naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Bulwark ( 1807 ) HMS " Bulwark " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 23 April 1807 at Portsmouth . She was designed by Sir William Rule as one of the large class 74s , and was the only ship built to her draught . As a large 74 , she carried 24 - pounder guns on her upper gun deck instead of the 18 - pounders found on the middling and common class 74s . " Bulwark " was broken up in 1825 .
Russian ironclad Petropavlovsk The Russian ironclad " Petropavlovsk " ( ) was ordered as a 58 - gun wooden frigate by the Imperial Russian Navy in the early 1860s , but was converted while under construction into an 22 - gun armored frigate . She served as the flagship of the Baltic Fleet during the 1860s and 1870s . The ship was decommissioned in 1885 , but was not sold for scrap until 1892 . Description . " Petropavlovsk " was long between perpendiculars , with a beam of and a draft of ( forward ) and ( aft ) . She displaced and was fitted with a blunt iron ram at her bow . " Petropavlovsk " was considered to be seaworthy ; her total crew numbered 680 officers and enlisted men . The ship was fitted with a horizontal return - connecting - rod steam engine built by the Baird Works of Saint Petersburg . It drove a single four - bladed propeller using steam that was provided by an unknown number of rectangular boilers . During the ship ' s sea trials , the engine produced a total of and gave the ship a maximum speed of . The ship carried a maximum of of coal , but her endurance is unknown . She was ship rigged with three masts . As a heavy frigate , " Petropavlovsk " was intended to be armed with 54 of the most powerful guns available to the Russians , the 60 - pounder smoothbore gun , and four long 36 - pounder smoothbores . Her armament was revised when she was converted to an ironclad and she was completed with an armament of twenty rifled guns and two 60 - pounder guns ; all of the 8 - inch guns were located on the lower deck and the 60 - pounders were mounted on the upper deck as chase gun s . Later another pair of 60 - pounder guns were added on the upper deck . In 1877 , the armament on her upper deck was changed and consisted of one 8 - inch , one and ten rifled guns . The entire ship ' s side was protected with wrought - iron armor that extended below the waterline . It was thick amidships , backed by of teak , that reduced to , backed by six inches of teak , in steps beginning from the ship ' s ends . Construction and service . " Petropavlovsk " , named for the Siege of Petropavlovsk during the Crimean War , was laid down on 12 January 1861 as a 58 - gun heavy frigate at the New Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg . She was reordered as ( converted into ) a 22 - gun armored frigate on 29 October 1861 while still under construction . The ship was launched on 15 August 1865 and commissioned on 1 August 1867 . During the 1860s and 1870s , " Petropavlovsk " served as the flagship of the Baltic Fleet . She was decommissioned on 15 June 1885 , stricken from the Navy List on 4 January 1892 and subsequently sold for scrap .
Zhao Lei Zhao Lei ( died 220 ) , Kansui ( 闞穗 ) , was a military officer serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . Biography . Zhao Lei was a controller ( 都督 ) under Guan Yu . In 220 , Zhao Lei was captured by Sun Quan ' s general Ma Zhong after Lü Meng ' s invasion of Jing Province , along with Guan Yu and Guan Ping . In fiction . In Chapter 73 of Luo Guanzhong ' s novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , when Guan Yu was attacking Fancheng , Wang Fu recommended that Zhao Lei be left to defend Jingzhou , but Guan Yu instead appointed Zhao as a supply officer . Later , when Guan was trapped in Maicheng , Zhao proposed a plan and followed Guan in an attempt to break out of the siege . They were ambushed by Sun Quan ' s forces and Zhao was killed in action .
Nuclear Posture Review The Nuclear Posture Review is a process “ to determine what the role of nuclear weapons in U . S . security strategy should be . ” The first NPR of 2002 was the second of these quadrennial reviews of United States nuclear forces undertaken by the United States Department of Defense . The first took place in 1994 . The final report is National Security Classified and submitted to the Congress of the United States . The 2002 Nuclear Posture Review also included components requiring the " Pentagon to draft contingency plans for the use of nuclear weapons against at least seven countries , naming not only Russia and the " axis of evil " - - Iraq , Iran , and North Korea - - but also China , Libya and Syria . " President Barack Obama ' s 2010 Nuclear Posture Review was preceded by high expectations because of his 2009 speech in Prague , Czech Republic where he prominently outlined a vision of a world without nuclear weapons . His NPR was hoped by observers to make concrete moves toward this goal . The finished 2010 policy renounces development of any new nuclear weapons such as the bunker - busters proposed by the Bush administration , and for the first time rules out a nuclear attack against non - nuclear - weapon states who are in compliance with the Nuclear Non - Proliferation Treaty . This rule pointedly excludes Iran and North Korea . As part of the implementation of the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review , the U . S . Government is reviewing its nuclear deterrence requirements and nuclear plans to ensure that they are aligned to address today ' s threats . Rose Gottemoeller , U . S . Acting Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security , said in early June 2012 that the United States was considering what forces the United States needed to maintain for strategic stability and deterrence , including extended deterrence and assurance to U . S . Allies and partners . Based on this analysis the United States would develop proposals for potential further reductions in its nuclear stockpile .
269th Combat Communications Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 269th Combat Communications Squadron ( 269th CBCS ) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at Springfield ANGB , Ohio . Mission . The dual mission of the 269th Combat Communications Squadron is to rapidly deploy an integrated force capable of establishing initial and build - up Command and Control ( C2 ) ; Communications ; and Information Operations ( IO ) capabilities to support the war fighter during times of war and Federal / State agencies during Homeland Emergencies . History . USAAC / WWII . The 269th Combat Communications Squadron is the oldest combat communications squadron in the Air Force and was formed three months after the attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent United States entry into World War II . It became the 77th Signal Platoon ( Aviation ) , an Army communications element at Davis Monthan Field , Tucson , Arizona , with a complement of one person , a Private Bunn , who later became First Sergeant . The unit had an authorized strength of approximately two hundred personnel with all the tools and equipment essential to provide communications for a typical fighter or bomber unit headquarters and its detachments . The company trained at three stateside bases , Gowen Field , Idaho ; Wendover Field , Utah ; and Rapid City Army Air Base , South Dakota , before transferring to England in June 1943 . They were renamed the 1077th Signal Company , Service Group and were assigned to Camp Cheddington , England . The 8th Air Force Composite Command was the first of a series of fighter and bomber units served by the company in England and Northern Ireland . Moving to Belgium with 1st Bombardment Division and the VIII AF Fighter Command in February 1945 , the company was based at Charleroi , Belgium . From there they dispatched personnel to install and operate beacons and communications systems across the expanding front in France , Belgium , Luxembourg , Holland , and Germany . They moved forward with the fliers and even participated in an infantry attack at Frislar . Post - WWII . Returning to England in May 1945 , the organization was assigned as a demobilization unit until its own inactivation , 4 December 1945 . The 1077th was reconstituted as the 605th Signal Light Construction Company of the Ohio National Guard on 24 May 1946 . However , sufficient people to achieve federal recognition were not assembled at its new home at the state Armory on East Mulberry Street in Springfield until 29 January 1948 . Three officers and fifteen men were assigned to the new company . The mission and name changed , concurrent with the construction of a new facility at Springfield Municipal Airport . The buildings were located across the road from the bustling airport on land which became the home of a much larger unit , the 178th Fighter Group . The 605th was renamed the 269th Communications Squadron Operations , effective 1 July 1952 . In October 1952 , it was assigned to the newly formed 251st Communications Group . Bases stationed . Springfield ANGB , Ohio ( 1952 – present )
No . 28 Squadron RAAF No . 28 Squadron is a RAAF Active Reserve Squadron , based at HMAS " Harman " in the Australian Capital Territory . It was raised in 1984 at RAAF Base Fairbairn , and relocated to " Harman " upon the closure of RAAF Base Fairbairn in May 2004 .
Herbert George Columbine Herbert George Columbine VC ( 28 November 1893 – 22 March 1918 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Columbine was 24 years old , and a private in the 9th Squadron , Machine Gun Corps , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 22 March 1918 at Hervilly Wood , France , Private Columbine took over command of a gun and kept firing it from 9 a . m . to 1 p . m . in an isolated position with no wire in front . During this time wave after wave of the enemy failed to get up to him , but at last with the help of a low - flying aircraft the enemy managed to gain a strong foothold in the trench . As the position was now untenable , Private Columbine told the two remaining men to get away , and although he was being bombed on either side , he kept his gun firing , inflicting losses , until he was killed by a bomb which blew him up along with his gun . The local leisure centre at Walton - on - the - Naze has now been named after him . The Columbine Statue Fund , whose Patron is Dame Judi Dench , was set up to raise money for a statue to Herbert Columbine VC in Walton on the Naze . The statue is being created by John Doubleday , the international sculptor and will be erected on August 2 , 2014 in Walton on the Naze .
French cruiser La Motte - Picquet The La Motte - Picquet was a French " Duguay - Trouin " class light cruiser , launched in 1924 , and named in honour of the 18th century admiral count Toussaint - Guillaume Picquet de la Motte . Completed in 1927 , " La Motte - Picquet " was based at Brest until 1933 , serving with the 3rd Light Division , of which she was flagship . In 1935 , she was sent to the Far East , where at the outbreak of war in 1939 , she patrolled around Indochina , then a French colony , and the Dutch East Indies . After the French surrender in Europe , tension developed along the border with Siam ( now Thailand ) . These flared into hostilities between Siam and Vichy France in December 1940 . In January 1941 , the " La Motte - Picquet " became flagship of a small squadron , the " Groupe Occasionnel " . It was formed on 9 December at Cam Ranh Bay , near Saigon , under the command of " Capitaine de Vaisseau " Bérenger . The squadron also consisted of the colonial sloops " Dumont d ' Urville " and " Amiral Charner " , and the older sloops " Tahure " and " Marne " . The Battle of Koh Chang took place on 14 January 1941 during which the Thai squadron was destroyed . Apart from a visit to Osaka , Japan in September 1941 , the " La Motte - Picquet " was restricted in her activities . The " La Motte - Picquet " was used in the next month as a training hulk . Subsequently she was sunk in harbour , on 12 January 1945 , by U . S carrier based aircraft from Task Force 38 . The remains of the hull were scrapped after of the war .
Herman Perry Herman Perry ( May 16 , 1922 – March 15 , 1945 ) was an American World War II soldier , convicted murderer , and fugitive from the army in India and Burma . He was born just outside Monroe , North Carolina . As a soldier in the U . S . Army , 849th Engineer Battalion , he served in the China Burma India Theater of World War II constructing the Ledo Road . On March 3 , 1944 , Perry ' s CO Lieutenant Harold Cady attempted to apprehend the soldier for dereliction of duty and place him in the area ' s military prison . Perry had already served in this prison and was well aware of the abuses there . When Perry was found he was holding a rifle and repeatedly warned Cady not approach him and to " Get back . " Cady continued his advance , and Perry shot and killed Cady . He fled into the wilderness and lived out a fugitive ' s life of jungle survival , discovering and adapting to the lifestyle of the Naga people of northeastern India and northern Burma . He was caught twice by the Army and escaped both times , receiving his death sentence by a military court on September 4 , 1944 , during his second capture . A final capture on March 9 , 1945 in Assam precipitated his execution by hanging on March 15 . His story was recounted in 2008 as " Now the Hell Will Start : One Soldier ' s Flight From the Greatest Manhunt of World War II " by Brendan I . Koerner ; George Pelecanos called it " A fascinating , untold story of the Second World War , an incendiary social document , and a thrilling , campfire tale adventure . "
Guadalupe Gracia García - Cumplido Guadalupe Gracia García - Cumplido ( December 12 , 1881 – March 31 , 1948 ) was a Mexican military surgeon with the rank General Brigadier Médico Cirujano ( Brigadier General MC ) . Life . Gracia García - Cumplido was born in La Constancia , Municipio Nombre de Dios / Durango . He was the son of the journalist Carmen Gracía García - Nájera and his wife Daría Cumplido Sáenz , and had two siblings . During the revolution , he belonged to the Primera Brigada ( " First Brigade " ) which marched on Ciudad Juárez to oust Porfirio Díaz from power . He founded the revolutionary paper " El Noroeste " and began his studies at the Escuela Nacional de Medicina ( currently Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM ) in Mexico City . Gracia García - Cumplido was cofounder of the " Neutral White Cross " society ( Cruz Blanca Neutral ) , as well as one of the founders of Escuela Constitucionalista Médico Militar , where he was director and professor of clinical and therapeutic surgery , clinic of traumatology and emergency surgery . He was director of the military teaching hospital , the later - built military central hospital , and of the Juárez hospital . During the Mexican Revolution , Gracia - García invented the hospital - surgical - train , in which the soldiers were to be operated on in the midst of battle . He started the abdominal trauma reconstruction and orthopaedic trauma ( 1913 – 1915 ) reconstruction in their surgical - train . He wrote about their experience in the " Revista de Cirugía " , a medical paper from the Juarez Hospital . Gracia García - Cumplido was married to the pharmacist Guadalupe Martínez Barragán and died in Mexico City .
USS Chewaucan ( AOG - 50 ) USS " Chewaucan " ( AOG - 50 ) was a acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet , and to remote Navy stations . " Chewaucan " was launched 22 July 1944 by Cargill , Inc . , Savage , Minnesota ; sponsored by Mrs . O . K . Greathouse ; and commissioned 19 February 1945 , Lieutenant J . M . Price , USNR , in command . World War II service . Laden with oil , vital fluid of war , " Chewaucan " cleared Baytown , Texas , 22 March 1945 , and reached Pearl Harbor 6 May . Attached to the Hawaiian Sea Frontier she carried oil among the Hawaiian Islands , Midway , Johnston , Canton , and Christmas Islands until 16 June 1946 when she sailed for San Pedro , California , arriving 25 June . Post - war operations . Between 23 September 1946 and 4 July 1947 , " Chewaucan " operated out of Seattle , Washington , on cargo duty to various Alaskan ports , then sailed in the Pacific Ocean , calling at Pearl Harbor and Kwajalein and ferrying oil until 6 January 1948 . She sailed from San Pedro , California , 8 January 1948 and entered Philadelphia Naval Shipyard 4 February for conversion to a combination oiler - tanker . Converted to oiler - tanker . " Chewaucan " put out from Norfolk , Virginia , 7 July 1948 to become one of the original 12 ships of the U . S . 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean . Home ported at Naples , Italy , in support of the 6th Fleet , she remained in the Mediterranean except for periodic overhauls in the United States through 1960 . Her duty changed from direct replenishment of the 6th Fleet to supplying various shore storage facilities when , on 2 August 1957 , she was transferred from the 6th Fleet to Commander , Naval Activities , Italy , for operational control . Decommissioning . " Chewaucan " was decommissioned ( date unknown ) and struck from the Naval Register , 1 July 1975 . She was sold under the Security Assistance Program to Colombia , 1 January 1976 , and renamed ARC " Tumaco " ( BT - 7 ) . Final disposition : fate unknown . Military awards and honors . Her crew was eligible for the following medals :
Smarhon ( air base ) Smarhon ( also Smorgon and Smorgon Northwest ) was a Soviet Air Force base in Belarus located 8 km northwest of Smarhon . It was a small 1950s airfield with an unpaved revetment complex hidden in the forest to northwest . The airfield is currently abandoned and increasingly overgrown .
HMS Starling ( U66 ) HMS " Starling " ( U66 ) was a Modified " Black Swan " - class sloop of the Royal Navy . She was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Govan , Scotland , launched on 14 October 1942 , and commissioned on 1 April 1943 . In the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II , " Starling " was the flagship of Captain Frederic John Walker ' s 2nd Support Group , a flotilla of six sloops not tied down to convoy protection , but free to hunt down U - boat s wherever found . The other ships of the group were , , , , and . " Starling " was scrapped in 1965 . Combat record against U - boats . " Starling " participated in the sinking of fourteen U - boats : During the war the " Starling " was credited , along with the sloops , , , and frigate , with sinking the " U - 482 " in the North Channel on 16 January 1945 . The British Admiralty withdrew this credit in a post - war reassessment . Post War Service . In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II .
Russian ship naming conventions The Russian and Soviet Navy ' s naming conventions were similar to those of other nations . A problem for the non - Russian reader is the need to transliterate the Cyrillic names into the Latin alphabet . There are often several different Latin spellings of the same Russian name Pre revolution . Before the revolution , the Imperial Russian Navy used the following convention Battleships . Russian Battleships were named after : Cruisers . Russian Cruisers were named after Destroyers . Russian destroyers were named after adjectives e . g . Burnyi = Stormy , Smeliy = Valiant Submarines . Named after fish or animals – e . g . , Morzh = Walrus , Akula = Shark Soviet times . Renaming . The Soviets changed the names of many ships after they took power in 1917 Project ( design ) designations ( design names ) . The Soviets assigned a project number to each new design . The numbers were non sequential , submarine designs had numbers 600 - 900 , small combatants 100 - 200 and large ships 1000 plus . The designs also had covernames , major ship classes were named after birds , e . g . , Orlan = Sea eagle , Berkut = Golden eagle , Kreschet = Gyrfalcon . Submarine designs were given fish names , e . g . , Akula = Shark , Som = Catfish , etc . NATO naming . " Also see NATO reporting name " NATO assigned its own reporting names to Soviet ships . This was because the official Soviet designation was unknown .
Operation Bramble Bush Operation Bramble Bush was an Israeli plan to assassinate Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in 1992 . It was described in full in December 2003 by the Israeli newspaper " Yedioth Ahronoth " , though news reports had circulated about the plot since January 1999 . The plan was conceived as retaliation for Iraqi Scud missile attacks during the Gulf War . When Saddam ' s uncle , Khairallah Talfah , was discovered to be terminally ill , the Israelis investigated the possibility using a commando team to ambush the funeral party . A commando team from the Israeli Army ' s elite Sayeret Matkal special forces unit was to be inserted into Iraq from Jordan , where they would travel to the funeral near Tikrit and kill Saddam with TV - guided " Midras " missiles . A rehearsal for the operation took place on November 5 , 1992 in the Negev desert . The operation ' s execution was just two days away . However , in the rehearsal , Israeli commandos accidentally fired live rounds into a convoy simulating the target , killing five of their fellow Sayeret Matkal commandos and wounding six more . The head of the IDF , Ehud Barak , had been watching the rehearsal at the time . The plan was canceled . Israeli press reports described the incident as a " training accident . " Israeli censors tried to prevent Israeli newspapers from publishing the fact that the head of military intelligence , Uri Saguy , had witnessed the accident , but the censors relented a few weeks later . On November 24 , the American newspaper " The Miami Herald " reported that the soldiers involved in the accident had been rehearsing a plan to kill Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah . The " New York Times " , the London " Times " , and the " Independent " also reported on the apparent attempt against Nasrallah , and the Israeli military censor complained the reporters from all newspapers involved had violated censorship laws . Seven years later , Operation Bramble Bush II once again targeted Saddam . Mossad agents had scouted locations in Iraq for the ambush of the Iraqi leader . However , as before , the plan was scrapped , this time due to both the U . S . and Britain ' s Operation Desert Fox and concerns that the assassination could harm the Israeli - Arab peace process .
Arsites Arsites was satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia under Darius III . He was " primus inter pares " of the Persian commanders at the Battle of Granicus . Alexander replaced Arsites with his general Calas as the new satrap of the province . References . Cartledge , P . , " Alexander the Great " ( Vintage Books , 2004 ) , p . 300 .
Ball ' s Bluff Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Ball ' s Bluff of the American Civil War , fought from October 20 to October 24 , 1861 in Loudoun County , Virginia , also known as the Battle of Leesburg or the Battle of Harrison ' s Island . The Confederate order of battle is shown separately . Union Forces Around Ball ’ s Bluff and Edwards ’ Ferry . BG Charles P . Stone Army of the Potomac . MG George B . McClellan ( not present )
The Rome - Berlin Axis The Rome - Berlin Axis is a 1949 book by British historian Elizabeth Wiskemann . It is a study of the Axis alliance of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany with particular emphasis on the relationship between Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler . It was published by Oxford University Press as a 376 - page hardcover in 1949 . Collins ( London ) published a 446 - page revised edition in 1966 .