naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Milecastle 12 Milecastle 12 ( Heddon ) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian ' s Wall . Its remains lay under Town Farm , Heddon - on - the - Wall , ( just opposite the farm house ) with nothing visible on the surface . Construction . Milecastle 12 is of unknown axis and gateway types . Associated turrets . Each milecastle on Hadrian ' s Wall had two associated turret structures . These turrets were positioned approximately one - third and two - thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle , and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle ' s garrison . The turrets associated with Milecastle 12 are known as Turret 12A and Turret 12B . Turret 12A . Turret 12A ( Heddon West ) is located beside ( and mainly beneath ) the B6318 Military Road a short distance West North West of Heddon - on - the - Wall . No surface traces are currently visible . The turret was located in 1928 as west of Milecastle 12 . This location was confirmed by a partial excavation in 1930 . It was found that the walls were reduced to ground level beyond the edge of the roadway , but had the same plan as Turret 12B . However , the platform ( which occupied the South side of the interior of Turrets 12B and 13A ) , was too badly robbed for any trace to remain . The mortared walls were recorded as thick , with the doorway lying to the east . < BR > Location on Ordnance Survey 1 : 25 000 map : Turret 12B . Turret 12B ( North Lodge ) is located beside the Military Road ( at a point where the B6318 is diverted away from it , but it still exists as a narrow metaled track ) . It was located in 1928 , 543 yards from Turret 12a and 529 yards from Milecastle 13 . It was excavated in 1930 , and found to be almost identical in plan to Turret 12A . The platform was rectangular and occupied the south side of the interior . < BR > Location on Ordnance Survey 1 : 25 000 map :
Lochagos Lochagos ( ; abbreviated as Λγος ) is used in the Greek language to mean " Captain " . More precisely , it means " leader of a " lochos " " . Ancient Use . The term has been used since the times of Ancient Greece , where the place of the rank in the military hierarchy differed from city - state to city - state . For example , Xenophon reported that a " lochagos " of Sparta served under a polemarch . Aristotle reported that his counterpart in Athens served under a " taxiarchos " . In military manuals , the file is often called a lochos and as such its leader is also called a lochagos . Thus , the lochagos can also be the promachos protostates . The rank of " lochagos " could also represent an officer roughly equivalent to that a Roman army centurion . The term was however also used by later writers to describe the civilian leader of a curia . The rank was still in use in the military of the Byzantine Empire . Modern Use . In the modern Hellenic Army the rank is superior to an " Ypolochagos " ( First Lieutenant ) and inferior to an " Tagmatarchis " ( Major ) . The insignia consists of three silver stars .
HMS L21 HMS " L21 " was a British L class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness . She was laid down on 15 September 1917 and was commissioned on an unknown date . " L21 " was sold in February 1939 but became stranded on the way to the breakers .
Battle of Khresili The Battle of Khresili ( Georgian : ხრესილის ბრძოლა ) was fought , in 1757 , between the armies of the Kingdom of Imereti and the Ottoman Empire . The king of Imereti Solomon I defeated the army of Turks . The battle took place in 14 December 1747 . Solomon I was trying to establish a strong monarchy and unify western Georgia . Those actions stained the relations between Georgian King and Ottoman Empire . Ottomans exceptionally wanted to stop Solomon ' s struggle against slavery . Ottomans made a union with Georgian betrayer Lords . Levan Abashidze , who was fighting against King of Imereti , arrived in Akhaltsikhe and led Ottoman army to the Kingdom of Imereti . Solomon enticed them in strategically adroit place near Khresili and heavily defeated them . Background . In 17th century western Georgia was vassal of Ottoman Empire . Ottoman garrisons were disposed In Tsutskvati , Poti and Shorapani fortresses . Only from Mengrelia ( part of Georgia ) 12 000 slaves were sold in Ottoman Empire every year . Georgians were in a danger of extinction . King of Imereti Solomon I prohibited slavery , opposed betrayer Lords and wanted independence from Ottoman Empire . Sultan sent Gola Pasha with large army to punish Solomon I and reestablish ottoman rule over Kingdom of Imereti . Purpose . Ottomans wanted to destroy Solomon I and his supporters and to finally conquer western Georgia . The aim of Georgians was to clear Imereti from Turks . Battle . Early morning Georgians started attack . King Solomon himself reached Ali Pasha and killed him . Ottomans became confused after death of their leader . Georgians heavily defeated ottoman army .
John G . K . Ayers John G . K . Ayers ( 1837 – 1913 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . “ For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863 . ”
Wesel Railway Bridge The Wesel Railway Bridge was a bridge on the Haltern – Venlo railway , built as part of the Hamburg – Venlo railway by the Cologne - Minden Railway Company , and opened on 1 March 1874 . Wesel , Germany , was heavily bombed in Allied air raids during World War II and more than 95 percent destroyed . On 10 March 1945 the Rhine and Lippe bridges , among others , were blown up by the Wehrmacht in compliance with Hitler ' s scorched earth policy that became known as the Nero Decree . The long railway bridge at Wesel was the last Rhine bridge remaining in German hands . Bombing . The Bombing of Wesel in World War II in conjunction with the attacks in support of the crossing of the Rhine enabled the allies to take the town in March 1945 . The town was taken quickly with only 36 casualties . Field - Marshal Montgomery said of the bombing : " The bombing of Wesel was a masterpiece , and was a decisive factor in making possible our entry into the town before midnight . " Bridge construction . The 371st Engineer Construction Battalion moved by a convoy code named " Boobie Trap " on March 29 , 1945 , from Geldern , to Menzelen , north of Alpen , Germany , preparing to move northeast towards Wesel and the Rhine River rail bridge . The Ninth and British 2nd were pushing east at a fast pace , so the engineering companies began working 12 - hour shifts of 10 days on , 2 off , on the Rhine River Bridge project . The bridge was a high - level type , approximately above high water , and of steel construction to support heavy transport trains . The river depth , between , and current made falling into the water a dangerous proposition . Airplanes provided protection along with anti - aircraft gun emplacements and lights on the ground . The Germans unable to pinpoint the location of the bridge construction project . On April 4 , 1945 , the piling was braced and capped . The towers were completed . Steel spans , ties , and track were lowered into place . Completion . On April 8 , the Rhine River Bridge at Wesel was completed . They tested the bridge by running a train across it that night , and the bridge passed . The following morning , 50 car supply trains began crossing the bridge , keeping to a speed limit and traveling one at a time to avoid unnecessary vibration . The Wesel Bridge was the first fixed bridge built by any army engineer to span the Rhine since the days of Caesar , according to military references , and was the first fixed bridge to span the Rhine River with highway bridges included . The " Victory Bridge " constructed by the 332nd Engineer G . S . Regiment wasn ' t completed until a month later , on May 8 , 1945 . Finalizing . Between April 8 – 10 , 1945 , the 3rd platoon improved the western approach to the bridge , to speed the huge volume of heavy railroad traffic using the single track approach . Other units were tasked with clearing mine fields for landing of aircraft and laying of gas pipelines . One detail was erecting a prefabricated water tower and tank for the Railroad at Büderich Station , Germany .
Graham McKenzie Smith Graham McKenzie Smith is an Australian military historian . He has written a number of books about Australian Second World War army units and movements and has contributed to the Military Historical Society of Australia magazine " Sabretache " . His most recent book is concerned with the coastal defences of Albany , Bunbury , and Fremantle in the Second World War .
Henschel Hs 127 The Henschel Hs 127 was a German bomber that was built as two prototypes , but cancelled without entering mass production . In 1935 , the RLM ( " Reichsluftfahrtministerium " - German Ministry of Aviation ) published requests for a fast tactical bomber . Junkers , Focke - Wulf , Messerschmitt and Henschel all submitted designs . According to RLM specifications , the plane was to be able to maintain a speed of 500 km / h ( 313 mph ) for 30 minutes , take - off to a height of 20 m ( 65 ft ) in not more than 750 m ( 2 , 460 ft ) , and carry one defensive machine gun and 500 – 800 kg ( 1 , 100 - 1 , 760 lb ) of bombs . The crew was to consist of a pilot , a bombardier / navigator and a gunner . Focke - Wulf soon withdrew from participation , so three projects were presented : the future Hs 127 , the Junkers Ju 88 and the Messerschmitt Bf 162 . Prototypes were ordered of all three , with new Daimler - Benz DB 600 engines to be installed on all three types . The maiden flight of the Hs 127 V1 was at the end of 1937 . The plane was smaller and lighter than the Ju 88 and had a very good top speed of 565 km / h ( 353 mph ) , but the Ju 88 was chosen because of its bigger bomb load . In May 1938 , the contract for Hs 127 development was cancelled by the RLM and the third prototype was not finished . The Hs 127 was a low - wing monoplane with monocoque fuselage . Its two - spar wing had an all - metal covering and was equipped with flaps . Its retractable gear had shock - absorbers to facilitate operations from poor airstrips . All 3 crew members sat in the nose .
Treaty of Fontainebleau ( 1745 ) The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on October 24 , 1745 in Fontainebleau , France between Louis XV of France and the pretender to the British throne Charles Edward Stuart . Based on the terms of the accord , both signatories agreed to establish a military alliance against George II of Great Britain who was also the Elector of Hanover .
Hunt - Swartout Raid The Hunt - Swartout Raid was a 1756 massacre against colonial settlers in northwestern New Jersey during the French and Indian War ( 1755 – 1763 ) . In the 18th century , the upper valley of the Delaware River was a sparsely - populated wilderness frontier . In 1756 , a small band of Lenape from the valley of the Susquehanna River crossed the Delaware River into New Jersey and proceeded on foot to the homes of local militia officers Richard Hunt , Anthony Swartout , and Daniel Harker . The Lenape braves ransacked and burned the settler ' s homes , killing several Anthony Swartout and several members his family , and kidnapped members of the Hunt and Swartout households who were held captive for several years .
Charles Harry Coverdale Charles Harry Coverdale VC MM ( 21 April 1888 – 20 November 1955 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Coverdale was 29 years old , and a sergeant in the 11th Battalion , The Manchester Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 4 October 1917 south - west of Poelcapelle , Belgium , when close to the objective , Sergeant Coverdale disposed of three snipers . He then rushed two machine - guns , killing or wounding the teams . He subsequently reorganised his platoon in order to capture another position , but after getting within 100 yards of it was held up by our own barrage and had to return . Later he went out again with five men to capture the position , but when he saw a considerable number of the enemy advancing , withdrew his detachment man by man , he himself being the last to retire . He later achieved the rank of second lieutenant with the Manchester Regiment .
A . Kumaresan Air Vice Marshal A Kumaresan , RSP , USP , psc , SLAF is the current Director Planning of the Sri Lanka Air Force . Educated at the prestiges Royal College Colombo , he joined the Sri Lanka Air Force as an Officer Cadet in the SLAF Regiment Branch . After successful completion of Basic Training he was commissioned as a Pilot Officer in the SLAF Regiment . He holds a MSc in Defence Studies and management . Air Vice Marshal Gunathilake has been awarded the gallantry medals Rana Sura Padakkama for individual acts of bravery , the service medals Uttama Seva Padakkama and Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal .
GSh - 18 The GSh - 18 ( Cyrillic : Г Ш - 18 ) is a 9 mm semi - automatic pistol developed in 1990s at the KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula . The pistol ' s name is derived from its designers — Gryazev and Shipunov , and the number 18 denotes the magazine capacity . Design details . The GSh - 18 is a short recoil - operated , locked breech pistol . The weapon has an unusual cam - rotated barrel with 10 locking lugs . The GSh - 18 is striker - fired and features a pre - set trigger that pre - cocks the pistol when the slide recoils after firing a shot . The striker firing pin is then fully cocked by pulling the trigger back to the rear . GSh - 18 contains only 17 parts ( by comparison , the Glock 17 contains 34 parts ) . Ammo . GSh - 18 is designed to fire standard 9x19mm Parabellum ammo . The GSh - 18 is also designed to fire the new Russian 9x19mm 7N21 ( Cyrillic : 7 Н 21 ) and 7N31 ( Cyrillic : 7 Н 31 ) + P + armor - piercing round s . With the armor - piercing bullets 7N31 the gun punches 8 mm of steel ( 15 – 20 meters of distance ) .
USS Zipalong ( SP - 3 ) USS " Zipalong " ( SP - 3 ) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel during 1917 . " Zipalong " was a wooden - hulled motorboat built in 1907 at Boston , Massachusetts , by George Lawley & Son with the name " Gansetta " . Subsequently , " Gansetta " was renamed " Zipalong " . The U . S . Navy acquired " Zipalong " in the spring of 1917 from Albert and Leonard Schwarz and W . W . Miller for service in World War I . Assigned the classification SP - 3 , she was commissioned on 13 June 1917 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , as USS " Zipalong " , with Ensign Frank A . Snow , USNRF , in command . With her section base at Cape May , New Jersey , " Zipalong " conducted local section patrols within the 4th Naval District into the autumn of 1917 . Decommissioned on 27 November 1917 at Philadelphia , " Zipalong " was returned to her owners in early 1918 and resumed her civilian pursuits .
Robert Brown ( sailor ) Robert Brown ( born 1830 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1830 in Norway , Brown immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U . S . Navy . He served during the Civil War as a captain of the top on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he was " [ c ] ool and courageous " despite heavy fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Brown ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Richmond " in action at Mobile Bay on 5 August 1864 . Cool and courageous at his station throughout the prolonged action , Brown rendered gallant service as his vessel trained her guns on Fort Morgan and on ships of the Confederacy despite extremely heavy return fire . He participated in the actions at Forts Jackson and St . Philip , with the Chalmette batteries , at the surrender of New Orleans and in the attacks on batteries below Vicksburg .
Unmanned surface vehicle Unmanned surface vehicles ( USV ) or autonomous surface vehicles ( ASV ) are vehicles that operate on the surface of the water without a crew . USVs are valuable in oceanography , as they are more capable than moored or drifting weather buoy s , but far cheaper than the equivalent weather ships and research vessels , and more flexible than commercial - ship contributions . Wave glider s , in particular , harness wave energy for primary propulsion and , with solar cells to power their electronics , have months of marine persistence for both academic and naval applications . Military applications for USVs include powered seaborne target s . Operational USVs with offensive capability include the Israeli Protector USV .
Fort de Bois - d ' Arcy The Fort de Bois - d ' Arcy , also called the Batterie de Bois - d ' Arcy , is one of the forts constructed at the end of the 19th century to defend Paris . It is located in the commune of Bois d ' Arcy in the Yvelines département of France . The fort is located in the southern part of the town to the south of Route nationale 12 . It is presently the home of the French national film archives , the Centre national de la cinématographie . History . Built between 1874 and 1881 , the fort was planned to reinforce the western fortifications of Paris . The southwestern forts were designed to cover the approach of a relieving army from the western portions of France . The Bois - d ' Arcy fort protected the neighboring Fort de Saint - Cyr , Versailles and the Camp de Satory , covering the Trappes valley and railway lines from Le Havre and Tours . During World War II the fort was occupied by German forces . Before leaving , the Germans blew up the front of the fort in 1944 . Film depository . During the 1960s the fort was placed at the disposal of the Ministry of Culture and was used by the Centre national de la cinématographie from 1969 as a storage center for nitrate - based films . It has since been designated a depository for all French films and is involved in the digitization of movies for digital preservation . It is classed as a Monument historique , designated on 15 February 1991 .
Hans Busch Hans Konrad Busch ( 5 March 1915 – 13 April 1998 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II and an Oberstleutnant in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Busch was captured by Soviet troops in 1945 . He joined the Bundeswehr in 1956 , retiring in 1975 .
Fort Douglas ( Canada ) Fort Douglas was a fort of the Hudson ' s Bay Company that was built by Scottish and Irish settlers in 1812 in what is today Winnipeg , Manitoba . It was in the immediate vicinity ( down river ) of the North West Company establishment , Fort Gibraltar . During the conflict between the Hudson ' s Bay Company and the North West Company , the fort was burned by the Métis and employees of the North West Company . The fort was soon rebuilt and there was a short period of relative peace . After the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816 , the fort was again destroyed , and the settlers were removed from their land . It was used as a trading post .
United States Under Secretary of the Air Force The Under Secretary of the Air Force ( USECAF , or SAF / US ) is the second - highest ranking civilian official in the Department of the Air Force of the United States of America , serving directly under the Secretary of the Air Force . In the absence of the Secretary , the Under Secretary exercises all the powers and duties of the Secretary and serves as Acting Secretary when the position of Secretary is vacant . The Under Secretary of the Air Force is appointed by the President , by and with the advice and consent the Senate , to serve at the President ' s pleasure . The Secretary and Under Secretary , together with two military officers ( the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force ) , constitute the senior leadership team of the Department of the Air Force . The Under Secretary of the Air Force supervises the following officials : The current Under Secretary of the Air Force is Eric Fanning , who was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 18 , 2013 .
German submarine U - 107 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 107 " was a Type IXB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " that operated during World War II . Between January 1941 and August 1944 , it sailed on 16 active patrols at a time when a U - boat averaged a lifespan of seven to 10 patrols . During that time , " U - 107 " sank 39 Allied ships , in addition to damaging another four ships . It was launched on 2 July 1940 , based at the U - boat port of Lorient , with a crew of 53 under the initial command of Günther Hessler . It was later commanded , in order , by Harald Gelhaus , Valker Simmermacher and its final commander , Karl Heinz Fritz .
No . 135 Squadron RAF No . 135 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron formed to be a bomber unit in World War I and reformed as a fighter unit in World War II . Formation and World War I . No . 135 Squadron Royal Flying Corps was formed on 1 March 1918 at RAF Hucknall , Nottinghamshire in the training role . It was intended to train on the De Havilland DH . 9 from September 1918 and to move to France in October 1918 but in a major re - organisation of squadrons after the Royal Air Force was formed the squadron disbanded on 4 July 1918 without becoming operational . Reformation in World War II . The squadron reformed in August 1941 as a fighter unit equipped with Hawker Hurricanes and was stationed at RAF Baginton but moved to RAF Honiley in September 1941 . It was then moved to Calcutta , India and Rangoon , Burma . The squadron converted to the Republic Thunderbolt I until its disbandment upon renumbering to 615 Squadron in June 1945 .
Battle of Cassano ( 1259 ) The Battle of Cassano was fought in the Autumn of 1259 between a Guelph and a Ghibelline army in northern Italy . In 1259 , Ezzelino da Romano and his Ghibelline army moved into Lombardy and besieged Orci Novi . But the approach of the Guelph army forced Ezzelino to abandon the siege and cross the Oglio River . Joined by exiled nobles fom Milan , the Ghibellines attempted to take the city of Monza by force , but the attempt failed . Ezzelino and his troops , aware of the dangerous position they were now in , retreated to the Adda river . Here , Ezzelino III da Romano and his troops were defeated by the Guelphs under Azzo VII d ' Este . Ezzelino was wounded and captured , and imprisoned at Soncino , where he died of his wounds a few days later .