naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Anthony Cary , 5th Viscount of Falkland Anthony Cary , 5th Viscount Falkland PC ( 16 February 1656 – 24 May 1694 ; the surname is spelt Carey in some sources ) was a Scottish nobleman and English politician . He was the son of Henry Cary , 4th Viscount Falkland . He married Fiona Catherine Cary and had one daughter : A Member of the Parliament of England , he was sworn of the Privy Council of England in 1692 and served as First Lord of the Admiralty from 1693 to 1694 . Samuel Pepys had a rather low opinion of his abilities , while admitting that he suffered from chronic ill - health . The Falkland Islands are named in his honour . The Viscounts Falkland in turn take their title from the Scottish monarchs ' residence Falkland Palace , in Falkland , Fife , Scotland .
William Nicholson ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir William Coldingham Masters Nicholson KCB ( 28 October 1863 – 9 January 1932 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy . Naval career . William Nicholson was educated at Stubbington House School . He served in World War I and , as Captain of HMS " Canada " , saw action at the Battle of Jutland in 1916 . He went on to be Rear Admiral i . e . Second of Command of the First Battle Squadron later that year . He was appointed Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in 1919 and was given command of the Second Battle Squadron in 1920 . He lived at Winchcombe in Gloucestershire .
American Growler American Growler Inc is a manufacturing firm originally based in Ocala , Florida , now in Robbins , North Carolina . For over ten years , it has built a line of Light Utility Vehicle s partly derived from drivetrains from M151 MUTT Jeeps . Versions range from $ 7 , 000 in price kit form , a $ 15 , 500 tactical dune buggy , and a $ 33 , 000 version sold to the Dominican Republic ' s military . Light Strike Vehicle . Growler ' s most expensive model at over $ 100 , 000 each , is the Growler Light Strike vehicle . It was specially designed to be transported in the small cargo hold of the V - 22 Osprey tilt - rotor aircraft along with the Expeditionary Fire Support System towed mortar . The V - 22 cargo compartment is five feet wide , five feet tall and less than 17 feet in length . In 2005 , the Marines planned to buy 400 of the vehicles in a contract that combined with the mortar system was expected to total $ 296 million .
Soft - skinned vehicle In military science , a soft - skinned vehicle is any vehicle that is not armored . This includes trucks , motorcycles , jeep s and cars . It can also include half - tracks and scouting vehicles if they have little or no armor , but is more likely to be a regular production model . These can be used as a general purpose workhorses , like a 53 seater coach or pick - up , a military police vehicle , to a car used for undercover work on the home front .
6th Mountain Cazadores Company The 6th Mountain Huntsmen Company ( Spanish : Compañía de Cazadores de Montaña 6 ) is a unit of the Argentine Army specialised in Mountain warfare . The Company is based at based Primeros Pinos , Neuquén Province . This unit is part of the 6th Mountain Infantry Brigade . The troops and soldiers of this unit wear a tan beret with unit insignia .
David Horner David Murray Horner AM ( born 12 March 1948 ) is an Australian military historian and academic . Biography . Horner was raised in a military household ; his father Murray Horner had served in New Guinea during World War II and later joined the Citizen Military Forces ( CMF ) . He joined the Army after completing school in 1966 and attended Royal Military College Duntroon . Horner served in the Australian Army for 25 years , including active service in South Vietnam . Horner was appointed to a position at the Australian National University ' s Strategic and Defence Studies Centre in 1990 and is currently Professor of Australian Defence History at the ANU ' s Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies ( RSPAS ) . In 1998 he was described as " one of Australia ' s most respected military historians " . In 2004 Horner was appointed the Official Historian and general editor for the " Official History of Australian Peacekeeping , Humanitarian and Post - Cold War Operations " , of which five volumes are planned . A team led by Horner also won a tender to write the official history of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation ( ASIO ) which Horner plans to cover in two volumes published in 2013 and 2015 . Horner has written or edited 28 books and a further 75 journal articles , reports and chapters in books . For his " service to higher education in the area of Australian military history and heritage as a researcher , author and academic " , Horner was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the Queen ' s Birthday honours list of 2009 . Books . Horner ' s books include :
Mir Dast Mir Dast VC IOM ( 3 December 1874 – 19 January 1945 ) was a South Asian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Personal data . Mir Dast was born on 3 December 1874 in the Maidan valley , Tirah , of what is now Pakistan , and died on 19 January 1945 at Shagi Landi Kyan Village , Tehsil , Peshawar . He is buried at Warsak Road Cemetery , Shagi Landi Kyan , Federally Administered Tribal Areas , Pakistan . Mir Dast enlisted in the British Indian Army in December 1894 . He served in the North - West Frontier and Waziristan prior to World War I , and was promoted to the rank of jemadar in March 1909 . He was retired from active service in 1917 with the rank of subedar His grandson , Dr . Shakil Afridi , assisted the US Central Intelligence Agency in locating the compound in which Osama Bin Laden was living in Abbottabad , Pakistan . After the raid that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden the Pakistani authorities arrested Dr . Afridi . Victoria Cross . During the First World War Dast was a jemadar in the 55th Coke ' s Rifles ( Frontier Force ) , British Indian Army , attd . 57th Wilde ' s Rifles ( F . F . ) during when he performed the service for which he was awarded the VC . In addition to the Victoria Cross , the descendants of Mir Dast were awarded the title " Ray - Chaudhuri " which replaced the family name and serves as the Indian equivalent of British Lordship . On 26 April 1915 at Ypres , Belgium , Jemadar Mir Dast led his platoon with great bravery during the attack , and afterwards collected various parties of the regiment ( when no British officers were left ) and kept them under his command until the retirement was ordered . He also displayed great courage that day when he risked his life to carry eight wounded British and Indian officers to safety while exposed to very heavy fire . Today a monument stands at the Memorial Gates at Hyde Park Corner in London to commemorate the VCs of Indian Heritage , including Mir Dast .
Rudolf Szepessy - Sokoll Oberleutnant Rudolf Szepessy - Sokoll Freiherr von Negyes et Reno was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . He flew a strategic bombing mission directed against Milan , Italy on 14 February 1916 ; this is believed to be the first strategic bombing mission in history .
Type 053H2G frigate The Type 053H2G ( NATO codename Jiangwei I ) were Chinese frigate s that entered service with the People ' s Liberation Army Navy ( PLAN ) in the 1990s . They were later variants of the Type 053 frigate family , and were the PLAN ' s first multi - role frigates . Only 4 units were built before the class was superseded by the more capable Type 053H3 " Jiangwei II " class History . In the 1980s , the PLAN ordered Shanghai - based Hudong Shipyard ( now Hudong - Zhonghua Shipyard ) to build a replacement for the Type 053K air defence frigate . The new class was based on the Type 053H2 frigate and designated Type 053H2G . Development was carried out under " Project 055 " . The Type 053H2G was slightly larger than the Type 053H2 , and equipped with HQ - 61B surface - to - air missile s ( SAM ) . Four Type 053H2G were built between 1988 and 1991 . Some sources claim they were called Type 055 and uprated with HQ - 7 SAMs ; the alternate designation may have been confused with the Type 053H2G ' s development designation . The HQ - 61 SAM proved unsatisfactory and the class was superseded by the Type 053H3 which was an improved Type 053H2G equipped with HQ - 7 SAMs .
Anti - runway penetration bomb Anti - runway penetration bombs are systems involving bombs or bomblets which are designed to disrupt the surface of an airfield runway ( or " tarmac " ) and make it unusable for flight operations . One early system was the Matra Durandal , a single 450 lb bomb with rocket booster and two warheads . The device worked by first igniting a large warhead to create a crater , then subsequently using a smaller charge that had penetrated the crater to displace adjacent concrete slabs . The slabs , once displaced , were far harder to deal with than a simple hole that could be patched : the defenders would either have to pulverize the slab ( for which tools might not be ready ) or take the risk that a protruding slab would flip a landing airframe ( quite possible considering the velocities at which a jet aircraft lands ) . There is a persistent story that the first and perhaps best known use of the current Matra Durandal was by Israeli Mirages during the Six Day War when the large Egyptian air Force was almost completely destroyed on the ground . This is inaccurate as this war in 1967 took place ten years before the Durnadal was first available on the arms market . Rather , according to a history of the weapon by Forecast International , the defense marketing strategy group , the prototype French / Israeli anti - runway weapon which actually cratered Egyptian runways in 1967 is related but distinct in using rocket rather than parachute braking over the target used by the Matra development branch which from 1971 on would form the basis for the Durandal as we currently know it . Another , now withdrawn from service , was the JP233 , a submunitions system in which an aircraft would fly over the target runway and a mixture of penetrating and anti - personnel submunitions would be dispensed to both crater the runway and impede repair work . These submunitions could be armed with delayed - fuses , meaning that workcrews run the risk of death or bodily injury as they worked on runway repair . After the UK signed an international accord banning cluster mines , the JP233 was retired . References :
Front Line First Front Line First : The Defence Cost Study was a programme of defence cuts announced on 14 July 1994 by then Defence Secretary Malcolm Rifkind . Front Line First was announced four years after Options for Change , which was a military draw - down as a result of the end of the Cold War , often described as the " peace dividend " . Critics such as the Labour defence spokesman Donald Anderson argued that the cuts were driven by the Treasury , however Rifkind argued that the front line of the armed forces was not affected and it was support staff and assets which were being cut ; Rifkind stated that one of the major conclusion of the study was that the " Ministry of Defence and other headquarters at all levels are too large , too top heavy and too bureaucratic . "
Operation Marne Avalanche Operation Marne Avalanche was a US military operation that occurred in southern Baghdad in July 2007 as part of Operation Phantom Thunder . The goal of the offensive operation was to stop southern Baghdad from being used as a safe haven and to prevent the movement of weapons , munitions and insurgent activity into Baghdad . Operation details . The operation ’ s intent was to improve security conditions in southern Baghdad and reduce the influence of insurgents in the area . Another goal of the operation was to stanche the flow of weapons into Baghdad . Marne Avalanche built on the successes of Task Force Marne ’ s offensive operation , Marne Torch , which began 16 June 2007 . Operation Marne Torch resulted in more than 1 , 152 structures cleared , 83 suspected insurgents killed , 278 suspected insurgents detained , 51 weapons caches found , 51 boats destroyed and 872 Iraqi citizens entered in a biometric identification system .
USS R - 16 ( SS - 93 ) USS " R - 16 " ( SS - 93 ) was an " R " - class coastal and harbor defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco , California , on 26 April 1917 . She was launched on 15 December 1917 sponsored by Mrs . Edward R . Wilson , and commissioned on 5 August 1918 with Lieutenant Commander Cecil Y . Johnston in command . Service history . 1919 – 1931 . Following commissioning , " R - 16 " proceeded to Balboa , Panama Canal Zone , whence she conducted patrols until December . Then ordered back to California , she remained on the West Coast into June 1919 . On 17 June she got underway from San Francisco , California , and on 25 June , arrived at Pearl Harbor . Given hull classification symbol SS - 93 in July 1920 she operated with fleet units for the next 11 years . " R - 16 " departed Pearl Harbor on 12 December 1930 and , after transiting the Panama Canal , proceeded to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where she decommissioned on 12 May 1931 . 1940 – 1946 . In reserve for the next nine years , she recommissioned on 1 July 1940 and , by the end of the year , had again assumed patrol duties in waters off Panama . Ordered back to the East Coast in the fall of 1941 , she arrived at Key West , Florida , two days after the attack on Pearl Harbor . By 18 December , she was at New London , Connecticut , whence she conducted patrols and assisted in antisubmarine warfare training into February 1942 . Shifted to the Virgin Islands the next month she continued her dual mission in the Caribbean Sea , operating from Saint Thomas , United States Virgin Islands , and from Trinidad until 1 March 1943 when she returned to New London . There she conducted operations for the submarine school , the sound laboratory , and for destroyer and destroyer escort training units . Between 1 August 1943 and 20 March 1944 , she operated from Bermuda , then returned to New London for her last year of naval service . " R - 16 " departed New London for Philadelphia on 4 July 1945 . Arriving the following day , she was decommissioned on 16 July and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 25 July . She was sold and delivered to the North American Smelting Company , Philadelphia , in March 1946 .
United States naval architect United States naval architects or ship designers introduced the faster and larger sailing frigate s and sloop - of - war s of the early United States Navy which influenced the later merchant ships and clipper ships . Naval architects . Name - Years served Joshua Humphreys 1794 to 1801 Josiah Fox 1794 to 1801 , 1804 to 1809 William Doughty 1813 to 1837 Benjamin Hutton 1803 Samuel Humphreys 1813 to 1846 Francis Grice 1817 to 1859 Henry Eckford 1817 to 1820 Samuel M . Pook 1841 to 1866
George Colbert George Colbert , also known as " Tootemastubbe " ( c . 1764 – 1839 ) , was a Native American leader of the Chickasaw people in the early 19th century . He commanded 350 Chickasaw auxiliary troops , whom he had recruited , as a militia captain under Andrew Jackson during the Creek War of 1813 - 1814 . Later he joined the US Army under Jackson for the remainder of the War of 1812 . At the time of Indian Removal , when he had succeeded his late brother Levi Colbert as chief , he was a planter who owned significant land and more than 150 slaves in Mississippi , and a ferry in northwestern Alabama . Early life and education . The second of six mixed - race sons of James Logan Colbert , a North Carolinian settler of Scots descent and his second wife " Minta Hoye " , a Chickasaw , George Colbert was born in present - day Alabama about 1764 . As a youth he began to rise in prominence in the Chickasaw nation , as he gained status from his mother ' s clan as well as his actions . The Chickasaw had a matrilineal kinship system , in which children were considered born into their mother ' s clan ; positions of hereditary leadership were passed through the mother ' s line . Military service . Colbert was said to serve with American troops under Arthur St . Clair in 1791 and Anthony Wayne in 1794 during the Northwest Indian Wars . During the Creek Wars , he recruited 350 Chickasaw warriors and assisted Andrew Jackson against the Red Sticks , and later during more of the War of 1812 . Career . By the early 1800s , George Colbert established Colbert ' s ferry near Cherokee , Alabama . It was a significant crossing of the Tennessee River along the Natchez Trace , an important trade route . Colbert was able to accumulate land and became an influential planter ; he also raised livestock and was a trader . He owned an estimated 150 enslaved Africans as labor on his plantation . He and his brothers Levi and James were among the primary negotiators of treaties between his people and the United States government in the early 19th century . The Chickasaw ended up ceding much of their land to the United States in an attempt to preserve peace after repeated conflicts with settlers . The Colberts received several valuable tracts for their service . In the late 1830s , Colbert was serving as chief of the Chickasaw , following his brother Levi Colbert . Together with most of his fellow Chickasaw , by 1839 he removed to Indian Territory ( Oklahoma ) with his family , taking 150 slaves with him , under the Indian Removal Act . In the 1850s , his nephews Winston and Holmes Colbert helped develop the constitution and government organization of the Chickasaw in Oklahoma after removal . Marriage and family . Colbert married three times , and fathered a total of six sons and two daughters . Their family tradition says that Colbert did not want one of his daughters , Nancy Colbert , to have to move to Oklahoma with removal . He married Nancy Colbert to a white man named Hezekiah Tharp so she could stay in present - day Alabama . Nancy and Hezekiah lived and raised their family in the Camp Smith area or what is currently known as Littleville , AL .
Erding Air Base Erding Air Base ( German : " Fliegerhorst Erding " , ICAO : ETSE ) is a German Air Force airfield near the town of Erding , about northeast of central Munich in Bavaria . It is the home of the 5th Air Defense Missile Squadron and the 1st Air Force Maintenance Regiment . The last public airshow at Erding was held during the summer of 1986 . History . Prior to and during World War II , Erding was a Luftwaffe pilot training airfield . It was seized by the United States Army in April 1945 and used as a United States Air Force facility during the early years of the Cold War . Erding was used as an Air Depot , Air Base and an Air Station . On 14 December 1957 , control of Erding Air Base was returned to the reconstituted German Air Force as a front line facility where it hosted various F - 104 , Tornado and other fighter squadrons . USAF Units At Erding Air Base . USAF Units stationed at Erding were : Originally developed as an Air Depot in the early postwar years , the mission of Erding Air Base ( later Station ) was to provided depot - level maintenance of USAFE and NATO fighters . With the opening of Châteauroux - Déols Air Base , France in 1953 , Erding became a satellite depot . The mission of Erding Air Base was changed in 1956 to training German Air Force personnel into the newly reconstituted German Air Force and the base was turned over to the German Air Force on 1 April 1957 . With the creation of NATO in response to Cold War tensions in Europe , USAFE wanted its major air bases in West Germany moved west of the Rhine River to provide greater air defense warning time . The establishment of the new bases in the Rhineland - Palatinate diminished the USAF use of Erding . It became an air defense facility in 1956 with the assignment of the F - 86 D equipped 440th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron , a detachment of the 86th Fighter - Interceptor Wing at Landstuhl Air Base until the arrival of the F - 102 in Europe and budget cutbacks in 1960 forced its closure . In 1966 with France withdrawing from NATO it left a gap in the air defense network of Europe . Operation Creek Ale filled that gap by rotating Convair F - 102A Delta Dart interceptors from various squadrons of the 86th Air Division based at Ramstein Air Base . Squadrons from Soesterberg Air Base , Zaragoza Air Base , Hahn Air Base , Bitburg Air Base and Ramstein Air Base rotated to Erding for air defense alert . With the inactivation of the 86th Air Division in 1970 , the 52d Fighter Group was formed at Erding in 1971 with some of the F - 102 ' s on a permanent basis . In 1972 the F - 102s were withdrawn from Europe and the 52d FG was inactivated . Relegated to Air Station status , Erding hosted TDY units of CONUS based USAF aircraft though the 1980s for short - term deployments as part of the annual Reforger exercises .
Francis G . Neubeck Francis Gregory Neubeck ( born April 11 , 1932 ) is a retired colonel in the United States Air Force and a former USAF astronaut . Although he trained for the USAF Manned Orbital Laboratory ( MOL ) , the program was cancelled before any of the MOL crews reached space . Neubeck was born in Washington , D . C . and graduated in 1955 from the United States Naval Academy . Although a USNA graduate , he chose to begin his career in the United States Air Force . In 1972 , he earned a master ' s degree in business administration from Auburn University in Alabama . At the start of his USAF career , Neubeck worked on the development of weapons systems and as a flight instructor . He graduated from the U . S . Air Force Test Pilot School in class 60C , Aerospace Research Pilot School ( ARPS ) Class III , and MOL . In 1965 , he was selected as one of the first astronauts to the Air Force ' s classified Manned Orbital Laboratory . The goal of the MOL program , canceled in 1969 before sending any astronauts into space , was to man a space station with military astronauts using a modified Gemini spacecraft . The history of the MOL program was presented in the Public Television series NOVA episode called " Astrospies " which aired February 12 , 2008 . After the MOL program cancellation , Neubeck continued his USAF career including a combat tour in south - east Asia . He also served as vice commander at the Tactical Air Warfare Center at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida before retiring from the Air Force in 1986 . Neubeck worked in the aerospace industry , became an author , and ran for public office . In 1986 , he became the Republican nominee for the U . S . House of Representatives from Florida ' s first congressional district but was not elected . As of 2007 , Neubeck resides in Florida .