naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Sonia Steinman Gold Sonia Steinman Gold has been alleged to be part of the Silvermaster spy ring in Washington D . C . , spying for the Soviet Union during World War II . Biography . Prior to World War II she worked for the U . S . House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration and in the United States Bureau of Employment Security . Sonia Gold received an appointment after Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Harry Dexter White was asked by the Communist Party USA underground secret apparatus to place her within his office . The appointment within the Treasury Department Division of Monetary Research was to help facilitate the transmission of stolen documents to the Soviet Union . Much of the information dealt with the Treasury Departments ' s views and recommendations about applications for loans made by the Chinese and French governments . There was also political information regarding Charles de Gaulle , leader of the French National Committee ( Comité National Français ) . Her office was one block from the White House . Gold was the wife of Bela Gold . She left the Treasury Department in late 1944 on maternity leave . Sonia Gold ' s code name in Soviet intelligence according to the Venona project was " Zhenya " .
Countries without a Military This is a list of countries without armed forces . The term " country " is used in the sense of independent state ; thus , it applies only to sovereign states and not dependencies ( i . e . , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands , Bermuda ) , whose defense is the responsibility of another country or an army alternative . The term " armed forces " refers to any government - sponsored defense used to further the domestic and foreign policies of their respective government . Some of the countries listed , such as Iceland and Monaco , have no armies , but still have a non - police military force . Many of the 21 countries listed here typically have had a long - standing agreement with a former occupying country ; one example is the agreement between Monaco and France , which has existed for at least 300 years . The Marshall Islands , Federated States of Micronesia ( FSM ) , and Palau have no say in their respective country ' s defense matters , and have little say in international relations . For example , when the FSM negotiated a defensive agreement with the United States , it did so from a weak position because it had grown heavily dependent on American assistance . Andorra has a small army , and can request defensive aid if necessary , while Iceland had a unique agreement with the United States that lasted until 2006 , which required them to provide defense to Iceland when needed . The remaining countries are responsible for their own defense , and operate either without any armed forces , or with limited armed forces . Some of the countries , such as Costa Rica , Dominica , and Grenada , underwent a process of demilitarization . Other countries were formed without armed forces , such as Andorra over 700 years ago ; the primary reason being that they were , or still are , under protection from another nation at their point of independence . All of the countries on this list are considered to be in a situation of " non - militarization . " Japan is not included in this list because , while the country may officially have no military according to its constitution , it does have the Japan Self - Defense Forces , a military force only used outside Japan for peacekeeping missions . Demilitarized countries . Some countries , having experienced multiple coups , have disbanded and banned their armed forces . However , some of the duties previously performed by the armed forces are now performed by divisions of a police force or National Guard . These countries include Dominica , Panama and Grenada . In some cases this leads to the actual existence of a military force , despite the use of an alternative name for the unit . Haiti demobilized its military but it exists on paper , as it has not been banned . Compact of free association . Some countries and territories on this list rely on the U . S . for defense . They are Federated States of Micronesia , Republic of the Marshall Islands , and Republic of Palau . They do this due to their status as associated states , receiving other special treatments as well .
1º Batalhão de Forcas Especiais 1º Batalhão de Forças Especiais ( 1st Special Forces Battalion ) is one of two counter - terrorism ( CT ) units in the Brazilian Armed Forces ( the other being Projeto Talon ) . The Battalion ' s mission is similar to that of the US Ranger units ; however , because they have the CT mission , they have modified their organization to more closely follow Britain ' s Special Air Service and American ' s Delta Force . The SF Battalion falls within the Army ' s Special Operations Brigade and is located in Goiânia , state of Goiás . The Battalion was given its counter - terrorism mission in the mid - 1980s , following expansion to create the 1st SF Battalion . Unit strength is approximately 200 men , divided into platoons . The battalion is capable of conducting its missions independently from or in conjunction with conventional forces . Battalion troops are trained in jungle warfare at the Army ' s CIGS jungle warfare school and in amphibious , mountain warfare , airborne , airmobile and HAHO / HALO operations . They are also prepared for long - range reconnaissance in addition to their CT operations .
26 July 2007 Baghdad market bombing The 26 July 2007 Baghdad market bombing were a truck bomb and rocket attack on a market in the Karada district of Baghdad , the capital city of Iraq , on 26 July 2007 , killing almost 100 people . It was first reported that 25 people were only killed and 100 wounded . However , less than a week later the names of 92 dead and 127 wounded were posted on a list taped to a shuttered storefront ; it was compiled by the rescue workers . Many Iraqis saw the discrepancy as an attempt by the Iraqi government to cover up the number of Iraqis being killed in the capital .
USS Manistee ( YTB - 782 ) USS " Manistee " ( YTB ‑ 782 ) is a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Manistee , Michigan . She is the second tug to bear the name . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Manistee " was awarded 14 January 1965 . She was laid down on 9 August 1965 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 20 October 1965 . Operational history . On 23 November 1965 , " Manistee " , in company with another newly constructed tug , , departed the builder ' s yard for delivery to the Naval Station San Diego , California , where she was placed in service in June . " Manistee " , fitted with special fenders to allow work with the Navy ' s newer round - hulled nuclear power submarines , remained in the 11th Naval District , assisting larger Navy ships in docking and performing general towing services into the 1990s . Sometime before 1999 , " Manistee " was transferred to Naval Station Yokosuka , Japan where she remains in active status .
United States Army Medical Department Museum The U . S . Army Medical Department Museum — or AMEDD Museum — at Fort Sam Houston , San Antonio , Texas , originated as part of the Army ' s Field Service School at Carlisle Barracks , Pennsylvania . It moved to Fort Sam Houston in 1946 . It is currently a component of the U . S . Army Medical Department Center and School . The museum features the history of the Army Medical Department from 1775 to the present , as well as medical contributions of the Army during times of peace and war . General areas covered are significant historical events , scientific and technological advances , development of the medical field service and contributions of key officers and enlisted personnel . Audio - visual presentations introduce the history of the Department . Two large galleries house the medical equipment , uniforms , medal s , insignia and artwork that make up the museum ' s exhibits . Museum holdings include material on medical personnel , POWs in World War II ' s Pacific Theater , unit insignia and archival documents and photographs . The museum has been chosen to preserve historic artifacts from Navy Hospital Corps School Great Lakes . BRAC 2005 resulted in transferred of Corps School from Chicago to the Medical Education and Training Campus ( METC ) , also located on Fort Sam Houston . Exhibits . Specific displays of interest include : Outside the museum are examples of medical vehicles including ambulances and a fully equipped hospital train ambulance car . A Medical Combat Memorial honors the Army ' s combat medics .
William Rennie Lieutenant - Colonel William Rennie VC ( 1 November 1821 – 22 August 1896 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Rennie was 34 years old , and a lieutenant and adjutant in the 90th Regiment of Foot ( later The Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place at the siege of Lucknow for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . Lieutenant Rennie was promoted to captain on 9 January 1863 , major 10 December 1873 , lieutenant - colonel 28 March 1874 and retired in 1875 . He died at Elgin in August 1896 , aged 75 years . His headstone is at Elgin Cemetery ( Lair H - 96 ) , Moray , Scotland . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Cameronians Regimental Museum , Hamilton , Lanarkshire , Scotland . The museum had bought the medal in January 1969 for the then record value of £1700 .
Royalton Raid The Royalton Raid was a British - led Indian raid in 1780 against various towns along the White River Valley in the Vermont Republic , and was part of the American Revolutionary War . It was the last major Indian raid in New England . Raids . In the early morning hours of October 16 , 1780 , Lieutenant Houghton of the British Army ' s 53rd Regiment of Foot and a single Grenadier , along with 300 Mohawk warriors from the Kahnawake Reserve in the British province of Quebec , attacked and burned the towns of Royalton , Sharon and Tunbridge along the White River in eastern Vermont . This raid was launched in conjunction with other raids led by Major Christopher Carleton of the 29th Regiment of Foot along the shores of Lake Champlain and Lake George and Sir John Johnson of the King ' s Royal Regiment of New York in the Mohawk River valley . Four Vermont settlers were killed and twenty six were taken prisoner to Quebec . By the time the local militia could assemble , Houghton and his command were already on their way back north . The militia caught up with the raiders near Randolph , Vermont , and a few volleys were fired back and forth , but when Houghton said that the remaining captives might be killed by the Mohawks if fighting continued , the local militia let the raiders slip away . A plaque at the East Randolph cemetery marks the site of this event . The Hannah Handy monument , on the South Royalton town green , is a granite arch honoring a young mother who lost her young son in the raid , crossed the river , and successfully begged for the return of several children . With the assistance of one of the Mohawk , she caught up with the British and Mohawk party and pleaded with Lieutenant Houghton to release the young boys now being held by the Indians , partly appealing as a mother of one of the captives and partly by arguing that they wouldn ' t survive the trip to Canada and stating that their deaths would on his hands . The British leader ordered the boys released to the woman for safe return to their families .
USS John C . Calhoun ( SSBN - 630 ) USS " John C . Calhoun " ( SSBN - 630 ) , a fleet ballistic missile submarine , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John C . Calhoun ( 1782 – 1850 ) , the distinguished legislator and statesman . Construction and commissioning . The contract to build " John C . Calhoun " was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News , Virginia , on 20 July 1961 and her keel was laid down there on 4 June 1962 . She was launched on 22 June 1963 sponsored by Miss Rosalie J . Calhoun , and commissioned on 15 September 1964 , with Commander Deane L . Axene in command of the Blue Crew and Commander Frank A . Thurtell in command of the Gold Crew . Operational history . After shakedown and training along the United States East Coast , " John C . Calhoun " began operational deterrent patrols on 22 March 1965 , assigned to Submarine Squadron 18 . From 1979 - 1982 , " John C . Calhoun " received upgrades necessary to enable her to carry the new Trident I ballistic missiles . Decommissioning and disposal . " John C . Calhoun " was decommissioned on 28 March 1994 at Bremerton , Washington , and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day . Her scrapping via the Nuclear - Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Bremerton , Washington , was completed on 18 November 1994 .
598th Bombardment Squadron The 598th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 397th Bombardment Group . It was last stationed at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey , and was inactivated on 22 December 1945 . History . Established in early 1943 as a B - 26 Marauder medium bomber group . Initially was an Operational Training Unit under Third Air Force in the southeastern United States . Realigned as an operational squadron and deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , and assigned to Ninth Air Force in England in early 1944 . Engaged in tactical bombardment of enemy targets in France and the Low Countries in the spring of 1944 , also participated in the extensive bombardment of the D - Day invasion area in preparation for the Operation Overlord landings in France . After D - Day , moved from England to Advanced Landing Ground s in France , providing tactical bombardment of enemy strong points as well as bridges , railroads and other targets in support of Allied ground forces during the Northern France Campaign . Supported the Western Allied invasion of Germany during the spring of 1945 , continuing combat operations against enemy targets in Germany until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Squadron demobilized in France during the summer of 1945 , returning personnel and equipment to the United States . Inactivated as a paper unit during December 1945 .
Tuileries British Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Tuileries British Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located near Ypres ( now " Ieper " ) in Belgium on the Western Front . The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war . Foundation . This cemetery ' s name means " tile factory " , as it was begun in the grounds of a tile works in 1915 . The chimneys of the tile works were very visible and provided a means for the opposing side to calibrate their shells . This led to the cemetery itself being heavily shelled and the sites of most of the original graves were lost . Most of the gravestones are positioned around the edges of the otherwise empty - looking cemetery , and are marked " known to be buried in this cemetery " , with the default additional phrase " Their glory shall not be blotted out " , a line suggested by Rudyard Kipling .
Quiet Electric Drive Quiet Electric Drive ( QED ) - sometimes called by the misnomer Quiet Electronic Drive - is an ONR - sponsored program to develop technologies for silent maritime propulsion for the United States Navy . According to the ONR , QED ' s role is to " address the Navy ' s operational gaps in surface ship and submarine maneuverability and acoustic signature . Quiet Electric Drives , or QEDs , are quiet , efficient and power dense . The primary objective of QED is demonstrating the utility of the motor as an actuator to obtain signature reduction performance while increasing tactical speed and maneuverability " . Its existence is known particularly via a 2005 court case in which four ethnic Chinese suspects have been accused of attempting to smuggle data from a U . S . defense contractor . An FBI affidavit stated QED to be " an extremely sensitive project . . . considered by the Navy to be significant military equipment and therefore banned for export to countries specifically denied by the U . S . State Department , including the PRC ( China ) " . This classified information has been transferred by Chi Mak a naturalized Chinese citizen of the US to the PRC via espionage . See also . Magnetohydrodynamic drive
Charles Gidding Charles Gidding or Giddings ( born 1853 , date of death unknown ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Biography . Born in 1853 in Bangor , Maine , Gidding joined the Navy from that state . By July 26 , 1876 , he was serving as a seaman on the . On that day , while " Plymouth " was at the Brooklyn Navy Yard , Gidding and another sailor , Landsman William Corey , attempted to rescue a crewmate who had fallen from the ship ' s rigging into the water . For this action , both men were awarded the Medal of Honor two weeks later , on August 9 . Another of " Plymouth " ' s crew , Seaman Thomas Kersey , rescued a shipmate from drowning on the same day and also received the medal . Gidding ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Serving on board the U . S . S . " Plymouth " , Gidding showed heroic conduct in trying to save the life of one of the crew of that ship , who had fallen overboard from aloft at the Navy Yard , New York , 26 July 1876 . Nothing is known of him after he deserted from the Navy in September 1876 . See also . List of Medal of Honor recipients during peacetime
War of 1812 Bicentennial The War of 1812 Bicentennial is a series of planned events to commemorate the War of 1812 in Canada and the United States during the war ' s bicentenary , 2012 - 2015 . Included here is a list of planned commemorations and organizations . Canada . The Canadian Government is marking the bi - centennial as a national event United States . Currently the U . S . Government has no formal organization or committee to coordinate commemorations of the War of 1812 ; the War of 1812 Bicentennial Commission Act failed to pass Congress in 2006 . New York . In 2011 , New York state Gov . Andrew Cuomo vetoed a bill to establish a formal War Of 1812 Bicentennial Commission . Previous versions of the bill were vetoed repeatedly by Gov . David Paterson in 2009 and 2010 .
Type system of the Royal Navy The Type system is a classification system used by the British Royal Navy to classify surface escorts by function . The system evolved in the early 1950s , when the Royal Navy was experimenting with building single - purpose escort vessels with specific roles in light of experience gained in World War II . The following Type numbers are known to have been used , or proposed ;
Arc de Berà The Arc de Berà ( sometimes written Barà ) is a triumphal arch some 20 km north - east of the city of Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain , close to Roda de Barà . This monument is part of the Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco , which was added to the UNESCO ' s list of World Heritage Sites in 2000 . It stands on the line of what was the Via Augusta , now the N - 340 road . Its name derives from the count Berà . It is a triumphal arch with a single opening consisting of a central body on a podium , decorated with fluted pilasters crowned by Corinthian capitals . The upper part of the construction is an entablature made up of architrave , frieze and cornice . The stone used is probably from a local quarry . The monument was built as a result of the will of Lucius Licinius Sura and it was erected in the reign of Augustus , around 13 BCE . The surviving inscription reads : “ Ex testamento L ( uci ) Licini L ( uci ) f ( ilii ) Serg ( ia tribu ) Surae consa [ . . . ] ” . It is thought it was dedicated to Augustus or to his genius , and that it marked the limit of the district of Tarraco .
245th Motor Rifle Division The 245th Motor Rifle Division was a division of the Soviet Army and later the Russian Ground Forces , active from 1967 to 1997 and later from 2001 to 2006 . On 31 August 1967 in the city of Kursk the 245th Motor Rifle Division was formed . The division consisted of the 39th , 153rd , and 376th Motor Rifle Regiments , the 507th Tank Regiment , the 820th Artillery Regiment , and an anti - aircraft rocket regiment of unknown designation which had fought in the Second World War . From 1971 the Division was deployed at Gusinoozyorsk ( Гусиноозёрск ) in Buryatia , as part of the Siberian Military District . To replace the 245th Motor Rifle Division at Kursk , the 196th Motor Rifle Division ( Military Unit Number 52299 , including the 595th MRR ) was formed . On 1 December 1987 the 196th MRD became a territorial training centre ( ТУЦ ) , and then on 25 January 1989 the centre was disbanded . The 255th ' Spare ' MRD also existed in outline form under the 196th MRD . The division was a part of the 29th Army , then the 57th Army Corps , and since 2003 a part of the 29th Army again . When the 205th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade of the North Caucasus Military District was formed , one of its battalions was formed on the basis of the 245th MRD , having absorbed personnel from all over the Transbaikal Military District . On 1 September 1997 , as part of the bilateral agreement between Russia and China on reductions of armaments covering the area up to 200 km from their mutual border , the 245th MRD was reduced to the 6803rd Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment ( VKhVT ) , codenamed army unit 46108 . The 245th MRD was reformed from 6803rd VKhVT in 2001 , and given the ' Combat Banner ' of the disbanded 2nd Guards ' Tatsin ' Tank Division . The reformed division included the 39th and 376th Motor Rifle Regiments and the 507th Tank Regiment . The 363rd Motor Rifle Regiment joined the 122nd Guards Motor Rifle Division in the city of Aleysk , and the 376th Guards Motor Rifle Yassy - Mukden Order of the Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment joined the division from the 122nd Guards MRD . In 2004 160th Guards Tank Regiment joined the division from the 5th Guards Tank Division , and the 507th Tank Regiment joined 5 GTD in its place . By 1 February 2006 245th Guards Motor Rifle Division was reorganised as 6th Guards ' Tatsinsk ' ( Тацинская ) Order of the Red Banner Order of Suvorov Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment ( Motor - Rifle forces ) .