naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn The Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn ( ) , sometimes called the Tallinn Military Cemetery , is one of the three cemeteries of the Tallinn City Centre Cemetery ( Estonian : " Siselinna kalmistu " ) . It is situated about 3 kilometres outside the centre of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . During Estonian independence before the Soviet and German occupations of the 1940 - 1991 period , it was the Estonian equivalent of Arlington National Cemetery in the USA - the foremost military cemetery of independent Estonia . History . The cemetery was established in the years of World War I as the cemetery of the Tallinn garrison . The oldest grave dates back to 1916 and holds Russian , Estonian , and German soldiers killed during World War I . The graves from 1918 – 1944 , the gravestones of the Estonian soldiers and the monuments of the Estonian War of Independence were largely destroyed by the Soviet authorities and the graveyard was taken over by the Red Army for use by the Soviet occupation forces after World War II . The graves of fifteen British servicemen killed in the Estonian War of Independence between 1918 – 1920 were repaired in 1994 . Queen Elizabeth II awarded Linda Soomre honorary Membership of the Order of the British Empire for dedication and bravery in protecting the British graves during the years of the Soviet rule . Soomre was in charge of the Tallinn City Centre Cemetery for 35 years . After the destruction of the gravestones she had made the ground overnight a maintenance area saving the remains of the British soldiers from being violated . Linda Soomre also saved the graves of two Estonian generals , Johan Unt and Ernst Põdder , by keeping the burial sites covered with dirt . The monument for the generals , originally opened in 1933 , was restored on 22 February 1998 . The graves of the Estonian Soldiers and the demolished structure of the Estonian War of Independence monument in the graveyard are not restored . The registration book of people buried at this cemetery between years 1918 – 1944 , with over 1 , 150 names , is maintained in Tallinn city central archives . The only graves from 1918 – 1944 that survived the Soviet era in the graveyard was a dolomite statue in commemoration of the victims of Männiku explosion from 15 June 1936 . In mid - 1990s a headstone which reads " To the Unknown Soldier : 1941 – 1945 " in Estonian and Russian was placed on the cemetery , financed by the Russian Embassy in Estonia . A notable monument , " To those fallen in World War II " , is the Bronze Soldier , a two meter statue of a soldier in Red Army uniform with an accompanying stone structure . The statue was a part of a former Soviet World War II memorial by the sculptor Enn Roos and supervising architect Arnold Alas , and was moved from central Tallinn to the cemetery on 30 April 2007 .
Bezymyanka ( airport ) Bezymyanka - experimental ( test base ) aerodrome of the aviation plant Aviakor in the city of Samara . Located 4 km east of the railroad station Bezymyanka , Kirov district of Samara , 12 km east of the city center . To the east of the airport another Airport Smyshlyaevka is located , to the south the settlements Chkalov , Padovka and the Samara River , to the north the Aviakor plant and TsSKB - Progress plant . Bezymyanka Airport rated 1 class and can serve most of the airplane and helicopter types . Total runway length 3 , 600 m , 2 , 800 m usable . Founded in 1942 , the first runway utilized bricks as its pavement . After the Second world war strike the aviation plants №1 and №18 were evacuated to Kuibyshev ( Samara nowadays ) from Moscow and Voronezh . At the earliest possible date they set up the production of Il - 2 . In the second part of the 20th century the airport served as the testing ground for a number of Tupolev , Ilyushin and Antonov planes produced by the abovementioned aviation plants . Since 1958 plant №1 was reorientated for the production of space rocket s and artificial satellite s , airport started charter transport service to Baikonur and Plesetsk , such services continues nowadays . In 1980th airport was used to transport components of Energia rocket carrier to Baikonur on the VM - T aircraft in preparation for the Shuttle Buran flight . For this case the runway was lengthen up to 3 , 600m . Airport redevelopment plans includes construction of the cargo terminals to convert it into international cargo airport with a better industrial location than Kurumoch . Similar project was done in Ulyanovsk with the construction of Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport on the basis of the test facility of Aviastar - SP .
Signals Research and Development Establishment The Signals Research and Development Establishment ( SRDE ) was a British government military research establishment , based in Christchurch , Dorset from 1948 until it merged with the Royal Radar Establishment ( RRE ) in Malvern , Worcestershire to form the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment ( RSRE ) in 1980 . Its focus was military communications ( signals ) .
USS Commodore McDonough ( 1862 ) USS " Commodore McDonough " ( 1862 ) was a ferryboat acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . Ferryboats were of great value , since – because of their flat bottom and shallow draft — they could navigate streams and shallow waters that other ships could not . Purchased in New York City in 1862 . " Commodore McDonough " — an armed , side - wheel ferry — was purchased on 5 August 1862 in New York City ; fitted out at New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned on 24 November 1862 , Lieutenant Commander G . Bacon in command . Civil War service . Assigned to the South Atlantic Blockade . " Commodore McDonough " joined the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron at Port Royal , South Carolina on 11 December 1862 . Throughout her service , she operated in South Carolina waters , primarily off Charleston , but often cruising up the many rivers of that coast to bombard shore installations , cover the landing of troops , engage Confederate batteries , and perform reconnaissance . In the continuing operations in Charleston Harbor , she frequently bombarded the forts protecting the city . Foundered while under tow at war ’ s end . At the close of the war , she assisted in harbor clearance at Port Royal , South Carolina , and on 23 August 1865 — while under tow for New York — she foundered .
Arrhidaeus Arrhidaeus ( in Greek Aρριδαιoς or Aριδαιoς ; lived 4th century BC ) , one of Alexander the Great ' s generals , was entrusted with the conduct of Alexander ' s funeral to Egypt in 323 BC . On the murder of Perdiccas in Egypt , 321 BC , he and Peithon were appointed regents , but through the intrigues of the queen Eurydice they were obliged soon afterwards to resign their office at Triparadisus in Northern Syria . On the division of the provinces which was made at this place , Arrhidaeus obtained the Hellespontine Phrygia . In 319 BC after the death of Antipater , Arrhidaeus made an unsuccessful attack upon Cyzicus ; and Antigonus gladly seized this pretext to require him to resign his satrapy . Arrhidaeus , however , refused , and shut himself up in Cius .
26th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 26th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 26th Indiana Volunteer Infantry was organized and federalized in Indianapolis , Indiana , on August 1 , 1861 . The regiment was processed and trained at Camp Morton in Indianapolis . The regiment ( 26th Infantry Regiment of the Indiana Volunteers ) was fielded in St . Louis , Missouri , and organized under the " Army of the West " Department of Missouri . This was accomplished on September 7 , 1861 . The 26th with many other military organizations made up the " Western Campaign " . Military actions to include battles : Total strength and casualties . The regiment lost 96 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds and 3 officers and 265 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 364 fatalities .
Vir Chakra Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery in the battle field . It replaced the British Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) , Military Cross ( MC ) and Distinguished Flying Cross ( DFC ) . Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr . C . as a postnominal abbreviation ( note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the Victoria Cross ( V . C . ) . It is third in precedence in the war time gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra . Origin . Established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 ( with effect from 15 August 1947 ) . The statutes were amended 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established . Appearance . The medal is 1 - 3 / 8 inch circular silver medal . A five pointed star , with the chakra in the center , and , on this , the domed gilded state emblem . The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swiveling straight - bar suspender . The decoration is almost always named and dated on the edge . Around a plain center , two legends separated by lotus flowers ; above Vir Chakra in Hindi and in English . The ribbon is 32 mm , half dark blue and half orange - saffron . Dark blue 16 mm , saffron 16 mm . Notable Vir Chakra Awardees . Some are listed : The award carries with it a cash allowance and , in some cases , a lump sum cash award . This has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration . From 1 February 1999 , the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs . 850 for recipients of the award . In addition , many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration .
HMS Olympus ( S12 ) HMS " Olympus " was an in the Royal Navy , and later Canadian Forces as a submarine trainer . Construction . She was laid down 4 March 1960 at Vickers - Armstrongs at Barrow and launched 14 June 1961 . Operational history . Retired from the Royal Navy , " Olympus " was sold to the Canadian Forces in 1989 and was stationed as a non - operational training boat in Halifax . The ship was never commissioned and was disposed of along with the other Canadian " Oberon " - class submarines in the late 1990s . In 1986 , " Olympus " appeared in the popular UK Channel 4 television game show Treasure Hunt . After rendezvousing with the submarine a few miles out of Plymouth Sound , presenter Anneka Rice watched on from the show ' s famous yellow helicopter as " Olympus " surfaced , before landing on her hull and receiving the episode ' s second clue from the vessel ' s captain , Lt . Cmdr . John Tuckett . Fate . In May 2005 , the " Halifax Chronicle - Herald " announced that Maritime Command ( MARCOM ) was looking to sell " Olympus " and three other Canadian " Oberons " for scrap metal . MARCOM stated that the submarines were not in suitable condition to be used as museum ships , and predicted that each submarine would sell for between C $ 50 , 000 and C $ 60 , 000 . In July 2011 , " Olympus " started making her journey from Halifax to a scrapyard ( International Marine Salvage ) in Port Maitland , Ontario .
Stephen Ailes Stephen Ailes ( March 25 , 1912 – June 30 , 2001 ) was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson . He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from February 9 , 1961 to January 28 , 1964 and as United States Secretary of the Army from January 28 , 1964 to July 1 , 1965 . He received his undergraduate education at Princeton University , and attended the law school of West Virginia University , where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity . Early life and education . Stephen was born in Romney , West Virginia , on May 25 , 1912 . He attended Episcopal High School in Alexandria , Virginia and graduated in 1929 . He graduated from Princeton University in 1933 and received his law degree from West Virginia University in 1936 . He was admitted to the West Virginia bar in 1936 . Legal career . He was appointed assistant professor of law at West Virginia University , 1937 – 1940 . He was prevented from military service due to color blindness ; but later he was hired at the Office of Price Administration in 1942 until 1946 . He served as counsel to the American Economic Mission to Greece in 1947 , and then returned to private practice at Steptoe & Johnson in 1948 ; beforce entering government services . Government career . Ailes served as Under Secretary of the Army , 9 February 1961 until 28 January 1964 and he was then promoted to Secretary of the Army until 1 July 1965 . He is oft credited as the driving force for the creation of the United States Army Drill Sergeant program . He conducted a far - reaching survey over time that included a wide variety of xperienced personneel across all the services and the results contained five principle findings , with appropriate recommendations and suggestions for eliminating the problems encountered . The Training and Doctrine Command ' s annual Drill Sergeant of the Year award is named after Ailes . Personal life . Stephen married Helen ' Nellie ' Wales on June 24 , 1939 . and had four children . He died on June 30 , 2001 from a stroke at his home in Bethesda , Maryland . He is buried in his home town of Romney at Indian Mound Cemetery .
Type 97 90 mm Infantry Mortar The Type 97 90 mm Infantry Mortar was a simplified version of the Japanese Type 94 90 mm Infantry Mortar . The Type 97 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the year 2597 of the Japanese calendar ( 1937 ) . Design . The Type 90 - mm mortar is a Stokes - Brandt type mortar similar in appearance to the US 81 - mm mortar , M1 and the Japanese Type 97 81 mm piece . It is believed that the 90 mm weapon has been introduced later than its model number would imply , as a captured specimen was marked " Model 97 Light Trench Mortar , Manufactured in 1942 , Osaka Army Arsenal " . The Type 97 is approximately lighter than the Type 94 90 - mm mortar . This weight saving was created largely by the elimination of the Type 94 ' s recoil mechanism , which weighed . The bipod assembly of the Type 97 is lighter than that on the Type 94 . There is a cover for the level on the yoke of the Type 97 which is not on the Type 94 , and the sliding bracket of the Type 97 is hinged to permit its easy removal from the leg of the bipod , whereas it is integral on the Type 94 . Certain compromises in material and workmanship were made in the manufacture of the Type 97 . The bipod feet and chain hooks were held to the legs of the bipod by pins , joined with solder , whereas on the Type 94 they are welded . No welds were polished on the Type 97 , although no indications of fractures were reported despite the poor quality of the welding . The adjusting nut , sliding bracket , and hand wheels of the Type 97 are made of steel , rather than brass which was utilized in the Type 94 .
Ernst Valenta Ernst Valenta ( ; 25 October 1912 – 31 March 1944 ) was a Czechoslovak member of the Royal Air Force murdered by the Gestapo in March 1944 . Capture . Valenta ' s final flight was a mission in a Vickers Wellington Mk . IC , operated by No . 311 Squadron RAF , a Czechoslovakian manned bomber squadron . He departed from the airport at East Wretham on 6 February 1941 for a mission to Boulogne . He was force - landed and his aircraft was captured intact at an unknown location . The Wellington was later flown by the Luftwaffe at its Experimental and Test Facility at Rechlin . The great escape . Valenta was one of 50 men killed following a mass escape from Stalag Luft III prisoner of war camp in World War II . The camp was located in Sagan ( now Żagań ) in Poland . Reportedly , he was amongst early pairs of escapees from the tunnel during the escape attempt of 24 March 1944 . Recaptured in the Görlitz area and last seen alive on 31 March 1944 , he was amongst a group of ten RAF officers in the charge of Oberregierungsrat Walter Scharpwinkel . Fifty of the recaptured escapees were murdered by the Gestapo on Hitler ' s orders .
Benjamin Buck Benjamin Buck is a Distinguished Service Cross recipient for his service to the United States Army during World War I . His award citation reads : The President of the United States of America , authorized by Act of Congress , July 9 , 1918 , takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Corporal Benjamin Buck ( ASN : 300943 ) , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with Company G , 128th Infantry Regiment , 32d Division , A . E . F . , near Romagne , France , 14 October 1918 . Corporal Buck advanced alone beyond the front lines , through a terrific barrage and in the face of unusually active machine - gun fire , to the rescue of a wounded comrade . While making his way through the wood he came upon two other members of the company whom he utilized as a patrol attacking and capturing an enemy machine - gun nest , together with six prisoners . He then went to the rescue of the wounded soldier , forcing the prisoners to carry the man to the rear . Buck was born in Shawano , Wisconsin , and his official residence was listed as Fond du Lac , Wisconsin .
Yehuda Lapidot Yehuda " Nimrod " Lapidot ( born August 13 , 1928 ) is an Israeli historian and former professor of biochemistry . Lapidot was a member of the Irgun and an officer in the Israel Defense Forces . In 1980 he was appointed head of Lishkat Hakesher by former Irgun commander and then Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin . Lapidot received a Ph . D . in biochemistry from Hebrew University in 1960 and later became a professor .
Taylor Barracks ( Kentucky ) During the American Civil War , Taylor Barracks was a military induction center in Louisville , Kentucky for African - American troops , and after the war it was a United States Army base for both black and white troops during Reconstruction . The wooden barracks were erected at Third and Oak streets on the southern outskirts of Louisville about a mile from Beargrass Creek , and were designed to house new volunteers for the Union Army . They were named for former President Zachary Taylor . Planning began in early 1864 , and the barracks were constructed quickly , with several wooden frame , shingled buildings arranged in a square . Slaves who served with the Union received their freedom , but many slaves volunteered for the cause of ending slavery altogether . Recruits for the new regiment s were transported from as far away as New York City and Boston . By late March , more than 100 men were arriving daily . The facility grew to cover four city blocks , or . Fresh water was provided by the nearby Ohio River , sent through city water pipes . The post also included a jail to house Union deserters , as well as a hospital and a reception hall . Other buildings included stables , quartermaster storehouses , kitchens , bakery , officer quarters , workshops , and a post library , as well as a small firehouse to shelter the post ' s fire engine . As with many Civil War posts located near marshy ground , disease was a constant threat , especially typhoid , cholera , dysentery , and rheumatism . Dead soldiers from Taylor Barracks were transported to Cave Hill Cemetery for burial . Colonel Oliver Hazard P . Cary was in charge of the barracks from early 1865 until September . Most significant activity ceased after June 1866 , although the army kept the barracks open for several years to recruit and train Buffalo Soldiers and other black troops . During World War I , another military base south of Louisville was known as Camp Taylor ; it was a major training facility for white troops as well .
4950th Test Wing The 4950th Test Wing , a wing of the United States Air Force , was established in March 1971 . It was created as the flying unit of the Wright Air Development Center , which was created in June 1951 . Wright ADC changed to Division status in December 1959 until it was replaced by the Aeronautical Systems Division ( ASD ) in April 1961 . The 4951st , 4952d and 4953d Test Squadrons were activated in July 1975 and based at the West Ramp ( a former Strategic Air Command facility ) of Wright - Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio . ASD is responsible for the design , development and acquisition of aeronautical systems including transports , tankers and utility aircraft , rescue helicopters , long - and short - range air - to - surface missiles , aircraft engines and electronic warfare systems . In addition , the wing supported programs conducted by other AFMC departments . The majority of AFMC ' s large transport aircraft were assigned to the 4950th Test Wing and were loaned to other agencies as required . The 4950th Test Wing operated a variety of testbed C - 135s , many of which have featured major modifications . The wing was consolidated with the AFMC Flight Test Center ' s 412th Test Wing at Edwards AFB , CA and inactivated in 1994 . Section updated by Major Tony Sylvain , Maj , USAF ( Ret ) , 4950th OMS , 11 Jun 84 to 21 Jan 92 . Aircraft 61 - 2775 , 776 , and 777 were pre - production prototypes . These aircraft had multiple subtle differences evolved during design , most notable was the main crew door , which was hinged on the top and opened outward from the bottom . These aircraft were never fitted with air refueling capability and were never converted to C - 141Bs . Aircraft specifics : Aircraft flown . Section updated by Sgt Rob Schultz ( FMS Engine Shop / 4953rd AMU , 1986 - 1992 ) , 26 Apr 2011
Llewelyn Alberic Emilius Price - Davies Major General Llewelyn Alberic Emilius Price - Davies VC , CB , CMG , DSO ( 30 June 1878 – 26 December 1965 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Background . Price - Davies was born at Chirbury , Shropshire , in 1878 , third son of Lewis Richard Price of Marrington Hall . He was commissioned in December 1898 . Victoria Cross details . Price - Davies was 23 years old , and a Lieutenant in The King ' s Royal Rifle Corps , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place at Blood River Poort for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . He later achieved the rank of major general . His grave and memorial are at St Andrew ' s churchyard in Sonning , Berkshire . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum in Winchester , England .
6th Infantry Division ( India ) The 6th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II , created on 1 March 1941 in Secunderabad . On 11 September 1941 it was shipped to the Iraq and later Iran . During 1942 and 1943 it was part of the Tenth Army . The division remained in the Middle East where it was disbanded on 15 October 1944 in Basra , Iraq . During World War II its commanders included Maj . Gen . J . N . Thomson , Major General A . W . W . Holworthy , and Maj . Gen . B . H . Chappel . After the Partition of India , the post - independence Indian Army reraised the 6th Division as the 6th Mountain Division in 1963 . The division headquarters was initially at Naini Tal . The division is now headquartered at Bareilly and is part of the I Corps . The division commander was tried and dismissed for corruption in late 2006 . Major General Gur Iqbal Singh was commanding the division when the scam was detected in 2005 . At that time , G . Illangovan commanded the 99 Mountain Brigade at Chaubatia and D . S . Grewal commanded the 69 Mountain Brigade in Pithoragarh , both in Uttarakhand . Both brigadiers reported to Singh . As of June 2007 , both brigadiers were accused of misdirection of monies . Component units as of 3 March 1941 . In addition , the 24th Indian Infantry Brigade was assigned or attached to the division at some time during World War II .