naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Partisan Ranger Act On April 21 , 1862 , the Confederate Congress passed the Partisan Ranger Act . The law was intended as a stimulus for recruitment of irregulars for service into the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . The Act reads as follows : " Section 1 " . The congress of the Confederate States of America do enact , That the president be , and he is hereby authorized to commission such officers as he may deem proper with authority to form bands of partisan rangers , in companies , battalion s , or regiment s , to be composed of such members as the President may approve . " Section 2 " . Be it further enacted , that such partisan rangers , after being regularly received in the service , shall be entitled to the same pay , rations , and quarters during the term of service , and be subject to the same regulations as other soldiers . " Section 3 " . Be its further enacted , That for any arms and munitions of war captured from the enemy by any body of partisan rangers and delivered to any quartermaster at such place or places may be designated by a commanding general , the rangers shall be paid their full value in such manner as the Secretary of War may prescribe . The Confederate leadership , like the Union leadership , later opposed the use of irregular warfare , fearing that the lack of discipline among rival guerrilla groups could spiral out of control . On February 17 , 1864 the Partisan Ranger Act was repealed after pressure from Robert E . Lee and other Confederate regulars persuaded Congress to repeal the act . Only two partisan rangers groups were exempt and allowed to continue to operate to the very end of the war : The Mosby ' s Raiders , and the McNeill ' s Rangers . Both of these independent partisan rangers operated in the western counties of Virginia and were known to exercise military discipline when conducting raids .
Navy Warfare Development Command The mission of the United States Navy Navy Warfare Development Command ( NWDC ) is stated thus : " NWDC serves as the Navy ’ s champion for the rapid generation and development of innovative , game changing solutions in concepts and doctrine to enhance maritime capability at the operational level across the full spectrum and enable seamless integration in the joint and coalition arena . " NWDC is currently located at Naval Station Norfolk , VA . The NWDC team has role in planning the future of the Navy , not only in the tactical realm , but also at the operational and strategic levels . As the Executive Agent for Navy ’ s Concept Generation and Concept Development , we are home to innovations launching today ’ s Navy into the future . Vision . NWDC is the Navy ’ s premier expert for the development and integration of capability at the operational level , shaping current and future force employment through five core competencies : innovation in concept generation and development , design and execution of experimentation and exercises , forward leaning modeling and simulation , dynamic lessons learned , and authoritative doctrine . The combination of these competencies is unique to NWDC . History . The Chief of Naval Operations established the Navy Warfare Development Command in 1998 . NWDC coordinates the development of concepts of operations , doctrine , experimentation , and lessons learned in direct support of the Fleet . The command also provides cutting - edge modeling and simulation for training , experimentation , and focused analysis . Concept Generation and Concept Development ( CGCD ) Program . CNO initiated the CGCD program to encourage a culture of innovation throughout the Navy and to gather ideas on ways to address current and future warfighting gaps to inform investment decisions and develop full capability across doctrine , organization , training , materiel , leadership , education , personnel , and facilities ( DOTMLPF ) spectrum .
BM / KG300G The BM / KG300G self - protection jamming pod is an airborne ECM pod that was first revealed to the public at 1998 Zhuhai Air Show , China , and it is designed by Southwest Institute of Electronic Equipment ( SWIEE ) at Chengdu . The jamming pod is designed to counter land - based , airborne , and naval radars at I / J bands , particularly pulse Doppler radars . The pod is highly digitized , and can be installed on a variety of platforms from helicopters to heavy bombers . The system adopts modular design and with open architecture software programming , and it is fully automatic , though human intervention is also optional . In addition to automatic warning , the system can also automatically select and implement the best form of countermeasure . The system is highly adaptive and can be integrated as an overall self - defense system with other avionics such as RWR , and is compatible with MIL - STD - 1553B standard . Built - In Test Equipment ( BITE ) function is also incorporated . Although generally used for self - defense , the BM / KG300G can also be used as part of the offensive weaponry by deploying it in the way similar to that of EA - 6B when deployed with anti - radar and air - to - surface missiles , but the launching sequence of the missile must be completed by human operators . The next generation BM / KG300G pod is already in development and is designed to MIL - STD - 1773 standard .
USS Ellen ( SP - 284 ) The second USS " Ellen " ( SP - 284 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 until 1918 or 1919 . Sources differ on most aspects of her history and even on her physical characteristics . " Ellen " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name either in 1911 at Staten Island , New York , or in 1915 at Greenport , New York on Long Island . The U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner either on or before 10 May 1917 or on 14 May 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel . She served in the Navy as USS " Ellen " ( SP - 284 ) , but sources differ as to whether she served in a non - commissioned status throughout her Navy career and was placed in service on 10 May 1917 or was commissioned on 10 August 1917 . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Ellen " operated on section patrol duties in the New York City area for the rest of her naval career . Sources differ on the timing and nature of the end of " Ellen " s naval service . She either was placed out of service on 31 May 1918 and returned to her owner or remained in service through the end of World War I and was sold postwar on 30 April 1919 . " Ellen " should not be confused with USS " Ellen " ( SP - 1209 ) , later USS " SP - 1209 " , another patrol vessel in commission at the same time .
Battle of Dogger Bank ( 1696 ) The Battle of Dogger Bank is the name of a battle which took place on June 17 , 1696 as part of the War of the Grand Alliance . It was a victory for a French force of seven ships over a Dutch force of five ships and the convoy it was escorting . The battle . On this date the French privateer Jean Bart found a Dutch convoy of 112 merchant ships , escorted by five Dutch ships near Dogger Bank . The French had more warships and more cannons than the Dutch . Furthermore the French crews were very experienced and led by an exceptional commander , so the outcome of the battle was very predictable . But the French had to hurry , because a large English squadron under admiral John Benbow was aware of the French presence and was looking for them . The battle started on 19 : 00 h . when Jean Bart on the " Maure " attacked the Dutch flagship , the " Raadhuis - van - Haarlem " . the Dutch fought valiantly for three hours until their captain was killed . Then they surrendered and so did the 4 other ships , one after another . Jean Bart captured and burned 25 merchant ships until Benbow ' s squadron of 18 ships approached . The French squadron fled towards Denmark . They remained there until July and then slipped through the allied lines into Dunkirk with 1200 prisoners , on September 27 .
International Naval Research Organization The International Naval Research Organization is the publisher of the quarterly journal , " Warship International " ; the journal is mainly about warship s in the era of iron and steel ( about 1860 to date ) . The International Naval Research Organization is a non - profit organization . The organization was founded in 1964 and incorporated in the US state of Massachusetts .
6th Armoured Brigade ( Australia ) The 6th Armoured Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army during World War II . The brigade was formed in May 1942 , by the conversion of the 6th Motor Brigade and was assigned to the 2nd Motor Division . The brigade also absorbed units of the 5th Motor Brigade in June 1942 . The brigade remained in Australia and did not see any active service before it was converted into the 4th Armoured Brigade in March 1943 . Brigade units . All units that served with the brigade during the war .
RCAF Station Aylmer RCAF Station Aylmer was a Royal Canadian Air Force airfield that was built between late 1940 and June 1941 just north - east of Aylmer , Ontario . It was one of many built across Canada under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan during World War II . The first school at the airfield was No . 14 Service Flying Training School ( SFTS ) . RCAF staff began arriving at the station before construction was finished . First to arrive was a 17 - man security party under Sgt . Les Oliver in late March . Squadron Leader T . Moreton , the first officer , arrived on 2 June 1941 to manage the new station ' s equipment . Wing Commander Norman Irwin arrived at Aylmer on 18 June 1941 on " Temporary Duty " and was appointed C . O . when the station was activated on 3 July 1941 . Opening ceremonies were held on 2 August 1941 with the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario Albert Matthews and the Premier of Ontario Mitchell Hepburn on hand . The new station was open to the public that afternoon and guests were treated to an aerobatic display by the instructors . Relief airfields were R1 — Yarmouth Centre , Ontario and R2 — Tillsonburg , Ontario . Pilots used North American Harvards and Avro Anson s as their advanced trainers . Some North American Yale s arrived on 23 January 1942 and were mainly used for navigation exercises . No . 14 SFTS moved to Kingston in August 1944 . Other schools located at Aylmer include : No . 2 Manning Depot and No . 1 Personnel Selection Unit ( PSU ) were located at Aylmer from 1949 – 1950 . The station closed in 1961 and the Ontario Police College eventually took over the facilities . All that remains from the RCAF days are 2 hangars , the deteriorating airfield and the taxi area , which is now used as part of the police vehicle driver training track . At the entrance the Ontario Police College property sits a memorial to the former RCAF station . Remembrance . Twelve flying instructors and 26 students lost their lives training at No . 14 SFTS .
Grayling Army Airfield Grayling Army Airfield is a public / military use airport located one nautical mile ( 1 . 85 km ) northwest of the central business district of Grayling , in Crawford County , Michigan , United States . It is owned by United States Army . The airfield is located northeast of the main cantonment area of Camp Grayling . Grayling AAF covers an area of at an elevation of 1 , 158 feet ( 353 m ) above mean sea level . For the 12 - month period ending December 31 , 2008 , the airport had 4 , 691 aircraft operations , an average of 10 per day : 63 % general aviation and 37 % military . Although most U . S . airports use the same three - letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA , this airport is assigned GOV by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA ( which assigned GOV to Gove Airport in Australia ) . Facilities . The airport is staffed from dawn until dusk . The parking area can accommodate fixed - wing aircraft with parking for 100 helicopters , 50 with cement pads with a total of 70 tie downs . The control tower was recently upgraded to a STVS ( Small Tower Voice Switch ) system with positions in three different locations . There is an operations building which includes an operations center , flight planning room , safety office , commander ' s office , and a weather room . Additionally , the airfield contains a maintenance hangar , crash rescue barn and NAVAIDS which include TVOR , NDB , VASI and REIL . Runways . The airfield consists of two 5000x150 - foot runways with overrun and wide connecting taxiway s . Runway 5 / 23 and taxiways A / D / E are closed during the winter months , since there is no snow removal on these surfaces .
Pathfinder Badge ( United States ) The Pathfinder Badge is a military badge of the United States Army awarded to soldiers who successfully complete the U . S . Army Pathfinder School at Fort Benning , Georgia . To be awarded the Pathfinder Badge , the soldier must complete Pathfinder instruction in advanced land navigation , advanced scouting , tactical air traffic control in the field , and the control of parachute operations ; the badge is awarded on completing several examinations under field training exercise ( FTX ) conditions . Examinations include proficiency in sling load rigging and execution , planning and execution of helicopter landing zones ( HLZ ) , air traffic control operations , aerial delivery of troops and supplies , and several others . The first Pathfinder Badge was designed by Lt . Prescott , a navigator in the 9th Troop Carrier Pathfinder Group ( Provisional ) , in May 1944 . Besides the paratrooper s who earned it , the Pathfinder Badge was worn by IX Troop Carrier Command air crews who guided paratrooper transports and towed gliders . It was worn four inches above the left sleeve cuff on the service coat . The current Pathfinder Badge , originally made of felt , was approved on 22 May 1964 . The badge began being made of enameled metal on 11 October 1968 . The badge ' s wings symbolize flight and airborne capabilities , while the torch represents leadership and guidance . The torch traces back to the Olympians who carried the torch each year of the event to its location . US Army Pathfinders traditionally were the first to arrive ahead of larger elements in order to scout and designate areas in which aviation assets could perform their operations during combat .
Herbert Broennle Herbert Broennle ( 25 December 1920 – 4 July 1943 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Herbert Broennle was killed on 4 July 1943 when he was shot down and crashed north of Lake Lentini in Italy . He was credited with 58 victories in 387 missions .
13th Space Warning Squadron The 13th Space Warning Squadron ( 13SWS ) is a missile warning unit assigned to the United States Air Force and located at Clear Air Force Station 5 miles ( 8 km ) south of Anderson , Alaska , Mission . The primary mission of the 13th SWS is to provide early warning of intercontinental ballistic missile s ( ICBMs ) and submarine - launched ballistic missile s ( SLBMs ) launches to the Missile Warning Center at North American Aerospace Defense Command . The secondary mission of the 13SWS is to provide space surveillance data on orbiting objects to the Space Control Center also located in the Cheyenne Mountain Complex . History . The 13th SWS is controlled by the Missile Warning Center , part of the NORAD , and by the Space Control Center , part of United States Strategic Command . Both agencies are located at the Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center in Colorado . Clear accomplishes these missions using the Solid State Phased Array Radar System ( SSPARS ) radar . Clear ' s radar was originally located at El Dorado Air Station , Texas as part of the PAVE PAWS program and was only recently transplanted to Alaska to replace the US ' last mechanical missile warning radar site .
Battle of Ładyżyn The battle of Ladyzhyn or battle of Ładyżyn ( ) took place on July 18 , 1672 , during the Polish – Ottoman War ( 1672 – 76 ) . It involved a 30 , 000 strong army , which consisted of Crimean Tatars and a unit of Zaporozhian Cossacks loyal to Petro Doroshenko , and a pro - Polish regiment of Cossack Hetman Mykhailo Khanenko . The forces met near Ladyzhyn , which at that time was called Ładyżyn . Since Khanenko ’ s regiment numbered only 4 , 000 soldiers , he asked for help from the Castellan of Podlasie , Karol Luzecki , with 2 , 500 cavalry and dragoon s . Khanenko and Luzecki joined forces on July 18 , and marched towards the village of Czetwertynowka . Their army was consisted of a traditional Cossack tabor in the center , Polish cavalry on both sides , and dragoons in the back . After a small skirmish , a Cossack unit loyal to Doroshenko was pushed beyond the Boh river . Polish cavalry continued the advance , but the opponent counterattacked , which resulted in heavy Polish losses . The skirmish , due to the efforts of Khanenko and Luzecki , ended in Polish victory , but it was a Pyrrhic victory , as the losses were very high .
Evans ' Regiment of Militia Evans ' Regiment of Militia also known as the 4th New Hampshire Militia Regiment was called up at Exeter , New Hampshire on September 8 , 1777 as reinforcements for the Continental Army during the Saratoga Campaign . The regiment marched quickly to join the gathering forces of General Horatio Gates as he faced British General John Burgoyne in northern New York . The regiment served in General Ebenezer Learned ' s brigade of the Continental Army . With the surrender of Burgoyne ' s Army on October 17 the regiment was disbanded on December 15 , 1777 . The Regiment was called up again as part of Gen . John Sullivan ' s army at the unsuccessful Battle of Rhode Island in 1778 .
6 Squadron SAAF 6 Squadron was a South African Air Force unit first formed just before World War II . It was disbanded and re - created a number of times , until finally disbanded in October 1990 . The squadron was formed in Cape Town in April 1939 and was equipped with Westland Wapiti IIIs . Initial duties at the outbreak of war was that of anti - submarine coastal patrols from Youngsfield as part of Coastal Command . In February 1940 , the unit was moved to Waterkloof and renumbered 1 Squadron . On 26 February 1942 it was re - formed again at Swartkop with the Curtiss Mohawk IV and moved to Stanger on the east coast and then to Eerste River in the Cape , flying Wapitis , Fairey Battle s and Hawker Hart bees . The squadron was again disbanded on 31 July 1943 when the threat of a Japanese invasion of Madagascar had been circumvented by the Allied invasion of the island . On 5 July 1952 the squadron was reformed as a citizen force unit , flying Harvards from Port Elizabeth but was again disbanded in 1959 . It was resurrected in May 1961 , again flying Harvards ; from 1973 to 1976 the squadron flew a single Cessna 185 . In March 1975 it began receiving Impala Mk Is which remained as the operational aircraft fit until the unit ' s final disbandment in October 1990 . References . < br >
Henry Schauer Henry Schauer ( October 9 , 1918 – June 16 , 1997 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Schauer joined the Army from Scobey , Montana , and by May 23 , 1944 was serving as a private first class in the 15th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division . On that day , near Cisterna di Littoria , Italy , he single - handedly killed five German sniper s and disabled two machine gun emplacements . The next day he destroyed a third German machine gun nest . He was subsequently promoted to technical sergeant and , on October 27 , 1944 , awarded the Medal of Honor . Schauer died at age 78 and was buried in Salem , Oregon ' s City View Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Schauer ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty . On May 23 , 1944 , at 12 noon , Pfc . ( now T / Sgt . ) Schauer left the cover of a ditch to engage 4 German snipers who opened fire on the patrol from its rear . Standing erect he walked deliberately 30 yards toward the enemy , stopped amid the fire from 4 rifles centered on him , and with 4 bursts from his BAR , each at a different range , killed all of the snipers . Catching sight of a fifth sniper waiting for the patrol behind a house chimney , Pfc . Schauer brought him down with another burst . Shortly after , when a heavy enemy artillery concentration and 2 machineguns temporarily halted the patrol , Pfc . Schauer again left cover to engage the enemy weapons single - handed . While shells exploded within 15 yards , showering dirt over him , and strings of grazing German tracer bullets whipped past him at chest level , Pfc . Schauer knelt , killed the 2 gunners of the machinegun only 60 yards from him with a single burst from his BAR , and crumpled 2 other enemy soldiers who ran to man the gun . Inserting a fresh magazine in his BAR , Pfc . Schauer shifted his body to fire at the other weapon 500 yards distant and emptied his weapon into the enemy crew , killing all 4 Germans . Next morning , when shells from a German Mark VI tank and a machinegun only 100 yards distant again forced the patrol to seek cover , Pfc . Schauer crawled toward the enemy machinegun . stood upright only 80 yards from the weapon as its bullets cut the surrounding ground , and 4 tank shells fired directly at him burst within 20 yards . Raising his BAR to his shoulder , Pfc . Schauer killed the 4 members of the German machinegun crew with 1 burst of fire .
USS Inflict ( AM - 251 ) USS " Inflict " ( AM - 251 ) was an " Admirable " - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters , and served the Navy in the North Atlantic Ocean and then in the Pacific Ocean . At war ' s end , she returned home with three battle star s to her credit . Inflict was laid down 26 October 1943 by Savannah Machine & Foundry Co . , Savannah , Georgia ; launched 16 January 1944 ; and commissioned 28 August 1944 , Lt . Comdr . Sherman B . Wetmore in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . After shakedown and minesweeping exercises off the Virginia coast , " Inflict " arrived Casco Bay , Maine , 30 October 1944 for antisubmarine warfare exercises . Following upkeep at Norfolk , Virginia , she arrived Miami , Florida , 1 December 1944 for duty as training school ship . " Inflict " trained student officers until 1 April 1945 when she sailed for the U . S . West Coast , arriving San Diego , California , 5 May 1945 . Transfer to the Pacific Fleet . Two days later she sailed for the Far East , and engaged in convoy escort duty and minesweeping off Okinawa while American units ashore fought against the opposition . After the Americans declared the island secured 21 June 1945 , " Inflict " operated out of it as a base . End - of - War Activity . From 13 to 23 August 1945 she swept minefields on Kyūshū clearing the way for vessels bringing American occupation forces . She then returned to Okinawa to prepare for occupation duty . As the greatest sea war in history ended in Allied victory , " Inflict " departed Okinawa 30 August 1945 for operations in Korea , Formosa , and Japan , remaining there until January 1946 . The minesweeper returned to San Pedro , California , 17 February 1946 for training and readiness operations . Post - War Decommissioning . After a summer cruise to Guam and Pearl Harbor , she arrived Bremerton , Washington in mid - October 1946 , decommissioning there 6 November 1946 . " Inflict " was transferred to the Maritime Commission 8 October 1948 and released to her purchaser , Ricardo Granola , the same day . She was renamed Manabi and placed into mercantile service . Her ultimate fate is not known . Awards . " Inflict " received three battle stars for World War II service .