naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Syöksy - class motor torpedo boat The Syöksy class motor torpedo boats ( ) was a series of four British Thornycroft type motor torpedo boat s of the Finnish Navy . The vessels were constructed in 1928 by the John Thornycroft & Co shipyard in Woolton , UK . The vessels saw service in World War II . The Thornycroft type released its torpedoes by dropping them from rails in the aft . The ship then had to steer away from the torpedoes path , a manoeuvre that could be quite tricky in the close waters of the Gulf of Finland . In 1942 , the vessels received individual identification symbols on their superstructures . " Nuoli " had the ace of hearts , " Vinha " the ace of clubs , " Syöksy " the ace of diamonds , and " Raju " the ace of spades . Combat History . On 6 July 1941 " Syöksy " and " Vinha " were sortied to intercept a convey of three sailing ships headed for Hanko . In heavy seas the torpedoes did not function reliably and the boats could not hit their targets . Instead " Syöksy " dashed past the lead ship and dropped its depth charges in front of it which exploded and sunk the sailing ship . Both Finnish motor torpedo boats escapted unharmed before escorting Soviet ships could respond . On the night between 19 and 20 July 1941 Finnish motor torpedo boats were patrolling of the coast of Estonia when Soviet destroyer opened fire on them . " Vinha " was damaged and unable to move but Finns were able to tow it to safety while " Syöksy " made repeated torpedo runs towards the destroyer drawing its fire and distracting it . On 1 September 1941 " Syöksy " and " Vinha " were patrolling south of Beryozovye Islands when they came across a pair of Soviet freighters . " Syöksy " torpedoed and sunk the lead merchant ( S / S " Meero " , 1866 tons ) . On 22 September 1941 " Syöksy " sunk Soviet minehunter " T - 41 " ( " Kirov " ) east of Gogland while it was patrolling near the island with " Vinha " . On 1 October 1941 " Nuoli " participated to the sinking of Soviet minehunter though it was the torpedo of " Sisu " that sunk the target . " Syöksy " , " Vinha " and " Vihuri " , as well as a minelaying KM boat participated in the attack on the harbour of Lavansaari on November 18 , 1942 . " Syöksy " managed to torpedo the Soviet gunboat " Krasnoye Znamya " ( 1 , 760 tons ) , which sunk .
Defence Helicopter Flying School The Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury , a Royal Air Force station near Shrewsbury , England , trains aircrew from all three of the Armed Forces . Squadrons . The DHFS has three flying squadrons : Training . Training is undertaken on the Squirrel HT1 and for the Royal Air Force students the Griffin HT1 ( a twin engine modern version of the famous " Huey " helicopter ) . Training is typically 6 months for the Army and Navy and 18 months for the RAF . In addition , Search and Rescue training for all RAF aircrew takes place at RAF Valley on the Search and Rescue Training Unit ( SARTU ) All aircrew instruction is carried out by Central Flying School ( Helicopters ) ( CFS ( H ) ) Instructors . These Instructors are a mix of military personnel and CFS ( H ) accredited contractor personnel . FB Heliservices is responsible for the provision of the CFS ( H ) accredited contractor personnel Helicopters and Synthetic Training Equipment . All the Defence Helicopter Flying School Helicopters and Synthetic Training Equipment are owned by FB Heliservices , a consortium of Bristow Helicopters and FR Aviation , who provide 40 % of the instructional staff , all the ground school and simulator staff , carry out all maintenance and provide support services .
Georg von Neufville Georg von Neufville ( 27 October 1883 – 3 November 1941 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Georg von Neufville was wounded near Panovo , Soviet Union during the Battle of Moscow and died in a field hospital . He was posthumously promoted to Generalmajor .
Explosive ROF An Explosive ROF was a UK Government - owned Royal Ordnance Factory ( ROF ) , which specialised in manufacturing explosives during and after World War II . Note : In World War I , the name used in the UK for Government - owned explosives factories was National Explosives Factory ; and the Cordite factory at Gretna was known as HM Factory , Gretna . These Second World War factories were built for the Ministry of Supply with the Ministry of Works , in all cases except ROF Irvine , acting as agent . Explosive ROF ' s specialised in producing either high - explosive s , such as TNT ( trinitrotoluene ) or RDX ; or propellant s , such as cordite , but there were minor exceptions to this demarcation . The products from these Explosive ROFs were shipped to Filling Factories for filling into munition s . Pyrotechnic s , such as fuzes and screening smokes , tended to be made at the Filling Factories and filled directly into munitions . Comparable WW II factories not part of the ROF organisation . ICI and Ministry of Supply Agency Factories . A number of UK World War II explosives factories were built and owned by ICI . These privately owned explosives factories were not considered part of the ROF Organisation and they were not called ROFs . ICI also managed numerous munitions factories constructed with Ministry of Supply funding ; these were known as " Agency Factories " . ICI Nobel ' s Ardeer site and its World War II agency factories produced , for example , 35 % of the combined ROF and Agency Factories output of Cordite and 15 % of the combined output of TNT . Royal Naval Factories . In both World War I and World War II the Royal Navy had its own government - owned factories producing propellants and explosives , for naval guns . These were the Royal Navy Cordite Factory , Holton Heath ( RNCF ) , Dorset ( World War I & World War II ) , and the Royal Navy Propellant Factory , Caerwent ( RNPF ) , Monmouthshire ( World War II only ) , respectively . They both closed as explosive manufacturing sites after World War II . Naval propellants were then manufactured at ROF Bishopton and filled at ROF Chorley , and later ROF Glascoed . National Explosives Factories ( WW I ) . To be expanded
Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center Naval Surface Warfare Center , Indian Head Division ( NSWC IHD ) is a United States naval military installation located in Charles County , Maryland . As a Department of Defense ( DoD ) Energetics Center , Naval Surface Warfare Center , Indian Head Division is a critical component of the Naval Sea Systems Command ( NAVSEA ) Warfare Center ( WFC ) Enterprise . One of the WFC ' s nine Divisions , Indian Head ’ s mission is to research , develop , test , evaluate , and produce energetics and energetic systems for US fighting forces . Energetics are explosives , propellants , pyrotechnics , reactive materials , related chemicals and fuels and their application in propulsion systems and ordnance . As the largest DoD full spectrum energetics facility and leader in the Navy ’ s energetics enterprise , NSWC Indian Head employs a workforce of more than 1 , 400 , of which more than 850 are scientists , engineers , and technicians dedicated to developing and sustaining explosives , propellants , pyrotechnics , high - energy chemicals and their application to warfighting systems . In addition , NSWC Indian Head has the largest concentration of PhDs working in Energetics in the WFC , including the highest number of synthesis chemists , detonation physicists , and formulation scientists dedicated to the energetics National competency . The Division ’ s unique synergy and balanced capabilities address all aspects of the Energetics technical discipline , including basic research , applied technology , technology demonstration , prototyping , engineering development , acquisition , low - rate production , in - service engineering / mishaps and failure investigations , surveillance , and demilitarization . If the military experience problems with current weapon systems , or encounter new threats on the battlefield , Indian Head Division collaborates and provides the appropriate solution . As the Navy ’ s lead technical authority in the U . S . , NSWC Indian Head performs over 60 % of all Navy energetics workload , and has an unmatched record of 13 Navy - qualified explosives transitioned into 47 Navy , Army , Air Force , and Marine Corps weapons . Seventy - five percent of all explosives deployed in US weapons were developed by NSWC Indian Head . One of ten divisions of the NAVSEA Warfare Center Enterprise , the main site for NSWC IHD is located at Naval Support Facility Indian Head , a 3 , 500 - acre peninsula along the Potomac River in Southern Maryland . It also maintain operations in McAlester , OK ; Colts Neck , NJ ; Ogden , UT ; Louisville , KY ; and Picatinny , NJ . NSWC IHD has the largest US workforce in the DoD dedicated to energetics .
Charles Douglas Jackson General Charles Douglas ( C . D . ) Jackson ( March 16 , 1902 – September 18 , 1964 ) was an expert on psychological warfare who served in the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later as Special Assistant to the President in the Eisenhower administration . Jackson was born in New York City . After graduation from Princeton University in 1924 , he enter the private sector . In 1931 Jackson took a position with Time Inc . In 1940 he was President of the Council for Democracy . From 1942 - 1943 he served as special assistant to the Ambassador to Turkey . From 1943 - 45 he served with the OSS . From 1944 to 1945 he was Deputy Chief at the Psychological Warfare Division , SHAEF . After the war , he became Managing Director of Time - Life International from 1945 - 49 . He then became publisher of Fortune Magazine . From 1951 - 52 he served as President of the anti - communist Free Europe Committee . He was a speech writer for Dwight Eisenhower ' s 1952 presidential campaign . He was assigned to be President Eisenhower ' s liaison between the newly created CIA and the Pentagon . From February 1953 to March 1954 , Jackson served as adviser to the President on psychological warfare . He worked closely with the Psychological Strategy Board and was a member of the Operations Coordinating Board . He was also a member of the Committee on International Information Activities known , after its chairman William Jackson , as the Jackson Committee . During 1953 and 1954 , C . D . Jackson was key in establishing the Bilderberg Group and ensuring American participation . He attended meetings of the group in 1957 , 1958 and 1960 . Jackson was an active defender of Radio Free Europe after the latter was accused in 1956 of having triggered the Hungarian rebellion . On November 12 , he stated , " Over the years , Radio Free Europe has never , in a single broadcast or leaflet , deviated from its essential policy , and did not broadcast a single program during the recent Polish and Hungarian developments which could be described as an ' incitement ' program . " Others argue that some of the broadcasts were inflammatory and penned by Hungarian émigrés and that they may have caused Soviet leaders to doubt Hungarian leader Imre Nagy ’ s managerial skills , fear the power vacuum in Hungary , and conclude that a second military invasion was necessary . He later served in a position at the United Nations . From 1958 to 1960 he served as a speechwriter and White House manager , after the departure of Sherman Adams and the death of John Foster Dulles . In 1960 he was publisher of Life magazine . Jackson became acquainted with Whittaker Chambers while at Time Inc . He developed a harsh opinion of Chambers as a psychopath . During the first two years of the Eisenhower administration , Jackson urged strong action by the President in dealing with personalities like Senator Joe McCarthy and Chambers . In Jackson ' s opinion they were damaging the anti - Communist cause with self - serving and unstable behavior . Sherman Adams , Chief of Staff urged a more moderate , political approach which the President followed .
RCAF Station Virden RCAF Station Virden was a Second World War British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( BCATP ) flying training station located north of Virden , Manitoba , Canada . It was operated and administered by the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) and is now the site of Virden / R . J . ( Bob ) Andrew Field Regional Aerodrome . Virden hosted No . 19 Elementary Flying Training School ( 19 EFTS ) . Flight instructors were civilian and were members of the Brandon - Virden Flying Club and the Moose Jaw Flying Club . Aircraft used include the de Havilland Tiger Moth and Fairchild Cornell . A relief ( emergency ) landing field was located near Lenore . No . 19 EFTS opened May 16 , 1941 and closed December 15 , 1944 .
Wang Kuang Wang Kuang , Gongjie ( 公節 ) , was a minor warlord who lived during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . Biography . Wang first served under General - in - Chief He Jin , but resigned and lived as a commoner after He Jin was killed by the Ten Attendants . He rose through the ranks in the following years and soon became the Prefect of Henei . During the campaign against Dong Zhuo , Wang led an army to attack Dong Zhuo from the north but was defeated at the Battle of Heyang Ford . When Dong Zhuo sent Humu Ban , who married a younger sister of Wang Kuang , and other scholars to negotiate a truce , Wang Kuang ordered them to be executed . Years later , the remaining relatives of Humu Ban killed Wang in revenge . In fiction . In Luo Guanzhong ' s historical novel " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " , at the Battle of Hulao Pass , Wang ordered his general Fang Yue to challenge Lü Bu . Fang was defeated and slain by Lü after five rounds .
UGM - 73 Poseidon The Poseidon missile was the second US Navy ballistic missile system , powered by a two - stage solid fuel rocket . It succeeded the Polaris missile beginning in 1972 , bringing major advances in warheads and accuracy . It was followed by Trident I in 1979 , and Trident II in 1990 . A development study for a longer range version of the Polaris missile achieved by enlarging it to the maximum possible size allowed by existing launch tubes started in 1963 . Tests had already shown that Polaris missiles could be operated without problems in launch tubes that had their fiberglass liners and locating rings removed . The project was given the title Polaris B3 in November , but the missile was eventually named Poseidon C3 to emphasize the technical advances over its predecessor . The C3 was the only version of the missile produced , and it was also given the designation UGM - 73A . Slightly longer and considerably wider and heavier than Polaris A3 , Poseidon had the same range , greater payload capacity , improved accuracy , and MIRV capability . Poseidon could deliver up to fourteen W68 thermonuclear warheads contained in Mark 3 reentry vehicles to multiple targets . The high - re - entry - speed design was intended to counter Sprint - type terminal ABM defenses . See Atmospheric re - entry for blunt body theory . The low - yield warheads were apparently selected to make the weapon unsuitable as a first - strike weapon against hardened targets in the Soviet Union , but could be used in a retaliatory strike against soft target s , or in a pre - emptive strike against unhardened surface targets such as airfields , SAM sites , radar sites and other similar targets , opening a pathway for heavy bomber s . In later years this targeting technique has been demonstrated by the use of cruise missile s to neutralize airfields , SAM sites etc . in the opening phases of the Gulf War . As with Polaris , starting a rocket motor when the missile was still in the submarine was considered very dangerous . Therefore , the missile was ejected from its launch tube using high pressure steam produced by a solid - fueled boiler . The main rocket motor ignited automatically when the missile had risen approximately above the submarine . The first test launch took place on 16 August 1968 , the first successful at - sea launch was from a surface ship , the historic ( from July 1 to December 16 , 1969 ) , earning the ship the Meritorious Unit Commendation , and the first test launch from a submarine took place on the on 3 August 1970 . The weapon officially entered service on 31 March 1971 . It eventually equipped 31 - , - , and - class submarines . Beginning in 1979 , 12 Poseidon - equipped SSBN s were refitted with Trident I . By 1992 , the Soviet Union had collapsed , 12 Ohio - class submarine s had been commissioned , and the START I treaty had gone into effect , so the 31 older Poseidon - and Trident I - armed SSBNs were disarmed , withdrawing Poseidon from service . About 620 UGM - 73A missiles were built between 1970 and 1978 .
Australian Army Land Warfare Centre , Western Australia The Land Warfare Centre in Fremantle , Western Australia was an Australian Army training centre based at Leeuwin Barracks to meet the needs of combat training . The training centre was disestablished on 1 January 2009 . The last Commandant of the Land Warfare Centre was Brigadier Stephen Gerard Cain .
No . 162 Squadron RCAF Formed as a Bomber Reconnaissance Squadron at RCAF Station Yarmouth , Nova Scotia , Canada on 19 May 1942 with Canso A aircraft , the squadron spent an uneventful eighteen months on East Coast anti - submarine duty . In January 1944 it was lent to RAF Coastal Command and stationed at RAF Reykjavik , Iceland to cover the mid - ocean portion of the North Atlantic shipping route . During June and July , the squadron operated from RAF Wick , Scotland and scored a series of brilliant successes by sinking four German submarines , and sharing a fifth , that were attempting to break through the North Transit Area to attack the Allied D - Day invasion fleet . In one of these engagements Flt Lt D . E . Hornell won the Victoria Cross for attacking and sinking U - 1225 despite withering anti - aircraft fire from the U - boat . No . 162 Squadron is notable because it was one of the few squadrons that was not renumbered in the 400 - series for overseas deployment as were most RCAF units . No . 162 ( BR ) Squadron was the RCAF ' s most successful anti - submarine squadron during the Second World War with five U - boats destroyed , one shared sinking and one U - boat damaged . The squadron flew the Canso during its entire operational career . From the beginning of operations until the end of the war , the squadron flew 2100 sorties and lost 6 aircraft . The Squadron was disbanded at Sydney , Nova Scotia on 7 August 1945 . A Canso at the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum is restored in the markings and colors of No . 162 Squadron , Royal Canadian Air Force The museum is located in Hamilton , Ontario .
Free company A free company ( sometimes called a great company ) was a late medieval army of mercenaries acting independently of any government , and thus " free " . They regularly made a living by plunder when they were not employed ; in France they were the " routiers " and " écorcheurs " who operated outside the highly - structured law of arms . The term " free company " is most applied to those companies of soldiers which formed after the Peace of Brétigny during the Hundred Years ' War and were active mainly in France , but it has been applied to other companies , such as the Catalan Grand Company and companies that worked elsewhere , such as in Italy and the Holy Roman Empire . Italy . The free companies , or companies of adventure , have been cited as a factor as strong as or famine in the reduction of Siena from a glorious rival of Florence to a second - rate power during the later fourteenth century ; Siena spent 291 , 379 florins between 1342 and 1399 buying off the free companies . The White Company of John Hawkwood , probably the most famous free company , active in Italy in the latter half of the fourteenth century , was the worst offender among those that preyed upon Sienese factions .
Castle of Santa Àgueda The Castle of Santa Àgueda ( Arabized : Sent Agaiz ) is found in the municipality of Ferreries , Minorca . It is situated over an elongated plateau , called Santa Àgueda , 264 m above sea level . It is the third highest point in the island behind Monte Toro ( 358 m ) and S ' Esclusa ( 275 m ) . The castle is accessed by an ancient Roman road . Next to the castle there was also , until recently , a chapel dedicated to Saint Agatha . History . The Castle of Santa Àgueda was built over an ancient Roman " castra " by the Arabs , when Manûrqa ( Minorca ) was part of the Caliph of Cordoba . The exact date of its construction is not known , but it was prior to 1232 . In 1287 , it became the last standpoint of resistance by the Arab inhabitants when the island was invaded by King Alfonso III of Aragon . The castle was later destroyed by Alfonso ' s grand - nephew King Peter IV of Aragon around 1343 . The Castle of Santa Àgueda ( 2006 ) is in ruins . There is a project by the local insular government , " Plan Especial de Protección de Santa Àgueda " ( PEP ) ( 2004 ) , to rehabilitate and refurbish Santa Àgueda . The " Consell Insular de Menorca " , Minorca ' s Island Council , announced on the 17 January 2007 the acquisition of the castle from its former private owners , this coincided with Minorca ' s National Day , the same day that the island was conquered by Alfons III of Aragon .
348th ReconnaissanceSquadron The 348th Reconnaissance Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit . It is assigned to the 69th Reconnaissance Group . It was activated at Grand Forks Air Force Base , North Dakota on 11 September 2011 . History . Established in early 1942 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment squadron ; trained under Second Air Force first in the Pacific Northwest , but the poor flying weather in the northwest forced a relocation to the Midwest for the second and third phases of training . After completion of training , the 99th departed for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in Algeria , where the ground echelon went by ship from New York to Marrakech , Morocco ; the air echelon flying to Morrision Field , Florida then along the South Atlantic Route to Navarin Airfield , Algeria where the ground and air echelons of the group were reunited in late February 1943 . Assigned to Twelfth Air Force , the squadron engaged in combat operations in support of American ground forces in Algeria and Tunisia during the 1943 North African campaign . Helped force the capitulation of Pantelleria Island in June 1943 . Bombed in preparation for and in support of the invasions of Sicily and southern Italy in the summer and fall of 1943 . Was reassigned to the new Fifteenth Air Force in October 1943 and until the German Capitulation in May 1945 , engaged in strategic bombardment of enemy targets in Italy , France , Germany , Czechoslovakia , Austria , Hungary , Rumania , Bulgaria , Yugoslavia , and Greece , attacking oil refineries , marshaling yards , aircraft factories , and other strategic objectives . Squadron was demoblized in Italy in late 1945 ; inactivated in November . Activated in the reserves in 1947 , however unit never equipped or manned . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget restraints . Reactivated in 1953 as a Strategic Air Command B - 36 Peacemaker intercontinental strategic bombardment squadron . Engaged in worldwide strategic bombardment training and stood nuclear alert until 1956 when the B - 36 was retired . Re - equipped with B - 52 Stratofortress es and continued training and nuclear alert status . Deployed to Pacific during Vietnam War , engaging in Arc Light combat missions over North Vietnam ; also deployed to Thailand flying out of U - Tapao RTNAF for combat missions over Cambodia and Laos . Inactivated in 1973 with the inactivation of parent 99th Bombardment Wing and closure of Westover AFB .