naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Majaji Majaji - Modjadji , translated as " ruler of the day " and also known as the " Rain Queen " , was queen regnant of the Lovedu tribe and part of the Kingdom of Kush . This ancient African kingdom was situated on the confluence s of the Blue Nile , White Nile , and River Atbara in what is now known as the Republic of Sudan . At around 350 AD , she led her people into battle against the Romans , who were at war with the Kushites . History . Queen Modjadji is the hereditary female ruler and queen of Balobedu , South Africa . She is known to be mythical and historical , and she is believed to have had powers that let her control the clouds and rainfall by bringing rain to her friends and drought to their enemies . Female rulers were known as “ rain queens ” or “ rainmakers ” around this time . Furthermore , she brought rain to the regions of any visitors who offered her gifts and tributes . As a conspicuous figure in South Africa , transforming the clouds was her specialty . She was essentially not a ruler , but a rainmaker . Men relied on her ability for security , as she would provide rain for her town ’ s tribe as a shield . The Lobedu ( Lovedu ) tribe believed that the queen exercised some general control over their seasons , and thus , she was held accountable for the effects of the rain conditions . She also had a team of assistants . The queen also functioned as a ritual doctor who made medicines . The rain medicines were stored in earthen pots in a secure part of the village . Her reputation spread from Zambezi to the Southern Ocean as having medicines for all people , including medicines that made warriors invincible by crippling their enemies . Death . She was believed to be killed while defending the capital city of Meroe against the Romans . She carried a shield and a spear into battle .
Herman C . Wallace Herman C . Wallace ( 1924 – February 27 , 1945 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Wallace joined the Army from Lubbock , Texas in June 1943 , and by February 27 , 1945 was serving as a private first class in Company B , 301st Engineer Combat Battalion , 76th Infantry Division . On that day , during demining operations near Prümzurlay in western Germany , Wallace stepped on an S - mine . Knowing that if he tried to run away the mine would pop up and explode a few feet off the ground , thus endangering the soldiers near him , he deliberately remained standing on the mine until it detonated . Wallace was killed in the explosion , but the blast was confined to the ground and no other soldiers were injured . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later , on October 25 , 1945 . Wallace , aged 20 or 21 at his death , was buried in the City of Lubbock Cemetery , Lubbock , Texas . Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class Wallace ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity . While helping clear enemy mines from a road , he stepped on a well - concealed S - type antipersonnel mine . Hearing the characteristic noise indicating that the mine had been activated and , if he stepped aside , would be thrown upward to explode above ground and spray the area with fragments , surely killing 2 comrades directly behind him and endangering other members of his squad , he deliberately placed his other foot on the mine even though his best chance for survival was to fall prone . Pvt . Wallace was killed when the charge detonated , but his supreme heroism at the cost of his life confined the blast to the ground and his own body and saved his fellow soldiers from death or injury .
Naval Battle of Kaliakra The Battle of Kaliakra , usually known as the Attack of the " Drazki " ( ) in Bulgaria , was a maritime action between four Bulgarian torpedo boats and the Ottoman cruiser " Hamidiye " in the Black Sea . It took place on 21 November 1912 at 32 miles off Bulgaria ' s primary port of Varna . During the course of the First Balkan War , the Ottoman Empire ' s supplies were dangerously limited after the battles in Kirk Kilisse and Lule Burgas and the sea route from the Romanian port Constanţa to Istanbul became vital for the Ottomans . The Ottoman navy also imposed a blockade on the Bulgarian coast and on 15 October , the commander of the cruiser " Hamidiye " threatened to destroy Varna and Balchik , unless the two towns surrendered . On 21 November an Ottoman convoy was attacked by the four Bulgarian torpedo boats " Drazki " ( Bold ) , " Latyashti " ( Flying ) , " Smeli " ( Brave ) and " Strogi " ( Strict ) . As a result of the battle , the cruiser " Hamidiye " was torpedoed by " Drazki " and suffered heavy damage ; only the calm sea prevented the ship from sinking . Half - sunk with her front parts underwater , she was towed to Istanbul . After this encounter , the Turks ceased any maritime operations close to the Bulgarian coastline .
Otto Eberhardt Patronenfabrik Otto Eberhardt Patronenfabrik ( English : " Otto Eberhardt Cartridge Factory " ) was a Nazi Germany munitions company . The company ' s " Hirtenberg er Patronen , Zündhütchen und Metallwarenfabrik " ( English : " cartridge , primer and metal fabrication in Hirtenberg " ) near Wiener Neustadt ( proofmark " am " ) used forced labor from a sub - camp of the World War II Mauthausen - Gusen concentration camp and produced ammunition including 9×19mm Parabellum ( pistol and submachine gun ) and 8 mm Mauser ( rifle ) cartridges . The company also had a factory in Ronsdorf near Wuppertal ( proofmark " ap " ) which produced rifles . Additional " Gustloff " facilities were in Meiningen and Weimar . Hirtenberg aircraft . Otto Eberhardt Patronenfabrik also purchased the assets of the Hopfner aircraft company and had continued production of both de Havilland - and Siemens - powered aircraft under the Hirtenberg brand .
Boragh Boraq or Boragh ( ) is an Iranian - made armoured personnel carrier . Boragh is believed to be a reverse engineered and upgraded model of the Chinese Type 86 ( BMP - 1 ) . The upgrades include a reduction in weight , a higher road speed , and stronger armor . The vehicle is fully amphibious and is fitted with an NBC protection system and infra - red night vision equipment . It was reported in early May 2002 , that three additional variants are produced by the Vehicle and Equipment Group ( VEIG ) of the Iranian Defence Industries Organisation ( DIO ) . These are a 120 mm mortar carrier , an ammunition resupply vehicle , and an armoured personnel carrier ( APC ) fitted with improved armaments . Description . Boragh is a tracked APC . Rubber elements on the track are added to prevent damages on paved surfaces . It has a crew of three ( driver , commander and gunner ) . It can transport up to 8 infantry soldiers . Boragh ' s main armament consists of the DShK 1938 / 46 12 . 7 mm heavy machine gun on a rotatable mount . Some vehicles have the machine gun mount protected all around by an armoured shield . The vehicle is equipped with an NBC protection system and is capable of laying down a defensive smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into the exhaust outlet .
Sea lines of communication Sea lines of communication ( abbreviated as SLOC ) is a term describing the primary maritime routes between ports , used for trade , logistics and naval forces . It is generally used in reference to naval operations to ensure that SLOCs are open , or in times of war , to close them . In the American Revolutionary war and the Napoleonic War s , the SLOCs were for the most part , in the control of the British Navy — when the British lost control of them during the Revolution , the result was the loss of Yorktown and its biggest army , and ultimately the war . In the Napoleonic era , maintaining belligerence throughout , the British embargoed and blockade d any country associated with Napoleon , creating large economic hardships and dislocations that ultimately led to the people of France becoming disenchanted with their Emperor . In World War I and World War II , the " Kriegsmarine " attempted to close the SLOCs from North America to the British Isles with the use of submarine s . In the first , the British operated a naval blockade of Germany cutting off external trade by sea . In the second , the Allies engaged in a defensive campaign employing escort vessels and convoys to keep these SLOCs open . During World War II , the U . S . Navy successfully closed the SLOCs to Japan , strangling the resource - poor island nation . Had the Cold War turned hot , Europe would have required resupply and reinforcement from North America . Soviet Navy strategy was to close these SLOCs in order to maximize their numerical superiority on the European continent .
USS Verdi ( SP - 979 ) USS " Verdi " ( SP - 979 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Verdi " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1909 by the Charles L . Seabury Company and the Gas Engine and Power Company at Morris Heights in the Bronx , New York . She was the property of Walter J . Green of Utica , New York , and home - ported at Clayton , New York , on the St . Lawrence River when the U . S . Navy acquired her from Green on 30 June 1917 for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Verdi " ( SP - 979 ) on 10 August 1917 . Assigned to the 9th Naval District , " Verdi " patrolled on the Great Lakes for the rest of World War I . " Verdi " was returned to Green on 4 December 1918 . She remained in civilian use until 31 July 1935 , when she became stranded in the St . Lawrence River about 500 feet ( 152 meters ) off Watch Island , New York , and became a total loss .
Vicente Genaro de Quesada Vicente Genaro de Quesada ( 1782 Havana , Cuba – 15 August 1836 Madrid ) was a Spanish military figure . He participated in the Battle of Burgos ( 1808 ) during the Peninsular War , leading the Royal Guard and Walloon Guard . Forming a rearguard for the shattered Spanish lines , these troops absorbed repeated charges by General Lasalle ' s French cavalry without yielding an inch of ground . He later fought in the First Carlist War on the Isabeline ( Liberal ) side . He lost the Battle of Alsasua in April 1834 .
HNLMS K XVI HNLMS " K XVI " was one of five K XIV class submarine s built for the Royal Netherlands Navy ( RNN ) . Entering service in 1934 , the submarine was deployed to the Netherlands East Indies . On 24 December 1941 , " K XVI " torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer " Sagiri " ; the first Allied submarine to sink a Japanese warship . A day later , the Dutch submarine was torpedoed by Japanese submarine " I - 66 " off Borneo , with all aboard killed . The wreck of " K XVI " was rediscovered in October 2011 by a group of recreational diver s . Construction . She was ordered from Rotterdam - based shipbuilder Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij on 30 May 1929 , and was laid down on 31 May 1930 . The submarine was launched on 8 April 1933 , and commissioned into the RNN on 31 January 1934 . Operational history . In January 1935 , the boat was deployed to the Netherlands East Indies . She remained in this area after the start of World War II . On 24 December 1941 , approximately off Kuching , the submarine torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer " Sagiri " . The destroyer ' s aft magazine caught fire and exploded , sinking the ship at with 121 of the 241 personnel aboard killed . Later that evening , the submarine attempted to attack Japanese destroyer " Murakumo " , but was fended off by depth charge s . " K XVI " was torpedoed by Japanese submarine " I - 66 " a day later , and sank with all 36 aboard . The boat was one of seven Dutch submarines lost during World War II . On 25 October 2011 , the Dutch Ministry of Defence announced that the wreck of " K XVI " had been found by Australian and Singaporean recreational diver s off the northern coast of Borneo .
United Spinal Association United Spinal Association is a nonprofit membership , disability rights and veterans service organization that was formed in 1946 as Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association . The mission of United Spinal Association is to improve the quality of life of Americans with spinal cord injuries or disorders . Since 1946 , United Spinal Association has been advocating for civil rights for people with disabilities with the hope of maximizing personal independence and quality of life for people with disabilities . In 1970 , Executive Director James J . Peters set out to expose the deplorable conditions on the spinal cord injury units at the Bronx Veterans Hospital , culminating in a " Life magazine " magazine expose , the creation of the US Department of Veterans Affairs ' s dedicated Spinal Cord Injury Service and the building of a modern hospital that now bears Mr . Peters ' name . In conjunction with Paralyzed Veterans of America , United Spinal Association helped found and continues to underwrite spinal cord injury research at the Yale Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research . This center remains under direction of Dr . Stephen Waxman . United Spinal Association is recognized by the Department of Veterans Affairs as a veterans ' service organization ; as such , United Spinal Association is authorized to prepare , present and prosecute claims for veterans benefits from the local VA regional office level to the Supreme Court . United Spinal Association ' s veterans service program is entitled VetsFirst . Among the group ' s past and present members are Lex Frieden , Junius Kellogg and Frank Genese . The United Spinal Association is rated 2 out of 4 stars from the charity evaluation organization Charity Navigator . Charity Watch rates United Spinal Association / VetsFirst a " D " grade . According to Charity Navigator . Paul Tobin , President & CEO , receives compensation of $ 110 , 000 .
Nash ( tugboat ) Nash is a World War II U . S . Army Large Tug ( LT ) class seagoing tugboat built as hull # 298 at Jakobson Shipyard , Oyster Bay NY as a Design 271 steel hulled Large Tug delivered November , 1943 . Originally named " Major Elisha K . Henson " ( LT - 5 ) , in 1946 she was renamed " John F . Nash " by the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers . Since retirement from the Corps of Engineers , LT - 5 has been renamed " Major Elisha K . Henson " . LT - 5 is the last functional U . S . Army vessel that participated in Normandy landings . LT - 5 sailed to Great Britain in February 1944 in anticipation of Operation Overlord , the planned allied invasion Europe . On June 6 , 1944 , LT - 5 sailed for Normandy with two barges as part of Operation Mulberry , in support of Overlord . Under fire , the tug ferried supplies to the landing beaches for the next month , in the process shooting down a German fighter aircraft on June 9 . After the war , LT - 5 returned to the United States . Assigned to the Buffalo District of the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers in May 1946 , LT - 5 was renamed " John F . Nash " . Nash was the Buffalo District ' s Senior Engineer and Chief Civilian Assistant for the period 1932 to 1941 . From 1946 to 1989 , Nash served the lower Great Lakes region by assisting in the maintenance of harbors , and construction projects that included the St . Lawrence Seaway in the 1950s . Renamed " Major Elisha K . Henson " , she has been largely restored to her original configuration by the H . Lee White Marine Museum in Oswego , New York where she is currently on display . Tours are available Mid - May through the end of September . LT - 5 was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992 .
5th Kresowa Infantry Division ( Poland ) The Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division ( ) was a Polish Armed Forces in the West unit fighting during World War II in the Italian Front . It was formed in March 1943 . It was part of the Władysław Anders ' 2nd Polish Corps , affiliated with the Western Allies . It was commanded by Zygmunt Bohusz - Szyszko ( 1943 ) and Nikodem Sulik ( from 1943 to 1946 ) . Composition : The division was named after the Kresy region ( eastern borderlands of the Second Polish Republic ) .
Robert Semple ( Medal of Honor ) Robert Semple ( August 18 , 1887 – May 13 , 1943 ) was born in Pittsburgh and became famous as the Chief Gunner in the United States Navy stationed aboard the . Semple achieved the rank of Lieutenant Commander . He received the Medal of Honor for his service during the Vera Cruz campaign . He also received the Navy Cross for his service in the North Sea minefields during World War I . After retiring in 1937 , he was recalled at the start of World War II , and died while on active duty . Semple is buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery , San Diego , California . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Chief Gunner , U . S . Navy . Born : 18 August 1887 , Pittsburgh , Pa . Accredited to : Pennsylvania . G . O . No . : 120 , 10 January 1924 . Other Navy award : Navy Cross . Citation : For meritorious service under fire on the occasion of the landing of the American naval forces at Vera Cruz on 21 April 1914 . C . G . Semple was then attached to the U . S . S . Florida as a chief turret captain .
Frag kit 6 Frag Kit 6 is a vehicular armor upgrade kit developed by the U . S . Army Research Laboratory to defeat explosively formed projectiles ( EFP ) , a type of improvised explosive device ( IED ) . It is designed to be added on armored vehicles such as the MRAP and unarmored Humvee . Like the Chobham armor , the exact materials and the way it works is Classified information . Frag Kit 6 adds about of extra weight ( 100 lb per sq ft ) and of width on each side of the vehicle ( 2 feet overall ) over the previous Frag Kit 5 Humvee armor . The doors are so heavy , troops may need a mechanical assist device to open and close them and so wide drivers may require built - in visual references so they ' ll know if they can fit the vehicle in narrow spaces . Frag Kit 6 armor also makes MRAP vehicles too wide to legally operate on U . S . highways . Frag kit 6 technology is integrated into MRAP II vehicles . The purpose behind the MRAP II competition was to field vehicles that don ' t need the kit added on . Frag kit 6 looks similar to the armored plates used on the British " Mastiff " version of the Force Protection Cougar . It appears to be used extensively on Navistar ' s MaxxPro Plus vehicle .
Rodolfo Baglioni Rodolfo ( or Ridolfo ) Baglioni ( June 1512 – March 1554 ) was an Italian condottiero serving in the Imperial army during the Italian War of 1542 . He was the son of Malatesta II Baglioni , from whom he inherited the lordship of Perugia , Bettona , Spello and other lands in Umbria . At the Battle of Ceresole , he commanded the Florentine light cavalry . He was killed in action while fighting in Val di Chiana , in March 1554 .
Samuel J . Churchill Corporal Samuel Joseph Churchill ( November 1 , 1842 to June 3 , 1932 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Churchill received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Nashville in Tennessee on 15 December 1864 . He was honored with the award on 20 January 1897 . Biography . Churchill was born in Rutland , Vermont on 1 November 1842 . He enlisted into the 2nd Illinois Light Artillery at DeKalb County , Illinois . He died on 3 June 1932 and his remains are interred at the Oak Hill Cemetery in Kansas .
Henry G . Buhrman Henry G . Buhrman ( January 1844 – June 1 , 1906 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863 .
Vasili Fersen Baron Vasili ( Viliam ) Nikolayevich Fersen ( ) ( May 14 , 1858 – May 6 , 1937 ) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy . Born in the Governorate of Estonia as Wilhelm Fersen , he was of Scottish ancestry , his forebears name being from clan McPherson . Biography . Fersen graduated from the Sea Cadet Corps in 1875 and joined the Imperial Russian Navy in 1876 . In 1878 - 80 he served aboard the cruiser " Asia " with the Russian Pacific Fleet , transferring to the cruiser " Afrika " from 1880 - 1883 . On July 10 , 1883 he was posted to Kronstadt . He was promoted to lieutenant on January 1 , 1885 , and served aboard the gunboat " Bobr " as officer of the watch later that year . He remained on the " Bobr " on its long distance navigational training voyage to the Far East from 1886 - 1888 . From 1889 - 90 Fersen attended the Russian navy mine warfare school and served in staff posts in the Russian Baltic Fleet from 1890 to 1896 . In 1896 he commanded the destroyer " Vzryv " . In 1897 - 99 he was senior officer aboard the cruiser " Afrika " . On April 28 , 1899 he was promoted to Captain 2nd Rank and served as naval attaché to the United States from September 1899 to 1902 . On October 7 , 1902 Fersen was appointed to command the cruiser under the Second Pacific Squadron based at Vladivostok . During the Russo - Japanese War of 1904 - 1905 , he fought at the Battle of Tsushima . At the end of the battle , he refused to obey the order of Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov to surrender and broke through the Japanese blockade . The ship was however wrecked in the Gulf of Vladimir in the Russian Maritime Province . He received no punishment for his insubordination , and instead was promoted to Captain 1st Rank in 1905 . In early 1906 , Fersten was sent to suppress uprisings in Estonia against Russian rule in the unsettled times after the 1905 Russian Revolution . From 1906 - 1907 , he returned to Vladivostok as commander of the Imperial Russian Navy base . From March 1908 to January 1909 he returned to Petrograd to command the cruiser . He was promoted to rear admiral in 1910 and commanded the 2nd destroyer division of the Baltic Fleet between 1909 and 1911 and the cruiser squadron of the Baltic Fleet from 1911 - 1913 . On April 14 , 1913 he was promoted to vice admiral and given command of the battleship squadron of the Baltic Fleet . He served on the General Staff of the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I and retired from service on April 13 , 1917 . After the Bolshevik Revolution , Fersen settled in Pärnu , Estonia where he died in 1937 . He had two sons ; Valdislav Fersen ( 1892 – 1962 ) and Arvid Fersen ( 1892 – 1938 ) who also served as officers in the Imperial Russian Navy .
Phoebidas Phoebidas ( ) was a Spartan general who , in 382 BC , seized the Theban acropolis , thus giving Sparta control over Thebes . To punish his unauthorized action , Phoebidas was relieved of command . Nevertheless , the Spartans continued to hold Thebes . The Spartan king Agesilaus argued against punishing Phoebidas , on the grounds that his actions had benefitted Sparta , arguing out that was the only standard by which he should be judged . In 378 BC , Phoebidas was killed by Theban cavalry under the command of the Theban general Gorgidas , while serving as the harmost of Thespiae . Several years later , Phoebidas ' s actions appear to have been the model for a similar action by another general , Sphodrias , who attempted to seize Piraeus , the port of Athens .