naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Bulair The battle of Bulair ( , ) took place on 26 January 1913 between the Bulgarian Seventh Rila Infantry Division under General Georgi Todorov and the Ottoman 27th Infantry Division . The result was a Bulgarian victory . Origins . The strong Ottoman fortress Edirne was blocked by the Bulgarian army since the beginning of the war in 1912 . From the middle of January 1913 the Ottoman high command prepared an attack towards Edirne to break through the blockade . The battle . The advance began in the morning of 26 January when the Myuretebi Division headed under the cover of fog from the Saor Bay toward the road to Bulair . The attack was uncovered at only 100 steps from the Bulgarian positions . In 7 o ' clock the Ottoman artillery opened fire . The Bulgarian auxiliary artillery also opened fire as did the soldiers of the 13th Infantry Regiment and the enemy advance was slowed . From 8 o ' clock advanced the Ottoman 27th Infantry Division which concentrated on the shore - line of the Sea of Marmara . Due to their superiority the Ottomans seized the position at the Doganarslan Chiflik and began to surround the left wing of the 22nd Infantry Regiment . The command of the Seventh Rila Infantry Division reacted immediately and ordered a counter - attack of the 13th Rila Infantry Regiment which forced the Myuretebi Division to pull back . The Ottoman forces were surprised by the decisive actions of the Bulgarians and when they saw the advancing 22nd Thracian Infantry Regiment they panicked . The Bulgarian artillery now concentrated its fire on Doganarslan Chiflik . Around 15 o ' clock 22nd Regiment counter - attacked the right wing of the Ottoman forces and after a short but fierce fight the enemy began to retreated . Many of the fleeing Ottoman troops were killed by the accurate fire of the Bulgarian artillery . After that the whole Bulgarian army attacked and defeated the Ottoman left wing . Around 17 o ' clock the Ottoman forces renewed the attacked and headed towards the Bulgarian center but are repulsed and suffered heavy casualties . The position was cleared from the Ottoman forces and the defense line was reorganized . In the battle of Bulair the Ottoman forces lost almost half of their manpower and left their entire equipment on the battlefield .
Adolf Pittschellis Adolf Pittschellis ( 28 October 1914 — 26 January 1945 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ; which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Sturmbannführer Adolf Pittschellis was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on the 23 August 1944 , Commands . 3 - SS - Division " Totenkopf "
Volcano mine system The M - 136 Volcano mine system is a US an automated , scattered mine delivery system designed to lay a mine field of up to 960 mines ( 160 canisters ) at an average density of 0 . 9 mines per meter front . The system is designed to be mounted on and powered by the following vehicles . Dispenser vehicles . These mines have 3 self - destruct settings varying from short to long . Types of Mines in Canisters : M - 87 Canister : 1 AP ( Anti personnel ) mine and 6 AT ( Anti Tank ) mines per canister M - 87A1 Canister : 6 AT mines
Donald Perera Air Chief Marshal G Donald Perera VSV , USP , ndc , psc , SLAF was the Commander of the Sri Lanka Air Force from 2002 to 2006 and Chief of the Defence Staff from 2006 to 2009 . After stepping down as Chief of the Defence Staff , Perera was appointed as Sri Lanka ' s Ambassador to Israel in 2009 .
USS Neodesha ( YTB - 815 ) Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Neodesha " was awarded on 22 June 1970 . She was laid down down on 10 May 1971 at Sturgeon Bay , Wisconsin , by Peterson Builders and launched 6 October 1971 . Operational history . " Neodesha " served the 14th Naval District at Pearl Harbor , HI . On 3 August 2007 she was reclassified as an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , given the hull number IX - 540 . " Neodesha " is assigned to Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit One as a non - operational training hulk .
United States – Russia mutual detargeting Between 12 and 15 January 1994 , President Bill Clinton of the United States and President Boris Yeltsin of the Russian Federation negotiated an agreement between their respective countries not to target strategic nuclear missiles at each other . The text of the agreement , which is thirteen paragraphs long , includes a single paragraph on the subject of detargeting . It specifies 30 May 1994 as the deadline for detargeting , and states that " for the first time in nearly half a century - - virtually since the dawn of the nuclear age - - Russia and United States will not operate nuclear forces , day - to - day , in a manner that presumes they are adversaries . " Detargeted missiles are reprogrammed to either have no target or , in the case of missiles that require a constant target ( such as the Minuteman III ) , are set to open - ocean targets . In 1997 , during a debate over an amendment that would require the president to certify that Russia had detargeted its missiles , Representative Curt Weldon ( R - PA ) introduced into the Congressional Record a transcript of a " 60 Minutes " interview with Russian generals which stated that Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles could be retargeted to point to US targets within a matter of minutes . Weldon also pointed out that there is no way to verify that Russia has detargeted its missiles .
Operation Desert Scorpion ( Iraq 1998 ) Operation Desert Scorpion was an American response to the crises between the United Nations and Iraq in February 1998 . Sadam Hussein provoked the United Nations by refusing to live up to his obligations to allow full access to his military sites for inspection . American military units deployed to the region ( Operation Desert Thunder ) , in support of a number of options . Operation Desert Scorpion was a contingency plan that called for a single American division ( The 24th Infantry Division ) , reinforced by some Marine units , to drive from Kuwait north to beyond Basra , cutting Iraq in half and hopefully provoking widespread rebellions . This option was not carried out , as the United Nations Secretary General was able to negotiate a peaceful solution .
William Charles Bowser < br > William " Bill " Charles Bowser ( June 25 , 1915 – June 28 , 2006 ) served as a member of the all - black Pea Island Life - Saving Station along the Outer Banks of North Carolina from 1935 to 1938 . He was one of the last surviving members of the Pea Island Station that was decommissioned after World War II . Bowser received the U . S . Coast Guard Gold Lifesaving Medal in March 1996 at the Navy Memorial in Washington , D . C . on behalf of the crew of the historic 1896 rescue of nine persons from the schooner E . S . Newman . Authors David Wright and David Zoby co - wrote the history of the Pea Island Station in the book titled " Fire on the Beach " .
Command element ( United States Marine Corps ) In the United States Marine Corps , the command element or CE is the command and control force of a Marine Air - Ground Task Force ( MAGTF ) . It provides C3I for the MAGTF . Role within the MAGTF . The CE provides all headquarters functions for the MAGTF : command , operations , plans , and administration . It also often holds units which do not fit within the ground combat element , aviation combat element , or logistics combat element . Organization . The size of the CE varies in proportion to the size of the MAGTF . A Marine Expeditionary Force has a MEF Headquarters Group , approximately the size of a regiment . A Marine Expeditionary Brigade holds a battalion - sized MEB Headquarters Group . The various Marine Expeditionary Unit s command a company - sized MEU Headquarters Group . Generally , MEF postings are permanent , while MEBs and MEUs rotate their GCE , ACE , and LCE twice annually . Hierarchy of Marine command units . I Marine Expeditionary Force Headquarters Group . CE of I Marine Expeditionary Force II Marine Expeditionary Force Headquarters Group . CE of II Marine Expeditionary Force III Marine Expeditionary Force Headquarters Group . CE of III Marine Expeditionary Force Headquarters Battalion . CE of Marine Forces Reserve
Battery A , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery Battery A , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was a heavy artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The Battery A , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was initially organized in Providence , Rhode Island as the 3rd Rhode Island Infantry in August 1861 . It was officially changed to heavy artillery on December 19 , 1861 at Hilton Head , South Carolina . The battery was attached to Sherman ' s Expeditionary Corps to April 1862 . 3rd Brigade , 1st Division , Department of the South , to July 1862 . U . S . Forces Hilton Head , South Carolina , Department of the South , to September 1862 . U . S . Forces Hilton Head , South Carolina , X Corps , Department of the South , to January 1863 . District of Beaufort , South Carolina , X Corps , to November 1863 . Morris Island , South Carolina , X Corps , Department of the South , to December 1863 . Folly Island , South Carolina , X Corps , to January 1864 . District of Hilton Head , South Carolina , X Corps , to April 1864 . District of Florida , Department of the South , to October 1864 . District of Beaufort , South Carolina , 2nd Separate Brigade , Department of the South , to November 1864 . Artillery Brigade , Coast Division , Department of the South , to January 1865 . District of Beaufort , South Carolina , 2nd Separate Brigade , Department of the South , and Department of South Carolina , to August 1865 . Battery A , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery mustered out of service August 27 , 1865 . Detailed service . Duty at Hilton Head , S . C . , until January 1863 . Action at Whitmarsh and Wilmington Islands April 16 , 1862 . At Beaufort , S . C . , until November 1863 . Moved to Morris Island , S . C . , November 14 – 16 , and operations against Charleston , S . C . , from Morris and Folly Islands , until December 1863 . Moved to Hilton Head , S . C . , and duty there until April 1864 . Moved to Jacksonville , Fla . , and duty there until October 1864 . Expedition from Jacksonville to Finnegan ' s Camp May 25 . Cedar Creek May 25 . Expedition from Jacksonville to Camp Milton May 31 - June 3 . Expedition to Baldwin July 23 – 28 . South Fork Black Creek July 24 . Near Whitesides July 27 . Raid on Florida Railroad August 15 – 19 . Engagement at Gainesville August 17 . Moved to Beaufort , S . C . , October , and duty there until November 29 . Expedition to Boyd ' s Neck November 29 – 30 . Battle of Honey Hill November 30 . Demonstration on Charleston & Savannah Railroad December 6 – 9 . Deveaux Neck December 6 and December 27 . Duty at Beaufort , S . C . , until May 1865 , and in Department of the South until August 1865 . Casualties . Individual battery losses are not available , but the regiment ' s losses ( all 12 batteries ) are reported as a total of 135 men during service ; 2 officers and 39 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 4 officers and 90 enlisted men died of disease .
Air Commodore - in - Chief Air Commodore - in - Chief is a type of honorary air force appointment which originated in the Royal Air Force and now exists in the air forces of various Commonwealth realm s . Initially only the British monarch held air commodore - in - chief appointments . However , since the second half of the 20th century , other members of the Commonwealth realms ' shared Royal Family have been appointed to such positions . Air commodore - in - chief appointments do not confer a rank , be it air commodore or otherwise . Air commodore - in - chief appointments are more senior than honorary air commodore appointments . The equivalent naval title of Commodore - in - Chief was introduced in 2006 . Air commodores - in - chief . Prince Edward , Prince of Wales . Prince Edward , Prince of Wales ( later King Edward VIII and then Duke of Windsor ) , held the following appointments : King George VI . King George VI held the following appointments : Queen Elizabeth II . Queen Elizabeth II held or holds the following appointments : Prince Philip . Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , holds the following appointments : Prince Charles . Prince Charles , Prince of Wales , holds the following appointments :
Byron G . Highland Byron G . Highland ( February 8 , 1934 – February 21 , 1967 ) was a United States Marine Corps combat photographer during the Vietnam War who was killed by a landmine alongside the war correspondent and historian Bernard B . Fall on the while observing Operation Chinook II on the Street Without Joy , Thừa Thiên Province on 21 February 1967 , leaving behind his wife , and two sons and a daughter from a previous marriage . The last few minutes which the two spent together are documented in Fall ' s posthumously published book " Last Reflections on a War " , via a tape recorder Fall was dictating into just prior to the explosion . Born in Detroit , he entered the Marines in 1953 , and also served in the Korean War . His eldest son , Kenneth E . Highland , later recorded a song with the punk band Johnny and the Jumper Cables , entitled " Landmine " , about his father ' s death .
Lloyd C . Hawks Lloyd Cortez Hawks ( January 13 , 1911 – October 26 , 1953 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Hawks joined the Army from Park Rapids , Minnesota in 1942 , and by January 30 , 1944 was serving as a private first class in the Medical Detachment of the 30th Infantry Regiment , 3rd Infantry Division . On that day , near Carano , Italy , he crawled through intense enemy fire to aid two wounded men . He dragged one man to safety but was severely wounded after returning for the second man . Despite these wounds , he was able to drag the second man to safety also . Hawks recovered from his injuries and , on January 15 , 1945 , was awarded the Medal of Honor . Hawks remained in the army after World War II , and later served in the Korean War , reaching the rank of sergeant first class . He died from a heart attack at age 42 and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery , Park Rapids , Minnesota . Medal of Honor citation . Hawks ' official Medal of Honor citation reads : For gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty . On January 30 , 1944 , at 3 p . m . , near Carano , Italy , Pfc . Hawks braved an enemy counterattack in order to rescue 2 wounded men who , unable to move , were lying in an exposed position within 30 yards of the enemy . Two riflemen , attempting the rescue , had been forced to return to their fighting holes by extremely severe enemy machinegun fire , after crawling only 10 yards toward the casualties . An aid man , whom the enemy could plainly identify as such , had been critically wounded in a similar attempt . Pfc . Hawks , nevertheless , crawled 50 yards through a veritable hail of machinegun bullets and flying mortar fragments to a small ditch , administered first aid to his fellow aid man who had sought cover therein , and continued toward the 2 wounded men 50 yards distant . An enemy machinegun bullet penetrated his helmet , knocking it from his head , momentarily stunning him . Thirteen bullets passed through his helmet as it lay on the ground within 6 inches of his body . Pfc . Hawks , crawled to the casualties , administered first aid to the more seriously wounded man and dragged him to a covered position 25 yards distant . Despite continuous automatic fire from positions only 30 yards away and shells which exploded within 25 yards , Pfc . Hawks returned to the second man and administered first aid to him . As he raised himself to obtain bandages from his medical kit his right hip was shattered by a burst of machinegun fire and a second burst splintered his left forearm . Displaying dogged determination and extreme self - control , Pfc . Hawks , despite severe pain and his dangling left arm , completed the task of bandaging the remaining casualty and with superhuman effort dragged him to the same depression to which he had brought the first man . Finding insufficient cover for 3 men at this point , Pfc . Hawks crawled 75 yards in an effort to regain his company , reaching the ditch in which his fellow aid man was lying .
21st Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 21st Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 21st Wisconsin was organized at Oshkosh , Wisconsin and mustered into Federal service September 5 , 1862 . On September 9 , 1864 , Col . Francis H . West , commanding the Thirty - first Wisconsin Infantry . , details the regiments transferred to the XX Corp . during the siege of Atlanta in his official report : Regiment arrived at Nashville June 10 , and was assigned to post command , to perform city provost - guard duty . On July 16 , orders having been received from Major - General Thomas , commanding Department of the Cumberland , transferring the regiment from the Fourth Division , Twentieth Corps , to the Third Brigade , First Division , Twentieth Corps , and ordering the regiment to proceed at once to the front , the regiment proceeded via Chattanooga to Marietta , Ga . , by rail , from which place it marched to the army at the front on the south side of the Chattahoochee River , where it arrived and reported to Colonel Robinson , commanding brigade , on the morning of July 21 , 1864 . On this march the regiment lost by railroad accident , when near Adairsville , Ga . , 1 killed and 12 wounded , including 2 commissioned officers . The effective force of the regiment at this date was 650 ; aggregate , 872 . The regiment was mustered out on June 17 , 1865 . Casualties . The 21st Wisconsin suffered 5 officers and 117 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds , plus another 3 officers and 180 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 305 fatalities .
Operation Saxifrage During World War II , Operation Saxifrage was a raid by four small Special Air Service teams who landed on the east coast of Italy on the night of 27 October 1943 . Despite miserable weather , the team was able to cut the rail line between Ancona and Pescara in several places before being withdrawn by boat on 27 October . Two troopers were captured .
Dryad - class torpedo gunboat The " Dryad " - class torpedo gunboat was the last class of torpedo gunboat built for the Royal Navy . This type of vessel was rapidly replaced by the faster torpedo boat destroyer , and all of the class were converted to minesweepers during World War I , with the exception of " Hazard " , which became a submarine depot ship . Design . Ordered under the Naval Defence Act of 1889 , which established the " Two - Power Standard " , the ships were contemporary with the first torpedo boat destroyers , a type which subsequently superseded the torpedo gunboats . With a length overall of , a beam of and a displacement of 1 , 070 tons , these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time ; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers . Machinery . They were equipped with two sets of vertical triple - expansion steam engines , with two locomotive - type boilers , driving through twin screws . This layout produced giving them a speed of ; " Halcyon " was uprated to produce 6000 ihp , giving her a speed of . They carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and were manned by 120 sailors and officers . Armament . The armament when built comprised two QF guns , four 6 - pounder guns and a single 5 - barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun . " Hussar " as built mounted only one QF 4 . 7 - inch gun , two 12 - pounders and one 6 - pounder . The primary weapon was five 18 - inch ( 450 - mm ) torpedo tubes , with two reloads . On conversion to minesweepers in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed .
Robert Ratcliff Robert Frederick Ratcliff ( 1867 – 1943 ) , was an English brewer , Territorial Army officer and politician who represented Burton . Ratcliff was the son of Robert Ratcliff and his wife Emily . His father was a brewer in the partnership of Bass Ratcliff and Gretton and lived at Newton Solney in south Derbyshire . He was educated at Rossall School and Cambridge University . Ratcliff followed his father into the brewery and was also an active member of the territorial reserve . He was commissioned into the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the 5th Staffordshire Rifle Volunteer Corps on 19 March 1887 , as a Second - Lieutenant serving with " B " Company at Burton . He was promoted to Lieutenant on 27 July 1889 , Captain on 23 January 1892 , and Major 18 July 1900 . In 1900 Ratcliff was elected as Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for Burton . With the reformation of the Territorial reserves he became Honorary Lieutenant - Colonel of the 6th North Staffordshire Regiment on 21 September 1907 and succeeded John Gretton as Lieutenant - Colonel in command of the 6th North Staffords on 18 November 1909 . In 1912 he changed his parliamentary allegiance and became Conservative MP for Burton . On the outbreak World War I the reserves were mobilised and on 20 May 1915 he took command of the 1 / 6 North Staffordshires . The battalion saw heavy fighting in the Battle of Loos at the Hohenzollern Redoubt . Ratcliff gave up his parliamentary seat in 1918 . He maintained his links with the Territorial Army and when it was reformed in 1921 , Ratcliff was again in command of the 6th North Staffords until 1924 . He was on the committee of the County Territorial Army Association from 1922 to 1925 . He served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1929 . Among his charitable activities , he built the village hall at Newton Solney .
Oswald Rayner Oswald Rayner ( born 1888 or 1889 , Smethwick , Staffordshire , England , died 6 March 1961 , Botley , Oxfordshire , England ) was a British MI6 agent in Russia during World War I . He later went on to be the Daily Telegraph correspondent in Finland . Oswald Theodore Rayner was born in Smethwick , the son of Thomas Rayner , a draper and his wife Florence . Between the years 1907 and 1910 Rayner studied Modern Languages at Oriel College , Oxford . During his time at Oxford , Rayner formed a close relationship with Felix Yusupov who was also enrolled at the University . By the outbreak of the First World War , Rayner was highly proficient in the French , German and Russian languages , and so , was recruited to MI6 as an intelligence officer . He is believed to have been involved in the final murder plot against Rasputin , and according to a recent investigation might be the person who fired the shot that actually killed Rasputin . Later he compiled an English translation of Yusupov ' s book , " Rasputin ; His Malignant Influence and His Assassination " He named his only son , John Felix Rayner , after Yusupov .
No . 1 Fighter Sector RAAF No . 1 Fighter Sector ( 1FS ) was a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) unit formed at Bankstown , New South Wales on 25 February 1942 . The RAAF commandeered Capitol Theatre at Bankstown for use as an operations and plotting facility on 14 March 1942 . No . 1 Fighter Sector handed over operations to United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) on 10 April 1942 . The operations shifted to a disused railway tunnel at St James railway station in Sydney . On 13 August 1942 , the RAAF resumed operations of No . 1 Fighter Sector and on 7 September 1942 the unit moved back to Bankstown . No . 1 Fighter Sector was renamed No . 101 Fighter Sector ( 101FS ) on 18 October 1943 and was further renamed No . 101 Fighter Control Unit ( 101FCU ) on 7 March 1944 . Unit became Air Defence Headquarters Sydney ( ADHQ ) on 21 January 1945 and moved into a three storey semi - underground purpose built operations and plotting facility at Bankstown . ADHQ was disbanded on 27 January 1947 .