naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
XIII Brigade , Royal Horse Artillery XIII Brigade , Royal Horse Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Horse Artillery which existed in the early part of the 20th Century . It was dissolved at the outbreak of World War I as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations . Formation . Royal Horse Artillery brigades did not exist as an organizational or operational grouping of batteries until 1 July 1859 when the Horse Brigade , Royal Artillery was formed . The brigade system was extend to five ( later six ) brigades when the horse artillery of the Honourable East India Company had been transferred to the British Army in 1861 . These brigades were reduced to five in 1871 , then to three ( of 10 batteries each ) in 1877 and to two ( of 13 batteries each ) in 1882 . The brigade system was finally abolished in 1889 . As battery designations were tied to the brigade that the battery was assigned to , batteries were redesignated in a bewildering sequence as they were transferred between brigades . For example , E Battery of C Brigade ( E / C Bty ) might become N Battery of A Brigade ( N / A Bty ) upon transfer . Henceforth , batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation . The brigade system was revived in 1901 . Each brigade now commanded just two batteries and a small staff ( a Lieutenant - Colonel in command , an adjutant and a brigade sergeant major ) . Initially , batteries were not assigned to brigades in any particular order , but in 1906 , at the insistence of Edward VII , brigades were redesignated so that batteries were roughly in order of seniority ( hence I Brigade commanded A Battery and B Battery ) . XIII Brigade , RHA was formed on 1 March 1901 as the III Brigade - Division , RHA with X Battery and Y Battery . In 1903 it was redesignated as III Brigade , RHA and was stationed at St John ' s Wood ( X Battery ) and Aldershot ( Y Battery ) . On 1 October 1906 , it was redesignated as XIII Brigade , RHA . By the time World War I broke out , the brigade was in Mhow , India assigned to 5th ( Mhow ) Division . On mobilization , X Battery was assigned to the newly formed II Indian Brigade , RHA with 2nd Indian Cavalry Division ( attached to 5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade ) and sailed for the Western Front in November 1914 . Y Battery sailed for the United Kingdom in December 1914 . In January 1915 , it joined XV Brigade , RHA at Leamington and was assigned to 29th Division . With the departure of its batteries , the brigade HQ was dissolved on 22 December 1914 .
Rudolf Medek Rudolf Medek ( 8 January 1890 in Hradec Králové – 22 August 1940 ) was a Czech poet , army - related prose writer , and a general in the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia . In 1919 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order by George V which he sent back after the Munich Agreement , as he did with his Légion d ' honneur insignia . He was the father of the musician and journalist Ivan Medek , and the painter Mikuláš Medek .
Herbert Taylor Reade Herbert Taylor Reade VC CB ( 2 September 1828 , Perth , Upper Canada – 23 June 1897 , Bath ) , was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He became a Doctor of Medicine in 1850 , and joined the British Army as an Assistant Surgeon in November of that same year . Details . He was 28 years old , and a Surgeon in the 61st Regiment ( later The Gloucestershire Regiment ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place during the Siege of Delhi for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . He later achieved the rank of Surgeon General , and retired in 1887 . After his military service , he served as a surgeon to Queen Victoria . Reade is buried at Locksbrook Cemetery , Bath , Somerset , England . His headstone in located in section FJ , Grave 864 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum .
HMS Pitcairn ( K589 ) HMS " Pitcairn " ( K589 ) was a Colony - class frigate of the United Kingdom that served during World War II . She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the " Tacoma " - class patrol frigate USS " Pilford " ( PF - 85 ) and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion . Construction and acquisition . The ship , originally designated a " patrol gunboat , " PG - 193 , was ordered by the United States Maritime Commission under a U . S . Navy contract as USS " Pilford " . She was reclassified as a " patrol frigate , " PF - 85 , on 15 April 1943 and laid down by the Walsh - Kaiser Company at Providence , Rhode Island , on 14 September 1943 . Intended for transfer to the United Kingdom , the ship was renamed " Pitcairn " by the British prior to launching and was launched on 15 October 1943 . Service history . Transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend - Lease on 6 July 1944 , the ship was commissioned by the Royal Navy on 7 July 1944 as HMS " Pitcairn " ( K589 ) . She served on patrol and escort duty . Disposal . The United Kingdom returned " Pitcairn " to the U . S . Navy on 11 June 1946 . She was stricken from the U . S . Naval Vessel Register on 3 July 1946 and transferred for disposal to the U . S . Maritime Commission , which sold her to the John J . Duane Company of Quincy , Massachusetts , on 5 November 1947 for scrapping .
General of the Army General of the Army ( GA ) is a military rank used ( primarily used in the United States of America ) to denote a senior military leader , usually a general in command of a nation ' s army . It may also be the title given to a general who commands an army in the field . The rank is typically considered the equivalent of marshal , field marshal , fleet admiral and other equivalent five - star rank s . The rank of grand general , which may also be considered a General of the Army equivalent , has appeared most often in fiction , although it is the literal translation of " da jiang " . The rank of " General of the Army " should not be confused with the title " army general " ; the rank of " General of the Army " is usually the equivalent of a five - star rank , and theoretically corresponds to overall command of an entire national army , whereas the title of " army general " is usually held by the equivalent of a four - star general , and corresponds to the command of an individual army in the field . General of the Army ranks by country . Liberia The highest army rank in Liberia is " five - star " General of the Army ( or field marshal ) . The rank is held by the Liberian President and Commander - in - Chief and was first used by Samuel Doe ( 1951 – 1990 ) who promoted himself from master sergeant to the rank after seizing control of the nation . The insignia of grade was worn as five stars in a row on the collar and a circle of five stars on headgear . The rank was later worn as a circle of five gold stars on the collar by President Charles Taylor ( b . 1948 ) . The senior professional military rank in the Liberian army is now usually a " two - star " officer .
Sorokin Ivan Sorokin Ivan , Ivan Luka ' s son Sorokin ( 4 December 1884 - 3 November 1918 ) was a famous red cossack of Kuban origin , creator and ataman of first red cossack troops in this region , one of the famous commanders of Red Army . Can be classified as red cossack for his strong support of democracy in the form of Soviet government under red banners and participator in Red Army .
Castle Clinton Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton , once known as Castle Garden , is a circular sandstone fort now located in Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan Island , New York City , in the United States . It is perhaps best remembered as America ' s first immigration station ( predating Ellis Island ) , where more than 8 million people arrived in the U . S . from 1855 to 1890 . Over its active life , it has also functioned as a beer garden , exhibition hall , theater , public aquarium , and finally today as a national monument . History . Today , Castle Clinton stands approximately two blocks west of where Fort Amsterdam stood almost 400 years ago , when New York City was still known by the Dutch name New Amsterdam . Construction began in 1808 and was completed in 1811 . The fort , known as West Battery ( sometimes South - west Battery ) , was designed by architects John McComb Jr . and Jonathan Williams . It was built on a small artificial island just off shore . West Battery was intended to complement the three - tiered Castle Williams on Governors Island , which was East Battery , to defend New York City from British forces in the tensions that marked the run - up to the War of 1812 , but never saw action in that or any war . Subsequent landfill expanded Battery Park , and incorporated the fort into the mainland of Manhattan Island . As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service , Castle Clinton National Monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . Castle Clinton National Monument . Although Castle Garden was designated a national monument on August 12 , 1946 , the law did not take effect until July 18 , 1950 , when the legislature and the governor of New York ( Thomas Dewey ) formally ceded ownership of the property to the Federal Government . A major rehabilitation took place in the 1970s . Today it is administered by the National Park Service and is a departure point for visitors to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island . It appears much as it did in its earliest days , contains a museum , and is again called Castle Clinton .
Ian Campbell - Gray Lieutenant - Colonel Sir Ian Douglas Campbell - Gray ( 14 July 1901 – 21 March 1946 ) was a British soldier serving in the Royal Engineers . His parents were Henry Tufnell Campbell and Ethel Evely Gray Campbell , Baroness Gray . He married Lady Diana Cavendish on 7 July 1942 . He competed in the individual and team épée fencing events at the 1936 Summer Olympics .
Canadian Bravery Decorations The Canadian Bravery Decorations are a group of Canadian medals awarded for bravery . They are part of the Canadian Honour System created in 1967 . The awards themselves were established in 1972 . The Canadian Bravery Decorations recognize courageous acts in all situations not in the presence of an armed enemy . They are as follows :
G . I . American Universities In May 1945 , the U . S . Army ' s Information and Educational Branch was ordered to establish an overseas university campus for demobilized American service men and women in Florence , Italy . Two further campuses were later established , in August 1945 : the first in the French resort town of Biarritz and the second in the English town of Shrivenham , Berkshire . These three campuses were set up to provide a transition between army life and subsequent attendance at a university in the USA , and therefore students attended for just one term . Students removed their caps , and therefore the distinction between officers and enlisted personnel was eliminated . Florence American University . The first American university for service personnel was established in June 1945 at the School of Aeronautics in Florence , Italy . Some 7 , 500 soldier - students were to pass through the university during its four one - month sessions . Biarritz American University . Under General Samuel L . McCroskey , the hotels and casinos of Biarritz were converted into quarters , labs , and class spaces for U . S . service personnel . The university opened 10 August 1945 , and approximately 10 , 000 students attended at least one eight - week term . After three successful terms , the university closed in March 1946 . Shrivenham American University . Under General C . M . Thiele , a British Army Camp near Swindon was converted into a university campus . After two successful terms , the university closed in December 1945 . About 4 , 000 students attended each term .
Action of 30 May 1564 This battle took place on 30 – 31 May 1564 between the islands of Gotland and Öland , between a fleet of Allied ships , the Danes under Herluf Trolle and the Lübeckers under , and a Swedish fleet of 23 or more ships under . It was an Allied victory . Only some of the ships on each side were involved , the rest being unable to help due to the wind . On 30 May " Fortuna " was damaged and " Lange Bark " sunk , but on 31 May " Mars " was boarded by " Byens Løffue " , " Engel " and " Fuchs " before catching alight and exploding , killing most of its crew and 300 boarders . Jakob Bagge and his Second , , were taken prisoner . Swedish casualties apart from in this ship were 101 . Fleming took over the fleet and sailed it back to , while the Danes sailed to Copenhagen .
Actions of 7 / 8 May 1945 The last actions in British coastal waters and the last actions of the Battle of the Atlantic took place on 7 / 8 May 1945 . Background . During the first five months of 1945 , the U - boat Arm ( UbW ) of the German Navy dispatched 125 U boat patrols to the Atlantic , operating principally in British coastal waters . By 5 May , just 29 were still at large . Actions . On the morning of 7 May , " U - 320 " — a modified Type VIIC / 41 boat under O / L H Emmerich — was two days into her first operational patrol and running submerged , when she was detected by an RAF Catalina under Flt / Lt KM Murray of 210 Squadron , Coastal Command . Murray attacked immediately with a pattern of depth charges . " U - 320 " was damaged but not destroyed ; Murray sighted oil , and sonobuoy s dropped by the Catalina detected hammering . Murray was unable to continue the attack and by mid - afternoon , at his Prudent Limit of Endurance ( PLE ) , was forced to abandon the hunt . Emmerich meanwhile headed for Norway , abandoning his crippled boat the following day . Emmerich and all his crew survived . " U - 320 " was the last U - boat to be sunk in action during the Battle of the Atlantic . Also on 7 May , — a modified Type VIIC / 41 under K / L H Schroeteler — sighted a group of Norwegian minesweeper s off Portland Bill . In his first successful attack since the patrol started , in March , he struck . His torpedoes hit " NYMS 382 " , which sank with the loss of 22 men . At around the same time , " U - 2336 " — a Type XXIII under O / L E Klusmeier seven days into her first operational patrol — sighted a British convoy in the Firth of Forth . Firing his two torpedoes , Klusmeier hit freighter s " Sneland " and " Avondale Park " , which both sank . Nine men were lost altogether . Both U - boats escaped . These actions took place in the evening of 7 May 1945 , just hours before the German surrender . Conclusion . These were the last ships to be sunk by enemy action in the Battle of the Atlantic , nearly five and a half years after the first shot was fired .
Milan Rađenković Milan Rađenković was a general in the Royal Yugoslav Army who commanded the 1st Army during the German - led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II . Rađenković ' s command consisted of the Potisje , Senta and Sombor Division s and the 3rd Cavalry Division . The 1st Army was responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza .
MIKE Force The Mobile Strike Force Command , or MIKE Force , was a key component of United States Army Special Forces in the Vietnam War . They served with indigenous soldiers selected and trained through the largely minority Civilian Irregular Defense Group ( CIDG ) and were led by American SF and Australian SAS . MIKE Force was a force multiplier , operating what is today called a Foreign Internal Defense mission . MIKE Force was composed of the persecuted Degar , Bahnar , Hmong , Nung , Jarai , Khmer Krom , and Montagnards . MIKE Force was active under MACV , Army Special Forces , from 1964 to 1970 and under ARVN until 1974 . MIKE Force waged special warfare against the Viet Minh , NLF ( Viet Cong ) , and PAVN ( North Vietnamese Army ) oppressors in various detachments , volunteering in support of MIKE Force missions . MIKE Force ' s mission was to act as a country - wide quick reaction force for securing , reinforcing , and recapturing CIDG A Camps , as well as to conduct special reconnaissance patrols . Search and rescue and search and destroy missions were also assigned . The conventional unit alternative to Special Forces detachments like MIKE was Tiger Force , which was primarily tasked with counter - guerrilla warfare against enemies from behind their lines that emphasized body - count rather than force multiplication . MIKE Force had a critical role in the search and rescue of downed American pilots because they were mobile and often in close proximity to the DMZ . MIKE Force also designated drop zones , landing zones , called in air strikes on high value targets , and collected intelligence during recons , much like the LRRPs . In 1970 MIKE Force was disbanded after Vietnamization ruined the loyalty of the indigenous personnel when SF were ordered to abandon them to the command of the South Vietnamese . While many Montagnards were Christian , they were still looked down upon by the Vietnamese and referred to as savages . In 1974 what indigenous personnel of the MIKE Forces remained in Vietnam were , along with their tribes of origin , systematically hunted down and murdered by the North Vietnamese when they took over the South . Some Hmong , Nung , Montagnard , and other groups still escape and evade persecution in Vietnam while struggling for independence , much like the people of Burma who were left by Detachment 101 when , like Det . 101 , MACV was ordered home by the President .
William Thwaites General Sir William Thwaites KCB KCMG ( 1868 – 1947 ) is a former Commander of the British Army of the Rhine . Military career . Thwaites was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1887 . He served in the Second Boer War as an Adjutant in 33rd Brigade Royal Field Artillery . He served in World War I in France and Belgium becoming Commander of 141st Infantry Brigade in 1915 . He was then made General Officer Commanding 46th ( North Midland ) Infantry Division in 1916 . After the War he became Director of Military Intelligence at the War Office from 1918 , and then Director of Military Operations & Intelligence from 1922 . In 1923 he became General Officer Commanding 47th ( 2 London ) Division and in 1927 he was appointed General Officer Commanding - in - Chief for British Army of the Rhine : he was the last person to hold this post until after World War II . He was Director General of the Territorial Army from 1931 to 1933 when he retired .
John E . Moran John E . Moran ( 1856 – 1930 ) was an Captain in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine - American War . He lived and is buried in Great Falls , Montana . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Captain , Company L , 37th Infantry , U . S . Volunteers . Place and date : Near Mabitac , Laguna , Luzon , Philippine Islands , September 17 , 1900 . Entered service at : Cascade County , Mont . Born : August 23 , 1856 , Vernon , Windham County , Vt . Date of issue : June 10 , 1910 . Citation : After the attacking party had become demoralized , fearlessly led a small body of troops under a severe fire and through water waist deep in the attack against the enemy .
Maryland World War I Service Medal The Maryland World War I Service Medal was authorized for issue to citizens of the state of Maryland who volunteered for and served in either the Army or Navy of the U . S . during World War I . The state legislature authorized this medal on 13 April 1922 . Description : Bronze gilt . Marching soldiers with rifles at shoulder arms , framed in a portal with a slightly arched roof containing an outline of the state of Maryland , over which appears the word " Maryland . " Reverse " For service to state & nation in the World War 1917 - 1919 . " Ribbon six white and five red alternating stripes .
USS Micka ( DE - 176 ) USS " Micka " ( DE - 176 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided escort service against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . " Micka " was named in honor of Edward Micka who had been awarded the Navy Cross . The ship was laid down on 3 May 1943 by the Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co . , Kearny , New Jersey ; launched on 22 August 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Edward Micka , widow of Lieutenant Micka ; and commissioned on 23 September 1943 , Lt . G . C . Spencer in command . World War II Atlantic Ocean operations . Assigned to Escort Division 24 " Micka " guarded merchantmen and naval supply vessels plying the waters of the eastern Atlantic from Recife , Brazil , to New York until 12 November 1944 . She then reported at Recife for three months of mid - ocean anti - submarine patrols with the U . S . 4th Fleet . Detached in March 1945 , she steamed north ; served briefly with the Eastern Sea Frontier on anti - submarine patrol ; and then completed a round trip voyage to Oran , Algeria , as convoy escort . On 11 June she entered the Charleston , South Carolina , Navy Yard for overhaul preparatory to her transfer to the Pacific . Transfer to the Pacific at war ' s end . " Micka " arrived at Pearl Harbor on 15 August , the day after Japan agreed to surrender under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration . She remained in Hawaii , conducting local exercises , until 18 December , when , with over 300 naval passengers , she got underway for the east coast . She disembarked her passengers at Boston , Massachusetts , on 6 January and sailed at the end of the month for Green Cove Springs , Florida . Post - War decommissioning . At Green Cove Springs she decommissioned and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet on 14 June 1946 . " Micka " remained berthed in the St . Johns River until struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 August 1965 , and sold for scrapping to Peck Iron & Metals Co . , on 15 May 1967 . External links .
William Thaw II Lieutenant Colonel William Thaw II ( ) was a World War I flying ace credited with five confirmed and two unconfirmed aerial victories . He is believed to be the first American to engage in aerial combat in the war . He was the first to fly up the East River under all four bridges . Early life . He was born on August 12 , 1893 to Benjamin Thaw , Sr . He learned to fly in 1913 , while he was attending Yale University . His father bought him a Curtiss Hydro flying boat that he took to France for the Schneider Trophy races . When war broke out , Thaw gave his airplane to the French and enlisted in the Foreign Legion . Military career . He joined " Escadrille 6 " . He then became a corporal in " Escadrille 42 " in 1915 , flying a Caudron . He flew a Nieuport in " Escadrille 65 " , before transferring into a French unit composed of American volunteers , known as the Escadrille Americaine , Escadrille 124 under its new designation became nicknamed the Lafayette Escadrille . Thaw scored his first victory using a Nieuport on 24 May 1916 . His next kill was on 27 April 1917 . He had two unconfirmed claims in late 1917 . He was transferred to the United States Army Air Service , where he commanded the 103rd Aero Squadron and the 3rd Pursuit Group . He would score three quick wins in April and May 1918 . His final tally was one enemy observation balloon and four airplanes shot down . Thaw has been credited with purchasing the Escadrille ' s famed pet lion " Whiskey " . Purchased by several pilots for 500 francs , the lion was adopted by the unit as a sort of mascot . Eventually the pair were taken to a Paris Zoo , but still remembered the pilot . In one visit , the lions rolled over on their backs in their cage in order to allow Thaw to pet them . Final years . He married Marjorie Everts on March 2 , 1921 . He died of pneumonia on 22 April 1934 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He was buried in Allegheny Cemetery . His widow died in 1936 .