naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ten percent plan During the American Civil War in December 1863 , Abraham Lincoln offered a model for reinstatement of Southern states called the 10 percent Reconstruction plan . It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 % of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U . S . and pledged to abide by emancipation . Voters could then elect delegates to draft revised state constitutions and establish new state governments . All southerners except for high - ranking Confederate army officers and government officials would be granted a full pardon . Lincoln guaranteed southerners that he would protect their private property , though not their slaves . By 1864 , Louisiana , Tennessee , and Arkansas had established fully functioning Unionist governments . This policy was meant to shorten the war by offering a moderate peace plan . It was also intended to further his emancipation policy by insisting that the new governments abolished slavery . Congress reacted sharply to this proclamation of Lincoln ' s plan . Most moderate Republicans in Congress supported the president ’ s proposal for Reconstruction because they wanted to bring a quick end to the war , but other Republicans feared that the planter aristocracy would be restored and the blacks would be forced back into slavery . Lincoln ' s reconstructive policy toward the South was lenient because he wanted to popularize his Emancipation Proclamation . Lincoln feared that compelling enforcement of the proclamation could lead to the defeat of the Republican Party in the election of 1864 , and that popular Democrats could overturn his proclamation . Some Republicans pushed through Congress the Wade - Davis Bill in July 1864 , which outlined more stringent requirements for re - admission . This was pocket - veto ed by Lincoln after it passed . The Radical Republicans opposed Lincoln ' s plan , as they thought it too lenient towards the South . They feared that Lincoln ’ s plan for Reconstruction was not harsh enough , believing that the South needed to be punished for causing the war . These Radical Republicans hoped to control the Reconstruction process , transform southern society , disband the planter aristocracy , redistribute land , develop industry , and guarantee civil liberties for former slaves . Although the Radical Republicans were the minority party in Congress , they managed to sway many moderates in the postwar years and came to dominate Congress in later sessions . In the summer of 1864 , the Radical Republicans passed the Wade - Davis Bill to counter Lincoln ’ s Ten - Percent Plan .
S - 200 Angara / Vega / Dubna The NPO Almaz S - 200 " Angara / Vega / Dubna ( Russian Ангара \ Вега \ Дубна ) , NATO reporting name SA - 5 " Gammon , is a very long range , medium - to - high altitude surface - to - air missile ( SAM ) system designed in the 1960s to defend large areas from bomber attack or other strategic aircraft . Each battalion has 6 single - rail missile launchers for the 10 . 72 m ( 35 ft ) long missiles and a fire control radar . It can be linked to other , longer - range radar systems . Description . The first S - 200 operational regiments were deployed in 1966 with 18 sites and 342 launchers in service by the end of the year . By 1966 , the S - 200 was officially accepted into service in order to replace the failed anti - ballistic missile RZ - 25 / 5V11 " Dal " . The Dal was assigned the NATO reporting name SA - 5 " Griffon " before it was cancelled . By 1968 there were 40 sites , and by 1969 there were 60 sites . The growth in numbers then gradually increased throughout the 1970s and early 1980s until the peak of 130 sites and 1 , 950 launchers was reached in 1985 . Missiles . Each missile is launched by 4 solid - fueled strap - on rocket boosters . After they burn out and drop away ( between 3 to 5 . 1 seconds from launch ) it fires a 5D67 liquid fueled sustainer rocket engine ( for 51 – 150 seconds ) which burns a fuel called TG - 02 Samin ( 50 % xylidine and 50 % triethylamine ) , oxidized by an oxidizing agent called AK - 27P Melange ( fuming nitric acid enriched with nitrogen oxides , phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid ) . Maximum range is between 150 and 300 km ( 81 and 162 nmi ) , depending on the model . The missile uses radio illumination mid - course correction to fly towards the target with a terminal semi - active radar homing phase . Maximum target speed is around Mach 4 . Effective altitude is 300 to 20 , 000 m ( 1 , 000 to 65 , 600 ft ) for early models and up to 35 , 000 m ( 115 , 000 ft ) for later models . The warhead is either 217 kg ( 478 lb ) high explosive fragmentation ( 16 , 000 × 2 g fragmentation pellets and 21 , 000 × 3 . 5 g pellets ) triggered by radar proximity fuse or command signal , or a 25 kt nuclear warhead triggered by command signal only . Each missile weighs around 7018 kg ( 15 , 500 lb ) at takeoff . The system utilises radio semi active guidance with mid - course correction and has , for the first time in a Russia n system , terminal active radar homing , which is far more accurate at long range than the command guidance method used by the S - 75 Dvina and other missiles . The existence of an optional terminal passive radar homing mode for use against AEW aircraft remains unconfirmed . Peak missile speed is around Mach 8 and the single - shot kill probability is quoted as 0 . 85 , presumably against a high altitude bomber - type target . Main radar system . The fire control radar of the S - 200 system is the 5N62 ( NATO : Square Pair ) CW H band radar , whose range is 270 km ( 168 mi ) . It is used for both the tracking of targets and their illumination . Versions . Iran claims to have developed a mobile launcher for the system .
HMS Victorious ( S29 ) HMS Victorious is the second of the Royal Navy . " Victorious " carries the Trident ballistic missile , the UK ' s nuclear deterrent . " Victorious " was built at Barrow - in - Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd ( now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions ) , was launched in September 1993 , and commissioned in January 1995 . She has two crews , " Port " and " Starboard " . Operational history . In November 2000 , while travelling on the surface , " Victorious " grounded on Skelmorlie Bank in the upper Firth of Clyde in Scotland . " Victorious " was involved in a minor collision with a United States Coast Guard ship in July 2001 . The Coast Guard ship became tangled in the fibre optic cables of the submarine ' s sonar system which disabled its turbines . " Victorious " was not damaged in the incident . She became the second of the class to refit , during which time she was fitted with a ' Core H ' reactor core ensuring that the boat will not need to refuel again until the end of its service life . In 2008 , she underwent sea trials before resuming patrols in 2009 . In 2013 , Victorious became the first UK SSBN to complete the 100th deterrent patrol .
Constantine Maleinos Constantine Maleinos ( ) was a prominent Byzantine general of the mid - 10th century . Biography . Constantine was born in the late 9th or 10th century , probably in his family ' s estates in Cappadocia . His father was Eudokimos Maleinos , a member of the powerful aristocratic Maleinos clan , and his mother Anastaso Adralestina , a relative to the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos ( r . 920 – 944 ) . He had six siblings , amongst whom the monk and saint Michael Maleinos and an unnamed sister , who married the general Bardas Phokas the Elder and cemented close ties with the powerful Phokas clan . The sources on his career are scant , and come mostly from references in the hagiography of his brother Michael . He held the rank of " patrikios " and in 955 he succeeded his nephew Leo Phokas as governor ( " strategos " ) of the theme of Cappadocia . Likely due to his experience , but also his connection to the Phokades ( his nephew Nikephoros Phokas was emperor in 963 – 969 ) , he occupied this important post he held for many years , possibly as late as the time of his death in circa 968 . During this time , he was active in the campaigns against the Arabs , especially the confrontations with the Hamdanid emir of Aleppo , Sayf al - Daula . Thus in November 960 he participated , under the command of Leo Phokas , in the great Byzantine victory over Sayf at the Battle of Andrassos . He is also usually identified with the " ibn al - Mala ’ ini " of Arab accounts , who was defeated by Sayf at Iconium in 962 . Constantine Maleinos had a son , Eustathios Maleinos , who became a distinguished general and one of the Byzantine Empire ' s wealthiest men , playing a leading role in the rebellion of Bardas Phokas the Younger against Emperor Basil II ( r . 976 – 1025 ) .
Robert Cutler Robert Cutler ( 1895 – 1974 ) was a U . S . government official . He was the first person appointed to the newly created position of National Security Advisor during the Eisenhower Administration , serving between 1953 and 1955 , and again from 1957 to 1958 . A graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School he became an attorney and bank executive in Boston , Massachusetts before taking public office . Cutler was also very involved with the Army during his career . He served as an infantry officer in World War I , and acted under Secretary of War Henry L . Stimson during World War II . Cutler was an amateur writer ; he was Class Poet at Harvard , and authored two novels — " Louisburg Square " ( 1917 ) and " The Speckled Bird " ( 1923 ) — by the time he received his degree . An autobiography , " No Time for Rest " , was released in 1966 . Cutler ' s brother , Elliott Carr Cutler , was a professor at the Harvard Medical School and a famous surgeon . His maternal relatives , the Carrs , were a prominent political and mercantile family in Bangor , Maine
Al - Maajala camp attack The al - Majalah camp attack occurred on December 17 , 2009 , when Yemeni ground forces attacked an alleged training camp in Al - Majalah , Abyan , killing 24 – 50 , including 14 women and 21 children . Background . Since 2006 , al - Qaeda had managed to regroup and grow stronger as Yemen ' s government struggles to hold on to its territory amid multiple rebellions and rising poverty . The attack . The al - Majalah camp attack took place on December 17 , 2009 , when Yemeni ground forces attacked an alleged training camp in Al - Majalah , Abyan , killing 24 – 50 , including 14 women and 21 children . Yemeni forces also carried out raids in Sana ' a ( arresting 13 ) and Arhab ( killing 4 and arresting 4 ) . Alleged US involvement . According to ABC News , American cruise missiles were also part of the raids . The U . S . denied they were involved in the strikes , despite accusations from Amnesty International . Aftermath . A primary target in the attacks — Qasim al - Raymi , the al - Qaeda leader who was believed to be behind a 2007 bombing in central Yemen , that killed seven Spanish tourists and two Yemenis — survived the attack . Reports of a U . S . role , and mass civilian casualties at the sites of the attacks , have sparked a public outcry and added to anti - American sentiments across the country .
Richard Harry Heslop Major Richard Harry Heslop ( 23 January 1907 - 17 January 1973 ) , DSO was a British agent for the Special Operations Executive during World War II . He worked for the French section of the organisation , and under the codename Xavier , was the organiser of the Marksman circuit .
Denis Rixson Air Commodore Denis Fenn Rixson CVO OBE DFC AFC ( 12 December 1918 – 10 December 1994 ) was a British pilot during World War II and a senior Royal Air Force officer in the post - war years and a Commandant Royal Observer Corps . During World War II , he was the Officer Commanding No . 113 Squadron .
James W . Cooke James Wallace Cooke ( 1812 - 1869 ) was an American naval officer , serving in the United States Navy and during the American Civil War serving in the Confederate Navy . Pre - war life . James Wallace Cooke was born in Beaufort , North Carolina , and was orphaned at the age of 4 . In 1828 , with the help of his uncle , he was appointed to the United States Navy as a Midshipman . In May 1861 , while holding the rank of Lieutenant , he resigned his U . S . commission . Civil War service . At the start of the Civil War in 1861 Cooke joined the Virginia State Navy , and entered the service of the Confederacy in the following June . Later that year he was placed in command of the small gunboat CSS " Ellis " , and was captured with her after a hard fight near Roanoke Island , North Carolina on February 10 , 1862 . Wounded in that action and soon paroled , he was promoted to commander in June 1862 . Commander Cooke ' s next assignment was to oversee the construction of the ironclad ram CSS " Albemarle " , under construction at " Edward ' s Ferry " near modern day Scotland Neck , North Carolina , from January 1863 . After many difficulties , " Albemarle " was successfully completed in April 1864 , and Cooke became her commanding officer . On April 19 and May 5 , he took her into action against Federal forces , sinking one gunboat and disabling or driving off others . That June he was promoted to the rank of captain and was later placed in charge of Confederate navel forces on North Carolina ' s internal waters , holding that position until the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Late life and death . James W . Cooke died at Portsmouth , Virginia in 1869 .
USS Elfrida ( SP - 988 ) USS " Elfrida " , later USS " Elfrida " ( SP - 988 ) , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1898 to 1918 . She served in the Spanish - American War and World War I . Construction , acquisition , and commissioning . " Elfrida " was built as a steel schooner of the same name in 1889 by Harlan and Hollingsworth at Wilmington , Delaware , for use as a private yacht . The U . S . Navy purchased her on 15 June 1898 for use as a patrol yacht in the Spanish - American War . After fitting out at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn , New York , she was commissioned on 30 June 1898 as USS " Elfrida " with Lieutenant M . A . Orlopp in command . United States Navy service . Based in New York City , " Elfrida " patrolled along the Connecticut coast and in the New York City area for the rest of the Spanish - American War , which ended on 12 August 1898 . With the war over , she was decommissioned on 14 September 1898 . " Elfrida " was recommissioned on 29 April 1899 and loaned to the Connecticut Naval Militia to train United States Naval Reserve personnel . She was transferred to the New Jersey Militia in 1900 , but in 1902 returned to her duties with the Connecticut Naval Militia . She was returned to the Navy and decommissioned on 27 June 1908 . In 1909 , the Navy loaned " Elfrida " to the North Carolina Naval Militia . She arrived at New Bern , North Carolina , on 26 July 1909 and was recommissioned on 20 August 1909 . After the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917 , " Elfrida " was returned to the Navy , which gave her the section patrol number 988 and put her into service as the section patrol boat USS " Elfrida " ( SP - 988 ) . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , she was placed in charge of a fleet of Navy motorboats tending the submarine net s at the York River Upper Barrier in Virginia . During a voyage from Norfolk , Virginia , to Yorktown , Virginia , an accidental explosion on board " Elfrida " killed one man and seriously injured two others on 25 August 1917 . Disposal . The Navy ordered " Elfrida " to be demobilized at the end of 1917 . She was decommissioned for the last time on 31 March 1918 and sold on 11 May 1918 .
Richard Reimann Richard Reimann ( 2 November 1892 – 28 October 1970 ) was a highly decorated General der Flakartillerie in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Richard Reimann was captured by American forces on 8 May 1945 . He was later handed over to Soviet forces and held until 1955 .
First Army ( Greece ) The Greek First Army ( , " Proti Stratia " ) , is the highest formation of the Hellenic Army and its only extant field army . The First Army was created in March 1947 , during the Greek Civil War . It controlled the II and III Corps , with Volos as its headquarters . It was abolished on 10 February 1948 , and re - established in 1951 with its HQ at Larissa , where it remains to this day . Its CO is always a Lieutenant General . Emblem and Motto . The emblem of the 1st Army is an Ancient Macedonian shield , emblazoned with the sun of Vergina . It symbolizes determination , strength and the will of the First Army . The motto is " As long as ( the sun ) follows his course " ( , " est ' an ( o ilios ) tin aftin odon ii " ) . Before the Battle of Plataea , Mardonius offered the Athenians peace terms , with the hope of dividing the Greek forces . The Athenians responded with " As long as the sun follows his course , as he does now , we shall not come to a compromise with Xerxes " .
Dagsnäs Castle Dagsnäs Castle is a castle in Sweden , located 9 kilometers south of Skara at Lake Hornborga . Over the years several runestone s from the region have been moved to the castle grounds , including Vg 59 from Norra Härene , Vg 67 from Saleby , Vg 122 from Abrahamstorp , Vg 184 from Smula , and Vg 186 from Timmele .
War of 1812 Museum ( Plattsburgh ) The War of 1812 museum is a museum in Plattsburgh , New York dedicated to exploring the causes and effects of the War of 1812 and the Battle of Plattsburgh . The museum is run by the Battle of Plattsburgh Association . The building has an Interpretive Center that features artifacts and graphic panels centered around a diorama depicting the battle . It also contains an exhibition area with rotating exhibits about the War of 1812 . The museum hosts the Key Bank Gallery , which contains the paintings " Close Action " by Dean Mosher , and " Battle of Lake Champlain " by Julian Oliver Davidson . The museum is the caretaker of the original bronze plaques from the " Soldiers and Sailors Monument " on nearby Crab Island which are also on display in the gallery and were re - dedicated there in 2006 . Group tours are available by appointment . A History Shop sells War of 1812 related items .
No . 102 Squadron RAAF No . 102 Squadron was a Royal Australian Air Force heavy bomber squadron of World War II . The Squadron was only active for less than nine months before being disbanded . No . 102 Squadron was formed at Cecil Plains on 31 May 1945 . The Squadron ' s B - 24 Liberator bombers arrived in July . While the Squadron began training on these aircraft , the war ended before it reached operational status . Following the end of the war the Squadron operated in the transport role before being disbanded on 19 March 1946 .
Type 500 training mine Type 500 training mine was jointly developed by Fengxi Machinery Factory ( 汾西机器厂 ) and the First Division of the People ’ s Liberation Army Naval Air Force . This training mine is very similar to the Training - 1 training bottom mine except that Type 500 training mine can be planted by aircraft . Like the Training - 1 training bottom mine , this mine can also be rapidly converted into live round by adopting warheads on regular mines .
Combined Services Entertainment The Combined Services Entertainment ( CSE ) is the live entertainment arm of the Services Sound and Vision Corporation ( SSVC ) , a registered British charity . It is the official provider of live entertainment to the British Armed Forces . CSE routinely sends tours of entertainment to Afghanistan , Cyprus , Oman , the Falkland Islands and to Royal Navy ships deployed worldwide . History . The CSE is the successor to the Entertainments National Service Association ( ENSA ) . Originally , it was called the Central Pool of Artists . It emerged during and after the Second World War as the British Armed Forces ' concert party . Artists . Artists who began their careers in the Central Pool of Artists , and later the CSE , included Kenneth Williams , Spike Milligan , Stanley Baxter , Ken Platt and Peter Nichols . Peter Nichols later adapted his experiences into a stage play ( and later film ) called " Privates on Parade " . This in turn inspired the long - running BBC TV comedy series " It Ain ' t Half Hot Mum " . Over the past decade , James Fox has undertaken many CSE tours to entertain British troops on active service in Afghanistan , Bosnia , The Falkland Islands and Iraq . In recognition of this , he was twice invited to perform at the Royal Albert Hall before the Queen as part of the Festival of Remembrance . In 2004 , he presented a film highlighting the work of CSE before his performance .
Émile Armand Gibon Émile Armand Gibon ( 1813 – 1870 ) ( Commander of the Légion d ' Honneur ) was a French General born in Quimper ( Département du Finistère , Brittany , France ) on 15 September 1813 . He served in Algeria , Crimea and France from 1836 to 1870 . Military career . Emile Armand Gibon started his military career as a simple soldier at the 41st Line Infantry Regiment of Brest ( Brittany ) under the command of his own father who was commanding the very same regiment . After climbing through the ranks , he became officer on April 25 , 1836 . He served in Algeria at the Tirailleur Battalion of Oran . Because of his courage in action , he was admitted to the Légion d ' Honneur on August 12 , 1845 and promoted Commander on May 29 , 1849 . He then served in Crimea and took part at the Battle of Alma on September 20 , 1854 . Battalion Commander on February 9 , 1855 in front of Sebastopol he received a citation order to the Armée d ' Orient and got awarded the rank of Officer of the Légion d ' Honneur and Commander of the same Order on April 17 , 1866 . On 18 June 1859 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel at the 70th Infantry Regiment . He was then Nicknamed " The Intrepid " by the Chief of Staff as recalled " Léon Guérin " in his book " " Histoire de la Derniere Guerre de Russie " " ( History of the Last Russian War ) . General Mac Mahon ( Later Président of the French Républic 1873 - 1879 ) transferred him personally to the First Grenadier Regiment of the Imperial Guard , the elite regiment of the French Army . Colonel at the 25th Infantry Regiment on March 14 , 1863 he fought during the 1870 War at Rezonville , St Privat , Servigny , Woippy and Landonchamps where he served under General Julius Richardson de Marguenat . After the death of the later , he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General . On 7 October 1870 at the Battle of Bellevue , he charged in front of the 25th and 26th Regiments and was gravely wounded in battle . Gibon was highly appreciated and trusted by his superiors , officers and soldiers for his bravery in action , competency in military tactics and very warm relationships with his men of all nationalities . He died from his wounds on October 19 , 1870 and was buried at the Woippy cemetery . Family . Emile Armand was from a family with long tradition of military officers . Son of a French Colonel Jean Gibon ( 1775 – 1842 ) ( Commander of the Légion d ’ Honneur , Knight of the Empire and Commanding officer at the 37th and 41st Light Infantry Regiment ) and Théodore Eléonore de Pestel . At the age of 47 , Gibon married in Paris 7 , a young 20 year old English woman from Lancaster County named Hélene Ord . She gave him 3 children : The Gibon ' s branch of the general has since changed its name to Gibon - Guilhem and is still well represented in France . The general ' s latest descendant carrying his name was born in 2011 . Gibon died on 19 October 1870 .