naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ulysses Doubleday ( general ) Ulysses Doubleday ( August 31 , 1824 – February 11 , 1893 ) was an American Union brevet brigadier general during the period of the American Civil War . He was the younger brother of the much more famous Civil War general Abner Doubleday and the son of congressman and War of 1812 veteran Ulysses F . Doubleday . He served as a major and commander of the 4th New York Heavy Artillery and on the staff of his brother . He later served with the 3rd United States Colored Troops and as colonel led the 45th United States Colored Troops . He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to March 1865 .
RAF Sumburgh RAF Sumburgh was located on the southern tip of the mainland island of the Shetland Islands , and was home to half of No . 404 Squadron RCAF , ( Royal Canadian Air Force ) . At the outbreak of the Second World War the airstrip at the Sumburgh Links was taken over by the Air Ministry . By 1941 there were 3 operational runways at RAF Sumburgh from which a variety of RAF aircraft operated . History . Sumburgh Links was surveyed and the grass strips laid out by Capt . E . E . Fresson in 1936 and the Airport was opened on 3 June of that year with the inaugural flight from Aberdeen ( Kintore ) by the de Havilland Dragon Rapide G - ACPN piloted by Cpatain Fresson himself . It was also one of the first airfields to have RDF facilities due to the frequency of low cloud and fog coupled with the proximity of Sumburgh Head . The building of runways was at the instigation of Capt Fresson who had proved to the Royal Navy at Hatson that to maintain all round landing facilities over the winter months runways were essential . This was taken up by the airforce after the obvious success of the Hatson ( Orkney ) experiment . The longest runway being 800 yards , and the shorter running a length of 600 yards from shore - line to shore - line . No . 404 Squadron operated Bristol Beaufighter Mark VI and X aircraft from this station on coastal raids against Axis shipping off the coast of Norway and in the North Sea . No . 404 Squadron pioneered the use of unguided rocket projectiles against enemy merchant shipping sailing off the Norwegian coast by launching joint strike attacks with No . 144 Squadron ( torpedo aircraft or ' Torbeaus ' ) from RAF Sumburgh and RAF Wick in 1943 and early 1944 . The following units were posted to the airfield at some point : Post war . Scheduled services continued during the war and , in 1946 , British European Airways started a scheduled service with Junkers 52 s and then Douglas DC - 3 s . The main runway was lengthened in the mid 1960s . Current use . The airfield , now called Sumburgh Airport , is owned by the Highlands and Islands Airports Limited , and commercial flights are served by Loganair and Highland Airways .
Economic militarism Economic militarism is the ideology surrounding the use of military expenditure to prop up an economy , or the use of military power to gain control or access to territory or other economic resources . Brief history of the term . The first important use dates from 1939 with " Germany Rampant : A Study in Economic Militarism " by Ernest Hambloch , a long - serving British diplomat . " Germany Rampant " " traces the philosophy of Nazism to the German mythological figures of ancient times . " Since this book the term has been used in connection with the ancient Aztecs , and with militaristic movements in a variety of cultures , and applies to the ideological and cultural aspects of a state , society or group that sustain the drive for hegemony or empire . For example Joseph Kenney applies the term to the Almoravids . In 2003 Clyde Prestowitz , of the Economic Strategy Institute published a book containing his analysis of what he called economic militarism in American foreign policy , that was reviewed in The Economist magazine .
Divisional Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Divisional Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located in Vlamertinge at Ypres on the Western Front . The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war . Foundation . The cemetery was founded in April 1915 . The cemetery contains the bodies of 23 troops of the 2nd Duke of Wellington ' s ( West Riding ) Regiment , killed when German forces attacked and took Hill 60 with the use of poison gas . Fighting then moved away from the Vlamertinge area , returning in July 1917 during the Third Battle of Ypres and causing the cemetery to be reopened . It was then used by artillery units until the line moved away again later that year . The cemetery was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens .
Otto Richard Kierulf Otto Richard Kierulf ( 29 January 1825 – 7 January 1897 ) was a Norwegian military officer , politician and sports administrator . He was the first leader of Centralforeningen for Udbredelse af Legemsøvelser og Vaabenbrug , first from 1861 to 1864 , and again from 1867 to 1869 . He was a member of Frederik Stang ' s cabinet from 1871 , as Prime Minister in Stockholm .
Sir George Dick - Lauder , 12th Baronet Sir George Andrew Dick Lauder , 12th Baronet of the Fountainhall creation ( 17 November 1917 - 11 August 1981 ) , was a British author and soldier . He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1958 on the death of his father Sir John North Dalrymple Dick - Lauder , 11th Baronet . Education . Dick - Lauder was educated at Stowe and the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . Originally of Fountainhall , his family sold that estate . Career . He served in the 1939 - 45 war in Palestine ; East Africa ; and the Middle East . He also served , with the 52nd Middle East Commandos , in Sudan and Crete ( where taken prisoner ) . He entered the Black Watch Regiment as a lieutenant in 1937 , and was promoted Major in 1945 . He served in Cyprus and Berlin , where his two sons were born , and was promoted second - in - command of the Black Watch ( 1955 - 1956 ) . He was then seconded as second - in command to the 11th battalion King ' s African Rifles in Nairobi ( 1957 - 1960 ) . He retired from the British Army in 1960 . Marriage and death . He died at Firth Mill House , Roslin , Scotland , having married on 13 November 1945 Hester Marguerite , daughter of Lieutenant - Colonel George Cecil Minett Sorel - Cameron , C . B . E . They had two sons and two daughters , Lauder being succeeded by his eldest son and heir Sir Piers Robert Dick - Lauder , 13th Baronet . Author . Lauder was the author of " Skull and Two Crystals " , " Let Soldiers Lust " , and " Our Man for Ganymede " . He was a member of Puffin ' s Club , Edinburgh , founded by his friend Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk , 11th Baronet .
Vertical volute spring suspension Vertical volute spring suspension is a type of vehicle suspension . It was chiefly used on US ( and Italian ) armoured fighting vehicles from the 1930s to after the end of the Second World War . Development . During the 1930s , many innovations in the components of light tank s would make US tanks considerably reliable . These included rubber - bushed tracks , rear mounted radial engines and the vertical volute spring suspension . A volute spring is a compression spring in the form of a cone ( a volute ) . Under compression the coils slide over each other , affording longer travel . The result is more stable and powerful than any leaf , coil , or torsion bar spring in the same volume . Mounted vertically in a road wheel bogie for a pair of road wheels in a tank made a very compact unit . The Rock Island Arsenal produced a small tank for the cavalry which used vertical volute spring suspension instead of leaf spring suspension . Standardized as the M1 Combat Car , it entered service with the US Army in 1937 . The design was used in the M2 light tank and subsequent Stuart tank series . Design features of the Stuart were scaled up for use in the first M2 medium tank s which would evolve into the more successful M3 Lee and M4 Sherman , all using the VVSS . Replacement . Battle experience showed a relatively short life of the original vertical volute spring suspension ( VVSS ) of the late models M3s due to the tank ' s increasing combat weight with larger guns and larger tracks . After mid - 1944 , M4A3 models of the Sherman adopted a newly developed Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension ( HVSS ) . This type of suspension involved springing the pair of dual road wheels on each bogie against each other with a volute spring . When the horizontal volute springs were placed in compression by either the front or rear bogie wheel arm , the load was transmitted to the opposite arm . This kept tension on the track . Compared to the vertical volute spring suspension which it replaced on the US M4 Sherman , HVSS was heavier , but stronger , allowed the changing of individual wheels , and increased wheel travel .
89th Indian Infantry Brigade The 89th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in October 1942 , at Bhiar Kund in India . The brigade was assigned to the 7th Indian Infantry Division and fought in the Burma Campaign . Apart from between May to June 1944 , when it was attached to the 5th Indian Infantry Division , the brigade remained with the 7th Division until the end of the war .
John Augustus Conolly Lieutenant Colonel John Augustus Conolly VC ( 30 May 1829 – 23 December 1888 ) , born in Celbridge , County Kildare , Ireland , was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 25 years old , and a lieutenant in the 49th Regiment of Foot , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 26 October 1854 at Sebastopol , the Crimea , an attack by the Russians was repulsed and the enemy fell back pursued by men of the 49th Regiment , led by Lieutenant Conolly , whose gallant behaviour was most conspicuous in this action . He ultimately fell , dangerously wounded , while in personal encounter with several Russians , in defence of his post . Further information . He was a younger son of Edward Michael Conolly MP by his wife Catherine Jane , daughter of Chambré Brabazon Ponsonby - Barker MP . Born in Ireland he was educated in England at King Edward ' s School , Birmingham . He later achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . He died in the magistrates house Curragh Camp , Co Kildare , 23 December 1888 and is buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery . By his wife Ida Charlotte , daughter of Edwyn Burnaby , he had several children . The medal . Conolly ' s Victoria Cross is displayed at The Grenadier Guards Regimental Headquarters in London . References . Listed in order of publication year
USNS Comet ( T - AK - 269 ) USNS " Comet " ( T - AK - 269 ) . later T - LSV - 7 , later T - AKR - 7 , is a vehicle landing ship built for the United States Navy . The lone ship of her class , she is named for the comet ( a luminous astronomical body , commonly with a long nebulous tail , and following a fixed orbit around the sun ) , and is the fourth U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . " Comet " was laid down 31 July 1957 under Maritime Administration contract ( MA hull 42 ) at Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company of Chester , Pennsylvania ; launched 31 July 1957 ; delivered to the Navy 27 January 1958 ; and placed in service under control of the Military Sealift Command ( MSC ) as cargo ship USNS " Comet " ( T - AK - 269 ) . Redesignated vehicle landing ship " T - LSV - 7 " on 1 January 1963 ; further redesignated vehicle cargo ship / roll - on / roll - off ship " AKR - 7 " ( date unknown ) . Transferred to MARAD , laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet , Suisun Bay , Benicia , California as a member of the MARAD Ready Reserve Force ( RRF ) . Removed from MSC control , withdrawn from the RRF by reassignment to the National Defense Reserve Fleet 28 July 2006 .
168th Military Police Battalion The 168th Military Police Battalion ( CS ) is a military police battalion of the United States Army based in Dyersburg , Tennessee . It is a subordinate unit of 194th Engineer Brigade and the Tennessee Army National Guard . On Order and in conjunction with State and local government agencies , provide logistical services , life support , and protection of human life in response to natural or man - made disasters . On Order , the 168th Military Police Battalion ( CS ) mobilizes and deploys to a contingency area and provides Command , Control and Coordination for the MP elements assigned or attached . A gold color metal and enamel device 1 and 1 / 8 inches in height overall consisting of three gold swords , hilts to base , one vertical between two crossed saltirewise , extending over the top of a green equilateral triangle pointed up and base concavely arched , and extending from the horizontal arms of a gold star at the apex above the sword a series of blue truncated pyramids with tops outward and forming a border on the left and right terminating at the sides of a gold scroll curved across the base inscribed " Serving , " all above a longer parallel gold scroll inscribed " Those Who Serve . " The organization served as Infantry in World War II . Blue , the color for Infantry is also the color of the Presidential Unit Citation streamer awarded the unit for action in penetrating the Siegfried Line , symbolized by the truncated pyramids simulating tank obstacles ( " Dragon ' s Teeth " ) . The gold swords over the truncated pyramids denote the French and Belgian awards . The five points of the star allude to the unit ' s participation in five campaigns , World War II , the colors green and yellow ( gold ) are used for the Military Police Corps .
USS Sigourney ( DD - 81 ) USS " Sigourney " ( DD – 81 ) was a " Wickes " class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I . She was the first ship named for James Butler Sigourney . " Sigourney " was laid down on 25 August 1917 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company , Quincy , Massachusetts , launched on 16 December 1917 , sponsored by Mrs . Granville W . Johnson , and commissioned on 15 May 1918 , Commander W . N . Vernon in command . Service history . United States Navy . On 27 May , " Sigourney " sailed from the United States escorting a troopship to France . On arrival at Brest , she was assigned to Commander Naval Forces , France ; and , for the remainder of World War I , she escorted convoys through the submarine danger zone extending approximately 500 miles west of Brest . During most of her convoys , " Sigourney " was the flagship of the screen commander but did not herself have any confirmed submarine contacts . After the armistice on 11 November , she performed miscellaneous duties in European waters , including service in early December as flagship of the four - destroyer screen that escorted on the middle part of that transport ' s voyage to carry President Woodrow Wilson from the United States to France for the Versailles Peace Conference . " Sigourney " sailed from Brest for the United States on 26 December 1918 and arrived at Boston on 8 January 1919 . After overhaul at Boston and summer training at Newport , " Sigourney " was placed in reserve status at Philadelphia on 1 November 1919 , and decommissioned there on 26 June 1922 . Royal Navy . " Sigourney " was recommissioned at Philadelphia on 23 August 1940 and sailed to Halifax , Nova Scotia . There , on 26 November , she was decommissioned and turned over to a Canadian care - and - maintenance party . Commissioned by the British as HMS " Newport " on 5 December , she was transferred as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement . " Sigourney " was struck from the Navy list on 8 January 1941 . After engine repairs in England , " Newport " operated on convoy duty as a unit of the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy from March 1941 to June 1942 . She then reverted to the British , and after repairs , served as an aircraft target ship from June 1943 until placed in reserve in January 1945 . " Newport " was scrapped at Granton , Scotland , on 18 February 1947 .
Wade Zirkle Wade Zirkle is a decorated American military veteran of the Iraq War . He is the founder and former executive director of the Vets For Freedom Action Fund , a political action committee ( PAC ) whose stated mission is to " help candidates - mostly combat veterans - who believe in achieving success in Iraq , Afghanistan , and the overall War on Terrorism , get elected to the United States Congress and other Federal positions . " Biography . Zirkle served two combat tours in Iraq as a U . S . Marine Corps infantry officer , first as a Light Armored Vehicle platoon commander with the 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion during the invasion of 2003 , and then as a rifle platoon commander with the 2nd Battalion 1st Marines in the First Battle of Fallujah in 2004 . During his second deployment to Iraq , he was badly burned as a result of an insurgent suicide bomb attack on a convoy he was in . He is a recipient of the Purple Heart Medal . He returned to Iraq for the third time as a civilian freelance journalist in 2006 , where he was embedded with the Iraqi Army in Ramadi . He was the first American journalist to report that the new American counter - insurgency strategy being implemented in Anbar Province was working , and later wrote controversial editorials in the " Philadelphia Inquirer " and " The Weekly Standard " claiming the " oilspot strategy " was seeing signs of success in Iraq . It was not until three months later , that the Los Angeles Times was the next newspaper to report such news , as it stated " tribal leaders in Anbar province were turning against the Al Qaeda resistance . " It was not until 11 month after Zirkle ' s initial report that the New York Times acknowledged that Anbar was " undergoing a surprising transformation " . In 2009 he wrote for the Fox News Channel while he was embedded with U . S . troops and Afghan Commandos on the Pakistan - Afghanistan border . Zirkle is currently a managing partner of the financial services firm StrongPoint Capital , LLC , in Woodstock , Virginia . He previously worked for Lehman Brothers Asset Management and was on Wall Street during the 2008 financial crisis . Originally from Edinburg , Virginia , Zirkle graduated from the University of South Carolina with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 2000 . Criticism . In October 2006 , the CBS Evening News was criticized for giving free airtime to Zirkle to promote a force increase in Iraq of 30 , 000 troops . Four months later , President George W . Bush announced the increase of 24 , 000 troops , leading many left - wing activists to speculate that Vets for Freedom was coordinating a Republican Party - orchestrated public relations campaign .
Daniel J . Murphy Daniel Joseph Murphy , Sr . ( March 24 , 1922 – September 21 , 2001 ) was a four - star admiral in the United States Navy and an official in the Carter and Reagan administrations . Murphy grew up in Brooklyn , and graduated from the University of Maryland and the Naval War College . He joined the Navy in 1943 , during his second year at St . John ' s University in New York , and flew anti - submarine patrols over the North Atlantic during World War II . During the 1960s he was commanding officer of the aircraft carrier " Bennington " . He commanded the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean during the Arab - Israeli War of 1973 and the Cyprus crisis of 1974 . He retired from active service in 1977 . Murphy ' s son , Vice Admiral Daniel J . Murphy , Jr . , later also commanded the Sixth Fleet , from 1998 to 2000 . Murphy was principal military assistant to successive Secretaries of Defense Melvin R . Laird and Elliot Richardson , deputy director of the CIA in 1976 and 1977 , and Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy at the Pentagon from 1977 to 1980 under Jimmy Carter . He was Vice President George H . W . Bush ' s chief of staff from 1981 to 1985 . At the end of Ronald Reagan ' s first term , Murphy left government to join the Washington D . C . lobbying and public relations firm Gray and Company ( later Hill & Knowlton Worldwide ) as a vice chairman . He later founded Murphy & Associates in Georgetown providing public affairs and consulting support to U . S . and international firms . He facilitated former President George H . W . Bush ' s celebratory visit to Kuwait in 1993 .
Museum of Weapons and Early American History The Museum of Weapons & Early American History is located in St . Augustine , Florida in the United States . The museum , located at the intersection of King and Granada streets , is home to a collection of guns , swords , pictures and lithographs dating from 1500 to 1900 . The museum also includes collections of muskets , shipwreck artifacts , period documents , Native American artifacts , and a Civil War display . The museum is closed and the phone disconnected , although as of 2006 the web site is still up .
William Griffiths ( VC ) William Griffiths VC ( 1841 – 22 January 1879 ) was born County Roscommon and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was about 26 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , 24th Regiment of Foot ( later The South Wales Borderers ) , British Army during the Andaman Islands Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 7 May 1867 at the island of Little Andaman , eastern India , in the Bay of Bengal , Private Griffiths was one of a party of five ( David Bell , James Cooper , Campbell Mellis Douglas and Thomas Murphy ) of the 2 / 24th Regiment , who risked their lives in manning a boat and proceeding through dangerous surf to rescue some of their comrades who had been sent to the island to find out the fate of the commander and seven of the crew , who had landed from the ship " Assam Valley " and were feared murdered by the cannibalistic islanders . He was killed in action , in the Battle of Isandhlwana , Zululand , on 22 January 1879 . Further information . VC not awarded for bravery in action against the enemy , but for bravery at sea in saving life in storm off Andaman Islands . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the South Wales Borderers Museum " ( Brecon , Powys , Wales ) " . References . Listed in order of publication year
Volontaires de Saxe The Volontaires de Saxe ( also known as " Volontaires du Maréchal de Saxe " ) were a military unit of cavalry troops recruited by French field marshal Maurice de Saxe to guard the Château de Chambord , his residence . The unit fought in the War of the Austrian Succession ( 1740 – 1748 ) and in the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 1763 ) .