naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Roncesvalles ( 1813 ) The Battle of Roncesvalles ( ) ( 25 July 1813 ) was a battle between French and Anglo - Portuguese forces during the Peninsular War ( 1808 – 1814 ) . Background . After Wellington ' s decisive defeat of King Joseph at Vitoria , he advanced to capture San Sebastián and Pamplona , the last French outposts on Spanish soil . While Wellington concentrated his efforts on capturing the strategically important port of San Sebastián , he sent 11 , 000 men under the Irish - Spanish General O ' Donnell to blockade Pamplona . To prevent a French counter - attack over the Pyrenees Wellington positioned General Hill ' s Corps over a front , to cover the coastal road and the main passes over the mountains . The battle . Having rapidly rebuilt and reorganised his forces after their defeat , the French under Marshal Soult launched an attack towards Pamplona through the passes of Maya and Roncesvalles . The French force at Roncesvalles consisted of 40 , 000 men and 8 mountain guns under Generals Reille and Clausel . The pass was defended by the British 4th Division commanded by Major - General Galbraith Lowry Cole and was helped by the Portuguese 4 / 10 brigade . The French attacked from Saint - Jean - Pied - de - Port advancing in two columns either side of the pass . Clausel on the Altobiscar and Reille on the Linduz . At around 06 : 00 the two armies met . The British were badly outnumbered , Byng ' s brigade on the eastern side held Clausel ' s division at bay for three hours before being forced back . By 14 : 00 Cole brought up three more brigades as reinforcements . However around 17 : 00 a dense fog descended over the battlefield , just as the Portuguese 4 / 10 brigade repelled French attacks in the Val de Baigorry . Cole , despite orders to the contrary , ordered his troops to retreat towards Pamplona . Aftermath . The Allied forces regrouped and made a stand near the village of Sorauren at the Battle of Sorauren . Later Wellington admitted that splitting his forces in order to besiege both San Sebastián and Pamplona simultaneously was " " one of the greatest faults he ever committed in war " " . Colonel Walter O ' Hara , who fought in the battle , would name Roncesvalles Avenue in Toronto after the battle . The neighbourhood of Roncesvalles in turn gained its name from the street .
William May ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Henry May GCB GCVO ( 1849 – 1930 ) was a Royal Navy Officer who went on to be Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel . Naval career . May was educated at Eastman ' s Royal Naval Academy . He joined the Royal Navy in 1863 . He served on the Arctic expedition of 1875 to 1876 and was appointed a naval attaché in 1891 . He was appointed Rear Admiral and Director of Naval Ordnance and Torpedoes in 1901 and then Third Naval Lord and Controller of the Navy later in the year . He went on to be Commander - in - Chief of the Atlantic Fleet in 1905 and Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1907 . In 1909 he took command of the Home Fleet with as his flagship . Later in the year he became Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . He served in World War I and in 1916 was appointed to the Dardanelles Commission . He retired in 1919 .
XXVI Reserve Corps ( German Empire ) The XXVI Reserve Corps ( ) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I . Formation . XXVI Reserve Corps was formed in October 1914 . It was part of the first wave of new Corps formed at the outset of World War I consisting of XXII - XXVII Reserve Corps of 43rd - 54th Reserve Divisions ( plus 6th Bavarian Reserve Division ) . The personnel was predominantly made up of " kriegsfreiwillige " ( wartime volunteers ) who did not wait to be called up . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 18th Army , " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " on the Western Front . Structure on formation . On formation in October 1914 , XXVI Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions . but was weaker than an Active Corps In summary , XXVI Reserve Corps mobilised with 26 infantry battalions , 8 machine gun platoons ( 16 machine guns ) , 2 cavalry detachments , 18 field artillery batteries ( 72 guns ) and 2 pioneer companies . Commanders . XXVI Reserve Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
HMVS Lonsdale HMVS " Lonsdale " was a second - class torpedo boat constructed for the Victorian Naval Forces and later operated by the Commonwealth Naval Forces and the Royal Australian Navy . She was sunk on mud flats on Swan Island in Port Phillip Bay in 1912 after being stripped of equipment and machinery . Design and construction . " Lonsdale " was one of several torpedo boats ordered by the government of Victoria in 1882 to protect the colony from a possible Russian or French attack , and was built by John I . Thornycroft & Company . The torpedo boat was long , with a draught of , and a displacement of 12 . 5 tons . She was designed with a low freeboard , to minimise her profile . The boat had a maximum speed of , which she would use to close rapidly with enemy vessels before attacking . " Lonsdale " was initially armed with two 14 - inch torpedoes carried in bow recesses , and a spar torpedo , but in 1888 , she was modified to carry the two 14 - inch torpedoes in locally - developed ' dropping gear ' ; a davit - like device for lowering the torpedoes into the water for launching . She was also armed with 2 Hotchkiss machine guns . Fate . She was sunk on mud flats on Swan Island in Port Phillip in 1912 after being stripped of equipment and machinery . In 1983 , the remains of a torpedo boat likely to be " Lonsdale " were uncovered in reclaimed land in Queenscliff , Victoria , on the grounds of the Queenscliffe Maritime Museum . As of 2010 , only the boat ' s conning tower is exposed .
Paranuclear Paranuclear countries are those that have the ability to build nuclear weapon s within months . The more common term for this is " nuclear capable " — the nation chooses not to develop nuclear weapons , but has the infrastructure to do so in a short period of time . Germany and Japan are usually considered paranuclear .
Uesugi Tomooki In 1524 , Tomooki attempted to take the initiative in defending Edo Castle by marching his troops out to meet the Hōjō army in battle . However , his opponent circled around behind the sallying force , taking the castle with the help of Ōta Suketada , the castle keeper who betrayed the Uesugi to the Hōjō . Tomooki also took part in the siege of Arai in 1518 , and in the battle of Ozawahara in 1530 . Tomooki was of the Ōgigayatsu branch of the Uesugi family , not the more famous and powerful Yamanouchi branch to which Uesugi Kenshin belonged .
Alfonso de Castilla y Molina Alfonso de Castilla y Molina ( b . Valladolid , 1286 — d . Valladolid , 1291 ) was a Spanish noble in the service of the Kingdom of Castile . He was an Infante de Castilla , son of King Sancho IV de Castilla , King of Castile and of his wife , the Queen María de Molina . Family Origins . Alfonso was the son of King Sancho IV of Castile and his wife the queen , María de Molina . His paternal grandparents were Alfonso X of Castile and his wife , Violant of Hungary , herself the daughter of James I of Aragon . His maternal grandparents were the infante Alfonso de Molina , son of Alfonso IX of Leon and his third wife , Mayor Alfonso de Meneses . He was the brother of Ferdinand IV of Castile Pedro de Castilla y Molina , Felipe , Enrique de Castilla y Molina , Beatriz and Isabella , amongst others . Biography . Alfonso was born in Valladolid in 1286 . Towards the end of 1291 , King Sancho IV of Castile and Juan Núñez I de Lara , head of the House of Lara , in the effort to forge a political alliance , decided to betroth Alfonso to Juana Núñez de Lara , Juan Núñez I ' s eldest daughter . He was 5 years old at the time . Alfonso did not survive the year however and the subsequent political alliance fell apart as Juan Núñez I went into self - imposed exile and rebellion against Sancho IV . Alfonso de Castilla y Molina died in Valladolid in 1291 at five years of age . Death , Burial and Legacy . After his death , Alfonso ' s body was sepulchered at the San Pablo Church of Valladolid , one of the churches of the Dominican Order . In the Museo de Valladolid , located in the Palacio de Fabio Nelli . On display is the actual sepulcher and the clothes that the infante was buried in .
Inteligencia de la Policía Federal Argentina Inteligencia de la Policía Federal Argentina ( " Argentine Federal Police Intelligence " ) is the intelligence agency of the Policía Federal Argentina , and it is controlled by the Ministry of the Interior . Its US counterpart would the , whereas the state intelligence agency SIDE can be compared with the CIA .
Vecihi Hürkuş Vecihi Hürkuş ( 6 January 1895 - 16 July 1969 ) was the first civil aviator in Turkey . He also built the first airplane in Turkey . Born in Istanbul , he fought during World War I . When he returned to Yeşilköy he was injured . Subsequently he joined Tayyare Mektebi , the Ottoman aviation school . Soon after receiving his pilot certificate he commenced bombing and reconnaissance missions against the Russians . In one of these sortie s he shot down a Russian airplane , becoming the first Turkish pilot to bring down an enemy aircraft . He was subsequently taken prisoner by the Russians but managed to escape from Nargin island to Iran by swimming . Following his escape , he returned to Istanbul and joined the 9th combat aircraft squadron in 1918 . He designed a fighter airplane but could not finish the project due to the terms contained within the Montreux Ceasefire Agreement . During the Turkish War of Independence he shot down a Greek airplane , and made the first and last flights of the war . After the war and despite many obstacles , he designed and built his first airplane and a few other aircraft inside a converted saw mill which he had rented for that purpose . He used aircraft engines he had acquired during World War I to power the planes he manufactured . He founded " Hürkuş Havayollari " ( Freebird Airlines ) in 1954 . Firsts . Vecihi Hürkuş is Turkey ' s most celebrated aviator . He was the first Turk to : During his flying career , which spanned a period of 52 years ( 1916 – 1967 ) , Vecihi Hürkuş flew a total of 102 different models of aircraft and spent 30 , 000 hours , that is , 3 . 4 years of his life in the cockpit . In 1994 , he was honored posthumously with the International Civil Aviation Organization ' s ( ICAO ) 50th Anniversary Award ( 1944 – 1994 ) for the considerable contributions he made to the field of civil aviation in Turkey . Family . During the War of Independence , Vecihi married Hadiye , the daughter of the chief of police in Akşehir . They had two daughters , Gönül ( Hürkuş Şarman ) and Sevim ( Hürkus Maxson ) . In 1925 , he divorced Hadiye and married his childhood sweetheart İhsan . Another daughter , Perran ( Ülgen - Hürkuş ) , was born in 1927 . Legacy . The TAI Hürkuş turboprop trainer to be built by Turkish Aerospace Industries is named after Vecihi Hürkuş . See also . Freebird Airlines
First Perso - Turkic War The First Perso - Turkic War was fought during 588 - 589 between the Sassanid Persians and Hephthalite principalities and its lord the Göktürks . The conflict started with the invasion of the Persian Empire by the Turks and ended with a decisive Sassanid victory and the conquest of the Eastern Turks . Context . In 558 , Khosrau I , Shah of Sassanid Persia , allied with the Göktürks to defeat the Hephthalites . The campaign was successful and the region north of the Oxus went to the Turks and the south came under Sassanid rule . However , in the 580 ' s , the Turks once again commenced with their raids on the Silk Road and in 588 , the Hephthalites , who were now part of the Western Turkic Khaganate , invaded the empire once more . Bahram Chobin was chosen to lead an army against them . According to Shahbazi , Bahram ' s army consisted of 12 , 000 hand picked Savaran , Persia ' s elite soldiers . His army ambushed a large army of Turks and Hephthalites in April 588 , at the battle of Hyrcanian rock , and again in 589 , capturing Balkh . He then proceeded to cross the Oxus river and managed to repulse the Turkic Invasion and taking over Hephthalite territory that was occupied by the Turks . It is reputed that an arrow shot by Bahram killed the Eastern Turkic Khagan , Bagha / Yabghu Qaghan , known as Ch ' u - lo - hou by the Chinese . Ferdowsi ' s " Shahnameh " ( C . E . 1010 ) describes in legendary detail the dealings of Bahram Chubin and the Turkic " King Sawa " before and during the battle in which Bahram with his 12 , 000 kills Sawa
HMT Lord Hailsham HMT " Lord Hailsham " was a Royal Navy vessel that saw service in World War II . The ship was named after Lord Hailsham . She was a trawler converted to be used in anti - submarine warfare . She had a gun forward and 20 mm Oerlikon machine guns on the wings of the bridge , which could be used for anti - aircraft and anti - ship actions . She was also equipped with ASDIC anti - submarine sonar detection equipment , and carried up to 14 depth charges . Later on , she was equipped with a Holman Projector . A crest of the Hailsham Family was given to the ship in 1942 at the request of First Lieutenant Reginald Mortimore , and was displayed on the front of the ship ' s bridge . The ship saw action in the English Channel , and the Eastern Atlantic . She was on convoy duty when she was sunk on 27 February 1943 in Lyme Bay by German E - boats . At the time she was one of five armed ships , led by the Hunt Class destroyer HMS " Blencathra " , escorting a convoy of eight merchant vessels from South Wales to Southampton . Four of the merchant ships were also lost in the action .
Future Force Unit of Action The Future Force Unit of Action ( UA ) will be the United States Army ’ s tactical warfighting echelon . Although optimized for offensive operations , the Future Combat Systems ( FCS ) equipped Unit of Action ( UA ) will have the ability to execute a full spectrum of operations . FCS will improve the strategic deployability and operational maneuver capability of ground combat formations without sacrificing lethality or survivability . Each will consist of : See also . British Army ' s Future Army Structure ( Next Steps ) , for comparison . References . FCS White Paper , April 2008
John Becke Brigadier - General John Harold Whitworth Becke CMG DSO AFC ( 17 September 1879 – 7 February 1949 ) was an infantry officer in the Second Boer War and commander in the Royal Flying Corps during World War I . He transferred to the RAF on its creation on 1 April 1918 as a temporary Brigadier - General . He retired from the RAF in 1920 . He was born in Liverpool on 17 September 1879 and as a Captain in the Sherwood Foresters seconded to the Royal Flying Corps he was awarded his Royal Aero Club aviators certificate on 18 June 1912 flying a Bristol Biplane at Brooklands .
Ali Shamkhani Ali Shamkhani ( علی شمخانی in Persian , born 29 September 1955 ) is an Iranian rear admiral . He is the secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of Iran . Early life and education . Shamkhani was born on 29 September 1955 in Ahvaz , Khuzestan . His family are of Iranian Arab origin . He studied engineering at Ahvaz University . Career . Shamkhani served as the commander of the IRGC navy with the rank of rear admiral . Later he also commanded the Artesh navy in addition to the IRGC navy . Then he held the post of the minister of defense from August 1997 until August 2005 in the government of Mohammad Khatami . Shamkani was replaced by Mostafa Mohammad - Najjar in the post . In the 2001 presidential elections Shamkhani run for office . He was the director of the Iranian Armed Forces ' Center for Strategic Studies from 2005 to 2013 . He is also military advisor to the Supreme Leader , Ayatollah Ali Khamenei . On 10 September 2013 , Shamkhani was appointed secretary of the Supreme National Security Council by President Hassan Rouhani . Awards and honors . In 2003 , Shamkhani received Shojaat Medal , highest military medal from President Mohammad Khatami . He was also honored for his eight years service as minister of defence in 2005 . In 2004 , Shamkhani received Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud , highest Medal in Saudi Arabia from King Fahd for his prominent role in the design and implementation in developing relations with Arabic countries in the Persian Gulf . He is the first Iranian minister to received the medal .
Marc - Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy d ' Argenson Marc - Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy , comte d ' Argenson ( August 16 , 1696 , Paris – August 22 , 1764 , Paris ) was a French politician , son of the 1st Marquis d ' Argenson and the younger brother of René Louis d ’ Argenson . d ' Argenson became general lieutenant of the Paris police in 1720 , 1737 Intendand of Paris and 1743 secretary of state for war . He successfully helped Maurice de Saxe reorganizing the army , contributing to the victories of 1744 and 1745 . After the peace of Aix - la - Chapelle , he was active in improving military training and founded the École Militaire in 1751 . The Champs Élysées and the Place de la Concorde were planned by him . D ' Argenson supported the Encyclopedists of d ' Alembert and Diderot , whose first volumes were dedicated to him and provided his friend Voltaire with material for his " Siècle de Louis XIV " . A letter written by the booksellers associated with the endeavor appealing for his help in releasing Diderot from prison in 1749 can be found on the ARTFL Encyclopédie Project . He was named an honorary member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1726 and the Academy of Inscriptions in 1748 . He had to resign due the influence of Madame de Pompadour in 1757 , was confined to his country seat Ormes and returned to Paris only after the death of his powerful enemy .
Humphrey Lyons Humphrey Lyons was born at St Austins in the English county of Hampshire in 1802 , the ninth of twelve sons of John Lyons of Antigua and St Austin ' s ( 1760 - 1816 ) , and Catherine ( 1763 - 1803 ) ( née Walrond ) , daughter of Maine Swete Walrond , 5th Marquis de Vallado . He went to India where he entered the 23rd Bombay Native Infantry on May 25 , 1817 . He married in 1824 Elizabeth Bennett ( 1798 - 1859 ) , and had the following children : Humphrey married secondly in 1860 , the Hon . Adelaide Matilda Yelverton ( 1821 - 1884 ) , daughter of the 3rd Viscount Avonmore . Humphrey Lyons reached the rank of Lieutenant - General and died in 1873 , having returned to England .
Reuben Lindsay Walker Reuben Lindsay Walker ( May 29 , 1827 – June 7 , 1890 ) was a Confederate general who served in the artillery during the American Civil War . Early life . Walker was born in Logan , Virginia , ( now West Virginia ) . He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute ( VMI ) in 1845 . He then became a civil engineer , and later , a farmer in Virginia . Civil War . When the Civil War began , Walker took command of the Purcell Artillery unit . After seeing action at the First Battle of Bull Run ( First Manassas ) , Walker became the chief of artillery to General A . P . Hill . Lindsay Walker , as he was known , amassed a lengthy combat record , serving in every one of the Army of Northern Virginia ' s major battles except the Seven Days Battles ( he was ill at the time ) . He commanded artillery of Hill ' s Light Division during the Battle of Harpers Ferry and the Battle of Antietam in the Maryland Campaign . When Powell Hill was promoted to corps command , Walker became the head of the Third Corps artillery . He commanded the corps ' reserve artillery in the Battle of Gettysburg , directly commanding the battalions of Majs . David G . McIntosh and William J . Pegram . He had direct command of all the corps ' artillery battalions thereafter , including in the Overland Campaign and the Siege of Petersburg . In all , Walker served in 63 battles and engagements and was never once wounded , despite being a large target at 6 ' 4 " tall and despite often serving in very hot fighting . Walker was promoted to brigadier general on February 18 , 1865 . Postbellum career . After the war , Walker moved to Selma , Alabama , where he headed the Marine & Selma Railroad . He returned to Virginia in 1876 and became an engineer for the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad . As a civil engineer , Walker oversaw the construction of an addition to the Virginia State Penitentiary and the Texas State Capitol building . Death . Walker died in Fluvanna County , Virginia , and was buried in Richmond ' s famous Hollywood Cemetery .
List of United States Secretaries of Defense by time in office This is a list of United States Secretaries of Defense by time in office . This is based on the difference between dates ; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would be one greater . ( Note that the list of popes by length of reign use numbers of calendar days . ) Robert McNamara and Donald Rumsfeld are the only two people to have served as Secretary of Defense for more 7 years . Rumsfeld is the only Secretary of Defense ever to have served two non - consecutive terms . Elliot Richardson served as Secretary of Defense for less than four months before becoming Attorney General .
Svetlyak - class patrol boat " Svetljak " - class patrol boats ( NATO Svetlyak ) are designed to carry out a variety of missions , from patrol missions to prevent violations of maritime state border , to protect friendly vessels and facilities from enemy surface and air attacks . The " Svetljak " class consists of 3 types :
Charles Bulkeley Bulkeley - Johnson Charles Bulkeley Bulkeley - Johnson ( 1867 - 1917 ) was a British general who served in and died in World War I . The son of Francis Bulkeley - Johnson , he was born in 1867 . He graduated from the Harrow School and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . On 5 February 1887 he was commissioned into the Royal Scots Greys or 2nd Dragoons . He served in the Egyptian Army from January 1899 to January 1903 . He participated in the Nile Expedition . He also participated in operations that resulted in the defeat of the Khalifa . On 19 August 1911 , at 43 years of age , Bulkely - Johnson was appointed as the CO of the Royal Scots Greys . On 23 November 1914 he was promoted to the GOC of the 8th Cavalry Brigade of the 3rd Cavalry Division and he commanded this brigade until his death . On 11 April 1917 he died at age 49 while in action in Monchy - le - Preux , France . His burial site is the Grouy - en - Artois Communal Cemetery Extension .
Type 93 Surface - to - air missile The is a surface to air missile used by the Japanese Self - Defense Forces . It is the vehicle - borne version of the Type 91 missile . It ' s known in JSDF ranks as the Closed Arrow . Description . It was first deployed in 1993 , due to a need to replace L - 90 35mm Anti - Aircraft Twin Cannons in JGSDF service . It is typically deployed on a modified launcher " Kōkidōsha " ( military version Toyota Mega Cruiser ) with a total of 8 missiles ready to fire . Operation . The Type 93 is a vast improvement over the L - 90 as it has the ability to track down and shoot down enemy aircraft thanks to infrared homing on its system .