naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
7th Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment 7th ( City of Belfast ) Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment ( 7 UDR ) was formed in 1970 as part of the 7 original battalion s specified in the The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969 , which received Royal Assent on 18 December 1969 and was brought into force on 1 January 1970 . It was amalgamated with the 10th Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment in 1984 to form the 7th / 10th ( City of Belfast ) Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment . History . Along with the other 6 original battalions , 7 UDR commenced operational duties on 1 April 1970 . The first training major ( TISO - training intelligence and security officer ) was Major RW Wilson , Royal Welsh Fusiliers , who took up his appointment at Palace Barracks , Holywood just outside Belfast . Part of his job was to find accommodation for the various companies of the new battalion . Where possible accommodation was sought in army bases although the old Ulster Special Constabulary platoon huts were vacant and available . To have used those would have attracted criticism from those who were already claiming that the UDR was the B Specials under a new name . Recruitment . The appointment of Non - commissioned officer s ( NCOs ) was carried out in a variety of ways . In most cases men were selected who had previously held non commissioned rank in any of the armed forces or the USC . The filling of senior NCO posts in this manner did have a drawback in that many men of comparatively young ages who had considerable years of service before retirement or promotion created a " promotion block " Intimidation . Protestant and Catholic soldiers were both intimidated out of the regiment . Following the introduction of internment however more Catholic soldiers found themselves the subject of intimidation from within their own community . Uniform , armament & equipment . See : Ulster Defence Regiment Uniform , armament & equipment Casualties . The first soldier from the battalion to be killed was Private Sean Russell , aged 30 ( D Company ) who was killed as he sat at home with his wife and five children in the predominantly Catholic New Barnsley estate in Belfast . Private Russell was also the first Catholic UDR soldier to be killed by the Provisional IRA . Following his death 40 Catholics resigned from the regiment .
Derk - Elsko Bruins Derk Elsko Bruins ( 1923 – 1986 ) was an Oberscharführer in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Derk Elsko Bruins was born on the 20 March 1923 , in Vlagtwedde in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands . World War II . In 1941 , he volunteered to join the Waffen SS and was posted to the 1st Company , SS Panzerjäger Battalion 54 SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland and trained as a Panzerjäger . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on the 23 August 1944 , for the destruction of twelve tanks in the Battle of Narva . At the end of July the 23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division " Nederland " had been forced to withdraw to a new front line . During the withdrawal , the SS Panzergrenadier Regiment 48 , had been left behind . On the morning on 27 July Bruins platoon was ordered to try to locate the missing Regiment believed to have been cut off about ten kilometers away . Setting out with three assault guns he located a Soviet tank patrol and in the small battle two of his assault guns were put out of action and two Soviet tanks destroyed . Not wanting to advance further by himself he located a position he could watch out for the missing regiment . Shortly afterwards , he observed some Soviet tanks approaching , he engaged the approaching tanks and destroyed five T - 34 s and disabled another . Running short on ammunition , he decided to return to the German lines . On the way back he engaged and destroyed a further five tanks . Post war . At the end of the war , Bruins was captured by a Canadian Army unit and handed over to the Dutch authorities . He was held in a Dutch prison from which he soon escaped and fled to Germany . In 1950 , he married a German girl and was given German citizenship . This made it impossible for the Dutch authorities to pursue him and stopped trying to get him returned to the Netherlands in 1955 . Bruins became a successful businessman and kept in contact with his former comrades , until his death on the 5 February 1986 , in Gerolstein Germany .
Cape Henry Memorial The Cape Henry Memorial commemorates the first landfall at Cape Henry , in Virginia Beach , Virginia , of colonists bound for the Jamestown settlement . After landing on April 26 , 1607 , they explored the area , named the cape , and set up a cross before proceeding up the James River . A stone cross , set up in 1935 by the Daughters of the American Colonists , stands in the quarter - acre site . The memorial marks the First Landing , the very beginning of what would become British North America and subsequently Anglo Canada and the United States of America . The Memorial also overlooks the scene of the Battle of the Virginia Capes , in which the French navy prevented the British from reinforcing General Cornwallis , and led to the Franco - American victory at Yorktown . A statue of Admiral Comte de Grasse and a granite memorial honor those who fought in the battle . The Cape Henry Memorial is within Joint Expeditionary Base East , but is an isolated unit of Colonial National Historical Park . A national park passport stamp for the Memorial can be obtained at the adjacent Old Cape Henry Light ( not formally part of the Memorial ) .
Charles Weston , 3rd Earl of Portland Charles Weston , 3rd Earl of Portland ( 19 May 1639 – 3 June 1665 ) was the only son and heir of the 2nd Earl of Portland and Lady Frances Stuart . He succeeded his father as Earl of Portland in 1663 . He was killed in the Battle of Lowestoft . Since he never married to produce a direct heir , his title passed to his uncle , Thomas Weston .
The Official History of Australia ' s Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948 – 1975 The Official History of Australia ' s Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948 – 1975 covers Australia ' s involvement in the Malayan Emergency , Indonesia – Malaysia confrontation and Vietnam War . The series is an official history and was funded by the Australian Government and published by Allen & Unwin in association with the Australian War Memorial . Peter Edwards was appointed the official historian for the series in 1982 . The series comprises nine volumes , which were published between 1992 and 2012 . A single - volume summary of the series is under consideration . Publishing history . The nine volumes in the series are :
Allende - class frigate Allende class is the name of anti - submarine frigates used by the Mexican Navy . Allende class frigates are former United States Navy " Knox " - class frigates , and they were bought in 1997 . They form the Mexican Gulf Fleet of the Mexican Navy . They are used for anti - submarine and offshore patrol duties . This is because weapons are reduced to only one 127 mm Mk 42 DP gun and four fixed ASW torpedo launchers . Electronic combat systems are also reduced and consist only of one gun fire control System . Western Electric SPG - 53F and one MK 114 ASW fire control system for ASW torpedo s of 324 mm . All hulls have ASROC Mk 16 octuble launcher system . Allende class frigates can operate one small on - board helicopter ( MBB Bo 105 ) .
USS Menifee ( APA - 202 ) USS " Menifee " ( APA - 202 ) was a that saw service with the US Navy in World War II and the Korean War . " Menifee " was laid down as MCV Hull No . 670 by Kaiser Shipbuilding of Vancouver , Washington on 21 July 1944 ; launched 15 October 1944 , and commissioned 4 November 1944 , Comdr . Paul P . Spaulding , USNR , in command . Operational history . World War II . " Menifee " reported to ComPhibsTraPac for intensive amphibious training 8 December 1944 and within a month was underway for Hawaii with US Navy and Marine personnel and cargo . Unloading her initial cargo and passengers at Honolulu 15 January 1945 , she departed for the South Pacific on the 27th . On 5 February , she arrived at Guadalcanal for further training exercises in preparation for the Okinawa campaign . Invasion of Okinawa . On 1 April , " Menifee " arrived in the transport area off Okinawa with cargo and units of the 6th Marine Division on board . Remaining in the area through the 4th , she landed her troops during the first 2 days and discharged her cargo on the 3d and 4th . On the 5th , she got underway for the United States , arriving at San Francisco 11 May to take on Army personnel and cargo bound for the Philippines . By 19 June , " Menifee " had discharged her passengers and cargo at Leyte and was underway for a quick cargo run to Milne Bay , New Guinea . Upon her return from the Netherlands East Indies , she headed back to California , arriving San Pedro 2 August . After hostilities . After the cessation of hostilities in the Pacific , " Menifee " continued ferrying occupation troops to Japan and war - weary veterans back to the United States . Released from Magic Carpet duty in early 1946 , she reported to the 19th Fleet 9 March and upon decommissioning 31 July , was berthed at Stockton . Korean War . With the outbreak of hostilities in Korea , " Menifee " was retrieved from the " mothball fleet " and recommissioned 2 December 1950 . Assigned once more to the Amphibious Force , Pacific Fleet , she completed two extended tours of duty in the western Pacific before inactivating a second time in 1955 . From April 1951 to March 1952 , " Menifee " ferried troops between Japan and Korea and within Korean waters , insuring through her mobility , the distribution of U . N . forces according to need . During her second WestPac deployment , August 1953 to April 1954 , she took part in extensive amphibious training exercises with American and Korean Marines and served as flagship for Operation " Big Lift " , the transfer of neutral Indian troops to the peace conference in Panmunjom . Decommissioning . On 29 June 1955 , " Menifee " was placed out of commission in reserve , assigned to the San Francisco Group , Pacific Reserve Fleet . She was struck from the Navy Vessel Register 1 October and transferred to the Maritime Commission . In 1969 , she was berthed at Suisun Bay in the National Defense Reserve Fleet . Decorations . " Menifee " received one battle star for World War II service and two for Korean service .
2nd Kentucky Infantry The 2nd Kentucky Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It was part of the First Kentucky Brigade . Service . The 2nd Kentucky Infantry was organized in August 1861 , at Camp Boone in Montgomery County , Tennessee , and became part of the Orphan Brigade . The men were recruited from Hickman , Fayette , Bullitt , Jefferson , Graves , Franklin , Harrison , Scott , Owen , Bourbon , and Anderson counties . In October of that same year , the regiment contained 832 men and , at the Battle of Fort Donelson , its force of 618 was captured . After being exchanged , the reconstituted regiment saw action at the Battle of Shiloh . It later was assigned to Hanson ' s , Helm ' s , and J . H . Lewis ' Brigade . The 2nd Kentucky Infantry was involved in the battles of Murfreesboro and Chickamauga . It reported 13 killed , 70 wounded , and 21 missing at Murfreesboro , lost fifty - two percent of the 302 engaged at Chickamauga , and totaled 293 men and 214 arms in December 1863 . The following summer , the regiment participated in the Atlanta Campaign . During fall 1864 , the unit served as mounted infantry and took part in the defense of Savannah and the subsequent Carolinas Campaign in early 1865 . On April 26 , 1865 , it surrendered with the Army of Tennessee at Washington , Georgia .
Geumjeongsanseong Geumjeongsanseong ( literally Geungjeong Mountain Fortress or Geumjeong Fortress ) is the largest mountain fortress in the Republic of Korea today . It is located on Geumjeongsan in the Busan Metropolitan City . Following the Japanese invasion of 1592 and the Manchu invasion in 1627 and again in 1637 , awareness of the necessity of national defence was heightened , especially against attacks from the sea . As a result of this awareness , this fortress was built in the 29th year ( 1703 ) of the reign of King Sukjong . The inner and the outer walls were mainly built of natural stones , but weak portions were reinforced with artificially worked square stone blocks . The walls are about 17 kilometers in length and from 1 . 5 meters to 3 meters in height . The area surrounded by the fortress is about 8 . 2 square kilometers . It is clear that fortresses had been already built on this site before 1700 . Yi Chi - hong , a naval commander , left a record in 1667 in which he mentions traces of an old fortress on the site . The construction of the fortress began in 1701 at the recommendation of Jo Tae - dong , the Governor of Gyeongsang - do , and was completed in 1702 . In 1707 the walls were built around the main structure of the fortress . This fortress fell to disuse because it was too large to maintain . After lying empty for a century , it was repaired in 1807 , the seventh year of the reign of King Sunjo . Oh Han - won , the Dongnae Magistrate , took the responsibility for building the west gate in 1807 , and the other gates the following year . There is a stele recording the building of the gates . The fortress was destroyed during the Japanese occupation ( 1910 - 1945 ) , but began to be restored in 1972 . The East , West and South gates were restored by 1974 and the north gate was rebuilt in 1989 . Today , thanks to the restoration efforts , much of the walls and the four gates still stand . Of the 4 existing observation towers , the tower number 1 ( 제1망루 ) located on the south - west side was destroyed by the typhoon Rusa on the morning of September 1 , 2002 . The area around the South Gate is a popular resting place . The West Gate , even though it is the most impressive of the four , is the less frequented one due to its lack of accessibility . Restoration work . Since much of the fortress had been destroyed during the Japanese occupation , restoration work was started in 1972 . In 1974 The East , West and South Gates were restored and the North Gate was rebuilt in 1989 . More restoration works , commissioned by the Busan City Council , are currently under way . This restoration is taking place over a period of 15 years and is divided in 3 phases of 5 years between 1996 and 2010 .
Stanley Rogers Resor Stanley Rogers Resor ( December 5 , 1917 – April 17 , 2012 ) was an American lawyer , United States military officer , and government official . Life and career . Born in New York City , he was the son of Helen Lansdowne Resor and Stanley B . Resor ( pronounced REE - zor ) , president of the J . W . Thompson advertising agency and one of the originators of the modern advertising industry . While still a teenager he changed his name from Stanley Burnet Resor Jr . to Stanley Rogers Resor . The elder Resor graduated from Yale University in 1901 , and his son followed him there after attending the Groton School , and graduated from Yale in 1939 , where he was tapped to join Scroll and Key . He went on to Yale Law School where he was a contemporary of Sargent Shriver ( also a member of Scroll and Key ) , Gerald Ford , and Cyrus Vance ( who preceded him as Secretary of the Army and himself was a member of Scroll and Key and in the same year at Yale ) . Resor ' s education was interrupted by service as an Army officer in World War II ( 1942 – 1946 ) , where he was awarded the Silver Star , Bronze Star , and the Purple Heart . After the war he went to work on Wall Street , and was made partner in the prominent Debevoise & Plimpton law firm . In 1965 during the Vietnam War , President Lyndon Johnson appointed him Secretary of the Army and he remained in the position under President Richard Nixon until 1971 . In 1984 , he was awarded the United States Military Academy ' s Sylvanus Thayer Award . During the 1970s he served as US ambassador to the MBFR ( mutual and balanced force reduction ) talks in Vienna , held between NATO and the Warsaw Pact . Over time he grew critical of U . S . policy regarding nuclear weapons , and was a member of and spokesperson for the Arms Control Association of America in 1997 when it protested NATO expansion into Eastern Europe based on concerns about the reaction of the Russia n government to perceived encroachment by NATO . He returned to Debevoise & Plimpton after he left government service and retired in 1991 . Resor married Jane Pillsbury of the Pillsbury family in 1942 in a ceremony attended by John F . Kennedy and Cyrus Vance . They had seven sons . After Jane ' s death in 1994 he married Louise Mead Resor in 1999 . Throughout his life he was a strong supporter of education and the rule of law , particularly for protecting the rights of women , children , and minorities , preventing international conflict , and protecting the environment .
Werner Ebeling Werner Ebeling ( 21 November 1913 – 25 August 2008 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a Generalmajor in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He commanded the 11 . Panzergrenadier - Division of the Bundeswehr from 15 January 1968 to 30 September 1970 .
Women Airforce Service Pilots Badge The Women Airforce Service Pilots Badge is a decoration of the United States Army that was issued during the Second World War . The badge created for the Women Airforce Service Pilots , or WASP ( not WASPs , because the acronym already includes the plural " Pilots " ) , was awarded to more than a thousand women who had qualified for employment as civilian , non - combat pilots of military aircraft used by the U . S . Army Air Forces during WWII . The first wings were privately and hastily designed and paid for out of the pockets of Floyd Odlum and his wife , Jacqueline Cochran , who in 1942 became the head of WASP . The first seven classes of WASP flight school graduates in 1943 were issued silver wings with a central shield - shaped escutcheon , with the class number engraved on it . On the scroll above the shield , where the " 999th " appears , was the squadron number of the Training Command . The first two classes were marked with the 319th , and thereafter the 318th for the remaining five classes in 1943 . Classes graduating in 1944 and thereafter were issued the newly designed official Army Air Forces WASP wings with a diamond - shaped lozenge in the center . Unlike the earlier WASP wing design , with its central shield - shaped escutcheon , the new silver badge conformed to heraldic tradition by incorporating a lozenge centered between two wings . In heraldic usage , a lozenge is the traditional shape of a woman ' s coat of arms . It is said to have been selected for its resemblance to the shape of the shield carried by Athena , the Greek goddess of wisdom , weaving , crafts , and war . This design was used until the deactivation of WASP in December 1944 . There were no more WASP wings authorized after that . Following the 1947 creation of the United States Air Force , the next appearance of women Air Force pilots was in the 1970s , at which time all Air Force pilots were authorized to wear the same wing badge .
Robert H . Smith - class destroyer The " Robert H . Smith " class of destroyer minelayer s was built by the United States during World War II . These vessels were all originally laid down as " Allen M . Sumner " class destroyers and converted during construction throughout 1944 . In that time the United States produced 12 " Robert H . Smith " class destroyer minelayers . None of the " Robert H . Smith " class vessels ever laid a mine in wartime , though they were frequently employed in minesweeping . Minelayers did not carry torpedo tubes . Otherwise they were used interchangeably with other destroyer types .
Fitz Henry Warren Fitz Henry Warren ( January 11 , 1816 – June 1878 ) was a politician and a general during the American Civil War . Early life and career . Warren was born in Brimfield , Massachusetts . In August 1844 , he moved to Burlington in the Iowa Territory . He was an early political activist in the Whig Party . He was reported to have been the first to propose the nomination of General Zachary Taylor for President . He was a delegate to the National Whig Convention in 1848 . Upon the subsequent inauguration of President Taylor , Fitz Henry Warren was appointed First Assistant Postmaster General . After the death of Taylor , Warren resigned his position in protest of President Millard Fillmore ' s support of the Fugitive Slave Law . With the growing support of Anti - Slavery Whigs , Fitz Henry Warren was made secretary of the Whig Party National Executive Committee . Warren was chairman of the Des Moines County delegation to the convention of 1856 that organized the Republican Party and nominated John C . Frémont as the first Republican presidential candidate . Civil War . In 1861 he was one of the chief editorial writers on the " New York Tribune " and the author of the controversial " On to Richmond " articles after the First Battle of Bull Run . He also was a frequent contributor to the editorial columns of the early Burlington , Iowa , " Hawkeye " . He returned to Iowa following First Bull Run and , as Colonel , helped to raise the 1st Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry . In 1862 he was promoted to brigadier general with a command in the army in Missouri under General Samuel R . Curtis . In 1863 General Warren was the leading candidate before the Republican State Convention for Governor of Iowa , but by a combination of the supporters of other candidates , Warren was defeated . Before the close of the war , he was brevetted major general . Postbellum career . In 1866 Warren was elected to the Iowa State Senate . After serving one session , he was appointed by President Andrew Johnson as the United States Minister to Guatemala where he served two years . He served as a presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1872 . He died at his native Brimfield , Massachusetts , in June 1878 and is buried in Brimfield Cemetery Brimfield , Massachusetts .