naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
China Bay Airport China Bay Airport ( , ) is an air force base and domestic airport in China Bay in eastern Sri Lanka . Located approximately south west of the city of Trincomalee , the airport is also known as Trincomalee Airport and SLAF China Bay . Originally built by the British during colonial times , it was taken over by the Sri Lanka Air Force . History . During the 1920s the British built an air base in China Bay in eastern Ceylon . The Royal Air Force established a base at China Bay in March 1942 with Hurricane , Spitfire and Catalina aircraft . A number of RAF squadrons ( 17 , 159 , 205 , 240 , 258 , 261 , 273 , 321 , 357 , 648 ) and other units were stationed at the airfield during and immediately after the war . The base was bombed by the Japanese on 9 April 1942 during World War II . The airfield played a role in the Allied attempt to retake Malaya with B29 bombers using the airfield . After independence , the British maintained two military bases in Ceylon , the air force base in Katunayake and the naval base in Trincomalee , and camps at Diyatalawa . The naval base in Trincomalee included the air base in China Bay . The base was opened to civilian flights in 1952 . All British military bases in the country were taken over by the Ceylonese government in November 1957 . RAF China Bay became RCyAF China Bay . It became SLAF Base China Bay in May 1972 . The base was turned into the Sri Lanka Air Force Academy in March 1976 . The academy was made an air force base in January 1987 due to the civil war . Airlines and destinations . Passenger Cargo Air Force Academy . The base houses the Sri Lanka Air Force Academy . Established in 1976 , the academy is where the Sri Lanka Air Force conducts its initial officer training . Currently there are three lodger formations carrying out training :
Battle of Beth Zechariah The Battle of Beth - Zechariah was fought between the Jewish Maccabeans and Greek forces during the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire . Background . In 164 BCE , Judas Maccabeus crushed the numerically superior Greeks under Lysias at the Battle of Beth Zur and restored the temple in Jerusalem . However , Seleucid forces still controlled the Acra , a strong fortress within the city that faced the Temple Mount and served as a symbol to remind the Jews that their land was still occupied . Taking advantage of bitter rivalry between Lysias and the recently deceased emperor ' s regent , Philip , Judas laid siege to the fortress in 162 BC . However , Lysias did the unexpected and left Antioch and his dispute with Philip and took the field against the Maccabean army . With an army of about 50 , 000 infantry and thirty war elephants , along with cavalry and chariots , Lysias approached Jerusalem from the south and besieged Beth - zur , eighteen miles from the city . Judas lifted his own siege on The Acra , and led his army south to Beth - Zechariah . The Jewish force of about 20 , 000 positioned itself on the high ground across the road to Jerusalem — directly in the path of the Syrian - Seleucid army . Description . As told in , after capturing Beth - Zur , Lysias ' force marched on Beth - Zechariah , with war elephants and light infantry at the helm of the main attack and heavy cavalry anchoring the flanks on high ground . In the center rear marched the shock troops — the heavy infantry — in phalanx formation . Judas did not defer to his usual guerrilla tactics because he felt that his past success with them was cause for the Syrians to expect a non - traditional defense . He therefore used traditional field tactics and fought the Syrians in their own fashion . The result was a defeat for the Jews . The war elephants unnerved Judas ' troops . As the Jews began to break for the rear , the Maccabee ' s younger brother , Eleazar Horan , attempted to show his fellow men that the elephants were vulnerable . tells how , charging into the mouth of the Syrian assault , he spotted a large elephant bearing the royal seal . Eleazar cast himself under the animal and thrust his sword into its soft belly . The elephant died immediately and fell onto Eleazar , killing him . This show of bravery was not enough to rally the Jewish forces , which collapsed under the heavy pressure of the Greek phalanx . Lysias marched north to Jerusalem and laid siege to the rebel forces there . However , before he could restore total Seleucid control of the city , he was called back to Antioch to engage his enemy , Philip , for control of the empire . Before he left , he agreed to a compromise allowing the Jews to follow their customs and to worship as they pleased . Eleazar ' s heroism was commemorated in a Hanukkah coin issued by the Bank of Israel in 1961 . The town of Elazar was named after the Maccabeean , since it is on the road to Beit Zur ( near present day Karmei Zur and the Arab town of Halhul ) . The Moshav Zekharia , sitting on the ruins of the Arab village Zakaria , is probably the location of ancient Beth Zecharia .
No . 325 Expeditionary Combat Support Squadron RAAF No . 325 Expeditionary Combat Support Squadron ( 325ECSS ) was a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) ground support squadron . It was formed on 30 September 2008 by combining Combat Support Unit Richmond and Combat Support Unit Glenbrook . The two units were combined as part of reforms which aim to improve the efficiency of the RAAF ' s airbase services and improve the force ' s expeditionary support capability . 325ECSS provides support services at RAAF Base Richmond and RAAF Base Glenbrook with a contingency role of providing personnel for the Northern Expeditionary Combat Support Squadron . On 1 July 2010 changes to the structure of the Combat Support Group resulted in the functions of 325ECSS being integrated with No . 22 ( City of Sydney ) Squadron at RAAF Richmond and 321ECSS being disbanded .
Nathan H . Edgerton Nathan Huntley Edgerton ( August 28 , 1839 – October 27 , 1932 ) was a Union Army officer who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in the American Civil War . Having been born and raised as a Quaker , Edgerton did not join the war until 1863 , when the Army of Northern Virginia invaded Pennsylvania . He joined the Pennsylvania militia , and served until the end of the Gettysburg Campaign . A few months later , he was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 6th United States Colored Infantry Regiment . By 1864 , Lt . Edgerton had become the adjutant of the 6th USCT . In the early morning of September 29 , 1864 , his regiment advanced against the Confederate line at the Battle of New Market Heights in Virginia . The enemy held their fire until the Black soldiers were within 150 yards then unleashed a deadly volley of lead . One Union flag bearer was shot down , then another , then a third . Lt . Edgerton , despite being wounded himself , lifted up the flag and advanced it with his regiment until the Confederates retreated . Two senior non - commissioned officers of the regiment , both African - Americans , advanced the regimental colors with Lt . Edgerton . They were Sergeant Major Thomas R . Hawkins and First Sergeant Alexander Kelly . The three men , Edgerton , Hawkins , and Kelly are depicted in a painting , " Three Medals of Honor " by artist Don Troiani . The painting is scheduled to be unveiled June 24 , 2013 at the Union League of Philadelphia . For his conspicuous act of bravery , Nathan Huntley Edgerton was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor . He received his medal on March 30 , 1898 . A native of Ohio , Edgerton was promoted to captain before the end of the war . He later moved to Oregon where he died at the age of 93 . He is buried on his farm in Agness , Oregon . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Lieutenant and Adjutant , 6th U . S . Colored Troops . Place and date : At Chapins Farm , Va . , September 29 , 1864 . Entered service at : Philadelphia , Pa . Birth : - - - - - - . Date of issue : March 30 , 1898 . Citation : Took up the flag after 3 color bearers had been shot down and bore it forward , though himself wounded .
Ewart Oakeshott Ewart Oakeshott ( 25 May 1916 — 30 September 2002 ) was a British illustrator , collector , and amateur historian who wrote prodigiously on medieval arms and armour . He was a Fellow of the " Society of Antiquaries " , a Founder Member of the " Arms and Armour Society " , and the Founder of the " Oakeshott Institute " . His classification of the medieval sword , the Oakeshott typology , lives on today as the premiere work on the systematic organization of medieval weaponry . Biography . Oakeshott became interested in arms and armour as a boy . He started collecting swords while he was still a boy at Dulwich UK school , building up a significant collection . In addition he was an artist and illustrated most of his books , and was also a speaker . Typology . Oakeshott ' s typology of medieval and early renaissance swords is among his most influential and most lasting works . Though his work was not entirely original , it was certainly groundbreaking . Dr . Jan Peterson had previously developed a typology for Viking swords consisting of twenty - six categories . Peterson ' s typology was simplified by Dr . R . E . M . Wheeler in short order to only seven categories ( Type I - VII ) . This simplified typology was then slightly expanded by Oakeshott by the addition of two transitional types into its current nine categories ( Type I - IX ) . From this basis , Oakeshott began work on his own thirteen - category typology of the medieval sword ranging from Type X to Type XXII . What made Oakeshott ' s typology unique was that he was one of the first people either within or outside of Academia to seriously and systematically consider the shape and function of the blades of European Medieval swords as well as the hilt , which had been the primary criteria of previous scholars . His typology traced the functional evolution of European swords over a period of five centuries , starting with the late Iron Age Type X , and took into consideration many factors : the shape of blades in cross section , profile taper , fullering , whether blades were stiff and pointed for thrusting or broad and flexible for cutting and etc . This was a breakthrough . Oakeshott ' s books also dispelled many popular cliches about Western swords being heavy and clumsy , he listed the weights and measurements of many swords in his collection which have become the basis for further academic work as well as templates for the creation of high quality modern replicas . http : / / uk . youtube . com / watch ? v = Pe3NhaR - fSw
SM UB - 104 SM " UB - 104 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 March 1918 as SM " UB - 104 " . " UB - 104 " was sunk by mine in at the Northern Barrage on 19 September 1918 . Construction . She was built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction , launched at Hamburg on 1 September 1917 . " UB - 104 " was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 104 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 104 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 104 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Newman S . Clarke Newman S . Clarke was a career military officer in the United States army who served with distinction during the Mexican - American War . Clarke was born in Connecticut and served in the United States Army during the War of 1812 . At the outbreak of the Mexican - American War in 1846 , he was appointed colonel in the regular army . He commanded a brigade of regulars in General William J . Worth ' s division during the siege of Veracruz , being one of the first brigades to wade ashore . For his services at Veracruz , he was awarded with a brevet promotion to brigadier general of regulars . He continued leading his brigade at the battles of Cerro Gordo and Churubusco . He took a brief leave and command of the brigade went to his next in command , Lt . Col . James S . McIntosh . He was therefore not present at the bloody battle of Molino del Rey in which McIntosh was killed at the head of the brigade . The next officer to assume command of the brigade was also killed and the third commander of the brigade during the battle was severely wounded . Clarke returned to command in time for the assaults on Chapultepec and Mexico City . Clarke replaced John E . Wool in command of the Department of the Pacific in 1857 . Clarke inherited the task of dealing with the ongoing Yakima War , which had begun in 1855 . Responding to recent Indian attacks in southern Washington Territory , Clarke sent out a force of 600 troops under the command of George Wright , who had served with Clarke in Mexico . He also closed the territory to settlement . Wright defeated the Indians at the Battle of Four Lakes , but Clarke continued to keep settlers out . On September 13 , 1858 , Clarke took command of the Department of California one of the two Army Departments created to replace the Department of the Pacific while command of the department of Oregon was turned over to General William S . Harney . Clarke died a year later on October 17 , 1860 , while living in San Francisco , California .
Battle of Antioch ( 218 ) The Battle of Antioch ( June 8 , 218 ) took place between two Roman armies of the Roman Emperor Macrinus and his contender Elagabalus , whose troops were commanded by general Gannys . Elagabalus won and was crowned emperor . History . Macrinus became emperor in 217 after Caracalla was murdered by Justin Martialus while fighting the Parthians . Many people believe Macrinus was involved in this assassination . Macrinus was proclaimed emperor three days later by the troops in Parthia . Caracalla ' s mother , Julia Domna , and his aunt , Julia Maesa , were suspicious of Macrinus ' role in the death of Caracalla , and returned home to Syria . They championed the cause of Elagabalus , then aged 14 , who was Caracalla ' s cousin and who they passed off as his illegitimate son . Macrinus had fought an indecisive battle with the Parthians and signed an agreement with the Parthians that many people thought was unfavourable to Rome . Macrinus then made the mistake of cutting pay for the legionnaires . This prompted Legio III " Gallica " to hail Elagabalus as emperor on 16 May 218 . Other legionnaires soon joined Elagabalus ranks prompted by discontent over pay . Macrinus sent a cavalry force led by Ulpinus Julianus , but the cavalry killed Ulpinus and joined Elagabalus . Macrinus finally realised his mistake , abandoning his paycuts and delivering a bonus . His efforts were in vain as a whole legion ( II " Parthica " ) defected to the challenger and desertions and mutinies made his situation so bad that he had to retire to Antioch . General Gannys , the Commander of Elagabalus ' s forces , marched against him and Macrinus was decisively defeated just outside Antioch on 8 June 218 , with most of his forces abandoning him . Elagabalus became emperor while Macrinus fled , having shaved off his beard and hair to disguise himself as a member of the military police . Macrinus was recognised by a centurion at Chalcedon on the Bospurus , taken back to Antioch and killed .
BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa is a South African defence company and a subsidiary of BAE Systems Land Systems , itself part of BAE Systems Land and Armaments . BAE owns 75 % of the company , DGD Technologies owns the remaining 25 % . Land Systems South Africa is organised into three divisions : Land Systems OMC , Land Systems Gear Ratio , and Land Systems Dynamics . Land Systems OMC . Land Systems OMC is South Africa ' s primary military vehicle manufacturing company . OMC is the initialism under which the Olifant Manufacturing Company was most commonly known during its existence . It was established for the task of creating the Olifant tank for the South African Army . Early into its life it was taken over by Reunert , which subsequently turned it into a division called Reumech OMC . It was under this name that OMC saw its most prolific level of vehicle development , as the SA Army ' s involvement in the Border War in Angola created a massive need for ever more advanced and capable vehicles . Following South Africa ' s readmittance to the international arena following democratic elections in 1994 , a number of foreign defence industry companies expressed significant interest in purchasing the company . In 1999 Britain ' s Vickers purchased the company and renamed it Vickers OMC . This continued until Alvis plc , also of Britain , purchased Vickers ' defence division , including OMC . Alvis renamed the company to Alvis OMC . The most recent chapter in the company ' s history was written in 2004 , when BAE Systems purchased the military vehicle division of Alvis . OMC then became part of BAE Systems ' Land Systems , again undergoing a name change to Land Systems OMC . Land Systems Gear Ratio . Land Systems Gear Ratio manufacturers specialised geartrain products , primarily for military vehicles , but also for mining and earthmoving equipment , industrial machinery and traction locomotives . Land Systems Dynamics . On 16 April 2008 BAE Systems agreed to acquire IST Dynamics , a South African company based in Pretoria which specialises in the development of fire directing systems , remotely controlled turrets ; weapon stations and related fire control sub - systems ; products and fire control sub - systems - related training systems .
4th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery The 4th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery was a unit that served in the Union Army during the latter part of the American Civil War . It was formed from former Unattached Companies of Heavy Artillery raised by Massachusetts to serve the state and for the defenses of Washington , D . C . . History . In the late summer of 1864 , fourteen companies of heavy artillery were raised throughout Massachusetts for the purpose of coastal defense of the state . They were to be " unattached " , thus not part of a regiment , and sent to various military locations for a one - year term . They were numbered 17 through 30 , and were the Unattached Companies of Heavy Artillery . They encamped on Gallops Island in Boston Harbor , where they organized and were mustered in during latter part of August and into the first days of September 1864 . In September , they were ordered to Washington , DC for garrison duty in the forts surrounding the capital . The last companies to leave , the 29th and 30th , left on 26 Sept and 29 Oct , respectively . On 12 Nov 1864 , a War Department order consolidated 12 of the companies , numbered 17 through 28 , into one regiment , the 4th Regiment Massachusetts Heavy Artillery . Col William S King , formerly of the 35th Massachusetts Infantry , was put in command . They remained in Washington for the remainder of the war , until their mustering out on 17 June 1865 . 29th and 30th Unattached Companies . While the 17th through 28th Unattached Companies were combined into a single regiment , the 29th and 30th remained single units . They also served in garrisoning the forts around the capital until their time of mustering out on 16 June 1865 . The 29th , with 157 officers and enlisted men , lost 2 to disease , while the 30th lost none of their 150 volunteers . Complement . The regiment consisted of 72 officers and 1757 enlisted men , 21 of them dying by disease or accident .
R - 9 Desna The R - 9 ( NATO reporting name : SS - 8 Sasin ) was a two stage ICBM of the Soviet Union . Designed in 1959 and first tested in 1961 , the R - 9 was a great improvement over previous Soviet missile designs . The missile , capable of delivering a 3 , 500 lb ( 1600 kg ) payload about 6 , 000 nautical miles ( 11 , 000 km ) to an accuracy of 1 nautical mile ( 2 km ) , was not only very accurate , but was also far more tactically useful to the Soviet Union . Previous Soviet designs , fuelled with cryogenic LOX and kerosene , commonly took hours to fuel and launch . The R - 9 , on the other hand , could be launched 20 minutes from the time a launch order was given . Control system for this rocket has been designed by NPO " Electropribor " ( Kharkiv , Ukraine ) . First put into active service in 1964 , the R - 9 carried a 1 . 65 to 5 Mt warhead . Though the last Soviet missile to use cryogenic propellant , this design is one of the most widely deployed ICBMs to use cryogenic fuel . The initial stage of the two stage missile was a four - chambered closed cycle design developed by OKB - 456 ( later renamed to NPO Energomash ) . The second stage , connected by trusses to the first stage ( much like the modern Soyuz rocket ) was also four - chambered , but utilized open combustion chambers more suited to very high altitudes . This rocket engine was a product of the OKB - 154 design team . Guidance of the warhead , like most ICBMs before and after it , was totally inertial save the final ten seconds before detonation of the warhead , which was controlled by a radio - altimeter correction system . The initial design called for a mobile surface - launched system , but a changing cold war situation saw a silo - based R - 9 developed in tandem with the ground - based system . The ground - based system , however , would never achieve the hoped - for mobility of the initial design parameters . In total , three launch sites were constructed , but only two were used . " Desna - V " , the silo launch area , consisted of three underground silos with the ability to launch the R - 9 within 20 minutes , and the ability to store the missile in an unfuelled ready condition for one year . " Valley " , the first of two above - ground launch sites , was mostly automated and could fire the R - 9 within 20 minutes as well , and repeat the process within two and a half hours . The final launch site , " Desna - N " , was also an above - ground site , but was never stocked with R - 9s as the site was not automated and needed at least two hours to launch a single missile . In 1971 the above - ground R - 9 launch sites were decommissioned , and by 1976 all R - 9 missiles had been decommissioned . History . SS - 8 Sasin is a NATO reporting name that was mistakenly applied to two different Soviet missile systems . The designation was accidentally applied to the R - 26 when an example of that missile was revealed in a parade . However , the R - 26 program had already been cancelled and no new designation was given by NATO for the R - 26 once the error was discovered .
Air Operations Control Station Nieuw - Milligen The Air Operations Control Station Nieuw - Milligen ( AOCS NM ) of the Royal Netherlands Air Force is located near Nieuw - Milligen ( in the municipality of Apeldoorn ) . It is home to : It is the air traffic control centre for all military air traffic in the Netherlands , as well as the centre for Air Battle Management , Air Surveillance , Fighter and SAM Control , and Alerting . Air traffic control and information service is also provided to civilian traffic operating within its airspace . AOCS NM uses " Dutch Mil " as its callsign for air traffic control services , and " Bandbox " as a callsign for the military Control and Reporting Centre ( CRC ) . The base started out as a small military airfield in 1913 and remained in use as such until 1940 , when it was destroyed by the Dutch military to prevent it from being used by the Germans . The runway was not rebuilt after the war , but there is a helipad , located on the north side of the base . The ICAO codes refer to the ATC and CRC units , not the helipad .