naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Free and high fief of Zuid - Polsbroek The Free and high Fief of Zuid - Polsbroek ( Dutch : " vrije en hoge heerlijkheid " ) was a " semi - sovereign " or ' free and high ' fief , now part of Polsbroek in the Dutch province of Utrecht . History of the semisouverain fief . Zuid - Polsbroek , or Polsbroek , was an " allodium " and a " free and high heerlijkheid " , a type of local jurisdiction with many rights . Since 1155 the lords of Polsbroek are able to speak the high ( " blood court " ) middle and low justice over their territory . Zuid - Polsbroek was a half - independent ( " semi - sovereign " ) entity of the provinces Holland or Utrecht , like the larger Barony of IJsselstein to the east . During the late middleages it became unsure if Zuid - Polsbroek belong to the States of Holland or to the province ( unie ) of Utrecht . Polsbroek paid their dutys to the States of Holland . When the French introduced the municipal system in the Netherlands in 1807 , the rights of the " heerlijkheid " were largely abolished , although the " heerlijkheid " itself existed until the early 20th century . The fief of ( Zuid - ) Polsbroek was first ruled by the Lords of Arkel since the early 11th century . In later years Polsbroek was ruled by the lords of Woerden van Vliet ( until 1423 ) , Viscounts of Montfoort ( 1423 - 1481 / 82 ) , Lords of Bergen from the House of Glymes ( 1481 / 82 until 1566 ) , the House of Ligne ( from 1566 to 1568 ) and their following House of Arenberg - Ligne ( from 1568 to 1610 ) . Since 1610 the " heerlijkheid " was a possession of the regenten family De Graeff from Amsterdam . When the French introduced the municipal system in the Netherlands in 1795 , the rights of the heerlijkheid were largely abolished , although the heerlijkheid itself existed until the early 20th century .
Beacon Hill Battery Beacon Hill Battery ( also known as Beacon Hill Fort ) was built to defend the port of Harwich , Essex . The first fortification built on the site was a blockhouse , constructed in 1534 during the reign of Henry VIII . This site was abandoned within ten years . After the death of Henry VIII the site was rearmed . By 1625 the site had again fallen into disrepair and Harwich was considered to be defenceless . The site now remained out of use until a redoubt of ten guns was built in 1810 . In 1862 these guns were upgraded as a result of the 1860 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom . By the 1880s the fort was considered outdated and in 1889 work began on a totally new fort , which was completed in 1892 . After World War I the fort was disarmed and sold . In 1940 it was bought back into service as a consequence of World War II . The fort was then decommissioned in 1956 .
William Waldegrave , 1st Baron Radstock William Waldegrave , 1st Baron Radstock GCB ( 9 July 1753 – 20 August 1825 ) was the Governor of Newfoundland and an Admiral in the Royal Navy . Waldegrave was the second son of John Waldegrave , 3rd Earl Waldegrave and Elizabeth ( née Gower ) . Joining the navy at age 13 in 1766 , Waldegrave rose rapidly through the ranks , receiving his own command , the " Zephyr " in 1775 , and being promoted to Vice - Admiral in 1795 . He was the third in command on the British side at the Battle of Cape St . Vincent in February 1797 , and was offered a baronetcy for the role he played in the battle . Waldegrave declined the offer ( on the grounds that as a son of an earl , he already held a higher station ) , and was appointed the Governor of Newfoundland , Saint - Pierre and Miquelon , on 16 May 1797 . During Waldegrave ' s time as Governor , he was chiefly concerned with military matters , as a French squadron had burned Bay Bulls just a year prior , and Newfoundland was still quite exposed . Another key problem was desertion , as soldiers deserting to Newfoundland were generally sheltered by the island ' s inhabitants . A naval mutiny occurred shortly after Waldegrave ' s appointment and had to be stopped ; Waldegrave also took steps to ensure that soldiers garrisoned in St . John ' s did not try anything similar . In military matters , he was often at odds with his commander , Lieutenant - Colonel Thomas Skinner . Waldegrave made several attempts to restrict the power of the merchants on Newfoundland , and also to bring law and order to the island . Although his efforts against the merchants were largely ineffective , Waldegrave was successful in having a chief justice appointed who would reside year round . Waldegrave also undertook various humanitarian projects , especially to help the poor . He established a " Committee for the Relief of the Poor " , and contributed generously to the fund . Between 1797 and 1798 , nearly 300 people received assistance from this fund . Waldegrave finished his term as governor in 1800 and was created an Irish peer as Baron Radstock . In 1802 , upon his retirement Waldegrave was promoted to full admiral . In 1815 he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath . Waldegrave was married in 1785 to Cornelia Jacoba van Lennep . They had three sons and six daughters :
Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong The Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong in Nam Phong district , Khon Kaen Province , Thailand in June 1972 became a base of operations for United States Marine Corps air operations by Marine Aircraft Group 15 , 1st Marine Aircraft Wing . Elements of squadrons that had previously been located in Da Nang , South Vietnam were moved to Namphong starting in June 1972 . The advance party that first arrived landed to find basically an airfield in the middle of the jungle . At that time the base consisted of a runway , parking apron and a few wooden buildings . A United States Navy Seabee battalion ( MCB 5 ) was soon clearing the jungle and some 10 man tents were hastily erected to sleep and work in . Since the conditions were rugged , the base soon came to be called " The Rose Garden " after the song by Miss Lynn Anderson and the Marine recruiting campaign based on it saying " We never promised you a Rose Garden " , depicting a scary Marine Drill Instructor addressing a mortified recruit . The squadrons soon in residence included H & MS - 15 , MABS - 15 , VMFA - 115 and VMFA - 232 with F - 4 Phantom II s , VMA ( AW ) - 533 with A - 6 Intruder s , VMGR - 152 with KC - 130 Hercules , and H & MS - 36 , Det " D " with CH - 46 Sea Knights . This group soon was joined by 3rd Battalion 9th Marines who served as the security element . Marine Air Traffic Control Unit 62 ( MATCU 62 ) handled the airport traffic control operations including the airport tower and GCA radar ( Ground Controlled Approach ) . The force occupying " The Rose Garden " was designated Task Force Delta . The base was made up of Marines , Sailors ( Medical and Construction staff ) , Air Force ( mostly cargo handing ) , and Thai military elements . The base was in existence until September 1973 when all the units returned to their home bases . During Operations the base was used to fly air operations against targets in Vietnam , Cambodia and Laos . Nam Phong also received refugee flights evacuating Hmong from Long Tieng , Laos in May 1975 . Nam Phong is today a Royal Thai Air Force bombing range . However , the World Aeronautical database states that the runway is still in use . There is not a quoted ICAO location indicator allocated for this field .
Gobierno de la Defensa The Defense Government ( ) governed just the city of Montevideo during the period known as Great Siege of Montevideo ( 1843 - 1851 ) . It was led by Joaquín Suárez , while the army was led by Fructuoso Rivera . Uruguay was experiencing the Guerra Grande , between the two traditional parties Colorado and Blanco . The government of Montevideo survived thanks to the help of the British and the French , as well as the active collaboration of Italian warrior Giuseppe Garibaldi .
Julius Ellsberry Julius Ellsberry ( 1922 — December 7 , 1941 ) was the first Alabamian killed in World War II , and one of the first Americans to die in the Pacific during World War II . Early life . Ellsberry was born in Birmingham , Alabama and was a 1938 graduate of Parker High School . Military career . Ellsberry enlisted in the United States Navy in 1940 , and was serving aboard the USS Oklahoma ( BB - 37 ) as a Mess Attendant First Class when it was bombed by Japan ese planes in the surprise attack on December 7 , 1941 . He and 413 other crewmen were killed aboard the battleship . He was awarded a posthumous Purple Heart in honor of his sacrifice . A Navy press release followed shortly after the announcement of Ellsberry ' s death describing the heroism of another black seaman , then unidentified . Mess Attendant Second Class Doris Miller assumed control of a deck gun on the USS West Virginia ( BB - 48 ) after the gunner was killed and helped defend the ship . Media reports at the time often credited Ellsberry with Miller ' s heroism and the misidentification still sometimes persists . Legacy . The " Birmingham World " labeled Ellsberry " the Crispus Attucks of World War II " . Birmingham ' s Black community raised over $ 300 , 000 in war bond purchases toward the completion of a B - 24 Liberator named " The Spirit of Ellsberry " . Birmingham ' s Ellsberry Park near Finley Boulevard north of downtown was dedicated in his honor in 1979 . A marker honoring Ellsberry ' s sacrifice has also been erected in Kelly Ingram Park , which is named for fellow Navy veteran and Birmingham native Osmond Kelly Ingram , the first American killed in World War I .
Duward Crow Duward L . Crow ( June 26 , 1919 – October 29 , 1997 ) was a United States Air Force lieutenant general . Crow graduated from DeKalb County High School in 1936 and entered the University of Alabama . He subsequently received an appointment to the U . S . Military Academy , in West Point , New York , graduating in 1941 , and joined what was then the Army Air Corps . He served in the China - Burma - India theater of operations during World War II . Crow was involved in planning and executing airborne resupply operations over the Himalayan Mountains to Chinese Nationalist and other allied forces , commonly known as The Hump operation . Following the war , Crow enrolled at Harvard University , where he was awarded a master of business administration degree in 1948 . He then spent several years in various posts dealing with supply , procurement , logistics , finance and personnel matters . He attended the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery , Alabama , in 1957 - 58 . On October 1 , 1973 , Crow was appointed Assistant Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force . He retired from the Air Force on August 1 , 1974 . He was subsequently named Associate Deputy Administrator of NASA in 1975 . During his military career , Crow was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit , Bronze Star Medal , and the Army Commendation Medal . He was subsequently awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal in 1978 . Crow died on October 29 , 1997 .
Buzz Patterson Robert " Buzz " Patterson ( born October 5 , 1955 ) is an American political author and retired United States Air Force pilot . Patterson was born in Chapel Hill , North Carolina and earned a bachelor ' s degree in political science from Virginia Tech and a master ' s degree in business administration from Webster University . Patterson served 20 years as a pilot on active duty in the United States Air Force . From 1996 to 1998 , Colonel Patterson was the Senior Military Aide to President Bill Clinton . During that time he was responsible for the President ' s Emergency Satchel . He retired in 2001 to pursue a career as a writer , conservative political commentator and commercial airline pilot . He now has three children , two sons and one daughter .
Exercise Purple Warrior Exercise Purple Warrior was a British military exercise conducted in south west Scotland in November , 1987 . This exercise was designed to test lessons learned during the Falklands War . Most troops involved in this exercise left from Colchester by road to embark onto a small flotilla at Harwich docks and from there to the western coast of Scotland by beached landings . The Port Stanley situation was exercised from RAF West Freugh .
Sea Jet The Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator ( AESD ) , Sea Jet , funded by the Office of Naval Research ( ONR ) , is a 133 - foot vessel located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division , Acoustic Research Detachment in Bayview , Idaho . " Sea Jet " was operated on Lake Pend Oreille , where it was used for test and demonstration of various technologies . Among the first technologies tested was an underwater discharge water jet from Rolls - Royce Naval Marine , Inc . , called AWJ - 21 , a propulsion concept with the goals of providing increased propulsive efficiency , reduced acoustic signature , and improved maneuverability over previous Destroyer Class combatants . The " Sea Jet " demonstrates a few technologies that will be integrated into the Zumwalt class destroyer . Notable among these is the return of the tumblehome hull design . Pend Oreille Paddler . In March 2007 , an image surfaced of the mythical lake monster , the Pend Oreille Paddler . A cryptozoology website and blog , Cryptomundo , wrote an article on the new images of the Paddler , questioning whether the object in question was in fact the Paddler or a a cover story deployed by the U . S . Navy . In fact , the image is of the AESD Sea Jet crossing the lake .
RFA Tideflow ( A97 ) RFA " Tideflow " ( A97 ) was a of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . Commissioned in 1956 , the ship was originally named " Tiderace " , but was renamed " Tideflow " in 1958 to avoid confusion with other members of the class . " Tideflow " was decommissioned in November 1975 , and arrived at Bilbao on 10 May 1976 to be broken up .
Tank Destruction Badge The Tank Destruction Badge ( German language : " Sonderabzeichen für das Niederkämpfen von Panzerkampfwagen durch Einzelkämpfer " ) was an award given to individuals of the Wehrmacht who destroyed an enemy tank single - handedly by a hand - held weapon . Anti - tank units were not eligible for this award . It was established by Adolf Hitler on March 9 , 1942 , but could be awarded for actions after June 22 , 1941 ( Operation Barbarossa ) . It was given in two versions . A silver badge was given for each kill , and when five were reached they were replaced by one gold .
AEC Armoured Car AEC Armoured Car is a series of heavy armoured cars built by the Associated Equipment Company ( AEC ) during the Second World War . History . AEC of Southall , Middlesex , was a manufacturer of truck and bus chassis and its Matador artillery tractor was used for towing medium field and heavy anti - aircraft guns . The armoured car based on the Matador chassis was developed initially as a private venture and shown to officials in 1941 during Horse Guards Parade in London , where it made a favourable impression on Churchill . 629 units were produced in 1942 - 1943 . AEC tried to build an armoured car with firepower and protection comparable to those of contemporary tanks . The first version carried a Valentine Mk II turret with 2 pounder gun . Subsequent versions received more powerful armament - a 6 pounder or a 75 mm gun . The vehicle also carried two machine guns , smoke grenades discharger and No . 19 radio set . The Mk I was first used in combat in the North African Campaign late in 1942 , where a few vehicles were reportedly fitted with a Crusader tank turret mounting a 6 pounder gun . The Mk II / Mk III took part in the fighting in Europe with British and British Indian Army units , often together with the Staghound . The vehicle remained in service after the end of the war until replaced by the Alvis Saladin . The Lebanese Army used the car at least until 1976 .
Rheinmetall 20 mm Twin Anti - Aircraft Cannon Rheinmetall Zwillingsflak twin - gun anti - aircraft system began development in 1968 to meet the requirements of the low - level air defence units of the German Air Force , i . e . " to engage low and very low approaching enemy aircraft with all appropriate means in time to prevent them from firing their weapons or delivering their ordnance , or at least to prevent them from carrying out an accurate attack on an Air Force installation . " The Budget Committee of the Bundestag approved the Zwillingsflak system in December 1969 , and serial production began in 1972 ; the first production systems reached units of the Bundeswehr on October 12 of that year . Rheinmetall delivered the last of these in 1976 . It was also used by the Argentine Air Force , including during the Falklands War . Since 1981 , it was used by the Portuguese Army and Portuguese Air Force . See also . General :
Wilfred Stokes Sir Frederick Wilfred Scott Stokes KBE ( 9 April 1860 – 7 February 1927 ) was the inventor in 1915 of the Stokes Mortar , which saw extensive use in the latter half of the First World War and was one of the first truly portable mortars . Stokes was born on 9 April 1860 in Liverpool the son of Scott Nasmyth Stokes a school inspector . He was educated at St . Francis Xavier ' s College and the Catholic University College in Kensingston . Following an apprenticeship with the Great Western Railway he was later an assistant to Sir William Shelford working on the designs for bridges for the Hull and Barnsley Railway . A civil engineer by trade , Stokes was Chairman and Managing Director of Ransomes & Rapier , an engineering company based in Ipswich and which manufactured cranes . Between 1915 and 1918 Stokes worked for the Inventions Branch of the Ministry of Munitions where he invented the Stokes Mortar . The trench mortar was first used in 1915 during the Battle of Loos to fire a smoke shell , at first it was not liked but as the construction was improved it was widely used and produced in two sizes . His mortar was later on improved again and again for more effectiveness by other British engineers . As well as receiving a knighthood in 1917 for inventing the mortar which was named for him , Stokes was given several forms of monetary reward by the Ministry of Munitions for his invention including royalties of £1 per Stokes mortar bomb . Stokes married Iren Ionides in 1899 . His nephew Richard Stokes was a Labour MP and minister .
Simion Stoilow Simion Stoilow or Stoilov ( – 4 April 1961 ) was a Romania n mathematician , creator of the Romanian school of complex analysis , and author of over 100 publications . Biography . He was born in Bucharest , and grew up in Craiova . His father , Colonel Simion Stoilow , fought at Smârdan in the Romanian War of Independence . After studying at the Obedeanu elementary school and the Carol I High School , Stoilow went in 1907 to the University of Paris , where he earned a B . S . degree in 1910 and a Ph . D . in Mathematics in 1916 . His doctoral dissertation was written under the direction of Émile Picard . He returned to Romania in 1916 to fight in World War I ' s Romanian Campaign , first in Dobrudja , then in Moldavia . After the war , he became professor of mathematics at the University of Iaşi ( 1919 - 1921 ) and the University of Cernăuţi ( 1921 - 1939 ) . In 1939 he moved to Bucharest , first at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest , and from 1941 at the University of Bucharest , serving as rector from 1944 to 1945 and as dean of the Faculties of Mathematics and Physics from 1948 to 1951 . From 1946 to 1948 , he served as Romanian ambassador to France . In 1946 he was a member of the Romanian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference , headed by Gheorghe Tătărescu . In July 1947 he organized at Club de Chaillot the exhibit " L ' art français au secours des enfants roumains " ; Constantin Brâncuși participated , Tristan Tzara and Jean Cassou wrote the preface to the catalogue . Stoilow was elected corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1936 , and full member in 1945 . In 1949 he was the founding director of the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy , serving in that capacity until he died . Among his students at the Institute were Martin Jurchescu , Cabiria Andreian Cazacu , Corneliu Constantinescu , Nicolae Boboc , and Aurel Cornea . Stoilow died in Bucharest in 1961 of a . He was cremated at the " Cenuşa " crematorium . Prior to the Romanian Revolution of 1989 , his funeral urn was maintained in a crypt at the Carol Park Mausoleum . Legacy . The Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy ( closed in 1975 by a decree of Nicolae Ceauşescu , reopened in the immediate aftermath of the Romanian Revolution of 1989 ) , is now named after him . The " Simion Stoilow Prize " is awarded every year by the Romanian Academy .
Fliegende Panzerfaust The Fliegende Panzerfaust , meaning ' Flying Bazooka ' ( literally ' Flying Armored Fist ' ) in the German language , was a project for a Third Reich very - short - range interceptor designed by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin . The " Fliegende Panzerfaust " project was part of the Nazi propaganda - based " Wunderwaffe " ( ' wonder weapon ' ) concept . It was proposed to the Emergency Fighter Program against the allied bombing raids over Nazi Germany in the last years of World War II . Description . The " Fliegende Panzerfaust " was a rocket - powered design meeting the demand for a low - cost aircraft in a very - short - range interceptor role . It was a parasite aircraft meant to be towed behind a Messerschmitt Bf 109 G for which it had a special long nose . Powered by six Schmidding SG 34 rocket engine s , three on each side on the rear half of the fuselage , the " Fliegende Panzerfaust " was a small plane with a v - tail , a wingspan of 4 . 5 m and a length of 6 . 0 m . This Zeppelin - built aircraft would have been released upon reaching combat altitude above the enemy bomber fleet . Shortly before contact with the combat box below it would ignite its six solid - fuel rocket engines , attacking the target bomber by firing two 73 mm RZ 65 air - to - air missile s at an extremely close range . The front half of the aircraft which had the pilot lying in a prone position in the cockpit would then split from the other half . Both parts would land separately with parachutes , being later retrieved and reused . Owing to the extreme risks for the pilot inherent in its operation this aircraft is sometimes referred to as a suicide weapon .