naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles William Bardeen Charles William Bardeen ( 1847 – 1924 ) was an American educator and publisher . He devoted his career to improve the education system of the United States . He was the father of Charles Russell Bardeen and grandfather of two - time Nobel Prize winning physicist John Bardeen . He was referred to as C . W . by the later generations of Bardeens . Early life . C . W . was born in 1847 in Groton , Massachusetts to an abolitionist family . He left school at the age of fourteen to enlist in the Northern Army in the American Civil War , where he signed up as a drummer boy . He was a poor drummer and because of that , he spent the Civil War as a fifer . After the end of the Civil War , he worked his way through Yale University , and graduated from Yale in 1869 . Career . After completing his graduation , C . W . found employment as a vice - principal and teacher , and held several positions as school principal , superintendent , and college English professor until 1873 . His son Charles R . Bardeen was born in Kalamazoo , Michigan in 1871 . C . W . moved his family to Syracuse , New York in 1874 . He established his own publishing company , School Bulletin Publications , that year . He became managing editor of the " School Bulletin " in 1874 and retained that position for almost fifty years . The magazine became a forum for expressing his strong views on the importance of quality education . In the 1880s and 1890s , C . W . made a number of trips to Europe and northern Africa , and he wrote up his travel adventures for the " Bulletin " . C . W . took positions of national leadership in the National Education Association and the Educational Press Association of America . He was invited for membership the American Association for the Advancement of Science , the American Geographical Society , and the American Social Science Association . Later life . In later years , C . W . frequently exchanged letters with his son , Charles R . Bardeen , in which they discussed issues about education , work , and life in general . He also filtered his experience and ideas with his grandchildren . C . W . sent " A Little Fifer ’ s War Diary " , an autobiographical memoir about his experiences during the American Civil War , to John Bardeen for his tenth birthday . C . W . died in 1924 .
Who Me Who Me was a top secret sulfurous stench weapon developed by the American Office of Strategic Services during World War II to be used by the French Resistance against German officers . " Who Me " smelled strongly of fecal matter , and was issued in pocket atomizer s intended to be unobtrusively sprayed on a German officer , humiliating him and , by extension , demoralizing the occupying German forces . The experiment was very short - lived , however . " Who Me " had a high concentration of extremely volatile sulfur compound s that were very difficult to control : more often than not , the person who did the spraying also ended up smelling as bad as the one targeted . After only two weeks it was concluded that " Who Me " was a dismal failure .
John W . Handy General John W . Handy ( born April 29 , 1944 ) was Commander , U . S . Transportation Command , and Commander , Air Mobility Command , Scott Air Force Base , Illinois from October 2001 until September 2005 . General Handy retired effective October 1 , 2005 . General Handy was commissioned in 1967 and received his pilot wings in 1968 . He has commanded the 21st Air Force at McGuire Air Force Base , New Jersey ; the Air Mobility Command ' s Tanker Airlift Control Center ; two airlift wings and a maintenance squadron . He has served as the Director of Operations and Logistics for USTRANSCOM ; the Air Force ' s Director of Programs and Evaluations , and Deputy Chief of Staff , Installations and Logistics , Headquarters U . S . Air Force , The Pentagon , Washington , D . C . General Handy is a command pilot with more than 5 , 000 flying hours , principally in airlift aircraft . As a C - 130 Hercules pilot , he logged more than 300 combat hours in Southeast Asia . Prior to assuming command over the U . S . Transportation Command , the general was Vice Chief of Staff , Headquarters U . S . Air Force , Washington , D . C .
USS Nemes ( SP - 424 ) USS " Nemes " ( SP - 424 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel commissioned in July 1917 and sunk in August 1917 . " Nemes " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1909 by Van Deise at Camden , New Jersey . On 10 July 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , J . C . Noblit of Germantown , Pennsylvania , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned soon afterwards as USS " Nemes " ( SP - 424 ) with Boatswain W . H . Noblit in command . Assigned to the 7th Naval District headquartered at Key West , Florida , " Nemes " moved south to Key West to begin patrol duties there . In August 1917 , scheduled to patrol around Key West , she pulled into nearby Cotteral Bay for cleaning . While she was there , an explosion rocked her on 21 August 1917 , causing her to burn and sink . No lives were lost , but six men were burned .
BK 5 cannon The Bordkanone 5 , or BK 5 for short , was a 50 mm autocannon intended primarily for use against Allied heavy bombers , especially the United States Army Air Forces ' s ( USAAF ) combat box heavy bomber flight formations , so that defending " Luftwaffe " fighter aircraft could fire from a great enough distance to make the USAAF bomber ' s heavy defensive firepower ineffective against defending German fighter aircraft . Rheinmetall was given a contract in 1943 to adapt the 50 mm KwK 39 tank gun , from the Panzer III tank , for aerial use in the twin - engined Me 410 " Hornisse " bomber destroyer . They were installed as " Umrüst - Bausätze " ( Factory Modification ) 4 in the Me 410 A - 1 / U4 , and experimentally , in two Me 262 A - 1a / U4 jet fighter prototypes ( though these were not used operationally ) , as the MK 214 cannon of similar caliber was not yet available . The semi - circular magazine held 21 rounds . Approximately 300 were produced and it saw only limited action , most notably in the Me 410 A - 1 / U4 aircraft that served with the II . Gruppe of Zerstörergeschwader 26 ( ZG 26 ) . It was also mounted on the Junkers Ju 88 P - 4 night attack aircraft . Intended for long - range shots , the cannon was given a telescopic sight in addition to the Me 410 ' s standard Revi C12C gunsight . This proved to be more of a hindrance than a help in the turning fights in which the Me 410s often found themselves , as the maneuvering targets easily escaped from the telescopic sight ' s small field of view . As installed in the Me 262 , the cannon was found to be prone to jamming , and if fired at night the BK 5 ' s muzzle flash tended to temporarily blind the pilot ' s night vision . According to the account of the engagements against the USAAF by II . / ZG 26 from late February through mid - April 1944 mentioned at a German language website , the 53 Me 410 " Hornissen " of that Zerstörergruppe equipped with the BK 5 - as the " Umrüst - Bausätze " factory modification designated / U4 for the Me 410 series of aircraft - were said to have to shot down a total of 129 B - 17 Flying Fortress and four B - 24 Liberator heavy bomber aircraft , distributed over a series of five or six interceptions , all while losing only nine of their own Me 410s .
Edward Pietrzyk Generał broni Edward Pietrzyk ( born 3 November 1949 ) is a Polish military officer , diplomat and general in the Polish Army . He is also a former commander - in - chief of the Polish Land Forces . Early life and career . Pietrzyk was born in Rawa Mazowiecka in 1949 . In 1971 he graduated from the Military University of Technology ( WAT ) of Warsaw , after which he served for six years in the 2nd Artillery Brigade . In 1978 he moved to Moscow , where he graduated from the local Military Academy of Artillery . In 1988 became the deputy commander of Polish artillery and rocket forces of the Warsaw Military Area . In 1990 , Pietrzyk graduated from the General Staff Academy of the USSR and after two years of service as the deputy chief of operations of the General Staff , he became the chief of the Operational Command of the Polish General Staff . Between 1998 and 2000 he was the deputy commander of the Multinational Corps North East composed of forces of Poland , Czech Republic , Denmark , Estonia , Germany , Latvia , Lithuania and Slovakia . Between 2000 and September 2006 he has been the commander of the Land Forces of Poland . In 2000 he also graduated from the United States Military Academy . Between April 2007 and January 2010 , Pietrzyk served as Polish ambassador to Iraq . 2007 Baghdad incident . On 3 October 2007 , he was wounded by a roadside bomb in a probable assassination attempt in Baghdad . He was flown to a military hospital by a Blackwater Security helicopter . Pietrzyk received burns to about 20 percent of his body , including his air passage ways , and was held in an artificial coma to reduce the pain . The United Nations Security Council convened a meeting to condemn this attack . As of 8 November , he is still recovering from his injuries , but has vowed to get back to work . Since January 2010 , Pietrzyk is serving as Poland ' s ambassador to North Korea .
Sungam Ni Airport Sungam Ni Airport is an airport in Sŭngam - rodongjagu , Kyongsong - gun , Hamgyong - bukto , North Korea . Facilities . The airfield has a single asphalt runway 14 / 32 measuring 2950 x 190 feet ( 899 x 58 m ) . It is sited along the east coast of North Korea .
No . 4 Forward Air Control Flight RAAF No . 4 Forward Air Control Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force forward air control training unit . The Flight was formed on 1 April 1970 at RAAF Base Williamtown and was equipped with four CAC Winjeel aircraft . The Flight was responsible for training RAAF , Royal Australian Navy and Australian Army pilots and participated in most Australian military exercises . No . 4 Forward Air Control Flight was disbanded on 1 January 1989 and became ' C ' Flight of the newly reformed No . 76 Squadron . No . 4 Squadron is the RAAF ' s current forward air control unit .
Fort Scott ( Arlington , Virginia ) Named for General Winfield Scott , who was then General - in - Chief of the Union Army , Fort Scott was a detached lunette constructed in May 1861 to guard the south flank of the defenses of Washington during the American Civil War . An historic marker and a small remnant of the fort are the only evidence of the site of the fort on the grounds of what is now the Fort Scott Park in Arlington County , Virginia . When originally built , the fort had a perimeter of 313 yards and emplacements for 8 guns . Construction of the defense of Alexandria to the west subsequently reduced the importance of the fort . The fort is designated as a Historic District and is located in the Arlington Ridge community .
Fuse ( explosives ) In an explosive , pyrotechnic device or military munition , a fuse ( or fuze ) is the part of the device that initiates function . In common usage , the word fuse is used indiscriminately . However , when being specific ( and in particular in a military context ) , the term " fuse " describes a simple pyrotechnic initiating device , like the cord on a firecracker , whereas the term " fuze " is used to indicate a more sophisticated ignition device incorporating mechanical and / or electronic components e . g . a proximity fuze for an M107 artillery shell , magnetic / acoustic fuze on a sea mine , spring - loaded grenade fuze , pencil detonator or anti - handling device . History . The simplest form of fuse is the burning fuse , believed to date back to the 10th century and originating in China . This simple fuse consisted of lightweight paper filled with loose gunpowder , and served as a means of delaying ignition in fireworks . This simple form of burning fuse can still be found today in many modern pyrotechnics . A version of this simple fuse is called visco fuse , and consists of the burning core coated with wax or lacquer for durability and water resistance . The commercial and military version of a burning fuse referred to as safety fuse ( invented by William Bickford ) is a textile tube filled with combustible material and wrapped to prevent external exposure of the burning core . Safety fuses are used to initiate the detonation of explosives through the use of a blasting cap . Fuses . Modern day safety fuses are often used in mining and military operations , to provide a time - delay before ignition , and they more often than not are used to initiate an explosive detonator , thereby starting an explosive chain reaction to detonate a larger more stable main charge . Safety fuses are typically colored black ( military ) or fluorescent orange ( commercial ) to distinguish them from detonating cord s such as Primacord , which are brightly colored or transparent . Usage . Fuses are found in fireworks , model cannon s , matchlock firearms , some improvised explosive device s and many forms of pyrotechnics .
USS Sagittarius ( AKN - 2 ) USS " Sagittarius " ( AKN - 2 ) was an S - class Indus net cargo ship in the service of the United States Navy in World War II . Named after the constellation Sagittarius , it was the only ship of the Navy to bear this name . " Sagittarius " was laid down on 8 November 1943 as liberty ship SS " J . Fred Essary " ( MCE hull 1835 ) by Bethlehem - Fairfield Shipyard , Inc . , Baltimore , Maryland , under a Maritime Commission contract ; launched on 30 November 1943 , sponsored by Mrs . J . Fred Essary ; acquired by the Navy from the Maritime Commission on a bare - boat charter on 8 December 1943 ; converted to a net cargo ship ; and commissioned as " Sagittarius " ( AKN - 2 ) on 18 March 1944 . Service history . Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay , " Sagittarius " departed Norfolk on 1 May ; transited the Panama Canal on 9 May ; and arrived at San Diego on 21 May . Ten days later , she put into Pearl Harbor ; and , on 8 June , she sailed for the Marianas . Arriving at Saipan on 1 August , she installed harbor defense nets there and at Tinian until early September . On 4 September , she sailed for Nouméa , New Caledonia ; took on nets as cargo ; and steamed for Ulithi , where she laid nets from mid - October to mid - November . She then got underway for Pearl Harbor , arriving on 29 November . In December , " Sagittarius " continued on to San Francisco for repairs and alterations at Mare Island . At the end of January 1945 , she headed back to Hawaii ; and , in March , she steamed for Ulithi . Arriving on 2 April , she became flagship of TU 52 . 8 . 3 ; then waited for further routing to the Ryukyus . Ten days later , the AKN sailed for Okinawa . She arrived in the Hagushi anchorage on 18 April ; joined TF 51 ; and , within hours , underwent her first enemy air attack . On 28 April , she splashed her first kamikaze . On 2 May , she shifted to Nakagusuku Wan , where , as at Hagushi , the almost daily air raids continued . Despite the interruptions , however , " Sagittarius " conducted net laying operations until 26 May . On 27 May , having downed her second kamikaze and assisted in destroying a third , she headed for Pearl Harbor . Steaming via the Marianas , she exploded a drifting Japanese mine one day out of Saipan , on 4 June . On 17 June , she arrived at Pearl Harbor only to depart again , laden with nets , on 8 July . From 24 July to 9 August , she conducted net operations at Ulithi , then returned to Pearl Harbor . Arriving after the cessation of hostilities in the Pacific , " Sagittarius " steamed west again in mid - September ; took on reclaimed nets at Ulithi ; transported them to Saipan ; then headed back to Pearl Harbor and San Francisco . She arrived at the latter on 19 November ; and , in December , continued on to the east coast for inactivation . " Sagittarius " was decommissioned at Norfolk on 16 January 1946 and returned to the Maritime Commission three days later . Her name was struck from the Navy List on 7 February 1946 . " Sagittarius " was scrapped in 1972 . Awards . " Sagittarius " earned two battle star s during World War II .
1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery , Battery " B " Battery B , 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was initially organized as the 1st East Tennessee Battery . Service . The battalion was organized in Memphis , Nashville , and Knoxville , Tennessee from June 13 , 1863 through October 16 , 1863 under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert Clay Crawford . Battery B was raised and mustered in at Lexington , Kentucky from eastern Tennessee refugees for three years service on April 16 , 1863 under the command of Captain Robert Clay Crawford . Battery B was attached to District of Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to August 1863 . Willcox ' s Division , Left Wing Forces , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to January 1864 . District of the Clinch , Department of the Ohio , to April 1864 . 1st Brigade , 4th Division , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to February 1865 . 1st Brigade , 4th Division , District of East Tennessee , to March 1865 . 2nd Brigade , 4th Division , District of East Tennessee , to July 1865 . Battery B , 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery mustered out of service at Nashville , Tennessee on July 20 , 1865 . Detailed service . From Lexington , the battery moved to Nicholasville , Kentucky for drill and instruction . In May 1863 the battery moved to Camp Nelson , Kentucky . On July 16 , 1863 , the battery moved to Somerset , Kentucky . It performed duty in Kentucky until August 1863 . Action at Tripletts Bridge June 16 . Operations against Scott in eastern Kentucky July 25 - August 6 . Expedition to Cumberland Gap August 17 - September 7 . Winter ' s Gap August 31 . Operations about Cumberland Gap September 7 – 10 . Duty at Cumberland Gap until May 1865 , and in District of East Tennessee until July .
Benjamin Franklin Kelley Benjamin Franklin Kelley ( April 10 , 1807 – July 16 , 1891 ) was an American soldier who served as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He played a prominent role in several military campaigns in West Virginia and Maryland . Early life . Kelley was born in New Hampton , a small village in New Hampshire . At the age of 19 , he went to Wheeling , Virginia , a center of the slave trade . He engaged in the merchandise business until 1851 , when he became a freight agent for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad . Civil War . Upon the outbreak of the Civil War , Kelley raised the 1st Virginia Infantry , a Federal volunteer three - months regiment , and was appointed as its colonel . His first service was at Philippi , where he captured the Confederate camp equipage and was himself badly wounded . He was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on May 17 , 1861 , and was victorious at Romney and Blue ' s Gap ( Hanging Rocks Pass ) . Afterward , Kelley commanded a division of 10 , 000 men in the Department of Harper ' s Ferry . In 1862 he served under Maj . Gen . John C . Frémont , and the following year he was in command of the West Virginia department and pursued General Robert E . Lee during the Retreat from Gettysburg . In 1864 , he checked the enemy at Folck ' s Mill , New Creek , and Moorefield , West Virginia . He was brevetted as a major general of volunteers on August 5 , 1864 . Kelley , along with his immediate superior Maj . Gen . George Crook , was captured by a small raiding party of Confederate partisans on February 21 , 1865 . Kelley was sent to a prison in Richmond , Virginia , but he and Crook were released on March 20 by a special exchange . He resigned from the army on June 1 , 1865 . Postbellum career . After the war ended , Kelley was appointed an internal revenue collector in 1866 . After serving in that role for ten years , he became the head of the Hot Springs , Arkansas , Military Reservation in 1876 . In 1883 , President Chester A . Arthur appointed him an examiner of pensions . Death . Kelley died in Oakland , Maryland , and was interred in Arlington National Cemetery . His grave was created by sculptor W . S . Davis and completed ca . 1861 . The gravestone is made of granite ( 6 x 5 x 3 ft . ) with a relief ( 2 x 2 x 6 ft . ) of bronze inset on the front of the stone , just above two inscribed plaques . The relief is a bust of Kelley , who has a full goatee , mustache , and a military uniform . One plaque on the gravestone is inscribed : Another plaque on the gravestone is inscribed : It was surveyed by the Smithsonian ' s Save Outdoor Sculpture ! survey in 1995 and was declared as needing treatment .
Orville T . Chamberlain Second Lieutenant Orville Tyron Chamberlain ( September 1 , 1841 to May 27 , 1929 ) was am American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Chamberlain received the United States ' highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Chickamauga , Georgia on 20 September 1863 . He was honored with the award on 11 March 1896 . Biography . Chamberlain was born in Leesburgh , Indiana on September 1 , 1841 . He enlisted into the 74th Indiana Infantry . He died on May 27 , 1929 and his remains are interred at the Grace Lawn Cemetery in Indiana .