naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Joseph Hanks ( Medal of Honor ) Joseph Hanks ( March 22 , 1843 – December 28 1922 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22 , 1863 . Union assault . On May 22 , 1863 , General Ulysses S . Grant ordered an assault on the Confederate heights at Vicksburg , Mississippi . The plan called for a storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack . The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called , in nineteenth century vernacular , a " forlorn hope " . Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then , twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away . The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment . The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross . Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body , the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall . Of the 150 men in the storming party , nearly half were killed . Seventy - nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . Voluntarily and under fire went to the rescue of a wounded comrade lying between the lines , gave him water , and brought him off the field .
Vavuniya Airport Vavuniya Airport ( , ) is an air force base and domestic airport in Vavuniya in northern Sri Lanka . Located approximately south of the centre of Vavuniya , the airport is also known as SLAF Vavuniya . Originally built by the Royal Air Force during World War II , it was taken over by the Sri Lanka Air Force in 1978 . History . During World War II the British Royal Air Force built an airfield in Vavuniya in northern Ceylon . A number of RAF squadrons ( 17 , 22 , 47 , 60 , 89 , 132 , 176 , 217 ) and other units were stationed at the airfield during and immediately after the war . The airfield was also used by the Fleet Air Arm . A Sri Lanka Air Force detachment moved onto the site on 1 August 1978 . The airfield become one of the air force ' s air bases . The airport is part of a large military complex in Vavuniya that includes Security Forces Headquarters - Wanni .
SS Lulworth Hill SS " Lulworth Hill " was a British cargo ship completed by William Hamilton & Co in Port Glasgow on the Firth of Clyde in 1940 . " Lulworth Hill " had a single 520 NHP triple - expansion steam engine driving a single screw . She had eight corrugated furnaces heating two 225 lb / in single - ended boilers with a combined heating surface of , plus one auxiliary boiler . She was owned by Dorset Steamships Co Ltd and managed by Counties Ship Management Co Ltd of London ( CSM ) , both of which were offshoots of the Rethymnis & Kulukundis shipbroking company . She was a sister ship of , , and , which were also managed by CSM but owned by other R & K companies . Sinking . The Italian navy submarine " Leonardo da Vinci " torpedoed the " Lulworth Hill " in the South Atlantic on 19 March 1943 . 14 survivors made it onto a life raft . One source , seemingly quoting one of only three men to survive the sinking and subsequent ordeal on the life raft , states that the Germans surfaced and machine gunned the survivors ; however , this is unlikely as the submarine was not German and the only other survivor of the life raft , in his book of the events , made no such accusation . The " Leonardo da Vinci " captured and took on board one survivor of the sinking , James Leslie Hull . After 29 days the UK authorities assumed that the " Lulworth Hill " had been lost with all hands and duly informed their families . On 7 May the Royal Navy R - class destroyer picked up one of the " Lulworth Hill " ' s liferafts . Of the 14 men that had survived the sinking , after 50 days adrift only two , Seaman Shipwright ( " i . e . " carpenter ) Kenneth Cooke and Able Seaman Colin Armitage , remained alive . On 7 December 1943 both men were awarded the George Medal and on 7 November 1944 the Lloyd ' s War Medal for Bravery at Sea . In 1985 a radio interview was broadcast in which Cooke described their ordeal and survival . On 23 May 1943 " Leonardo da Vinci " was in the North Atlantic returning from patrol west of Vigo , Spain when the Royal Navy destroyer depth charge d and sank her . There were no survivors . James Hull , the prisoner from " Lulworth Hill " , had previously been transferred to the Italian submarine " Finzi " . Replacement ship . In 1947 Dorset Steamships bought the Empire ship SS " Empire Mandarin " and renamed her " Lulworth Hill " . In 1949 she was renamed " Castle Hill " . In 1950 she was transferred to a new Rethymnis & Kulukundis company , London & Overseas Freighters Ltd , who renamed her " London Builder " . LOF sold her in 1951 to new owners who registered her under the Panamanian flag of convenience as " Silver Wake " . She changed owners and names several more times , becoming " Navarino " in 1954 , " Stanhope " in 1955 and " Ardbrae " in 1961 . She was scrapped at Onomichi , Japan in 1966 .
383d Bombardment Group The 383d Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Army Service Forces , being stationed at Camp Azna , California . It was inactivated on 3 January 1946 . The unit was initially a World War II B - 17 Flying Fortress and B - 24 Liberator operational training unit ( OTU ) . Redesignated as a replacement training unit ( RTU ) in October 1943 . Inactivated in April 1944 when Second Air Force switched to B - 29 Superfortress training . Late in the war the group was reactivated and trained as a Very Heavy ( VH ) B - 29 Superfortress group and assigned to Eighth Air Force in Okinawa . However , the war ended before the group could enter combat . History . The 383d Bombardment Group ( Heavy ) was constituted on 28 October 1942 at Salt Lake City AAB , Utah , and activated on 3 November 1942 . The 383d was assigned to Second Air Force as an operational training unit for B - 17 Flying Fortress and B - 24 Liberator flight crews , first at Rapid City AAF , South Dakota , then later at Geiger AAF , in Washington . With the phasedown of B - 17 / B - 24 training , the 383d was inactivated on 1 April 1944 . However , the unit was reactivated on 28 August as the 383d Bombardment Group ( Very Heavy ) and programmed as a B - 29 Superfortress group for the Pacific Theater at Dalhart AAF , Texas . Shortages of B - 29s for training caused the group to remain in the United States for almost a year until finally it deployed to Okinawa in August 1944 to be part of Eighth Air Force in the Pacific . However , the war ended before the group could enter combat . Reassigned to Twentieth Air Force in September 1945 , the group flew a few training missions from Okinawa until being returned to the United States for demobilization in December . The 383d Bomb Group was inactivated on 3 January 1946 .
French fluyt Étoile ( 1767 ) The Étoile ( " " Star " " ) was a fluyt famous for being one of Louis Antoine de Bougainville ' s ships in his circumnavigation between 1766 and 1769 , along with " La Boudeuse " . She was commanded by Francois Chenard de la Giraudais , and was the storeship of the expedition . She carried naturalist and physician Philibert Commerçon , astronomer Pierre - Antoine Veron , and Jeanne Baré who is recognized as the first woman to have completed a voyage of circumnavigation . During much of the voyage , she was disguised as a man .
Walther Wever ( pilot ) Walther Wever ( 16 January 1923 – 10 April 1945 ) was a German Luftwaffe flying ace during the Second World War . The son of former Chief of the Luftwaffe General Walther Wever , Wever served during 1943 on the Eastern Front and from 19 June 1943 until 10 April 1945 he claimed 44 kills from 250 missions . < ref name = " www . luftwaffe . cz / wever " > Aces of the Luftwaffe " Walther Wever " retrieved on April 22 , 2007 < / ref > He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . Career . Notable landmarks during this career include his 10th kill on 1 September , followed four days later by shooting down three Il - 2 Sturmoviks in five minutes . On 29 March 1944 he claimed a further five kills , then on 24 June he shot down his 40th kill , and on 10 July Wever lost a foot after being himself shot down by Russian forces on the ground . Nevertheless , Wever continued to fly and was decorated on 28 January 1945 for reaching the final total of 44 kills , before transfer to a new combat group and further training on the Me 262 . On 10 April 1945 , having not scored another kill , Wever was shot down and killed by Allied fighters near Neuruppin .
Chief of Air Staff ( India ) The head of the Indian Air Force is known as the Chief of the Air Staff ( currently Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne ) . The position was held by an Air Commodore ( 1919 - 1923 ) , by an Air Vice - Marshal ( 1923 - 1929 ) and by an Air Marshal ( 1929 - 1965 ) . In 1965 , the position was upgraded to that of an Air Chief Marshal . The highest rank in the IAF is Marshal of the Air Force , which is conferred by the President of India only in exceptional circumstances . It has only been given once in January , 2002 to Arjan Singh . The rank is equal to five star General and a Field Marshal in the Army . Air Chiefs ( 1919 - 1947 ) . The following list includes not only those officers who held the appointment of Chief of the Air Staff , but also the preceding commanders of the Indian Air Force . Air Chiefs ( 1947 - present ) . Marshal of the Air Force . Only once has this rank ever been given :
USS LST - 528 USS " Catahoula Parish " ( LST - 528 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Catahoula Parish , Louisiana , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . LST - 528 was laid down on 13 November 1943 at Jeffersonville , Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company ; launched on 11 January 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Madge Medlock Watt ; and commissioned on 29 February 1944 . Service history . During World War II , LST - 528 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944 . She returned to the United States and was placed in reserve in Florida until the outbreak of the Korean War . During the war , she was part of a six - ship flotilla which took supplies to Thule , Greenland , where the US Air Force was building a base . LST - 528 was under the command of Dallas Grenley at that time . LST - 528 was decommissioned in March , 1954 . The ship was named USS " Catahoula Parish " ( LST - 528 ) on 1 July 1955 . She was struck from the Navy list on 21 November 1960 , and sold to the Marquette Cement Company for conversion to a bulk cement carrier . LST - 528 earned one battle star for World War II service .
Aeronca L - 16 The Aeronca L - 16 was a United States Army liaison aircraft . It saw extensive service during the Korean War . It was essentially a militarized version of the Aeronca Champion . From 1955 large numbers were transferred to the Civil Air Patrol . Operators . United States
4th ( Waikato ) Mounted Rifles The 4th ( Waikato ) Mounted Rifles was formed on March 17 , 1911 . They were mobilised during World War I and formed part of the Auckland Mounted Rifle Regiment , and served in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I and first saw action during the Battle of Gallipoli . As a part of the larger New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade ( of the ANZAC Mounted Division ) they went on to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . Between the Wars . They were renamed the 4th New Zealand Mounted Rifles ( Waikato ) in 1921 and later still Waikato Mounted Rifles , which was absorbed into the 1st Armoured Regiment , on the 29 March 1944 .
Xaver Bittl Franz Xaver Bittl ( 18 November 1915 – 31 May 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Xaver Bittl died from wounds on 31 May 1944 in Riga , Latvia
Munday ' s 1st Battalion Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry Munday ' s 1st Battalion Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Munday ' s 1st Battalion Kentucky Cavalry was organized at Lexington , Kentucky in December 1861 and mustered in for three years under the command of Major Reuben Munday . The regiment was attached to 12th Brigade , Army of the Ohio , to February 1862 . 7th Division , Army of the Ohio , to October 1862 . Munday ' s 1st Battalion Kentucky Cavalry ceased when it was assigned to the 6th Kentucky Cavalry as Companies A , B , C , D , and E in October 1862 . Detailed service . Ordered to Lebanon , Kentucky , then to London January 8 , 1862 . Expedition from central Kentucky to the Cumberland River January 31 - February 12 . Flat Lick Ford , Cumberland River , February 14 . Cumberland Gap Campaign March 28 - June 18 . Occupation of Cumberland Gap June 18 to September 17 . Tazewell , Tennessee July 26 . Operations about Cumberland Gap August 2 – 17 . Tazewell August 6 . Rogers ' Gap August 16 . Pine Mountain August 17 . Red Bird Creek August 25 . Richmond , Kentucky , August 30 . Retreat from Cumberland Gap to the Ohio River September 17 - October 3 .
USS Dutton ( AGS - 8 ) USS " Dutton " ( AGSC - 8 / AGS - 8 ) , originally PCS - 1396 , was a built for the United States Navy during World War II that was later converted into a survey ship . She was the first US Navy ship to named in honor of Benjamin Dutton , Jr . " PCS - 1396 " was launched 7 August 1943 by South Coast Co . , Newport Beach , California ; sponsored by Miss Cynthia A . Gaffney ; and commissioned 29 March 1944 , Lieutenant F . E . Sturmer , USNR , in command . She was reclassified AGS - 8 , 20 March 1945 , and assigned the name " Dutton " 4 days later . She was redesignated AGSC - 8 on 29 July 1946 . " PCS - 1396 " sailed from San Pedro , California , 4 May 1944 , and arrived off newly assaulted Saipan 17 June to screen the transport areas and give escort service in the Marianas operations . On 29 August she rescued four Marines from the waters off Tinian . She returned to base at Pearl Harbor 15 October for overhaul . She got underway 22 January 1945 to escort an LST group on its slow trip across the Pacific for the landings on Iwo Jima 19 February . She continued her service in this operation with surveying and patrol duty . On 1 April she took part in the invasion of Okinawa . Remaining off the bitterly contested island , by day she conducted surveys to determine suitable landing beaches for amphibious craft ; by night she guarded against suicide boats and swimmers . On 27 May a Japanese plane crashed the ship , carrying away part of the bridge , blowing one of her crew overboard , and holing her , fortunately above the water line . She underwent temporary repairs at Kerama Retto , then sailed to San Pedro Bay , Leyte , for permanent repairs . " Dutton " served in the Far East until returning to San Diego 20 January 1946 . In the summer of that year she took part in Operation Crossroads , the atomic weapons tests at Bikini . Between 3 February and 13 September 1947 " Dutton " conducted surveys of the waters surrounding Truk . She sailed for the east coast 11 July 1948 , and after preparation at Naval Station Norfolk , joined Hydrographic Survey Group I which put out from New York City 9 September for the Persian Gulf . " Dutton " surveyed uncharted or poorly known waters off Kuwait and Bahrain until her return to Norfolk 2 June 1949 . She was decommissioned at New York 26 August 1949 , and sold 21 February 1950 . " Dutton " received three battle star s for World War II service .
FV107 Scimitar FV107 Scimitar is an armoured reconnaissance vehicle ( sometimes classed as a light tank ) used by the British Army . It is very similar to the FV101 Scorpion but mounts a high velocity 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon instead of a 76 mm cannon . It was issued to Royal Armoured Corps , Armoured Regiments in the Reconnaissance role . Each Regiment had a Close Reconnaissance Squadron of 5 Troops of 8 FV107 Scimitar . Development . The FV107 Scimitar is one of the CVR ( T ) series of vehicles and entered service in 1971 . Initially the engine was the Jaguar J60 4 . 2 litre 6 cylinder petrol engine the same as used by several Jaguar cars . This has now been replaced by a Cummins BTA 5 . 9 diesel engine in British Army Scimitars , under the CVR ( T ) Life Extension Program ( LEP ) . Combat history . Along with the FV101 Scorpion , the Scimitar saw active service with the Blues and Royals in the Falklands War of 1982 . Their light aluminium construction and low ground pressure gave them excellent manoeuvrability even in the boggiest terrain . During the Battle of Wireless Ridge , Scimitars proved highly effective against several Argentine bunker positions with 30 mm cannon fire , and provided good intelligence on enemy positions by using their night sights . It was also used by British forces on UN and NATO peacekeeping duties in the Former Yugoslavia , Iraq and is currently being used in Afghanistan . The Scimitar is used by the five formation reconnaissance regiment s of the British Army . Each regiment has three squadrons each of 12 Scimitars , The Household Cavalry Regiment has an extra squadron to support 16 Air Assault Brigade . Operators . It is also used by the Royal Air Force , in the Bomb Disposal role , giving protection to crews clearing unexploded ordnance . In this employment , the 30mm Rarden gun is used for " projectile attack " ( shooting at unexploded bombs to destroy them ) . The Scimitar is due to be withdrawn from service starting in 2013 .
Battleplan Battleplan is a military television documentary series examing various military strategies used in modern warfare since World War I . It is shown on the Military Channel in the U . S . and UKTV History . Each episode looks at particular military strategy – or " battleplan " – through two well - known historical examples , gauging them against the ideal requirements necessary to successfully conduct that strategy . All the episodes use examples from modern warfare , dating from the First World War ( 1914 – 18 ) up to the recent Iraq War ( 2003 ) . Lloyd Clark ( Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ) and Bruce Gudmundsson ( US Army War College ) analyze the information and talk about it on the show . DVD release . The Region 1 DVD collection of five discs was released November 6 , 2007 . It has a listed running time of 1080 min . The Amazon Standard Identification Number is B000WC38N2 .
Battle of Jaffna ( 1995 ) The Battle of Jaffna was a battle fought from October to December 1995 for the city of Jaffna . Battle . The city of Jaffna had been for years a major stronghold of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) . The Tigers viewed the city as the capital of their new independent state . The city was briefly recaptured by the Indian army in 1987 but was later captured again by the Tigers . The new president of Sri Lanka , Kumaratunga , initially wanted to resolve all difference with the Tamils by peaceful means but the army pressured her to order an offensive against the LTTE . On October 17 , 1995 , 10 , 000 SLA soldiers attacked the city and in a 50 - day siege that lasted until December 5 , 1995 , up to 500 soldiers and 2 , 000 rebels were killed . In the end the army managed to take the city and the peninsula from the Tigers , thus cripling the LTTE , however most of the LTTE forces managed to retreat into the jungle . Aftermath . Initially the Army stated that the battle for Jaffna ended the war and the LTTE will never again be able to fight major battles against the government . It was believed that the insurgency was at its end . However this was not the case , which was apparent when the LTTE attacked an army detachment in Batticaloa district December 23 , killing 33 troops . Military sources reported that more than 60 rebels were killed . Over the next seven months the LTTE reorganised and regrouped and in July 1996 , the rebels launched Operation Unceasing Waves , which was the codename for the attack on the military base at Mullaitivu . More than 1 , 200 soldiers were killed and the base was destroyed .
War wagon The war wagon was a medieval development during the Hussite Wars around 1420 by Hussite forces rebelling in Bohemia . It was a heavy wagon given protective sides with firing slits and heavy firepower from either a cannon or a force of hand - gunners and crossbowmen , supported by infantry using pikes and flails . Groups of them could form defensive works , but they also were used as hardpoints for Hussite formations or as firepower in pincer movements . This early use of gunpowder and innovative tactics helped a largely peasant infantry stave off attacks by the Holy Roman Empire larger forces of mounted knights . The war wagon is similar to the Korean Hwacha , which was first produced in 1407 by the order of " King Sejong the Great " during the early Joseon Dynasty .
Corporal of the field Corporal of the field is a former military rank . The rank is mentioned in William Shakspeare ' s " Love ' s Labour ' s Lost " and Ben Jonson ' s " The New Inn " . The rank was formerly of an officer in one source equivalent to a " captain of horse " or a brigade major or aide - de - camp A corporal of the field served as an aide to a staff officer or sergeant major .
John Noland John Noland ( 1844 – June 25 , 1908 ) was a black man who fought for the Confederate States of America with William Quantrill , and helped scout Lawrence , Kansas , before the raid by Quantrill ' s men in 1863 . Noland may have claimed the Lawrence raid began before he returned from scouting the town . Post - war pictures show him sitting with his comrades at reunions of the Raiders . Noland tried to attend most of the reunions and was popular among other Quantrill veterans , who described him as " a man among men . " In the 1999 movie " Ride with the Devil " , depicting a group of fictionalized Missouri bushwhackers similar to those of Quantrill ' s Raiders , the character of Daniel Holt was representative of Quantrill ' s John Noland . The film depicted the black Confederate even though his awkwardness in fighting for the Southern Cause is also evident . The film also shows the fictional Holt participating in Quantrill ' s raid on Lawrence , Kansas .
Solre - sur - Sambre Castle Solre - sur - Sambre Castle ( ) is a castle in Solre - sur - Sambre in the municipality of Erquelinnes , province of Hainaut , Belgium . The castle was built around the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries and retains much of the medieval structure . It is the property of the Princes de Merode .
Honour Chevron for the Old Guard The Honour Chevron for the Old Guard , ( ) , was a Nazi Party decoration worn by members of the SS . The silver chevron , which was worn on the upper sleeve on the right arm , was authorised by Adolf Hitler in February 1934 . All members of the SS , who had joined the " Allgemeine - SS " , NSDAP or any other party organisation prior to 30 January 1933 were entitled to wear the insignia . After the " Anschluss " in Austria , the Nazi Party authorized that the award could be worn by all Austrians who had joined the Austrian " National Socialist Workers ' Party " ( DNSAP ) prior to 18 February 1938 . Qualification was later extended to include any SS personnel who were former members of Nazi Security services , the " Ordnungspolizei " and " Wehrmacht " , if they fulfilled certain conditions . Those who wore the chevron were nicknamed " Winkelträger " ( ) in German . This referred to the shape of the chevron and also that " Winkelträger " were supporting the regime , just as a bracket supports a shelf .