naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Folland Midge The Folland Midge was a small , swept - wing British subsonic light fighter aircraft originally developed as a concept demonstrator for the successful Folland Gnat . Design and development . The Midge and Gnat were the creation of W . E . W . " Teddy " Petter , a British aircraft designer who had gained wide recognition for his design of the English Electric Canberra bomber and Lightning supersonic interceptor . Petter had grown suspicious of the trend towards bigger and more expensive combat aircraft , and he felt that a small , simple fighter would offer the advantages of low purchase and operational costs . New lightweight turbojet engines were being developed that would be able to power such small fighters . Petter was unable to pursue this vision at English Electric , so he left to become managing director of Folland Aircraft . In 1951 , using company funds , he began work on his lightweight fighter concept , which was designated the " Fo - 141 Gnat " . The Gnat was to be powered by a Bristol BE - 22 Saturn turbojet with 3 , 800 lbf ( 16 . 9 kN 1 , 724 kgp ) thrust . However , the Saturn was cancelled , and so Petter ' s unarmed proof - of - concept demonstrator for the Gnat was powered by the less powerful Armstrong Siddeley Viper 101 with 1 , 640 lbf ( 7 . 3 kN / 744 kgp ) thrust . The demonstrator was designated Fo - 139 " Midge " . The Midge , serial number " G - 39 - " 1 , first flew on 11 August 1954 from Boscombe Down , Wiltshire , with Teddy Tennant at the controls , and proved to be an excellent aircraft . The Midge had a number of advanced features , such as hydraulically powered " flaperons " , main gear that could be used as airbrakes , and a one - piece canopy that hinged over an inner armoured windscreen . Despite the low powered engine , the little jet could break Mach 1 in a dive and was very agile . The Midge was evaluated by pilots from Canada , India , Jordan , New Zealand , and the US Air Force , and was almost universally praised . The Midge had performed a total of 220 flights when it was destroyed in a fatal crash on 26 September 1955 , with a Swiss pilot at the controls . However , the Midge had demonstrated that Petter ' s lightweight fighter concept had much going for it . Folland went on to develop a full - scale Gnat prototype , also using company funds . Original film footage of the Midge can be seen in the 1956 British science fiction film " Satellite in the Sky " . The Midge portrays a fictional jet fighter used to test an experimental rocket fuel .
Silver Swallows The Silver Swallows was the name of Irish Air Corps Aerobatic Team . Active from 1986 to 1998 . The team was equipped with four Fouga CM170 Magister jet trainers , and was drawn from the Light Strike Squadron of the Irish Air Corps based at Casement Aerodrome , Baldonnel near Dublin . The name " Silver Swallows " was derived from the colour of the aircraft , and the ' V ' - shaped tail of the Magister aircraft the team flew . Throughout its history the team was operated on a part - time basis , with the display duties of the team being secondary to the primary roles of the Light Strike Squadron . Display history . The Fouga Magisters took Air Corp display formation flying to a new level in 1982 under the leadership of Capt . Gerard John Flanagan , at a special event planned for the 60th anniversary of the formation of the Air Corps . This four ship team , including Lt . Tony Regan , Lt . Dermot McCarthy , and Lt . Nick McHugh , performed a display designed to keep the team as tight as possible to the crowd , and introduced the concept of breaking up and reforming while flying aerobatic manoeuvres . Formation flying in the Air Corps made another advancement in 1983 under the now Comdt . Flanagan , with Lt . Tony Regan and Lt . Dermot McCarthy , when the team performed the first formation loop at the Air Spectacular at Fairyhouse . Formation aerobatics was continued in the Air Corp under Capt . Kevin Barry in 1985 and 1986 . The " Silver Swallows " were so named for the Air Spectacular held at Baldonnel in August 1987 , an occasion fully covered by the national television broadcaster , RTE . This same event saw the team again use a fourth Magister . Capt . Barry again led the team , with Capt . Jack Killoch , Lt . Pearse McCrann , and Capt . Tony Regan . The team made very few appearances outside their own country during their existence , their first overseas display being carried out at the RAF Brawdy Open Day on 26 July 1990 . The team for this airshow consisted of Capt . John Mulvanny , Lt . Martin Duffy , Lt . Kieran Friel , Lt . John Kelly . The newly promoted Capt . John Kelly subsequently led the team from 1992 up to and including 1995 . Their next overseas displays were carried out several years later , in 1997 , when the team visited a number of airshow s in the UK and Belgium to commemorate the Irish Air Corps ' s 75th anniversary . They appeared at the world ' s biggest military airshow , the Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire , in 1997 , where the team , led by Capt . Graeme Martin , and including Capt . Peter McDonnell , Lt . Paul Whelan and Lt . Christian Keegan , were awarded the prestigious Lockheed Martin Cannestra Trophy for the Best Display by an Overseas Performer . In 1998 the team was disbanded owing to the retirement of the Fouga Magister from Irish Air Corps service .
IX Tactical Air Command The IX Tactical Air Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Ninth Air Force , based at Camp Shanks , New York . It was inactivated on 25 October 1945 . History . Formed in England during 1943 as IX Air Support Command ( IX ASC ) . The primary mission of the command was to provide tactical Close Air Support of the United States First Army ground forces to interdict concentration of enemy forces , attack communications and ammunition dumps , and harass the enemy ' s retreat as well as provide reconnaissance to bombing support . It was re - designted as IX Tactical Air Command ( IX TAC ) in April 1944 in England , and its mission initially was attacking enemy forces in Occupied France and the Low Countries in preparation for the Normandy Invasion in June . Targets included bridges , roads , railroads and enemy interceptor aircraft both on the ground as well as in air - to - air combat . After the D - Day invasion , units attacked enemy targets initially in the Cotentin Peninsula , then supported Operation Cobra , the breakout of Normandy and attacked enemy forces in the Falaise - Argentan Gap . Wing headquarters and subordinate units operated primarily from liberated airfields and newly built temporary Advanced Landing Ground s in France , moved into north - central France , its groups attacking enemy targets near Paris then north - west into Belgium and the southern Netherlands . In December 1944 / January 1945 , engaged enemy targets on the north side of the Battle of the Bulge , then moved eastward into the Northern Rhineland as part of the Western Allied invasion of Germany . Supported First Army as it crossed the Rhine River at Remagen then moved north to attack ground targets in the Ruhr , providing air support as Allied ground forces encircled enemy forces in the Ruhr Pocket , essentially ending organized enemy resistance in Western Germany . First Army halted its advance at the Elbe River in late April 1945 , the wing engaging targets of opportunity in enemy controlled - areas until combat was ended on 5 May 1945 . Remained in Europe after the war as part of United States Air Forces in Europe , performing occupation duty and the destruction or shipment to the United States of captured enemy combat equipment . Assigned units also performed air defense duty over the American Zone of Occupation . Demobilized in Germany in the late summer , inactivated as an administrative unit in the United States during October 1945 .
AN / APG - 81 The AN / APG - 81 is an Active Electronically Scanned Array ( AESA ) radar system designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F - 35 Lightning II . The Joint Strike Fighter AN / APG - 81 AESA radar is a result of the US government ' s competition for the world ' s largest AESA acquisition contract . Westinghouse Electronic Systems ( acquired by Northrop Grumman in 1996 ) and Hughes Aircraft ( acquired by Raytheon in 1997 ) received contracts for the development of the Multifunction Integrated RF System / Multifunction Array ( MIRFS / MFA ) in February 1996 . Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman were selected as the winners of the Joint Strike Fighter competition ; The System Development and Demonstration ( SDD ) contract was announced on 26 October 2001 . The AN / APG - 81 is a successor radar to the F - 22 ' s AN / APG - 77 . Over 3 , 000 AN / APG - 81 AESA radars are expected to be ordered for the F - 35 , with production to run beyond 2035 , and including large quantities of international orders . As of October 2013 , over 100 APG - 81s have already been produced and delivered . The first three blocks of radar software have been developed , flight tested , and delivered ahead of schedule by the Northrop Grumman Corporation . Capabilities of the AN / APG - 81 include the AN / APG - 77 ' s air - to - air modes plus advanced air - to - ground modes including high resolution mapping , multiple ground moving target detection and track , combat identification , electronic warfare , and ultra high bandwidth communications . The current F - 22 production radar is the APG - 77v1 , which draws heavily on APG - 81 hardware and software for its advanced air - to - ground capabilities . In August 2005 , the APG - 81 radar was flown for the first time aboard Northrop Grumman ' s BAC 1 – 11 test aircraft . Since then , the radar system has accumulated over 300 flight hours . The first radar flight on Lockheed Martin ' s CATBird avionics test - bed occurred in November 2008 . In June 2009 , the F - 35s APG - 81 active electronically scanned array radar was integrated in the Northern Edge 2009 large - scale military exercise when it was mounted on the front of a Northrop Grumman test aircraft . The test events " validated years of laboratory testing versus a wide array of threat systems , showcasing the extremely robust electronic warfare capabilities of the world ' s most advanced fighter fire control radar . " Announced on 22 June 2010 : The radar met and exceeded its performance objectives successfully tracking long - range targets as part of the first mission systems test flights of the F - 35 Lightning II BF - 4 aircraft . The AN / APG - 81 team won the 2010 David Packard Excellence in Acquisition Award for performance against jammers .
Richard Nicolls Richard Nicolls ( 1624 in Ampthill , Bedfordshire – 28 May 1672 on the North Sea , off Suffolk ) was the first English colonial governor of New York province . He commanded a royalist troop of horse during the English Civil War , and on the defeat of the king went into exile . Soon after the Restoration he became Groom of the Chamber to the Duke of York , through whose influence he was appointed in 1664 on a commission with Sir Robert Carr ( d . 1667 ) , George Cartwright and Samuel Maverick , to conquer New Netherlands from the Dutch and to regulate the affairs of the New England colonies and settle disputes among them . The expedition set sail from Portsmouth on 25 May 1664 , and arrived in New Amsterdam on 27 August 1664 . New Amsterdam was surrendered to Nicolls on 8 September 1664 . Under authority of a commission from the Duke ( later King James ) Nicolls assumed the position of deputy - governor of New Netherlands ( New York ) . He made 74th Street , beginning at the East River , the southern border patent line ( which was called the " Harlem Line " ) of the village of Nieuw Haarlem ( later , the village of Harlem ) ; the British also renamed the village " Lancaster " . His policy was vigorous but tactful , and the transition to the new regime was made smoothly and with due regard to the interests of the conquered people . The formerly Dutch colonists were guaranteed in the possession of their property rights , their laws of inheritance , and the enjoyment of religious freedom . The English system of law and administration was at once introduced into Long Island , Staten Island and Westchester , where the English element already predominated , but the change was made much more slowly in the Dutch sections . A code of laws , known as the " Duke ' s Laws " , drafted by the governor with the help of his secretary , Matthias Nicolls ( c . 1630 – 1687 ) , and dated 12 March , was proclaimed at Hempstead , Long Island , on 1 March 1665 and continued in force until 1683 ; the code was compiled from the codes of the New England colonies , and it provided for trial by jury , for proportional taxation on property , for the issuance of new patents for land and for land tenure only by licence from the duke . Nicolls returned to England in the summer of 1668 and continued in the service of the Duke of York and was replaced by Francis Lovelace as governor . He was killed in the naval battle of Southwold Bay on 28 May 1672 . His monument at Ampthill incorporates the cannonball that killed him .
Hermann Rasch Hermann Rasch ( 26 August 1914 – 10 June 1974 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Isaac D . Smith Isaac D . Smith ( born in Wakefield , Louisiana , United States ) was a Major general in the United States Army . Education . Smith was in the Reserve Officers Training Corps at Southern University A & M College , where he earned a B . S . in Agriculture . He also earned a Masters in Public Administration from Shippensburg State College . He also completed several military education courses and attended the U . S . Army War College . Assignments . According to The Rocks , inc . , website : In 1983 , when Smith was a Brigadier general , " The Crisis " named him one of the " top blacks in the Armed Forces . " At the time , he held the same rank as Colin Powell . He was noted in " Blacks in American armed forces : 1776 - 1983 " , as well as " African American generals and flag officers " . Smith was the author of a major Army report on " THE DEPENDENTS SCHOOLS SYSTEM IN USAREUR " , about the education of " army brat s " in Europe . In 1989 , the Comptroller General of the Department of Defense that Smith failed to abide by the " Fly America Act " , which required use of US - based airlines for military flights ; Smith ' s case became a precedent . Awards . Smith won several DOD awards and decorations including the Distinguished Service Medal , the Silver Star , Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit ( with Oak Leaf Cluster ) , Bronze Star Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal ( with Oak Leaf Cluster ) , and the Army Commendation Medal ( with two Oak Leaf Clusters ) . In 1999 , Smith was named " Rock of the Year " by The Rocks , Inc . , an association of ROTC officers . In 2006 , Smith , by then a retired major general , received a citation from the Louisiana House of Representatives for his service to the United States , which was also passed by the Louisiana Senate .
Norton P . Chipman Norton Parker Chipman ( March 7 , 1834 – February 1 , 1924 ) was an American Civil War army officer , military prosecutor , politician , author , and judge . Biography . Born in Milford Center , Ohio , the son of Norman and Sarah Wilson ( Parker ) Chipman , he graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1859 , prior to the school ' s merger with the University of Cincinnati in its present form . Having enlisted in the Union Army ' s Iowa Infantry during the Civil War , Lieutenant Colonel Chipman fought courageously in battle and was nearly mortally wounded , leading his commanders to report him as dead at the Battle of Fort Donelson . Chipman did , in fact , survive and , upon recovery , was appointed as a member of General Henry W . Halleck ' s and later Samuel R . Curtis ' s staff . He later became a member of the Judge Advocate General ' s staff . Chipman successfully prosecuted Captain Henry Wirz , the commander of the Confederacy ' s infamous Andersonville prison camp , where almost 13 , 000 Union soldiers lost their lives . Chipman published his recollections of the famous Andersonville Trial in his 1911 book , " The Tragedy of Andersonville " . After the Civil War , Chipman was appointed Secretary of the District of Columbia by President Ulysses S . Grant , and was later elected to Congress as a delegate from the District of Columbia , serving two terms . He was a co - founder of the Grand Army of the Republic , and authored the order creating Memorial Day . After moving to California in 1876 , Chipman served as a member of the California State Board of Trade , eventually becoming its president . Finally , he was appointed by California ' s governor George Pardee as the first presiding justice of the newly created California Third District Court of Appeal , a position he held until 1921 . He died in 1924 in San Francisco at the age of 89 . He is interred in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St . Louis , Missouri . A small memorial remains in the library of the California Third District Court of Appeal in Sacramento . Chipman is the second longest - serving presiding justice of the court . In April 2006 , the Federalist Society of Chipman ' s alma mater , the University of Cincinnati College of Law , officially honored Chipman , renaming its local chapter the " Norton Parker Chipman Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies at the University of Cincinnati College of Law . " Personal life . Chipman married Mary Isabel Holmes ( 1846 - 1919 ) in 1865 while stationed in St . Louis , Missouri . They had two children : Robert Holmes ( 1865 - 1866 ) and Alice Helen . Popular culture . The story of the Andersonville trial and Chipman ' s role in bringing Wirz to justice inspired the Emmy Award - winning film " The Andersonville Trial " ( 1970 ) , directed by George C . Scott . In the film , William Shatner played the protagonist Chipman , Richard Basehart played Wirz , and Martin Sheen played a minor supporting role .
Silver Arrow Micro - V The Silver Arrow Mini - V ( originally named the Micro - V ) is a small reconnaissance UAV developed in Israel in the 1990s . It is powered by twin 3 kW ( 4 horsepower ) piston engines , one in a nacelle on each wing driving a pusher propeller . It has no landing gear . The Micro - V appears to be too small to carry a full sensor turret , carrying a miniaturized imager in a transparent section built into the middle of its fuselage . References . This article contains material that originally came from the web article " Unmanned Aerial Vehicles " by Greg Goebel , which exists in the Public Domain .
Siege of Mytilene The Siege of Mytilene occurred in 81 BC on the island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea . Mytilene had been in revolt against Rome and was expected of actively or tacitly aiding so called pirates in the region . Suetonius credits Marcus Minucius Thermus with the victory , but the siege may have been conducted by or in coordination with Lucius Licinius Lucullus . Julius Caesar began his military service during the siege after his pardon by Sulla during the proscriptions of 82 BC .
Battle of Chełm The Battle of Chełm was fought on June 8 , 1794 between Poland and the combined forces of the Russian Empire and Prussia . The Polish were led by Józef Zajączek , the Russo - Prussian forces by Petrowicz Zagriażski and Wilhelm Derfelden . The Russo - Prussian forces consisted of 16 , 500 soldiers , and 24 cannons , while the Polish general only had about 6 , 000 soldiers , 14 cannons , and 2 , 000 peasant soldiers armed with war scythes . Zajączek took in the forested hills 1 . 5 km away from the city . In the early noon the Russian troops started the attack . After several hours of fighting Zajączek could only try to save as much of his army as possible through a withdrawal . In the battle , the Polish forces have lost between 1 , 400 and 1 , 600 men . The Russian forces have lost only about 200 men . The Russian forces were victorious .
Pavel Maksutov Pavel Petrovich Maksutov ( April 25 , 1825 – May 2 , 1882 ) was an Imperial Russian Navy rear - admiral , prince , hero of Crimean War , 15th governor of Taganrog . Pavel Maksutov was born in Penza into a Russian noble family of Pyotr Ivanovich Maksutov . His brothers and sisters were : Nikolay , Alexander ( lieutenant , heavily wounded on August 24 , 1854 during the siege of Petropavlovsk - Kamchatsky , died on September 10 of the same year , Yekaterina , Dmitri ( rear - admiral , the last governor of Alaska , Pyotr and Georgy . He entered the Naval Cadet Corps in Saint Petersburg on March 16 , 1838 , was promoted to the rank of reefer in January 1840 . In 1840 - 1841 he sailed in the Baltic Sea on frigates Alexander Nevsky and Kastor . January 1 , 1841 promoted to the rank of midshipman . In 1842 - 1846 served on various ships in the Baltic Sea , and in early 1847 was transferred into the Black Sea Fleet . In 1847 - 1848 he participated in landing operations near Abkhazia , April 11 , 1848 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant for military actions against the mountaineers during Caucasian War . In 1849 - 1850 served on brig " Theseus " , sailed from Odessa to Constantinople and further to Aegean Sea . After return to Black Sea , in 1851 - 1852 served on battleship Tri Sviatitelia and on brig " Andromache " . During Crimean War , Maksutov served as flag - officer by rear - admiral Fyodor Mikhailovich Novosilsky and participated in the Battle of Sinop on board the battleship Paris . For 349 days of the siege of Sevastopol ( 1854 ) he was awarded with an Order of St . Vladimir of 4th degree with ribbon , he was also promoted to the rank of captain - lieutenant and after the end of war received two Orders of St . Anna of 2nd and 3rd degrees . 1863 - 1876 , Pavel Maksutov served as governor of Berdyansk and commander of the Berdyansk seaport . In April 1878 promoted to the rank of mayor - general of the fleet ( as of January 22 , 1879 renamed " rear - admiral " ) and served as Governor of Taganrog in 1876 – 1882 , where he became infamous after being implicated in the so - called " Valliano Affair " . This worsened his state of health and precipitated his death . He died on May 2 , 1882 in Taganrog and was buried in Sevastopol .
USS Elithro II ( SP - 15 ) USS " Elithro II " ( SP - 15 ) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1918 . " Elithro II " was built in 1916 by Luders Marine Construction Company at Stamford , Connecticut , as a private motorboat of the same name . She had two small funnels abreast amidships . The U . S . Navy leased " Elithro II " from her owner , John Kelly Robinson of Rye ( town ) , New York , on 10 November 1917 for World War I service . She was commissioned as USS " Elithro II " ( SP - 15 ) on 26 December 1917 . " Elithro II " performed intermittent plane guard duty at the Naval Coastal Air Station , Rockaway Beach , Long Island , New York , until returned to her owner on 18 December 1918 .