naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Foxhole radio A foxhole radio is a radio built by G . I . s during World War II . The foxhole radio differed from the crystal radio . A razor blade and pencil were used as a diode in a foxhole radio while a piece of crystal is used as a diode in a crystal radio . The foxhole radio is like a crystal set in that it does not require an external power source . The radio is powered by the radio frequency that it receives . This made the foxhole radio ideal for the prisoner of war ( POW ) . Prisoners of war made these radios to keep up with current events . Generally , this radio is called so because of the foxholes - small man - made underground shelters used along defensive lines during the war , and so , any radio built during the war can be regarded to be a foxhole radio , but ideally , this radio does NOT use semiconductors and does not have access to a power supply . In 1942 Lieutenant Colonel R . G . Wells was a prisoner of war in Japan . Wells built a foxhole radio because he lacked information about the international situation . The whole POW camp had a genuine craving for news by whatever means according to Wells . Designs . Foxhole radios were built using numerous designs . Most of them used a razor blade which had a wire running from each blade between the headphone terminals and antenna with a pencil lead sitting on the blade . Most of these wartime sets did not have a slider / tuner arm . Without the tuner they could only tune into one frequency . Richard Lucas , a POW in Vietnam , constructed a radio in camp and built his own earphones . Richard built his earphones by binding four nails together with cloth then winding wire and dripping wax over the turns . After about ten layers of wire he placed it in a piece of bamboo . A tin can lid was placed over the coil of wire . The listener connected the improvised earphone to the foxhole radio and received three radio stations . Best listening was at night , according to Lucas . Operation . The incoming radio frequency send electricity back and forth in the coil . The electricity must be fixed so that its changes will go in one direction to the earphones . The safety razor and graphite from the the pencil act like a gate . When the blade ' s steel and pencil ' s graphite come in contact with each other they will only allow electricity to go in one direction due to the semiconductor properties of graphine found in the graphite of a pencil . After the electricity goes through the steel and graphite it goes into the headphones . History . During World War II , Toivo Kujanpaa stationed at Anzio Beachhead used a Foxhole radio to receive German propaganda programs . The propaganda programs were directed towards American military from an Axis station in Rome . American G . I . ' s in Italy would put several radios together . The G . I . s would listen at night near the front lines to phonograph records played on a radio station in Rome . You could usually hear a radio station on a foxhole radio if you lived twenty five or thirty miles away .
Battle of Dove Creek The Battle of Dove Creek was a small engagement during the American Civil War that took place January 8 , 1865 , along Dove Creek in what is now southwest Tom Green County , Texas . Texan soldiers under Confederate captains Henry Fossett and S . S . Totten , misunderstanding which tribe occupied a discovered camp , attacked a tribe of peaceful Kickapoo Indians and were badly beaten by an organized defense . Background . In mid - December 1864 , Captain N . M . Gillentine and two dozen Texas militia men discovered an abandoned Indian camp of 92 shelter sites along the Clear Fork of the Brazos River , and , suspecting the site to be evidence of hostile Comanche or Kiowa Indians , called for militia to locate and address the threat . On January 1 , 1865 , Texas Frontier Battalion troops under the command of Captain Henry Fossett arrived at Fort Chadbourne to await the militia concentration . After two days , Fossett led his two companies in search of the trail and located the natives along the Dove Creek , encamped in timberland . Battle . Just as Fossett prepared his morning assault , the exhausted militia troops arrived after hard forced march , and the two captains chose to cooperate in a joint attack . Totten agreed that the militia would form a line of battle and approach the camp in a frontal assault astride the creek from the north while better equipped Confederates under Fossett would maneuver around to the southwest , capture the Indians ' grazing horse herd , and attack from the flank . Kickapoo Indians inside the camp had been peaceful since the days of the Black Hawk War , but they were not unprepared for violence . The Kickapoo benefited from the well - placed camp , located on a tall bank covered with light timber and protected by natural brier thickets common to the Cross Timbers area . The first militia attacks suffered from brier hazards while under intense Indian rifle fire . According to a witness , three Texan officers ( including Gillentine ) and sixteen enlisted men were killed in the first few minutes . Fossett ' s flank attack initially succeeded in capturing the herd , but assault by a Confederate detachment under Lieutenant J . A . Brooks broke down after native gunfire killed a dozen horses . Gradually , the isolated Confederate columns found themselves in crossfire with the Indians closing in . After a brief rout , militia reformed along the Spring Creek to the north , and Kickapoo pursuers inflicted additional casualties on the Confederates escaping to the camp .
USA - 234 USA - 234 , also known as NRO Launch 25 or NROL - 25 , is an American reconnaissance satellite , operated by the National Reconnaissance Office . Launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 2012 , it has been identified as the second radar imaging satellite to be launched as part of the Future Imagery Architecture programme . USA - 234 was launched by United Launch Alliance , using a Delta IV carrier rocket , making its first flight in the Medium + ( 5 , 2 ) configuration . The rocket was launched from Space Launch Complex 6 at Vandenberg , at 23 : 12 : 57 UTC ( 16 : 12 PDT ) on 3 April 2012 . It was identified as NRO Launch 25 , and was the nineteenth flight of a Delta IV ; the vehicle was designated Delta 359 , and named " Electra " . The satellite ' s orbit and mission are officially classified , however it has been located by amateur observers in a orbit , inclined at 123 degrees .
Charles de Lannoy Charles de Lannoy ( c . 1487 – 23 September 1527 ) was a soldier and statesman from the Low Countries in service of the Habsburg Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V of Spain . Charles de Lannoy was born the younger son of Jean de Lannoy , Lord of Mingoval , himself nephew of Jean III de Lannoy . His mother was Philipotte de Lalaing ( c . 1487 ) . He took service with the Emperor Maximilian I and won distinction for bravery and leadership . He was appointed member to the council of Charles of Burgundy ; later Emperor Charles V and his Caballerizo mayor in 1515 . He was appointed knight of the Golden Fleece in 1516 . He became governor of Tournai in 1521 , was made viceroi of Naples in 1522 and made commander in chief of Imperial armies in Italy upon the death of Prospero Colonna at the end of 1523 . His main experience in that era ' s warfare consisted chiefly of the Italian War of 1521 and the War of the League of Cognac . He commanded the Battle of the Sesia ( 1524 ) , and the siege of Marseille ( 1524 ) and Pavia ( 1525 ) . In 1526 he became the first count of Lannoy and Mayordomo mayor to the Emperor . He died of a sudden illness in Naples on 23 September 1527 .
HMS King Alfred ( 1901 ) HMS " King Alfred " was a 14 , 100 - ton " Drake " - class armoured cruiser of the Royal Navy . So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name , after Alfred the Great , historical king of Wessex . Service history . " King Alfred " was built by Vickers Limited at Barrow - in - Furness and launched on 28 October 1901 , when she was named by the Countess of Lathom . Like her sisters , " King Alfred " served in the First World War , surviving it to be sold for breaking up on 30 January 1920 . She was finally broken up in the Netherlands .
Adulterine castle Adulterine castles were fortification s built in England during the 12th century without royal approval , particularly during the civil war of the Anarchy between 1139 and 1154 . Details . During the civil war of the Anarchy , fought between the factions of Stephen of England and the Empress Matilda , both sides built a number of new castle s to defend their territories and act as bases for expansion , typically motte and bailey designs such as those at Winchcombe , Upper Slaughter , or Bampton by the Empress ' s followers . Similarly , Stephen built a new chain of fen - edge castles at Burwell , Lidgate , Rampton , Caxton , and Swavesey – all about six to nine miles ( ten to fifteen km ) apart – in order to protect his lands around Cambridge . Many of these castles were termed " adulterine " , meaning unauthorised , because no formal permission was given for their construction . Traditionally the King retained the right to approve new castle construction , but in the chaos of the war this was no longer the case . Contemporary chroniclers saw this as a matter of concern ; Robert of Torigny suggested that as many as 1 , 115 such castles had been built during the conflict , although this was probably an exaggeration as elsewhere he suggests an alternative figure of 126 . Matilda ' s son Henry II assumed the throne at the end of the war and immediately announced his intention to eliminate the adulterine castles that had sprung up during the war , but it is unclear how successful this effort was . Robert of Torigny recorded that 375 were destroyed , without giving the details behind the figure ; recent studies of selected regions have suggested that fewer castles were probably destroyed than once thought and that many may simply have been abandoned at the end of the conflict . Certainly many of the new castles were transitory in nature : historian Oliver Creighton observes that 56 percent of those castles known to have been built during Stephen ' s reign have " entirely vanished " . The term " adulterine " has been challenged in late 20th - century and 21st century scholarship . Some argue that it gives too strong a sense of royal authority and authorisation in the years running up to the Anarchy and gives a misleading impression of the process of gaining permission for castle construction .
Solveig Krey Solveig Krey ( born 1963 ) is a Norwegian naval officer . She hails from Lonkan , and graduated from the Norwegian Naval Academy in 1989 . She became the first female commanding officer of a submarine in the world , when she took command of the first Kobben class submarine , on 11 September 1995 . She was also the first female commander of a Royal Norwegian Navy vessel .
Eduard von Böhm - Ermolli Eduard Freiherr von Böhm - Ermolli ( 12 February 1856 – 9 December 1941 ) was an Austrian general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro - Hungarian Army . On October 30 , 1940 he was promoted into a German general - fieldmarshal . Biography . Eduard Böhm was born in the Italian city of Ancona where his father served with a small representative detachment of the Austro - Hungarian army . His father , Georg Böhm ( 1813 – 1893 ) , had as a sergeant won a battlefield commission for bravery after the battle of Novara in 1849 , been promoted to the rank of major upon his retirement in 1877 , and been elevated to hereditary nobility in September 1885 . In June 1885 he had received permission to attach his wife ' s ( Maria Josepha Ermolli ) maiden name to his family name , and hence the family was known as " von Böhm - Ermolli " . Böhm - Ermolli was trained at the cadet academy in St . Pölten and the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt and entered the service on 1 September 1875 as a lieutenant in the dragoon s . He served in a variety of line and staff positions , steadily rose through the ranks , being promoted to General of the Cavalry on 1 May 1912 and appointed commanding general of the 1st Army Corps in Kraków . At the start of World War I , Böhm - Ermolli was given command of the Austrian 2nd Army , which was intended for action on the Serbian front . After the Russian Empire mobilised , the 2nd Army was diverted to the Russian front , where it reinforced the armies of Austria ' s German ally . Böhm - Ermolli was promoted to " Generaloberst " in May 1916 and to " Feldmarschall " in January 1918 . In March 1918 , his forces occupied the Ukraine . His Army Group was dissolved at Odessa at the war ' s end . He then settled in his home town of Troppau in Austrian Silesia , which became part of Czechoslovakia in 1919 , and the government of Czechoslovakia paid him his pension and honored him as a General 1st Class in the reserve . In 1928 he became an " Army General " of Czechoslovakia , even though he never served in the Czechoslovak army . When the Sudetenland , the predominantly German settled regions along the fringes of Czechoslovakia , was annexed to Nazi Germany in 1938 , he became a German subject and received an honorary promotion to " Generalfeldmarschall " of the German army . In addition he was appointed honorary colonel - in - chief of Infantry Regiment 28 in his hometown of Troppau ( Opava ) . When he died in December 1941 , he was accorded a state funeral with full military honors in Vienna .
Walsh Brothers Flying Boats The Walsh Brothers Flying boats were World War I pilot training aircraft from New Zealand . Walsh Brothers . Brothers Leo and Vivian Walsh built and flew a Howard Wright biplane in 1910 and flew it on 5 February 1911 . When in August the aircraft crashed it was rebuilt by the brothers into what was in reality an entirely new aircraft , with a streamlined nacelle between the wings , which now had swept outer bay , while the canard was replaced by a conventional tailplane . The New Zealand Flying School . During 1914 they began construction of a two place flying boat similar to a Curtiss design . After the war broke out , the brothers founded the New Zealand Flying School in October 1915 to train men for the Royal Flying Corps . The Curtiss based design was modified with dual controls to become a trainer and first flown 1 January 1915 . The first class of three included the fighter ace , Keith Caldwell . Classes were always small but - in contrast to overseas training - comprehensive . Evolution of the Curtiss Design . Due to the difficulties obtaining suitable training aircraft , the Walsh brothers decided to build their own trainers , initially based on this pattern . Over the next four years they produced a series of four flying boat designs , evolved from , but bearing little resemblance to the original Curtiss model . The last of the Walsh Brothers designs , the Type D of 1919 was an aerodynamically and hydrodynamically advanced machine , with a powerful Beardmore engine . Sale to NZPAF . The flying school struggled to gain clients after the war , and all assets of the flying school were acquired for the NZPAF in 1924 . All Walsh brothers flying boats had been made for the use of the school , not for sale . The NZPAF had a landplane based training programme using the Avro 504 K and had no use for the flying boats . The survivors are believed to have been burnt on the Auckland waterfront , however there are " lost treasure " stories that these and some of the other machines used by the flying school are stored on a defence force base at Devonport in tunnels bricked up after the Second World War .
Hans - Georg von Charpentier Hans Georg von Charpentier ( 16 July 1902 — 9 March 1945 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Hans Georg von Charpentier was born in Strassburg on the 16 July 1902 . In his early years he was employed as a stall master in the Hippodrome at Frankfurt . Then from 1932 to 1935 he was on tour in Saarbrücken , when on tour he joined the NSDAP in August 1933 ( party number 1375222 ) and volunteered to join the SS - VT in May 1935 in Hagen ( SS number 258019 ) . By the start of World War II he had been posted into the 3rd Squadron , 1st SS Totenkopf Cavalry Regiment . World War II . In World War II Von Charpentier was selected to become an officer and promoted to Untersturmfuhrer ( Second Lieutenant ) in October 1940 , he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class in August 1941 , fighting in the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa when he was the Reconnaissance troop commander the Iron Cross 1st class was awarded in January 1942 . In November 1942 , he was given command of the 3rd Squadron , 15th SS Cavalry Regiment . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in December 1942 when in command of the 3rd Squadron von Charpentier did not survive the war , he was killed in action during the attempted breakout from Budapest on the 9 March 1945 .
USS Henry W . Tucker ( DD - 875 ) The second USS " Henry W . Tucker " ( DD - 875 ) was a " Gearing " - class destroyer of the United States Navy . She was named for Pharmacist ’ s Mate Third Class Henry W . Tucker ( 1919 – 1942 ) who was killed in action during the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 May 1942 and posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . History . " Henry W . Tucker " was laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas on 29 May 1944 , launched on 8 November 1944 by Mrs . Henry Walton Tucker , the mother of the late Pharmacist ’ s Mate Third Class Henry W . Tucker , and commissioned on 12 March 1945 . " Henry W . Tucker " operated with the United States Seventh Fleet in support of United Nations Forces during the Korean War , and participated in the Blockade of Wonsan and other North Korean ports . After she alernately served on the United States West Coast and in Hawaiian waters with deployments to the Western Pacific with the Seventh Fleet . She underwent an extensive Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization ( FRAM ) overhaul at the Boston Naval Shipyard in Boston , Massachusetts , between 13 December 1962 and 4 December 1963 . During the Vietnam War " Henry W . Tucker " served as plane guard for aircraft carrier s on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf , participated in Operation Sea Dragon and Operation Market Time , patrolled on search and rescue duties , and carried out naval gunfire support missions . " Henry W . Tucker " was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 December 1973 , transferred to Brazil , renamed " Marcilio Dias " , and placed in service with the Brazilian Navy . After her service with the Brazilian Navy , " Marcilio Dias ( D - 25 ) " was decommissioned and sunk as a target ship during a torpedo exercise on 19 September 1994 . References .
RAF Wymeswold RAF Wymeswold is a former RAF station which was located north - east of Loughborough , Leicestershire , England . The airfield is situated between Hoton , Wymeswold and Burton on the Wolds , laying in the current district of Charnwood . History . It was opened on 16 May 1942 during World War II and was home to Wellington bombers amongst others . It was not used for operations over Germany , but for training . It initially trained bomber pilots until 1944 , then was taken over by RAF Transport Command , to train Dakota pilots . RAF Castle Donington was used as a satellite airfield which post - war has turned into East Midlands Airport . Post - war . From 1949 it was part of Fighter Command , flying Spitfires until 1950 , then Meteors , although the aircraft were flown by the Royal Auxiliary Air Force . The RAuxAF was disbanded on 10 March 1957 , which led to the closure of the airfield , after it had served as a satellite station of RAF Syerston for its Jet Provost training aircraft . Closure . It was closed as an RAF station in early 1957 , although it continued to be used for aircraft maintenance by various private organisations until 1968 . It did not close as an RAF Base in 1957 as RAF Syerston still used it as a satellite airfield in 1963 . Based units . During World War II the airfield was home to Operational Training Units , however post war the airfield was used by squadrons flying new jets like the Hawker Hunter . Current use . The airfield is now disused although many of the original buildings remain and there is currently an industrial estate on the site ; the runway still exists and is used for motorsport . The entire airfield and associated buildings lie completely outside the civil parish of Wymeswold , with the north half being in Hoton , and the southern half in Prestwold . On the eastern fringe of the airfield is the Wymeswold Industrial Estate , where there is a go - karting facility . The Hoton - Wymeswold road runs alongside the airfield . The airfield has also been host for regattas of land sailing . In the early 1990s , there were plans for a 6 , 000 population new town to be built on the airfield .
Coast Guard Station Toms River Coast Guard Station Toms River is a United States Coast Guard station located in Seaside Park , New Jersey at the mouth of the Toms River . The area was manned in 1856 with Samuel Chadwick as the first lifeguard . The first boathouse was constructed in 1872 by the New Jersey Life Saving Service as the Toms River Life Saving Station . Station Toms River was United States Life - Saving Service Station # 13 and Coast Guard ' s Station # 109 in the 5th District . History . The New Jersey Life Saving Service was established on August 9 , 1854 . Samuel Chadwick was appointed the first lifeguard in 1856 . A boathouse for the Toms River Life Saving Station was built in 1872 on Decatur Avenue . The station was transferred to the United States Life - Saving Service in 1898 . Between 1898 and 1900 a new , larger station was built on the same Decatur Avenue site . On November 30 , 1896 the schooner Bertha Warner ran aground and the station saved all but one man . The crew of the station consisted of Elwood Rogers , Pete Newman , Joe Smyers , Jim Applegate , George Everingham and others . In 1906 the " SS Carenz " ran aground and 38 people were rescued . In 1909 the " SS Thurmond " ran aground and Henry Ware led the rescue . In 1915 the United States Life - Saving Service was merged with the United States Revenue Cutter Service to form the United States Coast Guard . The station was turned over to the General Services Administration of the United States government in 1964 . The Borough of Seaside Park bought the building in 1966 and in 1996 transformed it into offices for the city clerk , tax collector , and the water and sewer department .
HMS Dittany ( K279 ) HMS " Dittany " was a of the Royal Navy during the Second World War . On 14 August 1942 , the name Beacon was approved for PG 88 , a modified “ Flower ” class corvette being built at Collingwood , Ontario , Canada . Records indicate that Beacon was to have been accepted under “ reverse lend lease , ” commissioned in Canada and then taken to the Boston Navy Yard for outfitting . Assigned , first , to the United Kingdom on 30 January 1943 but reassigned to the U . S . Navy on 7 March 1943 , she was reassigned again to the Royal Navy on 31 May 1943 and commissioned as HMS " Dittany " , her original British name . She served under that name for the rest of the war .
USS SC - 41 USS " SC - 41 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 41 or USS " S . C . 41 " , was an SC - 1 class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 41 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 19 February 1918 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 41 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 41 " . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 41 " was classified as SC - 41 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 41 " . On 11 May 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 41 " to the C . P . Comerford Company of Lowell , Massachusetts .