naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ink Flag The Ink Flag ( , " Degel HaDyo " ) was a handmade Israeli flag raised during the 1948 Arab – Israeli War to mark the capture of Eilat . On March 5 , 1949 , Israel launched Operation Ovda , the last military maneuver of the war . On March 10 , the Israeli Defense Forces reached the shores of the Red Sea at Umm Rashrash , west of Aqaba ( the biblical Elath ) , and captured it without a battle . The Negev Brigade and Golani Brigade took part in the operation . To symbolize their victory , they raised a makeshift flag created from a white sheet and a bottle of ink . The improvised flag was made on the order of Negev Brigade commander Nahum Sarig , when it was discovered that the Brigade did not have an Israeli flag on hand . The soldiers found a sheet , drew two ink stripes , and sewed on a Star of David torn off a first - aid kit . In Eilat , a bronze sculpture by Israeli sculptor Bernard Reder commemorates the event . The photo of the raising of the Ink Flag , taken by the soldier Micha Perry , bears resemblance to the raising of the American flag at Iwo Jima .
36th Special Aviation Regiment The 36 Specjalny Pułk Lotnictwa Transportowego 36 SPLT ( ) was a special aviation regiment of the Siły Powietrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej , established in 1945 . All of its aircraft were for national public use , the most important being transport of Polish politicians and MON highest officials & forces commanders . It was headquartered at the 1st Air Base at Warsaw Frédéric Chopin Airport ( formerly Okęcie ) . Between 1947 and 1974 it operated as " Special Air Regiment " , earlier as " Government Transport Squadron " . On 4 August 2011 , the regiment was disbanded by the Polish Minister of National Defence , since then all Polish government officials have been flying civil aircraft owned by LOT Polish Airlines , mainly two Embraer 175 operated exclusively for government . The regiment officially ceased to exist on 31 December 2011 , however the 1st Air Transport Base continues to transport government VIPs by helicopter . Equipment in 2011 . Previously operated transport aircraft including Lisunov Li - 2 , Ilyushin Il - 14 , Antonov An - 24 and Tupolev Tu - 134 .
Kurt Nöbel Kurt Nöbel ( 15 February 1917 – 3 February 2000 ) was a highly decorated Wachtmeister in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Henry Gray Turner Henry Gray Turner ( March 20 , 1839 – June 9 , 1904 ) was an American politician , teacher , jurist and soldier . Biography . Turner was born near Henderson , North Carolina . He attended the University of Virginia ( UVA ) in Charlottesville in 1857 before moving to Brooks County , Georgia , in 1859 to teach school . During the American Civil War , Turner enlisted as a private in the Confederate States Army and eventually rose to the rank of captain . After the war , he studied law , gained admittance to the state bar in 1865 and began practicing law in Quitman , Georgia . In 1874 , Turner was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in the $ 3 and served in that capacity until 1876 . He also served as a delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention . After two more terms in 1878 and 1879 in the state house , Turner was elected to the 47th United States Congress as a Democratic Representative . He was re - elected to Congress for seven additional terms until deciding not to run in 1896 . After his political service , Turner returned to his law practice in Quitman . In 1903 , he was appointed as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia . Turner died the next year in Raleigh , North Carolina and was buried in West End Cemetery in Quitman . Turner County , Georgia is named in his honor .
John James Clements John James Clements VC ( Middelburg , Cape Colony 19 June 1872 – 18 June 1937 ) was a South African recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Clements was 28 years old , and a corporal in Rimington ' s Guides , South African Forces during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : Clements later achieved the rank of Sergeant serving in World War I .
Squib load A squib load , also known as a squib round , pop and no kick , or just a squib , is a firearm s malfunction in which a fired projectile does not have enough force behind it to exit the barrel , and thus becomes stuck . This type of malfunction can be extremely dangerous , as failing to notice that the projectile has become stuck in the barrel may result in another round being fired directly into the obstructed barrel , resulting in a catastrophic failure of the weapon ' s structural integrity . Causes . Squib rounds are possible in all black powder and smokeless powder based projectile weapons . They are most often caused by negligence in the powder loading process ( insufficient or no powder load ) , or a failure of the primer to ignite the powder at all . While this occurs most often because of handloading by inexperienced reloaders , squib loads are known to occur even in reputable factory brands . Other causes include deformed bullets and attempting to fire a bullet which is slightly too large for the barrel , although both of these scenarios would more likely result in some variety of catastrophic failure instead of a squib . Diagnosis . Signs that a squib round has occurred include : a much quieter or otherwise unusual - sounding discharge noise , lighter or nonexistent felt recoil force , discharge of smoke from the ejection port instead of the barrel , and a failure of the action to cycle ( in semi - automatic firearms ) . That is why it is also referred to as " pop and no kick " .
Jill Stevens Jill Stevens is Miss Utah 2007 . She was chosen as Miss Southern Utah University and Miss Davis County . She is a combat medic in the Utah Army National Guard and served as a medic during an 18 - month tour in Afghanistan in 2004 - 2005 supporting Operation Enduring Freedom . A member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints , Stevens grew up in Utah ' s Davis County . Her mother is a member of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir . Stevens joined the Army National Guard six months before 9 / 11 . In November 2003 , Jill was deployed to Afghanistan , returning home in April 2005 . She has earned 5 medals for her outstanding service , and was the first female finisher of the inaugural Afghanistan Marathon , making a total of 12 marathons she has completed together with earning the highest Fitness award during Army Basic Training . In representing the Army National Guard , Sergeant Stevens recently addressed Generals from 40 different nations gathered at Hill Air Force Base . In addition to her U . S . military service , Jill graduated summa cum laude from the Nursing program at Southern Utah University on a four - year leadership scholarship . She placed 3rd in the Cinco De Mayo Sailboat Regatta in Mexico as well as being chosen one of four women for the " Women of Strength " featured in Muscle & Fitness Hers magazine September / October 2007 issue . Additionally , Jill has been a fitness instructor for Gold ' s Gym for several years , as well as a bread baker for Great Harvest . Possibly one of her most unusual experiences was her unexpected experience in becoming Miss Utah 2007 and subsequent competition in the Miss America Pageant in January 2008 . On January 26 , 2008 , Sgt Stevens was named the " America ' s Choice " semi - finalist in the Miss America 2008 pageant . This was the first time a 16th semi - finalist was named in the competition , and the only semi - finalist not to be selected by the judges . Jill was eliminated after the swimsuit competition along with five other semi - finalists . She was the only contestant to wear a one - piece swimsuit . When her name was announced she dropped to the stage and started doing push - ups . Stevens has now joined the MormonTimes . com racing team . Jill married Kerry Shepherd in January 2009 .
74th ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot The 74th ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment . During the Childers Reforms it was united with the 71st ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot to form the Highland Light Infantry . Service history . The 74th was raised in 1787 by Archibald Campbell , their first colonel , and known as Campbell ' s Highlanders . It first saw action in India during the Mysore campaign of 1789 , fighting at Bangalore and Seringapatam . It subsequently saw action under Arthur Wellesley in the Mahratta War of 1802 ; it also fought at Assaye in 1803 . Returning to Europe , it served under Wellington again in the Peninsular campaign , and fought at Busaco , Fuentes d ' Onor , ( both sieges of Badajoz ) , also the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo , Salamanca , Vittoria , Nivelles , Tarbes , Orthe , and Toulouse . It was then sent to garrison Ireland , and so missed the Battle of Waterloo , although it was on its way to embark for Belgium when news of the battle arrived . It remained in Ireland until 1818 , it was then in Canada and New Brunswick until 1828 , Bermuda for a year , and in Ireland again from 1830 to 1834 . Later in the 1830s and into the 1840s , the 74th was stationed in St . Lucia , Barbados and other islands in the West Indies ; its personnel keeping remarkably healthy apart from one outbreak of fever and dysentery . Without coming home again , it then went to Quebec in Canada . The 74th came back to Britain from Canada in March 1845 with a dreadful disembarkation from the open roadstead at Deal . Later that year it became the 74th ( Highland ) Regiment . It had served for its first fifteen years in India , where the kilt was considered too heavy , and although the soldiers resumed wearing it on returning to Scotland in 1806 , they had lost their Highland dress in 1809 , and the name “ Highland ” in 1816 . However the commanding officer , Colonel Eyre J . Crabbe , who was about to retire after 38 years continuous service with the regiment , was able to assure the Commander - in - Chief , the Duke of Wellington , " that throughout the varied services and changes of so many years , a strong national feeling , and a connection with Scotland by recruiting , had been constantly maintained . " The regiment then served in the Kaffir War and in the Sepoy Rebellion . In 1852 the regiment was involved in the HMS " Birkenhead " disaster ; under their commander , Lieutenant Colonel Seaton and with men of the 73rd regiment . They followed what became known as the " Birkenhead " Drill , enabling women and children on board to be saved . In 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms , the 74th amalgamated with the 71st ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot to become the 2nd battalion , Highland Light Infantry . In Popular Media . In Bernard Cornwell ' s series of historical fiction novels , the protagonist , Richard Sharpe , serves in the 74th during the end of the Mahratta War after being promoted to the rank of Ensign .
Battle of Burkersdorf The Battle of Burkersdorf was a battle fought on July 21 , 1762 during the Seven Years ' War . A Prussia n army of 40 , 000 men fought an Austrian army of around 30 , 000 men . After the death of Elizabeth of Russia , czarina of Russia , her nephew Peter III came to the throne . Peter was a great admirer of Frederick the Great and all things Prussian , and Frederick used this to his advantage . Peter promptly withdrew his army from the war , abandoned Russian - occupied East Prussia , and signed a treaty of peace with Frederick . Peter then sent a force to aid the Prussian army in the campaign against the Austrians . Peter ' s reign was short - lived , however , as his wife Catherine the Great seized the throne , and he died shortly afterwards . Catherine withdrew from the war and sent orders for Count Zakhar Tchernyshov aiding the Prussians to withdraw . Seeing the necessity of quick action , Frederick convinced the Russian general to stay for a few more days , not to take part in the battle , but to be a force acting on the Austrian general ' s decisions . Frederick attacked and won , and the Russian force returned home . References . http : / / www . britishbattles . com / frederick / battle - burkersdorf . htm
Valerius Comazon Eutychianus Publius Valerius Comazon Eutychianus ( died 222 ) was a Roman general and ally of emperor Elagabalus . Upon the accession of Macrinus as emperor in 217 , Eutychianus orchestrated a revolt among the Third Legion to help secure the throne for Elagabalus , who was tied to the Severan dynasty . Eutychianus was later rewarded with various important offices in the Empire , including prefect of Elagabalus ' bodyguard , known as the Praetorian Guard , consul in 220 and an unprecedented three terms as City prefect in 220 , 221 and 222 . Elagabalus proved to be a highly unpopular ruler , and after barely four years in office , he was murdered by members of the Praetorian Guard who proclaimed his cousin Alexander Severus emperor in his place . Eutychianus was among those who were hunted down and killed by the Praetorians in the aftermath of Elagabalus ' murder .
FAMAE SAF The FAMAE SAF is a Chilean machine pistol produced , since 1996 , by FAMAE , a Chilean government small arms factory . Besides Chilean Military and law - enforcement , the FAMAE SAF is also used by Portugal . The FAMAE SAF is blowback , closed bolt operated . It is based on the Swiss assault rifle SIG SG 540 , made under licence by FAMAE since 1980 . Basically the FAMAE SAF is a smaller SG 540 with a different bolt . Description . The S . A . F . SMG was developed and is manufactured by Chilean company FAMAE . The S . A . F . design is based on SIG SG 540 assault rifle , designed in Swiss and manufactured in Chile by FAMAE under license from SIG , the S . A . F . SMG is in service with Chilean Armed Forces and Police . Technically , the S . A . F . is a recoil operated select fire gun , firing from closed bolt . The triger / hammer group and floating firing pin design is similar to SIG 540 , but the bolt is of new design . The receiver is similar in design to SIG 540 , and is of folding type ( upper and lower receivers are assembled by two steel pins , much like the M16 receiver does ) . The S . A . F . has ambidextrous safety / fire selector switch with four settings - safe , single shot , 3 round bursts and full auto . S . A . F . SMGs are manufactured with side - folding or fixed polymer buttstocks . Silenced version , with folding buttstock and integral silencer is available for special forces use . S . A . F . has post front sight , ajustable wor elevation , and aperture rear sight , ajustable for windage . S . A . F . uses 20 or 30 rounds magazines made from transluscent polymer . Magazines had special studs and slots that allowed two or more magazines to be clipped together for quicker magazine change .
John Davis ( Medal of Honor , 1878 ) John Davis ( October 28 , 1878 - June 9 , 1970 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Davis was born October 28 , 1878 in Germany , and after entering the navy he was sent as a Gunner ' s Mate Third Class to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Marblehead . He was the last living recipient of the Medal of Honor from the Spanish - American war when he died June 9 , 1970 at the age of 92 . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia and his grave can be found in section 11 , lot 639 - SS . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Gunner ' s Mate Third Class , U . S . Navy . Place and date : On board U . S . S . Marblehead at Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Entered service at : New York , N . Y . Born : 28 October 1878 , Germany . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Marblehead , during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Davis set an example of extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
Kraków Barbican The Kraków Barbican ( ) is a barbican – a fortified outpost once connected to the city walls . It is a historic gateway leading into the Old Town of Kraków , Poland . The barbican is one of the few remaining relics of the complex network of fortifications and defensive barriers that once encircled the royal city of Kraków in the south of Poland . It currently serves as a tourist attraction and venue for a variety of exhibitions . History . The Gothic - style barbican , built around 1498 , is one of only three such fortified outposts still surviving in Europe , and the best preserved . It is a moated cylindrical brick structure with an inner courtyard 24 . 4 meters in diameter , and seven turrets . Its 3 - meter - thick walls hold 130 embrasure s . The barbican was originally linked to the city walls by a covered passageway that led through St . Florian ' s Gate and served as a checkpoint for all who entered the city . On its eastern wall , a tablet commemorates the feat of a Kraków burgher , Marcin Oracewicz , who , during the Bar Confederation , defended the town against the Russians and shot their Colonel Panin . Masterpiece of medieval military engineering , with its circular fortress , was added to the city ' s fortifications along the coronation route in the late 15th century .
Brandenburg Navy The Brandenburg Navy was the navy of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in Germany from the 16th century to 1701 , when it became part of the Prussian Navy . The Navy was originally assembled as the Hohenzollern rulers of Brandenburg began to increase in importance and to desire the prestige and security of having a suitable naval defence force . During the 17th century , the navy was of great use in numerous battles in the Baltic Sea , and it also served the interests of Brandenburg ' s colonies in Africa ( specifically the Brandenburger Gold Coast ) and the Caribbean . By the year 1680 , the Brandenburg Navy had almost thirty active warship s . These ships were used primarily to secure control over hostile trade routes and maritime trading , as blockades and to provide naval defence , and to also provide reinforcement on various military operation s , which would frequently involve engagements with unfriendly warships . In 1682 , Frederick William , the prince - elector of Brandenburg , who was intensely involved in the navy ' s affairs , secured the navy a base at Greetsiel , but they shifted to Emden a year later . Frederick William died in 1688 , and his descendants took no interest in the Brandenburg Navy . Frederick III and his grandson Frederick the Great recognized that they could never compete directly with the great maritime powers and concentrated instead on building the best army in Europe while maintaining good relations with naval powers such as Denmark and the Netherlands . The overseas colonies were eventually sold to the Dutch in 1721 . In 1701 , Frederick was crowned King in Prussia , marking a shift from Brandenburg to Prussia as the most important Hohenzollern realm . The Brandenburg Navy was consequently merged into the Prussian Navy that year . Ships in the Brandenburg Navy . List of ships in the Brandenburg Navy :
Walter M . Carlaw Captain Walter Macfarlane Carlaw DFC was a Scottish - born flying ace who served during World War I . He was credited with 12 confirmed aerial victories . Early life . Walter Macfarlane Carlaw was the son of Walter and Jeannie Carlaw of Blythwood in Glasgow , Scotland . World War I . Carlaw was posted to 70 Squadron in early 1918 . His first success came three days after his nineteenth birthday , on 11 March 1918 ; he was one of four pilots credited with destroying a German observation balloon over Menen , Belgium . He shared the win with Frank Granger Quigley , Alfred Michael Koch , and Kenneth Seth - Smith . The following day , 12 March 1918 , he singlehandedly drove down an Albatros D . V out of control . By the time he next scored , on 29 July 1918 , he had been appointed Flight Commander . His destruction that day of an Albatros D . VII began a string of ten triumphs over the new advanced German fighter plane . By the time he ended his tally on 14 October 1918 , he had destroyed seven Fokker D . VIIs and driven down three others out of control . Carlaw was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross , which was gazetted after the war ' s end , on 3 December 1918 . World War II . Carlaw returned to the colors during World War II , being commissioned into the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve on 28 November 1941 . Citation of award for Distinguished Flying Cross . A bold and skilful fighter who has accounted for five enemy machines — two in one engagement , which occurred on 31 July .
Carrowkennedy ambush The Carrowkennedy Ambush was an ambush carried out by the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) on 2 June 1921 , during the Irish War of Independence . It took place at Carrowkennedy , County Mayo . The ambush was organized by Major General Michael Kilroy , later Commandant of the 4th Western Battalion of the IRA . He and his flying column of 33 volunteers took up position between Widow Sammon ’ s House and that of Widow McGreal in Carrowkennedy and awaited a Royal Irish Constabulary patrol . When a unit of Black and Tans arrived , the volunteers opened fire . Seven of the British side were killed outright or died of their wounds and sixteen surrendered . A large number of weapons were seized . The Black and Tans who surrendered were not killed , even though this policy had been endorsed by IRA General Headquarters due to the terror and mayhem they inflicted on civilians . Many of the local people went into hiding to avoid the retribution of the Tans . The IRA volunteers escaped arrest by sheltering in safe house s . References . http : / / www . carrowkennedyns . com / ambush . htm
21st Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call sign was the . History . The 21st Division was raised in 1938 in Kanazawa , and was initially assigned to the Japanese 12th Army which was engaged in counter - insurgency in Northern China . Whilst in Northern China it took part in the Battle of South Shanxi , and fought against the Hundred Regiments Offensive . In 1942 it took part in the Philippines Campaign , landing at Lingayen Gulf on 26 February 1942 . After the completion of the campaign in the Philippines , it was then shipped to Vietnam , where it served as the garrison for Hanoi under the Japanese 38th Army , and was used to crush the French in the Second French Indochina Campaign .
Make and mend Make and mend is the term used in the Navy ( notably Commonwealth of Nations navies ) for an " afternoon off " . It is derived from the time of sailing ships when sailors would , occasionally but regularly , be allowed time to " make and mend " their uniform s , which were not then supplied by the Royal Navy . Some sailors were , nevertheless , " on watch " to work ( sail ) the ship . The designated watch of sailors were still required to " turn to " if the ship ' s officers had to change the arrangement of the sails or rigging . This afternoon off was often on Sunday . However , this time off was not a designated " holy day " .