naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
BL 4 . 5 - inch Medium Field Gun The BL 4 . 5 inch Medium Gun was a British gun used by field artillery in the Second World War . It had nothing in common with the QF 4 . 5 inch Howitzer or the QF 4 . 5 inch AA Gun . History . The BL 4 . 5 inch gun was designed as a replacement for the 60 - pounder . It was a long range medium gun designed for the Counter - battery fire mission and used throughout the Second World War in this role . It equipped a significant proportion of medium regiments , including half the Canadian ones . The Mk 1 ordnance was designed to be mounted on the 60 pounder carriage . The Mk 2 was on a new carriage that was also used with the BL 5 . 5 inch gun that replaced the 6 inch howitzer . There were slight differences in the Mk 1 and Mk 2 ordnance but maximum range was almost identical . The Mk 1 gun was first issued in 1938 and equipped one or two regiments of the British Expeditionary Force . They also equipped at least one regiment in the North Africa campaign and some were lost in Greece . The 4 . 5 inch Mk 1 is sometimes mistaken for the 60 pounder . Both Mks were normally towed by the AEC Matador 4 x 4 medium artillery tractor . Issues of the Mk 2 ordnance on the common carriage started in 1941 and served in North Africa , Italy and North West Europe . It was withdrawn from field service in 1945 and relegated to training purposes and finally declared obsolete in 1959 . The US 4 . 5 inch gun M1 used the same shell design , Mk 1D in UK service with a 6 / 10 crh . This design was noted for its small amount of HE ( 3 . 9 lbs in a 55 lb shell ) but the larger fragments that resulted were suited to its counter - battery role . Apart from HE the only other type of shell was flare used to indicate targets for air attack . It had propellant in charges 1 , 2 and 3 . Intense rate of fire was 2 rounds per minute , Normal rate was one round , Gunfire was 2 to 3 rounds per minute .
RAF Rhine RAF Rhine was the name of the Royal Air Force command that comprised units posted to Germany in 1918 as part of the occupying forces following World War I . The RAF presence in Germany was wound down to a single squadron ( No . 12 Squadron RAF ) and " RAF Rhine " was disbanded on 2 October 1919 . After RAF Rhine disbanded the remaining units were directly under command of the Army of Occupation . RAF Rhine continued to be listed in AFL until at least Jul 1922 . Headquarters was at Bickendorf , Germany . Commanders :
Timothy O ' Donoghue Timothy O ' Donoghue ( born 1841 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions during the Red River Campaign . Born in 1841 in Rochester , New York , O ' Donoghue joined the Navy in August 1863 . He served as a seaman and boatswain ' s mate on the . On May 5 , 1864 , during an engagement with Confederates on the Red River in Louisiana , " Signal " took heavy fire and was disabled . Although wounded early in the battle , O ' Donoghue remained at his post as gun captain until being ordered to withdraw . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor seven months later , on December 31 , 1864 . O ' Donoghue left the Navy in March 1865 , but served again from May 1867 until May 1870 . O ' Donoghue ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Served as boatswain ' s mate on board the U . S . S . " Signal " , Red River , 5 May 1864 . Proceeding up the Red River , the U . S . S . " Signal " engaged a large force of enemy field batteries and sharpshooters , returning the fire until the ship was totally disabled , at which time the white flag was raised . Serving as gun captain , and wounded early in the battle , O ' Donoghue bravely stood by his gun in the face of enemy fire until ordered to withdraw .
Battle of Stołowicze The Battle of Stołowicze was a battle of the War of the Bar Confederation . It took place on the 23 September 1771 and ended with the defeat of Bar rebels by Russian general Alexander Suvorov . Michał Kazimierz Ogiński , the Bar commander , was defeated and forced into a brief exile .
United States C - class submarine The C class submarines were five boats built for the United States Navy by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy , Massachusetts , under a subcontract from the Electric Boat Company . Built between 1906 – 1909 , and in commission from 1908 – 1919 , all five were subsequently sold for scrap in 1920 . Service history . The C - class submarines served in the Atlantic Fleet . On 20 May 1913 , the five C - class boats of the First Group , Submarine Flotilla , Atlantic Fleet , departed Norfolk , Virginia for Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . They exercised in Cuban waters , principally conducting torpedo practices , until 7 December 1913 . On that date the C - class boats , now of the redesignated First Division , escorted by four surface ships , sailed for Cristóbal in the Panama Canal Zone . Five days later the ships completed the 700 mile passage , at that time the longest cruise made by United States submarines under their own power . The submarines remained there until decommissioned in 1919 .
Roderick McGregor Roderick McGregor VC ( 1822 – 9 August 1888 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . McGregor was about 31 years old , and a private in the 1st Battalion , The Rifle Brigade ( Prince Consort ' s Own ) , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . In July 1855 at the Quarries , Crimea , a bandsman going to fetch water from a well in front of the advanced trench , was killed . A number of men at once rushed out determined to drive the Russian riflemen from the pits which they occupied . Private McGregor and two others were the first to reach the Russians , whom they drove out , killing some . Private McGregor was employed as a sharpshooter in the advance trenches before Sebastopol . He crossed an open space under fire and , taking cover under a rock , dislodged two Russians who were occupying a rifle - pit . The official citation was as follows : Further information . Grave and memorial located at St . Mary ' s Churchyard , Drumnadrochit ( also known as Old Kilmore Churchyard ) near Urquhart , Highland Region , Scotland . Headstone . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum in Winchester , England .
Norwegian Association of International Shooters Medal The Norwegian Association of International Shooters Medal is a marksmanship medal awarded by Norway . Qualifications . Rifle shooting is conducted 300 meters from a 1 . 5 - meter target or 200 meters from a 1 - meter standard international target . The target must be graded by Norwegian range personnel . Weapons Class A . Precision rifle . Program : Main shooting : Weapons Class B . Standard military rifle with open sights . Program : Main shooting : Targets are to be marked after each series . Administrative . The protocol requires that scores be entered by both the unit commander and the shooting instructor . The instructor maintains the records . Scale Class A ( Precision Rifle ) Scale Class B ( Standard Army Rifle )
Fifth Battle of Ypres The Fifth Battle of Ypres ( also known as the Advance of Flanders and the Battle of the Peaks of Flanders ( ) ) is the unofficial name used to identify a series of battles in northern France and southern Belgium from late September through October 1918 . Background . After the German Spring Offensive of 1918 was stopped , German morale waned and the increasing numbers of American soldiers arriving on the Western Front gave the Allies a growing advantage over the German forces . To take advantage of this Marshal Ferdinand Foch developed a strategy which became known as the Grand Offensive in which attacks were made on the German lines over as wide a front as possible . Belgian , British and French forces around the Ypres Salient were to form the northern pincer of an offensive towards the Belgian city of Liège . The British Second Army had followed up some minor withdrawals and had fought the Action Outtersteene Ridge on 18 August , after which the front had become quiet , resulting in Allied troops in the area being well - rested by late September . Battle . The ( G . A . F . ) attacked at on 28 September , with divisions , divisions of the Second Army and divisions of the Sixth Army under the command of King Albert I of Belgium with the French General Degoutte as Chief of Staff . The British attacked without preliminary bombardment on a front up to the Ypres – Zonnebeke road , from where the Belgian army attacked on a line north to Dixmude . The Allied attacks quickly penetrated the German defences and advanced up to . The German defence was conducted by fewer than five divisions which were swiftly driven back . Much of the ground west of Passchendaele which had been abandoned during the withdrawal of early 1918 was recaptured . Rain began to fall but by the evening the British had taken Kortewilde , Zandvoorde , Kruiseecke and Becelaere ; Belgian troops had captured Zonnebeke , Poelcappelle , Schaap Baillie and Houthoulst Forest . On the southern flank , minor operations by three British divisions advanced to St . Yves , Messines and the ridge from Wytschaete to Hollebeke . Messines , Terhand and Dadizeele fell on 29 September and by 30 September , despite the captured ground becoming another slough , all of the high ground around Ypres had been occupied by the Allies . By 1 October the left bank of the Lys had been captured up to Comines and the Belgians were beyond a line from Morslede to Staden and Dixmude . The advance continued until 2 October , when German reinforcements arrived and the offensive outran its supplies . Due to the state of the ground , were delivered by parachute , from and British aircraft . Aftermath . Casualties . During this battle , the British lost the Belgians had from among and and wounded . The Allies advanced up to , with an average advance of and captured soldiers , and Subsequent operations . The offensive was continued with the Battle of Courtrai ( 14 – 19 October ) .
Chester - class cruiser The " Chester " class of light cruiser s were the first United States Navy vessels to be designed and designated as fast Scout cruiser s for fleet reconnaissance . In 1920 the Scout Cruisers were redesignated Light Cruisers . The three ships were built to slightly different designs for the sake of comparison : " Chester " was the first major combatant in the USN to have steam - turbine propulsion , of the Parsons type ; " Salem " received Curtis turbines and " Birmingham " traditional reciprocating steam engines . " Birmingham " was the first ship in the world to launch an airplane , in 1910 .
171st Ohio Infantry The 171st Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 171st OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 171st Ohio Infantry was organized in Sandusky , Ohio and mustered in May 7 , 1864 for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Joel F . Asper . The regiment served guard and fatigue duty at Johnson ' s Island until June 8 . Moved to Covington , Kentucky , then to Cynthiana , Kentucky . Attached to General Hobson ' s Command , District of Kentucky , Department of the Ohio . Action at Kellar ' s Bridge , near Cynthiana , June 11 . At Cynthiana , June 12 . After putting up strong resistance at John Hunt Morgan , the regiment was captured , robbed , and paroled June 13 and ordered to Camp Dennison near Cincinnati , Ohio . Served duty there and at Johnson ' s Island , until August . The 171st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service August 20 , 1864 . Ohio National Guard . Over 35 , 000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864 . Shipped to the Eastern Theater , they were designed to be placed in " safe " rear areas to protect railroads and supply points , thereby freeing regular troops for Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ’ s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . As events transpired , many units found themselves in combat , stationed in the path of Confederate Gen . Jubal Early ’ s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Ohio Guard units met the battle - tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington , D . C . from capture . Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy , Fort Stevens , Harpers Ferry , and in the siege of Petersburg . Casualties . The regiment lost 32 enlisted men during service ; 17 men killed or mortally wounded , 15 men due to disease .
Finlaggan Finlaggan ( , Scottish Gaelic : Port an Eilein ) is a historic site on Eilean Mòr in Loch Finlaggan . Loch , island , and castle lie around two km to the northwest of Ballygrant on Islay . Finlaggan was the seat of the Lords of the Isles and of Clan Donald . Two of the three islands that lie in the expansive scenery surrounding Loch Finlaggan , Eilean Mor ( large island ) and Eilean na Comhairle ( council isle ) , were the administration centre of the Lordship of the Isles during the 13th to 15th centuries , until 1493 when the lordship of the Isles fell to James IV of Scotland , who administered the territory via a tenant - in - chief . The Finlaggan Trust maintains the site and also refurbished a derelict cottage that has been converted into a comprehensive museum . The centre contains numerous artifacts discovered during archaeological excavations : from a sheep wool quilted aketon or under armour , to an ancient cross related to the lords . The site has been the subject of recent archaeological investigations and hosted an episode of Channel 4 ' s documentary Time Team in 1995 . During summer 2008 the centre was extensively refurbished and extended . The stone walls of a medieval chapel dedicated to St . Findlugan on Eilean Mor have been stabilised and several 16th century graves put on display and covered by large glass panels .
14th Michigan Volunteer Mounted Infantry Regiment The 14th Regiment Michigan Volunteer Mounted Infantry was a mounted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 14th Michigan Mounted Infantry was converted from the 14th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment on September 8 , 1863 , being both mounted and re - armed with Spencer Carbines at that time . The regiment was mustered out of service on July 18 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 1 officer and 58 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 3 officers and 184 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 246 fatalities .
Prussian Military Academy The Prussian Military Academy ( ) or Prussian War Academy was the military academy and staff college of the Kingdom of Prussia . It originated with the " Akademie für junge Offiziere der Infanterie und Kavallerie " ( Academy for young officers of the infantry and cavalry ) in 1801 , later becoming known as the Allgemeine Kriegsschule ( General war - school ) . It was officially re - founded by Gerhard von Scharnhorst in Berlin on October 15 , 1810 as one of three officer colleges . Its building on Unter den Linden ( 1845 / 25 ) was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . Graduating from the academy was a prerequisite for appointment to the Prussian General Staff ( later the German General Staff ) . Carl von Clausewitz enrolled as one of its first students in 1801 ( before it was renamed ) , while other attendees included Field Marshals von Steinmetz , von Moltke , and von Blumenthal in the 1820s and 1830s . Ernst Emile Von Lorenz , who served as a United States Army Commander in 1889 , was a graduate ; as well as US Army Colonel Albert Coady Wedemeyer , who served in World War II . The Academy restructured after World War I and dissolved following World War II .
HMS Rampisham ( M2786 ) HMS " Rampisham " was one of 93 ships of the of inshore minesweepers . Their names were all chosen from villages ending in " - ham " . The minesweeper was named after Rampisham in Dorset . She was renamed in December 1957 , and reverted to " Rampisham " in December 1959 . < br >
Chilean transporter Rímac ( 1872 ) The Rímac was a steamer involved in decisive actions of the War of the Pacific ( 1879 - 1884 ) and Thousand Days ' War ( 1899 - 1902 ) . After the building of the ship in the United Kingdom 1872 , she was purchased by the Compañía Sudamericana de Vapores and arrived to Chile in 1874 . On 5 May 1874 the Chilean government issued a subvention program under which Chilean enterprises supplied Navy with materiel , called " Convenio de subvención " . At the beginning of the war and under this agreement the " Rímac " was handed over to the Navy , together with the ships " Loa " and " Itata " . In May 1879 she towed the " Covadonga " to Antofagasta after the Battle of Punta Gruesa . In June 1879 the Peruvian ironclad Huáscar captured the " Rímac " with 260 men of a cavalry regiment , weapons and ammunition . This lost caused riots in Santiago and lead to the resignation of the Ministry of National Defense ( Chile ) , Basilio Urrutia Vásquez , and the commander - in - chief of the Chilean navy , Juan Williams Rebolledo . After the defeat of the Peruvian Army in the battles of San Juan and Miraflores , the Secretary of the Navy , Captain Manuel Villar , ordered during the night of January 16 , 1881 the destruction of the port defenses and the remaining ships of the Peruvian Navy , including the " Rímac " , to prevent their ( re - ) capture by the Chilean troops . The order was executed by the captains Germán Astete and Manuel Villavisencio during the dawn of January 17 , 1881 . But few months later , in June 1881 she was refloated and auctioned off to CSAV ( again ) for $ 36 , 000 . During the Thousand Days ' War in Colombia , the " Rímac " , then renamed " Lautaro " , was lend to the Conservative Party and sunk off Panama City on January 20 , 1902 , fighting against the " Admiral Padilla " of the Liberal Party .
Donald McNeill Fairfax Donald MacNeil Fairfax ( March 10 , 1818 – January 10 , 1894 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . The son of George William Fairfax , and Isabella McNeill , grandson of Ferdinando Fairfax , and great - grandson of Bryan Fairfax , he was born at the family seat of Mount Eagle , Virginia . Fairfax entered the Navy as a midshipman on August 12 , 1837 . He was the only member of the family who took the Union side in the American Civil War . The Trent Affair . As executive officer in , he was a participant in the 1861 " Trent Affair , " a diplomatic controversy involving the U . S . Navy ' s removal of Confederate commissioners from the British mail - steamer , . On November 8 , 1861 , Fairfax boarded " Trent " to remove Confederate commissioners James M . Mason and John Slidell , after the ship had been stopped by his captain , Charles Wilkes . Wilkes had given Fairfax the following written instructions : Fairfax demanded the passenger list , but Mason and Slidell identified themselves . He escorted Mason by the collar , to the cutter , and with two officers took hold of Slidell from the main cabin . He failed to claim " Trent " as a prize , citing the loss of manpower of a prize crew ( avoiding a worse incident ) . Civil War Service . Fairfax ' s distinguished service in the Civil War included command of the , and . Fairfax was later promoted to flag rank , retiring as a Rear Admiral on September 30 , 1881 . He retired to Hagerstown , Maryland where he served on the vestry of Saint John ' s Church . Admiral Fairfax died in 1894 . Namesake . In 1917 the was named in his honor .
3rd / 4th County of London Yeomanry ( Sharpshooters ) The 3rd / 4th County of London Yeomanry ( Sharpshooters ) was formed in July 1944 by the amalgamation at Carpiquet Airfield in Normandy of the two existing Sharpshooters ' regiments : the 3rd County of London Yeomanry ( Sharpshooters ) and 4th County of London Yeomanry ( Sharpshooters ) , both of which were veterans of the 8th Army . Amalgamation was necessitated by the shortage of manpower constraining the British Army at that stage of the War , coupled with the losses sustained thus far in the Normandy campaign ( including by 4th CLY at the disastrous Battle of Villers - Bocage in June 1944 ) . The Regiment remained part of the 4th Armoured Brigade ( under Brigadier — later Field - Marshal — Mike Carver ) for the remainder of the War . The Regiment was awarded 44 battle honours for its service in World War : a total only bettered ( within the Royal Armoured Corps ) by the 11th Hussars . Disbanded in Germany in 1946 , the Regiment reformed as a Territorial Army armoured regiment in 1947 . In 1961 the Regiment merged with the Kent Yeomanry to form the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry . See also . County of London Yeomanry
116th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 116th Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . History . The 116th Illinois Infantry was organized in Decatur , Illinois and mustered in for three years service on September 30 , 1862 under the command of Colonel Nathan W . Tupper . The regiment was attached to 4th Brigade , 5th Division , District of Memphis , XIII Corps , Department of the Tennessee , November 1862 . 2nd Brigade , 2nd Division , District of Memphis , XIII Corps , to December 1862 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , Sherman ' s Yazoo Expedition , to January 1863 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , XV Corps , Army of the Tennessee , to June 1865 . The 116th Illinois Infantry mustered out of service on June 7 , 1865 . The regiment lost a total of 295 men during its service ; 7 officers and 49 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 7 officers and 232 enlisted men died of disease .
750th Space Group The United States Air Force ' s 750th Space Group was a space operations unit located at Onizuka Air Force Station , California . History . The 750 SG inactivated in June 1999 , following the recommendation of the 1995 Department of Defense Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) commission . Primary responsibilities for the AFSCN and Air Force support to Space Shuttle missions transferred to the 21st Space Operations Squadron , 50th Space Wing , Schriever AFB , Colorado ; however the 22d Space Operations Squadron stood up at Onizuka AFS to provide a necessary backup .
Shahid - e - Bharat The Shahid - e - Bharat ( Martyr for India ) was a military decoration awarded by the Azad Hind Government to honour the fallen . It was awarded in gold or in silver . First instituted by Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany , it was later also awarded to troops of the Indian National Army in South East Asia . The award could be conferred with swords for valour in combat , and without swords for non - combat awards .
AMZ Żubr The AMZ Żubr is an infantry mobility vehicle produced by AMZ - Kutno which is used by the Polish military . " Żubr " is also the Polish word for wisent . It was designed by AMZ - Kutno and began production in 2008 . The standard Żubr variant , the Żubr MRAP , is based on the Iveco EuroCargo vehicle , which is produced in Poland . The Żubr was designed for enhanced protection against landmines and improvised explosive device s . The vehicle ' s hull is V - shaped to deflect blasts . The Żubr is armored against 12 . 7 - mm armor - piercing rounds and features a remotely controlled weapons station . The Żubr can carry 2000 – 5000 kg within the vehicle and can tow an additional 1500 kg . The vehicle is all wheel drive . It was designed to and is capable of being transported by the C - 130 Hercules .