naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
921st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron The 921st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit . Its last known active period ended on 12 November 2011 at Moron Air Base , Spain . It was briefly active as a regular unit in 1960 , and in 1985 was consolidated with the 21st Reconnaissance Squadron . The squadron was first active as a photographic reconnaissance unit during World War II . It served in combat in the China Burma India Theater as part of the Fourteenth Air Force . After the war , the squadron served with the Air Force Reserve at Stewart AFB , New York from 1947 until 1949 . History . The squadron was first activated as the 21st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron in 1942 at Peterson Field , Colorado . It trained there until April , when it began its overseas movement . The squadron arrived in India in June and began deploying flight s to China the following month . It served as an umbrella organization for the Fourteenth Air Force in China . The squadron deployed detached flights of unarmed aircraft ( mostly specially equipped F - 5 Lightnings and F - 4 and F - 6 Mustangs ) , which flew combat aerial reconnaissance missions over Japanese - held territory from numerous forward airstrips . The squadron redeployed from China at the end of 1945 and was inactivated at Fort Lawton , Washington , at the beginning of 1946 . After the war , the squadron became an Air Force Reserve unit , serving under Continental Air Command ( ConAC ) . It was inactivated in 1949 when ConAC converted its reserve organizations to the wing base organizational model under the Hobson Plan . In May 1960 , the squadron was activated again , constituted as the 921st Air Refueling Squadron . It was one of two air refueling squadrons activated that year at Altus Air Force Base , Oklahoma , for movement to other bases to provide Boeing KC - 135 Stratotanker support to dispersed Boeing B - 52 Stratofortress bombers . Both squadrons were inactivated shortly after activation . The squadrons were consolidated in 1985 and were converted to provisional status sometime after this . In 2011 , it was deployed in support of Operation Unified Protector , serving at Moron Air Base , Spain , until December 2011 . The squadron was NATO ' s largest tanker squadron composed of Active Duty , Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command KC - 135 and KC - 10 aircrews . The squadron executed over 1 , 000 combat missions to enforce the United Nations No Fly Zone over Libya . Lineage . 21st Reconnaissance Squadron 921st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron
Hermann Künne Matrose Hermann Künne ( 12 December 1897 - 23 April 1918 ) was a German sailor killed during World War I . He was based at Zeebrugge as a crewman on the Torpedo boat " S53 " and died fighting British soldiers during the Zeebrugge Raid . He killed a senior British officer - probably Wing Commander Frank Arthur Brock - in hand to hand combat with a cutlass . He is buried in Zeebrugge . The World War II German destroyer " Z19 " was named " Hermann Künne " in his honour .
Field kitchen Field kitchen is a mobile kitchen , mobile canteens or food truck used primarily by military services to provide warm food to the troops near the frontline or in temporary encampments . Form . The first field kitchens were carried in four - wheeled wagons by military units on campaign throughout history . Indeed , this method of feeding a large travelling group of people was often used , such as on the Wagon Trail in late 19th Century America where the Chuckwagon was employed . By the 20th Century , smaller two - wheeled trailers , became common , especially with the invention of locomotive travel . Field Kitchens were often given affectionate nicknames . Karl Rudolf Fissler of Idar - Oberstein invented a mobile field kitchen in 1892 that the Germans came to refer to as a " Gulaschkanone " ( Goulash Cannons ) because the chimney of the stove resembled ordnance pieces when disassembled and limbered for towing . As technology has advanced larger trailers have evolved as horses were phased out in favour of motorized vehicles more capable of towing heavier loads . In WWII the mobile canteens was used as a morale booster in the United Kingdom , fitting in with the culture of the tea break and in particular as a result of the successful wartime experiment of the tea lady on productivity and morale . The larger mobile kitchens ( now commonly called " flying kitchens " because of the greater speed with which they can be deployed ) can service entire battalions of troops .
Battle of Almenar The Battle of Almenar took place on 27 July 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession , between the troops of Phillip V and the Archduke Charles . Philip V ' s army having been defeated was forced to evacuate Catalonia and regroup behind the Ebro . Prelude . In spring 1710 the Spanish army had entered Catalonia from Aragón crossing the Segre river on March 15 . On May 3 , Philip V , the Bourbon claimant to the throne , joined the army . The opposing allied army , consisting of Austrian , British , and Dutch troops , was joined by Archduke Charles of Austria , the Habsburg claimant , in June . In July General Guido Starhemberg received reinforcements and decided to attack . He crossed the Noguera river taking up positions on the heights of Almenar . Stanhope then crossed the Segre at Balaguer ( north of Lerida ) marching to the bridge of Alfarras , crossing it on 27 July . The battle . Villadarias opened the battle with a cavalry attack which was initially successful , but the initiative was wasted by pursuing groups of fleeing enemies . Then the British infantry attacked the left wing which fled , taking the second line with it . Then the Austrians attacked and destroyed the right wing , where Philip V risked his life fighting and was almost captured by the allies . Aftermath . The Spanish troops had to leave Catalonia and withdraw to Aragón , where the Battle of Saragossa took place on August 20 . Villadarias was relieved of his command and replaced by the Marquis de Bay .
Victor Franke Erich Victor Carl August Franke ( July 21 , 1865 – August 7 , 1936 ) was a German military officer and last commander of the " Schutztruppe " in German Southwest Africa . Franke was born in Zuckmantel , Austrian Silesia . He was " Bezirksamtmann " ( district officer ) in several locations in German Southwest Africa , especially Ovamboland and Kaokoveld . He was stationed at Outjo from 1899 until 1910 , and was involved in several campaigns against native tribes who resisted German colonial rule . In the early phases of the Herero Uprising of 1904 , he was dubbed " Hero of Omaruru " , because of his victory over numerically superior Herero forces at Omaruru . He also had successful campaigns against the Herero at Okahandja and Windhoek . At the beginning of World War I , he led a successful counter - attack against Portuguese forces at Naulila , Angola . On November 12 , 1914 , he became commander of the " Schutztruppe " after the death of Joachim von Heydebreck . He and 2 , 166 men surrendered to South African forces near Khorab on July 9 , 1915 . Five weeks later , South African troops controlled the entire German colony . In 1919 Franke left Southwest Africa , and in 1920 retired as a Major - General from the German army . Today at Omaruru stands the " Franke Tower " , a monument in testimony to his 1904 military exploits . Three kilometers outside of the town of Otavi on the Tsumeb Road is a memorial marking the German surrender at Khorab . Also , in the town of Outjo is the " Franke House Museum " .
Shite - hawk Shite - hawk ( also spelled shitehawk ) or shit - hawk or shitty hawk is a slang name applied to various birds of prey that exhibit scavenging behaviour , originally and primarily the Black Kite , although the term has also been applied to other birds such as the Herring Gull . It is also a slang derogatory term for an unpleasant person . Origin of the term . The term " shite - hawk " is believed to have originated as military slang by the British Army in India and Egypt , as a derogatory term for the Black Kite ( " Milvus migrans " ) , which is notorious for its coprophagous habits , and was despised by soldiers for its habit of stealing food from their plates : Eric Partridge , a noted expert on etymology and slang , claims that the term was used to refer to the vulture by the soldiers in the British Army in India during the period 1870 – 1947 , although the earliest recorded use of the term in print in the Oxford English Dictionary is 1944 . In recent years , in the United Kingdom , the term " shite - hawk " has also been applied to the Herring Gull ( " Larus argentatus " ) , which is known for its mobbing and scavenging behaviour . Referring to the Red Kite . Although " shite - hawk " originally referred to the Black Kite in India and elsewhere , and British naturalists Mark Cocker and Richard Mabey explicitly note that the " red kite never suffered the indignity of its relative ' s nickname " , in recent years , following the successful reintroduction of the Red Kite into the United Kingdom during the 1990s , the term has also started to be used for the Red Kite in Britain , apparently due to confusion between the two species of kite . Thus , in 1999 , Lord Burton announced in the House of Lords that " [ p ] ossibly one of the most highly protected birds today is the [ red ] kite , known by the British Army throughout the world as a shite - hawk " . In March 2011 , BBC Radio 4 broadcast a radio programme called " The Kestrel and Red Kite " , in which presenter Rod Liddle repeatedly asserted that the Red Kite ( " Milvus milvus " ) was historically known as the shite - hawk in England . However , he provided no evidence for this assertion , and the only other references to the Red Kite being called a shite - hawk in medieval times are very recent , for example a historical novel published in 2011 ( but set in 1513 ) , and in a poem written by Christopher Hodgson ( published 2005 ) : And in Medieval times , with waste piled publicly , Its habit of scavenging in sewage Earned it the sobriquet , " Shite hawk " — " Red Kite " by Christopher Hodgson Other uses . Military badges depicting birds of prey are also sometimes referred to as shite - hawks . Examples include the eagle badge on the sleeves of the 4th Indian Division of the British Indian Army , and the eagle on the left breast pocket of members of Pathfinder squadrons in the Royal Air Force . The term " shitehawk " has also been used as a derogatory term for an offensive or unpleasant person , equivalent to the word " shit " . For example , in 2009 , Kate Moss called her ex - boyfriend Pete Doherty a shitehawk .
Horace A . Bass Jr . Horace Ancel Bass Jr . ( 1915 – 1942 ) was a United States Navy officer and pilot who received the Navy Cross for his actions at the Battle of Midway in June 1942 . Biography . Bass was born in Roanoke , Virginia on 22 September 1915 , and enlisted in the U . S . Navy on 24 February 1941 . In May 1941 he was designated Aviation Cadet , and after aviation training was appointed ensign on 5 December 1941 . Ensign Bass underwent further flight training and reported to aircraft carrier USS " Saratoga " ( CV - 3 ) in early 1942 . Assigned to aircraft carrier USS " Yorktown " ( CV - 5 ) during the pivotal Battle of Midway , he flew as part of the combat air patrol on 4 June 1942 , and , although his plane was damaged , shot down an attacking Japan ese dive bomber and a fighter . For his important part in the battle Ensign Bass was awarded the Navy Cross . Assigned to Fighting Squadron 5 on board " Saratoga " , Bass again flew in the combat air patrol during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons of 23 – 25 August 1942 . As he and his fellow pilots protected " Saratoga " , Ensign Bass was shot down and reported missing in action . He was presumed dead on 24 August 1942 . Namesakes . The high - speed transport USS " Horace A . Bass " ( APD - 124 ) , later LPR - 124 , in service from 1944 until 1969 , was named for him . His widow served as sponsor at the ship ' s launch on 12 September 1944 .
Cyril Cooke Air Marshal Sir Cyril Bertram Cooke KCB CBE ( 28 June 1895 – 27 September 1972 ) was a senior Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief RAF Maintenance Command . RAF career . Cooke served with the Royal Artillery during World War I transferring to the Royal Flying Corps in 1915 . He was appointed Officer Commanding No . 188 Squadron in April 1918 on the formation of the Royal Air Force . He went on to be Officer Commanding No . 20 Squadron in 1924 , a Wing Commander at the No . 1 School of Technical Training in 1935 and Officer Commanding , No . 6 School of Technical Training in 1939 . He served in World War II as Chief Maintenance Officer at Headquarters RAF Middle East from February 1941 , as Air Officer Commanding No . 206 ( Maintenance ) Group from June 1941 and as Air Officer Commanding No . 4 School of Technical Training from December 1942 before becoming Director of Technical Training at the Air Ministry in June 1944 and Director of Maintenance and Supply at Rear Headquarters Mediterranean Allied Air Forces in December 1944 . He finished the War as Air Officer Commanding No . 43 Group . After the War he was appointed Director - General of Servicing and Maintenance at the Air Ministry and then Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief RAF Maintenance Command before retiring in 1949 . He took part in the National Shooting Competition at Bisley and was Chairman of the Royal Air Force ( County ) Football Association .
Wing Heli The Wing Heli was a helicopter wing in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . Mission . The mission of the Wing Heli is to intervene in order to provide aid to the nation , urgent humanitarian aid and armed support on the national territory , to evacuate Belgian nationals from areas of crisis and to participate in peacekeeping operations . Battle honours . The standard of the Wing Heli bears the following battle honour s : These battle honours were obtained by the 6th Reconnaissance Squadron ( ) during the First World War . This standard was presented to the Belgian Army Light Aviation by King Baudouin I on 17 May 1979 . On September 9 , 2010 , Wing Heli was disbanded and the standard was handed over to the Competence Centre Air . The A109BA ' s moved to Beauvechain to become 1st Wing .
St Thomas Tower St Thomas Tower is a fortification on the island of Malta . It stands above the shore on the seaward face of the headland of Il - Hamriga . The tower was built by the Knights of Malta in 1614 during the reign of Grand Master Fra Alof de Wignacourt , and is one of the set of Wignacourt towers . It is a substantial fortification intended to prevent the landing of troops in the sheltered anchorages of Marsascala Creek and St Thomas Bay . It was subsequently reinforced during the later tenure of the Knights of Malta by the addition of a battery on the seaward face . It has recently been substantially repaired . The battery has also been repaired , though in a somewhat strange style . Modern masonry has replaced the eroded stones of the battery , but only the still existent masonry has been replaced , turning the logical and very pragmatic layout of the battery ' s fortifications into a strange and arbitrary piece of abstract modern art . Thankfully the tower itself has been faithfully restored and is now in fine condition . The village of Marsaskala has expanded in recent years , entirely surrounding the tower with modern buildings . The tower now forms the centerpiece of an attractive plaza around the shoreward face of the tower . Unfortunately a large and modern hotel built on the headland seaward of the tower and battery is far less sympathetic to the tower environs , substantially screening the tower to seaward . Image gallery . Coordinates :
Secretary of Defense Medal for Valor The Office of the Secretary of the Defense Medal for Valor is the highest civilian award for valor presented by the Department of Defense . Created in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks , the medal recognizes government employees and private citizens who perform an act of heroism or sacrifice , with voluntary risk to their personal safety in the face of danger . Eligibility . The act of bravery is eligible for recognition if the act is : Appearance . The medal of the award is gold in color and 35 mm in diameter . The obverse depicts a five pointed star on top of a laurel wreath . At the top of the medal is inscribed " VALOR " . The reverse of the medal has a small laurel wreath under a rectangular plate for engraving the recipient ' s name . The words “ AWARDED TO ” are inscribed above and parallel to the name plate . Below the plate are the words “ FOR EXHIBITING BRAVERY ” . The medal is suspended from a ribbon 35 mm in width in ultramarine blue . On either side of the ribbon are two stripes of old glory red , inside the red are two thin stripes of white .
Gunshot A gunshot is the discharge of a firearm , producing a mechanical sound effect and a chemical gunshot residue . The term can also refer to a gunshot wound caused by such a discharge . Multiple discharges of a firearm or firearms are referred to as gunfire . The word can connote either the sound of a gun firing , the projectiles that were fired , or both . For example , the statement " gunfire came from the next street " could either mean the sound of discharge , or it could mean the bullets themselves . It is better to be a bit more specific while writing however . " The sound of gunfire " or " we came under gunfire " would be more descriptive and prevent confusion . In the latter phrase , in particular , " fire " is more commonly used ( i . e . " under fire " ) , as both words hold the same general meaning within the proper context . Gunfire characteristics . There are three primary attributes that characterize gunfire and hence enable the detection and location of gunfire and similar weapon discharges : Gunfire can be confused with other sounds that can sound similar , such as firework explosions and cars backfiring . Urban areas typically exhibit diurnal noise patterns where background noise is higher during the daytime and lower at night , where the noise floor directly correlated to urban activity ( e . g . , automobile traffic , airplane traffic , construction , and so on ) . During the day , when the noise floor is higher , a typical handgun muzzle blast may propagate as much as a mile . During the night , when the noise floor is lower , a typical handgun muzzle blast may propagate as much as 2 miles . An attachment commonly misnamed a silencer can be attached to the muzzle of a firearm to decrease the audio signature of firing the weapon . The sound of firing is only decreased and is still considerable . The FBI estimates that 1 % or fewer of crimes that involve gunfire are committed with silenced gunfire .
149th Battalion ( Lambtons ) , CEF The 149th Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Watford , Ontario , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Lambton County . After sailing to England in March 1917 , the battalion was absorbed into the 4th and 25th Reserve Battalions on April 8 , 1917 . The 149th Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . W . W . MacVicar . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Bushmaster M4 Type Carbine The M4 Type Carbine is a firearm manufactured by Bushmaster Firearms International , modeled on the AR - 15 platform . Overview . The M4 Type Carbine is a reproduction of the Colt M4 Carbine , but is usually only semi - automatic for legality within the U . S . civilian market . However , it can be ordered by military or law enforcement organizations with three - round burst or fully automatic capability . The rifle accepts both . 223 Remington and 5 . 56x45mm NATO cartridges , and the barrel is hard chrome lined in both the bore and chamber . Unlike the current Colt M4 Carbine which features a 4 - position telescopic stock , the Bushmaster has a 6 - position stock . It is compatible with most standard AR - 15 parts , and has the ability to accept all AR15 / M16 type STANAG magazine s . It is also one of many different AR - 15 rifles Bushmaster manufactures which they have trademarked as " XM - 15 " rifles . Bushmaster has also developed a 6 . 8 mm Remington SPC and a 7 . 62x39mm version of the rifle , simply named the 6 . 8mm SPC Rifle and the 7 . 62x39mm Carbine respectively , as well as a separate upper receiver kit that can be installed on any AR - 15 type lower receiver . All variants of the rifle are available in either M4A2 and M4A3 configurations ; the difference being the M4A3 has a removable carry handle allowing access to a Picatinny rail for mounting accessories . Similarly , the 6 . 8mm SPC Rifle is available as either the A2 or the A3 . The standard M4 Type Carbine features a permanently fixed " Izzy " flash suppressor attached to a barrel which brings the barrel to a total length of . Bushmaster also produces the Patrolman ' s Carbine variant which features the more common removable " bird cage " flash suppressor , attached to a barrel bringing the total barrel length to . Both of these comply with current U . S . federal law which states a minimum barrel for a rifle . There is also a military M4 Type Carbine which comes with a barrel and a removable " bird cage " flash suppressor . The 6 . 8mm SPC Rifle only comes with a barrel and a removable " Izzy " flash suppressor . An M4 Type Post - Ban Carbine was developed for the 1994 United States Federal Assault Weapons Ban requirements . Since the ban expired in 2004 , this rifle has essentially been replaced by the M4A2 and M4A3 . However , some states in the U . S . have kept these laws , so the rifle is still being produced . Military users . The M4 carbine ( or similar variants ) is currently in service with military and police organizations in over 60 nations around the world .
Georgian Air Force The Georgian Air Force ( , " sak ’ art ’ velos sahaero dzalebi " ) was an air arm of the Georgian Armed Forces from its establishment in 1992 until 2010 , when it was incorporated into the Georgian Land Forces . As of September 2009 , the Georgian Air Force had 2 , 971 military and civilian personnel . History . The Georgian Air Force and Air Defense Division was established on January 1 , 1992 . On August 18 , 1998 , the two divisions were unified in a joint command structure and renamed the Georgian Air Force . The first combat flight was conducted by Izani Tsertsvadze and Valeri Nakopia on September 19 , 1992 , during the separatist war in Abkhazia . This date was later designated as the Georgian Air Force Day . Relative to the Georgian ground forces , the air force was comparatively underfunded following Georgian independence . During the August 2008 war with Russia , Georgian aircraft were initially active , but were soon grounded by Russian air superiority . The Russians claimed at least 3 Su - 25 and 2 L - 29 destroyed . The Georgian Ministry of Defense reported 5 air force personnel were killed in action . In 2010 , the Georgian Air Force was reorganized . It was abolished as a separate branch and incorporated into the Georgian Land Forces as Air and Air Defense brigades . Mission and objectives . The objectives of the Georgian Air Force are defined as follows : Functions of the Georgian Air Forces : The two major airfields are located near Tbilisi at Alekseevka and Marneuli .