naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
303d Aeronautical Systems Wing The 303d Aeronautical Systems Wing ( 303 ASW ) is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Force Material Command Aeronautical Systems Center . It is stationed at Wright - Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio as a tenant unit . The wing is the successor organization to the World War II Eighth Air Force 303d Bombardment Group . The group was one of the first VIII Bomber Command B - 17 Flying Fortress units in England . The " Hell ' s Angels " were the first B - 17 group to complete 25 combat missions in June 1943 , going on to fly more than 300 combat missions , more than any other group . The 359th BS B - 17F 41 - 24605 " Knock - out Dropper " was the first aircraft in Eighth Air Force to complete 50 , then 75 missions . During the Cold War , the Strategic Air Command 303d Bombardment Wing was a B - 47 Stratojet medium bomber wing in the 1950s , and later became a Tactical Missile Wing assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe during the 1980s . Overview . The 303 ASW has responsibility for program execution to develop , acquire , field and modernize capabilities ; and support for life - cycle management for the United States and coalition partners . Wing responsibilities also include identifying , coordinating and implementing horizontal integration / capability planning across weapons systems in support of the Global Strike and Global Persistent Attack concept of operations . History . Trained for strategic bombardment and air refueling operations to meet Strategic Air Command ' s global commitments , equipped with B - 29 Superfortresses . Deployed to Sidi Slimane AB , French Morocco , 5 Oct - 6 Nov 1952 . Replaced the propeller - driven B - 29s with new B - 47E Stratojet swept - wing medium bombers in 1953 , capable of flying at high subsonic speeds and primarily designed for penetrating the airspace of the Soviet Union . Flew numerous training missions and participated in various SAC exercises and deployments with the Stratojet , deploying to Greenham Common RAF Station , England , 17 Mar - 28 Apr 1954 ; Fairford RAF Station , England , 28 Apr - 5 Jun 1954 ; and Anderson AFB , Guam , 4 Jul - 4 Oct 1956 and 5 Apr - 5 Jul 1958 . In the early 1960s , the B - 47 was considered to be reaching obsolescence , and was being phased out of SAC ' s strategic arsenal . Began sending its stratojets to AMARC in 1963 , the last being retired in 1964 . Wing was inactivated on 15 June 1964 after the last B - 47 was retired . Reactivated as a BGM - 109G Gryphon Cruise Missile wing in August 1986 . Maintained 64 operational missiles in a combat - ready state . Inactivated in January 1989 as a result of the INF treaty and the elimination of the BGM - 109G missile from service . As part of the Aeronautical Systems Center , the 303d designs , develops and delivers dominant aerospace weapon systems and capabilities for U . S . Air Force , other U . S . military , allied and coalition - partner warfighters , in support of Air Force leadership priorities . Components . Group Squadrons Detachments : Det , 96th Air Refueling Squadron : attached c . 4 Jul - c . 4 Oct 1956 .
Philip Barton Key Philip Barton Key ( April 12 , 1757 – July 28 , 1815 ) was a Representative from the third district of Maryland , and later a United States federal judge . Unusually for a politician in the early United States , Key had been a Loyalist in the American Revolution . Born in Charleston , Cecil County , Maryland , Key pursued an academic course . During the War of Independence he served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain . He fought with the British Army from 1777 to 1781 , until he was captured by the Spanish in Pensacola , Florida with the rest of his battalion . He was kept as prisoner for a month in Havana , Cuba , before being paroled and sent to New York City until the end of the war . After the war Key traveled to England to study law at the Middle Temple . In 1785 he returned to Maryland and read law to be admitted to the bar . He began practicing law in Leonardtown , Maryland in 1787 , before moving to Annapolis in 1790 , becoming a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1794 until 1799 . He served as Mayor of Annapolis from 1797 to 1798 . He returned briefly to private practice in Annapolis from 1799 to 1800 . On February 18 , 1801 , Key was nominated by President John Adams to a new seat on the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit , created by 2 Stat . 89 . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20 , 1801 , and received his commission the same day . He served as chief judge of that court from 1801 - 1802 . Key ' s service was terminated on July 1 , 1802 , with the abolition of the court . Key then returned to private practice , from 1802 to 1807 . He was a Counsel to Justice Samuel Chase during Chase ' s Senate impeachment trial in 1805 . During this time he built and lived in Woodley Mansion in Washington , DC . In the fall of 1806 Key moved to Montgomery County , Maryland and became interested in agriculture . Between March 4 , 1807 and March 3 , 1813 , he was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth , Eleventh and Twelfth U . S . Congresses . He also served as chairman for the Committee on District of Columbia during the Tenth Congress . Key died in Washington County , D . C . , and was interred on his estate , known as " Woodley " . Later , he was re - interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington , D . C .
Operation Cornflakes Operation Cornflakes was a World War II Office of Strategic Services PSYOP mission in 1944 and 1945 which involved tricking the German postal service Deutsche Reichspost into inadvertently delivering anti - Nazi propaganda to German citizens through mail . The operation involved special planes that were instructed to airdrop bags of false , but properly addressed , mail in the vicinity of bombed mail trains . When recovering the mail during clean - up of the wreck , the postal service would hopefully confuse the false mail for the real thing and deliver it to the various addresses . The content of the mail often included copies of " Das Neue Deutschland " , the Allies ' German language propaganda news sheet . The postage stamps used on the envelopes were forged 6 - pf and 12 - pf Hitler - head stamps intended to look identical to genuine German stamps of the era , though these forgeries were printed by the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) . In addition to these two forgeries , the OSS printed another design of the 12 - pf stamp not - too - subtly redrawn so that Adolf Hitler ' s face shows his partially exposed skull . Also , the country identifier ' Deutsches Reich ' ( German Empire ) read ' Futsches Reich ' ( lost , destroyed , or collapsed empire ) . Copies of this ' death head ' stamp were inserted in the envelopes along with other propaganda materials . The first mission of Operation Cornflakes took place on 5 January 1945 , when a mail train to Linz was bombed . Bags containing a total of about 3800 propaganda letters were then dropped at the site of the wreck , which were subsequently picked up and delivered to Germans by the postal service .
21st Indian Infantry Brigade The 21st Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was converted from the Quetta Brigade in September 1940 , and assigned to the 9th Indian Infantry Division . In March 1941 , it was transferred to the 10th Indian Infantry Division and took part in the Anglo - Iraqi War in May 1941 . The brigade then moved to Egypt and came under command Eighth Army between July and November 1942 . It returned to Iraq , assigned to the 8th Indian Infantry Division , in November 1942 and moved with to Damascus in March 1943 . In September the division arrived in Taranto in southern Italy and the brigade remained with 8th Indian Division throughout the rest of the Italian Campaign apart from short attachments to the British 78th Infantry Division in November 1943 , and the British 6th Armoured Division between April and May 1944 .
Edson Range Edson Range is a firing range complex at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , California . It is named for Marine " Red " Mike Edson and is home to four of the largest firing ranges on the base . The range became operational on August 21 , 1964 , the same day that Camp Calvin B . Matthews , closed . Camp Matthews had previously been used for rifle training . While located at Camp Pendleton , Edson Range is organized as an annex of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot , San Diego ( MCRD ) and serves as the rifle qualification range where Marine recruits receive field and rifle training during boot camp . Two weeks of marksmanship training followed by one week of infantry field skills take place at Edson Range , which is known as " up north " by recruits and drill instructors alike ( the Recruit Depot in San Diego being " down south " ) . The Crucible , a three to four day combat simulation with little food or sleep also takes place here . Edson Range is home to the " Swift Intruders " , the U . S . Navy ' s Assault Craft Unit 5 who operate the Landing Craft , Air Cushion ( LCAC ) and train on the Edson Range beaches and the adjacent Pacific Ocean . Recruit live fire training . Marine recruits undertake two different courses of fire while learning how to use the M16 series rifle . During their first week of weapons training , recruits learn in a classroom setting with instruction coming from a PMI ( Primary Marksmanship Instructor ) . On the second week , recruits will go to one of the three Known Distance ( KD ) ranges to fire Table 1A , their first course of fire . The three live fire ranges aboard Edson Range where Table 1 is fired are the " World Famous " Bravo Range , Charlie Range , and Delta Range . The week after qualifying on Table 1 is spent on Alpha Range where the recruits will fire Table 2 which is the introduction to the Marine Corps ' Combat Marksmanship Program .
Render safe procedure The render safe procedure ( RSP ) is the portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal procedures , methods and tools to provide the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded ordnance ( including improvised explosive device s ) to prevent an unacceptable detonation . Ordnance detonations may be broadly categorized as a high order detonation or a low order detonation . A high order detonation is generally an ordnance detonation that results in an explosive ordnance producing a designed / intended explosive yield . A low order detonation is generally a controlled ordnance detonation or a malfunctioned ordnance detonation that results in a significantly lower yield than designed . Render safe procedures and techniques apply to conventional ordnance such as nuclear , chemical , biological and conventional battlefield weapons / ordnance and unconventional ordnance such as improvised explosive devices ( IED ) and improvised nuclear device s ( IND ) . RSPs can also apply to explosive components of military equipment such as may be found in military vehicles and aircraft – ejection seats , explosive bolts , etc . In civilian circles , RSPs can apply to items that can be dangerous if not handled properly , i . e . air bags and seat belt pretensioners . These are often detonated in a safe environment after replacement to comply with local legislation surrounding transport of dangerous goods .
Army of Mainz The Army of Mainz ( " Armée de Mayence " ) was a French Revolutionary Army set up on 9 December 1797 by splitting the Armée d ' Allemagne into the Armée de Mayence and the Armée du Rhin . Part of it split off on 4 February 1799 to form the armée d ' Observation , though part of the armée d ' Observation then re - merged into the Armée de Mayence on 28 March that year ( with the remainder forming the Armée du Danube ) .
Manchester Cenotaph The Manchester Cenotaph in St Peter ' s Square , Manchester , England , was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens . Built in Portland stone , it was erected in 1924 as a memorial to those who lost their lives in the First World War . It is similar to the cenotaph designed by Lutyens for Whitehall ; " a pylon in diminishing stages with a figure of the Unknown Soldier draped in a greatcoat on top " . The cenotaph sits in a memorial garden designed by L . C . Howitt , which also contains a stone cross commemorating the Church of St Peter , built on the site in 1789 – 94 by James Wyatt and demolished in 1907 . The north - east side of the memorial bears the inscription in capital letters : " To the honoured memory of those who gave their lives for their country " . On the south west side the inscription , again in capitals , is : " O Lord God of our fathers keep forever in the imagination of the thoughts of the heart of thy people " . The Cenotaph was designated a Grade II * listed building on 3 September 1974 . During March 2011 , Manchester City Council announced a consultation on moving the cenotaph to an alternative site within St Peter ' s Square to allow for the expansion of the nearby Metrolink .
18th Regiment Alabama Infantry The 18th Regiment Alabama Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 18th Alabama was mustered in at Auburn , Alabama on September 4 , 1861 . The regiment surrendered at Meridian , Mississippi on May 4 , 1865 .
John Raphael ( catepan ) John Raphael or Rafayl was the catepan of Italy from September to December 1046 . He replaced the catepan Eustathios Palatinos and arrived with an army of Varangian auxiliaries in Bari . Because the Varangians were not well received by the people of Bari , John spent his governorship at Otranto . His term saw the rise of Argyrus as the Byzantine Empire ' s most successful general in Italy .
Roundhead ( weapon ) A roundhead was a type of mace used during the English Civil War . It is described as having a head about , a staff long inserted into the head , twelve iron spikes round about , with another spike in the end . In 1643 an article in " Mercurius Civicus " claimed the weapon was called a roundhead by the Cavalier s because they were to be used to beat the Roundhead s into subjection .
Battle of Damour The Battle of Damour ( 5 – 9 July 1941 ) was the final major operation of the Australian forces during the Syria - Lebanon Campaign of World War II . Background . In 1941 , Damour was the French administrative capital . Damour is a large town on the coast of Lebanon and is approximately 30 kilometres south of Beirut . The Wadi Damour , with the Damour River in its bed , was a further three kilometres to the south of the town . These features were the last major natural obstacles that had to be crossed prior to reaching Beirut . Having already captured the heights overlooking Damour on the south bank of the wadi , the plan developed by Major General Arthur " Tubby " Allen , commanding the 7th Australian Division , involved encircling the Vichy French positions at Damour . Battle . On the night of 5 July 1941 , the operation began with troops of the 21st Brigade moving into position to cross the Damour River in two places . Early on 6 July , the Australians attacked Vichy French positions on the northern side . The 2 / 16th Battalion attacked at El Atiqa . The 2 / 27th Battalion attacked at El Boum . By nightfall , both positions were in Australian hands . In the early hours of 7 July , the 2 / 3rd Battalion and the 2 / 5th Battalion , along with two companies of the 2 / 14th Battalion , moved northwards through El Boum . They outflanked Damour to the east . At Daraya , the 2 / 14th companies swung west to advance on Damour from the east , while the 2 / 3rd Battalion and the 2 / 5th Battalion continued north to cut the road to Beirut north of the town . On 8 July , the Australians accomplished cutting the road . In the south , the 2 / 2nd Pioneer Battalion and elements of the 6th Divisional Cavalry Regiment were advancing along the axis of the coastal road . By 2 am on 9 July , the Pioneers were advancing into the southern outskirts of the town . At 4 am a patrol from the cavalry were able to drive right through Damour . The remaining Vichy French forces had managed to slip out of the Australian encirclement and had withdrawn from Damour . The Australians immediately began pushing along the coastal road towards Beirut . Aftermath . After the Battle of Damour , the fate of Beirut was sealed . On 8 July , even before the fall of Damour , the Vichy French commander , General Henri Dentz , had sought an armistice . At one minute past midnight on 12 July a ceasefire came into effect . For all intents and purposes , this ended the campaign .
Tactical Ground Intercept Facility Tactical Ground Intercept Facility ( TGIF ) is a United States Military Intelligence collection platform . It was a two piece collection platform with digital audio receivers on a high altitude reconnaissance aircraft which use microwaves to redirect the intercepted audio back to linguists and ELINT specialists on the ground to provide near - real - time intelligence for theater commanders .
Battle of Shallow Ford The Battle of Shallow Ford was an American Revolution skirmish that took place on October 14 , 1780 in Huntsville , North Carolina . A company of 600 Loyalist militia , led by Colonel Gideon Wright and his brother Captain Hezikiah Wright , were attempting to cross the Yadkin River to join General Cornwallis in Charlotte . Colonel Joseph Williams gathered 300 Patriot militia and laid an ambush at the ford . A short battle followed , with the Patriot forces winning decisively . The Loyalist militia became scattered and fled . Fifteen casualties were reported , fourteen Loyalists and one Patriot , Henry Francis , a captain in the Virginia militia . A tombstone at the site of the skirmish honors Francis . The Big Poplar Tree , a landmark at the site , is believed to have been shot out during the battle . The battle shares its name with a play written by Ed Simpson , a native of nearby Lewisville .
Russian submarine AG - 12 The Russian submarine " AG - 12 " was an AG - class ( AG = " Amerikansky Golland " ) submarine which served in the Gulf of Finland during World War I . During the war , Russian submarines operated from bases in Finland . " AG - 12 " and three of her sisters were scuttled in Hanko harbor on 3 April 1918 , just prior to the German landing there . " AG - 12 " and " AG - 16 " seemed to be in relatively good shape and the Finns decided to salvage them . The submarine was transferred to Turku for repairs , although it proved to be hopeless , and she was soon scrapped .
Dorset Regiment The Dorset Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1881 to 1958 , the county regiment of Dorset . Until 1951 it was formally called The Dorsetshire Regiment , although usually known as " The Dorsets " . History . The Dorsetshire Regiment was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 39th ( Dorsetshire ) Regiment of Foot and the 54th ( West Norfolk ) Regiment of Foot . The 1st Battalion took part in operations on the North West Frontier of India in 1897 - 98 and the 2nd Battalion fought in the Second Boer War , participating in the Relief of Ladysmith . During the Great War , nine hostilities - only battalions were formed , six battalions serving overseas . The 1st and 6th Battalions served on the Western Front throughout the war . The 2nd Battalion was in Poona , India , when war broke out and was shipped to Mesopotamia where it was trapped in the Siege of Kut and captured by the Turks . ( Of the 350 men of the battalion captured , only 70 survived their captivity . ) During the siege , returning sick and wounded , and the few replacements who were sent out , were unable to re - join their battalion , so they , and similar drafts of the 2nd Battalion , The Norfolk Regiment , were amalgamated into a scratch battalion forming part of the force attempting to relieve Kut . This battalion was formally titled the " Composite English Battalion " , but was more commonly known as " The Norsets " , and was broken up in July , 1916 , when the 2nd Dorsets was re - constituted . 1 / 4 Battalion served in India and Mesopotamia and 1 / 5 Battalion in India and Egypt and Palestine . The 5th Battalion fought at Gallipoli , Egypt and Palestine , and the Western Front . In 1921 , the 2nd Battalion was in India and helped put down the Moplah Rebellion . It was stationed in Palestine in 1936 to 1939 , at the time of the Arab revolt . In the Second World War , eight hostilities - only battalions were raised . The 1st Battalion was part of 231st Infantry Brigade for the duration of the war , fighting in Malta , Sicily , and Italy . It landed on Gold Beach on D - Day and fought with the Brigade in the Battle of Normandy and North - West Europe . The 2nd Battalion was part of 5th Infantry Brigade throughout the war , participating in the Battle of France and the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 . In 1944 , it took part in the Burma Campaign of 1944 - 1945 and the Battle of Kohima . The 4th and 5th Battalions fought in the liberation of Northwest Europe in 1944 - 1945 . The 30th Battalion was with 43rd Infantry Brigade in North Africa and the invasion of Sicily , after which it spent the rest of the war in Gibraltar . In 1958 the regiment amalgamated with The Devonshire Regiment to form the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment . Battle honours . The regiment was awarded the following battle honours . Those from the two World Wars that are emblazoned on the Queen ' s Colour are indicated in bold : Victoria Cross . The following member of the regiment was awarded the Victoria Cross :
Otto Fretter - Pico Otto Fretter - Pico ( 2 February 1893 – 30 July 1966 ) was a highly decorated major - general ( " Generalleutnant " ) in the German Army ( " Heer " ) during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Otto Fretter - Pico surrendered on 28 April 1945 to Brazilian troops and was held until 1948 .