naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Sandwich ( 1460 ) The Battle of Sandwich was a naval skirmish off the town of Sandwich in January 1460 during the Wars of the Roses . In it , Sir John Denham and the Earl of Warwick , Captain of Calais , now on the Yorkist side , defeated a Lancastrian fleet and captured several of its ships . Little evidence and few details of the battle survive . Battle . Edward IV of England and Richard , Earl of Salisbury , had fled to the English stronghold of Calais after their defeat at the Battle of Ludford Bridge . Sent ahead by Warwick , Sir John Denham found the king ' s fleet lying at Sandwich . Arriving at dawn , Denham launched an attack while the king ' s officers were still in bed . His success was so overwhelming that he " tooke the principall shippes of the Kynge ' s navie . . . well furnished with ordinaunce and artillarie " . Aftermath . With command of the English Channel secured by this battle , a small Yorkist army of about two thousand men landed in Kent from Calais ahead of March and Warwick . Once the town of Sandwich itself had been secured by his forces in June 1460 , Warwick landed there with March and Salisbury on 26 June 1460 . Having cleared the Channel of French pirates ( who had been able to raid the town thanks to the chaos caused in England by the civil war ) and having made the coast of Kent safe , Warwick was received in Kent as a hero . Warwick ' s army soon increased in numbers , joined by many new recruits , and was largely well supported as it proceeded by way of Canterbury and probably Wickhambreaux . The Yorkist commanders had remained popular in Kent , and the officers in charge of protecting the county against them even joined forces with the rebels . The growing army then marched on London , where it arrived on 2 July to be welcomed by Richard Lee , Lord Mayor of London , and Thomas Bourchier , Archbishop of Canterbury . The Yorkist army then marched towards Northampton to meet Henry VI and his Lancastrian army , and the two forces met at the Battle of Northampton on 10 July .
RAF Balloon Command Balloon Command was the Royal Air Force command which was responsible for controlling all the United Kingdom - based barrage balloon units during World War II . History . Balloon Command was formed on 1 November 1938 at RAF Stanmore Park in Middlesex . It consisted of a headquarters and several groups . Balloon Command was disbanded in February 1945 . Commanders . The following officers were in command : Pre - war organization . Before the second world war the command had one group - No . 30 ( Balloon ) Group at four stations : Second world war organization . During World War II , the command had the following organization : The command consisted of five groups which were in turn subdivided into balloon centres ( equivalent to wings of heavier - than - air aircraft ) . The organization was as follows : The dates indicated give the periods for which each group existed as part of Balloon Command . No . 30 and 31 groups also existed in World War I as part of different formations . The balloon centres in turn consisted of balloon squadron s which were numbered from 900 to 994 .
USS Courtney ( DE - 1021 ) The second USS " Courtney " ( DE - 1021 ) , a , was a ship of the United States Navy named for Marine Major Henry A . Courtney , Jr . ( 1916 – 1945 ) , who was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for his heroism in the Battle of Okinawa . " Courtney " was launched 2 November 1955 by Defoe Shipbuilding Company , Bay City , Mich . , sponsored by Mrs . H . A . Courtney ; commissioned 24 September 1956 , Lieutenant Commander C . W . Coe in command ; and reported to the U . S . Atlantic Fleet . 1957 . Joining Escort Squadron 10 ( CortRon 10 ) at Naval Station Newport , R . I . , 26 April 1957 , Courtney operated from that port exercising in antisubmarine warfare and Convoy escort techniques in the British West Indies until 3 September . She arrived at Milford Haven , Wales , 14 September for maneuvers with ships of other NATO navies in the Irish Sea , visiting Plymouth , England , and Brest , France , before returning to Newport 21 October 1957 to resume local operations . She took part in hunter - killer exercises off North Carolina and in convoy exercises extending into the waters off Florida . 1958 to 1960 . " Courtney " sailed from Newport 1 April 1958 and called at Reykjavík , Iceland , on the way to Bodø , Norway , to conduct exercises with ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy . She put in to Antwerp , Belgium , and NS Argentia , Newfoundland , and returned to Newport 14 May . From 7 August to 30 September she was involved in Operation Argus , conducting nuclear tests in the high atmosphere as part of " Navy Task Force 88 " . After completion of the tests , she cruised to Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 15 to 19 September . Again cruising to South American waters from February through March 1959 , she called at ports in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , and Chile , and exercised with ships of the Colombian and Peruvian navies . NATO exercises in August and September 1959 found her calling in Newfoundland , Northern Ireland , England , and Portugal . Through the first half of 1960 , she cruised along the east coast on a variety of exercises , including an amphibious operation with Marines on the coast of North Carolina . From August through December 1960 , " Courtney " participated in Operation " Unitas " , the combined antisubmarine training cruise of the American nations . " Courtney " was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 14 December 1973 . She was sold for scrapping 17 June 1974 .
Pierre Brûlart , marquis de Sillery Pierre Brûlart , marquis de Sillery , viscount Puisieux , baron Grand Pressigny ( 1583 – April 22 , 1640 ) was a Foreign minister of France under Louis XIII . He was son of Nicolas Brûlart , marquis de Sillery , 1544 – 1624 and Claude Prudhomme . He married Magdalena de Neufville ( d . 1613 ) , in 1606 ( without issue ) . He married Charlotte d ' Estampes ( ca . 1597 – 1677 ) on January 11 , 1615 ; they had children :
List of castles in Greater Manchester There are nine castles in Greater Manchester , a metropolitan county in North West England . They consist of four motte - and - bailey s , three fortified manor houses , a ringwork , and a possible shell keep . A motte - and - bailey castle has two elements , the motte is an artificial conical mound with a wooden stockade and stronghold on top , usually a stone keep or tower . A bailey is a defended enclosure below the motte , surrounded by a ditch . Motte - and - bailey castles were the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest . Ringworks are similar to motte - and - baileys although lack the characteristic motte ; they are an uncommon form of fortification – though contemporary with motte - and - baileys – a ringwork may have been built rather than a motte - and - bailey because the soil was too thin to provide a proper motte . A shell keep was a motte with a stone wall rather than a wooden stockade on top ; there would have been no tower within the walls . Four of Greater Manchester ' s castles are Scheduled Ancient Monuments : Buckton , Bury , Radcliffe Tower , and Watch Hill . A Scheduled Ancient Monument is a " nationally important " archaeological site or historic building , given protection against unauthorised change . The purpose of a castle was not simply militaristic , but was also considered to be a stamp of authority over the population of an area and a status symbol . Some would have acted as centres of trade and administration for a manor . The earliest castles in Greater Manchester are Dunham and Watch Hill in Trafford , Ullerwood in Manchester , and Stockport Castle in Stockport . They were first recorded in 1173 as belonging to barons who had rebelled against Henry II , and at least three were motte - and - bailey castles , probably because of the speed and ease with which they could be erected . Hamon de Massey , who owned the Trafford castles and Ullerwood , and Geoffrey de Constentyn , who owned Stockport Castle , were two of the three rebels from Cheshire ; the other was the Earl of Chester , the owner of Chester Castle . Castles continued to be built in the area , although the last to be built in Greater Manchester were two fortified manor houses near Bury , built more for comfort than as utilitarian military structures . Bury Castle and Radcliffe Tower followed the national trend in the 13th century ; they would most likely have acted as the centre of the manor they served . List of castles . < onlyinclude > < / onlyinclude >
Battle of Gorni Dubnik In an effort to reduce the fortress of Pleven quicker , Russian forces began targeting garrisons along the Ottoman supply and communications route . A significant garrison had been reduced at the Battle of Lovcha in September . General Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko was called up from the Shipka Pass area to deal with more of the garrisons protecting Pleven . On October 24 Gourko attacked the fortress of Gorni - Dubnik . The Russian attack met heavy resistance but two other Russian columns were able to easily push back the Ottoman lines . The Finnish Guard sharpshooter battalion participated on the battle and stormed the fortress walls . Gourko continued the attacks and the garrison commander Ahmed Hifzi Pasha surrendered . Within the month several more Ottoman garrisons were to fall including Orhanie . By October 24 the Russian army had surrounded Plevna which capitulated December 10 . The battle is commemorated in the Finnish Guard Regiment March . October 24 is the honorary day of the descendant of the Finnish Guard sharpshooter battalion , the Finnish Guard Jaeger Regiment .
German Type UB II submarine The UB II type submarine was a class of U - boat built during World War I by the German Imperial Navy . They were enlarged from the preceding type UB I and were more effective vessels . The boats were a single hull design with a 50 metre maximum diving depth and a 30 - 45 second diving time . In 1915 and 1916 , 30 were built at two different shipyards . The design of type UB II addressed many of the problems apparent in the preceding type UB I class . The UB II boats featured a two - shaft drive with a much larger battery capacity and larger engines . Storage batteries were placed forward of the central diving tanks to compensate for the much heavier engine installation . The armament of the type UB II consisted of 50 cm G torpedoes launched from two bow tubes . The torpedo tubes were installed one above the other to allow for a bow design that would create optimal surface efficiency . A 5 cm gun was provided on the deck for surface use . The weight of the boat was increased to 270 tons of surface displacement to accommodate these improvements . Saddle tanks were fitted to the sides of the pressure hull to allow greater fuel storage area . List of Type UB II submarines . There were 30 Type UB II submarines commissioned into the German Imperial Navy .
Joint Meritorious Unit Award The Joint Meritorious Unit Award ( JMUA ) is a military award that was established on June 4 , 1981 by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger and was implemented by Department of Defense Directive 1348 . 27 dated July 22 , 1982 . The Joint Meritorious Unit Award was made retroactive to January 23 , 1979 . The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is the only ribbon award granted by the Department of Defense and is the organizational equivalent of the Defense Superior Service Medal . It is awarded to joint units or activities where the joint activity must either report through Unified , Combined , or Specified Command channels or pursue a joint mission under the cognizance of the Secretary of Defense ; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ; the commander of a Unified , Specified or Combined Command that is also a joint command ; or the Secretary of a military department that has been designated the Executive Agent for the Secretary of Defense . The first organization to receive the Joint Meritorious Unit Award was the “ Electronic Warfare During Close Air Support Joint Test Force ” and was awarded the decoration on September 30 , 1982 . The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is a ribbon , enclosed in a gold frame . The ribbon is very similar to the Defense Superior Service Medal , indicative of the fact that the service performed would warrant the award of the medal to an individual . Subsequent decorations of the Joint Meritorious Unit Award are annotated with oak leaf cluster s .
MV Empire MacMahon MV " Empire MacMahon " was an oil tanker converted to a merchant aircraft carrier or MAC ship . MV " Empire MacMahon " was built by Swan Hunter , Wallsend under order from the Ministry of War Transport . She entered service as a MAC ship in December 1943 , however only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel . She was operated by Anglo - Saxon Petroleum Co . She returned to merchant service as an oil tanker in 1946 and renamed " Naninia " and was eventually scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960 .
HMS Carnarvon Bay ( K630 ) HMS " Carnarvon Bay " ( K630 ) was a Bay - class anti - aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy . She is named after Caernarfon Bay ( at one time anglicised as ' Carnarvon Bay ' ) in Gwynedd , Wales . She was originally ordered as the Loch - class vessel " Loch Maddy " , but the order was changed in 1944 . Built by Henry Robb of Leith , the ship was laid down on 8 June 1944 and launched on 15 March 1945 by Lady Westwood . Service history . After sea trials " Carnarvon Bay " was assigned to the Rosyth Flotilla , joining in November 1945 . Deployed for training duties , she made a single voyage to Oslo in January 1946 , and to Scapa Flow in February . In April she sailed to Harwich to be decommissioned . Laid - up in the Reserve Fleet at Harwich , she as used as an accommodation ship for personnel of the Reserve Fleet . " Carnarvon Bay " remained at Harwich until the Reserve Fleet was closed down and was then transferred to Chatham . Placed on the Disposal List in 1959 the ship was sold to an Italian ship - breaker and towed to La Spezia where she arrived on 28 August 1959 .
USS Potomac ( 1861 ) See USS " Potomac " for other ships of this name . The second USS " Potomac " was an old whaler , purchased 1 November 1861 . She was a part of the " Stone Fleet " , a group of ships used to block the entrances to Confederate harbors , and was sunk for this purpose 9 January 1862 .
Lloyd Brown ( veteran ) Lloyd Brown ( October 7 , 1901 – March 29 , 2007 ) was one of the last surviving American veterans of the First World War and also the last member of the United States Navy to have signed up before the German armistice . Born in Lutie , Missouri , Brown enlisted at age 16 , and after the end of the war , he worked at a Washington , D . C . firefighter company covering the White House and foreign embassies . His age of 105 is subject to some dispute , as he may have been ' only ' 104 based on the 1910 Census .
Battle of María The Battle of María ( 15 June 1809 ) saw a small Spanish army led by Joaquín Blake y Joyes face an Imperial French corps under Louis Gabriel Suchet . After an inconclusive contest earlier in the day , Suchet ' s cavalry made a decisive charge that resulted in a French victory . Though the Spanish right wing was crushed , the rest of Blake ' s army got away in fairly good order after abandoning most of its artillery . María de Huerva is located southwest of Zaragoza , Spain . The action occurred during the Peninsular War which was part of the larger struggle known as the Napoleonic Wars .
Edward B . Young Edward B . Young ( 1835 – February 24 , 1867 ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1835 in Bergen , New Jersey , Young joined the Navy from that city . He served in the Civil War as a coxswain on the . During the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he displayed " skill and courage " as his ship assisted the disabled while under heavy fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor the next year , on June 22 , 1865 . Young ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Galena " during the attack on enemy forts at Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Securely lashed to the side of the " Oneida " which had suffered the loss of her steering apparatus and an explosion of her boiler from enemy fire , the " Galena " aided the stricken vessel past the enemy forts to safety . Despite heavy damage to his ship from raking enemy fire , Young performed his duties with skill and courage throughout the action . Young died on February 24 , 1867 , at age 31 or 32 and was buried in Bensalem , Pennsylvania .
Tahsin Yazıcı Tahsin Yazıcı ( 1892 in Monastir , Ottoman Empire ( Now : Macedonia ) – February 11 , 1971 in Ankara , Turkey ) was an Ottoman Army officer , a Turkish Army general and politician . He was born to his father Ali Bey and his mother Ganimet Hanım in Monastir ( present - day Bitola ) in 1892 . He was recorded in Kefçedede wards , Üsküdar District of Istanbul Province . He entered to the Ottoman Military Academy on November 1 , 1909 and graduated from academy as Second Lieutenant on March 1 , 1912 . After graduation , he served during the First World War at Gallipoli and he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on March 1 , 1916 . He then served during the Turkish War of Independence and was promoted to the rank of Captain on October 10 , 1920 . In 1925 , he participated in quelling the Sheikh Said rebellion . He married Nezahat Hanım ( 1904 - 1996 ) in 1929 . They had a son Ahmet Bali ( 1931 - ) . He was then sent to France to learn cavalry warfare . After returning to Turkey , he was appointed to the teaching staff of the Cavalry School in 1927 and was promoted to the rank of Major on August 30 , 1931 . In 1935 , he was assigned the commander of the Tank Battalion that was first tank unit of Turkey . In 1937 , he returned to the Cavalry School and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on August 30 , 1938 , and then Colonel on August 30 , 1943 . He commanded the Turkish Brigade during the Korean War . His brigade saved Americans in Battle of Kunuri . Though it was initially placed as reserve for the U . S . 8th Army , the collapse of the front in the face of massive Chinese attacks on 26 November 1950 , meant that it soon found itself in the thick of battle . Having retired from the Army in 1952 , he served as a member of parliament in the ruling Democratic Party from 1954 . After the 1960 military coup his party was suppressed , and he spent five years in prison before being released .
Charles Craufurd Fraser Lieutenant General Sir Charles Craufurd Fraser VC KCB ( 31 August 1829 – 7 June 1895 ) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was also a Conservative politician . Early life . Fraser was the third son of Sir James Fraser and his wife Charlotte Anne Craufurd . He joined the 7th Hussars ( The Queen ' s Own ) , British Army as a cornet in 1847 , became lieutenant in 1850 and captain in 1854 . On 5 January 1858 he became Orderly Officer for Brigadier Campbell at Munseata near Allahabad and was promoted to major on 20 July 1858 . Victoria Cross . Fraser was 29 years old , and a major in the 7th Hussars ( The Queen ' s Own ) during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 31 December 1858 at the River Raptee , India for which he was awarded the VC : He was also awarded the Royal Humane Society ' s Medal 1st Class . Later career . Fraser transferred to the 11th Hussars in 1859 and became Commanding Officer as lieutenant colonel in 1861 . He became colonel in 1866 and was Commandant at Head Quarters during the Abyssinian War . He was mentioned in despatches and awarded CB . In 1868 he became colonel of the 8th King ' s Royal Irish Hussars and was promoted to Major - General in 1870 . He was Aide - de - Camp to the Duke of Cambridge lord - lieutenant of Ireland , from 1873 to 1877 . In 1880 he became Inspector - General of Cavalry in Ireland until 1884 and was later in command of the Cavalry at Aldershot . He retired with the rank of lieutenant general in 1886 . In 1885 Fraser was elected Member of Parliament for UK Parliament constituency . He was knighted in 1891 and held the Lambeth seat until 1892 . Fraser died in Sloane Street London at the age of 65 and was buried in Brompton Cemetery , London .
French Ensor Chadwick Rear Admiral French Ensor Chadwick USN ( February 28 , 1844 – January 27 , 1919 ) was a United States Navy officer who became prominent in the naval reform movement of the post - Civil War era . He was particularly noted for his contributions to naval education , and served as President of the Naval War College from 1900 - 1903 . A native of Morgantown , West Virginia , he attended the United States Naval Academy from 1861 to 1864 . During the Civil War years , the Academy was relocated from Annapolis , Maryland to Newport , Rhode Island , due to concerns about secessionist sympathy in Maryland , a border state . In 1881 , Lt Commander Chadwick led the investigation into the fog signals at Little Gull Island Light in Long Island Sound after the Galatea ran around in the fog during the evening of May 12 , 1881 . Major sea commands included the gunboat " USS Yorktown " , commissioned in 1889 . He served in the Spanish - American War , fighting at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba . He served as President of the United States Naval War College from 1900 to 1903 . As commander of the South Atlantic Squadron he played a major part in the Perdicaris incident of 1904 in Morocco . He was also a noted historian who wrote several published books , including a noted work on " The Causes of the Civil War " . Portrayal . Chadwick was portrayed by Roy Jenson in the 1975 film " The Wind and the Lion " .
Noel Hudson Noel Baring Hudson DSO MC ( 18 December 1893 – 5 October 1970 ) was an Anglican bishop serving at Labuan and Sarawak , St Albans , Newcastle and Ely . Hudson was the sixth son of the Reverend Thomas Hudson and his wife Alethea Matheson . He was educated at St Edward ' s School , Oxford , where his father had been headmaster . His maternal grandmother , Alethea Hayter , was the sister of Henry Heylyn Hayter ( an Australian statist ) and Harrison Hayter ( an engineer ) who married Charles Matheson of the Clergy Orphan School where his father had also taught . Hudson went on to Christ ' s College Cambridge where he was Tancred Student . In 1914 , on the outbreak of World War I , he joined the Royal Berkshire Regiment and was a lieutenant colonel commanding the 8th Royal Berkshires by the age of 23 . He gained the reputation for outstanding courage and ability and was wounded 15 times . Later in the war he was raised to the rank of brigadier - in - the - field . His injuries put an end to an outstanding rugby career . He and his brothers played for Harlequins , of which he was at one time captain . At the end of the war , Hudson went to Westcott House , Cambridge and in 1921 and began his ordained ministry in the parish of Christ Church , Leeds . In 1922 he became vicar of the same parish . After four years in Leeds he was appointed to St John the Baptist ' s Newcastle upon Tyne . In 1931 , at the age of 39 , he became Bishop of Labuan and Sarawak for seven years . In 1938 he was recalled to become secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts . In 1939 he became an honorary canon and an assistant bishop in the Diocese of St Albans and was also Select Preacher in Cambridge . On 2 October 1941 he was nominated and on 19 October confirmed Bishop of Newcastle for nearly 16 years . On 18 January 1957 he became Bishop of Ely until 1963 . Hudson ' s sister , Elizabeth Hudson , married Frederick Gordon - Lennox , 9th Duke of Richmond .