naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Miranshah airstrike The Miranshah airstrike took place on Friday 12 September 2008 in Miranshah in North Waziristan in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) in Pakistan . It was part of a series of attacks targeting presumed militants , and was carried out by a United States Air Force drone aircraft . It took advantage of the power vacuum in Pakistan , following the fall of Pervez Musharraf on 18 August 2008 . The missiles hit two buildings – in one three women and two children were killed , and in the other seven Taliban militants died . President George W . Bush had two months prior to this attack issued a classified order authorizing US raids against militants in Pakistan without prior approval from Islamabad . Missile strikes have traditionally provoked an outpouring of public resentment that Musharraf ' s political opponents used to help drive him from power . Many of those opponents are now seated in the new government – giving it broader political support and fewer high - profile critics . The attack came at the same time as American and international troops was fighting Taliban and al - Qaeda militants close by in neighboring Afghanistan . The upsurge in strikes alarmed Pakistani military and government officials , who said it seriously undermined their counter - insurgency operations . Pakistan had repeatedly stated , that it would not allow foreign forces onto its territory and that it would vigorously protect its sovereignty . It said that cross border raids were not the best way of fighting the " war against terror " .
Elymais Elymais or Elamais ( Ἐλυμαΐς , Graecized form of the more ancient name , Elam ) was a semi - independent state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD , frequently a vassalary under Parthian control , and located at the head of the Persian Gulf in the present - day region of Khuzestan , Iran ( Susiana ) . It was reportedly these people were great archers and natives of Susa , which lies to the east of Elymais territory . Most of the Elymais were probably descendants of the ancient Elamites , who once had control of that area in the past . The provinces of Elymais were Massabatice ( later Masabadhan ) , Corbiane and Gabiane . Nothing is known of their language , even though " Elamite " was still used by the Achaemenid Empire 250 years before the Elymais came into existence . A number of Aramaic inscriptions are found in Elymais . The kingdom of Elymais survived until its extinction by Sassanid invasion in early 3rd century AD . It is also reported in 2 Maccabees that the priests of the temple of Nanea , which is located in Susa , tricked Antiochus IV Epiphanes and murdered him by throwing rocks on him and dismembering him ( 2Macc 1 : 10 – 17 ) . Coinage . The coins depicted a king ; it isn ' t known whether this was a Parthian king or a local ruler as such information hasn ' t come to light through any means . But these coins were based on Greek standards , of debased Drachm s and Tetradrachm s . The royal picture is generally based on " Parthian " coinage , usually with an anchor with star in crescent figure , but the reverse has only horizontal lines ( this has led numismatists to believe that the engraver s didn ' t know Greek or copied from coins whose writing was already unintelligible ) . Kings of Elymais . List of rulers
Army School of Bagpipe Music and Highland Drumming The Army School of Bagpipe Music and Highland Drumming is a British Army training establishment that provides instructions of Scottish bagpipe music to military pipers , drummers and pipe bands . History . Founded in 1910 as the Army School of Piping ( later renamed the Army School of Bagpipe Music ) , the School is located at Inchdrewer House near Redford Barracks in Edinburgh , Scotland and is administered by the Infantry Training Centre , it is also affiliated with the Corps of Army Music . Generally regarded as the smallest unit in the British Army , the School is now commanded by a Director who is a qualified army Pipe Major and who usually holds the rank of Captain or Major ( usually being commissioned from Warrant Officer rank on appointment ) . The Director is assisted by a Chief Instructor , who is the Senior Pipe Major of the British Army . The School provides courses at different levels to pipers and drummers of the British Armed Forces throughout the year , and qualified instructors are drawn from the pipes and drums of various units in the British Army . The School accepts students from Commonwealth armed forces , but not civilians . It has in the past provided instruction to various police band members , but this has not taken place for a number of years . The School forms part of the Piping and Drumming Qualifications Board , which is a collaboration among the Piobaireachd Society , the Royal Scottish Pipe Band Association , the College of Piping , and the Piping Centre . Together , the Institute sets a standardised piping certificate program for students from around the world . See also . Music schools in Scotland
Springer ( tank ) The Springer ( complete name : Mittlerer Ladungsträger Springer , Sd . Kfz . 304 ) was a demolition vehicle of the German Wehrmacht in World War II . Description . Based on the well - known NSU Kettenkrad , the NSU Werke AG at Neckarsulm , Germany , developed and built around 50 Springer demolition vehicles in the final year of World War II . To make the vehicle capable of carrying a bigger payload without the motorcycle - style front fork , two pairs of overlapping and interleaved road wheels were added to the aft end of the running gear on each side . This resulted in the Springer having three outer and three inner running wheels . It was powered by the Opel Olympia engine , which was also used for the Kettenkrad . The Springer was a demolition vehicle . Its task was to carry a charge of 330 kg high explosives under armor protection into a target and detonate it there . A driver , who could sit in the back of the Springer , drove the vehicle close to the target . The final approach and the detonation of the charge was controlled by a wired or wireless remote control device . The Springer showed the same problems as other remote - controlled demolition vehicles : They were expensive and they were not very reliable . As the explosive charge was an integral part of the vehicle , it could be used only once . Survivors . An NSU Springer is displayed at the Bovington Tank Museum , UK . Another example is preserved at the " Association pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine Historique et Militaire " ( ASPHM ) , near Strasbourg , in France .
USS Lowell ( SP - 504 ) USS " Lowell " ( SP - 504 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel and minesweeper in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Lowell " was built as a commercial steam lighter of the same name in 1909 by Verdin ' s Yard at Staten Island , New York . In 1917 she was rebuilt as a steam tug by Shewan ’ s Dry Dock Company at Brooklyn , New York . The U . S . Navy acquired " Lowell " under charter from her owner , Neptune Line , Inc . , of New York City , on 29 September 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel and minesweeper . The Navy took control of her and commissioned her the same day at Tompkinsville on Staten Island as USS " Lowell " ( SP - 504 ) with Chief Boatswain s Mate H . H . Graves , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Lowell " operated out of New York Harbor for the remainder of World War I as a dispatch boat and harbor patrol craft . In addition , she operated as a minesweeper and swept for naval mine s in the The Narrows and off southern Long Island . After the war , " Lowell " was decommissioned on 16 May 1919 and was returned to the Neptune Line the same day .
Principality of Regensburg The Principality of Regensburg ( ) was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire and the Confederation of the Rhine which existed between 1803 and 1810 . Its capital was the city of Regensburg , now in Bavaria , Germany . The principality was created for Karl Theodor von Dalberg , the Prince - Primate of the Empire and the former Archbishop of Mainz , due to the annexation of Mainz itself by the French under the Treaty of Lunéville . Most of the new principality consisted of the territory of the old Prince - Bishopric of Regensburg , which had been founded in 739 by St Boniface . The principality also included the Lordships of Donaustauf , Wörth , and Hohenburg , the imperial city of Regensburg , St . Emmeram ' s Abbey , and the abbeys Obermünster and Niedermünster . Dalberg also retained the Principality of Aschaffenburg along the Main River . Dalberg received the electoral dignity previously accorded to the Electorate of Mainz ; his new principality has thus been known in German as " Kurfürstentum Regensburg " ( " Electorate of Regensburg " ) . Because the archiepiscopal status of Mainz had also been transferred to the Regensburg diocese , the principality has also been known in English as the Archbishopric of Regensburg . Because of Bavarian claims on Regensburg , Dalberg was not installed as archbishop until 1 February 1805 . The principality lost its status as an electorate in 1806 with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and became part of the Confederation of the Rhine later that year . The Napoleonic code was introduced in 1809 . During the War of the Fifth Coalition , Austrian troops occupied Regensburg on 20 April 1809 ; it was shelled and stormed by French troops three days later . In the Treaty of Paris , Dalberg conceded Regensburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria , which formally incorporated the city on 22 May 1810 . In return for conceding Regensburg , Dalberg was granted Hanau and Fulda , which he combined with the Principality of Aschaffenburg to create the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Although he had lost the Principality of Regensburg , Dalberg retained the title of Archbishop of Regensburg until his death in 1817 , after which time the archbishopric was downgraded to a suffragan diocese of Munich and Freising .
Iwasaki Castle History . In an attempt to protect his eastern borders , Oda Nobuhide built Iwasaki Castle in the early 16th century . The castle changed hands in 1529 , when Matsudaira Kiyoyasu seized it and made the castle headquarters for the Matsudaira clan . Kiyoyasu ' s son , Matsudaira Hirotada , moved his residence elsewhere after Kiyoyasu was assassinated in 1535 by one of his retainers , Abe Masatoyo . Niwa Ujikiyo was placed in control of the castle and his descendents continued to rule out of it until Battle of Iwasaki Castle in 1584 . The Battle of Iwasaki was part of the larger Battle of Komaki and Nagakute , and during the battle the castle was besieged and taken by the Toyotomi clan ' s forces led by Ikeda Tsuneoki . The garrison , led by Niwa Ujitsugu , suffered numerous casualties including 300 killed , Ujitsugu ' s brother Niwa Ujishige being among the dead . The castle was abandoned and destroyed after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 . Today . The castle is now located in a two - hectare park . Parts of the castle lie in ruins , including the remains of a well and a turret ( " yagura " ) which were discovered during archeological digs . The keep , or " tenshu " , was reconstructed in 1987 out of concrete and holds a museum about the history of the castle .
RUR - 4 Weapon Alpha The RUR - 4 " Weapon Alpha " ( originally " Weapon Able " ) was an American naval ahead - throwing ASW rocket launcher . It was designed between 1946 to 1950 and was installed on warships from 1951 to 1969 . It was designed to attack enemy submarines without requiring the attacking ship to be located directly above the submarine being attacked . Similar to the earlier American Mousetrap , 375mm ( 14 . 8 " ) Swedish Bofors , and 250mm ( 9 . 8 " ) and 300mm ( 11 . 8 " ) Soviet systems , all of which use multiple rockets , Weapon Alpha was developed toward the end of World War II , in response to the German Type XXI U - boat . Begun in a crash program in 1944 - 5 and put in service before undergoing operational evaluation , it emerged in 1950 as a 227 kg ( 500 lb ) 127mm ( 5 " ) rocket with a 113 kg ( 250 lb ) warhead that sank at 12 m / s ( 40 ft / s ) ( compared to a depth charge , which sank at between 2 . 7 – 5 m / s { 8 . 9 - 16 . 5 ft / s } ) , an influence or time pistol , and a range of 360 - 730m ( 400 - 800yd ) . Coupled to the new SQG - 1 depth - finding sonar ( for setting the time fuse , rather than the hydrostatic pistol of a depth charge ) , it was to be fired from a revolving Mark 108 launcher ( with 22 rounds of ready ammunition ) at up to twelve rounds " per " minute . The ready - service magazine could not be reloaded while Weapon Alpha was in use . Large , complex , expensive , and unreliable , Weapon Alpha was made obsolete by Soviet Navy submarines ( such as the Whiskey - class ) that incorporated design features of the advanced Type XXIs , and it was mainly replaced by the more reliable Hedgehog . Nonetheless , Weapon Alpha remained in service through the 1960s until supplanted by ASROC .
Gorrie Airfield Gorrie Airfield was a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) airfield , north of Larrimah , Northern Territory , Australia during World War II . The establishment at Gorrie comprised over 6 , 000 RAAF personnel responsible for aircraft and vehicle maintenance for the RAAF and United States Army Air Forces . A large petrol storage and bomb dump were constructed as part of the airfield . The remains of the runway and many of the buildings and structures are still visible .
Battery " A " , 1st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery Battery " A " , 1st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery , originally known as " Smith ' s Chicago Light Artillery , " was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " A " was mustered into service at Chicago , Illinois on April 17 , 1861 for three months state service . The battery was reorganized for three years Federal service as Battery " A " on July 16 , 1861 . The battery was mustered out on July 3 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The battery lost 15 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 22 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 37 fatalities .
Shi Yunsheng Shi Yunsheng ( ; born 1940 in Fushun , Liaoning ) is a general of the People ' s Liberation Army of the People ' s Republic of China . He was the fifth Navy commander of PLA ( 1996 - 2003 ) . He was the commander of air force of South Sea Fleet , and was promoted to vice commander of air force of Navy in 1990 . Two years later , he was promoted to vice commander of PLA Navy . In November 1996 , he was appointed as commander in chief of the entire PLA Navy . This was followed by a promotion to full admiral in 2000 to reflect his status . He was removed from the post after the incident of # 361 conventional submarine in May 2003 . After that , he was completely retired . Shi was a member of 15th and 16th Central Committees of Communist Party of China .
Diogenes of Judea Diogenes was a soldier in the service of the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus ( 103 - 76 BCE ) . He appears in Josephus ' s work Antiquities of the Jews . In revenge for the support of certain Pharisees for Demetrius III of Syria ' s invasion of Judea , Diogenes advised Alexander to crucify 800 Pharisee scholars and murder their families before their eyes . Graetz and others , using 5 Maccabees as their source , identified Diogenes as a Sadducee . Following Alexander ' s death , his widow and successor Salome Alexandra , probably at the urging of her brother Simeon ben Shetach , had Diogenes put to death .
Battery " C " 1st Regiment Michigan Light Artillery The Battery " C " Michigan Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " C " was organized at Grand Rapids , Michigan between November 23 and December 17 , 1861 . The battery was mustered into Federal service on November 28 , 1861 . The battery was mustered out on June 22 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . Over its existence , the battery carried a total of 235 men on its muster rolls . The battery lost 3 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 34 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 37 fatalities .
John Ward ( RAF officer ) John Ward ( 1921 – 1995 ) was a Royal Air Force ( RAF ) officer ( Flight Lieutenant ) , an ex - POW , and a member of the Polish resistance Armia Krajowa ( Home Army ) in occupied Poland of Second World War . Ward was born in the Birmingham suburb of Ward End and joined the RAF in 1937 , aged 18 , as a wireless operator . Shot down by the Germans in the early phase of the war ( in 1940 ) , he escaped the POW camp in April 1941 and joined the Polish resistance . In the resistance , he was tasked with facilitating communication between the British government and the Polish underground . In the period of 1941 - 1945 , he prepared 64 eyewitness reports of the fighting , and became a war correspondent ( behind enemy lines ) for London ' s The Times . Ward participated in activities of the clandestine radio station " Błyskawica " ( Lighting ) of Polish resistance during the Warsaw Uprising , airing the English - language broadcasts , in addition to contributing over 100 reports during the Uprising . He was lightly wounded during the uprising , and received Polish Cross of Valour . He fought with the Polish resistance after the fall of the Uprising , until May 1945 , when he revealed himself to the Soviet forces . He died in 1995 .
Zachary Lemnios Zachary J . Lemnios ( born February 21 , 1955 ) is an American scientist who formerly held the post of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering ( ASD ( R & E ) ) , which used to be known as Director , Defense Research and Engineering ( DDR & E ) , in the United States Government . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 19 , 2009 , and sworn in as on July 2 , 2009 . On November 20 , 2012 he was reported to have submitted his resignation letter to President Obama . On November 30 , 2012 he left Pentagon and joined IBM . Biography . Mr . Lemnios received his BSEE from the University of Michigan and his MSEE from Washington University in St . Louis in 1979 . Other achievements . He has authored over 40 papers , holds 4 patents in advanced Gallium arsenide device and MMIC technology and is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . Mr . Lemnios is a Principal member , Committee on Technology of the National Science and Technology Council ; Advisor , Defense Acquisition Board ; Chairman , Radiation Hardened Oversight Council ( RHOC ) ; Chairman , Defense Science and Technology Advisory Group ( DSTAG ) ; Chairman , Armed Services Biomedical Research Evaluation and Management Committee ; Chairman , DoD Combat Feeding Research and Engineering Board ( CFREB ) ; and Chairman , DoD Biometrics Executive Committee . Before assuming the position of ASD ( R & E ) , Mr . Lemnios was the Chief Technology Officer of MIT Lincoln Laboratory , responsible for coordinating technology strategy across the organization and for establishing and growing external strategic relationships to support current and future Laboratory missions . He also served as Assistant Division Head of the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Solid State Division , as a member of the Laboratory ' s Senior Management Council and as the Co - Chair of the Laboratory ' s New Technology Initiative ( NTI ) Board . Personal life . Between 2002 and 2005 , while at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) , Mr . Lemnios was Director of the Microsystems Technology Office ( MTO ) , and previous to that , the Deputy Director of the Information Processing Technology Office ( IPTO ) . In these positions , he oversaw the development of future research thrusts , analyzed and evaluated program proposals and engagements with commercial , academic organizations and represented DARPA on various national committees . Mr . Lemnios also held various positions within industry at Hughes Aircraft Company , Westinghouse Electric Corporation and Ford Microelectronics , Inc . that led to the development and demonstration of advanced microelectronic components . He has served on numerous DoD , industry and academic committees . Mr . Lemnios has been nominated by the Department of Defense to be one of the USA Science and Engineering Festival ' s Nifty Fifty Speakers who will speak about his work and career to middle and high school students in October 2010 . Honorable Lemnios although American , is of Greek descent and has had a lasting impression in the Greek Community of his hometown of Lexington , Massachusetts
Fizzle ( nuclear test ) In nuclear weapon s , a fizzle occurs when the testing of a nuclear bomb grossly fails to meet its expected yield . The reason ( s ) for the failure can be linked to improper bomb design , poor construction , or lack of expertise . All countries that have had a nuclear weapons testing program have experienced fizzles . A fizzle can spread radioactive material throughout the surrounding area , involve a partial fission reaction of the fissile material , or both . For practical purposes , a fizzle can still have considerable explosive yield when compared to conventional weapons . Fusion boosting . If a deuterium - tritium mixture is placed at the center of the device to be compressed and heated by the fission explosion , a fission yield of 250 tons is sufficient to cause D - T fusion releasing high - energy fusion neutron s which will then fission much of the remaining fission fuel . This is known as a boosted fission weapon . If a fission device designed for boosting is tested without the boost gas , a yield in the sub - kiloton range may indicate a successful test that the device ' s implosion and primary fission stages are working as designed , though of course this does not test the boosting process itself . Terrorist concerns . One month after the September 11 , 2001 attacks , a CIA informant known as " Dragonfire " reported that al - Qaeda had smuggled a low - yield nuclear weapon into New York City . Although the report was found to be false , concerns were expressed that a " fizzle bomb " capable of yielding a fraction of the known 10 kiloton weapons could cause “ horrific ” consequences , and that it could kill thousands .
Curtain wall ( fortification ) A curtain wall is the defensive wall surrounding the bailey of a medieval castle . It can also be a defensive wall between two bastion s of a castle or fortress in post - medieval fortifications . In earlier designs of castles the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult . Later with the introduction of trace italienne fortifications the height of the curtain walls was reduced and beyond the ditch additional outwork s such as ravelin s and tenaille s were added to protect the curtain walls from direct cannonading .
Harry James Lowe , Jr . Harry James Lowe , Jr ( 6 January 1922 in Paducah , Kentucky – 12 November 1942 near Solomon Islands ) , decorated seaman , in the United States Navy . Navy career . " Lowe " entered naval service as a seaman apprentice 28 August 1940 . Awarded the Navy Cross . He served in from 6 December 1940 to 12 November 1942 , when he was killed in action off the Solomon Islands when he refused to abandon his gun in the face of an onrushing Japanese torpedo plane . For his extraordinary heroism , " Gunner ' s Mate Third Class Lowe " was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Namesake . was named in his honor . The ship was laid down by Consolidated Steel Corp . , Orange , Texas , 24 May 1943 ; launched 28 July 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Harry J . Lowe , mother ; and commissioned 22 November 1943 , Comdr . Reginald H . French , USCG , in command .