naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Herbrand Russell , 11th Duke of Bedford Herbrand Arthur Russell , 11th Duke of Bedford KG KBE DL LLD FRS FSA ( 19 February 1858 – 27 August 1940 ) was the son of Francis Russell , 9th Duke of Bedford . Family . He married Mary du Caurroy Tribe on 31 January 1888 at Barrackpore , India . They had one child , Hastings William Sackville Russell , 12th Duke of Bedford ( 1888 – 1953 ) he also took for his ward , his brothers illegitimate Indian daughter , until she was married . Mary , Duchess of Bedford was later appointed DBE . Dame Mary Russell died in an aviation accident in 1937 , three years before her husband . Career . He gained the rank of officer in the service of the Grenadier Guards and was made a Colonel of the 3rd Battalion , Bedfordshire Regiment between 1897 and 1908 . He fought in the Egyptian campaign in 1882 and in the First World War , where he was mentioned in dispatches . He held the office of Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex between 1898 and 1926 , President of the Zoological Society in 1899 , Mayor of Holborn in 1900 , Aide - de - Camp to the Viceroy of India between 1885 and 1886 , Militia Aide - de - Camp between 1908 and 1920 , to King Edward VII and King George V and sometime Deputy Lieutenant of Bedfordshire . The Duke of Bedford was instrumental in saving the Père David ' s Deer from extinction after they became extinct in their native China . He acquired the few remaining deer from European zoos and nurtured a herd at Woburn Abbey Bedford served as president of the Cremation Society of Great Britain from 1921 to his death in 1940 . He had the original cremator from Woking Crematorium moved and fitted inside a new chapel at Golders Green Crematorium , where he was himself cremated . Honours . Herbrand Russell was invested as a Knight of Grace of the Order of St John ( K . G . St . J . ) , as a Fellow of the Society of Arts ( F . S . A . ) on 14 March 1901 , Knight of the Order of the Garter ( KG ) on 30 May 1902 , Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE ) in 1919 , was invested as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1908 and made an honorary Freeman of Holborn in 1931 . He was made an Honorary Doctor of Law ( LL . D . ) by Edinburgh University in 1906 . His grandson John Russell , 13th Duke of Bedford describes him as follows : " A selfish , forbidding man , with a highly developed sense of public duty and ducal responsibility , he lived a cold , aloof existence , isolated from the outside world by a mass of servants , sycophants and an eleven - mile wall . " In conjunction with his son Hastings Russell , 12th Duke of Bedford , he developed plans to protect the Bedford fortune from the British tax regime . However , he died too soon for these to come to fruition and the only result was to involve his grandson in enormous difficulties in obtaining access to the family properties . Herbrand and Hastings Russell feature largely in the 13th Duke ' s memoir , " A Silver - Plated Spoon " ( World Books , 1959 ) . According to Jane Goodall in her book " Hope for Animals " , the Duke was instrumental in saving the milu ( or Père David ' s deer ) which was already extinct by 1900 in its native China .
Geoffrey Cather Lieutenant Geoffrey St . George Shillington Cather VC ( 11 October 1890 – 2 July 1916 ) was born in the Streatham Hill area of south - west London . He was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Cather was born on 11 October 1890 to R . G . Cather and of Mrs . M . M . Cather , of Limpsfield , Surrey . He joined the Artists Rifles during the First World War . As a 25 - year - old lieutenant in the 9th Battalion , The Royal Irish Fusiliers , he was awarded the VC for his actions on 1 July 1916 near Hamel , France . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of The Royal Irish Fusiliers , Armagh , Northern Ireland .
17th ( Northern ) Division The British 17th ( Northern ) Division was a New Army division formed in September 1914 as part of the K2 Army Group . The division moved to France in July 1915 and spent the duration of the First World War in action on the Western Front .
9th Infantry Brigade ( Greece ) The 9th Infantry Brigade ( ) is an infantry brigade of the Hellenic Army . Headquartered in Florina and subordinated to the I Army Corps , it was formed from the former 9th Infantry Division ( ΙΧ Μεραρχία Πεζικού ) on 1 April 1998 .
T - 155 Fırtına T - 155 Fırtına ( " Storm " ) is the Turkish variant of the K9 Thunder 155mm self - propelled howitzer by Samsung Techwin . Though essentially using the main systems of the K9 howitzer , including the South Korean designed 155 / 52 caliber gun system , majority of the chassis , automatic ammunition feeding mechanism , and the German designed MTU - 881 KA 500 diesel engine , the T - 155 has considerable differences in its turret design , parts of the chassis , the navigation system , and electronic systems ( such as the radio and fire control system ) which were developed in Turkey . Unlike the K9 , T - 155 Fırtına lacks commander ' s digital panoramic sight . Through the Inertial Navigation System produced by ASELSAN the howitzer is able to determine the coordinates of the targets at 17 . 5 meters deviation . Fırtına can open fire within 30 seconds . According to the licence agreement with Samsung Techwin , the first eight T - 155s were built in South Korea , while the remaining batch of more than 300 units would be produced in Turkey . The total reported cost of purchase and technology transfer for the Turkish government was $ 1 billion . T - 155 Fırtına has a maximum firing range of 40 km , depending on the type of ammunition . It can reach a top speed of 66 km / h and has an operational range of 480 km . The T - 155 howitzers are built at the 1st Army Maintenance Center Command of the Turkish Army in Adapazarı . Production rate of the T - 155 is 24 units per year . From 2001 to December 2009 , more than 150 units have been delivered to the Turkish Army . A total of 350 T - 155 Fırtına howitzers are planned to be produced . Ammunition Resupply Vehicle . Recent developments have been made within Turkey to develop an Indigenous Ammunition Resupply Vehicle based on T - 155 Fırtına , the Vehicles will have an Ammunition Transfer System similar to that of South Korean K10 ARV . In which a boom is extended towards the rear of the T - 155 Fırtına turret where the exchange happens . The Turkish ARV will have Auxiliary Power Unit unlike the K10 ARV , which allows the vehicle ' s crew to use electronics , communication systems and Ammunition Transfer System to run economically without the main engines being turned on . Users / Exports . Turkey . The Turkish Armed Forces has placed an order to manufacture 300 vehicles in total with 24 vehicles rolling off of the assembly line every year . Azerbaijan . Talks were held with the Azerbaijani side on the purchase and sale of the military equipment . The sides were expected to sign the contract by the end of 2011 . A contract for 36 T - 155 howitzers was signed in 2011 , but was delayed due to complications regarding the German production of the engines and an embargo on Azerbaijan connected to conflict with neighboring Armenia . Deliveries will start in 2014 . Operational history . The T - 155 Fırtına was first deployed in Operation Sun at the end of 2007 into January 2008 to fight the PKK militants in the northern part of Iraq . T - 155 was used in 2012 Syrian – Turkish border clashes .
Castle of Cardona The Castle of Cardona ( ; , ) is arguably the most important medieval fortress in the Principality of Catalonia . It is situated on a hill overlooking the river valley of the Cardener and the town of Cardona . The fortress was initially constructed by Wilfred the Hairy in 886 . It is in both the Romanesque and Gothic styles , and includes the so - called " Sala Dorada " and " Sala dels Entresols " . During the 14th century , the dukes of Cardona came from the most important family of the Crown of Aragon , which was second only to the royal house . Because of this , they were called “ kings without crowns , ” as they had extensive territories in Catalonia , Aragon , and Valencia , and dynastic ties with Castile , Portugal , Sicily , and Naples . This presumably increased the importance of the castle . In 1714 , even after a Bourbon siege destroyed a good part of the castle ' s walls , the garrison was one of the last to surrender to the Bourbon troops which supported Philip V . As the Bourbons and their heirs would go on to suppress Catalonian national identity , the fort has become significant to Catalonian nationalism . Today , the castle ' s main jewel is the " torre de la minyona " ( from the 11th century ) a tower which measures 15 metres in height and 10 metres in diameter . Additionally , there is the romanesque Church of Sant Vicenç de Cardona adjacent to the fort . The fort is currently used as a parador , a state - run luxury hotel . Notes . The movie , " Chimes at Midnight " , by Orson Welles was filmed at the castle in Cardona . The portico of the Church of St . Vincenç in Cardona was once covered with murals . Fragments of these " painted vaults " were restored in 1960 and are now displayed at the Museu Nacional d ' Art de Catalunya in Barcelona .
USS Bancroft ( DD - 256 ) The second USS " Bancroft " ( DD - 256 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy , and transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy , where she served as HMCS " St . Francis " during World War II . As USS " Bancroft " . Named for George Bancroft , she was launched 21 March 1919 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Quincy , Massachusetts , sponsored by Miss Mary W . Bancroft , great granddaughter of George Bancroft ; and commissioned 30 June 1919 , Lieutenant Commander H . S . Haislip in command . " Bancroft " joined the Atlantic Fleet and took part in fleet training activities until 26 November 1919 when she went into reserve commission . She was placed out of commission at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 11 July 1922 . " Bancroft " was recommissioned 18 December 1939 and served with the Atlantic Squadron on the east coast until decommissioned at Halifax , Nova Scotia , and transferred to Great Britain in the destroyer - land bases exchange 24 September 1940 . As HMCS " St . Francis " . " Bancroft " was allocated to the Royal Canadian Navy and was taken over by the Canadians 24 September 1940 . Following the Canadian practice of naming destroyers after Canadian rivers ( but with deference to the U . S . origin ) , " St . Francis " was named after the St . Francis River forming the border between northern Maine and Quebec and New Brunswick . " St . Francis " left Halifax 15 January 1941 and arrived in the River Clyde , Scotland , 26 January . She joined the 4th Escort Group and on 20 May she rescued all the survivors of the steamship " Starcrose " which had to be sunk after being torpedoed by a submarine . At the end of June she escorted a troop convoy to the Middle East and in July she joined the newly formed Newfoundland Escort Force . Between 1941 and 1943 " St . Francis " made several attacks on enemy submarines while escorting convoys ON - 95 , SC - 85 , ON - 105 , HX - 197 , and ON - 116 with Mid - Ocean Escort Force group C - 4 . " St . Francis " subsequently escorted convoy ON - 121 with Escort Group C - 3 , convoy SC - 99 with Escort Group C - 1 , and convoy ON - 147 with Escort Group C - 4 . After refitting at Halifax , " St . Francis " joined Escort Group C . 2 in the Western Approaches Command in June 1943 but in August was transferred to the 9th Escort Group ( RCN ) , working from Londonderry Port , Northern Ireland . She returned to the Western Local Escort Force at Halifax the following month . From early 1944 she was employed on training duties at Digby , Nova Scotia , where on 1 April 1945 she was declared surplus . On her way to Baltimore to be scrapped by the Boston Iron & Metal Co . in July 1945 , she sank as a result of a collision off Cape Cod , Mass .
Anglo - Swedish War ( 1810 – 12 ) During the Napoleonic Wars until 1810 , Sweden and the United Kingdom were allies in the war against Napoleon . As a result of Sweden ' s defeat in the Finnish War and the Pomeranian War , and the following Treaty of Fredrikshamn and Treaty of Paris , Sweden declared war on the United Kingdom . The bloodless war , however , existed only on paper , and Britain was still officially allowed to station ships in the Swedish port of Hanö and trade with the Baltic nations . Background . The Treaty of Paris concluded on January 6 , 1810 , forced Sweden to join the Continental System , a trade embargo against Great Britain . Since Great Britain was Sweden ' s biggest trade partner this caused economic difficulties , and the trade continued to take place through smuggling . On November 13 , 1810 , France delivered an ultimatum to the Swedish government demanding that within five days Sweden : France and its allies threatened to declare war against Sweden if Sweden did not meet the French demands . On November 17 , the Swedish government declared war against Great Britain . The war . No acts of war occurred during the conflict , and Britain was even permitted to station boats in Hanö . Nevertheless , fearing the possibility of a British invasion , the Swedish government began to conscript more farmers into military service . This led to the only bloodshed during the war on June 15 , 1811 , when Major - General Hampus Mörner with 140 men acted to disperse a group of farmers in Klågerup in Scania who objected to the conscription policy . In the Klågerup riots , Mörner ' s soldiers killed 30 farmers . Aftermath . The Swedish Crown Prince Charles August had died on May 28 , 1810 , and on August 21 , 1810 , Jean - Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden . Under Bernadotte ' s rule , Sweden ' s relationship with France deteriorated . When France occupied Swedish Pomerania and the island of Rügen in 1812 , Sweden sought peace with Great Britain . Treaties of Orebro . After long negotiations , the Treaty of Orebro was signed on July 18 , 1812 . On the same day and at the same place , Britain and Russia signed a peace treaty bringing the Anglo – Russian War of 1807 – 1812 to an end .
Brian Jones ( intelligence analyst ) Brian Francis Gill Jones ( 24 August 1944 – 10 February 2012 ) was a UK metallurgist who worked as an intelligence analyst , was skeptical of claims of Iraqi WMD and gave evidence concerning the justification for the Iraq war . Intelligence career . Jones was a metallurgist by training who worked for many years in the technical branches of the UK Ministry of Defence . He specialised initially in the effects of radiation on the integrity of metals , particularly in the construction of nuclear reactor pressure vessels . From 1987 until his retirement in 2003 , he worked in the technical branch of the Defence Intelligence Staff , specialising in counter - proliferation of weapons of mass destruction . He was credited for being sceptical of the WMD claims regarding Iraq . Evidence . Having spent most of his career in the deliberately low - profile world of nuclear energy and then in intelligence work , he came to public notice in the summer of 2003 when , shortly after his retirement from the MoD , he gave evidence to the Hutton Inquiry , which was set up following the death of Dr David Kelly to investigate allegations that the so - called " dodgy dossier " of material was published by the government of Tony Blair in order to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq . In his report , Lord Hutton reported that Jones ' concerns over the ' 45 minute ' claims had not been considered by either the then Chief of Defence Intelligence , Air Marshal Sir Joe French or the Joint Intelligence Committee . Following his retirement and appearance before the Hutton enquiry , Jones went on to give evidence to both the Butler Review and the Chilcot Inquiry to give evidence on the intelligence available to Ministers before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq . He also wrote a book entitled " Failing Intelligence " , which was accepted by Sir John Chilcot as his evidence to that enquiry . Post retirement . Following his retirement , Jones returned to academia , becoming a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Mountbatten Centre for International Studies at Southampton University ; he also lectured at the Royal United Services Institute in London . Jones died on 10 February 2012 following a short illness . Jones became the subject of a BBC Radio 4 drama in March 2013 . He was played by Richard E Grant in " The Iraq Dossier " by David Morley .
Shibata Katsuie Biography . Katsuie was born in the village of Kamiyashiro ( present - day Meitō - ku , Nagoya ) , a branch of the Shiba clan ( who descended from the Ashikaga clan , and were the former suzerains of the Oda clan ) . Note the differences between , , and the . Katsuie was the retainer of Oda Nobukatsu ( Oda Nobuyuki ) . When control of the Oda clan was contested , Katsuie initially supported his lord , Nobukatsu , against his elder brother Oda Nobunaga . In 1556 , Katsuie launched a coup d ' etat against Nobunaga . He was defeated at the Battle of Inō , and in the aftermath Nobunaga had his brother executed , but impressed with the retainer ' s loyalty and bravery , decided to spare the life of Katsuie . Katsuie pledged his services to Nobunaga , earning his praises . In 1570 , while a joint Oda - Tokugawa coalition fought the battle of Anegawa , Katsuie was under siege at Chokoji Castle by 4000 soldiers of the Rokkaku clan . Katsuie eventually won via an all - out attack , forcing the Rokkaku to retreat . This action , along with a series of brilliant victories , gained him renown as " Oni Shibata " . In 1575 , after gaining control of Echizen , he took command of Kitanosho Castle ( Hokujō ) and was ordered to conquer the Hokuriku region . After controlling Kaga and Noto , he began a campaign against Etchu Province in 1581 . In 1582 , Nobunaga was betrayed at Honnō - ji by Akechi Mitsuhide and although Katsuie wanted to join the hunt for Akechi , he was unable to return south as he was heavily invested with the Siege of Matsukura and the army of Uesugi Kenshin . In a meeting in Kiyosu to determine the successor to Nobunaga , he supported Oda Nobutaka , the third son , for whom Katsuie had performed the genpuku ritual . He allied with Oda Nobutaka and Takigawa Kazumasu to battle Hideyoshi . However , his domain was sealed off in the winter by snowfalls and this limited his ability . Both of his allies were defeated while Katsuie battled snowfalls and Uesugi . His forces , under the leadership of Sakuma Morimasa , besieged Nakagawa Kiyohide at Shizugatake in a move to turn the tide launching the battle of Shizugatake . Sakuma ignored Shibata ' s orders to merely test the enemy ' s defence and was destroyed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi ' s returning forces . He retreated to Kitanoshō castle but with the army destroyed , Katsuie had no option but to surrender . Katsuie committed seppuku and set the fire to the castle . He implored Oichi to take their daughters and leave , but she decided to follow his death , while letting her daughters escape . Ironically , Katsuie had not so much as lifted a spear personally during the battle . His death poem was :
Campbell ' s Island State Memorial Campbell ' s Island State Memorial is a granite monument that marks the site of a day - long battle on July 19 , 1814 during the War of 1812 on Campbell ' s Island , Illinois . Dedicated in 1908 , the monument is maintained by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency as a national historic site .
Philippe Barrès Philippe Barrès ( 8 July 1896 , Neuilly - sur - Seine , Hauts - de - Seine – 14 April 1975 ) was a French journalist and the son of Maurice Barrès . He fought in World War I . He was a member of the short - lived Fascist party the Faisceau in the late 1920s . During World War II , he lived in the United States and wrote for French language journals . He represented the Rally of the French People ( RPF ) in the National Assembly from 1951 to 1955 . His son Claude Barrès joined the Free French Forces .
Central Landing Establishment The Central Landing Establishment was the Second World War British development centre for airborne warfare at RAF Ringway airfield near Manchester . Establishment . Following Prime Minister Winston Churchill ' s decision to create a parachute corps within the British Army after German successes using airborne force during the early stages of the war , a parachute training school known as the Central Landing School was set up at RAF Ringway near Manchester in June 1940 . On 31 August 1940 , it was expanded within the school becoming the Central Landing Establishment . There was a separate Technical unit and the addition of the Glider Training Squadron which would be used by pilotS training for the Glider Pilot Regiment . The centre was operated by Royal Air Force and British Army officers working in collaboration . In 1941 , the Airborne Forces Establishment was created from the experimental and technical units , renamed in 1942 as the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment . The Parachute Training Squadron became a unit in its own right as the Parachute Training School on 15 February 1942 . Glider pilot training took 24 weeks ; a 12 week light pilot training course and a 12 week glider course . Equipment . The CLE developed equipment to be used by Britain ' s airborne forces , such as standardized equipment containers for parachuting supplies . The Mark III CLE Canister was long and in diameter , with a parachute attached to one end and an impact absorbing " pan " at the other ; the capacity was . It split longitudinally for unloading . These containers would fit in the bomb bays of aircraft making resupply easier . The largest CLE canister was 3 . 3 m long . An earlier Mark I canister was D - shaped in cross - section ( about 15 inches in diameter ) . A motorcycle , the " Welbike " was developed that could be stowed in one . A cylindrical fuel can was also developed to fit the CLE Canister , with a canister able to accommodate three of the cans . Other means of landing supplies were developed . Wicker baskets for some materiel , crates for motorcycles such as the Royal Enfield WD / RE , and the means of parachuting jeeps and light artillery pieces .
Battle of Pokarwis The Battle of Pokarwis was a medieval battle fought in several skirmishes between pagan Old Prussians and the crusading Teutonic Knights on January 22 , 1261 during the Great Prussian Uprising that followed the failed first Prussian Uprising of 1242 - 1249 . After Lithuanians and Samogitians soundly defeated the joint forces of the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order in the Battle of Durbe in 1260 , the Prussians rose against their conquerors once again . Prussian tribes agreed to cooperate and elected their leaders . The Great Prussian Uprising started on September 20 , 1260 . The Teutonic Order called crusaders from Germany and Poland for help and the first large army of reinforcements arrived in January 1261 . The army was split into two groups : one , led by the Count of Barby , to operate in Sambia and the other , under the leadership of the Count of Reyden , to operate in Natangia . The Teutonic group in Natangia met little resistance and split into two groups so that they could cover a larger territory more effectively . Though a common practice , it was a tactical mistake , because Herkus Monte , the leader of the Natangians , had been educated in Germany and expected this development . As soon as one group departed , he attacked and defeated the other . The first group had to retreat . The very next day the Teutonic group dispatched to Sambia was also defeated . This way the first wave of Teutonic reinforcements was wiped out and the Knights were in distress . The uprising spread further and intensified .