naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Awdry Vaucour Major Audry Morris Valcour was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . He was for part of his career teamed with Alan Bott as his observer / gunner . Bott would go on to become an ace in his own right . He was killed on 16 July 1918 in Italy in a " friendly fire " incident , when an Italian Hanriot pilot shot him down .
Ishar Singh Captain Ishar Singh VC OBI ( 30 December 1895 – 2 December 1963 ) was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born at Nenwan , in Punjab , he was the first Sikh to receive the Victoria Cross . Victoria Cross . Ishar Singh was 25 years old , and a Sepoy in the 28th Punjabis , Indian Army during the Waziristan Campaign , India when , on 10 April 1921 , near Haidari Kach ( Waziristan ) he undertook the actions which led to the award of the VC . The citation was published in a supplement to the London Gazette of 25 November 1921 : He later achieved the rank of Captain .
SM U - 77 SM " U - 77 " was one of 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I , engaged in commerce warfare during the First Battle of the Atlantic . Operations . " U - 77 " . Commanded by " Kaptlt " . Erich Günzel , lost with her . Came off the stocks at Hamburg ( Vulcan ) in 1916 ; in May and June was at Kiel School , and first entered North Sea with " U - 76 " on 29 June , to join the 1st Half Flotilla .
Winrich von Kniprode Winrich von Kniprode was the 22nd Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights . He was the longest serving Grand Master , holding the position for 31 years ( 1351 – 1382 ) . Von Kniprode was born in 1310 in Monheim am Rhein near Cologne . He served as the Komtur of Danzig ( 1338 – 1341 ) and Balga ( 1341 – 1343 ) . In 1341 was promoted to be the Grand Marshal . Von Kniprode was elected Grand Master in 1351 . He constantly fought with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to gain access to Livonia . He achieved a victory in the Battle of Rudau . Von Kniprode died in 1382 and was buried in Marienburg Castle in the mausoleum under the Chapel of St . Anna .
English Bicknor Castle English Bicknor Castle was a castle in the village of English Bicknor in Gloucestershire , England . The castle was built in the 11th century as a motte and bailey design , although some suggest a later construction date in the early 12th century . The motte lay at the centre of two concentric outer bailey walls , producing a roughly circular castle approximately 150 yards across . The motte was placed against the south - west corner of the site , where the ground fell away from the castle , giving additional protection from attack . A square stone keep may have been built at a later stage on the motte , and a church was built in the outer bailey . At the start of years of the Anarchy the castle was controlled by the powerful Miles de Gloucester . The castle escaped destruction at the end of the conflict and was still in use at the beginning of the 13th century , when it was owned by William Avenel ; its exact date of final ruin is unknown .
Admiral of the fleet An admiral of the fleet ( also known as fleet admiral or grand admiral ) is a military naval officer of the highest rank . In many nations the rank is reserved for wartime or ceremonial appointments . It is usually a rank above admiral ( which is now usually the highest rank in peace - time for officers in active service ) , and is often held by the most senior admiral of an entire naval service . It is also a generic term for a senior admiral in command of a large group of ships , comprising a fleet or , in some cases , a group of fleets . If actually a rank its name can vary depending on the country . In addition to ' fleet admiral ' and ' admiral of the fleet ' , such rank names include ' admiral of the navy ' and ' grand admiral ' . It ranks above vice admiral , rear admiral and usually full admiral , and is usually given to a senior admiral commanding multiple fleets as opposed to just one fleet . It is often classified in NATO nations as a five - star rank . Admiral of the fleet is equivalent to an army field marshal . It is also equivalent to a marshal of the air force which in many countries has a similar rank insignia to admiral of the fleet . Etymology . The title admiral of the fleet can trace its origins to the Middle Ages , where the title was typically granted to a nobleman who was appointed by a monarch to raise and command a navy for a specific campaign . Usage in specific countries . The following articles contain specific information on the rank as it pertains to individual countries : Ambiguity exists when translating the French " amiral " into English ( into admiral of the fleet or admiral ) . A French title of " amiral de la flotte " , outranking a full admiral was invented in 1939 for Darlan , who was the only person in French history to hold that title . Before the fall of the monarchy in 1952 , the Egyptian Navy had the equivalent rank of " sayed elbehar elazam " . In the Turkish Navy , the corresponding rank " büyük amiral " , literally meaning " grand admiral " , can only be bestowed by the National Assembly , and only given to an admiral who leads the navy successfully in and out of a war , criteria tougher than those for equivalent ranks . No one has ever been bestowed this rank yet in the republican era . During the period of the Ottoman Empire , commanders of the navy carried the rank of " kapudan - i derya " as equivalent . Other countries . The rank also exists or has existed ( on paper at least ) in Bangladesh , Indonesia , Nigeria , Oman and Pakistan , although not all of these countries have actually ever bestowed the rank on an individual . References and notes . < br >
William Sydney Marchant William Sydney Marchant , CMG , OBE ( 10 December 1894 – 1 February 1953 ) , was the United Kingdom ' s Resident Commissioner of the Solomon Islands Protectorate from 1939 to 1943 . As commissioner , he directed the evacuation of European settlers from the Solomon Islands prior to the Japanese occupation of the islands during World War II as well as leading the organisation of coastwatcher units throughout the islands . Marchant relocated from this headquarters at Tulagi to Malaita about two months before the Japanese occupied Tulagi in May , 1942 . On Malaita he helped operate a coastwatcher radio relay station in support of the Allied Solomon Islands campaign until the end of his appointment in 1943 . Marchant was then appointed as Chief Native Commissioner for the Kenya Colony from 1943 until 1947 . Marchant died in 1953 .
Military Freefall Parachutist Badge The Military Free Fall Parachutist Badge is a military badge of the United States Army awarded to qualified U . S . Army personnel as high altitude parachute specialists . It also is called HALO ( High Altitude Low Opening ) Wings . Military Free Fall Parachutist Badge . To earn the Military Free Fall Badge , the military member first must receive all necessary ground training , already have earned the Parachutist Badge ( jump - qualified ) , and must have completed the requisite free fall ( night , combat equipment , oxygen ) jumps . The Military Free Fall Course is taught by B Company , 2nd Battalion , 1st Special Warfare Training Group ( Airborne ) and lasts four weeks . The first week , ground week , is spent at Fort Bragg , North Carolina , where students learn body stabilization , high altitude physiology , and aircraft procedures . The remaining three weeks are spent at Yuma Proving Ground , Arizona , where students conduct airborne operations . Military Master Free Fall Parachutist Badge . A star and a laurel wreath , centered above the badge , is authorized for soldiers and airman qualified as a Military Master Free Fall Parachutist ( Jumpmaster ) . Such qualification requires completing the Military Free Fall Jumpmaster course , wherein the student learns how to be a jumpmaster in military free fall operations ; course requirements include experience as a military free fall parachutist and completion of the static line jumpmaster course . Stars representing participation in combat jumps , known as Combat Jump Devices , can be awarded with either the basic and master versions of the badge . Symbolism . The dagger is a Fairbairn - Sykes Fighting Knife , used by the Office of Strategic Services during World War II , represents infiltration techniques . The arched tab represents tabs worn by special operations forces . The parachute is a seven - celled MT1 - X , the first ram - air parachute to be adopted by the U . S . Military as the standard freefall canopy . The wings represent flight and airborne capabilities . History . The Military Free Fall Badge original design was submitted in March 1983 by Sergeant First Class Gregory A . Dailey of SFODA - 552 , Company B , 2nd Battalion , 5th Special Forces Group . Updates on the design , adding a master military freefall parachutist badge were submitted by General Wayne A . Downing of USSOCOM and James Phillips of the Special Forces Association . The badge was approved for wear by soldiers assigned to Army Special Operations Command on 1 October 1994 . Unrestricted wear was approved on 7 July 1997 by General Dennis Reimer .
Trainband Trainbands were companies of militia in England or the Americas , first organized in the 16th century and dissolved in the 18th . The term was used after this time to describe the London militia . In the early American colonies the trainband was the most basic tactical unit . However , no standard company size ever existed and variations were wide . As population grew these companies were organized into regiments to allow better management . But trainbands were not combat units . Generally , upon reaching a certain age a man was required to join the local trainband in which he received periodic training for the next couple of decades . In wartime military forces were formed by selecting men from trainbands on an individual basis and then forming them into a fighting unit . The exact derivation and usage is not clear . A nineteenth - century dictionary says , under " Train " :
James Wilson ( explorer ) Captain James Wilson ( 1760 – 1814 ) , brought the first British missionaries to Tahiti on ship " Duff " in 1797 . Wilson was a deeply religious man . The missionaries he brought were from the London Missionary Society . There were thirty men , six women and three children . Wilson , on the " Duff " also explored and visited many islands in the Pacific , some of which had never had any recorded visit by a European . Among these the most important are Mangareva in the Gambier Islands and Pukarua in the Tuamotus . " Duff " Paid a visit as a missionary ship to Tahiti during 1796 , as a result , Missionary Society has first been established in Tahiti . Three years after the establishment , the directors of the Society appointed a committee to consider a suitable memorial for presentation to Wilson for his services in helping to establish the first mission in the South Seas .
William P . Maclay ( Medal of Honor ) William Palmer Maclay ( 1877 – July 31 , 1943 ) was a United States Army private received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine – American War . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 7 , Lot 9008 - F . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company A , 43d Infantry , U . S . Volunteers . Place and date : At Hilongas , Leyte , Philippine Islands , May 6 , 1900 . Entered service at : Altoona , Pa . Birth : Spruce Creek , Pa . Date of issue : March 11 , 1902 . Citation : Charged an occupied bastion , saving the life of an officer in a hand - to - hand combat and destroying the enemy .
Leonardo de Benedetti Leonardo de Benedetti ( born September 15 , 1898 in Turin , Italy ; died October 16 , 1983 ) was an Italian Jew and physician who was interned in the Auschwitz concentration camp from February 1944 until its liberation in January 1945 . After the end of the Second World War he and fellow inmate Primo Levi wrote " Auschwitz Report " , a factual report of conditions inside the camp .
Armory of the Kentish Guards The Armory of the Kentish Guards is a historic armory at Armory and Peirce Streets in East Greenwich , Rhode Island and is currently home to the Kentish Guards , a historic state militia organization . History . The Kentish Guards were founded in 1774 just prior to the American Revolution . The Greek Revival armory building was constructed in 1843 with a $ 1 , 000 public grant from the Rhode Island General Assembly to the Kentish Guards for their aid in the Dorr Rebellion in 1842 . In 1970 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places . Collections . The Armory contains a gallery of pictures featuring former members of the Guard . The original charter hangs on the wall as a lasting reminder and a memorial to those men who organized the Kentish Guards in 1774 . Visiting . The Kentish Guards Armory may be visited on Tuesdays , when the militia company meets , and Wednesdays , when the fife & drum rehearses , both around 8 : 00 pm ( except during holiday periods ) and by special appointment . Visit www . kentishguards . org for more information .
Taddeo da Suessa Taddeo da Suessa ( or da Sessa ) ( c . 1190 / 1200 – February 18 , 1248 ) was an Italian jurist . Born in Sessa Aurunca ( modern Campania ) , he was introduced to Emperor Frederick II ' s court by Pier delle Vigne . Appointed as " gran giustiziere " ( Great Justicier ) of the Kingdom of Sicily , he became one of the main advisers to the emperor . Taddeo and Pier were ambassadors to Pope Gregory IX and , after 1244 , to Innocent IV . In 1245 Taddeo unsuccessfully defended the cause of the excommunicated emperor at the Council of Lyon against the unjustified accusations made against him by Innocent . He died at the Battle of Parma , killed during the Guelph assault against the imperial camp .
USS Wasp ( 1865 ) The sixth USS " Wasp " was a sidewheel gunboat that served in the U . S . Navy from 1865 to 1876 . " Emma Henry " , an iron - hulled sidewheel steamer , was captured at sea in December 1864 attempting to run the Union blockade of the Confederacy . The United States Navy purchased her from the New York prize court on 13 January 1865 and commissioned her into naval service on 11 May 1865 . At Norfolk , Virginia , " Emma Henry " joined the squadron commanded by Acting Rear Admiral Sylvanus W . Godon , which had been established to search for the Confederate ironclad ram CSS " Stonewall " . " Emma Henry " departed Hampton Roads with the rest of the squadron on 17 May 1865 . On 22 May 1865 , she carried Acting Rear Admiral Godon into Charleston harbor in South Carolina to confer with Rear Admiral John A . Dahlgren before the squadron continued on its way . During that interlude , she collided with another ship and , after returning Godon to his flagship , headed north for repairs at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . On 13 June 1865 , while undergoing repairs , she was renamed USS " Wasp " . As soon as she completed repairs , the ship rejoined Rear Admiral Godon ' s squadron , designated the Brazil Squadron and based at Rio de Janeiro . The original reason for the squadron ' s dispatch , " Stonewall " , had long since ceased to pose a problem ; the former Confederate ironclad had surrendered to Spanish authorities in Cuba on 19 May 1865 just as " Wasp " had begun her repairs at Philadelphia . Thus , she and her squadron - mates took up a different duty , watching out for American interests in South America and along the eastern coast of Africa . " Wasp " left Africa to her larger sisters while she concentrated upon the vicinity of the Rio de la Plata and Uruguay River during the war between Paraguay and the coalition of Brazil , Argentina , and Uruguay which had begun when the Paraguayan dictator , Francisco Solano López , invaded Brazil on 26 December 1864 . The war lasted until mid - 1870 , peace coming only after the complete reduction of Paraguay and the death of Lopez at the hands of Brazilian lancers following a protracted guerrilla campaign . In the meantime , " Wasp " patrolled the area to protect Americans and their interests in the combat zone . As frequently on the rivers in the interior as she was at sea , she ascended Rio de La Plata and its tributaries , the Uruguay , Paraná , and Paraguay Rivers . After the war ended in June 1870 , " Wasp " continued to operate out of Montevideo in Uruguay on the aforementioned rivers , ascending them as far as Asunción , Paraguay . Her duty consisted of transporting diplomats and generally watching out for American interests . She continued to be so employed until surveyed early in 1876 when she was found to be unfit for further naval service . Decommissioned that same spring , " Wasp " was sold to Mr . L . B . Scheiner of Montevideo on 5 June 1876 .
Mark 41 Vertical Launching System The Mark 41 Vertical Launching System ( Mk 41 VLS ) is a shipborne missile canister launching system which provides a rapid - fire launch capability against hostile threats . The Vertical Launch System ( VLS ) concept was derived from work on the Aegis Combat System . Mk 41 . Refinement of the initial concept of Aegis system in the 1960s continued through the 1960s and 1970s , and the Mk 41 was conceived in 1976 . Originally , the system was only intended to fire the RIM - 66 Standard missile , but after the United States Navy decided that all VLS had to be capable of firing the Tomahawk missile , with a consequential increase in the height of the Mk 41 to accommodate the larger missile . The prototype for the launcher was tested and evaluated onboard ( AVM - 1 ) . The first operational launcher was installed aboard . The Mk 41 is capable of firing the following missiles : RIM - 66 Standard , RIM - 67 Standard , RIM - 161 Standard Missile 3 , RIM - 174 Standard ERAM , Tomahawk ( missile ) , RUM - 139 VL - ASROC , RIM - 7 Sea Sparrow , and RIM - 162 ESSM . The missiles are pre - loaded into " canisters " , which are then loaded into the individual " cells " of the launcher ( the exception is the ESSM : up to four canisters can fit into each launcher cell ) . Launcher cells are fitted to ships in 2×4 modules that share a common exhaust system sited between the two rows . Mk 41 VLS adopts modular design concept , which result in different versions that vary in size and weight due to different " canisters " in various modules . The length comes in three sizes : 209 inches for the self - defense version , 266 inches for the tactical version , and 303 inches for the strike version . The empty weight for a 8 - cell module is 26 , 800 pounds for the self - defense version , 29 , 800 pounds for the tactical version , and 32 , 000 pounds for the strike version . Originally , one module would consist of five cells and a collapsible crane for assisting with replenishment at sea , but replenishment of large missiles at sea was impractical and dangerous , and modules with the cranes fell out of use . Mk 57 . Mk 57 VLS is the development of Mk 41 VLS . Developed by Raytheon , the primary improvement of Mk 57 GMVLS ( guided missile vertical launching system ) over Mk 41 is its gas management system that can accommodate new missile designs having up to 45 percent greater rocket motor mass flow rate than that of Mk 41 . See also . Sylver Vertical Launching System
Confederate Soldier Monument in Lexington Confederate Soldier Monument in Lexington , in Lexington Cemetery in Lexington , Kentucky , was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17 , 1997 , as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS . Close to the Monument is the Ladies ' Confederate Memorial , also part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS . Four residents of Lexington with means funded the construction of the monuments , buying a statue built in Carrara , Italy from a catalog , and in 1893 was erected by the Muldoon Monument Company . The names of 160 veterans of the Confederate Army are inscribed on the monolith .
Messerschmitt P . 1106 The Messerschmitt P . 1106 was an intended improvement to the Messerschmitt P . 1101 . History . The Messerschmitt P . 1106 went through several redesigns ; the first version had a T - tail with cockpit faired into the vertical stabilizer , the later design having a V - tail with the cockpit moved slightly forward . In both cases the wings were swept back at 40 degrees . The planned powerplant was a Heinkel HeS 011 turbojet engine , and armament was to be two 30 mm MK 108 cannon s . The project was abandoned since the performance of the P . 1101 had not been improved on , and the 1106 cockpit had poor visibility .
Blood on the Risers " Blood Upon the Risers " is an American paratrooper song from World War II . It is associated with all airborne units , including the 82nd Airborne Division , the 101st Airborne Division , the 173rd Airborne Brigade and 4th Brigade Combat Team ( Airborne ) of the 25th Infantry Division , and the 120th CTS ( United States ) . This song has been featured on the television miniseries " Band of Brothers " and the video game , and also mentioned in Donald Burgett ' s book , . Sung to the tune of " The Battle Hymn of the Republic " , the song tells of the final fatal jump of a rookie paratrooper whose parachute fails to deploy . This results in him falling to his death . Lyrics . J . H . Kight Copyright 1943 Chorus confusion . It is disputed as to whether the chorus says " Gory , Gory " or " Glory , Glory " like the original " Battle Hymn of the Republic " . Since the song is often sung at a shout , it is hard to distinguish whether there is in fact an " L " sound when it is sung . Most likely , however , it should be " Gory " due to the relation the word has with the rest of the song ( being about a paratrooper falling to earth due to two faulty chutes ) . Some versions of the song substitute the second line of the chorus for " with a rifle on his back as he ' s falling through the sky " .
French submarine Rubis ( 1931 ) The Rubis ( H4 , 202 , P15 ) was a " Saphir " - class minelaying submarine which served in the French Navy and Free French Navy during the Second World War . She was awarded the Ordre de la Libération for her services . Career . After serving in Toulon with the 7th and later 5th submarine squadrons , in 1937 " Rubis " was transferred to Cherbourg . During the Norwegian campaign , in May 1940 , she laid mines off the Norwegian coast ; her mines claimed four Norwegian vessels in May and June , and a further three merchantmen in July . At the time of the French surrender on June 22 , 1940 , she was in the port of Dundee , Scotland in the United Kingdom , where she promptly joined the Free French Forces . at that time she was commanded by Capitaine de Corvette Georges Cabanier Whilst minelaying off Norway in mid - 1941 , she encountered and torpedoed a Finnish merchantman . Later in the war , she laid mines in the Bay of Biscay , claiming three German auxiliary minesweepers , an armed trawler , and a French tug in 1942 , and a fourth auxiliary minesweeper in 1943 . Operating off Stavanger in September 1944 , her mines claimed two auxiliary submarine chasers and two merchantmen . In October and November she continued in Norwegian waters , damaging two vessels but with no sinkings . On 21 December , however , her mines claimed three auxiliary submarine chasers , a German merchantman , and a minesweeper . Throughout the war , " Rubis " made 22 operational patrols , laying nearly 683 mines and sinking some 21 , 000 GRT of shipping . With 22 enemy ships sunk ( 14 of them German , including 12 warships ) , she achieved the highest kill number in the FNFL . From 1946 to 1948 , she was used as a school ship for rigging in Toulon . " Rubis " was struck on 4 October 1949 , and sank on 31 January 1958 to be used as a sonar target . The wreck lies 41 metres underwater between Cavalaire and Saint - Tropez , and has become a popular diving attraction .