naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Harold Thomas Cawley Captain Harold Thomas Cawley ( 12 June 1878 – 23 September 1915 ) was a British barrister , Liberal Party politician and soldier . Background . Born at Crumpsall , he was the second son of Frederick Cawley , 1st Baron Cawley and his wife Elizabeth Smith , daughter of John Smith . His younger brother was Oswald Cawley . Cawley was educated at Rugby School and then at New College , Oxford , where he graduated with a Master of Arts . He was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1902 and went to the Northern Circuit , working in Lancashire . Two years later he joined the 2nd Volunteer Battalion , Manchester Regiment . Career . In 1910 , Cawley entered the British House of Commons for Heywood , and a year later he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Home Secretary Reginald McKenna . In 1914 he became aide de camp to Major - General William Douglas , the officer commanding 42nd ( East Lancashire ) Division . Death . In the First World War , Cawley fought in the Battle of Gallipoli where he was killed in action . Before his death , he sent a letter to his father , at that time representative of Prestwich in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . As a Member of Parliament the letter was not subject to military censorship , and it reported the mishandling of the Dardanelles campaign in some detail . It was in memory of Harold and two other sons - Oswald and John - who died in the war that their father endowed a ward at Ancoats Hospital , Manchester , in 1919 at a cost of £10 , 000 .
Vasily Ivanovich Petrov Vasily Ivanovich Petrov ( ) , ( born 15 January 1917 ) is a senior Russian military official . As of 2013 , he is one of only two surviving Marshals of the Soviet Union ( the other being former Minister of Defense Dmitry Yazov ) , and is the eldest of the two . Background . Petrov was born in 1917 in Stavropol Krai . He completed high school in 1935 and studied for two years at a teacher training institute until 1937 . Petrov joined the Red Army in 1939 and completed the lieutenant ' s course in 1941 . During World War II , he fought in the defence of Odessa , defence of Sevastopol and the Campaign in the Caucasus . He later took part in the liberation of the Ukraine and the invasion of Romania , in addition to the Budapest Offensive in Hungary . After the war , Petrov completed Military Studies at the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow . He subsequently rose through the Russian military ranks , being promoted to Colonel in 1952 , Major General in 1961 , Lieutenant General in 1965 , Colonel General in 1970 and General in 1972 . In 1983 , Petrov was eventually appointed Marshal of the Soviet Union . In the late 1970s , Petrov served as a military advisor to the Ethiopian Army . He was assigned to assist and rebuild the force during the Ogaden War . In 1982 , Petrov was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union . He commanded the Far East Military District in 1972 - 76 and served as Commander - in - Chief of Ground Forces in 1980 - 85 . Since 1992 , Petrov has served as a military advisor to the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation .
RAF Blenheim Crescent RAF Blenheim Crescent is a non - flying Royal Air Force station located in Ruislip in Greater London , presently used by the United States military for administrative purposes . Units . The primary units assigned to the base are branch offices of the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development ; the Office of Naval Research Global , the Naval Criminal Investigative Service , the Joint NATO National Support Element , and the Defense Energy Support Center and the Fleet Industrial Supply Center . It administratively falls under the direction of the 422d Air Base Group based out of RAF Croughton , but consists of a collection of multiple Field Operating Agencies and Direct Reporting Unit s . It was on long term lease to the United States Navy until 30 September 2007 . Control was passed to the United States Air Force on 1 October 2007 . The facility was transferred to the United States Air Force for administrative purposes following the disestablishment of the Commander US Naval Activities in the UK . Current status . The base has recently undergone renovation and it is planned for personnel from the US Navy , US Army and US Air Force to be stationed there , alongside civilian staff and contractors . RAF Blenheim Crescent has no RAF personnel present , and is commanded by an officer of the US Air Force at the rank of colonel .
120ft Motor Lighter The 120 ft Motor Lighter was a class of lighters designed by the Australian Shipbuilding Board during World War II and built for the Royal Australian Navy , Australian Army , Royal Australian Air Force , Royal Navy and the US Army Design . The lighters were in length , depth and breadth and cost about $ 120 , 000 each to build . Operators . Royal Australian Navy . The Royal Australian Navy ordered three refrigerator , two stores and nine water variants . Royal Australian Army . Thirty one vessels were ordered by the Australian Army . Royal Australian Air Force . The Royal Australian Air Force ordered five vessels .
644th Bomb Squadron The 644th Bomb Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 410th Bombardment Wing . It was last stationed at K . I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan , and was inactivated on 21 November 1994 . History . Established as a Third Air Force A - 20 Havoc light bomber Operational Training Unit in mid - 1943 ; Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in mid - 1944 ; assigned to Ninth Air Force in England . Entered combat in May 1944 and helped to prepare for the invasion of Normandy by assaulting coastal defenses , airfields , and V - weapon sites in France , and marshalling yards in France and Belgium . Supported the invasion in June by bombing gun positions and railway choke points . Assisted ground forces at Caen and St Lo in July and at Brest in August and September by attacking bridges , vehicles , fuel and ammunition dumps , and rail lines . Moved to France in Sept , and through mid - December struck defended villages , railroad bridges and overpasses , marshalling yards , military camps , and communications centers to support the Allied assault on the Siegfried Line . Participated in the Battle of the Bulge , December 1944 - January 1945 , by pounding marshalling yards , railheads , bridges , and vehicles in the battle area . Continued to fly support and interdictory missions , aiding the drive across the Rhine and into Germany , February – April 1945 , continuing attacks on enemy forces until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Most of the squadron was demobilized during the summer of 1945 ; squadron returned to the United States and was assigned to Seymour Johnson Field , then Myrtle Beach Army Airfield , however was minimally manned and equipped . Inactivated in November 1945 . Reactivated by Strategic Air Command in 1958 as Missile Training squadron at Cooke ( later Vandenberg ) AFB . Provided training for Royal Air Force personnel in the operation and launching of the PGM - 17 Thor Intermediate - Range Missie . Also provided training to SAC personnel on SM - 65 Atlas and HGM - 25A Titan I Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles . Inactivated July 1 , 1959 . Reactivated again as a B - 52H Stratofortress strategic bombardment squadron in 1963 , replacing a provisional squadron at K . I . Sawyer AFB , Michigan . The squadron conducted strategic bombardment training and air refueling operations on a global scale to meet SAC commitments . From 1964 to 1975 , the squadron supported combat operations over Indochina by rotating B - 52 and KC - 135 flight crews to Guam and Okinawa , participating in Operation Arc Light , Linebacker I and Linebacker II . In 1980 , two 644th Bomb Squadron crews ( S - 21 and S - 31 ) received the Mackay Trophy for " executing a nonstop , around - the - world mission with the immediate objective of locating and photographing elements of the Soviet Navy operating in the Persian Gulf . Remained on nuclear alert until the end of the Cold War , being inactivated in 1994 with the inactivation of the parent 410th Bomb Wing and the closure of K . I . Sawyer AFB , MI .
William Barton ( soldier ) William Barton ( 1748 – 1831 ) was an officer in the Continental Army during the American War of Independence who retired with the rank of colonel . He later served as adjutant general of the Rhode Island militia . Barton was born in Warren , Rhode Island on May 26 , 1748 . He worked as a hatter in Providence , Rhode Island . In 1771 , he married Rhoda Carver . In 1775 , he enlisted in the Continental Army as a corporal . He fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill . On August 2 , 1775 he was appointed the adjutant of Richmond ' s Rhode Island Regiment . He was promoted to captain on November 1 , 1775 . In 1777 , as a major in the Rhode Island state troops , he planned and led a raid on British headquarters , capturing Major General Richard Prescott . On the night of 10 July , with 38 men in four whaleboats , Barton crossed Narragansett Bay , passed unobserved by three British frigate s , and , landing about half way between Newport and Bristol Ferry , went to the farm house where Prescott had his headquarters . The guards were surprised , the door of Prescott ' s room was broken in , and the general was hurried away half dressed and taken to Warwick Point , and afterward to Providence . For this exploit , the Continental Congress gave Barton a sword and passed a resolution honoring his service . Barton was promoted to lieutenant colonel on November 10 , 1777 and was made colonel of Stanton ' s regiment of the Rhode Island Militia with " rank and pay of colonel in the Continental Army " upon the resignation of Colonel Joseph Stanton , Jr . . He served until the end of the war . In 1783 Barton became an original member of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati . When Rhode Island ratified the Constitution of the United States in 1790 , Barton was sent to New York to notify George Washington . He helped to found the town of Barton , Vermont . Subsequently , Barton was successfully sued in court for selling the same land to two different parties . He was sued in court and lost . He refused to pay this debt . For this he was ultimately confined to the debtor ' s prison in Danville for 14 years , starting at the age of sixty - four . At the age of seventy - seven , he was released at the initiative of the visiting Marquis de Lafayette , who agreed to pay the balance of his debt . Barton died on October 22 , with the year of death being given variously as 1831 or 1833 . He is buried in the North Burial Ground in Providence , Rhode Island . Fort Barton in Rhode Island was named after William Barton .
Hans Bartkowiak Hans Bartkowiak ( 8 March 1917 – 15 April 1985 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Crossfire A crossfire ( also known as interlocking fire ) is a military term for the siting of weapons ( often automatic weapon s such as assault rifle s or sub - machine gun s ) so that their arcs of fire overlap . This tactic came to prominence in World War I . Siting weapons this way is an example of the application of the defensive principle of " mutual support " . The advantage of siting weapons that mutually support one another is that it is difficult for an attacker to find a covered approach to any one defensive position . Use of armour , air support , indirect fire support , and stealth are tactics that may be used to assault a defensive position . However when combined with land mine s , sniper s , barbed wire , and air cover , crossfire became a difficult tactic to counter in the early 20th century . Trench warfare . The tactic of using overlapping arcs of fire came to prominence during World War I where it was a feature of trench warfare . Machine gun s were placed in groups , called machine - gun nest s , and they protected the front of the trenches . Many lives were lost in futile attempts to charge across the no man ' s land where these crossfires were set up . " Caught in the crossfire " . To be " caught in the crossfire " is an expression that often refers to unintended casualties ( bystander s , etc . ) who were killed or wounded by being exposed to the gunfire of a battle or gun fight , such as in a position to be hit by bullets of either side . The phrase has come to mean any injury , damage or harm ( physical or otherwise ) caused to a third party due to the action of belligerents ( collateral damage ) .
United States Naval Station Tutuila United States Naval Station Tutuila was a naval station in Pago Pago Harbor on the island of Tutuila , part of American Samoa , built in 1899 and in operation until 1951 . During the United States Navy rule of American Samoa , from 1900 to 1951 , it was customary for the commandant of the station to also serve as Military Governor of the territory . Benjamin Franklin Tilley was the first commandant and the first officer responsible for the naval station ' s construction . History . Located in the South Pacific , midway between Hawaii and New Zealand , the site was chosen in 1872 by Commander Richard Worsam Meade , who negotiated facilities for a coaling station for the United States Navy from the Samoan high chief Mauga Manuma . Initially used by Pacific and Asiatic Squadron s , by 1940 Tutuila was a minor naval station . However , with the looming threat of a Pacific War , plans were drawn up for the development of its capabilities . In November 1940 expansion of the naval station began . After the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 naval activity at Tutuila increased . Ship arrivals jumped from three in December 1941 to 56 in December 1942 . Shipping activity was intensive throughout 1943 . In March 1943 , 121 vessels passed through Pago Pago harbor . However , as the war moved north and west , Tutuila became a strategic backwater . Shipping arrivals declined after February 1944 , from fifty per month to less than twenty . On January 11 , 1942 , a Japanese submarine surfaced off the coast of Tutuila and fired its deck gun at the Naval Station for about ten minutes . Commander Edwin Robinson was wounded in the knee by shrapnel and a member of the Fita Fita Guard ( Samoan Marine Reserve ) received minor injuries . Ironically , the only building damaged by the submarine ' s shell fire was a store owned by a Japanese expatriate , Frank Shimasaki . The fire was not returned in the only Japanese attack on Samoa during World War II . Post - war Tutuila ' s military importance continued to decline , and in 1951 , control of American Samoa was transferred from the Navy to the Department of the Interior . Naval Station Tutuila was closed , and the last scheduled naval transport , the , sailed on 25 June 1951 . The harbor has since returned to commercial use . Fourteen buildings in the former Naval Station are listed on the National Register of Historic Places , two of which — Government House and the World War II Blunts Point Gun Emplacement — have received the official designation of National Historic Landmark .
Daewi Daewi or taewi is a military rank in both South Korean and North Korean militaries . In the South Korean military , " daewi " is a Korean military rank used in the South Korea military . The rank is considered equivalent of a captain in many Western armies and air force s and to a full lieutenant in many navies . In the North Korean military , it corresponds to an army or air force senior captain , a rank between U . S . captain and major . A " daewi " in the North Korean Navy would correspond , equivalently , to a senior lieutenant , a rank between U . S . Navy lieutenant and lieutenant commander .
Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon The Pattern 1861 Enfield was an alteration to the Pattern 1853 Enfield . The alteration gave the Pattern 1861 a faster twist ( 1 : 48 ) , which gave it more accuracy than the longer infantry rifle . In comparison to the Pattern 1861 Enfield , it also had more grooves ( five groove rifling ) . But what set it apart was its shortened barrel length of 610mm making loading faster and carrying easier . Maneuverability . In the British Army , it was issued to artillery units , who required a weapon for personal defense and these were easily wielded from horseback . They were also imported by the Confederacy and issued to artillery and cavalry units . They were much liked for its maneuverability . And being designed for use with the newer Minié ball bullets they could have a killing range of up to 1 , 000 yards and had devastating consequences against bayonet charging troops . This weapon is often referred to as a musketoon but due to it having a rifled barrel is more accurately a rifle - musket . This mistake is prevalent in the popular literature probably due to the misnomer being applied to a Parker Hale reproduction . See also . Pattern 1853 Enfield , a longer rifle musket of very similar design .
ARA Drummond ( P - 31 ) ARA Drummond ( P - 31 ) is the lead ship of the Drummond class of three corvettes of the Argentine Navy . She is the second vessel to be named after Navy Sgt Francisco Drummond . She is currently based at Mar del Plata and conducts fishery patrol duties in the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone , where she has captured several trawlers in recent years . According to reports in November 2012 the Drummond class " hardly sail because of lack of resources for operational expenses " . Service history . " Drummond " was built in 1977 in France for the South African Navy to be named SAS " Good Hope " but was embargoed at the last minute by United Nations Security Council Resolution 418 over apartheid . It was sold to Argentina instead and delivered on 9 November 1978 . She carried the pennant number P - 1 until the introduction of the Espora class corvette s in 1985 when she became P - 31 . In 1982 she served with her sister ships in the Falklands War ( ) . On 7 October 1983 , during a live fire exercise , sunk the old destroyer " Almirante Domecq Garcia " with a MM38 Exocet missile . On 1994 , from her temporary base at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station , she participated on the blockade of Haiti during Operation Uphold Democracy . She had also served as support ship of the Buenos Aires - Rio de Janeiro tall ships races . HMS " York " incident . On 25 February 2010 the British tabloid " The Sun " reported that the " Drummond " had been intercepted and shepherded away by the Royal Navy destroyer HMS " York " in the vicinity of the Falklands Islands . The story was published in the middle of a diplomatic dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina about oil drilling , escalating the crisis as the " first head - to - head of the Falklands row " . The British Ministry of Defence quickly issued a denial . A spokesman said the incident had occurred a month earlier , before the oil dispute began ; both ships were in the same zone in international waters during rough weather at night , and , after a friendly dialogue by radio , each had continued on its own exercise . References . " Portions based on a translation from Spanish Wikipedia . "
USS Gunston Hall ( LSD - 44 ) USS " Gunston Hall " ( LSD - 44 ) is a of the United States Navy . She was the second Navy ship to be named for Gunston Hall , the Mason Neck , Virginia estate of George Mason , one of Virginia ' s outstanding Revolutionary figures , and " Father of the Bill of Rights " . " Gunston Hall " was laid down on 26 May 1986 , by the Avondale Shipyard s , New Orleans , La . ; launched on 27 June 1987 ; and commissioned on 22 April 1989 . " Gunston Hall " is homeported at NAB Little Creek , Virginia , and assigned to Amphibious Group 2 of the Atlantic Fleet . It was announced on 9 October 2006 in the Halifax Herald in Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada that the Canadian Navy will borrow the 186 - meter amphibious assault ship for a brief period , and will pull it into CFB Halifax in early November , 2006 . About 150 Canadian soldiers from CFB Valcartier , along with their light armored vehicles and G - wagons , will board the vessel and start training to storm beaches in landing craft , much like troops did in the Second World War . The U . S . military is providing mentoring and support during the operation . 2008 . While on deployment the " Gunston " engaged and gave chase to the " Golden Nori " which had been hijacked by Somalian pirates . After days of chasing the " Golden Nori " was cornered in a Somali bay where the " USS Whitbey Island " assisted with the extraction of the hostages . 2009 Refit . " Gunston Hall " completed sea trials 21 May 2009 after undergoing a midlife modernization availability . The work began in July 2008 at Metro Machine Corp . in Norfolk , Va . , and included major upgrades to the ship ' s control system , local area network and machinery control system , propulsion systems , HVAC , as well as replacement of the ship ' s boilers and evaporators with an all - electric services system . The refit extended her expected service life which could be up until 2038 . 2010 Haitian relief . LSD 44 was deployed in January as part of rescue efforts after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake . On 18 January 2010 , she anchored off Killick navy base and started relief operations . Senior leader reliefs . In August 2010 the ship ' s skipper , Commander Fred R . Wilhelm , was relieved of his command by Rear Admiral Dave Thomas , commander of Naval Surface Force Atlantic , and reassigned to administrative shore duties after allegations surfaced of sexual harassment and simple assault among the " Gunston Hall ' s " crew . Wilhelm was replaced by Captain Mark H . Scovill . The ship ' s executive officer Commander Kevin Rafferty , and former Command Master Chief Wayne Owings were given non - judicial action over the same incident . The senior enlisted member of the crew , Command Master Chief Kelly Smith , was removed from his position on 8 September 2012 and reassigned for misconduct .