naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Grupo Colina Grupo Colina was a paramilitary anti - communist death squad created in Peru that was active from 1990 until 1994 , during the administration of Alberto Fujimori . The group is known for committing several human rights abuses , including the Barrios Altos massacre , the La Cantuta massacre , and the Santa massacre . Background . In 1980 , Peruvian Maoist Abimael Guzman launched a guerrilla war with his group Shining Path . This war , as well as a war launched by the leftist group known as the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement continued into the 1990s , when Alberto Fujimori was elected president . It was then that suspected guerrillas and civilians began dying at the hands of Grupo Colina . The Grupo Colina , believed to be mandated by Fujimori , victimized trade unions and activists that spoke out against the Peruvian government , by intimidation or sometimes murder . Investigations . When the Democratic Constitutional Congress investigated the La Cantuta massacre , Nicolás Hermoza Ríos , Commander General of the Armed Forces , put tank s on the streets and declared that he would not tolerate the Congress insulting the armed forces . The Congress largely backed down . Later , some members of Grupo Colina were put on trial . Fujimori signed a controversial law that granted amnesty to anyone accused of , tried for , convicted of , or sentenced for human rights violations that were committed by the armed forces or police . When a court found this law unconstitutional , Fujimori signed a new law removing the right of judicial review over amnesty laws . This second law was known as the " Barrios Altos Law " because it ensured that those members of Grupo Colina who committed the Barrios Altos massacre would be freed . Eventually , the Inter - American Court of Human Rights struck down both amnesty laws . Since the collapse of the Fujimori government , several people have been tried for Grupo Colina ' s crimes , including Fujimori himself , who was tried and convicted for the La Cantuta massacre and the Barrios Altos massacre . Testimony in defense of Fujimori has been offered by group leaders , Jesús Sosa Saavedra and Santiago Martin Rivas , who claim that Fujimori was an unwitting participant in the Grupo Colina ' s actions . Other trials have established that Grupo Colina was not an informal group of renegade officers but an organic part of the Peruvian state . Julio Salazar , former " de jure " chief of the National Intelligence Service ( SIN ) , was sentenced to thirty - five years of prison for his role in the La Cantuta massacre . During Salazar ' s tenure at the SIN , Vladimiro Montesinos was the " de facto " SIN chief and national security advisor . Montesinos is currently imprisoned in the Callao Military Prison outside of Lima and faces over seventy trials for various human rights abuses , as well as charges of arms trafficking , drug trafficking , and political corruption . The operational chief of Grupo Colina , Santiago Martín Rivas , is also imprisoned .
Mexican Border Service Medal The Mexican Border Service Medal was a decoration of the United States military which was established by an act of the United States Congress on July 9 , 1918 . The decoration recognizes those military service members who performed military service on the U . S . - Mexico border between the dates of January 1 , 1916 and April 6 , 1917 , a period of time where the US - Mexico border was perceived to be threatened by a suggested German - funded invasion ( discovered by the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram ) . To be awarded the Mexican Border Service Medal , a service member must have served with the United States Army , along the Mexican border , or must have been assigned as a Regular or National Guard member to the Mexican Border Patrol . Those who had received the Mexican Service Medal were not eligible for the Mexican Border Service Medal . The Mexican Border Service Medal held dual status as both a Federal award and a decoration of the United States National Guard . The Texas National Guard created a similar decoration , known as the Texas Cavalry Service Medal , and permitted Texas Guardsman to receive both the Border Service and the Cavalry Service Medal for the same period of duty .
Battle of Slankamen The Battle of Slankamen ( also " Battle of Szlankamen " in some sources ) was fought near Slankamen in the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia ( modern - day Vojvodina region , Serbia ) on August 19 , 1691 , between the Ottoman Empire , and the forces of Austria and states of the Holy Roman Empire as part of the Great Turkish War . The Ottomans had suffered partial military collapse against the Austrians in the 1680s , most notably at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 , and the loss of Belgrade to Maximilian II of Bavaria in 1688 and Bosnia in 1689 . However , with the beginning of the Nine Years War in the west , the early 1690s were to see an end to Habsburg conquests in the Balkans and a partial Ottoman recovery . Many German troops were withdrawn from the east to fight King Louis ' French forces on the Rhine , encouraging the Ottomans , led by the Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha , to continue the war . The Ottomans managed to retake Belgrade and most of present - day Serbia . In August 1691 , Louis William , Margrave of Baden - Baden had been able to gather an army of 50 , 000 and marched south to provoke the Ottomans into another major battle , similar to the Battle of Mohács ( 1687 ) , after which all the lost territory could be retaken . The clash between the two forces took place on the west side of the Danube , opposite the outlet of the Tisa . Both armies deployed near Zemun , but the superior Ottoman army at first didn ' t attack for two days . Then Baden - Baden tried to provoke the attack , by withdrawing slowly to a fortified position near Slankamen . The Ottomans followed and surrounded the Austrian army . By August 19 , the heat , disease and desertion had reduced both armies to 33 , 000 and 50 , 000 able men . On that day the Ottoman cavalry finally attacked . But these were unorganized charges ; despite huge but poorly armed forces the Ottomans were no match for the firepower of Louis of Baden ' s German and Austrian infantry and field guns . Additionally , the Ottoman ' s supply system was incapable of waging a long war on the empty expanses of the Pannonian plain . Louis of Baden broke out of his position , besieged by the Ottomans , and turned their flanks with his cavalry , inflicting fearful carnage . After a hard battle , the 20 , 000 - man Austrian army with 10 , 000 Serbian Militia led by Jovan Monasterlija was victorious over the larger Ottoman force . Amongst the Ottoman forces killed in battle was the Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha . The Battle of Slankamen was the last battle in the Great Turkish War ( 1683 – 1697 ) that could have turned the war in favour of the Ottomans . Austrian victory was now inevitable . The Ottoman defeat at Slankamen eventually led to the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 . A was built in Slankamen to commemorate the Austrian victory .
Rudi Linz Rudi Linz ( 14 February 1917 – 9 February 1945 ) was a Luftwaffe ( German air force ) fighter ace during the Second World war . Linz was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross for a total of 70 aerial victories claimed . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . On 9 February 1945 Linz was shot down and killed in action flying Focke Wulf Fw 190A - 8 ( " Werknummer " 732183 — factory number ) in defense of the German destroyer Z33 in an operation which was later labeled as Black Friday by the Allied aircrew . Linz claimed his 70th and final aerial victory in this engagement over a North American P - 51 Mustang possibly from No . 65 Squadron RAF . The Fw 190A - 8 flown by Linz in his last combat still exists , and is being restored by the Texas Air Museum in San Antonio , Texas to at least display status , as of 2011 .
George P . Broussard George Patout Broussard , Sr . ( September 17 , 1916 – August 30 , 1977 ) , was a decorated World War II United States Army officer , the son of a United States senator , and a veterinarian from New Iberia , Louisiana , who conducted important research on the diseases anaplasmosis and brucellosis . Broussard was born in New Iberia , the seat of Iberia Parish in the sugar - producing region of south Louisiana , to Senator Edwin Sidney Broussard , I , and the former Marie C . Patout . He was also a paternal nephew of U . S . Senator Robert F . Broussard of New Iberia . He was educated in Washington , D . C . , New Iberia High School , and Texas A & M University in College Station , where he received his D . V . M . degree . He was activated on June 29 , 1941 , as a first lieutenant , Fourth Corps ( Cavalry ) at Fort Bragg , North Carolina . He was subsequently stationed in the South Pacific in New Caledonia and later in San Antonio . He was discharged on December 13 , 1945 , with the rank of major . He was awarded both the Bronze Star and the Asiatic Pacific Theater Ribbon in the Guadalcanal and Coral Sea campaign . In 1946 , Dr . Broussard resumed his practice of veterinary medicine in New Iberia . On June 21 , 1947 , he married the former Flora Therese Schwing of New Iberia , the daughter of John Elmer Schwing , an attorney and banker , and the former Anna Blanchet . The couple had six sons : George P . , Jr . ( born 1949 ) , Edwin S . , III ( born 1951 ) , Thomas S . ( born 1953 ) , Daniel S . ( born 1954 ) , Kenneth J . S . ( born 1961 ) , and Ben Jacques ( born 1963 ) . Broussard was a member of the Boy Scouts Evangeline Council , the American and Louisiana veterinary medical associations , the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Board of Examiners , the Iberia Cattleman ' s Association , and the Attakapas Historical Association . Dr . Broussard was a member of St . Peter ' s Catholic Church in New Iberia . He died in New Iberia and is interred in the Holy Family Cemetery Mausoleum there . References . " George Patout Broussard " , " A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography " , Vol . 1 ( 1988 ) , p . 114
Helmut Mahlke Helmut Mahlke ( 27 August 1913 – 26 December 1998 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Żaglowiec Group The Żaglowiec Group ( Polish : " Zgrupowanie Żaglowiec " ) ( " Sailing - ship Group " ) - a group of conspiracy military units of Armia Krajowa in the Sub - district II of Żoliborz in Żoliborz of Warsaw during the German occupation of Poland . They fought in the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 . Organisation . Commander - captain Marian Kamiński pseudonym . " Żaglowiec " , Course of combat in the Warsaw Uprising 1944 . The group waged fights in Żoliborz : of the Warsaw Citadel , Forty Traugutta ( " Traugutt ' s Forts " ) , Plac Inwalidów and Żoliborz Oficerski ( " Officers ' Żoliborz " ) . A significant effort of " Żaglowiec Group " were two unsuccessful night attacks on the Warsaw Gdańsk Station done in the night from to , during an attempt of military units from Kampinos forest to fight their way to relieve the falling Warsaw Old Town . Human losses of the group amounted to 24 % of killed and 21 % wounded .
120 mm Italian naval gun Italian 120 millimetre naval guns were standard main armament on Italian destroyers . The " Leone " class had the M1918 / 19 Pattern , but this was superseded by the O . T . O . 1926 Pattern for the " Sella " , " Sauro " and " Turbine " classes . The Navigatori class introduced the improved 50 calibre Ansaldo 1926 Pattern .
RPG - 40 The RPG - 40 was an anti - tank hand grenade developed by the Soviet Union in 1940 . Its anti - tank capability came from blast effect produced by the detonation upon contact of 760 grams of explosive contained in it . This effect enabled about 20 mm of armour to be penetrated , and secondary damage , such as spall ing , by contact with thicker armour . This made the grenade very effective against earlier German tanks , but ineffective against later models , such as the Panzer IV and the Panzer V , leading to the RPG - 43 replacing it in 1943 .
Kosmos 1348 Kosmos 1348 ( meaning " Cosmos 1348 " ) was a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1982 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1348 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 13 : 42 UTC on 7 April 1982 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1982 - 029A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 13124 .
BL 18 inch railway howitzer The British Ordnance BL 18 inch howitzer on truck , railway was developed during World War I as part of the progression of ever - larger howitzers on the Western Front , but did not enter service until 1920 . History . Five guns and two complete equipments on railway wagons were produced . After World War I there was no use for such large but relatively short - ranged weapons and they were placed in storage . In World War II the two wagons were used to mount 13 . 5 inch guns , which were capable of engaging targets on the German - occupied Channel coast of France . In late 1940 one 18 - inch howitzer was mounted on the railway mounting Boche Buster which had been used in World War I to carry a 14 - inch gun . It was deployed at Bishopsbourne in Kent on the Elham to Canterbury Line as a coast defence gun as a precaution against possible German invasion . The gun ' s range was insufficient for cross - Channel firing and hence it was never fired in action . Survivors . A single gun barrel , number one , survives . In 2008 the weapon was put on display at the Royal Artillery headquarters at Larkhill . In March 2013 it was loaned to the " Spoorwegmuseum " , the Dutch national rail museum . In September 2013 it was moved to the Royal Armouries artillery museum at Fort Nelson , Hampshire . It is mounted on a proofing carriage , a gun carriage with very limited elevation and traverse intended for test firing .
Noel Abrigo Coballes Lieutenant General Noel A . Coballes ( born February 7 , 1958 ) is a Filipino Lieutenant General and a two - time Distinguished Conduct Star recipient for combat actions in Maguindanao , and thrice recipient of Distinguished Service Star . He also was awarded five Gold Cross Medal s , two Bronze Cross Medal s , and more than one Military Merit Medal s . He is the incumbent Commanding General of the Philippine Army . Biography . He graduated from Philippine Military Academy in 1980 . In 1995 he led four different groups of Task Group Panthers in Basilan which liquidated numerous of Abu Sayyaf ' s terrorists which were accused of kidnaping of civilians . From 1997 to 2000 , he was in charge of the 2nd Scout Ranger Battalion in both Maguindanao and North Cotabato . From 2001 to 2002 he led Filipino Peacekeeping Unit which was under the United Nations command in East Timor which made it to be an independent state . During the same years he also was in charge of the 1st Infantry Division in Basilan and 10th Infantry Division in Davao . From 1983 to 1984 , he participated in both 1st Scout Ranger Regiment and Special Operations Command . From October 19 , 2012 , to January 22 , 2013 he served as a Vice Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines , before assuming his current position as Commanding General of the Philippine Army .
John W . Minick John W . Minick ( June 14 , 1908 – November 21 , 1944 ) , born in Wall , Pennsylvania , near East McKeesport in Allegheny County , to immigrant Serbian parents . He was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions during the Battle of Hürtgen Forest in World War II . Minick joined the Army from Carlisle , Pennsylvania in August 1943 , and by November 21 , 1944 was serving as a Staff Sergeant in Company I , 121st Infantry Regiment , 8th Infantry Division . On that day , inside German defenses of Hürtgen and Vossenack , Germany , Minick voluntarily led a small group of men through a minefield , single - handedly silenced two enemy machine gun emplacements , and engaged a company - sized force of German soldiers before he was killed while crossing a second minefield . For these actions , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . Minick , aged 36 at his death , was buried at Westminster Cemetery in Carlisle , Pennsylvania . Medal of Honor citation . Staff Sergeant Minick ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his own life , above and beyond the call of duty , in action involving actual conflict with the enemy on 21 November 1944 , near Hurtgen , Germany . S / Sgt . Minick ' s battalion was halted in its advance by extensive minefields , exposing troops to heavy concentrations of enemy artillery and mortar fire . Further delay in the advance would result in numerous casualties and a movement through the minefield was essential . Voluntarily , S / Sgt . Minick led 4 men through hazardous barbed wire and debris , finally making his way through the minefield for a distance of 300 yards . When an enemy machinegun opened fire , he signaled his men to take covered positions , edged his way alone toward the flank of the weapon and opened fire , killing 2 members of the guncrew and capturing 3 others . Moving forward again , he encountered and engaged single - handedly an entire company killing 20 Germans and capturing 20 , and enabling his platoon to capture the remainder of the hostile group . Again moving ahead and spearheading his battalion ' s advance , he again encountered machinegun fire . Crawling forward toward the weapon , he reached a point from which he knocked the weapon out of action . Still another minefield had to be crossed . Undeterred , S / Sgt . Minick advanced forward alone through constant enemy fire and while thus moving , detonated a mine and was instantly killed .
827th Bombardment Squadron The 827th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 484th Bombardment Group at Casablanca Airport , French Morocco , where it was inactivated on 25 July 1945 . History . Activated as the 41st Bombardment Squadron in January 1941 at Langley Field , Virginia , one of the original squadrons of the 13th Bombardment Group . After the Attack on Pearl Harbor the squadron performed antisubmarine patrols off the Atlantic coast . The 41st was redesignated as the 5th Antisubmarine Squadron in late 1942 . After the Navy assumed full responsibility for the antisubmarine mission in August 1943 , the squadron was transferred to Second Air Force , where it was redesignated the 827th Bombardment Squadron and formed the cadre for a Consolidated B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment group . After training , the squadron deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in April 1944 , where it became part of Fifteenth Air Force in Southern Italy . Despite its Pathfinder designation , the squadron did not perform pathfinder missions . Instead it engaged in very long range strategic bombardment missions against enemy strategic targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , and the Balkans until April 1945 . The 827th bombed aircraft factories , assembly plants , oil refineries , storage areas , marshaling yards , airdromes , and other objectives until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . The squadron became part of Air Transport Command in May 1945 . It used B - 24s as transports flying personnel from locations in France and Italy to Casablanca , French Morocco . It also engaged in transport operations from North Africa to Azores or Dakar in French West Africa where personnel eventually were transported to Florida . The squadron inactivated in French Morocco during July 1945 .
ROF Ranskill The Royal Ordnance Factory ( ROF ) Ranskill was a United Kingdom Ministry of Supply , World War II , Explosive ROF . It was built to manufacture cordite and the site was located adjacent to what is now known as the East Coast Main Line railway at Ranskill , Nottinghamshire , just north of the town of Retford . Cordite production ceased in 1945 , but the site was retained by the ministry on " care and maintenance " basis for another 30 years . Few of the war - time buildings survive and site has been used as a waste disposal site for years . Construction and production . Approval for the construction of ROF Ranskill was given was granted in 1940 ; and it was built with the Ministry of Works acting as Agents . It was designed , as an almost self - contained , explosive factory producing Cordite , with its own acids plant . It was connected to the national railway network , with its own private sidings . It was the last Cordite - producing Royal Ordnance Factory to be built in the UK in World War II and was the smallest of the three Cordite ROFs , covering about . The other two being ROF Bishopton and ROF Wrexham . Cordite production at Ranskill commenced in March 1942 ; and the site took 18 months to reach maximum production . It employed , at maximum production , some 4 , 000 people . Care and maintenance . Production of cordite ceased in 1945 , at the end of World War II , but the site retained by the ROF organisation until 1975 on a " care and maintenance " basis , firstly under the administration of ROF Bishopton and in the latter years by ROF Bridgwater . Cocroft notes that an RDX plant was installed there sometime in the 1950s . The production plant at ROF Ranskill was broken up from 1975 with useful spares for ( presumably ) the RDX plant being sent to ROF Bridgwater before the site was handed over to what was to later to become the Defence Estates for disposal . The site has been " landscaped " with very few buildings surviving ; and has been used as a waste disposal site for some time .
James F . Collins General James Francis Collins ( September 2 , 1905 – January 22 , 1989 ) commanded the U . S . Army , Pacific from April 1961 until his retirement in 1964 , and was President of the American Red Cross from 1964 until 1970 . A graduate of the United States Military Academy , he gained his commission in 1927 into the Field Artillery . He later attended the National War College . He also worked in the Hawaiian Division before the outbreak of World War II , during which he served exclusively in the Pacific Theater . At the close of World War II , Collins commanded the I Corps Artillery in the Philippines and in Japan . From 1954 to 1957 he commanded the U . S . Army , Alaska . Afterward he commanded the 71st and 2nd Infantry Division s before his tour in Hawaii . Other significant assignments include serving on the faculty of the Army War College and as Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel , Department of the Army in Washington , D . C . . Collins was appointed President of the American Red Cross in 1964 , one month after retiring from the Army . During his tenure he enhanced Red Cross services to American military personnel in Vietnam and to military hospitals worldwide . Collins was born and raised in the Van Nest section of the Bronx . He died on January 22 , 1989 . See also . http : / / www . findagrave . com / cgi - bin / fg . cgi ? page = gr & GSmid = 47162573 & GRid = 47209381 &
Siege of Autun In 356 AD , Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate received a report that Augustodunum ( Autun ) was under attack by a group of Alamanni and that as a result of the poor state of repair of the walls , the city was in danger of falling . He marched to Autun and relieved the siege .