naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Military interpreter ( France ) Military interpreter s in the French Army translate into and out of foreign languages for the French military . A sous - officier or interpreter officer serves in uniform , accompanying the French armed forces on all its foreign expeditions for 200 years . Today known as Officiers et Sous - officiers de Réserve Qualifiés Langues Etrangères ( OSRQLE ) , they were formerly known as Officiers Linguistes de Réserve de l ' Armée de Terre ( OLRAT ) , Interprètes / Officiers Interprètes de Réserve de l ' Armée de Terre ( IRAT / OIRAT ) or Officiers de Liaison et Interprète de Réserve ( OLIR ) . The unit was first set up for Bonaparte ' s Egyptian expedition , and so their insignia is a sphinx on a blue terrestrial globe divided up by lingual barriers , on a round grey circular background with rays symbolising each of the languages spoken by their unit History . French invasion of Egypt . The 1931 " notice sur les Officiers Interprètes " by the unit ' s commander Abribat ( a notice largely inspired by the 1876 " Les Interprètes de l ’ Armée d ’ Afrique " by Laurent - Charles Feraud ) began : Conquerors have always been surrounded by interpreters , a necessity to keep their operations moving , but it took Bonaparte to formalise the military interpreter ' s role and function . Training . All military interpreter applicants are usually qualified enough for conducting interpretation right after being commissioned . But , there are several different courses they have to take before being attached to their positions . The courses vary a lot depending on countries , branches , positions and others . ( Clooney Kim )
Henry Reynolds ( VC ) Henry Reynolds VC MC ( 16 August 1883 – 26 March 1948 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 38 - years old , and a T / Captain in the 12th Battalion , The Royal Scots ( The Lothian Regiment ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 20 September 1917 near Frezenberg , Belgium , Captain Reynolds ' company were suffering heavy casualties from enemy machine - guns and a pill - box . Captain Reynolds reorganised his men and then proceeded alone , rushing from shell - hole to shell - hole under heavy fire . When near the pill - box , he threw a grenade which should have fallen inside , but the entrance was blocked , so crawling to the entrance he forced a phosphorus grenade in . This set the place on fire , killing three , and the remainder surrendered with two machine - guns . Afterwards , although wounded , Captain Reynolds captured another objective , with 70 prisoners and two more machine - guns . The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Scots Museum , Edinburgh Castle , Scotland .
HMS Dartmouth ( 1693 ) HMS " Dartmouth " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy , launched at Rotherhithe on 24 July 1693 . She was captured by the French in 1695 . Upon her re - capture in 1702 she was renamed HMS " Vigo " , as a new ship of the navy had already been commissioned as . Her service as HMS " Vigo " was short however , as she was wrecked in 1703 .
Operation Amherst Operation Amherst was a Free French and British SAS attack designed to capture intact Dutch canals , bridges and airfields during World War II . It was led by Brigadier Mike Calvert of Chindit fame . The battle . The operation began with the drop of 700 French Special Air Service troopers of 3 and 4 SAS ( French ) on the night of 7 April 1945 . The teams spread out to capture and defend key facilities from the Germans . Advancing Canadian troops of the 8th Reconnaissance Regiment relieved the isolated French SAS . The majority of the French paratroopers were dropped over the north - western part of the province of Drenthe . Here they occupied a series of bridges and conducted hit and run attacks on the withdrawing German troops . A small group of paratroopers under the command of Captain Pierre Sicaud were dropped in south - east Friesland close to the border of Drenthe . Under the cover of heavy clouds , several sticks consisting of approximately 15 paratroopers each managed to land without being detected by the Germans . Captain Sicaud , however , landed in a pine tree and his eye was pierced by a branch , seriously limiting the use of his eye . Some of the French paratroopers were discovered by a band of Dutch resistance fighters who had made their shelter in the vast forests south of the small village of Appelscha . Led by an agent of the Dutch government in exile in England , the paratroopers re - grouped and conducted a series of attacks on German troops retreating through the area to Germany . Sicaud and his paratroopers occupied an important bridge , seriously frustrating German troop movements . A series of running battles between the French , the Germans , and Dutch Nazi collaborators were conducted near the bridge . The civilian population of Appelscha , after a relatively calm five years of German occupation , experienced five days of heavy fighting that left no civilian casualties but plenty of German dead . One group of paratroopers was dropped too far from Captain Sicaud and ended up on the outskirts of the small village of Haulerwijk , ten kilometers north of Appelscha . German troops discovered the French in the early morning of 8 April and a fire fight broke out between the French and the Germans . One French SAS trooper was killed , while some of the French were captured and some managed to flee and catch up with the French fighting in and around Appelscha . Eventually , in disarray , the Germans managed to counterattack with the rest of their troop . Some SAS and civilians were killed , but the remaining SAS troops forced the Germans to withdraw . This mini battle was referred to as " the last Amherst " where part of the town was destroyed , and a huge conflict ensued .
10 . 4 cm Feldkanone M . 15 The 10 . 4 cm Feldkanone M . 15 was a heavy field gun used by Austria - Hungary in World War I . Guns captured or turned over to Italy as reparations after World War I were taken into Italian service as the Cannone da 105 / 32 and were bored out to 105 mm to fit Italian ammunition . It was one of the principal Italian long - range guns in World War II and saw service in North Africa and Russia . Those few guns that were captured from the Italians by the Germans after the Italian surrender in 1943 were designated as 10 . 5 cm Kanone 320 ( i ) . It doesn ' t seem to have seen service with any of the Austro - Hungarian successor states after World War I . For transport it broke down into the customary two loads . And it carried the customary two seats on the gun shield for crewmen . All data given herein is for the Italian version of the gun . A rusting 10 . 4 cm Skoda was found in the Presanella mountains in the year 2000 , where it supposed it was dueling an Italian during the First World War . Found at 3171 meters altitude , the gun came completely out of the glacier in the very warm summer of 2003 . Because it was located on a 45 degree slope , the risk of it sliding down was considered too great , so the gun was relocated by lifting it with a Superpuma helicopter .
Battle of Eniwetok The Battle of Eniwetok was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II , fought between 17 February 1944 and 23 February 1944 , on Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands . Background . The invasion of Eniwetok followed the American success in the Battle of Kwajalein to the southeast . Capture of Eniwetok would provide an airfield and harbour to support attacks on the Mariana Islands to the northwest . In 1943 the Japanese established light defenses at Eniwetok — they believed that the Americans would strike at the southwestern Marshalls first . The 1st Amphibious Brigade reinforced the defenders in January ; its commander , Major General Yoshimi Nishida along with Tank Company / 1st Amphibious Brigade led by First Lieut . Ichikawa ( 9 Type 95 Light Tanks ) . The 1st Amphibious began to construct defenses , but repeated air attacks made this difficult , and the tiny coral islands meant that defense in depth would be impossible . Vice Admiral Raymond Spruance preceded the invasion by Operation Hailstone , a carrier strike against the Japanese base at Truk in the Caroline Islands . This raid destroyed 15 warships and more than 250 planes , cutting off Eniwetok from support and supply . Battle . Naval bombardment of Eniwetok began on 17 February , and the 22nd Marine Regiment , commanded by Colonel John T . Walker , landed on Engebi Island , on the north side of the atoll , on 18 February at 08 : 44 . Resistance was light , and the island secured within six hours . Captured documents suggested that the defenses on Eniwetok Island would be light , and accordingly there was only a short bombardment on 19 February before the 106th Infantry Regiment went ashore . However , the Japanese soldiers had strong positions , and the Americans were stopped by heavy automatic fire . The island was not secured until 21 February . 37 Americans were killed ; more than 800 Japanese defenders died . The mistake was not repeated at Parry Island . The battleships and and other ships delivered more than 900 tons of explosive onto the island . When the 22nd Marines landed on 22 February resistance was light . On 23 February the other islands of the atoll were captured . Aftermath . Eniwetok Atoll provided a forward base for the United States Navy for its later operations .
Operation Tiger Hammer Operation Tiger Hammer was part of the Iraq War that began in 2003 . Iraqi Army soldiers conducted a battalion - sized cordon and search operation in the Adhamiyah District of the Iraqi capital 7 June . The combined mission , dubbed Operation Tiger Hammer , was conducted by elements of the 1st and 3rd battalions of the 1st Brigade , 11th Iraqi Army Division with support provided by Multi - National Division – Baghdad Soldiers from Company C , 1st Battalion , 26th Infantry Regiment , operating in Baghdad with the 2nd Brigade Combat Team , 82nd Airborne Division . The four - hour operation netted nine detainees and 38 illegal weapons . Just after sunrise , the U . S . troops established blocking positions around the neighborhood while the Iraqi units fanned out through the narrow streets , searching houses and apartment complexes room - by - room for weapons and contraband . “ This just shows the commitment of the Iraqi Army to protecting the people of Adhamiyah by going after criminals and terrorists who want to create instability and hinder progress , ” said Capt . Leon McGill , of Waynesville , Missouri , a U . S . military transition team advisor . No US deaths were reported during the operation . References . Multinational Force Iraq
HMS Lincoln ( F99 ) HMS " Lincoln " ( F99 ) was a " Salisbury " - class or Type 61 aircraft direction frigate of the Royal Navy . She was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Govan on the River Clyde . The ship was laid down in 1955 , launched 6 April 1959 , and completed 7 July 1960 . She was named after the city of Lincoln , Lincolnshire . HMS " Lincoln " was well known in the fleet as being the only RN vessel with red - painted gunnels , a tradition dating back to 1693 when the first ship of that name claimed the right to mount her guns on ' Lincoln Scarlet ' in memory of Robin Hood , who purportedly favoured the colour . In October 1973 she took part in the Second Cod War under the command of Commander D Howard RN . and was substantially damaged in action whilst attempting to ram the Icelandic gunship " Óðinn " . Armed with a protruding girder fixed to the forecastle whilst protecting the British fishing fleet , she was set upon by three Icelandic vessels and forced to withdraw after taking several hits . She returned to Portsmouth for repairs but saw limited action thereafter . In April 1974 HMS " Lincoln " was decommissioned at Chatham and placed in the reserve fleet . With the onset of the Third Cod War in 1976 , " Lincoln " received a short refit for patrol duties with improved wooden padding on the bow area for ramming reinforcement . " Lincoln " was on trials working up , when settlement was reached over the fishing conflict . In 1976 the New Zealand Government had enquired as to the availability of second hand frigates to replace the RNZN Type 12 Taranaki , and HMS " Lincoln " was one of four RN frigates , the Wilson government offered to sell , the others were HMS " Lynx " , " Yarmouth " and " Hardy " . The " Lincoln " was rejected because by this time the 174 Sonar had been removed , and refitting a sonar was difficult and because the RNZN wanted a full Leander . Therefore the " Lincoln " carried out a tour of duty in the Arctic Circle and also served as the guard ship in Gibraltar during late 1976 . She was finally returned to the standby squadron in Chatham in December 1977 . During 1978 she was sold to Egypt with " Salisbury " and " Devonshire " , but the deal eventually fell through , after " Lincoln " ' s fellow surviving Type 61 had sailed for Egypt . In 1979 the " Lincoln " served its final active commission under the guise of a training ship for submarine engineers , the Oberons using similar engines . Offered for sale and or modernisation after the 1981 defence cuts , she was sold to Bangeldesh , but the transfer did not take place and it is unclear whether in other events she could have been reactivated for the Falklands as her range and 965 / 986 radar were ideal .
Fort Whipple , Arizona Fort Whipple was a U . S . Army post which served as Arizona Territory ' s capital prior to the founding of Prescott , Arizona . The post was founded by Edward Banker Willis in January 1864 in Chino Valley , Arizona , but was moved in May 1864 to Granite Creek near the present day location of Prescott . The post was closed in 1913 . Soon after retiring as a U . S . Army post , it became a Military Hospital that was used throughout the World War I and World War II eras . The Fort is still a veteran ' s hospital today and is also a tourist attraction . The name of the outpost comes from the last name of Amiel Weeks Whipple , a Union General who served in the American Civil War but who died at the Battle of Chancellorsville due to injuries . Fiorello LaGuardia ' s father , Achille was bandmaster there in the 1890s and Fiorello attended school in nearby Prescott , Arizona . Along with being a hospital , the fort still has buildings on the hills nearby , which once served as the officers quarters . Now , the buildings are homes to nurses and doctors of the hospital . Fort Whipple Museum . One of the military officer ' s quarters has been turned into the Fort Whipple Museum , with artifacts and history about the fort and hospital , including medical instruments , Army weaponry , the Buffalo Soldiers , maps , photographs and memoirs written by those stationed there . The museum is operated as a joint project of the Sharlot Hall Museum and the Bob Stump Veterans Affairs Medical Center .
Edgar Ludlow - Hewitt Air Chief Marshal Sir Edgar Rainey Ludlow - Hewitt GCB , GBE , CMG , DSO , MC , DL ( 9 June 1886 – 15 August 1973 ) was a senior Royal Air Force commander . World War I . Ludlow - Hewitt was originally commissioned into the Royal Irish Rifles , but transferred to the Royal Flying Corps before the First World War , where he qualified for the Royal Aero Club ' s Aviator ' s Certificate no . 886 on 11 September 1914 . During the war he served first as a pilot in No . 1 Squadron Royal Flying Corps and then later as the Officer Commanding No . 15 Squadron and No . 3 Squadron on the Western Front . In 1916 Ludlow - Hewitt took up command of the 3rd ( Corps ) Wing as a temporary lieutenant colonel . Late in the following year he was promoted to brigadier - general and made the Inspector of Training at the headquarters of the Royal Flying Corps ' Training Division . Like other members of the Flying Corps , he transferred to the Royal Air Force on its creation on 1 April 1918 . It was also on that date that he became General Officer Commanding ( GOC ) the Training Division . Less than two months later he was appointed GOC the 10th Brigade . Later career . He was appointed Air Secretary in 1922 and Commandant of the RAF Staff College in 1926 . He went on to be Air Officer Commanding Iraq Command in 1930 , Deputy Chief of the Air Staff and Director of Operations and Intelligence in 1933 and Air Officer Commanding the RAF India in 1935 . In 1937 Ludlow - Hewitt was promoted to air chief marshal and appointed Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief of Bomber Command . However , with World War II underway , Ludlow - Hewitt was replaced by Portal in April 1940 because of Ludlow - Hewitt ' s insistence on the formation of Operational Training Units at the expense of the availability of front line airmen . He spent the remainder of the war as Inspector - General of the RAF and did not retire until November 1945 , making him the RAF officer with the longest time in the rank of air chief marshal throughout the history of the RAF .
72nd Punjabis The 72nd Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1759 , when they were raised as the 16th Battalion Coast Sepoys . The regiments first battle was the Battle of Sholinghur in 1781 , during the Second Anglo - Mysore War . They were next involved in the Battle of Ava during the First Burmese War . During the Indian Mutiny of 1857 they were stationed in Hong Kong and Singapore . There next action was during the Third Burmese War . With the defeat of King Thibaw Min the regiment remained in Burma , being renamed the 2nd Burma Battalion in 1891 . During World War I they were deployed along the North West Frontier with the 1st ( Peshawar ) Division to prevent incursions by the Afghan tribes , but they were later sent to Egypt and Palestine and took part in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign attached to the 75th Division . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . In 1922 , the 72nd Punjabis became the 3rd Battalion , 2nd Punjab Regiment . After independence they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army .
Ukkurey Ukurey ( also Komsomolsk and Areda ) is an air base in Chitinskaja Oblast , Russia located 24 km southwest of Chernysevsk . It is a medium - size base with 2 parallel taxiways , tarmacs , and 12 revetments . One anecdotal report suggests it serves Ilyushin Il - 76 aircraft . It was home to 193 Gv ORAP ( 193rd Guards Independent Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment ) flying MiG - 25RB aircraft in the 1980s and Yak - 27 and Yak - 28R aircraft by the early 1990s .
Royal Naval Auxiliary Service The Royal Naval Auxiliary Service ( RNXS ) was formed in 1963 from the amalgamation of the Royal Naval Minewatching Service ( RNMWS ) and the Admiralty Ferry Crews Association , in response to the nuclear threat to British ports . The service was disbanded on 31 March 1994 due to defence cuts . Most vessels from its fleet were transferred to the Royal Navy . Men & women of the RNXS , or " Auxiliarymen " as they were known ( regardless of gender ) , were to be readily available to assist in the tasks of evacuating major ports and dispatching larger and faster merchant vessels overseas in case of an attack on the UK . Any remaining ships were to be dispersed to safe anchorages along the coasts or at nearby islands . For these purposes , the RNXS operated a small fleet of inshore vessels which were prefixed XSV for Auxiliary Service Vessel . These were mainly surplus vessels converted from other duties , although 4 " P2000 " tenders were custom built and are still in service , as commissioned warships ( under different names ) as University Royal Naval Unit vessels . The sailing of merchantmen overseas involved setting up assembly anchorages where ships might be formed into convoys , a naval escort or surveillance for information on routing , intelligence , and communications . Auxiliarymen were required at assembly anchorage control . These tasks were not new , indeed they had been performed by naval and merchant naval personnel throughout the past centuries . The nuclear threat , however , had cut the time available to the Royal Navy , and the Merchant Navy had to be developed or adapted to cope . Therefore the RNXS was formed . Following the disbandment of the RNXS , the Maritime Volunteer Service was formed as a national maritime training organisation with charitable status . It has taken over and expanded many RNXS roles .
William Stratton ( British Army officer ) Lieutenant General Sir William ( Henry ) Stratton KCB CVO CBE DSO ( 1903 – 1989 ) was Commander of British Forces in Hong Kong . Military career . Stratton was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1924 . He was deployed to the Gold Coast before becoming Assistant Instructor at the Royal School of Military Engineering in 1933 . He served in World War II as a Brigadier on the General Staff of General Headquarters Home Forces and then of the General Staff of the 8th Army in Italy . In 1944 he was appointed Commander of 169th Infantry Brigade . After the War he was appointed Chief of Staff at British Army of the Rhine , a post he held until 1949 when he became Commandant of the Joint Services Staff College . In 1952 he became Head of the British Army Staff in Washington , D . C . He went on to be General Officer Commanding 42nd ( East Lancashire ) Infantry Division in 1953 and Commander of British Forces in Hong Kong in 1955 . He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1957 New Year Honours . His last post was Vice Chief of the Imperial General Staff in 1957 ; he retired in 1960 . He was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1960 to 1968 .
152 ( Ulster ) Transport Regiment ( Volunteers ) 152 ( Ulster ) Transport Regiment , Royal Corps of Transport and Royal Logistics Corps , is a regiment of the Territorial Army in the United Kingdom . The regiment was formed in the Royal Corps of Transport in 1967 with two transport squadrons . In the 1980s it was redesignated 152 ( Ulster ) Ambulance Regiment , and transferred into the Royal Logistics Corps in 1993 as 152 ( Ulster ) Ambulance Regiment . In 1999 it acquired a third squadron from 157th Transport Regiment and was put under the administrative control of the Army Medical Services . In 2006 it re - roled as a transport regiment and was transferred back to Royal Logistic Corps control , returning an ambulance squadron to 157th Transport Regiment and acquiring a newly raised third transport squadron .
1943 Naples post - office bombing The 1943 Naples post office bombing occurred on October 7 , 1943 , after the U . S . Fifth Army had captured Naples ( October 1 ) and reached the Volturno River ( October 6 ) . The Central Post Office Building , an imposing structure completed in 1936 and located in the center of the city , was looted by the Nazi troops during the occupation and after their retreat was occupied by families made homeless by the bombing and destruction heaped on the city during the insurrection , known as the " " Four days of Naples " " , that had taken place a few weeks earlier . On that morning a series of violent explosions ripped through the building and caused heavy damage to the surrounding buildings and the death of more than 100 people , including women , children and members of a 82nd Airborne Division unit . The unit was commanded by General Matthew B . Ridgway . An investigation determined that the explosion was the result of several time bombs planted by the Germans six days earlier . A reporter from the " Time " and " Life " magazines , Will Lang Jr . , was no more than 300 feet from the explosion when it occurred . The shockwave threw him to the ground , and the impact sprained his right arm . A photographer for " LIFE " magazine , Robert Capa , and " Acme News " photographer Charles Corte began taking pictures of the shattered Post Office and the carnage lying in the streets . One of the physicians on hand was Brigadier General Edgar Hume whose office was across the street from the post office .