naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Beriev A - 40 The Beriev A - 40 Albatros ( also Be - 42 , NATO reporting name : Mermaid ) was a jet - engine d amphibious flying boat designed by the Beriev Aircraft Company for the anti - submarine warfare role . Intended as a replacement for the Beriev Be - 12 amphibian and the land - based Ilyushin Il - 38 , the project was suspended after only one prototype had been manufactured , with second 70 % completed , due to the breakup of the Soviet Union . Recent reports suggest the project has been revived and that an order has been placed by the Russian Navy . Development . The maiden flight was unplanned ; during a high - speed taxi test , the airplane became airborne and ran out of runway , with the crew being forced to continue the takeoff . The subsequent flight and landing went without further incident , but the test crew were downgraded from their duties afterwards despite having saved the aircraft . On 5 September 2008 the deputy commander of Russian Naval Aviation , Maj . Gen . Nikolai Kuklev , announced that the A - 42 is to be adopted as a main SAR and antisubmarine aircraft of the Russian Navy , and a provisional contract for 4 SAR - outfitted aircraft has been awarded to the company , with deliveries to start in 2010 . All four aircraft are expected to be in service by 2013 . A contract to replace the aging fleet of Be - 12 and Il - 38 aircraft is under consideration . Design . The A - 40 was a jet - engined flying boat patrol bomber of all - metal construction with the engines located above the wing roots , atop each of the main landing gear nacelles at the rear of each wing root . The swept wings had a marked anhedral angle , with balance floats attached by short pylons directly under each wingtip . Operational history . Between 1989 and 1998 , the Beriev A - 40 set 140 world records . Variants . A - 40 A - 40M A - 40P A - 40PM ( also known as Be - 40P ) Be - 40PT A - 42 ( also known as Be - 42 ) A - 44 A - 42PE
Battle of Chinhai The Battle of Chinhai was fought between British and Chinese forces in Chinhai , China , on 10 October 1841 during the First Opium War . During the Taiping Rebellion the opium clipper " Eamont " ran up to the threatened city of Ningpo , passing right through the Battle of Chinhai , which was being waged not only on the banks but in the river itself .
Friedrich Allmacher Friedrich " Fritz " Allmacher ( 3 December 1914 – 26 December 1944 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich Allmacher was killed on 26 December 1944 near Berzi , Latvia , in the Courland Pocket .
HMS Lion ( 1709 ) HMS " Lion " was a 60 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Chatham Dockyard to the 1706 Establishment and launched on 20 January 1709 . On 9 December 1735 orders were issued for " Lion " to be dismantled and rebuilt according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment at Deptford , from where she was relaunched on 25 April 1738 . She continued in service until 1765 , when she was sold out of the navy .
Siege of Varna Siege of Varna ( July — September 29 , 1828 ) was a war episode during the Russo - Turkish War , 1828 - 1829 . Varna was held by the Ottoman army . The approach to Varna by Russian forces was first attempted on June 28 , but the Russian avantgardes were met by significant Turkish forces , and the siege was postponed . By the end of July the Black Sea Fleet under command of Aleksey Greig approached Varna and delivered the landing forces . In the mid - August the Guards Corps arrived to Varna , with Emperor Nicholas I . The siege was put under the command of Adjutant general Menshikov , with total forces of 23 , 000 personnel and 170 artillery pieces against the 20 , 000 garrison of Varna . In an attempt to desiege Varna , Omer Vryonis Pasha brought a 20 , 000 army , but was successfully held off . Eventually Varna was taken with 6 , 900 prisoners and 140 artillery pieces . However the Russians suffered big losses during the summer - autumn campaign , and withdrew from Varna and Danube to resume the campaign in the following spring .
Triboci In classical antiquity , the Triboci or Tribocci were a Germanic people of eastern Gaul , inhabiting much of what is now Alsace . Name . Besides the forms Triboci and Tribocci , Schneider has the form “ Triboces ” in the accusative plural . Pliny has Tribochi , and Strabo . In the passage of Caesar , it is said that all the MISS . have “ Tribucorum ” . Geography . Ptolemy places the Tribocci in Germania Superior , but he incorrectly places the Vangiones between the Nemetes and the Tribocci , for the Nemetes bordered on the Tribocci . However he places the Tribocci next to the Rauraci , and he names Breucomagus ( Brocomagus , today ' s Brumath ) and Elcebus ( Helcebus ) as the two towns of the Tribocci , making Argentoratum ( Strasbourg ) a city of the Vangiones . D ' Anville supposes that the territory of the Tribocci corresponded to the mediaeval diocese of Strasbourg . Saletio ( Seltz ) , we may suppose , belonged to the Nemetes , as in modern times it belonged to the diocese of Speyer ; and it is near the northern limits of the diocese of Strasbourg . On the south towards the Rauraci , a place named Marckolsheim , on the southern limit of the diocese of Strasbourg and bordering on that of Basel , indicates a boundary by a Teutonic name ( " mark " ) , as " fines " does in those parts of Gaul where the Roman tongue prevailed . The name of the Tribocci does not appear in the " Notitia provinciarum Galliae " , though the names of the Nemetes and Vangiones are there ; but instead of the Tribocci we have " Civitas Argentoratum " ( Strasbourg ) , the chief place of the Tribocci . Political and military history . The Triboci were in the army of the Germanic king Ariovistus in the great battle in which Julius Caesar defeated him ; and though Caesar does not say directly that they were Germans , his narrative shows that he considered them to be Germans . In another passage Caesar places the Triboci on the Rhine between the Mediomatrici and the Treviri , and he means to place them on the left or Gallic side of the Rhine . Strabo , after mentioning the Sequani and Mediomatrici as extending to the Rhine , says , “ Among them a German people has settled , the Tribocchi , who have passed over from their native land . ” Pliny and Tacitus say that the Tribocci are Germans . The true conclusion from Caesar is that he supposed the Tribocci to be settled in Gallia before 58 BCE . Nero Claudius Drusus established a military camp at Argentorate ( Strasbourg ) in 12 BCE , near which there had already been a civilian La Tène settlement since around 100 BCE . The Triboci joined the revolt of Civilis in 70 CE , sending reinforcements to the Treveran rebel commander Julius Tutor along with the Caeracates , Vangiones and dissident Romans . This combined force defeated a Roman cohort , but at the approach of the main body of the Roman army , these new reinforcements , including the Triboci , defected to the Roman side . The city of Argentorate was rebuilt in 97 under Trajan after a fire .
Battle of Festubert The Battle of Festubert ( 15 – 25 May 1915 ) was an attack by the British army in the Artois region of France on the western front during World War I . Context . It was part of the larger French Artois Offensive and was undertaken to assist the French near Arras by preventing German reserve troops from being available to move there . The battle . The attack was made by the British First Army under Sir Douglas Haig against a German salient between Neuve Chapelle to the north and the village of Festubert to the south . The assault was planned along a front and would initially be made mainly by Indian troops . This would be the first British army night attack of the war . The battle was preceded by a 60 hour bombardment by 433 artillery piece s that fired about 100 , 000 shells . This bombardment failed to significantly damage the front line defences of the German Sixth Army , but the initial advance made some progress in good weather conditions . The attack was renewed on the 16th , and by the 19th the British 2nd and 7th divisions had to be withdrawn due to heavy losses . On 18 May the Canadian Division , assisted by the 51st ( Highland ) Division , renewed the advance , but this made little progress in the face of effective German artillery fire . The British forces then entrenched themselves at the new front line in conditions of heavy rain . The Germans now brought up more reserves to reinforce their lines . From 20 – 25 May the attack was renewed , resulting in the capture of the village of Festubert . However the total offensive had only resulted in a advance , at a cost of 16 , 648 casualties . The Canadian Division ' s part in the offensive gained them on a front and cost .
Franz Dutter Franz Dutter ( 24 October 1917 – 21 November 1996 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold one of only 631 awards .
George Bell Chicken George Bell Chicken VC ( 2 March 1833 – May 1860 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was one of only five civilians , and the last , to be awarded the VC . Details . Born on 2 March 1833 at Howden Pans , Wallsend , Northumberland , he became a Master Mariner at the early age of 20 , and was 25 years old at the time of his action , and a civilian volunteer in the Indian Naval Brigade during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 27 September 1858 at Suhejnee , near Peroo , Bengal , Chicken attached himself to a mixed party of troopers of mounted police and cavalry . They routed a force of about 100 mutineers and in the pursuit which followed Chicken forged ahead and charged into the middle of about 20 of the enemy , killing five before he was knocked off his horse and badly wounded . He would have been cut to pieces if four of the troopers had not galloped up and rescued him . His citation in the London Gazette reads : Further information . He was one of only five civilians , and the last , to be awarded the VC . His VC is described as " the only Naval VC to be won on horse - back " . Chicken was lost at sea in May 1860 when his schooner " Emily " was reportedly lost with all hands in the Bay of Bengal . The medal . The VC was sent to his father , a master mariner of Shadwell , on 4 March 1862 . The VC and Mutiny medal came up for sale in Canada in 1997 . The auctioneer was Bud Haynes of Alberta and the price was $ C95 , 000 . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Alain John Alain John , ( 1920 – 23 December 1943 ) was an aspiring sculptor who joined the RAF as a navigator , and was killed during the Second World War . John was educated at Blundell ' s School in Tiverton and had passed the entrance to Kings College in 1938 and was told he could travel abroad until term started . John instead chose to return to the School for a term to model a statue for an empty niche in the School tower . He finally chose the Christ in Blessing and Eric Gill , then a master at the School , said of the clay model that “ " No finer piece of work has been done by anyone in this country this year " ” . The original statue remains in place . John enlisted in the RAF , preferring to fly with friends as a Navigator Sergeant rather than seeking a commission . He undertook a long series of night flights over Germany and died from injuries sustained on a mission . Neville Gorton , then Bishop of Coventry , wrote to the Times on 29 December 1943 to propose that John ’ s statue be recast as an Air Force Memorial , commenting on the statue that “ " It is a moving work of faith and tenderness , and of the quality in its faith and its art Eric Gill ’ s judgement stands " ” . The statue was subsequently re - cast at the commission of Neville Gorton and stands in the ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral as a memorial to those who lost their lives in the war .
FV106 Samson FV106 Samson is a British Army armoured recovery vehicle , one of the CVR ( T ) family . The main role of this vehicle is to recover the CVR ( T ) family of vehicles , but can recover other light tracked vehicles such as the FV430 series . Design and features . The Samson was conceived in the early 1970s with the final design entering production in 1978 . The hull is an all - welded aluminium construction . It usually carries a crew of three operating a 3 . 5T capstan winch that can also be utilised in a lifting configuration . It carries suitable equipment to enable a 4 : 1 mechanical advantage with 228m of winch rope . This winch is capable of recovering up to 12 Tonnes of vehicle . A manually operated earth anchor is situated at the rear to anchor the vehicle while operations are carried out . The Samson can be fitted with a floatation screen so it can be operated amphibiously using its own tracks at 6 . 5 km / h or at 9 . 6 km / h if also fitted with a propeller kit . The Samson can also be fitted with a full NBC protection unit . Operators . The following countries have or still operate the Samson CVR ( T ) Examples on Display . The REME Museum of Technology has an example of a Samson on display in The Prince Philip Vehicle Hall .
Stridsvagn m / 21 - 29 Stridsvagn m / 21 ( Strv m / 21 ) was a Swedish development on the German World War I tank prototype LK II . It was powered by a sleeve valve type engine located in the front , the driver and crew being in the rear . The suspension and running gear was protected by armored skirts . Ten of these tanks were built and were armed with a single 6 . 5 mm machine gun The Strv m / 21 - 29 was an upgraded version of the m / 21 . The modifications included a more powerful engine and heavier armor . References . Tanks of the World 1915 - 1945 by Peter Chamberlain and Chris Ellis 1972 / 2002 p 159 .
USS Bugara ( SS - 331 ) USS " Bugara " ( SS - 331 ) , a " Balao " - class submarine , was a ship of the United States Navy named for the bugara , a multicolored fish found along the coast of California . " Bugara " ( SS - 331 ) was launched 2 July 1944 by Electric Boat Co . , Groton , Conn . ; sponsored by Mrs . Lyman S . Perry , wife of Captain Perry ; and commissioned 15 November 1944 , Commander A . F . Schade in command . " Bugara " ' s war operations extended from 21 February to 17 August 1945 during which she completed three war patrols in the Flores , Java , and South China Seas and the Gulf of Siam . While the first two patrols of " Bugara " proved uneventful , her third war patrol might be classified as one of the most colorful to be made during the war . This patrol in the Gulf of Siam was highlighted by a series of excellently conducted gun attacks which disposed of 57 small ships totaling 5284 tons . All except two of these vessels were boarded and their native crews put safely ashore with their personal belongings . One of the many interesting incidents of this patrol was an encounter with a Japan ese ship manned by a Chinese crew being attacked by Malay pirates . " Bugara " rescued the Chinese , sank the Japanese ship , and then disposed of the pirates . On 17 August 1945 " Bugara " arrived at Fremantle , Australia , from her last war patrol . After a few days Bugara sailed to Subic Bay , Philippine Islands , and joined the other units of her squadron . For the remainder of 1945 she operated out of Subic Bay . In January 1946 she returned to San Diego via Pearl Harbor . After a rehabilitation period on the west coast she returned to Pearl Harbor in May 1946 . She was overhauled at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard in 1946 and during the fall of that year made a training cruise in the Bering Sea and then returned to Pearl Harbor via Seattle and Portland . In late October 1947 " Bugara " departed Pearl Harbor for California . She underwent a yard period between 20 November 1947 and 19 March 1948 , returning to Pearl Harbor 27 March . In July she proceeded to Yokosuka , Japan , via Guam , Melbourne , Buckner Bay , and Tsingtao . She returned to Pearl Harbor 24 August 1948 . On 13 August 1949 she departed Pearl Harbor for overhaul at San Francisco , returning 3 January 1950 . She then continued operations out of Pearl Harbor until 7 December 1954 . Twice during this period she served in the Far East supporting the Korean operations . On 7 December 1954 she departed Pearl Harbor for San Diego , where she arrived 15 December . " Bugara " then operated along the Pacific coast participating in type training and fleet exercises until decommissioned and struck from the Naval Register 1 October 1970 . While under tow near Cape Flattery , WA , " Bugara " swamped and sank accidentally . " Bugara " received three battle star s for her World War II service .
Casco Cove Coast Guard Station Casco Cove Coast Guard Station is a military facility and private use airfield on Attu Island , one of the Aleutian Islands in the U . S . state of Alaska . Owned by the United States Coast Guard , Casco Cove CGS is located west of Anchorage , Alaska . Also known as LORAN Station Attu , the facility was closed on August 27 , 2010 , but the airfield remains available for emergency use . History . Established as Naval Air Facility Attu on June 7 , 1943 , just seven days after Attu Island was declared secured . Overview . The Casco Cove Airport was a LORAN navigation station operated by the United States Coast Guard . The USCG personnel lived in a group quarters facility . There were no families stationed at Attu . All services needed for staff in this facility are available . Electricity is provided by USCG Generator . Auxiliary health care is provided by USCG emergency medical staff . Casco Cove is one of the most isolated and remote airports in the United States . Flying into and taking off from the airport was hazardous , as the weather is characterized by persistently overcast skies , high winds , and frequent cyclonic storms . Winter squalls produce wind gusts in excess of 100 knots . During the summer , extensive fog forms over the Bering Sea and North Pacific . The island is protected as part of the National Parks Trust territory and few people visit the island or area , as it is restricted . Gun emplacements for over twenty guns are still present around the airfield . Facilities . Casco Cove CGS resides at elevation of 88 feet ( 27 m ) above mean sea level . It has one runway designated 2 / 20 with an asphalt surface measuring 5 , 998 by 150 feet ( 1 , 828 x 46 m ) . Incidents . On January 1 , 1945 , 2nd Lt . Robert L . Nesmith flying from Alexai Point , crashed his Lockheed P - 38G - 10 - LO Lightning in Temnac Valley , just west of Attu Station , while on a low - level training mission over Attu . This aircraft was recovered in 1999 and is now static - restored and on display at Elmendorf AFB .
INS Sindhukirti ( S61 ) INS " Sindhukirti " ( S61 ) is a diesel - electric submarine of the Indian Navy . The submarine has been in the refit yard at Visakapatnam since the last 5 years , and is expected to remain in the refit dock til 2012 , basically 1 / 3 of its total lifespan at sea . Currently INS Sindhukirti is not operational and is berthed at HSL dry docks Commissioning Commanding Officer : Lt . Cdr . Kannan Ramdas ( Retd as Commander )
Bisson - class destroyer The " Bisson " class was a class of six destroyer s of the French Navy built between 1912 - 14 , used during the First World War . The class is named in tribute to the French Admiral who sacrificed himself aboard the ship " Panayoti " in 1827 during the Greek War of Independence . The class carried the same armament of two guns , four guns and four torpedo tubes in two trainable mounts as the preceding , while steam turbines delivered giving a speed of over ( " Magnon " reached during sea trials , the fastest of the class ) . They were laid down between 1911 and 1912 and launched from 1913 from 1914 . The class served primarily in the Mediterranean Sea during the First World War , with " Bisson " sinking the Austrian submarine " U - 3 " on 13 August 1915 , with " Renaudin " being sunk by " U - 6 " .
Semper Fidelis ( march ) " Semper Fidelis " , which was written in 1888 by John Philip Sousa , is regarded as the official march of the United States Marine Corps . This piece was one of two composed in response to a request from United States President Chester Arthur for a new piece to be associated with the United States President . The words Semper Fidelis are Latin for " Always Faithful . " History . There does not exist an original general order documenting the proclamation of " Semper Fidelis " as the official march of the Marines . According to accounts summarized in the CD liner notes , Sousa is regarded by historians as honest and on many occasions noted that the march was named the official march of the Marine Corps . However , a flood destroyed many Marine Corps records , even those documenting Sousa ' s rank as leader of the United States Marine Corps Band ; an order designating it as an official march could have been lost . The United States Marine Corps website refers to the song as " the Official March of the Marine Corps " . Sousa began as the musical conductor of the United States Marine Corps Band , known as " The President ' s Own " , in 1880 and led the Band for five presidential administrations . President Arthur felt that " Hail to the Chief " was undignified and requested a new presidential composition . Sousa began performing " Presidential Polonaise " ( 1886 ) and later " Semper Fidelis " , although Arthur predeceased the latter . Neither displaced " Hail to the Chief " as the song most closely associated with the United States President . In an October 1927 interview published in the " Independent " ( Nebraska ) , Sousa claimed " I wrote " Semper Fidelis " one night while in tears after my comrades of the Marine Corps had sung their famous Hymn at Quantico ( which is now home to Marine Corps Base Quantico ) . " However , no Marines were stationed at Quantico until May 14 , 1917 and he wrote the song in 1888 . This could be explained by a misquote or by Marine maneuvers or exercises at Quantico .
Eelam War II Eelam War II is the name given to the second phase of armed conflict between Sri Lankan military and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam . The war started after the failure of peace talks between the Premadasa government and the LTTE . This phase of the war was initiated by the LTTE who massacred almost 600 sinhalese and Muslim police personnel after they were ordered by the Premadasa government to surrender to the LTTE . The truce was broken on June 10 , 1990 . The LTTE in October expelled all the 28 , 000 Muslims residing in Jaffna . Civilian killings . Palliyagodella massacre . The Palliyagodella massacre is an incident in October 1991 in which LTTE cadres massacred 109 Muslim men , women and children in Palliyagodella . The background to this massacre was the growing tension between the LTTE and the Muslim community . The Palliyagodella villagers had asked the Sri Lankan military for protection from LTTE extortion . The Sri Lankan forces issued shotguns to the Muslim villagers but these were inadequate to beat off LTTE attacks . Female LTTE cadres and child soldiers were involved in this attack .