naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Luffness Castle Luffness Castle , sometimes known as Luffness House or Aberlady Castle , is a castle of 13th - century origin in Luffness , not far from Aberlady , in East Lothian , Scotland . The castle is historically part of the entail of the Earls of Hopetoun . History . There is evidence of a permanent Viking camp at this site . It is believed that the original castle was a significant fortress , founded by the Gospatrick Earls of Dunbar and March . Its position allowed it to protect landings in Aberlady Bay , and Haddington , which lies a few miles inland . On the death of the crusading eighth earl , the property was presented to the church , so that a Carmelite friary was founded in the ground in 1293 . The French built a fort around the castle in 1549 as defence against the English , and it was successful in impeding them for a time in the War of the Rough Wooing . Mary of Guise ordered its destruction in 1552 as part of the peace arrangements , at the insistence of the Earl of Hertford . After the Reformation Sir Patrick Hepburn of Waughton acquired the property , and the Hepburn Earls of Bothwell gained possession in due time . Mary , Queen of Scots , visited Luffness in the company of her third husband , James Hepburn , 4th Earl of Bothwell . It was purchased for £8 , 350 in 1739 by the 1st Earl of Hopetoun , whose family owns it still . Description . The house , which lies in a wooded estate not far from Aberlady Bay , is now a T - plan building , incorporating the 16th century tower house . It was added to and altered in the Victorian and Edwardian periods . A moat , earthworks , a stair - tower , gun - loops , and a turret remain from earlier periods . The walled fruit garden was built by Prisoners of War of the Napoleonic Wars . See also . List of places in East Lothian
HMS Sarepta RNAS Portland was an air station of the Royal Navy from 1917 . The site was first built in 1917 as HMS Sarepta within the confines of Portland Harbour as a seaplane base ; the aircraft operating from the base ' s slipways . In 1959 it became RNAS Portland ( HMS Osprey )
Edwin M . Truell Edwin M . Truell ( August 19 , 1841 – October 12 , 1907 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor . Truell was born on August 19 , 1841 , in Lowell , Massachusetts . His official residence was listed as Mauston , Wisconsin . He died on October 12 , 1907 , and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . His award citation reads : For extraordinary heroism on 21 July 1864 , while serving with Company E , 12th Wisconsin Infantry , in action at Atlanta , Georgia . Although severely wounded in a charge , Private Truell remained with the regiment until again severely wounded , losing his leg .
William Tate ( soldier ) Chef de brigade ( colonel ) William Tate was the Irish - American commander of the French forces known as La Légion Noire which invaded Britain in 1797 , resulting in the Battle of Fishguard . The 1200 to 1400 - strong force landed at Carregwastad Point , near the Welsh port of Fishguard , on February 22 but surrendered three days later . This was the last invasion of the British mainland by foreign forces . He disliked the British because his family was murdered by pro - British Native Americans in the American War of Independence , and advocated Irish republicanism . Many historians , following E . H . Stuart Jones , the author of The Last Invasion of Britain , ( 1950 ) have suggested that William Tate was about 70 years old in 1797 ; he was in fact 44 .
HMS Penn ( G77 ) HMS " Penn " ( Pennant G77 ) was an escort destroyer of the " P " Class . " Penn " was ordered by the United Kingdom under the Wartime Emergency Programme , in the early part of the Second World War and was laid down at the Newcastle - on - Tyne yard of Vickers Armstrong on 26 December 1939 . Service . HMS " Penn " was launched on 12 February 1941 . She was commissioned into the fleet on 10 February 1942 . HMS " Penn " was involved in the Operation Pedestal , a convoy to bring much needed reinforcements to Malta . During the course of this operation she helped tow the damaged SS " Ohio " with her vital supplies of fuel into Grand Harbour , Valletta . On 7 November 1943 HMS " Penn " with HMS " Pathfinder " sank the German submarine trap GA45 off Amorgos , Greece . On 15 June 1945 " Penn " with " Paladin " sank a Japanese landing craft off the Northwest coast of Sumatra . " Penn " was sold for scrap on 30 October 1950 .
Agamemnon Gratsios Agamemnon Gratsios or Gratzios ( , 1922 – 1993 ) was a Greek Army officer who rose to the rank of full General , and held the posts of Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff and of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff . He was born in the village of Elafotopos , Zagori in the Ioannina Prefecture , in 1922 . He entered the Hellenic Army Academy , but the outbreak of the Greco - Italian War on 28 October 1940 interrupted his studies ; along with his classmates , he participated in the Battle of Crete , where he was seriously wounded . In 1942 he was named a Second Lieutenant . During the Greek Civil War , he served as a platoon , company and battery commander , being promoted to Lieutenant ( 1946 ) and Captain ( 1948 ) . He was again wounded during the Battle of Naousa in April 1949 . Gratsios was an artillery officer , but after the civil war , he was trained in special operations in Greece and Germany and held several command and staff positions in the Greek Special Forces : commander of the Parachute School , of the 5th Raider Squadron , of the Special Forces in Cyprus ( in 1965 - 67 ) . He also commanded the 12th Infantry Division , the ASDEN and III Army Corps , and First Army , being successively promoted to Major ( 1952 ) , Lt . Colonel ( 1958 ) , Colonel ( 1967 ) , Brigadier ( 1971 ) , Major General ( 1972 ) and Lt . General ( 1974 ) . On 14 September 1976 he assumed the position of Chief of the Army Command , which a year later was reconstituted again as the Hellenic Army General Staff , a post he held until 11 January 1980 , when he was appointed as Chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff and promoted to full General . He finally retired on 19 January 1982 . He died in 1993 , and is survived by a wife and two children .
Skirmish at Bender The Skirmish at Bender ( ) was devised to remove Charles XII of Sweden from the Ottoman Empire after his military defeats in Russia . It took place on February 1 , 1713 on Ottoman territory , in what is now the town of Bender , Moldova . History . After the Swedish defeat at the battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709 and the surrender of most of the Swedish army at Perevolochna three days later , Charles XII of Sweden fled together with a few hundred Swedish soldiers and a large number of cossacks to the Ottoman Empire , where they spent a total of five years . The events of the Skirmish at Bender officially began on 31 January 1713 with the firing of Turkish artillery on the Swedish camp . On February 1 , the Ottoman forces attacked the camp . Together with some 40 soldiers , Charles XII stood against many hundreds of Turks . The life guard Axel Erik Roos in particular distinguished himself during the skirmish and accounts tell that he saved the king ' s life three times during the day . The king himself killed at least one Ottoman soldier with his sword in hand to hand combat when he and Roos came under attack by 3 Ottomans . During parts of the fighting Charles was also actively sniping with a carbine against the assaulting enemy from a window in his sleeping quarters , positioned in the building where the Swedes had taken up their defense . The fighting lasted for over 7 hours and the Ottomans eventually used both artillery and fire arrows when the initial assaults were beaten back and the later method proved to be effective . The fire arrows caught the building ' s roof on fire and forced the defenders to abandon it , the fighting then came to an abrupt end when the king tripped on his own spur s while exiting the burning house . He was assaulted by scores of Ottoman soldiers who managed to capture him and the remaining fighters . After some time as a prisoner , Charles XII and his soldiers were released when news about the Swedish victory in the battle of Gadebusch reached the Ottomans . Charles then started to plan his trip back to Sweden . List of participating soldiers . Only 43 Swedes participated in the Skirmish at Bender , although Karl XII originally had 1 , 000 to 1 , 500 men at his disposal . The following 43 Swedish soldiers participated in the battle : Etymology . In Turkish the word for " crowd " or " tumult " is " kalabalık " , which after the incident has become a Swedish loanword , " kalabalik " , with the meaning " confusion " or " great disorder " . In popular culture . The Skirmish at Bender was the inspiration for Mats Ahren ' s 1983 film comedy " Kalabaliken i Bender " . Even in the early 1920s a major motion picture was produced with scenes from the skirmish .
Soviet minesweeper T - 115 T - 115 was a minesweeper of the Soviet Navy during World War II and the Cold War . She had originally been built as USS " Apex " ( AM - 142 ) , an , for the United States Navy during World War II , but never saw active service in the U . S . Navy . Upon completion she was transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend - Lease as " T - 115 " ; she was never returned to the United States . The ship was eventually scrapped on 1 June 1966 . Because of the Cold War , the U . S . Navy was unaware of this fate and the vessel remained on the American Naval Vessel Register until she was struck on 1 January 1983 . Career . " Apex " was laid down on 8 June 1942 at Tampa , Florida , by the Tampa Shipbuilding Co . ; launched on 7 December 1942 ; sponsored by Mrs . J . L . Chancey ; and completed on 17 August 1943 . She was transferred to the Soviet Navy that same day as " T - 115 " . She was never returned to U . S . custody . In Soviet service she was renamed " Aydar " on 1 September 1955 . She was eventually scrapped on 1 June 1966 . Due to the ongoing Cold War , the U . S . Navy was unaware of this fate . They had reclassified the vessel as " MSF - 142 " on 7 February 1955 , and kept her on the American Naval Vessel Register until she was struck on 1 January 1983 .
George S . Simonds George Sherwin Simonds ( March 12 , 1874 – November 1 , 1938 ) was a U . S . Army officer with the rank of Major General . Biography . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1899 . After graduation he was assigned to the 22d Infantry . He served in the Philippines and China . He returned to West Point in 1904 as an instructor in the Department of Law . In addition from 1915 to 1917 he also taught in the Department of Tactics . When World War I began , he was sent to France as an observer . After returning to America he was assigned to the General Staff of the General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Force and returned to France again in 1917 . Lieutenant Colonel George S . Simonds , Infantry , was Chief of Staff of the 2nd Corps , American Expeditionary Force . He received the Army Distinguished Service Medal for service in World War I . Simonds was promoted to Brigadier General in 1924 . Brigadier General Simonds served as Chief of the War Plans Division of the War Department from September 1 , 1927 to September 1 , 1931 . In 1932 he was assigned to run the Army War College . Previously he was Douglas MacArthur ' s chief war planner , and his appointment was made to improve the planning ability in the Army War College . Simonds was promoted to Major General in 1933 . Major General Simonds served as Deputy Chief of Staff in the War Department from February 2 , 1935 to May 28 , 1936 . In June 1936 , Simonds took command of the Fourth United States Army and Ninth Corps ; the headquarters was at the Presidio of San Francisco . General Simonds retired from the Army at San Francisco , retiring in 1938 . He died 7 months later and was buried in the West Point Cemetery . The ship USAT General George S . Simonds was named for him .
45th Indian Infantry Brigade The 45th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . The brigade was formed in June 1941 , at Ahmednagar in India and assigned to the 17th Indian Infantry Division . It was transferred to Malaya Command in January 1942 where it was virtually destroyed in the Battle of Muar . What was left of the brigade was briefly under command of the Australian 8th Division in February 1942 , during the Battle of Singapore and surrendered to the Japanese with the rest of the garrison on 15 February .
Alexander Zuyev Alexander Mikhailovich Zuyev ( ; 1961 – June 10 , 2001 ) was a captain of the former - Soviet Air Force ( VVS ) who piloted his Mikoyan MiG - 29 to Trabzon , Turkey on May 20 , 1989 . Zuyev had married the daughter of the Chief - of - staff of the Air Division at the age of 25 , and had applied to the test pilot school in Aktyubinsk due to his excellent performance but failed to get selected . Zuyev turned bitter about the rejection and when his marriage fell into difficulties , coupled with his personal doubts about the Soviet system , he decided to defect to the United States of America . The day before his defection he drugged his unit using a large amount of sleeping pills in a cake he baked . At this time a mechanic who came to shift change failed to awaken any of his comrades . Zuyev tried to disarm the mechanic , but failed , shot him with a pistol , wounding him in the process . The aircraft were almost ready and Zuyev took off on one of them . After takeoff , he had planned to shoot other aircraft on the ground , but failed because he forgot to remove one of the two locks on the gun . He was allowed to immigrate to the United States where he settled in San Diego , California and opened a consulting firm . Zuyev also wrote a book titled " Fulcrum : A Top Gun Pilot ' s Escape from the Soviet Empire " ( ISBN 0 - 446 - 51648 ) . Originally Zuyev faced criminal charges such as hijacking in the Turkish courts , but the charges were dismissed for political reasons . On January 3 , 1993 , Zuyev revealed that the reason that Korean Air Lines Flight 007 succeeded in crossing over Kamchatka without being shot down was because Arctic gales had knocked out the Soviet radars on Kamchatka ten days previously . On June 10 , 2001 , Alexander Zuyev was killed along with another aviator , Jerry ' Mike ' Warren , in a crash near Bellingham , Washington , USA when their Yakovlev Yak - 52 entered and failed to recover from an accelerated stall .
Czechoslovak Legion in France Enrollment of Czechoslovak volunteers in the French Foreign Legion started in Paris on August 21 , 1914 . August 31 marked the creation of the 1st Company , Battalion C of the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Foreign Legion in Bayonne . Meeting in the city , the soldiers greeted each other with " Na zdar ! " ( a greeting used by members of the Sokol movement ) and hence came to be called " Nazdar ! " Company ( " " rota Nazdar " " in Czech ) . The company was part of the French army ' s Moroccan division , and took part in heavy combat during assaults near Arras on May 9 and June 16 , 1915 , where it suffered heavy casualties . Because of these , Battalion C , including as " Nazdar ! " Company , was disbanded , and volunteers continued to fight in various French army and Foreign Legion units . An autonomous Czechoslovak army was established from 19 December 1917 by decree of the French government . On 12 January 1918 the 21st Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment was formed in the town of Cognac . It fought as part of the French 53rd Infantry Division . On 20 May 1918 the 22nd Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment was created , initially fighting as part of the French 134th Infantry Division . On June 29 the government of France officially acknowledged the right of Czech and Slovaks to independence , and the next day both regiments took an oath of allegiance in presence of the French president , Raymond Poincaré , as well as Czechoslovak independence movement officials , including Edvard Beneš . Today , June 30 is celebrated as the " Day of Czech Armed Forces " . In 1918 a Czechoslovak brigade , under command of the French general Philippe , consisting of the 21st and 22nd Rifle regiments , was formed in France , and saw combat near Vouziers . The brigade returned home in the autumn of 1918 . It had about 9 , 600 soldiers . 650 Czech and Slovak legionnaires died in France during World War I .
Östgöta infanteriregemente Östgöta infanteriregemente ( Östergötland Infantry Regiment ) was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that traced its origins back to the 16th century . It was merged with another unit to form a new regiment in 1791 . The regiment ' s soldiers were recruited from the province of Östergötland . History . The regiment has its origins in fänikor ( companies ) raised in Östergötland in the 16th century . In 1619 , these units — along with fänikor from the nearby Jönköping County — were organised by Gustav II Adolf into Östergötlands storregemente , of which nine of the total 24 companies were recruited in Östergötland . Östergötlands storregemente consisted of three field regiments , of which Östgöta infanteriregemente was one . Sometime between 1623 and 1628 , the grand regiment was permanently split into three smaller regiments , of which Östgöta infanteriregemente was one . The regiment was officially raised in 1636 although it had existed since the 1620s . Östgöta infanteriregemente was one of the original 20 Swedish infantry regiments mentioned in the Swedish constitution of 1634 . The regiment ' s first commander was Johan Banér . It was allotted in 1685 . Östgöta infanteriregemente was merged with Östgöta kavalleriregemente in 1791 to form Livgrenadjärregementet . The reorganisation and renaming to a " life grenadier " title of honour was conducted in regard to the regiment ' s achievements during Gustav III ' s Russian War . Östgöta infanteriregemente was renamed to Livgrenadjärregementets rotehållsdivision and retained some form of semi - independence .
Eleanor V . Valentin Rear Admiral Eleanor V . Valentin is the first female flag officer to serve as director of the United States Navy Medical Service Corps . She assumed command of Navy Medicine Support Command and assumed duties as the 16th director of the Medical Service Corps on 1 October 2009 . Biography . Rear Admiral Valentin is a native of Seattle , Washington and former college cheerleader . After receiving her Bachelor of Science degrees in Zoology and Psychology at the University of Washington , she completed a Masters degree in Public Health ( Health Policy and Planning ) , and a Master of Science degree in Public Health ( Biostatistics ) at the University of Hawaii . Career . In 1982 she was commissioned as a lieutenant junior grade , Medical Service Corps , United States Navy , and for the next decade she served in a variety of department head and administrative officer positions at Naval Hospital San Diego ; Admiral J . T . Boone Branch Medical Clinic in Norfolk , Va ; Naval Medical Clinic Norfolk , Va ; U . S . Naval Hospital Guam ; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington , D . C . ; and U . S . Naval Hospital Yokosuka , Japan . Valentin served as director for Administration at Naval Medical Clinic in Pearl Harbor from 1994 - 1997 . Following that duty , Valentin reported to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and became the branch head for TRICARE Marketing and Communications . In October 2000 , Valentin became the director , Regional Operations , in the Office of the Secretary of Defense ( Health Affairs ) TRICARE Management Activity . There , she led staff and joint service teams in developing plans and strategies to implement statutory and policy guidance for the delivery of healthcare services to eligible beneficiaries worldwide . From April 2003 until April 2006 , she served as executive officer , Naval Hospital Corpus Christi , Texas ; and from May 2006 through May 2008 , she served as commanding officer , Naval Hospital / Health Clinic Cherry Point , N . C . Formerly , she served as chief of staff for Navy Medicine National Capital Area . Valentin was promoted to her current rank on September 1 , 2009 . On October 1 , 2009 , Valentin will assume duties as chief , Medical Service Corps . With her promotion to flag rank , Valentin becomes the first female director of the Medical Service Corps to reach that milestone . Awards and decorations . Valentin has achieved Fellow status in the American College of Healthcare Executives and the Academy of Healthcare Management . Her personal decorations include the Defense Superior Service Medal ; Legion of Merit ; Defense Meritorious Service Medal ; Meritorious Service Medal ( 3 ) ; Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal ( 3 ) ; and Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal . References . " This article contains information from the United States Navy and is in the public domain . "
Ayni Air Base Ayni Air Force Base , also known as Gissar Air Base , is a military air base in Tajikistan , just 10 km west of the capital Dushanbe . During the Cold War era , Ayni served as a major military base of the Soviet Union . However , following Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan , the base ' s infrastructure deteriorated significantly . Between 2002 and 2010 , India spent nearly US $ 70 million to renovate the air base — the runway was extended to 3 , 200 meters and state - of - the - art navigational and air defense equipment were installed . It was speculated by some media outlets that India was keen on establishing a military base in Ayni so as to gain a strategic foothold in Central Asia . In January 2011 , Tajik Foreign Minister , Hamrohan Zarifi , officially launched negotiations with Russia to discuss possible deployment of Russian military at Ayni . Zarifi also ruled out deployment of Indian or American forces at Ayni . History . Reports began circulating in early 2000s that India would establish air bases at Ayni and Farkhor in Tajikistan . Both Indian and Tajik officials issued immediate denials , but they did admit that India had been renovating the bases since 2002 . India eventually did establish itself at Farkhor , but not Ayni . When fully operational , the Indian base was expected to host 12 to 14 MiG - 29 fighter bombers , according to various reports . Strategic location and geopolitical implications . The Indian military presence in Tajikistan would give India the required depth and range in seeking a larger role in South Asia and is a tangible manifestation of India ’ s move to project its power in Central Asia , a policy goal formally enunciated in 2003 – 2004 . The potential implications of such moves would go far beyond the Indo - Pakistani rivalry on the subcontinent . Russia , the principal economic and political partner of Tajikistan , has also expressed its opposition to any military presence in Tajikistan other than its own . Former Pakistan President General Pervez Musharraf , raised Pakistani concerns with the Tajik government on the fact that Indian planes would be able to reach Pakistan within minutes . According to media reports , an Indian air force contingent , including Indian Mi - 17 helicopters and leased Russian fighter jets , are currently deployed to the base under joint Indo - Tajik control . The Russian equipment is maintained by Russian contractors , creating a sort of joint control over these assets .