naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
14th King George ' s Own Ferozepore Sikhs The 14th King George ' s Own Ferozepore Sikhs was a regiment of the British Indian Army they can trace their origins to the " Regiment of Ferozepore " formed in 1846 . The regiment had a number of different titles over the following years , the 14th Bengal Native Infantry 1861 – 1864 , the 14th ( The Ferozepore ) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry 1864 – 1885 , the 14th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry ( Ferozepore Sikhs ) 1885 – 1901 , the 14th ( Ferozepore ) Sikh Infantry 1901 – 1903 and finally after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army in 1903 the 14th Ferozepore Sikhs . Further Changes in name followed the 14th Prince of Wales ' s Own Ferozepore Sikhs 1906 – 1910 , the 14th King George ' s Own Ferozepore Sikhs 1910 – 1922 . To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905 . In World War I they took part in the Mesopotamia Campaign with the 51st Brigade , 17th Indian Division . In the post World War I reforms of the Indian Army they were amalgamated into a large regiment and became the 1st Battalion 11th Sikh Regiment . After the independence of India the regiment was allocated to the present day Indian Army .
Dan Smith ( American author ) Col . Dan Smith is a retired U . S . Army colonel and author , who writes articles for Friends Committee on National Legislation ( FCNL ) , CounterPunch and other anti - war minded publications . With almost three decades of military experience , Smith writes articles on the current Iraq War .
Saxon Shore Way The Saxon Shore Way is a long - distance footpath in England , starting at Gravesend , Kent and traces the coast as it was in Roman times " ( note the changed coastline around Romney Marsh ) " as far as Hastings , East Sussex , in total . History . The line of the Roman fortification that the route traces includes ancient forts , modern towns , nature reserves and coastline : four Roman forts built in the fourth century lie along the route , at Reculver , Richborough , Dover and Lympne . At Seasalter there is an internationally important area for geese , ducks , and waders . The diversity of scenery along the route includes the wide expanses of marshland bordering the Thames and Medway estuaries , the White cliffs of Dover , and panoramic views over Romney Marsh from the escarpment that marks the ancient coastline between Folkestone and Rye . The Saxon Shore Way was originally opened in 1980 , but has since been re - established , and in parts re - routed and extended . It follows the coastline of the South East as it was about 1500 years ago , long before the North Kent Marshes or the Romney Marsh came into existence , when the cliff lines to the north and south extended further into the sea and when the Wantsum Channel provided a thoroughfare for boats between the Isle of Thanet and mainland England . The Way takes its name , The Saxon Shore , from a line of fortifications built along the coastline as it was in the 3rd century AD , towards the end of the Roman period . In this time of crisis Saxon invaders came from the southern regions of modern Denmark and in response the Romans built a line of defensive forts along the coast to repel the newcomers .
Aviation Industries of Iran AVA - 202 The Aviation Industries of Iran AVA - 202 is an Iranian two - seat , light aircraft designed as a trainer and sporting aircraft . It was intended for the Iranian domestic market to avoid dependence on imports . Design and development . The AVA - 202 was based on the Van ' s Aircraft RV - 6A and was designed to comply with European JAR - 22 and JAR - VLA aircraft certification rules . It features a cantilever low - wing , a two - seats - in - side - by - side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy , fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration . The aircraft is made from aluminum sheet . Its span wing employs a NACA 63 - 215 airfoil and the wing root and a NACA 63 - 015 airfoil at the wing tip . The wingspan is greater than the RV - 6 ' s wingspan of from which it is derived . The AVA - 202 ' s wing has an area of and is equipped with flaps . The standard engine fitted is the Lycoming AEIO - 320 - B2B four - stroke aerobatic powerplant .
Ramparts of Quebec City Located in Canada , the Ramparts of Quebec City are the only remaining fortified city wall s in North America north of Mexico . The English began fortifying the existing walls , after they took Quebec City from the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759 . The wall surrounds most of Old Quebec , which was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1985 . The fortifications were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1948 . Surviving gates . The Ramparts have four surviving gates :
GQM - 163 Coyote The GQM - 163 Coyote is a supersonic seaskimming target built by Orbital Sciences and used by the United States Navy as a successor to the MQM - 8 Vandal . Orbital ' s proposal was chosen over the MA - 31 , a joint venture between Boeing and Zvezda - Strela . Orbital was awarded their contract for the development of the Coyote SSST in June 2000 . The Coyote is initially boosted by a Hercules MK - 70 booster , of similar design to those used by the now obsolete RIM - 67 Standard ER missiles . After the booster stage is expended the missile switches to an Aerojet MARC - R - 282 solid - fuel rocket / ramjet engine for sustaining its flight .
Salvo A salvo is the simultaneous discharge of artillery or firearms including the firing of guns either to hit a target or to perform a salute . Troops armed with muzzleloader s required time in which to refill their arms with gun powder and shot . Gun drills were designed to enable an almost continuous rain of fire on the enemy by lining troops into ranks , allowing one rank to fire a salvo , or volley , while the other ranks prepared their guns for firing . The term is commonly used to describe the firing of broadside s by warships , especially battleships . During fleet engagements in the days of sail , from 17th century until the 19th century , ships of the line were maneuvered with the objective of bringing the greatest possible number of cannon to bear on the enemy and to discharge them in a salvo , causing enough damage and confusion as to allow time for the cannon to be swabbed out and reloaded . Crossing the T , employed by Horatio Nelson , entailed cutting across the enemy ' s line of battle to enable broadside s to be fired through the enemy ' s bow or stern along the whole length of the ship , with every shot likely to cause the maximum carnage . The opportunity was a passing one and the most had to be made of it . With the coming of the HMS " Dreadnought " , with her turreted main armament , the heavy guns were directed by firing a salvo of half - broadside in order to observe the fall of shot , allowing enough time to adjust for range and direction before firing the other half - broadside . This way , shells were kept in flight while each half - battery was reloaded . Reloading a battleship guns , arriving at a firing solution and lining the guns up to fire took as long as 30 seconds , especially when the fall of shot needed to be observed and corrections made before firing again . A target ship moving at traveled in 30 seconds , and would often maneuver to " spoil " the range measurement . The " spread " of the salvo would have one shot fire " over " the estimated range , one shot " under , " and two on the estimated range . When a four - shot " salvo " " straddled " the target with one splashing over , one splashing under and two landing on or near the target , fire control officers knew they had the correct range . All turret mounted guns on battleships and cruisers were directed by the gunnery officer , positioned high in the ship and equipped with a visual rangefinder and other mechanisms for directing fire . Instructions to the gunlayers in the turrets were passed by voice pipe , messenger and , later , by telephone . Guns could also be laid by remote control by the gunnery director , with the appropriate technology . Late in World War II , guns were directed by radar .
Robert Kekewich Major General Robert George Kekewich , CB ( 17 June 1854 – 5 November 1914 ) was a Victorian era British Army officer . Kekewich was the second son of Trehawke Kekewich , of Peamore House , near Exeter , Devon , and the grandson of Samuel Trehawke Kekewich . He was also the brother of Sir Trehawke Herbert Kekewich , 1st Baronet and the nephew of the judge Sir Arthur Kekewich . He was educated at Marlborough , and entered the army through the militia in 1874 Kekewich joined the Buffs on 2 December 1874 . He fought in the Perak War of 1875 - 6 , and in the Sudan , 1884 - 5 , where he gained a brevet majority . He was employed as D . A . A . G . in the Sudan campaign of 1888 , and afterwards as military secretary to the Commander - in - Chief , Madras , and was engaged in the operations in Burma , 1892 - 3 . He was promoted into the Loyal Regiment ( North Lancashire ) and commanded the 1st Battalion of that regiment in the Second Boer War . He commanded the garrison during the successful defence of Kimberley , during which time he came into conflict with Cecil Rhodes . In late September 1901 he was wounded in an attack by General de la Rey near Moedwil , but soon recuperated . He received the rank of brevet - colonel and was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) . In August 1902 he was specially promoted major general after winning the Battle of Rooiwal in April of that year . He was appointed colonel of the Buffs on 5 October 1909 . On the outbreak of World War I in 1914 he was appointed to the 13th ( Western ) Division , which he commanded until his suicide , aged 60 , on 5 November of that year . He was buried in St Martin ' s Churchyard , Exminster , Devon .
Bee Creek Massacre The Bee Creek Massacre occurred in December , 1861 , when troops of the 18th Missouri Infantry USA executed two Confederate prisoners . Southern bushwhacker Silas M . Gordon had been operating out of Platte County , Missouri for a number of months before regional Federal military authorities attempted to capture him and his followers . In November , 1861 , two Federal soldiers were killed near the Bee Creek Bridge , a few miles south of Weston , Missouri . By mid - December , elements of the 18th Missouri Infantry were occupying neighboring Platte City and captured Black Triplett , Gabriel Case , and William Kuykendall , three Confederate soldiers that had come home either on furlough or at the expiration of their enlistment terms . Platte Countian W . M . Paxton wrote in a history of the county that he spoke to the 18th Missouri ' s colonel , W . James Morgan , asking on behalf of Triplett ' s father for the privilege to speak with his son . Morgan ' s reply was , " Yes , God damn him ! Let him say now what he pleases , for he will never see him alive again . " Instead of leniency , Morgan took Triplett and prisoner Case near to Bee Creek Bridge . Triplett stood and was shot . Case , with arms bound , fled to the nearby creek bed where he quickly became mired in the mud . A Federal soldier descended upon him and bayoneted him to death . The letters " U . S . " were scrawled in Triplett ' s blood on the bridge . The third prisoner , William Kuykendall , was spared .
The Green Hand Gang The Green Hand Gang was an anti - Zionist and anti - British armed group that existed between October 1929 and mid - 1930 in the Safed and Acre districts of northern Palestine during the British Mandate period . The group was formed by Ahmed Tafish in October 1929 following a number of attacks on Jewish communities during the 1929 Palestine riots and the Safed massacre of August 1929 . Its first operation was against the Jewish quarter of Safed in cooperation with local supporters in the town . In the following month the group was augmented by the arrival of several Druze fighters who had taken part in the 1925 Great Syrian Revolt against the French . In November , following a second attack on Jews in Safed the British authorities sent Palestine Police reinforcements to the area . The group then moved its activities to Acre district where they attacked police patrols . In December British army troops were sent into the area . The authorities were assisted by the French regime in Syria who increased their patrols on the Syria - Palestine border . During the first two months of 1930 , the British succeeded in capturing sixteen of Green Hand members and breaking up the gang . During the summer of 1930 , Ahmed Tafish was arrested in Transjordan .
Battle of Naas The Battle of Naas took place in Ireland on 24 May 1798 . Background . One of the first engagements of the 1798 rebellion , a force of over 1 , 000 rebels , led by Michael Reynolds attacked Naas , the strongest Crown garrison in County Kildare , following the successful mobilisation of United Irishmen , Defenders and rebels throughout county Kildare on the night of 23 May . The garrison at Naas numbered approximately 250 men , supplemented by a number of local yeomen , some of whom had already deserted to the rebels . Importantly , the defenders had some cannon . Attack . The rebel attack was launched from three directions at around 2 : 30 a . m and achieved a degree of surprise , driving the garrison back to a barricade outside the gaol , on a slight hill at the centre of the town ' s main street . Rebel assaults on the barricade were eventually beaten back when the military managed to bring two artillery pieces to bear , firing at close range into the mass of rebels advancing on the then gaol from the north . Hemmed in by buildings , the rebels could not manoeuver , and cavalry were sent in to take advantage of the confusion . The rebels then began to retreat and the bulk of their casualties , about 135 , were inflicted at this stage for the loss of about 25 of the military . On the same night the Battle of Prosperous about 6 miles north of Naas resulted in a rebel success .
Driver ( rank ) Driver ( Dvr ) was a military rank used in the British Army and the armies of other Commonwealth countries . It was equivalent to the rank of Private . The rank was initially used in the Royal Artillery for the men who drove the teams of horses which pulled the guns . It was phased out after the First World War ( when all Royal Artillerymen of the lowest rank were redesignated as Gunners ) . It was also used in the Royal Australian Artillery and Royal Canadian Artillery . It was also used by all the Private - equivalents of the Royal Army Service Corps and later the Royal Corps of Transport , no matter what their trade . When the RCT amalgamated to form the Royal Logistic Corps in 1993 the rank finally disappeared from the British Army .
Fort Clinch Fort Clinch is a 19th - century Third System masonry coastal fortification located on a peninsula near the northernmost point of Amelia Island in Nassau County , Florida . The fort lies to the northeast of Fernandina Beach at the entrance to the Cumberland Sound and lies within Fort Clinch State Park . History . Since 1736 the site where Fort Clinch now stands has been occupied off and on by troops because it sits at the entrance to the St . Marys River and the Cumberland Sound . Construction of a fort , later named Fort Clinch , was begun in 1847 after the end of the Second Seminole War . The actual compound is pentagonal in shape , with both inner and outer walls , and consists of almost five million bricks . There are corner bastion s and embrasure s in the outer walls and several structures in the interior courtyards , including a 2 - story barracks . The fort was named in honor of General Duncan Lamont Clinch after his death in 1849 . General Clinch fought in the War of 1812 and was an important figure in the First and Second Seminole Wars . Confederate forces seized the fort in early 1861 . It then provided a safe haven for Confederate blockade runners during the first year of the Civil War . However , rifled cannon had rendered its brick walls obsolete and in March 1862 General Robert E . Lee ordered its abandonment , preferring not to tie up scarce troops in its defense . Federal troops re - occupied it in early 1862 . This gave the Union control of the adjacent Georgia and Florida coasts and the fort then served as the base of Union operations in the area throughout the Civil War . The fort was placed on caretaker status in 1869 and remained so until 1898 when the Army again garrisoned it during the Spanish - American War . However , the Army abandoned it again in September of the same year . The Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) began restoration during the 1930s , and in 1935 , the State of Florida bought that included the then - abandoned fort and the surrounding area . Fort Clinch State Park including the fort , opened to the public in 1938 . The fort itself was closed to the public during World War II and used as a communications and security post , but re - opened after the war ended . The fort was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 . State Park personnel reenact military life at the fort , which is open from 8 : 00am till sundown , year - round .
150th Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 150th Division was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10 , 000 men . It was a component of the 50th Army , consisting of the 448th , 449th , and 450th Regiments . Current . The current status of the unit is unknown .
1920 Jabal al - Gharbi civil war The 1920 Jabal al - Gharbi civil war was a conflict which occurred in the Nafusa Mountains and surrounding areas , in what is today the country of Libya , fought between local tribal leaders competing for political offices in the Tripolitanian Republic .
River - class minesweeper The River class was a class of minesweeper built for the British Royal Navy in the 1980s , designated Fleet Minesweepers ( MSF ) . Design . The Rivers were built with a traditional steel hull to a design based on a commercial offshore support vessel . The class was designed to be operated as deep sea team sweepers , to combat the threat posed to submarines by Soviet deep - water buoyant moored mines codenamed " Cluster Bay " . The River Class MSF was equipped with the Wire Sweep Mark 9 ( WS 9 ) which was capable of performing Extra Deep Armed Team Sweeping ( EDATS ) . Operating in pairs ( or a number of pairs in formation ) , they towed a sweep between the two ships that followed the profile of the bottom and cut the mooring wires of the mines ; these released mines would then be destroyed on the surface with gunfire . The WS 9 was able to be used for " mechanical " sweeping in this manner or " influence " sweeping whereby a transducer was towed through the water generating " noise " , both acoustic and electro - magnetic , that simulated a larger high value unit . The Rivers were also armed with a single 40 mm Bofors gun on the manually operated World War II - era Mark III mounting , and two L7 GPMGs . The concept was refined in the chartered trawlers HMS " St David " and HMS " Venturer " , and a total of twelve vessels , all named after British rivers , were constructed by Richards Shipbuilders at Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth at an approximate unit cost of £4 . 6 million . The class was designed to operate in deep water and ocean environments , if necessary for long periods of time without support . The complement was 5 officers , 7 Senior Ratings , and 16 Junior Ratings , although additional accommodation meant that a total crew of 36 could be borne for training purposes . Service history . Upon entering service they joined the 10th Mine Countermeasures Squadron based at Rosyth and eleven were assigned to various Royal Naval Reserve ( RNR ) divisions around the United Kingdom . The twelfth , , entered service with the regular Royal Navy . Following defence cuts , and were paid off in 1991 and were laid up at Portsmouth . Further cuts followed when the future of the RNR was reviewed in 1993 and as a result the entire class was withdrawn from RNR service . " Blackwater " , , and were subsequently assigned to the Northern Ireland Squadron where they replaced Ton - class vessels patrolling the province ' s waterways and participating in counter - terrorist operations in support of the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) . replaced , the last Ton - class vessel in service , as the Dartmouth Training Ship in 1994 . Ultimately , the entire class was sold to overseas navies .
First Corps , Army of Tennessee The First Corps , Army of Tennessee was a military unit that defended the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . It was an army corps within the Army of Tennessee , officially created in November 1862 and continued in existence until its surrender in April 1865 in North Carolina . It was also variously known as Polk ' s Corps , Hardee ' s Corps , and Cheatham ' s Corps . Background . The units comprising the First Corps were drawn from the organization of Department No . 2 ( or the Western Department ) of the Confederate States , which held responsibility for defending the area between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River . It contained soldiers previously from the Army of Mississippi , the predecessor of the Army of Tennessee . Command history . Command under Lt . Gen . Leonidas Polk . Lt . Gen . Leonidas Polk commanded the First Corps from November 20 , 1862 – September 29 , 1863 . He assumed command on November 26 , 1862 , and held it ( with minor interruptions ) until his relief on September 29 , 1863 , and subsequent arrest on October 23 . The First Corps participated in the Tennessee Campaign from June – October 1863 under Gen . Braxton Bragg . Major engagements under Lt . Gen . Polk : Command under Maj . Gen . B . F . Cheatham . Maj . Gen . Benjamin F . Cheatham commanded the First Corps four times , during the periods September 29 – October 23 , 1863 , from December 2 – 27 , 1863 , then August 31 – September 2 , 1864 , and lastly from September 28 , 1864 – February 23 , 1865 . This last posting was the only period which he was not in " temporary " command of the corps . Command under Lt . Gen . W . J . Hardee . Lt . Gen . William J . Hardee commanded the First Corps four times , during the periods October 23 – December 2 , 1863 , again from December 27 – August 31 , 1863 , a third time from September 2 – 28 , 1864 , and lastly from February 23 – April 26 , 1865 . On that date the corps , along with the rest of the Army of Tennessee , were surrendered by Gen . Joseph E . Johnston . Command under Maj . Gen . P . R . Cleburne . Maj . Gen . Patrick Cleburne commanded the First Corps temporarily from August 31 – September 1 , 1864 .