naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
36th Division ( IDF ) The Israel Defense Forces 36th Armor Division , also known as the Ga ' ash Formation ( " Rage " ) , is the largest regular - service armor division in the IDF . It is subordinate to the Northern Regional Command . The division was established in September 1954 and until 1958 was led by Aluf Avraham Yoffe . At the time , divisional commands were mission - based commands without organic forces , but rather with troops apportioned according to given missions . From 1958 – 1962 , it was led by Aluf Zvi Zamir ; from 1962 – 1965 by Aluf Uzi Narkiss and from 1965 - 1969 by Aluf Elad Peled . During the Six - Day War , the division led the battles in the northern West Bank , commanding the Barak Armored Brigade ( then the 45th Armored Brigade ) , the 37th Brigade and forces from the 1st Brigade . Later , it oversaw the occupation of the southern Golan Heights . After the war , from 1969 – 1972 , the division was led by Aluf Shmuel Gonen ( Gorodish ) . From 1972 – 1974 , it was led by then - Aluf Rafael Eitan . During the Yom Kippur War , the division fought in the defensive battles over the northern Golan , and afterwards broke deeper into Syrian territory . During Operation Litani , Israel ' s invasion of Lebanon in 1978 , the division fought on the eastern front . During the 1982 Lebanon War , it fought on the central front , proceeding through the coastal route onto the gates of Beirut . As of 2006 , the division oversees the Golan Heights and includes the 7th Armoured Brigade and 188th ' Barak ' Armoured Brigade . As of July 2013 , it is led by Brigadier - General Itzik Turjeman who replaced Brigadier - General Tamir Haiman .
Matthew Maer Brigadier Matthew Philip Maer DSO , MBE is a senior British Army officer of the Princess of Wales ' s Royal Regiment . Maer commanded 1st Battalion , Princess of Wales ' s Royal Regiment as a Lieutenant - Colonel , deploying to Maysan , Iraq in 2004 / 5 in the aftermath of the invasion . In this role , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his leadership , which included command of Victoria Cross recipient Johnson Beharry . Maer was promoted colonel on 30 June 2006 , and brigadier on 30 June 2009 . He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire on 6 November 1998 .
Asmai Heights The Asmai Heights are a mountain range within Kabul Province on the outskirts of Kabul City , Afghanistan . It is known colloquially as TV Hill due to the large TV mast at its summit . The heights are the site of an ancient fort . In December 1879 during the Second Afghan War the Asmai Heights were the site of a prolonged siege and battle where the British forces made up of the 9th Lancers and 5th Punjab Cavalry stormed Afghan tribesmen who had laid up in the fort . The Afghan forces fled and several British soldiers were awarded the Victoria Cross .
Tome H . Walters Jr . Lieutenant General Tome H . Walters Jr . was Director , Defense Security Cooperation Agency , Office of the Secretary of Defense , Arlington , Virginia . The agency directs and oversees U . S . foreign military sales , foreign military financing programs , international military education and training programs , and humanitarian assistance and demining programs . General Walters was born in Shreveport , Louisiana , and graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1970 . He has served in command and staff positions at Air Force headquarters , the Joint Staff , Air Mobility Command , Air Training Command and Strategic Air Command . General Walters commanded an air refueling squadron , a pilot training operations group and an air refueling wing . He is a command pilot , having flown more than 3 , 500 hours in air refueling and trainer aircraft , including 100 air refueling support sorties in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War . Walters retired on July 1 , 2004 .
Rudolf Seitz Rudolf Seitz ( 11 October 1919 – 14 November 1994 ) was a Untersturmführer ( Second Lieutenant ) in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Rudolf Seitz , while an Unterscharführer ( Sergeant ) , was awarded the Knight ' s Cross as a Gun Commander in the 4th SS Panzerjager ( Tank Hunter ) Battalion , 4th SS Polizei Division on the 24 October 1942 . After the war . Seitz died 14 November 1994 in Stadlern , Schwandorf , Germany .
AB 40 The Autoblinda 40 ( AB 40 ) was an Italian armored car built in small numbers in 1940 . Armament consisted of two 8 mm machine gun s in a turret . During production a need for heavier armament was envisioned and so the AB 40 was redesigned as the AB 41 which was the same vehicle except for a new turret with a 20 mm autocannon . Most of the 24 AB 40s that had been built were then converted to AB 41s .
35th Division ( United Kingdom ) The 35th Infantry Division was a unit of the British Army during World War I . Originally raised for the Fifth New Army as the 42nd Division , it was renumbered as the 35th when the Fifth New Army was redesignated as the Fourth New Army in April 1915 . By June 1915 , the division had begun to congregate at Masham , and in August it was moved to Salisbury Plain . Initially ordered to Egypt at the end of the year , it was instead transferred to the Western Front in February 1916 . It would remain there for the rest of the war . The first major engagement of the division was the Battle of Albert during the Somme offensive in the summer of 1916 . Later , the division participated in final allied offensive , reaching the River Dendre when the armistice ended the fighting in November 1918 . In January 1919 , the division was called on to quell riots in the camps at Calais , and was finally demobilized , in April 1919 .
Louis E . Denfeld Louis Emil Denfeld ( April 13 , 1891 , Westborough , Massachusetts – March 28 , 1972 , Westborough , Massachusetts ) , was Chief of Naval Operations of the United States Navy from 15 December 1947 to 1 November 1949 . He also held several significant surface commands during World War II , and after the war commanded the U . S . Pacific Fleet . Life and Naval career . Denfeld graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1912 . He took command of the destroyer in 1919 and served aboard the submarine during 1923 and 1924 . He commanded Destroyer Division 11 from 1935 to 1937 . Denfeld was selected to be aide to the Chief of Naval Operations in 1939 , then commanded first Destroyer Division 18 , then Destroyer Squadron 1 from 1939 to 1941 . He served as Chief of Staff to the Commander of the Atlantic fleet , Admiral Royal E . Ingersoll . For planning of safe routes for escort convoys in this capacity , Denfeld received the Legion of Merit . Atlantic Fleet Support Force in 1941 , then became assistant chief to the Bureau of Navigation in 1942 . He led Battleship Division 9 in 1945 , was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Personnel in 1945 , and commanded Pacific Fleet and all U . S . forces in the area in 1947 . On 28 February 1947 Denfeld was named Military Governor of the Marshall Islands , Caroline Islands , and Mariana Islands , replacing Admiral John H . Towers . Denfeld was appointed Chief of Naval Operations on 15 December 1947 . Due to his role in the " Revolt of the Admirals " , he was detached from duty by the Secretary of the Navy Francis P . Matthews on 1 November 1949 , and retired in 1950 . He was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1950 . He lost the Republican nomination to Arthur W . Coolidge . Decorations . Admiral Louis E . Denfeld received a many decorations during his long navy career . Here is his ribbon bar :
August Bloedner Christian Friedrich August Bloedner was a German - born carpenter from Cincinnati , who served with the 32nd Regiment Indiana Infantry during the American Civil War . He built the 32nd Indiana Monument . Biography . August Bloedner was born around 1825 in Altenburg , Saxe - Altenburg , Germany . Emigrating to the United States , he lived in Cincinnati , Ohio until enlisting in the 32nd Regiment Indiana Infantry in August 1861 . He commemorated the deaths of his comrades killed in action at the Battle of Rowlett ' s Station , Kentucky , in December 1861 , by building the first American Civil War monument . This was the 32nd Indiana Monument , completed in January 1862 . It was placed in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville , Kentucky after the Civil War . Following the conclusion of the war , Bloedner returned to Cincinnati , where he worked as a marble / stone cutter until his death from heart disease on November 14 , 1872 .
USS Escalante ( AO - 70 ) USS " Escalante " ( AO - 70 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She was the only U . S . Navy ship named for the Escalante River in Utah . History . " Escalante " ( AO - 70 ) , formerly SS " Shabone " , was constructed for the Maritime Commission by the Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard , Inc . , Sparrow ' s Point , Maryland , in 1942 and sponsored by Mrs . Walter E . Than . She was acquired by the Navy and commissioned on 30 January 1943 , Lieutenant Commander C . L . Bolton , USNR , in command . After a brief shakedown cruise in the Chesapeake Bay area , she transported a cargo of aviation gasoline from Houston , Texas , to the Panama Canal Zone . She was then assigned to duty with the Atlantic Fleet , with Task Force s 60 and 61 . Between May 1943 and 30 October 1944 she made six trips to North Africa and two to United Kingdom ports where she fueled ships for the Normandy invasion . " Escalante " returned to Norfolk Navy Yard for overhaul to fit her for duty in the Pacific . On 4 December 1944 she loaded fuel at Aruba , passed through the Panama Canal and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 26 December . She reported to Service Squadron 10 to operate mainly from Ulithi in refueling units of the U . S . 3rd Fleet and the U . S . 5th Fleet at sea and thereby taking part in the action against Luzon , Iwo Jima , Okinawa and the Japanese homeland . From 26 September 1945 until 20 October she fueled ships in Tokyo Bay and then set sail for San Francisco , California , arriving on 31 October . She was placed out of commission on 12 December 1945 and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal . Awards and honors . " Escalante " received four battle star s for World War II service .
Department of the Platte The Department of the Platte was a military administrative district established by the U . S . Army on March 5 , 1866 , with boundaries encompassing Iowa , Nebraska , Dakota Territory , Utah Territory and a small portion of Idaho . With headquarters in Omaha , the district commander oversaw the army ' s role initially along the Overland route ( or Oregon Trail ) to Salt Lake City , then later the construction route of the Union Pacific Railroad . The district also included the Montana road ( or Bozeman Trail ) through eastern Wyoming . The district was discontinued when the Army ' s command was reorganized in 1898 . Headquarters . The Headquarters of the Department of the Platte was located in downtown Omaha , Nebraska for many years . When the headquarters was transferred to Fort Omaha in 1878 , the building it was located in was found unsuitable , and the headquarters were again transferred downtown .
Stefan Dąb - Biernacki Stefan Dąb - Biernacki ( 7 January 1890 , Gnojno - 9 February 1959 , London ) was a Polish general . Members of the Polish Legions in World War I , fought in the Polish - Soviet War commanding regiments and later 1DPLeg . Has distinguished himself during the retreat from Ukraine , and battles in 1920 on Vistula and Niemen , receiving Virtuti Militari medal , but was also criticized by some for overly risky strategies resulting in heavy casualties . Commander of 1DPLeg until 1926 , worked with GISZ until 1930 , later an inspector of the army . In 1931 he caused controversy by ordering one of his political opponents , journalist Stanisław Cywiński , assaulted and demanded his imprisonment in Detention Camp Bereza Kartuska . In Polish Defensive War of 1939 commander of Army Prusy and later of the Northern Front . After the defeat at battle of Tomaszów Lubelski managed to evacuate to France through Hungary . Criticized for his actions ; particularly abandoning his units during retreat beyond Vistula ; in 1940 he was forced to retire . Spent the rest of his life in London . Some historians do believe that the " abandonment " version of his resigntion is false ; by ordering a lower — ranking general , General Skwarczynski , to sign the surrender , he allowed for the officers and enlisted men from units not under General ' s direct command to escape imprisonment , and possibly saved their lives .
James Madison ( Medal of Honor ) James Madison ( 1842 - August 7 , 1926 ) was a Sergeant in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the American Civil War . " James Madison " was an alias , his true name was James Congdon . Congdon enlisted in the Army from Fairport , New York in October 1861 , but was discharged for disability in January 1862 . Despite this , he re - enlisted in May 1862 , and fought at the Battle of Culpeper Court House , where he was wounded . He mustered out with his regiment in June 1865 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization . Sergeant , Company E , 8th New York Cavalry . Place and date : At Waynesboro , Virginia , March 2 , 1865 . Entered service at : Fairport , New York . Birth : Niagara , New York . Date of issue : March 26 , 1865 . Citation : Recapture of Gen . Crook ' s headquarters flag .
Xiphos The xiphos ( ) is a double - edged , single - hand sword used by the ancient Greeks . It was a secondary battlefield weapon for the Greek armies after the spear or javelin . The classic blade was generally about 50 – 60 cm long , although the Spartans supposedly started to use blades as short as 30 cm around the era of the Greco - Persian Wars . The xiphos sometimes has a midrib , or is diamond or lenticular in cross - section . It was generally hung from a baldric under the left arm . The xiphos was generally used only when the spear was discarded for close combat . Very few xiphoi seem to have survived ; photos of some of these can be found via the footnotes . Stone ' s " Glossary " has the xiphos being a name used by Homer for a sword . The entry in the book says that the sword had a double - edged blade widest at about two - thirds of its length from the point , and ending in a very long point . The name " xiphos " apparently means something in the way of " penetrating light " according to researcher and swordsmith Peter Johnsson . The xiphos ' leaf shaped design lent itself to both cutting and thrusting . The design has most likely been in existence since the appearance of the first swords . Blades in bronze and iron are suitable for a leaf shape due to the softness of the metals in comparison to steel . Bronze swords are cast and are thus are more easily formed into a leaf shape than iron swords , which need to be forged . ( Wrought iron is too soft to make a good sword , but many swords were still made in part or total from wrought iron . ) The early xiphos was a bronze sword . In the classical period it would have been made of iron . The early Celtic La Tène short sword , contemporary with the xiphos , had a virtually identical blade design as the xiphos . The leaf - shaped short swords were not limited to Greece , as mentioned , but can be found throughout Europe in the late Bronze Age under various names . Bronze leaf - shaped swords from as early as the late second millennium still survive . The Urnfield culture is associated with the use of the leaf shaped bronze short sword . It is generally thought that iron swords had replaced bronze swords by the early La Tène culture about 500BC . During the Halstatt culture a mixture of bronze and iron swords seem to have existed side by side . Iron tends to become severely oxidized ( rusted ) over the years , and few iron swords have survived , in contrast to bronze and bronze swords that age very well . Thus , much is known regarding the sword during the Bronze Age but less so in the early Iron Age . Bronze thrusting swords from the second millennium still exist in excellent condition . The Mycenaean form of the word is attested in the dual , as " " ( ; a sword is usually represented iconographically in Linear B , as ) . Its etymology is unknown , apparently a loanword of non - Greek origin . A relation to Arabic " saif un " and Egyptian " sēfet " has been suggested , although this does not explain the presence of a labiovelar in Mycenaean . One suggestion connects Ossetic " äxsirf " " sickle " , which would point to a virtual Indo - European " * ksibhro - " .
F . Taylor Brown F . Taylor Brown ( born 1925 ) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy . Brown was born Francis Taylor Brown in Ashland , Wisconsin . He attended Marquette University and George Washington University . Brown died following an automobile accident in Little Rock , Arkansas on July 11 , 2011 . Career . Brown originally enlisted in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II . Following the war , he was commissioned an officer and designated a Naval Aviator . In 1948 , he transferred to the Regular Navy . That year , he also won the Bendix Trophy in the jet division . From 1958 to 1959 , he served with Attack Squadron 174 . After attending the Naval War College , Brown was stationed at the Naval Air Test Center . In 1962 , he set world record when he reached 65 , 000 feet in two minutes , fifty - eight point five seconds from a standing start while piloting a McDonnell Douglas F - 4 Phantom II . During the Vietnam War , he commanded Carrier Air Wing Nine , stationed aboard the USS Enterprise ( CVN - 65 ) , and as Executive Officer of the USS Oriskany ( CV - 34 ) . After attending the National War College and taking a sabbatical from the Navy , Brown returned to service in the Vietnam War as Commanding Officer of the USS Guadalupe ( AO - 32 ) . In 1970 , he was assigned to The Pentagon as Deputy Electromagnetic Coordinator of the Navy . From 1971 to 1972 , he served as Commanding Officer of the USS Inchon ( LPH - 12 ) . He was then Deputy Director of Operations , Joint Chiefs of Staff and the National Military Command Center in The Pentagon . After holding command of the Naval Air Test Center from 1974 to 1976 , Brown served as Defense Attaché at the Embassy of the United States , London from 1976 to 1978 . Brown became Deputy Director for International Programs in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering before retiring from active duty in 1978 . Awards he received include the Distinguished Flying Cross with service star and the Air Medal with service star .
Heinz Werner Heinz Werner ( 2 December 1917 — 8 August 1978 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . The Oakleaves was a second award . Werner was awarded his Knight ' s Cross while in command of the 3rd Battalion , 4th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " The Führer " , 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich . Werner survived the war as a prisoner of the French Government , released in June 1951 . He died on the 8 August 1978 in Essen .
Eberhard Finckh Colonel Eberhard Finckh ( 7 November 1899 - 30 August 1944 ) was a German army officer who was a colonel on the general staff of the German army , a longtime opponent of nazism and a member of the German resistance to Adolf Hitler ’ s regime . Finckh was born in Kupferzell , Baden - Württemberg . He joined the Imperial Army in 1917 and was then was a member of the Reichswehr . In 1927 he was posted to the War Academy in Berlin - Moabit , where he later met Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg . In World War II he first served in Poland and on the Eastern Front as quartermaster of the 6th Army and in 1943 for Army Group South . He then served under General Günther Blumentritt as the chief quartermaster to the commander in chief in Paris and he was involved in planning the coup attempt in the west linked to the July 20 plot with Colonel - General Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel and his adjutant Lieutenant - Colonel Cäsar von Hofacker . On July 20 he was notified by telephone from Zossen that Hitler had been assassinated and with other officers he was called to a meeting in von Stülpnagel ' s office and was issued with prearranged orders for the arrest of senior Gestapo , SS and SD personnel in Paris . After the failure of the coup attempt he was arrested by the Gestapo , interrogated at length and dishonorably discharged from the army by a court of honor . He was then tried by the People ’ s Court on 30 August 1944 with von Stülpnagel who had blinded himself in a suicide attempt , Caesar von Hofacker and Ottfried von Linstow . He was sentenced to death by Roland Freisler and executed by hanging the same day at Plötzensee prison , Berlin .
Tadeusz Kotz Tadeusz Kotz ( 9 August 1913 – 3 June 2008 ) was a Polish pilot and fighter ace of World War II . He was awarded several decorations , including Poland ' s Virtuti Militari , four times Cross of Valour and the British Distinguished Flying Cross . After war he published his memoirs . Biography . Tadeusz Kotz was born in Grabanów as Tadeusz Koc on 9 August 1913 to a family of wealthy farmers . After school he entered the cadet flying school in Dęblin . Later , he served in the Polish Air Force as a fighter pilot . During the Invasion of Poland in 1939 , Kotz fought with the Polish 161st Fighter Escadrille air unit of Łódź Army . He shot down his first enemy Messerschmitt on 2 September 1939 , and also shared Junkers Ju - 86 shot down , while piloting a PZL P . 11 airplane . On 16 September he shot down a Soviet reconnaissance bomber Polikarpov R - 5 . After Poland was defeated , Kotz was ordered to evacuate to Romania along with other pilots . He escaped via Yugoslavia and Greece to France , and then to the UK to serve with the Royal Air Force . Commencing in late 1940 , Kotz served with No 317 , No 308 and No . 303 Squadron , flying the Spitfire . Later , he became a Squadron Leader with No . 303 Squadron . In February 1943 Kotz was shot down in combat with II . / JG 26 over Northern France , but evaded capture and returned to England via German occupied France , Spain and Gibraltar to return to the UK on 21 February 1943 . In September 1944 , he attended the Aviation School in Weston - super - Mare . His wartime score was 3 and 3 shared destroyed , 2 probables , and 3 damaged . He was demobilized in 1948 . He married and settled in Swaziland in Africa and then moved to Collingwood , Ontario , Canada , where he spent the remainder of his life . While in Canada , he published a book of memoirs . " Błękitne niebo i prawdziwe kule " ( " Blue sky and real bullets " ) , in 2005 . He died on 3 June 2008 at at a nursing home in Collingwood , aged 94 . Awards . Virtuti Militari Silver Cross < br >