naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Huckaback Operation Huckaback was a British Commando raid during the Second World War . The raid was carried out by No . 62 Commando also known as the Small Scale Raiding Force ( SSRF ) over the night of 27 / 28 February 1943 . The raid was originally planned for the night of 9 / 10 February 1943 , as simultaneous raids on Herm , Jethou and Brecqhou . The objective was to take prisoners and gain information about the situation in the occupied Channel Islands . It was to be carried out by 42 men from the SSRF and No . 4 Commando , but was cancelled because of bad weather . Huckaback was reinvented as a raid on Herm alone on the night of 27 / 28 February 1943 . Ten men of the SSRF under Captain Patrick Anthony Porteous VC landed to the north - west of Selle Rocque on a shingle beach . After three unsuccessful attempts to scale the cliff , Porteous finally managed to climb up the bed of a stream and pulled the others up with a rope . On reaching Belvoir House , they found it had been broken into and left abandoned . Further reconnaissance found that the Old Tower of Herm and the Château were also deserted . The raid did not find any signs of the German occupation troop or the island ' s population .
317th Bombardment Squadron The 317th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 88th Bombardment Group . It was inactivated at Avon Park Army Airfield , Florida on 1 May 1944 . History . Established in early 1942 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment squadron . Was assigned to II Bomber Command as a heavy bomber Operational Training Unit ( OTU ) . The squadron was assigned primarily to airfields in the Pacific Northwest under II BC ; performing training of new units , then becoming a Replacement Training Unit ( RTU ) . Reassigned to III Bomber Command in November 1943 when Second Air Force began to exclusively train B - 29 Superfortress aircrews . Continued as a B - 17 RTU until the end of heavy bomber training of replacement aircrews in May 1944 ; was inactivated .
Aachen Flugzeugbau Aachen Flugzeugbau was a German aircraft manufacturer of the early 20th century , established around the time of World War I . With the end of the war , and the prohibition on powered flight in Germany , the firm began to specialise in sailplane construction , and in 1921 became known as Aachener Segelflugzeugbau , producing designs by Wolfgang Klemperer . It was purchased by Junkers in 1923 .
Dicaearchus of Aetolia Dicaearchus , Dicearchus , or Diceärch ( died 196 BC ) was an Aetolian commander and pirate . In 205 – 204 BC , Dicaearchus was employed by Philip V of Macedon to raid the Cyclades and Rhodian ships . Dicaearchus had a tradition in which wherever he landed he would build two temples , one to Asebeia , which means " impiety " , and another to Paranomia , which means " lawlessness " . Dicaearchus was later captured by the Egyptians , and he was racked and scourged before being put to death .
Ouvrage La Séréna Ouvrage La Séréna is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line . The ouvrage consists of one entry block at an altitude of . Two more blocks were planned but not completed before the invasion of France in 1940 . Description . The " ouvrage " controlled the Col del la Séréna .
Felix Graf von Bothmer Felix Graf von Bothmer ( 10 December 1852 – 18 March 1937 ) was a German general , notably during the Brusilov offensive of 1916 . Military Career and After . In 1871 Bothmer joined the Bavarian Army . He spent the next forty years serving in the Bavarian War Ministry or on the Royal Bavarian Army General Staff , with three years in Berlin with the Prussian General Staff . During this time he rose through the ranks , reaching " General der Infanterie " in 1910 . On 30 November 1914 he was appointed to command the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division at Ypres . On 22 March 1915 he was given the command of Corps Bothmer , a unit raised to help defend the passes of the Carpathian Mountains against Russian attacks that directly threatened Hungary . He won the battle of Zwinin which took place from 5 February – 9 April 1915 , and was thus in the right place to take part in the great German advance after the breakthrough during the Gorlice – Tarnów Offensive in May 1915 . After 6 July 1915 , he had Hans Ritter von Hemmer as Chief of General Staff . On 7 July , he was awarded the Pour le Mérite for outstanding leadership and distinguished military planning and successful operations during the battles of Dniester , Gnila - Lipa , and Zlota - Lipa . He was awarded Oakleaves on 25 July 1917 for his actions during the battle around the city of Brzezany during the German summer offensive on the eastern front , as well as for his outstanding leadership and organization during the battle at the bridgehead at Zbrucz . He also received the Grand Cross of the Bavarian ( Bayern ) Military Order of Max Joseph . His units stood firm against the Brusilov Offensive of June 1916 . In 1917 he was appointed to command the 19th Army in Lorraine . He remained there until 8 November 1918 , while to his north the German front crumbled . Bothmer retired from the army later in November 1918 . Bothmer ’ s last job in the army , again along with von Hemmer , was as an adviser for the Bavarian Ministry for Military Affairs from November to December 1918 , mostly overseeing the demobilization of the soon - to - be - disbanded Bavarian Army . Count Bothmer died in Munich on March 18 , 1937 and , contrary to his family ' s wishes , Hitler ' s government ordered a state funeral . He was eulogized by Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria . Family . Bothmer ' s father was an army general and belonged to the German nobility . Felix Graf von Bothmer married Auguste Baldinger on July 22 , 1882 . They had 2 daughters together . Decorations and honors . Bavaria Prussia Other German states Other countries The orders above which were from Allied nations were awarded prior to World War I .
Lofton R . Henderson Lofton R . Henderson ( May 24 , 1903 – June 4 , 1942 ) was a naval aviator in the United States Marine Corps during World War II . He was the Commanding Officer of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 241 ( VMSB - 241 ) at the Battle of Midway and is recognized as the first Marine Aviator to die during that battle while leading his squadron to attack the Japanese carrier forces . Biography . Lofton Henderson was born on May 24 , 1903 in Lorain , Ohio . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1926 . Prior to World War II , he served in China , and various Caribbean stations , and on aircraft carrier s " Langley " ( CV - 1 ) , " Ranger " ( CV - 4 ) , and " Saratoga " ( CV - 3 ) . Major Henderson was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism at the historic Battle of Midway , one of the decisive battles of history . While leading 16 Marine Corps planes in a glide bombing attack on the aircraft carrier " Hiryū " , his left wing burst into flames as he began his final approach . Henderson continued the attack and perished as his plane dived toward the enemy carrier . Honors . Navy Cross citation . HENDERSON , LOFTON R . Major , U . S . Marine Corps Marine Scout - Bombing Squadron 241 ( VMSB - 241 ) , Marine Aircraft Group 22 ( MAG - 22 ) , Naval Air Station , Midway Date of Action : June 4 , 1942 Citation : " The Navy Cross is presented to Lofton R . Henderson , Major , U . S . Marine Corps , for extraordinary heroism as Squadron Commander of Marine Scout - Bombing Squadron TWO HUNDRED FORTY - ONE ( VMSB - 241 ) , during action against enemy Japanese forces in the Battle of Midway on June 4 , 1942 . With utter disregard for his own personal safety , Major Henderson , with keen judgment and courageous aggressiveness in the face of strong enemy fighter opposition , led his squadron in an attack which contributed materially to the defeat of the enemy . He was subsequently reported as missing in action . It is believed he gallantly gave up his life in the service of his country . " In addition to the Navy Cross , Major Henderson was also eligible for the following awards - Other . In August 1942 , the partially constructed Japanese airfield on Guadalcanal was captured at the outset of a six - month campaign to expel the enemy from both Guadalcanal and its sister island Tulagi . It was named Henderson Field in his honor . In 1945 , the Gearing class destroyer USS " Henderson " ( DD - 785 ) was named after him . The 21st Street Bridge in his hometown of Lorain , Ohio was renamed the Lofton Henderson Memorial Bridge .
Alexander Godfrey Alexander Godfrey was an 18th - century British privateer . Godfrey was born in Chatham , Massachusetts in c . 1756 , and later moved to Nova Scotia . In 1791 he married Phoebe West . Alexander Godfrey served as a privateer He was commander of the British privateer brig " Rover " which defeated a Spanish squadron off the Spanish Main in 1800 . He died of yellow fever in Jamaica in 1803 . His only child Ruth , who died of burns , is buried in Liverpool , Nova Scotia ' s historic cemetery .
Canon de 75 mle TR The Canon de 75 mle TR was a field gun used by Belgium during World War I and World War II . It was a license - built copy of the Krupp M 1905 gun . Production continued during World War I until the Germans overran the factory in 1914 . After 1940 , the Wehrmacht designated this as the 7 . 5 cm FK 235 ( b ) and armed occupation forces in Belgium with them .
Recruiting Act 1778 The Recruiting Act 1778 ( 18 Geo . 3 c . 53 ) is an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of Great Britain . It was a press Act " for the more easy and better recruiting of his Majesty ' s Land Forces " . After the losses at the Battle of Saratoga in the American Revolutionary War and the apprehended hostilities with France , the existing voluntary enlistment measures were judged to be insufficient . It provided that each volunteer receive a bounty of £3 , and that he should be entitled to discharge after three years unless the nation were at war . It also empowered the justices of the peace to levy and deliver to the recruiting officers " all able - bodied idle , and disorderly persons , who could not upon examination prove themselves to exercise and industrially follow some lawful trade or employment , or to have some substance sufficient for their support and maintenance " . A reward of 10s . was offered to the discoverer of any person liable within the provisions of the Act . Impressed men could demand discharge after five years , unless the nation were at war . Geographically its operation was confined , by the direction of the secretary of war , to Scotland and to " the City of London , the city and liberties of Westminster , and such parts of the County of Middlesex as are within the Bills of Mortality " . The chief advantage of this Act was in the number of volunteers brought in under the apprehension of impressment . The Act received royal assent on 28 May 1778 . It was repealed by section 1 of the Recruiting Act 1779 and replaced by that Act .
Merchant Marine Meritorious Service Medal The Merchant Marine Meritorious Service Medal is a decoration of the United States Merchant Marine . It is awarded to any seamen of any ship operated by or for the War Shipping Administration who is commended by the Administrator for conduct or service of a meritorious nature , but not sufficient to warrant the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal . Regulations state that not more than one medal shall be issued to any one seaman , but for each succeeding instance sufficient to justify the award of a medal , there will be awarded a suitable insignia to be worn with the medal . Although the Merchant Marine Meritorious Service Medal is considered a federal service decoration , it may be worn on the uniforms of active duty service members . Design Notes . Designed by Paul Manship , subsequent awards of the medal are represented by 5 / 16th inch gold stars affixed to both the suspension ribbon and the ribbon bar .
Richard Menhinick Commodore Richard Temple Menhinick is a senior officer in the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Naval career . He joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1976 , finishing his training in 1980 he underwent training as a Principal Warfare Officer and in 1983 was posted as the naval Aide - de - Camp to the Governor of Tasmania Sir James Plimsoll . Menhinick went on to serve as exchange officer with the Royal Navy onboard HMS Cardiff . Menhinick served as the commanding officer of HMAS Anzac , HMAS Warramunga and served as the executive officer of HMAS Hobart . He was serving as the Commandant of the Australian Command and Staff College until 2012 when he handed over to Brigadier Peter Gates .
31st Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment Service . The 31st Maine Regiment was organized at Augusta , Maine in March and April 1864 and mustered into service on April 17 , 1864 for a three year enlistment . The regiment left Maine for Washington , D . C . on April 18 , 1864 and was attached to the 2nd Brigade , 2nd Division , IX Corps , Army of the Potomac , in which it remained for the remainder of the war . The 31st commenced active campaigning on May 4 , 1864 and took its first battle casualties two days later in the Battle of the Wilderness , where it suffered heavy losses . The regiment fought again at Spotsylvania Court House on May 12 , again taking heavy casualties : 12 killed , 75 wounded and 108 missing in action . The regiment fought in engagements at Totopotomoy Creek on May 31 and June 1 . Between the 4th and 12 June , the regiment was before the Confederate works at Cold Harbor , then crossed the James River and fought in the Battle of Petersburg and then remained there for the remainder of the siege . In the July 30 Battle of the Crater , it was the first regiment into the Confederate works and lost heavily in the failed assault . The 31st was in support during the Battle of the Weldon Railroad , followed by the Battle of Poplar Springs Church on September 30 . October 1864 was spent on picket duty and drill where it absorbed the 4th and 6th Companies of Maine Unassigned Infantry as companies L and M . On October 27 , it was assigned to Fort Fisher , where they remained until the end of November when it was reassigned as the garrison of Fort Davis . The 31st Maine absorbed the 32nd Maine Regiment on December 12 , 1864 , adding 15 officers and 470 enlisted men to its ranks . The regiment remained in reserve from February 11 , 1865 until the early morning of April 2 , when it was chosen to provide the initial storming party of three companies for the assault on Fort Mahone . The regiment suffered heavy losses in the attack . . It participated in the occupation of Petersburg and spent the rest of the campaign gathering up prisoners and escorting them to the rear . On April 29 , the regiment marched to City Point , Virginia and sailed to Alexandria , Virginia , arriving at that city on the 27th . The regiment participated in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 23 , 1865 and was mustered out of service on July 15 , 1865 . The Regiment , and the Battle of the Crater in general , is portrayed in the film " Cold Mountain " ( 2003 ) . Total strength and casualties . 1 , 595 men served in the 31st Maine Infantry Regiment at one point or another during its service . It lost 183 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds . 491 men were wounded in action , 176 died of disease , and 34 died in Confederate prisons , and 18 officer deaths , for a total of 411 fatalities from all causes .
USS Cook ( FF - 1083 ) The USS " Cook " ( FF - 1083 ) was a Knox class frigate built for the United States Navy by Avondale Shipyard , Bridge City , Louisiana . Her keel was laid 20 March 1970 , she was launched 23 January 1971 and delivered 9 December 1971 . " Cook " was commissioned 18 December 1971 and decommissioned 30 April 1992 . She was struck 11 January 1995 and disposed of through the Security Assistance Program ( SAP ) , and transferred to Taiwan 29 September 1999 . She is currently serving the Republic of China Navy ( ROCN ) as the " Hai - Yang " ( FFG - 936 ) with additional re - modifications .
German submarine U - 306 German submarine " U - 306 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 16 September 1941 at the " Flender Werke " yard at Lübeck as ' werk ' 306 , launched on 29 August 1942 and commissioned on 21 October under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Claus von Botha . During her career , the U - boat sailed on five combat patrols , sinking one ship and damaging two others , before she was sunk in October 1943 in mid - Atlantic , northwest of the Azores by British warships . She was a member of three wolfpack s . Service history . The boat ' s service life began with training with the 8th U - boat Flotilla in October 1942 . She was then transferred to the 1st flotilla for operations on 1 March . 1st patrol . The submarine ' s first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 25 February 1943 . On 24 April she sank the " Amerika " south of Cape Farewell , Greenland . The next day she damaged the " Silvermaple " . She arrived in Brest in occupied France , on 9 May . 2nd and 3rd patrols . " U - 306 " s second foray was relatively uneventful ; starting in Brest , it took her as far south as Guinea - Bissau . Off the Gambia , she damaged the " Kaipara " on 16 July 1943 . The boat then docked in Lorient on 11 August . Her third sortie was rather brief , lasting between 23 and 24 September 1943 . 4th patrol . On her fourth patrol , she sailed along the French Atlantic coast toward St . Nazaire . 5th patrol and loss . The boat was sunk northwest of the Azores by depth charge s dropped from the British destroyer HMS " Whitehall " and the corvette HMS " Geranium " on 31 October 1943 . Fifty - one men died ; there were no survivors .
USS Penobscot ( SP - 982 ) USS " Penobscot " ( SP - 982 / YT - 42 / YTB - 42 ) was a commercial harbor tugboat purchased by the U . S . Navy at the start of World War I . " Penobscot " performed her towing services for the 5th Naval District on the U . S . East Coast , and continued to do so for the 3rd Naval District through the end of World War II . She was finally retired from Navy service in 1947 . Commercial activity . The second ship to be so named by the U . S . Navy , " Penobscot " ( SP – 982 ) , a 121 - foot - long harbor tug , was built as " Luckenbach No . 5 " by Risdon Iron Works , San Francisco , California , in 1904 . Under the name " Dauntless " she operated on the Pacific Ocean Coast until 1916 , then moved to the Atlantic Ocean seaboard . World War I service . She was acquired by the U . S . Navy from Luckenbach Steamship Co . and placed in service 29 August 1917 as SP – 982 . Through World War I she served as a section patrol craft in the 5th Naval District , operating in Hampton Roads , Virginia , and the Elizabeth River . and in Italian waters during the remainder of World War I . She also served in Europe , and suffered a fire off Villa Franca , Italy , on 5 October 1918 that took the life of one person . World War II service . Shortly after World War I she was redesignated YT – 42 and assigned harbor duties in the 3rd Naval District . She was slated for replacement in 1939 , but war extended her period of use to the Navy . Through World War II she continued to serve the Fleet as a tug in New York Harbor . Final decommissioning . Redesignated YTB 42 in May 1944 , " Penobscot " remained active until 29 October 1945 , when she was placed out of service at New York City . Struck from the Navy List 17 April 1946 , she was turned over to the U . S . Maritime Commission 31 January 1947 for disposal .
Tran Van Tra Trần Văn Trà ( 1918 – April 20 , 1996 ) was a commander in the Vietcong ; a member of the Central Committee of the Lao Dong Party ( North Vietnamese communist party ) from 1960 to 1982 ; a lieutenant general in the army of the North Vietnam ; chairman of Military Affairs Committee of the Central Office of South Vietnam ( COSVN ) ( 1964 – 1976 ) . The son of a bricklayer , Tra was born in Quảng Ngãi Province in 1918 . He joined the Indochinese Communist Party in 1938 and spent the years of the Second World War in a French prison . Between 1946 and 1954 , Tra fought against the French in the Vietnam People ' s Army and became a general in 1961 , commanding communist forces in the southern half of South Vietnam . During the days of Indochina war with the French , the Viet Minh recruited more than 600 defeated Japanese soldiers to fight with them . In June , 1946 , some of these Japanese followers became instructors in a military school set up by the Viet Minh in Quang Ngai Province , Tra ' s birthplace , to teach fighting skills to more than 400 Vietnamese trainees . It is not known if Tra may have been one of the organizers or attendees at this military training school . He was Commander of 7th Military Region ( 1949 - 1950 ) and Vice Commander of Cochinchina ( 1951 - 1954 ) . During the Vietnam War against the Americans and South Vietnamese , he led the attack on Saigon during the Tet Offensive of 1968 and commanded the B - 2 Front during the Easter Offensive . During a 1974 meeting of North Vietnamese military leaders in Hanoi , Tra argued against a conservative strategy during the coming year and suggested that South Vietnam ' s Phước Long Province be attacked in order to test both South Vietnamese and American military reaction . The attack was successful and the U . S . did not respond militarily , prompting larger , more aggressive communist operations . In April 1975 , Tra became deputy commander of the A75 headquarters under Senior General Văn Tiến Dũng during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign , the final assault on Saigon which led to the capitulation of the South Vietnamese government . He was vice minister of defense from 1978 to 1982 . In 1982 , Tra published " Vietnam : A History of the Bulwark B - 2 Theater " , which revealed how the Hanoi Politburo had overestimated its own military capabilities and underestimated those of the U . S . and South Vietnam prior to and during the Tet Offensive . This account offended and embarrassed the leaders of the newly - unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam and ultimately led to his purging from the party . He lived under house arrest until his death on April 20 , 1996 .
Sebastopol ( cannon ) Sebastopol was the name of a large artillery mortar commissioned by the Ethiopia n Emperor Tewodros II . The name was taken from the Crimean town Sevastopol , the site of a battle during the Crimean War . The mortar weighed approximately 6 . 7 tons , and was capable of firing off half - ton artillery rounds . Tewodros , in an attempt to speed up industrialization in Ethiopia , took some British officials and German missionaries hostage to coerce technological help out of England . Instead the British government mounted an expedition to free the captives , which resulted in the Battle of Magdala , during which Tewdros shot himself with a pistol previously given to him as a gift by Queen Victoria . Although there are no records of the mortar being used in the battle it remains half - buried in the ground , on the plateau at Meqedela , near Amba Mariam . A bronze replica of it has been cast and is located in the centre of a roundabout at Tewodros Square , Churchill Avenue , Addis Ababa . The cannon is mentioned in the novel " Flashman on the March " , by George MacDonald Fraser .