naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Aimpoint AB Aimpoint AB is a Swedish optics company manufacturing red dot sight s for civilian , police and military use . The most popular model is the CompM2 , currently used by numerous armed forces around the world . Company . The Aimpoint AB is a manufacturing company founded in 1974 and is based in Malmö , Sweden . Their primary products are reflector ( or reflex ) sights , specifically the red dot sight sub - type . In 1975 they introduced their first commercial product , the " " Aimpoint Electronic " " red dot sight , based on a design by Helsingborg engineer John Arne Ingemund Ekstrand . This is claimed to be the first light - emitting diode " red dot " reflector sight ever manufactured . They currently offer many product lines based on this technology as well as accessories . In 1997 Aimpoint was awarded the first multi - year military contract ever for a red dot sighting system when the US Army purchased their Aimpoint CompM2 , designated the “ M68 Close Combat Optic ” . Products . Aimpoint currently sells a large line of red dot sights marketed to hunters , marksmens , law - enforcement agencies , and military organizations all over the world . More than 500 , 000 Aimpoint sights are in military service today . All of their products use non - magnifying optical collimators ( reflector or " reflex " sights ) along with battery powered light - emitting diodes to produce a red aiming point . Some models come in sub - types with lenses added to give them a low magnification . Many sights utilize a type of mangin mirror system , consisting of a meniscus lens corrector element combined with the semi - reflective mirror ( what Aimpoint ' s advertising calls a " " two lens " " or " " double lens " " system ) , that compensates for off axis spherical aberration , an error that can cause the dot position to diverge off the sight ' s optical axis with change in eye position . Some sights also offer some correction for parallax via having the aiming dot focused at a distance of 50 yards . Aimpoint markets their sights as " parallax free " , but this seems to refer to their off - axis spherical aberration correction system . Aimpoints , like all other collimated sight systems , induce some parallax at different ranges due to the nature of the collimator . Current Aimpoint models . CET models . These models use Aimpoints " Circuit Efficiency Technology " ( CET ) diode circuitry , a low power consumption system : ACET models . These models use Aimpoints " Advanced Circuit Efficiency Technology " ( ACET ) diode circuitry , a newer low power consumption system introduced in 2005 : Featured behind an eotech .
FV438 Swingfire The FV438 Swingfire was an armoured anti - tank vehicle of the British Army . It was derived from the FV430 series of vehicles by converting the FV432 to accommodate a launcher for Swingfire anti - tank guided missile s . It had two firing bins and could carry fourteen missiles , which could be reloaded from inside the vehicle . Instead of using the mounted guidance system a control unit could be deployed and the missiles aimed and fired from up to 100 metres away , allowing the vehicle to remain completely hidden from the enemy ; the Swingfire missile was capable of making a ninety - degree turn immediately after firing . When it first came into use in the 1970s , the FV438s were operated by specialised anti - tank units of the [ British Infantry and Royal Armoured Corp ) . The role was transferred to the Royal Artillery in the mid 1980s , and the FV438s were taken into service as guided - weapon troops of armoured regiments , nine vehicles to a regiment .
Bernhard Woldenga Oberst Bernhard Woldenga was born 4 December 1901 in Hamburg and died 19 January 1999 . During World War II Woldenga served in the Luftwaffe commanding the JG 27 and JG 77 fighter wings . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Woldenga ' s career started as a captain in the merchant marine . He started his flight training in 1928 and warked as chief pilot for the FVK Warnemünde . He transferred to the newly emerging Luftwaffe , taking command as " Gruppenkommandeur " of the I . / Jagdgeschwader 131 ( JG 131 ) — later renamed to I . / Jagdgeschwader 1 ( JG 1 ) — on 1 April 1937 . With this unit he participated in the invasion of Poland in 1939 . He surrender command of the " Gruppe " on 1 February 1940 and was transferred to the " Reichsluftfahrtministerium " . He briefly led Jagdgeschwader 27 ( JG 27 ) on the Channel Front from 11 October to 22 October 1940 before he was made " Geschwaderkommodore " of Jagdgeschwader 77 ( JG 77 ) . JG 77 distinguished itself under his leadership in the Balkans Campaign and invasion of Crete . JG 77 claimed 50 aerial victories , 114 ground victories , sank 5 fast attack crafts and of merchant shipping . Woldenga himself flew numerous ground support missions . He received the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes " ) for these accomplishments . He again took command of JG 27 on 21 June 1941 on the Russian front during Operation Barbarossa and claimed 4 aerial victories . He relocated the Geschwaderstab to North Africa in December 1941 . He was appointed " Fliegerführer Balkan " on 10 June 1942 . His last service position of the war was commander of the " Luftkriegschule " 10 in Fürstenwalde near Berlin . He is credited with three aerial victories of which 2 were claimed on the Eastern front .
Operation Blackstone Operation Blackstone was a part of Operation Torch , Allied landings in Africa during World War II . This supporting mission was the American capture of the French port of Safi in French Morocco on the morning of 8 November 1942 as part of a larger operation to capture Casablanca in Morocco . The unit responsible for the operation was the US 47th Infantry Regiment . The landings from converted destroyers were mostly successful . They were initially conducted without covering fire , hoping that the French might not resist at all . When coastal batteries opened fire , the fleet returned fire . When commanding General Harmon arrived French snipers had pinned the assault troops ( most of whom were in combat for the first time ) on the beaches . Most of the landings occurred behind schedule ; air support from the carriers destroyed a French convoy of trucks intended to reinforce the defenses . Safi surrendered on the afternoon of November 8 . By November 10 the remaining defenders were pinned down and the bulk of Harmon ' s forces raced to join the siege of Casablanca . The Vichy French soldiers surrendered .
Vickers Vespa The Vickers Vespa was a British army co - operation biplane designed and built by Vickers Limited in the 1920s . While not adopted by Britain ' s Royal Air Force , small numbers were brought by the Irish Free State and Bolivia , the latter of which used the type during the Chaco War . One modified Vespa was used to set a world altitude record of 43 , 976 ft ( 13 , 407 m ) in September 1932 . Design and development . The Vespa was designed by Vickers as a private venture to meet the requirements of Air Ministry Specification 30 / 24 the first prototype , the Vespa I being flown in September 1925 . The Vespa , which was a single - engine biplane with a slim fuselage suspended between closely spaced and highly staggered two - bay wooden wings , was delivered for evaluation by the Royal Air Force , but crash landed owing to engine trouble on 24 June 1926 and was badly damaged . It was then rebuilt with steel , fabric - covered wings as the Vespa II , but this was unsuccessful in getting orders from the RAF . It did , however , attract attention from Bolivia , which ordered six Vespa IIIs , an improved all metal version , in 1928 , and the Irish Free State , which ordered four Vespa IVs in 1929 and a further four Vespa Vs in 1930 . The prototype Vespa was modified as the Vespa VI for demonstration to the Central Chinese government , but was not purchased , so was returned to Britain . It was rebuilt as the Vespa VII , with a supercharged Bristol Pegasus S engine for an attempt on the world altitude record , setting a record of 43 , 976 ft ( 13 , 407 m ) on 16 September 1932 . Operational history . Six Vespa IIIs were delivered to Bolivia in 1928 , where they were mainly used as operational conversion aircraft , although they did see limited use in the Chaco War as reconnaissance and long range bombers , these aircraft operated at low altitude rather than the high altitude that Bolivia ' s Vespas were optimised for . They remained in service until 1935 . The eight Irish Vespas remained in service for several years , operating from the Irish Air Corps base at Baldonnel , near Dublin , with the last being written off on 12 June 1940 .
50th Virginia Infantry The 50th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia and in Tennessee . The 50th Virginia was organized in July 1861 , with ten companies and three companies of cavalry temporarily attached . The regiment partificated in the Battle of Carnifex Ferry on 10 September 1861 ; afterwards one of the cavalry companies was disabled and the other two transferred to the 8th Regiment Virginia Cavalry . The unit was reorganized in May 1862 , with nine companies . It moved to Tennessee and in February 1862 , was captured at Fort Donelson . After being exchanged , it was assigned to the Department of Western Virginia and fought in Gen . Wm . W . Loring ' s Kanawha Valley Campaign of 1862 and participated in the capture of Charleston , Virginia ( now , West Virginia ) on 13 September 1862 . Later the 50th served in J . M . Jones ' , G . C . Wharton ' s , and Forsberg ' s Brigade , Army of Northern Virginia . It participated in numerous conflicts from Chancellorsville to Cold Harbor , moved with Early to the Shenandoah Valley , and fought its last battle at Waynesboro . The regiment reported 10 killed and 40 wounded at Fort Donelson , and there were 8 killed and 110 wounded at Chancellorsville . More than forty percent of the 240 engaged at Gettysburg were disabled , and it sustained heavy casualties in the fight at The Wilderness . During April 1865 , it disbanded . The field officers were Colonels Thomas Poage , Alexander W . Reynolds , and A . S . Vandeventer ; Lieutenant Colonels William W . Finney and Logan H . N . Salyer ; and Majors Lynville J . Perkins and C . E . Thorburn .
Future of the French Navy The French Navy is undertaking a significant reinforcement , both in modernising and in number , under the " Projet de loi de programmation militaire 2003 – 2008 " ( " Military programme law project 2003 – 2008 " ) , which notably includes : The equipment will also be modernised , notably
Battle of Atoleiros The Battle of Atoleiros ( ) took place on 6 April 1384 , between a Portuguese force and a punitive expedition from Castile sent by John I . The battle took place near the population centre of the same name in Alentejo . It was the first major battle of the 1383 – 1385 Crisis . Nuno Álvares Pereira had been chosen to protect the frontier in this area , amid fear that a Castilian force could enter Portugal here . He left Lisbon with 1 , 000 infantry , adding to the strength of his forces on his way to Atoleiros . The Castilian army consisted of some 6 , 000 men , mostly cavalry , which was besieging the village of Fronteira . As Pereira approached , the Castilians sent an emissary to him , attempting to persuade him to retire . He refused , and the Castilians advanced to meet him , lifting the siege . The Portuguese formed a defensive square . In the short battle that followed , the Castilian cavalry was unable to break the Portuguese formation , suffering heavy losses . The Portuguese suffered none , and the Castilians withdrew . The battle of Atoleiros represents the first effective use of “ square tactics ” on the battleground . This tactic , in which groups of infantry armed with both missile and hand - to - hand weapons defended themselves from all directions , was so successful that it was still in use over 500 years later during the Napoleonic Wars against mass French cavalry attacks , and during the Zulu War against huge masses of predominantly spear - armed infantry . It was especially effective when the infantry had to fight against strong cavalry .
256th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 256 . Infanterie - Division was a German Infantry division in World War II . They formed on August 1939 as part of the 4 . Welle ( wave ) . The division was destroyed at Vitebsk in June 1944 . The remnants formed Divisions - Gruppe 256 which was assigned to Korps - Abteilung H . The division was raised in " Wehrkreis IV " ( Dresden ) on 26 August 1939 . The division is shipped to Poland ( " Protektorat Böhmen - Mären " ) as occupation force . The division was to remain there in that role until November 1939 after which it ' s transported to Lippstadt , western Germany , in order to commence training for the attack on France and the Low Countries in 1940 ( Fall Gelb ) Just before the attack on May 10 , the division was moved to the town of Kleve on the Dutch border where it was attached to the XXVI Corps under " General der Artillerie " Albert Wodrig , which was itself part of " Heeresgruppe B " ( Army Group ) under General - Oberst Fedor von Bock . Attached with the 256th Infantry Division in the XXVI Corps were the 254th Division and the so - called SS - VT ( SS " Verfügungstruppe " ) . The latter would later be renamed the SS - Panzer Division ' Das Reich ' . Area of operations . On the morning of May 10 , the 256th Division got the order to break through the Dutch border defense , take the bridge at Gennep and push through to the Peel / Raam defensive line at Mill . Though making good progress in the beginning , it turned out that the bridge at Gennep was the only ' bigger ' road bridge which was taken intact , making a speedy transportation of troops almost impossible . This led to the 256th Division coming to Mill in pieces after which heavy fighting ensued for almost 48 hours . You can read more about this battle and the run - up to it on this Dutch page : De Slag om Mill . General von Bock visited the destroyed defensive line around Mill on May 11 . After the Dutch defense had finally been broken , the SS division moved slightly north - east after which they participated in the most famous Dutch battle at the " Grebbeberg " . The 256th continued to fight along the line ' s Hertogenbosch , Tilburg , south of Breda , Braschaat , Antwerpen and then on to the Nieuwpoort / Dunkirk area where they sealed the sailiant around the last harbour used to evacuate retreating French and British forces At the beginning of the second phase of Fall Gelb , the division was ordered to stay in the Nieuwpoort / Dunkirk area and later to Bretange where it stayed as an occupation force until February 1941 . After the division was transferred to East - Poland in order to prepare for battles on the Eastern Front , it was put on the frontline for operation Barbarossa
1st Army Aviation Brigade ( Greece ) The 1st Army Aviation Brigade ( - 1η ΤΑΞΑΣ , " 1 Taxiarhia Aeroporias Stratou - 1 TAXAS " ) is the Hellenic Army ' s army aviation formation . History . In August , 1950 , the first Αrmy Aviation unit was created , belonging to Artillery , the " 190th Air Observation Unit " , based at Megara airport . Also , few years later , a special Air Observation School was created in order to provide training , in parallel with the establishment of other support units . At that time , the unit ' s main activities included target detection for Artillery units and light transportation . One of the most important dates was 1961 , when the first helicopters , the Bell 47G , were delivered , marking the eve of new era , that of air assault and medium transportation . The modernization continued with the acquisition of UH - 1s in 1969 , CH - 47s in 1981 and recently with the delivery of the AH - 64D and NH - 90 . Structure . 1st Army Aviation Brigade based at Stefanovikio , Thessaly
Treaty of Paris ( 1810 ) The Treaty of Paris , signed on January 6 , 1810 , ended the war between France and Sweden after Sweden ' s defeat by Russia , an ally of France , in the Finnish War of 1808 - 1809 . Russia had previously been an ally of Sweden in the Third and Fourth Coalitions against France , but after Russia ' s defeat at Friedland , she joined France and attacked Sweden so as to compel her to join Napoleon ' s Continental System . Indeed , the primary result of the treaty was Sweden ' s agreement to join the Continental System , so that Sweden would not trade with the UK . Shortly after the treaty was signed , on August 21 , 1810 , one of Napoleon ' s marshals , Jean - Baptiste Bernadotte , was elected crown prince of Sweden , and he went on to found the House of Bernadotte , which remains the Royal House of Sweden . The peace resulting from the treaty lasted until Napoleon ' s refusal to permit Sweden to annex Norway , which was then under the sovereignty of Denmark , an ally of France . This was followed in January 1812 by French occupation of Swedish Pomerania for violation of the Continental System , since Sweden was still trading with the UK , and , in April , Sweden ' s conclusion of the Treaty of Petersburg with Russia against France .
645th Radar Squadron The 645th Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 20th Air Division , Aerospace Defense Command , stationed at Patrick Air Force Base , Florida . It was inactivated on 1 April 1976 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Lineage Assignments Stations Notes
29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ( United States ) The 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is an Infantry brigade of the United States Army National Guard of Hawaii . History . The 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is the largest unit in the Hawaii Army National Guard ( HI ARNG ) . Since 1995 , the brigade has been one of the nation ' s 15 enhanced readiness brigades . This distinction means that the 29th must be trained and equipped to deploy within 90 days of a federal call - up . The brigade has become a pan - Pacific brigade with units located on the islands of Hawaii , Maui , Oahu , Molokai , and Kauai ; in the states of Arizona , California , Minnesota , and Oregon ; and , on the Pacific islands of American Samoa and Guam , and the Northern Mariana Islands . The brigade consists of units that span the State of Hawaii . Its Headquarters and Headquarters Company , 229th Military Intelligence Company , and 29th Support Battalion are located on Oahu at its Kalaeloa facilities , formerly known as Barbers Point Naval Air Station . The bulk of the 227th Engineer Company ' s heavy engineering equipment which is so vital in war and during times of natural disaster is located in the HI ARNG ' s Pearl City complex on Oahu . A combat engineering detachment is situated in the community of Keaau on the island of Hawaii . The brigade ' s 1st Battalion , 487th Field Artillery can be found on the outskirts of Wahiawa in Central Oahu . The units of the brigade ' s 1st Squadron , 299th Cavalry , are strategically located in communities throughout the state . The battalion ' s headquarters and headquarters company is located in Hilo , Hawaii , with a scout platoon detached to Kaunakakai , Molokai . The bulk of the battalion ' s Company A is located on Kauai in Kapaa , with a detachment in Hanapepe . Company B of the battalion is similarly split between the communities of Kealakekua and Honokaa on the island of Hawaii . Companies C and D are located in Kahului , Maui , and Wahiawa , Oahu , respectively . Upon federal mobilization , the brigade ' s strength would increase as it is augmented by the 1st Battalion , 158th Infantry Regiment of the Arizona Army National Guard ( ARNG ) , 1st Battalion , 184th Infantry of the California Army National Guard ( ARNG ) , the 100th Battalion , 442nd Infantry of the U . S . Army Reserves ( with units from the island of Oahu , Guam , and American Samoa ) , Troop F , 82nd Cavalry ( Ground ) of the Oregon ARNG , and Battery E , 216th Air Defense Artillery of the Minnesota ARNG . On 20 July 2004 more than 2 , 100 soldiers were ordered to report for active duty 16 August 2004 , about a month earlier than expected , to begin preparations for a year of combat duty in Iraq . With six months of training time on the mainland and at least a year in Iraq , the Hawaii soldiers will be away at least 18 months . By late February 2005 the 29th Brigade replaced the 81st Brigade of the Washington Army National Guard , whose major elements are north of Baghdad in Balad .
Folland Aircraft Folland Aircraft was a British aircraft manufacturing company which was active between 1937 and 1963 . History . British Marine Aircraft Limited was formed in February 1936 to produce Sikorsky S - 42 - A flying boat s under licence in the UK . The company built a factory on the western side of the Hamble peninsula with a slipway to Southampton Water . Although the construction of one Sikorsky based aircraft was started at Hamble the company was suffering losses and mergers with other British aircraft companies were considered by the liquidators including one with Westland Aircraft which was not concluded . Following failure of the Westland deal the liquidators appointed a new management board in May 1937 to stem the losses and re - organise the company which was renamed later in 1937 to Folland Aircraft Company after Henry P . Folland the company ' s managing director and aircraft designer . Folland began aircraft assembly at Hamble making parts for Bristol Blenheim and Beaufort bombers . Follands also made 15 , 000 rear portions out of the 22 , 000 constructed for the Supermarine Spitfire . Folland later took on sub - contract work making parts for de Havilland Mosquito s and Vickers Wellington s . The first aircraft of its own design to fly was the Folland Fo . 108 in 1940 . Designed and built to meet the Air Ministry Specification 43 / 47 for a flying engine testbed it was generally known as the 43 / 47 or by the nickname " Folland Frightful " from its unusual appearance . The Folland F . 115 and F . 116 designs were tendered to meet Specification E . 28 / 40 for a research aircraft to investigate the issues of landing weight for aircraft operating from carriers . The F . 116 design was powered by a Centaurus radial and used a variable incidence wing on an airframe estimated at around 18 , 250 lb ( 8 , 300 kg ) . Two prototypes were ordered but the project was cancelled in 1943 as most of the problems had already been overcome , and neither prototype was completed . W . E . W . Petter , who had designed the Westland Lysander , English Electric Canberra and English Electric Lightning , joined the company as managing director in 1950 . He designed the Folland Midge prototype lightweight jet fighter which first flew 11 August 1954 . This was followed by the Folland Gnat advanced training jet ( 18 July 1955 ) . Both were built at Hamble until the 1960s . Follands also used an airfield at Chilbolton formerly RAF Chilbolton where they Flight Tested the Folland Midge and Folland Gnat . In 1959 Folland was acquired by Hawker Siddeley who dropped the Folland name in 1963 . Ultimately , Folland became part of British Aerospace ( BAe ) . Although Hamble airfield closed in 1986 , BAe continued to use the premises there for the production of major assemblies for Harrier and Hawk jets . Sport . The factory also had its own football team created by the workers in 1938 , the team is still playing under the name of GE Hamble F . C . , the name of the new parent company that now own the factory .