naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Israel Vogdes Israel Vogdes ( August 14 , 1816 – December 7 , 1889 ) was a career soldier and military educator from Pennsylvania who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Vogdes was born in Chester County , Pennsylvania , the youngest of five children of Aaron and Ann ( Hayman ) Vogdes . He was educated in the local schools . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in West Point , New York , in 1837 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st U . S . Artillery . He was promoted the following year to first lieutenant , and in 1847 to captain . He served as Assistant Professor of Mathematics , USMA , from September 4 , 1837 , to August 30 , 1843 , and as Principal Assistant Professor from August 30 , 1843 , until September 15 , 1849 . He married Mary Thomas and had three children . When his first wife died , he remarried and had four more offspring . Two of his sons later were officers in the U . S . Army ; one served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a lieutenant in the 100th New York Infantry . Shortly after the start of the Civil War , Captain Vogdes stationed at Fort Monroe . Promoted to major , he was part of an expedition that was sent to Florida to quell the rebellion in that state , but was taken as a prisoner of war at Fort Pickens in October 1861 . After being exchanged in August 1862 , he was appointed as a brigadier general in the Union Army ' s X Corps in November 1862 . He commanded the Federal forces on Folly Island beginning in August 1863 and participated in the Second Battle of Charleston Harbor . Vogdes then commanded forces in the X Corps in the Military District of Florida in early 1864 . He finished the war as commander of the defenses of Norfolk and Portsmouth , Virginia . At the close of the war , he was brevetted as a brigadier general in the Regular Army . After the war , Vogdes returned to the Regular Army ' s 1st U . S . Artillery . He retired from the service in 1881 with the rank of colonel . He retired to New York City and died there in 1889 at the age of 73 .
William Pittenger ( soldier ) William Pittenger ( January 31 , 1840 Knoxville , Jefferson County , Ohio – April 24 , 1904 Fallbrook , California ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of the Medal of Honor . Biography . The son of Thomas and Mary Mills Pittenger , Pittenger studied in the county schools until the age of sixteen . On the outbreak of the Civil War , he enlisted as a private in Company H of the 2nd Ohio Infantry Regiment on April 17 , 1861 , for three months of service , during which time he participated in the First Battle of Bull Run . He soon re - enlisted in the Army for a three year term , being mustered in on September 11 , 1861 , at Camp Dennison , Ohio , and days later joining the reconstituted 2nd Ohio Infantry as a corporal in Company G . Promoted to sergeant on March 13 , 1862 , Pittenger saw action in Andrews ' Raid , also referred to as the Great Locomotive Chase . Captured on April 15 , 1862 , near Lafayette , Georgia , he escaped execution as a spy and was imprisoned until March 18 , 1863 , when he was paroled via City Point , Virginia . Following his release and subsequent receipt of the Medal of Honor , Pittenger was promoted to lieutenant and served until impaired health forced him to resign . He was discharged with a disability on August 14 , 1863 , at Anderson Station , Tennessee . He married Wilhelmina " Winnie " Clyde Osborne of New Brighton , Pennsylvania , on May 17 , 1864 , and had six children . Following his discharge from the Army , Pittenger entered the Pittsburgh conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1864 . He was transferred to the New Jersey conference in 1870 and worked there until at least 1888 . Beginning in 1878 he was a professor at the National School of Elocution and Oratory in Philadelphia . He is the author of " Daring and Suffering , a History of the Great Railroad Adventurers " ( Philadelphia , 1863 ; enlarged ed . , New York , 1887 ) ; " Oratory , Sacred and Secular " ( Philadelphia , 1881 ) ; and " Extempore Speech " ( 1882 ) . He was buried at Odd Fellows Cemetery in Fallbrook , California , on April 25 , 1904 . A Medal of Honor marker was placed on his grave on July 7 , 1988 . Citation . Pittenger was awarded the fifth ever Medal of Honor on March 25 , 1863 , for his service during the Great Locomotive Chase . His official citation reads : " " One of the 19 of 22 men ( including 2 civilians ) who , by direction of Gen . Mitchell ( or Buell ) , penetrated nearly 200 miles south into enemy territory and captured a railroad train at Big Shanty , Ga . , in an attempt to destroy the bridges and tract between Chattanooga and Atlanta . " "
312th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron The 312th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 58th Tactical Training Wing . stationed at Luke Air Force Base , Arizona . It was inactivated on 18 January 1991 . Upon inactivation , all personnel , equipment and aircraft were re - assigned to the 311th Fighter Squadron . History . Activated in 1942 under III Fighter Command . Performed Operational training and Replacement training of newly - graduated pilots on single - engined fighters . Operated a mixture of P - 39s , P - 40s and P - 47s . Inactivated in May 1944 as part of phase down of RTU program . Reactivated by Tactical Air Command , 1984 as first F - 16C / D training squadron in the USAF as a replacement training unit ( RTU ) . Initially equipped with new Block 25s , converted to new Block 42s in 1990 . Aircraft carried " LF " tail code , black tail stripe outlined in red . Inactivated in 1991 . Most aircraft reassigned to 308th , 309 , 310th upon inactivation .
Gênes Gênes is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Italy , named after the city of Genoa . It was formed in 1805 , when Napoleon Bonaparte occupied the Republic of Genoa . Its capital was Genoa . The département was subdivided into the following arrondissement s and cantons ( situation in 1812 ) : Its population in 1812 was 400 , 056 , and its area was 237 , 600 hectares . It was disbanded after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 . Its territory is presently divided over the Italian provinces Genoa , Piacenza , Alessandria and Pavia . The trousers called jeans in English are named for the " bleu de Gênes " , a blue dye used for denim .
Hans - Werner Kraus Hans - Werner Kraus ( 1 July 1915 – 25 May 1990 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Kraus served as 1st watch officer on from January 1940 until November 1940 having replaced Engelbert Endrass . He later commanded and . He was on board the latter when it was bombed and sunk by aircraft off the coast of Brazil on 31 July 1943 . Captured , he was sent as a POW to the United States . Kraus was one of the 25 POWs who escaped from Camp Papago Park , Arizona , during the night of 23 – 24 December 1944 . Summary of career . Ships attacked . * Sailing vessel
Mikhail Vasilyevich Rudakov Mikhail Vasilyevich Rudakov ( ) ( 1905 – 1979 ) was a Soviet military leader , Member of the Military Council of several Fronts during World War II , reaching service rank of Lieutenant General . Career . Since 1923 , joined the Soviet Red Army . Since 1926 , became a member of the Soviet Communist Party . 1938 , graduated from the Vladimir Lenin Political Military Academy . 1939 , Political Commissar of 11th Army . 1941 September , Member of the Military Council of the 27th Army ( renamed as 4th Shock Army in December 1941 ) . November 1942 , Member of the Military Council of Southwestern Front ( Soviet Union ) ( renamed as 3rd Ukrainian Front in October 1943 ) April 1944 , Member of the Military Council of the 3rd Baltic Front . November 1944 , Member of the Military Council of the 1st Baltic Front . February 1945 , Samland Group of Forces . After World War II , political works in the Soviet Armed Forces . 1952 , graduated from the General Staff Academy . Sources . http : / / victory . mil . ru / people / 01 / 01 / rudakov . html ( in Russian )
USNS Lt . Raymond O . Beaudoin ( T - AP - 189 ) USNS " Lt . Raymond O . Beaudoin " ( T - AP - 189 ) was a troop transport that served with the United States Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) during the Korean War . Prior to her MSTS service , she served as a commercial vessel under the name SS " Marshall Victory , and later with the US Army as USAT " Lt . Raymond O . Beaudoin . Laid down as the Victory ship " Marshall Victory " under Maritime Commission contract by Bethlehem ‑ Fairfield Shipyard , Inc of Baltimore , Maryland 4 April 1945 , she was launched 21 May 1945 ; and delivered to her operator , J . H . Winchester , 15 June 1945 . Commercial and army service . Owned by the Maritime Administration , she served on the merchant sealanes and later with the Army Transportation Service primarily in the Pacific . She was transferred by the Maritime Administration to the Navy 22 July 1950 and placed in service 1 August 1950 . MSTS service . Manned by a civilian crew , she operated under the control of MSTS and made supply runs and troop lifts between west coast ports and American bases in Japan and South Korea . From 20 April 1951 to 13 September 1962 she completed 20 deployments to Korean waters as a part of the vital seaborne supply line between Japan and Korea . Deactivation . She was returned to the custody of the Maritime Administration 5 November 1952 and was placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet in Puget Sound , Olympia , Washington . Her name was struck from the Navy List 22 December 1952 . The ship was scrapped in 1972 . Awards . " Lt . Raymond O . Beaudoin " received four battle star s for service during the Korean War .
Todt Battery The Todt Battery ( " Batterie Todt " , in French ) is a battery of coastal artillery built by the Germans in World War II , located in the hamlet of Haringzelle , Audinghen , near Cape Gris Nez , Pas de Calais , France . It was one of the most important coastal fortifications of the Atlantic Wall , and consisted of four 380 mm calibre Krupp guns with a range up to 55 . 7 km , capable of reaching the British coast , and each protected by a bunker of reinforced concrete . The battery fired its first shell on 20 January 1942 , although it was only officially opened in February 1942 in the presence of high German Navy dignitaries . Originally to be called Siegfried Battery , it was renamed in honour of the German engineer Fritz Todt , creator of the Todt Organisation and responsible for the construction of the Atlantic Wall , who died in a plane crash days before the battery ' s inauguration . The battery was taken by Anglo - Canadian troops in September 1944 , after an intense aerial bombardment , as part of Operation Undergo . One of the four casemate s now houses a museum about World War II , " Musée du Mur de l ' Atlantique " . The exhibits include military hardware , including , outside , one of two surviving Krupp K5 artillery rail - mounted cannon .
AN / ARC - 34 The AN / ARC - 34 is an airborne UHF communications system , that was used in many U . S . aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s , such as the A - 37 , B - 52 , B - 57 , F - 5 , F - 86 , F - 100 , F - 101 , F - 102 , C - 130 , C - 135 , C - 137 , C - 140 , CH - 3 , H - 43 , H - 53 , T - 38 , T - 39 and U - 2 . System Description . The ARC - 34 was a military UHF AM radio that operated between 225 . 0 - 399 . 9 MHz and transmitted at 8 watts . It featured a separate guard receiver for monitoring 243 MHz , while simultaneously monitoring the active channel selected . The unit was unpressurized , but a pressurized version , designated AN / ARC - 133 , could operate at altitudes up to 50 , 000 feet . The radio system was designed by RCA , but some models were built by Magnavox .
Australian Memorial Park The Australian Memorial Park is a World War I memorial , located near Fromelles , France commemorating Australians killed during the Battle of Fromelles . Location . The memorial park is located approximately from the V . C . Corner Australian Cemetery and Memorial , on the same road in the direction of the village of Fromelles . It lies at the point where the German lines crossed the road , and has several surviving battlefield fortifications . In comparison , the V . C . Corner cemetery and memorial is approximately at the point where the Allied lines crossed the road . Inauguration . The Memorial Park was opened on 5 July 1998 by Bruce Scott , the Australian Minister for Veterans ' Affairs , in the presence of Ian McLachlan , the Australian Minister for Defence . The opening of this memorial park was part of a series of events that commemorated the 80th anniversary of the end of World War I . A guard of honour was provided by the French 43rd Infantry Regiment , and the Australian 10th / 27th Battalion , and the opening of the memorial park was attended by hundreds from Australia and France . Memorial . " Cobbers " is a prominent 1998 sculpture by Peter Corlett of Sergeant Simon Fraser rescuing a wounded compatriot from No Man ' s Land after the battle . A replica of the sculpture is in the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne , Victoria . The title comes from a letter that Fraser , a farmer from Byaduk , Victoria , wrote a few days after the battle and that was widely quoted in Australia ' s official history of World War I . Several commemorative events have been held at the Memorial Park . On 9 May 2009 , a Service of Remembrance was held to mark the 94th anniversary of the Battle of Aubers Ridge . On 19 July 2009 , a service was held to mark the 93rd anniversary of the Battle of Fromelles .
Porta San Paolo The Porta San Paolo is one of the southern gates in the 3rd - century Aurelian Walls of Rome , Italy . The Ostiense Museum is housed within the gatehouse . Just to the west is the Pyramid of Cestius , an Egypt ian - style pyramid , and beyond that is the Protestant Cemetery . History . The original name of the gate was Porta Ostiensis because it was located of the beginning of via Ostiense , the road that connected Rome and Ostia where functioned as its main gate . Via Ostiense was an important arterial road as evidenced by the fact that upon entering the gate of the same name , the road split , with one direction leading to the famous Roman Emporium , the great market of Rome . The gatehouse is flanked by two cylindrical towers , and has two entrances , which had been covered by a second , single - opening gate , built in front of the first by Belisarius ( 530s – 540s ) . The structure is due to Maxentius , in the 4th century , but the two towers were heightened by Honorius . Its original — Latin — name was " Porta Ostiensis " , since it opened on the way to Ostia . Later , it was renamed to the Italian " Porta San Paolo " , because it was the exit of Rome that led to the St . Paul basilica outside the walls . In 549 , the Rome was under siege ; the Ostrogoths of Totila entered through this gate , because of the treason of the Isaurian garrison . On 10 September 1943 , two days after the armistice between the Allies and Italy had been agreed , Italian military and civil forces tried to block German seizure of the city , with 570 casualties .
Grapeshot In artillery , a grapeshot is a type of shot that is not one solid element , but a mass of small metal balls or slugs packed tightly into a canvas bag . It was used both in land and naval warfare . When assembled , the balls resembled a cluster of grape s , hence the name . On firing , the balls spread out from the muzzle , giving an effect similar to a giant shotgun . Grapeshot was devastatingly effective against massed infantry at short range . It was used to savage massed infantry charges quickly . Cannons would fire solid shot to attack enemy artillery and troops at longer range and switch to grape when they or nearby troops were charged . Canister shot , also known as case shot , was packaged in a tin or brass container , possibly guided by a wooden sabot . Canister balls did not have to punch through the wooden hull of a ship , so were smaller and more numerous . The later shrapnel shell was similar , but with a much greater range . Scattershot is an improvised form of grapeshot which uses chain links , nails , shards of glass , rocks or other similar objects as the projectiles . Although scattershot can be cheaply made , it is less effective than grapeshot due to the lack of uniformity in the projectiles ' mass , shape , material , and resultant ballistics . Field - expedient Claymore mine s , consisting of a container , projectiles such as ball bearings or used ammo links arranged to project in one general direction , and explosives are often called grapeshot . Use in conflicts . Conflicts in which grapeshot was effectively used include :
3d Reconnaissance Group The 3d Reconnaissance Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with Twelfth Air Force , based at Pomigliano , Italy . It was inactivated on September 12 , 1945 . History . Provided photographic intelligence that assisted the campaigns for Tunisia , Pantelleria , Sardinia , and Sicily . Reconnoitered airdromes , roads , marshalling yards , and harbors both before and after the Allied landings at Salerno . Covered the Anzio area early in 1944 and continued to support Fifth Army in its drive through Italy by determining troop movements , gun positions , and terrain . Flew reconnaissance missions in connection with the Invasion of Southern France in August 1944 . Received a DUC for a mission on 28 August 1944 when the group provided photographic intelligence that assisted the rapid advance of Allied ground forces . Also mapped areas in France and the Balkans .
Variara submachine gun The Variara submachine gun ( in Italian " Mitra Variara " ) is an insurgency weapon clandestinely designed and made by the Italian Resistance , which might have originated from a difficulty in getting automatic weapons by whatever means , including theft or Allied airdrop s in the Piedmont area sometime in 1944 . < br > The real circumstances of its genesis are still unclear . Hearsay has it , that it was created by FIAT workers with experience in gun making , and that the name " Variara " came from a partisan unit which , in turn , had been named after one of its casualties . At any rate , unlike earlier scratch - built guns ( basically Sten Gun copies ) , the " Variara " was a completely original project mixing different characteristics borrowed from a wide array of contemporary firearms : Details on length of service and production figures are uncertain and maybe impossible to make clear , since documents are scarce and only a handful of " Variara " submachine guns are preserved in Italian museums . References . Enzo Biagi , " Storia della Seconda guerra mondiale " , Fabbri , 1997 .
Constantine Euphorbenos Katakalon Constantine Euphorbenos Katakalon ( ) was a Byzantine noble and one of the most prominent generals of the reign of Alexios I Komnenos ( r . 1081 – 1118 ) . A descendant of the noble Katakalon and Euphorbenos families , Constantine is first mentioned in the sources when he commanded the Chomatenoi corps and the Turkish contingent of Alexios Komnenos ' army in the Battle of Kalavrye in 1078 . He appears again in the lists of the Synod of Blachernae in 1094 , bearing the title of " protokouropalates " . In the next year , he took part in Alexios ' campaign against the Cumans . Alexios sent him to attack the Cumans while they were crossing the Zygos pass , but the latter , guided by local Vlachs , managed to cross the pass sooner and seize the town of Goloe . Katakalon nevertheless attacked the Cuman foraging parties and managed to capture about a hundred prisoners , for which he was promoted to " nobelissimos " . He was next dispatched to assist the city of Adrianople , which was being besieged by the Cumans . He attempted to enter the city from the south , but was surprised by the Cumans on the march , and barely escaped with his life . In 1096 , the emperor sent him to rescue the remnants of the People ' s Crusade , which had been defeated and almost destroyed by the Seljuks . The Turks withdrew before his advance , and Katakalon managed to rescue the surviving crusaders . In ca . 1100 , he was named " doux " ( military governor ) of Cyprus , and held that post at least until 1102 / 1104 . In 1108 , Katakalon was part of an embassy sent by Alexios to Bohemond , who was besieging the imperial fortress of Dyrrhachium . The Byzantine delegation convinced the Norman prince to seek a settlement with the Empire , and accompanied him to the imperial camp at Deabolis , where the namesake treaty was signed . Katakalon was one of Alexios ' most trusted and esteemed officials . In token of this , his son Nikephoros was given the hand of Maria Komnene , the emperor ' s second daughter , in marriage . Together they had several children , of whom three sons are known : Alexios , Andronikos and John .
The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century is a 1996 documentary series that aired on PBS . It chronicles World War I over eight episodes . It was narrated by Dame Judi Dench in the UK and Salome Jens in the United States . The series won two Primetime Emmy Awards : one for Jeremy Irons for Outstanding Voice - Over Performance , the other for Outstanding Informational Series . In 1997 , it was given a Peabody Award .
Rumpler C . IV The Rumpler C . IV was a German single - engine , two - seat reconnaissance biplane . The C . IV was a development of C . III with different tail surfaces and using a Mercedes D . IVa engine in place of C . III ' s Benz Bz . IV . In addition to the parent company , the aircraft was also built by Pfalz Flugzeugwerke as the Pfalz C . I . Another variant of the basic design was the Rumpler 6B - 2 single - seat floatplane fighter , with a 120 kW ( 160 hp ) Mercedes D . III engine , built for the " Kaiserliche Marine " ( Imperial Navy ) . For a two - seater reconnaissance aircraft , Rumpler C . IV had an excellent performance , which enabled it to remain in front - line service until the end of World War I on the Western Front , as well as in Italy and Palestine . Its exceptional ceiling allowed pilots to undertake reconnaissance secure in the knowledge that few allied aircraft could reach it . For use during filming , Slingsby Sailplanes built two Slingsby T . 58 Rumpler C . IV replicas . While these were visually similar to the original aircraft , they were structurally completely different , having a steel - tube fuselage structure and wooden wings , and being powered by a de Havilland Gipsy Major engine .
List of Illinois Civil War units Infantry units . In recognition of Illinois ’ six regiments ' service in the Mexican War , regimental numbers for infantry in the Civil War began at seven . References . Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Illinois . This series of books give an over view of all military units provided the State of Illinois and listing of rosters of each unit .