naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation New Market After the handover of sovereignty , Operation New Market was a sweep of an area near Haditha in western Iraq conducted by one thousand coalition and Iraqi Security Forces to rid the Euphrates river bank of anti - coalition forces . It was launched on 24 May 2005 and followed Operation Squeeze Play . New Market was followed by Operation Lightning . The operation was named after the famous US Civil War battle at New Market , VA where cadets from the Virginia Military Institute fought and some perished . Operation New Market was conducted by the 3d Battalion , 25th Marines while attached to Regimental Combat Team 2 . RCT - 2 was headquartered in Al Asad . 3 / 25 was headquartered in the Haditha Dam . The City of Haditha is about 10 miles south of the dam . Scheme of Maneuver : Company L approached from the west via amphibious tractors while Company K did a helo insert on the east side of the Euphrates River . Weapons Company screened to the east and west while 1st and 2nd Platoons , Company A , 1st Tank Battalion screened to the north and south of the city . Lima swept eastward into the city and then to the north while Kilo crossed the Euphrates , cleared the island , and then continued across the Euphrates into Haditha City and then south . Battalion headquarters was located at a technical school on the west side of the city . The operation had two controversies about names . The name of the operation was criticized by some for its association with the US Civil War . The other controversy was created by a photo of one of the tanks which was named " The New Testament . " This was used by some parties including Michael Moore to claim that the US was religiously motivated and was conducting a crusade while in Iraq . The tank was renamed shortly after the operation .
Lord Alexander Thynne Lord Alexander George Boteville Thynne DSO MP ( 17 February 1873 – 16 September 1918 ) , was a British soldier and Conservative politician . Thynne was the third and youngest son of John Thynne , 4th Marquess of Bath , and his wife Frances Isabella Catherine ( née Vesey ) . He was commissioned in the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry and was later a temporary Lieutenant - Colonel in the Service Battalion of the Wiltshire Regiment and served in the Second Boer War and in the Somaliland campaign of 1903 to 1904 . In the January 1910 general election he was elected to the House of Commons as one of two representatives for Bath . During the First World War Thynne was twice wounded in the Battle of the Somme in 1916 and awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Croix de Guerre . He was killed in action in France on 14 September 1918 , aged 45 , and was buried at Béthune Town Cemetery . He never married .
Battle on Pyana River The Battle on Pyana River took place on August 2 , 1377 between the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha ( Arab - Shah Muzaffar ) and joint Russian troops under Knyaz Ivan Dmitriyevich , made up of the Pereyaslavl , Yaroslavl , Yuryev , Nizhny Novgorod and Murom warlords . The joint Russian army , being drunken , was almost entirely routed by small forces of Arapsha , while Ivan Dmitriyevich had drowned together with druzhina and staff . The river ' s name Pyana , translated as " drunken " from Russian , is derived from those events . The corresponding events are further recorded in the medieval Russian " Chronicle On The Slaughter at Pyana River " . Background . In 1377 Moscow became aware of Arapsha and Knyaz Dmitry draw an army to recover his father - in - law Dmitri of Nizhny Novgorod . However nothing had happened and the troops returned to Moscow . Young knyaz Ivan Dmitriyevich , who assumed the joint command , moved the troops to River Pyana . The voyevoda s learned that Arapsh was still far away , on the river Volchyi Vody , a tributary of Don . Because of hot weather , the awaiting Russian warriors began wandering around and consuming alcoholic beverages like mead , ale , beer and the so - called Mordva pure , which the troops of Suzdal prince drank while waiting in the local villages for the battle to begin . The battle . By the time the Russian troops were intoxicated , Arapsha , drawn by Mordva nobles , had sensibly arrived and divided his troops into five units . On August 2 , he unexpectedly attacked the Russian forces from all sides . Unable to fight , the Russians retreated to Pyana . Ivan Dmitriyevich had drowned together with numerous servants and warriors while crossing the river . The rest were slain by enemy troops . The aftermath was catastrophic . The Tatars under Arapsha were then able to reach Niznhy Novgorod , prompting the evacuation of residents by boats , while Dmitry of Suzdal evacuated to Suzdal . The town itself was sacked .
German submarine U - 574 German submarine " U - 574 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out one patrol and sank one warship of 1 , 190 tons . She was a member of two wolfpack s . She was sunk west of Portugal , in December 1941 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 15 June 1940 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 550 , launched on 12 April 1941 and commissioned on 12 June under the command of " Oberleutnant " Dietrich Gengelbach . She served with the 1st U - boat Flotilla from 12 June 1941 for training and stayed with that organization for operations until her loss , from 1 November 1941 to 19 December . Operational career . Patrol and loss . The boat departed Kiel on 8 November 1941 , moved through the North Sea , negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and entered the Atlantic Ocean . She was sunk near Punta Delgada by depth charge s and ramming by the British sloop HMS " Stork " . The boat was scuttled ; the captain refused to leave the submarine and went down with her . Twenty - eight men died ; there were 16 survivors .
Diego López IV de Haro Diego López IV de Haro ( b . ? – d . 1289 ) was a Spanish noble and the Lord of Biscay from 1288 to his death in 1289 . Family Origins . A member of the House of Haro , Diego López was the son of Lope Díaz III de Haro , from whom he inherited the title of Lord of Biscay , and his wife , Juana Alfonso de Molina , daughter of the infante Alfonso of Molina and granddaughter of King Alfonso IX of León . Her maternal grandfather was Gonzalo Núñez de Lara , señor of Belorado . Biography . With the death of his father a period of conflict started between the territories of Biscay and Castile . Diego López joined the side of Navarre and Aragon supporting the pretender to the throne Alfonso de la Cerda in the larger conflict to fight against Sancho IV of Castile . The war went poorly for Diego ' s side as the forces of Sancho IV began taking large swaths of territory , including the towns of Labastida , Orduña - Urduña , and Balmaseda . After a protracted conflict , Sancho IV was able to occupy Biscay . Don Diego López died without descendants in 1289 without leaving behind any heirs . As a result , there were a series of disputes as to the succession of the lordship title which eventually passed to María II Díaz de Haro .
Candace of Meroë Candace of Meroë is a legendary queen of the Kingdom of Kush , with capital in Meroë . The legend says that she defeated Alexander the Great when he tried to conquer territories South of Egypt . References to this warrior queen are among the earliest made to the Nubian Kentakes . The name " Candace " is actually a form of the title " Kentake " ( " Queen " ) , and not the actual name of a person . Legend . According to legend , a person called " Candace of Meroë " was the queen of Nubia at the time of the conquests of Alexander the Great . Alexander allegedly encountered her when he invaded Nubia . In fact , Alexander never attacked Nubia , and never attempted to move further south than the oasis of Siwa in Egypt . The story is that when Alexander attempted to conquer her lands in 332 BC , she arranged her armies strategically to meet him and was present on a war elephant when he approached . Having assessed the strength of her armies , Alexander decided to withdraw from Nubia , heading to Egypt instead . Another story claims that Alexander and Candace had a romantic encounter . These accounts originate from " The Alexander Romance " by an unknown writer called Pseudo - Callisthenes , and the work is largely a fictionalized and grandiose account of Alexander ' s life . It is commonly quoted , but there seems to be no historical reference to this event from Alexander ' s time . The whole story of Alexander and Candace ' s encounter appears to be legendary .
Matilda I ( tank ) The Tank , Infantry , Mk I , Matilda I ( A11 ) was a British infantry tank of the Second World War . It is not to be confused with the later model Tank , Infantry Mk II ( A12 ) , also known as the " Matilda II " which took over the " Matilda " name after the early part of the war when the first Matilda was withdrawn from combat service . They were of totally different design and did not share components , but did have some similar traits because they were both designed to be infantry tank s , a type of tank that tended to sacrifice speed for increased armour protection . Development history . The development , by Vickers - Armstrongs Ltd , began in 1935 . It resulted in a small two - man vehicle with a low hull and a small cast turret in which its only weapon , a Vickers machine gun , was mounted . Designed for quick delivery , the A11 used many stock parts from other vehicles : a Ford V8 engine , a Fordson gearbox , a steering mechanism similar to the one used in Vickers light tanks , and suspension adapted from the Mk IV Dragon artillery tractor that was based on the Vickers 6 - Ton Tank Model E . Although the hull and turret were well protected against contemporary anti - tank weapons , the tracks and running gear were completely exposed and more vulnerable than on tanks that had protected tracks . In addition , the lack of a cannon severely limited its utility on the battlefield . The machine gun was either a . 303 or . 50 inch calibre Vickers machine gun . General Hugh Elles , the Master - General of the Ordnance , gave the tank the name Matilda " due to the vehicle ' s diminutive size and duck - like shape and gait . " Production history . The first order of 60 Matilda tanks was placed in April 1937 , and the tank remained in production until August 1940 . One hundred and forty were produced , some of them with the heavier . 50 inch Vickers machine gun instead of the . 303 inch Vickers machine gun . Combat history . The Matilda I ( 55 ) and Matilda II tanks fought together in France as part of the 1st Army Tank Brigade of the British Expeditionary Force in the Battle of France . They participated in the defence and counter - attack operation at Arras against the invasion by Nazi Germany in May 1940 , temporarily discomfiting the 7th Panzer Division under Rommel . When the BEF returned to the United Kingdom , nearly all their armour was left behind . Matilda Mk Is left in the United Kingdom were withdrawn for training purposes . Survivors . Three tanks are preserved at the Bovington Tank Museum . One ( T - 3447 ) is in running condition , one is on display in the museum and the third is a severely damaged wreck that was used as a gunnery range target .
Ferris Jacobs , Jr . Ferris Jacobs , Jr . ( March 20 , 1836 – August 30 , 1886 ) was a United States Representative from New York . Biography . Born in Delhi , Delaware County , N . Y . , attended Delaware Academy , Delhi , N . Y . , and Delaware Literary Institute , Franklin , N . Y . ; was graduated from Williams College , Williamstown , Massachusetts , in 1856 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice in Delhi ; during the American Civil War served in the Union Army ; commissioned captain of the Third New York Cavalry August 26 , 1861 ; lieutenant colonel of the Twenty - sixth New York Cavalry March 15 , 1865 ; brevetted brigadier general of Volunteers March 13 , 1865 ; resumed law practice in Delhi , N . Y . ; elected district attorney in 1865 and 1866 ; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880 ; elected as a Republican to the Forty - seventh Congress ( March 4 , 1881 – March 3 , 1883 ) ; was not a candidate for renomination in 1882 ; resumed the practice of law ; died in White Plains , N . Y . , interment in Woodland Cemetery , Delhi , N . Y .
John H . Conyers John Henry Conyers of South Carolina was the first black admitted to the United States Naval Academy on 21 September 1872 . Conyers was nominated by South Carolina congressman Robert B . Elliott . After his arrival , he was shunned and constantly and brutally harassed . This included severe , ongoing hazing , including verbal torment , and beatings . His classmates even attempted to drown him . In the fall of 1872 , Conyers was marching when he was kicked and punched by several other Cadets , among them the Academy ' s boxing champion George Goodfellow . News of the incident and the constant hazing experienced by Conyers leaked to the newspapers , and a three - man board was convened to investigate the attacks . Goodfellow denied any wrong doing and Conyers claimed he could not identify any of his attackers . The board nonetheless concluded that " His persecutors are left then without any excuse or palliation except the inadmissible one of prejudice . " To give Croyden a fair chance at succeeding on his own merits , they believed strong measures should be taken . In the end Goodfellow and two others were dismissed from the Academy . The abuse continued in more subtle forms however , and Conyers finally resigned in October 1873 .
War tuba The Japanese war tuba ( Known in Japanese as : 九〇式大空中聴音機 , " Large air sound detector ninety formula " ) is a colloquial name sometimes applied to Imperial Japanese Army acoustic locator s due to the visual resemblance to the musical tuba . The name derived from a misidentification , possibly in jest , of a historical photo from the 1930s featuring the Japanese emperor Shōwa inspecting the acoustic locators with anti - aircraft guns in the background . Acoustic location . Acoustic location devices were used by military services from mid - World War I to the early years of World War II for the passive detection of approaching enemy aircraft by listening for the noise of their engines . These typically consisted of large acoustic horn s attached to stethoscope - type earphones worn by monitors . This technology was rendered obsolete before and during World War II by the introduction of radar , which was far more effective . Some examples of parabolic concrete acoustic location mirrors can still be found on the seacoast of Britain to this day . In popular culture . " Japanese War Tuba " is the name of a song by EAOD ( Everything Absent or Distorted ) from their album " The Great Collapse "
Joseph W . Ashy General Joseph William Ashy , USAF ( born October 16 , 1940 ) was commander in chief of North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Space Command , and commander of Air Force Space Command , headquartered at Peterson Air Force Base , Colorado . As commander of NORAD , General Ashy was responsible for the air sovereignty of the United States and Canada , as well as for providing tactical warning and attack assessment . As USCINCSPACE , he commanded the unified command responsible for directing space control and support operations including theater missile defense . As COMAFSPC , he directed satellite control , warning , space launch and ballistic missile operations missions through a worldwide network of support facilities and bases . Ashy entered the Air Force in 1962 as a distinguished graduate of Texas A & M University . He has commanded two fighter wings , the U . S . Air Force Tactical Fighter Weapons Center , Nellis Air Force Base , Nevada ; and Air Training Command . He also commanded NATO ' s Allied Air Forces Southern Europe and 16th Air Force . As the air component commander to CINCSOUTH , he commanded NATO air forces in the Mediterranean area and directed the air operation over Bosnia . He was a command pilot with more than 3 , 500 flying hours in fighter and attack aircraft , including 289 combat missions in Vietnam . He holds a Master ' s degree in Public Administration from Auburn University . He retired on October 1 , 1996 .
Kosmos 2440 Kosmos 2440 ( meaning " Cosmos 2440 " ) is a Russia n US - KMO missile early warning satellite which was launched in 2008 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using infrared telescope s . It spent its two year operational life at 80E giving early warning coverage of Russia , China , North Korea , the Middle East and some of Europe . Kosmos 2440 was launched from Site 81 / 24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - K carrier rocket with a DM - 2 upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 23 : 59 UTC on 26 June 2008 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into geostationary orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2008 - 033A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 33108 . When the satellite was launched US - KMO satellite Kosmos 2379 was also operational although this failed late 2009 / early 2010 after an 8 year life . Kosmos 2440 itself started drifting off station in February 2010 giving an operational life of less than two years . Kosmos 2440 was replaced by Kosmos 2479 which was launched in March 2012 .
Sybil Sassoon Sybil Rachel Betty Cecile Sassoon , Marchioness of Cholmondeley , CBE ( 30 January 1894 , London – 26 December 1989 , Cheshire ) was Chief Staff Officer to Director WRNS , WRNS HQ , Admiralty ( HMS Pembroke III ) from 12 November 1939 until 1946 . On 9 February 1945 she was appointed as Supt . of the Women ' s Royal Naval Service ( WRNS ) and the following year was made CBE . She belonged to the prominent Sassoon and Rothschild families . Family . Married on 6 August 1913 to George Cholmondeley , 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley ( 19 May 1883 – 16 September 1968 ) ; they had two sons and one daughter : The Sybil Sassoon gardens at Houghton were opened to the public in 1996 . Lady Sybil ' s grandson , the current marquess , developed the gardens in honour of his grandmother . In 2008 , the garden was named Historic Houses Association and Christie ' s Garden of the Year . In the area called " the pool garden " , the entwined initials " SS " are represented in the outlines of the clipped box - hedge which surrounds plantings of lavender and rosemary . Titles . She was identified by a number of changing titles during the several phases of her life :
National Guard Memorial Museum The National Guard Memorial Museum is a military museum hosted by the National Guard Educational Foundation . It is located in northwestern Washington , DC , near the National Postal Museum , Union Station and Georgetown University Law Center . Covering 5600 square feet , the Museum features six different thematic galleries all relating to the National Guard of the United States : The museum is a member of the United States Army Museum System .
Some Punkins Some Punkins was the name of a B - 29 Superfortress ( B - 29 - 36 - MO 44 - 27296 , Victor number 84 ) modified to carry the atomic bomb in World War II . Airplane history . Assigned to the 393d Bomb Squadron , 509th Composite Group , it was one of 15 Silverplate B - 29s used by the 509th , " Some Punkins " was built at the Glenn L . Martin Aircraft Plant at Omaha , Nebraska , as a Block 35 aircraft . It was one of 10 modified as a Silverplate and re - designated " Block 36 " . Delivered on March 19 , 1945 , to the USAAF , it was assigned to Crew B - 7 ( Capt . James N . Price , Jr . , aircraft commander ) and flown to Wendover Army Air Field , Utah . It left Wendover on June 8 , 1945 for Tinian and arrived at North Field , Tinian , on June 14 . It was originally assigned the Victor ( unit - assigned identification ) number 4 but on August 1 was given the large ' A ' tail markings of the 497th Bomb Group as a security measure and had its Victor changed to 84 to avoid misidentification with actual 497th BG aircraft . It was named " Some Punkins " and its nose art applied after the atomic bomb missions . While a number of sources attribute the name to a 1930 ' s comic strip , the nose art suggests a possible reference to the " pumpkin bomb " missions the 509th Composite Group flew as combat rehearsal for the atomic bomb operations . While on Tinian it was used on 13 training and practice missions and five combat missions to drop pumpkin bomb s on industrial targets on Toyama , Ōgaki , Shimoda , Yokkaichi , and Nagoya . " Some Punkins " was the only B - 29 of the 393d BS flown exclusively by its assigned crew on all operational missions , and is cited by Joseph Baugher as possibly dropping the last bomb of World War II in its attack on Nagoya on August 14 , 1945 . In November 1945 it returned with the 509th to Roswell Army Air Field , New Mexico . On March 1 , 1946 , while at Kirtland Army Air Field in preparation for assignment to Operation Crossroads , it was struck while parked by a taxiing B - 29 , incurring severe damage to its forward fuselage . The airplane was transferred to the 428th Base Unit at Kirtland in April 1946 and declared damaged beyond economical repair . In August it was deliberately set afire as part of firefighting training and totally destroyed . Other aircraft named " Some Punkins " . Two FB - 111A strategic bombers of the USAF 509th Bomb Wing , serials 68 - 0241 and 68 - 0246 , carried the name and original nose art of " Some Punkins " on their nosewheel doors while based at Pease Air Force Base , New Hampshire , in the 1970s and 1980s .