naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Arthur Lichte Arthur James Lichte ( born April 20 , 1949 ) was a four - star general in the United States Air Force . Career . General Lichte hails from The Bronx , New York , where he graduated from Cardinal Spellman High School and entered the Air Force in 1971 as a distinguished graduate of Manhattan College ' s ROTC program . During his Air Force career , General Lichte has held command positions at squadron , group and wing levels . He is a command pilot with more than 4 , 000 flying hours in various aircraft , including the C - 17 , C - 20 , C - 21 , C - 32 , C - 37 , C - 130 , EC / RC - 121 , KC - 10 , KC - 135 , UH - 1N and VC - 137 . In addition to his command experience , General Lichte has held headquarters - level assignments at Strategic Air Command , Air Mobility Command , U . S . Air Force and U . S . Transportation Command . General Lichte served as Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director , Air Force Staff , Headquarters U . S . Air Force , Washington , D . C . , where he was responsible for Air Staff organization and administration , served as Deputy Chairman of the Air Force Council , and was the Air Force accreditation official for the Corps of Air Attachés . His last military assignment was as the commander of Air Mobility Command based in Scott Air Force Base , Illinois from September 2007 to November 20 , 2009 . Air Mobility Command ' s mission is to provide rapid , global mobility and sustainment for America ' s armed forces . The command also plays a crucial role in providing humanitarian support at home and around the world . The men and women of AMC - active duty , Air National Guard , Air Force Reserve and civilians - provide airlift , aerial refueling , special air mission and aeromedical evacuation for all of America ' s armed forces . He effectively retired from the Air Force on January 1 , 2010 with over 38 years of military service .
Géraud Duroc Géraud Christophe Michel Duroc , 1st Duc de Frioul ( October 25 , 1772 – May 23 , 1813 ) was a French general noted for his association with Napoleon . Life and work . Duroc , born at Pont - à - Mousson ( Meurthe et Moselle ) , the son of an officer , was educated at the military schools of his native town and of Châlons . He was gazetted second lieutenant , ( artillery ) in the 4th regiment in 1793 , and advanced steadily in the service . Captain Duroc became " aide - de - camp " to Napoleon in 1796 , and distinguished himself at Isonzo , Brenta and Gradisca in the Italian campaigns of 1796 - 1797 . He served in Egypt , and was seriously wounded at Aboukir . His devotion to Napoleon was rewarded by complete confidence . He became first " aide - de - camp " ( 1798 ) , general of brigade ( 1800 ) , and governor of the Tuileries . After the battle of Marengo , he was sent on missions to Vienna , St Petersburg ( Russia ) , Stockholm and Copenhagen . As Grand Marshal of the Palace , he was responsible for the measures taken to secure Napoleon ' s personal safety , whether in France or on his campaigns , and he directed the minutest details of the imperial household . After the Battle of Austerlitz , where he commanded the grenadiers in the absence of General Oudinot , he was employed in a series of important negotiations with Frederick William III of Prussia , with the elector of Saxony ( December 1806 ) , in the incorporation of certain states in the Confederation of the Rhine , and in the conclusion of the armistice of Znaim ( July 1809 ) . In 1808 , he was created " duc de Frioul " : his duchy was made duché grand - fief for his widow in 1813 , a rare - but nominal - hereditary honor ( extinguished in 1829 ) , created in Napoleon ' s own Kingdom of Italy . After the Russian campaign , he became senator ( 1813 ) . After the Battle of Bautzen ( May 20 – 21 , 1813 ) , the Grande Armée made a slow pursuit of Allied forces . At Reichenbach on the 22nd of May , 1813 , a cannonball ricocheted off a tree - trunk , hit Duroc in the stomach , tore open his belly and spilled out his intestines in a gory mess over uniform , saddle and horse , which Napoleon witnessed . Whilst Duroc lay dying inside a farmhouse he requested Napoleon ' s presence where he apologised to the Emperor for not being able to serve him further , asked him to be a father to his daughter , and then requested him to withdraw so that he was not present at the moment of death . Napoleon bought the farm and erected a monument to his memory . Duroc was buried in The Invalides ( for veterans , in Paris ) in 1847 . Memorial . The metro station Duroc of the Paris Métro is named after him .
Model 1850 Army Staff & Field Officers ' Sword The Model 1850 Army Staff and Field Officer s ' Sword was carried by all members of staff departments , Field Grade officers of Artillery and Infantry , Company Grade Officers of Light Artillery , Staff Officers and Aides - de - Camp between 1850 and 1872 . It was based on a French pattern . Though other swords were by regulation allowed , this model was by far the most popular sword carried by officers during the American Civil War . The Staff and Field Officers ' Sword is distinct from the Model 1850 Army Foot Officers ' Sword .
Curtiss YP - 20 Curtiss YP - 20 was a United States Army Air Service biplane fighter project . In 1929 , three Curtiss P - 11 Hawk s were ordered with 600 hp ( 447 kW ) Curtiss H - 1640 Chieftain engines . These proved a failure , and before completion , the third was converted to use a 9 cylinder 575 hp ( 429 kW ) Wright Cyclone , being completed as the YP - 20 . Testing with the R1820 was prolonged , so the Army ' s intention to promptly switch to a Curtiss V - 1570 Conqueror engine and redesignate the aircraft XP - 22 was dropped ; another P - 11 was chosen for that instead . Except for the engine change and its Townend ring cowling , the YP - 20 was not drastically different from the P - 6 from which both it and the P - 11 derived , though the YP - 20 had more fin and less rudder area , and featured a steerable tailwheel , rather than the original skid . Later , a crankcase cover , gear strut fairings , and wheel pants were added . In June 1931 , the AAC held a competition to evaluate the P - 6 , P - 12 , XP - 22 , and YP - 20 . The XP - 22 came out the winner , but the YP - 20 was given a nose and landing gear graft from the XP - 22 , becoming the XP - 6E ( P - 6E prototype ) . With the addition of a supercharger and an enclosed cockpit , it was tested as the XP - 6F .
Walter C . Cowles Admiral Walter Cleveland Cowles ( July 11 , 1853 – November 27 , 1917 ) was an admiral in the United States Navy . He served as commander in chief of the U . S . Pacific Fleet and commander in chief of the U . S . Asiatic Fleet . Biography . Born in Connecticut , Cowles entered the U . S . Naval Academy at the age of sixteen , graduating in 1873 . As captain of USS " Kentucky " ( BB - 6 ) , he sailed around the world with the Great White Fleet in 1908 - 1909 . He commanded the U . S . Pacific Fleet from 1913 to 1914 and the U . S . Asiatic Fleet from 1914 to 1915 . In March 1915 , Cowles became one of the first full admirals in the history of the U . S . Navy when the three commanders in chief of the Atlantic , Pacific , and Asiatic Fleets were all advanced to the temporary rank of full admiral while so serving . Upon relinquishing command of the Asiatic Fleet in June 1915 , Cowles reverted to his permanent rank of rear admiral . Cowles retired in August 1915 . He died in Redlands , California on November 27 , 1917 .
Florennes Air Base Florennes Air Base is a Belgian Air Component military airfield located in Florennes , a municipality of Belgium . It is home to the 2nd Tactical Wing , operating F - 16 Fighting Falcon s . It also used to be the home to the Tactical Leadership Programme ( TLP ) , a joint training program formed by 10 NATO members . On July 31 , 2009 , TLP moved to Albacete in Spain . Units . During World War II , German Luftwaffe fighter units operated from here , including Ju88 and Me110 night fighters , and Focke - Wulf Fw 190 day fighters . It was captured in September 1944 , after which Allied units operating from here included the USAAF ' s 430th Fighter Squadron , flying Lockheed P38 Lightnings in the ground attack role , and the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron , flying Northrop P - 61 Black Widow s . Currently , two fighter squadrons operate out of Florennes Airbase . 1 Squadron , which was started in 1917 and 350 Squadron , founded in the UK in 1942 during the Second World War . Both units fly the F - 16 Fighting Falcon .
Swedish Livonia Swedish Livonia ( ) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1629 until 1721 . The territory , which constituted the southern part of modern Estonia ( including the island of Ösel ceded by Denmark after the Treaty of Brömsebro ) and the northern part of modern Latvia ( the Vidzeme region ) , represented the conquest of the major part of the Polish - Lithuanian Duchy of Livonia during the 1600 – 1629 Polish - Swedish War . Parts of Livonia and the city of Riga were under Swedish control as early as 1621 and the situation was formalized in Truce of Altmark 1629 , but the whole territory was not ceded formally until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660 . The minority part of the Wenden Voivodeship retained by the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth was renamed the Inflanty Voivodeship ( " " Livonian Principality " " ) , which today corresponds to the Latgale region of Latvia . Riga was the second largest city in the Swedish Empire at the time . Together with other Baltic Sea dominions , Livonia served to secure the Swedish " dominium maris baltici " . In contrast to Swedish Estonia , which had submitted to Swedish rule voluntarily in 1561 and where traditional local laws remained largely untouched , the uniformity policy was applied in Swedish Livonia under Karl XI of Sweden : serfdom was abolished , peasants were offered education as well as military , administrative or ecclesiastical careers , and nobles had to transfer domains to the king in the Great Reduction . The territory in turn was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Great Northern War and , following the Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia in 1710 , formed the Governorate of Livonia . Formally , it was ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad in 1721 , together with Swedish Estonia and Swedish Ingria . Governors - General . The dominion was ruled by appointed Governors - General , but retained its own diet . Military . Swedish infantry and cavalry regiments . Temporary cavalry regiments :
Marine Wing Communications Squadron 18 Marine Wing Communications Squadron 18 ( MWCS - 18 ) is a United States Marine Corps communications squadron . The squadron provides expeditionary communications for the aviation combat element of the III Marine Expeditionary Force . They are based at MCB Camp Foster and fall under the command of Marine Air Control Group 18 and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . Although a subordinate squadron of MACG - 18 , MWCS - 18 is considered a 1st MAW asset and therefore serves to augment the entire 1st Marine Air Wing with communications support . Mission . Provide expeditionary communications for the deployed Aviation Combat Element ( ACE ) and Command Element ( CE ) of the Marine Expeditionary Force ( MEF ) and its supporting Marine Air Command and Control System ( MACCS ) including the phased deployment of task - organized elements thereof . Components . ~ Det . A ~ Headquarters and Support History . Marine Wing Communication Squadron 18 ( MWCS - 18 ) was activated 1 September 1967 at Danang , Republic of Vietnam , as Marine Wing Communications Squadron 1 ( MWCS - 1 ) , Marine Wing Headquarters Group 1 , 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . .
Action of 7 September 2009 The Action of 7 September 2009 took place when the German frigate " Brandenburg " , taking part of Operation Atalanta , chased and captured a pirate skiff south of Al Mukalla , in the Gulf of Aden , after suspicious activity was spotted on the small vessel by the frigate ’ s helicopter during a reconnaissance mission . The boat was disabled by gunfire , and one suspect from her crew was killed . Four individuals were captured and weaponry confiscated and eventually destroyed . Background . The German Navy became involved in Operation Atalanta on 19 December 2008 , when the Bundestag approved the German naval presence in the Horn of Africa both to support World Food Programme supply ships and to combat piracy . " Brandenburg " began her mission on 29 June 2009 , under the command of Fregattenkapitän Torsten Ites . In August , she assisted the crew of the container ship " Hansa Stavanger " when the vessel was released at Mombasa , Kenya , by Somali pirates who had captured her four months before . Action . On 7 September " Brandenburg " launched a Sea Lynx helicopter to perform a reconnaissance mission on a suspected skiff just south of Al Mukalla , Yemen . The Sea Lynx closed on and filmed five suspects on board the vessel throwing ladders and weapons overboard . The skiff was ordered to stop , but apparently refused to do so . An interpreter tried to convince the crew to stop , but to no avail . Then " Brandenburg " fired warning shots across her bow . As the boat continue undeterred , it was later known that the headquarters of Operation Atalanta authorized the German frigate to disable the skiff by gunfire . After the vessel was neutralized , a German Navy team from a Rigid - hulled inflatable boat took control of the crew and seized a number of weapons . One of the suspects was injured by gunfire during the incident , and later died of his wounds onboard " Brandenburg " while receiving medical treatment . This was the first fatality caused by the Bundeswehr in the course of Operation Atalanta . The weaponry found on board the skiff was later destroyed . Aftermath . The German Navy eventually released the four surviving suspects . The body of the suspect killed in the action was handed back to his relatives in Somalia by the International Red Cross . The Bundeswehr decided not to extradite the men to Kenya after being advised by Operation Atalanta ’ s headquarters that the men ’ s conviction after the trial was not granted . At the time there was a deal with Kenya to judge in that country any act of piracy committed in the Indian Ocean , but on a case - by - case basis . Therefore , as the attack did not affect German interests , the skiff crewmembers were left in a craft within sight of the Somali coast .
HMS Wigtown Bay ( K616 ) HMS " Wigtown Bay " ( K616 ) was a Bay - class anti - aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy . She was named for Wigtown Bay in Galloway . Ordered on 6 March 1943 from the Harland and Wolff yard in Belfast as a Loch - class anti - submarine frigate , and assigned the name " Loch Garasdale " , the ship was laid down on 24 October 1944 ( yard number 1260 ) . However , during construction the need for anti - aircraft escorts for service in the Far East , meant that the contract was revised , and she was completed as a Bay class frigate . The ship was named " Wigtown Bay " when launched on 26 April 1945 . Service history . 1945 – 1947 . Commissioned in November 1945 under the command of Lt - Cdr . D . Carson , " Wigtown Bay " completed her fitting - out and sea trials on 19 January 1946 . In February she sailed to Malta , joining the 5th Escort Flotilla , and was deployed for patrol duty in the Mediterranean Sea . In May 1946 the flotilla patrolled the eastern Mediterranean to intercept ships carrying illegal immigrants to Palestine . 1947 – 1958 . In April 1947 " Wigtown Bay " returned to HMNB Devonport , and was decommissioned in May . Laid - up in reserve she was used as an accommodation ship for Reserve Fleet personnel , but was refitted in 1948 and 1951 to ensure that her operational availability was maintained . In April 1957 the ship was offered for sale to Ceylon , but negotiations failed . Put on the Disposal List in 1958 , the ship was sold for scrapping in October 1958 , arriving under tow at the breaker ' s yard at Faslane on 10 April 1959 .
Brotherhood of St . Mark The Marx brothers ( German " Marxbrüder " ) , or Brotherhood of Saint Mark was the name of the most important organization of German fencers in the 16th century . History . The brotherhood originated in the 15th century , but it is not known when exactly it was founded . Hans Talhoffer may have been an early member , or even one of the founders ( the lion of St Mark appears in his coat of arms in a manuscript of 1459 ) . The earliest certain attestation dates to 1474 . The group held an annual meeting in Frankfurt , where they elected their captain ( " Hauptmann " ) . In 1487 , Frederick III granted them the monopoly on the title " master of the long sword " ( " Meister des langen Schwerts " ) , effectively making them a fencers ' guild . This title was relevant for the Landsknecht s , because a certified " master of the long sword " wielding the Zweihänder was entitled to twice the pay of a normal soldier ( " Doppelsöldner " ) . The earliest reference to the brotherhood calls them brotherhood of Our dear lady and pure Virgin Mary and the Holy and warlike heavenly prince Saint Mark ( ) . After their recognition by Frederick , the brotherhood was usually referred to as " Marxbrüder " , " Bruderschaft des heiligen Marren " or " Bruderschaft des St . Markus " ( " Marx brothers " , " Brotherhood of St . Mark " ) . Anton Rast ( captain in 1522 ) was a known member of the brotherhood . Woodcut s , some of them by Albrecht Dürer , and other references , show that more than just rapier use was taught by the Marxbrüder . They also taught the use of the Zweihänder ( as mentioned above ) , the dussack , the spear , the quarterstaff and the longsword . The dussack , being primarily a practice weapon , was used to train the real - life use of single - edged swords like the großes Messer . A second fencing brotherhood , the Federfechter , was founded in Prague in 1570 , and recognized by the city of Frankfurt , in spite of protests by the Marx brothers , in 1575 . From 1607 the two societies shared equal privileges , as in that year , the Federfechter received their first letter of privilege from Rudolph II , the Holy Roman Emperor . A third guild may have been Lukasbrüder ( brotherhood of Saint Luke ) . They had no official recognition , however , and were probably closer to a society of hooligans than to a proper guild . Important centers of 16th century martial arts in Germany were Frankfurt , Augsburg and Nuremberg .
Small Arms Ammunition Factory The Small Arms Ammunition Factories were ammunition manufacturing plants run by the Australian government . Nearly all of their production was for domestic use by their military , the police forces , and government - appointed agents . The Founding ( 1888 - 1939 ) . In 1888 the Colonial Ammunition Company of New Zealand founded an ammunition factory in Footscray , a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . It was purchased by the Australian government in 1927 . World War 2 Production ( 1939 - 1945 ) . In August , 1939 , a plan was created to expand native ordnance production in case a war cut Australia off from the rest of the Commonwealth . The antiquated ammunition plant at Footscray was to be abandoned as soon as a more modern and efficient factory was built nearby . To differentiate between them , in 1940 the old factory briefly received the designation of Munitions Factory No . 1 ( MF1 ) and the new factory was designated Munitions Factory No . 2 ( MF2 ) . Demand forced the old factory ( later redesignated SAAF No . 1 ) to remain open until the war ' s end . The new factory ( now designated SAAF No . 2 ) would be the only one to remain open after the war . The plans to make one factory at Hendon was expanded to two factories ( designated SAAFs No . 3 & No . 4 ) that were built only a few hundred yards apart . Conversely , the original plans to make two small factories at Rocklea ( originally designated SAAFs No . 5 & No . 6 ) was abandoned and one large facility was made instead . The sixth and last factory at Welshpool ( originally designated SAAF No . 7 ) received the designation of SAAF No . 6 . Ammunition Factories . The small arms ammunition factories were fed by specialized facilities designed to supply their components . Post - War Production ( 1945 - 1994 ) . In 1989 the Australian government nationalized munitions manufacture under a government - owned company called Australian Defence Industries ( Ltd . ) . Its first round of business was to consolidate and regulate ordnance production . Production at Ammunition Factory Footscray ( AFF ) was slowly wound down beginning in 1991 until it was closed in 1994 . A new factory run by Australian Defense Industries was opened elsewhere at Benalla , Victoria .
Gorelovo ( air base ) Gorelovo ( also Annino ) was an air base in Leningrad Oblast , Russia located 23 km southwest of Saint Petersburg , located 10 km west of Pulkovo Airport . Today it has only 100 stored Mi - 8 helicopters and one active An - 26 . It may have been named Gorelovo during the Cold War and renamed to Annino in the early 1990s .
HMS Orion ( 1787 ) HMS Orion was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Deptford on 1 June 1787 to the design of the , by William Bately . She took part in all the major actions of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars under a series of distinguished captains . In 1794 she fought at the Glorious First of June under Captain John Thomas Duckworth . In early 1795 , Captain James Saumarez was appointed in command . Under Saumarez , " Orion " took part in the defeat of the French fleet at the Battle of Groix off Lorient on 22 June . In early 1797 she was sent to join the Mediterranean Fleet and distinguished herself at the Battle of Cape St . Vincent on 14 February . She then took part in the blockade of Cadiz from March 1797 to April 1798 , when she was sent into the Mediterranean as part of a small squadron under the command of Rear - Admiral Horatio Nelson . In August , Nelson finally caught up with the French fleet , resulting in the Battle of the Nile , where Captain Saumarez was wounded . Seven years later in October 1805 , now under Captain Edward Codrington , she took part in the Battle of Trafalgar where , with " Ajax " , she forced the surrender of the French 74 - gun ship " Intrépide " . After Trafalgar , " Orion " continued in the blockade of Cadiz . On 25 November , detained the Ragusan ship " Nemesis " , which was sailing from Isle de France to Leghorn , Italy , with a cargo of spice , indigo dye , and other goods . " Orion " shared the prize money with ten other British warships . Fate . " Orion " was broken up in 1814 .
Edward Allen ( Medal of Honor ) Edward G . Allen ( December 4 , 1859 – April 16 , 1917 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Allen was born in Amsterdam , the Netherlands , and after entering the navy Allen was sent to China to fight in the Boxer Rebellion . He died on April 16 , 1917 , and is buried in the Evergreens Cemetery Brooklyn , New York . His grave can be found in the Nazareth Section , Lot 1251 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Boatswain ' s Mate First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 4 December 1859 , Amsterdam , Holland . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation :