naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Auguste - Alexandre Ducrot Auguste - Alexandre Ducrot ( 24 February 1817 – 16 August 1882 ) was a French general . Ducrot served in Algeria , in the Italian campaign of 1859 , and as a division commander in the Franco - Prussian War . At the Battle of Sedan on 1 September 1870 , he succeeded to command of the French army when Marshal Mac - Mahon was wounded early in the morning . By that time , it was obvious that a disastrous defeat was inevitable . Ducrot summed up the situation with the famous remark " Nous sommes dans un pot de chambre , et nous y serons emmerdés . " ( We are in a chamber pot , and we ' re going to be shit on . ) Ducrot ordered the army to withdraw , but then General de Wimpffen presented a commission authorizing " him " to succeed Mac - Mahon . Wimpffen overruled Ducrot , and ordered a counterattack that failed completely . Emperor Napoleon III then surrendered the army to the Prussia ns . Ducrot refused to sign the articles of surrender , and was imprisoned by the Prussians . He soon escaped , and took part in the Siege of Paris . Ducrot commanded the most important French attack against the Prussian besiegers ( the Battle of Villiers ) , 29 November - 3 December 1870 . After the defeat of this attack , Ducrot urged the French government to make peace .
1912 Army Cadets football team The 1912 Army Black Knights football team represents the United States Military Academy . The team finished with the season with 5 wins . The Black Knights offense scored 108 points , while the defense allowed 59 points . On November 9 , Army battled the Carlisle Indian Academy , which featured legendary athlete Jim Thorpe .
PV - 1 machine gun PV - 1 ( " Pulemet Vozdushny " , airborne machine gun ) is a Soviet air - cooled version of the Russian M1910 Maxim for mounting on aircraft . It was designed between 1926 and 1927 . The first prototypes were produced and accepted into service in 1928 . The gun was created at the initiative of the Soviet military pilot Alexander Vasilevich Nadashkevich ( Александр Васильевич Надашкевич ) after he was appointed to the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Soviet Air Force in 1923 . His main objective was to obtain a gun with increased rate of fire and reduced weight relative to the M1910 . In this endeavor , Nadashkevich collaborated with several engineers from the Tula Arms Factory , including Tretyakov and Pastuhov , who were the spiritual fathers of the M1910 gun , and also with Yartsev and Vladimirov , who later became notable designers of aircraft guns themselves . The rate of fire was increased from the 600 rpm of the M1910 to 750 rpm by adding a spring that returned the breechblock faster and also by decreasing the diameter ( and thus mass ) of the recoiling sleeve that housed the receiver - end of the barrel . The latter measure also contributed to a decrease of the gun ' s weight . The barrel itself was air cooled by a perforated sleeve . A prototype passed field tests on 19 May 1926 . By 1 October 1929 , the Soviet Airforce had received 2 , 480 PV - 1 machine guns . Subsequent known production figures were : Mirrored receivers that were fed from left to right ( necessary for wing mounts ) were designed in 1929 and entered service in December of that year . Between 1925 and 1927 Nadashkevich also worked on producing an even lighter variant A - 2 by introducing some duralumin parts . This gun was however considered unsatisfactory because its parts wore out too quickly , so it was not adopted for service . The PV - 1 armed the Polikarpov I - 3 and Tupolev I - 4 fighters and the Tupolev TB - 1 bomber . The Polikarpov I - 5 fighter was first armed with a pair of PV - 1 machine guns with 1 , 200 rounds total . Subsequent modifications increased the armament to four PV - 1 guns with 4 , 000 rounds total . The Polikarpov I - 15 was armed with four PV - 1 guns with 3 , 000 rounds total . The reconnaissance Polikarpov R - 5 was armed with one propeller - synchronized PV - 1 and one in a rear turret mount . The ground attack R - 5Sh variant was armed with four PV - 1 guns in the wings , in addition to the propeller - synchronized one . Although the gun was considered obsolete and was gradually being phased out of service , the German invasion of Soviet Union prompted a penury of automatic weapons , so the PV - 1s were converted for various other purposes . In August 1941 the gun was adapted to be mounted on a " ZPU " anti - aircraft machine gun base created by Fedor Tokarev . These conversions were made at a factory in Tambov . In 1942 , some 3 , 009 PV - 1 guns were converted to infantry weapons by mounting them on the Sokolov 1910 carriage ( the one used in the PM M1910 ) at a factory in Zlatoust .
Ewald Rohlfs Ewald Rohlfs ( 1911 Bremen , Germany - 1984 ) was a test pilot . In 1936 Rohlfs made the first flight of a helicopter , the Focke - Wulf Fw 61 . One year later he took the helicopter to an altitude of 1 , 130 feet ( 344 m ) and then idled the engine . using its spinning rotors to descend safely to the ground .
91st Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 91st Air Landing Division ( German " 91 . Luftlande - Infanterie - Division " ) was a German Army infantry division in World War II . History . Originally formed as an Air Landing Division ( Luftlandivision ) trained , and equipped to be transported by air ( i . e . transportable artillery , few heavy support weapons ) to take part in Operation Tanne Ost , an aborted airborne operation in Scandinavia , despite its name the 91st was a regular Heer unit and spent its entire existence as an infantry division . Formed in the Baumholder area from replacement center personnel in January 1944 under the command of Generalleutnant Bruno Ortner , its command was transferred to generalleutnant Wilhelm Falley and moved to the Cotentin peninsula with von der Heydte 6th Parachute Regiment and 100th Panzer Replacement and Training Battalion , armed with captured French light tanks , attached as part of the German 7th Army . Located within the landing zones of both the US 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions . It saw heavy fighting around Sainte - Mère - Église with its divisional commander being killed . Placed under the temporary command of Generalmajor Bernard Klosterkemper It attempted to block the US 4th Divisions advance off Utah Beach at Carentan where its 1058th Grenadier Regiment was all but destroyed . After the second week of the invasion the 91st had suffered so many casualties it was no longer considered effective as a unit . Now at battle group strength it was attached to first the 77th Infantry Division then the 243rd Infantry Division in Corps von Schlieban defending Cherbourg where most of its remaining forces were captured by the Americans . Remnants of the Division under the command of Colonel Eugen Konig escaping to the south . Despite recommendation the unit be dissolved OKH chose to rebuild it adding replacement battalions and sending it back to the front in early August . Defending Rennes from Pattons 3rd Army it again suffered heavy casualties and was reduced to battle group strength . It followed the German retreat to the Siegfried Line and was later absorbed into the 344th Volksgrenadier Division .
Dieter Damerius Dieter Damerius ( born 7 April 1924 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Dieter Damerius was captured by British forces at the end of the war and was released in February 1946 .
Battle of Samobor The Battle of Samobor ( ) on March 1 , 1441 was fought between the forces of Ulrich II of Celje and Stjepan Banić around Samobor , Croatia . In a struggle for succession to the Crown of St . Stephen , Banić was allied to Vladislaus III of Varna while Ulrich II supported Ladislas the Posthumous ' s eventual right to the throne . Ulrich II ' s forces were commanded by the Czech mercenary Jan Vitovec . They were ultimately victorious , taking Banić prisoner after the battle . However , the infant Ladislas ' mother , Elisabeth of Bohemia ( 1409 – 1442 ) , died the following year forcing Ulrich II to recognize Vladislaus III as king , as well as releasing all prisoners . Vladislaus III died soon after against the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Varna of 1444 . On the 565th anniversary of the battle , March 1 , 2006 , the city of Samobor hosted a large re - creation of the event .
Non - commissioned member A non - commissioned member ( NCM ) , in the Canadian Forces , is defined in the Queen ' s Regulations and Orders as : " … any person , other than an officer , who is enrolled in , or who pursuant to law is attached or seconded otherwise than as an officer to , the Canadian Forces … " " ( QR & O 1 . 02 ) " Thus , an NCM is any member who is not a commissioned officer . Officer Cadet s , while not commissioned members , are classified as officers . The equivalent term in French is " " militaire du rang " " . Composition . Non - commissioned members comprise the following groups of ranks : Non - commissioned officers are further subdivided into " junior non - commissioned officers " ( Jr NCOs ) , consisting of the ranks of MCpl / MS and Cpl / LS , and " senior non - commissioned officers " ( Sr NCOs ) , consisting of Sgt / PO2 . The ranks of MCpl / MS and below are also collectively known as " junior ranks " ( JRs ) . There is no equivalent simple collective term for Sgt / PO2 and above ; they are generally known by the terms " Warrant Officers and Sergeants " ( Army and Air Force ) and " Chiefs and Petty Officers " or " Chiefs and POs " ( Navy ) ; the term " Senior NCM " is often erroneously used , and currently has no official sanction , although its use ( and other unofficial terms like " junior NCMs " ) are appearing in official documentation with increasing frequency . Analogs . In the British Army , Royal Marines and Royal Air Force ( and in the armies and air forces of many other Commonwealth countries ) , the equivalent term is " Other Rank " ( OR ) ; in the Royal Navy and Commonwealth navies , the term is usually " rating " or " rate . " In the United States Army , Air Force and Marines , the equivalent term is " enlisted rank ; " in the United States Navy , the proper term is " rate " only ; " rating " refers to a sailor ' s Military Occupational Specialty .
HMS Diadem ( 1782 ) HMS " Diadem " was a 64 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 19 December 1782 at Chatham . She participated in the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797 . In 1798 she was converted to serve as a troopship . In 1800 under the command of Post Captain Sir Thomas Livingstone she was employed in the expedition to Quiberon and Belle Île under Sir Edward Pellew , subsequently she was employed in the expedition to Cádiz under Admiral Lord Keith . Because " Diadem " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September , her officers and crew qualified for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorised in 1850 to all surviving claimants . Fate . " Diadem " was broken up in September 1832 .
James Henderson Blount James Henderson Blount ( September 12 , 1837 – March 8 , 1903 ) was an American statesman , soldier and congressman from Georgia . He opposed the annexation of Hawaii in 1893 in his investigation into the alleged American involvement in the political revolution in the Kingdom of Hawai ' i . Blount was a prominent spokesman for white supremacy and strongly opposed adding a new non - white element to the American population . Early life . Blount was born near Clinton , Jones County , Georgia . He attended private schools there and in Tuscaloosa , Alabama . He graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1858 . He studied law and was admitted to the Georgia bar in 1859 . During the American Civil War he served in the Confederate States Army as a private in the Second Georgia Battalion , Floyd Rifles for two years , and was later lieutenant colonel for two years . Political career . Blount served in the United States Congress representing the sixth district of Georgia from 1873 to 1893 . He was Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations ( 1891 – 1893 ) . Hawai ' i . After a coup overthrew Queen Lili ' uokalani of Hawai ' i in early 1893 , the new government sought annexation to join the United States . President Benjamin Harrison was supportive and sent a treaty to the Senate . President Grover Cleveland , a Democrat like Blount , opposed annexation and sent Blount , now a private citizen , to investigate . The report he issued on July 17 , 1893 is known as the Blount Report . Blount recommended the rejection of annexation , and stated that the natives should be allowed to continue their Asiatic ways . When Blount blamed the U . S . consul for providing assistance for the overthrow , Cleveland proposed to use American military force to overthrow the new government by force and reinstall Liliuokalani as an absolute monarch . When the deposed Queen refused to grant amnesty as a condition of her reinstatement , she was accused of telling an American official she would " behead " the current government leaders and confiscate their property , Cleveland washed his hands of the matter by referring it to Congress . The U . S . Senate , under Democratic control but angered at being shut out of a major foreign policy issue by Cleveland , then produced its own report , written by Senator John Tyler Morgan , a Democrat , and known as the Morgan Report . It completely contradicted Blount ' s findings and found the revolution in Hawaii was a completely internal affair . Following the Turpie Resolution of May 1894 , which vowed a policy of non - interference in Hawaiian affairs , Cleveland dropped all talk of reinstating the Queen , and went on to officially recognize and maintain diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii . Other nations had already recognized the Republic . In 1898 the Republic again sought annexation , which with McKinley ' s strong support won Congressional approval . Death . Blount died at the age of 65 in Macon , Bibb County , Georgia , and was buried at the Rose Hill Cemetery in Macon , Georgia .
Sumith Balasuriya Major General Sumith Balasuriya , VSV , USP , ndc , IG , SLA is a Sri Lankan general , who was the former Commandant , Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force , Vice Chancellor / Commandant , General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University and GOC , 23 Division . Educated at Royal College , Colombo , Balasuriya joined the army in 1974 after leaving school and was commissioned in to the Sri Lanka Artillery in 1975 as a Second Lieutenant . He went to become the head of the Sri Lanka Artillery , its Colonel - Commandant . He was the General Officer Commanding of the 23 Division . Becoming the Vice Chancellor Commandant of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , he was tipped to become the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army . However he was appointed as Commandant of the Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force . General Balasuriya is a graduate of the National Defence College , India and was the Inspector General of Artillery . He was awarded the Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya ( VSV ) , Uttama Seva Padakkama ( USP ) , the Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal , the Riviresa Campaign Services Medal , the Purna Bhumi Padakkama and the North and East Operations Medal . Since his retirement he has been appointed as Director General of the Counter - terrorism Division in Ministry of Foreign Affairs .
Treaty of Schönbrunn The Treaty of Schönbrunn ( ; ) , sometimes known as the Treaty of Vienna , was signed between France and Austria at the Schönbrunn Palace of Vienna on 14 October 1809 . This treaty ended the Fifth Coalition during the Napoleonic Wars . Austria had been defeated , and France imposed harsh peace terms . Austria ceded Salzburg to Bavaria , West Galicia to the Duchy of Warsaw , Tarnopol district to the Russian Empire and Trieste and Croatia south of the Sava River to France ( see Illyrian provinces ) . Austria recognized Napoleon ' s previous conquests from other nations as well as recognizing Napoleon ' s brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain . Austria also paid to France a large indemnity and the Austrian army was reduced to 150 , 000 men - a promise not fulfilled . Britain remained at war with France , one contemporary British view on the treaty was : Assassination attempt . During the negotiations at Schönbrunn , Napoleon narrowly escaped an attempt on his life . On 12 October the emperor exited the palace with a large entourage to observe a military parade . A 17 - year - old German patriot , Friedrich Staps , demanded an audience with Napoleon to present a petition , but was refused by the emperor ' s aide Jean Rapp . Shortly thereafter , Rapp observed Staps approaching Napoleon from a different direction , and had him arrested . Taken to the palace , Staps was found to be carrying a kitchen knife inside his coat , concealed inside the petition . Staps then admitted his plans to kill the emperor . Napoleon asked whether Staps would thank him if he was pardoned , to which Staps replied : " I would kill you none the less . " Napoleon left Vienna on 16 October and the next day Staps was shot outside the palace . At this execution , he is said to have shouted " Long live freedom ! Long live Germany ! " Staps soon came to be seen as a martyr of the burgeoning German nationalism . He was the subject of a poem by Christian Friedrich Hebbel and a play by Walter von Molo .
Albatros W . 4 The Albatros W . 4 was a German floatplane derivative of the D . I fighter with new wing and tail surfaces of greater span . 118 examples ( including three prototypes ) were built between June 1916 and December 1917 , operating in the North Sea and Baltic theatres and later as trainers . Powered by the same 120 kW ( 160 hp ) Mercedes D . III engine fitted to the D . II and based around the same fuselage , the W . IV was armed with either one ( first series ) or two 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) machine gun s lMG08 .
USS Californian ( 1900 ) USS " Californian " was a United States Navy cargo ship in commission in 1918 . SS " Californian " was launched on 12 May 1900 at San Francisco , California , by Union Iron Works and delivered later that year to the American - Hawaiian Steamship Company of New York City . After the United States entered World War I , the United States Shipping Board acquired " Californian " for war service and transferred her to the U . S . Navy on 13 May 1918 . The Navy commissioned her as USS " Californian " on 14 May 1918 with Lieutenant Commander D . Malman , USNRF , in command . " Californian " immediately loaded a cargo of coal , fuel oil , and general supplies for the American Expeditionary Force in France and departed on 31 May 1918 to join a convoy off New York City . On 22 June 1918 , while proceeding through the Bay of Biscay , " Californian " struck a naval mine . Although a gallant attempt was made to tow her to port , she sank later that day . Her crew abandoned ship in good order and was picked up by the patrol vessel USS " Corsair " ( SP - 159 ) without suffering any casualties . Unlike most commercial ships commissioned into U . S . Navy service during World War I , " Californian " never received a naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) .
USS Pinta USS " Pinta " was an iron - hulled screw tug of the United States Navy , launched on October 29 , 1864 , by Reaney , Son & Archbold , Chester , Pennsylvania , completed in October 1865 , and commissioned there , Lt . Comdr . Henry H . Gorringe in command . Service history . 1866 – 1876 . Except for a period in ordinary during 1867 , " Pinta " served on harbor duty at the Philadelphia Navy Yard from 1866 until laid up in 1872 . She recommissioned at Philadelphia on November 22 , 1873 , and operated out of Key West on various duties including messenger service , naval drill in Florida Bay and towing and freight services . She decommissioned at Norfolk Navy Yard on April 15 , 1876 , and was laid up there until reactivated as a yard tug in 1878 . 1878 – 1897 . Overhauled at the Norfolk Navy Yard from 1881 until February 24 , 1883 , in preparation for duty off Alaska , " Pinta " arrived Sitka , Alaska , and relieved " Adams " on August 17 , 1884 . She patrolled Alaskan waters protecting the seal fisheries until April 10 , 1889 , when she sailed for the Mare Island Navy Yard for repairs . She returned to her home port , Sitka , on October 17 , 1889 , and continued to engage in patrol operations in the Bering Sea . Among the Alaskan ports she frequently visited were : Fort Wrangel , Fort Rupert , Port Simpson , Port Protection , Port Chester , William Henry , Juneau , Killisnoo , Ketchikan , Shakan , Loring , Hoonah , and Killimo . " Pinta " returned to Mare Island Navy Yard on July 17 , 1897 , and decommissioned there on August 4 , 1897 . In 1898 she underwent repairs . She served with the Naval Militia at San Diego , California from 1898 to January 2 , 1908 , when she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register .
RMS Laconia ( 1911 ) RMS " Laconia " was a Cunard ocean liner built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson , launched on 27 July 1911 , delivered to the Cunard Line on 12 December 1911 , and began service on 20 January 1912 . She was the first Cunard ship of that name . On the outbreak of World War I " Laconia " was converted into an armed merchant cruiser in 1914 and based at Simon ' s Town , South Africa in the South Atlantic , from which she patrolled the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean until April 1915 . She was then used as a headquarters ship for the operations to capture Tanga and the colony of German East Africa . Four months later she returned to the patrolling of the South Atlantic . She was handed back to Cunard in July 1916 and on 9 September resumed service . On 25 February 1917 she was torpedoed by the German " U - 50 " six miles ( 11 km ) northwest by west of Fastnet while returning from the United States to England with 75 passengers ( 34 first class and 41 second class ) and a crew of 217 under the command of Captain Irvine . The first torpedo struck the liner on the starboard side just abaft the engine room , but did not sink her . Twenty minutes later a second torpedo exploded in the engine room , again on the starboard side , and the vessel sank at 10 : 20 pm . Twelve people did not survive the sinking , six crew and six passengers , including two American citizens , Mrs . Mary Hoy and her daughter , Miss Elizabeth Hoy , who were originally from Chicago . " Chicago Tribune " reporter Floyd Gibbons was aboard " Laconia " when she was torpedoed and gained fame from his dispatches about the attack . Rediscovery . In March 2009 , it was announced that the wreck of the " Laconia " was located and claimed by Odyssey Marine Exploration , Inc . , a commercial archaeology company in Tampa , Florida . She was found about 160 miles off of the coast of Ireland . " Britain claims it is the legitimate owner of the wrecks because , under a wartime insurance scheme , it paid the owners of the vessels when they sank , in effect making the remains the property of the taxpayer . " The search for the wreck was featured on an episode of Discovery Channel ' s Treasure Quest titled " " The Silver Queen " " . One of the artifacts recovered during their investigation of the wreck happened to be the remains of a left shoe that likely belonged to one of the ship female passengers .