naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Aquacade ( satellite ) Aquacade , previously designated Rhyolite , was a class of SIGINT spy satellites operated by the National Reconnaissance Office for the United States Central Intelligence Agency . The National Security Agency ( NSA ) was also reportedly involved . The program , also known by SIGAD AFP - 720 and SIGAD AFP - 472 , respectively , is still classified . During the same period , the Canyon SIGNIT satellites were in use with an apparently somewhat different set of capabilities . The name of the program , originally " Rhyolite " , was changed to " Aquacade " in 1975 following the disclosure of the codeword " Rhyolite " in the trial of Christopher Boyce and Andrew Lee . The Rhyolite / Aquacade satellites , made by TRW , are rumored to have an umbrella - like reflecting dish 20 meters in diameter . They were succeeded by the Magnum / Orion and Mentor series of satellites . A major purpose of the Rhyolite satellites was reportedly the interception of Soviet and Chinese microwave relay signals traffic . During the 1960s - 70s , much of the long distance telephone and data traffic in both the US and Eastern Europe was carried by terrestrial microwave relay links , each consisting of a dish antenna on a microwave tower that transmitted a narrow beam of microwaves to a receiving dish in a nearby city . A good deal of the microwave beam would miss the receiving dish and , because of the curvature of the Earth , radiate out into space . By placing a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit at a position in the sky where it could intercept the beam , the US government was able to listen in on Soviet telephone calls and telex cables during the Cold War . Satellites . It is believed that at least four Rhyolite / Aquacade satellites were launched from Cape Canaveral between June 1970 and April 1978 on Atlas - Agena D launch vehicles , all of which sported distinctive elongated payload shrouds ( presumably to house the satellite ' s large parabolic antenna ) . These were among the final Atlas - Agena launches as well as the last use of LC - 13 at CCAS . The satellites had a mass of approximately 700 kg and operated in near - geosynchronous orbit s over the Middle East . Signals were relayed to a station in the Australian outback out of range of Soviet detection . From there , they would be encrypted and sent via another satellite to Fort Meade for analysis .
Lu Han Lu Han ( ) ( 1895 – 1974 ) was a KMT general of Yi ethnicity . Life . His alma mater was Yunnan military academy . He was commander of the First Group Army in the Second Sino - Japanese War . Lu Han , as a member of the Kuomintang , provided support to the Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang . Lu Han commanded Chinese forces occupying Indochina after the Japanese surrendered . In 1946 his forces occupied northern Vietnam for six months , between the Japanese surrender and the return of French colonial forces to the area . He was a cousin of Long Yun and succeeded him as governor of Yunnan from 1945 - 1949 . Lu Han defected to the Communists in 1949 .
HMAS Darwin ( FFG 04 ) HMAS " Darwin " ( FFG 04 ) , named for the capital city of the Northern Territory , is an " Adelaide " class guided - missile frigate of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . One of four ships ordered from the United States , " Darwin " entered service in 1984 . During her career , she has operated in the Persian Gulf , as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce , and off the Solomon Islands . The frigate underwent a major upgrade during 2007 and 2008 , and is actively serving as of 2013 . Design and construction . " Darwin " was the fourth " Adelaide " class vessel ( a derivative of the United States " Oliver Hazard Perry " class frigate ) to be ordered , and the last to be built in the United States of America . The ship was laid down by Todd Pacific Shipyards at Seattle , Washington on 2 July 1981 , to the " Perry " class Flight III design . The " Adelaide " s were built as part of the United States Navy ' s construction program , so were assigned USN hull number s ; " Darwin " was FFG - 44 . She was launched on 26 March 1982 , and commissioned into the RAN on 21 July 1984 . Armament . " Darwin " s main weapon is the Mark 13 missile launcher located on the foredeck : this is used to fire both Harpoon and SM - 2MR Standard missiles . A Mark 75 OTO Melara gun is located on top of the superstructure , in front of the exhaust funnel . A triple - barrelled Mark 32 torpedo tube set is fitted to each side of the superstructure . For close defence , a Mark 16 Mod 2 Phalanx CIWS sits at the aft end of the superstructure , above the frigate ' s two helicopter hangars . The hangars houses two S - 70B Seahawk helicopters . Operational history . During her career , " Darwin " has been deployed to the Persian Gulf on several occasions . " Darwin " was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian - led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 19 September to 3 November 1999 . The ship was deployed to the Solomon Islands in 2001 . " Darwin " underwent a major upgrade and refit at Garden Island during 2007 and 2008 ; returning to service prior to November 2008 . On the morning of 13 March 2009 , " Darwin " was one of seventeen warships involved in a ceremonial fleet entry and fleet review in Sydney Harbour , the largest collection of RAN ships since the Australian Bicentenary in 1988 . The frigate did not participate in the fleet entry , but was anchored in the harbour for the review . Following an overhaul of the RAN battle honour s system , " Darwin " was granted three battle honours in 2010 : " East Timor 1999 " , " Persian Gulf 2003 - 03 " , and " Iraq 2003 " . In October 2013 " Darwin " participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 .
USS Griggs ( APA - 110 ) USS " Griggs " ( APA - 110 ) was a " Windsor " - class attack transport that served with the US Navy during World War II . She was commissioned late in the war and initially assigned to transport duties ; consequently she did not take part in any combat operations . " Griggs " ( APA - 110 ) , was named after a county in North Dakota . A Type C3 ship , she was built by Ingalls Shipbuilding of Pascagoula , Mississippi ; acquired by the Navy on a loan - charter basis 13 December 1944 ; and commissioned 14 December 1944 , Captain Arthur C . Wood in command . World War II . After shakedown at Galveston , Texas , " Griggs " trained precommissioning crews out of Newport , Rhode Island , before reaching Norfolk , Virginia 31 March 1945 . There she embarked 40 officers and 1 , 416 men of the 41st Marine Depot Company and the 55th Marine Replacement Draft . Clearing Norfolk 26 May " Griggs " sailed via Canal Zone and discharged her passengers at San Francisco 1 June 1945 . She departed Port Hueneme 17 June with 1 , 032 Seabees embarked and touched at Eniwetok and Ulithi before discharging her passengers at Okinawa and Manila Bay , Philippine Islands . After hostilities . After delivering occupation troops to Japan from Lingayen Gulf and Mindanao , " Griggs " took up Operation Magic Carpet duty and departed Saipan 2 November 1945 , en route to San Diego , where she arrived 13 days later with many happy war veterans . " Griggs " made two more " Magic Carpet " voyages returning to San Francisco from her last trip 21 February 1946 . Decommission . Departing San Pedro , California , 12 March 1946 , " Griggs " sailed via Canal Zone and reached Norfolk 28 March . She remained there until decommissioned at Portsmouth Navy Yard , Portsmouth , Virginia , 27 May 1946 . Delivered to the War Shipping Administration the next day , her name was stricken from the Navy List 19 June 1946 . Commercial service . Sold to Moore - McCormack Lines 21 April 1948 , she became " Mormacrey " .
Musician ( rank ) Musician ( Mus ) is a rank equivalent to Private held by members of the Corps of Army Music of the British Army . The rank was also previously used in the United States Army . United States . The rank of Musician was a position held by military band members , particularly during the American Civil War . The rank was just below Corporal , and just above Private . In some units it was more or less equal to the rank of Private . During the American Civil War , military leaders with the Union and Confederate Armies relied on military musicians to entertain troops , position troops in battle , and stir them on to victory — some actually performing concerts in forward positions during the fighting . There were two types of historical traditions in military bands . The first was military field music . This type of music included bugles , bagpipes , or fifes and almost always drums . This type of music was used to control troops on the battlefield as well as for entertainment . One example of controlling the troops was the drum beats setting the march cadence for the troops . Following the development of instruments such as the keyed trumpet or the saxhorn family of brass instruments , a second tradition of the all brass military band was formed . During the American Civil War most Union regiments had both types of groups within the unit . Several U . S . Army Musicians were awarded the Medal of Honor during the Civil War . These recipients include :
Lawrence Roberts ( politician ) Lawrence " Larry " Roberts is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives . Roberts attended Uniontown High School , graduating in 1959 . He attended the Community College of the Air Force and Bowie State College before earning a master ' s at Central Michigan University in 1981 . Roberts was first elected to represent the 51st legislative district in 1992 . The Herald - Standard newspaper sued in 2000 to gain access to Roberts ' cellular and long - distance phone records , citing the fact that the calls were paid for with state money . The suit was dismissed , but in 2003 the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ordered the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania to reconsider whether a Herald - Standard reporter ' s civil rights were violated when Roberts showed the sought - after phone records to another reporter , but not to the original reporter . The full case was dismissed in 2006 . He retired prior to the 2006 election . Activists had targeted him because of his support for the controversial 2005 legislative pay raise Roberts accepted the optional " unvouchered expense account " money , which were used by the legislature to " skirt a [ constitutional ] prohibition on midterm raises . "
United States Army Sniper School The U . S . Army Sniper School is part of the United States Army 197th Infantry Brigade based at Fort Benning , Georgia . The first U . S . Army Sniper School was short lived , being established in 1955 , but disbanded in 1956 at Camp Perry , Ohio . The U . S . Army ' s first permanent school was established in 1987 at Fort Benning , Georgia . Purpose . The school trains soldiers in marksmanship , sniper equipment and tactics , collection of battlefield intelligence , stalking and other sniper - related skills . The primary mission of the sniper is to deliver long range , precision fire . Their secondary mission is the collecting and reporting of battlefield information . Soldiers are taught how to blend in with the surrounding environment by wearing a ghillie suit . They must go through a course where they come within 300 meters of spotters in a small tower and take a shot at a target without being noticed . Students are trained on the M24 Sniper Weapon System , M107 rifle , and the M110 Semi - Automatic Sniper System . The U . S . Army issued three XM2010 s to snipers at the United States Army Sniper School 18 January 2011 . The school is five weeks long and is open to Active Duty , Reserves , and National Guard . Students must be in MOS series of 11 ( Infantry ) , 18 ( Special Forces ) , or 19D ( Cav Scout ) . The United States Army National Guard established a second Sniper School in 1993 at Camp Robinson , Arkansas . The curriculum for this Course mirrors the Course taught at Fort Benning , Georgia .
HMS Satellite ( 1806 ) HMS " Satellite " was a 16 - gun brig - sloop of the " Seagull " class built at the Hills shipyard , Sandwich , Kent , and launched in 1806 . She foundered in December 1810 with the loss of all aboard . Career . Commander Harry Hopkins commissioned " Satellite " in March 1806 , for the Downs . Commander Charles Payne replaced Hopkins in December . Still , on 7 October 1807 , " Satellite " was under Hopkins ' s command when she recaptured the ship " Brothers " . The next day , or possibly earlier on 21 August , " Satellite " captured the " Christianhaab " . On 15 November " Satellite " sailed for the Leeward Islands . In 1808 Commander James Rushworth assumed command . He sailed " Satellite " for Jamaica on 15 December 1808 . However , in September she may have been under the command of Commander Robert Evans . Command Henry Montressor assumed command in April 1809 . His replacement , in 1810 , was Commander Willoughby Bertie . Fate . " Satellite " , under the command of Commander Willoughby Bertie , sailed from Spithead on Monday 17 December 1810 to join other ships that were cruising off La Hogue . On the Wednesday evening she was in company with HMS " Vautour " , but foundered during the night ; in the morning " Vautour " picked up her empty boats and some spars that had been on deck , but no other trace of her was found .
Prince Augustus William of Prussia Augustus William of Prussia ( German : " August Wilhelm " ; 9 August 1722 – 12 June 1758 ) was Prince of Prussia and a brother of Frederick II . He was the second son of Frederick William I and Sophia Dorothea . He was a younger brother of Friederike Sophie , Frederick II and Louisa Ulrika . Augustus was a general in the Silesian Wars . He married Luise of Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel . Because his older brother had no children , Augustus ' s oldest son inherited the throne as Frederick William II of Prussia . The prince was the owner of the future Crown Prince ' s Palace in Berlin . Augustus died suddenly in 1758 at Oranienburg , according to some of " a broken heart , " in reference to his brother Frederick II ' s harsh treatment of him for his incompetent military leadership in the Battle of Kolin during the Seven Years ' War . In reality he died from a brain tumor .
Rehe Province Rehe ( ; ) , also known as Jehol , is a defunct Chinese Special administrative district and later province . Administration . Rehe was located north of the Great Wall , west of Manchuria , and east of Mongolia . The capital of Rehe was the city of Chengde . The second largest city in the province was Chaoyang , followed by Chifeng . The province covered an area of 114 , 000 square kilometers . History . Once the seat of the Khitan - led Liao Dynasty , Rehe was conquered by the Manchu in the 17th century and was reserved as imperial pastureland with settlement forbidden to Han Chinese in the early part of the Qing dynasty . Over time , many Han Chinese settled in Rehe anyway . In the early Republic of China , the area was organized as the Rehe Special Area ( 熱河特別區 ) in 1914 . It was declared the Province of Jehol of the Republic of China in 1923 . Jehol was seized by the Imperial Japanese Army to form a buffer zone between China proper and Japanese - controlled Manchukuo in Operation Nekka beginning on January 21 , 1933 . It was subsequently annexed to the Empire of Manchukuo , forming the " anto " ( province ) of Rehe . The seizure of Jehol was one of the most important of many incidents in the 1930s that poisoned relations between Japan and China , leading to the Second Sino - Japanese War . After the annexation of Manchukuo by the Republic of China after the end of World War II , the Kuomintang continued to recognize the area as a separate province , reverting its name to Jehol Province , with the capital in Hailar . However , under the administration of the People ' s Republic of China , in 1955 , the area was divided between Hebei province , Liaoning Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . References . Hedin , Sven ( 1933 ) . " Jehol : City of Emperors " . Reprint ( 2000 ) : Pilgrim ' s Book House , Varanasi . ISBN 81 - 7769 - 009 - 4 .
Udal Mahoba Udal ( full name Udai Singh ) was a Rajput general in the army of Chandel King Maharaj Parimard Dev Burman ( also known as Parmal or Parimal ) of Mahoba in 12th - 13th century AD . He was younger brother of Alha . Parmal raised Udal as his own son , since he was born after the death of his father Dassraj , who - a general himself - was killed in the service of Parmal . Udal was generally seen on a horse whereas Alha , on an elephant . Both are among the greatest warriors of Mahoba of all times . Out of total 52 battles fought by these Banaphar rajputs , Udal alone had won 22 battles . Alha and Udal chowk is presently situated in Mahoba city . A grand statue of Udal has also been established there . It is believed that both these brothers had built so many structures and temples in Mahoba district . Last battle against Delhi . Prithviraj Chauhan declared war on Mahoba . During the battle the Mahoban army was split into three different sections . One was led by the Prince of Mahoba , while the other two were led by the brothers Alha and Udal . Chauhan defeated the sections under Udal and the Prince of Mahoba - Brahma . Udal had injured Pundir , a friend and general of Chauhan , in combat . Udal moved forward and injured Chauhan so badly that he could hardly move . Chauda Rai , in an attempt to save his friend Prithviraj , killed Udal in the last . Alha , commander of the third section , had seen Chauhan falling injured . As soon as he moved forward to kill Prithviraj Chauhan , his guru Gorakhnath came in the way . The guru forbade him not to take revenge of his brother ' s death but to think for the welfare of the entire rajput state . Alha left Chauhan unkilled and went to the Himalayan mountains .
SS Wollongbar ( 1922 ) Wollongbar was a 2 , 239 ton passenger steamship built by the Lithgows , Port Glasgow in 1922 for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company , as a replacement for which was wrecked in 1921 . Fate . She was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I - 180 off Crescent Head , New South Wales while in a convoy on 29 April 1943 . Thirty two lives were lost and five crew were picked up .
415th Bombardment Group The 415th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Second Air Force , being stationed at Dalhart Army Air Field , Texas . It was inactivated on 5 April 1944 . Activated during World War II initially as a Third Air Force training and demonstration unit as part of the Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics . Equipped with A - 20 ' s , A - 24 ' s , A - 26 ' s , B - 25 ' s , and P - 39 ' s . Reassigned to Second Air Force in early 1944 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress replacement training unit . Inactivated in early 1944 when the need for B - 17 aircrews diminished .
Gusztáv Jány Colonel General " Vitéz " Gusztáv Jány ( born October 21 , 1883 in Rajka , Kingdom of Hungary ; died November 26 , 1947 in Budapest , Hungary ) was a Hungarian officer during World War II who commanded the Hungarian Second Army at the Battle of Stalingrad . After the war , he was found guilty of war crimes and executed by firing squad . He was posthumously exonerated in 1993 .
Breendonk Breendonk is a small town in Belgium , population 3 , 000 , halfway between Brussels and Antwerp . Its name stems from the medieval " Bredene Dunc " which translates as " wide mound " or " a dry spot in the marshes . " In the 19th century it was known for its beautiful Neo - Gothic church and the lavish mansion of the Earl de Buisseret . Both were destroyed by the Belgian army at the start of World War I because they obstructed the gunner ' s view from the local fortifications . From the 20th century on it was best known for its fortification at Fort Breendonk , built in 1909 . It was judged that Antwerp , being continental Europe ' s second most important port , needed two circles of fortifications for its defence . Breendonk ' s fortification was part of the outer defensive ring . These fortifications were built on the same site previously occupied by Roman fortifications , this site having been selected because it was the only source of clean water in what until the 18th century was swampland . The modern fortifications fell to the Germans after only a seven day siege . During World War II the fort was briefly used as the General Headquarters of King Leopold III , leading the Belgian armed forces . After his surrender to the Germans it was transformed into a concentration camp by the Nazis ( primarily as a transit camp for transport to Auschwitz ) . It gained a grim reputation as a place of torture and interrogation of a wide variety of prisoners . Amongst those to be incarcerated ( about 3500 in total , 1733 didn ' t survive the war ) there were the linguist Herman Liebaers , fencer Jacques Ochs , Communist Party of Belgium politician Bert Van Hoorick and anti - Nazi fascist Paul Hoornaert . About 300 persons were killed in the camp , at least 98 people died from deprivation or torture . The fort is now home to the " Breendonk Fort National Memorial " which provides a historical record of the Nazi terror in Belgium . This museum is referenced for its historical significance in a W . G . Sebald novel titled Austerlitz . Breendonk is now most famous for its brewery where the Belgian blond beer " Duvel " ( meaning " Devil " in the local South Brabantian dialect of Dutch ) , is brewed . The brewery reputedly uses the same spring once used by the Romans and the World War I fortifications , but this needs confirmation . The village of Breendonk was merged in 1977 into the commune of Puurs , while the fort and surrounding area east of the A12 road ( leading from Antwerp to Brussels ) became part of the commune of Willebroek .
HMS Stork ( 1796 ) HMS " Stork " was an 16 - gun ship sloop of the " Cormorant " class in the Royal Navy , ordered in November 1794 to a joint design by Sir John Henslow and William Rule , launched in 1796 at Deptford Dockyard . Career . She was commissioned in December 1796 under Commander Richard Pearson . Under various commanding officers , she served during the rest of the French Revolutionary War and subsequently throughout the Napoleonic War , being paid off at Sheerness from service in September 1815 and sold for breaking up eight months later .
Battle of Cervera ( 1811 ) In the Battle of Cervera ( 4 to 14 October 1811 ) a Spanish force led by Luis Roberto de Lacy attacked a series of Imperial French garrisons belonging to the VII Corps of Marshal Jacques MacDonald . The actions were highly successful and netted nearly 1 , 000 enemy prisoners . The clashes occurred during the Peninsular War , part of the Napoleonic Wars . The largest garrison was located at Cervera which is located about east of Lleida , Spain . Background . After the Army of Catalonia was nearly destroyed in the sieges of Tarragona and Figueras during July and August 1811 , Lacy replaced Luis González Torres de Navarra , Marquess of Campoverde as Captain General . Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet struck another blow against the Catalans when his troops seized the miquelet base in the Battle of Montserrat on 25 July 1811 . The unpopular but vigorous Lacy quickly reorganized the 8 , 000 - man remnant of his army into three small divisions under Generals Baron de Eroles , Pedro Sarsfield , and Francisco Milans del Bosch . With the Royal Navy ' s assistance , Lacy seized the Medes Islands at the mouth of the Ter River on 12 September . Battle . On 4 October 1811 , Lacy ' s forces captured 200 Imperial troops at Igualada on the highway between Barcelona and Lleida . Continuing west , the Spanish column seized a French convoy near Cervera on the 7th . Lacy overwhelmed the garrison of Cervera on 11 October , bagging another 645 prisoners . Finally , on the 14th the Spaniards took 150 more captives at Bellpuig . After these defeats , the French evacuated the monastery of Santa Maria de Montserrat on Montserrat Mountain .