naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Salmson - Moineau S . M . 1 The Salmson - Moineau S . M . 1 A3 , ( later re - designated Salmson Sal . 1 A3 ) , was a French armed three - seat biplane long range reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War designed by René Moineau for the Salmson company . Design and development . The S . M . 1 A3 was developed from 1915 to meet the French military A3 specification , which called for a three - seat long range reconnaissance aircraft with strong defensive armament . The S . M . 1 was unconventional , powered by a single Salmson 9A liquid - cooled radial engine mounted in the fuselage powering two airscrews mounted between the wings with a system of gears and drive shafts . This layout was chosen by Moineau to minimise drag . The twin airscrew layout allowed a wide field of fire for the two gunner - observers , one seated in the nose and one behind the pilot . Both gunners operated ring - mounted flexible 37 mm APX cannon built by Arsenal Puteaux . The airframe itself was relatively conventional , the boxy fuselage mounted on a system of struts between the wings . The undercarriage included a nose wheel , intended solely to prevent the aircraft nosing over , and a tail skid . One aircraft may have been fitted experimentally with a Salmson ( Canton - Unne ) P . 9 engine . A single S . M . 2 S2 aircraft , with an additional Salmson 9A engine in the nose driving a conventional tractor airscrew , was tested with poor results , due to inadequate engine cooling , in 1918 . Operational history . The aircraft was tested in early 1916 and was sufficiently successful to receive an order for 100 aircraft although the performance was inferior to the Sopwith 1½ Strutter . In service the S . M . 1 was not successful . The nose - wheel undercarriage would collapse if misused and this caused many accidents . The complicated transmission system was difficult to service in the field and the performance of the aircraft was poor . It appears that around 155 S . M . 1s were built in total . The type was largely withdrawn from service in 1917 but a small number of aircraft remained in use until late 1918 . Some S . M . 1s were supplied to the Imperial Russian Air Service , but they were no better liked in Russia .
Battle of Tyndaris The Battle of Tyndaris was a naval battle of the First Punic War , which took place off Tyndaris ( modern Tindari ) in 257 BC . Tyndaris was a Sicilian town founded as a Greek colony in 396 BC located on the high ground overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea in the Gulf of Patti . Hiero II , the tyrant of Syracuse , allowed Tyndaris to become a base for the Carthaginians . The battle , took place in the waters between Tyndaris and the Aeolian Islands , with Gaius Atilius Regulus in command of the Roman fleet . Subsequently , the town fell to Rome . The battle . Gaius Atilius Regulus ' fleet was anchored off Tyndaris when he observed the Carthaginian fleet sailing past and not in any formation . He gave orders for the main body of his ships to follow the leading ships . He then took an advance guard of ten ships and sailed towards the Carthaginians . The Carthaginians noticed that the advance guard had managed to outdistance the main body of the Roman fleet and that other Romans were still boarding their ships . Taking the initiative the Carthaginians turned and engaged the Roman squadron and sank nine Roman ships . Meanwhile the rest of the Roman fleet arrived and formed a line . The Romans then engaged the Carthaginians sinking eight and capturing ten of their ships . The remainder of the Carthaginian ships retreated the Aeolian Islands . This naval engagement was followed by the battle of Cape Ecnomus .
Ukuru - class escort ship The were a class of ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . The Japanese called these ships " Kaibōkan " , " ocean defence ships " ( " Kai " = sea , ocean , " Bō " = defense , " Kan " = ship ) , a name used to denote a multi - purpose vessel . The twenty - nine ships of the " Ukuru " class were a major part of Japan ' s escort force from the middle of World War II . They were denoted " Modified Type B " ( ) ships , and they were the fourth class of " Kaibokan " . The " Ukurus " , like the , were dedicated to the anti - aircraft and anti - submarine role . The Ukuru class was a further simplification of the " Mikura " design . The " Ukurus " were constructed using prefabricated sections that enabled them to be built in as little as four months . Despite being easy to build , they proved quite durable , with 11 occurrences of the class striking mines and only 3 sinking , one of which was after the war . " Ikuna " survived being torpedoed by the and striking a mine as well . The " Ukuru " class was initially armed with 120 depth charges with 2 Type 94 depth charge projectors , sixteen Type 3 depth charge throwers and two depth charge chutes and would later receive an 8 cm trench mortar . The number of AA machine guns was increased to 16 to 20 25mm . They received Type 22 and Type 13 radars , and Type 93 or Type 3 sonar in 1943 - 1944 . " Okinawa " was the most successful ship of the class , helping to sink two US submarines , the on April 14 , 1945 with the kaibokans " CD - 8 , CD - 32 " , and " CD - 52 " ; and on June 19 , 1945 with kaibokans " CD - 63 , CD - 75 , CD - 158 " , and " CD - 207 " Ships . There were 29 ships completed of 142 planned .
Union of Mujahadin The Union of Mujahadin was an alliance of seven mujahidin groups in Afghanistan . According to Vijay Prashad , Director of the International Studies Program at Trinity College , Hartford , Connecticut , the coalition was founded in 1981 , as a coalition of the groups fighting against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan . According to Tom Lansford , the author of " " , the group was formed in 1985 . Both Prashad and Lansford asserted the Union was founded under pressure from the United States , Saudi Arabia and Pakistan . Lansford asserted that the Union ' s primary backers were Saudi . Prashad identified Osama bin Laden as one of the primary Saudi financial backers . During his Combatant Status Review Tribunal Guantanamo captive Swar Khan was alleged to have sworn loyalty to the Union of Mujahadin .
United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory The United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory ( MCWL ) was established in 1995 , at Marine Corps Base Quantico , Virginia . The organization was originally known as the Commandant ' s Warfighting Laboratory . The warfighting lab is part of the Marine Corps Combat Development Command ( MCCDC ) and its stated purpose is to improve current and future naval expeditionary warfare capabilities across the spectrum of conflict for current and future operating forces . The organization is in charge of various aspects of advanced techniques and technology in the United States Marine Corps , and is also responsible for overseeing the Urban Warrior program . Recently the MCWL has been overseeing the testing and implementation of distributed operations at the behest of General James Amos , the former Commanding General of MCCDC .
Bronisław Prugar - Ketling Bronisław Prugar - Ketling ( 2 July 1891 , Trześniów , Subcarpathian Voivodeship - 18 February 1948 , Warsaw ) was a Polish general . He was a member of Polish Military Organisation in World War I , later served in the Blue Army . He fought in the Polish - Soviet War . During German invasion of Poland he commanded the Polish 11th Infantry Division in Karpaty Army . Under his command the 11th I . D . defeated the mechanized groups of the SS " Germania " Regiment in the Battle of Jaworów . In Sikorski ' s Army ( Polish Army in France ) , commanded the Second Infantry Fusiliers Division . After the fall of France , he was interned in Switzerland . Returned to Poland and reenlisted in the People ' s Army of Poland .
Cecil Levita Lieutenant Colonel Sir Cecil Bingham Levita , KCVO , CBE , DL ( 18 January 1867 – 10 October 1953 ) was a British soldier and public service worker who eventually rose to be chairman of the London County Council in 1928 . Career . British Army . Levita attended the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich and was commissioned a Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1886 . He started his career as a soldier serving in the Second Matabele War and the Second Boer War where he was A . D . C . to Lieutenant - General Sir Baker Russell . He was later appointed a special service officer and a D . A . A . G . in the Natal Field Force . He was mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Queen ' s medal with three clasps . He was created an MVO in 1901 . He retired from the army with rank of major in October 1909 . During the First World War he was recalled from the reserve to serve as General Staff Officer . After the war he was awarded the honorary rank of lieutenant colonel and made a CBE for " valuable services rendered in connection with the War " . Politics . In 1910 Levita contested the UK Parliament constituency division of Cornwall in the General Election as a Liberal Unionist but was unsuccessful . However , in 1911 he was elected at a by - election to the London County Council as a member of the Conservative - backed Municipal Reform Party , where he represented UK Parliament constituency for over 25 years . He sat on numerous committees including serving as chairman of the housing committee and chairman of the London County Council from 1928 to 1929 . He was Knighted at the end of his term as chairman for " public and political services " . He was largely responsible for founding the King George Hospital in Ilford to serve the population of the large LCC estate at Becontree . Levita was appointed a KCVO in 1932 " Talking Mongoose Case " . His career was somewhat overshadowed by an episode in 1936 which became known as the " Talking Mongoose Case " . Levita had alleged that Richard S . Lambert , the founding editor of " The Listener " was unfit to serve on the board of the British Film Institute ( on which his wife served ) because Lambert had published an article about a house which was supposedly haunted by Gef the talking mongoose . Lambert then brought an action for slander against Levita which he continued to pursue despite pressure from Sir Stephen Tallents , controller of administration and the chairman of the BBC Ronald Collet Norman who was a friend of Levita ' s . Lambert won substantial damages and the case prompted an enquiry launched by then Prime Minister into the rights of a public corporation to control the extraneous activities of their employees . The enquiry resulted in practices of the Civil Service being implemented within the BBC . Family . On 30 May 1917 Levita married Florence Woodruff , widow of George Aman of Bucharest and daughter of William Robb . The couple had one son and one daughter . He died at his home in Hove , Sussex in October 1953 aged 86 .
Friedrich - Wilhelm Buschhausen Friedrich - Wilhelm Buschhausen ( 11 December 1908 – 1 October 2004 ) was a highly decorated Unteroffizier in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich - Wilhelm Buschhausen was captured by American troops during the fall of Tunisia . He was held captive until 1947 .
Ilan Harari llan Harari is a retired Israel Defense Forces brigadier general who served as chief education officer of the Education and Youth Corps . Harari served in various combat positions , including a command position in the Nahal Brigade and as a battalion commander in the Golani Brigade . On September 22 , 2006 , he announced his retirement and stated that Israel had lost the Lebanon War . General Yiftah Ron - Tal voiced the same opinion . Israel ' s Chief of Staff Dan Halutz disputed this assessment . As head of a project to identify acts of heroism during the war , Harari said : " We heard about the complaints , the difficulties , the confusion , but in all that , there are plenty of heroic tales . . . and these should be elevated so that every division in the IDF knows what happened there . . . "
53rd Corps ( German Empire ) The 53rd Corps ( ) was a corps formation of the German Army in World War I . It was formed in September 1916 and was still in existence at the end of the war . Chronicle . The 53rd Corps ( z . b . V . ) was formed in September 1916 . With the onset of trench warfare , the German Army recognised that it was no longer possible to maintain the traditional Corps unit , that is , one made up of two divisions . Whereas at some times ( and in some places ) a Corps of two divisions was sufficient , at other times 5 or 6 divisions were necessary . Therefore , under the Hindenburg regime ( from summer 1916 ) , new Corps headquarters were created without organic divisions . These new Corps were designated " General Commands for Special Use " ( ) . Commanders . The 53rd Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Kosmos 2447 Kosmos 2447 ( meaning " Cosmos 2447 " ) is one of a set of three Russia n military satellites launched in 2008 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system . It was launched with Kosmos 2448 and Kosmos 2449 . This satellite is a GLONASS - M satellite , also known as Uragan - M , and is numbered Uragan - M No . 727 . Kosmos 2447 / 8 / 9 were launched from Site 81 / 24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - M carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 10 : 43 UTC on 25 December 2008 . The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2008 - 067A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 33466 . It is not currently part of the GLONASS constellation . It was in orbital slot 3 but was taken out of service on 8 September 2010 due to equipment failure .
Battle of Montes Claros The Battle of Montes Claros , was fought on 17 June 1665 , near Vila Viçosa , between Spanish and Portuguese as the last battle in the Portuguese Restoration War . It was a great Portuguese victory and is considered as one of the most important battles in the country ' s history . Prelude . The Spanish were determined to end Portuguese independence . The Marquis of Caracena had planned to march to occupy Lisbon , taking first Vila Viçosa , followed by Setúbal . The Portuguese were prepared and had foreseen such an attack . 3 , 500 men were moved from Trás - os - Montes in the north to Alentejo in the south . A further 7 , 800 men came from Lisbon , under command of António Luís de Meneses , who had beaten the Spanish in the Battle of the Lines of Elvas , six years earlier . Caracena army moved into Portugal . He first took Borba without resistance , after it that had been abandoned by the Portuguese . He then moved to Vila Viçosa , that was well defended and offered a stiff resistance to the attackers . Meanwhile , the main body of the Portuguese army had set itself in motion towards the besieged city , but it stopped in Montes Claros , halfway between Vila Viçosa and Estremoz . Caracena , informed of the approach of the Portuguese army , gave immediate orders to march towards the enemy . Battle . The Spanish cavalry attacked in great numbers , and opened breaches in the Portuguese infantry lines . Then they were met by hails of artillery fire and had to withdraw . A second Spanish cavalry attack again caused many casualties in the Portuguese infantry lines , but again they had to withdraw with considerable losses , due to artillery fire . The battle raged on and the fighting was extremely intense . The Count of Mertola , commander of the British contingent and military advisor , had his horse shot from underneath him . The Spanish had placed all their hopes on the cavalry charges and started to lose hope . After 7 hours of fighting , the Portuguese launched a counterattack . The Spanish army started to fall apart and fled in disorder towards Badajoz , leaving behind all their artillery and many dead , wounded and prisoners , the latter being eight generals . Aftermath . This battle definitively secured the Portuguese independence from Spain . The Spanish did not attempt another invasion , and signed the Treaty of Lisbon three years later , recognizing Portugal ' s new ruling dynasty , the House of Braganza .
XIII SS Army Corps XIII SS Army Corps was formed August 1944 at Breslau . It was moved to France and the Western Front . By the end of April 1945 , some XIII Corps operated in Czechoslovakia where they encountered the 97th Infantry Division . Others fought north of the Danube River near Regen .
Fairey Gordon The Fairey Gordon was a British light bomber ( " 2 seat day bomber " ) and utility aircraft . The Gordon was a conventional two - bay fabric - covered metal biplane . It was powered by variants of the Armstrong Siddeley Panther IIa engine . Armament was one fixed , forward - firing Vickers machine gun and a Lewis Gun in the rear cockpit , plus of bombs . The aircraft was somewhat basic ; instrument s were airspeed indicator , altimeter , oil pressure gauge , tachometer , turn and bank indicator and compass . Development . The Gordon was developed from the III F , primarily by use of the new Armstrong Siddeley Panther engine . The prototype was first flown on the 3 March 1931 , and around 80 earlier IIIFs were converted to a similar standard , 178 new - built aircraft were made for the RAF , a handful of IIIFs being converted on the production line . 154 Mark Is were produced , before production switched to the Mark II with larger fin and rudder ; only 24 of these were completed before production switched to the Swordfish . The naval version of the Gordon , used by the Royal Navy , was known as the Seal . Service . The type had mostly been retired from Royal Air Force and Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm service prior to the Second World War , although No . 6 Squadron RAF , No . 45 Squadron RAF , and No . 47 Squadron RAF , still operated the type in Egypt . Six of these aircraft were transferred to the Egyptian Air Force . 49 Gordons were dispatched to the Royal New Zealand Air Force in April 1939 , 41 entering brief service as pilot trainers . The RNZAF found the aircraft worn out and showing signs of their service in the Middle East - including at least one scorpion . The last of these - and the last intact Gordon anywhere - was struck off RNZAF service in 1943 . 7 Gordons were stationed at No 4 Flying Training School , ( RAF Habbaniya ) , Iraq in early 1941 . This flight , adapted from the target towing role to which it had by then been relegated back to a bombing role , played a part in the defense of Habbaniya against the Iraqi forces threatening and then attacking the School . Survivors . The only known survivor is RNZAF Gordon Mark I NZ629 , which is under restoration in New Zealand . On 12 April 1940 two trainee pilots Wilfred Everist and Walter Raphael of 1 Service Flying Training School were flying NZ629 from Wigram when they encountered thick cloud and were blown towards the Southern Alps . The aircraft crash landed in beech forest just beneath the snowline on Mount White . Everist and Raphael tramped to a shearers hut . The airframe , minus instruments , guns and engine , was left suspended in trees at the crash site , ( part of a large sheep station ) . In 1976 , it was relocated - still largely suspended from trees - by Charles Darby , with assistance from Walter Raphael , ( Everist was killed in action over France ) . NZ629 was recovered by Aerospatiale Lama . It was stored for over twenty years before restoration commenced . As of 2005 the restorers were looking for an engine .
James L . Carey James Lemuel Carey ( 24 December 1839 - 15 May 1919 ) was a Union Army soldier who was awarded the Medal of Honor in the American Civil War . He was born in Onondaga County , New York . Carey enlisted in the Army from Syracuse , New York in December 1861 ( his name was misspelled as James C . Cary ) , and was assigned to the 10th New York Cavalry . He was promoted to Sergeant in March 1865 . He transferred to the 1st New York Provisional Cavalry in June 1865 , and mustered out with that regiment the next month . Carey was buried in Chartiers Cemetery in Carnegie , Pennsylvania Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company G , 10th New York Cavalry . Place and date : At Appomattox Courthouse , Va . , 9 April 1865 . Entered service at : - - - - - - Birth : Onondaga County , N . Y . Date of issue : Unknown . Daring bravery and urging the men forward in a charge .
Outstanding Airman badge The Outstanding Airman Badge is a decoration of the United States Air Force and part of the 12 Outstanding Airmen of the Year program jointly run by the US Air Force and Air Force Association . The 12 Outstanding Airmen wear the Outstanding Airman badge for one year and are permanently awarded the Outstanding Airman of the Year Ribbon with the bronze service star device . They also serve on the Air Force Enlisted Council for one year .
Willard Miller Willard Dwight Miller ( June 5 , 1877 – February 19 , 1959 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Spanish - American War . Biography . Willard Miller was born in Maitland , Nova Scotia on June 5 , 1877 . He enlisted in the U . S . Navy from the state of Massachusetts and served during the Spanish - American War as a crew member of the gunboat . On May 11 , 1898 he took part in a small boat operation that cut the underwater telegraph cable off Cienfuegos , Cuba , and received the Medal of Honor for his conduct during the action ( the Battle of Cienfuegos ) . Miller ' s younger brother , Harry Herbert Miller , was also awarded the Medal of Honor for the same action , making the two men one of only eight pairs of brothers to be awarded the medal . Miller left the Navy in 1906 and later served in the U . S . Lighthouse Service . He died on February 19 , 1959 at age 81 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . His grave can be found in Section 46 , Lot 15 . Medal of Honor citation . Seaman Miller ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Nashville " during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , May 11 , 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Miller displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
27th Lancers The 27th Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the British Army from 1941 to 1945 . The regiment was raised in June 1941 from a cadre of personnel taken from the 12th Royal Lancers , and was assigned to 11th Armoured Division as the divisional reconnaissance regiment . It was later withdrawn and held under command of GHQ . In 1943 , it was shipped to Egypt and in 1944 moved to Italy , where it served as an independent reconnaissance regiment for the Allied Force Headquarters , and finished the war in Austria , where it was disbanded in August 1945 . Some personnel were transferred to the 12th Lancers . Battle Honours . " The Second World War " : Gothic Line , Savio Bridgehead , Capture of Ravenna , Menate , Filo , Argenta Gap , Bologna , Gaiana Crossing , Italy 1944 - 45