naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ryder Report ( Detention and Corrections in Iraq ) Ryder Report refers to the official report produced by an inquiry by U . S Provost Marshal General Donald Ryder into reports of abuse by American troops in Iraq . Ryder ' s report was completed on November 5 , 2003 . Among Ryder ' s recommendations was that the duties of the Military Police troops who guarded detainees should be kept strictly separated from those of the Military Intelligence troops who interrogated them . The Ryder report remains classified .
Alexander Hamilton Jr . Alexander Hamilton Jr ( May 16 , 1786 - August 2 , 1875 ) was the third child and the second son to Alexander Hamilton . He graduated from Columbia University several weeks after his father was killed in a duel in 1804 . He was invited to be an apprentice attorney in Stephen Higginson ' s Boston law firm and later became a lawyer . He fought in the Duke of Wellington ' s army then returned to America to fight in the War of 1812 as an infantry captain . He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1819 . He also represented Eliza Jumel during the time she was divorcing her unfaithful husband Aaron Burr . U . S . Attorney James Alexander Hamilton was his brother . Alexander Hamilton also corresponded with President Abraham Lincoln regarding Gen . George McClellan ' s Peninsular Campaign during the American Civil War . Hamilton encouraged Lincoln to not press McClellan for quick results during his careful and ultimately unsuccessful siege of Richmond , Virginia ( History channel " The Civil War Today " app - letter dated 11 June 1862 from New York ) . He references his time with Wellington as authority to judge military strategy .
13th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 13th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 13th West Virginia was organized at Pt . Pleasant and Barboursville in western Virginia in October , 1862 . The 13th West Virginia was mustered out on June 22 , 1865 . Casualties . The 13th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment suffered four Officers and 57 enlisted men killed in battle or died from wounds , and one officer and 108 enlisted men dead from disease for a total of 170 fatalities .
Equipment operator Equipment operator ( abbreviated as EO ) is a United States Navy occupational rating . Equipment operators perform tasks involving deployment and operation of automotive , materials handling , weight lifting and construction equipment ; direct and coordinate efforts of individuals and crews in execution of construction , earth ‑ moving , roadbuilding , quarrying , asphalt batching and paving , concrete batch plant operations , concrete paving and transit mixer operation assignments ; maintain records and reports on mobile and stationary equipment and organize and supervise automotive and construction equipment pools ; maintain individual combat readiness and perform tasks required in combat and disaster preparedness or recovery operations . At the master chief petty officer level , equipment operator merges with the construction mechanic rating . At this level , they are referred to as a master chief equipmentman ( EQCM ) .
SdKfz 4 The SdKfz 4 Gleisketten - Lastkraftwagen ( " chain - track truck " ) , was a 4 . 5 - tonne military truck of " Maultier " ( " mule " ) half - track family developed during World War II by Germany . Its manufacturer designation was Mercedes - Benz L4500R . Development . The SdKfz 4 was developed after the 1941 invasion of the USSR to deal with the ice and mud , which bogged down the road - bound commercial vehicles that were used to supply German forces . It was modified Standard Mercedes - Benz L4500S ( 4x2 ) with Horstmann suspension instead of back axle . Another manufacturer of 4 . 5 - t truck , Büssing planned similar conversion of its Büssing - NAG L4500S , but didn ' t proceeded . A total of 22 , 500 Maultier halftracks were produced by 1944 , among which 1480 were 4 . 5 - t . SdKfz 4 , others — 2 - t . SdKfz 3 . In 1943 Opel was ordered to build armored vehicles outfitted with 15 cm " Panzerwerfer " 42 rocket launchers . These vehicles were designated SdKfz 4 / 1 , with around 300 produced . Given the extra weight of the Panzerwerfer , the top speed was only 24 mph ( 40 kph ) . The vast majority of Maultiers operated using British - pattern Carden - Loyd running gear , with the exception of the Type L4500R , which used PzKpfw . II running gear . The 6 - cylinder engines were mated to a transmission with 5 forward / 1 reverse gears and could attain a maximum forward speed of 40 km / h . Each halftrack was equipped with the FuG Spr G f radio . Aside from the SdKfz 4 / 1 , the SdKfz 4 was armed only with a light 7 . 92 mm MG34 or MG42 machine gun with a traverse of 270° and elevation limits of - 12° to + 80° .
Horace Lawson Hunley Horace Lawson Hunley ( June 20 , 1823 , Sumner County , Tennessee – October 15 , 1863 , Charleston , South Carolina ) , was a Confederate marine engineer during the American Civil War . He developed early hand - powered submarine s , the most famous of which was posthumously named for him , " H . L . Hunley " . Though he was born in Tennessee , Hunley ' s parents ( Louisa Harden Lawson and John Hunley ) relocated to New Orleans . Hunley served in the Louisiana State Legislature and practiced law in New Orleans . In 1861 , after the start of the American Civil War , Hunley joined James R . McClintock and Baxter Watson in building the submarine " Pioneer " . In order to prevent her capture , she had to be scuttle d when New Orleans fell to Union forces in early 1862 . After an unsuccessful attempt at building another submarine with McClintock and Watson , which ended in the vessel ' s sinking in Mobile Bay , Alabama , Hunley funded by himself a third submarine . The first submarine could supposedly reach 4 knots . Five men from the first crew of " H . L . Hunley " died during early tests when she was accidentally swamped by the wake of a passing ship through her open hatches ; four managed to escape . A second crew was recruited in Charleston . On October 15 , 1863 , though he was not part of the crew , Hunley decided to take command during a routine exercise . The vessel again sank , and this time all eight crew members were killed , including Hunley himself . The vessel was later raised and used again in the first successful sinking of an enemy vessel ( the USS Housatonic in 1864 ) by a submarine in naval history , but the submarine soon sank too . Horace L . Hunley was buried with full military honors at Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston , South Carolina , on November 8 , 1863 .
John E . Counts Dr . John E . Counts is the fourteenth president of Western New Mexico University , a position he held from November 1993 to June 2011 . He worked at the university as Professor of Management and Director of the Division of Business , Math and Computer Science for one year before becoming president .
Allyn K . Capron , Jr . Allyn Capron , Jr . ( 1871 – 1898 ) was an officer of the United States Army . Before Cuba . Capron was the son of Captain Allyn K . Capron , Sr . and his wife Agnes . The younger Capron married and , when the Spanish - American War broke out , raised a troop of Rough Riders from the Old West to serve as volunteer cavalry in Cuba . Battle and death . Capron ' s men were a troop of a regiment , commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood and Lieutenant Colonel ( later President ) Theodore Roosevelt . General William R . Shafter ' s corps of American soldiers arrived in Cuba after the declaration of war in 1898 , and Colonel Wood ordered Capron to take an advance guard up a hill at Las Guasimas . The farthest forward unit of Capron ' s troop , commanded by a Sergeant Hamilton Fish II , ran into some Spanish gunfire on the hill . Capron rode up and found a dead Cuban scout and Sergeant Fish lying in the middle of the road . Bringing up his troops and leading them into action , Capron was shot by a Spanish soldier . Brought to the rear by a Rough Rider , Capron died . He was highly praised by his commanders , including Roosevelt and was awarded a posthumous Silver Star in 1925 . His wife Lillian received the decoration .
Korean Service Medal The Korean Service Medal ( KSM ) is an award of the United States Armed Forces and was created in November 1950 by executive order of President Harry Truman . The Korean Service Medal is the primary United States medal for participation in the Korean War and is awarded to any U . S . service member , who performed duty in the Republic of Korea , between June 27 , 1950 and July 27 , 1954 . The United States Department of Defense declared thirteen official campaigns of the Korean War , all of which are annotated by service stars on the Korean Service Medal . Some campaigns apply to all branches of the U . S . military , while others are branch specific . Service stars are authorized to the Korean Service Medal for participation in the following campaigns . For those Army personnel who participated in the amphibious landing at Inchon , as well as airborne attacks on Sukch ' on - Such ' on and Musan , an arrowhead device is authorized in addition to campaign service stars . The Fleet Marine Force combat operation insignia is also authorized for Naval personnel who served with the Marine Corps at any time during the Korean War . Although an armistice ended combat operations in Korea on 27 July 1953 , the Korean Service Medal was issued until June 1954 due to the tense nature of the occupation and garrison duty immediately after the armistice , as well as the high possibility of a renewed attack by North Korea . After 1954 , the Korean Service Medal was no longer issued although the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal was authorized for Korean service in the 1960s . As of 2004 , a new medal known as the Korea Defense Service Medal was authorized for all post - Korean War service in the Republic of Korea . The color scheme of the ribbon is derived from the Flag of the United Nations , as it was under the auspices of the United Nations ( United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 ) that the war was conducted . The medal itself features a " Korean gateway , " most likely an iljumun . The United Nations Korea Medal was usually granted along with the Korean Service Medal . Also , a similar award to the Korean Service Medal , known as the Korean War Service Medal , is a foreign medal of South Korea and is awarded to any United States service member who received the Korean Service Medal . The Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation is also retroactively authorized to any United States Army veteran who served during the Korean War .
Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum Field Marshal Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum ( April 1 , 1646 - Donauwörth , July 8 , 1704 ) , count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst , sovereign lord zu Gemen , was the son of Adolf Ernst of Limburg Stirum and an imperial Field Marshal . He inherited the immediate lordship of Gemen in 1675 , being 18 years after the death of his father during which the regency on Gemen was exercised by his mother Isabella countess von Vehlen und Meggen zu Raesfeld . The reason for the regency is not known . On 15 September 1700 , a decision by the Courts confirmed its succession right over Gemen . Military career . He served in a Bayreuth regiment . In 1678 he was named comandant of an imperial regiment . After his nomination as General - Major in 1684 he distinguished himself several times in the wars against the Turcs . He became Field Marshal in 1696 . in 1701 he fought in the War of the Spanish Succession in the service of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I against France and Bavaria . In 1703 , he lost the Battle of Höchstädt against the French - Bavarian forces under General Villars . In 1704 , he led the second assault on enemy positions in the Battle of Schellenberg and was mortally wounded . He died a few days later . Marriage and children . He married in 1678 Charlotte Amalie countess von Vehlen und Meggen zu Raesfeld ( born 1662 , died 1718 ) . They had six children :
80th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 80th Reserve Division ( " 80 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed at the end of December 1914 and organized over the next month , arriving in the line in early February 1915 . It was part of the second large wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I , which were numbered the 75th through 82nd Reserve Divisions . The division was initially part of XXXX Reserve Corps . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was mixed in recruitment . The 264th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from Thuringia , and was described as a Saxe - Altenburg regiment . The 265th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Schwerin . The 266th was also formed in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Schwerin , but reportedly included recruits from Mecklenburg - Strelitz , Pomerania and other areas . The 34th Reserve Infantry Regiment , which replaced the 265th in 1915 , was from West Prussia . Combat chronicle . The 80th Reserve Division initially fought on the Eastern Front , seeing its first action in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes . In 1915 , it fought in the siege of Kovno and the battles on the Neman River and at Vilnius . From October 1915 to December 1916 , the division was engaged in positional warfare , and fought in battles along Lake Narač , after which it was transferred to the Western Front . It was in reserve and then engaged in positional warfare in Flanders and the Artois until April 1917 , when it fought in the Battle of Arras . Later in 1917 , it fought in the Battle of Passchendaele and resisted the French offensive at Verdun . The division participated in the German 1918 Spring Offensive , fighting in the First Battle of the Somme ( 1918 ) , also called the Second Battle of the Somme ( to distinguish it from the 1916 battle ) . It later resisted various Allied counteroffensives , including the Oise - Aisne Offensive and the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . Allied intelligence rated the division as third class . Order of battle on formation . The 80th Reserve Division , like the other divisions of its wave and unlike earlier German divisions , was organized from the outset as a triangular division . The order of battle of the division on December 29 , 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on March 29 , 1918 . The most significant wartime structural change in the divisions of this wave was the reduction from two field artillery regiments to one . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and the enlargement of combat engineer support to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on March 29 , 1918 was as follows :
Koules Fortress The Koules ( , from , " Tower , Fort " ) is an isolated Venetian - era fortress at the entrance to the Old Port of Heraklion , Crete , Greece . It was known to the Venetians by its Italian name " Rocca al Mare " .
Global Area Reference System The Global Area Reference System ( GARS ) is a standardized geospatial reference system developed by the National Geospatial - Intelligence Agency ( NGA ) for use across the United States Department of Defense . Under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction CJCSI 3900 . 01C dated 30 June 2007 , GARS was adopted for use by the US DoD as " the “ area - centric ” counterpart to the “ point - centric ” MGRS " . It uses the WGS 1984 Datum and is based on lines of longitude ( LONG ) and latitude ( LAT ) . It is intended to provide an integrated common frame of reference for joint force situational awareness to facilitate air - to - ground coordination , deconfliction , integration , and synchronization . This area reference system provides a common language between the components and simplifies communications . GARS is primarily designed as a battlespace management tool and not to be used for navigation or targeting .
Darwan Singh Negi Darwan Singh Negi VC ( November 1881 – 24 June 1950 ) was among the earliest Indian recipients of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was approximately 33 years old , and a Naik in the 1st Battalion , 39th Garhwal Rifles , British Indian Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC , the citation was published in a supplement to the " London Gazette " of 4 December 1914 ( dated 7 December 1914 ) , and read : He retired at the rank of Subedar . His Victoria Cross is held by his family .
Siege of Montauban The Siege of Montauban ( French : Siège de Montauban ) was a siege accomplished by the young French king Louis XIII from August to November 1621 , against the Protestant stronghold of Montauban . This siege followed the Siege of Saint - Jean - d ' Angély , in which Louis XIII had succeeded against Rohan ' s brother Benjamin de Rohan , duc de Soubise . Despite a strength of about 25 , 000 men , Louis XIII was unable to capture the city of Montauban , and he had to raise the siege and abandon after 2 months . After a lull , Louis XIII resumed his campaign with the Siege of Montpellier , which ended in stalemate , leading to the 1622 Peace of Montpellier , which temporarily confirmed the right of the Huguenots in France . The city would be finally captured in 1629 , in the Redition of Montauban .
Stinson Voyager The Stinson Voyager was a 1940s American light utility monoplane built by the Stinson Aircraft Company . Development . First developed as the Stinson Model 105 in 1939 it was a high - wing three - seat braced monoplane powered by either a 75 hp Continental A - 75 or a 80 hp Continental A - 80 - 6 . This was developed into the Model 10 powered by a Continental A - 80 piston engine . The Model 10 introduced a wider cabin as well as improved standards of interior and finish . The Model 10 was followed by the Model 10A powered by a Franklin 4AC - 99 engine and the Model 10B with a Lycoming GO - 145 . Six Model 10As were evaluated by the United States Army as the YO - 54 , the successful testing led to an order for a slightly larger and heavier O - 62 , later designated the L - 5 Sentinel . A number of Model 105s and Model 10As were impressed into Army service as the AT - 19 ( later L - 9 ) . After the Second World War the type was developed as the Model 108 , the prototypes being converted Model 10As .
USS O ' Callahan ( FF - 1051 ) USS " O ' Callahan " ( FF - 1051 ) was a U . S . Navy " Garcia " class destroyer escort , later reclassified as a frigate . She was named for Chaplain Lieutenant Commander Joseph T . O ' Callahan , a Medal of Honor recipient for his rescue of crewmen on the aircraft carrier " Franklin " ( CV - 13 ) after it was hit and severely damaged by enemy bombs . History . The " O ' Callahan " was laid down on 19 February 1964 at the Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City , Michigan and was launched on 20 October 1965 . She was sponsored by Chaplain O ' Callahan ' s sister , Sister Rose Marie O ' Callahan of the Philippines Maryknoll College , the first nun to sponsor a U . S . Navy ship . She was commissioned on 13 July 1968 at the Boston Naval Shipyard , Boston , Massachusetts , with Captain Robert L . Brown commanding . On 16 August 1968 , after her fitting - out at Boston , " O ' Callahan " departed for her homeport of San Diego , California . En route she called at Norfolk , Virginia ; Charleston , South Carolina ; and Fort Lauderdale , Florida . She stood out of San Diego on 1 October for twenty five days of electronics and weapons systems tests off the Pacific Northwest , then commenced shakedown on 4 November . After at - sea training operations off the Hawaiian Islands from 6 through 17 February 1969 , she entered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard on 4 March for post - shakedown availability through mid - May . She then conducted further training operations out of San Diego in preparation for her first deployment to the Western Pacific . On 30 June 1975 " O ' Callahan " was reclassified as a frigate and given the designation FF - 1051 . " O ' Callahan " served until 31 May 1989 , when she was decommissioned and leased to Pakistan . However , following Pakistan ' s refusal to halt its nuclear weapon s program , the lease was cancelled in 1994 . She was returned to United States custody at Singapore on 19 August 1994 and stricken from the Navy Register the same day . On 9 September she was transferred to the Maritime Administration and sold to Trusha Investments Pte . Ltd , c / o Jacques Pierot , Jr . & Sons , Inc . , of New York City for over $ 600 , 000 . She was then towed to Hong Kong and scrapped .
Sharashka Sharashka ( sometimes Sharaga or Sharazhka , , ) was an informal name for secret research and development laboratories in the Soviet Gulag labor camp system . Etymologically , the word " sharashka " is derived from a Russian slang expression " sharashkina kontora " ( " Sharashka ' s office " , possibly from the radical meaning " to beat about " ) , an ironic , derogatory term to denote a poorly organized , impromptu , or bluffing organization . Official name was " ОКБ " that is " Опытное конструкторское бюро " that can be translated as " Experimental Design Bureau " . The scientists and engineers at a " sharashka " were prisoners picked from various camps and prisons and assigned to work on scientific and technological problems for the state . Living conditions were usually much better than in an average " taiga " camp , especially bearing in mind the absence of hard labor . The results of the research in " sharashkas " were usually published under the names of prominent Soviet scientists without credit given to the real authors , whose names frequently have been forgotten . Some of the brilliant scientists and engineers imprisoned in " sharashkas " were released during and after World War II , continuing independent careers and becoming world - famous , such as Léon Theremin . History . In 1934 Leonid Ramzin and other engineers sentenced in the Industrial Party Trial were formed into a special design bureau under State Political Directorate ( GPU ) , which was then the Soviet secret police . In 1938 , Lavrenty Beria , a senior NKVD official , created the Department of Special Design Bureaus at the NKVD USSR ( Отдел особых конструкторских бюро НКВД СССР ) . In 1939 , the unit was renamed the Special Technical Bureau at the NKVD USSR ( Особое техническое бюро НКВД СССР ) and placed under the leadership of General Valentin Kravchenko , under Beria ' s immediate supervision . In 1941 it received a secret name , the 4th Special Department of the NKVD USSR ( 4 - й спецотдел НКВД СССР ) . In 1949 , the scope of " sharaskas " significantly increased . Previously the work done there was of military and defense character . The MVD Order № 001020 dated November 9 , 1949 decreed installation of " Special technical and design bureaus " for a wide variety of " civilian " research and development , particularly in the " remote areas of the Union " . The 4th Special Department was disbanded in 1953 when , shortly after Stalin ' s death , Nikita Khrushchev had Beria arrested for espionage and executed . Modern usage of the term . Currently " sharaga " is a commonly used students ' slang word meaning " College " or " University " .
31st Infantry Division Calabria The 31st Infantry Division Calabria was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Calabria " Division was part of the garrison at Sardinia where it remained until it surrendered to the Allies after the Italian surrender in September 1943 . The Division would then serve on the Allied side until the end of the war . Commander . General Riccardo Pentimalli
Shoreham - class sloop The " Shoreham " - class sloops were a class of eight warships of the Royal Navy built in the early 1930s . Developed from the " Bridgewater " - class sloop s , with a longer hull , the " Shoreham " - class sloops were laid down between 1929 and 1931 at Chatham and Devonport Naval Dockyards .