naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cephisodotus ( general ) Cephisodotus ( ; lived 4th century BC ) was an Athenian general and orator , who was sent with Callias , Autocles , and others in 371 BC to negotiate peace with Sparta . Again , in 369 BC , when the Spartan ambassadors had come to Athens to settle the terms of the desired alliance between the states , and the Athenian council had proposed that the land - forces of the confederacy should be under the command of Sparta , and the navy under that of Athens , Cephisodotus persuaded the assembly to reject the proposal , on the ground that , while Athenian citizens would have to serve under Spartan generals , few but Helot s ( who principally manned the ships ) would be subject to Athenian control . Another arrangement was then adopted , by which the command of the entire force was to be held by each state alternately for five days . It seems to have been about 359 BC that he was sent out with a squadron to the Hellespont , where the Athenians hoped that the Euboean adventurer , Charidemus , the friend of Cephisodotus , would , according to his promise made through the latter , co - operate with him in re - annexing the Thracian Chersonese to their dominion . But Charidemus turned his arms against them , and marched in particular to the relief of Alopeconnesus , a town on the south - east of the Chersonese , of which Cephisodotus had been ordered to make himself master under the pretext of dislodging a band of pirates who had taken refuge there . Unable to cope with Charidemus , he entered into a compromise by which the place was indeed yielded to Athens , but on terms so disadvantageous that he was recalled from his command and brought to trial for his life . By a majority of only three votes he escaped sentence of death , but was condemned to a fine of five talent s . This was perhaps the Cephisodotus who , in 355 BC , joined Aristophon the Azenian and others in defending the law of Leptines against Demosthenes , and who is mentioned in the speech of the latter as inferior to none in eloquence . Aristotle speaks of him as an opponent of Chares when the latter had to undergo his " euthyne " , or public scrutiny , after the Olynthian war , 347 BC .
Daniel Claus Christian Daniel Claus ( 1727 – 1787 ) was a commissioner of Indian affairs and a prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution . He was born September 13 , 1727 at Bönnigheim , Württemberg the son of Adam Frederic Claus and his wife Anna Dorothea . He arrived in America in 1749 . In 1755 he was made a lieutenant in the Indian department and a deputy secretary of Indian affairs . He had lived with Joseph Brant and the Mohawks for a while and could speak their language . In September 1775 , he was replaced as the deputy superintendent by Major John Campbell . In November , Daniel Claus sailed to London to appeal his case before the British Lords . He was given the post of deputy confined to working with the Iroquois refugees in Canada . In August , 1777 , he was appointed as agent of the Six Nations Indians by Frederick Haldimand . He died November 9 , 1787 near Cardiff , Wales .
William Pershing Benedict Lieutenant Colonel William Pershing Benedict ( 1928 – August 31 , 1974 ) was an American pilot from California . He is best known for having made the first United States aircraft landing at the North Pole . Early life . Benedict tried to join U . S . Army Air Force for pilot training , but was rejected because of his modest education . Instead , he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in July 1940 . He received his wings as an RCAF fighter pilot on July 29 , 1941 . Benedict was sent to Great Britain for advanced training , but was soon transferred to French Equatorial Africa . In March 1942 he was assigned to 127 Squadron RAF , based at Haifa , Palestine ( now in Israel ) . He was shot down on July 16 , 1942 , while flying a Hurricane , but parachuted to safety . On December 15 , 1942 , Benedict was transfer to the USAAF , where he flew Curtiss P - 40 s and later P - 47 Thunderbolt s . He returned to the U . S . on leave in December 1944 , and married his Canadian fiancee . He then returned to Europe for the remainder of the war . After the war , Benedict was stationed in Alaska . Because of his excellent record as a pilot and flight instructor , he was offered the chance to make the first polar landing . He promptly accepted . Landing at North Pole . Benedict flew with Lt . Col . Joseph Otis Fletcher as his co - pilot in a U . S . Air Force C - 47 modified to have skis and wheels . They became the first Americans to land a plane there on May 3 , 1952 , and ( with scientist Albert P . Crary ) were the first Americans to set foot on the exact geographical North Pole . Post - Air Force years . Benedict retired from the Air Force in 1962 with the rank of lieutenant colonel . He then worked as a firefighting pilot in California . He was killed in a plane crash on August 31 , 1974 , while flying a Grumman F7F twin engine fighter dropping fire retardant in the Ukiah area of California . Notes . Bill Benedict was flying a Gruman F7F Tiger Cat . Mrs . Mary Benedict died in July 2007 . Charle B . Compton Author of Born To Fly
SS Harriet Tubman SS " Harriet Tubman " ( MC contract 3032 ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Harriet Tubman , an African - American freedom fighter during the American Civil War . The ship was laid down by the South Portland Shipbuilding Corporation , South Portland , Maine , on 19 April 1944 , then launched on 3 June 1944 . The ship survived the war only to suffer the same fate as nearly all other Liberty ships that survived did ; she was scrapped in 1972 .
Robert H . Dietz Robert H . Dietz ( January 22 , 1921 – March 29 , 1945 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Dietz joined the Army from his birthplace of Kingston , New York in March 1942 , and by March 29 , 1945 was serving as a Staff Sergeant in Company A , 38th Armored Infantry Battalion , 7th Armored Division . On that day , during an attack on Kirchain , Germany , he single - handedly killed several German soldiers defending a bridge into the city and then disabled demolition charges which had been placed under a second bridge . He was killed by enemy fire immediately afterwards , but had successfully cleared the way for the American troops to enter the city . For these actions , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor nine months later , on December 17 , 1945 . Dietz Memorial Stadium in Kingston is named in his honor and memory . Dietz , aged 24 at his death , was buried at Wiltwyck Cemetery in his hometown of Kingston , New York . Medal of Honor citation . Staff Sergeant Dietz ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He was a squad leader when the task force to which his unit was attached encountered resistance in its advance on Kirchain , Germany . Between the town ' s outlying buildings 300 yards distant and the stalled armored column were a minefield and 2 bridges defended by German rocket - launching teams and riflemen . From the town itself came heavy small - arms fire . Moving forward with his men to protect engineers while they removed the minefield and the demolition charges attached to the bridges , S / Sgt . Dietz came under intense fire . On his own initiative he advanced alone , scorning the bullets which struck all around him , until he was able to kill the bazooka team defending the first bridge . He continued ahead and had killed another bazooka team , bayoneted an enemy soldier armed with a panzerfaust and shot 2 Germans when he was knocked to the ground by another blast of another panzerfaust . He quickly recovered , killed the man who had fired at him and then jumped into waist - deep water under the second bridge to disconnect the demolition charges . His work was completed ; but as he stood up to signal that the route was clear , he was killed by another enemy volley from the left flank . S / Sgt . Dietz by his intrepidity and valiant effort on his self - imposed mission , single - handedly opened the road for the capture of Kirchain and left with his comrades an inspiring example of gallantry in the face of formidable odds .
Nils Swedlund Nils Per Robert Swedlund ( 1898 , Gävle - 1965 ) was a General of the Swedish Army , he was Commander in Chief from 1951 to 1961 . He was one of the strong spokesmen for a Swedish Nuclear Weapons programme . He worked hard to convince the government that they were necessary .
Screw picket A screw picket is a metal device which is used to secure objects to the ground . Today , screw pickets are used widely to temporarily " picket " dogs . They are also used to graze animals such as sheep , goats , and horses . Screw pickets are also used to stabilize small trees , tent poles , and other objects that are intended to remain upright . The original picket was a stake hammered into the ground to secure a horse by tying it to the stake . This required a second tool ( a hammer ) or the availability of a rock to use instead of a tool . The screw picket is screwed ( by turning it ) into the ground . In hard ground , it requires a second tool ( a leverage bar , or a spare screw picket ) or the availability of a length of wood . Screw pickets can be easily bent or broken , but less easily pulled from the ground . Military non - equestrian use . Screw pickets ( used as supports for barbed wire defences ) were introduced c . 1915 as a replacement for timber posts . The French name for this type of " steel stake " was " queue de cochon " or pigtail . The World War I steel stake became known in the British Army as a " corkscrew picket " . The corkscrew picket was made from a steel bar which had its bottom end bent into a spiral coil . It also had three loops or " eyes " ( some even had four ) formed , one at top , one at midway and one just above the corkscrew spiral . The final product was about eight feet long . Groups of soldiers known as wiring parties went out at night into no man ' s land to position these supports . They later strung the barbed wire through the loops to form a defensive wire obstacle as a protection for their trench line . The British called this type of stake a ' corkscrew ' picket because it was screwed into the ground rather than hammered in as the timber posts had been ( the hammering made loud noise , usually attracting enemy fire ) . The screw pickets replaced the timber posts ( although screw pickets were less rigid than timber posts ) , because they could be installed rapidly and silently . A wiring party is described in detail in World War I novel All Quiet on the Western Front by contemporary author Erich Maria Remarque . The corkscrew picket was screwed into the ground by turning it in a clockwise direction using an entrenching tool ' s handle or a stick inserted in the bottom eye of the picket for leverage . The bottom eye was used in order to avoid bending the vertical bar of the picket .
Shirō Takasu Admiral was a career naval officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Biography . Takasu was a native of Sakuragawa Village , ( currently part of Inashiki , Ibaraki ) , and graduated from the 35th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy , where his classmates included future admirals Nobutake Kondō and Naokuni Nomura . He served his midshipman duty on the cruisers and , and as sublieutenant on the battleship , cruiser , and battlecruiser . Takasu was commissioned as a lieutenant in December 1913 , serving on the battleship , followed by the cruiser . He attended the 17th class of the Naval Staff College and was promoted to lieutenant commander upon graduation in December 1919 . On June 23 , he was assigned as a military attaché to the United Kingdom and was promoted to commander in December of the same year . After his return to Japan in 1924 , he served as executive officer on the cruiser . A year later , he was assigned as an instructor at the Naval War College and promoted to captain in December 1928 , after which he received his first command , the cruiser in 1929 . Takasu returned to England again in December 1930 to serve as military advisor on the ambassador ’ s staff . He served on the court marshal of the perpetrators of the May 15 Incident in 1932 . He was promoted to rear admiral on November 15 , 1934 and reassigned to head the 3rd Bureau of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff , which was in charge of military intelligence . An outspoken opponent to the Tripartite Alliance between Japan , Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy , he was a member of the naval faction led by Isoroku Yamamoto and Mitsumasa Yonai opposed to war with the western powers . From 1936 - 1937 , he commanded the First Carrier Division , which was active in combat in the early stages of the Second Sino - Japanese War , and was a naval advisor to the fledgling state of Manchukuo in 1937 . Promoted to vice admiral on November 15 , 1938 , he then became commandant of the Naval War College . He was assigned as commander of the IJN 5th Fleet on September 29 , 1939 . On April 29 , 1940 , Takasu was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun , 1st class . On November 15 , 1940 , Takasu was assigned to command the IJN 4th Fleet , and from August 11 , 1941 , the IJN 1st Fleet . As the military position of Japan became precarious in the Solomon Islands and other areas of the Southwest Pacific , Takasu was assigned to command the Southwest Area Fleet from September 15 , 1942 . The IJN 13th Air Fleet also came under his command from September 20 , 1943 . He was recalled to Japan on March 1 , 1944 to assume the position of military councilor , and was promoted to full admiral on June 18 , 1944 . However , he died of sickness only two months later and his grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo .
Military of Belize The Belize Defence Force ( BDF ) is the military of Belize , and is responsible for protecting the sovereignty of Belize The BDF , along with the National Forensic Science Service , the National Coast Guard , and the Immigration Department , is a department of the Ministry of National Security , which is headed by Carlos Perdomo ; the BDF itself is commanded by Brigadier General Dario Tapia . In 2005 , the Belizean government spent $ 1 . 2 million on the military , constituting 1 . 87 % of the country ' s gross domestic product ( GDP ) . History . The military of Belize dates back to 1817 , when the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia , a volunteer organization , was founded ; this militia became the Belize Volunteer Guard of the British Territorial Army . The BDF was founded in 1978 following the disbanding of the Belize Volunteer Guard and the Police Special Force the year before . After Belize achieved independence in 1981 the United Kingdom maintained a deterrent force in the country to protect it from invasion by Guatemala ( see Guatemalan claim to Belizean territory ) . The main British force left in 1994 , three years after Guatemala recognised Belizean independence , but the United Kingdom maintains a training presence via the British Army Training and Support Unit Belize ( BATSUB ) and 25 Flight Army Air Corps . The BDF Maritime Wing became part of the Belizean Coastguard in November 2005 . Organization . The BDF consists of : The Belize National Police is a quasi - military unit in Belize . Aircraft . Aircraft Inventory as of January 26 , 2009 ! style = " text - align : left ; background : # aabccc ; " | Aircraft ! style = " text - align : left ; background : # aabccc ; " | Origin ! style = " text - align : left ; background : # aabccc ; " | Type ! style = " text - align : left ; background : # aabccc ; " | Versions ! style = " text - align : left ; background : # aabccc ; " | In service ! style = " text - align : left ; background : # aabccc ; " | Notes ! style = " text - align : backgroud : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Counter - insurgency ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Trainers ! style = " align : center ; background : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Transports ! style = " align : centre ; backgound : lavender ; " colspan = " 7 " | Obsolete Aircraft Naval . Personnel : year 2008 , 152
Master Aircrew Master Aircrew ( MAcr ) is the Warrant Officer rank held by aircrew in the Royal Air Force . It is equivalent to Warrant Officer in other trades , and is effectively the highest non - commissioned Aircrew rank . It has a NATO rank code of OR - 9 . People holding this rank are actually referred to by different titles depending on their specialisation : Master Signaller ( MSig ) , Master Engineer ( MEng ) , Master Air Electronics Operator ( MAEOp ) and Master Air Loadmaster ( MALM ) . This rank is the sole survivor of a system of separate ranks for aircrew which existed between 1 July 1946 and 1950 ( another system for technical staff existed between 1950 and 1964 ) . Other designations , such as Master Pilot and Master Navigator , once existed , but now these specialisations are only held by officers . The badge of rank is a small version of the Royal Arms ( as worn by a warrant officer ) with an eagle below , all surrounded by a wreath . Master Aircrew receive a warrant signed by the Secretary of State for Defence . New Zealand . The Royal New Zealand Air Force used the rank until June 2007 when the Master Aircrew rank reverted to Warrant Officer .
Mark T . Emerson Mark T . Emerson is a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy . He is currently in command of the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center in Fallon , Nevada . Prior to his current position , he served as commander of the Strike Force Training Command , Pacific . In addition he also served as Assistant Deputy Commandant for Aviation for the United States Marine Corps .
RMS Niagara RMS " Niagara " was an ocean liner launched on 17 August 1912 and owned by the Union Steam Ship Company . She was nicknamed " the " Titanic " of the Pacific " , but after the sinking of the real " RMS Titanic " this was dropped in favour of " Queen of the Pacific " . ( RMS " Niagara " was also the name of an ocean liner built in 1848 for the Cunard Line . ) At the start of World War II , RMS " Niagara " was operated by the Canadian - Australasian Line , maintaining a service from Auckland , New Zealand , to Suva and Vancouver . On 19 June 1940 she was under the command of Captain William Martin and had just left Auckland when , off Bream Head , Whangarei , she struck a mine laid by the German auxiliary cruiser " Orion " and sank in 121 metres of water . No lives were lost . Unbeknown to all but a few , a secret and large consignment of gold from the Bank of England was in the " Niagara " ' s strong room and went down with the ship . The gold was payment from England to the United States , which had not yet entered the war , for munitions in the fight against Germany . Gold salvage . A Melbourne company , United Propriety Salvage Ltd , was promptly contracted to recover the gold ; at the time it was one of the deepest salvage operations ever undertaken . The salvage team was led by Captain J . P . Williams and John Edwards Johnstone on the ship " Claymore " . The " Claymore " , built in 1902 , 260 tons gross , was an old coastal steamer . When first sighted for the salvage job she was a hulk rusting on the banks of Auckland harbour . Before recovering any gold the " Claymore " had to be salvaged herself . Once the " Claymore " had been restored to working condition , the salvage team based themselves out of Whangarei and commenced operations on 15 December 1940 . It took the " Claymore " approximately two months to locate the wreck , which they did by dragging their anchor along the seabed , and minefield . Twice during the locating phase of the operation she fouled unexploded mines and was almost sunk herself . On 2 February 1941 the resting place of the " Niagara " was located and the salvage team started the arduous and hazardous task of retrieving the gold on behalf of HM Treasury . They were armed only with rudimentary equipment , a viewing / diving chamber , radio , and a grab lowered from the surface . Williams and his team successfully recovered more than eight tonnes of gold after blasting a hole in the hull of the ship . 555 gold bars were removed , followed in 1953 by a further 30 gold bars , leaving 5 bars still unrecovered in the wreck as of 2011 . The diving chamber used in the salvage is still in existence , on display at the Castlemaine Museum , located in the town of Castlemaine , Victoria , Australia , where it had been manufactured by Thompson ' s Foundry in late 1940 .
Siegmund Freiherr von Schleinitz Siegmund Freiherr von Schleinitz ( 23 July 1890 – 30 November 1968 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Siegmund Freiherr von Schleinitz was captured by Soviet troops in March 1945 and was held until 1955 .
United Nations Partisan Infantry Korea United Nations Partisan Infantry Korea ( UNPIK ) , also known as the White Tigers , was a unit during the Korean War that was consolidated under the control of Eighth United States Army , Korea ' s 8th Army G - 3 Miscellaneous Group , 8086th and 8240th Army Unit . The details of the undercover operation were made public by the US Army in 1990 . The unit worked deep inside North Korea to gather intelligence , conduct raids and sabotage , rescue POWs , recruit & lead guerrilla armies and create confusion in the enemy ’ s rear . Operations . The island Wollaedo in the Yellow Sea was used as a base by pro - Southern partisans during the war . This position was regularly bombarded by Northern artillery on the mainland of Cape Changsan . In 1952 , a group of partisans working together with UNPIK landed on the cape . They successfully took control of and destroyed the artillery site , escaping with small losses . UNPIK was disbanded in 1954 . Legacy and commemoration . A documentary about the unit has been produced by the History Channel as part of their Heroes under fire series . The unit is widely seen as the second steppingstone towards the setting up of a permanent special forces doctrine in the US Army . < / nowiki > External links .
Jason Lamont Corporal Jason Lamont , MMV is a Canadian soldier who was who was among the first recipients of the Medal of Military Valour , a Canadian military decoration , in recognition of actions under enemy fire in Afghanistan . He belonged to Princess Patricia ' s Canadian Light Infantry . The citation reads :
Edwin Maffitt Anderson Edwin Maffitt Anderson ( died January 28 , 1923 ) was a Confederate naval officer , serving on board the shipping raiders CSS " Alabama " and CSS " Sumter " as well as the master of the blockade runner CSS " Owl " . Biography . Born in Georgia , Anderson entered the Confederate Navy in October 1861 , enlisting as a master ' s mate and being promoted within a month to midshipman . Briefly serving under Captain Raphael Semmes aboard the CSS " Savannah " , he was sent across the Atlantic and , in August 1862 , joined the " Alabama " in the Azores just before its official commission and would remain aboard the commerce raider throughout its entire career . Wounded during the battle with the USS " Kearsarge " on June 19 , 1864 , in which the " Alabama " was sunk , Anderson was rescued by the " Deerhound " , a British yacht , and taken to England . On his return to the Confederacy , he encountered the blockade runner " Owl " and agreed to joined its crew as an acting master and , by the end of the war , had won promotion to lieutenant . Anderson would later reside in Savannah , Georgia , where he lived until his death on January 28 , 1923 .