naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Archer ( tank destroyer ) The Self Propelled 17pdr , Valentine , Mk I , Archer was a British self propelled anti - tank gun of the Second World War based on the Valentine infantry tank chassis fitted with an Ordnance QF 17 pounder gun . Design and development . The 17 pounder anti - tank gun was a very powerful gun but also very large and heavy and could only be moved about the battlefield by a vehicle , which made the gun more effective in defence than in the attack . A version of the Churchill tank had been tested as a self - propelled gun ; the " 3 - inch Gun Carrier " and the US was expected to be able to provide the M10 " Wolverine " through Lend - lease . Other projects were considered using obsolete tank chassis ; possible vehicles included the Valentine for its reliability and low profile ; and the Crusader for its good power - to - weight ratio . In development were tank designs using the 17 - pdr , which led to the Challenger ( and its post - war variant the Avenger ) derived from the Cromwell cruiser tank , and the Sherman Firefly conversion of Sherman tanks . The Valentine chassis was soon chosen , as it was in production but obsolescent as a tank in British use and was also one of the few chassis that could accommodate such a large gun . The engine in the Archer had a higher power rating than in the Valentine . The Valentine had a small hull and it was not possible to use a turret , the gun was mounted in a simple , low , open - topped armoured box , very much like the early " Panzerjäger " German self - propelled guns in appearance , with the gun facing to the rear which kept the length of the Archer short . The mounting allowed for 11 degrees of traverse to either side with elevation from - 7 . 5 to + 15 degrees . On firing , the gun breech recoiled into the driver ' s space , with the driver staying in position , in case the vehicle needed to move quickly . The rear mounting had the advantage that combined with its low silhouette , the Archer made an excellent ambush weapon , allowing its crew to fire , then drive away without turning round . The first prototype was completed in 1943 , with firing trials carried out in April 1943 . Vickers were given orders for 800 vehicles . Service . Production started in mid - 1943 and the Archer entered service in October 1944 . It was used in North - West Europe and ( in 1945 ) in Italy . By the end of the war , 655 of them had been produced . The Archer was classified as a self - propelled anti - tank gun and as such was operated by the Royal Artillery ( RA ) rather than by Royal Armoured Corps units - as were British 3in SP , Wolverine and 17pdr SP . Achilles - during the war . Post war the Archer served with the Egyptian Army . Surviving vehicles are preserved at the Yad la - Shiryon Museum in Israel , National War and Resistance Museum , Overloon in the Netherlands , and the Bovington Tank Museum in the UK . The Archer served with some units of the Royal Armoured Corps in BAOR ( British Army of the Rhine ) in the early 1950s .
George Clay Ginty George Clay Ginty ( February 14 , 1840 – December 9 , 1890 ) was a politician , military officer , newspaperman and U . S . Marshal . Biography . Ginty was born in Toronto , Ontario in 1840 . He moved with his parents to Racine , Wisconsin in 1853 . In 1859 , he moved to Oconto , Wisconsin . Ginty would later move to Green Bay , Wisconsin and Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin . He died on December 9 , 1890 . At the time of his death , he was a member of the United States Marshals Service , acting as Marshal of the Western District of Wisconsin . Newspaper career . Ginty founded the Oconto Pioneer in 1859 and served as editor and publisher of the paper until 1865 . In 1866 , he founded the Green Bay Gazette and in 1868 , he founded the Chippewa Herald . He later served as editor and publisher of the Herald from 1870 to 1890 . From 1875 to 1878 , Ginty was President of the Wisconsin Editorial Association . Military career . Ginty joined the Union Army in 1864 during the American Civil War as major of the 39th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment on June 3 , 1864 . He was mustered out of the volunteers on September 22 , 1864 . He rejoined the army on February 23 , 1865 as colonel of the 47th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment . He was mustered out of the volunteers after this service on September 4 , 1865 . On January 13 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Ginty for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from September 28 , 1865 , and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12 , 1866 . Political career . Ginty was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1863 and the Wisconsin State Senate from 1885 to 1888 . He was a Republican .
Convoy ON 115 Convoy ON 115 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War . It was the 115th of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America . Action . The ships departed Liverpool on 24 July 1942 and were joined on 25 July by Mid - Ocean Escort Force Group C - 3 . They were found on 29 July by the seven U - Boat s of Wolf pack Wolf . Six U - boats formed Wolf pack Pirat on 1 August and reached the convoy on 2 August . Three ships were sunk before contact was lost in misty weather on 3 August . Surviving ships reached Boston on 8 August .
541st Aircraft Control and Warning Group The 541st Aircraft Control and Warning Group ( AC & WG ) is a disbanded United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 30th Air Division , stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base , Michigan . It was inactivated on 6 February 1952 and disbanded on 21 September 1984 . This command and control organization activated on 5 December 1949 , and was responsible for the organization , manning and equipping of new Aircraft Control and Warning ( Radar ) units . On 1 May 1950 , the reserve 565th AC & WG was activated as a Corollary unit at Selfridge , sharing the 541st ' s equipment and facilities . The 565th was called to active duty on 2 June 1951 and was inactivated , with its personnel used as fillers for the 541st . It was inactivated in 1952 with its units being assigned directly to the 30th AD .
Battle of Alavus The Battle of Alavus took place on 17 August 1808 in the vicinity of the town of Alavus ( ) , as part of the Finnish War . The Finnish army , under the command of general Carl Johan Adlercreutz defeated a smaller Russian force and drove it southwards . It was the last in a string of Swedish successes during the summer of 1808 , and marked the turning point in the war . Prelude . With his supply lines harassed by Swedish forces and retreating southward , the newly appointed general major Nikolay Kamensky decided to retake the initiative . The logistical situation precluded this however , and he was forced to march to Jämsä . Not until 7 August was he able to regain control of the situation , as Swedish raiding activities ebbed and reinforcements and fresh supplies started arriving . Kamenskiy then decided to renew his offensive . He sent a detachment under colonel Erikson toward Alavus and marched towards Jyväskylä . Probably encouraged by the victory at Kauhajoki , marshal Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor ordered general Adlercreutz to attack the Russian position at Alavus . The army , much worn by the ordeals of the summer , was moved south on 16 August in pouring rain . The following day the weather cleared . The battle . In bright sunshine , Adlercreutz attacked the Russian positions south of the Alavus church , near the small village of Härkölä , protected by lake Alajärvi on his left and marshy ground on his right . The Russian counterattacked on their right wing and forced a battalion of Karelians on the Swedish left flank to retreat northwards . At this point Adlercreutz ordered the 3rd battalion of Savolax infantry regiment , supported by the 2nd battalion , to counterattack . After a barrage of gunfire , the battalion made a bayonet charge and threw back the Russians . The Russian left flank was also under pressure and started yielding ; by 19 . 00 the entire Russian force had retired with casualties tallying 370 men , compared to 200 on the Swedish side . Aftermath . Despite the success , Klingspor never capitalized on it or the outcome of Lapua and the difficult Russian supply situation in the summer of 1808 . After the defeat at Alavus , Russian fortune turned and Kamensky was successful in his counteroffensive , which drove the Swedes ever further north .
HMCS Sioux ( R64 ) HMCS " Sioux " ( R64 ) was a V class destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy that saw service in World War II . She was launched as HMS " Vixen " for the British Royal Navy . She was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy , into which she was then commissioned 21 February 1944 while fitting out , and was completed on 5 March 1944 . Second World War Service . " Sioux " was based with the British Home Fleet at Scapa Flow . Her duties involved escorting convoys to Russia ( RA - 58 / JW - 58 in April 1944 ) ; raids on German coastal shipping off the coast of Norway ; and attempts to sink the German battleship " Tirpitz " , which was anchored at Altenfjord , Norway . On D - Day , " Sioux " provided naval gunfire off Juno Beach . In February 1945 , after escorting convoy JW - 64 to Polyarnoe ; she was sent from there as part of a relief expedition to convey 500 inhabitants of a Norwegian island , left without food or fishing boats by the Germans , to safety . On 17 February 1945 , she returned with convoy RA - 64 , fighting both determined JU - 88 attacks and Arctic gales , and sailed to Halifax immediately thereafter , to prepare for transfer to the British Pacific Fleet and operations against Japan . Post War Service . She wore pennant R64 until she was paid off into reserve shortly after the war . She emerged again , fully modernized , in 1950 , to participate in the Korean War . She helped provide naval support for the troops that landed at Inchon in September 1950 , the first entry of Canadian forces in the war . In 1953 she was one of a number of Royal Canadian Navy ships which took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . She wore pennant 225 until she was finally paid off in October 1963 . Ship ' s bell . The Chatham and Area Royal Canadian Naval Association branch acquired HMCS " Sioux " ship ' s bell , which was used for baptism of babies onboard ship . The names of 48 children christened aboard the ' V ' Class destroyer are inscribed on the bell .
Fuji T - 5 Fuji T - 5 or KM - 2Kai is a Japanese turboprop - driven primary trainer aircraft , which is a development of the earlier Fuji KM - 2 . The student and the instructor sit side - by - side . Design and development . The Fuji T - 5 was developed by Fuji Heavy Industries as a replacement for the piston - engined Fuji KM - 2 ( itself a development of the Beechcraft T - 34 ) as a primary trainer for the Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force . Fuji refitted a KM - 2 with an Allison 250 turboprop engine in place of the original Lycoming piston engine , the resulting KM - 2D first flying on 28 June 1984 and being certified on 14 February 1985 . The KM - 2Kai is a further development of the KM - 2D , with a modernised cockpit with side - by - side seating and a sliding canopy replacing the original KM - 2 ' s car type side doors ( which were retained by the KM - 2D ) . The T - 5 is an all - metal low - wing cantilever monoplane powered by an Allison 250 - B17D turboprop with a three - bladed constant speed propeller . It has a retractable tricycle landing gear with the main gear retracting inwards and nose gear rearwards . The T - 5 has an enclosed cabin with a sliding canopy and two side - by - side seats , and dual controls , in the aerobatic version and four seats in pairs in the utility version . Operational history . The KM - 2Kai was ordered by the JMSDF as the T - 5 in March 1987 , with deliveries of the KM2 - Kai to the Japanese Self Defence Forces beginning in 1988 , with a total of 40 being built . The T - 5 serves with the 201 Air Training Squadron at Ozuki Air Field . The original KM - 2 is no longer in service .
Art Smith ( pilot ) Arthur Roy Smith ( February 27 , 1890 - February 12 , 1926 ) was an American pilot . After Charles Ames , he was the second overnight mail service pilot to die on duty . Early life and career . He was born on February 27 , 1890 in Fort Wayne , Indiana to James F . Smith and Ida Krick . In 1910 , his parents mortgaged their home for $ 1 , 800 so that he could build a plane , on which he spent six months ; however , he crashed it on his first flight , destroying everything but the motor . However , he quickly became a celebrated stunt pilot , notable for flying at night ; he was one of the pioneers of skywriting at night using flares attached to his aircraft . Katherine Stinson , one of America ' s first female stunt pilots , was inspired to compete against him by this feat , and the competition between her , Smith , and other men received widespread press coverage . Smith made two trips to Asia , in 1916 and 1917 ; his aerobatics demonstrations in Korea during those trips are believed to have inspired both An Chang - nam ( Korea ' s first male pilot ) and Kwon Ki - ok ( Korea ' s first female pilot ) to learn to fly . During World War I . Smith later worked as a test pilot and instructor after the American entry into World War I ; he had originally sought to enroll in the United States Army ' s Air Service , but was refused . His height ( 5 feet 3 inches ) was mentioned as one possible reason for the refusal ; the numerous injuries he had suffered in earlier crashes were another . During the war , he was stationed at Langley Field , Virginia and McCook Field , Ohio ; he was one of two men trained to fly the De Bothezat helicopter , an early quadrotor helicopter . Airmail Service . After the war , he joined the United States Post Office ; he eventually came to fly the overnight airmail delivery route between New York and Chicago , established in July 1925 . He died February 12 , 1926 near Montpelier , Ohio ; he was two miles off - course when he crashed a Curtiss Carrier Pigeon into a grove of trees while flying east . Legacy . Fort Wayne ' s Smith Field is named after him . Smith would unknowingly contribute to the foundation of Honda when during Smith ' s tour of Asia in 1917 , a young Japanese bicycle mechanic named Soichiro Honda rode twenty miles from his home hoping to see Smith demonstrate his aerial capabilities along with seeing an airplane in flight for the very first time . Although he could not afford the admission fee , seeing Smith in flight from a tree was a moment that left a deep impression on a young Soichiro Honda and cemented his interest in mechanical objects , with Soichiro ' s interest in mechanics and motorized vehicles leading to the creation of the eponymous company bearing his name .
Engelbert Endrass Lieutenant Engelbert Endrass ( ) ( 2 March 1911 – 21 December 1941 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II . He commanded the Type VIIB U - boat and the Type VIIC , sinking twenty - two ships on ten patrols , for a total of 118 , 528 tons of Allied shipping , to become the 23rd highest scoring U - Boat ace of World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . It was Germany ' s highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Engelbert Endrass . Career . Endrass began his naval career in April 1935 . After some months on the cruiser and service on escort ships , he was assigned in October 1937 to the U - boat force . He joined in December 1938 as " Leutnant zur See " . He was first Watch Officer when Günther Prien made his famous Scapa Flow attack and sank . The famous snorting bull emblem on " U - 47 " ' s conning tower was painted by Endrass before they returned . Endrass remained on " U - 47 " until December 1939 , when he left the U - boat and after some training courses took over command of in May 1940 from the relatively unsuccessful Herbert Sohler , who had only sunk two ships in five patrols . Endrass had immediate success and sank five ships , including the British auxiliary cruiser . Endrass ' success continued on his second patrol with " U - 46 " , sinking five more ships , including another British auxiliary cruiser , although the main periscope was damaged . After returning from this patrol , Endrass received the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Five patrols later he received the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross . In September 1941 Endrass left " U - 46 " , which would become a training vessel , and a month later took over . On his second patrol he was killed on December 21 , 1941 , when " U - 567 " was sunk with all hands by depth charge s from the British sloop and corvette , northeast of the Azores .
Benjamin Franklin Whittemore Benjamin Franklin Whittemore ( May 18 , 1824 - January 25 , 1894 ) was a U . S . Representative from South Carolina . Biography . Born in Malden , Massachusetts , Whittemore attended the public schools of Worcester , and received an academic education at Amherst College . He engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1859 . After studying theology , he became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church of the New England Conference in 1859 . Career . During the Civil War , Whittemore served as chaplain of the Fifty - third Regiment , Massachusetts Volunteers , and later with the Thirtieth Regiment , Veteran Volunteers . After the war was over , he settled in Darlington , South Carolina . He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1867 and was elected president of the Republican State executive board in 1867 . He founded the New Era in Darlington . He served as member of the State senate in 1868 and as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868 . Upon the readmission of South Carolina to the Union , Whittemore was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth and Forty - first Congresses and served from July 18 , 1868 , to February 24 , 1870 . He resigned , pending the investigation of his conduct in connection with certain appointments to the United States Military and Naval academies . He was censured by the House of Representatives on February 24 , 1870 , following his resignation . He presented credentials of a second election to the same Congress on June 18 , 1870 , but the House declined to allow him to take his seat . During increasing violence by Red Shirts , paramilitary insurgents who worked to suppress black voting , in 1877 Whittemore was elected to the State senate . He later resigned . Democrats had regained power in the state legislature and began to pass laws to restrict voter registration and reduce the civil rights of freedmen . Whittemore returned to Massachusetts , settling in Woburn where he became a publisher . He died in Montvale , Massachusetts , on January 25 , 1894 . He was interred in the Salem Street Cemetery , Woburn .
21st Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 21st Infantry Division was a German military unit which fought during World War II . History . The division was formed in 1934 in Elbing , East Prussia , by expanding the 3rd Prussian Infantry Regiment of the 1st Division of the old Reichswehr . As this was a direct breach of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , its existence was initially concealed ; it was formally designated as the 21st Infantry Division in October 1935 . Its East Prussian origin informed the adoption of the divisional symbol , a figure holding a shield bearing the black cross of the Teutonic Knights . Mobilised in the 1st wave in 1939 , the division took part in the German invasion of Poland and the following year ' s invasion of France . For the next four years , it fought on the Eastern Front , largely as part of Army Group North , assigned to Eighteenth Army . After being involved in series of defensive battles and retreats to Riga as the Soviet army liberated their territory , late 1944 saw the 21st Infantry Division again in East Prussia , assigned to Third Panzer Army in the area of Tilsit before being reallocated to Fourth Army and deployed in the area of Insterburg , facing the Soviet East Prussian Offensive . Along with the bulk of Fourth Army it was encircled and largely destroyed in the Heiligenbeil pocket in the closing weeks of the war . Remnants of the division ' s forces were transported over the Frisches Haff to Pillau and Samland , where the unit was eventually dispersed in battle with Soviet troops , while some elements escaped along the Frische Nehrung to Hela and eventually by sea to Schleswig - Holstein .
Lancastrian and Cumbrian Volunteers The Lancastrian and Cumbrian Volunteers is a Territorial Army unit of the British Army . It was formed on 1 July 1999 following the Strategic Defence Review by the amagamation of the 4th Battalion Queen ' s Lancashire Regiment and the 4th ( Volunteer ) Battalion of the King ' s Own Royal Border Regiment . On 1 July 2006 , the Lancastrian and Cumbrian Volunteers were amalgamated with the King ' s Regiment companies of the King ' s and Cheshire Regiment to form the new 4th Battalion ( Volunteers ) , Duke of Lancaster ' s Regiment ( King ' s Lancashire and Border ) .
USS Caspian ( ID - 1380 ) USS " Caspian " ( ID - 1380 ) was the proposed name and hull classification for a tug that never actually served in the United States Navy . SS " Caspian " was a steel - hulled commercial tug built in 1912 by John Dialogue and Son at Camden , New Jersey . In early March 1918 , the Commandant of the US Navy ' s 4th Naval District ordered that she be taken over for World War I service . The Navy assigned her the hull classification ID - 1380 in anticipation of commissioning her as USS " Caspian " . However , the Navy never took possession of her , and she remained in civilian service with her owner , P . F . Martin of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .