naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
322d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron The 322d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing , stationed at Lockbourne Air Force Base , Ohio . It was inactivated on 8 Nov 1957 . History . Established as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber squadron in early 1942 ; it trained under the Third Air Force in the southeastern United States with final training under the Second Air Force in Washington . It deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England , being one of the first heavy bomber squadrons to arrive in that country . The 322d was one of the most highly decorated strategic heavy bomber squadrons in the European Theater , flying combat missions over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until the German capitulation in May 1945 . Most personnel were demobilized in England immediately after the end of the war in Europe . The squadron returned to the United States with a small headquarters staff and the unit was planned to be re - equipped and remanned as a B - 29 Superfortress squadron . The Japanese surrender caused these plans to be cancelled and the squadron was inactivated , becoming a paper unit in the United States during November 1945 . It was reactivated in 1947 as a Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) long - range strategic reconnaissance squadron ; but it was not manned or equipped until July 1948 . It used B - 17 and B - 29 bombers refitted for reconnaissance missions . The unit deployed to Japan in 1950 , and performed strategic reconnaissance missions over Korea and the Northern Pacific coast of Communist China and the Soviet Union . It was re - equipped with R B - 45C Tornado jet reconnaissance aircraft , flying reconnaissance and mapping combat missions over Korea until being assigned to the United States in mid - 1952 . The squadron then re - equipped with R B - 47 E Stratojets and performed various reconnaissance missions on a worldwide scale until inactivation in 1957 .
Battle of Britain Memorial , Capel - le - Ferne The Battle of Britain Memorial is a monument to aircrew who flew in the Battle of Britain . It is sited on the White Cliffs at Capel - le - Ferne , near Folkestone , on the coast of Kent . It was initiated by the Battle of Britain Memorial Trust , and opened by the Queen Mother on July 9 , 1993 . It is formed of a large propeller - shaped base , with the figure of a seated pilot carved by Harry Gray sitting at the centre . Also on the site are replicas of a Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire and the Christopher Foxley - Norris Memorial Wall , on which appears the names of the almost 3000 fighter aircrew who flew in the Battle . In October 2010 HRH The Duchess of Cornwall unveiled a bust of Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park by sculptor Will Davies at the site . The Trust is currently raising money to build a new visitor centre . It will take the shape of a Spitfire wing and will be called " The Wing " .
Colour Sergeant Colour Sergeant ( CSgt or formerly C / Sgt ) is a non - commissioned title in the Royal Marines and infantry regiment s of the British Army , ranking above Sergeant and below Warrant Officer Class 2 . It has a NATO ranking code of OR - 7 and is officially the rank of Staff Sergeant as found in other corps of the British Army , Flight Sergeant or Chief Technician in the Royal Air Force , and Chief Petty Officer in the Royal Navy . The insignia is the monarch ' s crown above three upward pointing chevrons . The rank was introduced into the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars to reward long - serving sergeants . By World War I it had given way to Company Sergeant Major and Company Quartermaster Sergeant , but it was later reintroduced . Historically , Colour Sergeants of British line regiments protected Ensigns , the most junior officers who were responsible for carrying their battalion s ' Colours ( flag or insignia ) to rally troops in battles . For this reason the Colour Sergeant rank was considered a prestigious one given normally to courageous Sergeants who had attained accomplishments in battles . This tradition continues today as Colour Sergeants form part of a Colour Party in military parades . Colour Sergeants are referred to and addressed as " Colour Sergeant " or " Colour " ( " Colour Sergeant Bloggs " or " Colour Bloggs " , for instance ) , never as " Sergeant " . Unusually , NCOs with the rank of Colour Sergeant who hold the appointment of Company Quartermaster Sergeant are still addressed and referred to by their rank , not their appointment . During ceremonial events it is from the Colour Sergeant that the Ensign collects the Colour of the Battalion or Regiment . Canadian usage . Colour Sergeant is also a rank in the foot guards regiment s of the Canadian Forces , specifically the Governor General ' s Foot Guards and the Canadian Grenadier Guards . It is the equivalent to Warrant Officer ; a Colour Sergeant wears the rank insignia of a Warrant Officer ( a royal crown ) on all uniforms except No . 1 Ceremonial Dress , on which a special rank badge is worn : three chevrons , point down , surmounted by an image of regimental colours . They are addressed as their British counterparts are .
LERTCON In United States military doctrine , LERTCON is an abbreviation of alert condition , and is a measure of the level of action and readiness to be taken in a given situation . There are specific procedures laid out for responses to changes in LERTCON . LERTCON levels can be broken down into high - alert emergency condition levels ( EMERGCON s ) and the more common Defense Condition levels ( DEFCON s ) .
Gopher State - class crane ship The " Gopher State " - class crane ships of the United States Navy are a class of auxiliary vessels . The lead ship of the class is named in honor of the state of Minnesota . All three vessels of the class were former " Sea Witch " - class container ships built at the Bath Iron Works for American Export Lines . After AEL was acquired by Farrell Lines in 1978 , the ships sailed for a few years before being returned to the Maritime Administration ( MARAD ) . They were converted to naval service as crane ships in the mid - 1980s .
323d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 323d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command stationed at Ernest Harmon Air Force Base , Newfoundland . It was inactivated on 1 July 1960 . History . Air defense and operational training unit until February 1944 , and afterward replacement training unit until April 1944 . Air Defense of the Pacific Northwest , 1952 – 1955 ; Air Defense of the Upper Midwest , 1955 – 1957 ; Air Defense of Northeast North America , 1957 – 1960 .
S - 500 ( missile ) The S - 500 " Samoderzhets " ( " Autocrat " ) is a Russia n surface - to - air missile system , currently under development by the Almaz - Antey company . It is also known as 55R6M " Triumfator - M " Overview . The S - 500 is a new generation surface - to - air missile system , designed for intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles and for defense against Airborne Early Warning and Control , Airborne Warning and Control System , and jamming aircraft . It is not an upgraded version of the S - 400 . With a planned range of 600 km ( 373 mi ) , the S - 500 would be able to detect and simultaneously engage up to 10 ballistic supersonic targets flying at a speed of 5 km / s and will have a flight ceiling of 400 km . In 2009 , the system was under development at the design stage at Almaz - Antey , and had been planned to be completed in 2012 . In February 2011 , it was announced that the first S - 500 systems should be in serial production by 2014 . Under the State Armament Programme 2020 ( GPV - 2020 ) , it is planned to purchase 10 S - 500 battalions for the Russian Aerospace Defense ( VKO ) . In 2011 , it was announced that the S - 500 program was at least two years behind schedule , with the planned date of introduction to service now set to 2017 . Production of prototypes and the testing programme are expected to be completed in 2015 . The main components of the S - 500 will be : There is also a version of the system called S - 1000 , but it is not known what the difference between the two versions is . Although sharing a similar designation , the relationship between this new S - 500 and the S - 500U project of the 1960s is unclear . The S - 500U multichannel antiaircraft system was a 1968 initiative by the Soviet Air Defence Forces , Soviet Navy , Ministry of the Radio Industry ( Ministerstvo Radio Promyshlennosti SSSR ) , and Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry to create a unified complex for the National Air Defense Troops , Navy and Ground Troops . Missiles of the S - 500U complex were supposed to engage enemy aircraft at a range up to 100 km . The S - 500U SAM complex project was rejected by the Soviet Army , which had a requirement to engage not only enemy aircraft , but also short range ballistic missiles . Consequently the S - 300 family ( SA - 10 and SA - 12 ) was developed instead . Russia is developing two plants to produce the S - 500 in 2015 ( production ) but some say the earliest will be 2017 ( delivery to units ) .
José María Aguirre Major General José María Aguirre ( died Jaruco , 1896 ) was a Cuban soldier in the Cuban War of Independence ( 1895 – 1898 ) , the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain . He was with Enrique Collazo connected with the newspaper " Protesta " . After being wounded in 1896 he died of pneumonia out in the " lomas " of Jaruco . The José María Aguirre T9 medical school is named in his honour .
Mobile Warfare Mobile Warfare is the correct English phrase for Mao Zedong ' s main military methods . For the general topic of military mobility , see maneuver warfare . The achievements of Mao and the Communists in the Chinese Civil War are normally referred to as guerrilla warfare . But he himself made a distinction between Mobile Warfare ( 运动战 " yundong zhan " ) , Positional Warfare ( 阵地战 " zhendi zhan " ) and guerrilla warfare ( 游击战 " youji zhan " ) . Mao had a regular army that was far too big to hide , but made a point of conceding territory and avoiding battle until he was ready to fight . The most notable example was the Long March , a massive military retreat in which Mao marched in circles in Guizhou until he had confused the vastly larger armies pursuing him , and was then able to slip through Yunnan and Sichuan , although the retreat was completed by only one - tenth of the force that left for the Long March at Jiangxi . A sensible comparison would be Robert E . Lee ' s surrender at Appomattox Court House , though he was never outnumbered to the degree Mao regularly was . These military methods were part of the military - political strategy of people ' s war , which aims to win the support of the local population . The Chinese People ' s Volunteer Army ' s first five campaigns in the Korean War were Mobile Warfare , in which the PVA encircled the enemy through maneuvers and sought to annihilate the enemy . Then it entered a stage of Positional Warfare , when both the PVA and UN forces fought to a stalemate along the 38th parallel north .
Achasanseong Acha Mountain Fortress is an earthen fortress of the Korean Three Kingdoms period . Originally built by Baekje , it was occupied in turn by each of the Three Kingdoms . It stands on Mount Acha , in Gwangjin - gu , Seoul , South Korea , at an altitude of 200 meters above sea level . It has a perimeter of roughly 1 kilometer and an area of about 3375 m² . The first mention of this fortress in historical records comes from the " Samguk Sagi " ' s statement that King Chaekgye of Baekje ordered it to be fortified against an expected Goguryeo invasion . At that time , Acha Mountain Fortress would have played a key role in the defense of the Baekje capital Hanseong from the north . In 475 , Goguryeo overran this and the other defenses of Baekje , and King Gaero of Baekje was brought to Acha and executed . The fortress and the rest of the Han River valley were conquered by Silla in 553 . The Goguryeo general Ondal later died here while trying to reclaim the fortress . Acha Mountain Fortress was designated as a historic landmark in 1973 , and has since become a common local tourist destination .
BRP Ismael Lomibao ( PG - 383 ) The BRP " Ismael Lomibao " ( PG - 383 ) is the eleventh ship of the " Jose Andrada " class coastal patrol boats of the Philippine Navy . It is part of the second batch of its class ordered through US Foreign Military Sales ( FMS ) in 1993 , and was commissioned with the Philippine Navy in 1995 . It was initially designated as Fast Patrol Craft , and was numbered " DF - 383 " , but later on was re - designated as a Patrol Gunboat , and was finally re - numbered as " PG - 383 " . Technical Details . The ship was built to US Coast Guard standards with aluminum hull and superstructure . She is powered by two Detroit Diesel 16V - 92TA Diesel Engines with a combined power of around 2 , 800 hp driving two propellers for a maximum speed of . Maximum range is at , or alternatively at . The ship originally designed to carry one bow Mk . 3 40 mm gun , one 81 mm mortar aft , and four 12 . 7 mm / 50 caliber machine guns . Instead , she is armed with one 25mm Bushmaster chain gun on Mk . 38 Mod . 0 mount , four M2HB Browning 12 . 7 mm / 50 caliber machine guns on Mk . 26 mounts , with two positioned forward and two aft ; and two M60 7 . 62 mm / 30 caliber machine guns , both mounted amidships . The ship can carry 4 , 000 rounds of 12 . 7 mm and 2 , 000 rounds of 7 . 62 mm A large " Big Eyes " binocular is also carried on tripod mounts , one on the forecastle and one just above the mast . As part of the second batch ( PG - 379 to PG - 395 ) , it is equipped with Mk . 38 Mod . 0 M242 Bushmaster 25mm chain gun that the first batch of ships do not carry . She is equipped with a Raytheon AN / SPS - 64 ( V ) 11 surface search and navigation radar but with a smaller antenna as those used in bigger Philippine Navy ships . Like all other Philippine Navy ship , she was installed with the Philippine Navy Vessel Tracking System ( VTS ) by the Naval Sea Systems Command . A 4 - meter rigid inflatable boat powered by a 40 - hp outboard motor is stowed amidships .
Thomas Richards ( United States Marine Corps ) " For other persons named Thomas Richards , see Thomas Richards ( disambiguation ) . " Lieutenant Colonel Thomas A . Richards , USMC ( Ret . ) served in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War . He would be awarded the Navy Cross . His award citation reads : Richards was born in Madison , Wisconsin .
Aubretia - class sloop The Aubretia class sloops were a class of twelve sloop s built under the Emergency War Programme for the Royal Navy in World War I as part of the larger " Flower " class . They were also referred to as the " cabbage class " , or " herbaceous border s " . The Flowers were the first ships designed as minesweepers . Like all the Flowers , the " Aubretia " class were originally designed as single - screw Fleet Sweeping Vessels , with triple hulls at the bows and an above - water magazine located aft , to give extra protection against loss from mine damage when working . However , the utility of the design was found to be as a convoy escort , and as such other classes took over the minesweeping role . The " Aubretias " were re - classified as Convoy Sloops . Unlike the preceding " Flower " s of the " Acacia " , " Azalea " and " Arabis " classes , with their unmistakable warship appearance , the " Aubretia " s were designed to look like small merchantmen , in the hope of deceiving U - boat commanders , a tactic known as the Q - ship . These vessels were built by commercial shipbuilders to Lloyd ' s Register standards , to make use of vacant capacity , and the individual builders were asked to use their existing designs for merchantmen , based on the standard Flower - type hull . Two members of the following " Anchusa " group , and ( renamed in 1922 ) , survived to be moored on the River Thames for use as Drill Ships by the RNVR until 1988 , a total of seventy years in RN service . was sold in 1988 and preserved , and is now one of the last three surviving warships of the Royal Navy built during the First World War , ( along with the 1914 Light cruiser in Belfast , and the 1915 Monitor in Portsmouth dockyard ) . Ships . Six ships were ordered in January 1916 : A further six ships were ordered in December 1916 :
Athanasios N . Miaoulis Athanasios N . Miaoulis ( , 1868 - 1932 ) was a Greek naval officer and politician , serving several times as Navy Minister and briefly as the Mayor of Piraeus . He was a relative of the naval leader of the from the Hydriot family . Biography . Miaoulis was born in Piraeus in 1868 , to the Hydriot family of Miaoulis . He was the great - grandson of admiral Andreas Miaoulis , the chief Greek naval leader during the Greek War of Independence . Together with his cousin Andreas D . Miaoulis , he enrolled in the Hellenic Naval Academy in 1884 , the year of its re - establishment . He graduated in 1888 as an ensign , and took part in the Greco - Turkish War of 1897 as captain of a torpedo boat , with the rank of sub - lieutenant . He retired as a commander in 1911 in order to run for public office in Hydra . With the outbreak of the Balkan Wars , he was recalled to service , and was assigned as captain of the destroyer " Panthir " , from its delivery in Britain to the signing of the peace treaties , whereupon he returned to reserve status . In 1909 he served as Minister of Naval Affairs , a post he held again in 1914 , 1915 and 1919 . As a diehard Venizelist , he was persuaded in 1932 to run for the mayoralty of Piraeus , despite his own reluctance . He accepted on the condition that he could resign following a possible victory of the Liberal Party in the forthcoming legislative elections . Indeed , the Venizelists won the elections , opening the prospect of his retirement from the mayor ' s office and politics in general . This filled Miaoulis with such joy , that he suffered a heart attack , to which he succumbed . Four years later , on 16 June 1936 , his wife , Maria Lykoudis , also died as a result of an illness caused by her grief .
109th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps 109th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps ( The Lancashire Fusiliers ) ( 109 RAC ) was a tank regiment of the British Army ' s Royal Armoured Corps during World War II . Origin . 109th Regiment RAC was formed on 1 November 1941 by the conversion to the armoured role of 1 / 6th Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers , a first line Territorial Army infantry unit . The battalion had been serving in 125th Infantry Brigade of 42nd ( East Lancashire ) Division , which were redesignated 10th Armoured Brigade and 42nd Armoured Division respectively . All three regiments in the brigade were drawn from the Lancashire Fusiliers and underwent simultaneous conversion to armour ( the other two became 108 RAC and 143 RAC ) . In common with other infantry units transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps , personnel continued to wear their Lancashire Fusiliers buttons and the cap badge on the black beret of the RAC , but the rank of ' Fusilier ' for private soldiers was replaced by ' Trooper ' , despite some resistance from the regiment . The regiment also continued to call itself ' 1 / 6th Bn The Lancashire Fusiliers ( 109th RAC ) ' , but was later told to desist and adopt the official name . History . In May – June 1942 , 10th Armoured Bde ( later 10th Tank Bde ) became an independent formation , and moved from Barnard Castle , County Durham , to ' The Dukeries ' area of Nottinghamshire to continue tank training . 109 RAC was based at Welbeck Abbey , and the following month the partly trained and partly equipped regiment was given the operational role ( in case of enemy invasion ) of providing HQ squadron and one tank squadron ( drawn from all three of its squadrons ) of Churchill and Valentine tanks for a composite battalion from the brigade . In common with the other units of 10th Tank Bde , 109 RAC maintained Lancashire Fusilier traditions , celebrating Minden Day on 1 August each year . However , in August 1943 , rumours began to circulate that 10th Tank Brigade was scheduled for disbandment . Members of Parliament for the Lancashire towns complained about the possible loss of their TA battalions , and a recruiting team arrived to persuade men to volunteer for the Parchute Regiment if the brigade disbanded . Although 10th Tank Bde moved to Wensleydale in September , with 109 RAC based at Leyburn , and became a holding and training formation for reinforcements , the impending disbandment was confirmed shortly afterwards . During November and December , 109 RAC ' s officers and men were progressively posted overseas or to 51st Training Regiment RAC at nearby Catterick . Disbandment was completed by the end of the year and 1 / 6th Lancashire Fusiliers went into a state of ' suspended animation ' on 1 January 1944 . Unlike 1 / 5th Lancashire Fusiliers after the disbandment of 108 RAC , the 1 / 6th Battalion has never been reformed .
Soltam M - 65 The Soltam M - 65 is a 120 mm mortar that was developed by Tampella in 1953 via introduction of new baseplate for 120 Krh / 40 invented by Hans Otto Donner . In 1960s Soltam Systems of Israel bought a license . The mortar system comes in two versions , a standard mortar and a long - range version . Design . This heavy mortar is light enough to be transported by helicopter sling load , drop by parachute or carried in an APC such as the M113 Armored Personnel Carrier . It can also be towed as a normal artillery piece or even manhandled if necessary . The wheels on the carriage are the same as fitted to the M151 Jeep , and have handling rings to aid in manhandling it . All components are made of chrome - plated or stainless steel to resist wear and corrosion . The M - 65 is the standard version of this mortar , while the A - 7 is the long - range version . Variants . Long range version . The 120 mm A7 long - range Mortar is a further development of the Soltam made M - 65 , it was designed for rapid deployment units and for operation by fewer personnel than previous models , and fires to range of using the M59 bomb and with the M100 bomb . Only a crew of 4 is required to operate the mortar due to its unique design carriage , from which the weapon is not dismounted for use ( although , when being fired the Mortar does not rest on its wheels ) . The carriage is a lightweight two - wheeled carriage with a torsion - bar suspension . It enables the Mortar to be towed behind any vehicle with a towing hook of the right height and size , as well as being pulled by troops or air lifted . In some roles the carriage is not used and the Mortar is brought into action without it . The A7 Mortar can be brought in and out of action by 4 crew members in less than 1 minute . In addition to supporting the Mortar , the carriage carries the accessories and tools that are required for operating and maintaining the weapon , which includes an extractor to facilitate the safe removal of the projectile in the event of a misfire .
CSS General Earl Van Dorn The CSS " General Earl Van Dorn " , a side - wheel river steamer , was fitted out in early 1862 at New Orleans , Louisiana as a River Defense Fleet " cottonclad " ram . In late March , she steamed up the Mississippi River to Memphis , Tennessee , where her outfitting was completed . In the naval action off Fort Pillow on May 10 , she attacked a Union mortar boat with gunfire and rammed the ironclad . On June 1 , she helped cover the Confederate evacuation of Fort Pillow , then retreated to Memphis , where , on June 6 she was the only survivor of the River Defense Fleet ' s final battle . After escaping to Yazoo City , Mississippi , " General Earl Van Dorn " was burned on June 26 , 1862 to avoid capture by Federal warships .