naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Rozafa Castle Rozafa castle ( Albanian : Kalaja e Rozafës / Kalaja e Rozafatit ) is a castle near the city of Shkodër , in northwestern Albania . It rises imposingly on a rocky hill , 130 metres above sea level , surrounded by the Bojana and Drin rivers . Shkodër is the capital of the District of Shkodër , and is one of Albania ' s oldest and most historic towns , as well as an important cultural and economic centre . Due to its strategic location , the hill has been settled since antiquity . It was an Illyrian stronghold until it was captured by the Romans in 167 BC . The 19th - century German author and explorer Johann Georg von Hahn suggested that the ancient and medieval city of Shkodër was located immediately south of the Rozafa hill , between the hill and the confluence of Bojana and Drin . The fortifications , as they have been preserved to date , are mostly of Venetian origin . The castle has been the site of several famous sieges , including the siege of Shkodra by the Ottomans in 1478 and the siege of Shkodra by the Montenegrins in 1912 . The castle and its surroundings form an Archaeological Park of Albania . Legend . Its legend , archeology and history testify to its early existence . The legend , first recorded in the Serbian epic poem " The Building of Skadar " , is about the initiative of three brothers of the House of Mrnjavčević who set about building the castle . They worked all day , but the walls fell down at night . They met a clever old man who advised them to sacrifice someone so that the walls would stand . The three brothers found it difficult to decide whom to sacrifice . Finally , they decided to sacrifice one of their wives who would bring lunch to them the next day . So they agreed that whichever of their wives was the one to bring them lunch the next day was the one who would be buried in the wall of the castle . They also promised not to tell their wives of this . The two older brothers ( King Vukašin and Ban Uglješa ) , however , explained the situation to their wives that night , while the honest youngest brother ( Voivoda Gojko ) said nothing . The following afternoon , the brothers waited anxiously to see which wife was carrying the basket of food . It was Rosafa , the wife of the youngest brother . He explained to her the agreement that they had made , namely that she was to be sacrificed and buried in the wall of the castle so that they could finish building it . She did not protest . The faithfulness of the youngest brother and the life sacrifice of his young wife are portrayed as elements of symbolic importance . Rosafa , who was predestined to be walled in , worried about her infant son , accepted to be walled in on condition that they leave her right breast exposed to feed her newborn son , her right eye to see him , her right hand to caress him and her right foot to rock his cradle . It is said that milk still flows from one of the walls in the castle .
Eulogio Cantillo Eulogio Cantillo ( September 13 , 1911 , Cuba - September 9 , 1978 , Miami , Florida , U . S . ) was a general in the pre - revolutionary Cuban army . General Cantillo served as Chief of the Joint Staff during the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista . Cantillo did not participate in the military coup that brought Batista to power . During the Cuban Revolution , he led Cuban soldiers in the fight against Fidel Castro ' s 26th of July Movement . After the Cuban Revolution , He was tried by the revolutionary tribunals and sentenced to 15 years in prison . He was released before serving his entire sentence sometime in the sixties , and went into exile in Miami where he died in 1978 . Biography . General Eulogio Cantillo was Chief of the Army Aviation Corps before he was appointed as Head of the Joint Chiefs . In the Cuban revolution , Cantillo led an offensive that unfolded in the summer of 1958 under the name Operation Verano , which had the goal of destroying the guerrillas of Fidel Castro that had been causing several army losses since the spring of 1957 . At the time of the revolution , Cuba had a regular army of 24 battalions , and a total strength of 20 , 000 soldiers . For Operation Verano , Cantillo had 14 battalions with about 12 , 000 soldiers . Most of the soldiers where young recruits . Cantillo surrounded the mountain range of the Sierra Maestra , and set up roadblock s to prevent supplies from getting to the guerrillas , and attacked from the north to drive the guerrillas down to the south coast . On the south coast he could make better use of air support , and artillery , than in the jungles of Sierra Maestra where guerrillas were impossible to hit . The offensive failed , largely because Cantillo ' s soldiers fought in unfamiliar terrain ( forests and jungles of the Sierra Maestra ) and because much of the army was demoralized and unmotivated . They were trained to fight against regular troops and not against 26 July Movement guerrillas that struck with tremendous firepower in one second , and disappeared into the jungle in the seconds after . On August 8 , 1958 Cantillo signed a secret armistice with the 26th of July movement , and thus the entire Verano offensive was over . Reasons to truce is unclear . Some argue that Cantillo sympathized with the guerrillas , while others claim that Cantillo still believed that Castro had over 2000 well - trained and well disciplined guerrillas . Therefore , he needed the truce to regroup his own forces so he could better counter the guerrillas . Fidel Castro however , used this time to create a counteroffensive , known as the Cauto campaign . He was left as head of the Cuban Military after Batista fled to the Dominican Republic in the early hours of January 1 , 1959 . He was later arrested by the revolutionary government , and put on trial . He was sentenced to 15 years in prison , but was released before he served his full sentence , and left Cuba to become a Cuban exile in Miami . While in Miami , he joined anti - Castro groups , and eventually died there in 1978 .
Albéric Clément Albéric Clément ( c . 1165 – 1191 ) was the first marshal of France under Philip Augustus , appointed to that position in 1185 . Alberic was the lord of Mez cave in the Gatinais . He accompanied Philip on the Third Crusade but died at Acre on July 3 , 1191 .
Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor Gabriel - Jean - Joseph , comte Molitor ( 7 March 1770 – 28 July 1849 ) , was a Marshal of France . Biography . He was born in Hayingen in Lorraine . Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution , Molitor joined the French revolutionary armies as a captain in a battalion of militia . In 1793 he was given command of a brigade and served under Hoche under whom he fought at Kaiserslautern and Wissembourg . In 1795 , Molitor was severely wounded in the Battle of Mainz . In 1799 , Molitor was sent to Switzerland were he fought under André Masséna against an Austro - Russian force led by Alexander Suvorov . In 1800 , he fought in the " Army of the Rhine " under Moreau . Molitor was promoted to the rank of " général de division " in 1801 . He was sent with Massena to Italy in 1805 , where he served at Vago and Caldiero . In 1806 he took part in the relief of Republic of Ragusa . In 1807 , Molitor was transferred to the German theatre of operations , where he served against the Swedes around Stralsund . He was then made governor of Pommern and was granted a comital title by Napoleon . In 1809 he was given command of a division in Massena ' s IV Corps and he saw action in the battles of Aspern and Wagram . In 1810 he was sent to occupy the cities of the Hanseatic League , from 1811 to 1813 he served in Holland , in the campaign of 1814 he served under MacDonald . After the abdication of Napoleon , Molitor made his submission to the Bourbons who made him Inspector - General of the infantry . Upon the return of the emperor from Elba , Molitor joined him during the Hundred Days , for which he was stripped of his functions after Napoleon ' s defeat . In 1818 , Molitor was restored to grace and in 1823 he commanded the II Corps which was sent to Spain . The same year he was made a Marshal of France as well as a Peer . From 1827 , he served as secretary to the Chamber of Peers . After the July Revolution , Molitor was allowed to keep all his functions and he later served as Governor of Les Invalides and as Grand Chancellor of the Legion d ' Honneur . He died in 1849 in Paris . A statue of Molitor was later erected in Nancy . Stradivarius . The 1697 Molitor Stradivarius , rumored to have once been owned by Napoleon Bonaparte , belonged to Molitor beginning in 1804 . It was sold by Tarisio Auctions in October 2010 for a world record $ 3 . 6M .
Thomas G . Corbin Thomas G . Corbin ( born August 13 , 1820 ) was an United States Navy officer . Corbin was born August 13 , 1820 in Virginia . He was appointed from Alabama on May 15 , 1838 , and attached to the frigate " Brandywine " with the Mediterranean Squadron from 1838 to 1842 . Corbin was promoted to passed midshipman on May 20 , 1844 , and served with the Coast Survey from 1844 to 1845 . He was with the frigate " Columbia " with the Brazil Squadron from 1845 to 1846 and then returned to the Coast Survey from 1847 to 1850 . Corbin was with the sloop " St . Mary ' s " of the Pacific Squadron from 1850 to 1852 . Corbin was promoted to lieutenant on June 10 , 1852 , and served aboard the steamer " Princeton " from 1852 to 1853 . He conducted a survey of the Río de la Plata from 1853 to 1855 and was stationed at the Navy Yard , Mare Island , California from 1855 to 1856 and on the receiving ship at New York from 1857 to 1858 . Corbin subsequently served aboard the steam - frigate " Wabash " with the Mediterranean Squadron from 1858 to 1859 . In 1860 he was on leave before returning to the " Wabash " in 1861 , which had been reassigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron after the outbreak of the American Civil War . Corbin participated in the capture of Fort Beauregard in Louisiana , Fort Walker in Atlanta , and Port Royal in South Carolina in April 1861 . Corbin served aboard the " Wabash " until 1863 . Corbin was promoted to commander on July 16 , 1862 . He served as Commandant of Midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy in 1863 . He commanded the steamer from 1864 to 1865 and was fleet captain of the West India Squadron enforcing the Union blockade from 1865 to 1866 .
Fane F . 1 / 40 The Fane F . 1 / 40 was a 1940s British Air Observation Post aircraft design by Captain Gerald Fane ' s Fane Aircraft Company ( formerly C F Aircraft Ltd ) Design and development . It was designed to Air Ministry specification F . 1 / 40 for an airborne observation post . It was developed by Gerard Fane based on the Comper Scamp . The Scamp had been designed by Nicholas Comper as a two seater but he had not built it but redesigned it as a single seater , the Comper Fly . Fane took the Scamp design and reworked it as the F . 1 . It was of pusher configuration with a high wing set behind the pilot . A single example serial number " T1788 " was flown and tested by the Air Ministry at Heston Aerodrome in March 1941 . It was in competition with the General Aircraft GAL . 47 but neither were selected for service use . In September 1941 the F . 1 / 40 was registered " G - AGDJ " to the builders , but was scrapped sometime during the war .
Desert castle The desert castles consist of a number of minor castle s and fortresses scattered over the desert in eastern Jordan . Most of the remaining castles are situated east of the capital Amman . History . The castles were built between the 7th century and 8th century , roughly between 660 and 750 , under the caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty who had made Damascus their new capital in 661 . The majority of the castles lie on the ancient trade routes towards Medina and Kufa . The castles are partly rebuilt from earlier remains and partly new constructions . The function and use of the buildings are yet today not quite determined , scholarship has suggested that they might have served a variety of defensive , agricultural , residential and commercial purposes . There are different theories concerning the use of the buildings . They may have been fortresses , meeting places for Bedouins ( between themselves or with the Umayyad governor ) , " badiyas " ( retreats for the nobles ) or used as caravanserai s . Many seem to have been surrounded by an oasis and to have served as bases for hunting . The castles represent some of the most impressive examples of early Islamic art and Islamic architecture , and are notable for including many figurative frescos and reliefs and people and animals , less frequently found in later Islamic art on such a large and public scale . Many elements of the palaces are also on display in museums in Amman . Buildings . Most of the buildings are now destroyed . Among the better preserved are :
Bouches - de - l ' Yssel Bouches - de - l ' Yssel ( ) is the name of a département of the First French Empire in the present Netherlands . It is named after the mouth of the river IJssel . It was formed in 1810 , when the Kingdom of Holland was annexed by France . Its territory corresponds with the present Dutch province Overijssel . Its capital was Zwolle . The département was subdivided into the following arrondissement s and cantons ( situation in 1812 ) : Its population in 1812 was 145 , 000 , and its area was 340 , 000 hectares . After Napoleon was defeated in 1814 , the département became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands .
USS King Philip ( 1845 ) USS " King Philip " ( 1845 ) was a steamer acquired by the United States Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a dispatch boat , providing various services . A commercial steamer seized by the Union Navy . " Powhatan " — a side - wheel steamer built in Baltimore , Maryland in 1845 by J . A . and E . T . Robinson — operated on the Potomac River out of Georgetown , D . C . . Early in the Civil War , the Union Army seized the side wheeler on 21 April 1861 and transferred her to the United States Navy . Assigned to replace stolen buoys in the Potomac . The next day , she entered the Washington Navy Yard to be fitted out for war service . A week later , Lieutenant John Glendy Sproston was ordered to take command of " Powhatan " and proceed to Kettle Bottom Shoals to replace and protect buoys there which had been removed by Confederate agents . Renamed USS " King Philip " . After patrol duty in the Potomac River , helping to protect Washington , D . C . during the early months of the Civil War , " Powhatan " steamed to Baltimore , Maryland for repairs . She was renamed USS " King Philip " on 4 November . Civil War duties . Throughout the Civil War , " King Philip " was used as a dispatch boat , shuttling mail , supplies , and passengers between Washington , D . C . and Union ships on the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers . In 1862 she served as a temporary home for the crew of the famous USS " Monitor " while they were waiting for their ship to be repaired and refitted . Post - war decommissioning and sale . " King Philip " was sold at auction to H . F . Harrill on 15 September 1865 .
SMS Nautilus SMS " Nautilus " was a German minelaying cruiser built before World War I . The ship was built by AG Weser , Bremen . The ship served during the war , and was scrapped in 1928 . Design . " Nautilus " was equipped with eight 8 . 8 cm SK L / 45 naval gun s . The guns fired 22 lb shells at a muzzle velocity of 2133 feet per second . The guns could elevate to 25 degrees , for a maximum range of 10 , 500 yards . The ship also carried 200 mines .
No . 230 Operational Conversion Unit RAF No . 230 Operational Conversion Unit ( OCU ) was first created on 15 Mar 1947 at RAF Lindholme , by re - designation of No . 1653 Heavy Conversion Unit , to convert crews onto the Avro Lancaster , Avro Lincoln and de Havilland Mosquito bombers . This unit was disbanded on 15 October 1952 to become the Reserve Training Squadron . Re - formed again at RAF Upwood , from the Lincoln Conversion Flight , 230 OCU trained Lincoln bomber crews until disbanded on 1 February 1955 , reverting to Lincoln Conversion Flight . Re - formed yet again at RAF Waddington , 230 OCU thereafter trained crews for the Avro Vulcan , moving to RAF Finningley in 1961 and to RAF Scampton in 1969 , remaining there until it was disbanded in 1981 .
Battle of Filipów The Battle of Filipów was fought on October 22 , 1656 between forces of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Field Lithuanian Hetman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski on one side , and on the other allied Swedish and Brandenburg - Prussia forces commanded by Gustaf Otto Stenbock and Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck . The battle ended with victory for the Swedish - Brandenburg - Prussian troops . After their victory in the Battle of Prostki , the Lithuanian - Tatar forces began widespread looting of the Duchy of Prussia . Soon afterwards , Crimean Tatar units , allied to Poland - Lithuania headed back to their homeland , and the Commonwealth army shrank to some 8 , 500 . In the second half of October , a Swedish - Brandenburg - Prussian army of some 9 , 000 rushed towards the Lithuanians , who camped in the village of Filipow near Suwalki . The Lithuanians were commanded by Hetman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski , while Swedish - Prussian forces were led by Gustaf Otto Stenbock and Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck . While main Lithuanian forces rested in Filipow , Swedish - Prussian army carried out a suprise attack on their rear units , which were stationed in Mieruniszki . As time went by , additional units on both sides entered the battle . From the very beginning , Gustaf Otto Stenbock and Georg Friedrich of Waldeck enjoyed a tactical advantage . The Lithuanians were threatened with encirclement , so Gosiewski ordered a retreat northwards . Due to this decision , Lithuanian losses were negligent , with one exception of Prince Boguslaw Radziwill , who had been captured in Prostki , and who was released in Filipow . After the battle , the Lithuanians retreated from the Duchy of Prussia , while Stenbock with his army headed southwards , to the Vistula river .
Arkady Ter - Tadevosyan Arkady Ter - Tadevosyan ( ; ; also known by the troops under his command as Komandos ( ) ; born May 22 , 1939 ) is a Soviet and Armenian Major General , a military leader of the Armenian forces during the Nagorno - Karabakh War and Armenia ' s former Deputy Minister of Defense . Ter - Tadevosyan is best known as being the commander of the operation to capture the town of Shushi in May 1992 . Biography . Ter - Tadevosyan was born in Tbilisi , Georgian SSR . After graduating from a high school in Tbilisi , he decided to become an officer . He attended the Baku Combined Arms Command School and later Leningrad Military Academy of Rear Services and Transportation . He served in Afghanistan where he earned the nickname , Mountain Fox . He continued his military service in East Germany , Czechoslovakia and Belarus , and also served as a lecturer at the Armenian State Agrarian University . With the breakup of the Soviet Union and the brewing conflict in Nagorno - Karabakh , Ter - Tadevosyan took part in organizing in 1990 the defense of Armenian villages straddling the borders of Soviet Azerbaijan . He joined the Sasuntsi Davit Detachment to defend villages from constant attacks launched by Azerbaijan i militants . Karabakh War . Thereafter , he went to Nagorno - Karabakh to train soldiers . Ter - Tadevosyan was appointed Head of Training Corps Defense Committee in 1991 . In 1992 he was named commander of the operation ( dubbed Wedding in Mountains ) to seize the strategic town of Shushi , the capture of which in May 1992 marked the first significant military victory by Armenian forces during the Nagorno - Karabakh War . Ter - Tadevosyan is known in Armenia as the " mastermind of Shushi liberation " . He participated in the formation of the Armenian armed forces and assisted it to overcome significant challenges before it could emerge as a well - developed institution . On 25 May 1992 , Ter - Tadevosyan was awarded the rank of Major General for his accomplishments during the Nagorno - Karabakh War . He also received the Order of the Combat Cross ( 1st class ) . In May 2000 , Ter - Tadevosyan left the Yerkrapah veterans union and founded the Veterans of the War of Liberation organization , although he left it in July of that year , expressing personal grievances about those who had joined it . The President of Nagorno - Karabakh Republic , Bako Sahakyan , awarded him with the Order of the Golden Eagle and the title of Hero of Artsakh on the 17th the anniversary of the Capture of Shushi in 2009 . The region continues to hold much meaning to Ter - Tadevosyan , who spends at least one week each month there . Ter - Tadevosyan is currently supervising the training of specialists in the Armenian armed forces .
16th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry The 16th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 16th New Hampshire Infantry was organized in Concord , New Hampshire , and mustered in October 24 , 1862 , for nine months ' service under the command of Colonel James Pike . The regiment left New Hampshire for New York November and joined Banks ' Expeditionary Corps . Sailed for New Orleans , Louisiana , December 6 , arriving December 20 . Attached to Sherman ' s Division , Department of the Gulf , to January 1863 . 1st Brigade , 3rd Division , XIX Corps , Army of the Gulf , to May 1863 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , XIX Corps , to August , 1863 . Duty at Carrollton and in the defenses of New Orleans , La . , until April 1863 . Operations on Bayou Plaquemine and the Black and Atchafalaya rivers February 12 – 28 . Operations against Port Hudson , Louisiana , March 7 – 27 . Fort Burton , Butte a la Rose , April 19 . At Fort Burton until May 30 . Ordered to Port Hudson May 30 , and assigned as guard at arsenal of Banks ' Army at Springfield Landing June 3 to July 9 . Surrender of Port Hudson July 9 . Occupation of works until August 1 . Moved to Concord , New Hampshire , August 1 – 14 . The 16th New Hampshire Infantry mustered out of service August 20 , 1863 , at Concord , New Hampshire . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 221 men during service ; 5 officers and 216 enlisted men died of disease .