naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
George Middleton ( 1735 – 1815 ) George Middleton ( 1735 – April 6 , 1815 ) was an African - American Revolutionary War veteran , a Prince Hall Freemason , and a community civil rights activist in Massachusetts . War service . Middleton was one of 5 , 000 African Americans to serve in the military on the Patriot side of the Revolutionary War , although scant evidence survives about his military service . Colonel Middleton served as commander of the Bucks of America , a Boston - based unit of the Massachusetts militia . Few details have survived about the Bucks , one of only two all - black Patriot units in the war . After the war , Governor John Hancock honored Colonel Middleton and his company by presenting him with a flag to commemorate their service . The flag still exists and is owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society . Post - war . After the American Revolution , African Americans began to form their own small community in a town called the North Slop of Beacon Hill in Boston , Massachusetts - Middleton being one of the first . Middleton bought land on Pinckney Street and with a friend built a home . Middleton was a violinist , a horse breaker , and coachman . He gained considerable recognition for his accomplishments and was a constant fighter for the rights of African Americans . To that end he organized the African Benevolent Society in 1796 , an organization that provided financial relief and job placement for members - primarily widows and orphans . In 1808 he published an anti - slavery statement along with his Masonic brother Prince Hall stating , " Freedom is desirable , if not , would men sacrifice their time , their property and finally their lives in the pursuit of this ? " With this powerful statement parallels between American Revolution and the desires for black Americans grew . Middleton was recognized for his desire to make things better and was appointed Grand Master of the African Masonic Lodge in 1809 . He had married in 1781 , but apparently left no children when he died in 1815 . Middleton ' s former home at 5 Pinckney Street is on the Boston Black Heritage Trail .
Silver Wing Medal This Silver Wing Medal is a military decoration awarded by Armed Forces of the Philippines to Philippine and allied military personnel . The Silver Wing Medal is awarded in only one class , and may be awarded by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines ; the Commanding General , PAR Area Command ; and Major Service Commanders . The award is given for " meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight and a single act of merit or for participation in sustained operations activities against the enemy while in an aerial flight . " Appearance . The Silver Wing medal is made of silver colored metal . The design consists of a pair of silver wings sweeping from the bottom of the medal , nearly to the top . Between the tips of the two wings are three five - pointed stars in relief superimposed on two chevrons , one below the other . Centered on the medal is a paratrooper helmet in relief placed above three arched bands at the base of the wings . The ribbon is white with a red central stripe , edged in yellow , and blue edges on each side .
Battle of Bajarwan The Battle of Bajarwan was a battle that took place during the Second Arab – Khazar War , between the armies of the Khazar Khaganate , led by the khagan ' s son Barjik , and the Umayyad Caliphate , whose commanding general was Sa ' id ibn Amr al - Harashi . After the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Marj Ardebil , the Khazars roamed freely across the lands of Azerbaijan , Kurdistan and Armenia . With little forces immediately available , Caliph Hisham appointed Sa ' id ibn Amr al - Harashi to take command against the Khazars , and assemble whatever forces he could at al - Raqqah . Gathering a mall army ( including refugees from Ardabil who had to be paid ten gold dinar s to be persuaded to fight ) , Sa ' id managed to recover Akhlat on Lake Van . From there he moved north to Bardha ' a , and south again to relieve the Khazar siege of Warthan . The besiegers withdrew to Bajarwan , and a battle was fought some 24 km from the town . Sa ' id scored a crushing victory , killing most of the 10 , 000 Khazars , and rescuing the prisoners they had with them , reportedly 5 , 000 families . The Arabs also captured the Khazar general ' s flag , which became the battle standard of his tribe , the Harish . Some sources report that Barjik too was slain , and that Sa ' id sent his head to the Caliph , but al - Tabari and others report his death only later , during Maslamah ibn Abd al - Malik ' s 731 invasion north of the Caucasus . After this , the Khazar armies fled north , abandoning their conquests in Azerbaijan and Arran , with Sa ' id in pursuit .
FORFUSCO The Naval infantry and Commandos Marine units are under command of the Force maritime des fusiliers marins et commandos " ( FORFUSCO ) in Lorient . It is headed by a general officer with the title of Admiral commandant Les fusiliers marins et commandos " ( ALFUSCO ) . This force carries out : A 2 , 500 - man strong force , the FORFUSCO is the fourth organic force of the French Navy . Naval Fusiliers . Groups and companies of marines are dedicated to the protection of sensitive sites of the Navy ( military port , naval aviation base station transmissions , ammunition depot ) . The marines are also an integral part of buildings as domestic service - called " bidellerie " in navy slang . There are seven companies of marines ( CIFUSIL ) , which provide protection for the following sites : These seven companies send detachments who take turns every four to six months to ensure the protection of the communications centers of Fort - de - France , Mahina Mahina Super and around Papeete , of Ouen Toro in Noumea , and Rufisque near Dakar . They also support operations of the Naval Commandos ( Commandos Marine ) and provide the navy with boarding parties and military training . Naval Commandos . Marine Commandos are trained to targeted actions in places where it is not feasible to deploy a larger force . They are primarily used by the Special Operations Command ( SOC ) since 1992 . They are six in number : Commando Jaubert , Commando Trepel , Commando de Montfort , Commando de Penfentenyo , Commando Kieffer , and Commando Hubert .
John Ganzoni , 1st Baron Belstead Francis John Childs Ganzoni , 1st Baron Belstead DL ( 19 January 1882 – 15 August 1958 ) was a Conservative Party politician in England . Personal life . Born to Julius Charles Ganzoni and Mary Frances Childs , Ganzoni attended Tonbridge School . He later attended Christ Church , Oxford , from which he received a Master of Arts in 1906 . In that same year , he became a barrister with membership of the Inner Temple . On 31 May 1930 , he married Gwendolen Gertrude Turner . He was the father of John Ganzoni , 2nd Baron Belstead . Public service . Ganzoni served in the First World War with the 4th Battalion of the Suffolk Regiment of the 4th Battalion ; he rose to the rank of Captain . On 23 May 1914 , he became a Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Ipswich , a position he would hold , with the exception of a brief period from 1923 to 1924 , until 1938 . During his parliamentary career , he held other positions . He served as Chairman of the Private Bills Committee from 1923 to 1938 . In 1924 , he became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Postmaster - General , retaining that position until 1929 . He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant ( D . L . ) of Suffolk . Honors . Ganzoni was invested as a Knight and as a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society ( F . R . G . S . ) . He was created a Baronet of Ipswich , Suffolk on 22 March 1929 . He was created Baron Belstead , of Ipswich , Suffolk on 27 January 1938 .
Elsie Maréchal Elsie Maréchal was an English woman who became active in the Belgian Resistance helping Allied airmen to escape from the German forces . Having been betrayed , she was sentenced to death and subjected to the ' Nacht und Nebel ' policy designed to make such opponents of the Nazis ' disappear ' . She survived to tell her story to her family back in England and to receive awards for her work . Early life . Elsie Mary Bell was born on 21 June 1894 in Acton , Middlesex , the daughter of Robert Edward Bell and Alice Mary ( née Gowen ) . After attending school in Great Yarmouth , Elsie trained at Norwich Teacher Training College and , on leaving in 1915 , was accepted as a teacher by the London County Council . While working in London during the First World War she met a young Belgian soldier , Georges Maréchal , who had been sent to a hospital in London to recover after contracting pneumonia while serving in the water - logged trenches of South West Belgium . They were married on 21 June 1920 and started married life in Koblenz , Germany where Georges was working in the High Commission . They had three children : Lilian Grace , who died as a toddler , Elsie and Robert . In 1929 Georges returned with his family to Brussels . World War II . From early 1941 the family were involved in the Belgian Resistance , the two Elsies being part of the ' Comet ' network which helped many Allied airmen who had been shot down over enemy territory to evade capture and reach safety by smuggling them through France to neutral Spain . Like many others involved in such networks , they were eventually betrayed by someone who had been captured and interrogated by the Germans . On 18 November 1942 the whole family was arrested and taken for questioning . Robert , who was only sixteen , was eventually released in January 1943 . The rest of the family were kept in solitary confinement and repeatedly , and often brutally , questioned . They refused to reveal what they knew and on 15 April 1943 they were tried , found guilty and sentenced to death . On 20 October 1943 Georges and several other men were executed by firing squad . On New Year ' s Day 1944 the two Elsies left the St Gilles prison in Brussels and began nearly eighteen months of being moved around between various prisons and concentration camps . This was meant to make them impossible for the Allies to trace , a system known as ' Nacht und Nebel ' ( Night and Fog ) . They survived and were eventually rescued from captivity by the Swiss Red Cross . In due course both the Elsies ( and Georges posthumously ) received a number of awards and honours from the British , American , and Belgian governments in recognition of their work . Elsie died on 25 March 1969 in Uccle , Belgium .
LKL Kuršis ( M51 ) LKL " Kursis " ( M51 ) is a minehunter of the Lithuanian Naval Force . Built in West Germany in 1958 as " Marburg " ( M1080 ) , a ( or Type 320 ) minesweeper for the German Navy , she was upgraded to a Type 331 minehunter in the early 1960s . Germany donated " Marburg " in 2001 to the Lithuanian Naval Force , which renamed the ship " Kursis " . The vessel augmented the Squadron of Mine - hunters , which had been established in 1999 with the similar donation of sister ship " Koblenz " , which became .
German submarine U - 473 German submarine " U - 473 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out two patrols . She caused a warship to be declared a total loss . . She was sunk by British warships west southwest of Ireland , in May 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 1 December 1941 at the " Deutsche Werke " in Kiel as ' werk ' 304 , launched on 17 April 1943 and commissioned on 16 June under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Heinz Sternberg . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 16 June 1943 for training and the 9th U - boat Flotilla from 1 January 1944 for operations . 1st patrol . " U - 473 " s first patrol was preceded by a short journey from Kiel in Germany to Bergen in Norway . The patrol itself began when the boat departed Bergen on 27 March 1944 . She passed through the ' gap ' separating Iceland and the Faroe Islands and out into the Atlantic Ocean . She docked at Lorient in occupied France on 18 April . 2nd patrol and loss . The U - boat departed Lorient on 24 April 1944 for her second foray . On the 28th , she was attacked by a Handley Page Halifax of No . 58 Squadron RAF . No damage was inflicted on " U - 473 " but the aircraft was hit five times before only just returning to base . She was attacked again by a Polish - manned Vickers Wellington of 304 Squadron a day later . The boat was not damaged in this inconclusive encounter , but kept the aircraft at a respectful distance for an hour . " U - 473 " torpedoed the American destroyer USS " Donnell " on 3 May 1944 . The warship did not sink ; the U - boat dived deep to evade other convoy escorts and sustained slight damage from their depth charge s . The boat ' s luck ran out on 6 May when she was sunk by depth charges ( some 345 of them ) , from the British sloops HMS " Starling " , " Wren " and " Wild Goose " . " U - 473 " had been abandoned ; the deserted U - boat , still running at high speed , headed straight for " Starling " which was obliged to take evasive action . Two explosions , possibly scuttling charges , finished the submarine off . Twenty - three men went down with " U - 473 " ; there were thirty survivors .
North Africa American Cemetery and Memorial The North Africa American Cemetery and Memorial , or NAAC , is a cemetery located at Carthage , Tunisia , where 2 , 841 United States military casualties are interred . Most lost their lives during World War II military activities in North Africa . Description . Headstones are set in straight lines subdivided into 9 rectangular plots by wide paths , with decorative pools at their intersections . Along the southeast edge of the burial area , bordering the tree - lined terrace leading to the memorial is the Wall of the Missing . On this wall 3 , 724 names are engraved . Rosettes mark the names of those since recovered and identified . The chapel and the memorial court , which contains large maps in mosaic and ceramic depicting the operations and supply activities of American forces across Africa to the Persian Gulf , were designed to harmonize with local architecture . The chapel interior is decorated with polished marble , flags and sculpture . The cemetery is open daily to the public from 9 a . m . to 5 p . m . except December 25 and January 1 . It is open on host country holidays . When the cemetery is open to the public , a staff member is on duty in the Visitor Building to answer questions and escort relatives to grave and memorial sites . How to get there . North Africa American Cemetery is located in close proximity to the site of the ancient city of Carthage , Tunisia , destroyed by the Romans in 146 B . C . , and lies over part of the site of Roman Carthage . It is near the present town of the same name , from the city of Tunis and from its airport . The " La Marsa " railroad runs from the center of Tunis to Carthage Amilcar station , a 5 - minute walk from the cemetery ; taxicabs are available at Tunis and at the airport . There are good hotel accommodations in Tunis as well as in the vicinity of the cemetery at Carthage , Sidi Bou Said , La Marsa and Gammarth .
SM U - 61 SM " U - 61 " was a German Type U 57 U - boat commissioned and deployed to operate off the coast of the British Isles and attack coastal shipping as part of the U - boat Campaign during World War I . In a 15 - month career spanning nine war patrols , the " U - 61 " plagued allied shipping in the Atlantic Ocean during the German war on Allied trade ( " Handelskrieg " ) . She sank 33 Allied ships , totalling . She also damaged seven ships of and the destroyer before fleeing the fight . She was sunk on 26 March 1918 by the submarine chaser in the Atlantic with all 36 hands .
HMS A6 HMS " A6 " was an early Royal Navy submarine . She was a member of Group Two of the first British A - class of submarines ( a second , much different A - class submarine appeared towards the end of the Second World War ) . In common with the other members of her class , she was built at Vickers Barrow - in - Furness .
Porta Nomentana The Porta Nomentana was one of the gates in the Aurelian Walls of Rome , Italy . It is located along viale del Policlinico , around 70 m east of Porta Pia . It is now blocked and merely a boundary wall for the British Embassy . History . It was built as a single - arch gate between 270 and 273 AD by the emperor Aurelian . Its original right - hand semicircular tower ( on quadrato foundations ) is still to be seen , while its left - hand one incorporated a tomb , presumed to belong to Quintus Aterius , a famous orator at the court of Tiberius , called by Tacitus " an old man made rotten by flattery " ( " senex foedissimae adulationis " ) and mentioned by him as the first to get up to refute Tiberius ' s feigned refusal of the imperial crown . Marble from that tomb was used to cover the gate in restorations by Honorius in 403 , who at the same time blocked the two nearby postern s in the direction of Castra Praetoria and restored the porta Salaria . It was turned into a two - arch gate by Pope Pius IV in 1564 ( as told in a papal inscription on it ) , the same year as it was replaced by Porta Pia as the access route to the via Nomentana . This phase ' s brick arch , topped by the papal arms , and the original right - hand semicircular tower ( with quadrato foundations ) are still to be seen . Ten years later , the Porta Asinaria also closed to be replaced by the new Porta San Giovanni . The original 3rd - century left - hand tower was demolished in 1827 to excavate the 1st - century AD tomb built into it ( previous to the gate the area had been outside the city centre and thinly populated , and thus ideal for a cemetery ) .
Willy Schapiro Salomon Wolf Willy Schapiro ( or Szapiro ) ( b . Skala , Poland 25 May 1910 , d . 21 February 1944 , executed at the fort Mont Valérien ) , was a Polish Jew , and a soldier in the FTP - MOI French liberation army in the Manouchian group ) . Youth . Schapiro left Poland around 1930 and emigrated to Palestine . He developed a workers ' organisation whose aim was to hunt the British power which controlled the region after the dismantling of the Ottoman empire in 1918 . His activities brought about his arrest , then expulsion . He subsequently emigrated to Austria from 1933 to 1939 . Second world war . In 1938 , at the time of the " Anschluss " , Schapiro fled to Paris where he worked as a furrier , living in the 9th arrondissement . He joined the FTP - MOI in May 1943 . He was arrested on 27 October 1943 in an attack on a German military convoy . He was tortured but did not reveal any information about his network . Schapiro was condemned to death by the occupier , and he was executed by shooting at the fort Mont Valérien on 21 February 1944 with 23 members of the Manouchian group .
Thornycroft M - class destroyer The Thornycroft M or " Mastiff " class were a class of six destroyer s completed for the Royal Navy during 1914 - 16 for World War I service . They were quite different from the Admiralty - designed ships of the Admiralty M class class , although based on a basic sketch layout provided by the Admiralty from which J I Thornycroft developed their own design . Like the ' standard ' Admiralty M class they had 3 funnels , but the centre funnel was thicker in the Thornycroft ships . The midships 4 in gun was shipped between the 2nd and 3rd funnels . " Patriot " was fitted to carry a kite balloon . Ships . Two ships were ordered ( contracted ) on 1 February 1913 , two more on 26 February 1915 and the last two on 15 May 1915 . Note Thornycroft also built six other ' M ' class destroyers for the Royal Navy - " Michael " , " Milbrook " , " Minion " and " Munster " , all ordered on 20 September 1914 , and " Nepean " and " Nereus " , both ordered on 20 November 1914 ; however these were to the Admiralty ' M ' design and are included with the article on that large group of destroyers .
Charles E . Anderson Charles E . Anderson ( 1919 – 1994 ) was the first African American to receive a Ph . D . in Meteorology . Biography . " " ' = = = Higher education and army life = = = Anderson was born August 13 , 1919 , in Clayton , Missouri , a suburb of St . Louis . His mother and father were from Mississippi . He earned a bachelor of science degree in Chemistry in 1941 from Lincoln University and received high accolades as he graduated third in his class . Lincoln University was also the place where he met his wife - to - be , Marjorie Anderson . Upon graduating , World War II had begun and enlisted in U . S . Army Air Forces . He was assigned to the meteorology division and Anderson claims that this came about due to the process of elimination . The Army sent him , along with 150 other cadets to the University of Chicago to study meteorology . While there along with an exceptionally heavy academic course load , Anderson also underwent physical training , weapons training , and specific training in military intelligence . Anderson completed this training in May 1943 and earned his meteorological certification . Upon finishing , he was stationed in Tuskegee , Alabama where he was assigned as a weather officer for the 332nd Fighter Group now known as the Tuskegee Airmen . After his service in Tuskegee , Anderson became a squadron weather officer and trained fighter pilots across the country . Post - war career . Anderson temporarily left the Army Air Corps after the war to pursue an opportunity in high polymer chemistry at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1946 . After receiving his Master ' s Degree , Anderson became a research and development officer for Watson Laboratories , supervising the works of many notable German scientists . In 1955 , Anderson decided to further pursue his academic studies and applied to the doctoral program in Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . During this time he wrote his dissertation : " A Study of the Pulsating Growth of Cumulus Clouds . " Anderson earned his Ph . D . in 1960 , becoming the first African American to earn a Ph . D . in Meteorology .