naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Phyle The Battle of Phyle was fought between Athenian exiles who were seeking to restore democracy to Athens and a Spartan garrison trying to protect the oligarchic Thirty Tyrants . In the battle , 700 Athenian exiles under Thrasybulus decisively defeated the Spartans and their Athenian cavalry in a dawn ambush . Prelude . Following Athens ' defeat in the Peloponnesian War , a narrow oligarchic government was imposed on the city by Lysander and the victorious Spartans . This government , which came to be known as the Thirty Tyrants as a result of its brutal actions , exiled or drove away a number of citizens . Many of these gathered at Thebes , where they received support and assistance from the anti - Spartan government of Ismenias . Late in 404 BC , 70 of these exiles , commanded by Thrasybulus , crossed the border into Attica and occupied the strong point of Phyle on Mount Parnes . The Thirty , seeking to dislodge this threat , marched out to attack Phyle , but , after an initial assault was repulsed , a snowstorm drove the force back to Athens . Meanwhile , more exiles began to arrive at Phyle , swelling the size of the force there . The Thirty dispatched the Spartan garrison of Athens , along with an Athenian cavalry force , to keep a watch on Phyle and prevent the exiles from raiding the countryside . The battle . The Spartan force made its camp in a field two miles from Phyle , and from there kept a watch on the area . By this time , however , so many exiles had come to Phyle that Thrasybulus was now in command of a 700 man force . With this army , he came down from Phyle at night and surrounded the Spartan camp ; at dawn , the exiles attacked , catching the Spartan force in the midst of waking up . A total rout ensued ; 120 hoplite s , just under a fifth of the Spartan force , were killed , as were three cavalrymen . The defeated force fled back to Athens in disarray ; after pursuing for a mile , the victorious exiles returned to Phyle . Aftermath . This unexpected defeat shook the confidence of the government at Athens , and the Thirty began shortly afterward to prepare a refuge for themselves at Eleusis by seizing and executing a number of potential dissenters there . The exiles , meanwhile , received a great boost in prestige from the victory , and new recruits swelled their numbers rapidly . Just a few days after the battle at Phyle , Thrasybulus led a force of 1000 men to Piraeus . There , he won another victory , after which the Thirty fled to Eleusis . A stalemate then ensued , with Thrasybulus and his men holding the Piraeus while a new oligarchic government held Athens ; this was brought to a close when a Spartan force under Pausanias arrived ; after fighting an inconclusive battle with the men from Phyle , Pausanias arranged a settlement that restored democratic governance to Athens .
Spanish frigate Santa María ( F81 ) SPS " Santa María " ( F81 ) is the lead ship of six Spanish - built s , based on the American design , of the Spanish Navy . Laid down on 22 May 1982 and launched on 11 November 1984 , the " Santa María " was commissioned into service on 12 October 1986 . All of these Spanish frigates have the length of the later " Oliver Hazard Perry " frigates , and have a wider beam than the US Navy design , and therefore able to carry more top weight . Fin stabilizers are fitted .
Al Lockwood Group Captain Alan John " Al " Lockwood is a retired Royal Air Force officer who stood as the Conservative candidate for UK Parliament constituency at the British General election in 2005 . As his opponent was the then Prime Minister Tony Blair , his campaign was mostly a formality ; he received 14 . 4 % of the vote , as opposed to Blair ' s 58 . 9 % . During the Iraq War , Lockwood was recalled into the RAF , having been previously discharged , to become the British military spokesman based at United States Central Command in Qatar .
USS Talita ( AKS - 8 ) USS " Talita " ( AKS - 8 ) , an " Acubens " - class stores ship , is the only ship of the United States Navy to have this name . " Talita " was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract as liberty ship SS " Jonathan Jennings " ( MCE hull 2012 ) on 23 April 1943 at Portland , Oregon , by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation ; launched on 12 May 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Paul Ryolfson ; acquired by the Navy on a bare boat basis from the War Shipping Administration on 5 November 1943 ; renamed " Talita " on 13 November 1943 ; and commissioned on 4 March 1944 . After her conversion into a stores issue ship was completed on 4 March 1944 by the Tampa Shipbuilding Co . , Tampa , Florida , she was fitted out and put to sea for a short shakedown cruise . " Talita " got underway from Balboa , Panama Canal Zone , on 1 May bound for the New Hebrides . However , she was diverted to the Solomons and arrived at Guadalcanal on 1 June . After issuing stores there , she proceeded to the New Hebrides . " Talita " departed Espiritu Santo on 11 July , reached Eniwetok after a nine - day voyage , and returned to Espiritu Santo on 11 September . She continued resupply runs from there to Majuro , Eniwetok , Ulithi , and Manus until early March 1945 when she headed for the United States . " Talita " arrived at San Francisco on 23 March for an overhaul and sailed one month later for the South Pacific . After calling at Pearl Harbor , she shuttled supplies between Eniwetok , Ulithi , Leyte , and Manus until 20 September when she sailed for the Ryukyus . The ship remained at Okinawa from 25 September to 2 October when she got underway for Japan . After offloading supplies at Wakayama , Hiro Wan , and Matsuyama , she returned to Pearl Harbor on 12 November . The next day , she headed for San Francisco . " Talita " remained there from 21 November 1945 to 17 February 1946 when she sailed for Hawaii . She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 25 February , was decommissioned on 9 April , and towed back to San Francisco for disposal . " Talita " was transferred to the Maritime Commission on 9 July and struck from the Navy list on 17 July 1947 .
USS Shelton ( DE - 407 ) The USS " Shelton " ( DE - 407 ) was a " John C . Butler " - class destroyer escort ( DE ) built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Ensign James A . Shelton , ( a naval aviator who was reported missing during the Battle of Midway ) , she was the first of two U . S . Naval vessels to bear the name . " Shelton " was laid down on 1 November 1943 by Brown Shipbuilding of Houston , Texas ; launched on 18 December 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . John Shelton ; and commissioned on 4 April 1944 with Lieutenant Lewis B . Salomon , USNR , in command . After fitting out and loading stores , " Shelton " steamed out of port on 21 April , in company with bound for Bermuda on her shakedown cruise . Upon completion , she underwent post - shakedown availability at the Boston Navy Yard from 25 May – 15 June . She departed Boston on 16 June " en route " to San Diego via New York , Hampton Roads , and Balboa C . Z . History . " Shelton " arrived at San Diego on 6 July and sailed for Pearl Harbor three days later . She stood out from Pearl Harbor on 26 July as part of a convoy proceeding to Eniwetok . The convoy arrived there on 6 August and was dissolved . " Shelton " was then assigned as a unit in the screen for Task Force 57 ( TF 57 ) — composed of five carriers — and routed to Seeadler Harbor , Admiralty Island . After arriving there on 13 August , " Shelton " operated in the area until the following month when she was assigned to the Morotai Attack Force ( TF 77 ) . The DE was still off Morotai on 3 October in the screen for the escort carrier s and when they were attacked by the Japanese submarine " RO - 41 " . A torpedo wake was sighted at heading for the escort . In evading it , " Shelton " was hit on the starboard screw by a second torpedo , which caused severe damage and flooding . Fellow DE came alongside and removed the crew . The escort was taken under tow but capsized and sank . " Shelton " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 27 November 1944 . Honors . " Shelton " received one battle star for World War II service . Thirteen of her crew were lost with the ship and remain on duty .
Battle of Mandora The Battle of Mandora was fought on 13 March 1801 between the French Armée d ' Orient and the British expeditionary corps , during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria . The battle occurred when a French force of nearly 5 , 000 men under General François Lanusse , counter - attacked the British advance towards the defences of Alexandria . After hard fighting , the outnumbered French troops where thrown back in confusion . The British 90th and 92nd Regiments of Foot , who had borne the brunt of the fighting , were awarded the battle honour " Mandora " . Eight days later , the French made a further unsuccessful attempt to halt the British at the Battle of Alexandria . The Mandora Barracks ( built 1895 , demolished 1970 ) at Aldershot in Hampshire were named after this action .
Joel Halliwell Joel Halliwell ( 29 December 1881 – 14 June 1958 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Halliwell was 37 years old , and a lance - corporal in the 11th Battalion , The Lancashire Fusiliers , British Army during the First World War when he performed a deed at the Third Battle of the Aisne for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 27 May 1918 at Muscourt , France , when the remnants of the battalion were withdrawing and being closely engaged by the enemy , Lance - Corporal Halliwell , having captured a stray horse , rode out under heavy rifle and machine - gun fire and rescued a man from No Man ' s Land . He repeated this performance several times and succeeded in rescuing an officer and nine other ranks . He made a last effort to reach a wounded man but was driven back by the very close advance of the enemy . The medal . The medal is in Middleton , Greater Manchester with his family .
Colt M1892 The M1892 Colt Army & Navy was the first general issue double - action with a swing - out cylinder revolver used by the U . S . military . Overview . In 1892 the gun was adopted by the Army in . 38 Long Colt caliber , and the revolver was given the appellation New Army and Navy . Initial experience with the gun caused officials to request some improvement s . This would be an ongoing condition , resulting in Models 1892 , 1894 , 1895 , 1896 , 1901 and 1903 , as well as a Model 1905 Marine Corps variant . Features . The revolver featured a counter - clockwise rotating cylinder , which could be opened for loading and ejection by simply pulling back on a catch mounted on the left side of the frame behind the recoil shield . It was easily manipulated by the thumb of the right hand , and upon release the cylinder could be poked out sideways with the shooter ' s forefinger . Empty cases were removed by simply pushing back on an ejector rod to activate a star extractor . The six - shooter could then be quickly reloaded and the cylinder clicked back into place . Sights . Sights were the basic rounded front blade and topstrap notch . The finish on all military revolvers was blue , though civilian guns could be had nickeled or with other special finishes and embellishments . History and Usage . The M1892 ' s counter - clockwise cylinder rotation tended to force the cylinder out of alignment with the frame over time , and this was exacerbated by relatively weak lockwork used to time or match individual chambers to the barrel . In 1908 , Colt improved and strengthened the lockwork , and changed the cylinder rotation to a clockwise movement . The most vociferous complaints concerned the revolver ' s cartridge chambering . Beginning in 1899 , combat reports arose from the Philippines campaign regarding the poor performance of the M1892 ' s . 38 - caliber ammunition . Specifically , users complained that the . 38 bullet repeatedly failed to stop charging enemy tribesmen at close ranges , even when hit multiple times . The complaints caused the U . S . Army to hurriedly issue stocks of . 45 caliber revolvers , and played a central role in its decision to replace the M1892 with the . 45 Colt M1909 New Service revolver in 1909 . In the rush to furnish arms to the rapidly expanding Navy after the United States entered World War I , surplus stocks of these old Colts were inspected , refurbished as needed and then issued to officers as a substitute standard side arm . Modifications and variants . During its service life , the M1892 received modifications to the basic design , including cylinder lockwork , the addition ( in 1894 ) of trigger and hammer locks , different barrel markings , the addition of a lanyard ring , and a reduction of bore diameter in an effort to increase accuracy . Safety Caution . Both . 38 Special and . 357 Magnum will chamber in Colt New Army revolvers , due to the straight walled chambers , however , this should not be done under any circumstances , due to dangerous pressure levels , up to three times what the New Army is designed for .
M - 69 Incendiary cluster bomb The M - 69 incendiary cluster bomb was used to target Japan ese cities during World War II . They were nicknamed ' Tokyo Calling Cards ' . The bomb used napalm as an incendiary filler , improving on earlier designs which used thermite or magnesium fillers that burnt more intensely but were less energy / weight effective and easier to put out . They were used in clusters of 36 as part of M19 ' aimable clusters ' , which opened up at about ASL . It was tested against typical German and Japanese residential structures at Japanese Village and German Village , constructed at Dugway Proving Ground , Utah , in 1943 . The M - 69 was a success in the tests , though it would not ultimately be used in raids on Germany due to different tactics being employed there . They were employed with great effect against the Japanese in mass fire bombing raids starting in March 1945 . In the first ten days of raids with the M - 69 and M - 47 , extensive damage was done to Tokyo , Nagoya , Osaka , and Kobe .
William Henry Grimbaldeston William Henry Grimbaldeston VC ( 19 September 1889 – 13 August 1959 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Grimbaldeston was 27 years old , and an Acting Company Quartermaster - Sergeant in the 1st Battalion , The King ' s Own Scottish Borderers , British Army at the Battle of Passchendaele during the First World War when he performed a deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 16 August 1917 at Wijdendrift , Belgium , Company Quartermaster - Sergeant Grimbaldeston noticed that the unit on his left was held up by enemy machine - gun fire from a blockhouse . Arming himself with a rifle and hand grenade he started to crawl towards his objective , and when he had advanced about 100 yards another soldier came forward to give covering support . Although wounded , he pushed on to the blockhouse , threatened the machine - gun teams inside with a hand grenade and forced them to surrender . This action resulted in the capture of 36 prisoners , six machine - guns and one trench mortar . He was also awarded the French Croix de Guerre . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of The Kings Own Scottish Borderers , Berwick upon Tweed , Northumberland , England .
Anandarayar Sahib Anandarayar Sahib was a poet and administrator who served as a minister in the courts of the Thanjavur Maratha kings Shahuji I , Serfoji I and Tukkoji . He was given the honorific title " Peshwa " . Biography . Anandarayar Sahib hailed from a prominent Brahmin family of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom . He was " dharmadhikari " during the reign of Shahuji I and " dalavoy " in the reign of his successor Serfoji I . Anandarayar Sahib is mentioned in literary works as " Aiyavayyan " . He is credited with having duggen a canal called " Aiyavayyanaru " and dedicated " agraharams " as Mangamatam and Sarabhojirajapuram . Military Campaigns . Anandarayar led the Thanjavur Maratha forces during the Ramnad war of succession in support of Bhavani Sankar . Literary works . There are a number of literary works attributed to Anandarayar Sahib or dedicated to him . Anandarayar composed two works , one in Tamil ( " Advaita Kirtana " ) and another in Sanskrit ( " Sarabhoji Charitra " ) . Later years . While some sources claim that Anandarayar Sahib fell out of favour with the king and was thrown in jail where he died broken - hearted , others claim that Seroji lated pardoned the minister who retired to Thiruvenkadu where he died .
Adam Studziński Fr . Adam Studziński ( 2 June 1911 – 2 April 2008 ) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest ( of the Dominican Order ) . Studzinski served as chaplain of the Polish Armed Forces in the West during World War II . Studziński was first ordained as a Dominican priest in 1937 . He served with the Polish forces in Palestine . He later took part in the Italian Campaign with Polish forces during the World War II , including the Battle of Monte Cassino . For his service as a Polish chaplain during the war , Fr . Studziński was honored with several Polish military and state honors , including the Cross of Valour ( Poland ) , Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari , Cross of Merit with Swords and the Commander ' s Cross with Star of Polonia Restituta ( Order of Reborn Poland ) . He was also awarded with several British honors as well . Adam Studziński studied art conservation at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków . He worked to renovate the Dominican monastery and St . Guy ' s Catholic Church , both of which are located in Krakow . Studziński was made an honorary citizen of Krakow in 1999 . He was promoted to the rank of general in 2006 . He authored several publications , including a guide to Polish war cemeteries in Italy and a book about his memories of World War II . He remained active in Polish veteran organizations , including for Polish Scouting , where he had ranked Harcmistrz . Fr . Adam Studziński died in Krakow on April 2 , 2008 , at the age of 97 .
HMS Emerald ( 1876 ) HMS " Emerald " was a corvette , of the Royal Navy , built at the Pembroke Dockyard and launched on 18 August 1876 . She commenced service on the Australia Station in September 1878 . She escorted Sir Hercules Robinson , the Governor of New Zealand from Sydney to Auckland in May 1879 . " Emerald " was sent on a punitive mission in the Solomon Islands in 1879 after the captain and three crew of were killed by natives . She left the Australia Station in October 1881 and returned to England . " Emerald " was refitted and rearmed in 1882 in England and placed into reserve . She commissioned for the North America and West Indies Station in 1886 , before returning to England in 1892 and again being placed into reserve . She was converted into a powder hulk in 1895 at Portsmouth . Fate . She was sold on 10 July 1906 to Cox , Falmouth .
Battle of the Terek River The Battle of the Terek River was the second major battle of Tokhtamysh - Timur War . It took place at the Terek River , North Caucasus . Tokhtamysh cavalry attacked the right flank and the center of Timur ' s army . However , some Golden Horde emirs went over to Timur ' s side . This helped Timur defeat the left flank of Tokhtamysh ' s army and then the whole army itself . The victorious army of Timur pursued Tokhtamysh ' s , annihilating cities while staying on the Volga . The destroyed cities include Xacitarxan , Azaq , Majar , Sarai al - Jadid , Ukek .
Beijing Military Region The Beijing Military Region is one of seven military regions for the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army . It has administration of all military affairs within Beijing city , Tianjin city , Hebei province , Shanxi province , and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . The Region is mainly responsible for defending the People ' s Republic of China from Mongolia and Russia , and also protects the capital of Beijing , with the largest number of military personnel of any of the seven regions . The International Institute for Strategic Studies attributes to the command 300 , 000 personnel , consisting of three group armies ( the 27th Army , 38th Army , and the 65th Army ) , two armoured divisions , one mechanised infantry division , five motorised divisions , one artillery division , three armoured , seven motorised infantry , four artillery , a total of five various anti - aircraft brigades , and one anti - tank regiment . The command is also augmented by the Capital Garrison , which consists of the 1st and 3rd Capital Garrison Divisions ( Police ) , and is also home to the PLA Navy ( PLAN ) North Sea Fleet and the PLA Air Force ( PLAAF ) 10th Air Force Corps . In reductions announced in September 2003 , the 24th Group Army ( Hebei ) , and the 63rd Group Army ( Shanxi ) were both disbanded . Over the course of the 2003 reductions cycle , Dennis Blasko estimates that the 114th Mechanised Infantry Division of the 38th Group Army , the 70th Division of the 24th Group Army , two artillery brigades , and an anti - aircraft artillery brigade appear to have been dropped from the force . The commander of the military region resides in Beijing . The current commander is Lt . General Zhu Qi ( 朱启上将 ) . He replaced Lt . General Li Xinliang in 2002 . The Political Commissar is Du Tiehuan , presumably replacing Fu Yangui in 2002 also . History and mission . The Beijing Military Region traces its lineage to the establishment of the North China Military Region in May 1948 . It was renamed the Beijing Military Region in 1955 , when the Inner Mongolia Military Region was downgraded to a district , and was folded into the Beijing Military Region . The Beijing Military Region is primarily charged with protecting the capital . Because of its location in the capital , the Beijing Military Region is the most important of the seven military regions . Each unit from the Beijing Military Region contributed forces to Beijing for the crackdown on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , and these elements remained deployed in Beijing long after using deadly force to remove the demonstrators . In addition to guarding the capital , the Beijing Military Region is also in charge of training key personnel for leadership positions through the numerous military academies in the region .