naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Huba Wass de Czege A Hungarian immigrant , Brigadier General Huba Wass de Czege ( pronounced VOSH de tsay - guh ) ( born August 13 , 1941 ) is the son of Count Albert Wass de Szentegyed et Czege . Wass de Czege retired from the United States Army as a General Officer with a reputation as a highly innovative thinker . He is the founder and first director of the School of Advanced Military Studies at the United States Army Command and General Staff College . During his career as an infantry officer , he served two tours in Vietnam where he earned five Bronze Stars , and the Silver Star for Gallantry in action . Wass De Czege was a principal designer of the operational concept known as AirLand Battle which had great currency in the Army for many years . He was the founder and first director of the Army ’ s School for Advanced Military Studies where he also taught applied military strategy . In the late 1980s he was selected to command the 9th Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division ( Light ) . His most senior military position was assistant division commander as a brigadier general . After retiring in 1993 , BG Wass De Czege became heavily involved in the Army After Next Project and served on several Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency advisory panels . Wass de Czege graduated from the U . S . Military Academy at West Point in 1964 and earned an MPA from Harvard University . In the 1970s , Wass de Czege was a member of the Department of Social Sciences at West Point . Source : Association of Graduates , USMA , " The Register of Graduates and Former Cadets , USMA " West Point : 2008 . Since his 20s , Wass de Czege has been an enthusiastic horseman , and has been involved with schooling and showing jumpers and hunters . He is a consultant to the U . S . Army Training and Doctrine Command . References . Association of Graduates , USMA , " The Register of Graduates and Former Cadets , USMA " West Point : 2008 . Association of Graduates , USMA , " The Register of Graduates and Former Cadets , USMA " West Point : 2008 .
3rd ( Auckland ) Mounted Rifles The 3rd ( Auckland ) Mounted Rifles was formed on March 17 , 1911 . They were mobilised during World War I as a squadron of the Auckland Mounted Rilfe Regiment . They served in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I and first saw action during the Battle of Gallipoli . As a part of the larger New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade ( of the ANZAC Mounted Division ) they went on to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . Between the Wars . They were renamed the 3rd New Zealand Mounted Rifles ( Auckland ) in 1921 . This was later changed to Auckland ( East Coast ) Mounted Rifles , which became part of the 1st Armoured Regiment on 29 March 1944 .
Grant L . Spackman Grant Lawrence Spackman ( August 3 , 1921 ) was in the R . C . A . F . for five years . He was an officer and made thirty - nine trips over Germany . He received the Distinguished Flying Cross , presented to him by the King of England . Grant married E . Beth Tanner and they have 8 children , 7 sons and one daughter . To date they have 36 grandchildren . Grant has spent much of his life serving in the LDS Church . He has served 4 full - time missions , including as Mission President in New Zealand .
Andrew Henry ( VC ) Andrew Henry VC ( 1 November 1823 – 14 October 1870 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . VC action . Henry received the second Victoria Cross awarded to the Royal Regiment of Artillery for successfully defending his gun at the Battle of Inkerman against heavy odds . Although severely wounded for this action he was also commissioned in the field . He was at the time of the action a sergeant major of ' G ' Battery Royal Artillery when on a foggy November morning in 1854 Russian troops launched a surprise attack on the British lines and quickly surrounded the Battery . Soon Sgt Andrew Henry was the only British soldier left . With his sword in one arm and using the other to pull a bayonet from his leg he fought valiantly . Sgt Henry received twelve bayonet wounds but lived to receive the Victoria Cross . Further information . He later achieved the rank of captain . Inkerman Battery of the 40th Regiment Royal Artillery is named for the battle of the same name which took place during the Crimean War . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Artillery Museum in Woolwich , London .
Sparoair Sparoair was a family of air - launched sounding rocket s developed by the United States Navy in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Based on the Sparrow air - to - air missile , three versions of the rocket were developed ; although some launches were successful , the system did not enter operational service . Sparoair I and II . Sparoair was developed by the Naval Missile Center , as a two - stage development of the Sparrow III air - to - air missile . Propelled by two Sparrow rocket motors mounted in tandem , the Sparoair could be launched from F3H ( F - 3 ) Demon and F4D ( F - 6 ) Skyray fighter aircraft , and was capable of lifting a payload to an apogee of . The Sparoair I was the original version of the rocket , launched using an ejection system and a lanyard for firing ; after that proved unreliable in flight testing , the Sparoair II was developed that utilised a rail launch with ignition prior to release from the aircraft . Eight launches of Sparoair II vehicles had been conducted by 1961 . Each Sparoair II rocket cost USD $ 6 , 000 . Sparoair III . Sparoair III utilised a redesigned second - stage motor , and could be launched from the F - 4 Phantom II ; however , any aircraft capable of launching the Sparrow III AAM could launch the Sparoair . The Sparoair III utilised the aircraft ' s Low Altitude Bombing System ( LABS ) circuits to initiate launch ; the second stage was ignited via a mechanical device armed by the acceleration of the first stage . The first Sparoair III was launched on July 8 , 1965 ; it proved a partial failure as the second stage failed to ignite . The second launch on 26 May 1966 failed after six seconds of second - stage burn when the vehicle exploded . No further launches were undertaken .
Dogra Regiment The Dogra Regiment is an infantry unit of the Indian Army , formerly the 17th Dogra Regiment when part of the British Indian Army . History . Formation . The regiment has the Dogra people from the Jammu and Kashmir , Himachal Pradesh and the hill regions of Punjab . The current regiment was formed in 1922 through the amalgamation of three separate regiments of Dogras as the 17th Dogra Regiment . They were : The 41st Dogras were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . It could trace its origins to 1900 , when it was raised as the 41st ( Dogra ) Bengal Infantry . After World War I , the Indian government reformed the army , moving from regiments with a single battalion to multi battalion regiments . It dropped ' 17th ' from its title in 1945 and was allocated to India upon its independence in 1947 . Enlisting in the army is seen as an honourable pursuit for Dogras , with the earnings of the soldiers of the regiment forming a sizeable part of the local economy . The regiment currently has 18 battalions . The 1st Battalion was reroled in 1981 to become the 7th Battalion , Mechanised Infantry Regiment . Soldiering has not only become a substantial part of the economic structure of the Dogra Hills , but created social and cultural traditions built on the people ' s association with the army . The regiment has produced one Army Chief , General Nirmal Chander Vij . The General also served as the 10th Colonel - in - Chief of the Dogra Regiment and the Dogra Scouts . In the pre - Independence era , the Dogras had to their credit three Victoria Cross es and 44 Military Cross es besides 312 other awards . Two battalions of the 17th Dogra Regiment ( the 2nd and 3rd ) , also fought in the Malayan Campaign . After the Fall of Singapore , a large number of the captured troops later went on to join the Indian National Army . Battle honours . Pre - Independence combined battle honours of 37th ( Prince of Wales ' s Own ) Dogras , 38th Dogras , 41st Dogras : Post Independence " The total collapse of the Pakistan Army ' s resistance is one of the most intriguing puzzles of the war in the East " wrote the Sunday Times on December 7 , 1971 as Pakistan surrendered . The credit for the fall of Suadih , a small village but a strong bastion of the Pakistan army ' s most fortified position in Bangladesh , went to 9 Dogra . This led to the ultimate liberation of East Pakistan and a victory for the Indian Army . For this herculean task , the battalion was awarded the battle honour of Suadih .
USS Desert Ship ( LLS - 1 ) USS Desert Ship ( LLS - 1 ) is a concrete blockhouse providing assembly and launch facilities simulating shipboard conditions for Navy surface - to - air weapons testing at the Naval Air Warfare Center ( NAWC ) Weapons Division - White Sands . Origin . The beginning of construction of the Desert Ship coincided with the start of testing of the RIM - 8 Talos missile . Although there was a mock christening upon completion of the building , the Desert Ship has never been commissioned and special permission from Congress was required to name the building " USS Desert Ship " . The designation " LLS " stands for " Land Locked Ship " . History . Desert Ship was originally used to test the Talos missile . Subsequent uses have included testing the Standard Missile , Aegis Weapons System , and , in mid - 2008 , the Standard Missile 6 . The Desert Ship is one of two " Land - Locked Ships " operated by the U . S . Navy , the other being the USS Rancocas in New Jersey .
HMS Leopard ( 1659 ) Leopard was a 44 - gun fourth - rate frigate of the English Royal Navy , originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Deptford , and launched in February 1659 . By 1666 her armament had been increased to 56 guns . " Leopard " was sunk as the foundation for a breakwater in 1699 .
United States Naval Station White ' s Island , Bermuda The United States Naval Station Whites Island was a United States Navy ( USN ) facility located on White ' s Island in Hamilton Harbour , in the British Colony of Bermuda , 640 miles off the coast of North Carolina . It was established during the First World War ( or the " Great War " , as it was originally known in Britain ) by the US Navy for use by anti - submarine vessels transiting on their way from the United States to the European theatre of operations . Bermuda had already housed the Admiralty House , dockyard , and naval base of the North America and West Indies Squadron since the American War of Independence had cost the Royal Navy all of its continental bases between Nova Scotia and the West Indies . During the Great War , the Royal Naval vessels based in Bermuda had been used to enforce Britain ' s control of the Atlantic , hunting down German commerce raiders and fighting the Battle of the Falkland Islands . Bermuda ' s location in the North Atlantic , the presence of the Royal Naval base , and the enclosing barrier reef that protected its anchorages from submarines , resulted in the colony becoming a major forming - up point for trans - Atlantic convoys ( Bermuda would serve all these roles and more durning the Second World War ) used as a convoy staging point during both World War I and World War II . When the US entered the war in 1917 , it required a staging point for smaller anti - submarine vessels that were deploying to Europe to use during the voyage across the Atlantic . Most of the small islands in Hamilton Harbour and the Great Sound , including White ' s Island , were at that point property of the Royal navy or the British Army . Other than several of the islands , which had been used to isolate servicemen infected with Yellow Fever , and as a Prisoner of War ( POW ) camp for Boer prisoners during the Second Boer War , and Agar ' s Island , a secret British Army munitions depot , these islands had seen little development or use . On 15 April 1918 , US Naval Captain , W . G . Cutter , arrived in Bermuda on the SS Arethusa to assume command of the new US Naval Base 24 . Together with a US Naval detachment , operation a supply station on Agar ' s Island , this station operated for the remainder of the war , serving one hundred and twenty - six transiting submarine hunters , which travelled in convoys of between one and two dozen vessels ( one vessel sank in Two Rock Passage , the main channel into Hamilton Harbour . It was refloated , but sank again off Agar ' s Island ) . The US bases were closed in January , 1919 , following the ceasation of hostilities . See also . ( For a full list of British Empire and Commonwealth and United States naval , military , and air bases historically and currently located in Bermuda , see Military of Bermuda ) .
Fighter : The True Story of the Battle of Britain Fighter : The True Story of the Battle of Britain ( ISBN 1845951069 ) is a Second World War military history book by English author Len Deighton . First published in 1977 , " Fighter " was Deighton ' s first history book , having made his name as a writer of spy fiction . Deighton was encouraged to write the book by his friend , the British historian A . J . P . Taylor , who wrote the introduction to " Fighter " . " Fighter " covers the traditional period of the Battle of Britain and the build up to it , describing the war in the air as much from the German point of view as the British . Deighton explains both the political and personal machinations and how they influenced technical decisions and affected the efforts of both countries . There are short biographies of the major " players " , from the commanders down to the pilots in the field . It covers the errors made in the strategic , tactical and technical decisions made by both sides with remarkable objectivity . Many ' myths ' about the Battle addressed are punctured by Deighton , which leaves one to conclude that the RAF achieved their main aim - merely to survive as an effective fighting force - largely because they made fewer mistakes than did the German Luftwaffe . Deighton caused controversy with ex - service personnel at the time of publication with allegations that during the repeated bombing of RAF Manston many RAF ground crew remained in their air raid shelters and refused to come out to carry out their duties . No hard evidence was produced by the author for such allegations . Air Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding is Deighton ' s hero in this book , being one of the few people who perceived the situation accurately . Deighton argues that his strategy prevented a German victory . Despite winning the battle , Dowding was very badly treated by the Whitehall bureaucracy and dismissed - along with Keith Park , commander of 11 Group which had borne the brunt of the fighting - shortly after the victory .
Bzovík Bzovík ( ) is a village and municipality in the Krupina District of the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia . History . In historical records , the village was first mentioned in 1135 ( " Bozouk " ) when the noble Lampert of Hunt - Poznan founded a Cistercian abbey here . In 1433 Bzovík was destroyed by Hussites and in the mid - 15th century by commanders from the Krupina Castle . From 1530 to 1567 it belonged to Žigmund Balaša ( Hungarian : Zsigmond Balassa ) . 1567 – 1658 it belonged to the landowners Fánchy and in 1678 it passed to the Jesuits of Esztergom .
Stephan Rittau Stephan Rittau ( 27 December 1891 – 22 August 1942 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Stephan Rittau was killed on 22 August 1942 in Rzhev , Russia .
Samobor Castle Samobor Castle is now a ruin on the hill Tepec in the town of Samobor in Croatia . It lies only a 10 - minute walk from the city centre , there are still visible remains of the moat , the massive entrance and most of the walls . History of Samobor Castle . The first fort on this site , on a hill above the intersection of then important routes in the northwestern corner of the Sava valley above the medieval market town of Samobor , was erected by supporters of the Czech king Ottokar II of Bohemia between 1260 and 1264 , who was than at war with Hungarian king Stephen V . Croatian - Hungarian forces of knez of Okić near the Samobor soon retook the castle and knez of Okić was granted city of Samobor and also the privilege to collect taxes . It was a stone fortress built on solid rock - in an irregular and indented layout , which consists three parts , of which the central core - is the oldest . In the southeastern part of the core is the high guard tower ( today in ruins ) , the only remaining original part of Ottokar castle . With this tower lies a semicircular tower with a small gothic chapel of St . Ana from the third decade of 16th century . In the third decade of the 16th century begins castle reshaping and gradually expanding core to the north - an elongated trapezoidal courtyard surrounded by a strong defensive wall with a pentagonal tower on the battery ends . Through the 17th and 18th century , the castle was upgraded and reconstructed , as the last in the city was built three storey house with its southern side . In its upper part forms a courtyard whose facades with two sides articulated porches with Tuscan columns , and the interior is rich with equipment , so that the castle lost its fortification function and gradually turns into a countryside baroque styled castle . Last residents leave the castle at the end of the 18th century , and then begins to decline from that stone building . Rulers and owners of the Samobor Castle . The first known rulers were feudal family Babonić , then with Samobor Castle manages the Hungarian - Croatian kings , and in the 15th century became the property of the Counts of Celje . At the beginning of 15th century Castle comes into possession to feudal family Frankopan . Then the castle changed many owners , Counts ; Tržac , Tahy , Auersperg , Kiepach , the last owner of the castle who lived in it were Counts from house " Erdödy - Kulmer " . Municipality of town Samobor bought the castle in 1902 . from last owner Montecuccoli and since then the castle and its surroundings serve as a town resort place . Restoration of the Samobor Castle . Today the Samobor Castle is just picturesque ruin on the hill above the small creek Vugrinščak in Samobor . There is a project to renovate the Samobor Castle , but so far has been done just rehabilitation of the chapel walls , in restoration is used stone found in the ruined parts , cement and slaked lime .
143rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 143rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was among scores of regiments that were raised in the summer of 1864 as Hundred Days Men , an effort to augment existing manpower for an all - out push to end the war within 100 days . Service . The 143rd Illinois Infantry was organized at Mattoon , Illinois , and mustered into Federal service on June 11 , 1864 , for a one - hundred - day enlistment . The 143rd served in garrisons , first in the Memphis , Tennessee , area and later at Helena , Arkansas . The regiment was mustered out of service on September 26 , 1864 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 55 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 55 fatalities .
Einar Sverdrup Einar Sverdrup ( 18 December 1895 – 13 May 1942 ) was a Norwegian mining engineer and businessman . He was the CEO of the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani , operating at Svalbard . When the integrity of Svalbard was threatened during World War II , he volunteered for a military operation , but was killed in action during Operation Fritham . Personal life and career . He was born in Solund as the son of Edvard Sverdrup and his wife Agnes , née Vollan . His father was stationed in Solund as a vicar . Einar Sverdrup was the grandson of vicar and politician Harald Ulrik Sverdrup , a grandnephew of Johan Sverdrup , a nephew of politician Jakob Sverdrup and theologian Georg Sverdrup , a half - brother of oceanographer Harald Ulrik Sverdrup , Jr . , and a brother of engineer and military officer Leif Sverdrup and women ' s rights activist Mimi Sverdrup Lunden . On the maternal side he was a grandson of Ole Vollan , and a first cousin of Harald and Nordahl Grieg . Einar Sverdrup studied to be a mining engineer in the United States and at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondhjem . In 1923 in Trondhjem he married Dagny Lorck . The couple had three children , and settled in Bærum . Sverdrup eventually became the CEO of the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani , a Norwegian coal mining company based in Svalbard . World War II . Before Operation Barbarossa was executed on 22 June 1941 , the Svalbard archipelago was treated as a " no man ' s land " . The mining was conducted and controlled by Norwegians and Soviets , but the authorities allowed coal transport to German - occupied Northern Norway . After Operation Barbarossa , however , the attitude changed , and Svalbard was evacuated between July and August 1941 . In September 1941 , Einar Sverdrup travelled to England . Here , he became involved in a plan to retake Svalbard . He was soon singled out as leader of the operation , and was ranked Lieutenant Colonel . The operation was codenamed Operation Fritham . It started on 30 April 1942 , when the ships SS " Selis " and SS " Isbjørn " departed from Greenock . Sverdrup was on board SS " Isbjørn " . The expedition reached Svalbard , but on 13 May , " Isbjørn " was sunk by German aircraft at Grønfjorden , claiming the life of Sverdrup . He was posthumously decorated with the War Cross with Sword . Legacy . In Svalbard , near the town of Longyearbyen is a place named for him : Sverdrupbyen ( " Sverdrup Town " ) . Nearby , the settlement of Nybyen is sometimes alternatively known as Østre Sverdrupbyen ( " East Sverdrupbyen " ) .
Erwin Reichel Erwin H . Reichel ( 11 March 1911 — 28 February 1943 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ; which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Erwin Reichel was born on the 11 March 1911 in Vienna , Austria his father was a university professor . In 1929 he joined the Freikorps " Oberland " ( German for Highlands , Thuringia ) . After serving in the Austrian Army for a few months , he volunteered to join the SS - VT in 1934 , one of the early members ( SS number 58 . 074 ) and the NSDAP ( Party number 5 . 020 . 865 ) . As a member of the SS - VT he participated in the Anschluss of Austria and the occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938 , and the annexation of Bohemia and Moravia in March 1939 . World War II . In World War II he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class during the Polish Campaign in October 1939 and the Iron Cross 1st class Battle of France in May 1940 . Reichel was awarded the Knights Cross for his actions during the Third Battle of Kharkov in February 1943 . In command of the 10th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Westland " ( 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking ) , after tough fighting he pinned down a Soviet tank battalion and destroyed or pinned down the stronger force . He was injured and died in a field hospital on 28 February 1943 .
Obsidius Obsidius was the commander of a Frentani an troop of horse , serving under the consul Laevinus in the campaign against Pyrrhus in 280 BC . He distinguished himself in the battle fought at the river Liri s in that year by the daring attempt which he made upon the king ' s life . He unhorsed Pyrrhus but was killed by the personal attendants of the king .