naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Allied Force Headquarters Allied Force Headquarters was the headquarters that controlled all Allied operational forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II from late 1942 to the end of the war . It was established in the UK in August 1942 under General Dwight Eisenhower in order to command the forces committed to Operation Torch . Eisenhower had the title Commander - in - Chief , Allied Expeditionary Force . Shortly after the establishment of the headquarters , " Expeditionary " was deleted from its title for reasons of operational security . Eisenhower thus became Commander in Chief , Allied Force . By the end of 1942 , there was a need to unify command of the Allied forces in North Africa , since those from the west , landed during Operation Torch , and those from the east that had won the Second Battle of El Alamein were now close enough together to need coordination . Therefore , in February 1943 , Allied Force Headquarters assumed control of the British Eighth Army advancing from the east as well . Eisenhower remained in command of AFHQ until January 1944 , overseeing the Allied invasion of Sicily , which began on 10 July 1943 and the Allied invasion of the Italian mainland , on 3 September 1943 . He then returned to the United Kingdom to assume command of the forces assembling for Operation Overlord . He was succeeded by General Sir Maitland Wilson . Wilson ' s title became Supreme Commander , Mediterranean Theatre of Operations . Wilson was in command for just under a year , until he was sent to Washington in December 1944 to replace Field Marshal Sir John Dill of the British Joint Staff Mission who had died suddenly . Wilson was succeeded by Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander who was Supreme Commander and commander of AFHQ until the end of the war . After the war AFHQ became a small interallied staff responsible for combined command liquidation activities and commanded by Lieutenant - General Sir William Morgan as Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean . AFHQ was abolished , effective September 17 , 1947 , by General Order 24 , AFHQ , September 16 , 1947 .
Abdul Rahim Khan Air Marshal Abdur Rahim Khan , HJ , HQA , SPk , SBt ( 25 October 1925 – 28 February 1990 ) was a 3 - star general and air officer who served as the last Commander - in - Chief of the Pakistan Air Force between 1969 and 1972 . He later was later sacked by the JAG Branch , and given a discharged from the Air Force as former Commander - in - Chief ( C - in - C ) of Pakistan Air Force , along with the Commander - in - Chief ( C - in - C ) of Pakistan Army Lieutenant - General Gul Hassan Khan and Commander - in - Chief of Pakistan Navy , Vice - Admiral Muzaffar Hassan on March 3 , 1972 . His successor , Air Marshal Zafar Chaudhry , was the first Chief of Air Staff of Pakistan Air Force . Air Force career . Abdur Rahim Khan was commissioned in the British Indian Air Force on 5 June 1944 . During his post independence service in the PAF , he was the first commander of its only jet squadron , No . 11 Squadron , and No . 9 Squadron . He became a member of MACH Buster ' s Club by breaking the sound barrier in United States of America , he was the first Asian to have achieved this honor . In later years he commanded Mauripur base as well as the PAF Staff College and held appointments Director of Plans and Director of Operations as well as ACAS ( Operations ) and later , ACAS ( Administration ) at the Air Headquarters . In between , he also qualified courses at the RAF Staff College , Andover and the Imperial Defence College in London . Relations with China . During his tenure he visited China due to the military co - operation between the two nations . He was awarded the Hilal - i - Jurat for his command in 1971 Indo - Pakistani war . Personal life . Rahim Khan was married to Princess Mehrunissa Khan , the only child of the beloved but unofficial third queen of the Nawab of Rampur . They got married in London when Rahim Khan was a group captain . Envoy of Pakistan to Spain . Air Marshal Abdur Rahim Khan was send as an Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to Spain on May 11 , 1972 . Lieutenant General Gul Hassan Khan as well was sent as Ambassador to Austria . Air Marshal Abdur Rahim Khan served as Ambassador until April 13 , 1977 , when he again resigned in protest against the rigging of elections in Pakistan by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto the Prime Minister of Pakistan and his party the Pakistan People ' s Party . Hence after Air Marshal Abdur Rahim Khan decided to settle down in United States of America . He lived in Potomac , Maryland until he died of renal failure on February 28 , 1990 .
Siegfried Lüngen Siegfried Lüngen ( 1916 – 1994 ) was a Hauptscharführer in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in November 194 , when in command of the 6th Company , 23rd SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Norge " , 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division " Nordland " .
40th Brigade Royal Field Artillery XL Brigade , Royal Field Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Field Artillery which served in the First World War . It was originally formed with 6th , 23rd and 49th Batteries , and attached to 3rd Infantry Division . In August 1914 , it mobilised and was sent to the Continent with the British Expeditionary Force , where it saw service with 3rd Division throughout the war . 130th ( Howitzer ) Battery joined the brigade in May 1916 .
USS ARD - 9 USS ARD - 9 was an auxiliary repair dock serving with the United States Navy during World War II . " ARD - 9 " was commissioned at Alameda , California on 25 September 1943 , towed to San Francisco Bay , and anchored near the Floating Drydock Training Center at Tiburon , California . She had 5 dockings before leaving the United States . " ARD - 9 " left the US on 12 December 1943 in a convoy of 5 ships : An AK ship , the Navy tug towing the , and the " Metamora " , a Merchant Marine tug towing the " ARD - 9 " . At sea , the ship headed SSW and crossed the equator at 151 degrees and 50 minutes . She was 56 days at sea without seeing land . As the convoy entered the Coral Sea it was given an escort by an Australian corvette . The " ARD - 10 " then left the convoy and went onto Perth . " ARD - 9 " anchored in Milne Bay , New Guinea on 6 February 1944 . She was sold to the Republic of China in 1976 , where she served as " Wo Fu " ( ARDS - 5 ) .
Michael Harris ( Royal Navy officer ) Rear Admiral Michael George Temple Harris ( born 5 July 1941 ) is a former Royal Navy officer who was the captain of during the Falklands War . He was promoted lieutenant on 1 May 1963 , lieutenant - commander on 1 May 1971 , and retired on 3 April 1992 . He is heir presumptive to baron Harris barony currently held by his cousin Anthony Harris , 8th Baron Harris .
HMAS Sprightly ( W 103 ) HMAS " Sprightly " was a tugboat operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1943 and 1953 . Construction . She was built by the Levingston Shipbuilding Company , Orange , Texas during 1942 . Operational history . " Sprightly " was acquired by the Commonwealth Marine Salvage Board in 1942 . She was commissioned into the RAN in 1943 . Decommissioning and fate . " Sprightly " was paid off on 31 March 1958 and was finally sold on 29 August 1969 to T . Korevaar and Sons Pty Ltd , Williamstown , Victoria .
INS Nilgiri ( F33 ) INS " Nilgiri " ( F33 ) was the lead ship of her class of frigate s . Commissioned on June 3 , 1972 into the Indian Navy , she was decommissioned in 1996 . INS " Nilgiri " was the first major warship built in India keel up . It was built at Mazagon Docks Limited , Mumbai in collaboration with Yarrow Shipbuilders , Glasgow . The collaboration involved designs of the Royal Navy ' s improved Type 12 general purpose frigate and technical and training support for construction of 6 vessels . The project to build Nilgiri was led by Homi Sethna and Commander ( later Rear Admiral ) Prakash N Gour . The success of Nilgiri led to the Indian Navy along with Mazagon Docks redesigning the last two ships of the class - INS Vindhyagiri and INS Taragiri to add the Sea King helicopter , ILAS 324 mm torpedo tubes and Bofors ASW rocket launcher . Decommissioning . INS " Nilgiri " was decommissioned in 1996 . She was sunk on April 24 , 1997 , in a test firing of a Sea Eagle AShM by a Sea Harrier Frs Mk . 51 taking off from INS Viraat . References . Naval Forces of the World , by Christopher Chant Transition to Triumph - Indian Navy 1965 to 1975 , by Vice Admiral GM Hiranandani ( retd )
Edward E . Gyatt Edward Earl Gyatt ( September 4 , 1921 – August 7 , 1942 ) was a United States Marine killed during World War II who received the Silver Star for his actions in the Battle of Tulagi . Biography . Born in Syracuse , New York , Gyatt enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on 28 January 1942 . Gyatt was killed in action while serving with the 1st Marine Raider Battalion during the Battle of Tulagi , part of the initial landings of the Guadalcanal campaign , America ' s first offensive effort in the Pacific during World War II . Part of the invasion force that went ashore on Tulagi on 7 August 1942 , Private Gyatt reported the approach of a Japan ese counterattack force on his advanced position that night . With utter disregard for his personal safety , he remained at his post and inflicted heavy damage on the enemy until he was killed by a hand grenade . Awards . For his gallantry and courage on Tulagi , Private Gyatt was awarded the Silver Star posthumously . Namesakes . The United States Navy destroyer escort USS " Gyatt " ( DE - 550 ) was named for Private Gyatt , but her construction was cancalled in 1944 before she could be completed . The destroyer USS " Gyatt " ( DD - 712 ) was named in his honor , and was in commission from 1945 to 1969 .
USS SC - 35 USS " SC - 35 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 35 or USS " S . C . 35 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 35 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 23 January 1918 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 35 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 35 " . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 35 " was classified as SC - 35 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 35 " . On 24 June 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 35 " to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .
August Maus August Maus ( 7 February 1915 – 28 September 1996 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Prior to taking command of he served as I . " Wachoffizier " ( 1st watch officer ) on under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Karl - Friedrich Merten . Maus was captured following the sinking of and was sent as a prisoner of war to the United States . He was involved in the escape tunnel which enabled 25 POWs to escape from Camp Papago Park , Arizona , during the night of 23 – 24 December 1944 . Due to an injury , he himself did not attempt to escape . Summary of career . As a U - boat commander of August Maus is credited with the sinking of nine ships for a total of and damaging one ship of .
1980 Entumbane conflict The 1980 Entumbane conflict , also known as Entumbane I , occurred in and around Bulawayo , Zimbabwe between 9 and 10 November 1980 , amid political tensions in the months immediately following Zimbabwean independence . Fighting broke out in the city ' s western suburb of Entumbane between groups of guerrillas from the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army ( ZANLA ) and others from the Zimbabwe People ' s Revolutionary Army ( ZIPRA ) , days after the two factions were put into coterminous assembly camps there to await integration into the new Zimbabwe National Army . A four - hour firefight , precipitated by a speech by government minister Enos Nkala threatening that ZANLA would ultimately destroy ZIPRA , ended when the largely white - led Rhodesian African Rifles intervened on behalf of the government . Officers from both guerrilla forces then called for a ceasefire . Official government figures counted 58 dead ( 15 combatants and 43 civilians ) and over 500 wounded , but eyewitness accounts describe a death toll running into the hundreds . The conflict was followed four months later by the larger 1981 Entumbane Uprising , also known as Entumbane II , which nearly developed into a new civil war .
30th Infantry Division ( Poland ) The 30th Polesie Infantry Division ( 30 . Poleska Dywizja Piechoty ) , was a unit of the Polish Army in the inter - war period . It was stationed in Kobryn , as well as other towns of the Polesie Voivodeship - Brzesc nad Bugiem and Pinsk . It was commanded by Colonel Mieczysław Mackiewicz ( 1921 – 26 ) , General Stanisław Tessaro ( 1926 – 29 ) , Colonel Stanisław Wrzaliński ( 1929 – 31 ) and General Emil Krukowicz - Przedrzymirski ( 1931 - 1938 ) . In the Polish September Campaign the Division , under General Leopold Cehak , was part of the Operational Group " Piotrkow " of the Łódź Army . The 30th was the only Division of the Polish Army , which took its defensive positions near pre - 1939 Polish - German border as early as in March 1939 . It was carried by trains and placed southwest of Piotrków Trybunalski along the Warta river . Soon before German attack on Poland , it was reinforced with the 41st Company of Tanks . Also , a few hours before the war , the Division was reinforced again , this time by two armored trains - nr . 52 " Baszta " and nr . 53 " Smialy " . Facing the Poles were two German divisions - 18th I . D . and 19th I . D . On September 2 , 1939 , the Wehrmacht broke through Polish lines and crossed the Warta near Działoszyn , street fights took place in the very town . On the same day in the evening , the Germans organized a general attack , forcing the Poles to withdraw towards its main defence line , along the Widawka river . On September 4 and 5 , 30th I . D . repelled attacks of the German XI Corps near Szczerców . However , facing encirclement , it had to withdraw , fighting near Slupia . Ordered to get to Warsaw , it set off on September 10 , but despite initial successes , the plan failed . On September 13 , remains of the Division entered the fortress of Modlin , fighting there until capitulation on September 29 .
Roman Republic ( 18th century ) The Roman Republic ( ) was proclaimed on 15 February 1798 after Louis Alexandre Berthier , a general of Napoleon , had invaded the city of Rome on 10 February . The Roman Republic was a client republic under the French Directory composed of territory conquered from the Papal States . Pope Pius VI was exiled to France and died there in 1799 . It immediately took the control of the other two former - papal revolutionary administrations , the Tiberina Republic and the Republic of Ancona . The Roman Republic was short - lived , as the Papal States were restored in October 1799 . The Roman Republic flag was a vertical tricolour black - white - red , taken from the French tricolour , as granted by Napoleon . It was governed by a clique of consuls , like the ancient Roman Republic . French forces had invaded the Papal States partly in revenge for the death of French general Mathurin - Léonard Duphot in 1797 .
Gillespie Airport ( Tennessee ) Gillespie Airport is a former airport in Nashville , Tennessee . It was opened in 1941 . During World War II , it was leased to the United States Army Air Forces as a training airfield . Known USAAF units which trained at Gillespie Field were : Returned after the war to private ownership , it was later bought by the city of Nashville and was renamed " Cumberland Field " . It was closed in the late 1950s , and the land was redeveloped . Today the location of the former airfield is now part of the Nashville Metro Center .
Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia The Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia ( ) is the Chief of the General Staff of the Military of Croatia . He is appointed by the President of Croatia , who is the commander - in - chief . The current Chief of the General Staff is Lieutenant General Drago Lovrić .
Tenth United States Army The Tenth United States Army was the last army level command established in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II . It was commanded by Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner , Jr . until he was killed by enemy artillery fire on Okinawa on 18 June 1945 . Major General Roy Geiger assumed command and led the Tenth Army until relieved by General Joseph Stilwell on 23 June . During the Battle of Okinawa , the Tenth Army consisted of XXIV Corps of the U . S . Army and III Amphibious Corps of the U . S . Marine Corps . The Tenth Army , which was unique as it had its own tactical air force ( joint Army - Marine Command ) , included the 1st , 2nd and 6th Marine Division s and the 7th , 27th , 77th and 96th Infantry Division s . The Army had over 102 , 000 soldiers ( of these 38 , 000 + were non - divisional artillery , combat support and HQ troops , with another 9 , 000 service troops ) , over 88 , 000 Marines and 18 , 000 Navy personnel ( mostly Seabee and medical personnel ) . At the start of Battle of Okinawa 10th Army had 182 , 821 men under its command . In all , Tenth Army suffered 65 , 631 casualties during the campaign , with 34 , 736 being suffered by XXIV Corps , 26 , 724 by III Amphibious Corps , 520 to the tactical air force attached to Tenth Army , 2 , 636 to the Army garrison forces of Okinawa and Ie Shima , and 1 , 015 to troops directly under the command of Tenth Army . As noted earlier , one of those casualties was the commander of the 10th Army himself , killed by an enemy shellburst while visiting a forward position . The day after , a second general , Brigadier General Claudius M . Easley , was killed by machine gun fire . Okinawa turned out to be the only campaign that Tenth Army would take part in during World War II . It was slated to take part in Operation Coronet , the second phase of the invasion of Japan , but the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki , and subsequent Japanese surrender , obviated the need to invade Japan . Tenth Army troops comprised the landing force which occupied the former Japanese colony of Korea , 8 September 1945 . Commanded by Lt . General John R . Hodge , the Tenth was part of the United States Army Military Government in Korea .
Ernst Scheller Ernst Scheller ( 18 July 1899 in East Frisia – 16 January 1942 in Simferopol ) was a German Nazi Hauptmann and politician . Scheller was elected mayor of Marburg in 1934 by Adolf Hitler and fought on the Eastern Front during World War II . He was injured on 29 December 1941 in battle and died 18 days later on a lazaret in Simferopol .
Kosmos 1124 Kosmos 1124 ( meaning " Cosmos 1124 " ) was a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1979 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1124 was launched from Site 43 / 4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 00 : 17 UTC on 28 August 1979 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1979 - 077A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 11509 . Podvig says that it self - destructed and that its orbit was never stabilised .
Białystok Ghetto Uprising The Białystok Ghetto Uprising of World War II , was a Jewish insurrection in the Białystok Ghetto against the Nazi German occupation authorities , launched on the night of August 16 , 1943 . The Uprising was the second largest ghetto uprising organized in Nazi occupied Poland after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of January 1943 . It was led by the Anti - Fascist Military Organisation ( Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa ) , a branch of the Warsaw Anti - Fascist Bloc . The revolt began upon the German announcement of mass deportations from the Ghetto . The main objective was to break the German siege and allow the maximum number of Jews to escape into the neighboring Knyszyn ( Knyszyński ) Forest . A group of about 300 to 500 insurgents armed with 25 rifles and 100 pistols as well as home - made Molotov cocktail s for grenades , attacked the overwhelming German force with a great loss of life . Leaders of the uprising committed suicide . About 150 combatants managed to break through and run into the Knyszyn Forest where they joined other guerrilla groups . Timeline . The Białystok Ghetto was set up by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union . In February 1943 , the first wave of mass deportations to Treblinka extermination camp took place , organized during country - wide Aktion Reinhard . The final liquidation of the Ghetto was attempted on August 16 , 1943 by regiments of the German SS reinforced by Ukrainian , Byelorussian , and Latvian auxiliaries , known as the " Trawniki men " or " Hivis " . During the night of August 16 , 1943 , several hundred Polish Jews started an armed uprising against the troops carrying out liquidation of the Ghetto . The guerillas led by Mordechaj Tenenbaum and Daniel Moszkowicz were armed with only one machine gun , rifles , several dozen pistols , Molotov cocktail s and bottles filled with acid . As with the earlier Warsaw Ghetto Uprising extinguished in May 1943 , the Białystok uprising had no chances for military success . However , it was seen as a way to die in combat rather than in German camps . A Betar youth commander was Yitzhak Fleischer . The fights in isolated pockets of resistance lasted for several days , but the defence was broken almost instantly . German soldiers set fire to the area . The commanders of the struggle committed suicide after their bunkers ran out of ammunition . In spite of the Insurgency , the planned deportations to concentration and extermination camp s went ahead without any delay . Approximately 10 , 000 Jews were led to the Holocaust train s and sent to camps in Treblinka , Majdanek and Auschwitz . Approximately 1 , 200 children were sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp and later to Auschwitz . Several dozen guerillas managed to break through to the forests surrounding Białystok where they joined the partisan units of Armia Krajowa and other organisations and survived the war . It is estimated that out of almost 60 , 000 Jews who lived in Białystok before World War II , only several hundred survived the Holocaust .