naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Valparaiso The Battle of Valparaiso , also called the Capture of USS Essex , was a naval action fought during the War of 1812 . It took place off Valparaíso , Chile on March 28 , 1814 , between the frigate and the sloop of the United States Navy and the frigate and sloop of the Royal Navy . The British ships won the battle , and the American vessels were captured . Battle . On March 28 , 1814 , " Essex " and " Essex Junior " , commanded by Captain David Porter , were brought to battle north of the Pacific port of Valparaíso , Chile . " Essex " had been raiding the English whaling fleets for a year during the War of 1812 . The British admiralty dispatched two ships , " Phoebe " of 36 guns and " Cherub " of 18 guns under Captain James Hillyar , to go find and capture the American raiders . " Essex " was cornered in Valparaíso , and in the first meeting between the two ships , " Phoebe " came exceedingly close to the " Essex " , as if to start a battle and violate Chilean neutrality . Captain Porter threatened to board " Phoebe " if it touched one rope of the " Essex " . The " Essex " tried to escape on March 28 , and when extremely close to success , she lost a topmast , impairing maneuverability . A few hours later , Hillyar with the " Phoebe " and " Cherub " brought " Essex " and the " Essex Junior " to battle . For hours , the " Essex " , armed with carronade s , cannons with short range , was pounded by the long cannons of " Phoebe " and " Cherub " , until the ship was an unmanageable wreck and surrendered . Out of a crew of 154 the " Essex " suffered 58 dead , 45 wounded and 31 missing The " Phoebe " had 4 killed and 7 wounded . The " Cherub " had 1 killed and 3 wounded . David Glasgow Farragut , a future United States Admiral , was on board the " Essex " as a midshipman during this battle . " Essex " was later repaired and commissioned into service in the Royal Navy as HMS " Essex " . She served for over twenty years before being de - commissioned and sold off in 1837 . Herman Melville criticized Porter ' s refusal to strike his colors when it became clear the situation was hopeless , instead seeking to " crown himself with the glory of the shambles , by permitting his hopeless crew to be butchered before his eyes . " " Nor , by thus continuing to fight , did this American frigate , one iota , promote the true interests of her country . " There is a memorial for the American dead in the Dissidents Cemetery in Valparaiso .
Frontier Cavalry The Frontier Cavalry was a volunteer cavalry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was organized under special authority of the War Department , to serve on the northern frontier of New England for one year . It was created in response to the St . Albans raid , which occurred on October 19 , 1864 . From October 1864 until January 1865 , the northern frontier was guarded by a provisional force consisting , at least in Vermont , of recently returned veterans , militia , cadets from Norwich University , and other volunteers . These groups were replaced by a regiment of cavalry and members of the Veteran Reserve Corps . The regiment of cavalry ( formally known as the 26th New York Cavalry ) consisted of seven companies from New York , three from Massachusetts , and two from Vermont , Companies F and M . The Vermont companies were stationed at Burlington and then St . Albans , and the others along the Canadian border in New York . The Field and Staff Officers of the regiment included two Vermonters , Maj . Josiah Grout , Jr . , of Barton , late of the 1st Vermont Cavalry , and Regimental Commissary Elisha May , of Concord , late of the 2nd Vermont Infantry . The 1st Vermont Company of Frontier Cavalry , Company M , was recruited in Rutland , on January 4 , 1865 , and left for Burlington the next day . The subsequently moved to St . Albans on February 24 , and returned to Burlington on June 27 for discharge . The 2nd Vermont Company , Company F , was recruited in Burlington on January 3 . They also moved to St . Albans on February 24 , and returned for discharge on June 27 , 1865 . Both companies were organized at Burlington by Vermont Adjutant & Inspector General Peter T . Washburn in early January 1865 , and were quartered in the barracks at the old fair grounds until midwinter , while they waited for new barracks to be completed there . The two companies remained in St . Albans until the end of June , when they were mustered out due to the end of the war . The companies , 206 strong , never engaged the enemy , and only lost two men , an officer who resigned in March , and an enlisted man who deserted .
Battle of Cañada Strongest The Battle of Cañada Strongest was a battle fought from May 10 – 25 , 1934 , between the Bolivian and Paraguayan armies during the Chaco War . The engagement is considered the greatest victory of the Bolivian army during the war , and actually took place some 60 km southwest of Cañada Strongest , near a dried riverbed called Cañada Esperanza . The battle was a Paraguayan attempt to outflank and eventually conquer Fort Ballivian , a large stronghold that was the keystone of Bolivian defenses along the border with Argentina . Paraguayans begun to open a new trail in the dry subtropical forests of the Chaco but were discovered by Bolivian aerial reconnaissance . The Paraguayans troops , unaware of having been discovered , were encircled by Bolivian forces who had sneaked up on the path and were waiting for a substantial number of Paraguayan troops to enter the pathway before they ambushed them . A 250 - man Paraguayan detachment sent in to monitor the Bolivian movements was also surrounded and eventually captured on May 25 along Lóbrego Path , a route between the first Paraguayan lines and Cañada Esperanza . The Bolivian army took 1 , 500 prisoners and a good amount of weaponry , trucks and supplies , while almost 400 Paraguayan soldiers were killed . A whole Paraguayan division , however , managed to slip away , along with some scattered units .
Battle of Karakilisa The Battle of Karakilisa ( " Gharakilisahi chakatamart " , ) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Karakilisa ( now Vanadzor ) , in 1918 . History . The outnumbered Armenian defenders managed to turn back the invading Ottoman forces , which broke the armistice , signed on December 1917 , with Transcaucasian commissariat entering Western Armenia , conquering Erznka , Erzerum , Sarighamish , Kars and Alexandropol and reaching Karakilisa . The victory here as well as at Sardarabad and Abaran were instrumental in allowing the Democratic Republic of Armenia to come into existence . In several months , the cities of Erznka , Erzerum , Sarıkamış , Kars and Alexandropol were conquered . On May 20 , they conquered the Akhbulag , Djrajur and Kaltakhchi villages . On May 21 , they conquered Vorontsovka . Pressed by the Turkish regular army , Armenian forces were retreating . Part of Osman - Turkish forces moved to Yerevan , another one to Karakilisa . The latter forces included about 10 thousand soldiers , 70 pieces of artillery and 40 machine - guns . The Armenian population was leaving their homes moving to the south to Yerevan and Syunik . Garegin Nzhdeh ( with his troops ) reached Karakilisa and managed to unite the population for the fight . The Armenian forces reached the number of 6 thousand , with 70 pieces of artillery and 20 machine - guns . After a violent battle of 4 days , both sides had serious losses . Although the Ottoman army managed to invade Karakilisa , but they had no more forces to continue deeper into Armenian territories . Wehib Pasha speaking to his headquarters ,
Azai clan The was a line of daimyo ( feudal lords ) during Japan ' s Sengoku period that was based in Ōmi Province ( present day Shiga Prefecture ) . The Azai clan , along with the Asakura clan , opposed Oda Nobunaga in the late 16th century . They were defeated by him at the Battle of Anegawa in 1570 , and all but eliminated when their home castle , Odani Castle , was taken three years later .
Wilhelm Bäder Wilhelm Bäder ( 21 March 1922 – 22 March 1945 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . Bäder was killed on 22 March 1945 in Hofen , Germany . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross after his death . The Knight ' s Cross is awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Otto Lessing ( US General ) Otto Lessing was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps . Biography . Lessing was born on May 18 , 1904 in Munich , Germany . Later , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin - Madison . His home of record was Urbana , Illinois . Career . Lessing joined the Marine Corps in 1924 . During World War II , he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Combat Valor device for his actions as a battalion commander during the Battle of Saipan . He retired in 1964 .
ICGV Týr ICGV " Týr " is an " Ægir " - class offshore patrol vessel and the flagship of the Icelandic Coast Guard , built by Aarhus Flydedok a / s , in Denmark . " Týr " is the second biggest ship in the Icelandic Coast Guard and participated in the last Cod War . In May 1976 she survived being rammed twice by HMS " Falmouth " , which led Captain Guðmundur Kjærnested to give the order to man the guns against the much more powerful warship to deter further rammings . " Týr " was originally armed with a manually loaded 57 mm M1898 Hotchkiss cannon which was replaced in 1990 with the current Bofors 40 mm cannon . In 1994 a large crane was added on the starboard side of the flight deck and in 1997 the flight deck was extended . In 2001 , the ship was sent to Poland for modification and received a second rudder . In 2006 she was sent to Poland again for replacement of her bridge and other renovations .
Friedrichshafen FF . 41 The Friedrichshafen FF . 41 was a large , German - built , three - seat , twin - engine amphibious reconnaissance aircraft designed by Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen in 1917 . The aircraft was mainly used as a reconnaissance aircraft , but also as a bomber and as a mine - laying aircraft . A torpedo - carrying version , the FF . 41AT , was also developed . It had a modified fuselage and a single vertical fin ( in comparison to the basic model ' s three ) . Only five FF . 41AT aircraft were manufactured . According to another information , eight FF . 41 were built and six of them were stationed in the Baltic territories . In Vindava ( Ventspils ) were stationed the planes number 996 , 1000 and 1209 and in Angersee the planes number 997 , 998 and 999 . Use in Finland . The Finnish Air Force purchased one FF . 41AT aircraft from the Germans in Estonia on 26 November 1918 , at the end of World War I . It was flown to Sortavala where it was repaired . In 1922 , the torpedo - carrying fuselage was changed and the capability to carry torpedoes was removed . This aircraft was in use between 1918 - 23 . Use in Estonia . The Estonians found an unairworthy Friedrichshafen FF 41 A in the Tallinn hangars . The remains of the wrecked German aeroplane were used to produce the first aeroplane of the indepenedent Estonian Air Force . On 13 March 1919 , the Naval Squad was established and the barrack finished in 1921 . According to the other information the Estonians were left three planes . One of the was purchased by the Finns and the other two ones in bad conditions were re - built as a new functioning one , which stayed in the Estonian service .
UUM - 125 Sea Lance The UUM - 125 Sea Lance , initially known as the " Common ASW Standoff Weapon " , was authorized in 1980 as a successor to both the UUM - 44 SUBROC and RUR - 5 ASROC anti - submarine missiles . The Sea Lance was to be available in two versions , known as UUM - 125A and RUM - 125A . The former would be a submarine - launched version , the latter surface - launched . Design and development . In 1982 , Boeing was awarded the main contract to develop the system , named the Sea Lance . By the following year , it had become apparent that developing two different versions of the missile was too ambitious , and further development of the RUM - 125 was suspended . The RUM - 139 , a vertical - launch model of the ASROC , was developed as a stopgap weapon in this role . The Sea Lance was to be housed inside a watertight capsule which could be launched from an ordinary 21 inch torpedo tube . The Mk 117 digital fire - control system provided targeting information to the missile prior to launch . After being fired , the capsule would float to the surface where the rocket would ignite and its fins would flip out . An inertial guidance system would direct the missile to the general location of the target . Initial plans were to have the surface - launched version operate in a similar manner , being launched from the Mk 41 vertical launching system . When the missile reached the intended area , the payload would separate from the missile and then deploy a parachute to decelerate the warhead or torpedo . Both missiles were initially planned to carry a depth charge with a 200 kiloton W89 thermonuclear warhead . Such a yield would have given the missile a lethal radius against submarines of around 10 kilometers . This massive warhead , combined with the fact that the target would be unable to detect the missile until the payload hit the water , made it virtually impossible for a target to escape . In the mid - 1980s , a conventional variant of this missile was proposed which would carry the new Mark 50 torpedo submarine - seeking weapon . This version was dubbed the UUM - 125B . A contract for the full - scale development of the Sea Lance was awarded in 1986 . In 1988 , it was decided to proceed again with the surface - launched RUM - 125 version . The nuclear warhead was canceled in favor of a purely conventional missile : ship - based nuclear missiles had been forbidden by international treaty . ( For example , the nuclear version of the Tomahawk was removed from service , and only conventional warheads were retained . All nuclear depth charges and nuclear surface - to - air missiles were also removed from service . ) In 1990 , the entire program was canceled as a result of the collapse and dismemberment of the Soviet Union . Today the U . S . Navy attack submarine s do not have any long - range stand - off anti - submarine weapon , while U . S . Navy surface warships do have the new , vertical - launch version of the ASROC .
The Parable of the Old Men and the Young The Parable of the Old Man and the Young is a poem by Wilfred Owen which compares the ascent of Abraham to Mount Moriah and his near - sacrifice of Isaac there with the start of World War I . It had first been published by Siegfried Sassoon in 1920 with the title " The Parable of the Old Man and the Young " , without the last line " And half the seed of Europe , one by one " . The poem is an allusion to a story in the Bible , Genesis 22 : 1 - 18 . In the poem , the biblical patriarch Abraham ( significantly called by his former name , Abram , in the poem ) takes Isaac — his only begotten son by his wife Sarah — with him to make a sacrificial offering to God . The offering , though Isaac does not know this , is to be Isaac himself . " Then Abram bound the youth with belts and straps " , which suggests imagery relating to a young soldier being sent , possibly against his will , in a uniform to fight . When he makes to sacrifice his son , an angel calls from heaven , and tells Abram not to harm Isaac . Instead , he must offer the " Ram of Pride " . Then follow the last two lines of the poem diverges from the Biblical account , set apart for greater effect : " But the old man would not so , but slew his son , / and half the seed of Europe , one by one . " " The Parable of the Old Man and the Young " is written loosely in iambic pentameter . It does not use traditional rhyme ; instead , the lines are bound together by assonance , consonance , and alliteration . As the title mentions , the poem is a parable . It is generally accepted that the old man , Abram , represents the European nations or more probably their governments . Another less common opinion is that he represents Germany or Kaiser Wilhelm II , whom some would claim started the war . However , Owen does not blame any individual nation or person in any of his other poems , so there is no reason to believe that he does so in this one . Rather , he condemns all those in power who took their countries to war . According to the poem , the rulers of Europe believed that sacrificing their nations ' ( Ram of ) Pride was too high a price , yet the irony is that the real cost of this Pride was millions of dead — the seed of Europe . The last two lines are the only ones that rhyme , and the image they paint is chilling : an old man methodically killing the seed of Europe . It is mainly the power of this image , set out in the poem and culminating in the last two lines , that makes it haunting . The poem is among those set in the " War Requiem " of Benjamin Britten .
Denis Boyd Admiral Sir Denis William Boyd KCB CBE DSC ( 1891 – 1965 ) was a Royal Navy officer who served as Fifth Sea Lord . Naval career . Early career . Boyd joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1906 and was commissioned in 1910 . After serving as Torpedo Officer in HMS " Fearless " during the First World War , he set of on a journey around the world aboard during 1922 returning in 1923 and was then attached to the Royal Australian Navy from 1926 . He was appointed Fleet Torpedo Officer in the Mediterranean Fleet in 1928 and , while serving with the Naval Equipment Department , he was promoted to Captain in 1931 . He was briefly Commanding Officer of the destroyer HMS " Valentine " in 1932 before joining the Tactical Division of the naval Staff in 1933 and becoming its Director in 1934 . Boyd became Commanding Officer of HMS " Hardy " and Captain ( D ) of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla at Malta in 1936 , which post included responsibility for patrols off Spain during the Spanish Civil War . He was then made Commanding Officer of the Torpedo School ( HMS " Vernon " ) in 1938 , serving there until the outbreak of the Second World War . World War II . During the Second World War Boyd served as Commanding Officer of the aircraft carrier from 1940 , seeing action at the Battle of Taranto . Promoted to Rear Admiral in August 1941 , he became Admiral commanding aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean Fleet . He moved to the Eastern Fleet in 1942 as Admiral commanding aircraft carriers with as his flagship . He was appointed Fifth Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Air Equipment in 1943 , and was promoted to Vice Admiral in August 1944 . He then became Admiral ( Air ) at the RN Air Station at Lee - on - Solent in January 1945 . Postwar service . Boyd became Admiral ( Air ) in 1946 and then Commander - in - Chief of the British Pacific Fleet . He was promoted to Admiral in 1948 and , after serving as Commander - in - Chief of the Far Eastern Station , he retired in 1949 . In retirement he became Principal of Ashridge College .
USS Charlotte ( 1862 ) USS " Charlotte " ( 1862 ) was a schooner captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Schooner " Charlotte " captured by the Union Navy . " Charlotte " , a schooner used as a blockade runner , was captured off Mobile , Alabama , 10 April 1862 by ; condemned by the prize court at Boston , Massachusetts ; purchased by the Navy 6 November 1862 ; placed under command of Acting Master E . D . Bruner ; and assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockade . " Charlotte ' s " first station was in Choctawhatchee Bay , Alabama , from which on 27 December 1862 she sailed up river to capture the steamer . The ship had been laid up since the beginning of the War , and " Charlotte ' s " men repaired her engines so that she could sail to Pensacola , Florida . Guarding the East Pass of the Mississippi . The schooner continued to blockade off the East Pass of the Mississippi River , performing reconnaissance through which she was able to report movements of Confederate troops and act as a tender . She was later joined on station by " Bloomer " , which had been taken into the Navy . Although the Dictionary of American Fighting Ships does say that the Charlotte guarded the East Pass of the Mississippi River , the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies of the War of the Rebellion lists her as being posted , along with the at the East Pass of Choctawhatchee Bay , also known as the East Pass of Santa Rosa Island , which is near the present day city of Destin , Florida . Post - war decommissioning . " Charlotte " was sold at Pensacola 27 April 1867 .
Benjamin G . Humphreys Benjamin Grubb Humphreys ( August 26 , 1808December 20 , 1882 ) was an American politician from Mississippi . He was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and served as Governor of Mississippi from 1865 to 1868 , during Reconstruction . Early life . Humphreys was born in Claiborne County , Mississippi , on the Bayou Pierre . He was educated in New Jersey and enrolled at West Point in the same class as Robert E . Lee and Joseph E . Johnston . However , he was expelled in 1826 when he participated in a " Christmas frolic " that ended up turning into the Eggnog Riot . Upon his return to Mississippi , he was elected to the state senate representing his native county and served from 1839 to 1844 . In 1846 , he moved to Sunflower County , Mississippi , founded Itta Bena , and continued as a planter . Civil War . Humphreys was commissioned a captain in the Confederate States Army in 1861 . He was subsequently promoted to brigadier general after the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 . There , Humphreys ' s regiment was part of the force that attacked Federal positions at the Peach Orchard , driving the defenders back toward Cemetery Ridge . Humphreys took command of the brigade upon the mortal wounding of Brig . Gen . William Barksdale . He remained in command of the brigade through the end of the war . Political career . After the surrender of the Confederate Army , Southern politicians and Army officers were not automatically pardoned and were forbidden to hold public office . At the time of his candidacy , Benjamin Humphreys was unpardoned , and President Andrew Johnson did not want him elected . Unwilling to withdraw his candidacy , on October 2 , 1865 , Humphreys was elected as a Democrat , but was not immediately recognized as the Governor of Mississippi . Without presidential approval , on October 16 , 1865 , Humphreys had himself inaugurated and sworn in as the 26th Governor of Mississippi . By October 26 , 1865 , Mississippi provisional Governor , William L . Sharkey , received from President Andrew Johnson a pardon authorizing political office under the Reconstruction plan . He won re - election in 1868 and continued with a second term , but with the beginning of Congressional control of Reconstruction he was physically removed by occupying U . S . armed forces on June 15 of that year . As a Democratic Governor of the State of Mississippi , he encouraged Jim Crow laws . In his own words : After his retirement from politics , Humphreys entered a career in insurance in Jackson , Mississippi . He continued there until his retirement in 1877 , when he moved to his plantation in Leflore County , Mississippi , where he died in 1882 . He is buried in Wintergreen Cemetery , Port Gibson , Mississippi . Humphreys County , Mississippi , is named after him . His son , also named Benjamin G . Humphreys , entered into a political career of his own . He became a Congressman and was on the Harbors and Rivers Committee , where he was instrumental in the successful amendment that created and added levees to the charter of the commission .