naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Galveston Harbor ( 1862 ) The Battle of Galveston Harbor or the First Battle of Galveston was primarily a naval engagement fought on October 4 , 1862 near the city of Galveston , Texas between forces from the Union Navy and the Confederate States of America . Battle . The United States Navy began a blockade of Galveston Harbor in July 1861 , but the town remained in Confederate hands for the next fourteen months . At 6 : 00 am on October 4 , 1862 , Commander William B . Renshaw , commanding the blockading ships in the Galveston Bay area , sent USRC " Harriet Lane " into the harbor flying a flag of truce . The intention was to inform the military authorities in Galveston that if the town did not surrender , the U . S . Navy ships would attack ; a one hour reply would be demanded . Colonel Joseph J . Cook , Confederate military commander in the area , would not come out to the Union ship or send an officer to receive the communication , so Harriet Lane weighed anchor and returned to the fleet . Four Union steamers , with a mortar boat in tow , then entered the harbor and moved to the same area where " Harriet Lane " had anchored . Observing this activity , Confederates at Fort Point fired one or more shots and the U . S . Navy ships answered . Eventually , the Union ships disabled the one Confederate gun at Fort Point and fired at other targets . Two Rebel guns from Fort Bankhead were also fired at the flotilla but did no damage and were ignored by the Navy . The boat that Colonel Cook had dispatched now approached the Union vessels and two Confederate officers boarded USS " Westfield " . Renshaw demanded an unconditional surrender of Galveston or he would begin bombarding the town again . Cook refused Renshaw ' s terms , and conveyed to Renshaw that upon him rested the responsibility of destroying the town and killing women , children , and immigrants . Renshaw threatened to resume the shelling and made preparations for towing the mortar boat into position . One of the Confederate officers then asked if he could be granted time to talk with Colonel Cook again . This officer , a major , negotiated with Renshaw for a four day truce to evacuate the women , children , and aliens from the city . Cook approved the truce but added a stipulation that if Renshaw would not move troops closer to Galveston , Cook would not permit his men to come below the city . Aftermath . The agreement was finalized but never written down , which later caused problems . The Confederates did evacuate , taking all of their weapons , ammunition , supplies , and whatever they could carry with them . Renshaw did not think that the agreement allowed for all this but , in the end , did nothing , due to the lack of a written document . The fall of Galveston meant that one more important Confederate port was closed to commerce . But the port of Galveston was not shut down for long , as Confederate forces reoccupied the area . The Second Battle of Galveston in January 1863 resulted in a Confederate victory , and the port remained in Southern hands for much of the rest of the war .
Bomb tower A bomb tower is a lightly constructed tower , often 100 to 700 feet ( 30 to 210 meters ) high , built to hold a nuclear weapon for an above ground nuclear test . The tower holds the bomb for the purpose of the investigation of its destructive effects ( such as burst height and distance with given explosive yield ) and for the adjustment of measuring instruments , such as high - speed camera s . Normally , the bomb tower disintegrates completely on detonation due to the enormous heat of the explosion .
Richthofen Richthofen is the surname of a prominent German aristocratic family . The most famous member is the air ace Manfred von Richthofen ( 1892 – 1918 ) , also known as the " Red Baron " , but a number of other members of his family are also notable for various reasons . Some members of the family have a royal ancestry as descendants of the older of two illegitimate sons of Leopold I , Prince of Anhalt - Dessau , by Sophie Eleonore Sölden . Walter von Richthofen . Baron Walter von Richthofen , an uncle of Manfred von Richthofen , emigrated from Silesia to the United States in 1877 . He founded the Denver Chamber of Commerce , and was co - founder of Montclair , Denver at that time a village east of Denver but now incorporated into the city . His Richthofen Castle was one of the most sumptuous mansions in the American West . Begun in 1883 and completed in 1887 , it was modeled on the original Richthofen Castle in Germany . Located immediately around the Castle are the Baron ' s mistress ' s house and his sanitarium / dairy . The Flying Aces . Manfred von Richthofen was the most successful fighter pilot of World War I , with 80 official victories before he was killed in action . His younger brother , Lothar von Richthofen ( 1894 – 1922 ) , was also a flying ace , with 40 victories . He served alongside his brother in Jasta 11 . Lothar died in an air crash in 1922 . World War II . The two aviators were fourth cousins of the German World War II Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen ( 1895 – 1945 ) , himself a World War I flying ace . Frieda von Richthofen ( 1879 – 1956 ) , who married the English novelist D . H . Lawrence ( 1885 – 1930 ) in July 1914 , was a fifth cousin once removed . Though their last common ancestor was born in 1661 , the Red Baron ' s fame nonetheless attached to Frieda ' s reputation in war time England . Frieda ' s sister Else von Richthofen was the first female social scientist in Germany . Their grand - nephew , Baron Dr . Hermann von Richthofen , was German Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1989 – 1993 , and his name made him a media favorite . Herbert Freiherr von Richthofen . Herbert von Richthofen was an ambassador to Bulgaria between 1938 and 1941 . Other . Other well - known family members include :
HNoMS Thrudvang HNoMS " Thrudvang " was a monitor built for the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1869 . She was scrapped in 1918 , well after her muzzle - loading guns were outdated . The slightly later can be seen as an improvement of the " Skorpionen " class . Details . " Thrudvang " was armed with two heavy rifled muzzle - loaders in a revolving turret . She had five inches of iron armour on her deck , and her turret was protected by twelve inches of iron armour .
3215th Drone Squadron The 3215th Drone Squadron is an discontinued United States Air Force unit . It was last active with the 3205th Drone Group , based at Patrick Air Force Base , Florida . It was discontinued on 22 December 1958 . History . Formed in April 1950 , assuming B - 17 Flying Fortress drone aerial target mission of the 550th Guided Missiles Wing . Operated QB / DB - 17 Fortress drone and controller aircraft , providing aerial targets for surface - to - air and air - to - air missile development programs at Eglin AFB . Also used QF - 80 Shooting Star jets for aerial gunnery targets for Air Defense Command interceptor squadrons . The squadron deployed elements to the Atomic Energy Commission ( AEC ) Nevada Test Site and Pacific Proving Grounds throughout the 1950s , flying drone Flying Fortresses though atomic and nuclear testing mushroom clouds with air sampling equipment and other instrumentation for post - detonation analysis . In April 1956 , with the development of the IM - 99 Bomarc surface - to - air missile , the squadron was moved from Eglin to Patrick AFB , Florida to support the Bomarc testing program . From Patrick , DB / QB - 17s could take off and the missile could be test - fired from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 3 over the Atlantic Missile Range . One such trial on 23 October 1957 ( Bomarc 624 - 11 ) saw the unarmed missile destroy a Flying Fortress target by a direct collision , more than 100 miles from the missile ' s launch point . Squadron inactivated On 5 December 1958 , but it was succeeded by the 3205th Drone Group , Detachment # 1 , which continued flying drone targets for Bomarc tests well into 1959 . Once the IM - 99A portion of the program was completed , drones were no longer required . Personnel of Detachment # 1 departed for Eglin on 8 June 1959 .
Battle of Fei ( 233 BC ) The Battle of Fei ( 肥之戰 ) was a military conflict between the Qin and Zhao states of China in 233 BC during the Warring States period of Chinese history . The campaign was part of Qin ' s campaigns to unify China under its rule . It resulted in a decisive victory for the Zhao forces , led by General Li Mu , against the Qin invaders . Opening moves . In 234 BC , the Qin forces defeated the Zhao armies at Pingyang ( 平陽 ; southeast of present - day Ci County , Hebei province ) . In the following year , the Qin army led by Huan Ji ( 桓齮 ) embarked from Shangdang ( 上黨 ) and attacked Zhao from its rear , inflicting more than 100 , 000 casualties on the Zhao army and the Zhao commander Hu Zhe ( 扈輒 ) was killed in action . Huan Yi ' s force crossed Mount Taihang and conquered the Zhao territories of Chili ( 赤麗 ) and Yi ' an ( 宜安 ) , both in southeast of present - day Shijiazhuang , Hebei province . The battle . King Qian of Zhao recalled Li Mu , a military general famous for his success in defending Zhao ' s northern border from the Xiongnu , and appointed Li as commander - in - chief of the Zhao armies to resist the Qin invaders . Li Mu ' s army from the northern border met the Zhao forces from Handan at Yi ' an and engaged the Qin army there . Li felt that the Qin army ' s morale was high after its earlier victories , so it would be unwise for Zhao to attack Qin then . Li ordered his troops to strengthen their fortifications and defenses , in wait for an opportunity to launch an offensive . On the Qin side , Huan Ji thought that a swift conclusion to the battle was necessary , since his troops were growing weary after so many earlier battles . Huan led his force to attack Fei , intending to lure the Zhao army there to defend their position . Li Mu ' s deputy Zhao Cong ( 趙蔥 ) suggested to Li to send a force to rescue Fei , but Li refused . As the bulk of the Qin army had left to attack Fei , the Qin camp was poorly defended and Li Mu seized the opportunity to order his troops to launch an offensive on the Qin camp . The Zhao forces scored a major victory in the ensuing battle and captured several prisoners - of - war and supplies . As Li Mu predicted that Huan Ji would retreat from Fei to save the camp , he ordered his men to lay an ambush on Huan ' s retreat route and the retreating Qin troops fell into the ambush . Qin sustained more than 100 , 000 casualties and its army was almost completely wiped out . Huan Ji succeeded in breaking out of the encirclement and he escaped to the Yan state to avoid punishment for his defeat .
The Queen ' s Own Hussars Museum The Queen ' s Own Hussars Museum is a military museum in Warwick in central England . It is housed in a range of 14th century half timbered buildings known as Lord Leycester Hospital . The Queen ' s Own Hussars was the senior light cavalry regiment of the British Army . The museum also covers the history of the 7th Queen ' s Own Hussars and the 3rd The King ' s Own Hussars .
French submarine Laubie ( S610 ) German submarine " U - 766 was a Type VIIC U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was later incorporated in the French Navy , where she served as Laubie " . Service history . Kriegsmarine . " U - 766 " was launched in Wilhelmshaven on 29 May 1943 , and was commissioned on 30 July 1943 under the command " Oberleutnant " Hans - Dietrich Wilke . She was part of the 8th U - boat Flotilla for training until 29 February 1944 , when she was transferred to the frontline in the 6th U - boat flotilla . She sailed five uneventful patrols . She was de - commissioned at La Rochelle on 24 August 1944 , and was surrendered on 8 May 1945 . Marine Nationale . In May 1945 " U - 766 " was transferred to France and brought into French service under captain Brunet . She was in a poor shape , and pieces of were used to repair her . In the process , she was also fitted with a snorkel . Her trials were accomplished by a mostly German crew composed of war prisoners , with Wilke acting as first officer . " U - 766 " was commissioned in 1946 as Laubie ( pennant number S610 ) , in honour of Louis Laubie , an engineer killed in the wreck of the submarine . " Laubie " was transferred to Toulon . On 17 July 1950 , " Laubie " was accidentally rammed by the frigate " Surprise " as she was emerging . She managed to surface and return to Casablanca with a heavily damaged sail . In 1956 , " Laubie " took part in naval operations of the Suez crisis as a backup to . On 2 May 1960 , " Laubie " was again rammed , this time by the liner " Ville de Marseille " , off Algiers . Her stern was damaged over 9 metres . She sustained one last accident in September 1961 , when she collided with at periscope depth . Severely damaged , " Laubie " was decommissioned , and broken up in 1963 .
Thomas Lethbridge ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Thomas Bridgeman Lethbridge ( 28 October 1829 – 30 December 1892 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , The Nore . Naval career . Born the son of Captain Robert Lethbridge RN , Thomas Lethbridge joined the Royal Navy in 1843 . Promoted to Captain in 1863 , he commanded HMS " Himalaya " , HMS " Simoom " , HMS " Trafalgar " , HMS " Northumberland " , HMS " Black Prince " and then HMS " Duncan " . He was appointed Commander - in - Chief , The Nore in 1888 . He retired in 1890 .
Battle of Livno The Battle of Livno is the name of several battles fought over the town of Livno during World War II , which changed hands between the Independent State of Croatia and Partisan forces several times . Operation Beta . Operation Beta followed on the heels of Operation Alfa in which Italian forces retook Prozor from the Partisans . Ten Italian battalions and two Ustaše battalions took the city from the Partisans with neither side suffering many casualties . Battle for Livno ( late 1942 ) . The defence of the city was led by Rafael Boban and elements of his Black Legion . The battle resulted in Boban ' s forces retreating from Livno . Approximately 100 Croatian soldiers and 74 Partisan soldiers were killed in the battle . Operation Ziethen . Operation Ziethen was a German - Croatian military operation which sought to reestablish control over the Livno – Šuica – Duvno area . The entire operation was a great success for the Axis forces . A mass grave containing over 1000 bodies of people executed by the Partisans was subsequently discovered near Livno . The success of the operation resulted in over 1000 volunteers from the area to join the Croatian forces .
Hermann Künneth Hermann Lorenz Künneth ( July 6 , 1892 Neustadt an der Haardt – May 7 , 1975 Erlangen ) was a German mathematician and renowned algebraic topologist , best known for his contribution to what is now known as the Künneth theorem . In the winter semester 1910 / 11 , Künneth joined the students ' fraternity “ Studentengesangverein Erlangen “ , now “ “ ( “ Students ' Choral Society Erlangen “ , now “ Akademic Musical Fraternity Fridericiana Erlangen “ ) . He carried out a variety of posts during his studies as well as after having left university in 1914 . He participated in the First World War and was captured by British forces . His 1922 doctoral thesis at the University of Erlangen was titled " Über die Bettischen Zahlen einer Produktmannigfaltigkeit " ( “ On the Betti numbers of a product manifold ” ) , it was supervised by Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze . From 1923 , he was a teacher at secondary schools in Kronach and Erlangen . After retiring , he became professor at the University of Erlangen . In 1964 , he was decorated with the Bundesverdienstkreuz , the highest German decoration .
Ambrosini S . 7 The Ambrosini SAI . 7 was an Italian racing aircraft flown before World War II that entered production as a military trainer ( designated simply S . 7 ) after the war . It was of conventional configuration , constructed of wood , with a tail wheel undercarriage . Power was provided by an air - cooled inverted inline engine , the Alfa - Romeo model 115 with 225 horsepower . Development . The SAI . 7 was built to compete in the " IV Avioraduno del Littorio " rally , which departed Rimini on 15 July 1939 . As equipped for the race , the two SAI . 7s were fitted with special glazed fairings extending from the canopy to the nose of the aircraft , to provide extra streamlining . The aircraft began their proving flights too late , and were disqualified from the competition , but on August 27 , one of them set a new world airspeed record for a 100 km closed loop , which it completed at 403 . 9 km / h ( 252 mph ) powered by a Hirth HM 508 D . During the war , the Regia Aeronautica expressed interest in the aircraft as a trainer for fighter pilots , and a slightly revised version entered limited production in 1943 as the SAI . 7T . Only 10 were built , but in 1949 a modernised version powered by an Alfa Romeo engine was produced , 145 of them for the re - formed Italian Air Force , including some single - seaters . On 21 December 1951 Leonardo Bonzi set new airspeed records in one over 100 km and 1000 km , at 367 . 36 km / h and 358 . 63 km / h respectively . The final stage in the S . 7 ' s development was the " Supersette " ( Super 7 ) , two standard S . 7s , one re - engined with a 380 hp de Havilland Gipsy Queen with a unique four - piece cowling that opened like a " flower petal " , the other with an Alfa Romeo 121 . Both were modified and refined several times , and in the latter aircraft , Guidantonio Ferrari increased the international airspeed record for this category of aircraft to 419 , 482 km / h at Rome on December 3 , 1952 . Despite this , the air force was no longer interested in buying piston - engined trainers , and no further " Supersettes " were built . Both are preserved in museums . References .
Vahid Musayev Vahid Musayev Abdulla oglu ( ) ( died January 8 , 1999 ) was the deputy Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan and " Acting " Minister within the month of August ( " unspecified " ) , 1993 . Political career . Musayev was Deputy Minister of Defense and was assigned by the Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan and " acting " President Heydar Aliyev to lead the ministry until the new minister was appointed . Due to numerous mistakes during the operation to stabilize the situation in southern Azerbaijani regions of Lankoran , Astara , Masalli , Lerik , Yardimli , Jalilabad and Bilasuvar raions in August 1993 which led to civilian injuries , he was first demoted from the rank of Major General and then sacked as Deputy Minister of Defense on August 25 , 1993 . General ' s plot . Vahid Musayev is well known as one of the masterminds of the so - called " General ' s Plot " to overthrow the government of President Heydar Aliyev . General Vahid Musayev , general Rafig Agayev , general Shahin Musayev , Murad Sadaddinov and Faig Bakhishaliyev ( former members of " Special Purpose Police Unit ( OPON ) " ) and a few other colonels were arrested in August 1995 on charges of organizing coup d ' état by planning to shoot the presidential airplane down in a premeditated rocket attack in May 1995 . Vahid Mustafayev was sentenced to 15 years and jailed at Gobustan correctional institution . Revolt . On the night of January 7 – 8 , 1999 Vahid Musayev along with Faig Bakhishaliyev and imprisoned members of " OPON " organized a prison revolt managing to capture weapons , and taking other prisoners and guards hostage . The standoff between government forces and the rebels continued until late hours of January 8 as the rebels held 28 prison guards hostage . As a result , rebels including Vahid Musayev and several other main organizers were killed during the shootout between the rebels and Azerbaijani special anti - terror forces detachments , after all negotiations failed . Two servicemen were killed and twenty five were injured .
Frederick Loomis Sir Frederick Oscar Warren Loomis ( 1870 – 1937 ) enlisted as a private in the Canadian Militia in 1886 and served there until retiring in 1919 . During the First World War he was given command of the Royal Highlanders of Canada and later led the 3rd Canadian Division during the last two months of the First World War as a major - general . He is portrayed in a painting in the Canadian Senate Chamber leading the Royal Highlanders of Canada ( Canadian Expeditionary Force ) into Saint - Nazaire in 1915 . Mount Loomis on the Alberta / BC border is named after him . References . http : / / www2 . parl . gc . ca / Sites / LOP / AboutParliament / WarPaintings / bundy1 - e . asp http : / / www . peakfinder . com / peakfinder . ASP ? PeakName = Mount + Loomis
USS Vigilant ( YT - 25 ) " Not to be confused with the patrol boat , which also was in commission in 1917 - 1918 . " The second USS " Vigilant " ( YT - 25 ) was a United States Navy tug commissioned in 1898 and stricken in 1927 . " Vigilant " was laid down in 1881 by William Cramp and Sons , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and completed in 1888 as the iron - hulled commercial steam screw tug " George W . Pride " . Cramp delivered her to the John D . Spreckels Brothers ' Company of San Francisco , California , that year . The U . S . Navy acquired her from the John D . Spreckels Brothers ' Company at the outset of the Spanish - American War in April 1898 , and commissioned her as USS " Vigilant " on 6 April 1898 . " Vigilant " was stationed in the San Francisco region from 1898 to 1927 , operating either at the Yerba Buena Naval Station or the Naval Training Station , San Francisco . When the U . S . Navy instituted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , she was classified as a " district harbor tug " and designated YT - 25 . " Vigilant " s decommissioning date is uncertain . She was stricken from the Navy List on 26 November 1927 and sold to the Gary Davis Tug and Barge Company of Seattle , Washington , on 25 April 1928 .
Robert Binder Leading Seaman Robert Teodor Binder , of Mississauga , Ontario , was a member of the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Bravery on 26 November 2010 . The citation to his award notes that on the night of 14 August 2008 , at the age of nineteen , he and two others repeatedly dove and performed CPR in order to rescue the occupants of a sinking car . Leading Seaman Binder died in June 2010 , two weeks before the announcement of his decoration . His Medal of Bravery was awarded posthumously by the Chief of Defence Staff , General Walter Natynczyk at his former unit , HMCS York .
Pososhniye lyudi The Pososhniye lyudi ( ) was a collective name for the conscripts in the Russian army of the 16th - 17th centuries , called up for military service from each sokha ( the word " pososhniye " is a derivative from " sokha " , hence the term ) . The term " pososhnaya sluzhba " ( sokha - based military service ) first appeared at the turn of the 15th century . The pososhniye lyudi were called up for service by the order of the tsar . According to the 1547 ukase , the army officials had to travel to villages and enlist for the Kazan campaign two people from each sokha ( mounted and unmounted ) . The sloboda s had to provide one man from ten households . The pososhniye lyudi ( also known as " posokha " and " pososhnaya rat ' " ) were used as infantry and performed auxiliary functions , such as the construction of fortifications , servicing of siege engine s , artillery weapons etc . In the 16th century , the pososhniye lyudi were used for construction or repairs in peacetime , as well .