naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
46th Test Group The 46th Test Group ( 46 TG ) was a United States Air Force unit active from 1992 to 2012 . It was last active with 46th Test Wing , at Eglin Air Force Base , Florida . The 46th Test Group was stationed as a tenant unit at Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico , throughout its existence . It was inactivated on 18 July 2012 , being replaced by the 96th Test Group in an administrative reorganization . History . The Group served as the Air Force ’ s liaison with the United States Army White Sands Missile Range ( WSMR ) , interfacing with the U . S . Army and Test Center organizations . In addition , the unit provided test sponsorship for all Air Force programs testing on WSMR , assisted test program customers in preparing the documentation necessary to execute tests as well as obtaining logistic and test support resources . The 46 TG also scheduled airspace for all Air Force tests and Air Force tactical training on WSMR . On August 1 , 1970 , per Air Force Systems Command Special Order G - 94 , the Air Force Missile Development Center at Holloman AFB was inactivated and the Tactical Air Command assumed host responsibilities for the facility . Associate units and programs transferred to other locations within Air Force Systems Command . The inactivation resulted in the loss of more than 450 military and 570 civilian positions . The Test & Evaluation activities that remained were the Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility ( CIGTF ) , the High Speed Test Track , the Radar Target Scatter Facility ( RATSCAT ) , and the Target Drone Facility . These organizations were combined to form the nucleus of a Holloman AFB tenant organization , the 6585th Test Group In 1976 , AFSWC was disestablished , and the 6585th Test Group at Holloman became part of the 3246th Test Wing , Armament Development and Test Center ( ADTC ) at Eglin AFB , FL . The Group was inactivated on 30 September 1992 as part of a reorganization , with personnel and equipment being assigned to the new 46th Test Group at Holloman , upon activation it was transferred the 6585th ' s personnel , equipment and mission . It was inactivated as a result of an orgazational realignment at Eglin AFB , being replaced at Holloman by the new 96th Test Group .
German submarine U - 475 German submarine " U - 475 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out four patrols . She sank one warship and damaged another . She was scuttled in May 1945 and broken up in 1947 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 5 September 1942 in the " Deutsche Werke " , Kiel as ' werk ' 306 , launched on 28 May 1943 and commissioned on 7 July under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Otto Stoeffler . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 7 July 1941 for training and was transferred to the 8th flotilla from 1 August 1944 for operations . She was reassigned to the 4th flotilla on 16 February 1945 . 1st patrol . " U - 475 " s first patrol was preceded by a short journey from Kiel in Germany to Helsinki in Finland . The patrol itself , split into four parts , commenced with her departure from Helsinki on 11 July 1944 . On the 28th she damaged the Soviet patrol craft " MO - 107 " in Viborg Bay . 2nd patrol . Her second foray was relatively uneventful - starting in Danzig ( now Gdansk ) , on 14 October 1944 and finishing there on 17 November . 3rd patrol . The submarine steamed as far north as a point east of Stockholm before returning to Danzig ( on 4 December 1944 ) . 4th patrol . The boat ' s fourth sortie also started and finished in Danzig and at 54 days duration , was her longest . Fate . " U - 475 " had moved from Danzig to Kiel in March 1945 . She was scuttled on 3 May 1945 at Kiel - Wik . The wreck was broken up in 1947 .
German submarine U - 545 German submarine " U - 545 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down at the " Deutsche Werft " ( yard ) in Hamburg as ' werk ' 366 on 1 August 1942 , launched on 3 March 1943 and commissioned on 19 May with " Kapitänleutnant " Gert Mannesmann in command . " U - 545 " began her service career with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 19 May 1943 . She was re - assigned to the 2nd flotilla for operations on 1 December . She carried out one patrol and damaged one ship . She was a member of five wolfpack s . She was scuttled 10 February 1944 west of the Hebrides after an attack by Allied aircraft . Operational career . Patrol and loss . The boat departed Kiel on 9 December 1943 , moved through the North Sea , negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and entered the Atlantic Ocean . She damaged the " Empire Housman " on 31 December . This ship was later sunk on 3 January 1944 by " U - 744 " . The first Watch Officer ( 1WO ) , " Oberleutnant " Hans Wilkening , was swept overboard on 26 January 1944 . On 10 February 1944 " U - 545 " was scuttled following damage from an attack by a Vickers Wellington of No . 612 Squadron RAF . A Canadian Wellington from 407 Squadron RCAF was also involved , but was shot down . One man died in the U - boat ; there were 56 survivors . They were picked up by " U - 714 " and taken to St . Nazaire in France .
The Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker Complex The Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker Complex : An Illustrated History of the Seat of the Nazi Regime by Steven Lehrer recounts the history of a group of Berlin buildings , from their construction in the 18th century until their complete destruction during and after World War II . King Frederick William I of Prussia built the " Palais Schulenburg " , at Wilhelmstraße 77 , for his esteemed Lieutenant General Count . Later the " Palais " had a more distinguished owner , Prince Anton Radziwill , a Polish - Lithuanian and Prussian nobleman , aristocrat , musician and politician . A guest at the " Palais Radziwill " was Polish composer and virtuoso pianist Frédéric Chopin . During the Napoleonic Wars , Marshal Victor , the French Governor in Berlin , occupied the " Palais " . In 1875 the feuding Radziwill heirs sold the " Palais " to the German Reich . It became the " Reichskanzlerpalais " , the Chancellery of Otto von Bismarck and subsequent German Chancellors , the last being Adolf Hitler . Though Hitler lived in the old Chancellery when he was in Berlin , he ordered the building of a larger , grander structure , the New Reich Chancellery , completed January 1939 . Hitler ’ s Reich Chancellery was not only a center of government but , in Winston Churchill ’ s words , the hub of “ a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark , lamentable catalogue of human crime . ” In April 1945 , as the Soviet Army closed in , Hitler and his mistress , Eva Braun , committed suicide together in the Führerbunker which Hitler had built under the Chancellery garden .
Battle of Lihula Battle of Lihula was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of a castle in Lihula , Estonia in 1220 . The exact date remains uncertain , though some historians suggest that the battle took place on August 8 . The event is described in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle . Swedish troops , initially led by King John , had earlier in 1220 invaded the western coast of Estonia , an area not yet conquered by the Teutonic Knights . The Swedish army took the Lihula stronghold and set up a small garrison . Swedish jarl Charles the Deaf ( Swedish : " Karl Döve " ) and bishop Karl Magnusson of Linköping , both from the powerful House of Bjelbo , also remained in the castle . On August 8 , a combined Oeselian and Rotalian army encircled the castle at dawn . The castle was set ablaze in the course of the fierce battle that ensued . Swedish troops tried to make their way out , but they were killed on site except for a few soldiers that succeeded in escaping to Tallinn , which was held by Denmark . The jarl , the bishop , and almost 500 other Swedes were killed , leaving no Swedish presence in Estonia at all . The short - lived Swedish attempt to gain foothold in Estonia was motivated by the quickly advancing Danish and German crusaders who had been able to conquer most of the area in the early 13th century . Defeat in the Battle of Lihula discouraged the Swedish expansion to Estonia for more than 300 years , and the country was left for the Teutonic knights , German bishops and Denmark to divide . In the meantime , Sweden focused on Finland and the permanent conflict with Novgorod . It was not until 1561 that Sweden succeeded in establishing its rule in Estonia .
RAF Chia Keng RAF Chia Keng was a non - flying Royal Air Force station from 1948 to 1971 , a satellite station to RAF Changi . Also , it was one of the two British GCHQ radio receiving station in Singapore , the other one being RAF Jurong ( which was a satellite station to RAF Tengah ) . The base was closed down upon British forces pullout from Singapore in 1971 and has subsequently been demolished to make way for housing development projects around the area in mid 1980 ' s . The blocks of HDB apartment flats that was built over the former site is now a part of Serangoon New Town situated at Serangoon North Avenue 1 , near to the Serangoon Gardens , where some of the RAF officers used to reside in .
Francis M . Drake Francis Marion Drake ( December 30 , 1830 – November 20 , 1903 ) was an American merchant , lawyer , banker and politician who became the 16th Governor of Iowa . Biography . Drake was born in Rushville , Illinois , the son of John Adams Drake and Harriet Jane O ' Neal . He later moved to Centerville , Iowa . He got a good business education , and became a merchant . He married Mary Jane Lord on December 24 , 1855 . They had seven children . During the California Gold Rush , he led two expeditions across the plains from Iowa to California . The first one left in 1852 . During that trip with ox teams , he encountered a band of 300 Pawnee , which he defeated with little loss to his band . The second trip in 1854 escorted a herd of cattle . Returning by ship after the second trip , he was wrecked off of Point Aquilla . Eight hundred passengers were killed . During the American Civil War , he was commissioned as lieutenant colonel of the 36th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment in August 1862 . In 1864 , he was severely wounded during the Battle of Mark ' s Mills . He was mustered out in 1865 as brigadier general of volunteers . After the war , he practiced law for about six years as a criminal lawyer . Then for almost 30 years , he worked at banking and building and managing railroads . He was president of the Missouri , Iowa and Nebraska Railroad , the Indiana , Illinois and Iowa Railroad and the Albia and Centerville Railroad . He organized the Centerville National Bank , of which he was president until his death . On July 17 , 1895 , he was nominated by the Republican Party for governor of Iowa . He was elected governor by an overwhelming majority on November 5 , 1895 , serving 1896 through 1898 . He founded and endowed Drake University in Des Moines , Iowa . It was named after him , and he served as president of the board of trustees . He also contributed to other colleges and gave to churches and missionary societies of many creeds . He died in Centerville , Iowa , in 1903 , and is buried in Centerville ’ s Oakland Cemetery .
Chadian National Armed Forces The Chadian National Armed Forces ( " Forces Armées Nationales Tchadiennes " or FANT ) was the army of the central government of Chad from January 1983 , when the President Hissène Habré ' s forces , in first place his personal Armed Forces of the North ( FAN ) , were merged . Consisting of about 10 , 000 soldiers at that time , it swelled with the assimilation of former Chadian Armed Forces ( FAT ) and " codos " rebels from the south and , in 1986 , with the addition of Transitional Government of National Unity ( GUNT ) soldiers who had turned against their Libyan allies . Freshly outfitted by France and the United States , FANT drove Libyan troops from their bases in northern Chad in a series of victories in 1987 ; but it dissolved defeated by the Patriotic Salvation Movement ( MPS ) led by Idriss Déby , who conquered the capital on December 2 , 1990 .
Aulus Caecina Aulus Caecina Was the Roman general in charge of the Roman army of Germania Inferior during the mutiny of 14 AD and the subsequent Roman retaliation campaign ( from 14 – 16 AD ) against a Germanic alliance in the aftermath of the disaster at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . The first and twentieth legions were under his command . In 15 AD Caecina was awarded triumphal honours for his military achievements against the Germans that year .
Battle of Finschhafen The Battle of Finschhafen was part of the Huon Peninsula campaign during the Second World War between September and October 1943 between Australian and Japanese forces . The operation to capture Finschhafen was important to capture the western cape of the Vitiaz Strait for the construction of airfields and naval facilities for the upcoming New Britain campaign as part of Operation Cartwheel . Background . Finschhafen was occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army on 10 March 1942 . Following the landing at Nadzab and capture of Lae , the Allies attempted to exploit their success with an advance to Finschhafen to begin the Huon Peninsula campaign .
Lyman Knute Swenson Lyman Knute Swenson ( 23 October 1892 – 13 November 1942 ) , was an American naval officer . Swenson was born in Pleasant Grove , Utah and graduated from the Naval Academy on June 2 , 1916 . After service on board " Vermont " ( BB - 20 ) and , he prepared for submarine duty . After serving on board during World War I , he was given command of " H - 6 " , 26 May 1919 . In 1921 he returned to surface ships , serving in and , before commanding " Isabel " ( PY - 10 ) and then Destroyer Division 64 . " Juneau " ( CL - 52 ) came under his command 18 December 1941 while still under construction . The newly promoted captain and the newly built light cruiser were both lost in the latter stage of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 13 November 1942 . Twice torpedo ed during what historian S . E . Morison called the “ wildest most desperate sea fight since Jutland ” , " Juneau " sank rapidly , taking under the captain and most of her crew , including the five Sullivan brothers . This battle prevented the Japanese from landing reinforcements on Guadalcanal . For his “ extraordinary heroism . . . daring and determination . . . ” Captain Swenson was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer was named in his honor .
Greenhalgh Class Frigate The Greenhalgh Class frigates are the four frigates of the Type 22 class of the Royal Navy brought by Brazil in 1995 . The frigate keeps it ' s name in honor of the sailor João Guilherme Greenhalgh , a hero of the Paraguayan War . Description . The class frigates Greenhalgh , are the first four Type 22 frigate s of the Royal Navy , transferred to Brazil in the mid 90s . These are the frigate HMS Broadsword , HMS Brilliant , HMS Battleaxe and HMS Brazen . These frigates in the Navy replaced the British Leander Class Frigate s . In its construction , there was a considerable influence of project type - 21 , which originated the Niteroi frigates . During his project , and to reduce the weight and displacement of the ship , was opted to not put no gun , so its artillery cannons are the most portentous of 40mm . This error was later corrected in subsequent sub - classes of the same type of vessel , built after the Falkland War . In Brazil these Navy ships have replaced the old destroyers with ASW roles , who were still serving in the Navy of Brazil . The Greenhalgh , after the ModFrag of the Niterói class , are not the most modern ships of the Brazilian fleet and its main weakness , besides the aforementioned lack of an artillery piece , is its system of air defense that Sea - Wolf respond to current threats , is outdated . The Navy of Brazil , also requires the replacement of Exocet MM - 38 , the latest version of MM - 40 ) . However , with the class frigates and corvettes Inhaúma and Niterói , part of the most powerful force escorts of Latin America . Although there are no plans to replace these vessels , considering his life , should be serving the Brazilian Navy until 2020 , the year that every class should have already been deactivated . Among the replacement possibilities is a competition in Brazil to buy a new Frigate , between these possibilities , the Brazilian Navy had inspected the FREMM and the Type 26 these are the favorites to be acquired by the Brazilian Navy . Only one of the frigates have installed the Bofors 40mm transferred from Niteroi frigates The Greenhalgh , unlike the other three units , is equipped with Exocet MM - 40 .
George Rust General George Rust ( 1788 – 1857 ) was a general in the U . S . Army in the early 19th century and a prominent landowner in Loudoun County , Virginia . Rust was involved in the defense of Baltimore during the War of 1812 and was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1818 - 1819 and 1820 - 1823 . Rust built Rockland near Leesburg , Virginia about 1822 , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and which remains in the hands of Rust family descendants . Rust also owned Exeter , a nearby plantation . Rust ' s son was Colonel Armistead Thomson Mason Rust ( 1820 – 1887 ) , a West Point graduate who fought with the Confederate 19th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War .
Port Admiral ( United States Navy ) Port Admiral is an honorific rank in the United States Navy , for the senior officer of the ships in a naval dockyard . Examples include Samuel Livingston Breese from 1869 to 1870 in Philadelphia . The Port Admiral usually has a flagship , examples of which include for the New York Port Admiral from 1865 to 1874 .
Eugene McLanahan Wilson Eugene McLanahan Wilson ( December 25 , 1833 – April 10 , 1890 ) ( son of Edgar Campbell Wilson , grandson of Thomas Wilson of Virginia , and great - grandson of Isaac Griffin ) , was a Representative from Minnesota . Biography . Wilson was born in Morgantown , Monongalia County , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) , December 25 , 1833 . He attended the common schools and Morgantown Academy and graduated from Jefferson College , Canonsburg , PA , in 1852 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Winona , Minnesota . He served as United States Attorney for the District of Minnesota with residence in Minneapolis from 1857 to 1861 , and thereafter continued the practice of law in Minneapolis . Wilson served in the Union Army during the Civil War as captain of Company A , First Minnesota Mounted Rangers ; elected as a Democrat to the Forty - first Congress ( March 4 , 1869 – March 3 , 1871 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1870 . He resumed the practice of law , and was elected mayor of Minneapolis in 1872 and 1874 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1874 to the Forty - fourth Congress . He served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876 , and was a member of the Minnesota Senate in 1878 and 1879 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Minnesota in 1888 . Wilson remained active in social as well as political affairs in Minnesota . He was twice president of the Minneapolis Club , in 1886 and 1890 . Wilson died while on a visit to regain his health in Nassau , New Providence Island , British West Indies , April 10 , 1890 . He was interred in Lakewood Cemetery , Minneapolis , Minnesota . Retrieved on 2009 - 04 - 13
Erwin Diekwisch Erwin - Peter Diekwisch ( 12 August 1920 – 20 August 2013 ) was a Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career , Diekwisch was credited with flying 934 missions , destroying 64 tanks , 2 trains , and 12 aerial victories .
August F . Bronner Private August F . Bronner ( 1835 to October 31 , 1893 ) was an German soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Bronner received the United States ' highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of White Oak Swamp in Virginia and the Battle of Malvern Hill also in Virginia on June 30 , 1862 and July 1 , 1862 . Biography . Bronner was born in Germany around 1835 . He died on 31 October 1893 . His remains are interred at the Fairmount Cemetery , Newark .
1608th Air Transport Wing The 1608th Air Transport Wing is a discontinued United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the Eastern Transport Air Force of Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) at Charleston Air Force Base , South Carolina . It performed strategic airlift missions until it was discontinued on 8 January 1966 and replaced by the 437th Military Airlift Wing of Military Airlift Command , which inherited its history and honors . History . The wing was established in 1955 at Charleston AFB , South Carolina When Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) expanded its operations there after assuming jurisdiction of the base from Tactical Air Command three months earlier . The 1608th was initially established as a C - 54 Skymaster medium transport unit , transporting cargo within the United States to other USAF stations . It was upgraded to heavy transport wing and re - equipped with long - range intercontinental Douglas C - 124 Globemaster II s for cargo transportation and Lockheed C - 121 Constellation s for passenger overseas transportation . The wing established an aerial port in 1956 for embarkation to and from the United States as well as large air terminal for transshipment of cargo . The 1608th received Lockheed C - 130E Hercules transports in 1962 to replace its C - 121s . It added jet Lockheed C - 141 Starlifter s in 1965 to replace the C - 124s . As the host for Charleston the wing supported Air Weather Service and Air Rescue Service squadrons and aircraft as well as Air Defense Command interceptor aircraft and other air defense units . The wing was discontinued on 8 January 1966 along with MATS . Its equipment and personnel were reassigned to the 437th Military Airlift Wing the same date . Its history and honors ( although not its lineage ) were bestowed on the 437th to indicate that its replacement was only a conversion from a major command controlled ( MAJCON ) wing to an Air Force controlled ( AFCON ) wing . Its component units with the number 1608 were replaced by units with the new wing ' s number with the exception of the 1608th USAF Dispensary , which was reassigned to the 437th . Lineage . Components . Groups Operational Squadrons Support Squadrons Miscellaneous Units