naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Taimei Maru ( 1936 ) Taimei Maru was a 2 , 883 ton transport ship of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . Built by Mitsubishi Jukogyo K . K . , Yokohama and launched in 1936 for Kinkai Yusen K . K . She was sold in 1939 to Nippon Yusen K . K . . She left Rabaul , New Britain on 1 March 1943 , as part of " Operation 81 " , carrying a cargo of troops , equipment , fuel , landing craft and ammunition for Lae , New Guinea . The convoy was attacked by aircraft of the United States Army Air Forces and Royal Australian Air Force from 2 March 1943 , known as the Battle of the Bismarck Sea . " Taimei Maru " was bombed on 3 March and sank at 07°15 ' S . , 148°30 ' E .
Maquis du Mont Mouchet The Maquis du Mont Mouchet were a group of French resistance fighters during the Second World War . Based at Mont Mouchet , its goal was to delay the convergence of German forces in the south of France with those in Normandy , in order to aid the Allies ( World War II ) in the reconquest of France . The Germans , having discovered the maquis , made several attacks up until May 1944 with about 3 , 000 men and using aviation and armoured units . The maquisards fought back fiercely . Little information is available on the German forces . Historians have identified some units : These were reinforced from : After several days of combat , the final German attack forced the maquisards to fall back and disperse . Out of revenge for their previous losses , the Germans pillaged several of the surrounding villages , including Clavières . In the course of the battles , the French Forces of the Interior sustained severe losses : 238 killed and 180 wounded as well as about 100 hostages executed by the Nazis .
Sir John Hope , 16th Baronet Lieutenant - Colonel Sir John Augustus Hope , 16th Baronet OBE ( 7 July 1869 - 17 April 1924 ) was a British soldier and politician . The son of Rev . Canon Charles Augustus Hope , Rector of Barwick in Elmet , Yorkshire , Hope entered the army in 1889 and was promoted to the rank of Major in 1905 . He served in South Africa in 1901 - 1902 and was awarded the Queen ' s medal with 4 clasps . He later served in World War I with the 9th Battalion King ' s Royal Rifle Corps , was wounded and awarded the OBE . In 1910 Hope married the Hon . Mary Bruce , OBE , eldest daughter of Alexander Bruce , 6th Lord Balfour of Burleigh . He succeeded his uncle in 1918 as 16th baronet . Hope was unsuccessful Unionist candidate for Midlothian at the December 1910 General Election , and was elected for the seat at a by - election in 1912 . In 1918 when the constituency was split , he was elected as Conservative member for Midlothian North and Peebles , which he held until 1922 . His son , Sir Archibald Hope ( 1912 – 1987 ) , 17th Baronet , commanded No . 601 Squadron RAF during the Battle of Britain .
Georg Schentke Georg ' Peterle ' Schentke ( 23 November 1919 – 25 December 1942 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Feldwebel Schentke served with 9 . / JG 3 from March 1940 . He participated in the Battle of France , where he earned his first victory . Schentke also served during the Battle of Britain claiming 3 more victories . He next took part in Operation Barbarossa , during 1941 , flying wingman to Major Walter Oesau , who was his " Gruppenkommandeur " of III . / JG 3 . After 34 victories , Oberfeldwebel Schentke received the Ritterkreuz on 4 September 1941 . From November , over the winter , III . / JG 3 was rotated from the front for recuperation , and including a short stint in Italy in January . Schentke briefly transferred to 2 . / JG 3 and flew escort missions for the transport planes flying in supplies to the Demyansk pocket . He then returned to 9 . / JG 3 and continued to score regularly . In late July 1942 , after 71 confirmed victories , Schentke was transferred to " Ergänzungsgruppe Süd " as an instructor , promoted to " Leutnant " and awarded the German Cross in Gold . He returned to the Eastern Front in November 1942 , joining 2 . / JG 3 . Schentke was part of the volunteer " Platzschutzstaffel " ( Airfield Defence squadron ) " Pitomnik " . Their job was to defend the besieged 6th Army airfields near Stalingrad and protect the vulnerable transports on the last leg of their flights into the pocket . Over 6 weeks , in heavy snows and fogs and often with only 2 or 3 Bf 109 ' s serviceable , this small unit claimed some 130 Soviet aircraft shot down . Schentke himself scored 29 victories including three on 10 December and six on 12 December in 5 missions . On Christmas Day 1942 Schentke shot down a Soviet Il - 2 but debris damaged his Bf 109 G - 2 ( Black - 3 , W . Nr 13885 ) forcing him to bail out over Soviet positions to the west of the city . That was the last time he was seen alive . He was posthumously promoted to " Oberleutnant " . During his career he was credited with 90 aerial victories , 4 over the Western Front and 86 over the Eastern Front , including at least 15 Il - 2 Sturmovik s .
117th ( Eastern Townships ) Battalion , CEF The 117th ( Eastern Townships ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Sherbrooke , Quebec , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 through the eastern counties of Quebec . After sailing to England in August 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 23rd Reserve Battalion on January 8 , 1917 . The 117th ( Eastern Townships ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . L . J . Gilbert .
18th Army ( German Empire ) The 18th Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed against France on 27 December 1917 from the former " Heeresgruppe " Woyrsch command . It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 2 January 1919 . History . 18th Army was one of three armies ( along with 17th Army and 19th Army ) formed in late 1917 / early 1918 from forces withdrawn from the Eastern Front . They were in place to take part in Ludendorff ' s Spring Offensive . The Germans had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed . They also had the temporary advantage in numbers afforded by nearly 50 divisions freed by the Russian withdrawing from the war ( Treaty of Brest - Litovsk ) . At the end of the war it was serving as part of " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " . Order of Battle , 30 October 1918 . By the end of the war , the 18th Army was organised as : Commanders . 18th Army was commanded throughout its existence by General der Infanterie Oskar von Hutier ( previously commander of 8th Army ) .
Siege of Takehana The 1584 siege of Takehana was something of a follow - up to the siege of Kaganoi ; the great warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi sought to consolidate his power , particularly in the lands of his late lord Oda Nobunaga . Hideyoshi employed the same tactics at Takehana as at Kaganoi , diverting the Kiso River with a dam and flooding the fortress .
Weetamoo Weetamoo ( c . 1635 – 1676 ) , also referred to as Weetamoe , Namumpum , and Tatapanunum , was a Pocasset Wampanoag Native American leader . She was born in the Mattapoiset village of the Pokanoket and died at Taunton River . Her father was Corbitant , sachem of the Pocasset tribe in present day North Tiverton , Rhode Island , c . 1618 – 1630 . She had five husbands , the most famous of whom was Wamsutta , the eldest son of Massasoit , grand sachem of the Wampanoag and participant in the first Thanksgiving with the Pilgrims . Her name means " Sweet Heart " . According to the Tiverton Four Corners website , " the squaw sachem , Weetamoo " governed the Pocasset tribe , which occupied today ' s Tiverton , Rhode Island in 1620 . Weetamoo joined " with King Philip in fighting the colonists " in 1680 , in King Philip ' s War , also known as " Metacomet ' s Rebellion . " Weetamoo ' s husbands . Weetamoo was married five times . Eventually , the English defeated the Wampanoag in August 1676 . Weetamoo drowned in the Taunton River trying to escape . Her dead body was mutilated , and her head was displayed on a pole in Taunton , MA . Weetamoo ' s legacy . Weetamoo ' s adolescent life was made into a children ' s historical novel in " The Royal Diaries " series entitled " Weetamoo , Heart of the Pocasetts : Rhode Island - Massachusetts , 1653 . Weetamoo also appears in print in Mary Rowlandson ' s " The Captivity and Restoration of Mrs . Mary Rowlandson . " Rowlandson , who was captured 1676 and held by Weetamoo ' s relative Quinnapin for three months , left a vivid description of Weetamoo ' s appearance as well as personality : " A severe and proud dame she was , bestowing every day in dressing herself neat as much time as any of the gentry of the land : powdering her hair , and painting her face , going with necklaces , with jewels in her ears , and bracelets upon her hands . When she had dressed herself , her work was to make girdles of wampum and beads . " Weetamoo Woods Open Space in Tiverton , Rhode Island is named after Weetamoo . A 50 - foot vessel , " Weetamoo " , built in 1902 , " was named after the daughter of an Indian Chief in John Greenleaf Whittier ' s poem " Bride of Penacook " . " The vessel served on Lake Sunapee for 25 years before being scuttled . Lowell YWCA Camp Weetamoo is located on Long - Sought - for Pond in Westford , MA .
Arthur Gerald Knight Captain Arthur Gerald Knight ( 1895 – 1916 ) DSO MC was a British - born Canadian World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories . He was under attack by Oswald Boelcke and Erwin Böhme when they collided , causing Boelcke ' s death . Two months later , Knight would fall under the guns of Manfred von Richthofen , who had also been in the dogfight when Boelcke was killed . Early life . Arthur Gerald Knight was the son of Arthur Cecil Knight and Isabella Jael Knight ( née Baston ) . The younger Knight was a student of Applied Science at Upper Canada College when he joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1915 . World War I service . Aerial victories . Knight began his victory string on 22 June 1916 , using an Airco DH . 2 of 24 Squadron to destroy an LVG C model reconnaissance plane over Courcelette . His next two wins were of the " driven down out of control " variety , but for his fourth triumph on 14 September he helped Stanley Cockerell flame a Fokker fighter . The following day , he singlehandedly flamed another German fighter ; a month later , he drove a Roland C . II down out of control . On 9 November 1916 , he shared the destruction of an enemy fighter with Alfred Edwin McKay and Eric Pashley . Knight ' s Military Cross was awarded five days later . Notable combats . On 26 October , Knight was under attack by Boelcke and Böhme when McKay , pursued by Richthofen , cut across between Knight and his assailants . In the resultant dodges and swerves , Böhme ' s plane ' s landing gear wheels damaged Boelcke ' s upper wing , and Boelcke fell to his death . Knight transferred to 29 Squadron as the flight commander , B Flight , still flying a DH . 2 . On 11 December 1916 , he was bequeathed the Distinguished Service Order . He scored his eighth victory five days later , downing an enemy fighter northeast of Arras , and continuing his assault on a second despite a broken machine gun extractor . Four days later , he led his final patrol before ten days leave . He did not return . His patrol of four made it back , but badly battered by combat . Knight had become the Red Baron ' s thirteenth victim . The only known description of Knight ' s end comes from the victor ' s combat report : " . . . I attacked him at closest range . . . I saw immediately that I had hit the enemy . First he went down in curves , then he crashed to the ground . I pursued him until 100 meters above the ground . " Honors and awards . Military Cross ( MC ) 2nd Lt . Arthur Gerald Knight , R . F . C . , Spec . Res . For conspicuous skill and gallantry . He has shown great pluck in fights with enemy machines , and has accounted for several . On one occasion , when a hostile machine was interfering with a reconnaissance , he attacked at very close range , and brought down the enemy machine in flames . Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) For conspicuous gallantry in action . He led four machines against 18 hostile machines . Choosing a good moment for attack he drove down five of them and dispersed the remainder . He has shown the utmost dash and judgment as a leader of offensive patrols .
Gotha Go 149 The Gotha Go 149 was a military aircraft developed in Germany in the mid - 1930s for training fighter pilots . It was a conventional low - wing cantilever monoplane with tailwheel undercarriage , the main units of which retracted inwards . The wing was wooden , while the monocoque fuselage was metal . Two prototypes were constructed , and an armed version was also proposed as a light home - defence fighter ( " Heimatschutzjäger " ) armed with two 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) MG 17 machine gun s , but the " Luftwaffe " did not purchase either version of the design , and no further examples were built .
Ronald Graham ( RAF officer ) Air Vice Marshal Ronald Graham CB , CBE , DSO , DSC & Bar , DFC ( 19 July 1896 – 23 June 1967 ) was a World War I flying ace of the Royal Naval Air Service . Remaining in the Royal Air Force after that war , he rose to the rank of air vice marshal during World War II . World War I . Graham was a medical student when World War I began . In 1915 , he joined the Royal Naval Division . In September , he pulled a lateral transfer into the Royal Naval Air Service as a Flight Sub - Lieutenant . In 1916 , he served at the Dover Seaplane Base . He then moved to Dunkirk , flying cover for the North Sea Fleet . During this time , he was forced into landing in the sea on two occasions . He became part of the Saint Pol Seaplane Defence Flight , which formed on 30 June 1917 . Graham tallied his first two victories at this time , destroying a German seaplane on 19 June while piloting a Sopwith Baby , and another while piloting a Sopwith Pup on 12 August 1917 ; the latter was shared with Leonard Slatter . His unit morphed into No . 13 Squadron RNAS , sometimes referred to as 13 Naval Squadron . He switched to Sopwith Camel s for his next three victories . He shared number three with Slatter , on 15 September , and destroyed two more , one each on 25 September and 19 October 1917 . Then , on 29 December , while showboating for his nurse girlfriend , he crashed and seriously injured himself . After his convalescence , he returned to his squadron , which was now No . 213 Squadron RAF , and took command in May 1918 . In total he was credited with five aerial victories . World War II . On the outbreak of World War II , Graham was an Air Commodore on the staff at the headquarters of Fighter Command . " For exceptional gallantry in attacking and beating off four enemy seaplanes whilst on escort duty off the Belgian coast on the 22nd September , 1916 . " " Fit . Lieut . Ronald Grahame , D . S . C . , R . N . A . S . Honours and awards . For conspicuous gallantry during raids on the seaplane station at Zeebrugge . On one occasion he descended to 600 feet , and on another occasion to 300 feet , before releasing his bombs . ( The award of the Distinguished Service Cross was announced in London Gazette dated 25th October , 1916 . ) " “ Act . Flt . Cdr . Ronald Graham , D . S . C . , R . N . A . S For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in air fights and bombing raids . Since the award of a bar to the Distinguished Service Cross , Act . Flt . Cdr . Graham has carried out five night bombing raids , and attacked and brought down three enemy seaplanes . On one occasion he ascended at night for the purpose of attacking hostile machines , notwithstanding the fact that he had only returned a few hours previously from a successful action with hostile aircraft in superior numbers . He has always displayed remarkable skill and courage . ”
Smoke grenade Smoke grenades are canister - type grenade s used as ground - to - ground or ground - to - air signaling devices , target or landing zone marking devices , or as screening devices for unit movements . Smoke grenades are normally considered non - lethal , although incorrect use may cause death . The body consists of a sheet steel cylinder with a four emission holes on top and one on the bottom to allow smoke release when the grenade is ignited . The filler consists of 250 to 350 grams of colored ( red , green , orange , gray , yellow , blue , white , black , or violet ) smoke composition ( mostly potassium chlorate , lactose , and a dye ) . The reaction is exothermic and grenade casings will often remain scalding hot for some time even after the grenade is no longer emitting smoke . Typically for Military use , but can be used elsewhere too , safely though , and non - lethal chemical compounds involved . Another type of smoke grenade is the bursting variation . These are filled with white phosphorus ( WP ) , which is spread by explosive action . White phosphorus catches fire in the presence of air , and burns with a brilliant yellow flame , while producing copious amounts of white smoke ( phosphorus pentoxide ) . These double as incendiary grenade s , and a variant of these are also launched from infantry - portable or armored fighting vehicle - mounted grenade launcher s . Users must also be wary of wind direction when using smoke grenades . Smoke grenades should not be confused with smoke bomb s , which are typically started with an external fuse rather than a pin . Smoke grenades often cost around $ 40 US $ compared to smoke bombs , which can often cost just a few cents . Smoke grenades generally emit a far larger amount of smoke than smoke bombs that are sold as fireworks . Use . Used to create smoke screens , the grenades can be used to provide opportunity for movement over ground covered by fire . Smoke grenades can also be used to signal aircraft . Thermal imaging is able to ' see ' through smoke screens and , as such , fighting vehicles equipped with thermal imaging can use smoke to blind the enemy infantry while still being able to see them using thermal cameras . Other uses . Smoke grenades are sometimes used in paintball or airsoft events , though these are not necessarily of military grade . Some devices utilized for the purpose of generating concealing smoke are high - volume smoke candles . Smoke compositions can be also used as an aerosol ization vehicle for other materials than dyes ; popular applications are in dispersion of CN gas or more commonly CS gas , or in agriculture for dispersion of insecticides .
Legio I Iovia Legio I " Iovia " ( " devoted to Jupiter " ) was a Roman legion , levied by Emperor Diocletian ( 284 – 305 ) , possibly together with II " Herculia " , to guard the newly created province of Scythia Minor . The " cognomen " of this legion came from Diocletian ' s attribute " Iovianus " , " similar to Jupiter " . According to " Notitia Dignitatum " , at the beginning of the 5th century I " Iovia " was still in its camp on the Danube .
Asa Howe Cory Asa Howe Cory ( May 31 , 1814 – June 6 , 1892 ) was a captain of Company H in the 58th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Early life . Asa Howe Cory was born in Sullivan , Tioga County , Pennsylvania . He attended the public schools . Began his career in Wellsboro , Tioga County , Pennsylvania , where he published " The Phoenix " for a period of two years . He went to Smethport , Pennsylvania and purchased " The McKean County Journal " and in 1837 changed its name to " The Beacon " . He published that for three years before selling it to J . B . Oviatt . Was elected as Road Commissioner in Smethport , Pennsylvania in 1848 . Civil war . In 1861 he raised company H for the 58th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment and became its captain . Served with the Union Army from October 1 , 1861 until he was forced by severe frostbite to resign on August 21 , 1862 . Post bellum . Was chosen as Postmaster of Coryville , Pennsylvania .
George Crockett Strong George Crockett Strong ( October 16 , 1832 – July 30 , 1863 ) was a Union brigadier general in the American Civil War . Biography . Strong was born in Stockbridge , Vermont , and attended Williston Seminary but left after 1851 . He attended Union College , but left for the U . S . Military Academy , from which he graduated in 1857 . He served as an ordnance officer with the rank of lieutenant on the staff of General McDowell at the First Battle of Bull Run . He later served on the staffs of Generals George B . McClellan and Benjamin Butler . " Cadet Life at West Point by an Officer of the United States Army " ( Boston : T . O . H . P . Burnham , 1862 ) , although published anonymously , is attributed to Strong . Strong commanded an expedition sent from Ship Island against Biloxi , Mississippi , in April 1862 , and another sent against Ponchatoula , and was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers in November 1862 . He was wounded on July 18 , 1863 , while leading the assault against Fort Wagner on Morris Island , South Carolina , and died of tetanus in New York City . He posthumously received a commission as major general , dated from the day of the battle . Strong is buried in Green - Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn , New York , and they have a monument to his memory . Fort Strong , a U . S . Coast Artillery fort at the northern end of Deer Island in Boston Harbor , was named after him in 1899 . In popular culture . Strong was portrayed by Jay O . Sanders in the film " Glory " ( 1989 ) .
HMS Newark ( 1695 ) HMS " Newark " was an 80 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Hull on 3 June 1695 . She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Chatham Dockyard , and relaunched on 29 July 1717 . During this rebuild an extra gundeck was added to make her a three - decker , instead of the two - decker as which she had been originally built . She continued to be classified as a third rate , however . On 24 April 1741 she was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Chatham according to the 1741 proposals of the 1719 Establishment . She was relaunched on 27 August 1747 . " Newark " continued to serve until 1787 , when she was broken up .