naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Capture of Belgrade ( 1739 ) Capture of Belgrade refers to the recapture of Belgrade ( capital of modern Serbia ) by the Ottoman Empire in 1739 . Background . According to the Treaty of Pruth signed in 1711 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire , the Russians had stipulated to stop interfering in the affairs of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . But in the War of the Polish Succession , Habsburg Austria and the Russian Empire were allies . The Ottomans saw this alliance as a violation of the treaty and engaged in a war against Russia . Being an ally of Russia , the Austrians also declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1737 . But the Austrian army was defeated in two major battles , the Battle of Banja Luka and the Battle of Grocka , and had to fall back on Belgrade . The siege . the Ottoman Empire had first captured Belgrade in 1521 ( the first campaign of Suleyman I , the Magnificent ) but lost it to Austria in 1717 ( under Eugene of Savoy ) . The Ottomans had since then been searching for an opportunity to regain the city . After the battle of Grocka the grand vizier İvaz Mehmet Pasha laid siege to Belgrade ( July 1739 ) . In August , Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha ( former grand vizier ) from the western front joined him . After the siege of 51 days Count Wallis , the commander of Austrians , ordered the burning of the Danubean fleet under his command and sued for peace . Peace talks . During the peace talks in Belgrade , Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg represented Austria and Mektupçu Ragıp ( future grand vizier Koca Ragıp ) ) was among the Ottoman representatives . Changing the borders caused no big problem : Austria agreed to cede territories to the Ottoman side . But the major issue was the future of Belgrade . The earliest offer of Austrians was to keep Belgrade in return for the territories ceded to Ottoman side , which the Ottoman representatives refused . The second offer of the Austrian side was to cede Belgrade on the condition that the fortifications were to be demolished . İvaz Mehmet Pasha also refused this offer . Negotiations broke down . But , Louis Sauveur Villeneuve , the French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire proposed a compromise in which only the former Ottoman fortification would be kept . Both sides agreed on the proposal and the treaty was signed on 18 September 1739 . Aftermath . Except for a brief occupation during the Austro - Turkish War ( 1787 – 1791 ) the Austrians were never able to capture Belgrade . The Ottomans kept the city up to the Serbian Uprising . In 1815 Belgrade was a city of semi - independent Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty . By the Treaty of Berlin ( 1878 ) Serbia gained full independence .
Admiral BENELUX ( ABNL ) The Admiral BENELUX ( ABNL ) is the Commanding Officer of the combined military staff of the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Naval Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . The position of ABNL was created together with the combination of the Staffs of the two contributing navies on March 28 , 1995 in the BENESAM Accord . The ABNL is responsible for the combined operations of the Dutch and Belgian navies and can be tasked with the responsibility for the operational readiness and deployment of the combined fleets in joint operations , both in war - and peacetime operations . Most of all the ABNL is responsible for the efficient use of joint material and personnel and oversees the joint training programs of the two navies . Organizational structure . The Admiral BENELUX ( ABNL ) is the commanding officer of the joint staffs who , together , form the " Directorate of Operations ( DOPS ) " . The ABNL is assisted by the " Deputy ABNL ( DABNL ) " . Under the terms of the BENESAM Accord , the ABNL position is held by the Commander of the Royal Netherlands Navy . The DABNL position is held by the Commander of the Belgian Naval Component . The DOPS is headquartered with the Royal Netherlands Navy in Den Helder . The main body of the ABNL command is the DOPS , although there is also a " Directorate of Operational Support ( DOST ) " . The two together have operational control of the operational units of the two fleets . DOPS is divided into three branches : command , operational and support . History of the ABNL command . The combined staff ( sometimes referred to as the Benelux Admiralty ) is a result of developing naval cooperation between the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Belgian Navy . This cooperation was first geared at mutual battlefield cooperation and later at mutual defense in the Cold War , but later came to focus more and more on efficient use of equipment and personnel ( also driven by cutbacks in military spending after the collapse of the Soviet Union ) . The ABNL was created in a series of treaties known as the Belgium - Netherlands Cooperation Accord ( BENESAM , for " Belgisch - Nederlandse Samenwerking " ) , starting in 1948 : The BENESAM Accord is currently undergoing revision , with an eye towards even closer cooperation between the two fleets .
Henry A . Edmundson Henry Alonzo Edmundson ( June 14 , 1814 – December 16 , 1890 ) was a nineteenth - century congressman and lawyer from Virginia . Early life . Born in Blacksburg , Virginia , Edmundson attended private schools as a child and went on to graduate from Georgetown University . He later studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1838 , commencing practice in Salem , Virginia . Politics . In 1848 , he was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives and served until 1861 . He was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings from 1853 to 1855 . On May 12 , 1854 , during a House session on the Kansas - Nebraska Act , Edmundson was arrested by the Sergeant - at - Arms . This occurred after Ohio representative Lewis D . Campbell was animating an increasingly bitter and violent House nearly thirty - six hours into the session . Edmundson reportedly attempted to attack Campbell , but was restrained by other members and arrested . The House adjourned after the incident . He accompanied Preston Brooks when he brutally attacked Charles Sumner on the floor of the United States Senate on May 22 , 1856 . A resolution to censure Edmundson was introduced for his involvement in the incident along with Brooks and Laurence M . Keitt , another accomplice , however , unlike for Brooks and Keitt , it was voted down . Military service . At the outbreak of the Civil War , Edmundson resigned from Congress and joined the newly formed Confederate States Army . He was elected a lieutenant colonel in the 54th Virginia Infantry where he served as until 1862 when he was assigned to the command of the 25th Virginia Cavalry . Later life . At the close of the war , Edmundson returned to practicing law and subsequently in 1880 turned to agricultural pursuits . He died at his home called " Falling Waters " in Shawsville , Virginia , on December 16 , 1890 , and is interred at Fotheringay Cemetery in Shawsville . External links . Retrieved on 2008 - 02 - 13 .
Edward Bancroft Williston Edward Bancroft Williston ( July 15 , 1837 – April 24 , 1920 ) was a brigadier general in the United States Army . He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the American Civil War . Biography . Williston was born in Norwich , Vermont , and graduated from Norwich University in 1856 . Earlier that year , he was one of the first initiated members of Theta Chi fraternity at the school . On August 5 , 1861 , Williston was commissioned in the 2nd United States Artillery as a second lieutenant in San Francisco , California . Later that year , on September 27 , he was promoted to first lieutenant . On June 12 , 1864 , Williston received the Medal of Honor for his actions at Trevilian Station , Virginia as part of D Battery , 2nd United States Artillery , as part of the famed U . S . Horse Artillery Brigade . The medal citation is for his " distinguished gallantry in action at Trevillian Station , Virginia , June 2 , 1864 . " Effective March 8 , 1865 , Williston promoted to captain . He was brevetted captain on May 3 , 1863 , for " gallant and meritorious services in action at Salem Heights , Virginia " and brevetted Major for the same at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3 , 1863 . He was brevetted Lieutenant Colonel on September 19 , 1864 in the Battle of Winchester and brevetted Colonel on March 13 , 1865 . However it was not until March 22 , 1885 , before Williston was permanently promoted to major in the 3rd U . S . Artillery , reaching lieutenant colonel ten years later on February 12 , 1895 . He reached full colonel in the 6th U . S . Artillery on March 8 , 1898 . During the Spanish - American War , Williston was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on March 4 , 1898 , however was only promoted to full brigadier general in the Regular Army on April 23 , 1904 due to an Act of Congress . He had retired four years earlier on July 15 , 1900 , having been honorably discharged from the volunteers the previous year , on June 12 , 1899 . Married to Flora E . Chatfield Williston ( September 26 , 1861 - December 24 , 1944 ) , Williston retired to Portland , Oregon , and died there on April 24 , 1920 . He was buried in Section 1 , Grave 422 of Arlington National Cemetery , with his wife being buried next to him twenty four years later . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : First Lieutenant , 2d U . S . Artillery . Place and date : At Trevilian Station , Va . , June 12 , 1864 . Entered service at : San Francisco , Calif . Birth : Norwich , Vt . Date of issue : April 6 , 1892 . Citation : Distinguished gallantry .
Cointet - element The Cointet - element , also known as a Belgian Gate or C - element , was a heavy steel fence of about three metres wide and two metres high , typically mounted on concrete rollers , heavily used as a mobile anti - tank obstacle during World War II . An individual fence element weighted about 1 , 280 kg but was movable e . g . with two horses through the use of two fixed and one rotating roller . Its invention is attributed to a French colonel , Léon - Edmond de Cointet de Fillain ( 1870 - 1948 , later to become general ) , who came up with the idea in 1933 during the run - up to WWII , as to be used in the Maginot Line . Besides its use as barricade to the entrance to forts , bridges and roads , the heavy fences are most - known for their use in the Belgian Iron Wall of the KW - line and the re - use as beach obstacles on the Atlantikwall . The Cointet - element formed the main barricade element of the Belgian KW - line , a tank barricade that was built between September 1939 and May 1940 . Following some tests , the Belgian army accepted the Cointet - elements in 1936 after slightly altering the design by the addition of eight vertical beams in the front frame to avoid penetration by infantry . On 13 February 1939 and 24 July 1939 the first tenders were asked for ten groups of each 500 Cointets . Eventually , a total volume of 77 , 000 pieces was ordered by the Belgian Ministry of Defence and produced by 28 Belgian companies . About 73 , 600 pieces were delivered . Thousands of Cointets were installed on the KW - line between the village Koningshooikt and city Wavre to act as the main line of defence against a possible German armoured invasion through the heartland of Belgium , forming one long iron wall . The Cointet - elements were placed next to each other in a zigzag - line and connected with steel cables . Near main roads they were fixed to heavy concrete pillars that were fixed into the ground to allow local traffic passage . In May 1940 however , due to a relocation programme , the elements didn ' t form a continuous line and thus were easily by - passed by 3rd Panzer Division and 4th Panzer Division . After the German victory in Belgium on 28 May 1940 , the Belgian Gates were reallocated across Europe to serve as German barricade elements on roads , bridges and beaches . The Germans gave it the name " C - element " . Large numbers of gates were brought to Normandy during the construction of the Atlantikwall to be used along the other wide variety of beach obstacles . Instead of connecting them , the Germans used them singly next to other items , especially at the low tide line . They were also put on the dikes next to bunkers . Notes from 1944 cite the placement of 23 , 408 Cointets over 4340 km of coastline . With many more still present in Belgium after D - Day , the Allies would have great difficulty passing them in the later years of the war . The gate illustrated has been rigged with explosive " sausages " for demolition using a technique described in the article on UDT .
Sir Robert Pigot , 2nd Baronet Sir Robert Pigot , 2nd Baronet ( 20 September 1720 – 1 August 1796 ) was a British Army officer during the American Revolutionary War . Life . Robert Pigot was born in London , England in 1720 . His two brothers were George Pigot , 1st Baron Pigot , Governor of Madras , India and Admiral Hugh Pigot , Commander - in - Chief of the West Indies fleet . In 1758 Pigot was Major in the 10th Regiment of Foot . In 1764 he was Lieutenant Colonel . From 1769 to 1775 he was the commander of the 38th Regiment of Foot . He also served as a Member of Parliament for Wallingford from 1768 to 1772 . He was appointed Warden of the Mint from August , 1771 until his death . On 17 June 1775 he commanded the left flank of the British assault in the Battle of Bunker Hill . On 9 July he was Colonel in the 55th Regiment of Foot . He was promoted to the permanent grade of Colonel for his bravery in the battle of Bunker Hill . He was made a Major General in 1777 . Pigot was placed in command in Rhode Island and made a Lieutenant General in 1782 . In the Battle of Rhode Island he fought with 3 , 000 men against 5 , 000 men under General John Sullivan . He inherited the baronetcy of his older brother Lord George Pigot ( it had been created with special remainder ) and the Patshull Hall estate in 1777 . He was also left , with his brother Hugh and his sister Margaret ( Fisher ) , the Pigot Diamond which was sold by Act of Parliament in a lottery . On 8 February he resigned and died 1 August 1796 in Stafford , England .
Thomas Brassey , 2nd Earl Brassey Thomas Allnutt Brassey , 2nd Earl Brassey TD , DL , JP , MInstNA , AMICE ( 7 March 1863 – 12 November 1919 ) , styled Viscount Hythe between 1911 and 1918 , was a British peer , who was for many years editor or joint editor of " Brassey ' s Naval Annual " . Brassey was the only son of Thomas Brassey , 1st Earl Brassey , by his first wife Anna , daughter of John Allnutt . He was educated at Eton and Balliol College , Oxford . Brassey was an honorary Lieutenant in the London Brigade of Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers from 1888 to 1892 . He acted as Assistant Private Secretary to Earl Spencer during the time the latter was First Lord of the Admiralty ( 1892 – 95 ) , and in 1894 was Assistant Secretary of the Royal Commission on Opium that his father chaired . He fought in the Second Boer War as Captain of 69 ( Sussex ) Company of the Imperial Yeomanry , and was acting Civil Commissioner for the British government at Pretoria following its surrender by the Boers in 1901 . He later joined the Queen ' s Own West Kent Yeomanry , becoming Lieutenant - Colonel in command in 1910 , retiring in May 1914 . He was awarded the TD in 1909 . After the outbreak of the First World War he raised a second battalion to this regiment for home service , which he commanded until 1916 , remaining on the Territorial Force Reserve . He was also attached to the Royal Engineers Transport Staff and his service entitled him to two campaign medals , but the location of the qualifying service is not given . He was editor of " The Naval Annual " from 1892 – 1899 and then either alone or jointly with J Leyland editor from 1902 to 1914 , and finally in 1919 . He stood unsuccessfully for election to Parliament as Liberal candidate for Epsom in 1892 , and for Christchurch in 1895 and 1900 . In the latter year ' s General Election he fought against Kenneth Robert Balfour and after a close and disputed result the two men gave their names to adjoining roads in the constituency . He made a further unsuccessful attempt to stand for election at Devonport in 1902 . He was Mayor of Bexhill - on - Sea in 1909 and served as a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Sussex . He was active in promoting a renewed Imperial Federation League . Brassey was managing director of lead mining and smelting companies in mainland Italy and Sardinia . He was Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem and Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy . Lord Brassey married Lady Idina Mary Nevill , daughter of William Nevill , 1st Marquess of Abergavenny , on 28 February 1889 . They had no children . He succeeded to his father ' s title in 1918 , enabling him to sit in the House of Lords . He died childless in November the following year , aged 56 after being hit by a taxi , when the titles became extinct . He was buried in Catsfield , Sussex . The Countess Brassey died in February 1951 , aged 85 .
Giant Viper The Giant Viper is a trailer - mounted , vehicle - pulled , mine clearance system , designed to be deployed in areas containing land mine s . It was developed for the British Army in the 1950s . It was designed to be towed behind a Centurion gun tank , FV4003 , AVRE ( Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers ) ; and also the FV432 Armoured personnel carrier . The Giant Viper uses rocket s to launch a 250 - metre - long hose , packed with plastic explosive , across a minefield . The Giant Viper hoses were filled , in the 1970s , at the Royal Ordnance Factory , ROF Chorley . Once fallen the charge is detonated , clearing a six - metre - wide path through anti - personnel or anti - tank mine s over a distance of around 200 metres , by sympathetic detonation . This system has been superseded by the Python , employing the same clearance methodology , but using more modern components . It improves accuracy of delivery , deployment speed , and the size of the cleared path , which is now 230 metres long and 7 meters wide . Python was designed to be towed behind an AVRE .
2nd New York Regiment The 2nd New York Regiment was authorized on May 25 , 1775 , and formed at Albany from June 28 to August 4 for service with the Continental Army under the command of Colonel Goose Van Schaick . The enlistments of the first establishment ended on December 31 , 1775 . The second establishment of the regiment was authorized on January 19 , 1776 . The regiment would see action in the Invasion of Canada , Battle of Valcour Island , Battle of Saratoga , Battle of Monmouth , the Sullivan Expedition and the Battle of Yorktown . The regiment would be furloughed , June 2 , 1783 , at Newburgh , New York and disbanded November 15 , 1783 .
PS Weeroona ( 1910 ) The paddle steamer PS " Weeroona " was built by A . & J . Inglis , Pointhouse , Glasgow , Scotland and launched in 1910 . It was initially owned by Huddart Parker Ltd , Melbourne . The ship was requisitioned for wartime service and used by the United States Army as a barracks and quarters ship through the war . Excursion service . " Weeroona " was one of several Port Phillip Bay excursion steamers operating out of Melbourne for day trips , excursions and picnicking to destinations such as Portarlington , Queenscliff and Sorrento . The excursion vessel was equipped as a luxury excursion ship capable of carrying 1 , 900 passengers . During the 1925 visit of the American fleet the ship was involved in an incident described as " A gratuitous insult to the Prime Minister " when the ship ' s firemen went on strike with the Commonwealth Ministers and a thousand guests , including foreign consuls and military officers , aboard in protest of comments made by the Prime Minister and demanding he depart the ship when he was not aboard . The firemen demanded a bond of £100 that he was not aboard , a demand rejected , and the trip was cancelled . By 1932 the newer " Weeroona " was the only one of the line remaining in service due to increased land transport with " Weeroona " being purchased for war service 17 March 1942 . An article of 1 November 1943 noting the steamer might not resume excursion service after the war mentions the company , Bay Steamers , was in liquidation and that the ship operated thirty - three years without a collision , that four of her captains had retired and died and that she had made 2 , 774 voyages , traveled and carried 3 , 030 , 508 passengers in that service . U . S . Army World War II service . " Weeroona " became part of the United States Army permanent local fleet under the Southwest Pacific Area command ' s supply organization , United States Army Services of Supply , Southwest Pacific Area ( USASOS SWPA ) , and was used extensively serving as a quarters ship for American maritime personnel . As part of the Small Ships Section the vessel was given the local fleet number S - 195 and perhaps also as CSQ - 1 . " Weeroona " was used as a quarters ship by Australian personnel under contract to the U . S . Army ' s Small Ships Section in Sydney and New Guinea . The ship was also used by U . S . Army Signal Corps personnel , some of whom were setting up small ships as communications ships , as barracks and dubbed CSQ for communications ship quarters . " Weeroona " was towed from New Guinea to the Philippines to support Allied forces there at Leyte Gulf and eventually serving as a barracks and convalescent ship in Manila until towed back to Sydney where she lingered in the harbor until broken up in 1951 .
Francis Murphy ( evangelist ) Francis Murphy ( 1836 – 1907 ) was an American temperance evangelist , born in County Wexford , Ireland . He served in the Federal army during the Civil War . Beginning in 1870 at Portsmouth , N . H . , he started temperance reform clubs throughout that state and was their first president . His headquarters were in Pittsburgh , Pa . , and after his first address there in 1876 , 65 , 000 people signed the pledge he wrote : " With malice toward none , with charity for all , I hereby pledge my sacred honor that , God helping me , I will abstain from the use of all intoxicating liquors as a beverage , and that I will encourage others to abstain . " Source : The New York Times , July 1 , 1907 , page 7 . This is where he adopted the blue ribbon badge , inspired by a line from The Bible . He labored also in Britain and was a chaplain in the Spanish - American War . In 1900 , he went to Honolulu and held a series of meetings . From there he went to Australia , where he obtained a great many more signatures . In 1901 he returned to California to tour there and then established himself in Los Angeles , where he lived the rest of his life . During the course of his temperance labors in America and abroad , Murphy is said to have induced 16 million to sign the pledge . Source : The New York Times , July 1 , 1907 , page 7 . References . Talks by Francis Murphy , Lenore H . King ( c ) 1907 Southern California Blue Book Publishing Company Harper ' s Encyclopædia of United States History from 458 A . D . to 1902 ( c ) 1901 Harper Bros . Grappling with the Monster : The Curse and the Cure of Strong Drink by T . S . Arthur ( c ) 2006 Dodo Press < http : / / www . picturehistory . com / product / id / 19714 \ > [ Picture History ] < http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = srr _ rtOEx5YC & pg = RA1 - PA218 & lpg = RA1 - PA218 & dq = % 22blue + ribbon + badge % 22 & source = web & ots = UNC9LDd9Mz & sig = 9qj76baHQtjpapF _ ekYqev0nmuY > < http : / / query . nytimes . com / gst / abstract . html ? res = 9D0DE1D6163EE033A25752C0A9619C946697D6CF > The New York Times