naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Albert Woolson Albert Henry Woolson ( February 11 , 1847 – August 2 , 1956 ) was the last surviving member of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War . He was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is undisputed . At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans , but their status as Civil War veterans has been debunked . The last surviving Union soldier to see combat was James Hard ( 1841 - 1953 ) . Biography . Woolson was born in Antwerp , New York to Willard P . Woolson ( 1811 - 1862 ) and Caroline Baldwin ( ca . 1822 - unknown ) . He claimed to be born on February 11 , 1847 , but his entry in the 1850 United States Census lists him as born in 1850 . His father , Willard Woolson , enlisted in the Union Army . Willard was wounded at the Battle of Shiloh and was transported to an Army hospital in Windom , Minnesota , where he eventually died of his wounds . Albert and his mother moved to Windom to accompany Willard . Albert enlisted as a drummer boy in Company C , 1st Minnesota Heavy Artillery Regiment on October 10 , 1864 , becoming the company ' s drummer . The company never saw action , and Albert Woolson was discharged on September 7 , 1865 . Woolson returned to Minnesota , where he lived the rest of his life . He was a carpenter and later a member of the Grand Army of the Republic ( G . A . R . ) , a powerful political organization made up of Civil War veterans where he became senior vice commander in chief in 1953 . In his final days , he lived at 215 East Fifth Street in Duluth , Minnesota . Woolson died at St . Luke ' s Hospital in Duluth on August 2 , 1956 , at what was thought to be the age of 109 , of a " recurring lung congestion condition " . Woolson was buried with full military honors by the National Guard at Park Hill Cemetery . Following his death , President Dwight D . Eisenhower said : " The American people have lost the last personal link with the Union Army . . . His passing brings sorrow to the hearts of all of us who cherished the memory of the brave men on both sides of the War Between the States . " Legacy . " Life " magazine ran a seven - page article upon the death of Albert Woolson , in the August 20 , 1956 issue . The article included much information about the G . A . R . , with pictures or drawings of several encampments ( conventions ) . Also included are photos of the last three living Confederate soldiers ( status , age disputed ) : William Lundy , 108 ; Walter Williams , 113 ; and John Salling , 110 . In mid - 2006 , new census research indicated that Albert Woolson was actually only 106 years old , being listed as less than one year old in the 1850 census . Previous research in 1991 has suggested he was a year younger than claimed ( 108 instead of 109 ) , although this does not affect his veteran status . After his death , the Grand Army of the Republic was dissolved because Woolson was its last surviving member . The 2011 - 12 " Minnesota Legislative Manual " was dedicated to him . In 1956 a monument of Woolson was erected in Gettysburg as a memorial to the Grand Army of the Republic .
Battle of Lone Tree Hill The Battle of Lone Tree Hill , also known as the Battle of Wakde - Sarmi , is the name given to a major battle in 1944 in Dutch New Guinea , between United States and Japanese forces . Following the loss of Hollandia , to the east , in April 1944 , the Toem - Wakde - Sarmi area was an isolated coastal salient for the Japanese . Nevertheless , elements of the Japanese 223rd and 224th Infantry Regiments , commanded by Lieutenant General Hachiro Tagami , were concentrated at Lone Tree Hill , overlooking Maffin Bay , and were blocking any further advance by the 158th Regimental Combat Team of the U . S . Army . The Japanese were in well - prepared positions , which included fortified caves . Meanwhile , the main body of the Japanese 223rd Infantry Regiment had outflanked the US units , and a battalion of the Japanese 224th Infantry Regiment , was retreating from Hollandia , towards the Toem - Wakde - Sarmi area . Lone Tree Hill rose from a flat , coastal plain about yards west of the main jetty in Maffin Bay . The hill was named for a single tree depicted on its crest by U . S . maps ; it was a coral formation , covered with dense tropical rain forest and undergrowth . It was about high , long north to south , and wide east to west . The north side was characterized by a steep slope . The eastern slope was fronted by a short , twisting stream which the Americans named Snaky River . On 14 June , the US commander , General Walter Krueger , sent the U . S . 6th Infantry Division , to relieve the 158th RCT . After ten days of hard fighting , the US forces took Lone Tree Hill . The Japanese suffered more than 1 , 000 dead , including some trapped in collapsed caves . The U . S . Army suffered about 700 battle and 500 non - battle casualties . With Lone Tree Hill in American possession , Maffin Bay became a major staging base for six subsequent battles : Biak , Noemfoor , Sansapor , Leyte and Luzon .
Henry Hecksher Henry Hecksher ( c . 1911March 28 , 1990 ) was a career United States intelligence officer who served in both the OSS and CIA . Hecksher was born in Hamburg , Germany . He emigrated to the United States in 1934 or 1938 . He joined the United States Army , achieving the rank of captain . Hecksher took part in the Normandy invasion , and was wounded in Antwerp . He later became an intelligence officer with the Army and interrogated some of the top Nazi leaders , including Julius Streicher . He joined the OSS and in 1946 became head of its counterintelligence section in Berlin . Later , this section would become the CIA ' s Berlin Operating Base , also known as " BOB " . Hecksher would eventually work under CIA station chief William Harvey at " BOB " . Alongside CIA officers like Harvey and David Atlee Phillips , Hecksher became heavily involved in CIA covert operations , including the Berlin Tunnel project . He was CIA Station Chief in Santiago , and was involved in covert actions in the period before the coup d ' etat owhich overthrew Chilean president Salvador Allende Gossens in 1973 . Accusations persist that Hecksher , the CIA and the US Government were instrumental in the coup . In reporter Dick Russell ' s 1992 biography of Richard Case Nagell , " The Man Who Knew Too Much " , Nagell referred to Hecksher as " Bob " . In 1990 , Hecksher died from complications of Parkinson ' s disease in Princeton , New Jersey .
Hans - Joachim Kahler Hans - Joachim Kahler ( 21 March 1908 – 14 January 2000 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans - Joachim Kahler was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in 1946 .
USS Sultana ( SP - 134 ) USS " Sultana " ( SP - 134 ) was a yacht acquired under a free lease by the U . S . Navy during World War I . She was outfitted as a patrol craft and was assigned to escort duty in the North Atlantic Ocean . She served honorably — rescuing survivors adrift in the water and protecting cargo ships from submarine attack — and was returned to her owner at the close of the war . Built in Erie Basin , New York . " Sultana " ( SP - 134 ) was built in 1889 by Henderson and Robbins at Erie Basin , New York . It was commissioned for Trenor Luther Park and his wife Julia Hunt Catlin , of New York City . They spent their honeymoon on it and crossed the Atlantic " about 75 times " as quoted from her memoires . " We cruised from the Windward Isles to South America . One time we cruised for a yar and a half from the North Cape to the Suez , stopping wherever and for as long as we pleased . " Trenor L . Park was a Harvard graduate , silk merchant and prominent yachtsman . After his death in 1907 , it was sold to Mrs . Harriman . On 4 May 1917 , Mrs . E . H . Harriman of New York City loaned the steam yacht to the United States Navy under a free lease ; the yacht was commissioned on 27 May 1917 , Lt . E . G . Allen in command . World War I service . Assigned to the North Atlantic Ocean . " Sultana " was fitted out at the New York Navy Yard , and she joined a special patrol force at Tompkinsville , New York , on 6 June . The force sailed for France on 9 June . On 4 July , she rescued 45 survivors of the American merchantman , " Orleans " , which has been torpedo ed the day before ; and she landed them at Brest , France , that evening . From 4 July 1917 to 5 December 1918 , " Sultana " was attached to the United States Patrol Squadron based at Brest and performed escort and patrol duty . On 5 December , after the war had ended , she headed for home via the Azores and Bermuda , and arrived at New York City on 28 December 1918 . Post - war decommissioning and disposal . " Sultana " was stripped of her military hardware , decommissioned , and returned to Mrs . Harriman on 17 February 1919 and struck from the Navy list .
Gaëtan de Rochebouët Gaëtan de Grimaudet de Rochebouët ( ; 1813 – 1899 ) was a French general who served as Prime Minister for less than a month in late 1877 . On 29 June 1877 , Patrice de MacMahon dissolved the House after being outvoted . The elections of 14 October 1877 were a victory for Republicans , who won majority of seats . President MacMahon at first attempted to resist . He asked the General Rochebouet form a " department of business " , with which the House refused to deal : Rochebouet resigned less than 24 hours after his appointment . MacMahon , decided to accept the conditions of Julius Dufaure , forming a new , left of center government .
Cheviot Hills Military Academy Cheviot Hills Military Academy operated from 1946 until 1952 as a K through 9th grade military school . Founded by Frank J . Brick on the premises of the old Pacific Military Academy in Culver City , California , the school ran under the auspices of the California Cadet Corps . During its short life , the school averaged approximately 150 students spread among the 10 grades . Most of them boarded in the main building but there was a small contingent of daily commuters . Military style uniforms were required of all students while on the grounds and military structure dictated the daily routines such as marching to classes , meals , recess and daily inspections . From reveille to taps , a bugle announced the task at hand . This Florentine structure , designed by noted architect Wallace Neff , was originally built in 1929 as the Pacific Military Academy by Culver City Founder , Harry Culver . At the beginning of World War II , the building served as military barracks for the Army ' s First Motion Picture Unit . This Army unit used the Hal Roach Studios also located in Culver City . There is film footage still in existence which shows young officer Ronald Reagan lined up for lunch at the cafeteria in the basement of the main building . In 1952 the property at 9601 Cattaraugus Ave . was sold to a Catholic order , the Marianists ( Society of Mary ) to become Chaminade High School For Boys . In 1959 , the address was changed to its back street , Beverly Drive . In 1962 , Chaminade Preparatory , as it is now known , moved to what is now West Hills in the San Fernando Valley , and , after sale to developers , the grand old building was demolished to make way for residential homes . Beverly Drive was extended through the center of the property down to Cattaraugus Avenue . Today , only four palm trees remain , as found now in the back yards of homes along Beverly Drive . In the top picture with the main building at the center , the laundry and staff residences are on the left , the horse corrals in the center and the athletic field house on the right . The classrooms were located in a single story building behind the main structure . They can be seen in the right side of the inspection picture . S . Beverly Drive now runs through what used to be the center of the 10½ acres that began as Pacific Military Academy . The site is bordered by Cattaraugus on the south , Castle Heights on the west , Beverlywood on the north and Cardiff on the east . The main building stood on Beverlywood Street between Cardiff and S . Beverly Dr . The northern property line is now the northern property line of the homes bordering the north side of Beverlywood .
USS Dumbarton ( 1861 ) USS " Dumbarton " ( 1861 ) was a captured steam operated gunboat acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Capture of the vessel , conversion to Union Navy use . " Thistle " — a sidewheel steamer — was captured by on 4 June 1864 while running the blockade off the coast of North Carolina ; sent to Boston , Massachusetts , for condemnation ; purchased from the prize court on 20 July 1864 ; renamed " Dumbarton " ; and commissioned on 13 August 1864 , Acting Volunteer Lieutenant H . Brown in command . Assigned to search for the raider " CSS Tallahassee " . " Dumbarton " s first assignment was to search for raider along the Atlantic coast . She then joined the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron at Beaufort , North Carolina , and served on the blockade of Wilmington , North Carolina until 6 December 1864 . Post - war activity and decommissioning . After being at Norfolk Navy Yard , " Dumbarton " served as flagship of Rear Admiral W . Radford in the James River , Virginia from 17 February - 27 March 1865 . She was out of commission at Washington Navy Yard until 11 November , when she was taken to New York Navy Yard and placed in ordinary . She was sold there on 15 October 1867 .
Georges Doriot Georges Frederic Doriot ( September 1899 – June 1987 ) was one of the first American venture capitalist s . An émigré from France , Doriot became director of the U . S . Army ' s Military Planning Division , Quartermaster General , during World War II , eventually being promoted to brigadier general . In 1946 , he founded American Research and Development Corporation , the world ' s first publicly owned venture capital firm , earning him the sobriquet " father of venture capitalism " . In 1957 , he founded INSEAD , a top tier business school with campuses in Fontainebleau ( France ) , Singapore and Abu Dhabi . Biography . Youth , education and military service . Doriot was born in Paris , France in 1899 , to Camille and Auguste Doriot the pioneering motorist , racer , engineer , factory manager , dealer and car manufacturer ( owner of D . F . P . ) . Doriot enlisted in the French army in 1920 . He immigrated to America to earn an Master and stayed on , becoming a professor at the Harvard Business School in 1926 . He became a U . S . citizen in 1940 and the following year was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the U . S . Army Quartermaster Corps . As Director of the Military Planning Division for the Quartermaster General , he worked on military research , development and planning , eventually being promoted to brigadier general . ARDC and the Father of Venture Capital . In 1946 Doriot returned to Harvard and the same year he founded American Research and Development Corporation ( ARDC ) , one of the first two venture capital firms along with Ralph Flanders and Karl Compton ( former president of MIT ) , to encourage private sector investments in businesses run by soldiers who were returning from World War II . ARDC ' s significance was primarily that it was the first institutional private equity investment firm that accepted money from sources other than wealthy families although it had several notable investment successes as well . In 1957 Doriot founded INSEAD , international graduate business school in France with a group of his former Harvard MBA students . ( Today , INSEAD is one of the major business schools , with campuses in Fontainebleau ( France ) Singapore and Abu Dhabi ) . ARDC is credited with the first major venture capital success story when its 1957 investment of $ 70 , 000 in Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ) would be valued at over $ 355 million after the company ' s initial public offering in 1968 ( representing a return of over 5000 times on its investment and an annualized rate of return of 101 % ) . Until his death , Doriot remained friends with Ken Olsen , Digital ' s founder . Later years . ARDC continued investing until 1971 with the retirement of Doriot . In 1972 , Doriot merged ARDC with Textron after investing in over 150 companies . For his role in the founding of ARDC Doriot is often referred to as the " father of venture capitalism " . Doriot died of lung cancer in 1987 in Boston , Massachusetts .
Greater Poland Civil War The Greater Poland Civil War ( ) refers to the conflict that took place during 1382 – 1385 in the Greater Poland province of the Kingdom of Poland . Another name for the conflict is the Grzymała - Nałęcz Family War ( ) , as a major part of the conflict involved the struggle between the Grzymała coat - of - arms and Nałęcz coat - of - arms families ( clans ) for the dominant position in the Greater Poland . The civil war . The death of Casimir III the Great in 1370 marked the end of the Piast dynasty in Poland . He was succeeded by Louis I of Hungary of the Angevin dynasty , who was Casimir ' s nephew . Louis ' death in 1382 , without a male heir , left a power vacuum ( interregnum ) . Although the Privilege of Koszyce stipulated that one of his daughters would succeed him on the Polish throne , Louis ' selection of his daughter Mary proved controversial , as her husband , Sigismund , Holy Roman Emperor ( known in Polish historiography as Sigismund of Luxemburg ) , was not popular in Poland . The different factions in Poland could not agree on the succession , and a conflict erupted . The faction gathered around the Grzymała clan supported Sigismund , while the Nałęcz clan instead favored the Duke of Masovia , Siemowit IV . As the clans in Greater Poland warred , those in Lesser Poland succeeded in gathering support for a different solution . In 1384 , Louis ' 10 - year old daughter , Jadwiga of Poland , was crowned King of Poland , upon the condition that the Polish - Hungarian Union was dissolved . Her coronation marked the end of most civil war hostilities ; Norman Davies notes that the " the disappointed candidates battled each other ' s candidacy into oblivion " . As Jadwiga ' s fiance , William , Duke of Austria , was also unpopular in Poland . Instead , the Lesser Poland faction succeeded in arranging for her to marry Władysław Jagiełło ( Jogaila ) , Grand Duke of Lithuania , in 1386 . Jagiełło had just emerged victorious from a civil war in Lithuania . Their marriage began the period of the Polish - Lithuanian Union and the ascension of the Jagiellon Dynasty to the thrones of Poland and Lithuania . The war is said to have been bloody ; Davies writes of " much slaughter " , and Sobczak notes that " entire clans perished in it " .
HMS G1 HMS " G1 " was a British G class submarine of the Royal Navy . War service . Like the rest of her class , " G1 " ' s role was to patrol an area of the North Sea in search of German U - boats .
Günther Konopacki Günther Konopacki ( 10 October 1921 – 23 June 1987 ) was a highly decorated Rittmeister in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold one of only 631 awards .
Fort Massac Fort Massac ( or Fort Massiac ) is a colonial and early National - era fort on the Ohio River in Massac County , Illinois , United States . Legend has it that , as early as 1540 , the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his soldiers constructed a primitive fortification here to defend themselves from native attack . Maps from the early 18th century show an " Ancien Fort " ( " Old Fort " ) near this location . Fort Massiac was built by the French in 1757 , during the French and Indian War and was originally called " Fort de l ’ Ascension . " The name was changed in 1759 , to honor of Claud Louis d ' Espinchal , Marquis de Massiac , the French Naval Minister . ( Massiac is a place in the Communes of the Cantal department in France . ) Many early 19th - century sources claim that " Massac " was derived from a " massacre " that occurred at the site ; but there is no record of such a massacre . Following the end of the French and Indian War in 1763 , the French abandoned the fort and a band of Chickasaw burned it to the ground . When Captain Thomas Stirling , commander of the 42nd Highland Regiment , arrived to take possession for Britain , he found nothing but a charred ruin . The British never rebuilt the fort . In 1778 , during the American Revolutionary War , Col . George Rogers Clark led his regiment of “ Long Knives ” into Illinois near the fort at Massac Creek . In 1794 , during the Northwest Indian War , President George Washington ordered the fort rebuilt , and for the next 20 years it protected U . S . military and commercial interests in the Ohio Valley . In the Fall of 1803 , the Lewis and Clark Expedition stopped at Fort Massac on its way west , recruiting two volunteers . During the summer of 1805 , former Aaron Burr and Gen . James Wilkinson met at Fort Massac where they allegedly drew up plans to conquer Mexico and the American southwest . The Fort was damaged by the New Madrid Earthquake in 1812 . It was again rebuilt in time to play a minor role in the War of 1812 , only to be abandoned again in 1814 . Local citizens dismantled the fort for its timber , and by 1828 little remained . In 1839 the city of Metropolis was plat ted about a mile west of the fort . The Fort Massac site was made a State Park in 1908 , the first Illinois state park . A replica of the old Fort has been built . Each fall , reenactors gather for the Fort Massac Encampment , interpreting life in the 18th century . A visitor center just north of the reconstructed fort contains a museum with Indian artifacts , wax figures in period clothing , and other exhibits explaining the history of Fort Massac . Publisher Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Ohio , 1945
Tirah Memorial The Tirah Memorial is a war memorial in Bonn Square , Oxford , England . It commemorates soldiers of the 2nd Battalion Oxfordshire Light Infantry who died in 1897 – 98 on the Tirah Expedition and Punjab Frontier Campaign to suppress rebel tribes on the North West Frontier of British India . History . The Tirah Memorial was unveiled in 1900 , making it Oxford ' s first war memorial . The monument was designed by Inigo Thomas . It is an obelisk high , with foundations deep . It was erected in a public garden that had been the graveyard of St Peter - le - Bailey parish church and is now Bonn Square . The digging of the memorial ' s foundations unearthed human remains , which were re - interred at Osney Cemetery away . The Tirah Memorial is a Grade II listed building . Other Tirah memorials . Men of the Dorset Regiment who died during the Tirah Expedition are commemorated by a Tirah Memorial in Borough Gardens , Dorchester , Dorset , southern England . Men of the King ' s Own Scottish Borderers who died during the Tirah Expedition are commemorated on the memorial at North Bridge , Edinburgh , Scotland . Men of the Royal Sussex Regiment who died during the Tirah Expedition are commemorated on a memorial at Eastbourne , East Sussex , southeast England .