naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
T - 38 tank The T - 38 amphibious scout tank was a Soviet light amphibious tank that saw service in World War II . History . Designed in 1934 – 36 by N . Astrov ' s bureau at Factory No . 37 in Moscow , the T - 38 was a development of the earlier T - 37 , based in turn on the French AMR 33 light reconnaissance tank . The tank was powered by a standard GAZ ( Ford ) engine and was cheap to produce . Buoyancy was achieved by the large - volume hull and large fenders . In water , the vehicle was propelled by a small three - bladed propeller mounted at the rear . The tanks were intended for use for reconnaissance and infantry support . As a scout tank the T - 38 had the advantages of very low silhouette and good mobility , due to its ability to swim . The T - 38 was also intended to be air - portable ; during the Kiev maneuvers in 1936 , the tanks were transported by Tupolev TB - 3 bombers , mounted under the fuselage . Infantry battalions were each issued 38 T - 38s , with 50 being designated for each airborne armored battalions . However , the thin armor and single machinegun armament made the tank of only limited use in combat while the lack of radios in most T - 38s was a serious limitation in a recon vehicle . The T - 38 ' s limitations were recognized , and it would have been replaced by the T - 40 , but the outbreak of the Second World War meant that only a few T - 40s were produced . Around 1 , 500 T - 38s were built , illustrating the importance of amphibious scout tanks to the Red Army . Some were up - gunned with a 20 mm ShVAK cannon . Service history . The tank served with the Red Army in the Winter War with Finland in 1940 , but was unsuccessful due to its light armament and thin armour . In the confined terrain of Finland the tank was a deathtrap . It did not do well in the early stages of World War II , and large numbers were captured by the Germans during Operation Barbarossa . The T - 38 was rarely seen in direct combat after 1941 and mostly relegated to other roles such as artillery tractor , although it was reported to have been used in the Dnieper River crossing of 1943 . During World War II , the main amphibious scout vehicle of the Red Army was the Ford GPA amphibious jeep , an open unarmored vehicle provided through Lend - Lease . The German Army did not generally use captured T - 38s as gun tanks ( unlike captured T - 26 s , T - 34 s , or other more valuable vehicles ) . It is reported that some were re - used by converting them into self - propelled anti - aircraft artillery , mounting a 37 mm anti - aircraft gun on the T - 38 chassis , although this would seem to be a very large piece for the chassis .
Illinois National Guard The Illinois National Guard comprises both Army National Guard and Air National Guard components . As of 2013 , the Illinois National Guard has approximately 13 , 200 members . The National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status . The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions . Those functions range from limited actions during non - emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control . The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President or Congress . The two components are the : When National Guard troops are called to federal service , the President serves as Commander - In - Chief . The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is : " To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war , National emergency or as otherwise needed . " The Governor may call individuals or units of the Illinois National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard . The state mission assigned to the National Guard is : " To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law . " National Guard units can be mobilized at any time by presidential order to supplement regular armed forces , and upon declaration of a state of emergency by the Governor of the state in which they serve . Unlike Army Reserve members , National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually ( except through voluntary transfers and Temporary Duty Assignments TDY ) , but only as part of their respective units . However , there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations from 2001 ; the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard .
Outer London Defence Ring The Outer London Defence Ring was a defensive ring built around London during the early part of the Second World War . It was intended as a defence against a German invasion , and was part of a national network of similar " Stop Lines " . In June 1940 under the direction of General Edmund Ironside , concentric rings of anti - tank defences and pillboxes were constructed in and around London . They comprised : The London Inner Keep , London Stop Line Inner ( Line C ) , London Stop Line Central ( Line B ) and London Stop Line Outer ( Line A ) . The Outer London Ring was the strongest and best developed of these , mainly because it could be constructed in open countryside . Work on all the lines was halted weeks later by Ironside ' s successor , General Alan Brooke , who favoured mobile warfare above static defence . The ring used a mixture of natural rivers and artificial ditches up to wide and deep , encircling London completely . North of London the ring followed a path similar to the route now taken by the M25 motorway , from Watford , following the River Colne , through Potters Bar , Cuffley , Nazeing , then running south through Epping Forest , Loughton and Chigwell . Many pillboxes and anti - tank traps are still visible at points along the ring , but in the majority of places the ditch is no longer visible , covered by the M25 or London suburbs .
Admiral ( Germany ) Admiral is a rank of the German Navy that first appeared in the 19th century and was expanded in the early 20th century as part of a build - up and mobilization in preparation for the First World War . The rank again saw a resurgence during the Second World War . There were many famous German Admirals during these formative years of German naval power , among them Otto von Diederichs , Gustav von Senden - Bibran , Georg Alexander von Müller , August von Heeringen , Alfred von Tirpitz and ( later ) Karl Dönitz . The ranks of the German Admiralty were based on those from other European Powers , with some modifications in the titles and pronunciation . The German Navy also never considered Commodore a rank of the Admiralty , as this rank has always been considered more of a senior Captain . In 1944 , the ranks of the German Kriegsmarine were in order of seniority as follows , US equivalent in brackets : In the modern age , the German Navy no longer uses the ranks of General Admiral and Grand Admiral . A junior admiral rank , known as " Flottillenadmiral " rates below Konteradmiral and is generally considered the equivalent of a Rear Admiral ( Lower Half ) .
Steyr - Münichholz subcamp The Steyr - Münichholz concentration camp was one in a number of subcamps of the Mauthausen - Gusen concentration camp in Upper Austria . Inmates were drawn from the main camp , in order to exploit their labor for producing arms in Steyr - Daimler - Puch corporation factories , and to build air - raid bunkers in the town of Steyr . Roughly 300 Mauthausen - Gusen inmates had been doing construction work at the Steyr facilities since spring 1941 , being transferred back and forth between Mauthausen and Steyr on a daily basis . Because of growing scarcity of workers skilled for the incipient manufacture of aircraft engines and ball bearings , in fall 1941 the Steyr - Daimley - Puch management began lobbying for the allocation of more aptly skilled concentration camp inmates , and the establishment of a local subcamp . On January 5 , 1942 , Georg Meindl , general manager of Steyr - Daimler - Puch and SS Brigadeführer wrote to the SS and Police Leader of the region , Ernst Kaltenbrunner : " „ ( . . . ) should be , if possible , workers specialising in the metal trades , or otherwise workers that can be educated on the work with machines . The daily transfer of these inmates to Mauthausen does not only make necessary larger commitment of guarding personnel , but also diminishes the output of the inmates . “ " The establishment of a subcamb on the premises of a detention facility in nearby Garsten was opposed by the prison administration . Therefore a makeshift camp was established in the vicinity of the factory premises in spring 1942 . Most inmates originated from Spain , France , Poland , Italy , Greece , Russia , and Czechoslovakia . Their total number varied between 1 , 000 and 2 , 000 . In April 1945 however , the number rose to 3 , 090 , as several death marches with inmates from the Wiener Neustadt subcamp went through the town . Many inmates died from malnutrition , working constantly at a fast pace irrespective of weather conditions , and lack of health treatment . A number were also killed in air raids on the Steyr factories in February and April 1944 . The exact total number of deaths , however , remains unknown to this day . The names of 226 inmates show on the records of the city crematory . Inmates who went sick were usually sent back to be killed at the main camp at Mauthausen . The camp was liberated by US troops on May 5 , 1945 . The last remaining baracks ( which had contained the camp ' s dining hall ) , were demolished by the private owner of the premises in 1993 , before explorations into setting up a memorial had come to fruition , sparking outrage among concerned locals .
Phayap Army Phayap Army ( RTGS : Thap Phayap or Payap , " northwest " ) was the Thai force that invaded the Burma on May 10 , 1942 , during the Burma Campaign of World War II . Order of battle of Phayap Army 1942 . Phayap Army ( Northern Army ) - Lieutenant General Charun Ratanakun ( Seriroengrit ) Reorganization . During the fighting , Phayap Army has added the following units by regrouping The tough weather really a big bane to Cavalry men - to see their horses perish before the actual fighting - forcing the early dissolution of the Cavalry Division and moving the 35th Cavalry Regimen to Roy Ed and the 1st Cavalry Battalion ( Royal Guard using Australian Stallons ) back to BKK . Nevertheless , RTA has created the following units to replace the cavalry units within Phayap Army : 2nd Army . After peace in Kentung has been restored in 1943 , Royal Thai Army has withdrawn some units of Phayap Army and create the 2nd Army as the reserved forces In 1943 , RTA has created The 2nd Army ( Lopburi ) which consisted of 37th Division . In 1944 , Royal Thai Army has created the following units to help and train Serithai ( Free Thai Movement ) without being hunted down by Imperial Japanese Army Demobilization . After the peace declaration on 16 August 1945 , the following units of Phayap Army along with War time units have been dissolved and demobilized : 30 October 1945 : The following units have been effectively dissolved and demobilized 13 November 1945 : The following units have been effectively dissolved and demobilized Postwar Reorganization . The Postwar reorganization of Royal Thai Army in 1946 : Air Force . Chief - of - the - Air - Staff - Group Captain Khun Ronnaphakasd 90th Combined Wing - ?
Daniel Lee Redman Daniel Lee Redman ( October 4 , 1889 – April 8 , 1948 ) was a lawyer , soldier and a Canadian federal politician . Born in Oil City , Ontario , Redman served in the 103rd Regiment " Calgary Rifles " , and then served overseas with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the First World War . Redman returned to Calgary and ran in the 1917 Canadian federal election as the Unionist coalition candidate in East Calgary . He ended up winning the district defeating future Member of Parliament William Irvine in a landslide . Redman served one term in the Canadian House of Commons before retiring in 1921 .
Walther TPH The Walther TP and TPH handguns are extremely compact double - action lightweight semiautomatic pistols in . 22 Long Rifle and . 25 ACP calibers . The TP was produced from 1961 - 1971 and the improved TPH has been produced continuously since 1968 . Models have been produced in Germany and ( by Interarms ) in the US . Pistols in this size range are sometimes referred to as pocket pistol s . Walther bite . Due to the extremely compact nature of the Walther TPH , it suffers from a particularly acute case of what is termed by gun enthusiasts as " Walther Bite " . The TPH slide is vertically so close to the hand holding the pistol that , when the gun is fired , the bottom of the slide hits the web of the hand between thumb and forefinger . After a few firings , this typically leaves bruises and eventually two linear abrasions , one from each side of the slide . Other Walther compact pistols such as the Walther PPK or PP are better known for this phenomenon due to their higher popularity , with more people encountering them this way than with the TPH . However , the TPH has the most significant effects of Walther Bite . Persons firing TPH models over large numbers of rounds for target practice or for familiarization should wear thick leather or other protective shooting gloves with reinforcement between the thumb and forefinger . Controversy and issues . The TPH has been the subject of criticism in gun magazines . US - manufactured models of the TPH were widely criticized for on average having rougher fit and rougher trigger mechanisms than German - made pistols , along with lower reliability than competing pistols from other manufacturers . German manufactured models can no longer be imported into the US . These criticisms are in a sense relative . US made TPH handguns are still average or better quality handguns , and German made models and the best of the American models are highly reliable and smooth operating weapons . One operating issue with all light blowback pistols , including the TPH , is that the slide may not cycle properly if the pistol is fired with a weak grip in the firing hand . A firm grip is required for reliable operation .
Battle of Qian Shui Yuan The Battle of Qian Shui Yuan ( 浅水原之战 ) was a battle fought in Qian Shui Yuan ( in modern - day the north - west of Changwu , Shaanxi 陕西长武东北 ) in 618 AD — during the Tang Dynasty . The battle ended in the victory of the Tang Dynasty , whose armed forces were led by Li Shimin ( 李世民 ) . Background . In 618 AD , Xue Ju ( 薛举 ) , who occupied in Longxi ( 陇西 ) and capitaled in Tianshui ( 天水 ) , in modern - day Gansu ( 甘肃 ) , entitled himself as the Qing Emperor ( 秦帝 ) . He was possessed with an army of 300 , 000 soldiers and tended to capture Chang ' an ( 长安 ) . The Battle . In 618 AD , Li Yuan , Emperor Gaozu of Tang ( 李渊 ， 唐高祖 ) , appointed Li Shimin as the marshal to meet head - on . At first , they were defeated in Qian Shui Yuan and forced back to Chang An . Gao Zhi ( 高墌 ) was annexed . After Xue Ju ' s death , his son Xue Rengao ( 薛仁杲 ) succeeded to the throne and continued to attack the Tang army . Li Yuan tried to get support from Li Gui ( 李轨 ) , who occupied in Liangzhou ( 凉州 ， in modern - day Wu Wei , Gan Su , 甘肃武威 ) . At the same time he ordered Li Shimin to press on towards Gao Zhi . Xue Rengao dispatched the general Zong Luo ( 宗罗 ) , leading more than 100 , 000 soldiers to resist . Li Shimin thought the Tang army was frustrated while the enemies were inspiring . So he switched from attacking to defending . The two sides were locked in a stalemate for about 60 days . When the Xue army were short for provisions , Li Shimin took great advantage of physical features of Qian Shui Yuan and started attacking . Finally , Xue army was badly defeated and surrendered . The Tang Dynasty suppressed Long Xi and ensured the safety of Guanzhong ( 关中 ) .
United States Army Medical Research Unit - Kenya The United States Army Medical Research Unit - Kenya ( USAMRU - K ) is a " Special Foreign Activity " of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . The unit operates under a cooperative agreement with the Kenya Medical Research Institute . Much of the research done there has focused on tropical diseases , such as malaria , trypanosomiasis , and leishmaniasis , as well as arboviruses , HIV / AIDS , and other emerging infectious diseases .
Stavropol Shpakovskoye Airport Stavropol Shpakovskoye Airport ( sometimes appearing as Mikhaylovskoye ) is an airport in Stavropol Krai , Russia located 13 km northeast of Stavropol . It services medium - sized airliners with 14 parking spaces . It is also a small military training base , home to SVVAULSh ( Stavropol Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots and Navigators ) , 218 UAPV ( Aviation Training Regiment ) with MiG - 23 aircraft , and 163rd OUAE ( Separate Training Aviation Squadron ) flying the Mi - 8 .
Albanian Royal Army The Royal Albanian Army ( ) was the army of King Zogu from 1928 until 1939 . Its commander - in - chief was King Zog ; its commander General Xhemal Aranitasi ; its Chief of Staff was General Gustav von Myrdacz . The army was mainly financed by Italy . Ranks . There were 2 rank systems , the first was replaced in 1936 . The new ranks were used until 1939 .
German submarine U - 392 German submarine " U - 392 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out two patrols . She did not sink or damage any ships . She was sunk by US aircraft and British warships in the Strait of Gibraltar in March 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 10 January 1942 at the " Howaldtswerke " ( yard ) at Flensburg as ' werk ' 24 , launched on 10 April 1943 and commissioned on 29 May under the command of " Oberleutnant " Henning Schümann . The boat was a member of five wolfpack s . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 29 May 1943 and the 1st flotilla from 1 December of the same year . 1st patrol . The boat departed Kiel on 2 December 1943 . She passed through the ' gap ' that separates Iceland and the Faroe Islands , turned about and headed northeast of Iceland ; she then turned about once more and made for the northern Atlantic Ocean . She docked in Brest in occupied France on 20 January 1944 . 2nd patrol and loss . " U - 392 " had departed Brest on 29 February 1944 , heading south . On 16 March , she was attacked and sunk by depth charge s from three US PBY Catalina s , the British frigate HMS " Affleck " and the British destroyer HMS " Vanoc " in the Strait of Gibraltar . 52 men died in the U - boat ; there were no survivors .
USS Anthedon ( AS - 24 ) USS " Anthedon " ( AS - 24 ) was an " Aegir " - class submarine tender of the United States Navy during World War II . The ship was laid down on 6 May 1943 under a Maritime Commission , type ( C3 - S - A2 ) hull , under contract ( MC hull 858 ) at Pascagoula , Mississippi , by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Co . It was launched on 15 October 1943 , and sponsored by Mrs . William M . Colmer . The ship was acquired by the Navy and commissioned on 17 December 1943 . It was turned over to the Todd Shipbuilding Co . for conversion and decommissioned on 30 December 1943 , and then recommissioned on 15 September 1944 , with Commander Richard E . Hawes in command . Service history . Pacific , 1944 – 1945 . Following her commissioning , the submarine tender got underway for Brooklyn , New York , to load provisions and ammunition at the New York Navy Yard and then traveled to New London , Connecticut , to take on spare parts for submarines and to conduct tests and drills . She departed New London on 11 October and set a course for Australia . The ship transited the Panama Canal on 17 October and arrived at Fremantle on 17 November . " Anthedon " spent three months at that port carrying out refits and voyage repairs on submarines returning from war patrols . The tender departed Fremantle on 12 February 1945 ; and made stops at Brisbane , Australia , and Hollandia , New Guinea , to pick up building material . She reached Subic Bay , Philippines , on 13 March , and remained there during the rest of the war , servicing numerous submarines as well as the destroyer escorts operating from Subic Bay . After Japan capitulated in mid - August , the submarine tender got underway on the 31st to return to Fremantle . She reached that port on 10 September and assisted in the dismantling of the submarine repair unit located there . " Anthedon " departed Fremantle on 2 October to return to the Philippines ; arrived at Subic Bay on 14 October ; and began providing repair services to submarines . Return to the US , 1945 . On 1 November , " Anthedon " weighed anchor to return , via the Hawaiian Islands and the Panama Canal , to New London . She transited the canal on 20 November and reached Norfolk , Virginia , on 5 December . After discharging passengers and cargo , the tender continued on to New London . She spent one week there before moving to Bayonne , New Jersey on 15 December to enter drydock for the repair of a crack in her hull . " Anthedon " was back in New London on 22 December . Deactivation and sale , 1946 – 1969 . During January and February 1946 , the tender assisted submarines preparing for deactivation . On 1 March , " Anthedon " commenced deactivation herself , and she was placed out of commission , in reserve , at New London on 21 September 1946 . Her name was struck from the Navy List sometime in late 1968 or early 1969 . She was sold to Turkey on 7 February 1969 and served the Turkish Navy as .
San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard The San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard was a short - lived shipyard formed in 1965 as the combination of the San Francisco Naval Shipyard ( aka Hunters Point ) and the Mare Island Naval Shipyard . The combined yards were the largest naval shipyard in the world , but the desired cost savings did not materialize , and the two yards reverted to separate existences in February 1970 . The shipyard was used for radioactive testing when the United States was testing the atomic bomb . The site has since been contaminated . Now the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard is a Superfund site , as designated by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) . It is the Navy ' s job to clean up the site to " reasonable " levels to those who live adjacent to the shipyard .
Rudolf Saalbach Rudolf Saalbach ( 18 March 1911 — May 1945 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Rudolf Saalbach was born on 18 March 1911 in Grossenhain , Germany . He was a member of the NSDAP ( party number 1375011 ) and volunteered to join the SS ( SS service number 127697 ) in 1934 . He was assigned to the SS - Sonderkommando in Sachsen until 1937 when he was transferred to the SS - Totenkopfverbände stationed on the Elbe . He was then selected to become an officer and posted to the SS - Junkerschule in Braunschweig in 1938 . World War II . By August 1940 , Saalbach had been promoted to Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) and was the commander of the 1st Motorcycle Company , 3rd SS Reconnaissance Battalion , SS Division " Totenkopf " . He was later transferred to command the 5th SS Panzer Reconnaissance Battalion , 5th SS Panzer Division " Wiking " in March 1943 , with the rank of Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) . Upon the formation of the 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division " Nordland " in May 1943 , he assumed command of the 11th SS Armoured Reconnaissance Battalion . Saalbach was awarded the Knight ' s Cross for his bravery and leadership between 12 and 19 March 1944 , in Hungerburg and also promoted to Sturmbannführer . Saalbach was still in command of the battalion during the Battle of Berlin and organised a breakout attempt with the last 36 men of the battalion on 2 May 1945 . He was last seen on the Weidendammer Bridge on the Charlottenburg , which was the last time any of his group were seen alive .