when its structure was merged with the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam ( MACV ) to become USARV / MACV Support Command , which was disbanded on March 28 , 1973 after completion of withdrawal of all combat and support units . USARV controlled nine major support commands in Vietnam , and also supervised 71 smaller units under the organizational titles " offices " , " agencies " , " groups " , " facilities " , " centers " , " depots " , " teams " , " activities " , " elements " , " companies " , and " detachments " . Its nine major commands were :
Operation Arsenal The Operation Arsenal , code name : " Meksyk II " ( ) was the first major operation by the Szare Szeregi ( Gray Ranks ) Polish Underground formation during the Nazi occupation of Poland . It took place on March 26 , 1943 in Warsaw . Its name was coined after the Warsaw Arsenal , in front of which the action took place . The plan was to free the troop leader Jan Bytnar " Rudy " , who was arrested together with his father by the Gestapo . The operation was executed by 28 scouts led by Warsaw Standard Commander Stanisław Broniewski " Orsza " . The initiator and the commander of the " Attack Group " was Tadeusz Zawadzki " Zośka " . The successfully conducted operation led to the release of Jan Bytnar and 24 other prisoners , including another Storm Group troop leader , Henryk Ostrowski " Henryk " , and 6 women , in an attack on the prison van that was taking the inmates from Pawiak Prison to Gestapo Headquarters at Szucha Avenue . Bytnar himself died four days later on account of injuries sustained due to German torture . Both of his " interrogators " were assassinated by Szare Szeregi within two months . The Operation was presented in a 1978 Polish film Akcja pod Arsenałem .
10th Parachute Division ( Germany ) The 10 . Fallschirmjäger - Division ( 10th Parachute Division ) was a fallschirmjäger ( airborne ) division of the German military during the Second World War , active in 1945 . A 10th Fallschirmjäger Division was originally ordered to be formed in September 1944 , but this order was cancelled . The division was formed in March 1945 , commanded by Gustav Wilke , out of a disparate collection of Luftwaffe units including existing parachute units in the Italian theatre , and crews from Jagdgeschwader 101 . It contained the 28th , 29th and 30th Fallschirmjäger Regiments , and the 10th Fallschirmjäger Artillery Regiment . The division fought in Austria and Moravia , surrendering to the Soviet Army in May 1945 at the end of the war .
Campo Vía pocket The battle of the Campo Vía pocket was a decisive engagement of the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia which took place in December 1933 . It was one of the most prominent battles of the Chaco War . Lt Col José Félix Estigarribia , with a massive force of several divisions of the Paraguayan Army , was able to surround two Bolivian divisions around the outpost of Alihuatá . The encircled troops were forced to capitulate due to lack of supplies on 11 December . Up to 2 , 000 Bolivian soldiers were killed and 7 , 000 made prisoner . Barely 900 Bolivian troops broke away . Subsequently , the Paraguayan troops expelled the Bolivian army from the eastern region of Chaco by the end of 1933 , forcing the resignation of German General Hans Kundt to the Bolivian High Command .
Adolphe Guillaumat Marie Louis Adolphe Guillaumat ( January 4 , 1863 – Nantes , May 18 , 1940 ) was a French Army general during World War I . Early years . Adolphe Guillaumat was born in Bourgneuf , Charente - Maritime . He graduated first from his class of 1884 at the Saint - Cyr military academy . Career . His early career was partly spent in the French Colonies ( Algeria , Tunisia , Tonkin , China ) . He was appointed a sub - lieutenant of infantry in October 1884 . Four years later he was promoted lieutenant . In November 1893 he became a captain and was transferred to the 147th infantry regiment . In 1903 he was appointed professor of military history at St . Cyr , and later became lecturer on infantry tactics at the École de Guerre . He was promoted lieutenant - colonel in 1907 and colonel in 1910 . In January 1913 , he was appointed Director of Infantry , and obtained the rank of Brigadier General in October of that year . World War I . At the start of World War I , he was chief of Minister of War Adolphe Messimy ' s military cabinet . When the latter left office , Guillaumat was appointed as the head of the 33rd Infantry Division on August 30 , 1914 and then of the 4th Infantry Division on December 9 , 1914 . He led the 1st Army Corps from February 25 , 1915 , and on December 15 , 1916 , he replaced Robert Nivelle as commander of the Second Army , when the latter was made commander - in - chief of the French Army . Guillaumat was sent to replace general Sarrail as commander of the French Forces in Salonika in December , 1917 . He laid the plans later executed by his replacement , general Franchet d ’ Esperey , and rebuilt the relations with France ' s allies somewhat damaged by his predecessor . Guillaumat was recalled to Paris on 17 June 1918 and replaced with Franchet d ’ Esperey . There , he replaced Auguste Dubail as military governor of Paris . After the success of the Second Battle of the Marne , he was appointed to the Supreme War Council . He then returned to active command as commander of the Fifth Army , which he led through the Ardennes at the end of the war . Occupation of the Rhine . Following the Armistice , Guillaumat was appointed Commander in chief of Allied occupation forces in the Rhineland . He was criticsed for his failure to take suitable precaution against cold weather in the winter of 1928 / 9 which led to some of the soldiers under his command freezing to death . Political career . He was a Minister of War in a short - lived June 23 - July 19 , 1926 ) government led by Aristide Briand , who had been his 1 - year elder at the Nantes Lycée . ( His son Pierre Guillaumat served as a " Minister of the Armies " of General De Gaulle after the latter ' s return to power from June 1 , 1958 to February 5 , 1960 ) . Personal life . Adolphe Guillaumat married Louise Bibent from Toulouse on July 17 , 1906 and had two sons : Louis , who became an Ophthalmologist , and Pierre , who became a Civil servant . General Guillaumat was a practising Catholic and an admirer of Frédéric Bastiat .
Security Detachment Iraq ( Australia ) The Security Detachment Iraq ( SECDET Iraq ) was the final component of Australia ' s contribution to coalition operations in Iraq . SECDET was based on an Australian Army combined arms combat team consisting of an infantry company group and a troop of cavalry which operated the Australian Light Armoured ( ASLAV ) vehicles . The force ' s duties included static security guarding at the Australian Embassy in Baghdad and the protection of Australian diplomats and vehicle convoys . SECDET was withdrawn in August 2011 , with the firm Unity Resources Group becoming responsible for providing security for Australia ' s diplomatic presence in Iraq . Incidents . SECDET IV had a Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device ( VBIED ) detonate across the street from their HQ during their tour . SECDET IV was also involved in a serious accident when an ASLAV rolled at high speed . SECDET V was involved in a VBIED attack on 25 October 2004 , just short of an International Zone checkpoint , with the patrol suffering four wounded in action and serious damage to an ASLAV - 25 . SECDET V was also involved in two incidents in the northern city of Tall Afar on 8 and 10 December 2004 , when 3 Troop , A Squadron of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was ambushed by insurgents using small arms and rocket propelled grenades . During the subsequent firefight , the insurgents suffered injuries and casualties , however no damage was inflicted on the Australian patrol . SECDET VI had a VBIED detonate both on an ASLAV patrol on Route Irish and also on their HQ in Baghdad during their tour . Private Jacob Kovco , Australia ' s only fatality of the Iraq conflict , was a member of SECDET IX in 2006 .
Milton E . Miles Milton E . Miles ( April 6 , 1900 – March 25 , 1961 ) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Navy , who served in World War II as head of Naval Intelligence operations in China , and later , second - in - command of the Sino - American Special Technical Cooperative Organization ( SACO ) . Biography . Miles was born in Jerome , Arizona , the son of Lewis E . Robbins and Mae Belle Cook , and was the stepson of George A . Miles . Early naval career . He joined the United States Navy in 1917 as an apprentice seaman , attending the United States Naval Academy from 1918 to 1922 . As a student , Miles was called " Mary " by his classmates , in reference to the silent film star Mary Miles Minter . Commissioned as an ensign , he first served in the Asiatic Fleet , receiving promotion to Lieutenant ( junior grade ) . In 1927 - 1929 he studied at the Naval Postgraduate School at Annapolis , was promoted to Lieutenant , and received his Master from Columbia University . From 1929 until 1932 he was electrical officer aboard the aircraft carrier . He was a member of the Navy Department ' s Bureau of Engineering from 1932 - 1934 . He was on destroyer duty in the U . S . Pacific and Asiatic Fleets between 1934 – 1939 , receiving promotion to lieutenant commander in 1937 . World War II . From 1939 to 1942 Miles was a member of the Navy Department Interior Control Board , being promoted to commander and then captain in 1942 . In 1942 - 1943 he served as U . S . Naval Observer , Chungking , China , and as Chief of OSS ( Office of Strategic Services ) for the Far East . In 1943 - 1945 he was Deputy Director of the Sino - American Cooperative Organization ( SACO ) , and also served as Commander , U . S . Naval Group , China in 1944 - 1945 , receiving the temporary rank of rear admiral in 1945 . Post - war . In 1946 Miles commanded the heavy cruiser , and in 1947 he was a planning officer on the staff of the Service Force , Atlantic Fleet . He received promotion to rear admiral in 1948 to command Cruiser Division One , and then commanded Cruiser Division Six and Cruiser Division Four in 1949 . Between 1950 and 1954 Miles was the director of Pan American Affairs and U . S . Naval Missions in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and Senior Naval Delegate to Inter - American Defense Board . He served as Commandant of the 15th Naval District in the Panama Canal Zone in 1954 , and was on - site Commander of " Operation Friendship " , a flood relief program at Tampico , Mexico in 1955 , in the wake of Hurricane Janet . From 1956 Miles was the Commandant of the 3rd Naval District , based at New York , and also Commander of the U . S . Naval Base , New York . He retired in 1958 with the rank of Vice Admiral . Miles died on 25 March 1961 .
Střekov castle Střekov castle is situated in the village Střekov in the city of Ústí nad Labem . It was built at the beginning of the 14th century on a basalt rock above the river Labe to protect the important waterway and to collect duties . Střekov castle enchanted many world known artists notably Richard Wagner who was inspired to write a poem that served as basis for the libretto to the opera " Tannhäuser " . History . Střekov Castle was built in the early 14th century in order to guard the transport of goods along the Labe , the river it overlooks . John of Luxemborg gave the land to Pešek of Veitmile on the condition that he would build a castle to guard the taxable goods that floated up and down the river . When the castle was completed it was then sold to the Vartenberg family . The castle exchanged hands many times in the 15th century , as well as endured many structural changes , until the Lobkowicz family came into possession of it . The Lobkowicz family maintains ownership of the castle currently . Nuns from nearby Teplice tooks refuge in the castle during the Hussite wars . In 1757 the castle came under attack from Laudon , and it still bears the marks from that attack . The Castle was abandoned as a military installation not long afterwards and during the 19th century it became attractive to tourists . A large fire was intentionally lit in the administrative buildings in 1961 , as the president of Czechoslovakia was coming to visit and local officials were concerned that there would be no place for him and his entourage to park . The site is now the parking lot for visitors . Legends and fables . In spring the basalt rock upon which the castle was built is covered by golden Aubrieta flowers . According to the fable the Lords of the Castle ' s daughter once fell in love with a poor horseman . Her father however did not approve of their love . He found another wooer for her and the horseman was imprisoned and starved to death . The girl then jumped from the 100m high rock and as she was falling her golden hair touched the rock in places where now the golden Aubrieta flowers grow . It is also said that from time to time her ghost can be seen climbing the cliff to meet the spirit of her beloved who died in the tower of the castle . Richard Wagner the ghost In 1842 a mysterious white silhouette was seen walking on the walls and around the area . This " ghost " however was actually Richard Wagner clothed in white bedsheets who was looking for a muse . Finally he wrote a poem that later became basis for his famous opera " Tannhäuser " .
HMS B6 HMS " B6 " was a Royal Navy B class submarine , built at Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness , launched 30 November 1905 and completed 3 March 1906 . " B6 " was deployed to the Mediterranean soon after the outbreak of World War I . Due to the lack of spare parts this group of submarines were not used after September 1915 . In 1917 the Italian Navy converted " B6 " into to surface patrol boat " S6 " to serve in the Adriatic . " B6 " was sold in 1921 to Messrs . Francotosti , Malta .
8th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment The 8th Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 8th Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9 , 1864 . It was disbanded on October 29 , 1864 . Detailed service . The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Major General Sterling Price ' s raid .
The Dodo ( magazine ) The Dodo is a satirical , sometimes underground military humor magazine published by cadets at the United States Air Force Academy . It often pokes fun at Air Force and Academy policies and leadership , and is often very cynical in nature . The magazine ' s name is a play on the Academy ' s official mascot , the falcon . Since its founding in 1957 , " The Dodo " has gone through cycles of legitimacy . At times it has been sanctioned and censored by Academy leadership . Other times , the attitude of the magazine has driven the powers that be to ban it outright — usually driving publication underground . eDodo . In the mid - 90s , censorship of the Dodo drove the development of an online version of the magazine called eDodo , run by graduates who were no longer subject to the military authority at the Academy . The eDodo bulletin boards were frequented by Academy graduates , cadets , and at least a handful of non - graduates , but Academy officials publicly distanced themselves from the eDodo . Currently , eDodo is blocked at the Academy by the 10th Communications Squadron . The site itself is dormant , and has not published a new " issue " since November 2011 .