naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Sark The Battle of Sark ( alternatively called the Battle of Lochmaben Stone ) was fought between England and Scotland in October 1448 . A large battle , it was the first significant Scottish victory over the English in over half a century , following the Battle of Otterburn of 1388 . It placed the Scots in a position of strength against the English for over a decade , until Edward IV ascended the English throne , and it brought Clan Douglas to greater prominence in Scotland . Precursors . After the 14th century Wars of Scottish Independence , England and Scotland continued to battle periodically along their borders . In 1448 , hostilities escalated . Henry Percy , son of the Earl of Northumberland , destroyed Dunbar in May , and in June the Earl of Salisbury , Lord Warden of the March destroyed Dumfries . In reaction , William Douglas , 8th Earl of Douglas mustered a force with the support of the earls of Ormonde , Angus and Orkney , destroying Warkworth and Alnwick . When the Scots advanced further into Cumberland and Northumberland , Henry VI authorized the Percies to retaliate . Engagement . The stage for the battle was set when , in October , the Earl of Northumberland led a troop of 6 , 000 men into Scotland , where they made camp near the Lochmaben Stone . Their location proved poorly chosen , as they settled in a tidal waterway between the River Sark and Kirtle Water . Among the Scots , Hugh Douglas , Earl of Ormonde , mustered a force of 4 , 000 from Annandale and Nithsdale , marching against Northumberland on 23 October 1448 . Northumberland took the lead in organizing his troops into three wings , which arrangement Ormonde mirrored . In spite of superior numbers and the advantage of the English longbow , the English were soon driven backwards by Scottish spearmen , where they found the peril of the incoming tide . Casualties . The number of Scots who lost their lives in the engagement varies by source from as few as 26 ( Auchinleck chronicle ) to as many as 600 ( Pitscottie ) . The number of English deaths in the same sources varies from 2 , 000 ( 1 , 500 killed in battle ; 500 drowned ) to 3 , 000 ( killed and drowned ) . Of the Scots , the only casualty of note was Sir John Wallace of Craigie , who was mortally wounded . Senior English casualties were more serious , including the younger Henry Percy and Sir John Pennington captured .
Dwight D . Eisenhower Army Medical Center The Dwight D . Eisenhower Army Medical Center , a 125 - bed medical treatment facility , is based at Fort Gordon , located near Augusta , Georgia and previously served as the headquarters of the Army ' s Southeast Regional Medical Command , or SERMC . SERMC oversees the Army ' s hospitals and clinics within the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico . SERMC was renamed Southern Regional Medical Command and was relocated to San Antonio in 2009 . History . The hospital started as Camp Gordon Station Hospital in 1941 , caring for World War II casualties and dependents . It was closed in 1946 , but reopened as Camp Gordon became the more permanent Fort Gordon during the Cold War . The hospital ' s current building , opened for patients in 1976 , replaced sprawling , outdated buildings from the World War II era . During the building ' s dedication a year prior its opening , it was dedicated in honor of former General of the Army and President Dwight D . Eisenhower , who made his farewell address to the Army at Fort Gordon in 1961 . President Eisenhower frequented nearby Augusta , Georgia and played golf at the Augusta National Golf Club , home of the Masters Tournament . Current - day activities . Active - duty personnel and their TRICARE beneficiaries use the hospital and clinics as their primary hospital center . Numerous military retirees in the Augusta , Georgia area use the hospital ' s pharmacy and facilities . The hospital has also been involved in the growing field of disaster medicine and hosts disaster - drill training events on Fort Gordon involving the civilian medical community and the local region of the Federal Emergency Management Agency . The hospital command is also host to the ' Center for Total Access ' , which features lifelike electronic dummies that respond to stimuli and the effects of administering certain kinds of care and medication in a battlefield situation . The hospital is a training hospital for military doctors , and partners with the Medical College of Georgia and Augusta Veterans Affairs Medical Center in training programs and patient care . For example , TRICARE dependents in need of obstetrics services are sent to Trinity Hospital of Augusta , while the Augusta VA runs a spinal - cord rehabilitation unit and an active duty rehabilitation unit , which has hosted many veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom . In return , civilian , non - TRICARE dependent patients are often sent to Eisenhower for use of its hyperbaric chamber .
Mariya Bayda Mariya Karpovna Bayda ( ; February 1 , 1922 – August 30 , 2002 ) was a World War II scout in the Crimea . When she was surrounded by Wehrmacht submachine gunners , she fought a heated gun battle against them , killing fifteen , wounding several more , and routing the rest , escaping wounded . For her wartime exploits , Bayda was awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union . Biography . In 1936 , she dropped out of the school in Dzankoy without completing her studies . She worked on a state run farm , in a hospital , and then in a cooperative society in of the village of Voinka . In 1941 , she joined the Red Army . Mariya was a nurse in the 2nd Battalion of 514th Regiment , 172nd Shooting Division of the Red Army of the North Caucasian front and senior sergeant . From September 1941 she was present at or near the front lines . The decree of Presidium of the Supreme body of the USSR from June 20 , 1942 reads ( a loose translation follows ) , " for exemplary performance of fighting tasks of command , both showing courage and heroism in fighting fascist aggressors , to Senior Sergeant Mariya Karpovny Bayda is awarded the rank of " Hero of Soviet Union , " with delivery of an award of Lenin and a medal , with a Gold Star . . . " On July 12 , 1942 , after being severely wounded , Bayda was taken prisoner and sent to Slavuta concentration camp in Ukraine and later Ravensbruck . She was released from captivity by the American forces on May 8 , 1945 . After the war , she was discharged from military service . For many years , she headed the Sevastopol city department of civil registration , and she was repeatedly selected the deputy of city council . In 1976 , she was recognized as a Hero and an Honourable Citizen of Sevastopol .
Charles Manly Stedman Charles Manly Stedman ( January 29 , 1841 – September 23 , 1930 ) was a politician and lawyer from North Carolina . Biography . Born in Pittsboro , North Carolina , Stedman moved to Fayetteville , North Carolina with his parents in 1853 where he attended Pittsboro and Donaldson Academies and graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1861 . During the Civil War , he served as a private in the Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company under the 1st North Carolina Confederate Regiment before being promoted to major of the 44th North Carolina Regiment . Afterwards , Stedman returned to Chatham County , North Carolina and taught school in Pittsboro for one year . He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1865 , commencing practice in Wilmington , North Carolina . Stedman first got involved in politics as a delegate to the 1880 Democratic National Convention , which nominated Winfield Scott Hancock and William Hayden English for President and Vice President of the United States . He was elected the fifth Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 1884 , serving from 1885 to 1889 , and unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor of North Carolina in 1888 . He moved to Asheville , North Carolina in 1891 and to Greensboro , North Carolina in 1898 , continuing to practice law . Stedman served as a trustee of the University of North Carolina from 1899 to 1915 , was president of the North Carolina Bar Association from 1900 to 1901 , was again an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of North Carolina in 1903 - 04 , and was director and president of the North Carolina Railroad from 1909 to 1910 . Stedman was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1910 and was reelected to the seat in 1912 , 1914 , 1916 , 1918 , 1920 , 1922 , 1924 , 1926 and 1928 , serving until his death in Washington , D . C . on September 23 , 1930 , the last veteran of the Civil War , either Union or Confederate Army , to serve in the U . S . Congress . He was interred in Cross Creek Cemetery in Fayetteville , North Carolina . A commemorative roadside sign was placed in Fayetteville in his honor .
Twenty - Third Army ( Japan ) The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . History . The Japanese 23rd Army was formed on June 26 , 1941 under the Imperial General Headquarters . It was transferred to the control of the China Expeditionary Army on August 12 of the same year . It was based in Guangdong province and on Hainan Island to replace the Southern China Area Army which was disbanded June 26 , 1941 . The Japanese 23rd Army was primarily a garrison force to deter the possible landings of Allied forces in southern China . It was involved in the Battle of Guilin - Liuzhou ( part of Operation Ichi - Go ) from August – November 1944 . The Japanese 23rd Army surrendered to the Chinese Kuomingtang forces on August 11 , 1945 with the surrender of Japan and was disbanded in Guangzhou .
Hermann Schoemann Kapitänleutenant Hermann Schoemann ( 17 . April 1881 - died 1 May 1915 ) was a German Naval officer killed in World War I . He was commander of torpedo boat A2 which was sunk in action with Royal Navy Forces off the coast of Flanders during the Battle off Noordhinder Bank . The Second World War German destroyer " Z7 " was named " Hermann Schoemann " in his honour .
Bliss - Leavitt Mark 1 torpedo The Bliss - Leavitt Mark 1 torpedo was a Bliss - Leavitt torpedo adopted by the United States Navy for use in an anti - surface ship role after the E . W . Bliss Company of Brooklyn , New York , which had been building Whitehead torpedo es for the US Navy , began designing and manufacturing their own torpedoes in 1904 . Characteristics . The air flask pressure of the Bliss - Leavitt Mark 1 was 2250 pounds per square inch ; the earlier Whitehead models had a lower flask pressure of 1500 psi . The air in the Mark 1 was heated by burning alcohol in a chamber upstream from the engine ; the increased air flask pressure and heated air served to increase the range of the Bliss - Leavitt Mark 1 to 4000 yards at 27 knots . However , it used a single vertical turbine wheel rotating about the torpedo ' s longitudinal axis and driving a single propeller . This caused an unbalanced torque that was sufficient to cause the Mark 1 to have a tendency to roll . The Bliss - Leavitt Mark 1 was launched from battleship s , torpedo boat s and cruiser s .
Benjamin McCandlish Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish ( June 3 , 1886 – October 16 , 1975 ) was a United States Navy Flag officer who served as the 36th Naval Governor of Guam and was a recipient of the Navy Cross . McCandlish was born in Petersburg , Virginia , the third of four children of James Gray and Lelia Jane McCandlish , and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1909 . Naval service . As an ensign , McCandlish served aboard the USS New York ( ACR - 2 ) , an armored cruiser that was renamed USS Saratoga in 1911 . During World War I , he commanded the USS " Davis " , a Sampson class destroyer , during its mission to escort troops to Europe through waters infested by German u - boat s . For his actions , he received the Navy Cross as a lieutenant commander . McCandlish commanded a number of different - class vessels during the 1920s and 1930s until 12 August 1938 , when he assumed his last seagoing command , becoming the first captain of the USS Boise ( CL - 47 ) , a Brooklyn class cruiser . Governor of Guam . McCandlish served as Naval Governor of Guam from March 27 , 1936 to February 8 , 1938 . Along with others in the U . S . Naval Command , he placed emphasis on basic hygiene education for the island ' s children , often in a dictatorial manner resented by some Chamorro . He discouraged a mission of the Guam Congress to the federal government , instead instructing them to look toward the numerous welfare agencies he had set up on the island . The Congress sent the mission regardless , and ceased to accept funds from the Navy . World War II service . In 1940 , prior to World War II , Capt . McCandlish was selected to serve as Captain of the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth , Virginia , was promoted to flag rank as Commodore ( pay grade 0 - 7 ) in April 1943 , and commanded the Moroccan Sea Frontier from October 13 , 1943 to August 1 , 1945 . Marriages and Post - war . McCandlish was married twice , first in 1914 to Margarita Wilson Wood ( 1892 – 1954 ) of New York , and after her death in Darlington , South Carolina , to Louise Sligh Brown ( 1904 – 1988 ) . He retired as a commodore , settled in Darlington , became a well - known society figure and died there on 16 October 1975 . He was buried in Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg , Virginia . Navy Cross Citation . " The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish , United States Navy , for distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U . S . S . DAVIS . engaged in the important , exacting , and hazardous duty of patrolling the waters infested with enemy submarines and mines , in escorting and protecting vitally important convoys of troops , and supplies through these waters , and in offensive and defensive action , vigorously and unremittingly prosecuted against all forms of enemy naval activity during World War I . "
Indian Army during World War I order of battle Indian Army during World War I order of battle " see Indian Army during World War I for further details on campaigns and structure " India based formations . Southern India . Internal Security and training Other locations . On internal security or as a guard force Indian Expeditionary Forces . Indian Expeditionary Force A . Western Front Indian Expeditionary Force B . East Africa Campaign Indian Expeditionary Force C . East Africa Campaign Indian Expeditionary Force D . Mesopotamia Campaign Indian Expeditionary Force E . Sinai and Palestine Campaign Indian Expeditionary Force F . Suez Canal Indian Expeditionary Force G . Gallipoli Campaign
Operation Hurricane Operation Hurricane was the test of the first British atomic device on 3 October 1952 . A plutonium implosion device was detonated in the lagoon between the Montebello Islands , Western Australia . The weapon was a close copy of the Fat Man ( Nagasaki ) weapon , although the design was modified to use a levitated pit . This increased the power of the bomb , but was actually done as a safety measure . There were concerns that without the gap between the tamper and the pit , a criticality accident could occur . The bomb used plutonium produced mainly at Windscale ( now Sellafield ) in Cumbria with a low plutonium 240 content since hurried production led to short irradiation times . However , Windscale could not quite meet the 1 August 1952 deadline for manufacturing the inner core and the device also used some Canadian supplied plutonium . To test the effects of a ship - smuggled bomb ( a threat of great concern to the British at the time ) , Hurricane was exploded inside the hull of HMS " Plym " ( a 1 , 370 - ton River class frigate ) which was anchored in 12 m of water 350 m off Trimouille Island . The explosion occurred 2 . 7 m below the water line , and left a saucer - shaped crater on the seabed 6 m deep and 300 m across .
63d Troop Carrier Group The 63d Troop Carrier Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 63d Troop Carrier Wing , Eastern Transport Air Force ( MATS ) , stationed at Hunter Air Force Base , Georgia . It was inactivated on 18 January 1963 . History . Activated in 1940 as a training organization for transport crews . During World War II continued training mission for troop carrier aircraft , being associated with I Troop Carrier Command . Inactivated in April 1944 . On 10 May 1949 the group was reconstituted as an Air Force Reserve group as part of Tactical Air Command It was equipped with C - 54 Skymaster s and assigned to Floyd Bennett Field , New York . It was activated to Federal Service on 1 May 1951 , and its personnel and equipment were sent to Japan to be used in the Korean War with the 61st Troop Carrier Group . With its personnel and equipment deployed , the group was inactivated on 9 May 1951 . Reactivated in 1953 under Eighteenth Air Force , Tactical Air Command flying C - 119 Flying Boxcar s . Transported personnel and supplies , and participated in exercises and maneuvers with Army airborne troops . Upgraded to C - 124 Globemaster II heavy strategic transports in 1954 and participated in maneuvers , exercises and the airlift of personnel and cargo to many points throughout the world . Parent 63d Troop Carrier Wing became part of Military Air Transport Service on 1 July 1957 however retained troop carrier identity and were remained dedicated to support TAC on troop deployments . Under MATS , performed global airlift missions , including occasional humanitarian or mercy missions , using C - 124s as its primary aircraft in the 1958 Lebanon crisis ; the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis when group assisted intercontinental transport of a complete operational Air Force squadron being airlifted in a single - package operation ; the Congo Crisis of 1962 and to Southeast Asia where C - 124s transported Thai and United States Marines to locations near the Mekong River in Thailand to deter communist aggression in 1962 . Inactivated in 1963 when parent wing moved to Hunter AFB and squadrons were assigned directly to the wing under the Tri - Deputate organization .
Operations ( military staff ) Military operations is a concept and application of military science that involves planning the operations for the projected maneuvering forces ' provisions , services , training , and administrative functions — to allow them to commence , insert , then egress from combat . The operations staff plays a major role in the projection of military forces in any wide spectrum of conflict ; terrestrial , aerial , or naval warfare needed to achieve operational objectives in a theater of war . The general staff of military operations deals with the planning , process , collection , and analyzing of information . Its major function is responsible in the allocating of resources and determining time requirements . It is combined with other military staff sections to achieve its primary principles in employment of military force s and materiel to meet specific missions . The operations staff have distinct cyclic process features that are essential for military operation s to progress : General staff . United States . The general staff of operations designation is " 3 " to its corresponding section — e . g . G - 3 ( Army ) , S - 3 ( Marine Corps ) , N - 3 ( Navy ) , and A - 3 ( Air Force ) .
Tagus ( title ) Tagus ( ) was a Thessalian title for a leader or general , especially the military leader of the Thessalian League . When occasion required , a chief magistrate was elected under the name of Tagus , whose commands were obeyed by all the four districts of Thessaly ( Phthiotis , Thessaliotis , Histiaeotis , Pelasgiotis ) . He is sometimes called king ( " " basileus " " , Herodotus , V . 63 ) , and sometimes " " archon " " ( Dionysius . V . 74 ) . Accordingly , Pollux ( I . 128 ) , in his list of military designations , classes together the Boeotarch s of the Thebans , the Kings of Sparta , the Polemarch s of the Athenians , ( in reference to their original duties ) , and the Tagoi of the Thessalians . When Jason of Pherae was Tagus , he had an army of more than 8000 cavalry and not less than 20 , 000 hoplites . When Thessaly was not united under a Tagus , the subject towns possessed more independence . Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander the Great exercised control over Thessaly as elected Tagoi . In later times some states called their ordinary magistrates " Tagoi " .
USS Zillah ( SP - 2804 ) USS " Zillah " ( SP - 2804 ) was a motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel during 1918 . " Zillah " was a wooden - hulled motorboat built in 1903 by Charles Clarke and Company at Galveston , Texas , and rebuilt in 1913 by the same firm . She was acquired by the U . S . Navy from that same company in June 1918 for service in World War I . Though there is no record of the date on which USS " Zillah " was commissioned , she was designated SP - 2804 and assigned to the 8th Naval District . " Zillah " served with the naval port guard at Galveston for the remainder of World War I . She was decommissioned on 13 December 1918 . Her name was struck from the Navy List on that same day , and she was simultaneously returned to her owner .
HMS C36 HMS " C36 " was a British C class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 3 March 1910 and was commissioned on 1 February 1910 . HMS " C36 " along with and were transferred to Hong Kong in February 1911 to operate with the Royal Navy ' s China Squadron . HMS " C36 " was sold on 25 June 1919 in Hong Kong .
USS Hill ( DE - 141 ) USS Hill ( DE - 141 ) was an Edsall - class destroyer escort built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided destroyer escort protection against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . She was named in honor of Edwin J . Hill , Chief Boatswain Mate who lost his life for his brave actions during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , for which he was posthumously awarded the Navy Medal of Honor . " Hill ( DE - 141 ) " was launched 28 February 1943 by the Consolidated Steel Corp . , Orange , Texas , sponsored by Mrs . Edward Hill , widow of " Chief Boatswain Hill " ; and commissioned there 16 August 1943 , Lt . Comdr . G . R . Keating in command . World War II Atlantic Ocean Operations . After shakedown out of Bermuda , " Hill " tested new torpedo explosives and engaged in training along the New England coast . Departing Hampton Roads 5 December , " Hill " escorted a convoy to Casablanca via Ponta del Gada , Azores , and returned to the States 18 January 1944 . During the next year the destroyer escort made four more transatlantic voyages to the North African coast as Allied forces pushed up the Italian peninsula and began their assault on southern France . On her fourth voyage , " Hill " performed antisubmarine patrol at Bahia , Brazil , and Cape Town , South Africa . Transfer to Pacific Ocean Operations . Following operations in the Caribbean February – March 1945 , " Hill " proceeded to Argentia , Newfoundland , 3 April to serve as convoy screen and plane guard for escort carrier USS Mission Bay ( CVE - 59 ) . After repairs at New York she participated in training exercises until sailing for the Caribbean 2 July . Two weeks later " Hill " sailed for the Pacific via the Panama Canal Zone . En route to Hawaii , " Hill " received word of Japanese capitulation and , after putting in at Pearl Harbor sailed for home again . Post - War Decommissioning . " Hill " reached Green Cove Springs , Florida , via San Pedro , California , the Panama Canal , and Charleston , South Carolina , 27 October 1945 . She decommissioned and was placed in reserve there 7 June 1946 . She was struck from the Navy list on 1 October 1972 and sold 18 January 1974 and scrapped .