naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Henderson C . Howard Henderson Calvin Howard ( September 16 , 1839 — December 13 , 1919 ) was a Union Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Peninsular Campaign of 1862 . Biography . Howard was born in Indiana , Pennsylvania on September 16 , 1839 , the son of Thomas Howard and Margaret Clark McLain Howard . Henderson joined the army in June 1861 . During the Battle of Glendale in Henrico County , Virginia on June 30 , 1862 , he was involved in action against Confederate troops . He was captured at the Second Battle of Bull Run , but was later released . Howard ' s Medal of Honor was not issued until March 30 , 1898 . He was one of only two men from the 11th Pennsylvania Reserves to receive the Medal of Honor ; the other one was Charles Shambaugh from Company D . He was mustered out of the army in June 1864 with the rank of First Sergeant ( he had been a Corporal during the battles of the Peninsular Campaign ) . After the war he served as the sheriff of Indiana County , Pennsylvania , from 1869 - 1872 . Howard married Katherine Dalby on March 4 , 1879 in Indiana , Pennsylvania . They had a son , Ross Dalby Howard , who was born in 1882 . He died on December 13 , 1919 in Fort Collins , Colorado , and is buried in Grandview Cemetery , Fort Collins . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : While pursuing one of the enemy ' s sharpshooters , encountered two others , whom he bayoneted in hand - to - hand encounters ; was three times wounded in action . Notes . 11th Pennsylvania Reserves Muster Roll
Audacious - class ironclad The " Audacious " - class battleships were designed by Sir Edward Reed at the request of the Board of Admiralty to serve as second - class battleships on distant foreign stations . Background and design . The principal motivation driving the Admiralty was the French policy , already well advanced , of dispatching their own small ironclads to these same distant stations . As the ships were intended for service in waters far distant from Britain , and given the limited efficiency of the steam engines of the period , it was necessary to equip them with a full sailing rig . Reed never wavered from his belief that in a fully rigged ship armament carried in a central broadside battery was the superior method , being unobstructed by masts and rigging . Both the designer and the Admiralty were therefore in total agreement that these ships should not be armed with turret - mounted artillery . The rig was later converted to a barque - rig , which required fewer hands to manage . The ships were designed following the lines of , by then , more than five years old . Reed found that , on the dimensions of the older ship , the armament , armour and machinery would all be insufficient for the stated requirements , and asked for an increase in tonnage , which was reluctantly granted by the Board . Although four ships were required , initially only two , and were laid down . The Admiralty , following a commitment made to Parliament by the First Lord of the Admiralty , put the other two ships out to tender . Submissions of various designs were received : a broadside and turret ship from Mare & Company , a broadside ship from Palmers , a different broadside ship from Thames Ironworks , and turret ships from Napiers , Samudas and Lairds Co & Sons . All were determined to be in some way inadequate , and ultimately the third and fourth ships were built , with some delay , to the Admiralty design . This class was the first homogeneous class of battleships to be launched since the , and the last until the .
Morgan Henry Chrysler Morgan Henry Chrysler ( September 30 , 1822 – August 24 , 1890 ) was an American soldier who served as a Union Army general during the American Civil War . Early life . Chrysler was born at Ghent , Columbia County , New York . He received a normal school education in his native town . He was involved in farming nearly all his life . Civil War service . When the American Civil War began in 1861 , Chrysler chose to support the Union cause . He entered federal service as a private for a company which later joined the 30th New York Infantry . He was appointed captain of the 30th New York on June 1 , 1861 . He became major on March 11 , 1862 ; lieutenant colonel on August 30 , 1863 ; and colonel of a regiment of cavalry on December 13 , 1863 . Chrysler served in the Peninsula Campaign , the Second Battle of Bull Run , the Battle of Antietam , and the Battle of Chancellorsville . He and the regiment were mustered out after the battle of Chancellorsville because their term of service was expired . He was instantly granted the authority to reorganize the discharged men into a cavalry regiment . In fifty - five days , he raised the 2nd New York veteran cavalry , which consisted of 1 , 176 men . He and his regiment were briefly stationed at Washington during the winter of 1863 – 64 , before they were sent to New Orleans , Louisiana , to join the Department of the Gulf . Chrysler ' s regiment participated in the Red River Campaign , and led a brigade of cavalry as the advance guard of Lawler ' s Division to secure a crossing on the Atchafalaya River used by Confederate forces to threaten the union camp at Morganza , Louisiana . They did their remaining service in the lower South . Chrysler commanded a brigade in Thomas John Lucas ' s division during the final campaign against Mobile in 1865 . Chrysler was appointed a brevet major general on March 13 , 1865 . He was one of only four men who rose from private to major general during the Civil War . He became military governor of the District of Northern Alabama for a short period of time before he was mustered out in 1866 . Postbellum . Following the war , Chrysler led a private life . He died at Kinderhook , New York , and was interred at Valatie , New York .
No . 256 Squadron RAF No . 256 Squadron RAF was an aircraft squadron of the Royal Air Force during World War II . It operated Defiant Mk IIs out of RAF Squires Gate in the night defence of Liverpool . On 23 November 1940 , No . 256 reformed at Catterick as a night fighter squadron with Defiants and became operational over south - west England early in February 1941 . In March it moved north to defend Merseyside and in July acquired some Hurricanes . Beaufighters began to arrive in May 1942 , and were flown until the squadron was transferred to southern England in April 1943 and converted to Mosquitoes . In July 1943 , a detachment was sent to Malta to help cover the Allied landings in Sicily and in October the wholw squadron moved there . In April 1944 it moved to Algeria whre it absorbed the Spitfires of the Gibraltar Defence Flight on 6 May and in August moved to Sardinia , followed a month later by a move to Italy . Intruder Flights over the Balkans began and continued until the end of the war . In September 1945 , No . 256 moved to Egypt and in addition to its night fighter role also operated a flight of meteorlogical Mosquitoes from April 1946 . After moving to Cyprus in July 1946 the squadron disbanded on 12 September 1946 . In the 1950s it was equipped with the Armstrong - Whitworth Meteor NF11 Night / All Weather Fighter and based as part of No 125 Wing , RAF Germany ( 2nd Tactical Air force ) , first at RAF Ahlhorn in north Germany and , when that airfield was handed back to the German Air Force in 1958 , the wing was re - located at RAF Geilenkirchen near Aachen . Upon re - equipment with the Gloster Javelin in 1960 the squadron was re - numbered as No 11 Squadron . References . Bishop , Chris ( ed ) " " The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Air Warfare " " Amber Books , Ltd . 2004 ISBN 1 - 904687 - 26 - 1 http : / / www . raf . mod . uk / history / 256squadron . cfm
No . 415 Squadron RCAF No . 415 Squadron RCAF was an air squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force that first saw service during the Second World War . After unification of Canada ' s armed forces in 1968 , the squadron continued to provide service within the Canadian Forces . History . No . 415 Squadron was created at Thorney Island on 21 August 1941 as a torpedo - bomber squadron , armed with Hampden s . It flew from a number of different bases , attacking enemy convoys and shipyards . In March 1943 Acting Wing Commander George Howard David Evans , RAF , was appointed as Commanding Officer . A week later while flying an air test his aircraft crashed . On 8 April he undertook a night ' roam ' over St Malo and Cherbourg armed with bombs but did not find a target . The following day he led 12 Hampdens to Docking and on the 10 April six to St Eval . Later in the day he led five Hampdens in a torpedo attack against the Italian blockade runner " Himalaya " which was being escorted by eight German warships in the Bay of Biscay . His aircraft was hit several times by flak and was forced to turn back to Bordeaux . The squadron received the following signal : " From AOC 19 Group A / 479 11 Apr . Please convey to W / Cdr Evans and those concerned my hearty congratulations on the great determination shown by himself , F / O Brenner , P / O Batten and F / Sgts Clive and McGee , in pressing home their important attack on the enemy blockade runner on 10 Apr in the face of the heaviest opposition . " On 20 April 1943 Wing Commander Evans was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross ( DFC ) for his previous service with 489 ( RNZAF ) Squadron . He handed over command of 415 Squadron on 1 August 1943 and was made a member of the Distinguished Service Order on 1 October 1943 for his leadership of the Squadron . In October 1943 the Squadron was re - equipped with Wellington s and Albacore s ; operating out of Bircham Newton , it became a successful E - and R - boat hunter unit . During the D - Day operations , it used its bombers to lay protective smoke screens for the Allied ships as they assaulted the coastline and landed troops ashore . In July 1944 , the squadron was transferred to RAF Bomber Command ' s No . 6 Group ( RCAF ) and transitioned to East Moor . There , it re - equipped with Halifax III s and began major bombing of German targets on July 28 / 29 , when it attacked Hamburg . For nine months afterward , it made bombing runs over important enemy targets in a variety of places until 25 April 1945 , when it made its last mission , an attack on the gun batteries on the island of Wangerooge . The squadron disbanded in May , 1945 . The squadron was re - formed at RCAF Station Summerside in 1961 as a Maritime Air Command patrol squadron and flew Argus aircraft . No 415 continued in this role after unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968 . In 1981 the Argus was replaced with the CP - 140 Aurora and the Sqn was transferred to CFB Greenwood . In 2005 the squadron was stood down and consolidated with 405 Squadron .
HMS Avenger ( 1845 ) HMS " Avenger " was a wooden paddle wheel frigate of the Royal Navy launched in 1845 and wrecked with heavy loss of life in 1847 . Construction and commissioning . " Avenger " was built to a design by Sir William Symonds that was approved on 25 March 1844 . She was initially ordered from Deptford Dockyard on 19 February 1844 but the order was transferred to Devonport Dockyard on 22 June 1844 . She was laid down there on 27 August 1844 and launched on 5 August 1845 . She sailed under a jury rig to Deptford where her machinery was fitted and completed . She was then commissioned on 21 June 1846 . She had cost £44 , 777 for the hull , £32 , 740 for machinery , and £11 , 630 for the fittings . She was armed with 10 guns and was initially rated as a first - class frigate , though this was later reduced on 31 July 1846 to a second - class . Service . " Avenger " served with the Channel Fleet from 28 April 1846 to November 1847 , when she was transferred to the Mediterranean . Loss . " Avenger " sailed from Gibraltar on 17 December 1847 bound for Malta and commanded by Captain Charles Elers Napier , stepson of Rear Admiral Sir Charles Napier who was then commanding the Channel Fleet . On 20 December she ran on to the Sorelle Rocks , near Malta . Captain Napier drowned , and only eight crew members survived .
Convoy PQ 4 Convoy PQ - 4 was the fifth of the Arctic Convoys of World War II by which the Western Allies supplied material aid to the Soviet Union in its fight with Nazi Germany . The Convoy sailed from Hvalfjord , Iceland on 17 November 1941 and arrived at Archangelsk on 28 November 1941 . Ships . The convoy consisted of eight merchant ships ( four British and four Soviet ) all of which arrived safely . The escort consisted of the cruiser HMS " Berwick " , the destroyers HMS " Offa " and HMS " Onslow " , two minesweeper s and two armed trawlers .
Knollwood ( Bearden Hill ) Knollwood is an antebellum historic house at 6411 Kingston Pike in Knoxville , Tennessee , United States . It is also known as Knollwood Hall , Major Reynolds House , the Tucker Mansion and Bearden Hill . The home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Construction was supervised by Major Robert Reynolds ' sister , Rebecca , while he was serving in the Mexican – American War . The house was completed in 1851 . The home and plantation were developed on land purchased from James White , the founder of Knoxville . The home was originally built in the Federal style , but neoclassical details were added in the late 19th century . A later owner , Charles W . Griffith , added the distinctive front porch in 1919 . Confederate General James Longstreet used the home as his headquarters in late 1863 ; he is reputed to have planned the Battle of Fort Sanders , part of the Knoxville Campaign , in the dining room . Knollwood was one of several antebellum plantations located along Kingston Pike in what was then western Knox County . Others included the Baker Peters House , Armstrong - Lockett House ( Crescent Bend ) , Bleak House , and the Mabry Hood House ( now demolished ) . Architecturally , Knollwood has a more significant presence than the Baker Peters House and Mabry Hood House . The Harvey Tucker family , wealthy Knoxvillians involved in the hospitality industry ( i . e . , Quality Courts , now part of Choice Hotels , Inc . ) , owned the house in the mid - to - late 20th century . Through the era when the Tucker family lived at Knollwood , the sweeping front lawn remained undeveloped . The house was known informally as the Tucker Mansion in this era . The plantation itself and the front lawn no longer exist , due to surrounding development . The mansion , itself , survives and has been renovated , but it now serves as the headquarters for Schaad Companies . It is not open to the public , but has been used by Knox Heritage for a social event .
Royal Canadian Postal Corps The Royal Canadian Postal Corps ( RCPC ) was an administrative corps of the Canadian Army . The Canadian Postal Corps was redesignated the Royal Canadian Postal Corps on 20 Jun 1961 . The crest of the Royal Canadian Postal Corps consists of a horn , with a Queen ' s Crown on top . Superimposed at the center of the horn is the text " RCPC " . At the bottom the text " Servire Armatis " is written on a ribbon . Unification . When the Army , Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged in 1968 to form the Canadian Forces , the administrative Corps of the Army were deactivated and merged with their Naval and Air Force counterparts to form the Canadian Forces ' personnel branch es .
USS Luster ( IX - 82 ) USS " Luster " ( IX ‑ 82 ) , was a yacht which served in the United States Navy as a patrol boat during World War II . She was built as " Ko ‑ Asa " in 1936 by M . M . Davis & Sons of Solomons , Maryland , and purchased by the Navy from George Marshall Allen of New York City on 21 July 1942 ; and placed in service on 14 August 1942 . Service history . Renamed " Luster " on 2 September 1942 , the converted yacht was assigned to the 7th Naval District Local Defense Force , Port Everglades section , on 14 August . She was attached to the Gulf Sea Frontier Force primarily for ASW patrols on the east coast of Florida . She was placed out of service on 24 March 1943 , and assigned to the Supervisor of Salvage , USN , Miami , on 22 January 1944 to be operated by Merritt - Chapman & Scott Corp . with a civilian crew . She was placed out of service a second time on 26 June 1944 and laid up at Coast Guard Patrol Base , Port Everglades . She was transferred to the War Shipping Administration on 20 December 1944 and sold .
USNS Pecos ( T - AO - 197 ) USNS " Pecos " ( T - AO - 197 ) is a " Henry J . Kaiser " - class underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command to support ships of the United States Navy , and the third such ship to be named after the Pecos River . " Pecos " , the eleventh " Henry J . Kaiser " - class ship , was laid down on 17 February 1988 at Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans , Louisiana , and launched on 23 September 1989 . She was delivered to the Navy and placed in non - commissioned service with a primarily civilian crew under the control of the Military Sealift Command on 6 July 1990 . The ship is equipped with a helicopter platform to allow for at - sea transfer of personnel and supplies . " Pecos " is part of the MSC Naval Auxiliary Force , MSC Pacific , in the United States Pacific Fleet , and has received the National Defense Service Medal , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal twice , and the Southwest Asia Service Medal . On 9 December 1999 a United States Marine Corps H - 46 helicopter crashed into " Pecos " and sank while participating in a training mission . Seven of the 18 personnel on board the helicopter were lost in the accident . As routine procedure following an accident , members of the crew were subjected to drug testing . Captain Mark LaRachelle , the ship ' s Master , failed the initial and secondary drug tests and was subsequently relieved of command and fired from the Military Sealift Command . Following his dismissal from MSC , his US Coast Guard license was revoked . During Operation Tomodachi , the Pecos rendezvoused with U . S . 7th Fleet flagship USS Blue Ridge near Kyushu , Japan . Blue Ridge transferred 96 pallets of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief material to Pecos for delivery to the Essex Amphibious Group and the Ronald Reagan Carrier Strike Group . Pallets , some weighing as much as 1 , 000 pounds , contained items such as water containers and water purification tablets , first - aid products , tarps , blankets and other supplies . The ship arrived off Sendai March 25 for more underway replenishment operations . During its support effort to Operation Tomodachi , Pecos completed nine unreps and delivered more than 2 . 3 million gallons of fuel to other supporting ships .
Targeting ( warfare ) Targeting is the process of selecting objects or installations to be attacked , taken , or destroyed in warfare . Targeting systematically analyze and prioritize targets and match appropriate lethal and nonlethal actions to those targets to create specific desired effects that achieve the joint force commander ’ s ( JFC ’ s ) objectives , accounting for operational requirements , capabilities , and the results of previous assessments . The emphasis of targeting is on identifying resources ( targets ) the enemy can least afford to lose or that provide him with the greatest advantage ( high - value target [ HVT ] ) , then further identifying the subset of those targets which must be acquired and engaged to achieve friendly success ( high - payoff target [ HPT ] ) . Targeting links the desired effects to actions and tasks . The targeting process can be generally grouped into two categories : deliberate and dynamic . Deliberate targeting normally supports the joint force ’ s future plans effort , which is overseen by the plans directorate of a joint staff ( J - 5 ) . ( Normally , the future operations directorate focuses on 24 hours up to 72 hours . This is a critical linkage during targeting execution . ) Dynamic targeting is normally employed in current operations planning because the nature and time frame associated with current operations ( usually the current 24 - hour period ) typically requires more immediate responsiveness compared to deliberate targeting . Technologically advanced countries can generally select their targets in such a way as to minimize collateral damage and civilian casualties . This can fall by the wayside , however , during unrestricted warfare . Targeting may also refer to the targeting of the actual objective to be destroyed by military personnel , such as " painting " a target with a laser for laser guided munitions , estimating range for artillery , etc . A target is an entity ( person , place , or thing ) considered for possible engagement or action to alter or neutralize the function it performs for the adversary . Every target has distinct intrinsic or acquired characteristics that form the basis for target detection , location , identification , and classification for ongoing and future surveillance , analysis , engagement , and assessment . Physical , functional , cognitive , environmental , and temporal are broad categories that help define the characteristics of a target . The joint targeting cycle is a six phase iterative process : Phase 1 - End state and commander ’ s objectives , Phase 2 - Target development and prioritization , Phase 3 - Capabilities analysis , Phase 4 - Commander ’ s decision and force assignment , Phase 5 - Mission planning and force execution , Phase 6 - Assessment .