naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Amblève The Battle of Amblève took place in 716 near Amel . The mayor of the palace of Austrasia , Charles Martel , defeated his Neustria n and Frisian rivals who were led by King Chilperic II , his mayor Ragenfrid , and Radbod , Duke of the Frisians . It was the first major victory of Martel in a long career of victories . In fact , he remained undefeated the remainder of his life , over a quarter century against a wide variety of opponents , including internal ones such as these , the Caliphate , then one of the world ' s most powerful states , and a number of ferocious barbarians . In this battle Martel began demonstrating the military genius which would mark the remainder of his life . Following his defeat at Cologne , Martel rallied his supporters in the mountains of the Eifel . His forces then attacked the army of Chilperic II and his allies at the Battle of Amblève near Ameland as they returned triumphantly from Cologne . Martel used a feigned retreat , falling on his foes as they rested at midday , and feigning falling back to draw them fully out of a defensive position , where he defeated them . According to the " Annals of Metz " the casualties he inflicted on his foes were substantial . Martel remained undefeated until his death 25 years later . Subsequently Martel recovered much of the ransom paid by Plectrude to the king and Ragenfrid for Cologne . A " feigned retreat , " which became famous as one of the Mongols ' three favorite tactics , is one of the most difficult to perform during a battle , requiring discipline on the part of the troops and good timing on the part of the commander . The tactic involves getting troops to appear to flee only to reverse and stand once they have lured an opponent out of a stronger position , and have usually strung them out in pursuit , where they are easily picked off . Martel was the only general known to use it during the Dark Ages .
Balvaird Castle Balvaird Castle is a particularly fine and complete example of a traditional late medieval Scottish tower house , built around the year 1500 for Sir Andrew Murray , a younger son of the family of Murray of Tullibardine . He acquired the lands of Balvaird in Perthshire through marriage to the heiress Margaret Barclay , a member of a wealthy family . It is likely that Balvaird Castle was built on the site of an earlier Barclay family castle . Substantial remnants of earthwork fortifications around the Castle may survive from earlier defences . Additions and later history . Over the years the castle was extended and altered . A gatehouse was built in 1567 . An outer courtyard was attached to the main gate which possibly contained stabling as well as adding an extra layer of defence to the castle . Another courtyard to the south was a garden , while a much larger walled area to the north - east was an orchard or ' pleasance . ' The family continued to live at Balvaird until they inherited the Earldom of Mansfield and in 1658 moved to the rather more comfortable Scone Palace , near Perth . Thereafter the Castle continued to be inhabited , though not by the family itself . In its later days , it probably accommodated farm workers . The Castle was restored and partially excavated in recent years by Historic Scotland , by whom it is maintained . The site is open at all times , but the tower - house itself can only be visited on a restricted number of days every year . Balvaird is notable among Scottish castles of its date for its refined architectural detail . Features include corbels in the form of carved heads supporting the corner - roundels of the wall - walk , an unusually elaborate aumbry ( wall - cupboard ) in the first - floor hall and a cap - house above the stair in the form of a miniature tower - house . It has been suggested that some or all of these carved stone features may have been brought to Balvaird for re - use from an ecclesiastical building . Balvaird is " Baile a ' Bhàird " , ' Township of the Bard ' in Gaelic .
George Carter - Campbell Major - General George Tupper Campbell Carter - Campbell CB , DSO ( see Carter - Campbell of Possil ) ( 1869 – 1921 ) , was commissioned in October 1889 as a second - lieutenant into the Cameronians 2nd Scottish Rifles and served in the Second Boer War as adjutant of that battalion , being promoted Brevet Major and twice mentioned in despatches . On the outbreak of the First World War , Carter - Campbell proceeded to France with the 8th Division as second - in - command of the 2nd Scottish Rifles and was wounded at Neuve Chapelle on 10 March 1915 , being awarded the D . S . O . and also the Order of St . Stanislaus . He subsequently commanded the Battalion until 23 September 1915 , when he was appointed Brigadier - General to command the 94th Infantry Brigade . While holding the latter command , he was gazetted Brevet - Lieutenant - Colonel and finally Brevet - Colonel . He assumed command of the 51st Division on 17 March 1918 and was its G . O . C . until he was transferred to the Rhine to take command of a brigade there , shortly before the division preceded home for demobilization . While in command of the Division , Carter - Campbell was awarded the C . B . and the French Legion of Honour ( " Croix du Commandeur " ) . Major General Carter - Campbell was wounded during the First World War . After the war had ended , and he had recovered sufficiently , he was made General officer commanding Northern Ireland in 1920 .
George Palaiologos George Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( ) was a Byzantine general , one of the most prominent military commanders and supporters of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos ( r . 1081 – 1118 ) . He was the son of the first known member of the Palaiologos family , the " strategos " of Mesopotamia Nikephoros Palaiologos . His wife Anna Doukaina was the sister of Eirene Doukaina , the wife of Alexios I Komnenos , making him the emperor ' s brother - in - law . As Alexios Komnenos ' leading general and close friend , he played an important role in his campaigns , especially the Battle of Dyrrhachium against the Normans or the Battle of Levounion against the Pechenegs . He was the chief source used by Anna Komnene in her " Alexiad " on her father ' s battles , and is very favourably portrayed by her in her book as both capable and loyal . Family . George had a younger brother , Nicholas . Through his marriage to Anna Doukaina , he had four sons :
Tre Kronor - class cruiser The " Tre Kronor " class ( English : " Three Crowns " class ) was a class of two cruiser s built for the Swedish Navy during World War II . Design and development . The outbreak of World War II caused the Swedish Navy to change its naval strategy , with it being decided to base the fleet on two squadrons of destroyer s , each of which would be led by a cruiser , instead of the existing organisation of slow coastal defence ship s and small torpedo boat s . In 1940 , therefore , the Swedish government decided that two cruiser s were to be built . The cruisers were designed by the Italian shipyard CRDA in 1940 – 1941 . The main armament was seven Bofors 152 mm gun guns , with one triple turret forward and two twin turrets aft . The guns were being built by Bofors for the s being built in the Netherlands for the Royal Netherlands Navy but were taken over by the Swedish government when the Netherlands surrendered to Germany in May 1940 . They could fire a shell to a range of at a rate of 12 – 15 rounds per minute , and could elevate to 70 degrees , being capable of both anti - surface and anti - aircraft use . Additional anti - aircraft armament was provided by 20 Bofors 40 mm guns in 10 twin turrets and seven 25 mm guns . Six torpedo tubes were fitted , and the ship could also carry 160 mines . A political debate broke out about the cruisers , with this , together with rework of the design , ensured that work did not start until 1943 . The ships were built by the Götaverken and Eriksberg shipyards in Gothenburg . was launched on 16 December 1944 , and on 17 November 1945 . Service history . The delayed start to the ships and industrial action meant that World War II was long over when the ships were completed , with both ships entering service in 1947 . They were refitted in the late 1940s and early 1950s , with a new bridge fitted , radar added and the 25 mm guns replaced by seven more 40 mm Bofors guns . " Göta Lejon " had another major refit between 1957 and 1958 , with new radar being fitted , and a revised secondary anti - aircraft armament of four Bofors 57 mm guns and eleven 40 mm Bofors guns . A similar upgrade for " Tre Kronor " was cancelled due to lack of funds . " Tre Kronor " went into reserve in 1958 , was stricken on 1 January 1964 and sold for scrap in 1968 , being used to build a pontoon bridge . The more modern " Göta Lejon " was not stricken until 1 July 1970 , and was sold to Chile in July 1971 , being commissioned into the Chilean Navy as the " Almirante Latorre " on 18 September 1971 . " Latorre " was stricken from the Chilean Navy in 1984 , and was sold in August 1986 , being scrapped in Taiwan in 1987 .
Amphibious Commandos Group The Amphibious Commandos Group ( , APCA ) is a special operations force of the Argentine Marine Corps , trained to perform quick and objective amphibious reconnaissance , assault raids , and direct action operations . It was created in 1952 by the Vigilance and Security Company of Submarine Bases ( today known as " Base Naval Mar del Plata " ) . During the late 1980s , the group was relocated to its current base in Puerto Belgrano . In 1960 the group received its first advanced training course of amphibious reconnaissance , airborne , and HALO / HAHO parachuting in the Military Diving School and in the Argentine Army . With the personnel of the 7th Marine Corps Company , formed in 1966 the Amphibious Reconnaissance Company , it took new tasks and responsibilities . The commando course was incorporated in the training in 1973 , and in the next year the unit acquired the denomination of Amphibious Commandos Group . The members of this group wear green berets with unit badges . The group participated in 1978 and 1979 in the Marine Corps force deployment in Tierra del Fuego , executing many special operations missions . On April 2 , 1982 , the unit integrated with the Amphibious Task Force in the Falklands Islands War , taking part in the Governor ' s House battle , the assault on Moody Brook barracks , the combat of the South Georgia Islands and a couple of recce missions . The group was awarded the " Honor al valor en combate " condecoration . The unit ' s motto is " Stirps Virilis " .
Douglas Reynolds Douglas Reynolds VC ( 20 September 1882 – 23 February 1916 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Educated at Cheltenham College . He was 31 years old , and a Captain in the 37th Bty . , Royal Field Artillery , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 26 August 1914 at Le Cateau , France , Captain Reynolds took up two teams with volunteer drivers , to recapture two British guns and limbered up two guns under heavy artillery and infantry fire . Although the enemy was within 100 yards he managed , with the help of two drivers ( Job Henry Charles Drain and Frederick Luke ) , to get one gun away safely . On 9 September at Pysloup , he reconnoitred at close range , discovered a battery which was holding up the advance and silenced it . Reynolds later achieved the rank of Major , but was wounded in action , and died in the Duchess of Westminster ' s hospital in Le Touquet , France , on 23 February 1916 . Major Reynolds is buried in Etaples Military Cemetery in Northern France , while his Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Artillery Museum in Woolwich , London .
Battle of Jeddah ( 1925 ) The Battle of Jeddah or the Siege of Jeddah took place in 1925 , as part of the Ibn Saud ' s campaign to conquer the Kingdom of Hejaz . Jeddah was the last major stand of the Hashemites against the Saudis . Information . Following the fall of Mecca to King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud in early December 1924 , King Ali bin Hussein moved back to Jeddah , trying to defend it against the Nejd Army . Ali ' s remaining army started to build fortifications around the city and place mines . Ali requested help and supply from his brothers ' states , King Abdullah of Transjordan and King Faisal of Iraq . They both supplied Ali with arms and men . Also , Ali ' s two old airplanes were not enough for the incoming battle so he bought five aircraft from Italy and several tank s from Germany . Regardless , Ali could not stand for long . The nearby clans were Ibn Saud ' s allies . The supplies from Aqaba traveled slowly to Jeddah , besides he had only two pilots , one of whom died during the battle . Eventually , the chiefs of Jeddah decided to surrender the city to Ibn Saud , while King Ali escaped to Baghdad over the Red Sea . The siege ended on 17 December 1925 ( 1343 A . H . ) . Consequently , Ibn Saud was declared the new King of Hejaz . The following year , Ibn Saud merged the Hejaz with the Nejd as one state .
Henderson Brooks – Bhagat Report The Henderson Brooks - Bhagat report , also referred to as the Henderson Brooks report , is the report of an analysis ( Operations Review ) of the Sino - Indian War of 1962 . Its authors are officers of the Indian armed forces . They are Lieutenant - General Henderson Brooks and Brigadier P S Bhagat , commandant of the Indian Military Academy at the time . The report continues to be classified by the Indian Government , as of August 2013 . In April 2010 , India ' s Defence Minister A . K . Antony told Parliament that the report could not be declassified because its contents “ are not only extremely sensitive but are of current operational value . " The report is said to be openly critical of the Indian political and military structure of the time , as well as of the execution of operations . The committee of Henderson - Brooks had submitted its report to Government in April 1963 but Government refuses to make it public . Author Neville Maxwell has published what he claims are summaries of the report . While this has not been verified by comparisons with the ( still classified ) text , it has been accepted as a reasonable summary by the Indian media . Another extract of Indo - China war makes interesting reading . As of Feb 2008 , MP Rajeev Chandrasekhar has requested the report to be declassified in the National Security interest , This has been declined by the defense Minister A K Antony . He has quoted that the same would not be released " considering the sensitivity of information contained in the report and its security implications " This request to declassify report was repeated by senior BJP leader Rajnath Singh on 21 October 2012 . References . 5 . http : / / www . tribuneindia . com / 2012 / 20121015 / edit . htm # 6
Margarete Rabe Margarete Rabe , born in Neustadt - Glewe on October 2 , 1923 , was a guard at two concentration camps from November 1944 until April 1945 . In 1944 , Rabe applied to the Neustadt camp office at Neustadt - Glewe to be a guard , and was stationed at Ravensbrück concentration camp on November 7 , 1944 . She immediately began mistreating the female prisoners there , and was infamous in the camp for her brutality . In late November or early December 1944 , Rabe was one of several guards to be posted to the Uckermark camp under Ruth Closius . There the young SS " Aufseherin " helped select women and children for the gas chambers , and also took part in murders and torture ( one survivor commented that the SS women in Uckermark were the most brutal of any in the Ravensbrück complex ) . In April 1945 , Rabe fled the Uckermark camp . At the third Ravensbrück Trial in April 1948 , the British court handed her a sentence of life imprisonment . It was estimated that she had selected 3 , 000 women prisoners for the gas chamber and other execution methods . Rabe was released from prison on February 26 , 1954 , having served five years and ten months in confinement .
Ann Wood - Kelly Ann Wood - Kelly ( 31 March 1918 – 14 May 2006 ) was an American aviator who flew with the British Air Transport Auxiliary in the Second World War . Early life . Ann Wood was born in Philadelphia in 1918 and was educated there and at Namur , Belgium . When she returned to the United States she continued her education at Melrose Academy , Philadelphia and then graduated from D ’ Youville College , Buffalo , New York with a degree in English Literature . Aviator . She gained a place on the Bowdoin College flight training program in 1941 and after eight hours of flying went solo . Wood - Kelly then stayed with the college and became a flight instructor . Jacqueline Cochran a pioneer female aviator tried to form an American auxiliary with female pilots , but with little interest from the authorities she recruited 24 women , including Wood - Kelly to sail to the United Kingdom to join the British Air Transport Auxiliary . During her time as a ferry pilot with the ATA she flew more than 900 aircraft of 75 different types ranging from the single - engined Supermarine Spitfire fighter to the four - engined Avro Lancaster heavy bomber . In 1946 , she was awarded the King ' s Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom for her services to the United Kingdom . After the war she became an assistant to the United States Air attaché in London before she returned to the United States . She became a public relations manager for Northeast Airlines , and later worked for Pan American Airways , becoming the first female vice - president with Pan Am . Family life . In her last ten years she travelled around the United States giving lectures on her experiences . She had married airline executive Jackson Kelly in 1948 and had a son but the marriage was dissolved . She died on 14 April 2006 aged 88 .
Gustav A . Sundquist Gustav Adolf Sundquist ( June 4 , 1879 – August 25 , 1918 ) was an ordinary seaman serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Sundquist was born June 4 , 1879 in Sweden and after immigrating to the United States he entered the navy . He was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Nashville as an ordinary seaman . After receiving the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Spanish - American war he retired from the navy in 1900 , but rejoined it in 1918 and participated in World War I . He drowned on August 25 , 1918 and has a cenotaph in Brookwood American Cemetery and Memorial ( ABMC ) Brookwood Surrey , England . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Ordinary Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 4 June 1879 , Sweden . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 529 , 2 November 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Sundquist displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
Cēsis Castle Cēsis Castle ( ) is a Livonian castle situated in Cēsis , Latvia . Its ruins are some of the most majestic castle ruins in the Baltic states . Once the most important castle of the Livonian Order , it was the official residence for the masters of the order . It was partly destroyed during the Great Northern War . History . German crusaders known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword began construction of the castle ( " Wenden " ) near the hill fort in 1209 . When the castle was enlarged and fortified , it served as the residence for the Order ' s Master from 1237 till 1561 , with periodic interruptions . In 1577 , during the Livonian War , the garrison destroyed the castle to prevent it from falling into the control of Ivan the Terrible , who was decisively defeated in the Battle of Wenden ( 1578 ) . In 1598 it was incorporated into the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth and Wenden Voivodship was created here . In 1620 Wenden was conquered by Sweden . It was rebuilt afterwards , but was destroyed again in 1703 during the Great Northern War by the Russia n army and left in a ruined state . Already from the end of the 16th century , the premises of the Order ' s castle were adjusted to the requirements of the Cēsis Castle estate . When in 1777 the Cēsis Castle estate was obtained by Count Carl Sievers , he had his new residence house built on the site of the eastern block of the castle , joining its end wall with the fortification tower . In Literature . Cēsis Castle and its relationship to literature can be found in several Eastern European examples , most notably in Alexander Bestuzhev ' s short - story " Castle Wenden " ( Wenden is German for Cēsis ) . In the story , Bestuzhev attempted to create a Gothic tale that likely functioned as a partially political commentary on the state of Russian politics , due to his connection with the Decemberists . In the story , the castle plays a central role as the backdrop to a fictionalized account of the death of Wenno , the first Master of the Order of Livonian Knights , an historical event still much debated in medieval studies . The story creates a Gothic tale in the tradition of " The Castle of Otranto " , while making partial ties to Russia ' s history in Latvia . Today . Since 1949 , the Cēsis History Museum has been located in this New Castle of the Cēsis Castle estate . The front yard of the New Castle is enclosed by a granary and a stable - coach house , which now houses the Exhibition Hall of the Museum . Beside the granary there is the oldest brewery in Latvia , " Cēsu alus darītava " , which was built in 1878 during the later Count Sievers ' time , but its origins date back to the period of the Livonian Order . Further on , the Cēsis Castle park is situated , which was laid out in 1812 . The park has the romantic characteristic of that time , with its winding foot - paths , exotic plants , and the waters of the pond reflecting the castle ' s ruins . Nowadays also one of the towers is open for tourists .
Chorrillos Military School The Chorrillos Military School ( ) is the institution in charge of the undergraduate education of officer s of the Peruvian Army . The school was opened in 1898 and is located at Chorrillos , Lima , Peru , hence its name . As of December 2012 , its current director is Brigade General Villarroel Rosssi Augusto . It was also the " alma mater " of Manuel Noriega .
Brandt 60 mm LR Gun - mortar The Brandt 60 mm Long Range gun - mortar is a breech loading mortar capable of flat - trajectory firing like a gun . It is used solely for the armament of light armoured vehicles such as armoured personnel carrier s ( APCs ) or IFV s to give them a useful anti - armour capability . Description . The French - made Brandt 60 mm LR Gun - mortar is a very unusual mortar , which is capable of firing like a gun . It is a smoothbore weapon that uses the same fin - stabilized bombs as normal 60 mm infantry mortars . These bombs can be breech - loaded within the vehicle on which the mortar is mounted , or drop - loaded in the usual mortar fashion . Ammunition . The Gun - mortar mortar can fire the standard infantry 60 mm bomb , but is also provided with a high - velocity fin - stabilized piercing shot , and a fin - stabilized shaped - charge bomb , to give the weapon increased anti - armour capability . References . [ [ Category : 60 mm artillery ] ] [ [ Category : Vehicle weapons ] ] [ [ Category : Modern mortars ] ] [ [ Category : Modern French weapons ] ]