naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
51st Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army . It was formed on 10 July 1940 at Utsunomiya , Tochigi , and was assigned to the Eastern District Army . Under the command of Lieutenant General Kenichiro Ueno , upon formation the division ' s infantry group consisted of three infantry regiments : the 66th , 102nd and 115th . Other supporting elements included the 51st Reconnaissance Regiment , the 14th Field Artillery Regiment , the 51st Engineer Regiment , the 51st Transport Regiment and a divisional signals unit . In July 1941 Prince Yi Un took over as commander of the division , leading them to China when they were transferred to the Kwantung Army in August 1941 . In September 1941 , the division was re - assigned to the Twenty - Third Army . In November 1941 , Yi Un handed over command to Lieutenant General Hidemitsu Nakano , who would remain in command of the division until after the end of the war . The following year , in November 1942 , the 51st Division was moved to New Guinea where they were allocated to the Eighteenth Army . In February 1943 , the division concentrated around the Lae – Salamaua area , and subsequently took part in the New Guinea campaign throughout 1943 – 45 , fighting against Australian and United States forces before being destroyed .
Henry E . Emerson Henry Everett " Hank " Emerson ( born May 28 , 1925 ) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general best known for being the commander of the 2nd Infantry Division in South Korea during the mid - 1970s , when Colin Powell served as a battalion commander . Emerson is a 1947 graduate of the United States Military Academy . Career . Emerson gained recognition during the Vietnam War for his tactical ability on the battlefield . His tactics , as a commander were novel . He conceived aerial reconnaissance and combat methods that were employed effectively against the Viet Cong . These included a " checkerboard concept " that involves small groups covering grid squares to seek out an enemy , " jitterbug " tactics which are complex maneuvers using helicopters to surround an enemy . To the unitiated this would seem jittery like the dance , and " Eagle Flights " which were helicopters loaded with local soldiers and flown in quickly to assist foreign troops in certain situations . He demonstrated that American soldiers could effectively " out - guerrilla " the Viet Cong . Emerson also developed the " seal - and - pile - on technique " ( the rapid build - up of combat power to surround and destroy an enemy force ) . These highly complex tactics shattered many large enemy units . Emerson was known for his somewhat eccentric personality , from his training methods to carrying a cowboy - style revolver in place of a regulation M1911 semi - automatic pistol . He was a believer in reverse - cycle training , during which troops trained at night and slept during the day . He also required that they watch the television film " Brian ' s Song " , to promote racial harmony . Colin Powell , who would later go on to become the U . S . Secretary of State , has stated that they were very close and that what set Emerson apart was his great love of his soldiers and concern for their welfare . In many instances when he was the XVIII Airborne Corps commander he would turn in the tag numbers of excessively speeding vehicles . The next morning , the violator ( s ) would be escorted by the company and battalion commanders from their unit and a verbal reprimand would be delivered by the brigade commander . Emerson suffered severe burns after his helicopter was shot down in the Mekong Delta . He had commanded forces during the Vietnam War prior to being stationed in South Korea . He later served as commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg , from July 1975 to June 1977 .
223rd Coastal Division ( Italy ) The 223rd Coastal Division was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The division was located in the south of France coastal region . The 223 Coastal Division was formed from elements of Regular Infantry Regiments from the Alpini Divisions , from the 5th and 8th Alpine Regiments and the 26th Alpine Battalion . Normally Coastal divisions were second line divisions , formed from men in their forties and fifties intended to perform labouring and second line duties . Recruited locally , they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement . Their equipment was also second rate . The Prime Minister of Italy , Benito Mussolini had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army , but this was often sabotaged or arrived with no ammunition .
Najeeb Halaby Najeeb Elias Halaby Jr . ( ; September 19 / November 19 , 1915 - July 2 , 2003 ) was a United States businessman , government official , celebrated aviator , and the father of Queen Noor of Jordan . Early life and ancestry . Halaby was born in Dallas , Texas . His father was Najeeb Elias Halaby , Sr . ( March 17 , 1878 / 1880 - December 16 , 1928 ) , a Syrian Christian , who emigrated to the United States from Syria in 1891 . Halaby ' s paternal grandfather was Elias Halaby , provincial treasurer or magistrate in Ottoman Syria , who also came to the U . S . in 1891 . Halaby ' s father worked as an importer and , later , as an oil broker . In the mid - 1920s , Halaby ' s father opened Halaby Galleries , a rug boutique and interior - decorating shop , at Neiman Marcus in Dallas , and ran it with his wife , the former Laura Wilkins ( April 23 , 1889 - April 1987 ) . He died shortly afterward , and his estate was unable to continue the new enterprise . Following his father ' s death , his mother married Urban B . Koen , but they ultimately divorced . Halaby ' s maternal grandfather was John Thomas Wilkins , who served in the 7th Tennessee Cavalry during the Civil War . Career . He was a graduate of The Leelanau School , a boarding school in Glen Arbor Township Leelanau County , Michigan , and is enshrined in that school ' s Hall of Fame . An alumnus of Stanford University ( 1937 ) and Yale Law School ( 1940 ) , he served as a U . S . Navy test pilot in World War II . On May 1 , 1945 Halaby made history by making the first transcontinental jet flight in US history . Halaby took off from Muroc AFB , California and landed in Patuxent , Maryland in 5 hours and 40 minutes . After the war he served as the U . S . State Department ' s civil aviation advisor to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia , helping the king develop Saudi Arabian Airlines . Next he worked as an aide to Secretary of Defense James Forrestal in the late 1940s , then helped Paul Nitze write NSC 68 . He joined Laurance Rockefeller ' s family office in 1953 reviewing investments in civil aviation . From 1961 to 1965 , he served as the second Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration , appointed by President John F . Kennedy . Halaby was a proponent for the creation of the U . S . Department of Transportation , which occurred during his time in the Lyndon Johnson administration . From 1969 to 1972 , he served as CEO , and chairman after 1970 , of Pan Am . As Pan Am chairman , he was present at the christening of the first Boeing 747 aircraft . Personal life . Halaby was married three times . He married Doris Carlquist in Washington , D . C . , on December 24 , 1945 and he divorced her in 1977 . They had three children : daughter Lisa Halaby , who would ultimately become Queen Consort of Jordan upon her marriage to King Hussein of Jordan in 1978 ; son Christian ; and daughter Alexa . He was married to the former Jane Allison Coates from 1980 until her death in 1996 . From 1997 until his death in 2003 at age 87 , he was married to the former Libby Anderson Cater .
USS Pochard ( AM - 375 ) USS " Pochard " ( AM - 375 ) was an acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Pochard " was named after the pochard , a heavy - bodied diving duck . " Pochard " was laid down by Savannah Machine and Foundry Co . , Savannah , Georgia , 10 February 1944 ; launched 11 June 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Mary E . Kennard ; and commissioned 27 November 1944 , Lt . Comdr . David D . Long , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific operations . After fitting out and shakedown , she departed Norfolk , Virginia , for the Panama Canal Zone on 19 February 1945 escorting . She then proceeded to San Francisco , California , and San Diego , California , and sailed for Pearl Harbor ; Eniwetok , Marshall Islands ; and Guam ; arriving Okinawa on 28 June . During July and August she conducted minesweeping operations around Kerama Retto . On 22 August " Pochard " was assigned to Commander 3rd Fleet , and proceeded to Tokyo Bay , arriving on the 29th . She remained in Tokyo Bay only a short period before sailing for Okinoyama Shoals , Sagami Wan , to conduct mine sweeping operations . " Pochard " remained in the Far East conducting minesweeping operations until 26 March 1946 . She then returned to the United States for inactivation , decommissioning 15 January 1947 . Second commissioning . " Pochard " was berthed at San Diego , California , as a unit of the Pacific Reserve Fleet until recommissioned 27 February 1952 . On 19 May she reported for duty with the Atlantic Fleet , at Charleston , South Carolina , whence she operated alternating U . S . East Coast and Caribbean cruises with Mediterranean deployments until 1955 . Final decommissioning . Reclassified MSF - 375 , 7 February 1955 , she was placed in reserve in June and decommissioned on 3 August . Assigned to the Florida Group , Atlantic Reserve Fleet , she was berthed at Green Cove Springs , Florida until struck from the Navy List 1 December 1966 and sold for scrap . Awards . " Pochard " received three battle stars for World War II service .
War of Vesosis and Tanausis The War of Vesosis and Tanausis is described in Jordanes ' semi - historical account of the Goths as happening in remote antiquity when Vesosis , king of the Egyptians , made war against them . Their king at that time was Tanausis . In a battle at the river Phasis in Colchis ( modern Georgia ) , Tanausis , king of the Goths , met Vesosis , king of the Egyptians , and there inflicted a severe defeat upon him , pursuing him even to Egypt .
Charles Seaforth Stewart Charles Seaforth Stewart ( April 11 , 1823 – July 22 , 1904 ) was a Colonel in the United States Army Corps of Engineers . He graduated first in his West Point class of 1846 with George McClellan , Stonewall Jackson , and George Pickett . He was born at sea , as the son of Reverend Charles Samuel Stewart , a US Navy Chaplain . He was Chief Engineer of the defenses at Hampton Roads from September 1861 to November 1864 . From November 1864 to June 1865 , he was Chief Engineer of the Middle Military Division . For his Civil War service , he was brevetted to Lieutenant Colonel . Stewart reached the rank of Colonel in June 1882 , and retired . He was appointed Brigadier General by an act of Congress , in April 1904 , a few months before his death .
Otto Wöhler Otto Wöhler ( 12 July 1894 in Burgwedel – 5 February 1987 in Burgwedel ) was a German " General der Infanterie " , serving during World War I and World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Wöhler fought in World War I as a lieutenant and served in the post - war " Reichsheer " . A seasoned general staff officer , he had caught the attention of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein , who made him his chief of staff when Manstein was appointed to command 11th Army . Wöhler served with Manstein until April 1942 when he was assigned as chief of staff for Army Group Center under Field Marshal Günther von Kluge . Wöhler ’ s first combat command was " I . Armeekorps " which he led from April to August 1943 , before being given command of 8th Army on 22 August 1943 . Field Marshal von Manstein , whose Army Group South included 8th Army , was very pleased with this appointment as Wöhler had fought with distinction and skill during the summer and fall of 1943 . His cool - headedness was considered a crucial asset at that stage and later on the Eastern Front . According to Heinz Guderian ' s memories , when " Heeresgruppe Süd " , which he commanded , destroyed the Russian bridge - head over the Hron river on 22 February 1945 , Hitler said " Wöhler may not be National - Socialist , but at least he is a man . " As with every other German senior officer , Wöhler was investigated by the Allies after the war and was then implicated in Einsatzgruppe activities while serving as Chief of Staff of 11th Army in early 1942 . He was tried by a U . S . Military Tribunal at Nuremberg ( " OKW Case " No . XII ) and then sentenced to 8 years imprisonment in October 1948 . He was released in autumn 1950 . Until his death Otto Wöhler participated in many functions and as patron of civic organizations in his home community of Burgwedel . He also created a charitable foundation that inherited his estate . He is buried next to his only child , a son , who died in the Baltic during World War II as a naval cadet . References . Citations Bibliography
Enarmes Enarmes are the leather gripping straps attached to the back of shield s throughout the Medieval period . Enarmes represented a significant advance in shield technology , as beforehand shields were held by a single bar that ran behind a boss . Enarmes were held in place by riveting through the leather and the facing of the shield , and reinforced with small , square - cut washers . Enarmes are visible on shields in the Bayeux Tapestry .
Sher Jung Thapa Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa ( ) is the first Gurkha to win the Indian Army ' s one of the highest military decorations , Mahavir Chakra ( MVC ) . Birth place . Sher Jung Thapa was born in Abbottabad , Pakistan on 15 April 1907 and died at Army Hospital , Delhi on 25 February 1999 . His ancestral home was at Tapke Gaun , Gorkha District , Nepal . His grandfather was Subedar Balkrishna Khundrung Thapa Magar ( 2 / 5 GR ) who had settled at Dharmasala , Himachal Pradesh , India . His father was Honorary Captain Arjun Thapa ( 2 / 5 GR ) and was a World War II veteran . Personal life Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa was married to Dhan Shobha Thapa . The couple had eight children . While their ancestral house has been in a small village of Dari , Mrs . Thapa bought an English bunglow in Mcleodganj . Brigadier Thapa spent his last years in this bunglow . Brigadier Thapa has been a person of commitments and service . He was one of thr first families in the hilly town of Dharamshala to own a car . His mighty blue Ambassador would always catch attention of the passers - by . His best friend was Mr . Nowrojee , a Parsi man whose family was the first one to settle down in Mcleodganj . Military service . Thapa joined the army in 1928 and was appointed as a second lieutenant in 1930 , joining the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles ( J & K Rif ) . In February 1948 , during operations in Kashmir during the Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 , Sher Jung Thapa , while holding the rank of lieutenant colonel , commanded a force of about 100 men during a six - month - long siege in Skardu in the Ladakh region . Facing a force of about 600 men — mainly tribesmen and rebels from the State Forces that were equipped with 3 inch mortars and medium machine gun s ( MMGs ) — Thap ' s men held out and he was later awarded the Mahavir Chakra ( MVC ) . He was the first Nepalese to reach the rank of acting brigadier in 1954 . Later , on 1 January 1960 , this was made substantive in the regular Indian Army , although he retired six months later in June 1960 . Military decorations . Mahavir Chakra ( 1948 ) , General Service Medal , 1947 Class J & K , Indian Independence Medal , War Medal , India Service Medal , Military Service Medal .
Monzón Castle Monzón Castle is a fortress located in Monzón , Spain . Built during the tenth century by the Banu Hud dynasty of the Taifa of Zaragoza , Aragonese forces captured the castle in 1089 when it was conquered by Sancho Ramírez . In 1143 the castle passed to the Templars who added walls , towers , stables , a dining hall and dormitories . King James I of Aragon lived in the fort under Templar protection during his childhood . In 1309 , at the time of the dissolution of the Templars , the castle was besieged and captured by the army of James II of Aragon . The fort continued to maintain garrisons until the nineteenth century which led to the logical evolution in their walls and defenses , and their appearance today reflects their eighteenth century configuration . Monzón Castle is today partially restored and is designated as a National Monument .
Platoon leader A platoon leader ( NATO ) or platoon commander ( more common in Commonwealth militaries and the US Marine Corps ) is the officer in command of a platoon . This person is usually a junior officer — a second or first lieutenant or an equivalent rank . The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant . Some special units , such as specific aviation platoons and special forces , require a captain as platoon leader , due to the nature and increased responsibility of such assignments . Platoons normally consist of three or four sections ( Commonwealth ) or squad s ( US ) .
Hans Kirn Hans Kirn ( 8 August 1920 – 29 November 2007 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
6th Transportation Battalion ( United States ) The 6th Transportation Battalion is a transportation battalion of the United States Army first constituted in 1943 . Since its formation the 6th Transportation Battalion has participated in World War II , Vietnam , Desert Storm , Operation New Dawn . The battalion ' s inactivation ceremony was held on 28 August 2012 . Operation New Dawn 2011 - 2012 . The battalion returned from a one year deployment to Kuwait in March / April 2012 . Lineage . Constituted 17 June 1943 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 6th Quartermaster Troop Transport Battalion Activated 26 August 1943 at Fort Devens , Massachusetts Reorganized and redesignated 20 November 1943 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 6th Quartermaster Battalion , Mobile Converted and redesignated 1 August 1946 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 6th Transportation Corps Truck Battalion Redesignated 22 April 1947 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 6th Transportation Truck Battalion Inactivated 19 January 1949 in Germany Redesignated 16 July 1952 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company , 6th Transportation Truck Battalion , and allotted to the Regular Army Activated 15 August 1952 at Fort Eustis , Virginia Reorganized and redesignated 20 February 1959 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 6th Transportation Battalion Inactivated 14 June 1972 at Oakland Army Base , California Activated 16 March 1979 at Fort Eustis , Virginia Campaign participation credit . World War II : Northern France ; Rhineland ; Central Europe Vietnam : Counteroffensive , Phase II ; Counteroffensive , Phase III ; Tet Counteroffensive ; Counteroffensive , Phase IV ; Counteroffensive , Phase V ; Counteroffensive , Phase VI ; Tet 69 / Counteroffensive ; Summer - Fall 1969 ; Winter - Spring 1970 ; Sanctuary Counteroffensive ; Counteroffensive , Phase VII ; Consolidation I ; Consolidation II ; Cease - Fire Southwest Asia : Defense of Saudi Arabia ; Liberation and Defense of Kuwait ; Cease - Fire Iraq Campaign
2nd Naval Infantry Division ( Germany ) The 2nd Naval Infantry Division ( German : " 2 . Marine - Infanterie - Division " ) was formed in March 1945 in the region of Schleswig - Holstein from Kriegsmarine personnel no longer required to crew ships or for shore establishments . The division was deployed in defensive operations in north - west Germany and fought in actions against British forces at Rethem near Verden and Visselhovede . While in withdrawal following operations in the region of Bremen it was defeated and captured by advancing British forces in its home region of Schleswig - Holstein in May 1945 . According to author Richard Jackson , it was planned to be part of SS General Felix Steiner ' s abortive counterattack to relieve Berlin in late April 1945 , along with the 7th Panzer Division and 25th Panzergrenadier Division .
Samuel John Atlee Samuel John Atlee ( 1739 – November 25 , 1786 ) was an American soldier and statesman from Lancaster , Pennsylvania . He was a delegate to the Continental Congress for Pennsylvania from 1778 to 1782 . Early life . Samuel was born in Trenton , New Jersey , but his family moved to Lancaster before he was seven . He was educated at home , and began the study of law . But his studies were interrupted by the French and Indian War . Military career . In 1756 he joined the Lancaster company and was commissioned as an ensign . He served on the Forbes Expedition to Fort Duquesne in 1758 , and by 1759 he was a Captain . In 1776 Pennsylvania began raising new units for the Continental Army , and on March 21 , 1776 , Atlee was named Colonel of a unit , the " Pennsylvania Musketry Battalion " . Once they were organized , he led them north to the defense of New York City . During the Battle of Long Island on August 27 , 1776 he led the original defense of the " Old Stone House " in Brooklyn , New York . The house was situated on high ground and covered the American withdrawal . Atlee ' s force was driven from the house , but General William Alexander ( American general ) came to support him . The Americans twice recaptured the house . The defenders directly engaged three British regiments , led by General Cornwallis . They held out until noon , allowing most of the Continental forces in Brooklyn to successfully withdraw to the Brooklyn Heights . At last , surrounded and cut off by the Hessians , General Alexander surrendered in the early afternoon . While watching this action from fortifications to the north on Brooklyn Heights , General Washington remarked , " " Good God , what brave men must I lose this day ! " " Samuel Atlee remained a prisoner of war until he was exchanged in October 1778 . Political career . When Atlee returned home , the Pennsylvania Assembly named him as a delegate to the Continental Congress . He served there until 1782 . In 1782 , Lancaster County sent Atlee to the Pennsylvania Assembly . In 1783 , he became a charter member in the Pennsylvania branch of the Society of the Cincinnati , and was named the County executive for Lancaster County . In 1784 he served on the commission negotiating Indian treaties that acquired most of the remaining Native American lands in Pennsylvania . Atlee was returned to the state assembly in 1785 and 1786 . He died on November 25 , 1786 while attending a meeting of the legislature in Philadelphia , and is buried in the Christ Church Burial Ground there . The reconstructed " Old Stone House " that he defended in the battle of Brooklyn located at the corner of Fourth Avenue and Third Street , it was moved a few feet during its reconstruction and is at a higher grade level . It is in Byrne Park , and is open to the public on a limited basis .