naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John Lawrence LeConte John Lawrence LeConte ( May 13 , 1825 — November 15 , 1883 ) was the most important American entomologist of the 19th century , responsible for naming and describing approximately half of the insect taxa known in the United States during his lifetime , including some 5 , 000 species of beetles . He was recognized as the foremost authority on North American beetle s during his lifetime , and has been described as " the father of American beetle study . " A member of the scientifically inclined LeConte family , John Lawrence was born in New York City , the son of naturalist John Eatton Le Conte . His mother died when John Lawrence was only a few months old , and he was raised by his father . Based on samples of his signature , John Lawrence used the surname variant " LeConte " without the space that his father used ( as " Le Conte " ) . John Lawrence graduated from Mount Saint Mary College ( now known as Mount St . Mary ' s University ) in 1842 , and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1846 . While still in medical college , in 1844 , John Lawrence traveled with his cousin Joseph LeConte to the Great Lakes . Starting at Niagara Falls , they visited Detroit and Chicago and traversed Michigan , Wisconsin , Iowa and Illinois before returning up the Ohio River to Pittsburgh and on to New York . John Lawrence published his first three papers on beetles that year . After graduating from medical college John Lawrence LeConte made several trips west , including to California via Panama in 1849 . While in San Francisco , he sent 10 , 000 beetles preserved in alcohol back to his father . Another 20 , 000 beetle specimens were lost in a fire in 1852 . LeConte also traveled to Europe , Egypt and Algiers . He spent two years exploring the Colorado River , and was in Honduras for the building of the Honduras Interoceanic Railway , and in Colorado and New Mexico with the party surveying for the Kansas Pacific Railroad . He moved to Philadelphia in 1852 , residing there for the rest of his life . During the American Civil War he worked as a with the California volunteers , reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel . In 1878 he became the chief clerk ( assistant director ) of the United States Mint in Philadelphia . He retained that position until his death in 1883 . LeConte was active in the scientific societies of his time , with stints as vice - president of the American Philosophical Society ( 1880 – 1883 ) and president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( 1873 ) . He was a founder of the American Entomological Society , and a charter member of the National Academy of Sciences . Le Conte ' s Thrasher was discovered by LeConte while on a beetle - collecting trip to Arizona , and named after him by George Newbold Lawrence . LeConte communicated with and collected birds for Spencer Fullerton Baird , a distant cousin and Assistant Director and then Director of the Smithsonian Institution for a total of 39 years . In turn Baird asked other naturalists to collect beetles for LeConte .
Samuel Fields Samuel Fields was an African - American who claimed to have been a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War . After 1876 , General Fields moved to Deadwood , South Dakota to seek his fortune . There he went by several nicknames — including " Nigger General " and " General Darkey " — but was commonly known as " General Fields " . The man took no offense at racial epithets and regardless of his personal wealth at any moment , he referred to himself as a " sly - coon " . Samuel Fields ' s exploits were common fodder in local newspapers , such as the " Black Hills Pioneer " . On the HBO television series " Deadwood " the character of Samuel Fields is played by Franklyn Ajaye and rather loosely based on the real Samuel Fields .
German heavy tank battalion German heavy tank battalions ( ) , were elite battalion - sized World War II tank units , equipped with Tiger I , and later Tiger II , heavy tanks . Originally intended to fight on the offensive during breakthrough operations , the German late - war realities required them to be used in a defensive posture by providing heavy fire support and counter - attacking enemy armored breakthroughs , often organised into " ad hoc " Kampfgruppe . These panzer detachments were considered elite units . Formation . Early formation units experimented to find the correct combination of heavy Tiger tanks supported by either medium Panzer III tanks or scout elements . In 1942 this consisted of 20 Tigers and 16 Panzer IIIs , composed of two companies , each with four platoons of two Tigers and two Panzer IIIs . Each company commander would have an additional Tiger , and battalion command would have another two . Later formations had a standard organization of 45 Tiger Tanks , composed of 3 companies of 14 Tigers each , plus 3 command vehicles . Maintenance troubles and the mechanical unreliability of the Tigers posed a continuous problem , so often the units would field a smaller number of combat - ready tanks . The limited number of these heavy tanks , plus their specialized role in either offensive or defensive missions , meant they were rarely permanently assigned to a single division or corps ; but shuffled around according to war circumstances . Army units . By the end of the war , the following heavy panzer detachments had been created . Early units were re - built several times by the end of the war . Independent units attached to the German Army ( " Heer " ) were : The only battalion permanently attached to a division : SS units . Units attached to the Waffen - SS were : Combat performance . Tank losses include losses inflicted other than by enemy tanks . Also , many tanks were abandoned by their crews due to a lack of fuel , ammunition or breakdown , especially at the end of war .
James Findlay ( Cincinnati mayor ) James Findlay ( October 12 , 1770 – December 28 , 1835 ) was a soldier , political official , and merchant who for decades was one of the leading citizens of Cincinnati , Ohio . Biography . Findlay was born in Mercersburg , Pennsylvania , to Samuel Findlay and Jane Smith . He had two older brothers , John Findlay and William Findlay . After his father suffered financial setbacks , Findlay moved to the Northwest Territory in 1793 with his wife Jane Irwin ( 1769 – 1851 ) . There , in partnership with John Smith , he soon became one of the leading merchants and most influential men in the young city of Cincinnati . He was elected to the legislature of the Northwest Territory in 1798 , and in 1802 he became the United States Marshal for the Ohio Territory . In 1800 Findlay received his most influential appointment , that of receiver of public money at the Cincinnati Public Land Office , which made him the region ' s most visible official of the federal government and a central figure in the business and politics of Cincinnati . In 1805 and 1806 , he served as mayor of Cincinnati , a position he would return to in 1810 and 1811 . Findlay also played an active role in the Ohio militia , attaining the rank of brigadier general . In 1806 and 1807 Findlay helped to quash the Burr conspiracy , though that meant turning on his partner Smith , an alleged conspirator . In the War of 1812 , Findlay was commissioned a colonel in the United States Army , and commanded the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry . He marched north with General William Hull , and opposed Hull ' s disastrous decision to surrender Detroit . Afterwards , Findlay was promoted to major general in the Ohio militia , and built Fort Findlay at the site of present - day Findlay , Ohio . He was elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses and elected as a Jacksonian Democrat to the Twenty - first and Twenty - second Congresses ( March 4 , 1825 – March 3 , 1833 ) . Findlay eventually broke with the Jackson Democrats , and was defeated for reelection in 1832 , and as an Anti - Jacksonian lost a bid for Governor of Ohio in 1834 . He died in Cincinnati and was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery . Legacy . The Findlay Market , his most famous legacy , is built on land donated to Cincinnati by the estate of General Findlay and Jane Irwin Findlay .
USS Queen City ( 1863 ) USS " Queen City " ( 1863 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy as a gunboat and assigned to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Purchased in Ohio in 1863 . " Queen City " , a wooden , side wheel steamer , was purchased by the Navy at Cincinnati , Ohio , from Samuel Wiggins , 13 February 1863 ; and commissioned at Cincinnati 1 April 1863 , Acting Master Jason Goudy in command . Civil War service . Assigned to the Tennessee River operating area . The “ tinclad ” gunboat ( No . 26 ) operated tip the Tennessee River supporting Union Army operations in the area through the spring . In the summer she transferred to the Mississippi River and patrolled the river protecting Union lines of supply and communications . On 13 October she departed Helena , Arkansas , and carried troops to Friar ’ s Point , Mississippi , where they landed and surrounded the town . The next morning they seized a large quantity of cotton . Captured by Confederate cavalry and blown up . In ensuing months , she continued operations along the rivers of Arkansas . Off Clarendon , Arkansas , 24 June , two regiments of Confederate cavalry supported by artillery attacked " Queen City " disabling the paddle wheel steamer arid forcing her commander to surrender . When attempted to recover the ship , the Confederates blew her up .
Long - bearded axe A bearded axe , or Skeggöx ( from Old Norse " Skegg " , beard + " öx " , axe ) refers to various axes , used as a tool and weapon , as early as the 6th century AD . It is most commonly associated with Viking Age Scandinavians . The lower portion of an axe bit is called the " beard " and the cutting edge of the bearded axe extends below the width of the butt to provide a wide cutting surface while keeping the overall weight of the axe low . The hook , or " beard " of the axe would have also been useful in battle , to hook onto things , such as shields or weapons , to pull them out of the defender ' s grasp . Additionally this design allows the user to grip the haft directly behind the head for planing or shaving wood . Variations of this design are still in use by modern woodworkers and some foresters .
USNS Milford ( T - AG - 187 ) USNS " Milford " ( T ‑ AG ‑ 187 ) was one of 12 ships scheduled to be acquired by the United States Navy in February 1966 and converted into Forward Depot Ships and placed into service with the Military Sea Transport Service , The " Greeley Victory " ( MCV ‑ 714 ) was chosen for this conversion and assigned the name " Milford " but the program was canceled and the ships were not acquired by the Navy .
Fortress of São Miguel Fortaleza de São Miguel or Saint Michael Fortress was a Portuguese fortress built in Luanda , Angola . São Miguel fort was built in 1576 by Paulo Dias de Novais . It became the administrative center of the colony in 1627 and was a major outlet for slave traffic to Brazil . This old fortress of São Miguel overlooks Luanda Island beyond the port . This massive fort was for many years a self - contained town protected by thick walls encrusted with cannons . Inside the fort , elaborate ceramic tiles tell the story of Angola from early years , and in the courtyard are large , imposing statues of Portugal ' s first king , the first European to reach Angola , Diogo Cão , renowned explorer Vasco da Gama and other notables . Until 1975 , the fortress served as the headquarters of the Commander - in - Chief of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola . Today , it holds the Museum of the Armed Forces .
Battle of Dollar The Battle of Dollar was a 875 battle fought in Dollar , Scotland between Danish invaders under Thorstem and the men of Alba under Constantine I . The Danes defeated the men of Alba and then occupied Caithness , Sutherlandshire , Ross , and Moray , far to the North of the battle site .
Strata Diocletiana The Strata Diocletiana ( Latin for " Road of Diocletian " ) was a fortified road that ran along the eastern desert border , the " limes Arabicus " , of the Roman Empire . As its name suggests , it was constructed under Emperor Diocletian ( r . 284 – 305 ) as part of a wide - ranging fortification drive in the later Roman Empire . The " strata " was lined with a series of similarly - built rectangular forts ( " quadriburgia " ) situated at one day ' s march ( ca . 20 Roman miles ) from each other . It began at the southern bank of the river Euphrates and stretched south and west , passing east of Palmyra and Damascus down to northeast Arabia .
Oversize cargo Oversize cargo is a single item that exceeds the usable dimensions of a 463L master pallet ( 104 inches length x 84 inches width x 96 inches height for military aircraft ) . Air cargo exceeding the usable dimension of a 463L pallet loaded to the design height of 96 inches , but equal to or less than 1 , 000 inches in length , 117 inches in width , and 105 inches in height . This cargo is air transportable on the AN - 225 , AN - 124 , C - 5 , C - 17 , C - 141 , C - 130 , KC - 10 and most civilian contract cargo carriers .
List of Zulu War Victoria Cross recipients The Victoria Cross ( VC ) was awarded to 23 members of the British Armed Forces and colonial forces for actions performed during the Anglo - Zulu War of 1879 . The Victoria Cross is a military decoration awarded for valour " in the face of the enemy " to members of the armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories . The VC was introduced in Great Britain on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War , and takes precedence over all other orders , decorations and medals . It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command . The first ceremony was held on 26 June 1857 , when Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in Hyde Park . The Anglo - Zulu War ( also known as the Zulu War ) was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom ( Zululand ; part of modern KwaZulu - Natal , South Africa ) . Although British and colonial forces under General Lord Chelmsford entered Zululand unopposed , on 11 January 1879 , the Zulu army soon inflicted a heavy defeat on them at the Battle of Isandlwana , in which more than 1 , 300 British and colonial forces were killed . Immediately after the battle , Zulu troops moved onto the small garrison at Rorke ' s Drift . Here , just over 150 British and colonial soldiers defended the outpost against 4 , 000 Zulu warriors . The action was later made famous by the film " Zulu " . The defence of Rorke ' s Drift is considered by historians as a masterly defensive action and an example of heroism against overwhelming numbers . Eleven VC recipients received their awards for deeds performed during the defence of the small garrison — one of the largest number awarded for a single action , and the largest number ( 7 ) awarded to a single unit ( the 2nd / 24th Foot ) for a single action . The severe losses at Isandlwana resulted in Lord Chelmsford having to abandon his initial invasion plan and to request significant reinforcements before another could be attempted . After these reinforcements arrived , a second invasion was launched in May . The second invasion culminated in the defeat of the Zulu army at the Battle of Ulundi , on 4 July 1879 . The war saw the end of the Zulu nation ' s independence as it became a protectorate of the British . Under the original Royal Warrant , the VC could not be awarded posthumously . Between 1897 and 1901 , several notices were issued in the " London Gazette " regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived . In a partial reversal of policy in 1902 , six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC , but not " officially " awarded the medal . In 1907 , the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men ; Nevill Coghill and Teignmouth Melvill were two of the soldiers who were decorated thus . The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to include posthumous awards until 1920 but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous .
Erle Cocke , Jr . Egbert Erle Cocke , Jr . ( May 10 , 1921 - April 23 , 2000 ) was primarily an international banking consultant and lobbyist , but he also did considerable work in business management consulting and public relations consulting . He was co - founder with Brigadier General Eugene Phillips ( born 1917 ) of Cocke & Phillips International Corporation , a banking consulting and lobbying firm founded in Washington , D . C . in 1976 . Cocke was President of Cocke & Phillips , but Phillips ( still living in 2012 ) was actively associated with the firm only during the years 1976 / 1977 - 1984 . Cocke was a heavily decorated combat veteran of W . W . II . He also served as a Brigadier General in the Georgia Army National Guard , and he held the distinction of being the youngest - ever National Commander of the American Legion ( 1950 - 1951 ) . Biography . A native of Dawson , Georgia , Cocke was the son of Egbert Erle Cocke , Sr . ( 1895 - 1977 ) and India Elise Meadows ( 1892 - 1982 ) . E . E . Cocke , Jr . graduated from the University of Georgia ( A . B . , class of 1942 ) , where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Literary Society . In 1947 he received an M . B . A . in Business Administration from Harvard University . In later years he received a total of three honorary doctorates from various universities . He married Madelyn Grotnes ( 1924 - 2001 ) on June 13 , 1955 in Chicago . Madelyn had been a private secretary to Senator Joseph McCarthy until about three months before her marriage . Erle and Madelyn had three daughters - Elise Carol Cocke , Jennifer Aline Cocke ( Mrs . Gregg Carpenter ) , and Carolyn Laurine Cocke ( Mrs . Jeffrey M . Whitsett ) - and a son ( Egbert Erle Cocke , III ) , who died . Cocke and his wife Madelyn are buried in Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Cocke was first commissioned an officer in the United States Army in 1942 and served in World War II . Later in 1951 , when President Harry S . Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of his duties during the Korean War , Cocke would voice his support of MacArthur . Awards he received during his career include the Silver Star , the Bronze Star Medal , the Purple Heart with three oak leaf clusters , as well as the Croix de guerre of France . He served as Commander of the Georgia Department of the American Legion from October 1948 to September 1949 , and he served as National Commander of the American Legion from Oct . 12 , 1950 to Oct . 17 , 1951 . Political career . After serving as an aide to Secretary of State George Marshall and Secretary of Defense Robert A . Lovett , Cocke was appointed a U . S . delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Dwight D . Eisenhower in 1959 . He held a position in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development during the administrations of Presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . In 1964 and 1966 he ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for a seat in the United States House of Representatives to represent Georgia ' s 3rd congressional district .
William H . Forney William Henry Forney ( November 9 , 1823 - January 16 , 1894 ) was a U . S . Representative from Alabama . He was the grandson of Peter Forney and nephew of Daniel Munroe Forney and the brother of John Horace Forney . Biography . Forney was born in Lincolnton , North Carolina but moved with his parents to Alabama as a child . He was the older brother of Confederate Brigadier General John Horace Forney , first cousin of Confederate Brigadier General Robert Daniel Johnston and second cousin of Confederate Major Generals Robert F . Hoke and Stephen Dodson Ramseur . Forney pursued an education in classical studies , and graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1844 . He served in the Mexican War as a first lieutenant in the First Regiment of Alabama Volunteers . Upon returning from the War , Forney studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1848 and commenced practice in Jacksonville , Alabama . Forney served as a Trustee of the University of Alabama from 1851 - 1860 . In 1859 and 1860 , Forney served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives . Civil War . During the Civil War Forney entered the Confederate States Army in 1861 as a captain in the 10th Regiment Alabama Infantry , and was successively promoted to major , lieutenant colonel , and colonel . He was regarded as a brave and effective commander . He was left on the field at Gettysburg with multiple wounds and remained a prisoner for more than a year . Following his parole , he was promoted to brigadier general and commanded a brigade in Mahone ' s division . He served in that capacity until the surrender at Appomattox . Post - War career . After the War , Forney served as member of the State senate in 1865 and 1866 . He was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - fourth and to the eight succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1875 – March 3 , 1893 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury ( Forty - sixth Congress ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1892 . He was appointed by President Grover Cleveland to be a member of the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission and served until his death in Jacksonville , Alabama , January 16 , 1894 . He was interred in City Cemetery .
Cohors III Aquitanorum equitata c . R . Cohors tertia Aquitanorum equitata civium Romanorum ( " 3rd part - mounted Cohort of Aquitani Roman citizens " ) was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment . It may have been originally raised in Gallia Aquitania in the reign of founder - emperor Augustus after the revolt of the Aquitani was suppressed in 26 BC . Alternatively , it may have been raised by emperor Claudius ( r . 41 - 54 ) to replace regiments stationed in the newly annexed province of Britannia . Unlike most Gauls , the Aquitani were not Celtic - speaking but spoke Aquitanian , a now extinct non Indo - European language closely related to Basque . The regiment first appears in the datable epigraphic record in Germania Superior ( Pfalz - Alsace ) in 74 AD . It remained based in Germania Superior for all its recorded existence . Its last datable attestation is an altar dedicated in 244 - 9 . The regiment ' s inscriptions have been found at the following Roman forts : Echzell ; Neckarburken ; Obenburg ; Oehringen ( 198 ) ; Osterburken ( 150 , 223 - 35 , 244 - 9 ) ; Stockstadt am Main ; Wimpfen . The name and origin of one " praefectus " ( regimental commander ) survives , P . Allius Proculus from the city of Rome . The names of one " centurio " ( infantry officer ) ( c150 ) and 3 " decurio nes " ( cavalry officer , commander of a " turma " ) survive , as do that of a " custos armorum " ( weapons officer ) and one " medicus " ( chief medical officer ) ( 198 ) . One " caligatus " ( common soldier ) is attested . No origins survive for any of these men . The honorific title " civium Romanorum " ( " c . R . " for short ) was normally awarded by the emperor for valour to an auxiliary regiment as a whole . The award would include the grant of Roman citizenship to all the regiment ' s men , but not to subsequent recruits to the regiment . The regiment , however , would retain the prestigious title in perpetuity . Until 212 , only a minority of the empire ' s inhabitants ( inc . all Italians ) held full Roman citizenship . The rest were denoted " peregrini " , a second - class status . Since the legion s admitted only citizens , " peregrini " could only enlist in the auxilia . Citizenship carried a number of tax and other privileges and was highly sought - after . It could also be earned by serving the minimum 25 - year term in the auxilia .