naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Vestiaritai The Vestiaritai ( ) were a corps of imperial bodyguards and fiscal officials in the Byzantine Empire , attested from the 11th to the 15th centuries . History and functions . The " vestiaritai " appear in the mid - 11th century , with the first known " vestiaritēs " , John Iberitzes , attested in 1049 . As their name indicates , they had a connection to the imperial wardrobe and treasury , the " vestiarion " , probably initially raised as a guard detachment for it . From circa 1080 on , they were formally distinguished into two groups : the " inner " or " household " " vestiaritai " ( " esō " or " oikeioi vestiaritai " ) , attached to the emperor ' s private treasury ( the " esō / oikeiakon vestiarion " ) under a " megas primikērios " , and the " outer " ( " exō vestiaritai " ) under a " primikērios " , who were probably under the public or state treasury ( " basilikon vestiarion " ) . Gradually , they replaced various other groups of armed guards that the Byzantine emperors had employed inside Constantinople itself , such as the " manglabitai " or the " pantheōtai " , and became the exclusive corps of the emperor ' s confidential agents . As the princess and historian Anna Komnene writes , they were the courtiers " closest " to the emperor . With the military crisis of the 1070s , they were also formed into a regular palace guard regiment , serving alongside the Varangian Guard in the Komnenian - era army . The " vestiaritai " are attested as late as 1387 , and likely continued to exist after . In the 13th and 14th centuries , however , their role was chiefly fiscal : they were responsible for levying soldiers and wagons from the provinces , under the control of the " domestikos " of the themes of the East . The chief of the " vestiaritai " was called prōtovestiaritēs ( πρωτοβεστιαρίτης ) in the 13th and 14th centuries ( not to be confused with the much older and more important office of " prōtovestiarios " ) . The title is attested as late as 1451 , when it was held by the historian George Sphrantzes . In the mid - 14th century " Book of Offices " of Pseudo - Kodinos , it ranks nineteenth in the order of precedence , following the " parakoimōmenos " of the bedchamber . According to the same work , its insignia were : a wooden staff ( " dikanikion " ) with gold and red - gold knobs , a " skiadion " hat with embroidery of the " klapotōn " type , another type of hat called " skaranikon " of white and gold silk with gold - wire embroidery and images of the emperor in the front and back , and a silk robe of office or " kabbadion " .
Frank R . Walker Frank Robinson Walker ( 1899 – 1976 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War II , most notably during the Solomon Islands campaign between 1942 and 1943 . Biography . Born in Florence , Alabama , Walker entered the United States Naval Academy , graduating in 1922 . Serving in various positions throughout the 1920s and 1930s , Walker distinguished himself during the attack on Pearl Harbor when , commanding the destroyer , he was one of the few captains to escape the harbor during the raid . In early 1942 , Walker was assigned command of Destroyer Division 8 in the Southwest Pacific area , later leading screening and reconnaissance operation shortly before the landings at Guadalcanal and Tulagi on August 7 , 1942 . Walker would take part in the Battle of Savo Island during the night of August 8 – 9 , where Japanese naval forces sank one Australian and three American cruiser s suffering minimal casualties . While commanding Destroyer Squadron 4 during the Solomon Islands campaign , Walker failed to prevent a Japanese naval force consisting of nine destroyer s and twelve various other ships from evacuating the 600 - man garrison during the Battle of Vella Lavella on October 6 – 7 , 1943 . Appointed commander of Roosevelt Base and Small Craft Training Center at San Pedro ( now part of Los Angeles , California ) the following year . Walker was given command of the attack transport and departed San Diego , 1 January 1945 . " La Grange " participated in the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific — the invasion of Okinawa . On 13 August , while still at anchor at Buckner Bay , " La Grange " came under attack by five Kamikaze planes - one of the last such attacks of the war . Gunners were able to destroy all but one which struck the super structure carrying a 500 pound bomb . It exploded in the sick bay killing all wounded . Casualties were 21 dead and 89 wounded . Six more died later of their wounds . In 1946 , Walker was given command of the light cruiser , until appointed to the Ships ' Organization Board , and later the Navy Department ' s Navy Regulation Board the following year . Walker would eventually leave military service in 1952 and lived in retirement until his death in 1976 .
Karanbahadur Rana Karanbahadur Rana VC ( 21 December 1898 – 25 July 1973 ) was a Nepalese recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 19 years old , and a Rifleman in the 2nd Battalion , 3rd Gurkha Rifles , Indian Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 10 April 1918 at El Kefr , Egypt , during an attack , Rifleman Karanbahadur Rana and a few other men crept forward with a Lewis gun under intense fire to engage an enemy machine - gun . No . 1 of the Lewis gun team opened fire but was shot almost immediately , whereupon the rifleman pushed the dead man off the gun , opened fire , knocked out the enemy gun crew and then silenced the fire of the enemy bombers and riflemen in front of him . During the remainder of the day he did magnificent work and finally assisted with covering fire in the withdrawal , until the enemy were close on him . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Gurkha Museum " ( Winchester , Hampshire , England ) " .
79th Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 79th Division was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) during the Korean War . They were a component of the 27th Army . Two CCF Divisions , the 79th and 89th , attacked the 5th Marine Regiment west of the Chosin Reservoir in the Yudam - ni area . The marines killed the Chinese by the hundreds but were in danger of being cut off from the division headquarters at Hagaru - ri , at the southern end of the reservoir . The 79th Division was ordered to attack Yudam - ni from the north . East of the Chosin , the 80th Division , with one regiment of the 81st attached , would attack and destroy the army forces there . By November 29 , they realized the offensive was not going well . The forces at Yudam - ni had failed to break into the perimeter . That evening they changed the plan and shifted the principal effort to the 31st RCT east of the reservoir . They committed the two additional regiments of the 81st Division to the attack , with , possibly an additional regiment of the 94th Division . In September 1952 the 24th Army replaced the 27th Army and they rotated the 27th Army back to China . During the 2nd Sino - Vietnamese War ( 1984 – 1988 ) , the 79th Division ( reinforced with the 241st Regiment from the 81st Division ) fought from April 1987 to April 1988 . They were supported by the 14th Artillery Division ( 10th and 37th Artillery Regiments ) , Beijing Military Region . During the 1year period , they sustained 63 KIA and 172 WIA .
8 . 8 cm SK C / 30 naval gun The 8 . 8 cm SK C / 30 was a German naval gun that was used in World War II . Description . The 8 . 8 cm SK C / 30 gun weighed , had an overall length of and its bore length was . It used a vertical sliding - block breech design .
USCGC Winnisimmet ( WYT - 84 ) USCGC " Winnisimmet " was one of two " Winnisimmet " - class harbor tugs constructed for the Revenue Cutter Service in 1903 and stationed at Boston , Massachusetts . The Navy assumed control of her from 6 April 1917 to 28 August 1919 during World War I . In September 1919 she was transferred from Boston to Baltimore , Maryland , where she remained until 1932 . She was then assigned to Norfolk , Virginia where she remained in service until being decommissioned in October 1945 . Before the U . S . Coast Guard was formed in 1915 , she was known as the USRC " Winnisimmet " . The other cutter in the " Winnisimmet " - class was the USRC " Wissahickon " .
Robert Kaestner Robert Kaestner ( 27 October 1913 – 18 November 1990 ) was an Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Robert Kaestner was captured by American troops in 1945 and was released in 1946 .
Alvin Lee Marts Alvin Lee Marts , born 4 August 1923 at Wilsonville , Nebraska , enlisted in the Navy at Denver , Colorado , 2 July 1941 . United States Navy career . He served on USS Yorktown ( CV - 5 ) and survived her loss following the Battle of Midway . Transferred to USS New Orleans ( CA - 32 ) , " Marts " served in the heavy cruiser as a fireman , second class . During the protracted struggle for control of southern Solomon Islands , an American cruiser and destroyer force , including New Orleans , Louisiana , fought Japanese destroyers in Ironbottom Sound late 30 November 1942 . Awarded Navy Cross . Early in the Battle of Tassafaronga , New Orleans took a torpedo hit in her port bow which exploded two magazines and blew off the forward part of the ship back to No . 2 turret . Assigned to the forward battle repair party , " Marts " was gravely injured by the blast and fires . However , in complete disregard for his own safety , he assisted in carrying an injured medical officer to the battle dressing station amidships where he collapsed from loss of blood and exhaustion . He died from his wounds shortly afterward . For extreme gallantry and self - sacrificing devotion to a stricken comrade , Marts was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously . Namesake . USS Marts ( DE - 174 ) was named in his honor . The ship was launched 8 August 1943 ; sponsored by Miss Betty Marts ; and commissioned 3 September 1943 .
Alaska Veterans Memorial The Alaska Veterans Memorial is an outdoor memorial grove in Denali State Park in Interior Alaska . The memorial honors Army , Navy , Air Force , Marine Corps , Coast Guard , Alaska National Guard , and Merchant Marine veterans from Alaska , as well as specific Alaskans who were awarded the Medal of Honor . There are also small memorials to the passengers and crew of military plane crashes in Alaska . The site was selected because of the scenic beauty of the area and its location between Alaska ' s two largest cities . On a clear day visitors can see Denali from just outside the memorial . It is from Anchorage and from Fairbanks , on a hill above the Byers Lake campground . During the main visitor season ( May – August ) there is a staffed visitor center and bookstore . The main memorial alcove was constructed in 1983 , Governor Bill Sheffield , himself a veteran , dedicated the site in 1984 . Main memorial . While approaching the alcove , visitors pass by small memorials honoring individual Alaskans who were awarded the Medal of Honor , including James Leroy Bondsteel , who lived in Houston , Alaska after retiring from active duty . The main alcove of the memorial consists of five upright concrete slabs , each with a large star cut through the upper section and a description of a branch of the Armed Forces history in Alaska inscribed on the lower section . An inscribed plaque at the entrance honors the Alaska National Guard and the unpaid volunteers of the Alaska Territorial Guard , which filled in for the National Guard when it was mobilized during World War Two . The sculpture at the front of the alcove depicts two members of the Territorial Guard watching for threats with binoculars . Plane crash memorials . Two military plane crashes in Alaska are also memorialized outside of the alcove . In February 1954 a C - 47 crashed into a mountain , killing 10 of the 16 aboard . In November 1957 a TB - 29 Superfortress stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base strayed off course in bad weather and crashed in the Talkeetna Mountains , killing 6 of the 10 crew aboard at the time . One of the survivors was awarded the Soldiers Medal for his lifesaving actions while the survivors awaited rescue .
Tenth Army ( United Kingdom ) The Tenth Army was a unit of the British Army during World War II created in Iraq and formed from the major part of " Paiforce " ( Persia and Iraq Force ) . It was active in 1942 and 1943 , and then disbanded . In April 1941 British and Indian troops had been deployed to Iraq from India under the command of Lieutenant - General Edward Quinan to protect British interests , in particular oil concessions , after a coup d ' etat had brought to power a government sympathetic to the Axis powers . The force was known as Iraqforce and was engaged in the Anglo - Iraqi War which took place in April and May Iraqi rebellion and took part in the defeat of the Vichy forces in the subsequent Syria - Lebanon campaign . Later in 1941 , the force took part in the Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran to prevent the Axis elements from entering Persia , and preventing the possibility of the Germans gaining control of the Iraqi and Persian oil fields . Following this Iraqforce was renamed Paiforce ( Persia and Iraq force ) . After the campaigns of 1941 , Quinan ' s headquarters was redesignated Tenth Army and its main task was the maintenance of the lines of communication to the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian and the protection of the South Persian and Iraqi oilfields . Its badge was a golden Assyrian Lion with human head and eagle ' s wings ( a Cherub Guardian ) . A variation of colouring of this badge was a white Lion on a pale blue background . Quinan was knighted in June 1942 and in August 1942 , he was promoted to be a full general . Tenth Army was initially part of British Middle East Command but became part of Persia and Iraq Command when it was activated in September 1942 .
USS Crane ( DD - 109 ) USS " Crane " ( DD - 109 ) was a " Wickes " - class destroyer in the United States Navy . She is named for naval officer William M . Crane . " Crane " was launched 4 July 1918 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Union Iron Works , San Francisco , California ; sponsored by Mrs . M . McGuire ; and commissioned 18 April 1919 , Lieutenant Commander W . F . Gresham in command . Service history . Clearing San Francisco 21 April 1919 , " Crane " arrived at Newport , Rhode Island , 13 May . She sailed for duty in European waters 5 June , visiting ports in England and France and joining the escort for carrying President Woodrow Wilson to the peace conference . Returning to New York 27 July , " Crane " was assigned to the Pacific Fleet , and arrived at San Francisco 1 September . Here she participated in the Naval Review , during which she was visited by Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels 4 September . After operations off the coast of Washington , " Crane " was placed in reserve at San Diego 26 January 1920 , participating in occasional maneuvers until decommissioned 7 June 1922 , at San Diego . Recommissioned 18 December 1939 , " Crane " joined the Neutrality Patrol in the Pacific . She continued patrols and provided training for Naval Reservists and Armed Guard crews until the outbreak of World War II . World War II . " Crane " remained on the west coast on antisubmarine patrol , local escort duty , training exercises , and screening duty for amphibious exercises until 22 April 1944 , when she was assigned to the West Coast Sound Training School . After the war she departed San Diego 2 October 1945 , arrived at Philadelphia 19 October ; was decommissioned 14 November 1945 ; and sold 1 November 1946 .
Joan Marie Engel Rear Admiral Joan Marie Engel held the position as the 18th Director of the Navy Nurse Corps from September 1994 to August 1998 . She concurrently served as deputy commander for personnel management in the Health Sciences , Education and Training Command , and later as assistant chief for Education , Training and Personnel . Early life . Rear Adm . Engel was born in St . Marys , Pennsylvania in 1940 . She was the first school nurse at Elk County Christian High School . Navy Nurse Corps Career . Engel entered the Navy Nurse Corps in 1969 as a Lieutenant . She served in various stateside and overseas naval hospitals , progressing in rank with jobs of increasing responsibility . She became deputy director of the Nurse Corps , serving under the RADM Mariann Stratton , the 17th Navy Nurse Corps director . Clinical nursing assignments included assignments at the Naval Hospital , Millington , TN ; Branch Medical Clinic , Iwakuni , Japan ; Branch Medical Clinic , LaMaddalena , Sardinia ; and Naval Hospitals in Charleston , SC , Jacksonville , FL , Newport , RI , and Pensacola , FL . Engel ' s administrative assignments included being the first junior Nurse Detailer , BUMED ; the first Assistant Chief of Staff , Logistics , Naval Medical Command , Northeast Region , Great Lakes , IL ; Naval Inspector General staff , Washington , D . C . , and Naval Medical Inspector General staff , BUMED ; and Deputy Director , Navy Nurse Corps , BUMED . She served as the 18th Director , Navy Nurse Corps from October 1994 until August 1998 . Rear Admiral Engel retired in January 2000 as the Assistant Chief , Operational Medicine and Fleet Support , Bureau of Medicine and Surgery , Washington , DC , a position she held since August 1996 . Education . RADM Engel received her nursing diploma from the Mercy Hospital School of Nursing in Buffalo , New York in 1961 . She earned a bachelor ' s degree in public school nursing from Clarion University in Pennsylvania in 1969 . In 1980 , she earned a Master of Science in nursing from the University of Alabama School of Nursing . She is a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing , a Wharton Fellow and holds an honorary fellowship in the American Academy of Medical Administrators . Awards . Engel has earned the Legion of Merit ( two awards ) , the Meritorious Service Medal ( four awards ) , the Navy Commendation Medal ( two awards ) , and the National Defense Medal with bronze star . In 1998 , the Clarion University Alumni Association presented her with the Distinguished Alumni Award .
Girolamo Ramorino General Girolamo Ramorino ( 8 April 1792 – 22 May 1849 ) was born in Genoa , in northern Italy . Career . In the Napoleonic Wars , he fought under Napoleon in Russia . He later took part in the 1821 Piedmont uprising in Italy . In 1830 – 31 , Ramorino aided the Polish insurgents in their November 1830 Uprising . From the mid - 1830s , he helped other revolutionaries such as Mazzini plan the 1848 revolutions . He will forever be known as an incompetent general due to the part he played when asked to arrange for an army to arrive from Paris to aid a rising ; it transpired that he had gambled away his money and that no help would be forthcoming . In the revolutions , he took charge of a Piedmontese division . In 1849 he was accused of disobeying orders before the Battle of Novara , whose outcome sounded the death knell for the Italian revolutions . That same year , he was executed . Upon his own request he was allowed to command the shooting squad himself .
Pavlos Bakoyannis Pavlos Bakoyannis ( ) ( 1935 , Velota , Evrytania - September 26 , 1989 , Athens ) was a liberal Greek politician who was well known for his broadcasts against the Greek military dictatorship of 1967 - 1974 on Bayerische Rundfunk radio . He was shot and killed in the front entrance of his office in 1989 by members of the radical Marxist group " November 17 " ( N17 ) . Bakoyannis was a member of the New Democracy party , for which , at the time of his murder , he was parliamentary leader in the Hellenic Parliament . He was married to Dora Bakoyannis , daughter of Constantine Mitsotakis . After the murder of Pavlos , she passed a law prohibiting the publication of terrorist groups ' post - attack manifestos in Greek newspapers . Dora Bakoyannis has since claimed that the bill was a mistake , and did not attempt to re - establish it after its repeal in 1993 . Dimitris Koufodinas , Iraklis Kostaris and Alexandros Giotopoulos were sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder by an Athens court in December 2003 . Savvas Xiros and Vassilis Tzortzatos both received 18 - year sentences for the murder .
USS Kanawha ( AOG - 31 ) USS " Kanawha " ( AOG - 31 ) was a acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet , and to remote Navy stations . The fourth ship to be named " Kanawha " by the Navy , " AOG - 31 " was laid down 30 August 1944 by the East Coast Shipyard , Inc . , Bayonne , New Jersey , under a Maritime Commission contract ; launched 18 October 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . May T . Norton ; transferred to the Navy 13 November ; and commissioned 23 November 1944 , Lt . C . J . Byrne , USCGR , in command . World War II service . Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay , " Kanawha " cleared Norfolk , Virginia , 15 January 1945 to load oil at Aruba , Netherlands West Indies , and arrived San Pedro , California , 13 February . Pacific Fleet operations . She arrived Pearl Harbor 20 March and departed 6 April with a cargo of lube oil , arriving Eniwetok 2 weeks later . " Kanawha " continued fueling services in the Marshalls and Marianas until she departed Ulithi 7 June with a cargo of lube oil for the Philippines and arrived Leyte 11 June . The tanker operated in the Philippines for the rest of the war and began similar duties at Okinawa 6 October . Post - war decommissioning . " Kanawha " sailed for America 14 November and arrived Mare Island , California , 14 December via Pearl Harbor . She decommissioned 23 March 1946 and was transferred to the War Shipping Administration ( WSA ) August 1946 . She entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay , California , 4 September . She was sold for scrapping 2 March 1964 . Final disposition : scrapped , 1964 .
Glossary of USSR Russian aviation acronyms – Aero - Engines and Equipment This is a glossary of acronyms and initials used for aero - engines and aircraft equipment in the USSR / Russia . The Arabic letter names are phonetic representations of the Cyrillic originals and variations are inevitable .
Forgotten Widows The " Forgotten Widows " are a group of women who were barred from receiving any compensation after the death of their United States Military spouses . As a result of the Survivor Benefit Plan being passed in the late 1970s , spouses of servicemembers who died before the act was put into effect were cut off from receiving any aid from the military . The Department of Defense has repealed certain statutes barring the Forgotten Widows , a vocal minority in recent years , from receiving compensation . In 2001 , the DoD allowed widows of servicemembers who retired from active service before September 21 , 1972 and died before March 21 , 1974 to receive a monthly stipend , on the condition that the widow has not remarried . Any spouses of armed forces reserve members who died before October 1 , 1978 are also eligible . The number of Forgotten Widows still alive is estimated to be in the thousands . Nearly 800 widows applied for compensation upon the relaxing of the Benefit Plan rules in 2001 , with 550 applications approved .
Jungnyeong ( Korean military ) Jungnyeong is a South Korean officer rank which is considered the equivalent of a lieutenant colonel ( in the Army and Air Force ) and also to a commander in the Republic of Korea Navy . The insignia of a " jungnyeong " is denoted by two silver starbursts worn on the collar .