naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Harold Redler Lieutenant Harold Bolton Redler was a World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories . His most notable triumph was over a leading German ace , Adolf von Tutschek , whom he killed in action . Early life . Harold Redler Bolton was the eldest son born to Mr . and Mrs . D . B . Redler . He was born in West Honkton . His family relocated to South Africa , and were resident in Moorreesburg at the time of his death . World War I . On 9 April 1917 , Redler was appointed a Flying Officer with the rank of temporary second lieutenant . He was posted to 40 Squadron , and became a balloon buster for his first win on 7 May 1917 . He would score two more wins while with 40 Squadron . He then transferred to 24 Squadron . He began his tenure with them with his greatest feat . On 15 March 1918 , Redler was leading four other 24 Squadron pilots on patrol . He passed to the east of a westward bound patrol of six German craft – three Albatros fighters and three Fokker Triplanes . With the sun behind them , the British patrol dove upon a surprised sextet of Germans from Jasta 12 . Redler fired at the highest flying of the Fokker Triplane s , pressing his attack to a near - collision while pumping 40 rounds into its cockpit . The triplane stalled in flight , falling off to the right and spiraling down out of the dogfight into a forced landing . Redler claimed an " out of control " victory over it . However , Tutschek had apparently been rendered insensible during the fight , and was found dead in his landed airplane under puzzling circumstances . Redler had killed one of Germany ' s leading aces . Redler ran off a string of six more victories by 20 April 1918 . The following day , he was wounded in action . He was then relieved from his combat posting and returned to England . On 21 June 1918 , Redler was killed in a flying accident in Scotland . Ian Henderson perished along with him . Redler ' s Military Cross was gazetted the next day : See also . Aerial victory standards of World War I
James Mugford James Mugford ( 19 May 1749 – 19 May 1776 ) was a captain in the Continental Navy . Life and naval career . Mugford commanded the schooner " Franklin " in the Continental Navy , serving through 1775 in John Manley ’ s squadron off Boston . He captured British ship " Hope " with a large cargo of military stores and powder , and took his prize into Boston , running under the noses of the British fleet lying in the outer harbor . " Franklin " was attacked during the night of May 19 , 1776 in the company of Lady Washington ( a small privateer schooner with a crew of 7 commanded by Joseph Cunningham ) by British boarders claiming to be friends from Boston ; Captain Mugford was killed in action . The report of General Ward , the overall American commander in Boston , stated : Captain Mugford was very fiercely attacked by twelve or thirteen boats full of men , but he and his men exerted themselves with remarkable bravery , beat off the enemy , sunk several of their boats , and killed a number of their men ; it is supposed they lost sixty or seventy . The intrepid Captain Mugford fell a little before the enemy left his schooner ; he was ran through with a lance while he was cutting off the hands of the pirates as they attempted to board him , and it was said that with his own hands he cut off five pairs of theirs . . . The Lady Washington . . . was attacked by five boats , which were supposed to contain near or quite a hundred men ; but after repeated efforts to board her they were beaten off by the intrepidity and exertions of the little company , who gloriously defended the Lady against the brutal ravishers of liberty . Mugford had captured a British ship and , having delivered her and her cargo to Boston , he enlisted the Lady Washington to ferry him back to his own ship , the Franklin . A dozen or more British boats attempted to intercept him but arrived too late . Instead they tried to board by pretending to be friendly . Mugford warned them to keep their distance and fired his cannons loaded with musket balls when they ignored him . The attackers split into two groups , with the larger attacking the Franklin and the smaller attacking the Lady Washington . According to a report in the Pennsylvania Evening Post , Mugford was killed by a musket ball rather than a lance . General Ward ' s report is probably more accurate in this respect . Namesake . Two United States Navy ships , USS " Mugford " , have been named for him .
USS Edgar F . Luckenbach ( ID - 4597 ) USS " Edgar F . Luckenbach " ( ID - 4597 ) was a cargo ship and troop transport that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . SS " Edgar F . Luckenbach " , named for her owner Edgar Fredrick Luckenbach , Sr . , was built as a commercial cargo ship in 1916 at Newport News , Virginia , by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company . The United States Army chartered her for World War I service in 1917 , and she spent about a year operating for the Army with a U . S . Navy Naval Armed Guard detachment aboard . On 11 July 1918 , " Edgar F . Luckenbach " was transferred to the U . S . Navy , which commissioned her the same day at New Orleans , Louisiana , as USS " Edgar F . Luckenbach " with Lieutenant Commander A . H . Sears , USNRF , in command . Placed in service with the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " Edgar F . Luckenbach " departed New Orleans on 14 July 1918 and joined a convoy at New York City bound for France . She offloaded her U . S . Army cargo at Le Verdon - sur - Mer , La Pallice , Bordeaux , and Royan , then returned to the United States , arriving at Newport News on 26 September 1918 . She then made her second and last wartime voyage as a U . S . Navy ship between New York and Marseilles , France . In mid - December 1918 , " Edgar F . Luckenbach " was transferred to the Cruiser and Transport Force to bring home sick , wounded , and convalescent troops from Europe in the aftermath of World War I . She was converted into a troop transport , and from 1 March 1919 to 14 October 1919 she made five such voyages to France . Arriving at Norfolk , Virginia , at the end of the fifth of these postwar voyages on 14 October 1919 , " Edgar F . Luckenbach " was decommissioned there and returned to her owner on 30 October 1919 . Like most commercial ships commissioned by the U . S . Navy for World War I service , " Edgar F . Luckenbach " was assigned a Navy registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) - - in her case Id . No . 4597 — but she appears to have received this designation retrospectively , several years after the conclusion of her U . S . Navy service . It was highest of the many identification numbers in the SP / ID series given to private and commercial ships commissioned during and just after the war .
Second Battle of Jaunde The Second Battle of Jaunde involved the successful British and French assault on the German capital of Jaunde during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War . After the failure of the First Battle of Jaunde during the summer of 1915 , the bulk of Allied forces had retreated to the Kele river . Following the Second Duala Conference where Allied commanders discussed the situation , it was decided that another assault should be attempted . Although the columns surrounding Jaunde were not in effective communication with one another , on 1 January 1916 , British forces under Colonel Georges occupied the capital . By this time it had been abandoned by the German troops who had fled to the neutral Spanish colony of Rio Muni . This Allied victory signaled the end of German resistance in Kamerun apart from the Siege of Mora which would continue for another few months .
Thomas Quiwonkpa Thomas Quiwonkpa , a Gio from Nimba County , was a Commanding General of the Armed Forces of Liberia and founder of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia . Born in the town of Zurlay in 1955 , Quiwonkpa was the son of subsistence farmers . At the age of sixteen , he joined the AFL in order to further his life . After finishing high school in 1978 through a programme at the Barclay Training Center , he received an assignment to the AFL ' s records department . He first came to prominence on 12 April 1980 when he assisted Samuel Doe in a military coup that overthrew the Americo - Liberian government of William R . Tolbert , Jr . About a month later , the revolutionaries arrested AFL commander - in - chief Edwin Lloyd and other military leaders on charges of planning a countercoup . By mid - May , Quiwonkpa was proclaimed a major general and made the new AFL commander , although two months later he was using the title of brigadier general . Before long , he fell out with Doe ; in 1983 , Quiwonkpa was demoted and subsequently charged with an attempt to overthrow the Doe administration . The charges forced Quiwonkpa to flee the country . On November 12 , 1985 , one month after elections were held , Quiwonkpa , supported by about two dozen heavily armed men , covertly entered Liberia through Sierra Leone , and launched a coup against President Doe . Bad timing , Quiwonkpa ' s unorthodox methods , and lack of support from the United States resulted in the disastrous failure of the uprising . Quiwonkpa was later captured , killed ( November 15 ) and mutilated by Krahn soldiers loyal to President Doe . His killers then dismembered his body and reportedly ate parts of it . The body of the former AFL boss was publicly exhibited on the grounds of the Executive Mansion in Monrovia soon after his death . Joe Wylie , later Deputy Minister of Defense in the NTGL , was among the group who launched the coup . In a massive campaign of retribution against the coup plotters and their supporters , Doe ' s government launched a bloody purge against the Gio and Mano ethnic groups in Quiwonkpa ' s Nimba County , raising alarm about a possible genocide . Doe ' s slaughter of an estimated 3 , 000 people provoked ethnic rivalries that later fuelled the First Liberian Civil War .
Ali Pasha of Gucia Ali Pasha of Gucia ( 1817 - 1889 ) ( ; ) was an Boshniak and Albanian military commander and one of the leaders of the League of Prizren . He ruled over an area in eastern Montenegro . He was more commonly known as Ali Pashë Gucia or Али - паша Гусињски / Ali - paša Gusinjski ( " Ali Pasha of Gusinje " ) . Biography . Ali Pasha of Gucia was born in 1817 in Gusinje to Hasan - bey Shabanagaj . He finished military school in Istanbul . Ali Pasha of Gucia was a member of the League of Prizren and lead the forces of the League against the Ottoman empire after the Congress of Berlin , during which Albanian Boshnak - inhabited areas in modern Montenegro were ceded to Montenegro . In the early phases of the attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha he commanded the volunteer troops that blocked the routes from Đakovica to the Ottoman - Montenegrin border . He was also the leader of the Albanian troops of the League of Prizren against the Principality of Montenegro at the battle of Nokshiq ( modern Novšiće ) . After collisions which took place with Ottoman troops , Ali Pasha of Gucia was arrested . He was released after the Sultan gave general amnesty and became mutesarrif of the Sanjak of İpek . He was assassinated by agents of the Ottoman government in the Rugova Canyon in 1889 . Lahuta e Malcis . In the " Lahuta e Malcis " ( ) Ali Pasha of Gucia is presented as a " blazing hero " and is the central figure of the 8th canto and one of the important figures of the 9th canto .
SM UB - 56 SM " UB - 56 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the Flanders Flotilla of the German Imperial Navy on 19 July 1917 as SM " UB - 56 " . She operated as part of the Flanders Flotilla based in Zeebrugge . " UB - 56 " was sunk at 23 : 41 on 19 December 1917 at after striking a mine , 37 crew members lost their lives in the event . Construction . She was built by AG Weser , Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 6 June 1917 . " UB - 56 " was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 56 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 56 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 56 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Sword of Mercy The Sword of Mercy , or Edward the Confessor ' s Sword , is a symbolically broken sword that is part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom . The sword has a blade cut off short and square , indicating thereby the quality of the mercy of the sovereign ; according to the mythological history of the sword , its tip was broken off by an angel to prevent a wrongful killing . It is one of five swords used during the coronation of the British monarch . It is carried in the coronation procession between the Sword of Temporal Justice and the Sword of Spiritual Justice . These three swords are believed to have been made for the coronation of Charles I of England , and were among the few items of the crown jewels to escape being melted down by Oliver Cromwell . The sword is also wielded during the ceremony at which the monarch bestows knighthood upon the recipient of the honour .
Francis Kelly ( Medal of Honor ) Francis Kelly ( July 5 , 1860 – May 19 , 1938 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Spanish - American War . Biography . Francis Kelly enlisted in the US Navy from his birth state , Massachusetts , and served as a watertender in the collier during the Spanish - American War . Kelly was one of eight volunteer crew members when Rear Admiral William T . Sampson ordered " Merrimac " sunk to block the entrance of Santiago Harbor , Cuba . On the night of 2 - June 3 , 1898 , during the attempt to execute this mission , " Merrimac " ' s steering gear was disabled by enemy gunfire , and she sank without obstructing navigation . Her crewmen were rescued by the Spanish and made prisoners - of - war . After the Battle of Santiago de Cuba destroyed the Spanish fleet a month later , Kelly and his shipmates were released . For his actions during this operation , he was awarded the Medal of Honor . Francis Kelly remained in the Navy after the Spanish - American War , ultimately obtaining the rank of chief machinist ' s mate . He is buried at Sandymount Cemetery , Glasgow , Scotland . Medal of Honor citation . Kelly ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads as follows : In connection with the sinking of the U . S . S . " Merrimac " at the entrance to the harbor of Santiago de Cuba , June 2 , 1898 . Despite heavy fire from the Spanish batteries , KELLY displayed extraordinary heroism throughout this operation .
Douglas O - 38 The Douglas O - 38 was an observation airplane used by the United States Army Air Corps . Between 1931 and 1934 , Douglas built 156 O - 38s for the Air Corps , eight of which were O - 38Fs . Some were still in service at the time of the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941 .
Fairey Hendon The Fairey Hendon was a British monoplane heavy bomber of the Royal Air Force designed by Fairey Aviation in the late 1920s , which served in small numbers with one Squadron of the RAF between 1936 and 1939 . It was the first all - metal low - wing monoplane to enter service in the RAF . Development . The Hendon was built to meet the Air Ministry Specification B . 19 / 27 for a twin - engine night bomber to replace the Vickers Virginia , competing against the Handley Page Heyford and Vickers Type 150 . The specification required a range of 920 mi ( 1 , 480 km ) at a speed of 115 mph ( 185 km / h ) , with a bombload of 1 , 500 lb ( 680 kg ) . To meet this requirement , Fairey designed a low - winged cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage . The fuselage had a steel tube structure with fabric covering and housed the crew of five , consisting of a pilot , a radio operator / navigator , and three gunners , manning open nose , dorsal and tail positions . Bombs were carried in a bomb - bay in the centre - fuselage . Variants powered by either radial engines or liquid cooled V12 engines were proposed . The prototype K1695 ( which was known as the Fairey Night Bomber until 1934 ) first flew on 25 November 1930 , from Fairey ' s Great West Aerodrome in Heathrow , and was powered by two 460 hp ( 340 kW ) Bristol Jupiter VIII radial engines . The prototype crashed and was heavily damaged in March 1931 , and so was re - built with two Rolls - Royce Kestrel engines replacing the Jupiters . After trials , 14 production examples , now named the Hendon Mk . II were ordered . These were built by Fairey ' s Stockport factory in late 1936 and early 1937 and flown from Manchester ' s Barton Aerodrome . Orders for a further 60 Hendons were canceled in 1936 , as the prototype of the first of the next generation of British heavy bombers - the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley - had flown , and it showed much higher performance . The Hendon Mk . II was powered by two Rolls - Royce Kestrel VI engines . It had a fixed undercarriage and a crew of five while the production Hendon Mk . II included an enclosed cockpit for the pilot and navigator . Operational history . In practice , the type was delayed by the crash and rebuild of the prototype , so the Heyford received the majority of the orders needed to replace the RAF ' s heavy bombers , the Hendon coming into service three years later . The single Hendon - equipped unit , No . 38 Squadron RAF , began operational service based at RAF Mildenhall in November 1936 , replacing Heyfords , later moving to RAF Marham , Norfolk . Later , they went to No . 115 Squadron RAF , which was formed from No . 38 Squadron . The type was soon obsolete and replaced from late 1938 by the Vickers Wellington . By January 1939 , the Hendons had all been retired and were then used for ground instruction work , including the radio school at RAF Cranwell . Accidents and incidents . Of the 14 Hendon IIs only two were lost in accidents :
Battle of Lomnice The Battle of Lomnice or Lomnice nad Lužnicí occurred on 9 November 1618 , during the Bohemian period of the Thirty Years ' War . It was fought between the Roman Catholic army of Charles Bonaventure de Longueval , Count of Bucquoy , and the Protestant army of Heinrich Matthias von Thurn . On 23 May 1618 , the Bohemian Protestant nobles defeated King Matthias and threw the Roman Catholic governors of Bohemia from a window of their office at Prague Castle in an act which came to be known as the Defenestration of Prague . The new government , formed of Protestant nobility and Heinrich Matthias von Thurn , assumed command over the Bohemian Protestant forces . A Roman Catholic army under the command of Charles Bonaventure de Longueval , Count of Bucquoy was approaching Prague but a Protestant army stopped it near Čáslav for several weeks ; subsequent problems with food supplies and illness forced Buqouy to withdraw . Later , when Buquoy was on his way to reinforce , Count Thurn followed Buquoy ' s army and forced a battle near the village of Lomnice nad Lužnicí in southern Bohemia . Part of the Roman Catholic army held a position between two ponds and suffered most of its casualties from artillery fire . Buquoy suffered defeat , losing at least 1 , 500 troops . As a result , the main part of the Roman Catholic army had to leave Bohemia . But the Protestants did not follow up their victory by chasing the enemy , thereby missing an opportunity to crush the Roman Catholic army .
Saqaliba Saqaliba ( Arabic : صقالبة , sg . " Siqlabi " ) refers to the Europeans , often Slavic slaves , kidnapped from the coasts of Europe or in wars , as well as mercenaries in the medieval Arab world , in the Middle East , North Africa , Sicily and Al - Andalus . It is generally thought that the Arabic term is a Byzantine loanword : " saqlab " , " siklab " , " saqlabi " etc . is a corruption of Greek " Sklavinoi " meaning " Slavs " ( which is also related to the English word " slave " ) . The word is often misused to refer only to slaves from Central and Eastern Europe , but in fact it refers to all Europeans and others kidnapped by the Arab traders during the war or peace periods . Ibn Fadlan referred to the ruler of the Volga Bulgaria , Almış , as " King of the Saqaliba " . This may have been either because many Slavs , both slaves and ordinary settlers , lived in his domain at that time ; or a lack of ethnographical knowledge . The Persian chronicler Ibn al - Faqih wrote that there were two types of " saqaliba " : those with swarthy skin and dark hair that live by the sea and those with fair skin and light hair that live farther inland . Abu Zayd al - Balkhi described three main centers of the Saqaliba - Kuyaba , Slavia , and Artania . Ibrahim ibn Yaqub placed the people of " Saqalib " in the mountainous regions of Central Balkans , west of the Bulgarians and east from the " other Slavs , " thus somewhere around modern day Bosnia , Montenegro and Serbia . The " Saqalib " had the reputation of being " the most courageous and violent " . There were several major routes of the trade of Slav slaves into the Muslim world : through Central Asia ( Mongols , Tatars , Khazars , etc . ) ; through the Mediterranean ( Byzantium ) ; through Central and Western Europe to Al - Andalus . The Volga trade route and other European routes , according to Ibrahim ibn Jakub , were serviced by Radanite Jewish merchants . Theophanes mentions that the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I settled a whole army of 5 , 000 Slavic mercenaries in Syria in the 660s . In the Muslim world , Saqaliba served or were forced to serve in a multitude of ways : servants , harem girls , eunuchs , craftsmen , soldiers , and as Caliph ' s guards . In Iberia , Morocco , Damascus and Sicily , their role may be compared with that of mamluk s in the Ottoman Empire . In Spain , Slavic eunuchs were so popular and widely spread that they became synonymous with Saqāliba . Some Saqāliba became rulers of " taifa s " ( principalities ) in Iberia after the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba . For example , Muyahid ibn Yusuf ibn Ali organized the Saqaliba in Dénia to free themselves , seize control of the city and established the Taifa of Dénia which extended its reach as far as the island of Majorca .
United States Marine Corps Forces Command Commander , U . S . Marine Corps Forces Command ( COMMARFORCOM ) , headquartered at Naval Support Activity Norfolk , Virginia , commands Service retained - operating forces ; executes force sourcing and synchronization to affect force generation actions in the provisioning of joint capable Marine Corps forces , and directs deployment planning and execution of Service retained - operating forces in support of Combatant Commander ( CCDR ) and Service requirements ; serves as Commanding General , Fleet Marine Forces Atlantic ( CG FMFLANT ) and commands embarked Marine Corps forces ; coordinates Marine Corps - Navy integration of operational initiatives and advises CDR U . S . Fleet Forces Command ( USFF ) on support to Marine Corps forces assigned to naval ships , bases , and installations ; conducts Service directed operational tasks as required . As COMMARFORCOM , commands Service retained - operational forces . As CG FMFLANT , commands Service retained - operational forces embarked aboard Naval shipping .