naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siege of Rome ( 549 – 50 ) Totila , military and political leader of the Ostrogoths , was attempting to re - conquer the whole of Italy from Justinian and his great general , Belisarius . Belisarius , under Justinian , wanted to conquer all of Italy and restore Italy to its former glory . After Belisarius conquered much of Italy , including the Ostrogoths ' capital , Ravenna , the Ostrogoths appointed Totila to power and took much of Italy back over as soon as Belisarius returned to Constantinople . The Gothic Wars laid waste to much of Italy . In 549 - 550 , Totila , the Ostrogothic leader , besieged Rome for the third and final time . With Belisarius ' return to Constantinople the summer before , Totila did not run into any of his previous problems . The Ostrogoths had attempted to besiege Rome two different times before , but fell short or were defeated by Belisarius . Totila first attempted to capture Rome by simply storming the walls and overpowering and exhausting the small Roman garrison of 3 , 000 , but to no avail . The Roman garrison stationed had acted bravely and defended the walls from Totila ’ s men valorously . Totila , seeing that storming the walls was ineffective , then decided to either blockade the city or starve and wait it out instead of losing more of his own soldiers than was necessary . Totila understood that a blockade could take months or years , but was in a far better position than the last siege attempt and decided it was the best course of action . The commander Diogenes , suspecting the siege , had made previous preparations of food stores and had wheat fields plowed and ready inside the city walls to try and prepare for a long lasting blockade . The Roman soldiers , suffering from hunger and mistreatment from Justinian , were given a choice by Totila . Open the gates of the city and give up and be paid a hefty sum , like the garrison before them in the second siege , or continue fighting for Justinian , who had not paid the men in years , and possibly die . Some of the soldiers , while hesitant due to the possible consequences , decided to side with Totila and opened the gate for Totila ’ s men . Totila ’ s men destroyed the unsuspecting Roman garrison and swept through the city capturing , killing , and looting all but women , for Totila gave orders to spare and respect the Roman women . Totila , expecting much of the nobles and garrison to flee as soon as the walls were overtaken , had set traps along the roadways to neighboring towns that were not yet under his control . As he had guessed correctly many Romans were caught by ambush while fleeing Rome . Only few , including Diogenes , the Roman commander , safely escaped Totila ’ s takeover of Rome and his roadside ambush . In earlier sieges Totila wanted to simply destroy Rome , but at the plea of his people he understood the importance of Rome . With the capture of Rome , Totila decided to repopulate , rebuild , and defend Rome against all future attacks from Justinian .
William E . Holyoke William Edward Holyoke ( March 13 , 1868 – April 3 , 1934 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Holyoke was born March 13 , 1868 in Groveton , New Hampshire , and after entering the navy he was sent as a Boatswain ' s Mate First Class to China to fight in the Boxer Rebellion . He died April 3 , 1934 , and is buried in Charles Evans Cemetery in Reading , Pennsylvania . His grave can be found in section 67A , row 4 , grave 41 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Boatswain ' s Mate First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 13 March 1868 , Groveton , N . H . Accredited to : Illinois . G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation : In action with the relief expedition of the allied forces in China , 13 , 20 , 21 and 22 June 1900 . During this period and in the presence of the enemy , Holyoke distinguished himself by meritorious conduct .
2004 Fallujah ambush The 2004 Fallujah ambush occurred on March 31 , 2004 , when Iraqi insurgents attacked a convoy containing four American contractors from the private military company Blackwater USA who were conducting delivery for food caterers ESS . The ambush . The four armed contractors , Scott Helvenston , Jerko Zovko , Wesley Batalona , and Mike Teague , were killed and dragged from their vehicles . Their bodies were beaten and burned , with their charred corpses then dragged through the city streets before being hung over a bridge crossing the Euphrates River . Reactions . Photos of the event , showing jubilant Iraqis posing with the charred corpses , were then released to news agencies worldwide , which caused a great deal of indignation in the United States . This prompted the announcement of a counter - insurgency campaign in the city . Response . The ambush led to the First Battle of Fallujah , a U . S . - led operation to retake control of the city . However , the battle was halted mid - way for political reasons , resulting in an insurgent victory . Seven months later , in November 2004 , a second attempt at capturing the city , the Second Battle of Fallujah , proved successful . 2005 lawsuit . The families of the victims filed suit ( Helvenston et al . v . Blackwater Security ) against Blackwater USA for wrongful death in January 2005 .
Milecastle 39 Milecastle 39 , also known as Castle Nick , is a Roman fortification along Hadrian ' s Wall . Milecastle 39 was partly excavated by archaeologists in the 19th century , and more fully in the 1980s by conservation workers . The milecastle measures 19m long by 15 . 5m across with stone walls standing 1 . 75m high . The excavations in the mid - 1980s revealed that barracks blocks that were initially built inside the milecastle had later been replaced by small individual buildings . The milecastle was occupied continuously until the fourth century AD .
Albert S . Berry Albert Seaton Berry ( May 13 , 1836 – January 6 , 1908 ) was a U . S . Representative from Kentucky . Biography . Born in Fairfield ( now Dayton ) , Campbell County , Kentucky , Berry attended the public schools . He graduated from Miami University , Oxford , Ohio , in 1855 and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1858 . He was admitted to the bar and practiced law . He served as prosecuting attorney of Newport , Kentucky , in 1859 . He served in the Confederate States Marine Corps throughout the Civil War . He served five terms as mayor of Newport , beginning in 1870 . He served as member of the Kentucky Senate in 1878 and 1884 . Berry was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty - third and to the three succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1893 – March 3 , 1901 ) . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1900 . He resumed the practice of law . He was appointed and subsequently elected judge of the seventeenth judicial district of Kentucky and served from 1905 until his death in Newport , Kentucky , January 6 , 1908 . He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery .
Gary Coward Lieutenant General Sir Gary Robert Coward KBE CB is a senior British Army officer , who previously served as Chief of Materiél ( Land ) and Quartermaster - General to the Forces until May 2012 . Military career . Coward was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1974 but transferred to the Army Air Corps in 1983 . In 1995 he was deployed to the Bosnia and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his service there . He provided daily briefings on television from Sarajevo during the conflict . He was appointed Director of Equipment Capability at the Ministry of Defence in 2003 and then moved on to be General Officer Commanding Joint Helicopter Command in 2005 . In 2007 he moved on again to be Chief of Staff at Permanent Joint Headquarters in Northwood . He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 2008 Queen ' s Birthday Honours . In September 2009 he was made Director of Materiel ( Land ) and Quartermaster - General to the Forces . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE ) in the 2012 Birthday Honours . He is also a patron of the armed forces career management charity , Soldier On !
Battle of Luckau The Battle of Luckau was fought at Luckau in Brandenburg on 6 June 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition , part of the Napoleonic Wars . Allied Russian and Prussian forces under General Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow defeated part of a French - Allied corps under Marshal Nicolas Oudinot . This action was the last one until the summer armistice ended in August . Luckau is south - southeast of Berlin . Battle . Oudinot commanded the XII Corps and brought only General of Division Michel Marie Pacthod ' s 13th Division into action . This unit consisted of two brigades under Generals of Brigade Bernard Pourailly and Antoine Gruyer . Pourailly led the 7th Battalion of the 6th Line Infantry Regiment , the 3rd and 4th Battalions of the 7th Line , the 4th Battalion of the 1st Light , and the 4th Battalion of the 10th Line . Gruyer directed the 2nd , 3rd and 4th Battalions of the 101st Line Infantry Regiment , and the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 1st Neapolitan Light Infantry Regiment . Also engaged in the fight were two foot artillery batteries and two squadrons each of the Bavarian and Hesse - Darmstatt Chevau - léger Regiments . Bülow ' s force consisted of 16 and a half battalions , 10 squadrons , 1 Cossack Pulk , and 58 guns . His 15 , 800 men included a Russian brigade led by General - major Harpe and a Prussian brigade commanded by Prince Ludwig von Hesse - Homburg . The Russians and Prussians lost about 800 killed and wounded in the action . The French and their allies suffered 1 , 500 killed and wounded . In addition , Bülow ' s soldiers captured 700 men , one cannon , and two ammunition wagons . After the combat , Oudinot withdrew southwest to Ubigau near Dresden . An armistice , which was signed on 4 June , halted the fighting .
Juan Vigón Juan Vigón Suerodíaz ( Colunga , Asturias , Spain 1880 - Madrid 1955 ) was a Spanish general who fought in the Spanish Civil War for the Nationalists . Before the war he was chosen by king Alfonso XIII to educate his sons , which he did from November 1925 to 1930 . At the beginning of the Second Spanish Republic ( 14 April 1931 ) he left the army due to his monarchist sympathies . With just a brief return to the army during the 1934 revolution , he kept out of the army , as lieutenant - colonel in reserve , until the Spanish Civil War broke in 18 July 1936 . In Argentina at the outbreak of the war , he returned to Spain where his first military position was as Chief of Staff of Coronel Beorlegui , in the Campaign of Guipúzcoa . Later on he was nominated as Colonel of Staff during the Battle of Bilbao and was the architect of the " Northern Campaign " as a member of the General Staff . He was awarded the Military Medal and became General after the " Northern Campaign " , became commander ' s chief of staff at the Aragon Offensive . After the war was Minister of the Air Force , Lieutenant - General and , until his death in 1955 , president of the Nuclear Energy Board , and of the Aeronautical Technic National Institute . Franco granted him a posthumous marquisate .
Marine Aerial Navigator insignia The Marine Aerial Navigator insignia is a military badge of the United States Marine Corps that is issued to Marine Corps enlisted personnel who complete flight training as a navigator on board Marine Corps aircraft . The Marine Aerial Navigator insignia is not issued to U . S . Naval aviation personnel and is the only independent aviation insignia issued to the Marine Corps . The Marine Aerial Navigator insignia is similar in appearance to the Naval Flight Officer insignia and is considered a " successor " to the Naval Aviation Observer ( Navigation ) insignia , issued between March 1945 and March 1947 . To be awarded the Marine Aerial Navigator insignia , a service member must complete the Marine Aerial Navigator Course . The Marine Aerial Navigation School was stationed at Mather AFB , until that base was closed under the BRAC , upon which time it was moved to Randolph AFB . The Marine Aerial Navigation School remained at Randolph until the school was decommissioned with the graduation of Class 04 - 01 on 31 July 2004 . Presently , personnel must obtain an equivalent formal course of another service and volunteer to fly as enlisted aircrew . Marine Aerial Navigators were eliminated with the introduction of the KC - 130J aircraft . While training of Marine Aerial Navigators has ceased , they continue to fly on the ' legacy ' KC - 130T aircraft until their eventual replacement with KC - 130J airframes . Upon completion of training , and certification as a Marine Corps Navigator , the Marine Aerial Navigator insignia is presented . After designation , Marine Aerial Navigators serve in the Military Occupational Specialty ( MOS ) 7371 ( Aerial Navigator - Trainee ) while undergoing aircraft model - specific training and move into MOS 7372 ( First Navigator ) upon completion of their aircraft type training . Navigators that enter the warrant officer ranks move into MOS 7380 ( Mission Specialist / Navigation Officer ) . There is no separate insignia worn by warrant officer navigators .
Chilean destroyer Hyatt ( 1928 ) The second Hyatt was a " Serrano " class destroyer of the Chilean Navy from 1928 to 1967 . She was laid down in 1927 by Thornycroft , at Woolston , Hampshire , England . She was launched by Mrs Margarita L . de Cubillos in November 1928 , and commissioned on April 1929 . The " Hyatt " was one of six vessels in its class to serve Chile . The class was ordered from the United Kingdom and delivered in 1928 and 1929 . Like its sister ships and it was also equipped with mine laying capability . The vessels had a displacement of 1450 tonnes and were armed with three 4 . 7 - inch and one 3 - inch DP guns as well as six 21 - inch torpedo tubes . The ships could make 35 knots , but their light built proved unsuitable for the harsh southern waters off Chile ' s coast .
Gerhard Berthold Gerhard Berthold ( 12 March 1891 – 14 April 1942 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Berthold was killed on 14 April 1942 in Yukhnov , Russia . He was posthumously promoted to Generalleutnant .
USS Black Hawk ( AD - 9 ) USS " Black Hawk " ( AD - 9 ) was launched in 1913 as by William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Co . , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ; purchased by the U . S . Navy on 3 December 1917 ; and commissioned 15 May 1918 , Commander R . C . Bulmer in command . Service history . Post World War I operations . Assigned as tender and flagship to the Mine Force , " Black Hawk " departed Boston in June 1918 to take station at Inverness , Scotland . She remained there until the end of World War I and then shifted her base to Kirkwall , Orkney Islands , for the North Sea mine sweep . She returned to New York in November 1919 and served as flagship and tender for the Atlantic Fleet destroyer s in reserve at Philadelphia . After the installation of a torpedo workshop and other equipment she was designated a destroyer tender ( AD - 9 ) in November 1920 and reported as flagship of the Operative Squadron , Destroyer Flotillas , Atlantic Fleet . She served mainly in Caribbean and Panamanian waters until June 1922 when she left Newport , Rhode Island , via the Suez Canal , for the Asiatic Squadron . " Black Hawk " remained in the Far East for twenty years during which she tended Destroyer Squadrons 5 ( 1922 – 40 ) and 29 ( 1940 – 42 ) . World War II . On 7 December 1941 " Black Hawk " was at Balikpapan , Borneo . She operated as a tender and repair ship at Java until 31 December 1941 ; at Darwin , Australia ( January - 3 February 1942 ) ; Java ( 3 – 20 February ) ; and in Australian waters ( 26 February - 29 May ) . Leaving Australia she steamed to Pearl Harbor , arriving 15 June 1942 . She was assigned tender duty in Alaskan waters and arrived at Kodiak on 29 July 1942 . Remaining there until 4 November 1942 she then returned to San Francisco , California , for repairs and overhaul . Completing her overhaul 16 March 1943 , " Black Hawk " returned to Alaskan waters , arriving 10 April 1943 . Except for a short stay at Pearl Harbor ( 30 September 1943 – 1 February 1944 ) , she remained at Adak until 21 March 1945 . Following repairs at Alameda , California , she arrived at Pearl Harbor 30 May 1945 ; remained there until 11 September ; and then proceeded to Okinawa . " Black Hawk " served in the Far East tending vessels at Okinawa and in China until 20 May 1946 when she headed home for the last time . Decommissioned on 15 August 1946 , she was transferred to Maritime Commission on 4 September 1947 . USS " Black Hawk " received one battle star for her service in World War II .
USS Naumkeag ( 1863 ) USS " Naumkeag " ( 1863 ) was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat assigned to patrol Confederate waterways . " Naumkeag " , a wooden stern - wheel steamboat built at Cincinnati , Ohio , early in 1863 , was purchased by the Navy at Cairo , Illinois , 14 April 1863 from Allen Collier ; and commissioned at Mound City , Illinois , 16 April 1863 , Lt . Comdr . George Brown in command . The Union effort to control the rivers of the Confederacy . The Civil War in the west was largely a struggle to control the Mississippi River and its tributaries which united vast reaches of the Confederacy . As determined Federal forces wiped out Southern naval power on these inland waters , and finally won unbroken possession of the Mississippi Valley with the conquest of Vicksburg , the South selected cavalry raids and guerilla tactics as the most promising means of snatching their fruits of victory from the North . The terror tactics of Confederate General John Morgan . On 7 July 1863 , three days after Vicksburg surrendered , Brig . Gen . John Hunt Morgan , CSA , attacked Union positions on the upper Ohio and captured Union steamers " John T . McCombs " and " Alice Dean " . He crossed the river at Brandenburg and raced east through southern Indiana and Ohio — burning bridges , tearing up railroads , destroying Federal public property , and terrifying the countryside . In pursuit of General Morgan . Learning of the attack the next day , Lt . Comdr . Le Royo Fitch , the Union naval commander in the region , ordered his ships up river in pursuit of the raiders . " Naumkeag " joined the chase on the 10th . On the 19th , the gunboats caught up with Morgan at a ford above Buffington Island some 250 miles east of Cincinnati , Ohio , and attacked , forcing the Southerners to flee up river leaving their wounded and foot soldiers behind to be captured . The Union ships followed Morgan ’ s troops until stopped by shallow water . Final operations , decommissioning and civilian career . " Naumkeag " continued to operate on the western rivers through the end of the war . She decommissioned at Mound City , Illinois , 11 August 1865 , and was sold at public auction there to Charles F . Dumont 17 August 1865 . She redocumented as " Montgomery " 16 September 1865 and served on the rivers of the South until destroyed by fire at Erie , Alabama , 19 January 1867 .
Battle of Bow Street The Battle of Bow Street is the name given to a riot which took place in Bow Street , London during March 1919 . The riot involved an estimated 2000 Australian , American and Canadian servicemen fighting against 50 Metropolitan Police officers . Rioting in Bow Street . During March 1919 , Metropolitan Police officers patrolling the Strand came across three American soldiers and sailors , playing dice outside the ' Eagle Hut ' which was a rest and relaxation center set up by the YMCA . When the servicemen were advised by the police officers that this was illegal , they protested that they had won the Great War for the British and that they would do as they pleased . Upon the two officers placing the three servicemen under arrest , a large crowd gathered round and a pitched battle began . Due to the officers being outnumbered they sounded their police whistles signalling the need for assistance , which brought reinforcements . In the following melee several servicemen were struck with truncheons . A corporal named Zimmerman addressed the crowd stating that he would stop the trouble himself . However , several officers believing that he was in the process of drawing a firearm from under his coat , felled him with truncheon blows around the head . The police fought their way back to Bow Street Police Station , taking their prisoners with them . Later that night a rumour circulated among servicemen that Zimmerman had died in police custody ; despite the efforts of YMCA staff and American Officers to assure the crowd that this was untrue , the crowd proceeded to throw bricks and stones at Bow Street Police Station . Around twenty police officers forced the crowd back with a baton charge , and later joined by thirty more officers the police formed a protective line around the police station . The police repeated successful baton charges when the mob tried to overwhelm them . Later in the night mounted police cleared the street of servicemen , and a large number of police stayed on duty well into the night to counter any renewed disturbance . Aftermath . Following an investigation into the events , 30 servicemen were arrested , with seven American soldiers and sailors handed over to the Military Police Corps and the US Navy shore patrol respectively . Four Canadian servicemen appeared at Bow Street Magistrates ' Court charged with riot , and six other servicemen who were injured in the riot were kept under guard in hospital before a later appearance in court .
Royal Norwegian Navy The Royal Norwegian Navy is the water branch of the Royal Norwegian Armed Forces . That consists of 3700 soldiers and 70 Vessels including 3 Light Frigates , 5 heavy frigates , 6 Submarines , 6 corvettes , 14 patrol ship , 8 minesweepers , 1 mine detector , 4 support vessels and 2 vessels of training . The name of its ships are prefixed KNM , Abbreviation for " K " ongelig " N " orske " M " Arina ( Royal Norwegian Navy ) . The coast guard ships have them prefix KV " K " ongelige " V " akttjeneste ( Royal Guard Service ) .