naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Harald Turner Harald Turner ( 8 October 1891 in Leun - 9 March 1947 in Belgrade ) was an SS commander and " Staatsrat " ( privy councillor ) in the German military administration of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia in the partitioned Kingdom of Yugoslavia during World War II . In a 1942 letter to Karl Wolff , chief of the personal staff of " Reichsführer - SS " Heinrich Himmler , Turner indicated the murderous nature of " Schutzstaffel " ( SS ) activities in the occupied territory . In the letter he indirectly indicated that he intended to use vehicles most likely equipped with gas to murder Jews . Already some months ago , I shot dead all the Jews I could get my hands on in this area , concentrated all the Jewish women and children in a camp and with the help of the SD got my hands on a " delousing van , " that in about 14 days to 4 weeks will have brought about the definitive clearing out of the camp . . . " " Dr . Harold Turner ' s letter to Karl Wolff , dated April 11 , 1942 . " His quotation marks around the vehicle ' s name indicate that the vehicle was meant for killing the Jews he mentioned . This follows a similar practice by the Nazis to publicly call gas chambers in concentration camps , " shower rooms " . Turner was promoted to SS - Brigadeführer on 30 Jan 1939 , and to SS - Gruppenführer on 27 Sept 1941 . On 18 Feb 1944 he was promoted to SS Generalleutnant , effective 30 Jan 1944 . After the war , he was executed by hanging in Belgrade .
No . 326 Squadron RAF The No . 326 ( GC / II / 7 ' Nice ' ) Squadron RAF was a Free French fighter squadron given a Royal Air Force squadron number during World War II . History . The squadron was formed in Calvi , Corsica on 1 December 1943 from GC / II / 7 ' Nice ' squadron and was equipped with British Spitfire aircraft . The Squadron followed the allied advance through Europe from Southern France supporting the Free French Army and by April 1945 was operating from Grossachsenheim , Germany . It was under RAF control until November 1945 when it disbanded upon reversion to French control .
USS Leader ( PYc - 42 ) USS " Leader " ( PYc - 42 ) was a " Leader " - class patrol boat acquired by the U . S . Navy for the task of patrolling coastal areas during World War II when there was the danger of enemy submarine activity . The first ship to be named " Leader " by the Navy , " PYc - 42 " , ex - " Curlew " , was built by White & Co . Ltd . , Southampton , England , in 1927 ; acquired by the Navy from F . S . Molson , Montreal , Canada , 24 October 1942 ; and commissioned the same day , Lt . ( jg ) Clifton R . Anderson in command . World War II service . Following three months in New York , " Leader " , a coastal patrol yacht , sailed 18 February 1943 for her permanent assignment . She trained off Florida and Cuba before arriving San Diego , California , 8 April . For the next two years the patrol yacht operated along the U . S . West Coast and with the San Diego Sound School , training Navy and Coast Guard personnel in antisubmarine warfare techniques . Post - war deactivation . " Leader " continued this service until she decommissioned 11 May 1945 . She was returned to War Shipping Administration ( WSA ) 4 September 1946 , sold in 1949 to Kenneth E . Wilson of Los Angeles , California , and renamed " Chito " .
Boško Buha Boško Buha ( ; 1926 - 1943 ) was a young Yugoslav Partisan who used to be one of the greatest icons of World War II in the former Yugoslavia . Biography . Boško Buha was born to Serbian parents in the Slavonian village of Gradina , near Virovitica in today ' s Croatia . In 1941 , after the Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia , his family was targeted by Ustasha and had to seek shelter in Serbia . Buha eventually reached territory under Partisan control . There he tried to join the Partisans , but he was rejected due to his young age ( at the time he was only 15 ) . After a few attempts , he managed to con his way into the Partisans and took part in active combat . In 1942 he joined the 2nd Proletarian Brigade of YNLA . Soon he developed a talent for sneaking towards enemy bunker s and destroying them with hand grenade s . His talent and bravery almost immediately became stuff of legends and his unit , which had many young men and teenager s , was nicknamed the " Partisan Artillery " . In late 1942 Buha was publicly commended by Tito . A year later , Boško Buha died when the truck he was in got ambushed by the Chetniks . After the war Boško Buha received the title of People ' s Hero of Yugoslavia . A theatre house in Belgrade is named after him . In 1979 , the Croatian director Branko Bauer made a film about his life . Boško Buha shouldn ' t be mistaken for contemporary Serbian police official with the same name . His nephew Nebojša Buha died as Croatian soldier in Croatian War of Independence liberating his country against Serbian rebels . He died in Operation Flash . He had the rank of Sergeant major , the highest NCO rank in Croatian army .
25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer The 25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer ( German name for " mine launcher " ) , often abbreviated as 25 cm sMW , was a heavy trench mortar developed for use by engineer troops during the Russo - Japanese War of 1905 . This class of weapon was for destroying bunkers and fortifications that were otherwise immune to normal artillery . Heavy mortars were used by engineers to clear obstacles such as bunkers and barbed wire , and other obstacles that longer range artillery could not target . Design and development . The 25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer was a muzzle - loading , rifled mortar that had a hydro - spring type recoil system . It fired either a 97 kg ( 210 lb ) shell or a 50 kg ( 110 lb ) shell , both contained far more explosive filler than ordinary artillery shells of the same caliber . The low muzzle velocity allowed for thinner shell walls , hence more space for filler for the same weight shell . The low velocity also allowed explosives like ammonium nitrate – carbon that were less shock - resistant than TNT , which was in short supply at the time . Shells filled with TNT caused a large number of premature detonations , making the Minenwerfer riskier for the gun crew than normal artillery pieces . Service . The wheels were removed and the sMW was then placed in a pit or trench at least 1 . 5 meters deep , protecting the mortar and its crew . Despite the extremely short range , the sMW proved to be very effective as its massive shells that were almost as effective penetrating fortifications as the largest siege guns in the German inventory , including the 42 cm Dicke Bertha ( Big Bertha ) , a howitzer that was more than 50 times heavier than the sMW . The effectiveness of the sMW is indicated by the number in service which increased from 44 when the war broke out , to 1 , 234 at its end . In 1916 a new version with a longer barrel was put into production . The new mortar was designated 25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer neuer Art ( German for " new pattern " ) , which was abbreviated as 25 cm Smw n / A . The older , short - barrel model was then designated as 25 cm Smw a / A ( alter Art ) ( German for " old pattern . " It is unclear what benefit this change had over the older version . Note : The data for this weapon differs between sources and cannot be considered definitive . Data provided has generally been for an a / A mortar as given at the U . S . Army Field Artillery Museum , Ft . Sill , Oklahoma .
Yves Godard Yves Godard ( 21 December 1911 – 3 March 1975 ) was a French Army officer who fought in World War II , First Indochina War and Algerian War . A graduate of Saint - Cyr and Chasseur Alpin , he served as a ski instructor in Poland during 1939 , but after World War II began he returned to France . He became a prisoner - of - war in 1940 and tried several times to escape , finally succeeding on his third attempt . He made his way to France and joined the French Resistance maquis in Savoy . From December 1944 to February 1946 , he headed the 27ème bataillon de chasseurs alpins . He was part of the occupation force in Austria , then a general staff officer of the French Army before taking command of the 11e Bataillon Parachutiste de Choc in 1948 . He led the battalion during the First Indochina War , taking part during the war in a failed attempted to relieve the French Union garrison at Dien Bien Phu from Laos . In 1955 Godard became chief of staff of the Parachute Intervention Group , soon to become the 10th Parachute Division , in Algeria commanded by General Jacques Massu . He took part in the Anglo - French operation during the Suez Crisis in 1956 . Godard became one of the primary figures of the Battle of Algiers , especially during the later part when he commanded the Algiers sector , supervising links between the Army and the Police , and serving as the chief of staff to Massu . At the suggestion of Paul - Alain Léger , he authorised the bleus de chauffe system , by which paratroopers disguised as young workers roamed the Cashbah and arrested FLN militants . Godard notably declared : In Summer 1959 , he was named director general of the Sûreté in Algeria . Paul Delouvrier contemplated his transfer , but hesitated , as " " he holds all the security services of Algiers in his hands " [ and what would happen ] " if , immediately after his departure , bombs and grenades started exploding again ? " During the Barricade Week , in January 1960 , Godard sent Captain Yves de La Bourdonnaye to negotiate Pierre Lagaillarde ' s surrender . La Bourdonnaye later implied that he was sympathetic to the rebels and had done little to haste their surrender . In February , Pierre Messmer had Godard transferred to France , but he returned to take part in the Algiers putsch of 1961 . When the putsch failed he joined the OAS , helping modeling it after the structure of the FLN , but left Algeria in the summer of 1962 and stayed underground until 1967 . Godard was sentenced to death for his part in the putsch and OAS . He settled in Belgium and unlike his OAS colleagues , he didn ' t return to France after the 1968 amnesty . Godard died in 1975 at Lessines , Belgium , only 63 years old .
Ulick Burke , 1st Marquess of Clanricarde Ulick Burke , 1st Marquess of Clanricarde ( born 1604 in London ; died July 1657 in Kent ) , was an Irish nobleman and figure in English Civil War . He was the son of Richard Burke , 4th Earl of Clanricarde , by his wife Frances Walsingham . In 1622 , Ulick married his only wife Anne Compton , the daughter of William Compton , 1st Earl of Northampton and his wife Elizabeth Spencer . They had a single child , Margaret Burgh who married Charles MacCarty , Viscount Muskerry . Ulick was summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Burgh in 1628 , and succeeded his father as 5th earl in 1635 . In 1636 , he inherited Somerhill House on the death of his father . He was a staunch opponent of the policies of the Lord Deputy of Ireland , Wentworth , who had attempted to seize much of the great Burke inheritance for the Crown ; there was also personal ill - feeling since the dispute was thought by many to have hastened the death of Ulick ' s elderly father . He sat in the Short Parliament of 1640 and attended Charles I in the Scottish expedition . Charles , unlike Strafford , liked and trusted Ulick . Somerhill was sequestered by Parliament in 1645 , following the Battle of Naseby . During the Irish Confederate Wars , he supported the Royalist James Butler in defending Ireland for Charles I against the Parliamentarians by uniting Catholic and Protestant nobles ( himself being catholic ) . He did not join the Catholic Confederate Ireland , but instead helped to broker a military alliance between the Confederates and English Royalists . He commanded the forces of this alliance during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland , after Ormonde fled the country , and soldiers of his Connaught army helped to win a minor ( if insubstantial ) victory at the battle of Tecroghan . Only a few months later however his army was wiped out during the battle of Meelick Island . Burke was a skillful diplomat but not a great soldier . Like Ormond , Clanricarde was distrusted by most Catholics in Ireland ( he was widely considered to be a friend of the notorious Charles Coote ) and thus was thus not capable of halting the Parliamentarian conquest of the country . In 1652 , he made peace with the victorious Oliver Cromwell . He lost his lands in the Act of Settlement 1652 but his heirs regained them after the Restoration of Charles II in the Act of Settlement 1662 .
Quintus Pomponius Secundus Quintus Pomponius Secundus was a Roman aristocrat of the 1st century AD , and brother of the poet and statesman Publius Pomponius Secundus . During the reign of Tiberius , the Pomponii Secundi were caught up in the political intrigues surrounding the downfall of Sejanus , a close advisor of the emperor , who was suspected of plotting to make himself the master of Rome in the emperor ' s absence . His downfall occurred in October of AD 31 , when he held the honor of the consulship , giving him effective control of the government . One of his associates , a man named Aelius Gallus , fled to the house of Publius Pomponius , in the hope that his friend could protect him . On the basis of this friendship , Pomponius was one of those accused by Considius Proculus , a former praetor , of plotting revolution . Publius was imprisoned , and his brother , Quintus , gave surety on his behalf . In AD 33 , Considius was indicted for treason , carried off and executed while he had been celebrating his birthday . Quintus Pomponius brought an accusation against Considius ' sister , Sancia , who was herself interdicted from fire and water . Pomponius asserted that his accusation was motivated by a desire to obtain the emperor ' s favor and ensure the safety of his brother , Publius , who nonetheless seems to have languished in prison until the death of Tiberius . Under Caligula Publius was released , and even raised to the consulship in 41 ; in the reign of Claudius , he was made the emperor ' s legate in Germania , celebrating a triumph over the Chatti in AD 50 . In AD 41 , Quintus Pomponius was appointed consul " suffectus ex . vii . id . Jan . " A scant two weeks into his consulship , Caligula was assassinated , along with various members of his household , including his wife , Milonia Caesonia , who was a sister of Quintus and Publius . Quintus , whom Cassius Dio describes unflatteringly as a sycophant of the emperor , managed to evade death at the hands of the Praetorian Guard . The following year , Publius Suillius Rufus , also a half - brother of the Pomponii , accused Marcus Furius Camillus Scribonianus , the consul of AD 32 , and his mother , Junia , of consulting astrologers to determine the time of the emperor ' s death . They were exiled , and in Dalmatia Camillus took up arms against the emperor . Quintus Pomponius was also accused by Suillius , and joined the revolt , which was crushed after only five days . Camillus was permitted to live in exile for some years ; Pomponius ' fate is unknown , although his brother remained in the emperor ' s favor .
Threshal A Threshal was a type of two handed Medieval flail , looking rather like a larger version of the more well - known Nunchaku . Considered a peasant ' s weapon , it was nonetheless capable of defeating many types of armor , as illustrated in contemporary manuscripts .
Louis I , Duke of Bavaria Duke Louis I of Bavaria ( ) ( Kelheim , 23 December 1173 – 15 September 1231 in Kelheim ) was the Duke of Bavaria in 1183 and Count Palatine of the Rhine in 1214 . He was a son of Otto I and his wife Agnes of Loon . Louis was married to Ludmilla , a daughter of Duke Frederick of Bohemia . Biography . Louis extended the duchy of Bavaria and founded many cities . Among the cities he founded were Landshut in 1204 , Straubing in 1218 and Landau an der Isar in 1224 . He supported the Welf Emperor Otto IV , who therefore confirmed the everlasting reign of the Wittelsbach family in Bavaria . But in 1211 Louis joined the Hohenstaufen party ; Emperor Frederick II rewarded him with the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214 : His son Otto was married to Agnes of the Palatinate , a granddaughter of Duke Henry the Lion and Conrad of Hohenstaufen . With this marriage , the Wittelsbach inherited the Palatinate and kept it as a Wittelsbach possession until 1918 . Since that time also the lion has become a heraldic symbol in the coat of arms for Bavaria and the Palatinate . In 1221 Louis participated in the Fifth Crusade and was imprisoned in Egypt by Al - Kamil but later released . In 1225 Louis took over the guardianship for the young king Henry . Louis was murdered in 1231 on a bridge in Kelheim . The crime was never cleared up since the murderer was immediately lynched . Due to the following aversion of the Wittelsbach family the city of Kelheim lost its status as one of the ducal residences . Louis was buried in the crypt of Scheyern Abbey .
Ford Mk V Armoured Car The Ford Mk V Armoured Cars were built in Ireland by Thompson & Son of Hanover Works , Carlow . Specifications . The Ford Mk V was built with . 5 inch mild steel plate , onto a Ford chassis of 122 inches . Fitted with a 85 horsepower petrol Ford V8 3 , 621 cc engine , the Mark V was much smaller , cheaper to build and had better performance than its predosesor the GSR Ford Mk IV . Empty of all unessential equipment the Mark V weighed just over five tons , with a max speed of 45 km per hour ( 28 MPH ) and a range of 150Km ( 93 miles ) . After the prototype was built , inspected and passed , the remaining 13 Ford Mk Vs were built and sold by 1954 . Fourteen were built in total with Peerless armoured car turrets and Hotchkiss . 303 machine guns fitted . The vehicles were designed by Maj . J . V . Lawless and Comdt . A . W . Mayne , using ideas taken from the Rolls Royce Armoured Car as well as from the Leyland Armoured Car .
122nd Fusilier Regiment ( Württemberg ) The 122nd Fusiliers ( 4th Württemberg ) , named " Kaiser Franz Josef von Österreich , König von Ungarn " ( Emperor Franz Josef of Austria , King of Hungary ) were an infantry regiment of the Army of Württemberg . The regiment was formed as fusiliers in 1807 . In 1906 is was named after Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria - Hungary . The regiment toolk part in Napoleon ' s Russian campaign , the Austro - Prussian and Franco - Prussian war . In World War I it was part of the 26th ( 1st Württemberg ) Division . The regiment was disbanded 1 May 1919 , 5th and 7th Company / 13th Infantry were bearing its tradition in the new Reichsheer .
Lucius Septimius Lucius Septimius was an Ancient Roman soldier stationed in Egypt in the 1st century BC . He is remembered by history as one of the assassins of Pompey the Great . Septimius was the head of the Roman troops serving in the Egyptian army , at a time when Egypt was a vassal state of Rome . Pompey fled to Egypt in 48 BC following his defeat by Julius Caesar at the Battle of Pharsalia . Pompey had been friends with Egypt ' s prior king , Ptolemy XII Auletes , and so hoped to find aid ; however the advisers of the child successor Ptolemy XIII believed they could win Caesar ' s favor by killing his foe . Septimius and the Egyptian general Achillas met Pompey at the shore in Alexandria under a pretense of friendship , killed him upon the landing , and then beheaded his corpse . Later literary accounts often attributed Pompey ' s murder solely to Septimius , as in the poem " Pharsalia " by the Roman poet Lucan , or in modern fictionalizations such as the George Bernard Shaw play " Caesar and Cleopatra " , and the HBO television series " Rome " ( depicted in the episodes " Pharsalus " and " Caesarion " ) .
Constantion Bădescu Constantion Badescu ( 1892 - 1962 ) was a Romanian Brigadier - General during World War II . He served as Commanding Officer , 1st Dorobanti Infantry Regiment in 1941 , but was called into reserve the following year . He retired in 1943 , but was recalled in 1944 and served as Commanding Office , 11th Brigade . In 1945 , He first served as General Officer Commanding 11th Division , then Commanding Officer 11th Brigade , and finally General Officer Commanding 11th Division again . He retired in 1947 . References . < br >
Béla Király Dr . Béla Király ( 14 April 1912 – 4 July 2009 ) was a Hungarian resistance fighter during World War II , as well as a military historian , author , and politician . He was born in Kaposvár , Hungary . Commissioned as a second lieutenant of the Hungarian Army in 1935 , he fought actively in World War II . Following the war , he joined the Hungarian Communist Party , and rose to the rank of major general in the Hungarian army . In 1951 , he was arrested on what many felt to be false charges and sentenced to death . On appeal , the sentence was reduced to life imprisonment . In September 1956 , however , he was released from prison . United States . During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , he was appointed commander - in - chief of the military guard and military commander of Budapest . After the Soviet military intervention in Hungary , he fled to Austria and later the United States , where he attended Columbia University . He received his doctorate in history in 1962 and taught Military History at Brooklyn College , where he held the title of Professor Emeritus . During his tenure at Brooklyn College he served as director of the Society In Change Program on East Central Europe , supervised Brooklyn College Press ( the College ' s Publishing House ) , and served as the advisor to the Brooklyn College Military History Club . After the collapse of the Soviet Bloc , he eventually returned to Hungary , and from 1990 to 1994 , became an independent member of the Hungarian Parliament . In 1993 , he was named “ Righteous Among the Nations ” by Yad Vashem . Since then , he assumed the role of government adviser . In 2004 , he was made an associate member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences . Death . Kiraly died in his sleep in Budapest on 4 July 2009 , aged 97 .