naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dùn Èistean Dùn Èistean is a multi - period archaeological site on an inter - tidal sea stack on the north east coast of the Isle of Lewis , near the village of Knockaird ( Cnoc Àrd , Nis ) in the area of Nis in the Western Isles of Scotland . It is accorded the status of traditional stronghold of Clan Morrison - once a highly powerful family within the Lordship of the Isles - in local oral tradition . The ruins of two large buildings and groups of inter - connecting cellular structures can be seen amongst the grassy tussocks on the top of the island , as well as an artificial pond and a low turf wall enclosing the site . The most prominent feature of the site is a large circular mound of rubble situated on the highest point of the stack , on the north east side of the site . The topographical survey of the site shows these buildings . The island would have provided all that was needed for occupation , having its own fresh water supply in the form of the artificial pond , and numerous buildings serving an array of purposes , from storage to sleeping quarters . Historically and archaeologically the Western Isles in the medieval period differed from mainland Scotland . The Western Isles were culturally Scandinavian and politically part of Norway during the period c AD 800 to c AD 1300 . There are a variety of physically similar sites to Dùn Èistean around the coast of Lewis and the southern Western Isles , many of which have been occupied or used at the same time . There is also evidence from these sites of activity in the Iron Age or earlier prehistoric periods , and it is highly likely similar early evidence is awaiting discovery at Dùn Èistean below the later Dun and turf buildings . With the demise of the Norse political control of the Western Isles in the 13th century , powerful clans emerged . The local traditions and stories relating to Dùn Èistean , and the Clans of Morrison , Macleod and Macaulay in particular , emerge from this volatile and often violent period in Lewis ’ history . Almost all structures and finds from the island date to within the period between the 16th and the 18th centuries - a significant fact given that the forfeiture of the Lordship of the Isles occurred in the late 15th century and that the intermittent clan wars and strife which followed the power vacuum created by the disappearance of the central power of the region ( a period known in Gaelic as " Linn nan Creach " or the ' Era of Strife ' ) and that the highlands and islands came under tighter government control with the destruction of the Clan system following the failed Jacobite Rebellions of the 18th century . Dùn Èistean is now the focus of a multi - disciplinary project researching the history and archaeology of Ness under the auspices of the University of Glasgow Archaeological Research Division or GUARD . External links .
Efficiency Medal The Efficiency Medal was a medal of Britain and the Commonwealth awarded for long service in the Territorial Army of the UK , the Indian Volunteer Forces and Colonial Auxiliary Forces . This award superseded the awards to ranks throughout the volunteer forces of Britain and the Commonwealth . The criteria were for a minimum of 12 years service in the Territorial Army with war service and West African peacetime service counting double . Bars for further periods of 12 years were also awarded . The medal was superseded in 1999 by the Volunteer Reserves Service Medal . The equivalent award for commissioned officers was the Efficiency Decoration . This lasted until the formation of the Army Emergency Reserve in 1951 which had their own medal instituted ( the Army Emergency Reserve Efficiency Medal . Obverse Types used . Five different obverse types were used during the life of the medal with the following effigies : An exception exists for Canada where the second obverse type for Elizabeth II was substituted for a type showing her wearing the Imperial Crown . Scroll Inscriptions . The fixed suspender bar was decorated with an inscribed scroll the inscription of which had a number of variations . The countries were : Note regarding South Africa . The Efficiency Medal ( South Africa ) is a very similar medal but is not included in the above Commonwealth Country types because it is a separate medal . The scroll inscription read " UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA " , but the inscription also had the Afrikaans equivalent below as well as the reverse of the medal bearing a bilingual inscription .
Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation The United States Air Force established the Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation ( AFAMS ) in June 1996 . Its mission is to coordinate the growing requirement for modeling and simulation across the Air Force . Air Force Mission Directive 56 established AFAMS with the following mandates : AFAMS is a field operating agency of the Office of Warfighting Integration and Chief Information Officer ( SAF / CIO A6 ) in the Pentagon . It is located in the Central Florida Research Park along with numerous DoD , joint , service , contractor , and educational organizations focused on modeling and simulation . Proximity to these other agencies is intended to provide the Air Force " the maximum leverage and advantage of the developing programs and technologies enhancing the Air Force ability to provide ready forces . " Most information on this page was taken from the AFAMS website .
Casemate d ' Auenheim Nord Casemate d ' Auenheim Nord is an infantry casemate of the Maginot Line located in the town of Auenheim , in Alsace . Description . The casemate is a simple flanking one built in 1932 to take in an officer , a non commissioned officer and 20 troop men . Organization . Entrance with an armoured door , shooting room , a room for filters , a room for the electric power supply , 2 rest rooms and a latrine . Notes and references . The Maginot Line website
USS Migrant ( IX - 66 ) USS " Migrant " ( IX ‑ 66 ) was a schooner of the United States Navy during World War II . The ship was built in 1929 by George Lawley & Sons , Neponset , Massachusetts , and acquired from Carl Tucker by the Port Director , New York , for the US Navy on 21 March 1942 , converted by the Sullivan Shipyard , Brooklyn , New York , and commissioned on 19 May 1942 , Lt . R . B . Metcalf , USNR , in command . Service history . Acquired originally for use in the 3rd Naval District , " Migrant " was assigned to the Eastern Sea Frontier following her conversion and commissioning . Until the spring of 1944 she conducted anti - submarine patrols from New York , along the southern New England coast . Transferred on 30 April 1944 to the 1st Naval District at Boston , she conducted ASW patrols along the northern New England coast for the remainder of her Navy career . " Migrant " , ordered inactivated in June 1945 , was decommissioned at East Boston on 3 August . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register ten days later , she remained at East Boston until 6 January 1946 when she was turned over to the War Shipping Administration for disposal .
Michael Joseph McNally Michael Joseph McNally ( June 29 , 1860 – November 2 , 1916 ) was a United States Marine Sergeant who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Second Samoan Civil War . McNally was part of a joint British , American and Samoan expedition against Samoan rebels on Upolu , Samoa in mid - 1899 . He fought at the First Battle of Vailele on April 1 , 1899 and was subsequently awarded the Medal of Honor along with Private Henry L . Hulbert . Both McNally ' s and Hulbert ' s citations incorrectly list them as serving in the Philippines during the time of their distinguished service though they served on which was never dispatched to fight in the Philippine - American War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : June 29 , 1860 , New York , N . Y . Accredited to : California . G . O . No . : 55 , July 19 , 1901 . Citation : For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy at Samoa , Philippine Islands , 1 April 1899 . Note . McNally is sometimes erroneously referred to as Michael L . McNally .
2nd Landwehr Division ( German Empire ) The 2nd Landwehr Division ( " 2 . Landwehr - Division " ) was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I . It was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the " Higher " Landwehr " Commander 2 " ( " Höherer Landwehr - Kommandeur 2 " ) . The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army , after the regular Army and the reserves . Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves , and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat . The circumstances of war often changed this , however . Organization at mobilization . On mobilization , the Higher " Landwehr " Commander 2 commanded four mixed Landwehr brigades ( " gemischte Landwehr - Brigaden " ) , each of which generally included its own infantry , cavalry and artillery . The initial wartime organization was as follows : The 9th Bavarian Mixed Landwehr Brigade was from the Kingdom of Bavaria , raised in the III Bavarian Corps area of northern Bavaria . The 43rd Mixed Landwehr Brigade was from the XI Corps area ( the Province of Hesse - Nassau and the smaller Thuringian states ) . The 45th Mixed Landwehr Brigade was raised in the Kingdom of Saxony . The 53rd Mixed Landwehr Brigade was raised in the Kingdom of Württemberg . 1915 reorganization . In late 1915 , the division was reorganized , with most non - Württemberg elements being transferred to other units , and was officially redesignated the 2nd Landwehr Division on December 19 , 1915 . The order of battle of the division on November 9 , 1915 was as follows : Combat chronicle . Although not officially designated as a Royal Württemberg formation , the 2nd Landwehr Division was wholly made up of Württemberg elements by early 1916 . The division was sent to the front by Verdun , and when the major battle began there in 1916 , the division took part . The division remained in positional warfare on the Verdun front through 1916 and 1917 , and in late 1917 and 1918 participated in the fighting in the Argonne Forest . Late in the war , it faced the American offensive in the region . Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a " square division " ) . In the case of Landwehr divisions , the mixed Landwehr brigades were converted to regular infantry brigades before being triangularized , and were often used to form new units . The 2nd Landwehr Division ' s order of battle on January 5 , 1918 was as follows :
Bernard A . Byrne Bernard Albert Byrne ( October 19 , 1853 – February 2 , 1910 ) was a United States Army Captain received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine – American War . He later achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . Early career . Bernard Abert Byrne was born in Newport Barracks , Kentucky in 1853 . His father was Dr . Bernard Miles Byrne , a U . S . Army surgeon . His mother was Louisa Matlack ( Abert ) Byrne , the daughter of Colonel John James Abert , the first chief of the U . S . Topographical Service . Colonel Byrne joined the Army in Washington , D . C . . He was educated at Colombian University ( later George Washington University ) . He married Bartha Barnitz , daughter of Albert Trorillo Siders Barnitz , an officer twice brevet ted for bravery . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Captain , 6th U . S . Infantry . Place and Date : At Bobong , Negros , Philippine Islands , July 19 , 1899 . Entered Service At : Washington , D . C . Birth : Newport Barracks , Va . Date of Issue : July 15 , 1902 . Citation : Most distinguished gallantry in rallying his men on the bridge after the line had been broken and pushed back . Note . Lieutenant Colonel Byrne ' s medal erroneously lists his place of birth as " Newport Barracks , Virginia " while he was actually born in " Newport Barracks , Kentucky " ( There is actually no such place . )
5th Air Support Operations Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 5th Air Support Operations Squadron ( 5 ASOS ) is a combat support unit located at Fort Lewis , Washington . The 5 ASOS provides Tactical Command and Control of air power assets to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations . References . lq
USS Miramar ( SP - 672 ) USS " Miramar " ( SP - 672 ) , later USS " SP - 672 " , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Miramar " was built as the private motorboat " Lillian II " at Long Island City , New York , in 1907 . She later was renamed " Miramar " . On 18 August 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Miramar " from her owner for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Miramar " ( SP - 672 ) on 31 August 1917 . Assigned to the 8th Naval District , " Miramar " conducted patrols for the rest of World War I . During 1918 , her name was changed to USS " SP - 672 " . " SP - 672 " was returned to her owner on 30 December 1918 .
3rd Legions Infantry Division ( Poland ) Polish 3rd Legions Infantry Division ( " 3 . Dywizja Piechoty Legionów " ) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars . Formed in 1919 , as a third unit composed significantly of veterans of the Polish Legions in World War I ( after Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division and Polish 2nd Legions Infantry Division ) , the unit saw extensive action during the Polish - Bolshevik War and World War II . In the interbellum period , it was stationed in Zamość . During the Polish - Bolshevik War it was commanded by Edward Śmigły - Rydz ( and others ) . It took part in the battle of Daugavpils , Kiev Offensive , battle of Warsaw ( 1920 ) and battle of Niemen . During the Polish Defensive War it was a part of Army Prusy under command of col . Marian Turkowski . After a week of fighting , it was forced back and dispersed by German XV Motorised Corps . Parts of the division were lated reorganized under 1st Legions Divisions and continued to fight until late September . Other 3rd Infantry Divisions of Poland . There were at least four other 3rd Infantry Divisions in Polish twentieth century military history . There was a 3rd Infantry Division which attained partially formed status with the Polish Army in France ( 1939 – 1940 ) , there was the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division served with II Corps ( Poland ) , Polish Armed Forces in the West , the 3rd Infantry Division of the Home Army , and another 3rd Infantry Division ( ) served with the First Army , Soviet - controlled Polish Armed Forces in the East . This division fought at the Battle of Kolberg ( 1945 ) . In 1962 it became the 3rd Mechanised Division .
John Doughty John Doughty ( July 25 , 1754 – September 16 , 1826 ) was an American military officer who briefly served as the senior officer of the United States Army in 1784 . Born in New York City on July 25 , 1754 , he graduated from King ' s College ( Columbia University ) in 1770 and entered military service through New Jersey state channels in January 1776 . He served as adjutant general of two Morris County battalions and was appointed captain - lieutenant of the Eastern Artillery Company of New Jersey in March 1776 . Doughty became captain in the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment in January 1777 and served as aide to Major General Philip Schuyler . Later , he was assigned to command the New York State company of artillery in March 1777 . John Doughty would participate in the battles of Brandywine ( 1777 ) , Germantown ( 1777 ) , Monmouth ( 1778 ) , Springfield ( 1780 ) , and Yorktown ( 1781 ) . He was appointed brigade major of the Corps of Artillery in 1779 and was appointed fort major for the West Point garrison in 1782 . He was transferred to the Corps of Artillery in June 1783 . He was promoted to brevet major in September to which he became the Army ' s senior ranking officer following the discharge from the army of all but eighty men in June 1784 { Doughty Artillery Company attached to Henry Jackson ' s 1st American Regiment ( 1783 - 1784 ) } and was the senior officer of the United States Army from 20 June to 12 August 1784 . He superintended the construction of Fort Harmar ( 1785 ) and Fort Washington ( 1789 ) on the Ohio frontier . Doughty was designated major of the Battalion of Artillery in 1789 , then was dispatched by President Washington to the frontier to negotiate with the Choctaw Nation for trading post sites in 1789 . He repelled with serious losses an attack by Cherokee , Shawnee , and Creek Indians while leading a detachment up the Tennessee River on a negotiating mission to the Chickasaw Nation in 1790 . He declined a proffered appointment as lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Infantry Regiment , after which he retired from the army in March 1791 . He then was appointed brigadier general of artillery , 2d Division , New Jersey militia in 1793 and was appointed lieutenant colonel , 2d Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers , as war with France threatened in June 1798 . In May 1800 Doughty resigned and returned to private life on his estate at Morristown , New Jersey , to engage in agriculture and pursue literary studies . He died there on September 16 , 1826 .
Fritz Jacobeit Fritz Jacobeit ( 1 March 1916 – 12 April 1990 ) was a highly decorated Unteroffizier in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold ; only 631 were ever awarded .
Taverny Air Base Taverny Air Base ( formerly " Base Aérienne 921 " Frères Mahé " de Taverny " ) is located in the communities of Taverny and Bessancourt in the Val d ' Oise département of France , twenty kilometers north of Paris . Until 2011 it was the headquarters of the French Air Force nuclear strike force , with an underground command center . The base is divided into three tiers with an area of approximately 15 hectares : There were no aviation facilities apart from a heliport . Description . The base is located on the flank of the heights of the community of Taverny , with the hardened facility between 70 and 80 meters below the surface in the former quarries . The tunnels are large enough for trucks to enter . The underground climate is described as warm and dry , but the tunnels require monitoring for water penetration and dissolution of the gypsum . Somewhat more than 1000 personnel are employed at the base . The facility is provided with backup power and an independent water supply . A 2000m² Faraday Cage was completed in 1993 after six years of construction - one of the largest in Europe . Nuclear deterrent . Taverny provided information to the following organizations : Other facilities . A similar Air Force facility exists northwest of Lyon at BA942 Lyon - Mont Verdun . The French Navy ' s counterpart facility , controlling the ballistic missile submarine strike force ( " Force océanique stratégique " - FOST ) , was located about 20 km to the south at Houilles , Yvelines .
George Rose ( Medal of Honor ) George Harry Rose ( February 28 , 1880 – December 7 , 1932 ) was a member of the United States Navy and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions during the China Relief Expedition . Biography . Rose enlisted in the Navy from his birth state of Connecticut and served on the cruiser as a Seaman . During the China Relief Expedition of 1900 , " Newark " , serving as flagship for the Assistant Commander of the Asiatic Station , was brought to the Peking area to protect Americans who were under threat from the Boxer Rebellion . Rose voluntarily took part in land operations there in May and June 1900 , distinguishing himself on several occasions , among them carrying dispatches on June 10 , helping to fight off an attack on his unit ' s baggage train on the 13th , engaging in combat from June 20 , to June 22 , and obtaining medical supplies from an enemy - held village . For his " meritorious conduct " on 13 , 20 , 21 and June 22 , he was awarded the Medal of Honor . Rose received a commission as an Ensign in the Naval Reserve in 1917 . He served in the Third Naval District ( New York City region ) during World War I and was promoted to Lieutenant ( Junior Grade ) in mid - 1918 . On July 15 , 1929 he became a Lieutenant Commander in the Merchant Marine Naval Reserve . Rose died at age 52 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Seaman Rose ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : In the presence of the enemy during the battles at Peking , China , 13 , 20 , 21 and 22 June 1900 . Throughout this period , Rose distinguished himself by meritorious conduct . While stationed as a crewmember of the U . S . S . " Newark " , he was part of its landing force that went ashore off Taku , China . on 31 May 1900 , he was in a party of 6 under John McCloy ( MH ) which took ammunition from the " Newark " to Tientsin . On 10 June 1900 , he was one of a party that carried dispatches from LaFa to Yongstsum at night . On the 13th he was one of a few who fought off a large force of the enemy saving the Main baggage train from destruction . On the 20th and 21st he was engaged in heavy fighting against the Imperial Army being always in the first rank . On the 22d he showed gallantry in the capture of the Siku Arsenal . He volunteered to go to the nearby village which was occupied by the enemy to secure medical supplies urgently required . The party brought back the supplies carried by newly taken prisoners .
Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis was an ancient Roman who , according to Livy , was dictator in 498 or 496 BC , when he conquered the Latins in the great Battle of Lake Regillus and subsequently celebrated a triumph . Many of the coins of the Albini commemorate this victory of their ancestor , as in the one pictured . Roman folklore related that Castor and Pollux were seen fighting in this battle on the side of the Romans , whence the dictator afterwards dedicated a temple to Castor and Pollux in the Roman Forum . He was consul in 496 BC , in which year some of the annal s , according to Livy , placed the battle of Lake Regillus ; and it is to this year that Dionysius assigns it . The name " Regillensis " is usually supposed to have been derived from this battle ; but Niebuhr thinks that it was taken from a place of residence , just as the Claudii bore the same name , and that the later annalists only spoke of Postumius as commander in consequence of the name . Livy states expressly , that Scipio Africanus was the first Roman who obtained a surname from his conquests . In 495 BC . Postumius was chosen at short notice by the Romans to lead the cavalry to victory against a Sabine invading force . He was , according to some genealogies , the father of Spurius Postumius Albus Regillensis and Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis .
SM UC - 24 SM " UC - 24 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 26 August 1915 and was launched on 4 March 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 August 1916 as SM " UC - 24 " . In 4 patrols " UC - 24 " was credited with sinking 4 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 24 " was torpedoed and sunk by off Cattaro on 24 May 1917 .