naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tropaeum Traiani The Tropaeum Traiani is a monument in Roman Civitas Tropaensium ( site of modern Adamclisi , Romania ) , built in 109 in then Moesia Inferior , to commemorate Roman Emperor Trajan ' s victory over the Dacians , in 102 , in the Battle of Tapae . Before Trajan ' s construction , an altar existed there , on the walls of which were inscribed the names of the 3 , 000 legionaries and auxilia ( servicemen ) who had died " fighting for the Republic " . ( Latin : Tropaeum from Greek : Tropaion , source of English : " trophy " ) . Trajan ' s monument was inspired by the Augustus mausoleum , and was dedicated to the god Mars Ultor in 107 / 108 AD . On the monument there were 54 metopes depicting Roman legions fighting against enemies ; most of these metopes are preserved in the museum nearby . The monument was supposed to be a warning to the tribes outside this newly conquered province . By the 20th century , the monument was reduced to a mound of stone and mortar , with a large number of the original bas - reliefs scattered around . The present edifice is a reconstruction dating from 1977 . The nearby museum contains many archaeological objects , including parts of the original Roman monument . Of the original 54 metopes , 48 are in the museum and 1 is in Istanbul . Trophy . The monument was decorated with a large inscription dedicated to Mars Ultor ( the avenger ) . The inscription has been preserved fragmentarily from two sides of the trophy hexagone , so it could be reconstructed as follows : MARTI ULTOR [ I ] < br > IM [ P ( erator ) CAES ] AR DIVI < br > NERVA [ E ] F ( ILIUS ) N [ E ] RVA < br > TRA ] IANUS [ AUG ( USTUS ) GERM ( ANICUS ) ] < br > DAC ] I [ CU ] S PONT ( IFEX ) MAX ( IMUS ) < br > TRIB ( UNICIA ) POTEST ( ATE ) XIII < br > IMP ( ERATOR ) VI CO ( N ) S ( UL ) V P ( ater ) P ( atriae ) < br > ? VICTO EXERC ] ITU D [ ACORUM ] < br > ? - - - - ET SARMATA ] RUM < br > The inscription from the main monument can be translated in this way : " To Mars , the avenger , Caesar the emperor , son of divine Nerva , Nerva Trajan , Augustus , who defeated the Germans , the Dacians , great priest , for the 13th time tribune of the plebeians , proclaimed emperor by the army for the 6th time , elected consul for the 5th time , father of our homeland , after defeating the Dacian and the Sarmatian armies . " Metopes . On the monument was a frieze comprising 54 metopes . 48 metopes are hosted in the Adamclisi museum nearby , and one metope is hosted by Istanbul Archaeology Museum , the rest having been lost ( There is a reference from Giurescu that two of them fell into Danube River during the transport to Bucharest ) . Legionaries Memorial . " " in honorem et in memoriam fortissimorum virorum qui pugnantes pro republica morte occubuerunt " " 1977 Reconstruction . The monument was restored based on a hypothetical reconstruction in 1977 . Civitas Tropaensium . The name of the site was given after the monument , the ancient name of the city is unknown .
David L . Cockley First Lieutenant David L . Cockley ( June 8 , 1843 to December 26 , 1901 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Cockley received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Waynesboro in Georgia on 4 December 1864 . He was honored with the award on 2 August 1897 . Biography . Cockley was born in Lexington , Ohio on 8 June 1843 . He enlisted into the 10th Ohio Cavalry . He died on 26 December 1901 and his remains are interred at the Shelby - Oakland Cemetery in Shelby , Ohio .
Albert Marshall ( veteran ) Albert Elliot " Smiler " Marshall ( March 15 , 1897 in Elmstead Market , Essex - May 16 , 2005 in Ashtead , Surrey ) was a British veteran of the First World War and the last surviving British cavalry man to have seen battle on the Western Front . Joining up with the Essex Yeomanry in 1915 , at the age of 17 , after lying about his age , he took part in his first major battle at Loos in the same year . In March 1917 , " Smiler " was shot in the hand and sent back home . On his return , he joined the Machine Gun Corps . He then fought at Cambrai . Later , he was captured by the Germans , but freed because they were short of rations . After the war , he volunteered for duty in Ireland , and was stationed near Dublin . After being demobbed in 1921 , he married Florence , with whom he had five children . He was survived by one son , 12 grandchildren , 24 great - grandchildren and four great - great - grandchildren on his death in May 2005 at the age of 108 . In the final decade of his life , " Smiler " was awarded the Légion d ' honneur , appeared on numerous TV shows , attended the veterans ' party at Buckingham Palace and took part in three pilgrimages to battlefields of the war , including one to mark the 80th anniversary of the Third Battle of Ypres . His nickname " Smiler " came about because he threw a snowball at a drill sergeant who threatened to " give him something to smile about " . This happened during his basic training at Stanway . Whilst doing physical jerks ( the rest are his own words ) " Sergeant Beavis of Clacton - on - Sea said ' Trunk forward , bend ! ' , I bent down , and I was a bit of a lad - threw a snowball at the row in front and it hit a chap up the behind . He jumped up , and so did two or three of the others . ' Ah ! Very funny ! very funny indeed !
31st Mechanized Infantry Regiment " Asturias " The 31st Mechanized Infantry Regiment " Asturias " ( Spanish : " Regimiento de Infantería Mecanizada " Asturias " nº 31 " ) is an mechanized infantry unit in the Spanish Army . It was created in the autonomous region of Asturias on July 6 , 1703 . Its first commander was Álvaro Navia Osorio y Vigil , Viscount of Puerto de Vega and Marquis de Santa Cruz de Marcenado . The regiment initially consisted of 600 men . It was also known as " El Cangrejo " ( " The Crab " ) , a name which it obtained following the campaign in Roussillon from 1793 to 1795 , during which it never retreated . The patron saint of the regiment was Our Lady of Covadonga .
Ali Gazi Ali Gazi was a ruler of the Bornu Empire . Prior to his reign , the Sefuwa ruling house had split into two ruling branches . The result was palace intrigues and internal strife . He consolidated his reign by killing the candidate from a rival house and restricting opposition from challengers . Ali Gazi later took on the Bulala nomads , who had driven out his people from Kanem during the decline of the Kanem Empire . He defeated them and re - captured the old Kanem capital , Njimi . He also founded a new capital at Birni Gazargamu .
Cyril Fuller Admiral Sir Cyril Thomas Moulden Fuller KCB CMG DSO ( 1874 – 1942 ) was a senior Royal Navy officer who went on to be Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel . Naval career . Fuller joined the Royal Navy in 1887 . He served in World War I as Senior Naval Officer for the Togoland and Cameroons expedition forces in 1914 and then successively commanded the cruisers HMS " Cumberland " , HMS " Challenger " and " HMS Astraea " . He commanded battlecruiser HMS " Repulse " from 1916 and then became Director of Naval Plans at the Admiralty in 1917 . He was Head of the British Naval Section at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919 . After the War he became Chief of Staff for the Atlantic Fleet in 1920 and Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1922 . He was made Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in 1923 and given command of the Battlecruiser Squadron in 1925 . He was appointed Commander - in - Chief of the America and West Indies Station in 1928 and Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1930 . He retired in 1935 . During World War II he was Zone commander for the North Riding of Yorkshire Home Guard . Family . In 1902 he married Edith Margaret Connell .
John Rannahan John Rannahan ( 1836 – unknown ) was a corporal in the U . S . Marine Corps stationed aboard the during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Emigrating from his native Ireland , Rannahan volunteered for service in the U . S . Marine Corps in 1861 and was assigned to the Union frigate . His enlistment is credited to the state of Pennsylvania . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Rannahan was one of nine crewmen from the USS " Minnesota " who received the Medal of Honor for their actions in this battle . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal John Rannahan , United States Marine Corps , for extraordinary heroism in action on board the U . S . S . " Minnesota " in the assault on Fort Fisher , 15 January 1865 . Landing on the beach with the assaulting party from his ship , Corporal Rannahan advanced to the top of the sand hill and partly through the breach in the palisades despite enemy fire which killed or wounded many officers and men . When more than two - thirds of the men became seized with panic and retreated on the run , he remained with the party until dark when it came safely away , bringing its wounded , its arms and its colors . General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : January 15 , 1865 Service : Marine Corps Rank : Corporal Division : U . S . S . " Minnesota "
Archibald Rowlands Sir Archibald Rowlands GCB MBE ( 26 December 1892 – 18 August 1953 ) was a British civil servant . After serving as private secretary to three Secretaries of State for War , he was Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Air Production during the Second World War . He then worked in India and later acted as a special advisor to Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the Governor - General of Pakistan . Rowlands was born on 26 December 1892 and went to school in Penarth . He then studied at the University of Wales , obtaining a first - class degree in modern languages in 1914 . He then studied at Jesus College , Oxford , with his university career being interrupted for three years during the First World War , during which he saw action as a captain in the Army Cyclist Corps ; he was mentioned in dispatches and was awarded the Military MBE . In 1920 , he joined the War Office as a member of the civil service , serving as private secretary to Sir Herbert Creedy , Secretary at the War Office , and then as private secretary to Viscount Hailsham , Viscount Halifax and Duff Cooper , who were successively the Secretary of State for War ; Hailsham used to declare that Rowlands was the ideal private secretary . In 1936 , Rowlands was seconded to the Indian Government as Adviser on Military Finance , before returning in 1939 Deputy Under - Secretary at the Air Ministry , then becoming Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Air Production in 1940 . His work in the Ministry of Air Production was followed in 1943 by a return to India as adviser to the Viceroy on war administration , supervising various British government branches that had been moved to India during the war . He became Finance Member of the Governor - General ' s Executive Council . He was also chairman of the committee that reported into the administration of the province of Bengal , making various recommendations for improvement . In 1946 , he left India to become Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Supply , succeeding Oliver Franks . However , he stayed about a year in this position before being seconded as a special advisor to Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the Governor - General of Pakistan . He proposed removing levels of provincial administration to allow the unification of government in Karachi . His obituary in " The Times " said of his work in India and Pakistan that " he showed a vision and judgment which was little short of miraculous in the trying latter days of British rule and in the early days of native rule in the sub - continent . Industry and energy he had in abundance , yet these would have availed him little if there had not been a touch of genius in a mind at once penetrating and kindly – a rare combination . " After his year in Pakistan was over , he returned to the Ministry of Supply and was also a member of the Economic Planning Board . He was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath in 1941 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1947 . He retired at the age of 60 and became a member of the board of Express Newspapers . He died in Henley - on - Thames on 18 August 1953 .
James Upton James Upton VC ( 3 May 1888 – 10 August 1949 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 27 years old , and a corporal in the 1st Battalion , The Sherwood Foresters ( The Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment ) , British Army during the First World War at the battle of Aubers Ridge when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 9 May 1915 at Rouges Bancs , France , Corporal Upton rescued the wounded while exposed to rifle and artillery fire , going close to the enemy ' s parapet . One wounded man was killed by a shell while the corporal was carrying him . When not actually carrying the wounded he was engaged in dressing and bandaging the serious cases in front of our parapet . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Sherwood Foresters Museum , The Castle , Nottingham , England .
Moniack Castle Moniack Castle is a 16th - century tower house located west of Inverness , and just south of Beauly in Highland , Scotland . The castle was built in 1580 by members of the Clan Fraser . Today the castle grounds comprise a winery , which is still owned and operated by Frasers . The castle is protected as a category B listed building . The L - plan castle has been altered many times since its construction . The crenellated parapet was added in 1804 and the castle was extended in the 1830s . The interiors include a Roman Catholic chapel . In the grounds of the castle is the Balblair Stone , a Pict ish symbol stone , carved with the figure of a man , which was moved here from Kilmorack in 1903 . Moniack Castle is the only castle that still belongs to a branch of the Lovat Fraser s . This branch is known as the Moniack Frasers and is the largest off - shoot of the clan . It consists of over 150 descendants from the Hon . Alastair Fraser and Lady Sybil ( née Grimstone ) . Alastair was given the castle by his elder brother , Simon Fraser , 14th Lord Lovat , in 1926 . The castle is occupied by the chief of the Moniack Frasers , Rory Fraser , known as " Moniack " , and his family . Since 1978 the family have run a winery from the castle .
4722d Defense Group The 4722d Defense Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was assigned to the 27th Air Division , stationed at George Air Force Base , California . It was inactivated on 31 July 1958 . This command and control organization was activated on 1 December 1956 for the ADC interceptor squadrons assigned to George AFB , California . It was relatively short - lived , and it ' s assigned units were reassigned to Thule AB or directly to the 27th Air Division . Components
James M . McGarrah James " Jim " M . McGarrah is the chief of staff at the Georgia Tech Research Institute . He was previously director of the Information and Communications Laboratory at the Georgia Tech Research Institute and is a retired officer of the United States Navy Reserve . Early life and education . McGarrah attended Francis C . Hammond High School in Alexandria , Virginia , graduating in 1969 . McGarrah graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis , Maryland with a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering in 1973 . He also holds a Master of Arts in human resource management from Pepperdine University in 1978 and a Master of Science in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1979 . While at Georgia Tech , he took a job as a graduate teaching assistant . Navy . In 1973 , McGarrah received his naval commission , and served in the United States Navy and the United States Navy Reserve for a total of 33 years . From 1973 to 1976 , he served on the USS " Belknap " ( CG - 26 ) as Electronic Warfare Officer and Damage Control Assistant , and on the USS " Hoist " ( ARS - 40 ) after the " Belknap " s collision with the " John F . Kennedy " in 1975 . In 2003 , he was nominated for promotion from rear admiral ( lower half ) to rear admiral . On July 9 , 2004 , when McGarrah was a rear admiral , the Secretary of the Navy , Gordon R . England , appointed him the Director of the Office for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatants ( OARDEC ) . McGarrah testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee about the Combatant Status Review Tribunal s ( CSRT ) , held in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp s , in Cuba , from July 2004 to March 2005 . McGarrah testified that , to take into account the concerns of United States Supreme Court rulings the CSRT were modelled after Army Regulations 190 - 8 " ( Enemy Prisoners of War , Retained Personnel , Civilian Internees and Other Detainees ) " , subchapter 1 - 6 , " Tribunals " . While he was in the military , he was awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star Medal , two Meritorious Service Medal s , three Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal s , and a Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal . Since September 2009 , McGarrah has been the Georgia Chair of the Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve . Industry . McGarrah spent 24 years working for the telecommunications industry , primarily for Southern Bell , BellSouth and Cingular Wireless . McGarrah came to the Georgia Tech Research Institute in November 2008 , taking the position of director of the Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory ( ITTL ) . He was instrumental in the split of that lab into the GTRI Information and Communications Laboratory and the GTRI Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory . As of May 1 , 2013 , McGarrah will be GTRI ' s Chief of Staff , an ambassador / spokesperson role .
98th National Guard Higher Command ( Greece ) The 98th National Guard Higher Command ( 98η ΑΔΤΕ - 98η Ανώτατη Διοίκηση Ταγμάτων Εθνοφυλακής ) , " 98 Anotati Dioikisi Tagmaton Ethnofylakis ( 98 ADTE ) " , is a Greek Army mechanized formation responsible for the defence of the island of Lesbos , Greece .
Ardley Castle Ardley Castle was a castle to the southwest of the village of Ardley , Oxfordshire , England . It is thought to have been an adulterine castle erected in the reign of King Stephen and demolished by order of Henry II after 1154 . It now consists of an oval enclosure with a shallow ditch .
Central Flying Training Command Flying Division , Air Training Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was assigned to the Air Training Command , stationed at Randolph Air Force Base , Texas . It was inactivated on 14 November 1949 . History . Central Flying Training Command was established on 8 July 1940 when the United States Army Air Corps redesignated its training center at Randolph Field , Texas as the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center . The Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center at Randolph handled flying training ( basic , primary and advanced ) at airfields in the Central United States . On 31 July 1943 , Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center was redesignated as the Central Flying Training Command when Army Air Forces Training Command consolidated technical and flying training under one major command . Shortly after the end of World War II , Central Flying Training Command consolidated with Western Flying Training Command on 1 November 1945 , and was redesignated Western Flying Training Command . On 15 December 1945 Western Flying Training Command consolidated with the Eastern Flying Training Command . The single entity became Army Air Forces Flying Training Command on 1 January 1946 , with its headquarters at Randolph Field , Texas . On 1 November 1946 the Flying Training Command was redesignated as the Flying Training Division of the new Air Training Command , established as part of the postwar reorganization of the Army Air Forces . It was inactivated on 14 November 1949 when Air Training Command absorbed its subordinate Divisions into its command organization due to budget reductions .
Frederick Watkins ( Royal Navy officer ) Frederick Watkins ( 14 October 1770 – 10 November 1856 ) was an officer of the British Royal Navy . By 1793 he was first lieutenant on the 32 - gun frigate HMS " Blanche " , serving in the Leeward Islands . On 5 January 1795 the captain , Robert Faulknor , was killed during a sea - fight with the French frigate " Pique " off Pointe - à - Pitre , and command devolved on Watkins , who continued the action . " Pique " was boarded by Lieutenant David Milne and captured . For his part in the action Watkins was promoted to post captain on 26 April 1795 , commanding the 28 - gun HMS " Resource " . For the next two years Watkins cruised in " Resource " on the Leeward Islands and Jamaica stations . On 10 December 1796 " Resource " , with HMS " Mermaid " , captured the French corvette " Général Leveau " off San Domingo . In the spring of 1799 he became captain of the 36 - gun HMS " Nereide " . In the Bay of Biscay on 2 March 1800 " Nereide " captured the French privateer " Vengeance " , and on 3 March recaptured an American ship with cargo valued at £30 , 000 . Watkins returned to the West Indies in " Nereide " the same year , and prevented the French capture of the Dutch colony of Curaçao , accepting the island ' s capitulation to the British . He returned to England in February 1801 . In early 1808 Watkins was appointed to the 74 - gun HMS " Majestic " , but was subsequently court - martial led and dismissed from his command for " a breach of naval discipline " towards Admiral Wells . In 1809 he published " The Young Naval Hero ; or Hints to Parents and Guardians on the Subject of Educating and Preparing Young Gentlemen for His Majesty ' s Navy " . Watkins was superannuated as a Rear - Admiral on 11 June 1814 . Frederick Watkins came out of retirement on 12 November 1840 , when he was transferred to the active list as an Admiral of the Blue . He was further promoted to Admiral of the White on 23 November 1841 and Admiral of the Red on 20 November 1846 . On 1 July 1851 Admiral Watkins was transferred to the Reserve Half - Pay List , with a pension of £150 a year . References . John Marshall , " Royal Naval Biography " , Volume 2 , Part I , 1824 ( reprinted Cambridge University Press , 2010 )