naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Marie von Brühl Marie Sophie Gräfin von Brühl ( Countess Marie Sophie von Brühl ; 3 June 1779 - 28 January 1836 ) was a member of the noble German von Brühl family originating in Thuringia . She was born in Warsaw . On 17 December 1810 she married Carl von Clausewitz , whom she first met in 1803 . She published several of his books in the years 1832 - 34 after his death in 1831 , including his most famous one , " On War " . Additionally , von Brühl wrote a preface to " On War " . Family . Her paternal grandfather was Heinrich von Brühl , a German statesman .
Air Headquarters East Africa Air Headquarters East Africa ( or AHQ East Africa ) was a command of the British Royal Air Force ( RAF ) formed on October 19 , 1940 by expanding Air H . Q . RAF Nairobi . On December 15 , 1941 , the command was reduced to Group status as No . 207 ( General Purpose ) Group . On November 16 , 1942 , Air H . Q . East Africa was reformed by raising No . 207 Group back to Command status again . Air H . Q . East Africa < BR > " Commanders & Squadron Assignments ( 1941 – 1945 ) " Notes : < BR > A / Cdre = Air Commodore ; AVM = Air Vice Marshal ; Det . = Detachment Following the major reorganization of the Allied air forces in the North African and Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) at the Casablanca Conference in January 1943 , Air H . Q . East Africa became a sub - command of the RAF Middle East Command , itself a sub - command of the Mediterranean Air Command . Postwar , Air H . Q . East Africa was disbanded on September 15 , 1951 , reformed on February 1 , 1961 , and disbanded on December 11 , 1964 .
SAN Jodel D . 140 Mousquetaire The SAN Jodel D . 140 Mousquetaire ( en : Musketeer ) is a French five - seat light touring monoplane based on the earlier Jodel D . 117 and built by Société Aeronautique Normande ( SAN ) at Bernay . Development . SAN had been producing the earlier Jodel D . 117 under licence from which it then developed the larger 4 to 5 - seat D . 140 . The prototype D . 140 registration " F - BIZE " first flew on 4 July 1958 . Early versions had a low triangular - shaped fin and rudder . The final version was a glider tug variant the D . 140R Abeille . Both the D . 140E and D . 140R were ordered by the French Air Force . As well as 243 factory - built aircraft more than 20 have been homebuilt from plans . Plans remain available in 2012 .
Fokker D . XVI The Fokker D . XVI was a fighter aircraft developed in the Netherlands in the late 1920s . It was a conventional , single - bay sesquiplane with staggered wings braced with V - struts . It featured an open cockpit and fixed , tailskid undercarriage . The wings were of wood with plywood covering , and the fuselage was of steel tube construction with fabric covering . The Royal Netherlands Army ordered 14 aircraft , which differed from the prototype in having divided main undercarriage units in place of the prototype ' s cross - axle , and Hungary purchased four aircraft with Gnome et Rhône - built Bristol Jupiter engines in place of the Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar engines used on the Dutch machines . Evaluation aircraft were also provided to China and Italy , and the Netherlands East Indies Army . This last machine was powered by a Curtiss V - 1570 , which crashed in March 1931 on Schiphol . Instead of the D . XVI , Fokker manufactured the Fokker D . XVII with the same type engine . The D . XVI also won a competition organised by the government of Romania to select a new fighter , but despite this , no orders were placed . One plane of the Dutch Army was given to Romania .
Chaika ( boat ) A chaika ( , , Шајкe / Šajke ) was a wooden boat with a mast and sail , a type of galley , used in early modern warfare by the : Types . Austrian . Tschaika were either 24 ( Ganz Tschaika ) or 12 metres ( Halb Tschaika ) in length , operated by sail or oars . Between 30 to 50 men were in service , commanded by an officer , with an NCO helmsman , an armourer , a drummer , two bowsmen , and up to 36 oarsmen . Ukrainian . Chaikas were between 18 to 20 metres in length , 3 to 3 . 5 metres in width , and 3 . 5 to 4 metres in depth . The bottom of a chaika was carved out of a single tree trunk , with sides built out of wooden planks . To protect the boat from enemy guns or from sinking , reed bales were tied to the gunwale s of the boat . Chaikas also had two helms , so that the boat never needed turning around in order to switch direction . One such boat could carry around 50 to 60 men and up to 6 falconets ( small cannon ) . A similar , but larger boat used by the Zaporozhian Cossacks for both transport and warfare was called a baidak .
Siege of Inverness ( 1562 ) The siege of Inverness Castle took place in 1562 . When Mary , Queen of Scots visited Inverness on 9 September 1562 the gates of the castle were shut in her face by Alexander Gordon upon the orders of George Gordon , 4th Earl of Huntly , who was chief of Clan Gordon and Sheriff of the county . The castle was subsequently besieged by supporters of the Queen . The siege lasted for three days and when the castle fell , Alexander Gordon was hanged for treason . His head was displayed on the castle . Some key members of the garrison , which consisted of only 12 or 14 " able persons " were imprisoned , the others allowed to go free . The Queen slept at Inverness Castle on the nights of 11 , 12 , 13 and 14 September 1562 , then moved on to Spynie Palace . Alexander Mackenzie ' s later account of the siege includes the clans Mackenzie , Ross , Fraser and Munro contributing to Queen Mary ' s rescue but only the Frasers and Munros are mentioned in the earliest account written by George Buchanan . Buchanan ' s account was originally written in Latin but was published in English by James Aikman in 1827 , it reads : Upon hearing of the danger of their princess , a great number of the ancient Scots , partly by persuasion , and partly of their own accord , flocked around her , particularly the Frasers and Monros , the bravest of these tribes . When the queen found herself sufficiently strong , she laid siege to the castle , which having neither a sufficient garrison , not being properly fortified for sustaining an attack , surrendered , when the commanders were executed , and the men dismissed . The English diplomat Thomas Randolph recorded a remark made by Queen Mary at Inverness , who was in high spirits and undismayed in the conflict . When the night watch returned in the morning she regretted that she was " not a man to know what life it was to lie all night in the fields , or to walk upon the causeway with a jack and knapschall , a Glasgow buckler and a broad sword . "
Château de Chevron The Château de Chevron is a redesigned and remodelled castle in the " commune " of Mercury in the Savoie " département " of France . It was owned by the powerful Chevron Villette family . History . Pope Nicholas II was born there between 990 and 995 . For two years during the Second World War , the Dunand - Bénéteau family , owners of the château , hid a Jewish family of ten there . All survived . In 1996 , the owners of the castle were given the title Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem and the state of Israel in recognition of their courage . Architecture . The castle was built in the 14th century and remodelled in the 17th century . It has been listed since 17 May 1982 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
USS Seagull ( AM - 30 ) USS " Seagull " ( AM - 30 ) was an acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Seagull " was laid down on 15 June 1918 by the Gas Engine and Power Co . , Morris Heights , New York ; launched on 24 December 1918 ; sponsored by Mrs . C . G . Amory ; and commissioned on 7 March 1919 as Minesweeper No . 30 , with Lt . ( jg . ) F . Jurgenson in command . World War I mine barrage clearance . Following shakedown , " Seagull " proceeded to Boston , Massachusetts , whence she sailed for Scotland and duty with the North Sea Mine Detachment . Departing on 28 June , she arrived at Kirkwall on 10 July to join other units already engaged in clearing the waters between Scotland and Norway of the mine barrage planted during World War I . On 30 September , during the seventh and final sweeping operation , " Seagull " was damaged by the explosion of an upper level mine . On the completion of repairs , she departed England with others of the force ; and , after stops at Brest and the Azores , set out to recross the $ 3 . En route , storms slowed her progress , and the small amount of fuel she had received at Brest ran out . Extra fuel carried by eased the situation and enabled the force to arrive back in the United States in early November . On the 19th , the ships gathered at Tompkinsville , New York , where , on the 25th , the North Sea Mine Force was dissolved . Post - World War I Pacific operations . " Seagull " , assigned to the Pacific Fleet , proceeded first to Charleston , South Carolina , for repairs ; then - with the new year , 1920 — continued on to San Diego , California , arriving on 30 January . Designated " AM - 30 " seven months later , she operated as a unit of the 3rd Division , 4th Mine Squadron until June 1922 when she was ordered to serve as a submarine tender at Pearl Harbor . There , with only occasional interruptions for inter - island towing and passenger runs , fleet problems , and overhauls during the 1920s and 1930s and to assist in salvage operations at Pearl Harbor after 7 December 1941 , she provided services - torpedo recovery , target towing , and escort - until after the close of World War II . Decommissioning . Redesignated twice during the war , to Ocean Tug AT - 141 on 1 June 1942 and to ATO - 141 on 15 May 1944 , " Seagull " departed Pearl Harbor for the last time in October 1945 and arrived at Mare Island , California , on the 12th to await inactivation . Assigned to SubRon 3 during the interim , she was decommissioned on 5 September 1946 ; struck from the Navy list on 15 October 1946 ; and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal on 2 May 1947 .
USS Biddle ( DD - 151 ) USS " Biddle " ( DD – 151 ) was a " Wickes " class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II , later reclassified AG - 114 . She was the second ship named for Captain Nicholas Biddle . " Biddle " was launched 3 October 1918 by William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , sponsored by Miss Elise B . Robinson , a great - great - grandniece of Captain Biddle ; and commissioned 22 April 1919 , Commander C . T . Blackburn in command . Service history . Following her commissioning , " Biddle " made a cruise to the Mediterranean and returned to New York 1 July 1920 . After assignment to Division 48 , Atlantic Fleet , she cruised along the east coast until decommissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard 20 June 1922 . She remained laid up until recommissioned 16 October 1939 . Until November 1940 she served on patrol duty with Destroyer Division 66 , Atlantic Squadron , and on training duty with Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps . She patrolled in the Caribbean under orders of the Commandant , 15th Naval District ( November 1940 - May 1941 ) and then rejoined Destroyer Division 66 patrolling out of Key West , Florida . " Biddle " spent March 1942 - February 1945 on convoy duty in the Caribbean except for two short periods . She formed part of anti - submarine TG 2 . ( 18 January 1944 – 27 February 1944 ) and escorted a convoy to North Africa ( 24 March 1944 – 11 May 1944 ) . During the latter mission , 11 – 12 April , while fighting off an air attack , she had seven men wounded by a strafing attack by a German plane . " Biddle " operated off the east coast , March – July 1945 , on training exercises with motor torpedo boats . She was reclassified a miscellaneous auxiliary ( AG - 114 ) 30 June 1945 , and arrived at Boston Navy Yard 15 July for conversion . Her conversion was completed just as the war with Japan ended and she remained at Boston until decommissioned 5 October 1945 . She was sold 3 December 1946 . Awards . " Biddle " received one battle star for her service with Convoy UGS - 37 .
Alfred Bartłomiej Peszke Alfred Bartłomiej Peszke ( born 14 December 1899 , died 3 March 1966 in Croydon ) was a Polish Air Force officer , infantry veteran of the Polish - Soviet War ( 1919 - 1921 ) and Air Force veteran of the September 1939 Campaign . Military service . During September 1939 , Peszke was commander of the Polish 6th Bomber Squadron , part of Bomber Brigade . Evacuated to France and Britain , he continued serving with the Polish Air Force as a Polish liaison officer with Britain ' s Royal Air Force and in 1944 had become chief of air force planning at the Staff of the Polish Commander in Chief in London . In December 1946 , he was discharged with the rank of lieutenant colonel . Family . His son , Michael Alfred Peszke , is an American psychiatrist and Polish military historian .
Fort Edgecomb Fort Edgecomb , built in 1808 - 1809 , is a two - story octagon al wooden blockhouse and restored fortifications located on Davis Island in the town of Edgecomb , Lincoln County , Maine , United States . It is also known as Fort Edgecomb State Historic Site . On October 1 , 1969 , it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and on December 22 , 1991 , its boundaries were increased to create an historic district . History . The fort was built as part of the U . S . second system of fortifications , guarding the then - important port of Wiscasset , not only for its defense , but also to prevent ships from breaking the embargo . Thomas Jefferson ' s Embargo was not popular with American merchants , and it is said that the only time Fort Edgecomb ' s cannon were fired was in salute at James Madison ' s inauguration ( or , less tactfully , to celebrate his lifting of the Embargo ) . During the War of 1812 , this post saw considerable activity holding British prisoners of war , many of them brought to Wiscasset harbor by American privateersmen . In 1814 , Fort Edgecomb became an important base in defending against a possible British attack on mid - coast Maine . It remained manned until 1818 , and was reactivated during the Civil War . The Friends of Fort Edgecomb celebrated the bicentennial of the Fort June 13 , 2009 , on the grounds of the fort . References . Smith , Joshua M . " Blockhouse & Battery : A History of Fort Edgecomb " ( Edgecomb , ME : Friends of Fort Edgecomb , 2009 ) Smith , Joshua M . " Borderland Smuggling " ( University Press of Florida , 2006 ) Smith , Joshua M . " Maine ' s Embargo Forts , " " Maine History " , Vol . 44 , No . 2 ( April 2009 ) , 143 - 154 .
USS Para ( 1861 ) USS " Para " ( 1861 ) was a schooner acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Purchased in New York City in 1862 . " Para " — a wooden schooner — was purchased from James Bishop & Co . , New York City on 9 September 1861 and commissioned on 4 February 1862 , Acting Master Edward J . Furber in command . Civil War . Assigned to the Gulf Squadron Blockade . Assigned first to the Gulf Squadron , " Para " participated in the bombardment of Fort Jackson and Fort St . Philip from 18 – 24 April 1862 . Later transferred to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron , she operated along the coasts of Florida , Georgia and South Carolina for the remainder of the war . Operations with the South Atlantic Blockade . On 19 June 1863 , she captured blockade running schooner " Emma " off Mosquito Inlet , South Carolina . Off Florida on 18 July , she sent men ashore in boats to participate in the attack on New Smyrna , Florida . The Union force captured a sloop loaded with cotton and an unladen schooner , burnt several other vessels , and destroyed all buildings which had been occupied by troops . Covering troop movements up the St . Mary ' s River . Continuing operations off the southeastern seaboard , she escorted troops up the St . Mary ' s River to Woodstock , Florida , to obtain lumber , engaged Confederate forces along the river banks to cover the transports as they took on the lumber , captured steamer " Hard Times " , then covered the retirement of the transports from 16 – 23 February 1864 . Post - war decommissioning and sale . " Para " decommissioned at Boston , Massachusetts on 5 August 1865 and was sold at auction to J . C . Osgood on 8 September .
Operation Manacle Operation Manacle was the name given to a series of British Commando raids during the Second World War . The raids were conducted by Layforce II and " ad hoc " formation formed by three troop s from No . 4 Commando Their objectives were to take out German strong - points and to conduct reconnaissance , on the coastline of France . They were unofficially known as the " Menday Force " named after the commander of Layforce II . No . 4 Commando participated in Manacle 5 at Qnival and Manacle 8 at Quend Plage operating from Dover . The Manacle , and associated Hardtack raids , were finally abandoned on orders from Combined Operations Headquarters because they encouraged the Germans to reinforce their positions which , in the longer term , could be disadvantageous to the Allies .
Claude Louis , Comte de Saint - Germain Claude Louis , Comte de Saint - Germain ( 1707 – 1778 ) , French general , was born on the 15th of April 1707 , at the Château of Vertamboz . Educated at Jesuit schools , he intended to enter the priesthood , but at the last minute obtained from Louis XV an appointment as sub - lieutenant . He left France , according to the gossip of the time , because of a duel ; served under the Elector Palatine ; fought for Hungary against the Turks , and on the outbreak of the war of the Austrian Succession ( 1740 ) joined the army of the elector of Bavaria ( who later became emperor under the name of Charles VII ) , displaying such bravery that he was promoted to the grade of lieutenant field - marshal . He left Bavaria on the death of Charles VII , and after brief service under Frederick the Great joined Marshal Saxe in the Netherlands and was created a field - marshal of the French army . He distinguished himself especially at Lauffeld , Rocoux and Maastricht . On the outbreak of the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 ) he was appointed lieutenant - general , and although he showed greater ability than any of his fellow - commanders and was admired by his soldiers , he fell a victim to court intrigues , professional jealousy and hostile criticism . He resigned his commission in 1760 and accepted an appointment as field - marshal from Frederick V of Denmark , being charged in 1762 with the reorganization of the Danish army . On the death of Frederick in 1766 he returned to France , bought a small estate in Alsace near Lauterbach , and devoted his time to religion and farming . A financial crisis swept away the funds that he had saved from his Danish service and rendered him dependent on the bounty of the French ministry of war . Saint - Germain was presented at court by the reformers Turgot and Malesherbes , and was appointed minister of war by Louis XVI on 25 October 1775 . He sought to lessen the number of officers and to establish order and regularity in the service . His efforts to introduce Prussia n discipline in the French army brought on such opposition that he resigned in September 1777 . He accepted quarters from the king and a pension of 40 , 000 livres , and died in his apartment at the Arsenal of Paris on 15 January 1778 .
French frigate Carthaginoise Sante Elisabeth was a 32 - gun frigate of the Navy of the Knights of St John of Malta , later brought into French service as the Carthaginoise . Built in 1782 in La Valette , " Sante Elisabeth " was launched the year after and served with the Maltese Navy until the island was taken by the French during the Mediterranean campaign of 1798 , on 11 June . Readied to sail to Alexandria , she found herself blockaded by the British Siege of Malta , and stay in harbour until captured when the island surrendered .
Ta Din Dang campaign “ Ta Din Dang campaign ” was a short conflict , occurring in 1786 in Ta Din Dang , in Kanchanaburi Province , the largest of the western provinces ( " changwat " ) of Thailand . The belligerents were Bodawpaya of the Burmese Konbaung Dynasty , against Phraphutthayotfa Chulalok and Maha Sura Singhanat of the Rattanakosin Kingdom . As his armies were destroyed , Bodawpaya retreated , only to renew attacks next year . Bodawpaya , this time , did not divide his troops but instead formed into single army . Bodawpaya passed through the Chedi Sam Ong and settled in Ta Din Dang . The Front Palace marched the Siamese forces to face Bodawpaya . The fighting was very short and Bodawpaya was quickly defeated .
RPS Rajah Soliman ( D - 66 ) RPS " Rajah Soliman " ( D - 66 ) was a destroyer escort / frigate that served with the Philippine Navy between 1960 and 1964 . A , it was originally named during its previous service with the United States Navy . It was the first destroyer escort to be operated by the Philippine Navy , and is the only member of its class ever operated by the service . " Rajah Soliman " was also the flagship of the Philippine Navy during its time in commission , which ended with the sinking of the vessel in 1964 . Acquisition and service . The ex - was transferred to the Philippine Navy on 31 October 1960 , as a loan under the terms of the Military Assistance Program ; on 21 April 1961 , the ship was sold outright to the Philippines . " Rajah Soliman " served as the Philippine Navy ' s flagship during its entire time service . In June 1964 , the ship entered a refit period at the Bataan National Shipyard , located in Mariveles , Bataan , for repairs to its engines . Sinking , raising , and disposal . On 29 June 1964 , Typhoon Winnie , also known as Typhoon Dading , hit the Bataan Peninsula ; the storm surge associated with the cyclone struck the " Rajah Soliman " , which was at the time docked at the shipyard ' s pier . The storm battered the ship ' s superstructure and starboard side against the pier , causing " Rajah Soliman " to capsize and sink at the dock . The effects of the storm also caused the wreck to fill with mud , sand and other debris . After the storm , an attempt to salvage the ship was made by the Philippine Navy ; the attempt failed as a result of the necessary equipment not being available . The United States Navy agreed to salvage the ship as a training exercise , and between December 1964 and January 1965 , two U . S . Navy salvage ships , and , used the parbuckle salvage technique to raise " Rajah Soliman " ' s wreck from the harbor floor . After the vessel had been successfully raised , it was towed to the Ship Repair Facility at Subic Naval Base , located nearby . A survey of the raised " Rajah Soliman " found that the ship had been damaged beyond economical repair . Designated for disposal , the hulk was sold for scrapping on 31 January 1966 to Mitsubishi International Corp .
73rd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 73rd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of Union Army in the American Civil War . The regiment was organized in New York City in May 1861 as a Zouave regiment , known for its unusual dress and drill style . The uniform worn by this regiment consisted of the New York state jacket , sky blue trousers with a red stripe down the seam , tan gaiters , and a red Zouave fez with a blue tassel . Drawn from the ranks of the city ' s many volunteer fire companies , the unit was known alternately as the Second Fire Zouaves , after the 11th New York was known as the First Fire Zouaves . The unit served in the Excelsior Brigade in several battles , including Antietam , Chancellorsville , Gettysburg , and Appomattox Courthouse .