naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of New Hope Church The Battle of New Hope Church was fought May 25 – 26 , 1864 , between the Union force of Maj . Gen . William T . Sherman and the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen . Joseph E . Johnston during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War . The battle was a result of an attempt by Sherman to outmaneuver Johnston . After Johnston retreated to Allatoona Pass on May 19 – 20 , Sherman decided that he would most likely pay dearly for attacking Johnston there , so he determined to move around Johnston ' s left flank and steal a march toward Dallas . Johnston anticipated Sherman ' s move and shifted his army into Sherman ' s path , centering a new line at New Hope Church . Sherman mistakenly surmised that Johnston had a token force and ordered Maj . Gen . Joseph Hooker ' s XX Corps to attack . Advancing with his three divisions in parallel routes , Hooker pushed the Confederates back for three miles , before coming to Johnston ' s main line . Difficult terrain prevented Hooker from coordinating his corps ' attacks effectively , causing his men to suffer severe casualties , especially from canister and shrapnel . On May 26 , both sides entrenched , and skirmishing continued throughout the day . At the end of the battle , Confederate Captain Samuel T . Foster reported that 703 Union soldiers had been killed , as well as 350 had been taken prisoner . The next day , the Union army concentrated its efforts in this area towards the northern end of the Confederate line , resulting in the Battle of Pickett ' s Mill . The New Hope Church battlefield is today privately owned and located at the intersection of Bobo Road and Hwy 381 ( Dallas Acworth Hwy ) in Dallas . John Wadsworth Vodrey , son of noted American potter Jabez Vodrey , was killed in the battle while serving with the 46th Pennsylvania Infantry .
Heinrich Henkel Leutnant Heinrich Henkel ( born 11 May 1896 , date of death unknown ) was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories . Heinrich Henkel was born in Hamburg , the German Empire on 11 May 1896 . On 1 September 1914 , Henkel volunteered for military service in Reserve Fusilier Artillery Regiment Nr . 3 . He went into battle with them at Nancy , France , at Antwerp , and at Ypres . On 1 July 1915 , he was transferred to the infantry . He was wounded in action on 25 September 1916 . He was subsequently promoted to the officer ' s ranks as a Leutnant in December 1916 . He volunteered for aviation duty and began training at " Fliegerersatz - Abteilung " ( Replacement Detachment ) 1 in February 1917 . Henkel would also undergo fighter pilot ' s training at Valenciennes , France before joining Jagdstaffel 37 in May 1918 . He scored his first aerial victory on 9 July , and had scored seven more by 31 October 1918 . Three of his eight victories were shot - down observation balloon s , making him a " balloon buster " . Heinrich Henkel survived the war , having won the Iron Cross for his gallantry , but faded into obscurity .
Ulen sword The Ulen Sword is a purported Viking sword found in a field miles west of Ulen , Minnesota , where it is currently on display in the Ulen Historical Museum . However , it bears no resemblance to any sword of known early Medieval provenance and is almost certainly a 19th - century French military sword . The sword was found buried underground by Hans O . Hansen on his farm on April 20 , 1911 . Because of drought , Hansen decided to set his plow blades much deeper than usual , and unearthed the artifact . The blade of the Ulen sword is said to have had a - inch covering of rust , which Hansen polished away . The blade is long ( the end of the sword has been blunted by a hammer or some other instrument ) . The pommel and the thick crossguard are made of brass . The sword ' s crossguard has a design on each side : one side depicts a helmeted soldier , and the reverse is a breastplate covering a dagger and two crossed axes .
Cornelia Fort Cornelia Clark Fort ( Feb 5 , 1919 – Mar 21 1943 ) was an aviator in the Women ' s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron ( WAFS ) later called Women Airforce Service Pilots , who became the first female pilot in American history to die on active duty . Early life and career . Fort was born to a wealthy and prominent Nashville , Tennessee , family ; her father , Rufus Elijah Fort , was a founder of National Life and Accident Insurance Company . She graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in 1939 . After college , Fort joined the Junior League of Nashville . She showed an early interest in flying , ultimately training for and earning her pilot ' s license in Hawaii . Pearl Harbor attack . While working as a civilian pilot instructor at Pearl Harbor , Cornelia Fort inadvertently became one of the first witnesses to the Japan ese Attack on Pearl Harbor that brought the United States into World War II . On December 7 , 1941 , Fort was in the air near Pearl Harbor teaching takeoffs and landings to a student pilot in an Interstate Cadet monoplane . Hers and a few other civilian aircraft were the only U . S . planes in the air near the harbor at that time . Fort saw a military airplane flying directly toward her and swiftly grabbed the controls from her student to pull up over the oncoming craft . It was then she saw the rising sun insignia on the wings . Within moments , she saw billows of black smoke coming from Pearl Harbor and bombers flying in . She quickly landed the plane at John Rodgers civilian airport near the mouth of Pearl Harbor . The pursuing Zero strafed her plane and the runway as she and her student ran for cover . The airport manager was killed and two other civilian planes did not return that morning . Military service . With all civilian flights grounded in Hawaii , Fort returned to the mainland in early 1942 . She made a short movie promoting war bond s that was successful and led to speaking engagements . Later that year , Nancy Love recruited her to serve in the newly established Women ' s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron , precursor to the Women Airforce Service Pilots ( WASP ) . She was the second woman accepted into the service . The WAFS ferried military planes to bases within the United States . Death . Stationed at the 6th Ferrying Group base at Long Beach , California , Cornelia Fort became the first WAFS fatality on March 21 , 1943 when another plane being ferried by a male pilot struck the left wing of the BT - 13 she was ferrying in a mid - air collision ten miles south of Merkel , Texas . At the time of the accident , Cornelia Fort was one of the most accomplished pilots of the WAFS . The footstone of her grave is inscribed , " Killed in the Service of Her Country . " Legacy . Cornelia Fort was portrayed in the film " Tora , Tora , Tora " by Jeff Donnell . The Cornelia Fort Airpark in East Nashville is named after her .
José María de la Cueva , 14th Duke of Albuquerque General José María de la Cueva , 14th Duke of Albuquerque ( 1775 – 1811 ) was a senior Spanish officer in the Peninsular War . Biography . Albuquerque was born on 10 December 1775 and joined the army at the age of 17 . In July 1809 Albuquerque commanded the 2nd Cavalry Division of the Spanish Army of the Centre at the Battle of Talavera . He lost the Battle of Arzobispo ( 8 August 1809 ) . In 1810 , Albuquerque commanded the Army of Estremadura and on the 4 February entered Cadiz with 11 , 000 men ( securing it as a Spanish base ) . He was appointed governor of the city , but he fell out with General Cuesta and resigned . In March 1810 he was appointed Spanish ambassador to the Court of Saint James in London . He died in 1811 and his funeral took place in Westminster Abbey .
Anthony Martin Branch Anthony Martin Branch ( July 16 , 1823 – October 3 , 1867 ) was a Texas politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War . Biography . Branch was born in Buckingham County , Virginia , and later moved to Texas . He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives in 1859 and the Texas Senate in 1861 . During much of the Civil War , Branch served in the Confederate States Army as a captain in Company A the 21st Texas Cavalry ( also known as the 1st Texas Lancers . ) He later represented Texas in the Second Confederate Congress in 1864 and 1865 until the end of the war .
Samoan crisis The Samoan Crisis was a confrontation standoff between the United States , Imperial Germany and Great Britain from 1887 – 1889 over control of the Samoan Islands during the Samoan Civil War . The incident involved three American warships , USS " Vandalia " , USS " Trenton " and USS " Nipsic " and three German warships , SMS " Adler " , SMS " Olga " , and SMS " Eber " , keeping each other at bay over several months in Apia harbour , which was monitored by the British warship HMS " Calliope " . The standoff ended on 15 and 16 March when a cyclone wrecked all six warships in the harbour . " Calliope " was able to escape the harbour and survived the storm . Robert Louis Stevenson witnessed the storm and its aftermath at Apia and later wrote about what he saw . The Samoan Civil War continued , involving Germany , United States and Britain , eventually resulting , via the Tripartite Convention of 1899 , in the partition of the Samoan Islands into American Samoa and German Samoa .
97th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron The 97th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 76th Tactical Reconnaissance Group , stationed at Thermal Army Airfield , California . It was inactivated on 15 April 1944 . History . Operations history . Maintained and repaired aircraft , 1917 - 1918 . Antisubmarine patrols , 18 December 1941 - September 1942 ; trained , and supported ground forces on maneuvers , September 1942 - April 1944 .
Base commander The base commander is the officer assigned to command a military base . In the United States armed forces , a base commander is generally an O - 6 grade officer , meaning Colonel ( Army , Air Force , Marines ) or Captain ( Navy ) . A base commander may be a higher or lower rank , however , depending on the installation . In the US Army , a base commander is called a Post Commander . They sometimes establish a base defense operations center s to provide a focus point for defense operations .
SLNS Jayasagara SLNS " Jayesagara " ( P - 601 ) ( " Jayesagara " , in Sinhalese : Sea of victory ) is an Offshore Patrol Vessel ( OPV ) of the Sri Lanka Navy . It was the lead ship of the locally built Jayasagara class . She served as the flag ship of the fleet in the 1980s and 1990s . Operations . Since joining the Sri Lankan fleet in 1983 , she served as its flag ship and was deployed for patrolling the coastal water around Sri Lanka . Due to this she was attached to the 7th Surveillance Command Squadron . During the Sri Lankan Civil War , Jayesagara was involved in anti arms smuggling patrols and maritime surveillance . In 2004 she took part in a joint naval exercise with the Indian Coast Guard . Since the end of the civil war she has engaged in search and rescue missions in the Indian Ocean .
715th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 715th Infantry Division was a German infantry division which fought during World War II . Composition . As of 1942 , the composition of the 715th Infantry Division was as follows : Unit History . The 715th ( Static ) Infantry Division was activated on May 8 , 1941 , and sent to southwestern France that fall . In late summer 1943 , it took over the Cannes - Nice sector on the Mediterranean coast when elements of the Italian 4th Army returned home . In January 1944 , the 715th was sent to Italy following the allied landings at Anzio and fought there until June , suffering heavy losses when the Allies broke out of the beachhead and took Rome . Sent to the rear , the 715th was rebuilt , largely from troops of the reinforced 1028th Grenadier Regiment and Shadow Division Wildflecken , which it absorbed . The division fought in the Gothic Line battles in September and was transferred to the Adriatic sector soon after . Rebuilt again in February 1945 , it now included the 725th , 735th , and 774th Grenadier Regiments ( two battalions each ) , the 671st Artillery Regiment ( three battalions ) , the 715th Fusilier Battalion , the 715th Engineer Battalion , the 715th Tank Destroyer Battalion , the 715th Signal Company and the 715th Field Replacement Battalion . In early 1945 , it was sent to the 1st Panzer Army on the Eastern Front , fought in Upper Silesia and surrendered to the Soviets in the Tábor - Pisek area of Czechoslovakia on May 2 .
Robert K . Huntington Robert Kingsbury Huntington ( 13 March 1921 – 5 June 1942 ) , was a naval aircrewman and member of Torpedo Squadron 8 ( or VT - 8 ) . Along with his entire squadron , Huntington was shot down during the Battle of Midway , on 4 – 5 June 1942 . Born in Los Angeles , California , enlisted in the United States Navy 21 April 1941 . He served on board " Lexington " ( CV - 2 ) and was rated aviation radioman third class before being transferred to Torpedo Squadron 8 on board " Hornet " ( CV - 8 ) . He received the Distinguished Flying Cross for heroism and extraordinary achievement as rear gunner in a torpedo plane during an attack against enemy Japan ese forces in the Battle of Midway 4 June 1942 . Flying without fighter support and with insufficient fuel to return to their carrier , Huntington and his fellow crewmember pressed home their attack with utter disregard for their own personal safety , in the face of a tremendous antiaircraft barrage and overwhelming fighter opposition . Huntington was one of 29 from Torpedo Squadron 8 who gave their lives in this attack . Namesake . The USS " Robert K . Huntington " ( DD - 781 ) , an " Allen M . Sumner " - class destroyer , was named in his honor . Robert K . Huntington attended The Lakeside School in Seattle Washington in 1940 after transferring from Pasadena College . Lakeside is the same prep school attended by Bill Gates ( ' 73 ) and Paul Allen ( ' 71 ) .
Vasilios Sachinis Vasilios Sachinis ( , 1897 - 1943 ) , was the leader of the Northern Epirote Liberation Front ( MAVI ) ( 1942 – 1943 ) , an organization related to the National Republican Greek League of Napoleon Zervas . Sachinis was born at the villages of Dhuvjan in Dropull area ( south of Gjirokastër ) and became a prosperous businessman in Gjirokastër . During World War II and after the retreat of the Greek army from the area , he became part of the Northern Epirote resistance against the Italian and then the German occupation forces in southern Albania ( Northern Epirus ) ( 1942 – 1943 ) . Finally , he became targeted by Albanian communists , he was tortured and was executed ( November 18 , 1943 ) .
Hans Daumiller Hans Daumiller ( 19 August 1910 – 12 January 1942 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Daumiller died on 12 January 1942 in Roslavl , Russia after an accidental shooting .
François de Wittert François Wittert ( 1571 — 12 June 1610 ) was an admiral in the service of the Dutch republic . François Wittert was born in Rotterdam , the son of Hendrik Adriaenz . Wittert and Volckgen Clementsdr . van Overschie . He descended from a prominent family from Rotterdam , members of which still live there today . He was an officer on the ship " Rotterdam " , part of an expedition of 14 ships that sailed on 17 June 1602 , from Texel under the command of Wybrand van Warwyck , to the East - Indies . His destination was Bantam . Once there , the king of Bantam gave the Dutch permission to build a fort to serve as a Factory ( trading post ) . François Wittert was appointed as its president . He was also the first governor of Bantam from 1603 - 1605 . After his return to the Netherlands , Witters was appointed as vice - admiral of an expedition of 13 ships , that set sail towards East - India on 22 December 1607 under command of admiral Pieter Willemsz . Verhoeven . On the 18th of August , presumably 1608 , Wittert ravaged Mozambique . He arrived at Bantam in 1609 , and went on to erect a lodge on Sulawesi . On 22 May 1609 , admiral Verhoeven was killed by the Bandanese , and Wittert succeeded him as admiral . On 22 June the king of Ternate signed a favourable agreement with him . On 22 September Wittert sailed to the Philippines , where he landed on the island Mortir , which he named Nassau , before he sailed for Manila to do battle with the Spanish there in order to remove the Moluccas from Spanish authority . He was able to capture 23 merchants vessels , winning a huge amount of plunder , but he was ambushed in Manila by a superior force on 23 April 1610 , and killed . His base of operations was an island called " Islas Hermanas " near Manila , also called Witterts island . This island was a future point of operations for Dutch expeditions .
William Ward , 3rd Earl of Dudley William Humble Eric Ward , 3rd Earl of Dudley , MC ( 30 January 1894 – 26 December 1969 ) , known as Viscount Ednam until 1932 , was a British Conservative politician . Background and education . Lord Dudley was the eldest son of William Ward , 2nd Earl of Dudley , and his wife Rachel ( née Gurney ) . George Ward , 1st Viscount Ward of Witley , was his younger brother . He was educated at Eton . Military service . Dudley was commissioned into the Worcestershire Yeomanry in 1912 . In 1914 he transferred to the regular 10th Hussars . He was promoted Lieutenant in 1915 and ended the First World War as a Captain . Political career . Dudley sat as Member of Parliament for Hornsey from 1921 to 1924 and for Wednesbury from 1931 to 1932 and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Under - Secretary of State for India , Lord Winterton , between 1922 and 1924 . He also held the honorary post of High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1930 . Family . Dudley married firstly Lady Rosemary Millicent Sutherland - Leveson - Gower ( 9 August 1893 - 21 July 1930 ) , younger but only surviving daughter of Cromartie Sutherland - Leveson - Gower , 4th Duke of Sutherland , on 8 March 1919 . She died in a plane crash in 1930 , aged 36 ; she was survived by two of her three sons . Ward married secondly Laura Charteris ( 1915 – 1990 ) , daughter of the Honourable Guy Lawrence Charteris and former wife of Walter Long , 2nd Viscount Long , on 25 February 1943 . The marriage was childless and they were divorced in 1954 . Laura went on to marry the 10th Duke of Marlborough shortly before his death , and died in 1990 . Dudley married thirdly Grace Maria Radziwill née Kolin ( born 11 January 1923 ) , daughter of Michael Kolin and Anna Tironi and former wife of Prince Stanislaus Radziwill , in 1961 . This marriage was also childless . He is said to have fathered a daughter in 1923 with the aristocrat and socialite Venetia Stanley , although the legal father was her husband Edwin Samuel Montagu . This child grew up to befriend Princess Margaret during World War II and marry the American photographer Milton Gendel , with whom she created an artistic salon in Italy . Dudley died in December 1969 , aged 75 , and was succeeded by his eldest son William . His second son the Honourable John Jeremy Ward , born on 7 May 1922 , died an infant on 9 December 1929 . His third but younger surviving son the Honourable Peter Alistair Ward ( 8 February 1926 - 24 March 2008 ) married firstly on 21 November 1956 and divorced Claire Leonora Baring ( born 29 February 1936 ) , paternal granddaughter of Guy Baring . They had several children including the actress and environmentalist Tracy Louise Ward .
Iron Triangle ( Korea ) The Iron Triangle was a key communist Chinese and North Korean concentration area and communications junction during the Korean War , located in the central sector between Cheorwon and Gimhwa - eup in the south and Pyonggang in the north . The area was located 20 to 30 miles ( 30 to 50 kilometres ) above the 38th parallel in the diagonal corridor dividing the Taebaek Mountains into northern and southern ranges and contained the major road and rail links between the port of Wonsan in the northeast and Seoul in the southwest . During the war the area was the scene of heavy fighting between the Chinese People ' s Volunteer Army and the US Eighth Army during the Battle of White Horse and the Battle of Triangle Hill in October – November 1952 . The Battle of Pork Chop Hill in March – July 1953 took place to the west of the Iron Triangle . This complex was eventually named the ' Iron Triangle ' by newsmen searching for a dramatic term . Today , the region straddles the Demilitarized Zone .
Strategic victory A strategic victory is a victory that brings long - term advantage to the victor and disturbs the enemy ' s ability to wage a war . When a historian speaks of a victory in general , it is usually referring to a strategic victory . For example , during the American Civil War , Union and Confederate armies fought each other at the Battle of Antietam . The battle was tactically inconclusive . Both armies suffered about the same amount of casualties , however it brought the Confederate invasion of Maryland to a halt , and caused Britain and France to abandon plans to potentially recognize the Confederacy as a legitimate government . By preventing these events which would have seriously damaged the Union cause in a wider sense , the battle is therefore generally recognized as a strategic victory for the Union forces .
John E . Pitts , Jr . John Emmett Pitts , Jr . ( November 7 , 1924 – August 9 , 1977 ) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force and was director of the International Staff of the Inter - American Defense Board . Pitts was born in Auburn , Alabama , the son of John E . " Boozer " and Martha Pitts , and attended Auburn High School and The Citadel . While at The Citadel , he was called to active duty for service in World War II . Two months after entering the service , he was appointed a cadet at the United States Military Academy . He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army Air Corps in 1946 . In 1951 , Pitts served with the 136th Tactical Fighter Group in the Korean War , flying 100 missions in the F - 84 Thunderjet fighter - bomber aircraft and receiving the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with oak leaf cluster . In 1952 , he was a flight commander of the first mass flight of tactical fighter aircraft across the Pacific Ocean . Pitts attended the Armed Forces Staff College in 1960 and the Army War College in 1966 . In 1967 , he began his service in the Vietnam War serving as director of the Air Force Third Corps Direct Air Support Center at Bien Hoa Air Base . From 1968 through 1971 , Pitts served as deputy commandant of cadets for military instruction at the United States Air Force Academy . Later , he became commander of the Air Force Officer Training School , and , in 1972 , vice commander of the Lackland Air Force Base . In 1974 , Pitts became director of the International Staff of the Inter - American Defense Board , a position at which he served the remainder of his career . Pitts died on August 9 , 1977 . Decorations . From the Republic of Vietnam :
Bonne Citoyenne - class corvette The four Bonne Citoyenne - class corvettes were built to a design by Raymond - Antoine Hasan . All members of the class were flush - decked , but with a long topgallant forecastle . The corvettes were launched between 1794 and 1796 , and the Royal Navy captured all four between 1796 and 1798 . After the Royal Navy captured " Bonne Citoyenne " , the Admiralty used her lines as the basis for the " Hermes " - class post ships .