naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Harold Whitfield Harold Edward Whitfield VC ( 10 June 1886 – 19 December 1956 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 31 years old , and a private in the 10th Battalion , The King ' s Shropshire Light Infantry , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 10 March 1918 at Burj El Lisaneh , Egypt , during the first of three counter - attacks made by the enemy on the position which had just been captured by his battalion , Private Whitfield , single - handed , charged and captured a Lewis gun , killed the whole gun team and turned the gun on the enemy , driving them back with heavy casualties . Later he organised and led a bombing attack on the enemy , again inflicting many casualties and by establishing his party in their position saved many lives and materially assisted in the defeat of the counter - attack . Further information . He later achieved the rank of Squadron Sergeant Major .
Hermann Schleinhege Hermann Schleinhege ( born 21 February 1916 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership - for the fighter pilots it was a quantifiable measure of skill and combat success . Schleinhege was credited with 97 aerial victories , all on the Eastern Front . Career . Schleinhege joined the Luftwaffe before the war and upon completely his training , in February 1941 , served as a flight instructor . It was not until April 1942 that he was transferred as an " Unteroffizier " to combat duty : to serve with 6 . / Jagdgeschwader 54 " Grünherz " ( 54th Fighter Wing ) at the time stationed near Leningrad . However , it was four months until he scored his first victory ( 9 August 1942 ) and ten months for his 5th victory ( 27 February 1943 ) south of Lake Ilmen . It was only upon his transfer to the JG54 " Geschwaderstab " ( headquarters flight ) that his combat claims picked up . Flying as wingman to the unit commanders - men like the long - serving Hannes Trautloft , Hubertus von Bonin ( 78 victories ) and Anton Mader ( 86 victories ) gave him invaluable experience for the difficult months ahead . By the end of the year when they were based in Orsha with Army Group Centre , his score stood at 30 victories . He was awarded the German Cross in Gold on 20 March 1944 , and scored his 37th victory on 4 April . After an extended period away from the front with officer - training , the newly commissioned " Leutnant " Schleinhege was transferred to 4 . / JG 54 in Estonia , and resumed scoring on 16 August , and claiming his 50th on 17 September . On 9 October , now based out of Riga , he shot down two Airacobras and two Il - 2 bombers ( 58 - 61v . ) Finally , at the end of November 1944 , he was promoted to " Staffelkäpitan " of 8 . / JG 54 and by the end of the year , with his squadron based in Libau supporting the troops in the isolated Kurland pocket , his score had climbed to 81 . Schleinhege was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 28 January 1945 , for 84 victories . He and his pilots continued to fly as best they could with the limited fuel supply , covering the naval evacuation of the pocket . Based firstly from Libau until March , then from Heiligenbeil , near Königsberg , until the end of the war . His last flight was on 8 May 1945 when he squeezed his two mechanics into his ( nominally ) single - seater Fw190 and flew to Kiel to surrender to the British troops . Schleinhege survived the war , and in 3 years flew 484 combat missions all on the Eastern Front and all with JG 54 . He ended with 97 confirmed victories ( and a number more unconfirmed ) , including 54 Il - 2 and Pe - 2 bombers .
Mobile Meteorological Unit The Mobile Meteorological Unit ( MMU ) is a part of the United Kingdom Met Office that provides meteorological and environmental support to deployed elements of the UK ’ s joint forces , in order to enhance the effectiveness of national or combined contingency operations . Principally but not exclusively aviation at target , base and the route in between . All MMU personnel are employed by the Met Office and are RAF reservists , the Unit became the first ever Sponsored Reserve Unit in the UK Armed Forces in the Autumn of 2000 , incorporating a policy of making greater use of skills in the civil sector , although all members are expected to remain current with military skills as , once in theatre , they assume the same risks as any other member of Her Majesty ' s armed forces . Currently located at RAF Scampton , the MMU HQ is staffed by 13 full - time personnel , with the other 55 staff based at various Met Offices across the UK and Europe . These part - time members of the MMU are Met Office personnel with jobs as forecasters , observers and engineers , and deploy as RAF Reserve personnel on operations and exercises whenever tasked . When deployed , the MMU can quickly establish a ' temporary Met Office ' , using portable weather displays mirroring those used by forecasters ' back at home ' . The Unit is currently deployed in the Middle East and Afghanistan . Personnel are also expected to deploy on exercises throughout the year ; in 2006 , 24 exercises were supported , a typical year for the MMU . As the UK ’ s contribution to the NATO International Security Assistance Force mission expands during the next few months , it is likely that the Unit will deploy more personnel to Afghanistan . The MMU contributes to the safety and effectiveness of air and aviation operations in deployed theatres , particularly in areas experiencing extreme environmental conditions . For this reason , the small but vital ACSU role filled by the MMU will continue to underpin the expeditionary capability of the UK ’ s air and aviation components .
Battalion Zośka Batalion Zośka was a Scouting battalion of the Polish resistance movement organisation - Home Army ( Armia Krajowa or " AK " ) during World War II . It mainly consisted of members of the Szare Szeregi paramilitary Boy Scouts . It was formed in late August 1943 . A part of the Radosław Group , the battalion played a major role in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 . Zośka was named after Tadeusz Zawadzki , who used the name as his pseudonym during the AK ' s early days . He was killed during a partisan action . Liberation of the concentration camp " Gęsiówka " . Zośka fighters liberated prisoners of the concentration camp Gęsiówka in the August 1944 . The 383 able - bodied prisoners ( including 348 Jews ) , both men and women who were left in Gęsiówka to assist with the destruction of the evidence of mass murder , were rescued from certain death . Most of these survivors joined the Zośka unit and fought in the Warsaw uprising . Other famous AK battalions were : Miotła , Czata , Pięść and Parasol . Between 1944 and 1956 , all of the former members of Batalion Zośka were incarcerated in Soviet prisons .
Robert D . Law Robert David Law ( September 15 , 1944 – February 22 , 1969 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Law joined the Army from Dallas , Texas in October 1967 , and by February 22 , 1969 was serving as a specialist four in Company I , 75th Ranger Infantry Regiment ( Airborne ) , 1st Infantry Division . During a firefight on that day , in Tinh Phuoc Thanh Province , Republic of Vietnam , Law smothered the blast of an enemy grenade with his body , sacrificing his life to protect those around him . Law , aged 24 at his death , was buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in his birth city of Fort Worth , Texas . Medal of Honor citation . Specialist Law ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Sp4 Law distinguished himself while serving with Company I . While on a long - range reconnaissance patrol in Tinh Phuoc Thanh province , Sp4 Law and 5 comrades made contact with a small enemy patrol . As the opposing elements exchanged intense fire , he maneuvered to a perilously exposed position flanking his comrades and began placing suppressive fire on the hostile troops . Although his team was hindered by a low supply of ammunition and suffered from an unidentified irritating gas in the air , Sp4 Law ' s spirited defense and challenging counterassault rallied his fellow soldiers against the well - equipped hostile troops . When an enemy grenade landed in his team ' s position , Sp4 Law , instead of diving into the safety of a stream behind him , threw himself on the grenade to save the lives of his comrades . Sp4 Law ' s extraordinary courage and profound concern for his fellow soldiers were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
Stuart Heintzelman Major General Stuart Heintzelman ( 19 November 1876 – 6 July 1935 ) was an American soldier . He was a grandson of Civil War general Samuel P . Heintzelman He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant of Cavalry from the United States Military Academy in 1899 . For the first five years of his career , he served with the 6th Cavalry in Kansas and Idaho , the 4th Cavalry in the Philippines , and as part of the international force putting down the Boxer uprising in China . In 1904 , Heintzelman began what would become a long and distinguished association with Fort Leavenworth when he was selected as the Infantry and Cavalry School honor graduate . After service in the Philippines , Heintzelman returned to Fort Leavenworth as an instructor followed by another academic assignment as the Professor of Military Art and Science at Princeton University . During World War I , as a general staff officer with the American Expeditionary Force , Heintzelman was responsible for planning the St . Mihiel Offensive . He also served with the French in the Chemin des Dames offensive in October 1917 , and in winter operations in northern Italy with the French Tenth Army . He concluded his tour in France as Chief of Staff for both IV Corps and later Second Army . From 1921 to 1929 , he held numerous command and staff positions including command of the 22nd Infantry Brigade , commander of the Eastern Defenses of New York , and Assistant Chief of Staff for War Plans . In 1929 , he again returned to Fort Leavenworth to serve as the Commandant and was promoted to Major General in 1931 . As Commandant , Heintzelman was influential in updating the curriculum and actively participated in the classroom . He died in 1935 while in command of the VII Corps Area , Fort Omaha , Nebraska and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery with his wife , who died a few months before him . Heintzelman ' s awards include the Commander of the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre with palm from France , the Commander of the Order of the Crown by the Italian Government , and the Distinguished Service Medal . The , named in his honor , was launched in April 1945 .
203rd Coastal Division ( Italy ) The 203rd Coastal Division was one of three Coastal infantry division s of the Italian Army during World War II in Sardinia until Italy surrendered to the Allies in September 1943 . Coastal divisions were second line divisions , usually formed from older men intended to perform laboring and second line duties . Recruited locally , they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement . Their equipment was also second rate . The Prime Minister of Italy , Benito Mussolini had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army , but these arms were usually sabotaged and often arrived with no ammunition .
Rhodogune of Parthia Rhodogune was the daughter of Mithridates I ( king of Parthia , c . 171 BCE - 138 BCE ) , and sister of Phraates II ( ruled 138 BCE - 127 BCE ) . History . In 138 BCE Rhodogune married Seleucid king Demetrius II Nicator ( ruled 146 - 139 BCE , 129 - 126 BCE ) . After bearing several children with him , she was presumably abandoned in 131 BCE when Demetrius , after numerous failed attempts to escape from Parthia , was dispatched back to Antioch during the invasion of Parthia by Demetrius ' brother , Antiochus VII Sidetes . During their marriage , she had been temporarily a hostage in the Parthian court after an ill - fated campaign . Polyaenus tells us that Rhodogune , informed of a revolt while preparing for a bath , vowed not to bathe or brush her hair until the revolt was neutralised . She immediately went to battle , riding out to the head of her army . She successfully directed the battle , and was depicted thereafter with long , disheveled hair because of her adherence to her vow . He is the sole source of the story .
Japanese warship Teibo The Japanese warship was a ship of governmental forces during the Boshin war . She was originally built in England and acquired by the fief of Chōshū in western Japan , before being remitted to the new Imperial government in 1868 . She rated 125 tons , had a 60 hp engine and was armed with 5 cannons .
USS Owasco ( 1861 ) USS " Owasco " was a built for the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was named for Owasco Lake . " Owasco " , built by Charles Mallory , was launched at Mystic , Connecticut , 5 October 1861 ; delivered to the Navy at New York Navy Yard 6 December 1861 ; and commissioned there 23 January 1862 , Lt . John Guest in command . The new " ninety - day gunboat " departed New York 5 February and reached Key West , Florida , 10 days later where Comdr . David D . Porter ' s mortar flotilla was assemblying . She then headed via Ship Island , Mississippi for Pass a L ’ Outre . En route , on 16 March , she captured schooner s " Eugenia " and " President " laden with cotton and bound for Havana . The mortar flotilla had been established by the Navy to neutralize forts St . Philip and Jackson which protected New Orleans , Louisiana against attack from the sea . " Owasco " was one of seven steamers assigned to the flotilla to tow the schooners and help them navigate safely in the tricky currents of the Mississippi River . In mid - April she and her sister steamers moved the schooners into position below the forts . On the 18th , when the mortars opened fire on the Southern positions , the steamers supported the attack with flat trajectory fire until , six days later , David Farragut led his deep draft vessels in a historic dash past the Confederate heavy works . The following day New Orleans fell , depriving the South of its largest city and greatest industrial and commercial center . One of " Owasco ' s " sailors , Quartermaster Edward Farrell , was awarded the Medal of Honor for his part in the battle . When Farragut ascended the Mississippi for the second time , " Owasco " helped to tow the schooners up river to a position just below Vicksburg , Mississippi from which they bombarded the Confederate cliffside batteries 28 June as Farragut raced under the Southern guns to join the Western Gunboat Flotilla above Vicksburg . " Owasco " participated in the bombardment and capture of Galveston , Texas 3 October ; but , on New Year ’ s day , was driven out of that port by Confederates in cotton clad steamers . After continuing blockade duty , she participated in the joint Army - Navy capture of Brazos , Texas 3 November 1863 . She captured the English schooner " Fanny " 19 April 1864 , carrying cargo for Confederate General Magruder from Havana . She continued to serve along the coast of Texas through the end of the war . She decommissioned at New York Navy Yard 12 July 1865 and was sold at auction at New York 25 October 1865 .
USS Willoughby ( SP - 2129 ) The first USS " Willoughby " ( SP - 2129 ) was a patrol vessel that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . " Willoughby " was built as the wooden - hulled ferry steamer SS " Augustus J . Phillips " in 1903 at South Rondout , New York . Her name had been changed to SS " Willoughby " by the time she was chartered by the U . S . Navy from the Chesapeake Ferry Company of Portsmouth , Virginia , for local district patrol duties during World War I . She was assigned the Navy classification SP - 2129 and commissioned as USS " Willoughby " on 8 February 1918 . " Willoughby " operated in the 5th Naval District for the duration of World War I and ultimately was decommissioned and returned to her pre - war owners on 26 September 1919 .
George Henry Morris Lieutenant - Colonel Hon . George Henry Morris ( 16 July 1872 – 1 September 1914 ) was the first commanding officer to lead an Irish Guards battalion into battle . Early life . George Henry Morris was born in Spiddal , County Galway , Ireland , the second son of Michael Morris , 1st Baron Killanin , and was educated at The Oratory School , Edgbaston . He joined The Rifle Brigade in India as Second Lieutenant in 1892 , after having passed from the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . Military career . In 1897 Morris was appointed Adjutant of the 3rd Battalion The Rifle Brigade , a position he held for four years . He saw active service with the Tochi Valley Expeditionary Force in 1897 - 98 , receiving the medal with clasp . In the second Boer War he served with Damant ' s Horse from 1901 - 1902 , being present in operations in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony . He was twice Mentioned in Dispatches and received the Queen ' s South Africa Medal with four clasps . On the conclusion of the war he rejoined the Staff College , which he had entered in 1901 , and passed out in 1903 . Obtaining his Majority on transfer to the Irish Guards in 1906 , he was next a General Staff Officer at the Army Staff College from 1908 - 1911 , finally becoming Lieutenant - Colonel when succeeding Charles FitzClarence to the command of the 1st Battalion , Irish Guards in July 1913 . Morris took his battalion to France on 12 August 1914 , at the outbreak of World War I and was killed in action on 1 September , during the Retreat from Mons when the 4th ( Guards ) Brigade formed a rear - guard for the 2nd Division in La forêt de Retz near Villers - Cotterêts where he is buried . Morris was recognised as one of the most brilliant lecturers in the British Army , and was an authority on strategy , tactics , and military history . He was a member of the Guards ' Club , the Garrick Club and the County Galway Club . Personal life . On 29 April 1913 , he married Dora Maryan , second daughter of James Wesley Hall , of Melbourne , Australia , younger brother of Walter Russell Hall at Westminster Cathedral in London . Their son Michael , born on 30 July 1914 , succeeded as Lord Killanin when his uncle Martin Henry FitzPatrick Morris , 2nd Baron Killanin died in 1927 without an heir .
John S . Preston John Smith Preston ( April 20 , 1809 – May 1 , 1881 ) was a wealthy planter , soldier , and attorney who became prominent in South Carolina politics in the 19th century . An ardent secessionist , he was the state ' s delegate dispatched to help convince the Virginia Secession Convention to join South Carolina in seceding from the antebellum Union in the months prior to the start of the American Civil War . Biography . Preston was born at " Salt Works , " a sprawling estate owned by a prominent military family near Abingdon , Virginia . He was a son of General Francis Preston and Sarah Buchanan ( Campbell ) Preston . He graduated from Hampden - Sydney College in 1824 , and then studied law at the University of Virginia and Harvard College . He passed his bar exam and established a practice in Abingdon . On April 28 , 1830 , he married Caroline Hampton , a daughter of South Carolina ' s wealthiest planter , Wade Hampton . They eventually had eight children . Preston took up residence in Columbia , South Carolina , and established a legal practice there . He later invested heavily in a sugar plantation , The Houmas , near Baton Rouge , Louisiana , which prospered and gained him substantial wealth . An strong supporter of states ' rights , Preston joined the Democratic Party and was elected to the South Carolina State Senate for several successive terms , serving from 1848 until 1856 . He was a delegate from South Carolina to 1860 Democratic National Convention . During the early part of the Civil War , Preston served as an aide to General P . G . T . Beauregard . He later accepted a commission as an officer in the Confederate Army and headed the bureau of conscription in Richmond . In 1864 he was promoted to brigadier general . His fashionable mansion , the Hampton - Preston House , was seized by the Union Army during the 1865 occupation of Columbia and used as the headquarters of Maj . Gen . John A . Logan . After the war , Preston traveled to England , not returning to the United States until 1868 . He remained a strong defender of the Confederacy until the end of his life . Preston died in Columbia on May 1 , 1881 . Interment was at the Trinity Cathedral Cemetery in Columbia .
Treatise on Ammunition Treatise on Ammunition , from 1926 retitled Text Book of Ammunition , is a series of manuals detailing all British Empire military and naval service ammunition and associated equipment in use at the date of publication . It was published by the War Office at approximate 5 year intervals . As the gun s are listed for which the ammunition can be used , the Treatise also constitutes a list of guns in service at the publication date . Its predecessor was " Ammunition : A Descriptive Treatise on the Different Projectiles , Charges , Fuzes , Rockets , & c . , at Present in Use for Land and Sea Service , and on Other War Stores Manufactured in the Royal Laboratory " of 1867 . The editions contain diagrams , measurements , storage and transportation instructions useful to officers involved in storage , transport and firing of ammunition . It is an important primary source of information for military historian s researching the types and capabilities of ammunition available to the British military at the time of various conflicts , and for collectors wishing to identify artifacts . However , the individual editions lack historical context , in that they omit dates and rationales for particular types and Marks of ammunition being added to or removed from the inventory . The editions are notable for the many pages of colour lithographs of cartridges , shells and fuzes by Harrison & Sons and later by Malby & Sons . From the 1926 edition onwards it was renamed " Text Book of Ammunition " . The best known editions are the 10th , accurate as at August 1 , 1914 and published in 1915 which constitutes a definitive description of the ammunition with which Britain began World War I , and the 1936 edition which lists the ammunition with which Britain entered World War II . These and other editions are available as modern facsimile reprints .