naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
III Army Corps ( Germany ) III Corps was a corps level formation of the German Army during World War II . III Armeekorps History . The III Corps was formed in October 1934 as III . Armeekorps . The corps took part in Fall Weiss , the 1939 invasion of Poland as a part of Heeresgruppe Nord . It then took part in Fall Gelb as a part of Heeresgruppe A , participating in the assault through the Ardennes . In March 1941 , the corps was upgraded to a motorised corps status and redesignated III Armeekorps ( mot ) . Operation Barbarossa saw III Armeekorps ( mot ) attached to Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt ' s Heeresgruppe Süd . The corps fought during the campaigns throughout the Ukraine and took part in the battles of Kiev , Rostov , Kharkov and the Uman Salient . In June 1942 , the corps was again upgraded and redesignated . III Panzerkorps History . III Panzerkorps was formed in June 1942 from III . Armeekorps . The Panzerkorps was now attached to Heeresgruppe A , the formation tasked with capturing the Caucasus as a part of Fall Blau . After the disaster at Stalingrad , III Panzerkorps took part in the battles around Kharkov as part of Generalfeldmarschall Erich von Manstein ' s Heeresgruppe Don . The Corps was attached to Generaloberst Hermann Hoth ' s 4 . Panzerarmee in Operation Citadel , and was heavily involved in the fighting withdrawal from Belgorod to the Dniepr . At the beginning of 1944 , the corps was involved in the relief of the forces trapped in the Korsun - Cherkassy Pocket . In March , the corps , along with the rest of Generaloberst Hans - Valentin Hube ' s 1 . Panzerarmee was trapped in the Kamenets - Podolsky Pocket , and was heavily involved in the breakout and escape . Due to heavy losses , from November 1944 to January 1945 , the corps was redesignated as Gruppe Breith ( after its commander , General der Panzertruppen Hermann Breith ) . The end of the year found III Panzerkorps involved in Operation Konrad , the failed attempts to lift the siege of Budapest . The corps then took part in Operation Spring Awakening in Hungary . After the failure of the operation , the corps again effected a fighting withdrawal through Austria , surrendering to the Americans on 8 May 1945 .
Cambodian Landmine Museum The Cambodian Landmine Museum and Relief Facility is a museum located in Cambodia , south of the Banteay Srey Temple complex , 25 kilometers north of Siem Reap , and inside the Angkor National Park History . Tourists began hearing stories about a young Khmer man who cleared landmine s with a stick and had a house full of defused ordnance . Ra began charging a dollar to see his collection , using the money to help further his activities . Thus began the Cambodia Landmine Museum . In 2007 the Cambodia n government ordered Aki Ra ’ s museum closed . He was allowed to move it to a new location 40 kilometers from Siem Reap , near Banteay Srey Temple , inside the Angkor National Park . A Canadian NGO , the Cambodia Landmine Museum Relief Fund , founded by documentary film producer Richard Fitoussi , raised the money to buy the land and build the Museum . Most of the funding was provided by Tom Shadyac , a movie director from California . The new museum opened in May 2007 and currently houses a 4 gallery museum as well as being the home to 27 children . The Cambodia Landmine Museum exists for 3 reasons : Note . The Cambodia Landmine Museum and Cambodian Self Help Demining are distinctly separate NGOs . They are headquartered in separate locations , run by different individuals ( although Aki Ra is the MD ) , and funded entirely separately . The Museum and Child Relief Center is funded by revenues gained from ticket sales , donations , and sales from the small shop .
Battle of Mairy The Battle of Mairy started on the evening of 7 September , and ended on the morning of 8 September 1944 . The centre of the battle was around the French town of Mairy , although other fighting , some of it significant , took place in and around other French towns in the vicinity , including Avril , Mont Bonvilliers , Landres , and Mercy . The battle took place in the European Theatre of Operations during World War II , and was fought between the German Panzer Brigade 106 and the US 90th Infantry Division . The battle was a victory for the United States , and the attack of Panzer Brigade 106 resulted in the near destruction of this armoured formation , effectively removing its power , and severely reducing the capabilities of the four Panzer Brigades , of which 106 was one , for the up - coming Lorraine counter - offensive .
140th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 140th Indiana Infantry Regiment served in the Union Army between October 24 , 1864 , and July 11 , 1865 , during the American Civil War . Service . The regiment was organized at Indianapolis , Indiana , and mustered in on November 3 , 1864 . It left Indiana for Nashville , Tennessee , on November 15 . The regiment moved to Murfreesboro , Tennessee , where it was involved in the Siege of Murfreesboro , between December 5 and 12 1864 . It was involved in the defences of Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad , until January 1865 . From early January 1865 , the regiment was continually on the move . From Nashville , they went to Clifton , Tennessee , reaching Clifton between January 2 and 6 . From Tennessee they moved to Washington , D . C . ; then to Fort Fisher , North Carolina , remaining there until February 7 . It conducted operations against Robert F . Hoke ' s troops between February 11 and 14 . From February 18 to 20 , the regiment moved to Fort Anderson and from there to Town Creek . On February 22 , the regiment fought in the Battle of Wilmington . From March 1 to April 26 , the regiment was involved in the Campaign of the Carolinas and during this period advanced and occupied Goldsboro , North Carolina , before occupying Raleigh between April 10 and 14 . On April 26 , at Bennett Place , the regiment accepted the surrender of General Joseph E . Johnston and his army . Following the surrender , the regiment saw duty at Raleigh until May 6 , and at Greensboro until early July . The regiment was mustered out on July 11 , 1865 . During its service the regiment lost three men during battle and 111 men to disease .
Archibald MacLean Archibald Campbell Holms MacLean was an officer in the Royal Scots , Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force . MacLean attended the Royal Military College Sandhurst before he was commissioned into the Royal Scots . He transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1913 and during World War I he served as a squadron and wing commander before taking up senior training and staff appointments . In April 1918 he transferred to the newly formed Royal Air Force and was subsequently promoted to brigadier - general just after the end of World War I . First World War . When the First World War began , MacLean was an instructor at the Central Flying School , holding the rank of captain . However , just a few months later , in November 1914 , he was promoted to major and appointed Officer Commanding No . 5 Squadron . Under a year later in August 1915 , MacLean took up command of No . 8 Squadron and in 1916 he became the Commandant of the Central Flying School . In November 1917 , MacLean departed the Central Flying School for another training role , this time as Commandant of the Armament School . At the same time MacLean was promoted to colonel . With the establishment of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918 , MacLean became one of the new Service ' s senior officers . Just after the close of the Great War , MacLean was appointed Brigadier - General responsible for administration at the headquarters of the RAF ' s South - Eastern Area . MacLean only held the rank of brigadier - general in an acting capacity , and in August 1919 , when the Royal Air Force introduced its own rank titles , he was re - graded to the lower rank of wing commander . MacLean relinquished his RAF commission three months later in November 1919 . Second World War . Following the outbreak of the Second World War , MacLean was recalled to service and granted a commission in the Administrative and Special Duties Branch of the Reserve of Air Force Officers as a pilot officer . In the latter part of 1942 , MacLean served on the air staff at the Air Headquarters Bengal before finally retiring for the last time on 14 December 1942 . References .
10 . 5 cm leFH 18M The 10 . 5 cm leFH 18M ( " light field howitzer " ) was a German light howitzer used in the Second World War . The gun , less the carriage and shield , was also used as the armament of the SdKfz 124 Wespe self - propelled artillery vehicle . History . The 10 . 5 cm leFH 18M superseded the 10 . 5 cm leFH 18 as the standard German divisional field howitzer used during the Second World War . It was designed and developed by Rheinmetall after the war broke out in an effort to get more range from the basic leFH 18 design . A muzzle brake was fitted and the recoil system adjusted to allow the use of a more powerful charge and new long - range shell . Generally it did not equip independent artillery battalions until after the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943 . 53 were also exported to Finland , where they were known as 105 H 33 . Description . Many were converted from the 10 . 5 cm leFH 18 and retained their original wood - spoked or pressed steel wheels . The former were only suitable for horse traction . Initially , it was fitted with a single - baffle muzzle brake of relatively low efficiency . This was later improved by welding two protruding ears to the rear of the port . However this style of muzzle brake proved troublesome with the early designs of fin - stabilized and discarding - sabot shells and a new cage - type muzzle brake was designed and fitted . The new FH Gr Fern long - range shell was about longer than the normal shells used by the leFH 18 guns , but had a shorter streamlined section behind the driving band to accommodate the larger powder charge required . This fit in the standard cartridge case , but protruded about past its mouth . Ballistically , the 10 . 5 cm leFH 18M and the leFH 18 / 40 are identical .
German submarine U - 352 German submarine " U - 352 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 11 March 1940 at the Flensburger Schiffbau - Gesellschaft yard at Flensburg , launched on 7 May 1941 , and commissioned on 28 August 1941 under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Hellmut Rathke . She was part of the 3rd U - boat Flotilla , and was ready for front - line service by 1 January 1942 . Service history . 1st patrol . " U - 352 " left Kiel on 15 January 1942 , and arrived at Bergen in Norway on the 19th . She left the next day and patrolled south of Iceland without success before sailing to her new home port at Saint - Nazaire in France by 26 February . 2nd patrol . " U - 352 " left St . Nazaire on 7 April 1942 and sailed across the Atlantic to the coast of the north - eastern United States . There on 9 May 1942 , she was sunk by depth charge s from the U . S . Coast Guard cutter , south of Morehead City , North Carolina , in position . Fifteen of the crew were lost , but 33 survived , and spent the remainder of the war as prisoners . Dive site . " U - 352 " lies in about of water , and sits at a 45 - degree list to starboard . The wreck scatter is within a 100 - m radius of location above on a sand bottom . This wreck has become an artificial reef that is heavily populated with " Hemanthias vivanus " . It is a popular scuba diving spot for advanced divers . A replica of the wreck is on display at the North Carolina Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores . Heinz Richter . Heinz Karl Richter , a " Maschinengefreiter " ( equivalent of a Fireman 3rd Class ) who survived the sinking , was found living in Canada and was interviewed for Discovery Channel ' s special coverage of " U - 352 " . He said that Captain Rathke was obsessed with receiving a Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross medal for sinking 100 , 000 tonnes - worth of enemy ships . Richter said that the captain ' s obsession eventually led to recklessness , ultimately resulting in the boat ' s sinking . Richter also said he was the last man out of the U - boat before it sank ; those still on board were already dead , or perished in the boat as it sank . Survivors . According to documents from the Naval Department , the following are survivors of the sinking :
U . S . Naval Hospital , Subic Bay U . S . Naval Hospital , Subic Bay ( also the Navy Regional Medical Center ) was the main medical facility of the U . S . Naval Forces , Philippines . In 1992 , after the Philippine government decided not to renew that agreement with the U . S . for bases , the Subic Bay Naval Base ( along with Clark Air Force Base ) were abandoned by the U . S . History . U . S . Naval Hospital at Subic Bay was opened on 13 July 1956 as U . S . Naval Station Hospital , Subic Bay . In January 1973 , the hospital expanded its command scope , adding the dispensaries at Naval Station Subic Bay , Naval Air Station Cubi Point , Naval Communication Transmitting Facility , Capas in Tarlac , and the Joint Military Group Manila . On 7 March 1977 , the Hospital was designated as a " Regional Medical Center " . On 1 August 1983 , the Naval Medical Command , Pacific Region , Hawaii became the Subic Bay U . S . Naval Hospital ' s parent command . In 1989 , the U . S . Navy Medical command was reorganized and the hospital began to report directly to the Commander , U . S . Naval Forces , Philippines . The hospital had 90 beds , with the ability to expand to 141 beds . The last Commanding Officer was Captain Vernon M . Peters , MSC , USN . The facility was officially closed on November 1992 .
Joint capability areas The Joint Capability Areas ( JCA ) are a standardized set of definitions that cover the complete range of military activities . The system was initially established in May 2005 by the Joint Staff with input from each of the services . It is designed to establish " a new framework that paves the way for side - by - side comparisons of service contributions to joint warfighting and a tool that will assist decision - makers in deciding whether to move resources between service budgets . " The establishment of the JCA was primarily a result of an Operational Availability study from 2005 and from the " Joint Defense Capabilities Study " of 2003 ( which is almost universally referred to as the " Aldridge Study " after its primary author , Edward Aldridge . ) The " Aldridge study " called for the establishment of a new joint lexicon that would allow leaders to clearly discuss mission areas and how to most responsibly manage resources . Further information on JCAs can be found at the Joint Experimentation , Transformation and Concepts Division ( JETCD ) of the Joint Staff J - 7 , Operational Plans and Joint Force Development Directorate .
USS Koka ( ATA - 185 ) USS " Koka " ( ATA - 185 ) was a US Navy tugboat . " Koka " is from the phonetic spelling of Coca , formerly an Indian village in southern Arizona . Originally designated as " ATR - 112 " , she was redesignated as " ATA - 185 " on 15 May 1944 ; launched 11 September 1944 , by Levingston Shipbuilding Co . , Orange , Texas ; and commissioned on 16 November , Lt . ( j . g . ) Woodrow Sullivan in command . After shakedown in the Gulf of Mexico , " ATA - 185 " departed Galveston 14 December for duty in the Pacific . She reached Eniwetok , Marshalls , 26 February 1945 ; and for more than 5 months she operated out of Eniwetok ; Guam and Saipan , Marianas ; Ulithi , Carolines ; and Kerama , Ryūkyūs , while performing a variety of towing services . After a month of target sled towing duty at Guam , " ATA - 185 " departed 4 August for Okinawa , where she arrived 11 August with two barges in tow . As a unit of SerRon 12 , she performed tug and salvage operations in Buckner Bay until 3 November when she departed for the United States . Steaming via Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor , she arrived San Francisco 1 February 1946 with " YNG - 30 " and " YNG - 38 " in tow . Clearing San Francisco Bay 22 March , " ATA - 185 " reached Pearl Harbor 13 April to prepare for participation in atomic weapons tests in the Marshall Islands . Departing Pearl 11 May , she assisted in mooring target ships for Operation Crossroads at Bikini Atoll . After the tests she recovered radiological instruments from various target ship s , including , former , and former . Departing Bikini 5 September , she reached Pearl Harbor 20 September then underwent a 4 - month overhaul . " ATA - 185 " departed Pearl Harbor 20 January 1947 , and arrived San Diego 3 February with " LCI - 1062 " in tow . She was assigned to the 11th Naval District for coastal towing . Renamed " Koka " ( ATA - 185 ) on 16 July 1948 , most of her towing assignments have carried her to Long Beach , Port Hueneme , San Pedro , and San Francisco . Over the years she has traveled the Pacific coast from California to Alaska while towing barges and district craft to Kodiak , Alaska ; Seattle , Washington ; and Portland and Astoria , Oregon . " Koka " continued her coastal towing out of San Diego for the 11th Naval District into 1967 . Honors . " Koka " as " ATA - 185 " received one battle star for World War II service .
USS Birmingham ( SSN - 695 ) USS " Birmingham " ( SSN - 695 ) , a " Los Angeles " - class submarine , was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Birmingham , Alabama . The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News , Virginia on 24 January 1972 and her keel was laid down on 26 April 1975 . She was launched on 29 October 1977 sponsored by Mrs . Maryon Allen , and commissioned on 16 December 1978 , with Commander Paul L . Callahan in command . " Birmingham " was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 December 1997 . Ex - " Birmingham " is scheduled to enter the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program in Bremerton , Washington . In fiction . Footage taken during the commissioning trials for the USS " Birmingham " was used in the film " The Hunt for Red October " . The hull number ( SSN - 695 ) is easily readable on the submarine in the film . This denotes that the footage was taken during commissioning trials as the numbers are removed before active service .
Skywatch march Skywatch is the official regimental march of the Royal Observer Corps . The march was composed and scored in 1972 by Wing Commander Roy R C Davies RAF , at the time leader and conductor of the Central Band of the Royal Air Force . The tune is reminiscent of the march of the RAF and has been played on many formal occasions , including two Royal Garden Parties in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II at RAF Bentley Priory and at the Festival of Remembrance in the Royal Albert Hall . In 1994 Davies donated the original score of Skywatch for inclusion in the book " " Forewarned is Forearmed - a tribute to the Royal Observer Corps " " . Skywatch continues to feature on musical collections released by the Central Band of the Royal Air Force .
Theodore Winthrop Theodore Winthrop ( September 22 , 1828 – June 10 , 1861 ) was a writer , lawyer , and world traveller . He was one of the first Union officers killed in the American Civil War . Biography . Winthrop was born in New Haven , Connecticut . He was descended through his father from Governor John Winthrop and through his mother from Jonathan Edwards . An 1848 graduate of Yale University , he travelled for a year in Great Britain and Europe and then through the United States . After contributing to periodicals , short sketches , and stories , which attracted little attention , Winthrop enlisted in the 7th Regiment , New York State Militia , an early volunteer unit of the Federal Army that answered President Abraham Lincoln ' s call for troops in 1861 . He wrote a popular essay about the experience titled " Our March to Washington . " He was appointed Major and soon became an aide - de - camp to Maj . Gen . Benjamin Butler , commander of the Department of Virginia headquartered at Fort Monroe . Battle of Big Bethel . At the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10 , 1861 , he volunteered for General Ebenezer W . Peirce ' s staff and drew up a crude plan of battle . After a Federal attack to the enemy right flank was foiled , Winthrop led an ill - fated assault on the Confederate left held by four companies of the 1st Regiment North Carolina Infantry , under the command of Colonel ( later Lieutenant General ) Daniel Harvey Hill . In the heat of battle , Major Winthrop leapt onto the trunk of a fallen tree and reportedly yelled , " One more charge boys , and the day is ours . " Soon thereafter , he was killed by a musket ball to the heart and became the first casualty of rank for the Northern side in what history regards as the first pitched land battle of the Civil War . Ironically , ardent abolitionist Winthrop may have been shot by the African - American slave of a Confederate officer in the 1st North Carolina Infantry . ( Three different soldiers , as well as this slave , referred to in the records only as " Sam , " claimed to have killed him . ) Author . Winthrop ' s novels , for which he had failed to find a publisher during his lifetime , appeared posthumously . They include " John Brent " , founded on his experiences in the far West , and " Edwin Brothertoft " , a story of the American Revolution . " Cecil Dreeme " , his most important work , was a semi - autobiographical novel dealing with social mores and gender roles set at New York University , where Winthrop had once been a lodger . Other works include " The Canoe and the Saddle " and " Life in the Open Air " . His sister , Laura Winthrop Johnson , assembled a collection of his poems and prose organized by the time period of his life " Life and Poems of Theodore Winthrop " .