naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bonabes IV de Rougé de Derval Bonabes IV de Rougé de Derval ( c . 1328 – 1377 ) was a knight from the House of Rougé , Lord of Rougé and Derval , Viscount of La Guerche , Governor of South Brittany and of Redon , General of the Breton army and later of the French King ' s army , and ambassador of the King of France in England . Born about 1328 , he inherited the vast lands of his ancestors and began very early to fight in the war of succession to the Duchy of Brittany . His father , his uncle and his grandfather had been killed by English knights at La Roche - Derrien in 1347 . He later became the hostage of King Edward III of England for the person of the French King Jean , and escaped from the Tower of London . He died in 1377 .
Bridge castle A bridge castle ( ) is a type of castle that was built to provide military observation and security for a river crossing . In the narrower sense it refers to castle s that are built directly on or next to a bridge . Sometimes , however , castles close to a bridge are referred to as bridge castles . These fortifications were often designed as toll castle s and were occupied only by a guard force . In Europe several examples of bridge castles have survived , especially in the south and southeast of the continent . The bridge castle type - which is only rarely mentioned in detail in the specialist literature - is not always clearly distinguishable from the " fortified bridge " . In medieval Europe , numerous river crossings were protected by tower structures and outworks . Examples . The largest preserved bridge castle is the rectangular edifice of Valeggio sul Mincio ( Province of Verona , North Italy ) . In the Late Middle Ages , Gian Galeazzo Visconti ordered the construction of a mighty bridge fortress under the four - winged inner bailey of the local castle between Mantua and Lake Garda . The bridge fort lies about 100 metres in height below the hill castle . Three gateways were linked by curtain wall s to 14 demi - bastion s . The gate tower below the hill castle is of a strikingly weak design . The living rooms of the guards were in the central gateway . This gateway barred access to the crossing in a similar way to the rear gateway with a massive crossbeam . The Germans ' Gate across the Seille river in Metz is the last bridge castle found in France . The bridge castle displays fortified towers , battlement s , and machicolation s . The German ' s Gate dating from the 13th century played a crucial defensive role during the siege of Metz in 1552 - 1553 by Emperor Charles V . Bullet impacts coming from the musket s during the assaults still can be seen on the facade . The Hohenstaufen double tower gate on the Roman bridge across the Volturno in Capua , Italy , is classified as a bridge castle . Frederick II of Hohenstaufen built here a representative " state building " as the gateway to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies , whose surviving ruins give little indication of its former importance . The famous bridge castle of Stari most in Mostar ( Bosnia - Herzegovina ) was partly destroyed in 1993 by Bosnian - Croatian troops , but was rebuilt . Originally , around 1450 , two great fortified tower s on both sides of the river guarded a suspension bridge , which was replaced in 1566 by a stone arch bridge . Fortified bridges . A typical example of a fortified bridge is the Pont Valentré near Cahors ( Midi - Pyrénées ) in Southern France . The site is almost totally preserved apart from the eastern barbican ( fortified gate ) which was removed in the 19th century . In Germany and Central Europe only ruins of bridge fortifications have generally survived . Usually there are only the individual gate towers , for example as on the Stone Bridge in Regensburg and the Charles Bridge in Prague . Sources . G . Ulrich Großmann : " Burgen in Europa " . Regensburg , 2005 , p . 220 - 223 . ISBN 3 - 7954 - 1686 - 8
HMS Ramsey ( M110 ) HMS Ramsey is a of the British Royal Navy . Like other vessels of the " Sandown " class , " Ramsey " is built of glass - reinforced plastic and other non - magnetic materials so that her hull does not trigger mines as easily as standard warships . She is the third vessel to bear the name . On 11 March 2009 , " Ramsey " and her sister ship returned from a two and a half year deployment in the Middle East to their home port at HMNB Clyde . During this time the crews of those ships were rotated on and off with eight different crews based in the UK . She set sail for another deployment in the Middle East on 11 March 2011 . The current commanding officer is Lieutenant Commander Alex Bush RN .
Loss exchange ratio Loss exchange ratio is a figure of merit in attrition warfare . It is usually relevant to a condition or state of war where one side depletes the resources of another through attrition . Specifically and most often used as a comparator in aerial combat , where it is known as a kill - ratio . For example , during the Korean War , American combat jets had a kill - ratio of 4 - 1 . This means for every four aircraft shot down by an American aircraft , one American plane was shot down by an enemy fighter . Historical applications . Loss exchange ratio has played a significant role in past wars , especially those that have devolved into stalemate and become wars of attrition . For example , the German objective at the Battle of Verdun ( 1916 ) during World War I was not the seizure of any strategic objective , but rather to inflict an LER of 2 : 1 on the French forces and thereby cripple the French army . During the First Indochina War , Vo Nguyen Giap , the leader of the Viet Minh , told his French opposite number that " you can kill ten of my men for every one I kill of yours , and at that rate , I will still triumph . " In fact , the LER was approximately 3 : 1 in favor of the French , and they did indeed withdraw in defeat . A total of 500 , 000 + Vietnamese were either killed , wounded or captured during the First Indochina War . Contemporary employment . It is arguable that the concept of the Loss exchange ratio has become relatively less important in modern Western military doctrine , as some military theories posit that it is just as militarily effective to disrupt enemy forces and outmaneuver them , thereby reducing their combat effectiveness without necessarily inflicting massive casualties .
3d Command and Control Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 3d Command and Control Squadron ( 3 CACS ) was a command and control unit located at Offutt AFB , Nebraska . Mission . The 3d Command and Control Squadron mission was shrouded in secrecy , however some details from its location , successor unit , and unit emblem shed some light on its operations . History . Emblem Significance . The device in the center of the disc is a Hydra , a creature which in mythology had several heads . These heads represent the multiple sensor sites of the 3 CACS , which provide continuous , worldwide surveillance . According to mythology , the hydra in combat could detect an attack from any direction even with the loss of a head . Similarly , 3 CACS maintains global coverage even if one of its sensors is put out of operation . This global capability is further amplified by the motto of the unit : " Watching the World " . The disc is divided by the colors black and white which represent night and day . The squadron works night and day . The line of USAF yellow dividing these colors symbolizes the sun which divides the day and night . The USAF blue in the scrolls suggests the sky , the medium in which the Air Force operates . The USAF yellow in the emblem ' s borders and in the lettering in the scroll denotes the excellence required of Air Force personnel . The motto describes the mission of 3 CACS and how the men and women continuously carry out their mission .
HMS Bellwort ( K114 ) HMS " Bellwort " was a of the Royal Navy . After wartime service she was sold to the Irish Naval Service and renamed " Cliona " after an ancient Irish goddess of love . History . Construction . " Bellwort " was built by George Brown & Co of Greenock and launched on 11 August 1941 . Irish Naval service ( 1946 - 1970 ) . Bellwort was one of three Flowers sold to Ireland in 1946 . She was handed over to the Irish Naval Service on 3 February 1947 and commissioned " Cliona " by Lieutenant Walter J . Ready the same day . She was sold to Haulbowline Industries for scrap on 4 November 1970 .
Battle of Krusi The Battle of Krusi ( ) took place in 1796 between Old Montenegro and the Pashalik of Scutari near Krusi . Following his defeat in Martinići ( see Battle of Martinići ) , Mahmut - pasha Bushatli the Albanian Vizier of Shkoder began compiling new plans to attack Montenegro . With his main army in Scutari , Bushatli advanced to Podgorica , in the meantime , near the Montenegrin borders , a rather large number of forces were stationed due to the concentration of attacks towards Montenegro and Brda . From Podgorica , the Albanians move onto Lješkopolje because Bushatli ' s goal was to use the Lješkopolje - Krusi - Carev laz - Rijeka Crnojevića to his advantage to carry out a raid toward Cetinje . Peter I , Prince - Bishop of Montenegro , was informed of the Albanian plans and had organized defenses beforehand . He then took control of the majority of the his forces and set - up an encampment beneath Mount Sađavce , on the right hand bank of the Matica River . Another , larger , unit , under the command of Jovan Radonjić was beset under Mount Busovnika near the village of Krusi . The battle occurred on 22 September 1796 when Bushatli ordered his troops to cross the right hand bank of the Sitnica River and attack Montenegrin positions . Krusi was directly in the path of the Turkish army . Intensive fighting would occur when the Albanians met with the Montenegrins . After a whole day of fighting , the Montenegrins were able to defeat the Turks . Bushatli was killed by the Montenegrin army during the battle . Legend has it that it was truly Bogdan Vukov Nikolic from Zalazi * who managed to kill Bushatli . The remains of the broken Turkish army were forced to withdraw to Podgorica .
USS G . W . Blunt ( 1861 ) USS " G . W . Blunt " ( 1861 ) was a schooner acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat as well as a dispatch boat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . Towards the war ’ s end , she was reconfigured as a rescue and salvage ship . Her new task was to remove many of the shipwrecks , hulks , and other in - water debris of war . " G . W . Blunt " , a two - masted schooner , commissioned in 1861 . " G . W . Blunt " , formerly " Blunt " , was a wooden two - masted schooner acquired by the Navy in New York City 23 November 1861 . She commissioned 4 December 1861 , Acting Master Henry Sherwood in command . Assigned to the South Atlantic Blockade . Arriving at Port Royal , South Carolina , 11 December 1861 , " G . W . Blunt " served as a mail and dispatch boat for the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron between such points as Charleston , South Carolina , Wassaw Sound , Georgia , and Fernandina , Florida . En route to Georgetown , South Carolina , 19 April 1862 , she captured blockade - running schooner " Wave " with a cargo of cotton . Repaired in Philadelphia and returned to blockade duty . For the following year " G . W . Blunt " was on a blockade duty off Charleston and assisted in capturing several more vessels . She departed Port Royal , South Carolina , for Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , 7 May 1863 and decommissioned for repairs 13 May . Recommissioned 2 June 1863 , " G . W . Blunt " rejoined the blockading squadron off Charleston , patrolling the many small inlets and bays near the main harbor . Conversion of the ship to salvage duty . Cruising on Charleston station until midsummer 1864 , " G . W . Blunt " was sent to Port Royal 7 August , and on 25 August was fitted with diving equipment for salvage duty . She worked on many wrecks , including " Constance " on 13 November and , ( sunk 17 February 1864 by Confederate submarine H . L . Hunley ) from 15 to 19 November . She was sent to Savannah , Georgia , 1 March 1865 to clear obstructions from the harbor , and returned to Charleston 1 April 1865 . Post - war decommissioning and sale . " G . W . Blunt " decommissioned 16 August 1865 at Port Royal and was sold there 20 October 1865 .
No . 356 Squadron RAF No . 356 Squadron RAF was a short - lived long range bomber squadron of the Royal Air Force between 1944 and 1945 . History . The squadron was formed on 15 January 1944 at Salbani , Bengal , British India , as a long range bomber unit equipped with the Consolidated Liberator . The squadron attacked Japanese bases in South East Asia and planted mines outside enemy harbours . In July 1945 the squadron moved to the Cocos Islands to prepare for the invasion of Malaya . The end of the war came before the invasion was carried out and the squadron performed supply - dropping and transport duties until it was disbanded on 15 November 1945 .
Battle and theatre honours of the Indian Army The Indian Army has a distinguished history in which they won many battle and theatre honours . The practice of giving battle honours began with the East India Company who awarded these to the units of the native Indian corps in their presidency armies . The practice continued after the advent of the British Crown post - 1857 when the armies of the East India Company became part of the British Indian Army and after India ' s independence in 1947 . The earliest conflict for which a battle honour was awarded was " Plassey " which was awarded in 1829 to the 1st Regiment , Bengal Native Infantry which served the East India Company in Bengal while the latest is " Kargil " in 1999 awarded to units of independent India ' s army for feats during the Kargil War . Post - independence . Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 . The battle and theatre honours of the 1947 War are : Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 . The battle and theatre honours of the 1965 War are :
Carnforth War Memorial The Carnforth War Memorial was erected on 9 November 1924 , to commemorate soldiers from Carnforth who died during and after World War I . Design . The memorial is located on Market St , Carnforth , in a small memorial garden , and comprises a square granite plinth upon which stands a bronze figure of a soldier , standing at ease and with rifle . In addition to the bronze figure there are three inscribed plaques . The first commemorates the Carnforth soldiers who died during World War I , the second commemorates the Carnforth soldiers who died whilst still in service between 1918 and 1924 while the third plaque commemorates the Carnforth soldiers who died during and after World War II . A total of seventy seven names are inscribed on the memorial , fifty seven of which are recorded as killed during or as a consequence of wounds suffered during World War I , and twenty names are recorded as killed during or as a consequence of wounds suffered during World War II . The inscription is : TO THE HONOURED MEMORY / OF THE MEN OF / CARNFORTH / WHO DIED AFTER THE CLOSE / OF THE 1939 - 1945 WAR / FROM THE EFFECTS OF / WAR SERVICE Recent History . A silent black and white film of the unveiling of the Carnforth ' s War Memorial in 1924 is available on DVD from North West Film Archive , due to a donation of the film to the King ' s Own Royal Regiment Museum in Lancaster in 2004 . The process of converting the film to DVD was delicate as the film is " highly volatile nitrate film " . The 6 minute film , which records the event attended by dignitaries , servicemen and families , was produced by the Carnforth ' Kinema ' owner , William J . Weeks .
Firzovik Detachment The Firzovik Detachment of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " Firzovik Müfrezesi " ) was one of the Detachments under the command of the Ottoman Vardar Army of the Western Army . It was formed in Firzovik ( present day : Uroševac ) area during the First Balkan War . Balkan Wars . Order of Battle , October 19 , 1912 . On October 19 , 1912 , the detachment was structured as follows :
Hasebe Nobutsura Hasebe Nobutsura ( Japanese : 長谷部 信連 （ はせべ のぶつら ) ) ( year of birth unknown - Kempo - 6 ( 1218 ) was a military commander between the end of Heian period and the beginning of Kamakura period . He was the son of Tametsura who was an officer for managing horses , Uma - no - jo ( ) History . Nobutsura ' s character was brave and fearless . He once captured a robber getting into Tokiwa - den as a " Takiguchi musha " ( ) , the guard of Inner Palace . He was promoted to the director of the left part of center palace guard , Sahyoe - no - kami ( ) as he was highly evaluated for capturing the robber . Later , Nobutsura served Prince Mochihito . In Jishō - 4 ( 1180 ) , Prince Mochihito plotted an attack against the Taira clan with Minamoto no Yorimasa , one of the Minamoto clan families . However , the plot leaked before implementation . Nobutsura helped the prince escape from the Imperial Palace to Mii - dera . Nobutsura continued fighting alone against Imperial Guards , Kebiishi ( ) , using only a ceremonial sword , defeated only when the end of the sword broke off . He then tried to commit suicide , instead of being defeated , but he had lost his dagger and so could not . Prince Mochihito and Minanoto no Yorimasa were forced into the Battle of Uji before they were prepared . Nobutsura was captured although he fought tremendously . He did not even intend to tell where the prince was and never yielded to Taira no Munemori ' s cross - examination . Taira no Kiyomori admired his braveness and lessened Nobutsura ' s punishment to banishment to Hino District , Hōki Province . After the fall of the Taira clan , Minamoto no Yoritomo dispatched Nobutsura to Kebiishi in Aki Province and awarded him a large portion of Suzu District , Noto Province . His descendants lasted and called themselves the Cho clan ( ) and served the Maeda clan during the Edo period .
German submarine U - 64 ( 1939 ) German submarine " U - 64 " was a Type IXB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was ordered by them in July 1937 . Her keel was laid down by AG Weser in Bremen in December 1938 . Following about nine months of construction , she was launched in September 1939 and formally commissioned into the " Kriegsmarine " in December . " U - 64 " had a very short career and sank no enemy vessels . Having left her home port of Wilhelmshaven for her first war patrol on 6 April 1940 , she was intercepted by Allied aircraft seven days later off the coast of Norway during the invasion of that country and was sunk by a bomb from a Fairey Swordfish aircraft of . Of her crew of 46 , eight men died and 38 escaped from the sinking submarine . Construction and design . Construction . " U - 64 " was ordered by the German " Kriegsmarine " on 16 July 1937 as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles . Her keel was laid down on 15 December 1938 by AG Weser in Bremen as " Werk 952 " . She was launched on 20 September 1939 and commissioned on 16 December under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Georg - Wilhelm Schulz . Design . Like all Type IXB submarines , " U - 64 " had a total output of while submerged and when surfaced . As a result , she could travel at a maximum speed of while surfaced and submerged . She had a range of at while on the surface and at while submerged . " U - 64 " was equipped with six torpedo tubes ( four in the bow and two in the stern ) and carried a total of 22 torpedoes . The submarine could also be equipped with 44 TMA mines . " U - 64 " s main deck gun was a 10 . 5 cm SK C / 32 naval gun with 110 rounds . She also carried the standard 2 cm FlaK 30 anti - aircraft gun . She had a crew of 46 but could carry up to 56 men at any given time . After being commissioned and deployed , " U - 64 " was stationed in the German port city of Wilhelmshaven . Service history . " U - 64 " went to sea on 6 April 1940 . For eight days , she roamed the North Sea in search of Allied convoys heading to Norway in support of the campaign centred around that country . During that time she encountered no enemy vessels . On 13 April , the eighth day of her first patrol , she was heaved - to in the waters off Bjerkvik in Norway , and was struck by a 350 - pound bomb from a British Fairey Swordfish aircraft of . Her deck was also riddled with machine - gun fire . The U - boat then sank to the bottom of the harbor , eight of her crew went down with her . The remaining 38 were able to escape the sinking vessel and were picked up by German mountain troops stationed ashore . They later formed the crew of " U - 124 " .
Royal Life Guards ( Denmark ) The Royal Life Guards ( " Den Kongelige Livgarde " ) is an infantry regiment of the Danish Army , founded in 1658 by King Frederik III . It serves in two roles : as a front line combat unit , and as a guard / ceremonial unit to the Danish monarchy . The Royal Life Guards provide a permanent guard at the Amalienborg Palace , Kastellet ( part of the old fortification of Copenhagen ) , Rosenborg Castle / garrison of the Royal Life Guards in Copenhagen and the garrison of Høvelte . On occasions guard is kept at Fredensborg Palace , Marselisborg Palace , Gråsten Palace , Christiansborg Palace and other locations inside the Danish realm . The ordinary uniform of the Royal Life Guards while they are on guard duty is dark blue . Their full dress uniform is very similar to that of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army : a scarlet or blue tunic ; blue trousers ; and a bearskin with the regiment ' s cap badge ( the Sun and Royal Coat of Arms ) ; together with the symbolic infantry sabre , which is part of the spoils from the First Schleswig War 1848 - 1850 and originally a French infantry sabre . During his time in the Danish forces , Crown Prince Frederik served a tour in the Royal Life Guards with the rank of Sergeant . The regiment itself has three battalion s :
Medyn - Aduyevo Medyn - Aduyevo was an Soviet Air Force base in Kaluga Oblast , Russia located 56 km northwest of Kaluga . It was a 1960s - era airbase , situated 9 km northeast of the town of Medyn . By the 1980s or 1990s the airfield had been completely plowed over into pasture . A Degree Confluence Project intersection is along the former southern tarmac . Two confluence hunters did not see any remains or even suspect them , but visit photos clearly show wide clearings and revetments grown over by vegetation .
Daniel Spry Major - General Daniel Charles Spry , CBE , DSO , CD , was the Canadian commander of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division during Operation Veritable in World War II . He was born in Winnipeg , Manitoba , on February 4 , 1913 and died in 1989 . War service . In 1943 , Spry commanded the 1st Battalion , The Royal Canadian Regiment and then the 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade , in Italy . In 1944 , he commanded the 12th Canadian Infantry Brigade . Later , in 1944 , he took charge of the 3rd Canadian Division , in North - West Europe , until the end of the Rhineland Campaign . The commander of II Canadian Corps , Guy Simonds , was dissatisfied with Spry ' s performance during the assaults on heavily defended woodland near Moyland , southeast of Kleve and later on the Hochwald , saying that he " lacked quick tactical appreciation and robust drive in . . . urgent tactical situations " . In turn , Spry felt that neither Simonds nor Crerar fully understood the situation " at the sharp end of battle " . Simonds was adamant that Spry should go but Crerar was more sympathetic and he campaigned for Spry ' s appointment to the Canadian Reinforcement Units in Britain , appreciating Spry ' s ability as a trainer of soldiers ( endorsed by Simonds ) and the value of having a battle experienced officer in that role . Spry was relieved of command of the 3rd Division at the end of Operation Blockbuster and he duly left for Britain to command the Canadian Reinforcement Units . Postwar . In 1946 , Spry became Vice - Chief of the General Staff at National Defence HQ in Ottawa and retired later that year . In 1969 , Spry presented the Major - General D . C . Spry Trophy , an annual small arms competition for the Royal Canadian Regiment .