naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Valiant Strike Operation Valiant Strike was a major United States military ground operation in Afghanistan announced on 19 March 2003 that involved 2nd and 3rd battalions of 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment , Romanian and Afghan troops . The combined forces moved through Kandahar and parts of Southern Afghanistan with the objective of eliminating enemy forces and weapons caches while also attempting to gather intelligence on Taliban activity in the area . At the conclusion of the operation on 24 March 2003 , coalition forces had detained 13 suspected Taliban fighters and confiscated more than 170 rocket - propelled grenade s , 180 land mine s , 20 automatic rifle s and machine gun s , as well as tons of rockets , rifles , and launchers
Buenos Aires - class destroyer The Buenos Aires class destroyers were a group of destroyers built for the Argentine Navy in Britain in the 1930s . Design . The ships were based on the contemporary G class destroyers building for the British Royal Navy , with some modifications to suit Argentinian requirements . After World War 2 these ships were modified by installing two single hand - worked 40 mm Bofors guns between the funnels replacing the original 3 - inch anti - aircraft gun and two twin air - cooled Bofors unique to the Argentine and Swedish navies ( instead of the more common water - cooled mounts ) replacing after bank of torpedo tubes . Radar and sonar was also fitted at this time and Santa Cruz landed B gun in favor of a pair of Hedgehog anti - submarine weapons .
HMS Berwick ( 1723 ) HMS " Berwick " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Deptford Dockyard and launched on 23 July 1723 . " Berwick " was converted to a hulk in 1743 , and eventually broken up in 1763 .
Charles J . Cunningham Charles J . Cunningham ( born 1932 ) was a Lieutenant General in the U . S . Air Force . His last post in the Air Force was as the Commander of the Air Force , Tactical Air Command at Bergstrom Air Force Base , Texas . After his retirement from the military he served as Director of the Defense Security Service until 2002 . While working for the U . S . Department of Defense he held several executive positions within the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Defense Intelligence Agency . Prior to the Tactical Air Command he served as a deputy chief of staff at the U . S . Air Force Headquarters . Cunningham also served as deputy director for programs and evaluation .
Mike Silliman Michael Barnwell Silliman ( May 5 , 1944 - June 16 , 2000 ) was an American professional basketball player . He was born in Louisville , Kentucky . A 6 ' 6 " from the United States Military Academy , where he played for coach Bob Knight , Silliman participated in the 1968 Summer Olympics , and won a gold medal as captain of the United States national basketball team . He also played for the United States men ' s national basketball team at the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the 1970 FIBA World Championship . He later played one season ( 1970 - 71 ) with the Buffalo Braves of the National Basketball Association . Silliman scored 91 points in 36 NBA games . Mike Silliman died of a heart attack at age 56 in 2000 . He is interred at Calvary Cemetery in Louisville , Kentucky .
Turunmaa - class gunboat The Turunmaa class fast gunboats ( Finnish : " Turunmaa " - luokan tykkivene ) was a type of vessel , previously operated by the Finnish Navy in the ASW and trade protection roles . Internationally they were labeled as corvette s . History . Development of the class started in 1963 . Five hull designs and over thirty propulsion variants were looked at during development . At the time , the electronics of the vessels , and the propulsion system were state of the art and attracted international attention . Both vessels were built by Wärtsilä ' s Hietalahti shipyard in Helsinki . In 1985 - 86 both ships were refitted , and the entire fire - control and communications systems were updated . FNS " Karjala " has been berthed since 2002 at the maritime museum " Forum Marinum " in Turku as a museum ship next to Suomen Joutsen . FNS " Turunmaa " was stripped of armaments and served as a floating machine shop and training ship for Satakunta Polytechnics . Currently the " Turunmaa " is being refitted for civilian use . Neither vessel is currently owned by the Finnish Navy . The ships were ordered in 1963 , launched in 1968 , commissioned in 1969 and decommissioned in 2002 . The leading vessel was named after the turuma frigates serving in the Archipelago Fleet in the 18th and 19th centuries .
15th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 15th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 15th West Virginia was organized at Wheeling in western Virginia between August and October 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on June 14 , 1865 . Casualties . The 15th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment suffered 3 Officers and 50 enlisted men killed in battle or died from wounds , and 1 officer and 99 enlisted men dead from disease for a total of 153 fatalities .
Jawad Rumi Daini Major General Jawad Rumi Daini ( born ca . 1948 ) is a former general in the Iraqi Army who currently lives in exile in Egypt . Daini fought in the Iran - Iraq war , and served in the Iraqi Army under the Baathist government until he was forced into retirement in July 1990 after it was discovered that his brother was a member of the Badr Brigade . After the invasion he was faced with the problem of whether to join the Iraqi Army or the Iraqi insurgency . Eventually he was asked to join the new Iraqi Army and was enlisted in January 2004 . Under his command he established the 2nd Brigade of the 6th Division . He was eventually forced into retirement following three major events . He was one of the two Iraqi commanders overseeing the Al - Aaimmah bridge when the 2005 Baghdad bridge stampede occurred . During the subsequent investigation numerous conflicting testimonies where heard over who was responsible for the stampede . Eventually both men where cleared of all charges . The second major event leading to his retirement was a raid at a police station in Jadriya . Following a tip off that a kidnapped boy was being detained at the station US and Iraqi forces raided the police station , finding hundreds of malnourished prisoners being kept in cramped conditions . Daini was criticized by the Iraqi Army for not tipping them off about the raid . Tensions between Daini and the political establishment continued to grow until reaching a boiling point in June 2006 when Daini ' s soldiers arrested a Mahdi Army death squad . Daini refused to release the men following several requests by phone from the new Prime Minister Nouri Maliki . On July 2 the Cabinet decided to release him from the army . Following his forced retirement his son Haidar was abducted and murdered , with his body being discovered in a neighborhood controlled by the Mahdi Army . As a result of this and continued threats Daini and his wife and two daughters fled to Egypt .
29 Squadron SAAF 29 Squadron was one of the Coastal Command squadrons of the South African Air Force during the Second World War . It was assigned the role of maritime patrol and shipping escort and operated Venturas from Lombazi on the Pondoland coast . With the decline in activities in the war at sea , the squadron was disbanded on 15 November 1943 and absorbed into 29 Operational Training Unit based at Darling in the Cape . The squadron was re - activated in August 1944 and deployed to Matubatuba in Zululand from where it once again operated with Venturas . At this time , the squadron did very little flying ( 3hrs escort flying between 25 August and 24 September 1944 ) and was disbanded at the end of the war .
Battle of Takajō The 1587 Battle of Takajō , also known as the Battle of Takashiro , was the first battle in Toyotomi Hideyoshi ' s campaigns to seize control of Kyūshū during Japan ' s Sengoku period . Hideyoshi ' s half - brother Hashiba Hidenaga led 90 , 000 men , landing near Takajō ( Taka Castle ) . Within the previous several years , the Shimazu clan of Satsuma province had spread across the island , seizing the Ōtomo clan capital of Funai . In doing so , they had become a significant power in the region , and threatened Hideyoshi ' s supremacy over Japan . Hidenaga ' s forces pursued the Shimazu beyond Takajō , and began to besiege the fortress . Shimazu Iehisa then turned his force of 20 , 000 around , clashing with a detachment of 15 , 000 Toyotomi warriors . Three thousand Shimazu warriors dismantled the fortifications of the besiegers , and distracted them long enough to effect a cavalry attack . However , they then found themselves flanked by 1500 Toyotomi warriors , who made every effort to give the appearance of a larger force in the Shimazu ' s rear , cutting off their escape . Fighting their way through the Toyotomi forces , the Shimazu effected a retreat , leaving Takajō and the surrounding area to Hidenaga .
Gedunk bar A Gedunk bar or geedunk bar is the canteen or snack bar of a large vessel of the United States Navy . A service member who works in the geedunk is traditionally referred to only as that " geedunk guy " or " geedunk girl " , or more informally as a " geedunkaroo " . The term was popular during World War II . The term was first recorded in Leatherneck Magazine in 1931 . Overview . The origin of the word is uncertain . One theory suggests the name is derived from the " gee - dunk " sound that vending machine s made when operated . Another theory is that the term is derived from the comic strip Harold Teen , in which Harold eats Gedunk sundaes at the local soda shop . Yet another theory suggests that the word ' s origin is from a Chinese word meaning " place of idleness . " The gedunk bar was usually open for longer hours than the mess . Such bars were stocked with a wide variety of consumables such as snacks , soft drinks and fresh coffee . In the 21st century , Sailors and Marines continue to call a place where snacks are for sale a " gedunk bar " or " gedunk machine " and refer to the snacks themselves as " gedunk " . The term can also be associated with low cost " logo " hats , shirts or posters displaying Navy or airplane logos . " Gedunk " has also been associated with the sound an airplane arresting hook makes when it strikes the Aircraft Carrier deck . During the Vietnam War all who served honorably in the Armed Forces were awarded the National Defense Service Medal . Because the medal were issued regardless of any service beyond making it through bootcamp , it was called a " " Gedunk medal " " . Civilian use . The term also refers to the à la carte snack bar located in the Student Union at Grove City College , the name being coined by 1950 ' s students who were formerly served in the US Navy during World War 2 . " Gedunk " is currently the name of the college ' s alumni magazine .
Jean François Leval Jean François Leval ( 18 April 1762 – 7 August 1834 ) was promoted to general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and led a division in a number of battles during the Napoleonic Wars . He rapidly rose in rank during the French Revolution . Appointed to command a demi - brigade beginning early in 1793 , by the end of the year he was a general of brigade . He led a brigade at Fleurus in 1794 and in the campaign of 1795 . In 1799 he became a general of division . He commanded a division in Napoleon Bonaparte ' s Grand Army at the battles of Jena and Eylau . Later he transferred to Spain where he fought in numerous actions including Talavera , Ocaña , Barossa , Vitoria , and the Nive . The only action in which he commanded an army was the Siege of Tarifa , which was a failure . In 1814 , he led his division in eastern France . His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe , on Column 7 .
Diphosgene Diphosgene is a chemical compound with the formula ClCOCCl . This colorless liquid is a valuable reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds . Diphosgene is related to phosgene but is more conveniently handled because it is a liquid , whereas phosgene is a gas . Production and uses . Diphosgene is prepared by radical chlorination of methyl chloroformate under UV light : Another method is the radical chlorination of methyl formate : Diphosgene converts to phosgene upon heating or upon catalysis with charcoal . It is thus useful for reactions traditionally relying on phosgene . For example , it convert amine s into isocyanate s , secondary amines into carbamoyl chlorides , carboxylic acid s into acid chloride s , and formamide s into isocyanide s . Diphosgene serves as a source of two equivalents of phosgene : With α - amino acid s diphosgene gives the acid chloride - isocyanates , OCNCHRCOCl , or " N " - carboxy - amino acid anhydrides depending on the conditions . It hydrolyzes to release HCl in humid air . Diphosgene is used in some laboratory preparations because it is easier to handle than phosgene . Role in warfare . Diphosgene was originally developed as a pulmonary agent for chemical warfare , a few months after the first use of phosgene . It was used as a poison gas in artillery shells by Germany during World War I . The first recorded battlefield use was in May 1916 . Diphosgene was developed because the vapors could destroy the filters in gas mask s in use at the time . Safety . Diphosgene has a relatively high vapor pressure of 10 mm Hg ( 1 . 3 kPa ) at 20 °C and decomposes to phosgene around 300 °C . Exposure to diphosgene is similar in hazard to phosgene and the MSDS should be consulted .
Ali Haidar ( military ) Ali Haidar VC ( 21 August 1913 – 15 July 1999 ) was a Pakistani Pashtun recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 31 years old , and a Sepoy in the 6th battalion 13th Frontier Force Rifles , in the British Indian Army during World War II when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 9 April 1945 near Fusignano , Italy , at the start of the Allied spring 1945 offensive Haidar ' s battalion was tasked with a difficult assault crossing of the Senio River . Only Sepoy Ali Haidar and the two other men of his section managed to get across under heavy machine - gun fire . Then , Without orders , and on his own initiative , Sepoy Ali Haidar , leaving the other two to cover him , charged the nearest post which was about 30 yards away . He threw a grenade and almost at the same time the enemy threw one at him , wounding him severely in the back . In spite of this he kept on and the enemy post was destroyed and four of the enemy surrendered . With utter disregard of his own wounds he continued and charged the next post in which the enemy had one Spandau and three automatics , which were still very active and preventing movement on both banks . He was again wounded , this time in the right leg and right arm . Although weakened by loss of blood , with great determination Sepoy Ali Haidar crawled closer and in a final effort raised himself from the ground , threw a grenade , and charged into the second enemy post . Two enemy were wounded and the remaining two surrendered . Taking advantage of the outstanding success of Sepoy Ali Haidar ' s dauntless attacks , the rest of the Company charged across the river and carried out their task of making a bridgehead . Sepoy Ali Haidar was picked up and brought back from the second position seriously wounded . The conspicuous gallantry , initiative , and determination combined with a complete disregard for his own life shown by this very brave Sepoy in the face of heavy odds were an example to the whole Company . His heroism had saved the rest of the company . With the rapid advance which it was possible to make the Battalion captured 3 officers and 217 other ranks and gained their objectives . The rest of the company were than able to cross the river and establish a bridgehead . Further information . He was born in Kohat to Pashtun , Bangash parents , in what is now Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Province , Pakistan . He later achieved the rank of Naib Subedar in his parent battalion , 6th battalion 13th Frontier Force Rifles which later redesignated as 1st Battalion ( Scinde ) The Frontier Force Regiment . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London . Official citation . The official citation for Haidar ' s award , published in the London Gazette in July 1945 reads :
Russian submarine AG - 11 AG - 11 was a Russian AG - class ( AG = " Amerikansky Golland " ) submarine , which served in the Gulf of Finland during World War I . During World War I Russian and British submarines operated from bases in Finland . The Russian submarines of " Holland " type ( " AG - 11 " , " AG - 12 " , " AG - 15 " and " AG - 16 " ) were scuttled in the harbor of Hanko on 3 April 1918 just prior to the German landing there . These submarines had good sea going qualities and were easy to handle .
Roland R . Wright Roland R . Wright ( born March 30 , 1919 ) was an United States Air Force pilot during World War II , in which he went through three P - 51D Mustangs , the Korean War and the Vietnam War who dubbed all of his planes the ' Mormon Mustang ' . Wright eventually reached the rank of Brigadier General , retiring in 1976 . Wright was also one of the first members of the Utah Air National Guard . Wright is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Prior to joining the Air Force he served as a missionary in the Northern States Mission , headquartered in Chicago . After retiring Wright served as the president of the New York New York Mission from 1977 – 1980 and as director of the Washington DC Temple Visitors Center from 1991 - 1993 . https : / / lds . org / youth / video / mormon - mustang ? lang = eng
745th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron The 745th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit . It is under the control of Air Mobility Command and operates C - 130 Hercules aircraft in theater airlift missions as part of the Global War on Terrorism . Its current status and duty location is undetermined . In regular USAF service as the 745th Troop Carrier Squadron ( Medium ) , it was last assigned to the 456th Troop Carrier Group , being stationed at Ardmore Air Force Base , Oklahoma . It was inactivated on 9 July 1956 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment group ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) , being assigned to Southern Italy at Stornara Airfield under Fifteenth Air Force . Engaged in very long range strategic bombardment of enemy military , industrial and transportation targets . Operations included attacks against such objectives as marshalling yards , aircraft factories , railroad bridges , and airdromes in Italy , Austria , and Rumania . Helped to prepare the way for and supported the invasion of Southern France during Jul and August 1944 . At the same time , expanded previous operations to include attacks on oil refineries and storage facilities , locomotive works , and viaducts in France , Germany , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Austria , and the Balkans . Returned to the United States after the German Capitulation in May 1945 ; re - manned and re - equipped as a B - 29 Superfortress heavy bombardment squadron . Began training under Second Air Force in August 1945 , however was inactivated in October after the Japanese Capitulation . Activated in the reserves in 1947 as a B - 29 Superfortress squadron , but neither manned or equipped . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget constraints . Reactivated in 1952 as a Tactical Air Command Eighteenth Air Force C - 119 Flying Boxcar troop carrier squadron ; flew theater airlift and participated in Army airborne forces maneuvers until inactivated in 1956 due to budget cutbacks . Reactivated as a C - 130 Hercules airlift squadron as part of the Global War on Terrorism .
Asa Betham Asa Betham ( 1838 – unknown ) was a sailor in the U . S . Navy during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Betham enlisted in the Navy from New York City in July 1861 , and was assigned to the Union side - wheel gunboat . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Betham was a member of the naval storming party . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Coxswain Asa Betham , United States Navy , for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U . S . S . Pontoosuc during the capture of Fort Fisher and Wilmington , North Carolina , 24 December 1864 , to 22 January 1865 . Carrying out his duties faithfully during this period , Coxswain Betham was recommended for gallantry and skill and for his cool courage while under the fire of the enemy throughout these various actions . General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : January 15 , 1865 Service : Navy Rank : Coxswain Division : U . S . S . Pontoosuc
Battle of Pankalia The Battle of Pankalia was fought between the army loyal to the Byzantine emperor Basil II and the forces of the rebel general Bardas Skleros . It took place to the west of Caesarea , in the " thema " of Charsianon on March 24 , 979 . In a surprise attack , the emperor ' s army commanded by Bardas Phokas and reinforced by the Georgian cavalry under Tornikios inflicted a crushing defeat on the rebels . Skleros himself was wounded by Phokas in single combat , but managed to escape to Muslim territory . His army was scattered and the rebellion was soon put down , thus eliminating a major threat to Basil II ' s early reign .