naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Australian Defence Force Basic Flying Training School The Australian Defence Force Basic Flying Training School ( BFTS ) is located in Tamworth in northern New South Wales . It is currently run by BAE Systems Flying Training Academy , which conducts tri - service flight screening and basic flying training for the Australian Defence Force ( ADF ) aircrew from the Australian Army , Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) and the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) using CT - 4 Airtrainer aircraft . This training precedes streaming into single service flying training , with RAAF and RAN pilots moving to No . 2 Flying Training School ( 2 FTS ) at Pearce , Western Australia while Army pilots undertake further training at the School of Army Aviation in Oakey , Queensland . Although run by a civilian contractor , flying instructors include service personnel .
Robert E . Hogaboom Robert Edward Hogaboom ( November 13 , 1902 – November 11 , 1993 ) was a United States Marine Corps four - star general who served as Chief of Staff , Headquarters , U . S . Marine Corps . Hogaboom was promoted to four - star rank upon retirement as a " tombstone general " . Biography . Robert Edward Hogaboom was born on November 13 , 1902 in Meridian , Mississippi . He graduated from Marion Military Institute in 1921 . Hogaboom attended Mississippi State College for two years before entering the United States Naval Academy , where he was a member of the boxing team . He graduated on June 4 , 1925 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps . After completing the Basic School at the Philadelphia Naval Yard , he joined the 5th Marine Regiment at Quantico , Virginia . He saw service in Cuba , Nicaragua , and China . In World War II , Hogaboom saw action at Attu and Kiska in the Aleutians , and on Makin Island , Kwajalein , Saipan , Tinian , Guam , and Iwo Jima . He was awarded the Legion of Merit with Combat " V " for outstanding service at Saipan and Tinian as Assistant Chief of Staff , G - 3 ( Operations and Training ) , Northern Troops and Landing Force . At Iwo Jima , he earned a Gold Star in lieu of a second Legion of Merit for his service as Chief of Staff of the 3rd Marine Division . After World War II , he served as assistant division commander , and later division commander , 1st Marine Division in Korea from 1954 to 1955 . Hogaboom retired on October 30 , 1959 as a lieutenant general and was advanced to the rank of general upon retirement . Decorations and honors . General Hogabooms medals and decorations include : The Marine Corps Association ' s Marine Corps Gazette General Robert E . Hogaboom Leadership Writing Contest is named in his honor .
Frederick Jarvis Sergeant Frederick Jarvis ( 1841 – April 8 , 1894 ) was an American soldier in the United States Army who served with the 1st U . S . Cavalry regiment during the Apache Wars . He was one of thirty - two men received the Medal of Honor for gallantry fighting Cochise and the Apache Indians in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona , known as the " Campaign of the Rocky Mesa " , on October 20 , 1869 . Biography . Frederick Jarvis was born in Essex County , New York in 1841 . He enlisted in the United States Army in Hudson , Michigan and was assigned to 1st U . S . Cavalry regiment and later took part in the Apache Wars during the late 1860s . Jarvis was among the cavalry troopers who pursued an Apache raiding party that had massacred a stage coach en route to Tucson and attacked a group of cowboys in the Sulphur Springs Valley . A small detachment under Lieutenant William H . Winters left Fort Bowie on October 8 , later joined on the trail by Captain Reuben Bernard , and followed the Apaches to the Chiricahua Mountains stronghold of Cochise , between Red Rock Mountain and Turtle Mountain , where they encountered them on October 20 , 1869 . Jarvis was one of thirty - two soldiers of the 1st and 8th U . S . Cavalry regiment cited for " gallantry in action " , in what would become known as the " Campaign of the Rocky Mesa " , and received the Medal of Honor on February 14 , 1870 . Jarvis died in Salt Lake City , Utah on April 8 , 1894 , and interred in the Salt Lake City Cemetery . He is one of eight Utah MOH recipients and one of three buried in the state . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company G , 1st U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Chiricahua Mountains , Ariz . , 20 October 1869 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Essex County , N . Y . Date of issue : 14 February 1870 . Citation : Gallantry in action .
Underwater Demolition Badge The Underwater Demolition Badge is an obsolete badge of the United States Navy which was first created during the Second World War . The Underwater Demolition Badge was established as a decoration for members of Navy Underwater Demolition Team s ( UDTs ) and is considered a predecessor decoration to the modern day Special Warfare Badge . The Underwater Demolition Badge was originally worn as a patch on the upper sleeve of a Navy uniform . The badge was awarded to the members of the U . S . Navy Underwater Demolition Teams and became a breast badge in the 1950s . As Underwater Demolition Teams began to be phased into the Navy SEAL s , the Underwater Demolition Badge was used as a template for the new SEAL Badge . During the Vietnam War , the Underwater Demolition Badge was issued side by side with the Special Warfare Badge ( SEAL Badge ) . By 1975 , the Underwater Demolition Badge had been declared obsolete and was no longer issued for uniform wear . Service members who had previously held the Underwater Demolition Badge could apply for the award of the SEAL Badge in lieu of the obsolete decoration . The Underwater Demolition Badge appears as a crossed anchor , trident and pistol insignia . The decoration is identical to the Special Warfare Badge with the exception of the eagle upon which the SEAL badge is based . In 2006 the Navy created the Special Warfare Operator rating , which consists entirely of SEALs . The rating ' s specialty mark is identical to the Underwater Demolition badge ' s original design but in silver . The Navy Warrant Officer device for Special Warfare Technician is also this same design in gold .
Ground burst A groundburst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an artillery shell , nuclear weapon or air - dropped bomb that explodes upon hitting the ground . These weapons are set off by ( fuses ) that are activated when the weapon strikes the ground or something equally hard , such as a concrete building . Ground shock . Ground shock , or water shock will result from nuclear explosions on ( or near ) the surface of ground or water . This ground shock can damage or destroy hardened structures . In water this shock will be damaging to nearby vessels and may also produce a surface wave to limited ranges . A crater is formed by an explosion at ( or near ) the ground surface . The size of the crater depends on the type of ground material and how close to the ground surface the explosion occurs .
USS Stephen Young ( 1861 ) USS " Stephen Young " was one of the ships of the Stone Fleet , sunk in the harbor of Charleston , South Carolina as a blockade during the American Civil War . The 200 ton merchant brig was purchased by the Union Navy on 27 November 1861 in Boston , Massachusetts . She sailed from Boston on 10 December , and was sunk in Maffitt ' s Channel of Charleston harbor on 25 or 26 January 1862 . This " Stephen Young " may be the merchantman cargo ship " Stephen J . Young " , that was previously captained by Isaac D . Seyburn , a Union naval officer who later helped maintain the blockade in this area .
Army Ballistic Missile Agency The Army Ballistic Missile Agency ( ABMA ) was formed to develop the US Army ' s first large ballistic missile . The agency was established at Redstone Arsenal on 1 February 1956 , and commanded by Major General John B . Medaris with Wernher von Braun as technical director . The Redstone missile was the first major project assigned to ABMA . The Redstone was a direct descendant of the V - 2 missile developed by the von Braun team in Germany during WWII . After the US Naval Research Laboratory ' s Project Vanguard was chosen by the DOD Committee on Special Capabilities , over the ABMA ' s proposal to use a modified Redstone ballistic missile as a satellite launch vehicle , ABMA was ordered to stop work on launchers for satellites and focus , instead , on military missiles . Von Braun continued work on the design for what became the Jupiter - C IRBM . This was a three - stage rocket , which , by " coincidence " , could be used to launch a satellite in the Juno I configuration . In September 1956 , the Jupiter - C was launched with a 30 - lb ( 14 - kg ) dummy satellite . It was generally believed that the ABMA could have put a satellite into orbit at that time , had the US government allowed ABMA to do so . A year later , the Soviets launched Sputnik 1 . When the Vanguard rocket failed , a Redstone based Jupiter - C launched America ' s first satellite , Explorer 1 , on 31 January 1958 . Redstone was later used as a launch vehicle in Project Mercury . Redstone was also deployed by the U . S . Army as the PGM - 11 , the first missile to carry a nuclear warhead . Studies began in 1956 for a replacement for the Redstone missile . Initially called the Redstone - S ( solid ) , the name was changed to MGM - 31 Pershing and a contract was awarded to The Martin Company , beginning a program that lasted 34 years . In early 1958 , NACA ' s " Stever Committee " included consultation from the ABMA ' s large booster program , headed by Wernher von Braun . Von Braun ' s Group was referred to as the " Working Group on Vehicular Program . " In March 1958 , ABMA was placed under the new Army Ordnance Missile Command ( AOMC ) along with Redstone Arsenal , the Jet Propulsion Laboratory , White Sands Proving Ground , and the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency ( ARGMA ) . General Medaris was placed in command of AOMC and BG John A . Barclay took command of ABMA . On 1 July 1960 , the AOMC space - related missions and most of its employees , facilities , and equipment were transferred to NASA , forming the George C . Marshall Space Flight Center ( MSFC ) . Wernher von Braun was named MSFC director . BG Richard M . Hurst took command of ABMA from May 1960 until December 1961 when both ABMA and ARGMA were abolished and the remnants were folded directly into AOMC . In 1962 , AOMC was restructured into the new US Army Missile Command ( MICOM ) . Medaris is credited with stating that " if rockets had biblical names , the V - 2 would be called Adam . " This was a tacit acknowledgement of the contribution the V - 2 made to future rocket development in both the USA and the Soviet Union .
Eugen - Ludwig Zweigart Eugen - Ludwig Zweigart ( 3 May 1914 – 8 June 1944 ) a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was credited with 69 victories . Zweigart was shot down flying Focke Wulf Fw - 190 A - 8 ( " Werknummer " 170 736 — factory number ) in aerial combat near Le Cambaux , France on 8 June 1944 . He bailed out but was shot and killed while hanging in his parachute .
Admiral - Superintendent The Admiral - Superintendent was the Royal Navy officer in command of a larger Naval Dockyard . Portsmouth , Devonport and Chatham all had Admiral - Superintendents , as did some other dockyards in the United Kingdom and abroad at certain times . The Admiral - Superintendent usually held the rank of Rear - Admiral . His deputy was the Captain of the Port . Some smaller dockyards , such as Sheerness , had a Commodore - Superintendent or Captain - Superintendent instead . Admiral - Superintendents still exist in the Indian Navy . They are in command of the Naval Dockyards at Mumbai , which serves the Western Fleet , and Vishakapatnam ( Vizag ) , which serves the Eastern Fleet . Since both dockyards are huge establishments , each having thousands of sailors and workers on strength , both Admiral - Superintendents generally hold the rank of Vice Admiral .
27th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 27th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Total strength and casualties . The regiment lost 10 officers and 159 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds and 2 officers and 131 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 302 fatalities .
Battle of Princeton Court House The Battle of Princeton Court House was fought May 15 – 17 , 1862 , in Mercer County , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) in conjunction with Stonewall Jackson ' s Valley Campaign . It was a minor victory for the Confederate States Army . Background . By early May 1862 , Union forces were positioned to invade Virginia at two places . Brig . Gen . Robert H . Milroy ' s column , its axis of march the Staunton - Parkersburg Turnpike , advanced from Cheat Mountain and occupied in succession Camp Allegheny , Monterey , McDowell , and Shenandoah Mountain . Retreating before the oncoming Federals , Confederate Brig . Gen . Edward " Allegheny " Johnson pulled back to Westview , six miles west of Staunton . Battle . Union soldiers of Brig . Gen . Jacob D . Cox ' s District of Kanawha threatened the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad . By mid - May , the Federals , although ousted from Pearisburg , held Mercer County and braced for a lunge at the railroad . Confederate Brig . Gen . Humphrey Marshall arrived from Abingdon , Virginia , with the Army of East Kentucky . Seizing the initiative , Marshall bested Cox ' s two brigades during three days of fighting , May 15 to May 17 , in Mercer County , centering on Princeton Courthouse . There were 129 casualties in total . Aftermath . Breaking contact with the Confederates on the night of May 17 , Cox withdrew 20 miles ( 30 km ) . Col . George Crook , commanding Cox ' s 3rd brigade , marched to and occupied the city of Lewisburg , where on May 23 he defeated Brig . Gen . Henry Heth ' s brigade . He withdrew upon learning that Thomas J . " Stonewall " Jackson ' s army had routed a Union division at Winchester on May 25 .
Friedrich Bonnke Friedrich Bonnke ( 4 February 1915 – 9 December 2001 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Rosa Henson Maria Rosa Luna Henson or " Lola Rosa " ( Grandma Rosa ) ( 1927 - 1997 ) was the first Filipina to tell the world of her story as a comfort woman for the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . Her story . In 1992 , when Henson was 65 , she decided it was time to tell the world about her experience during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II . Until 1992 , only two people had known of her secret , her late mother and her dead husband . After coming out publicly with her story , Lola Rosa decided to write about her war - time experience . The result was the book , " Comfort Woman : A Slave of Destiny " . In " Comfort Woman : A Slave of Destiny " , Lola Rosa provided an achingly straightforward voice to the erstwhile silent and invisible existence of Filipino comfort women . Almost 200 Filipino women soon followed Rosa ’ s example as they decided to reveal themselves and their personal stories for the first time — not only to the world , but to their families as well . Other victims , including those from Korea and China , joined the Filipino women to file a class action lawsuit against the Japan ese government . Together , they demanded justice in the form of a formal apology from the Japanese government ; the inclusion of all the war - time atrocities committed by the Japanese into Japan ’ s school history books ; and monetary reparations to compensate for all the abuses and violence committed against the women . However , the Japanese government denied legal responsibility and refused to pay the victims . Later , responding to the growing pressure of continued protests and appeals by the survivors and their supporters , Japan finally set up the Asian Women ’ s Fund ( AWF ) in 1995 to collect money from private Japanese citizens , and offered them to the victims as “ atonement payments . ” Henson died of a heart attack in 1997 , a year after her autobiography was published , and after she decided to accept the money from the AWF .
Bernard Taylor ( Medal of Honor ) Sergeant Bernard " Barney " Taylor ( 1844 – April 14 , 1875 ) was an American soldier in the U . S . Army who served with the 5th U . S . Cavalry during the Apache Wars . He was one of three men received the Medal of Honor for gallantry , Taylor rescuing wounded commander Lieutenant Charles King , while battling the Western Apache near Sunset Pass in Arizona on November 1 , 1874 . He died two days after receiving the award . Biography . Bernard Taylor was born in St . Louis , Missouri in 1844 . He later enlisted in the United States Army in Washington , D . C . as a private with Company A of the 5th Cavalry . Assigned to frontier duty in the Arizona Territory , Taylor saw action during the Apache Wars and eventually rose the rank of sergeant . He was described as " an admirable specimen of the Irish - American soldier and " hailed as a daring , resolute , intelligent man , and a non - commissioned officer of high merit " . On November 1 , 1874 , Taylor left Camp Verde with a small cavalry patrol headed by First Lieutenant Charles King in pursuit of a hostile Apache war party . After making camp at Sunset Pass , near the Little Colorado River , Taylor and a group of Apache Indian scouts accompanied King to a high vantage point where he could better observe the surrounding area . While climbing to the summit of a steep mesa , between half to three - fourths of a mile from the camp , the party was ambushed by a band of Tonto Apache s . They had been concealed in the rocks waiting for their approach . King was seriously wounded in the first moments of the attack as an arrow struck his head and another cut the muscles at the corner of his eye . He was finally brought down by a rifle shot which hit his right arm near the shoulder blade and collapsed to the ground . Taylor rescued the half conscious officer and , while under heavy fire , carried him half a mile back to their encampment . King was brought back to Camp Verde while Lieutenant George O . Eaton , then commandant of the camp , continued the pursuit . Taylor was recommended for the Medal of Honor for his heroic act and received the award on April 12 , 1875 . He was one of three regimental members , including fellow Sergeants George Deary and Rudolph von Medem , who received the award . Near the end of the campaign , two days after being issued the MOH , Taylor died of lung congestion at Camp Verde shortly before his regiment began its homeward march . His body was taken to California where it was interred at San Francisco National Cemetery . His rescue of King was later included as a chapter in Theo F . Rodenbough ' s " Uncle Sam ' s Medal of Honor " ( 1886 ) , and was depicted on the cover by then well - known military artist Rufus Fairchild Zogbaum . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company A , 5th U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : Near Sunset Pass , Ariz . , 1 November 1874 . Entered service at : Washington , D . C . Birth : St . Louis , Mo . Date of issue : 12 April 1875 . Citation : Bravery in rescuing Lt . King , 5th U . S . Cavalry , from Indians .
Chapter 1607 ( G . I . Bill of Rights ) REAP was established as a part of the Ronald W . Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 . It is a new Department of Defense education benefit program designed to provide educational assistance to members of the Reserve components called or ordered to active duty in response to a war or national emergency ( contingency operation ) as declared by the President or Congress . This new program makes certain reservists who were activated for at least 90 days after September 11 , 2001 either eligible for education benefits or eligible for increased benefits . See also . G . I . Bill
William P . T . Hill William Pendleton Thompson Hill ( 22 February 1895 – 6 December 1965 ) was a United States Marine Corps major general who served as Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps from 1944 to 1955 . Early life . Hill was born in Vinita , Oklahoma , and attended Kemper Military School . He later graduated from Western Military Academy in Alton , Illinois . After his graduation from the University of Oklahoma , he entered active duty as a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 12 July 1917 . Military career . After attending flight school at the Naval Coastal Air Station in Cape May , New Jersey , Hill served as one of the Marine Corps ' first aviators . In 1918 , he served as a pilot with the 1st Marine Aeronautic Company , flying seaplane patrols in the Azores . In 1920 , he was assigned as a member of the Naval Alaskan Coal Commission , where he served as a geologist during the survey of Alaskan coal fields . As a Captain , he commanded a company assigned to the American Legation in Peking , China . While there , he participated in Doctor Roy Chapman Andrews ' third expedition to the Gobi Desert in Mongolia , as the expedition topographer . In 1933 , he was posted overseas to Haiti , where he served as the Quartermaster and Paymaster Director for the Garde d ' Haiti . During World War II , he was initially assigned as the liaison officer during the construction of Camp Lejeune , and briefly served as Camp Commander during 1941 . For his performance at Camp Lejeune , he was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal . In 1943 , he was reassigned to Marine Corps headquarters for duty in the Quartermaster Department , becoming Quartermaster General on 1 February 1944 , a position he held until his retirement in 1955 . Victor Krulak , in " First to Fight " , described Hill as the " classic representative of the Quartermaster ' s tradition of fierce frugality . . . " thrift " was his watchword . . . Decorations . Here is the ribbon bar of Major general William P . T . Hill : W . P . T . Hill Award . The W . P . T . Hill Award was established in 1985 to improve food service operation and recognize the best messes in the Marine Corps . Competitors are judged on areas such as operations , sanitation , taste and quality of food .