naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Odin ( N84 ) HMS " Odin " ( N84 ) was an O - class submarine of the Royal Navy . She was laid down by HM Dockyard at Chatham in Kent on 23 June 1927 , launched on 5 May 1928 and commissioned on 21 December 1929 . She served with the 5th Flotilla at Portsmouth in 1929 - 1930 , with the 4th Flotilla at Hong Kong from 1930 - 1939 , with the 8th Flotilla at Colombo in Ceylon in 1939 - 1940 , and with the 1st Flotilla at Alexandria in Egypt in 1940 . " Odin " was depth charge d and later rammed on surface by the Italian " Freccia " - class destroyer and the " Folgore " - class destroyer and sank in the Gulf of Taranto on 13 June 1940 .
Albuquerque Air Defense Sector The Albuquerque Air Defense Sector ( AADS ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the 33d Air Division , being stationed at Kirtland Air Force Base , New Mexico . It was inactivated on 1 November 1960 . History . The Albuquerque Air Defense Sector was established in 1960 by redesignation of the Air Defense Command 34th Air Division . The mission of the AADS was to provide air defense of New Mexico and most of Texas . The organization provided command and control over several aircraft and radar squadrons . The sector operated Manual Air - Defense Control Center ( ADCC ) ( P - 41 ) . A SAGE Direction Center was planned but never built . On 1 November 1960 the Albuquerque ADS was inactivated without gaining operational status when ADC ended command and control operations at Kirtland and Air Research and Development command becoming the Major Command to which Kirtland was assigned . The organizations under AADS were inactivated or placed under the 4752d Air Defense Wing ( later Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector ) after inactivation .
208th Coastal Division ( Italy ) The 208th Coastal Division was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The division was based in Sicily during the Allied invasion of Sicily , codenamed Operation Husky . It was a large scale amphibious and airborne operation , followed by six weeks of land combat . It launched the Italian Campaign . Coastal divisions , were second line divisions , usually formed from men in there forties and fifties intended to perform labouring and second lined duties . Recruited locally they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement . Their equipment was also second rate , Mussolini had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army , but this had often been sabotaged of arrived with no ammunition .
Russo - Turkish War ( 1676 – 81 ) The Russo – Turkish War of 1676 – 1681 , a war between the Russian and Ottoman Empire s , caused by Turkish expansionism in the second half of the 17th century . After having captured and devastated the region of Podolia in the course of the Polish – Turkish War of 1672 – 1676 , the Ottoman government strove to spread its rule over all of the Right - bank Ukraine with the support of its vassal ( since 1669 ) , Hetman Petro Doroshenko . The latter ’ s pro - Turkish policy caused discontent among many Ukrainian Cossacks , which would elect Ivan Samoilovich ( Hetman of the Left - bank Ukraine ) as a sole Hetman of all Ukraine in 1674 . Doroshenko decided to fight back , and in 1676 , his army of 12 , 000 men seized the city of Chyhyryn , counting on the approaching Turkish - Tatar army . However , the Russian and Ukrainian forces under the command of Samoilovich and Grigory Romodanovsky besieged Chyhyryn and made Doroshenko surrender . Leaving a garrison in Chyhyryn , the Russian and Ukrainian armies retreated to the left bank of the Dnieper . The Turkish Sultan appointed Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman of the Right - bank Ukraine , who had been the Sultan ’ s prisoner at that time . In July 1677 , the Sultan ordered his army ( 120 , 000 men ) under the command of Ibrahim Pasha to advance towards Chyhyryn . Ibrahim Pasha ' s army did not arrive at Chyhyryn until August 4 , 1677 . Samoilovich and Grigory Romodanovsky ' s forces rendezvoused on August 10 , and by August 24 only had to cross the Sula River to reach Chyhyryn . On August 26 – 27 , a skirmish between Muscovite and Ukrainian and Ottoman troops removed Ottoman observation posts and allowed the rest of the Muscovite and Ukrainian forces to cross the river unmolested . Muscovite and Ukrainian cavalry attacked and overwhelmed Ibrahim Pasha ' s camp , on the August 28 , inflicting heavy casualties . The following day , Ibrahim lifted the siege of Chyhyryn and retreated to the Igul ' River . Samoilovich and Grigory Romodanovsky relieved Chyhyryn on September 5 . The Ottoman Army had lost 20 , 000 men and Ibrahim was imprisoned upon his return to Constantinople . In July 1678 , the Turkish army ( approx . 80 , 000 men ) of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa besieged Chyhyryn once again . The Russian and Ukrainian armies ( 20 , 000 men ) broke through the Turkish covering force , however , the Turks had already managed to occupy Chyhyryn on August 11 . The Russian army retreated over the Dnieper , beating off the pursuing Turkish army , which would finally leave them in peace . In 1679 – 1680 , the Russians repelled the attacks of the Crimean Tatars and signed the Bakhchisaray Peace Treaty on January 3 , 1681 , which would establish the Russo - Turkish border by the Dnieper .
Venezuelan Air Force The Bolivarian National Air Force of Venezuela / Venezuelan National Bolivarian Military Aviation , since end of 2008 : " Aviación Militar Bolivariana Venezolana " ( previously " Fuerza Aérea Venezolana " , FAV ) is a professional armed body designed to defend Venezuela ' s sovereignty and airspace . It is a component of the Venezuelan armed forces . History . In the aftermath of the first plane flight in Venezuela on 22 September 1912 , a council was formed to search for a suitable aircraft for the growing Venezuelan Army in 1913 . The " FAV " goes back to 10 December 1920 , when the Military Aviation School of Venezuela was formed with COL David López Henríquez as its first commandant in Maracay . Its mission was the training of pilots for the fledging national air service , then a part of the army . Most of the airbases in Venezuela were built in the 1960s . The main fighter types in those years were Venom , Vampire , and F - 86 . Bomber squadrons typically operated B - 25 Mitchell aircraft . The 70s and 80s saw a considerable increase in capacity , mainly because the rising oil prices enabled the FAV to re - equip most of its units . The mixture of various aircraft types was maintained and Mirage III E and V , VF - 5A and D , T - 2D , OV - 10A and E , T - 27 were introduced . Venezuela was one of the first export customers for the F - 16 which arrived in 1983 to equip the newly formed Grupo Aéreo de Caza 16 at El Libertador Airbase . In the 1992 Venezuelan coup d ' état attempts , elements of the Venezuelan Air Force were key instigators of the rebellion . FAV units concentrated at El Libertador Air Base under the command of Brig . General Visconti seized control of the airbase and then launched an attack on the capitol . OV - 10 s , AT - 27 Tucanos , and Mirage III fighters under his command bombarded targets in the capitol and loyalist air bases , destroying 5 CF - 5 fighters on the ground . Two loyalist pilots escaped with F - 16 fighters and shot down 2 OV - 10s and 1 Tucano , claiming air superiority for the government . Two more rebel OV - 10s were lost to ground fire . As the tables turned on the coup attempt , General Visconti and his allies fled in two C - 130 s , 2 Mirages , 1 OV - 10 Bronco , and several SA . 330 helicopters . In 2006 , Venezuelan F - 16s , F - 5 s and Mirages participated in the joint exercise Cruzex III held in Brazil along with the air forces of Argentina , Brazil , Chile , France , Peru and Uruguay . Modernization . The AMV purchased 24 Sukhoi Su - 30 planes from Russia in July 2006 , as a result of the American embargo on spare parts for their F - 16 force . Currently Venezuela is in talks with Russia with regards to potential acquisitions of the Su - 35 fighter aircraft and a second batch of aircraft 12 - 24 Sukhoi Su - 30 . Organization . The Air Force is organized in twelve air groups , one for each aircraft type in use : Aircraft inventory . , the Venezuelan Air Forces consists of the following aircraft models and numbers :
Russian submarine K - 18 Karelia K - 18 " Karelia " ( ) is a Project 667BDRM " Delfin " - class ( NATO reporting name : Delta IV ) nuclear - powered ballistic missile submarine currently in service with the Russian Navy . It was built in Severodvinsk by Sevmash shipbuilding company and was commissioned in 1989 . It was renovated and modernized from 2004 to 2009 , after which it returned to the navy . Description . K - 18 " Karelia " has a length of overall , a beam of and a draft of . She displaces and has a test diving depth of . The complement is about 135 - 140 . The boat is powered by two VM - 4 pressurized water reactors which drive two shafts with seven - bladed fixed - pitch propellers . She can achieve a maximum speed of when surfaced and when submerged . The boat is equipped with 16 R - 29RM " Shtil " ( range of or R - 29RMU " Sineva " ( range of submarine - launched ballistic missile s , RPK - 7 " Veter " anti - ship missiles and 4 533 - mm bow tubes to launch up to 18 torpedoes or 24 mines . Construction and service . " Karelia " was laid down in the Sevmash shipbuilding yard in February 1987 and was launched in 1988 . It bears the name of a region of northwestern Russia ( and eastern Finland ) . It was commissioned into the Soviet Navy in 1989 , and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union , it was transferred to the Russian Navy . " Karelia " underwent modernization at Zvezdochka shipyard in northern Russia between 2004 and 2009 . The submarine had 100 new components added which included the TVR - 671RM rocket torpedo system and the RSM - 54 Sineva SLBMs . Other upgrades included noise reduction , better vessel - tracking capabilities and improved survivability . The submarine has fired over 14 missiles and has traveled more than . In April 2000 , Vladimir Putin , then the Acting President of Russia , spent the night in the submarine at a depth of over 50 metres , and oversaw the Northern Fleet exercises . Officers demonstrated to Putin how ballistic missiles were launched , and Putin was made an honorary submariner after he followed the traditional submariner ' s ritual of drinking seawater .
Kutsuki Mototsuna His father was Kutsuki Harutsuna ( 朽木 晴綱 ) . The Kutsuki were a powerful clan at Kutsuki - tani ( 朽木谷 ) , Takasima - gori , Ōmi Province . At the age of two , Mototsuna succeeded when his father died in battle . At first , he served an Ashikaga shogunate at the Hokosyu . In 1570 , Mototsuna helped Oda Nobunaga when he attacked Asakura clan and retired through Kutsuki . He then served Hashiba Hideyoshi after Nobunga died in 1582 . In 1600 at the Battle of Sekigahara , at the start Mototsuna took part in Ishida Mitsunari ' s force belonging to Otani Yoshitsugu . However , acting in concert with Kobayakawa Hideaki , Mototsuna , along with Wakisaka Yasuharu , Ogawa Suketada and Akaza Naoyasu , betrayed Mitsunari . After the battle , Ieyasu let Yasuharu govern his domain because of this exploit .
Second Dacian War The Second Dacian War was fought in 105 to 106 because the Dacian king Decebalus had broken his peace terms with the Roman emperor Trajan from the First Dacian War . Now Trajan set out to Dacia with total conquest in his sights . Before the War . Following his subjugation , Decebalus complied with Rome for a time , but was soon inciting revolt among tribes against them and pillaging Roman colonies across the Danube . True to the intrepid and optimistic nature he had become renowned for , Trajan rallied his forces once more in 106 for a second war against the Kingdom of Dacia . The War . At the start of the war , Trajan built another bridge over the Danube to move his legions faster into Dacia . Unlike the first conflict , the second war involved several skirmishes that proved costly to the Roman military , who , facing large numbers of allied tribes , struggled to attain a decisive victory . Eventually , however , Rome prevailed and took Dacia . An assault against the capital Sarmisegetusa took place at the beginning of the summer of 106 with the participation of the legions II Adiutrix and IV Flavia Felix and a detachment ( vexillatio ) from Legio VI Ferrata ( see also Battle of Sarmisegetusa ) . The Dacians repelled the first attack , but the Romans destroyed the water pipes to the Dacian capital . The city was burned to the ground . Decebalus fled , but committed suicide rather than face capture . Nevertheless , the war went on . Thanks to the treason of a confidant of the Dacian king , Bicilis , the Romans found Decebalus ' s treasure in the River Sargesia - a fortune estimated at 165 , 500 kg of gold and 331 , 000 kg of silver . The last battle with the army of the Dacian king took place at Porolissum . Aftermath . In 113 , Trajan built Trajan ' s Column near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate his victory over the Dacians . Although the Romans conquered the ancient Kingdom of Dacia , a large remainder of the land remained outside of Roman Imperial authority . Additionally , the conquest changed the balance of power in the region and was the catalyst for a renewed alliance of Germanic and Celtic tribes and kingdoms against the Roman Empire . However , the material advantages of the Roman Imperial system wasn ' t lost on much of the surviving aristocracy . Thus , most of the Romanian historians and linguists believe that many of the Dacians became romanised ( see also Origin of Romanians ) . In 272 AD the Romans would lose the province of Dacia to the invading Gothic tribes .
Zimmerit Zimmerit was a non - magnetic coating produced for German armored fighting vehicle s during World War II for the purpose of combating magnetically attached anti - tank mine s , although Germany was the only country to use magnetically adhered mines against tanks in any significant number . It was developed by the German company Chemische Werke Zimmer AG . Operation . The coating was a barrier that prevented direct contact of magnetic mines with metal surfaces of vehicles . It was normally ridged to increase overall thickness . The magnetostatic field decreases very rapidly , with the cube of distance ; the non - magnetic coating holds the magnet of the mine too far from the steel of the vehicle for it to adhere . Deployment . " Zimmerit " was applied to some tanks and casemate - style closed - top self - propelled guns and tank destroyers produced from December 1943 to 9 September 1944 . It was only rarely applied to open - top AFVs . The rough appearance of the coating gave a distinct appearance , for one type a " shingle - like " look to the vehicles it coated . Application of " Zimmerit " was usually done at the factory . The many variations seen in application designs , from the regular ridge - shaped pattern , to a less common waffle - shaped pattern , are mostly related to the factory producing each type of AFV . For example , the waffle pattern was seen almost exclusively on Sturmgeschütz III assault guns . In general , vehicles already in service were not coated with Zimmerit . " Zimmerit " was discontinued from factory application on 9 September 1944 and from field application on 7 October 1944 . This was due to concerns that projectile impacts could ignite it . These proved false , but the order was never rescinded . Applying and drying the paste added days to the production of each vehicle , which was unacceptable as there was a shortage of tanks . Following the war , the British carried out trials of a similar material on Churchill and Cromwell tanks and some trials were conducted in Canada with a similar material applied to self - propelled guns but it was not implemented . No similar material was used on post - war tanks as the widespread use of man - portable HEAT rockets such as the Bazooka made magnetic mines obsolete . Ingredients . The paste was composed of the following :
Yūshio - class submarine The Yūshio was a Japan ese diesel - electric submarine class operated by the JMSDF . It was a second generation submarine , a development of the Uzushio class submarine , incorporating a teardrop hull , with a resulting increase in underwater performance on the Uzushio class submarine . Ten were built under the fourth defense plan in 1975 fiscal year . A training submarine , Yukishio , was retired on March 7 , 2008 . All warships were retired on the completion of the Harushio class submarine .
Politkofsky ( steam tug ) Politkofsky was a small Russian - built sidewheel gunboat that patrolled the Alaskan Panhandle in the 1860s . She was built of yellow cedar at New Archangel , or Sitka , and was in length and 152 tons displacement . Early copper boilers and a cross - head engine installed , and these came from an earlier ship " Imperator Nicholas 1 " . When the Czar sold Russia to the US in 1867 , the steamer was included in the deal . The paddler was then sold into civilian service as a tugboat . She worked the northwest coast , as the tug " Polly " , and went into Yukon river Gold Rush service where she sank in the river in 1906 .
Kyahan （ きゃはん ） are cloth leggings worn by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan . In Japanese the word is also used for western soldier ' s gaiters . Description . Kyahan were worn as padding underneath the samurai shin armour ( suneate ) . Some types of kyahan could be covered with chain armour ( kusari kyahan or kyahan suneate ) , these were worn by foot soldiers " ashigaru " or by samurai as protection . Kyahan were worn by ordinary travelers as protection from cold , insects and underbrush . Kyahan are often made of linen , but other materials such as cotton can be employed . Kyahan components depend on the season . When tying kyahan , the inner cords are shorter than the outer ones ; it is also advisable that the cords are tied on the inner side of the legs instead of on the front or outer area . This helps prevent discomfort when the stiff suneate shin - guards are placed over the kyahan .
Carpenter ' s Battery Carpenter ' s Battery was a famed Confederate artillery battery unit in the American Civil War . The unit was first organized at Covington , Virginia on April 20 , 1861 as Company A of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment , the " Alleghany Roughs . " When the Captain who organized the company resigned due to ill health , the captaincy devolved upon his First Lieutenant , Joseph Hannah Carpenter , who was born in 1834 at Covington , Virginia , in Alleghany County , Virginia . Carpenter had been an artillery cadet under General Thomas J . " Stonewall " Jackson in the Class of 1858 at Virginia Military Institute and legend has it that General Jackson recognized his former student ' s name on the company muster roll and ordered the company converted to an artillery battery with Carpenter as its captain , thus becoming " Carpenter ' s Battery . " Among the original members of the company were Joseph ' s brothers John Cadwalider Carpenter and Samuel Steuben Carpenter . The brothers played a central role in the unit ' s wartime service . When the company ' s commissioned officer s were reorganized after the First Battle of Manassas , Joseph H . Carpenter became the Captain of the battery with John C . Carpenter as his First Lieutenant ; in a later reorganization John C . Carpenter became the Captain of the battery with Samuel S . Carpenter as his Second Lieutenant . Captain Joseph H . Carpenter was wounded in action on August 9 , 1862 at the Battle of Cedar Mountain , and died from the effects of his wound on February 5 , 1863 at his parents ' home , Fort Carpenter , Virginia . John Cadwalider Carpenter , born in 1839 at Covington , Virginia served as Captain of the battery after his brother Joseph was wounded ; he commanded the battery through many engagements , including fifteen major battles , and lost an arm in combat at the Battle of Fisher ' s Hill , but survived the war .
USS Chimo ( 1864 ) USS " Chimo " , a single - turreted , twin - screw monitor , was built by the Aquila Adams , South Boston , MA , and launched 5 May 1864 , and commissioned 20 January 1865 , Acting Master John C . Dutch in command . " Chimo " was a " Casco " - class , light - draft monitor intended for service in the shallow bays , rivers , and inlets of the Confederacy . These warships sacrificed armor plate for a shallow draft and were fitted with a ballast compartment designed to lower them in the water during battle . Design revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City , Ericsson and Simers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only 3 inches . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by nearly two feet and the first few completed vessels had their turrets removed and a single pivot - mount 11 inch Dahlgren cannon mounted . These same few vessels had a retractable spar torpedo added as well . End of Civil War and fate . As a result , the " Chimo " sailed for New York , arriving 26 January 1865 , to be refitted with the torpedo gear . On 1 April 1865 she departed for Hampton Roads where she arrived on the 9th . On 28 April she sailed for Point Lookout , NC , where she served as a station ship until 28 May 1865 . Arriving at Washington Navy Yard 7 June 1865 , she was decommissioned 24 June 1865 . Her name was changed to Orion 15 June 1869 ; to Piscataqua 10 August 1869 , and she was sold in 1874 . < br >
USS Alice ( SP - 367 ) The second Alice ( SP - 367 ) - a motorboat built in 1913 at Morris Heights , N . Y . , by the Gas Engine & Power Co . & Charles L . Seabury Co . - was acquired by the Navy from Mr . David H . Morris , of New York City , on 8 May 1917 and commissioned on 29 September 1917 . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , she served as a dispatch boat through the end of World War I , transporting inspection and inventory parties around New York harbor . She was decommissioned on 9 May 1919 , and her name was struck from the Navy list on 7 July 1919 . On 5 August 1919 , she was sold to Mr . Reinhard Hall , of New York , NY