naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Dartmouth ( 1655 ) HMS " Dartmouth " was a small frigate or fifth - rate ship , one of six ordered by the Council of State on 28 December 1654 and built in 1655 . After a lengthy career in the Royal Navy , she was wrecked in the Sound of Mull on 9 October 1690 , while on a mission to persuade the MacLeans of Duart to sign Articles of Allegiance to William and Mary . The wrecksite was identified in 1973 by divers from Bristol . The wrecksite was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 11 April 1974 and redesignated on 25 June 1992 .
Wolfgang Jörchel Wolfgang Roman Christian Theodor Jörchel ( 9 August 1907 – 12 May 1945 ) was a Standartenführer ( Colonel ) in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , for extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Wolfgang Roman Christian Theodor Jörchel was born on 9 August 1907 , in Zabrze in Silesia , his father was a Leutnant in the army who was killed in action near Tarnawka on the Eastern Front in 1914 . After he completed his secondary school education he went onto study the Russian language at the university of Breslau . In May 1934 , he became a sports leader in the Hitler Youth and also joined the SA remaining an active member until June 1935 , when he left only to later join the SS - VT in October 1935 , with the rank of Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) . He was posted to the SS - Junkerschule at Bad Tölz in 1937 , as an machine gun instructor and then joined the SS Standarte ( Regiment ) " Deutschland " and participated in the Anschluss of Austria and the occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938 . World War II . In World War II he was in the SS Standarte " Germania " during the Polish Campaign where he was awarded the Iron Cross II class . His Iron Cross I class was awarded for his actions during the Battle of France . In December 1940 , he was given command of the II / Battalion , SS " Germania " . This was followed by command of the SS Panzergrenadier Regiment 23 " Norge " and the SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Regiment 48 " General Seyffardt " , 23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division " Nederland " . He was awarded his Knight ' s Cross when in command of the " General Seyffardt " in April 1944 . For his actions during the Battle for Narva Bridgehead ; After a feint attack towards Nordland ' s positions , the Russian commander directed his forces at the " General Seyffardt " regiment , holding the centre of the line . The regiment was forced from its positions , but a counterattack led by Jörchel retook the defensive works and averted a Soviet breakthrough . His final command was the SS - Junkerschule in Prague in May 1945 , where he was captured by the Czechs and killed on 12 May 1945 .
Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja ( Hindi : क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा ) was the regimental quick march of the Subhas Chandra Bose ' s Indian National Army . Composed by Ram Singh Thakur , the song has since became a patriotic song in India , and is also currently the regimental quickmarch of the Indian Army . Lyrics . More Poetic lyrics ( not official ) " ' March , March on forward < br > With pleasure - songs onward . < br > Life belongs to the land . < br > You Better die than Backward . " ' ( Refrain ) Indian tigers , spring ahead < br > Save thy nation than thy head . < br > Striking terror among enemies < br > To thee is feather - bed . Thy valor is again free < br > Thy Almighty graces thee . < br > Thy Enemy at the front < br > Sinks down on his knee . " To Delhi " be thy Battle Cry , < br > hoisting thy standard high . < br > Fluttering atop the Lalquila < br > Let it fly , let it fly .
Frederick Charles Riggs Frederick Charles Riggs ( 28 July 1888 – 1 October 1918 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . He was born in Springbourne , Bournemouth , and was adopted by Mrs G . Burgum when he was about five years old . He grew up in Charminster and was one of three VC winners from Charminster . Details . Riggs was 30 years old , and a Sergeant in the 6th Battalion , The York and Lancaster Regiment , British Army during the First World War at the battle of the Canal du Nord when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 1 October 1918 near Epinoy , France , Sergeant Riggs , having led his platoon through strong uncut wire under severe fire , continued straight on and although losing heavily from flanking fire , succeeded in reaching his objective , where he captured a machine - gun . Later he handled two captured guns with great effect and caused 50 of the enemy to surrender . Subsequently , when the enemy again advanced in force , Sergeant Riggs cheerfully encouraged his men exhorting them to resist to the last , and while doing so was killed . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The York & Lancaster Regiment Museum , Rotherham , South Yorkshire , England .
Architonnerre The Architonnerre was a steam - powered cannon , a description of which is found in the papers of Leonardo da Vinci dating to the late 15th century , although he attributes its invention to Archimedes in the 3rd century BC . Leonardo ' s description was hidden amongst his papers until it was rediscovered by Étienne - Jean Delécluze of the French Institute in 1838 and published in the magazine " L ' Artiste " in 1841 , well after the modern high pressure steam engine had been independently invented . Description of operation . The following is the most likely means of operation from the description given . Leonardo ' s own description . Account from the " Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle " , 1842 : The Steam - Engine . — M . Delecluze has lately made a discovery among the manuscripts of Leonardo da Vinci , carrying back a knowledge of the steam - engine to at least as far back as the 15th century . He has published in the " Artiste " a notice on the life of Leonardo da Vinci , to which he adds a fac - simile of a page from one of his manuscripts , and on which are five sketches with the pen , representing the details of the apparatus of a steam - gun , with an explanatory note upon what he designates under the name of the " " Architonnerre " , " and of which note the following is a translation : — " Invention of Archimedes . — The " Architonnerre " is a machine of fine copper , which throws balls with a loud report and great force . It is used in the following manner : — One third of this instrument contains a large quantity of charcoal fire . When the water is well heated , a screw at the top of the vessel which contains the water must be made quite tight . On closing the screw above , all the water will escape below , will descend into the heated portion of the instrument , and be immediately converted into a vapour so abundant and powerful , that it is wonderful to see its fury and hear the noise it produces . This machine will carry a ball of a talent in , weight . " It is worthy of remark that Leonardo da Vinci - far from claiming the merit of this invention for himself or the men of his time - attributes it to Archimedes . The weight of the cannonball is described as one talent . A Roman talent was 32 . 3 kilograms , although the amount varied across the ancient world by a few kilos .
Deputy Director of the National Security Agency The Deputy Director of the National Security Agency is the highest - ranking civilian within the National Security Agency ( NSA ) and the Central Security Service ( CSS ) . The Deputy Director reports to the Director of the NSA and is required to be a technically experienced civilian . The current deputy director is Mr . John C . ( Chris ) Inglis . NSA deputy directors . Deputy directors of AFSA . The Armed Forces Security Agency ( AFSA ) was the predecessor to the NSA . < nowiki > * < / nowiki > " From November 1950 to April 1951 , there was a Deputy Director for each service . "
Western District Army ( Japan ) The was a regional command of the Imperial Japanese Army ( equivalent to a field army ) responsible for the defense of the Kantō region and western Honshū , Shikoku and Kyūshū during the Pacific War . It was one of the regional commands in the Japanese home islands reporting to the General Defense Command . History . The Western District Army was established on 2 August 1937 as part of the regional realignment of the Imperial Japanese Army as the . It was essentially a home guard and garrison responsible for recruitment and civil defense . On 1 August 1940 , it was renamed again as the , which became the Western District Army on 1 February 1945 . The Western District Army existed concurrently with the Japanese 16th Area Army and the Japanese 15th Area Army , which were tasked with organizing the final defenses of Kyūshū and Shikoku against the expected American invasion of the Japanese home islands . The Western District Army assumed all administrative functions , whereas the individual area armies were operational combat commands . The Western District Army remained active for several months after the surrender of Japan to help maintain public order until the arrival of the American occupation forces , and to oversee the final demobilization and dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Army .
Amakusa Shirō Biography . The son of former Konishi clan retainer ( according to some sources , Shirō may have been the illegitimate son of Toyotomi Hideyori ) , Shirō was born in modern - day Kami - Amakusa , Kumamoto in a Catholic family . The charismatic 15 - year - old was known to his followers as " heaven ' s messenger . " Miraculous powers were attributed to him . Shiro led the defence of Hara Castle and defeated the strongest of the Shogunate attackers in a series of coordinated defensive surges . But , because the rebel force had no logistical support , their morale was seriously weakened in the following days . Shiro displayed posters in the castle in an attempt to enhance the morale of rebel force , saying " Now , those who accompany me in being besieged in this castle , will be my friends unto the next world . " But a rebel soldier , Yamada Uemonsaku , betrayed Shiro and notified the Shogunate of the truth that rebel food supplies were becoming strained . The Shogunate forces performed a final assault , taking Hara Castle in the process . The Shogunate forces massacred almost 40 , 000 rebels , including women and children . Yamada , who previously betrayed his fellow rebels , was the only recorded survivor . Shiro was executed in the aftermath of the fall , his head being displayed on a pike in Nagasaki for an extended period of time afterward as a warning to any other potential Christian rebels . His final words were : " I shall return after 100 years and take my revenge . " Even now , many Japanese Christians consider Shiro as a saint , but the Roman Catholic Church has not officially listed him as such .
Italian Co - Belligerent Navy The Italian Co - Belligerent Navy ( Marina Cobelligerante Italiana ) , or Navy of the South ( Marina del Sud ) or Royal Navy ( Regia Marina ) , was the navy of the Italian royalist forces fighting on the side of the Allies in southern Italy after the Allied armistice with Italy in September 1943 . The Italian seamen fighting for this navy no longer fought for Italian dictator Benito Mussolini . Their allegiance was to King Victor Emmanuel and Marshal of Italy ( " Maresciallo d ' Italia " ) Pietro Badoglio , the men who ousted Mussolini . The Italian Navy played an important role once the armistice was signed . Altogether , five battleships , eight cruisers , thirty - three destroyers , thirty - nine submarines , twelve motor torpedo boats , twenty escorts , and three mine - layers joined the Italian Co - Belligerent Navy . There were additionally four squadrons of seaplanes from the Italian Royal Air Force ( " Regia Aeronautica " ) .
German submarine U - 272 German submarine " U - 272 " was a type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German Kriegsmarine in World War II . She was laid down on 28 November 1941 , launched on 15 August 1942 and commissioned on 7 October that year under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Heinz Hepp . She served in the 8th U - boat flotilla , a training unit and never reached operational status . She was sunk after colliding with " U - 634 " on 12 November 1942 . 29 of her crew died and there were 19 survivors .
Finnish 4th Division ( Winter War ) The 4th Division was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Winter War . It was part of the II Corps ( " II AK " ) which fought on the Karelian Isthmus . The 4th Division was responsible for the front between the Gulf of Finland and Viipuri . r
Conscript Academic Officer Conscript Academic Officer ( Norwegian : Vernepliktig akademisk befal ( VAB ) ) is an arrangement by the Norwegian Military where academics within different professions ( doctors , psychologists , pharmacists , dentists etc . ) serve their conscription after completing their education . They will then receive lieutenant ranking when they start their military service .
Axel Bruns Dr . jur . Axel Bruns ( 7 June 1915 – 21 April 1990 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Brécourt Brécourt was a Nazi Germany bunker started inside an underground French Naval oil storage facility . On July 7 , 1943 , the site was ordered to be completed as a V - 2 rocket launch facility . Early in 1944 , the facility was converted to a V - 1 flying bomb launch facility and subsequently completed . The military installation was virtually undetectable by aerial observation , although the 387th Bombardment Group records indicate Operation Crossbow bombing of the " Martinvast V - 1 site " on November 11 , 1943 . The Allies captured the site a few days before July 4 , 1944 , and both Dwight Eisenhower and Winston Churchill subsequently visited the facility – the latter reportedly dropping an apple he was eating in astonishment of the massive facility . Notes . The location for the photo of Eisenhower on the stairs has also been identified as Söttevast .
Bernard Epton Bernard Epton ( August 25 , 1921 – December 13 , 1987 ) was an American politician who served in the Illinois House of Representatives . In 1983 he lost a close and contentious election for Mayor of Chicago ; he would have become the city ' s first Jewish mayor , and its first Republican mayor since William " Big Bill " Thompson was defeated in 1931 . Epton served in the U . S . Army Air Force during World War II . He flew twenty - five missions over Germany and twice earned the Distinguished Flying Cross . During the postwar years , Epton became a successful attorney specializing in insurance law . A graduate of the University of Chicago and DePaul University College of Law , he was an unsuccessful progressive Republican candidate for U . S . Representative from Illinois ' 2nd congressional district in 1960 , losing to Democratic incumbent Barratt O ' Hara . Known for being witty and occasionally sharp - tongued , Epton was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1968 and served from 1969 to 1983 . He chaired the chamber ' s Insurance Committee . A resident of the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago , Epton ran against the liberal African American Democrat Harold Washington in the mayoral election in the spring of 1983 . In a racially charged election , Epton came within 40 , 000 votes ( of 1 . 2 million cast ) of defeating the Democratic nominee . His total was the high - water mark for Chicago Republicans in elections for mayor in the heavily Democratic city . Epton received 81 percent of the votes of Chicago whites , and 3 percent from blacks . One of Epton ' s campaign slogans was " Epton for mayor . . . Before it ' s too late " , which critics declared had racial overtones . By his own account , Epton was highly uncomfortable with the racially - oriented nature of his campaign , and had actually been an active participant in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s . After his defeat , Epton briefly returned to private life . Four years after the mayoral election , and less than three weeks after Mayor Washington died suddenly of a heart attack , Epton himself suffered a coronary and died in Ann Arbor , Michigan , aged 66 . Epton was there visiting his son Jeff , a socialist Ann Arbor city councilman . References . Kotlowitz , Alex . " The Other Guy . " " This American Life " ep . # 376 " The Wrong Side of History . " Public Radio International . 15 March 2009 . www . thislife . org / Radio _ Episode . aspx ? episode = 376 .
USS Refresh ( AM - 287 ) USS " Refresh " ( AM - 287 ) was an Admirable - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters , and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean . Post - war , her crew returned home proudly with two battle stars to their credit . The ship itself was given to the Nationalist Chinese Navy . Career . " Refresh " , a minesweeper , was laid down 22 September 1943 by the General Engineering & Dry Dock Company , of Alameda , California , launched 12 April 1944 , sponsored by Miss Muriel Maddox of San Francisco , California ; and , commissioned 10 April 1945 , Lt . W . Turner in command . Following a Pacific coast shakedown out of San Pedro , California , " Refresh " reported to Commander in Chief , Pacific for duty 9 June 1945 . After a call at Pearl Harbor , she departed 1 July for Okinawa via Eniwetok and Guam . Arriving Buckner Bay 31 July , she joined Commander , Mine Squadron 15 and began minesweeping operations in the Okinawa area 13 August . The last week of August she swept the approaches to Jinsen , Korea , and operated in the Yellow Sea through 7 September . During the remainder of September , " Refresh " assisted task group TG 52 . 3 in minesweeping operations in the East China Sea approaches to Nagasaki and Sasebo , Japan , and in the Goto Archipelago , primarily in the area of Fukse , southwest of Kyūshū . Arriving Sasebo 1 October , " Refresh " was assigned several hydrographic missions , conducting soundings in shoal waters southwest of Kagoshima , Kyūshū , Japan . After upkeep in Sasebo , she continued to operate in Japanese waters through the new year . Calling at Pearl Harbor 8 – 26 March 1946 , " Refresh " then proceeded to San Pedro , California , arriving 4 April . Designated for transfer to the Chinese Navy 29 April 1946 , she sailed for Subic Bay , Philippine Islands 17 September , decommissioned there 9 November 1946 , was delivered to the Chinese 30 June 1948 , and struck from the Navy list 13 July 1948 . She served in the Navy of the Republic of China as Yung Chang ( AM 51 ) . She was struck from the Naval Register , 13 July 1948 and was reported sunk off Southern China 14 November 1965 . " Refresh " received two battle stars for World War II service .
Battle of Kock ' s Plantation The Battle of Kock ’ s Plantation ( also spelled Cox ’ s Plantation and Saint Emma Plantation ) was a battle fought July 12 – 13 , 1863 , in Ascension Parish , Louisiana , during the American Civil War . It was part of a campaign entitled " Taylor ' s Operations in West Louisiana ( 1863 ) . " The Confederate States Army victory left them in control of much of the interior of the Acadiana region . Following the surrender of Port Hudson , two Union divisions were shifted to Donaldsonville by transports , to move inland and pacify the interior . They marched up Bayou Lafourche , a division on each bank . Confederate Brig . Gen . Tom Green posted a brigade on the east side of the bayou and placed his second brigade on the other side . As the Union forces advanced , skirmish ing occurred on July 11 and 12 . On the morning of the 13th , a foraging detachment set out along both banks of the bayou . Upon reaching Kock ’ s Plantation ( Saint Emma Plantation ) , they met Rebel skirmishers that forced them back . Then , Green ' s Confederates flung their might against the Union troops , which kept retiring although they tried to make stands at various points . The Union troops eventually fell back to the protection of the guns in Fort Butler at Donaldsonville , about six miles from Kock ’ s Plantation . A much smaller Rebel force had routed the Yankees . The expedition failed , leaving the Confederates in control of the interior . Estimated casualties : 463 total ( US 430 ; CS 33 ) The restored plantation home , built in 1847 by a leading sugar planter , is maintained as a private museum filled with period furnishings . It is located on Highway 1 South near Donaldsonville .
Battle of Ba ' rin In the Battle of Ba ' rin ( Mont Ferrand ) in 1137 , a Crusader force commanded by King Fulk of Jerusalem was scattered and defeated by Zengi , the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo . This setback resulted in the permanent loss of the Crusader castle of Baarin . Background . When Zengi became ruler of Mosul in 1127 and Aleppo in 1128 , the Crusaders were faced with a dangerous opponent . For several years afterward , Zengi gained power at the expense of neighboring Muslim states . By occasionally allying itself with the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem , the Muslim emirate of Damascus successfully resisted Zengi ' s efforts to conquer that city . Battle . In early 1137 , Zengi invested the castle of Ba ' rin , about 10 miles northwest of Homs . When King Fulk marched with his host to raise the siege , his army was attacked and scattered by Zengi ' s forces . Nothing is known about the battle . The Christian chronicler William of Tyre " gave no tactical information , and neither did the Arab historians . " After their defeat , Fulk and some of the survivors took refuge in Ba ' rin castle , which Zengi surrounded again . " When they ran out of food they ate their horses , and then they were forced to ask for terms . " Meanwhile , large numbers of Christian pilgrims had rallied to the army of Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus , Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin II of Edessa . With this host approaching the castle , Zengi suddenly granted Fulk and the other besieged Franks terms . In return for their freedom and evacuation of the castle , a ransom was set at 50000 dinar . The Franks , unaware of the imminent arrival of the large relieving army , accepted Zengi ' s offer . Aftermath . In April 1137 , John Comnenus laid siege to Shaizar but his efforts came to nothing when Zengi relieved the city in May . Ba ' rin was never recovered by the Franks .
James I . Finley James I . Finley is the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology in the United States Department of Defense . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 19 , 2006 . The following statement was issued by the White House on December 19 , 2005 : The President intends to nominate James I . Finley , of Minnesota , to be Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology . Mr . Finley currently serves as President of The Finley Group , LLC , a consulting company he formed in 2002 . Prior to this , he was President and Chief Executive Officer of SMARTSKIN , Inc . Mr . Finley has served in a managerial capacity for General Electric , Singer , Lear Siegler , United Technologies and General Dynamics , where he was a Corporate Officer , President of Information Systems and Chair of the Business Development Council . Mr . Finley received his bachelor ' s degree from the Milwaukee School of Engineering and his master ' s degree from California State University Fresno .