naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Adolphus Buschbeck Adolphus ( Adolph ) Buschbeck ( March 23 , 1822 – May 28 , 1883 ) commanded the 27th Pennsylvania in the Army of the Potomac and a brigade in that army and later in the Army of the Cumberland during the American Civil War . Early life . Buschbeck was born in Koblenz , Germany . He migrated to the United States in 1849 and settled in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He taught mathematics at a Philadelphia high school . Civil War . Buschbeck volunteered for service in the Civil War , becoming lieutenant colonel of the 27th Pennsylvania Regiment in September 1861 . He was appointed colonel of the 27th Pennsylvania by October 2 , 1861 , following the resignation of the previous colonel , Max Einstein . As colonel , Buschbeck took part in the Battle of Cross Keys under the command of Maj . Gen . John C . Frémont . Buschbeck next served in 2nd Brigade , 1st Division of the I Corps of the Army of Virginia , which later became XI Corps . He became acting brigade commander at the Second Battle of Bull Run , when Julius Stahel was promoted to division command . In the Army of the Potomac , Buschbeck served under Franz Sigel and Oliver Otis Howard . At the Battle of Chancellorsville he commanded 1st Brigade , 2nd Division of the XI Corps under Adolph von Steinwehr . Buschbeck ' s brigade was on the left of the corps when the Confederate flanking attack hit the corps under the command of General Howard . His brigade was redeployed into the path of the Confederate advance ; and Buschbeck ' s stand against the Confederates , until flanked out of his position , earned him praise even from critics of the German troops present at Chancellorsville . Howard , in his report , even lauded Buschbeck ' s " praiseworthy firmness " . After Chancellorsville , Buschbeck went on leave , missing the Battle of Gettysburg . ( Charles Coster commanded the brigade in his absence . ) After returning to the army , he was transferred to the Western Theater , under the command of Maj . Gen . Joseph Hooker . Buschbeck ' s brigade was present at the Battle of Wauhatchie and the Battle of Missionary Ridge , where it was engaged on the Union left under Maj . Gen . William Tecumseh Sherman in the attack on Tunnel Hill . When XI Corps was combined with XII Corps into the XX Corps under Hooker , Buschbeck was the highest ranking German officer retained in command . He led a brigade under John W . Geary ( 2nd Brigade , 2nd Division ) in the Atlanta Campaign , in action at the Battle of Rocky Face Ridge , the Battle of Resaca , and the Battle of Dallas before being mustered out of the service . Buschbeck ' s regiment left for Philadelphia on March 25 , 1864 . Nonetheless , he is listed as brigade commander April 16 to May 22 , 1864 . Buschbeck served with distinction but never received a promotion , even by brevet , to the rank of brigadier general . Postbellum career . After leaving armed service , Buschbeck taught at the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia . He married a Miss Hornor in 1871 , and his wife and a daughter survived him . In ill health , he left for Europe where he died , in Florence , Italy in 1883 .
Foreign volunteers The armed forces of many nations have , at one time or another , used foreign volunteers who are motivated by political , ideological or other considerations to join a foreign army . These may be formed into units of a given nationality or may be formed into mixed nationality foreign units . Sometimes foreign volunteers were or are incorporated into ordinary units . The practice has a long history , dating back at least as far as the Roman Empire , which recruited non - citizens into Auxiliary units on the promise of them receiving Roman citizenship for themselves and their descendents at the end of their service Reasons for volunteering . Three main reasons for volunteering can be identified : This is a simplistic analysis and , in many cases , a volunteer will be influenced by two or more of these reasons . It follows , therefore , that a unit of foreign volunteers may contain soldiers with different , or different combinations of , motivations . Units by nationality . American . During both world wars , American volunteers served on the allied side before the USA joined the war . Irish . " See Also Irish Military Diaspora "
Friedrich Karst Friedrich Karst ( 4 September 1893 – 18 October 1975 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich Karst was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was held until October 1947 .
Horodok ( air base ) Horodok Air Base ( , ) ( also known as Gorodok Air Base , Cherlyany Air Base , and Cherlyane Air Base ) is an air base in Ukraine located 5 km southeast of Horodok . It is a fighter base with reveted areas , 26 km southwest of Lviv . During the 1970s or early 1980s it hosted a regiment of Su - 24 ( Fencer ) aircraft .
German submarine U - 153 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 153 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . The keel for this boat was laid down on 12 September 1940 at the AG Weser yard in Bremen , Germany as ' werk ' 995 . She was launched on 5 April 1941 and commissioned on 19 July under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Wilfried Reichmann . The submarine began her service life with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla ; moving on to the 2nd flotilla for operations . She conducted two patrols , sinking three ships . She was sunk by an American destroyer in July 1942 . Operational history . 1st patrol . The boat ' s first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 18 May 1942 . After a brief stop in Kristiansand in Norway , she headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands . After a long southwest , south and southeast sweep , she docked at Lorient in occupied France , on the 30th . 2nd patrol and loss . She sank the " Anglo - Canadian " on 25 June 1942 northeast of Antigua . The survivors were helped to lifeboats and received water and cigarettes . The following day , she sank the " Potlatch " , about east of the Virgin Islands . She also sank the " Ruth " on the 29th about north northeast of Barbuda . " U - 153 " was attacked by US A - 20a aircraft of the 59th Bomb Squadron , USAAF on 6 July 1942 in the eastern Caribbean . She was sunk on the 13th near Colón , not far from the entrance to the Panama Canal , by the American destroyer USS " Landsdowne " .
Battle of the Arar The Battle of the Arar was fought between the migrating tribes of the Helvetii , and three Roman legions , under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar , in 58 BC . This was the first major battle of the Gallic Wars . The Helvetii were a tribe that originated from what is modern day Switzerland , who , prior to battle with Caesar , had been migrating through Roman Gaul . At Geneva , the Romans destroyed the wooden bridge across the Rhone and constructed nineteen miles of fortifications . The Helvetii tribe tried to migrate by another route , and were crossing the river Arar ( Saône ) using rafts and boats . Caesar was informed by his scouts and proceeded to engage the Helvetii . Three parts of the Helvetii forces had crossed the river and Caesar routed the fourth part left on his side of the river , killing a great many and driving the rest into the woods . The Helvetii Caesar defeated were part of the " pagus " ( sub - tribe ) of the Tigurini , which in 107 BC had slain the Consul Lucius Cassius Longinus , as well as the legate Lucius Calpurnius Piso , the grandfather of the Lucius Calpurnius Piso who was the father - in - law of Caesar .
440th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 440th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with 86th Fighter - Interceptor Wing , stationed at Erding Air Station , West Germany . It was inactivated on 16 February 1959 . History . Activated in 1943 as a III Fighter Command P - 51 Mustang Operational , later Replacement Training Unit . Inactivated in May 1944 with the end of RTU training . Reactivated in 1953 as an F - 86D Sabre Interceptor Squadron in West Germany , assigned to the 86th Fighter - Bomber Group at Landstuhl AB . Deployed to Erding Air Base in Bavaria , operating as a forward - deployed squadron near the Czechoslovakian border until inactivated with the withdrawal of the F - 86D from West Germany in 1960 .
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk - " The Navy ' s Flying Boat Factory " - was the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service ' aeroplane producer . It was established in Horten in 1915 . It produced a total of 120 planes from 1915 to 1940 . Planes produced . The types of planes produced may be divided into the following categories . Bomber planes were not a priority as they were deemed an aggressor ' s weapon and not fit for a neutral country .
Walter Long , 2nd Viscount Long Walter Francis David Long , 2nd Viscount Long ( 14 September 1911 – 23 September 1944 ) , was a British peer and soldier . Background and education . The eldest son of Brigadier - General Walter Long ( d . 1917 ) , Long was educated at St David ' s School , Reigate , and later at Eton on the insistence of his mother , who had remarried in 1921 to Lord Glyn . Traditionally the Longs were educated at Harrow . After his father ' s death in 1917 , there was tension between his grandfather , Walter Long , 1st Viscount Long and his mother , who refused to allow her son to spend any of his school holidays with him at Rood Ashton House . Lord Long was afraid that she had not instilled any affection for Rood Ashton in his grandson , and he consequently believed he might eventually sell the estate , which had been in the family for hundreds of years . Military career . Long ' s father had been killed in action in 1917 , during World War I and so on the demise of his grandfather in 1924 , Long aged just 13 , inherited the latter ' s title . During the Second World War , Lord Long fought as a Major with the Coldstream Guards and he himself was killed in action at Uden , Netherlands in 1944 . Having no sons , he was succeeded by his uncle , Richard . Family . On 14 November 1933 , Long married Frances ( Laura ) Charteris ( sister of novelist Hugo Charteris and granddaughter of Hugo Charteris , 11th Earl of Wemyss ) . They had one daughter , the Honourable Antoinette ( Sara ) Frances Sibell Long ( born 1934 ) , who married Charles Morrison , second son of the 1st Baron Margadale . In 1933 directly after his marriage , Long and his new wife travelled to New Zealand to take up an appointment as Aide de Camp to Lord Bledisloe . Long and his wife divorced in 1942 . The former Lady Long subsequently married three more times , in 1943 to the 3rd Earl of Dudley , in 1960 to Michael Temple Canfield , and lastly in 1972 to the 10th Duke of Marlborough .
Johann Port Johann Port ( 3 February 1915 – 27 March 2006 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Charles Hays Charles Hays ( February 2 , 1834 – June 24 , 1879 ) was a U . S . Representative from Alabama . Biography . Hays was born at " Hays Mount , " in Greene County , Alabama near Boligee where he completed preparatory studies under private teachers . He attended the University of Georgia at Athens and the University of Virginia at Charlottesville . He was a cotton planter and also engaged in other agricultural pursuits before becoming a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1860 . During the Civil War he was a major in the Confederate States Army but returned to politics after the war serving first as member of the constitutional convention of Alabama in 1867 and then in the State senate in 1868 . Hays was elected as a Republican to the Forty - first and to the three succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1869 – March 3 , 1877 ) and served as chairman of the Committee on Agriculture ( Forty - third Congress ) . He died at his home , " Myrtle Hall , " in Greene County , Alabama , June 24 , 1879 and was interred in the family cemetery , " Hays Mount " plantation . Book on him is " Black Belt Scalawag , Charles Hayes and the Southern Republicans in the Era of Reconstruction " by William Warren Rodgers , Jr . - 1993
Wolfgang Wegener Wolfgang Wegener ( September 16 , 1875 in Stettin - October 29 , 1956 in Berlin - Zehlendorf ) was an officer in the German Navy , retiring in 1926 with the rank of " Vizeadmiral " ( Vice - Admiral ) . He is noted as the originator of a series of influential works , published between 1915 and 1929 , outlining the so - called Wegener Thesis . This thesis criticised the naval strategy adopted by Germany in the First World War , and proposed an alternative strategy based on threatening the sea lines of communication of the United Kingdom with both surface and sub - surface forces . The " Wegener thesis " is often regarded as a significant contribution to German naval strategy in the Second World War , although the extent to which this was actually the case is disputed . Personal life . Wolfgang Wegener was the son of Dr Eduard Wegener , ( 5 August 1837 , Luckow - 20 February 1909 , Stettin ) , a medical consultant , and Martha Zitelmann ( 13 May 1847 , Jasenitz - 13 April 1923 , Wilhelmshaven ) . He married Therese Gierke , in Berlin on 22 June 1901 ; they had three sons and a daughter . One of his sons , Edward Wegener ( 1904 – 1981 ) , also reached the rank of Vice Admiral . Career . Wegener was educated at the " König - Wilhelms - Gymnasium " ( King Wilhelm high school ) . Through the influence of his uncle by marriage , the future Grand - admiral Henning von Holtzendorff , he entered the service of the Imperial German navy in 1894 . He served on the cruiser " Deutschland " from 1897 – 1899 , reaching the rank of Leutnant zur See . He became a gunnery specialist , serving as First Gunnery Officer on the armoured cruiser " Blücher " from 1909 to 1910 . From 1912 to 1917 , he served as chief of staff to the Admiral commanding the First Battle Squadron , reaching the rank of Fregatenkapitan in 1917 . From 1917 to 1918 he commanded firstly the light cruiser " Regensburg " and then another light cruiser , " Nurnberg " . Following the Armistice , he continued to serve in the new Reichsmarine , being appointed Kapitän zur See on 21 January 1920 , and Konteradmiral in 1923 . His final appointment was as Inspector of Gunnery , based at Wilhelmshaven . He achieved the rank of Vice Admiral in 1926 . Not long after , he was forced into retirement by the " uniformity " policies ( which included stifling of different opinions in the naval ranks ) of Adm . Erich Raeder .
Battle of Mam Garvia The Battle of Mam Garvia , took place in 1187 in Northern Scotland . Domnall Meic Uilleim had resisted the King of Scots since at least 1179 , he even had a claim to the throne as a grandson of King Donnchad II of Scotland . Lochlann , Lord of Galloway led an army north where according to Roger of Hoveden they defeated the Meic Uilleim , slew Domnall and cut off his head and carried it south to present it to King William . The actual site of the battle has been quoted as being either in Ross or near Moray , lately it has been reasoned to be in Strath Garve near Dingwall .
Battle of Tin Keraten On March 6 , French and Malian forces took control of the Wadi Tin Keraten area , located 100 km east of Gao and northeast of Imenas . When Malian soldiers got near Tin Keraten , they were attacked by Islamists from Ansar Dine and AQIM . French ground troops arrived supported by Tiger helicopter s and Gazelles along with some warplanes . Four Malian soldiers were wounded during the battle and a French soldier , sergeant Wilfried Pingaud of the 68th Artillery Regiment in Africa , was mortally wounded . He was transported to Gao where he died of his wounds . The Islamists lost about ten men accourding to French reports .
John B . Maberry John B . Maberry ( December 17 , 1841 – December 17 , 1922 ) was an American Civil War Congressional Medal of Honor recipient from Smyrna , Delaware , who served in the United States Army as a sergeant in Company F of 1st Delaware Infantry . His citation was awarded for his service as a private during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3 , 1863 and reads " Capture of flag . "
Eugene L . Tattini Eugene L . Tattini ( born April 5 , 1943 ) is a retired Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force and serves as Deputy Director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Biography . Tattini was born in Madison , Wisconsin . He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign , Oklahoma City University , Cornell University , and Harvard University . Military career . Tattini joined the Air Force in 1965 . Later in his career , he was named Director of Plans of Air Force Material Command . In 1998 , he was given command of the Space and Missile Systems Center . His retirement was effective as of July 1 , 2001 . Awards he has received include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Commendation Medal , and the Humanitarian Service Medal .
38th Division ( German Empire ) The 38th Division ( " 38 . Division " ) was a unit of the Prussia n / German Army . It was formed on April 1 , 1899 , and was headquartered in Erfurt . The division was subordinated in peacetime to the XI Army Corps ( " XI . Armeekorps " ) . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Recruitment . The division was recruited primarily in Thuringia : its Prussian elements were from Prussian Saxony while its other elements were from the smaller Thuringian states . The 71st Infantry was from Prussian Saxony and the Principality of Schwarzburg - Sondershausen . The 94th Infantry was the regiment of the Grand Duchy of Saxe - Weimar - Eisenach . The 95th Infantry was from the Duchies of Saxe - Coburg - Gotha and Saxe - Meiningen . The 96th Infantry had one battalion from Prussian Saxony , one from the Reuss principalities , and one from Schwarzburg - Rudolstadt . Combat chronicle . The division began the war on the Western Front , fighting in Belgium and participating in the capture of the fortifications at Namur . It was soon transferred to the Eastern Front , where it saw action in the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes and in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive . It was transferred to the Western Front in October 1915 , and after a period of fighting along the Aisne , entered the Battle of Verdun in 1916 . It then saw action in the later phases of the Battle of the Somme . It remained along the Somme until 1917 , and then fought in the battles of Arras and Passchendaele . In 1918 , it fought in various defensive battles against Allied offensives and counteroffensives . Allied intelligence rated the division as a good division and considered it second class by 1918 . Pre - World War I organization . The organization of the 38th Division in 1914 , shortly before the outbreak of World War I , was as follows : Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 38th Division was redesignated the 38th Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization was as follows : Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a " square division " ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , the engineer contingent was increased , and a divisional signals command was created . The 38th Infantry Division ' s order of battle on April 20 , 1918 was as follows :
Fuji T - 1 The Fuji T - 1 was Japan ' s first jet - powered trainer aircraft . The first flight was in January 1958 . A total of 66 T - 1 planes were built . It was retired in March 2006 . Design and development . The T - 1 was the first indigenously designed Japanese jet aircraft to be developed since World War II . The T - 1A was powered by the British - designed Bristol Siddeley Orpheus turbojet , while the T - 1B used the Ishikawajima - Harima J3 turbojet . Variants . " Data from " : Simpson 2001 , p . 246
Borota raid The Borota raid took place in Borota , Chad , near the eastern city of Adre , on January 6 , 2006 . According to Chadian sources , the attack began when Janjaweed , Sudanese militia men , crossed the border from Sudan into Chad and attacked the cities of Borota , Ade , and Moudaina . Nine civilians were killed and three were seriously injured , according to the report . The Chadian government stated , " The Sudanese militias attacked the settlements of Borota , Ade , Moudaina . . . yesterday killing nine and injuring three among the civilian population . . . The Chadian government once again warns the Sudanese government against any hasty action because aggression by Sudanese militias will not go unpunished for much longer . " The attack has been confirmed by Human Rights Watch researchers present in the area of Borota , who have documented several attacks by Janjaweed militians since mid - December . Forty villages in the Borota area have been attacked and abandoned by civilians . In several attacks between December 16 and January 20 , sixteen villagers were killed and six were wounded , with the last attack being directly witnessed by the Human Rights Watch researchers in the village .