naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Edward Merritt Hughes Edward Merritt Hughes ( 28 January 1850 – 28 September 1903 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the Spanish - American War . Life and career . Hughes was born in Lockbourne , Ohio , the son of merchant Abram A . Hughes . He was appointed to the Naval Academy in 1866 and graduated on June 7 , 1870 . He passed through the grades of Ensign , Master , Lieutenant , Lieutenant Commander , and , on March 3 , 1901 , was commissioned Commander . After service in a number of ships and stations ashore , he reached the high point in his career during the Spanish - American War . He was Executive Officer of " Petrel " during the Battle of Manila Bay . Immediately after the action , he commanded a small boat which boarded and set fire to five Spanish ships lying in Cavite Harbor , despite reports that fuses had been set to their magazines and in the face of a large and excited armed force on shore nearby . He was advanced five numbers in rank for eminent and conspicuous conduct on this occasion . His commanding officer later wrote , " The action of Lieutenant Hughes in setting fire to the enemy ' s sunken ships in the face of a well armed superior , but demoralized force , was the one act of conspicuous gallantry which the battle that day afforded . " Commander Hughes died in the U . S . Naval Hospital in Yokohama , Japan . The destroyer USS " Hughes " was named in his honor .
Pallad grenade launcher The Pallad ( also known as the wz . 1974 ) is a 40 mm Polish under - slung grenade launcher , developed for use with the AKM assault - rifle and intended to replace the kbkg wz . 1960 grenade - launcher rifle . The name of the weapon reflects the Polish - language word for palladium . The development of the weapon drew on concepts provided by Józef Brodacki . The wz . 1983 Pallad D , the stand - alone version of the wz . 74 , features a stock and AK type pistol grip .
Fryctoria Fryctoria was a means of communication was used in Ancient Greece . The method used two sets of five torches . When a signal needed to be sent , the appropriate torches were lit and placed atop towers called " Fryktories " , and would be visible to the next tower ( usually 20 miles away ) , and then relayed to the next hill in succession . It was invented by the Greek engineers Kleoxenis and Dimoklitos in the 2nd century BC . The coding system was as follows : α β γ δ ε < br > ζ η θ ι κ < br > λ μ ν ξ ο < br > π ρ σ τ υ < br > φ χ ψ ω When they wanted to send the letter " o " ( omicron ) , they opened 5 torches on the right set and 3 torches on the left set .
Alang Fort Alang Fort ( also " Alangad " ) is a fort in Nashik district , Maharashtra , India . It is one of the three forts , the others being Madangad and Kulang , in the Kalsubai range of the Western Ghats . Alang , Madan and Kulang , the forts situated in Kalasubai range , are the most difficult forts in Nasik District . Dense forest and less population have made these treks difficult . These three forts are little neglected due to very heavy rain and difficult as well as confusing ways to go . Fascinating Spots . Top of the fort is huge plateau . There are two caves on the fort for staying and 11 water cisterns . Remnants of buildings are spread over the fort . A small temple is also seen . From the fort we can locate Kalasubai , Aundh Fort , Patta , Bitangad situated at east zone . At north side Harihar , Trymbakgad , Anjaneri are seen . To the south we can locate Harishchandragad , Aajobagad , Khutta ( pinnacle ) , Ratangad , Katrabai and surroundings . 4 hours are enough to see the fort . Ways To Reach . Igatpuri / Kasara - Ghoti - Pimpalnermor - Ambevadi . To reach Alang , one should go to Kasara or Igatpuri and then Ambevadi by the Igatpuri / Kasara - Ghoti - Pimpalnermor route . Bus facility from Ghoti to Ambevadi is also available . Ambevadi is 32 km away from Ghoti . A bus is available at 6 a . m . from Ghoti to Ambevadi . We can easily see Alang , Madan and Kulang from here . From Ambevadi , a way goes to the ridge between Alang and Madan . However this way is quite hectic . Approximately 3 hours are required to reach near the ridge . From the ridge , the fort seen on left is Alang and the one on the right is Madan . From here two ways go towards Alang . a ) One way descends from the ridge . Within 1 hour we reach at the plateau . Keep Alang at left hand and after 1 - hour walk , we reach a cavern . From here we can move further by rock climbing . Then we reach at a flat patch . Keep left and proceed towards the pinnacle . After 10 – 15 minutes we come at a cave in the fort . Time required to reach here from Ambevadi is approximately 8 – 9 hours . b ) Proceed from the ridge and after easy rock climbing we come near few steps . After ascending these steps we have to climb a broken pinnacle of 80 – 90 ft . Only trained climbers can go by this way . By this way we reach at the fort after 6 hours . Ghatghar via Ghoti - Bhandardara . Another way towards fort is from Ghatghar . Go at Ghatghar via Ghoti - Bhandardara . From here , in 2½ hours , one can come to the third cavern . Via Bhandardara from Udadvade : Other way towards fort is via Bhandardara from Udadvade gaon . It takes us at the plateau and then connects to way no . ( 2 ) . Accommodation Facility . Two caves on the fort can accommodate 30 - 40 people . Food Facility . You have to carry with your own . Drinking Water Facility . Ample water is available in reservoirs in all seasons Still , we have to carry sufficient water till we reach at the top . Time To Reach . 7 – 8 hours from Ambevadi
5th Royal Irish Lancers The 5th Royal Irish Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the British army originally formed in 1689 as James Wynne ' s Regiment of Dragoons . They fought in the Battle of the Boyne and at the Battle of Aughrim under William of Orange . Renamed the Royal Dragoons of Ireland , they went on to serve with the Duke of Marlborough during the Spanish War of Succession and earned three battle honours there . In 1751 , they were retitled 5th Regiment of Dragoons and in 1756 the 5th ( or Royal Irish ) Regiment of Dragoons . As such , they served in Ireland and were active during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 . However , they were accused of treachery ; their accusers claimed their ranks had been infiltrated by rebels . ( According to " Continental Magazine " , April 1863 , the unit refused to attack a group of rebels . ) This accusation appears to have been false , but nevertheless they were disbanded at Chatham in 1799 . Again according to " Continental Magazine " , " The circumstance was commemorated in a curious way . It was ordered that the 5th Royal Irish Light Dragoons should be erased from the records of the army list , in which a blank between the 4th and 6th Dragoons should remain forever , as a memorial of disgrace . For upward of half a century this gap remained in the army list , as anybody may see by referring to any number of that publication of half - a - dozen years back . " The regiment was reformed in 1858 , keeping its old number and title , but losing precedence , being ranked after the 17th Lancers . It was immediately converted into a lancer regiment and titled 5th ( or Royal Irish ) Regiment of Dragoons ( Lancers ) . In 1861 , it was renamed the 5th ( or Royal Irish ) Lancers and then the 5th ( Royal Irish ) Lancers . The regiment served in India and a section served in Egypt in 1885 , taking part in the battles at Suakin . It served with distinction in the Second Boer War from 1899 to 1902 , gaining battle honours at Battle of Elandslaagte and The Defence of Ladysmith . The regiment then returned to England where it stayed until the outbreak of World War I , when it became part of the British Expeditionary Force and saw action continually from 1914 to 1918 in some of the war ' s bloodiest battles . During the battle of Bourlon Wood George William Burdett Clare received the Victoria Cross posthumously . The 5th ( Royal Irish ) Lancers won a total of 20 battle honours during the Great War . The 5th ( Royal Irish ) Lancers also has the grim honour of being the regiment of the last British soldier to die in the Great War . This was Private George Edwin Ellison who was killed by a sniper as the regiment advanced into Mons a short time before the armistice came into effect . The regiment was renamed 5th Royal Irish Lancers and disbanded in 1921 , but a squadron was reconstituted in 1922 and immediately amalgamated with the 16th The Queen ' s Lancers to become the 16th / 5th Lancers ( later the 16th / 5th Queen ' s Royal Lancers ) . In 1993 , this regiment was amalgamated with the 17th / 21st Lancers to form the Queen ' s Royal Lancers . Battle honours . The regiment was awarded the following battle honours :
Killed in action Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs do not come from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes and other " non - hostile " events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front - line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Further , KIA denotes one to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for " died of wounds received in action . " However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . KIFA means " killed in flight accident " . This term is used when personnel are killed in an aerial mishap that did not result from hostile action . NATO definition . NATO defines a battle casualty as when a soldier is killed outright or who dies as a result of wounds or other injuries before reaching a medical treatment facility .
Green Clay Green Clay ( August 14 , 1757 – October 31 , 1828 ) was a United States politician and a soldier in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 . Clay was born in Powhatan County , Virginia to Charles and Martha Clay . He served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution , then moved to Kentucky , where he became a surveyor . He owned several distilleries and a tavern , as well as many ferries across the Kentucky River . He was elected Kentucky ' s representative to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1789 and later served in both houses of the Kentucky General Assembly . During the War of 1812 , Clay became a general in the Kentucky militia . In the spring of 1813 , was ordered to the aid of General William Henry Harrison , who was besieged by British forces at Fort Meigs , Ohio . He was able to fight his way into the fort ; however , many of his men were taken prisoner by Tecumseh after they had captured a British artillery battery . When the British abandoned the siege , Clay was left in command of the fort . He was still commanding when the British returned in July 1813 . In an attempt by Tecumseh to lure Clay and the garrison out of the fort , Tecumseh ' s warriors staged a mock battle , making it appear they were ambushing a column of American reinforcements . Clay was not fooled , since he knew no reinforcements were coming . He was able to hold out until the British again retreated . After the war , he returned to his plantation , and spent the rest of his life farming . He is thought to have been the wealthiest man in Kentucky of his time . He died at his home in 1828 at the age of 73 , and was buried with Masonic rites in Richmond , Kentucky . Green Clay married Sally Lewis in Kentucky in 1795 and was the father of Brutus J . Clay and Cassius Marcellus Clay . He was a cousin of Henry Clay and Alabama governor Clement Comer Clay . Clay County , Kentucky , was named in his honor .
25 mm caliber The 25 mm caliber is a specific size of cannon or autocannon ammunition . Such ammunition includes the NATO standard 25×137 mm and 25×184 mm rounds , as well as the World War II - era French designed 25×163 mm and 25×193 . 5 mm R rounds . Usage . The 25 mm round can be used in both an anti - materiel and anti - personnel fashion . When operating in the anti - personnel role , a 25 mm weapon armed with HE rounds can effectively kill large numbers of opposing troops either in the open or in light fortifications . When operating in the anti - material role , a 25 mm weapon armed with AP rounds can disable many aircraft and vehicles , including some main battle tank s . The US military uses 25 mm weapons in their AV - 8B Harrier , AC - 130 gunship , M2 Bradley , LAV - 25 , F - 35 Lightning II and as a standard ship - based munition in the Mk 38 autocannon . Types of 25 mm ammunition . Several sub - types of the NATO 25 mm ammunition are available — the most common being armor piercing , high explosive , sabot , tracer , and practice rounds . Cartridge s are usually composed of a combination of the aforementioned categories . For example , the M791 pictured to the right is an armor - piercing discarding sabot with tracer ( APDS - T ) round . It is used against lightly armored vehicles , self - propelled artillery , and aerial targets such as helicopter s and slow - moving fixed - wing aircraft . 25 mm weapons . Each weapon is listed with its cartridge type appended .
James William Abert James William Abert ( November 18 , 1820 – August 10 , 1897 ) was an American soldier , explorer , ornithologist and topographical artist . Early life . Abert , the son of John James Abert , was born in Mount Holly Township , New Jersey , and graduated from West Point in 1842 . Military career . Abert joined the Corps of Topographical Engineers , which was headed by his father , in 1843 . He joined several expeditions into the west , including John Frémont ' s third expedition , and illustrated these expeditions reports with his sketches . He was also put in charge of a detachment to map the Canadian River . In 1846 he was sent west to join the army of General Kearney in the war against Mexico , returning to Fort Leavenworth in the following year . It was during this time that he acquired a new species of bird , which was named the Abert ' s Towhee in his honour . During the American Civil War , he served on the staffs of Robert Patterson , Nathaniel P . Banks and Quincy A . Gillmore . He was wounded during the Maryland Campaign , and retired from the Army in June 1864 . Later life . After the Civil War , he became a professor of English literature , mathematics and drawing at the University of Missouri . His original watercolors are now privately owned .
Jack Farr Colonel Jack Farr was an Army reserve officer , specializing in military intelligence , who was deployed to the camp Camp Delta at the U . S . naval base at Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . Colonel Farr was the fourth serviceman charged with violating security procedures at Guantanamo detention base . The others were Captain James Yee , a Muslim chaplain , and Ahmed F . Mehalba , Arabic translator s . Farr was charged with “ wrongfully transporting classified material without the proper security container on or around October 11 ” , and lying to investigators . During a formal hearing , a U . S . Army Brigadier General threw out the charge of lying to investigators by stating that he had studied all the evidence and concluded that he did not believe that Colonel Farr lied to anyone about anything with regard to this matter . The General also dismissed the other charges against Colonel Farr . Because Farr did not represent a " flight risk " he was not arrested or suspended . In contrast to Farr , Yee and Ahmad were held in solitary confinement .
Pembela Tanah Air PETA ( Indonesian : " Pembela Tanah Air " - Defenders of the Homeland ) or was an Indonesian volunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in Indonesia by the occupying Japanese . The Japanese intended PETA to assist their forces oppose a possible invasion by the Allies . By the end of the war , there were a total of 69 battalions ( " daidan " ) in Java ( around 37 , 000 men ) and Sumatra ( approximately 20 , 000 men ) . On 17 August 1945 , the day after the Indonesian Declaration of Independence , the Japanese ordered the PETA " daidan " to surrender and hand over their weapons , which most of them did . The Indonesian Republic ' s newly declared President , Sukarno , supported the dissolution rather than turn the organisation into a national army as he feared allegations of collaboration had he allowed a Japanese - created militia to continue in existence . During the Indonesian National Revolution , former PETA officers and troops , such as Suharto and Sudirman , formed the core of the fledgling Indonesia armed forces .
Royal Naval Hospital A Royal Naval Hospital ( RNH ) was a hospital operated by the British Royal Navy . No Royal Naval Hospitals survive as such , although some have become civilian hospitals and one remains as a tri - service military hospital . Royal Naval Hospitals included :
40th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 40th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was one of the new army or Kitchener ' s Army brigades , and assigned to the 13th ( Western ) Division and served in the Gallipoli and the Mesopotamian campaign during the First World War .
STORMBREW STORMBREW is a secret internet surveillance program of the National Security Agency ( NSA ) of the United States . It was disclosed in the summer of 2013 as part of the leaks by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden . STORMBREW is an umbrella program involving surveillance of telecommunications . It falls under the category of " upstream collection , " meaning that data is pulled directly from fiber - optic cables and top - level communications infrastructure . There is also a SIGAD of the same name , which is described as a " key corporate partner . " A map shows that the collection is done entirely within the United States . This corporate partner has servers in Washington , California , Texas , Florida , and in or around New York , Virginia , and Pennsylvania . Upstream collection programs allow access to very high volumes of data , and most of the pre - selection is done by the providers themselves , before the data is passed on to the NSA . The FY 2013 budget for STORMBREW is $ 46 . 06 million . STORMBREW consists of the following SIGAD s : " Note : SIGADs not otherwise designated are presumed to operate under the legal authority of Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act ( FAA ) "
205th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 205th Infantry Division ( German : " 205 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a German division during the Second World War . Initially formed as the 14th Militia Division ( German : " 14 . Landwehr - Division " ) , the division was mobilized a few days before the invasion of Poland in 1939 , and remained on garrison duty in Germany throughout that campaign . It was the only " Landwehr " unit mobilized during 1939 - 1945 ( others that were mobilized were reorganized as 3rd - Wave - style divisions ) , though the 97th " Landwehr " Division had been mobilized for the 1938 Anschluss . It was renamed the 205th Infantry Division on January 1 , 1940 and sent to France near the end of the western campaign . It was demobilized in July , but mobilized again in early 1941 , and served as a garrison against potential any Allied invasion until early 1942 . It was then sent to the Russian Front , where it served with Army Group Center in the " little Stalingrad " at Velikiye Luki over the winter of 1942 - 1943 . The division was transferred to Army Group North in late 1943 and eventually trapped in the Courland Pocket , where it surrendered to the Soviets in 1945 . References . Note : The Web references may require you to follow links to cover the unit ' s entire history .
Thomas Kantakouzenos Thomas Kantakouzenos ( died 25 July 1463 ) was a Byzantine aristocrat and a member of the family of the Kantakouzenos . He fought as a general on behalf of medieval Serbia in the 15th century . Life . The Byzantinist Donald Nicol , who researched the family ' s history , categorically identifies him as the brother of George Palaiologos Kantakouzenos ; Giovanni Musachi makes him the brother of Irene Kantakouzene , wife of Serbia n Despot Đurađ Branković , but incorrectly states Thomas was the son of the Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos , an error DuCange repeats . Instead , he is more probably the son of Demetrios I Kantakouzenos . He was one of the many Greeks who entered the service of Despot Đurađ Branković following his marriage to Irene Kantakouzene in 1414 . Documents fromDubrovnik show he was present at the Despot ' s court in 1433 and 1435 . In 1439 he took part in the defense of the Castle of Smederevo against the Ottoman Turks ; the historian Doukas records that when the castle fell after a siege of three months , the defenders who subsequently did homage to Sultan Murad II included Branković ' s son Grgur and Thomas Kantakouzenos . Despite this ceremony , Kantakouzenos carried on the fight on behalf of his brother - in - law , leading the Despot ' s army to victory over the Kral of Bosnia , Stephen Thomas , on 16 September 1448 , which restored Srebrnica to Serbian rule . In 1452 he led another Serbian army that invaded the Principality of Zeta , but was routed on 14 September by Voivode Stefan Crnojevic . Despite his position , following Đurađ Branković ' s death Thomas was unable to shield his sister Irene from the cruelty of her son Lazar . On the night of Irene ' s death , 3 May 1457 , he fled from Smederevo to Ottoman - ruled Adrianople with his niece Mara Branković and his blinded nephew Grgur . Thomas was summoned to appear in court in Ragusa on 11 August 1459 and 18 March 1462 , but Nicol doubts he answered the summons . The Serbian Annals record his death on 25 July 1463 , immediately after the fall of the Serbian Despotate to the Ottomans .