naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Handley Page HP . 100 The Handley Page HP . 100 was a tendered submission to build a long - range , high - speed reconnaissance aircraft for the Royal Air Force , able to overfly Soviet territory in the face of anti - aircraft defences , and to supply information for the V bomber force carrying nuclear weapons . The operational requirement , OR . 330 , specified an unarmed radar - equipped aircraft capable of cruising in excess of Mach 2 , able to reach Mach 3 , and having a range of around 5 , 000 mi ( 8 , 050 km ) . Handley Page , Shorts , Vickers and Avro each supplied designs for consideration . In 1955 , the contract was awarded to the Avro 730 and work on the HP . 100 stopped with a partial mock - up . The high speed reconnaissance project , including the Avro 730 , was cancelled in 1957 . Specification . Handley Page ' s design had a delta wing with canard foreplanes and was powered by 12 small turbojets in a fairing below the leading edge of the wing .
Alberto Bachelet Alberto Arturo Miguel Bachelet Martínez ( April 27 , 1923 – March 12 , 1974 ) was a Brigadier General of the Chilean Air Force . He opposed the 1973 coup of General Augusto Pinochet , and was imprisoned and subject to torture for several months until his death in 1974 of heart problems caused by torture at the hands of the dictatorship . Bachelet was born in Santiago to Alberto Bachelet Brandt and Mercedes Martínez Binimelis . He was married to archaeologist Ángela Jeria Gómez , with whom he fathered two children , Alberto and Michelle . Michelle later became the first female president of Chile .
German submarine U - 180 German submarine " U - 180 " was a Type IXD1 transport U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " which served in World War II . Her keel was laid down on 25 February 1941 at the AG Weser yard in Bremen as ' werk ' 1020 . She was launched on 10 December 1941 and commissioned on 16 May 1942 under " Fregattenkapitän " Werner Musenberg . Stripped of torpedo armament , the Type IXD1s were designated as transport submarines , and could carry up to 252 tonnes of freight . " U - 180 " was used primarily in clandestine operations . Service history . 1st patrol . " U - 180 " sailed from Kiel on 9 February 1943 , with the leader of the Indian National Army Subhas Chandra Bose and his aide Abid Hasan aboard . On 18 April " U - 180 " sank the British 8 , 132 ton tanker " Corbis " about 500 miles east southeast of Port Elizabeth , South Africa . Three days later , on 21 April , the boat made her rendezvous with the , just east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean , and exchanged the two Indians for two Japan ese Navy officers , both shipbuilding officers , Captains Emi Tetsushiro and Tomonaga Hideo , who were to study U - boat building techniques upon their arrival in Germany . Bose and Hasan ' s transfer is the only known record of a civilian transfer between two submarines of two different navies in World War II . Also received were two tonnes of gold ingots as payment from Japan for weapons technology . On the return voyage , " U - 180 " sank the Greek freighter " Boris " west of Ascension Island on 3 June 1943 . During this voyage , " U - 180 " was supplied by on the way to the exchange . She was supposed to be refueled by on the way back , but that boat was sunk by the British on 16 May 1943 . On 19 June , " U - 180 " was refueled by . 2nd patrol and loss . Under the command of " Oberleutnant " Rolf Riesen , " U - 180 " sailed from Bordeaux on 20 August 1944 bound for Japan . She was reported sunk off the Bay of Biscay on 23 August 1944 , with the loss of all of her 56 crew . The official verdict is " sunk by a mine " , however , some experts speculate that trouble with the schnorkel ( the underwater breathing and engine operating device ) , may have been the cause .
Vassal state A vassal state is any state that is subordinate to another . The vassal in these cases is the ruler , rather than the state itself . Being a vassal most commonly implies providing military assistance to the dominant state when requested to do so ; it sometimes implies paying tribute , but a state which does so is better described as a tributary state . In simpler terms the vassal state would have to provide military power to the dominant state . Today , more common terms are puppet state , protectorate or associated state . Ancient China . From the time of the Zhou Dynasty ( 1046 – 770 BCE ) until the Han Dynasty ( 206 BCE – 220 CE ) , a varying number of vassal states existed in Ancient China . These ranged in size from small city states to vassals which controlled large swathes of territory such as the States of Chu and Qi . One of these vassal states would go on to conquer China and unite the country under the first emperor Qin Shi Huang . People ' s Republic of China . Between 1949 and 1950 Tibet was invaded by Forces from the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ) forcing the then Tibetan government into exile . Until the late 1950s Chinese writers became used to " describing Tibet ' s place in the world of imperial China as that of a subordinate vassal state . " Ottoman Empire . The Ottoman Empire ( 1299 – 1923 CE ) controlled a number of tributary or vassal states in the peripheral areas of its territory . Vassalage took a number of different forms with some states permitted to elect their own leaders . Other states paid tribute for their lands . During the 1700s the Ottoman Empire controlled many states such as the Berber people and Crimean Khanate . Troy under the Hittites . Troy was a vassal state of the Hittite s , along with other Arzawa lands .
USS Ensign ( SP - 1051 ) USS " Ensign " ( SP - 1051 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Ensign " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1914 . In 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her under a free lease from her owner for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned on 17 September 1917 as USS " Ensign " ( SP - 1051 ) with Boatswain ' s Mate W . C . Mills , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Ensign " performed submarine net patrol duties in New York Harbor until May 1918 , when was transferred to the 9th Naval District for service on the Great Lakes . Arriving at Detroit , Michigan , on 14 June 1918 , she patrolled until late in 1918 , when the annual freezing over of the lakes brought the 1918 Great Lakes shipping season to an end . The Navy returned " Ensign " to her owner on 30 January 1919 .
Patricia Northrup Patricia Northrup was Miss California 1992 and is a military pilot who holds a BS in Aeronautical Engineering from California Polytechnic State University . She has flown 75 combat missions during four deployments in Iraq and has been awarded three Flying Air Medals for her service to her country . When not in combat she is a commercial pilot for American Airlines .
Marcus Fabius Ambustus ( consul ) Marcus Fabius Ambustus ( fl . 360 – 351 BC ) was a statesman and general of the Roman Republic . He was the son of Numerius Fabius Ambustus . He served as consul three times : in 360 , 356 , and 354 BC . His consulships occurred during a time in which Rome was reasserting itself following its defeat at the hands of the Gauls in the Battle of the Allia of 387 BC . He defeated the Hernici in 356 , and Tibur in 354 , earning a triumph for the latter victory . He further succeeded against the Falisci , but was defeated by Tarquinia . As he was absent from Rome when the time came for holding the " comitia " , the senate , which did not like to entrust them to his colleague , who had appointed a plebeian dictator , and still less to the dictator himself , nominated " interreges " for the purpose . The object of the patricians was to secure both places in the consulship for their own order again , which was effected by Ambustus , who seems to have returned to Rome in the meantime . He was appointed the eleventh " interrex " in 355 , and declared two patricians consuls in violation of the Licinian law ( the plebs had been made eligible for the consulship again , over his objections ) , although he was not successful in his object . He served as interrex again in 351 , and as dictator in 351 . There is some disagreement between scholars over whether he ever served as censor , possibly in 358 , and as " princeps senatus " later in life ( the two questions are connected , as all " principes " prior to 209 BC were " censorii " ) . He was alive in 325 , when his son , Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus , was Master of the Horse to Lucius Papirius Cursor , and fled to Rome to implore protection from the vengeance of the dictator . He interceded on his son ' s behalf both with the senate and the people . He was also father of Marcus Fabius Ambustus , who also served as Master of the Horse .
Battle of Mount Ortigara The Battle of Mount Ortigara was fought from 10 to 25 June 1917 between the Italian and Austro - Hungarian armies for possession of Mount Ortigara , in the Asiago Plateau . Background . The Italians decided to launch an offensive because the " Strafexpedition " of the previous year had improved the Austrian defensive positions , whence the Italian armies of Cadore , Carnia and the Isonzo could be threatened . The battle was prepared with considerable means ( 300 , 000 men with 1 , 600 artillery guns ) concentrated on a short segment of the front just a few kilometers long . However , although the Italians enjoyed a 3 - to - 1 numeric superiority in both men and guns , as they faced 100 , 000 Austro - Hungarians with 500 guns , the attack still presented several problems : Battle . The attack began on 10 June and after fierce and bloody fightings the Italian 52nd Alpine Division managed to capture the top of Mount Ortigara . The Austro - Hungarian command promptly sent many trained reinforcements . On 25 June , the 11 Italian battalions guarding the summit were attacked by Austrian shock troop s which retook it , the strenuous Italian resistance notwithstanding . The 52nd Division alone suffered about half the Italian casualties . General Ettore Mambretti , commander of the Sixth Army , was considered responsible for the heavy casualties and removed from command . A letter from a young soldier , written on the eve of the battle , is part of the museum of the Asiago War Memorial . Adolfo Ferrero wrote this letter to his family shortly before dying in combat , and the letter was later discovered in the personal effects of his page , whose body was exhumed from Mount Ortigara in the 1950s .
William Henry Sowden William Henry Sowden ( June 6 , 1840 – March 3 , 1907 ) was a Democratic member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . William H . Sowden was born in Liskeard , Cornwall . He emigrated to the United States in 1846 with his father , who settled in Philadelphia , and later went to live with friends in Allentown , Pennsylvania . He attended the public schools and Allentown Academy . During the American Civil War , he served as a corporal in Company D , One Hundred and Twenty - eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry , and served from August 13 , 1862 , to May 19 , 1863 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1864 , and after graduation from Harvard Law School in 1865 commenced practice in Allentown . He served as solicitor of Lehigh County , Pennsylvania , in 1868 and district attorney in 1872 through 1874 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 1874 and an unsuccessful candidate for election to Congress in 1876 . He was a delegate to the 1884 Democratic National Convention , and served as city solicitor of Allentown in 1886 . Sowden was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - ninth and Fiftieth Congresses . He was not a candidate for reelection in 1888 . He resumed the practice of law , and served as city solicitor of Allentown from 1900 to 1902 . He was a delegate to the 1900 Democratic National Convention . He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate to the Fifty - ninth Congress in 1904 . He was elected as solicitor of Lehigh County in 1906 , and died in Allentown in 1907 . Interment in Union Cemetery .
Werner Munzinger Werner Munzinger ( 4 April 1832 , in Olten , Switzerland – 14 November 1875 , in Awsa , Ethiopia ) was a Swiss administrator and explorer of the Horn of Africa . Life and career . He was born in Olten , and studied science and history at the University of Bern , then later took courses in Oriental studies at Munich University and the Sorbonne . He was the son of Josef Munzinger , member of the Swiss Federal Council . In 1852 Munzinger arrived at Cairo , where he spent a year improving his Arabic . Entering a French mercantile house , he led a trading expedition to various parts of the Red Sea . Until 1855 he served as French consul at Massawa , when he moved to Keren where he spent the next six years exploring the lands of the Bogos . In 1861 Munzinger joined Theodor von Heuglin in an attempt to explore central Africa , but separated from him in November , proceeding along the Gash and Atbara to Khartoum . There he succeeded von Heuglin as leader of the expedition , and travelled in 1862 to Kordofan , but failed to reach Darfur and Wadai . After a short stay in Europe in 1863 , Munzinger returned to the north and north - east borderlands of Ethiopia . In 1865 Munzinger managed the British consulate along the border of Ethiopia , but remained in Massawa , after the 1868 British invasion of Ethiopia , where he became the French consul . There , according to Augustus B . Wylde , he married a woman of Hamasien and convinced one of the local warlords , " Wolde Mikael " , to cede the province of Hamasien to France . Munzinger sailed to France , and by early 1870 had an expedition ready at Toulon to sail to Massawa when the Franco - Prussian War broke out , and French resources were diverted to this higher priority , whereupon he left the service of the French . In July of that year we was Aden , where he joined Captain S . B . Miles on an expedition into the interior of the southern Arabian peninsula . He then left the French and entered the service of the Egypt ian government of Khedive Ismail , serving as governor of the Keren region and Massawa ( modern - day Eritrea ) . Once he reached his command , his first act was to place the Bogos once again under Egyptian rule . In 1875 , Munzinger led one of the three prongs of the Egyptian attack against Ethiopia , marching inland from Tadjoura , but his troops were overwhelmed by the army of " Mahammad ibn Hanfadhe " , Sultan of Aussa , and he was killed in battle . Wylde includes in the list of dead Munzinger ' s wife and child . Writings . Munzinger published the following works : He wrote numerous geographical papers , and a memoir on the northern highlands of modern - day Ethiopia and Eritrea for the " Zeitschrift für allgemeine Erdkunde " , new series , volume 3 .
Edward M . Blessman Edward Martin Blessman ( 29 December 1907 – 4 February 1942 ) was a naval aviator in the United States Navy during World War II . Blessman was born in Nott , North Dakota . He was appointed midshipman from the 9th District of Wisconsin on 21 June 1927 and graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy on 4 June 1931 . Service at sea in the battleship " Maryland " ( BB - 46 ) and the destroyer " Hale " ( DD - 133 ) preceded flight training at Naval Air Station , Pensacola , in Florida , after which he served in VS - 2B in the aircraft carrier " Lexington " ( CV - 2 ) and VP - 17F , based on the seaplane tender " Thrush " ( AVP - 3 ) . Following a two - year tour at the NAS Anacostia , Blessman — promoted to lieutenant in January 1939 — joined " Marblehead " ( CL - 12 ) , then with the U . S . Asiatic Fleet , on 10 December 1939 . He was still serving in her when Japan launched its onslaught in the Far East in December 1941 . On 4 February 1942 , " Marblehead " stood out of Surabaya , Java , as part of a mixed American - Dutch cruiser - destroyer force under Rear Admiral Karel W . F . M . Doorman , RNN . Japanese flying boat s from the Toko Kōkūtai ( Toko Air Group ) , however , spotted the force as it attempted to transit the Madoera Strait to attack the Japanese invasion fleet bound for Borneo . Thus forewarned , Japanese naval land attack planes bombed the allied force . At 10 : 27 , a stick of seven bombs from a Mitsubishi G4M1 " Betty " bomber of Kanoya Kōkūtai straddled " Marblehead " . The first of the two bombs to hit the ship penetrated the main deck and exploded near “ wardroom country , ” the blast ripping through the light sheet metal bulkheads that comprised the boundaries of the compartment . Blessman , who , as the ship ’ s senior aviator had no air defense station and was in the wardroom at the time , was killed instantly by the concussion . In 1943 , the destroyer escort USS " Blessman " ( DE - 69 ) was named in honor of Lt . Blessman , sponsored by his widow , Mrs . Helen Maloy Blessman .
USS Creon ( ARL - 11 ) USS " Creon " ( ARL - 11 ) was one of 39 " Achelous " - class landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Creon ( the name of two mythological Greek kings , a mythological son of Heracles , and a historical Archon of Athens ) , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . Originally laid down as " LST - 1036 " ; launched 24 August 1944 by the Boston Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . M . A . Pratt ; placed in partial commission 16 September 1944 with Lieutenant M . G . Pooley , USNR , in command ; sailed to Baltimore , Maryland ; decommissioned 26 September 1944 for conversion ; and commissioned in full as USS " Creon " ( ARL - 11 ) 27 January 1945 with Lieutenant Pooley once again in command . Service history . Clearing Norfolk , Virginia 4 March 1945 " Creon " arrived at Biak , Shouten Islands 4 May . Moving to Morotai the next day , she conducted amphibious training exercises , and on 1 July took part in the invasion of Balikpapan . She served off Borneo until arriving at Subic Bay 1 August to repair landing craft there until 18 December . After loading cargo at Guam , " Creon " arrived at Pearl Harbor for overhaul 22 January 1946 . Assigned to the service group for " Operation Crossroads , " the atomic weapon s tests in the Marshall Islands , " Creon " arrived at Kwajalein 19 March 1946 and operated there and at the test site until 10 September when she departed for overhaul at San Pedro , California . She served as a repair ship for LSMs and LSM ( R ) s at San Diego from 15 December 1946 until 27 September 1948 . Following an overhaul at Long Beach Naval Shipyard , " Creon " put out from San Diego 10 January 1949 for Kodiak , Alaska to participate in a large - scale cold - weather exercise . " Creon " returned to San Diego 4 March and there was placed out of commission in reserve 8 June 1949 . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register ( date unknown ) , her final fate is unknown . " Creon " received one battle star for World War II service .
BRAMS BRAMS - Self - propelled Anti - aircraft System is an automated anti - aircraft system designated for destroying low flying targets using its twin barrel 30 mm gun with high rate of fire and 4 self - guided anti - aircraft missiles . Target acquisition , aiming and effective fire control is secured through a modern opto - electronic sight enabling target acquisition under any day or night weather conditions and its automatic tracking . The Fire Control System enables continuous and automated data transmission and communication with superior command level and integration of the AA system within other centrally controlled air defense units . Modified TATRA 8x8 chassis ensures high mobility of the system . Integrated software enables to conduct training of crews directly on the system ; however , a simulator was designed as well and is available . The strongest point of the system is its purely optical targeting system making it invulnerable to traditional anti - radiation weaponry .
Vale - class gunboat The " Vale " class was a class of five Rendel ( or " flat - iron " ) gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1874 and 1878 . Small , nimble vessels , they were armed with a single large calibre muzzle - loading gun for offensive purposes and several small , quick firing guns for self defence . Service history . Shortly before the First World War , the five vessels were rebuilt as minelayer s . During this rebuild , the heavy muzzle - loading gun was replaced with a more modern 12 cm breech - loader , and on " Nor " and " Vidar " one of the 37 mm guns was replaced with a more potent 47 mm gun . Since the heavy gun and ammunition was removed , these diminutive vessels could carry a useful number of mines . All vessels were kept in service until the German invasion in 1940 and with the exception of " Uller " , which was sunk by the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service after capture by the Germans , they all spent the remainder of the war in German hands . After the Second World War the vessels were returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy , and scrapped over the course of the next few years .
Nikephoros Basilakes Nikephoros Basilakes ( ) , frequently encountered simply as Basilakios ( Βασιλάκιος ) , Latinized as Nicephorus Basilacius , was a Byzantine general and aristocrat of the late 11th century , who in 1078 / 79 tried to overthrow the Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates and was defeated by Alexios Komnenos . In the chaos that surrounded the dethronement of Michael VII , Nikephoros Basilakes , at the time " doux " of Dyrrhachium decided that his time had arrived . Moving into position at Thessalonica , he waited for the outcome of the clash between two other claimants to the throne , Nikephoros III and Nikephoros Bryennios , in order that he might quickly crush the exhausted victor . His forces consisted of veteran Frankish , Sclaveni an , Albanian and Greek soldiers , and his confidence in his own abilities and courage convinced him that victory would easily be his . Nikephoros III sent his best general , Alexios Komnenos to deal with him , and Alexios managed to entrap Basilakes in a night attack on the imperial camp , on the banks of the Vardar River , some eighteen miles distant from Thessalonica . Defeated , Basilakes fled to Thessalonica where he attempted to defend the city , but was seized by his own soldiers and delivered to Nikephoros III who ordered that Basilakes be blinded .
1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery , Battery " D " Battery D , 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battalion was organized in Memphis , Nashville , and Knoxville , Tennessee from June 13 , 1863 through October 16 , 1863 under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert Clay Crawford . Battery D was recruited in Anderson County , Tennessee and mustered in at Knoxville for three years service on September 18 , 1863 under the command of Captain David K . Young . Battery D was attached to Post and District of Nashville , Department of the Cumberland , to March 1865 . 3rd Brigade , 4th Division , District of East Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to July 1865 . Battery D , 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery mustered out of service at Nashville on July 20 , 1865 . Detailed service . Served as garrison artillery at Nashville during its entire term of service . Battle of Nashville December 15 – 16 , 1864 .