naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
4th Maintenance Battalion The 4th Maintenance Battalion is a battalion of the United States Marine Corps Reserve that provides intermediate - level maintenance for the Marine Reserve ’ s tactical ordnance , engineer , motor transport , communications electronics and general support ground equipment . They are headquartered in New Orleans , Louisiana with subordinate units throughout the United States . They fall under the command of 4th Marine Logistics Group . Mission . Provide general support and intermediate ( 3rd and 4th echelon ) maintenance support for Marine Corps furnished tactical ordnance , engineer , motor transport , communications electronics , and general support ground equipment . The Battalion is structured to provide command and control for centralized coordination and decentralized execution of maintenance efforts to sustain combat power . Subordinate Elements are organized along functional area lines to provide maintenance support in commodity areas that are critical to Marine Forces Reserve ’ s war fighting capability .
8th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry The 8th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry was an cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 8th Iowa Cavalry was mustered into Federal service at Davenport , Iowa for a three year enlistment on September 30 , 1863 . The regiment was mustered out of Federal service on August 13 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1442 men served in the 8th Iowa at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 15 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 3 officers and 176 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 194 fatalities .
War of the Succession of Stettin The War of the Succession of Stettin was a conflict between the Dukes of Pomerania and the Elector of Brandenburg . It started in 1464 , after the death of Duke Otto III , the last Duke of Pomerania - Stettin . The Dukes of Pomerania - Wolgast , Eric II and Wartislaw X , held that they were Otto ' s rightful heirs . Elector Frederick II of Brandenburg held that Pomerania - Stettin was a fief of Brandenburg . Since its duke , Otto III , had died without a male heir , it should fall back to Brandenburg . History . After Duke Otto III of Pomerania - Stettin had died of the plague in 1464 , Frederick used his claim use suzerainty of Brandenburg over Pomerania , an issue which had never been clarified , to lay claim on Pomerania - Stettin . On 21 January 1466 , the Dukes and the Elector concluded the Treaty of Soldin , in which the Elector enfeoffed the Dukes with Pomerania and they recognised him as their liege lord . The Pomeranian Dukes , however , did not meet their treaty obligations and the conflict erupted again . In 1468 , Brandenburg captured several Pomeranian towns on both sides of the Oder . After an unsuccessful siege of Ueckermünde , the two sides agreed to a cease - fire . Peace negotiations in Piotrków Kujawski only resulted in an extension of the cease - fire . In May of 1470 , Eric II invaded the Neumark and started looting . In the meantime , Emperor Frederick III acknowledged the claims of Brandenburg . The emperor enfeoffed Frederick II with Pomerania - Stettin and order Eric II and Wartislaw X to recognise Frederick as their liege lord . Duke Henry IV of Mecklenburg mediation , and at the end of May 1472 , a lasting peace treaty was signed at Prenzlau . The Dukes and the Estates of Pomerania had to pay homage to the Frederick II , who was also allowed to keep the territories he had conquered . The Dukes retained a number of law professors from the University of Greifswald to review the peace treaty . Among them were Johannes Parleberg , Matthias von Wedel , Sabel Siegfried the Younger , Hermann Slupwachter , Johann Elzing , Heinrich Zankenstede and Georg Walter . Gerwin Rönnegarwe and Hertnidt vom Stein also played a role . Aftermath . The result of the conflict was unfavourable for Pomerania , despite their being allowed to retain Pomerania - Stettin , because had to acknowledge Brandenburg ' s suzerainty . Bogislaw X managed to negotiate a more favourable peace for Pomerania in the Treaty of Pyritz of 1493 . Brandenburg finally gave up its claim of suzerainty with the Treaty of Grimnitz in 1529 . In return , the Dukes of Pomerania had to grant the succession to the Electorate of Brandenburg , in case the House of Pomerania were to die out .
Hydra - class frigate The " Hydra " class are a group of four frigate s in service with the Hellenic Navy . They were designed in Germany and are part of the MEKO group of modular warships , in this case the MEKO 200 design . The programme was authorised in 1988 and partially paid for with FMS aid and previsioned for the commission of six vessels . The first ship was built in Germany and commissioned in 1992 but suffered a serious fire while working up near Portland , England . Repairs were completed in 1993 . The Greek built warships were delayed due to financial problems on the part of the Hellenic Shipyards completing in the late 1990s which also led to limiting the total number of vessels to four mainly after the acquisition of eight Kortenaer class frigate from the Netherlands in the late 1990s . In 2007 , an upgrade of the STIR fire control system to allow the firing of the RIM - 162 ESSM surface to air missile was launched . Salamis has been firstly upgraded and , in August 2008 , successfully completed a live firing test . The other three Hydra vessels were upgraded during 2008 .
RFA Tarbatness ( A345 ) RFA " Tarbatness " ( A345 ) was a fleet stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . In 1981 , the ship was bought by the United States Military Sealift Command to serve as USNS " Spica " ( T - AFS - 9 ) .
Ryan XV - 5 Vertifan The Ryan XV - 5 Vertifan was a jet - powered V / STOL experimental aircraft in the 1960s . The U . S . Army commissioned the Ryan VZ - 11RY ( which was redesignated as the XV - 5 in 1962 ) in 1961 , along with the Lockheed VZ - 10 Hummingbird ( redesignated as the XV - 4 ) . Design . The XV - 5 drove three fans . Engine gases from two 3 , 000 lbf ( 13 kN ) thrust J85 turbojets , similar to those used in the F - 5 Freedom Fighter were sent to exit by turning fans . It was much simpler in concept , if not execution , compared to the future F - 35 Lightning II which has one fan driven by a driveshaft , balanced by a rotating rear nozzle . There was a large fan in each wing with covers resembling half garbage can lids that flipped up for vertical flight . The 36 inch ( 0 . 9 m ) nose fan provided adequate pitch control but made flying tricky . The fans provided vertical thrust of approximately , nearly three times the horizontal thrust of the engines alone . A set of louvered vanes underneath each of the large wing fans could vector the thrust in any direction and provided yaw control . Each jet engine could be controlled for RPM . Wing fan RPM was determined by the output from the J85 engines and fan flow at the fan inlets . Roll control was by differential actuation of the wing - fan exit louvers . The project performance was moderately subsonic , with delta wings somewhat like an A - 4 Skyhawk . The Vertifan also featured a fan in the nose , an unusual intake situated above the two - seat side - by - side seating cockpit , and a T - tail . The XV - 5A was finished in Army green , while the XV - 5B was painted in white NASA colors . The fans did generate as much thrust as was hoped , and the vertical - horizontal flight transition was difficult and abrupt . The XV - 5 would be one of the last manned aircraft designed and built by Ryan , which mainly manufactured drones after the mid 1960s . The XV - 5 was one of many dozens of aircraft which attempted to produce a successful vertical takeoff aircraft , but the lift fan system was heavy and occupied considerable internal volume . Only the Hawker Siddeley Harrier would still be operational by the turn of the 21st century , as would technology to make possible the use of a shaft - driven fan in the F - 35 . Operational history . Two 12 , 500 lb ( maximum gross weight ) XV - 5A were evaluated in late 1966 by fifteen test pilots ( the " XV - 5A Fan Club " ) . One was destroyed in a crash during a public flight demonstration on 27 April 1965 , killing Ryan test pilot Lou Everett . Tests and promotional materials proposed a rescue version that could winch a person into a compartment behind the pilots . The second aircraft was extensively damaged in 1966 during trials as a rescue aircraft , when the test dummy was ingested into a wing fan . The pilot , Bob Tittle , was fatally injured , although it was judged that the fan actually still functioned well enough to continue controlled flight . The second aircraft was rebuilt as the modified XV - 5B , with tests continuing until 1971 . An XV - 5B can be seen on display at the Fort Rucker Aviation Museum , Alabama .
Minnehallen Minnehallen or The hall of remembrance was commissioned by the Norwegian parliament after World War I to commemorate the fallen Norwegian sailors of the war . It was unveiled by king Haakon VII and was later converted to the national monument commemorating fallen sailors of both World War I and World War II . The interior of the hall is visited by some 20 , 000 people every year . The monument itself is a pyramid of locally quarried rock and is designed by two architects from Oslo , Andreas H . Bjercke and Georg Eliassen . Nic . Schiøll has made a relief describing the lives and fate of the sailors as well as a decoration in the crypt . 28 copper tablets display the names of 1892 sailors dead in World War I and 3456 names of sailors who died in World War II . In addition , three protocols contain the names of 5667 sailors . Herman Wildenvey wrote a poem displayed on the rock altar in the hall . The first and last verse read as follows :
Bruno Walden Bruno Walden ( 14 December 1911 – 1946 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) and Major of Schutzpolizei in the Waffen - SS during World War II , who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Sturmbannführer Bruno Walden was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in January 1945 , while in command of the III . 2nd SS Polizei Regiment , 4th SS Polizei Division .
Leonidas I . Robinson Third Lieutenant Leonidas I . Robinson ( unknown – June 6 , 1891 ) was the first graduate of the School of Instruction of the Revenue Cutter Service to die in the line of duty . He drowned during small - boat operations June 6 , 1891 at Icy Bay near Sitka , Alaska while assigned to the USRC Bear . He was a member of the graduating class of 1889 and is honored on the Wall of Remembrance at the United States Coast Guard Academy . The Wall of Remembrance honors those graduates who perished during an operational mission .
Rappenkrieg The Rappenkrieg was a conflict that lasted from July 1612 until September 1614 in the Further Austria n district of Breisgau . It involved the Austrian rulers putting down a peasant uprising . The uprising occurred in what is now the Swiss Canton of Aargau and in the southern portion of what is now the German State of Baden - Württemberg . It is not to be confused with the Rappenkrieg in Basel - Stadt , Switzerland ( 1591 – 1594 ) , although it had similar causes .
Battle of Nassau ( 1720 ) The Raid on Nassau ( or Battle of New Providence ) took place in February 1720 when a Spanish force attempted to assault the British settlement of Nassau during the War of the Quadruple Alliance . The Spanish force of 1 , 200 was largely drawn from Cubans and commanded by José Cornejo . The threat of Spanish invasion had bedeviled New Providence for the past year , halting settlement on the island and prompting the construction of Fort Nassau , with 50 guns and 250 defenders . Initial plans for an attack on the city from Nassau Harbour were forestalled by the discovery of two British warships in the harbour : the governor ' s flagship , " Delicia " ( 32 ) , and the frigate HMS " Flamborough " ( 24 ) . Spain ' s heavy ships of the line sat too deep for the harbour ' s shallow waters . Cornejo opted to bypass the city and the Spanish squadron crept ahead east along Hog ' s Island , landing three columns and seizing large amounts of plunder before being repelled by Governor Woodes Rogers ' s 500 militia . The Spanish ships remained in the bay for some time before retiring . Cornejo eventually set sail unmolested with over 100 captured slaves . Rogers , unable to pay the garrison and his health failing , set sail for England soon afterward . The governor had expended his personal fortune on Nassau ' s defenses , which had been the source of considerable anxiety and depression . Britain and Spain negotiated peace the following year .
Resolution for Victory Order Resolution for Victory Order ( ) is a Vietnamese military order . It was given to generals Đoàn Khuê , Vo Nguyen Giap , Tran Van Tra among others during the Vietnam War to show resolve for victory by any means necessary . It is similar to other medals and badges awarded by North Vietnam during the era such as the Defeat American Aggression Badge .
Publius Cornelius Dolabella ( consul 283 BC ) Publius Cornelius Dolabella was a consul of the Roman Republic in 283 BC . He is best noted for having defeated the Boii tribe at the Battle of Lake Vadimo ( 283 BC ) . According to Appian , he is also credited with defeating the Senones under Britomaris in the same year , presumably before Vadimo . Also according to Appian , Dolabella was killed in 282 BC when the Tarentines attacked and sank a small fleet of triremes under the command of Admiral Lucius Valerius . He either drowned , or was taken prisoner and executed in the city .
Square division A square division is a designation given to the way military divisions are organized . In a square organization , the division ' s main body is composed of four regimental elements . Since a regiment could be split into separate battalion s for tactical purposes , the natural division within a division would be to have two regiments bound together as a brigade . On an organizational chart and if the entire division were formed up in the field , the two brigades of two regiments would typically form a square , hence the name . Most European divisions were organized as square divisions prior to World War I . They were generally reorganized as triangular division s during that war . A triangular division generally had its infantry organized into three regiments , either directly controlled by the division headquarters or under a single brigade command . See , for example , the organizational changes of the Imperial German Army ' s 1st Division . Triangular divisions were smaller , allowing for more divisions to be formed , and were considered more suited for the positional warfare which characterized World War I . A square division typically advanced with two brigades in line or with the brigades echeloned ( one ahead of the other ) , with one regiment forward and one in reserve ready to engage when the first regiment came into contact with the enemy . In positional warfare , the regiments were formed in line to cover as much of a sector as possible , and typically formed their own reserves , with 1 – 2 battalions forward and the rest in reserve . During World War I , the United States Army formed its divisions as square divisions , in contrast to the prevailing European norm . The United States had the manpower to form the divisions , and expected to be engaging in more offensive operations as the stalemate of the trenches was broken late in the war . United States Army divisions remained organized as square divisions after the war and up to World War II . In World War II , the U . S . Army reorganized its divisions as triangular divisions . Since the war , combined arms doctrine has all but eliminated the purpose of the all - arms regiment , and brigades are generally organized as combined arms units . The brigades are themselves typically triangular , with three subordinate battalions . Recent reforms in the United States and several European countries have placed greater emphasis on the brigade as the major tactical formation , with the division now acting more like a corps headquarters , controlling several relatively autonomous brigades and parceling out support units based on the tactical situation . Imperial Japanese Army divisions were organized as square divisions prior to 1938 when they began to form triangular divisions during the Second Sino - Japanese War . The Chinese National Revolutionary Army divisions were organized as square divisions prior to mid - 1938 during the Second Sino - Japanese War .
Edward Butler ( soldier ) Edward Butler ( March 20 , 1762 – May 6 , 1803 ) was an officer in the United States Army who served as acting Adjutant General and acting Inspector General of the U . S . Army from 1793 to 1794 and from 1796 to 1797 . Early life . Edward Butler was born on March 20 , 1762 in West Pennsboro Township , Pennsylvania . He was one of five Butler brothers from Pennsylvania who served in the American Revolution . Military career . Butler was commissioned an ensign in the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment on July 1 , 1778 at the age of 16 . He was promoted to lieutenant on January 28 , 1779 and transferred to the 5th Pennsylvania Regiment on January 17 , 1781 . He was again transferred to the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment on January 1 , 1783 and was discharged on November 3 , 1783 when the Continental Army was disbanded . He was on original member of the Society of the Cincinnati along with three of his brothers . He was a captain in the levies under Major General Arthur St . Clair and saw action at St . Clair ' s Defeat in which his brother Richard was killed and his brother Thomas was wounded . He was commissioned a captain in the United States Army on March 5 , 1792 and transferred to the 4th Sub - Legion on September 4 , 1792 . On July 18 , 1793 he was appointed Adjutant and Inspector of the United States Army and served until May 13 , 1794 . He was assigned as a captain in the 4th Infantry Regiment on November 1 , 1796 . He was transferred to the 2nd Infantry Regiment on April 1 , 1802 . He died on May 6 , 1803 .
Teruhisa Komatsu Marquis was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II . Born as HIH Kitashirakawa - no - miya Teruhisa , as the younger son of HIH Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa , his title was devolved from royal status that that of the " kazoku " peerage in 1910 in order to preserve the Komatsu family line , which had become extinct with the death of Prince Komatsu Akihito in 1908 . Biography . Komatsu graduated from the 37th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1909 ranked 26th out of 179 cadets . He performed his midshipman training on the cruiser , and after commissioning as an ensign , he served as a crewman on the battleship . As a sub - lieutenant Komatsu attended naval artillery and torpedo schools and served on the in 1912 . In 1913 , he took time out from the Navy to fulfill the obligation of members of his social class to sit for a session in the House of Peers . He later served on the cruiser and battlecruiser . After his promotion to lieutenant on 13 December 1915 , Komatsu was assigned to the , destroyer s and and battleship for patrols during World War I . After graduating from the Naval War College ( Japan ) in 1919 , Komatsu was promoted to lieutenant commander . He subsequently served in a number of staff positions , and traveled to the United Kingdom for further studies in 1925 for over two years at his own expense , during which time he was promoted to commander . After his return to Japan , he received his first command : the destroyer from 1 April 1927 – 1 December 1927 . He was subsequently executive officer on the cruiser in 1929 , and then battleship in 1930 . Promoted to Captain on 1 December 1930 , Komatsu commanded minelayer in 1931 , submarine tender in 1932 , light cruiser in 1933 , and heavy cruiser in 1935 . After his promotion to rear admiral on 1 December 1936 , Komatsu commanded the 1st Submarine Squadron ( SubRon 1 ) in 1937 , and was Commandant of the Kure Submarine Warfare School in 1937 . As a vice admiral from 15 October 1940 , Komatsu commanded the Ryōjun Guard District in 1941 , and was commander in chief of the 1st China Expeditionary Fleet from 5 July 1941 . After the outbreak of the Pacific War , he was reassigned as commander in chief of the IJN 6th Fleet ( Submarines ) from 16 March 1942 to 21 June 1943 . From June 1943 to November 1944 , he was commander of the Sasebo Naval District . In the last part of 1944 , he was Commandant of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy . He retired from active service in May 1945 .
First United States Army Group First United States Army Group was a fictitious Allied Army Group in World War II prior to D - Day , part of Operation Quicksilver , created to deceive the Germans about where the Allies would land in France . To attract Axis attention , prominent US general George S . Patton was placed in command of the fabricated formation . History . First U . S . Army Group — often abbreviated FUSAG — was activated in London in 1943 as the planning formation for the Allied invasion of France under General Omar Bradley . When Twelfth United States Army Group was activated on 1 August 1944 , Bradley and his staff transferred to the headquarters of the new army group . Despite a lack of personnel , FUSAG continued to exist on paper as part of the deception of Operation Quicksilver . In order to make the German forces believe the Allied invasion would come at Pas de Calais , the phantom force was stationed at Dover , directly across the English Channel from the site . To further attract the Axis commanders ' attention , General Dwight D . Eisenhower placed George S . Patton in command of the phantom force and increased the formation ' s apparent size to be larger than the British - led 21st Army Group under Bernard Montgomery . Patton was considered by the Germans to be a formidable offensive commander ; he was temporarily unemployed as punishment for slapping a battle - fatigued soldier in Sicily . The deception worked so well that even long after the real invasion at Normandy , significant German forces remained in the Pas de Calais region to defend against what they thought would be the true invasion force . Agents infiltrated by Germany into Britain who became double agents acting for Britain in the Double Cross System played a vital role in persuading the Germans that FUSAG was real . After it had become clear that Normandy , not Calais , was the invasion site , to preserve the credibility of the Double Cross network ' s agents in spite of the totally false information they had persuaded the Germans to believe , the Germans were persuaded that FUSAG had been real , but had been disbanded and attached to the forces at Normandy because the Normandy " diversion " had been so successful that the Calais landing had become unnecessary .
HMS Yarmouth ( 1695 ) HMS " Yarmouth " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy , built for the navy by a private contractor at Harwich under the 1690 Programme , and launched in 1695 . She was commissioned in 1695 under Captain James Moodie , and joined Berkeley ' s squadron . She sailed to the Mediterranean in 1696 . In February 1696 she was under Captain William Whetstone , and in 1697 under Captain William Clevland . In 1702 she was in service under Captain William Prother , serving with Rooke ' s fleet at Cadiz in 1702 before proceeding to the West Indies . She took part in the Battle of Velez - Malaga on 13 August 1704 . The " Yarmouth " was broken up in 1707 and rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment by John Wicker at his Deptford private shipyard , being re - launched on 9 September 1709 . She served until 1740 , when she was hulked at Portsmouth , being finally broken up in 1769 .