naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Francesco II Sforza Francesco II Sforza ( February 4 , 1495 – October 24 , 1535 ) , also known as Francesco Maria Sforza , was Duke of Milan from 1521 until his death . He was the second son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d ' Este . When Ludovico was ousted from Milan in the course of the Italian Wars , he brought Francesco with him to the court of the Emperor Maximilian I , who had married a Sforza , Francesco ' s cousin Bianca Maria . Francesco was assigned to an ecclesiastical career . His father was imprisoned in Loches by Louis XII , and died in 1508 , but when Charles V re - conquered Milan from the French in 1521 , Francesco was appointed its duke , the last of the family to hold that title . His sovereignty , however , remained circumscribed by the military occupation of Milan by Spanish troops . He returned to his state , depleted by twenty years of combat , promoting a cultural and economic recovery . Francesco fought at the Battle of Bicocca , on the side of the emperor , in 1522 . In 1526 he switched sides , joining the League of Cognac , together with Francis I of France , Pope Clement VII and the Republic of Florence , and was besieged in the Castello Sforzesco . On May 4 , 1534 he married the 12 - year - old niece of Charles V , Christina of Denmark , the daughter of Christian II of Denmark and Norway and Isabella of Burgundy . The union remained childless . His death in 1535 sparked the Italian War of 1535 . His half - brother Giovanni Paolo reclaimed briefly the Duchy of Milan after his death , but died in the same year under mysterious circumstances .
USNS Bridge ( T - AOE - 10 ) USNS " Bridge " is the fourth ship in the " Supply " class of fast combat support ship s and the second ship in the Navy named after Commodore Horatio Bridge . BRIDGE was commissioned on 5 August 1998 . Her commissioning CO was CAPT Robbie Williams ( a SWO ) . The second CO was CAPT ( now RADM ) Rick Wren . In June 2001 , CAPT ( now VADM ) Carol Pottenger relieved CAPT Wren . BRIDGE made four deployments as a commissioned warship . On 29 June 2004 , BRIDGE was formally decommissioned and transferred from the United States Navy to the Military Sealift Command . Although the transfer to MSC officially occurred on 29 June 2004 , the ceremony actually took place on 24 June 2004 ( which is why the two dates are often interchanged ) . BRIDGE no longer carries the weapons systems she previously was equipped with . As a commissioned warship , BRIDGE was equipped with two Phalanx Block 1 CIWS mounts , one NSSM launcher ( with two Mk 91 directors ) , two Mk 38 25 - mm chain guns , six . 50 cal machine gun mounts , two M - 60 mounts ( on the bow ) and two GAU - 38 Gatling guns ( in addition to the M9 Berettas , M - 14 ' s , and 12 - gauge Mossbergs issued to the watch standers ) . In March 2011 , in company with the carrier " Ronald Reagan " , the ship was deployed off northeastern Honshu , Japan to assist with relief efforts after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . Multiple surveys and repeated tests for traces of radiation have proven that during that time , the ship was not exposed to any leaking radiation from the Fukushima I nuclear accidents . In total , Bridge conducted 25 underway replenishment operations , delivering more than 1 . 8 millions gallons of fuel in support of Operation Tomodachi . In April 2013 , it was announced that the MSC will take USNS BRIDGE and USNS RAINIER ( T - AOE 7 ) out of service in 2014 as a cost - saving measure .
CSS Georgia ( cruiser ) CSS Georgia was a screw steamer of the Confederate States Navy , acquired in 1863 , and captured by the Union Navy in 1864 . Construction . The ship was built in 1862 as the fast merchantman " Japan " . She had a round stern , iron frame , fiddle - bow figurehead , short , thick funnel and full poop . Being an iron hull , she was clearly unsuited to long cruises without drydocking during a period when antifouling under - body coatings were yet unknown . Commander James Dunwoody Bulloch , a key Confederate procurement agent overseas , would have nothing to do with iron bottoms , but Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury settled for " Japan " because wood ( which could be coppered ) was being superseded in Great Britain by the new metal ; consequently wooden newbuilding contracts were not easy to buy up in British shipyards . Service history . The Confederate States Government purchased her at Dumbarton , Scotland , in March 1863 . On April 1 , she departed Greenock , reputedly bound for the East Indies and carrying a crew of fifty who had shipped for a voyage to Singapore . She rendezvoused with the steamer " Alar " off Ushant , France , and took on guns , ordnance and other stores . On April 9 , 1863 the Confederate flag was hoisted and she was placed in commission as CSS " Georgia " , Commander William Lewis Maury , CSN , in command . Her orders read to prey against United States shipping wherever found . Calling at Bahia , Brazil and at Trinidad , " Georgia " recrossed the Atlantic to Simon ' s Bay , Cape Colony , Africa , where she arrived on August 16 . She sailed next to Santa Cruz , Tenerife in the Canary Islands , thence up to Cherbourg , arriving October 28 . During this short cruise she captured nine prizes . While she was undergoing repair at Cherbourg in late January 1864 , it was decided to shift her armament to . The transfer was never effected , and " Georgia " was moved to an anchorage three miles below Bordeaux . On May 2 , 1864 she was taken to Liverpool and sold on June 1 to a merchant of that city over the protest of Charles Francis Adams , Sr . , United States Minister to Great Britain . The steamer again put to sea on August 11 , and four days later was captured by the frigate off Portugal . She was sent into Boston , Massachusetts , where she was condemned and sold as a lawful prize of the United States . She was documented as the U . S . merchant vessel SS " Georgia " in New Bedford , Massachusetts on August 5 , 1865 . She was reregistered in Canada in 1870 and was wrecked on the Maine coast in January 1875 .
Walter H . Cooke Captain Walter Howard Cooke ( July 21 , 1838 to January 28 , 1909 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Cooke received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action at Bull Run in Virginia on 21 July 1861 . He was honored with the award on 19 May 1887 . Biography . Cooke was born in Norristown , Pennsylvania on 21 July 1838 . He enlisted into the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry Militia . He died on 28 January 1909 and his remains are interred at the Saint Thomas Episcopal Church Cemetery in Pennsylvania .
Carl Norden Carl Lucas Norden ( April 23 , 1880 – June 14 , 1965 ) , born Carel Lucas van Norden , was an American engineer widely known for having invented the Norden bombsight . Norden was born in Semarang , Java . After attending a boarding school in Barneveld , Netherlands , he was educated at the ETH Zürich in Switzerland . He emigrated to the United States in 1904 . Along with Elmer Sperry , he worked on the first gyrostabilizing equipment for US ships , and became known for his contributions to military hardware . In 1913 , he left Sperry and formed his own company . In 1920 , he started work on the Norden bombsight for the United States Navy . The first bombsight was produced in 1927 . It was essentially an analog computer , and bombardiers were trained in great secrecy on how to use it . The device was used to drop bombs accurately from an aircraft , supposedly accurate enough to hit a 100 foot circle from an altitude of 21 , 000 feet — but under actual combat situations , such an accuracy was never achieved . The U . S . Government spent 1 . 5 billion dollars developing this bombsight for military work . Norden died in Zürich , Switzerland in 1965 .
Treaty of Perth The Treaty of Perth , ( 2 July 1266 ) , ended military conflict between Norway , under King Magnus VI of Norway , and Scotland , under King Alexander III , over the sovereignty of the Hebrides and the Isle of Man . The Hebrides and the Isle of Man had become Norwegian territory during centuries when both Scotland and Norway were still forming themselves as coherent nation - states , and Norwegian control had been formalised in 1098 , when Edgar of Scotland signed the islands over to Magnus III of Norway . In Norwegian terms , the islands were the " Sudreys " , meaning Southern Isles . The Treaty was agreed three years after the Battle of Largs in 1263 . Michael Lynch has compared the treaty ' s importance with that of the Treaty of York of 1237 . The Treaty of York defined a border between Scotland and England which is almost identical to the modern border . Largs is often claimed as a great Scottish victory , but the Norwegian forces , led by King Håkon IV , were not fully committed to battle and the result was inconclusive . Håkon had planned to renew military action the following summer , but he died in Orkney during the winter . His successor , King Magnus VI , sued for peace and secured the Treaty of Perth . In the treaty Norway recognised Scottish sovereignty over the disputed territories in return for a lump sum of 4 , 000 marks and an annuity of 100 marks . The annuity was actually paid during subsequent decades . Scotland also confirmed Norwegian sovereignty over Shetland and Orkney .
Serafim Subbotin Serafim Pavlovich Subbotin ( Serafim P . Subbotin ) ( born January 15 , 1921 - April 22 , 1996 ) was a MiG - 15 pilot of the Soviet Union . He was a flying ace during the Korean War , with around 9 victories . He was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union . Some sources claim Subbotin had up to 15 victories , though most sources agree on 9 .
Rapid deployment force A Rapid deployment force is a military formation capable of quick deployment of its forces . Such forces typically consist of elite military units ( special ops , paratroopers , marines , etc . ) and are usually trained at a higher intensity than the rest of their country ' s military . They usually receive priority in equipment and training to prepare them for their mission . Quick Response Force ( QRF ) should not be confused with Rapid Deployment Forces ( US ) or Rapid Response ( NATO ) . QRF units are most often units that react to local or regional issues within their area of jurisdiction , i . e . National Guard , militias , Forward Deployed , para - military forces , etc . Rapid Deployment Forces in most militaries are used for deployment outside of their country ' s borders . The US Army ' s 82nd Airborne Division and the 75th Ranger Regiment are the best examples of Rapid Deployment Forces . Both units have the mission of having combat troops " Wheels Up " ( en route by aircraft ) within 18 hours of executive notification . Both units have the capability of " Forced Entry " into a territory to seize and secure key terrain , i . e . Drop Zone ( DZ ) , airfield or airport , to accommodate additional follow on forces . A good example of this was the Operation Urgent Fury . The Rangers were at the staging base in Barbados in less than 18 hours from notification followed by the 82nd Airborne Division . The title of Rapid Deployment Forces is often associated with the US Marines . United States Marine Corps are stationed worldwide on ships , off the coasts of troubled regions and are already in place . That mission status usually places them into the category of " Forward Deployed " in the same manner as the 2nd Infantry Division in the Republic of Korea ( ROK ) is forward deployed on the DMZ . Examples of Rapid Deployment Forces include :
Escadrille SPA . 57 Escadrille SPA . 57 of the French Air Force was founded during World War I , on 10 May 1915 . It was initially assigned to operate in the vicinity of Arras . It was cited in orders on 24 October 1915 . On 16 March 1916 , the escadrille moved to the front lines near Verdun . It would remain there until incorporated into " Groupe de Combat 11 " on 1 November 1916 . The escadrille served with " GC 11 " through war ' s end . On 24 May 1917 , the escadrille was again cited , for having destroyed 20 enemy aircraft and six observation balloon s . This second citation entitled members of the unit to wear the fourragere of the Croix de guerre . The arrival of SPAD s late in 1917 changed the unit ' s name to Escadrille SPA . 57 . Closely following the war ' s end , Escadrille SPA . 57 was once again cited for its efforts . It was credited with the destruction of 65 enemy aircraft and 14 observation balloons . Escadrille 57 continues to serve in the French Air Force .
Savoia - Marchetti SM . 93 The Savoia - Marchetti SM . 93 was an Italian dive bomber designed and produced in Italy from 1943 . Design . The SM - 93 was an all - wood single - engined low - wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage . The fuselage had a monocoque structure , with a single fin and low - set tailplane . The crew of two were accommodated under a long greenhouse - style canopy , with the pilot lying in a prone position above the rear of the engine , a Daimler - Benz DB 605 A liquid - cooled V12 engine , while the and the gunner / radio - operator sat facing rearwards on a conventional seat . The two - spar wings were in three parts with the inner wings sharply tapered to the join , outboard of the landing gear attachments , and the outer wings moderately tapered to the rounded wingtips . The prone position for the pilot was intended to enable the pilot to resist the onset of g - induced loss of consciousness , but the position was uncomfortable for normal flight and severely limited the rearwards view of the pilot . Development . The SM . 93 made its maiden flight on 31 January 1944 , and up to 29 March 1944 the SM - 93 had made 16 test - flights with speeds up to achieved in a dive , demonstrating the low drag and clean aerodynamics . Operational history . Flight testing was carried out under the aegis of the Luftwaffe and despite the good performance , the prone position was found to be unsatisfactory being uncomfortable and restricting rearward vision , the programme was halted by the German control Commission that was running weapons production in the " Repubblica Sociale Italiana " - RSI after the 1943 armistice .
Costas Aslanidis Costas Aslanidis was a Lieutenant Colonel and the Secretary General of Athletics during the rule of the Greek military junta of 1967 - 1974 . Aslanidis was a controversial figure throughout his tenure as Secretary General . On January 30 , 1968 , in a speech at the Alexandrion Melathron of Thessaloniki , he alleged that corruption was rife in Greek sports . He mentioned that Panathinaikos had paid off referees and linesmen , that Aegaleo FC defender , Tzekos Balarinis , had accepted a 7 , 000 drachma s bribe to throw his team ' s game and that Ethnikos ' star goalkeeper , Kostas Vallianos , had also accepted bribes to throw his team ' s games . Aslanidis went further and blasted PAOK forward , Giorgos Koudas , for wanting to leave his team for Olympiakos . Aslanidis imposed complex rules for transfers in the Greek League : No player could transfer within his own division and no player could transfer to a higher division . However , Aslanidis made exceptions to his own rules , most noteworthy of which was the transfer of Aspida Xanthi forward , Antonis Antoniadis , to Panathinaikos . Aslanidis was instrumental in having the Champions of Cyprus play in the Greek Alpha Ethniki between the years 1968 and 1974 . Olympiakos Nicosia FC were the first champions to participate and APOEL the last . The latter club was the only Cypriot team not to be relegated . Throughout his tenure Aslanidis insisted that athletes be well - groomed and clean - shaven . Aslanidis fled to Italy following the collapse of the Junta in 1974 and then moved to Brazil . Later , he returned to Greece where he died .
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs In the United States military , the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs ( ASD ( RA ) ) serves as Principal Staff Assistant and advisor to the Secretary of Defense , Deputy Secretary of Defense and Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness , with responsibility for overall supervision of matters which involve the Reserve components , including the Army National Guard , Army Reserve , Naval Reserve , Marine Corps Reserve , Air National Guard , Air Force Reserve and Coast Guard Reserve . The ASD ( RA ) reports directly to the under secretary of defense ( P & R ) and exercises authority , direction , and control over the National Committee for Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve . Responsibilities . According to a Statement of Intent signed by the ASD ( RA ) , the purpose of the office is " to set the conditions for a sustainable , seamlessly integrated and complementary total force . " To do so , the ASD ( RA ) seeks to " proactively deliver credible advice and information about the capabilities of the reserve components , " and " develop the policies and resources necessary to fully exploit those capabilities . " The language of these statements is precise and deliberate . As the Statement of Intent explains : The Statement of Intent also sets out a metric for this office ' s performance : " Our success will be measured by the degree to which we have advanced a culture of mutual appreciation and confidence in both the active and reserve components . " History . This position was mandated by the Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1984 ( P . L . 98 - 94 , passed 24 September 1983 ) , and established by Defense Directive 5125 . 1 , signed 12 January 1984 . The reserve affairs functions were transferred in from the Assistant Secretary of Defense ( Manpower , Reserve Affairs , and Logistics ) .
Norfolk County Division The Norfolk County Division was an infantry division of the British Army during the Second World War named after the County of Norfolk . It was formed on 24 December 1940 . On 18 November 1941 it was redesignated as the 76th Infantry Division . It was commanded by Major General W . M . Ozanne and its constituent brigade s were : It was under the command of II Corps .
Charles Perry Stacey Colonel Charles Perry Stacey , OC , OBE , CD , FRSC ( 30 July 1906 – 17 November 1989 ) was a Canadian historian and university professor . He was the official historian of the Canadian Army in the Second World War , and has been published extensively on matters both military and political . Early life , education . Stacey was born in Toronto , Ontario . After attending the University of Toronto Schools , he received a B . A . degree in History from the University of Toronto in 1924 . He received a second Bachelor ' s degree in History from Corpus Christi College , Oxford in 1929 . In 1933 , he received a Ph . D . degree from Princeton University . From 1933 to 1940 , he was a member of the History department at Princeton University . Service in Canadian Army . Stacey joined the Militia before the Second World War . His service as one of the Canadian Army ' s historians is well chronicled in his autobiography . He served in the United Kingdom for the majority of the war , collecting and collating information for future historians , as well as writing contemporary reports . Stacey ' s works have contributed much to the study of certain controversial operations such as the Dieppe Raid and Operation Spring . Stacey benefited from his access to the major Canadian military and political figures involved in the War , both during the conflict and afterwards , when the official histories were being finalized for publication . He attained the rank of Colonel . In total He served in the Army for 35 years ( 1924 - 1959 ) . Professor . From 1959 to 1975 , he was a Professor of History at the University of Toronto . Stacey published an autobiography entitled " A Date With History " , which presented much background information regarding the writing of the " Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War " . He extended these themes in volumes such as " The Half Million " ( dealing with the Canadian forces stationed in Britain ) , and " Arms , Men , and Government " ( concerning the government in Canada ) during World War II . He also sheds light on the poorly managed writing of the Official History of World War I ( only one of the projected eight volumes by the original author ever appeared in print ) . He died in Toronto in 1989 . His personal and research papers are in the University of Toronto Archives . A comment he made following World War II regarding war brides , calling them " Most excellent citizens , " became the title of a book on the subject by Eswyn Lyster .
Arnold Horace Santo Waters Sir Arnold Horace Santo Waters VC , CBE , DSO , MC ( 23 September 1886 , Plymouth – 22 January 1981 , Sutton Coldfield ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 32 years old , and an acting major in the 218th Field Company , Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army during the First World War at the second battle of the Sambre when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : On 4 November 1918 near Ors , France , Major Waters , with his Field Company , was bridging the Oise - Sambre Canal under artillery and machine - gun fire at close range , the bridge being damaged and the building party suffering severe casualties . All Major Waters ' officers had been killed or wounded and he at once went forward and personally supervised the completion of the bridge , working on cork floats while under such intense fire that it seemed impossible that he could survive . The success of the operation was entirely due to his valour and example . Further information . Later he was knighted , becoming Sir Arnold Waters . He was the President of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1933 - 34 and 1943 – 1944 , the only person to hold the post twice . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum , Chatham , Kent .
Guy Lenox Prendergast Guy Lenox Prendergast was an Saharan explorer and officer in the British Army during the Second World War . History . Guy Lenox Prendergast was one of a group of British Saharan explorers in the late 1920s and early 1930s . These men included Ralph Alger Bagnold , Pat Clayton and Bill Kennedy Shaw . they had explored the desert , before the war and had gained much valuable experience . After the outbreak of the Second World War Prendergast was commissioned into the Royal Tank Regiment , together with his explorer associates he was involved in the formation of the Long Range Desert Group ( LRDG ) under the command of Bagnold . On 1 August the then Major Prendergast was promoted Lieutenant Colonel and assumed command of the LRDG between November 1941 and October 1943 . After commanding the LRDG , he went on to be Deputy Commander of Raiding Forces and later Deputy Commander of the Special Air Service Brigade in 1944 – 1945 and officially , Commander of the Free French SAS Regiments with the rank of Brigadier . For his wartime service he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order , and the Czechoslovakian Order of the White Lion III Class . He died 6 October 1986 age 85 and is buried in the Strathoich Cemetery , Fort Augustus with his wife Angela May .