naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Aero A . 100 The Aero A . 100 was a biplane light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft built in Czechoslovakia during the 1930s . It was the final step in a design lineage that extended back to the Aero A . 11 a decade earlier . A . 100s remained in service throughout World War II and for a few years postwar . Design and development . Development of the A . 100 was in response to a Czechoslovak Air Force requirement of 1932 for a uniform replacement for the A . 11s , Aero Ap . 32 s , and Letov Š . 16 s then in service . Work began with a revision of the Aero A . 430 that quickly became quite a different aircraft . Of standard biplane configuration , the A . 100 was a somewhat ungainly - looking aircraft and somewhat obsolescent by the time of its first flight in 1933 , a member of the final generation of biplane military aircraft to be designed in Europe . Operational history . Nevertheless , since the only other competitor for the air force contract , the Praga E . 36 had not flown by the close of tenders , the A . 100 was ordered for production . A total of 44 were built , in two batches . Further development . The Aero A . 100 was later developed into Aero A . 101 with Praga Isotta Fraschini Asso 1000 RV engine ( 800 h . p . ) , first flying in December 1934 , this type served in the Spanish Civil War curiously on both sides of the conflict . Further development led to Aero Ab . 101 ( enlarged hull and wings plus Avia Hispano Suiza HS 12 Ydrs engine rated 860 h . p . ) produced from 1936 to 1937 and serving in the Czechoslovak Air Force up to its dissolution in March 1939 . Final stage of the development was Aero A . 104 , where Ab . 101 was converted to a high - wing monoplane with enclosed cocpit , only one prototype was built in 1937 .
18th Infantry Division ( Poland ) The 18th Infantry Division ( 18 . Dywizja Piechoty ) was a unit of the Polish Army during the interbellum period , which took part in the Polish September Campaign . Stationed in Łomża and commanded in 1939 by Colonel Stefan Kossecki , it was part of the Narew Independent Operational Group . It was formed in 1919 from the units of the Blue Army . Between 1919 and 1939 , Łomża and neighboring towns were located very close to the border of Poland and German province of East Prussia . Defense of this area was regarded as crucial in any future conflict , so 18th Division was regarded as an elite unit . More than 50 % of its soldiers were local conscript s from northern Mazovia and Podlasie , whose patriotism was highly appreciated . The Division assembled on August 30 , 1939 , and the next day it occupied defense positions along the Narew river . Until September 3 , it had a limited contact with the Wehrmacht . It was then ordered to take positions previously held by the Polish 41st Infantry Division . On September 7 , it left Ostrołęka and was ordered to halt the advance of German 21st Infantry Division near Nowogrod . The efforts of Polish soldiers were mixed , but on the night of Sept 9 - 10 , it attacked a German armored column , destroying several vehicles and tanks . During the next days the Division was engaged in heavy fights with units of General Heinz Guderian ' s XIX Panzer Corps . After several bloody skirmishes , the Germans severely wounded Colonel Kossecki . 20 volunteers , who wanted to take his body from the battleground , were killed by a German machine gun . Kossecki himself survived , but was captured by the Soviets and killed by them probably in 1940 ( see : Katyn Massacre ) . In the night of September 13 – 14 the Germans massacred 200 Polish POWs , gathered in the courtyard in the barracks in Zambrów . The division ceased to exist .
Makibishi The term makibishi ( 撒き菱 or 撒菱 ) refers to the Japanese version of the caltrop . Description . Makibishi ( " igadama " ) , sharp spiked objects that were used in feudal Japan to slow down pursuers and also were used in the defense of samurai fortifications . " Makibashi " were one of the items supposedly used by ninja . Iron " makibishi " were called tetsubishi while the " makibishi " made from the dried seed pod of the water chestnut formed a natural type of " makibashi " called tennenbishi . Both types of " makibishi " could penetrate the thin soles of the shoes such as the waraji sandals that were commonly worn in feudal Japan when the " makibashi " was dropped on the ground or planted in advance . " Makibishi " could be carried in a bag attached to a belt along with other commonly carried weapons and / or tools such as " shuriken " and " kaginawa " . " Makibashi " could be thrown like a " shuriken " and could also be used against an enemy on horseback .
Rifleman Khan Rifleman Khan was an Alsatian dog who was lent to the War Office to become a military dog during World War II . He was assigned to the Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) and took part in the Battle of the Scheldt . He earned the Dickin Medal , which is considered to be the Victoria Cross for animals . Military career . Khan , an Alsatian ( also known as a German Shepherd Dog ) , was lent to the War Office by the Railton family from Tolworth , Surrey in the summer of 1942 . He had simply been their family pet . Considered a " star pupil " by officers at the War Dog Training School , he went on to be assigned to the sixth battalion of the Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) . Lance Corporal James Muldoon became his handler . In November 1944 the battalion was part of the Allied force sent to attack the island of Walcheren in the Netherlands , as part of the Battle of the Scheldt . The island was of strategic importance and needed to be taken in order for the invasion of Germany to take place . Khan and Muldoon were in an assault craft approaching the island by sea when a spotlight came upon them and the boat came under heavy fire . The boat capsized , sending the soldiers into the water . Khan swam to shore and began to look for Muldoon , who could not swim . While still under heavy shelling , Khan swam the back to Muldoon and pulled him from the water onto the shore . He continued to pull his handler past the muddy shoreline and up onto solid ground , before collapsing next to him . Khan was awarded the Dickin Medal ( considered to be the Victoria Cross for animals ) for bravery on 27 March 1945 . His citation read " For rescuing L / Cpl . Muldoon from drowning under heavy shell fire at the assault of Walcheren , November 1944 , while serving with the 6th Cameronians ( SR ) . " Following the war , Khan and Muldoon were reunited at a war dogs parade at Wembley Stadium .
Albert III , Duke of Saxony Albert III ( ) ( 27 January 1443 – 12 September 1500 ) was a Duke of Saxony . He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the " Albertine line " of the House of Wettin . Biography . Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son ( but fifth child in order of birth ) of Frederick II the Gentle , Elector of Saxony , and Margarete of Austria , sister of Frederick III , Holy Roman Emperor . Later , he was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece . After escaping from the hands of Kunz von Kaufungen , who had abducted him together with his brother Ernest , he spent some time at the court of the emperor Frederick III in Vienna . In Eger ( Cheb ) on 11 November 1464 Albert married Zdenka ( Sidonie ) , daughter of George of Podebrady , King of Bohemia ; but failed to obtain the Bohemian Crown on the death of George in 1471 . After the death of his father in 1464 , Albert and Ernest ruled their lands together , but in 1485 a division was made by the Treaty of Leipzig , and Albert received the Meissen , together with some adjoining districts , and founded the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin . Regarded as a capable soldier by the emperor , Albert ( in 1475 ) took a prominent part in the campaign against Charles the Bold , duke of Burgundy , and in 1487 led an expedition against Matthias Corvinus , King of Hungary , which failed owing to lack of support on the part of the emperor . In 1488 he was appointed Governor of the Netherlands ( until 1493 ) and marched with the imperial forces to free the Roman king Maximilian from his imprisonment at Bruges , and when , in 1489 , the King returned to Germany , Albert was left as his representative to prosecute the war against the rebels . He was successful in restoring the authority of Maximilian in Holland , Flanders , and Brabant , but failed to obtain any repayment of the large sums of money which he had spent in these campaigns . His services were rewarded in 1498 when Maximilian bestowed upon him the title of Hereditary Governor ( " potestat " ) of Friesland , but he had to make good his claim by force of arms . He had to a great extent succeeded , and was paying a visit to Saxony , when he was recalled by news of a fresh rising . Groningen was captured , but soon afterwards the duke died at Emden . He was buried at Meissen . Albert , who was a man of great strength and considerable skill in feats of arms , delighted in tournaments and knightly exercises . His loyalty to the emperor Frederick , and the expenses incurred in this connection , aroused some irritation among his subjects , but his rule was a period of prosperity in Saxony . Family and children . With his wife Sidonie , Albrecht had nine children :
John Talbot Savignac Hall Rear - Admiral John Talbot Savignac Hall , CIE ( 30 November 1896 – 21 January 1964 ) was a Royal Navy officer who became the first post - Independence Commander - in - Chief and Chief of Naval Staff of the Royal Indian Navy . Life and career . Hall was born in Kent , the third son of Dr . William Hamilton Hall , FSA . He was educated at Elstow School in Bedford and then served in the Royal Navy . In 1921 , he was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Royal Indian Marine , and was promoted to Lieutenant - Commander in 1928 . The following year , he became the Executive Officer on HMIS " Lawrence " a minesweeper and then transferred to another minesweeper , HMIS " Clive " in 1930 . In 1932 , he was appointed commanding officer of the patrol boat HMIS " Baluchi " . He held this command until 1934 . From February to July 1937 , Hall was appointed Officer - in - Charge , Navy Office Section for the Defence Department ( Navy Branch ) of the Government of India . In April 1937 , he was promoted to Commander . In 1938 , he was appointed Staff Officer ( Plans ) , Naval HQ , aboard HMIS " Dalhousie " . Hall was promoted to Commodore 2nd Class in December 1942 , and appointed Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief of the RIN . In January 1944 , he was promoted to Captain and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire . He was then appointed as the Senior Naval Staff Officer and RIN liaison officer to the India Office , serving in this capacity until 1946 . Hall then commanded HMS " Achilles " . Upon Indian independence , he was selected to become the first post - Independence Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Indian Navy . Hall served for one year , when he was replaced by Admiral Edward Parry . Afterwards , in his permanent rank of Captain , Hall commanded a destroyer squadron with HMIS " Delhi " ( later INS " Delhi " ) as his flagship . He retired from active duty in September 1950 , with the rank of Rear - Admiral . From 1951 to 1959 , he served as a civil defence officer for northeast Essex . Hall died in London in 1964 , aged 67 . In 1933 , he married Agnes Maud Shereen ; the couple had one daughter and a son who died at a young age .
Armand - Nompar de Caumont , duc de la Force Armand - Nompar de Caumont , duc de la Force ( 30 October 1580 – 16 December 1675 ) was a Marshal of France and peer of France . He was the son of another Marshal of France , Jacques - Nompar de Caumont , duc de la Force and Charlotte de Gontaut , daughter of Marshal Armand de Gontaut , baron de Biron . Like his father , Armand - Nompar was a Protestant . First Marquis de La Force , later Duc de la Force after the death of his father , he was made Grand Master of the Kings ' garde - robe in 1637 . He fought in the wars of Louis XIII and Louis XIV in Italy and Germany , and became a Marshal in 1652 . He married Jeanne de Rochefaton , dame de Saveilles and had two children Jeanne de Rochefaton died in 1667 . On 12 December of the same year , Armand Nompar remarried with the 17 - year old Louise de Belsunce who died from smallpox and without children on 7 December 1680 . Armand Nompar died in the castle de La Force in the Dordogne on 16 December 1675 , without heir . The title of Duke de la Force went to his younger brother Henri - Nompar .
801st Air Division The 801st Air Division ( 802st AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Strategic Air Command , assigned to Eighth Air Force , being stationed at Lockbourne Air Force Base , Ohio . It was inactivated on 15 March 1965 . Activated in 1952 as an intermediate command echelon of Strategic Air Command , the 801st AD assumed command of the 26th and 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wings at Lockbourne AFB . The division trained and maintained a force capable of conducting worldwide reconnaissance and electronic countermeasures operations . It also trained subordinate units in air to air refueling techniques and strategic bombing with the addition of a B - 47 Stratojet wing in 1957 . The 801st participated in numerous tactical exercises such as Big Blast , Deep River , Sky Shield , and Purple Mood . The division was inactivated as part of the phaseout of SAC operations at Lockbourne AFB and the retirement of the B - 47 . it ' s assigned wings reassigned to other commands . History . Components . Wings Groups Squadrons
Joseph McJunkin Major Joseph Caldewll McJunkin was an American Revolutionary War patriot serving in the battle of Kings Mountain , North Carolina . Joseph Caldwell McJunkin was the first son of Samuel Caldwell McJunkin and Mary Anne Bogan . Born 22 June 1755 in Carlisle , Cumberland County , Pennsylvania & died 31 May 1846 in Union County , South Carolina , he married Anne Jane Thomas 9 March 1779 in Union District , South Carolina . She was born 15 January 1757 in Cumberland County , Pennsylvania & died 17 March 1826 in Union County , South Carolina . He was brother of Daniel Mcjunkin . Revolutionary War Service . In 1776 , McJunkin volunteered in Col . John Thompson ' s Fair Forest Militia Regiment , where he engaged in the Cherokee campaign . In May , 1777 , he was made Captain and commanded at Fort Jamieson . He served a three month guard tour in Charleston , South Carolina , from November 1779 to February 1780 . After the fall of Charleston , and the Battle of Camden , the Tory and Whig Militias engaged in guerilla war leading up to Huck ' s Defeat , and the Battle of King ' s Mountain . He said of Captain Christian Huck : McJunkin was at the Battle of King ' s Mountain , Cedar Springs , Hanging Rock , Musgrove ' s Mill , Hammond ' s Store , Blackstock ' s Ford , and the Battle of Cowpens . He was taken as a captive to Old Ninety - Six , where he was released on parole . He then aided Gen . Nathanael Greene at the Siege of Ninety - Six . After the war . McJunkin married Anne Jane Thomas , ( daughter of Colonel John Thomas and Jane Black Thomas ) settled in Union County . In about the year 1837 , he wrote his Memoirs . Anne Thomas McJunkin died on 17 March 1826 . Major Joseph Caldwell McJunkin died intestate on 31 May 1846 . They are both buried in the McJunkin Cemetery , which is located about 6 miles South from the town of Union .
Lake City Army Ammunition Plant Lake City Army Ammunition Plant ( LCAAP ) is a U . S . government - owned , contractor - operated facility in northeastern Independence , Missouri , that was established by Remington Arms in 1941 to manufacture and test small caliber ammunition for the U . S . Army . The facility has remained in continuous operation except for one 5 - year period following World War II . As of July 2007 , the plant produced nearly 1 . 4 billion rounds of ammunition per year . In addition , Lake City performs small caliber ammunition stockpile reliability testing and has ammunition and weapon testing responsibilities as the NATO National and Regional Test Center . Remington Arms operated the plant from its inception until 1985 , when operations were taken over by Olin Corporation . Since April 2001 , it has been operated by Alliant Techsystems ( ATK ) . LCAAP is the single largest producer of small arms ammunition for the United States military . Capabilities . Capabilities of the plant include : Small arms cartridges ; components such as percussion and electric primer ; pyrotechnics ; small caliber ammunition ( 5 . 56 mm ; 7 . 62 mm ; . 50 caliber and 20 mm ) ; performs reliability testing of small caliber ammunition ( 5 . 56 mm ; 7 . 62 mm ; 9 mm , . 22 caliber ; . 45 caliber and . 50 caliber ) ; demilitarization and disposal of small caliber ammunition and explosives . History . LCAAP was established in December 1940 , with production beginning in 1941 . It was the first of 12 small arms plants run by the Army . Facilities . LCAAP is housed on with 458 buildings , 40 igloos and storage capacity of . Hazardous waste contamination . Historically , LCAAP waste treatment and disposal occurred on - site and relied on unlined lagoons , landfills , and burn pits . The plant generated large quantities of potentially hazardous wastes and hazardous substances , including solvents , oils , greases , explosives , radionuclide s , perchlorates , and heavy metals . As a result of the extensive contamination , the site has been named to the United States Environmental Protection Agency ' s National Priorities List .
Trevor Soar Admiral Sir Trevor Alan Soar KCB OBE ( born 21 March 1957 ) is a former Commander - in - Chief Fleet of the Royal Navy . Early life . Soar was born in Belper , and was educated at Loughborough Grammar School . He joined the Royal Navy in 1975 , attending BRNC Dartmouth . Naval career . He commanded the submarines from 1987 to 1990 and from 1991 to 1994 . He went on to command the frigate from 1997 to 1998 and the aircraft carrier from 2002 to 2004 . Trevor Soar was appointed Capability Manager ( Precision Attack ) in 2004 in the rank of rear admiral and was promoted to Chief of Materiel ( Fleet ) , Defence Equipment & Support in the rank of vice admiral in 2007 . On 17 October 2008 , it was announced that he will be promoted to admiral and appointed as Commander - in - Chief Fleet and Allied Maritime Component Commander , Northwood . He fully assumed the role ( on promotion ) on 10 June 2009 . He also held the honorary position of Vice - Admiral of the United Kingdom from 2009 to 2012 . Personal life . In 1978 he married Anne Matlock . They have two sons ( Gareth and David ) , who attended Denstone College . They live in Burton upon Trent . He is President of Royal Navy Rugby Union .
Vladas Zajančkauskas Vladas Zajančkauskas ( born December 27 , 1915 ) is an alleged Nazi war criminal . He was born in Aukštadvaris , Lithuania . At age 95 ( as of July 2010 ) he stands to become the oldest person ever deported as a result of an investigation by the U . S . Justice Department ' s Office of Special Investigations ( OSI ) . In 2005 and 2010 the U . S federal courts asserted that Zajančkauskas deployed to Warsaw with a detachment of the Trawniki - trained guards who participated in the Nazi annihilation of the Warsaw Ghetto , an operation that triggered the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and led to the extermination of more than 50 , 000 Jews . The federal courts rejected as incredible his claim that , as a captured member of the Lithuanian Army , he was only in charge of the canteen at the Trawniki training camp , and was never in Warsaw . Records released by Russian authorities in the 1990s were used by the OSI as evidence in the case . His name does appear on a roster of 351 men deployed to the ghetto , a document which was captured by the Red Army in 1945 . The U . S . Federal Court twice found Zajančkauskas guilty ( in 2005 and 2010 ) of having falsely concealed his wartime whereabouts on his original visa application on arrival in the 1950s and ordered his deportation from the United States . Immigration Judge Wayne R . Iskra ordered Zajančkauskas removed to his native Lithuania . Writing . He wrote a 99 - page memoir , " My Bits of Life in This Beautiful World " , which describes his childhood and wartime experiences .
G . I . ( military ) G . I . is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the U . S . Army and airmen of the U . S . Army Air Forces — and occasionally for U . S . Marines and shorebound sailors — and also for general items of their equipment . The term G . I . has now used for a long time as an initialism of " Government Issue " or " General Issue " , but it originally referred to " galvanized iron " , as used by the logistics services of the Armed Forces of the United States . The letters " G . I . " were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron , such as metal trash cans , in U . S . Army inventories and supply records . During World War I , American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as " G . I . cans " . Also during that war , " G . I . " started being interpreted as " Government Issue " or " General Issue " for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen - especially since back at that time , the air force was part of the Army in most countries , including the United States . The term " G . I . " came into widespread use in the United States beginning with the start of selective service ( " the draft " ) in the peacetime year of 1940 and extending into 1941 , when the draft was much resented because the United States was at peace until December 7 , 1941 . Next , the use of " G . I . " exploded during the war years of 1942 through 1945 . " G . I . " was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or the Air Force . During World War II , " G . I . Joe " became the general nickname for all American soldiers , no matter what branch of the Army or Army Air Forces they were in : infantry , artillery , armor , Rangers , paratrooper s , logistics , combat support , or the other support wings of the Army or the Air Force . Thus , the interpretation of " General Infantry " is quite incorrect , because the vast majority of soldiers and airmen are not infantrymen . Soldiers and airmen sardonically referred to themselves as " G . I . " = " General Issue " items , all equally as disposable as helmets , boots , tents , canteens , rifles , jeeps , trucks , tanks , and combat aircraft . They viewed themselves as being " General Issue " items of " Uncle Sam " while they were in military service . The American Five - star General Dwight D . Eisenhower said in 1945 that " the truly heroic figure of this war [ is ] G . I . Joe and his counterpart in the air , the navy , and the Merchant Marine of every one of the United Nations . " " G . I . " has also been used as a verb in military circles , and it describes a deep - cleaning process of an area or item to achieve higher - than - normal standards . Armed Services trainees , for example , could be ordered to " G . I . " a garbage can to the point that anyone could safely eat from its surface .