naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gregory S . Newbold Lieutenant General Gregory S . Newbold is a retired United States Marine Corps 3 - star general who served as Director of Operations ( J - 3 ) for the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 2000 until he retired in October 2002 . Openly critical of Donald Rumsfeld ' s plans for the invasion of Iraq , he retired partly as a protest . Career . After his commissioning as a second lieutenant in 1970 he attended The Basic School at the Marine Corps Base Quantico , Virginia , where he was designated an infantry officer . Lieutenant General Newbold ' s assignments have included Fleet Marine Force tours in the 1st Marine Division , the 2nd Marine Division , and the 3rd Marine Divisions , with the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade , and with I Marine Expeditionary Force . He has commanded infantry units at the platoon , company , and battalion level , and also served at different times as executive officer , operations officer , and logistics officer in a variety of operational units . While Lieutenant General Newbold commanded the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit , this force was in the vanguard of the U . S . commitment for Operation Restore Hope in Somalia . Prior to reporting to his assignment with the Joint Staff , he served as Commanding General , 1st Marine Division . Lieutenant General Newbold has served tours outside the Fleet Marine Force as tactics instructor at The Basic School , officer assignment officer at Headquarters Marine Corps , Warfare Policy Planner on the Joint Staff , Military Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy , Head of the Enlisted Assignment Branch at Headquarters Marine Corps , and as the Director , Manpower Plans and Policy Division , Headquarters Marine Corps , Washington , DC . His professional military education has included attendance at Amphibious Warfare School , the Marine Corps Command and Staff College , and the National War College . Life after retirement . General Newbold is a resident of Virginia . On March 3 , 2006 , Newbold joined fellow former Marine Corps General Joseph P . Hoar , General Tony Zinni , Lt . General Frank E . Petersen , and Congressman Jack Murtha in endorsing fellow former U . S . Marine and Secretary of the Navy Jim Webb for U . S . Senate in Virginia .
FVM Ö1 Tummelisa The FVM Ö1 Tummelisa is a single seat , single engine Swedish biplane from the 1920s . It was operated by the Swedish Air Force as its advanced trainer until the mid - 1930s . Design and development . In 1919 Gösta von Porat was completing an advanced aeronautics course in France , part of which was a design study for a 80 hp ( 60 kW ) single engine biplane . He returned to his native Sweden to lead the Swedish Army Telegraph Corps ' Aviation Department , based near Linköping which had FVM as its workshop and passed on the rather incomplete set of diagrams and calculations to Henry Kjellson , an engineer there . Von Porat also made several 90 hp ( 67 kW ) Le - Rhone - Thulin rotary engines , bought after the bankruptcy of the Thulin concern , available to Kjellson . The result was the E . 1 , the factory name . The nickname Tummelisa , after the female partner of Tom Thumb , was widely used , though often shortened to Lisa . After the formation of the Swedish Air Force in 1926 the aircraft became officially known as the Ö1 . It is an all - wood single bay biplane , with equal span wings without stagger . The wings have simple parallel , faired interplane struts , assisted by flying wires and carry full - span ailerons only on the lower wing . There is a small trailing edge cut - out over the cockpit to improve the upward view . Its fuselage has a square section , with raised decking behind the cockpit . The Thulin A rotary engine has the usual incomplete cowling associated with this engine type , intended to restrict oil - spray . The Tummelisa has mainwheels on a fixed , single axle undercarriage , mounted via faired V - struts to the lower fuselage longerons , assisted by a tailskid and underwing wire loops . The broad chord tail surfaces have curved leading edges , with the tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage . The Tummelisa flew for the first time in June 1920 , with von Porat at the controls . There were few problems . Operational history . 28 Tummelisas were built as advanced trainers . Once the gyroscopic effects of the rotary engine were mastered , it was a " delightful aircraft to fly " . They remained in service with the Swedish Air Force until 1935 . No original Tummelisa flies regularly , though one , normally a museum exhibit , was flown in anniversary displays in 1951 and 1962 . A carefully constructed replica , built by Mikael Carlson in the 1980s and fitted with an original Thulin engine has flown in displays across Europe , in North America and Australasia .
Robert I , Count of Artois Robert I of Artois ( 1216 – 8 February 1250 ) , called the Good , was the first Count of Artois , the fifth ( and second surviving ) son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile . Life . He received Artois as an appanage , in accordance with the will of his father ( died 1226 ) on attaining his majority in 1237 ( aged twenty - one ) . In 1240 Pope Gregory IX , in conflict with the Emperor Frederick II , offered to crown Robert as emperor in opposition to Frederick , but the French count refuse to pretend to such a title . Marriage . On 14 June 1237 Robert married Matilda , daughter of Henry II of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen . They had two children : Death . Robert died while leading a reckless attack on Al Mansurah . He and the Templars accompanying the expedition charged into the town and became trapped in the narrow streets . According to Jean de Joinville , he defended himself for some time in a house there , but was at last overpowered and killed . According to Matthew Paris , he fled in disgrace at the height of the battle , and drowned while trying to cross a river named Thanis ( a branch of the Nile ) . In Egypt it is believed that Sultan Qutuz killed him .
Anti - fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia The Anti - fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia ( , Cyrillic : Антифашистичка скупштина народног ослобођења Србије ) was formed as the highest governing organ of anti - fascist movement in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia and during World War II developed to be bearer of Serbian statehood . Its president was Siniša Stanković .
USS LSM - 217 USS " LSM - 217 " was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . Like many of her class , she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation . She was laid down ( Unknown ) at Dravo Corporation , Wilmington , DE . , launched on ( Unknown ) , and commissioned as USS " LSM - 217 " on 4 Aug 1944 , LT . Eugene J . Heisley , USNR in command . Service history . " LSM - 217 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific Theater and crossed the International Date Line on 7 November 1944 . As part of the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf she participated in the Luzon operation , which included the Lingayen Gulf landings ( 4 – 12 January 1945 ) . " LSM - 217 " was struck from the " Naval Register " in 1946 . Final Disposition , sold , 22 October 1947 , to Avondale Marine Ways , Inc . , Westwego , LA . , fate unknown . " LSM - 217 " earned one battle stars for World War II service
45th Infantry Division ( United Kingdom ) The 45th Infantry Division was a 2nd Line Territorial Army division during the First and Second World War s . It was a duplicate of the 43rd ( Wessex ) Infantry Division . The division was first formed as the 2nd Wessex Division of the Territorial Force in 1914 - 1915 . It became the 45th ( 2nd Wessex ) Division in 1915 . During World War II , the division was active in Great Britain throughout its service . It was placed on a lower establishment on 1 December 1941 , and finally disbanded on 30 August 1944 . The division did not see active service during the war .
Company Sergeant Company Sergeant ( CS ) ( " Sáirsint Complachta " in Irish ) is a non - commissioned officer rank in the Irish Army equivalent to a First Sergeant in the United States Army and Warrant Officer Class 2 in the British Army . The insignia of a Company Sergeant for service dress is three winged chevrons in red , with a yellow border ; above is an army badge embroidered in red . The entire insignia is wide . The subdued rank insignia has smaller chevrons , and the badge is in larger proportion to avoid confusion with other ranks . Irish ranks derive from the British system at the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922 . In the Irish Army the rank was always known as Company Sergeant , but originated in the British appointment of Company Sergeant Major . The CS is the senior NCO of a company , responsible for day - to - day administration and training along with the company second - in - command , who is a Captain . In the Artillery Corps , the rank is known as Battery Sergeant ( Bty Sgt or BS ) and in the Cavalry Corps it is known as Squadron Sergeant ( SS ) .
16th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 16th Army ( ) was a World War II field army . It took part in the Battle of France . It was then deployed with Army Group North during Operation Barbarossa , the German invasion of the Soviet Union . It fought its way into northern Russia where in January 1942 part of it was encircled by the Soviets near Demyansk . Hitler forbade a withdrawal and the Army was re - supplied by air until a land corridor was opened in April 1942 . It was subsequently involved in the siege of Leningrad . The Soviets relieved Leningrad in January 1944 . On February 19 , 1944 , the Soviet 2nd Baltic Front launched a fresh set of attacks against the German 16th Army around Kholm . The Soviet 22nd Army made good progress in the initial assault . These attacks greatly diminished the 16th Army . It , along with the 18th Army was cut off in the Courland Peninsula when the Soviets launched their summer and autumn offensives of 1944 . It stayed trapped there until the end of the war . After the war , 250 , 000 German troops trapped in the Courland Pocket were marched into captivity , many were never heard from again . Commanders . " Generalfeldmarschall " Ernst Busch 22 October 1939 - 11 October 1943 " General der Artillerie " Christian Hansen 11 October 1943 - 1 July 1944 " General der Infanterie " Paul Laux 2 July 1944 - 30 August 1944 " Generaloberst " Carl Hilpert 3 September 1944 - 10 March 1945 " General der Infanterie " Ernst - Anton von Krosigk 10 March 1945 - 16 March 1945 " General der Gebirgstruppen " Friedrich - Jobst Volckamer von Kirchensittenbach 17 March 1945 - 10 May 1945
Torch Commando The Torch Commando was born out of the work of the Springbok Legion , a South African organisation of World War II veterans , founded in 1941 during the second world war by progressive anti - fascist servicemen , and the War Veterans Action Committee established with the involvement of Springbok Legionnaires to appeal to a broader base of ex - servicemen . It was underwritten by Harry Oppenheimer , through an opaque trust fund . The Springbok Legion was initially formed by members of the 9th Recce Battalion of the South African Tank Corps , the Soldiers Interests Committee formed by members of the First South African Brigade in Addas Ababa , and the Union of Soldiers formed by the same brigade in Egypt . The aims and objectives of the Springbok Legion were enunciated in its ' Soldiers Manifesto ' . The Springbok Legion was open to all servicemen regardless of race or gender and was avowedly anti - fascist and anti - racist . Amongst its leading members were servicemen such as Joe Slovo , Lionel Bernstein , Wolfie Kodesh , Jack Hodgson and Fred Carneson who all later joined the African National Congress and its military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe under the command of Nelson Mandela . Others such as Harry Schwarz , a later well - known anti - apartheid political leader , lawyer and ambassador to the United States during the government on national unity was one of the organizations founders . The Torch Commando was founded in 1951 during the Coloured vote constitutional crisis , in protest against the South African government ' s plan to remove coloured s from the voters roll in the Cape . At a time when the Springbok Legion ' s numbers were diminishing , the Torch Commando strategy gave a new lease of life to the aims and objectives of the Springbok Legion , perceived as being too left wing by some , and gave a home to whites in other liberal formations including liberals in the United Party , who identified with black grievances . The wartime fighter ace Group Captain Adolph Malan , who had ordered the first attack that downed RAF Hurricanes , became the president of the ' Torch Commando ' . The commando ' s main activities were torchlight marches , from which they took their name . The largest march attracted 75 000 protesters . The Torch Commando existed for more than five years , and at its height had 250 , 000 members . The government was alarmed by the number of judges , public servants and military officers joining the organisation , and a new law was passed to ban anyone in public service or the military from joining . Subsequently the National Party did everything to purge the memory of the Springbok Legion , Torch Commando and men such as ' Sailor ' Malan , who have appeal with white Afrikaner youth .
August 1st ( aerobatic team ) The August 1st or 81st Aerobatics Team ( ) is the aerobatic demonstration team of the People ' s Liberation Army Air Force . It is named after the date of the founding of the PLAAF , and is a part of the PLAAF Beijing Military Region . The unit was founded in 1962 and has over the years performed more than 500 times for delegations from 166 countries and regions . Its first show abroad happened in August 2013 during the Russian airshow MAKS . Aircraft . The August 1st aerobatic team ( Ba Yi aerobatic team ) initially equipped the fleet with JJ - 5 fighter - trainer jets , a Chinese version of Russian made MiG - 17 . In later years the JJ - 5s were replaced by Chengdu J - 7EB , then again was replaced by the newer J - 7GB ( 2001 ) . There are about 8 aircraft in the fleet , but only 6 are set for any airshow . In May 2009 , the team upgraded their jets to the much more advanced Chengdu J - 10 multirole fighter .
T - 93 mine The T - 93 is an Egypt ian scatterable anti - tank mine similar in appearance to the German AT - 2 scatterable mine . It can be dispensed from launchers deployed on the ground or mounted on vehicles which can hold as many as 600 mines . The mine is cylindrical with twelve spring - loaded legs folded up against the sides of its body during storage . After the mine is dispensed and strikes the ground , the legs spring open , pointing the mine upright . The mine is triggered by a magnetic fuze when an appropriate target is detected , detonating the Misznay Schardin effect warhead , which produces a self - forging fragment capable of penetrating up to 80 millimeters of armor .
Matsuyama Castle ( Iyo ) History . This castle was originally built by Kato Yoshiaki in 1603 . It had a large five - story " tenshu " , or keep , which was moved to Aizu Castle when Kato was transferred there in 1627 . The next lord , Tadachika Gamoh , died in 1635 , shortly after completing the " ninomaru " . After Tadachika , Matsudaira Sadayuki became the new lord . He completed a new Castle Tower ( tenshu ) in 1642 . His heirs continued to rule the castle after his death . However , on New Years Day , 1784 , this Castle Tower ( tenshu ) was struck by lightning and burned down . The current Castle Tower ( tenshu ) was built between 1820 and 1854 . The castle survived the Meiji restoration , but parts of it were destroyed by bombing from American forces during World War II . Since 1966 , the city of Matsuyama has been working to restore the castle . Today . In Matsuyama , the Castle Tower ( tenshu ) , or the main building of the castle can be seen from almost all places . The castle is accessible from the city central via Matsuyamajo Ropeway , a chairlift , or on foot .
Breda Ba . 64 The Breda Ba . 64 was an Italian single - engine ground - attack aircraft used by the " Regia Aeronautica " during the 1930s . Designed by Antonio Parano and Giuseppe Panzeri , it saw limited service in two units from 1936 , together with the contemporary Caproni A . P . 1 . It was retired from active service in 1939 , replaced by the more powerful derivative , the Ba . 65 . Design and development . A development of the earlier Ba . 27 fighter ( 1932 ) , the Ba . 64 was designed in 1933 to requirements set out by the " Regia Aeronautica " for an aircraft able to undertake multiple roles : fighter , bomber and reconnaissance . The aircraft featured an all - metal , low - wing cantilever monoplane with a wire braced tail unit and fixed tail wheel . The open cockpit was placed well forward on the fuselage in line with the wing roots to provide an excellent field of vision down as well as forward . The headrest behind the cockpit was extended as a streamlined fairing all the way down the fuselage upper decking to the tail . Two prototypes powered by a 522 kW ( 700 hp ) Bristol Pegasus were developed , the first as a two - seater bomber with an armament of four 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) machine guns in the wings and up to 400 kg ( 882 lb ) of bombs in racks under the wings . The second was a single - seater fighter configuration fitted with a semi - retractable main landing gear that when in its rearward retracted position , provided less drag as well as protection in case of a wheels - up landing . The first prototype flew in 1934 but flight tests revealed a lacklustre performance despite the use of a variable - pitch , three - blade propeller . Nonetheless , a limited production order was placed for a composite variant that combined the two - place configuration of the bomber ( although a small number of single - seaters were built in the initial series ) with the semi - retractable fighter landing gear . The production variant was powered by a 485 kW ( 650 hp ) Alfa Romeo 125 C and although single - seat variants were built , all the Ba . 64s were converted to two - place bomber / attack aircraft with a single 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) machine gun mounted in the rear cockpit . Production of the 42 Ba . 64s was complete by 1936 . Operational history . Production aircraft were sent to 5° and 50° " Stormos " but pilots considered them ill - equipped to undertake missions as a bomber or fighter . The faults including being underpowered , heavy handling characteristics and a tendency to enter high - speed stalls that led to a number of fatal crashes . After limited use in front - line service , the Ba . 64s were relegated to second - line duties although a small number survived until March 1943 . Two Ba . 64s were exported by the Soviet Union in 1938 while a single example saw brief service in June 1937 during the Spanish Civil War with Nationalist forces in the " Aviazione Legionaria " .
John H . Fisher John H . Fisher ( 1837 – September 16 , 1895 ) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Fisher joined the 55th Illinois Infantry as a private in September 1861 , and was discharged in May 1865 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863 .
Firqa ( military ) Firqa refers to local militia units in Oman . The British were known for utilising Firqa during their occupation there , converting former enemies into pro - British militia to aid them in their counter - insurgency . Firqa continued at least until recent times ; as recently as 1990 the Omani government was issuing payments of 120 - 140 rials per month . This payment was both to maintain a pro - government paramilitary force , as well as to enable nomadic Omanis to continue living in their traditional areas .
125th Ohio Infantry The 125th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 125th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 125th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Taylor , Cleveland , Ohio , and mustered in three years of service on October 6 , 1862 under the command of colonel Emerson Opdycke . The regiment was attached to 3rd Brigade , 1st Division , XXI Corps ( Union Army ) , in Major General William S . Rosecrans ' Army of the Cumberland , till October 1863 . 3rd Brigade , 2nd Division , IV Corps ( Union Army ) of the Cumberland , till October , 1864 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , 4th Army Corps and Dept . of Texas , till September , 1865 . The 125th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service on September 25 , 1865 . Primarily involved in long marches and skirmishes until Battle of Chickamauga , fighting against the odds . After Chickamauga , Gen . Rosecrans was replaced by Maj . Gen . George H . Thomas , ' The Rock of Chickamauga ' . The 125th then participated in the Battle of Missionary Ridge , and helped to push Braxton Bragg ' s men away from Chattanooga , Tennessee . In the spring of 1864 , it joined William Tecumseh Sherman in his Atlanta Campaign . They fought all the way until the end , at the Battle of Jonesborough , and then preceded to follow confederate Lt . Gen . John Bell Hood North to Nashville , Tennessee In Colonel Opdycke ' s brigade , it fought in Battle of Franklin and the decisive union victory at Nashville . The 125th OVI gained a high reputation for its fighting qualities . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 225 men during service ; 7 officers and 104 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 114 enlisted men died of disease . References . Larry Stevens ' Ohio in the Civil War web site for the 125th Ohio Infantry
Zawiyet Umm el - Rakham Zawiyet Umm el - Rakham ( literally " the resthouse of the mother of vultures " ) is located on the North coast of Egypt 20 km to the west of Marsa Matruh , and about 300 km to the west of Alexandria During the reign of Ramesses II , it was the location of a fortress which marked the western extent of direct Egyptian influence . It was discovered in 1948 and in the subsequent years was sporadically examined by Alan Rowe and Labib Habachi , between 1994 and 2001 extensive excavations were undertaken by a University of Liverpool under the direction of Steven Snape .
Bogdan Dzakovic Bogdan Dzakovic is a 14 - year veteran of the Security Division of the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States . He started off his FAA career as a field agent and Federal Air Marshal , then served as a Team Leader in the Air Marshal program . Since 1995 , he had served as a Team Leader of the FAA ' s Red Team , which conducted undercover tests on airport security through simulated terrorist attacks . He testified before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States , discussing his experience as well as FAA failures that may have contributed to the September 11th attacks .