naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Agansing Rai Agansing Rai ( 24 April 1920 – 27 May 2000 ) was a Nepal ese recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born in the village of Amsara , in the Okhaldhunga district of Nepal Details . Agansing Rai was a 24 year old Naik in the 2nd Battalion , 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles , in the Indian Army during World War II , when he led his section in an attack on one of two posts which had been taken by the enemy and were threatening the British forces ' communications on 26 June 1944 near the town of Bishenpur in the state of Manipur , India . Under withering fire Agansing Rai and his party charged a machine - gun . Agansing Rai himself killed three of the crew . When the first position had been taken , he then led a dash on a machine - gun firing from the jungle , where he killed three of the crew , his men accounting for the rest . He subsequently tackled an isolated bunker single - handed , killing all four occupants . The enemy were now so demoralised that they fled and the second post was recaptured . Further information . He later achieved the rank of Hon . Captain , and died in Kathmandu . The medal . Agansing Rai ' s VC group was later sold at auction ( see External Link below ) .
Fiat G . 212 The Fiat G . 212 was an Italian three - engine airliner of the 1940s . An enlarged development of Fiat ' s earlier G . 12 transport , it was used in small numbers in commercial service and by the " Aeronautica Militare " . Development and design . The first prototype of the G . 212 , the G . 212CA military transport , flew on 19 January 1947 . While very similar in configuration to the G . 12 , i . e . a low - wing all - metal cantilever monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage , the G . 212 was longer , had a bigger wing and a wider fuselage . It was powered by three 642 kW ( 860 hp ) Alfa Romeo 128 radial engines . This was followed by two versions intended for civil use , the G . 212CP airliner , with accommodation for 34 passengers , and the G . 212TP freighter , both using the more powerful Pratt & Whitney R - 1830 Twin Wasp engines . Operational history . The G . 212CP entered service with " Avio Linee Italiane " ( " Italian Airlines " ) , which ordered six , in 1947 , being operated on routes within Europe . On 4 May 1949 , a chartered " Avio Linee Italiane " G . 212 , carrying the Torino football first team squad back home from a match in Lisbon , crashed into a hill at Superga , near Turin , killing all 31 aboard , including 18 players . New G . 212s were also purchased by the Egypt ian airline SAIDE , who received three aircraft in 1948 , and the French airline Cie Air Transport . Four of the " Avio Linee Italiane " aircraft were sold to " Ali Flotte Riunite " , one of which was sold again to the Kuwaiti airline Arabian Desert Airlines . As well as the G . 212CA prototype , the " Aeronautica Militare " acquired six G . 212CPs , two of which were converted to flying classrooms for training purposes as G . 212AV ( " Aula Volante " ) . One of these aircraft is preserved at the Italian Air Force Museum at Vigna di Valle , near Rome .
Culver Cadet The Culver Cadet was an American two - seat light monoplane aircraft , and later a radio - controlled drone , produced by the Culver Aircraft Company . Design and development . The aircraft designer Al Mooney developed an improved version of the Culver Dart , to provide improved performance with a smaller engine . Originally designated the Culver Model L the prototype first flew on 2 December 1939 . The aircraft was named the Culver Cadet . Although similar to the previous Dart the Cadet had a semi - monocoque fuselage instead of welded - steel - tube and a retractable tailwheel undercarriage . The first variant ( the Cadet LCA ) was powered by a 75 hp ( 56 kW ) Continental A75 - 8 four - cylinder horizontally - opposed piston engine . The 1941 version was designated the Cadet LFA and introduced a number of refinements and more equipment , and was fitted with an 90 hp ( 67 kW ) Franklin engine . Production was brought to an end after the United States entered World War II in December 1941 , but the Cadet had found export orders , including to Uruguay , and had a new military role . The Cadet was one of six models that Al Mooney designed during his eight years at Culver . He would leave to found Mooney Aircraft . Operational history . In 1940 the Cadet LCA was selected by the United States Army Air Corps as being suitable for use as a radio - controlled target . The first aircraft was designated the Culver A - 8 ( later the XPQ - 8 ) and was based on the Cadet LFA but had fixed tricycle landing gear . After successful tests a production order for 200 was placed , and designated the PQ - 8 , later another 200 were ordered with a more powerful engine as the PQ - 8A . In late 1941 the United States Navy acquired a PQ - 8A for evaluation and then ordered 200 in 1941 as the TDC - 2 . An enlarged and improved version was later built as the Culver PQ - 14 . Several Cadets , with both military and civilian origins , are still ( 2012 ) airworthy in the United States and some are preserved in airworthy condition by museums . Survivors . The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum owns a Culver TD2C - 1 Serial No . 120035 used by the United States Navy . Culver LCA Cadet NC34785 - 1941 on display at Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum
Shimon Avidan Shimon Avidan ( Hebrew : שמעון אבידן ; February 7 , 1911 – September 11 , 1994 ) , born Siegbert Koch ( Hebrew : זיגברט קוך ) , was an Israeli soldier and officer , the commander of the Givati Brigade during the 1948 Arab - Israeli war . Born in Germany in 1911 , in 1934 he moved to Kibbutz Ayelet HaShahar and then Ein HaShofet in Palestine . He fought with the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War . Avidan is also known for his activities in the Palmach in World War II . He led the " German Unit " of the Palmach , which was responsible for conducting guerilla operations against the Axis powers . In 1945 he commanded the Saison operation against the Irgun and Stern Gang . During the 1948 war he was the operational commander of Operation Nachshon , Operation Barak , Operation Pleshet and Operation An - Far . His troops also fought at Nitzanim as well as joining Operations Death to the Invader and Yoav . He resigned from the army after , according to Chaim Herzog , " His extreme left - wing philosophy proved to be irreconcilable with David Ben - Gurion ' s policies . " In 1975 , he was appointed as the internal comptroller of the Ministry of Defense by the minister Shimon Peres .
Shigeru Honjō General Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the early period of the Second Sino - Japanese War . He was considered an ardent follower of Sadao Araki ' s doctrines . Biography . Honjō was born into a farming family in Hyōgo prefecture , and attended military preparatory schools as a youth . He graduated from the 9th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1897 , and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry . Among his classmates were future Prime Minister Abe Nobuyuki , and generals Sadao Araki and Iwane Matsui . In 1902 he graduated from the 19th class of the Army Staff College . Honjō served with distinction during the Russo - Japanese War in the IJA 20th Infantry Regiment , and was promoted to captain during that conflict . After the war , he was assigned to a number of staff positions with the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff . In 1907 - 1908 , Honjō was dispatched to Beijing and Shanghai as a military attaché , and the following year was promoted to major . After serving more staff positions , including a stint as instructor at the Army Staff College , he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1917 , and sent to Europe as a military attache in the aftermath of World War I . In 1919 , he accompanied Japanese forces during the Siberian Intervention against the Bolshevik Red Army in eastern Russia . Honjō was the commanding officer of 11th Regiment from 1919 to 1921 . He served as adviser to Chang Tso - lin , in Manchuria , from 1921 to 1924 . He was promoted to major general in 1922 , and in 1924 was given command of the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade . In 1927 Honjō was promoted to lieutenant general and became commander of the IJA 10th Division in 1928 . In 1931 he was made commander in chief of the Kwantung Army in Manchuria , commanding the forces during the Mukden Incident and invasion of Manchuria . When Honjō was relieved of command in 1932 for insubordination , he returned to Japan as a national hero , and was made a member of the Supreme War Council from 1932 to 1933 . He was accorded the highest decorations and honors , and was elevated to the title of " danshaku " ( baron ) under the " kazoku " peerage system . Honjō later became Chief aide - de - camp to Emperor Hirohito until 1936 , when his suspected involvement in the February 26 Incident led to his retirement . He kept an extensive diary during his time as aide - de - camp , which was published by the University of Tokyo Press in 1983 . Towards the end of World War II , he emerged from retirement to serve as a Privy Councilor . After the surrender of Japan in 1945 he was arrested by the American occupation authorities to stand trial as a suspected war criminal ; however , he committed suicide before the trial began . His grave is at the Tama Cemetery in Fuchu , Tokyo .
1st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 1st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The regiment was organized in New York City , New York and was mustered in for a two - year enlistment on April 22 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out of service on May 25 , 1863 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 79 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 3 officers and 31 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 113 fatalities .
Battle of Suffolk ( Norfleet House ) The Battle of Suffolk at the Norfleet House Battery took place from April 13 to April 15 , 1863 , in Suffolk , Virginia , as part of Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet ' s Tidewater operations during the American Civil War . In cooperation with Major General D . H . Hill ' s advance on Washington , North Carolina , Longstreet with divisions under Major Generals John Bell Hood and George Pickett besieged the Union garrison at Suffolk commanded by Brigadier General John J . Peck . The Union works were formidable and manned by 25 , 000 men , opposed to Longstreet ' s 20 , 000 . On April 13 , the Confederate troops pushed their left flank to the Nansemond River and constructed a battery on Hill ' s Point , which closed off the garrison to Union shipping . On April 14 , Union gunboats attempted to run the batteries at the Norfleet House slightly upstream , but the was crippled . The Federals , at the same time , constructed batteries to command the Confederate works at Norfleet House . On April 15 , these batteries were unmasked and opened fire , driving the Confederates out of this important position .
Battery " F " West Virginia Light Artillery The Battery " F " West Virginia Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " F " was originally raised as Company " C " , 6th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment and converted to an independent battery on April 8 , 1863 . Battery " F " was absorbed by Battery " A " West Virginia Light Artillery September 14 , 1864 .
Galina Dzhunkovskaya Galina Ivanovna Dzhunkovskaya ( ) was a Hero of the Soviet Union recipient and aviator . Biography . Galina Dzhunkovskaya was born in Yurkovka , Kiev to a peasant family . She wanted to become a nurse so she went to study medicine in Grozny in 1938 . She changed her mind when the war started a year later and she went to Moscow to study aviation instead . When the war started she was recruited by Marina Raskova at Engels where she , as a navigator , operated 587th Bombardment Squadron which was made out of Pe - 2 bombers . One day , she was almost killed when the German planes intercepted her aircraft at the time when she ran out of ammunition . During the spring of 1944 , she and Klavdia Fomicheva from 2nd Squadron joined together to resist German presence in Belorus . Unfortunately their aircraft caught fire in the engine , and they almost crashed . By December 1944 she completed 62 missions and even have five air battles . When the war ended she married Valentin Markov who was her commander at that time , and on August 18 , 1945 Dzhunkovskaya was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union badge . Later on , she and her husband served in Far East but because of illnesses she retired in 1950 . Despite her retirement she continued to study English at the Kirovgrad Teacher ' s College and died on September 12 , 1985 .
Spanish ship Bahama ( 1784 ) The Bahama was a 74 - gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy . She was built at Havana on plans originally drawn by Ignacio Mullan for the 64 - gun " San Pedro Alcántara " , completed a project of Gautier . She was later rebuilt as a 74 - gun . Career . In 1784 , " Bahama " was under Captain Félix del Corral y Jaime , with Commander Francisco de la Bodega y Cuadra as first officer . She departed Havana on 5 January 1785 in the fleet under Admiral Francisco de Borja , bound for Cadiz , where she arrived on 2 March . On 3 June 1788 , she entered drydock number 3 of Carraca arsenal for a refit and a rebuild as a 74 - gun . Battle of Trafalgar . " Bahama " took part in the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805 , under Commodore Dionisio Alcalá Galiano . She was part of the vanguard of the Franco - Spanish fleet , at the 6th position in the second division of the reconnaissance squadron under Admiral Gravina , and came under intense fire from British ships . " Bahama " suffered 75 killed and 65 wounded , among whom Galiano , who died from his wounds after a cannonball struck him . The British captured " Bahama " and sailed her to Gibraltar for repairs . She then sailed to England , where she was hulked and used as a prison ship . She was scrapped in Chatham in 1814 .
2 / 23rd Battalion ( Australia ) The 2 / 23rd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army , which served during the Second World War . Formed in June 1940 from primarily Victorian volunteers , the battalion served in North Africa in 1941 – 42 as part of the 26th Brigade , which was assigned to the 7th Division , before being reassigned to the 9th Division . In early 1943 the battalion returned to Australia and later took part in campaigns against the Japanese in New Guinea in 1943 – 44 and Borneo in 1945 , before being disbanded in 1946 . Battle honours . The 2 / 23rd Battalion received the following battle honour s : Commanding officers . The following officers served as commanding officer of the 2 / 23rd :
George Binney Sir George Binney ( DSO ) ( 1900 – 1972 ) was a noted arctic explorer and Royal Naval Reserve commander . During World War II , he led or was involved in efforts , including Operation Rubble , to procure supplies of Swedish ball bearings for Britain . Arctic exploration . Whilst still an undergraduate ( Merton College , Oxford ) Binney organized and was secretary to the 1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition , subsequently leading both the 1923 Merton College Arctic Expedition , and the 1924 Oxford University Arctic Expedition . He was a pioneer in the use of seaplanes for Arctic survey work and wrote up this experience in his 1925 book " With Seaplane and Sledge in the Arctic " . The Avro 504 seaplane used was supplied by A . V . Roe and Co . , Ltd . and its 180 - h . p . Lynx air - cooled engine provided by Armstrong - Siddeley . ( For " The Avro Arctic " see The Avro 504O ) . Subsequent to these expeditions he worked in the arctic for the Hudson ' s Bay Company ( 1926 – 1930 ) . During this time he wrote " The Eskimo Book of Knowledge " ( published by the Hudson ' s Bay Company ) , a book explaining a rather colonial view of the wider world to the Inuit . Sweden . In 1939 Binney took up a post as the Swedish representative of the UK Ministry of Supply ( Iron and Steel Control ) . He was to assist in the acquisition of steel , machine tools , and most notably ball - bearings for the UK ' s armament programme . Following the outbreak of war and the isolation of Sweden after the German invasions of Norway and Denmark , Binney organised a series of blockade - running operations . This included Operation Rubble , Operation Performance , Operation Bridford , and Operation Moonshine . Honours . Binney was knighted in 1941 and awarded a Distinguished Service Order in 1944 . He was awarded the Patron ' s Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1957 ( " For contributions to Arctic exploration . . . the pioneer use of the air survey technique … and to the development of the university exploring expedition " ) . Selected publications . Binney , George ( 1925 ) " With Seaplane and Sledge in the Arctic - The account of the 1924 Oxford Arctic Expedition " , London , Hutchinson & Co Binney , George ( 1929 ) Hudson Bay in 1928 . " Geographical Journal " , Vol 74 , No 1 , pp . 1 – 27 Binney , George ( 1931 ) " The Eskimo Book of Knowledge " , London , Hudson ' s Bay Co . Other sources . The Papers of Sir George Binney , University of Cambridge ( Accessed July 2011 ) While , H . ( 1972 ) Sir George Binney . The Times , 13 September .
Charles G . Dahlgren Charles Gustavus Ulrich Dahlgren ( August 13 , 1811 – December 18 , 1888 ) was a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War . He commanded the 3rd Brigade , Army of Mississippi , before a dispute with the President of the Confederate States of America , Jefferson Davis , cost him his career . Early life and career . Dahlgren was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , the son of Bernhard Ulrik Dahlgren , merchant and Swedish Consul stationed in Philadelphia . His older brother was John A . Dahlgren , an admiral in the Union Navy . He moved to the South as a young man . He was an official of the Bank of the United States at Natchez , Mississippi , and engaged in several other business ventures . Civil War service . Following Mississippi ' s passage of the ordinance of secession and the subsequent outbreak of the Civil War , Dahlgren raised two regiment s of state - sponsored volunteer infantry ( the 3rd and 7th Mississippi Infantry ) by his own means . When his brigade was transferred from state service to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States , he lost his command . Dahlgren was known for a short temper and strong opinions , and strongly opposed this transfer . His outspoken opposition to the nationalization of his men cost him his command and sparked a feud with the family of Jefferson Davis that spanned from 1862 to 1906 . Dahlgren died in Brooklyn , New York , and is buried in City Cemetery , Natchez , Mississippi .
USS Hutchinson ( PF - 45 ) USS " Hutchinson " ( PF - 45 ) , a " Tacoma " - class frigate , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Hutchinson , Kansas . " Hutchinson " ( PF - 45 ) , originally designated PG - 153 , was launched on 27 August 1943 at the Consolidated Steel Corporation shipyard in Los Angeles , California , under Maritime Commission contract , sponsored by Mrs . A . T . Cole ; and commissioned on 3 February 1944 , with Commander C . H . Stober , USCG commanding . Service history . The frigate engaged in shakedown training until 13 April 1944 , and departed San Pedro , California , on 30 April for the southwest Pacific . She arrived via Pearl Harbor at one of the most important bodies of water in the Pacific area at that time , Leyte Gulf , on 10 November . There " Hutchinson " took up escort and patrol duties among the many transports supporting the landing . During her stay off Leyte the ship engaged in several battles with attacking Japan ese aircraft . " Hutchinson " sailed for Fremantle , Western Australia , via New Guinea , on 30 November 1944 . Assigned to the submarine base , Fremantle , for training duty with submarines , " Hutchinson " remained in Australia until 27 August 1945 . Departing for the United States , she touched at Manus and Pearl before arriving at Terminal Island , California , on 10 January 1946 . Here she converted to a weather ship . Following conversion , she proceeded to Seattle , Washington , and got underway on 6 February 1946 for weather station A in the northern Pacific . After performing the demanding and essential task of weather picket for two separate periods , " Hutchinson " sailed to San Francisco , California , and decommissioned there on 15 April 1946 . She was then recommissioned a Coast Guard vessel on loan from the Navy , and sailed westward to take up her weather ship duties once more . After two more such cruises , " Hutchinson " arrived Seattle in early September and decommissioned on 23 September 1946 . " Hutchinson " was stricken from the Navy List on 29 October 1946 , and was sold to Mexico 24 November 1947 . She served the Mexican Navy as " California " until she was scrapped in June 1964 . " Hutchinson " received two battle star s for World War II service .
EXACTO EXACTO , an acronym of EXtreme ACcuracy Tasked Ordnance , is a sniper rifle being developed for DARPA ( Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ) by Lockheed Martin and Teledyne Scientific & Imaging in November 2008 . The new . 50 BMG gun and improved scope could employ " fire - and - forget " technologies including " fin - stabilized projectiles , spin - stabilized projectiles , internal and / or external aero - actuation control methods , projectile guidance technologies , tamper proofing , small stable power supplies , and advanced sighting , optical resolution and clarity technologies . " Its estimated availability is 2015 .
Samuel W . Preston Samuel William Preston ( 6 April 1840 – 15 January 1865 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . He was killed in action during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher . Biography . Born near London , Ontario , Canada , Preston was appointed Midshipman from the state of Illinois on 4 October 1858 . Graduating first in his class , 9 May 1861 , he was appointed Acting Master on 4 October 1861 , and Lieutenant 1 August 1862 . From 1861 to 1863 he served on various vessels attached to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron . Captured by Confederate forces during an attack on Fort Sumter on 8 September 1863 , he was taken to Libby Prison in Richmond , Virginia , and exchanged in the fall of 1864 . Ordered to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron as Flag - Lieutenant to Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter , he participated in the attacks on Fort Fisher on 24 – 25 December 1864 , and 15 January 1865 . He was killed while leading an amphibious assault of U . S . Sailors and Marines against the fort on the latter date . Namesakes . Six ships have been named for him .