naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Salisbury Sound ( AV - 13 ) USS " Salisbury Sound " ( AV - 13 ) , a " Currituck " - class seaplane tender , was laid down on 10 April 1943 by Todd Pacific Shipyards , San Pedro , California . The ship was originally named " Puget Sound " , however it was renamed on 5 June 1944 , before it was launched on 18 June 1944 . " Salisbury Sound " was sponsored by Mrs . John D . Price , and commissioned on 26 November 1945 , Capt . Doyle G . Donaho in command . She was named after the Salisbury Sound ; a sound near Sitka , Alaska and until her decommissioning was affectionately referred to by her crewmembers as the " " Sally Sound " " . After shakedown , " Salisbury Sound " departed San Diego on 12 February 1946 and commenced her first of 19 deployments to the western $ 3 , where she served during a portion of every year from 1946 through 1966 . The seaplane tender operated at Okinawa , Shanghai , and Tsingtao from March through October 1946 . From April into September 1947 , she voyaged Okinawa , Tsingtao , and Guam ; and later , from May into September 1948 , she sailed to Yokosuka , Tsingtao , and Shanghai . Upon completion of several west coast operations in 1949 , she steamed to Hong Kong later that year and returned to San Diego on 13 June 1950 . On 26 July 1950 , soon after North Korean forces invaded South Korea , " Salisbury Sound " sailed from San Diego . After delivering cargo to Yokosuka and Okinawa , she tended planes at Iwakuni , Japan , and at Okinawa from September into December . Her planes performed reconnaissance work in the Korean area and in the Taiwan Strait . After returning to San Diego on 31 March 1951 , she sailed on 1 August , and served at Boko Ko in the Pescadores Islands , at Okinawa , and at Iwakuni , before returning to San Diego on 16 April 1952 . Departing Long Beach on 15 August , she again tended planes at Okinawa , before arriving at Alameda , California , on 25 March 1953 . From 1954 through 1966 , " Salisbury Sound " operated frequently at Okinawa , and also at Taiwan and Luzon . She served as flagship of the Formosa Patrol Force during the evacuation of the Tachen Islands in February 1955 . Effective 1 August 1963 , her homeport was changed from San Francisco , California , to NAS Whidbey Island , Washington - specifically at the Seaplane Base - where she carried and tended to the P5M Marlin . Voyaging to Vietnam , she visited Saigon from 1 to 4 June 1964 . She steamed to Danang , Con Son Island , and Cu Lao Cham Island in 1965 , and to Cam Ranh Bay in 1966 . It also took place in Operation Market Time . Decommissioned on 31 March 1967 , the " " Sally Sound " " was transferred to the Maritime Administration on 3 July 1968 and entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet , Olympia , Washington , where she remained until sold to Zidell Exploration s , Inc . , of Portland , Oregon , on 7 February 1972 . The vessel ' s commissioning plaque was saved and is currently on board the museum ship USS Hazzard in Omaha , NE . " Salisbury Sound " received four campaign stars for service in Vietnam .
Lawful enemy combatant The term lawful enemy combatant is defined in the Military Commissions Act of 2006 ; the term is used as an exclusionary term to prevent most of those who qualify under the definition from being an unlawful enemy combatant . Criticism . The definition given in the act seems to face several difficulties . Firstly it is to a substantial extent analogous to the definition of such persons who are to be held as prisoners of war under the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War , and indeed would appear to define those who are to be treated as prisoners of war , but it is missing three of the categories under said convention , categories 4 , 5 , 6 . Furthermore , under Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 , and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts ( Protocol I ) , 8 June 1977 there are additional categories given , but to which the United States of America is merely a signatory , since it has not been ratified there .
Battle of La Motta ( 1513 ) The Battle of La Motta , also known as the Battle of Schio , Battle of Vicenza or Battle of Creazzo , took place at Schio , in the Italian region of Veneto , Republic of Venice , on 7 October 1513 , between the forces of the Republic of Venice and a combined force of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire , and was a significant battle of the War of the League of Cambrai . A Venetian army under Bartolomeo d ' Alviano was decisively defeated by the Spanish / Imperial army commanded by Ramón de Cardona and Fernando d ' Avalos . Background . The Venetian commander , Bartolomeo d ' Alviano , unexpectedly left without French support , retreated into the region of Veneto , pursued closely by the Spanish army under Ramón de Cardona . While the Spanish were unable to capture Padua , they penetrated deep into Venetian territory and in September were in sight of Venice itself . The Spanish Viceroy of Naples , Ramón de Cardona , attempted a bombardment of the city that proved largely ineffective ; then , having no ships with which to cross the lagoon , turned back for Lombardy . D ' Alviano , having been reinforced by hundreds of soldiers and volunteers from the Venetian nobility , and cannons and other supplies , took the initiative and pursued Cardona ' s army , with the intention of not allowing the Spaniards out of the region of Veneto . Battle . The Venetian army commanded by Bartolomeo d ' Alviano , finally confronted Cardona ' s army outside Vicenza , a city in north - eastern Italy , on 7 October 1513 . The Spanish and German infantry , composed by 7 , 000 men , led by Fernando d ' Avalos and Georg von Frundsberg , well positioned and ready for battle , launched a strong charge against the Venetian army , causing thousands of dead and wounded ( over 4 , 500 casualties ) in the ranks of the Venetian army . This was a severe blow , forcing the Venetians to flee , and scattering D ' Alviano ' s entire army . The forces of the two commanders continued to skirmish in the Italy ' s most North - Eastern region of Friuli - Venezia Giulia for the rest of 1513 and through 1514 . Consequences . Although the Venetians were decisively defeated by the Spaniards , the Holy League failed to follow up on these victories . The death of the King of France , Louis XII , on 1 January 1515 , brought Francis I to the throne . Having assumed the title of Duke of Milan at his coronation , Francis immediately moved to reclaim his holdings in Italy . A combined Swiss and Papal force moved north from Milan to block the Alpine passes against him , but Francis avoided the main passes and marched instead through the valley of the Stura . The French vanguard surprised the Milanese cavalry at Villafranca , capturing Prospero Colonna . Meanwhile , Francis and the main body of the French confronted the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano on 13 September .
Textbook of Military Medicine The Textbook of Military Medicine ( TMM ) is a series of volumes on military medicine published since 1989 by the Borden Institute , of the Office of The Surgeon General , of the United States Department of the Army . It constitutes a comprehensive , multi - volume treatise on the art and science of military medicine , as practiced by the United States armed forces . The books integrate lessons learned in past wars with current principles and practices of military medical doctrine . The spectrum of topics is broad , ranging from wound ballistics to medical ethics , and from considerations of harsh environments to applied biomedicine . The TMM series is intended to be tri - service in scope , although the majority of contributors are affiliated with the U . S . Army . The titles . The 18 volumes of the TMM published thus far are as follows : In addition , the following volumes are in preparation : Volumes of the TMM are distributed free of charge to military medical personnel . The Borden Institute also offers user - friendly , deployable versions of the TMM series on CD - ROM .
USS Hartford grounding On 25 October 2003 , the , a United States Navy nuclear - powered " Los Angeles " - class submarine ran aground while performing routine maneuvers in the harbour of La Maddalena , Sardinia . Approximately 9 million US $ worth of damage were done to the submarine , and it was out of service for seven months . An investigation into the accident revealed that basic navigation errors combined with equipment failures were to blame for the submarine running into the rocky shallows . Timeline of events leading up to the accident . The US Navy investigation into the incident revealed a pattern of navigation , procedural and equipment errors leading up to the accident . Aftermath . Navy divers from the USS " Emory S . Land " ( AS - 39 ) inspected " Hartford " the next day and found large areas of the hull scraped down to bare metal . Sound damping anechoic tiles had been ripped away , metal grates over the ballast tanks had been badly distorted and the passive sonar hydrophone system damaged in three separate locations . The worst damage was at the aft end of the boat , where the rocks had torn off the bottom part of the rudder . So severe was the damage , that there was some question as to the structural integrity of the hull , however , temporary repairs were conducted at La Maddalena . And on 19 November 2003 " Hartford " proceeded back to Naval Station Norfolk in Virginia under her own power , but at half speed — arriving on 17 December 2003 . " Hartford " then underwent repairs for seven months . It finally returned to Groton . After the accident Commander Christopher R . Van Metre , captain of " Hartford " , and Captain Greg Parker , Commodore of Submarine Squadron 22 , were relieved of command and sent back to the United States . Six other crewmen were also charged with dereliction of duty . The US Navy report into the incident made several recommendations , one of which is to ensure that no transfers of key personnel occur prior to , or during a deployment . " Hartford " ’ s captain had reported aboard only weeks before the boat left for the Mediterranean and his unfamiliarity with the crew and the boat were contributing factors . The lessons learned about the failures in navigation have been incorporated into the " submarine on - board training syllabus " . The Navy has also asked the government of Italy to place more navigational buoys warning of shallow water near Sardinia . Environmental impact . There was some concern after the accident , especially given the fact the incident was not reported to the public until 12 November , three weeks after the accident . There was some outcry in the Italian press , especially since a nuclear submarine was involved . Subsequent investigations have shown that there was no leak from the submarine .
Peter Aplin Peter Aplin ( 1753 - 17 April 1817 ) was an English admiral . He was midshipman of the on 9 October 1776 , when her first lieutenant was killed in action with the batteries at the mouth of North River and was promoted to the vacancy caused by his death . Aplin ' s further promotion was rapid , and on 23 November 1780 he was appointed captain of the , a frigate of 24 guns . He was still in her at Yorktown in the following October , when she was destroyed by the enemy ' s red - hot shot ; after which he served , with his crew , on shore under the orders of Lord Cornwallis . He had no further service at sea until , in 1797 , he was appointed to the of 74 guns , which , after the Battle of Cape St Vincent reinforced the fleet off Cadiz . He continued in this command for nearly two years , when he was promoted to flag rank . As an admiral , however , he never served , although , he passed through the several gradations by seniority , and attained the high rank of admiral of the white before his death , which occurred on 17 April 1817 .
Quentin Smythe Quentin George Murray Smythe ( 6 August 1916 – 22 October 1997 ) was a South African recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Smythe was born on 6 August 1916 , the grandson of the penultimate Prime Minister of Natal , Charles Smythe and was educated at Estcourt High School . Military career . During the Second World War , he served with the 1st Battalion Royal Natal Carabineers 1st SA Infantry Division , South African Forces in the East Africa Campaign against the Italians before moving to the Western Desert . Victoria Cross . He was 25 years old , and a Sergeant when the South African Forces were attacked near Alem Hamza in Libya . During the attack Smythe realised that there was no officer to command his platoon and took charge himself . Although he had a wound in his forehead , causing much loss of blood , he managed single - handedly to obliterate a machine gun post , taking all the surviving crew prisoner . Then , again single - handedly and armed only with rifle and bayonet , he promptly did the same with an enemy anti - tank gun crew , after which he consolidated the position . However , because of the deterioration of the situation elsewhere , he found himself ordered to withdraw . He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery , the citation was gazetted on 11 September 1942 : Later life . He married firstly , in 1945 ( dissolved 1970 ) , Dale Griffiths ; they had three sons and one daughter . He married secondly , in 1970 , Margaret Joan Shatwell , who died in 1980 . He married thirdly , in 1984 , Patricia Stamper He later achieved the rank of Captain and after he war served with the South African Ministry of Defence . On leaving the Department of Defence he returned to farming in the Richmond are of Natal . He was an outstanding marksman , a passionate conservationist and animal lover . He died from cancer in Parklands Hospital Durban , South Africa in October 1997 . He left three sons , a daughter and 11 grandchildren . His third wife is still alive , living new Amanizimtoti , KwaZulu Natal , South Africa . The medal . Auctioned in UK 1998 , the medal is now part of the Lord Ashcroft Collection at the Imperial War Museum in London .
BL 6 - inch 30 cwt howitzer The Ordnance BL 6 inch 30cwt howitzer was a British medium howitzer used in the Second Boer War and early in World War I . The qualifier " 30cwt " refers to the weight of the barrel and breech together which weighed 30 hundredweight ( cwt ) : 30 x 112 lb = 3360 lb . It can be identified by the slightly flared shape of the muzzle and large recuperator springs below the barrel . History . Introduced 1896 , based on an Indian Army design . Its original shell was 122 lb 9 oz Lyddite explosive . In 1901 a lighter shell was introduced which increased maximum range when firing from its wheeled travelling carriage to 7000 yards . These were then referred to as the " heavy " and " light " shell respectively . A 100 lb shrapnel shell was also available . It was phased out and replaced by 6 inch 26 cwt howitzer from late 1915 onwards . Combat use . This gun was designed as a siege howitzer firing a special howitzer shell . It was designed to be fired from a static siege platform , with wheels removed , for accurate long - range shooting . When fired mounted on its normal wheeled travelling carriage , which had become standard practice for modern medium artillery , its range and accuracy diminished due to limited elevation and also lack of a modern recoil mechanism . Second Boer War . 12 Guns were employed in South Africa in the Second Boer War as part of the British siege train . It was during this campaign that the short range limitation became evident , and shell weight was traded for greater range in 1901 with the introduction of a " light " shell which increased maximum range when firing from its wheeled travelling carriage to 7000 yards . No use was found for the siege platform which allowed elevation to 70° : " This capability was designed for distinct siege operation , and in South Africa the need for this did not arise . In this theatre the platform was an encumbrance , and it was discovered that it could be dispensed with " . World War I . When World War I began approximately 80 guns were still available . They constituted the only true heavy artillery the British army possessed , and were heavily engaged in the early battles in France and Flanders . It was adapted to use the standard gun shell , with a slight enlargement of the chamber to produce Mk I * , allowing slightly larger propellant charges . It served in all theatres , including the Western Front , until replaced by the modern 6 inch 26 cwt howitzer from late 1915 . However , Gallipoli was given low priority for modern ordnance and the 6 inch 30 cwt was used by 14th Siege Battery RGA ( 4 guns ) , attached to 29th Division , at Helles , and by the Australian 1st Heavy Artillery Battery ( 2 guns from the Royal Malta Artillery , crewed by the Royal Marine Artillery , which arrived in May ) at Anzac . Greco - Turkish War ( 1919 – 1922 ) . Judging by official Greek photographs and text , at least one howitzer was deployed by Greece during the Greco - Turkish War of 1919 – 1922 .
Army Slav Developed to help with language barriers in Austria - Hungary , Army Slav ( " German " Armee - Slawisch ) was a rump language consisting of about eighty key words . It was in use until the end of the Great War . Part of the reason for the existence of this specialized language was the fact that while German and Hungarian were official languages , half of the soldiery was called from areas that spoke various Slavic languages . In all , there were eleven different official languages and many more dialects to contend with . While efforts were made to keep soldiers grouped according to language , mixed language units still occurred .
Mungyeong Massacre The Mungyeong Massacre ( , Hanja : 聞慶良民虐殺事件 ) was a massacre conducted by 2nd and 3rd platoon , 7th company , 3rd battalion , 25th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division of the South Korean Army on 24 December 1949 of 86 to 88 unarmed citizens in Mungyeong , North Gyeongsang district of South Korea , all of whom were civilians and a majority of whom were children and elderly people . The victims included 32 children . The victims were massacred because they were Communist supporters or collaborators . However , the South Korean government blamed the crime on communist guerillas for decades . On 26 June 2006 , the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Korea concluded that the massacre was committed by the South Korean Army . However , South Korean local court decided that charging the South Korean government with the massacre was barred by statute of limitations as the five - year prescription ended in December 1954 . On 10 February 2009 , the South Korean high court also dismissed the victim ' s family complaint . In June , 2011 , South Korean Supreme court decided that the South Korean government should compensate victims of inhumane crimes it committed regardless of the deadline to make the claim .
Pesakh ( general ) A Khazar Jewish general mentioned in the Schechter Letter . Pesakh was military commander of the region around the Strait of Kerch who defeated the armies of the Rus ' prince " HLGW " ( most likely Oleg of Novgorod ) around the year 941 in the Taman region . His title is given as " Baliqchi " which translates roughly as " Fisherman " ( or , in alternate translation " Fish - Lord " ) ; scholars have hypothesized that this was a naval rank within the Khazar military .
1914 – 1917 African Campaigns Commemorative Medal The Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns 1914 – 1917 ( , ) was a Belgian military war service medal established by Royal Decree on 21 February 1917 to recognise combat service on the African continent between 1914 and 1918 . It was awarded in silver to Belgian military personnel and in bronze to indigenous personnel who participated in the campaigns in Cameroun , Rhodesia , German East Africa and on the Eastern borders of the Belgian Congo between 1914 and 1918 . In 1931 , the clasp " MAHENGE " was established for award to the participants of the 1917 campaign beginning in Tanganyika in German East Africa and resulting in the capture of the city of Mahenge . The medal was produced in two different variants , type 1 bore the years 1914 – 1916 , type 2 bore the years 1914 – 1917 on the reverse . Award description . The Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns 1914 – 1917 was a 31mm in diameter circular silver ( for Belgians ) or bronze ( for Africans ) medal surmounted by a 14mm wide by 12mm high royal crown . The medal had raised egdes on both the obverse and reverse . The obverse bore the relief head on image of a lion , its front legs on a rocky outcropping , on the left side of the lion , the base of a mountain , on the right , tropical flora . Above the lion ' s head , just below the medal ' s edge , a small relief five pointed star . On the reverse at top , a relief five pointed star bisecting the years " 1914 * 1916 " in the case of a type 1 medal , or the years " 1914 * 1917 " in the case of a type 2 medal . Three relief laurel branches , two horizontal and one vertical are partially hidden by the names of the localities where engagements were fought inscribed on nine lines : The medal was suspended by a ring through a suspension loop from a light blue 38mm wide silk moiré ribbon with 5mm wide yellow edge stripes . Notable recipients ( partial list ) . The individuals listed below were awarded the 1914 – 1917 African Campaigns Commemorative Medal :
HMS C14 HMS " C14 " was a British C class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 4 December 1906 and was commissioned on 13 March 1908 . " C14 " was sunk in a collision with " Hopper No . 27 " at Plymouth Sound on 10 December 1913 . There were no casualties . She was salvaged and recommissioned . HMS " C14 " was finally sold on 5 December 1921 .
Chatham Historic Dockyard Chatham Historic Dockyard is a maritime museum on part of the site of the former royal / naval dockyard at Chatham in Medway , South East England . Chatham Dockyard covered 400 acres ( 1 . 6 km² ) and was one of the Royal Navy ' s main facilities for several hundred years until it was closed in 1984 . After closure the dockyard was divided into three sections . The easternmost basin was handed over to Medway Ports and is now a commercial port . Another slice was converted into a mixed commercial , residential and leisure development . 80 acres ( 324 , 000 m² ) , comprising the 18th century core of the site , was transferred to a charity called the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust and is now open as a visitor attraction . It claims to be the world ’ s most complete dockyard of the Age of Sail . The attraction has seven main elements : Workers at the dockyard performed eight years of restoration work on the " Havengore " , the ceremonial vessel that carried the body of Winston Churchill during his state funeral . In addition the dockyard is acting as custodian of artefacts , masts and rigging from the " Cutty Sark " and the " Medway Queen " , while their hulls are being restored elsewhere . Records of the ships built at Chatham go back to 1646 . Dockyard Railway . The site is also home to a Dockyard Railway that has a diverse collection of locomotives and rolling stock , some of which can be seen in operation throughout the year .