naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Amoy The Battle of Amoy was fought between British and Chinese forces in Amoy , China , on 26 August 1841 , during the First Opium War . The British captured the forts in Amoy and Gulangyu Island . Battle . The Qing forces had prepared defenses along the shore of Amoy and built batteries on Gulangyu Island . The British began the battle by bombarding the island ' s batteries for two to four hours ( sources vary ) , with little effect . The land forces were then landed and took the batteries with little resistance from the Chinese forces . The day was noted as being very hot and fatiguing to the men . The Qing forces withdrew and the city was taken the next day . A garrison force of 550 men , mostly from the 18th and 3 ships – the " Druid " , " Pylades " , and the " Algerine " – was left on Gulangyu to defend Amoy . Rosa Luxemburg provides a brief account of the battle in her magnum opus " The Accumulation of Capital " . Commander John Elliot Bingham ( late first lieutenant of HMS Modeste ) has provided a detailed first hand account of the battle from a British perspective . British order of battle . Ships : Wellesley , 74 ; Blenheim , 74 ; Blonde , 4 : 4 Druid , 44 ; Modeste , 18 ; Cruiser , 18 ; Pylades , 18 ; Columhine , 16 Bintinch , 10 ; Algerine , 10 ; Sesostris , 4 ; Phlegethon , 4 ; Nemesis , 4 Queen , 4
William Napier ( admiral ) Admiral William Rawdon Napier ( 13 June 1877 – 8 April 1951 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be First Naval Member & Chief of the Australian Naval Staff . Naval service . Napier joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1887 . He served in World War I and was mentioned in dispatches for his service in Gallipoli and then awarded the DSO for minesweeping operations . He was appointed First Naval Member & Chief of the Australian Naval Staff in 1926 ; he retired in 1929 and was promoted to full admiral in 1933 . He died at his home in Fareham in Hampshire in 1951 .
William Staveley Lieutenant - General William Staveley CB ( 29 July 1784 – 4 April 1854 ) was Commander and Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong . Military career . Staveley was born in York , the son of William Staveley and Henrietta Henderson . He entered the British Army in 1798 as an ensign . Staveley fought in several conflicts in the Peninsular War ( Battle of Talavera , Battle of Fuentes de Onoro , Battle of Vittoria , Battle of the Pyrenees , Battle of Toulouse , Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo and Battle of Badajoz and many other minor actions ) . He went to Mauritius in 1821 and served in various roles ( deputy quartermaster - general and commandant of Port Louis ) before becoming Commander and Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong in 1847 . After leaving Hong Kong in 1851 , he was given command of the Bombay Army . In 1853 , he was made as Colonel of the 94th Regiment of Foot and appointed commander - in - chief of the Madras Army ( with local rank of lieutenant - general ) . He died in the Nilgiri Hills , and was buried at Ootacamund . Staveley Street in Central in Hong Kong is named after him . Family . He married Sarah Mather in 1817 . Their children include Major - General Sir Charles William Dunbar Staveley and Harriet Frances Staveley .
Sir Cuthbert Headlam , 1st Baronet Sir Cuthbert Morley Headlam , 1st Baronet , DSO , OBE , TD , DL ( 27 April 1876 – 27 February 1964 ) was a British Conservative politician . Born in Barton upon Irwell , Lancashire , Headlam was educated at King ' s School , Canterbury , and at Magdalen College , Oxford . He was a Clerk in the House of Lords 1897 – 1924 and became a barrister , Inner Temple in 1906 . He served with the Bedfordshire Yeomanry from 1910 – 1926 , was mentioned in despatches in World War I and awarded the DSO and OBE , retiring as Lieutenant - Colonel . Headlam was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Barnard Castle at the 1924 general election . After the loss of his seat in 1929 , he stood in the Gateshead by - election in June 1931 , coming a close second in what had been a safe seat for Labour . He regained the Barnard Castle seat at the general election in October 1931 , but was defeated again at the 1935 general election . He was returned to the House of Commons for a third time at a by - election in June 1940 as MP for Newcastle upon Tyne North , after standing as an " Independent Conservative " and beating the official Conservative Party candidate . He held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1951 general election . He served in government as Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty from 1926 – 1929 ; as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions from 1931 – 1932 ; and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport from 1932 - 1934 . Headlam was a Durham County Council or from 1931 – 1939 , and Justice of the Peace for the County of Durham . He was Chairman of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations in 1941 . He was created a baronet in 1935 and appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1945 . He died in Bath , Somerset aged 87 .
PHL03 300mm Multiple Launch Rocket System The PHL03 ( Type 03 , also known as AR2 in its export name ) is the 12 - tube 300mm multiple launch rocket system ( MLRS ) developed by NORINCO . The PHL03 highly resembles the Russian 9K58 Smerch rocket system in appearance . China Academy of Launch Vehicle ( CALT ) introduced the A - 100 10 - tube 300mm MLRS in the late 1990s , which may also be based on the Smerch technology . The PHL03 is believed to have entered the PLA service in 2004 / 05 and is likely to be promoted to the export market . The PHL03 launch vehicle is based on a 8X8 wheeled chassis , with twelve launch tubes mounted on it . The tubes are arranged as two blocks of four with a single row of four above . The launcher has a crew of four and is capable of single or salvo firing . A transloader based on the same wheeled chassis carries an additional 12 rockets . The transloader provides for mechanised loading of the launch vehicle , by means of a hydraulic crane mounted on the vehicle . The PHL03 fires 300mm rocket powered by a solid propellant ( possibly HTTB ) rocket motor . Its maximum firing range was said to be 150 km . No detailed information on the types of warheads is available but they are expected to include HE - FRAG ( High Explosive Fragmentation ) anti - armour / personnel submunitions similar to that of the Smerch .
John H . Griffith John H . Griffith was a test pilot for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics , one of the pilots of the Bell X - 1 . Griffith grew up in Homewood , Illinois . He joined the United States Army Air Corps in November 1941 , and served in the South Pacific during World War II . He flew 189 missions in the Curtiss P - 40 fighter and was awarded two Distinguished Flying Cross es and four Air Medal s . Following the war , he attended Purdue University , studying aeronautical engineering . He then joined the NACA ' s Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory . At Lewis he was involved in tests of ramjet aircraft . In August , 1949 , Griffith became a research pilot at the Muroc Flight Test Unit ( now Dryden Flight Research Center ) . He flew the experimental aircraft the Bell X - 1 ( nine flights ) , X - 4 Bantam ( three flights ) , Douglas Skystreak ( fifteen flights ) , and Douglas Skyrocket ( nine flights ) . On May 26 , 1950 , He piloted the X - 1 # 2 to its highest speed of Mach 1 . 20 . He was the first NACA pilot to fly the X - 4 . Griffith left the NACA in 1950 to fly for private companies — Chance Vought , United Airlines , and for Westinghouse . At Vought , in 1951 , he was the Senior Experimental Pilot on the F7U Cutlass . At Westinghouse , he became the Chief Engineering Test Pilot . He later worked for the Federal Aviation Administration , assisting in the development of a never - completed supersonic transport plane . He subsequently returned to United Airlines as a flight instructor , until retiring to Penn Valley , California . Griffith is one of the 2006 inductees into the Lancaster , California Aerospace Walk of Honor John H . Griffith died October 21 , 2011 , at the Sierra Nevada Memorial Hospital , Grass Valley , California , from pneumonia and a dissected aorta . He was 90 years old .
Svobodny Cosmodrome Svobodny ( ) was a Russia n rocket launch site located at 51 degrees north in the Amur Oblast . The cosmodrome was originally constructed as a launch site for intercontinental ballistic missiles called " Svobodny - 18 " . It was initially selected as a replacement for Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , which became independent as Kazakhstan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . However the development of Svobodny was later ended in favour of a totally new space port , the Vostochny Cosmodrome . The breakup of the Soviet Union left their primary cosmodrome at Baikonur in a foreign country , Kazakhistan . An arrangement to rent the facilities was arranged , but the price is very high . Launches were moved to other facilities , like Plesetsk Cosmodrome , but this location is too far north to be useful for many launches . Studies for a far - east location closer to the latitude of Baikonur started , and initially settled on the existing missile base at Svobodny . This was located near the railway station of Ledianaja , and had been used for several decades by the 27th rocket division of Strategic Rocket Forces . In the summer of 1994 President Yeltsin visited the town of Blagoveshensk and the modification of the launch pads in the site began shortly after . On March 1 , 1996 the Russian President issued a decree formally declaring the site as a Cosmodrome . Launches from Svobodny began in 1997 , primarily the " Start - 1 " type , converted ICBMs . The facilities can also host rockets of the Rockot ( SS - 19 based ) class . Only five launches have taken place at the underused Svobodny site , the best known being the Israeli Eros B Satellite on April 25 , 2006 aboard a Start class rocket . In 2005 , after the lease renewal of the Baikonur Cosmodrome , the Russian Space Agency decided it did not require a second space launch complex , and in February 2007 President Vladimir Putin ordered Svobodny closed . In February 2007 , a presidential decree formalized the closure of the launch facility in Svobodny . According to the Russian press , in the previous three years , government investments in Svobodny reached 350 million rubles .
Hercharn Singh Captain Hercharn Singh ( / ) ( born 1986 ) is the first Sikh officer to be commissioned in the Pakistan Army . He was born in Nankana Sahib , Pakistan , which is also the birthplace of Guru Nanak , the founder of Sikhism . Early life . Hercharn passed his matriculation from Government Guru Nanak High School and passed his FSc ( pre - engineering ) in 2004 from Forman Christian College , Lahore . He then passed Inter Services Selection Board ( ISSB ) examination in 2006 after failing once and joined the Pakistan Military Academy ( PMA ) at Kakul , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province . Graduation . Hercharn passed out from PMA and was commissioned into the Pakistan Army on 27 October 2007 . Hercharn had told reporters :
Sukhoi Su - 15 ( 1949 ) The Sukhoi Su - 15 ( Aircraft P ) was a prototype Soviet all - weather interceptor which never reached production . The name was later reused for an entirely different 1960s interceptor , see Sukhoi Su - 15 . Development . The Su - 15 was an early attempt at an all - weather jet - powered interceptor . Its development was ordered by the Soviet government in March 1947 , with the approval of the Sukhoi Design Bureau ’ s preliminary midwing design featuring a pressurized cabin , radar , swept wings and tandem engines , similar to that already attempted by the Lavochkin L - 200 and Mikoyan - Gurevich I - 320 . Per TsAGI , the sweep of the wings was selected to be 35 degrees . The first prototype was completed on 25 October 1948 — only four months after production had started . The Su - 15 first flew on 11 January 1949 piloted by Sukhoi test pilot G . M . Shiyanov . In testing , Su - 15 reached 1032 km / h ( 557 knots , 641 mph ; Mach 0 . 888 ) at and 985 km / h ( 532 knots , 612 mph ; Mach 0 . 926 ) at , but experienced excess vibration at speeds in excess of Mach 0 . 87 . During 39th flight on 3 June 1949 , the aircraft developed severe vibration , forcing the test pilot S . N . Anokhin to eject . The exact cause of the accident was never determined . At the time of the accident , 90 % of the flight test program had been completed , over the course of 42 flights with a total flight time of 20 hours , 15 minutes . The program was subsequently terminated , and the second prototype was not completed . The Su - 15 was an all - metal mid - wing monoplane with a 35° swept wing . The aircraft had several very unusual design features . Its twin Klimov RD - 45 engines were positioned in tandem rather than side - by - side , due to their large diameter . The front engine sat low with exhaust under the middle of the fuselage . The rear engine nozzle was at the tip of the aft fuselage . The cockpit had to be offset to the left to make room for the air intake ducting for the rear engine . The wing had two spars with two wing fences ranging the entire chord , with hydraulically operated ailerons and Fowler flap s . The air intake was at the bow and was centrally divided by a central web . At the rear , two - start rockets were mounted and also two air brakes .
SM UC - 21 SM " UC - 21 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 26 August 1915 and was launched on 1 April 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 12 September 1916 as SM " UC - 21 " . In 11 patrols " UC - 21 " was credited with sinking 100 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 21 " disappeared after departing Zeebrugge for the Bay of Biscay on 13 September 1917 . In July 2013 , archaeologists found the remains of 44 submarines , including UC - 21 , off the United Kingdom ’ s southern and east coasts , near the county of Suffolk . The find was made up mostly of vessels from the German Imperial Navy dating to World War I . Der Spiegel reported divers located 41 German U - boats , and three of English submarines , found at depths of up to 50 feet , off England ’ s southern and eastern coasts .
El Assa Airfield El Assa Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield located in the vicinity of Al ` Assah in the Baladiyat al Jumayl region of Libya . It is about 140 km west of Tripoli near the Tunisian border . It was used by the Ninth Air Force of the United States Army Air Force ' s 83d Bombardment Squadron ( 12th Bombardment Group ) during the Eastern Desert Campaign by the British Eighth Army between 3 March and 4 April 1943 . The 83d flew B - 25 Mitchell medium bombers from the airfield . The airfield most likely was constructed from compacted sand with tents being used as support facilities . Today it is probably overlaid by the town of Al ` Assah .
USS Lily ( 1862 ) USS " Lily " ( 1862 ) was a tugboat acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . " Lily " , a steam tugboat , was built as " Jessie Benton " , and purchased by the War Department 5 May 1862 . Used by the Quartermaster Corps on the western rivers , she was known as " Jessie " until transferred to the Navy 30 September 1862 , Acting Ens . R . H . Smith in command , and renamed " Lily " 19 October . Assigned to the Mississippi Squadron . Assigned to Rear Adm . David Dixon Porter ’ s Mississippi Squadron , she served on the river , including duty during the Vicksburg campaign . Sunk during collision with an ironclad . " Lily " was sunk near Chickasaw Bayou in the Yazoo River in collision with ironclad ram 28 May 1863 .
24 cm Mörser M 98 The 24 cm Mörser M 98 was a heavy siege howitzer used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . It was designed to attack modern fortifications , but its short range and ineffective ammunition lead to the development of the more deservedly famous 30 . 5 cm Mörser M 11 and M 16 . History . Based on a Krupp 1888 – 1890 design , Skoda developed a new heavy mortar on a middle pivot mounting for testing in 1896 . However the authorities realsed that advancing technology required a newer design , this used a barrel in a cradle mounted on a hydraulic recoil system . While introduced in November 1900 , it wasn ' t quite ready and went through a number of minor improvements . One major problem was weak recoil springs that would allow the barrel to slip out of its cradle while elevated . Leather and horsehair stoppers could be wedged in the cradle as a short - term fix . But the permanent fix had to wait until the M 98 / 7 version that extended the jacket surrounding the barrel to the muzzle and redesigned the cradle was produced after 1907 . It was notable as the first weapon with a modern recoil system to see service with the Austro - Hungarian artillery as well as the first design to require motor traction . It was broken down into four loads for this purpose . Its carriage was mounted on a static firing platform that was jacked up and down onto its prepared bedding . It could only be loaded at 0° elevation . BL 9 . 45 inch Howitzer in United Kingdom service . The UK bought 4 guns held in stock by Skoda in Pilsen in February 1900 and designated the gun Ordnance BL 9 . 45 inch Howitzer Mk I . The purchase action by Sir Henry Brackenbury served two purposes , to thwart a German agent acting on behalf of the Boers and to provide a capability for use against the forts around Pretoria . They were sent to South Africa for use in the Second Boer War against the Pretoria forts but were not needed , reportedly they fired one round at Boers attacking a picquet outside Pretoria . They were later sent to China during the Boxer Rebellion but were also not used in action there . In UK use they fired a common pointed shell up to 7 , 650 yards , using 5 lb 8¼ oz cordite MDT propellant . They were returned to UK from China and each of the two siege companies each fired 100 rounds from them but they had not been regarded seriously . However , they were issued to the new third siege company and used for annual practice where numerous defects became clear . Minor modifications were made but the critical defect , no elevation below 42 degrees , giving a high trajectory , made accurate fire impossible with the methods of the time . In addition , replacing the ballistite cartidges with cordite reduced the maximum range by 1000 yards .
SM UC - 114 SM " UC - 114 " was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat built for the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was launched on 11 August 1918 and completed on 1 February 1919 . Because " UC - 114 " was finished after the end of fighting , she was never commissioned into the German Imperial Navy ; had she been so commissioned , she would have been named SM " UC - 114 " . " UC - 114 " was awarded to the United Kingdom as a war reparation and broken up in 1921 .
Harcus Strachan Harcus Strachan VC MC ( ; 7 November 1884 – 1 May 1982 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Strachan was born in Bo ' ness , Scotland and attended the Royal High School , Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh before emigrating to Canada . He joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in July 1915 . World War I . Strachan was 33 years of age , and serving in the First World War with the Canadian Cavalry Brigade as a lieutenant in The Fort Garry Horse , when he performed the action for which he was awarded the VC . It has become traditional for the Garrys to hold a parade every year on the anniversary of Strachan ' s unlikely cavalry exploit . During the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917 at Masnières , France , Lieutenant Strachan took command of a mounted squadron of Garrys when the squadron leader , approaching the German front line at a gallop , was killed . Lieutenant Strachan led the squadron through the enemy line of machine - gun posts and then , with the surviving men , led the charge on the German battery , killing seven of the gunners with his sword . When all the gunners were killed and the battery silenced , he rallied his men and fought his way back at night on foot through the enemy ' s lines , bringing all unwounded men safely in , together with 15 prisoners . Strachan , having been promoted to captain , received his VC from King George V on January 6 , 1918 . Later life . After the war , he farmed in Edmonton before going into banking . Strachan later commanded the 1st Battalion , Edmonton Fusiliers during the Second World War . After the war he retired and moved to Vancouver . Strachan eventually attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . Strachan ' s ashes were scattered near the Rose Garden Columbarium at Boal Chapel Memorial Gardens in North Vancouver , BC on 5 May 1982 .
Pierre Ruffey Pierre Xavier Emmanuel Ruffey ( 19 March 1851 – 14 December 1928 ) was a French Army general who commanded the Third Army during the opening of World War I . Biography . He was educated at Saint - Cyr , graduating 1873 , and after that was posted to Madagascar . Following that he was a professor at the Ecole de Guerre . He was promoted to colonel in 1901 , rising to divisional commander four years later and appointed to the French Supreme Council of War in 1913 . Ruffey was given command of the Third Army at the outbreak of World War I and charged with defeating the line from Montmedy to Rocroi . His army came under heavy German pressure in mid - August and forward , suffering a defeat at the Battle of the Ardennes , a part of the Battle of the Frontiers . His army was forced to retreat to Verdun after heavy fighting ; he was dismissed from command by French Commander - in - Chief Joseph Joffre and replaced by Maurice Sarrail . He held no other active commands during the war and died 1928 .