naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siege of Wolmar The Siege of Wolmar occurred during the Polish – Swedish War ( 1600 – 1611 ) , between October 18 and December 18 , 1601 . Polish forces , numbering around 15 , 000 , with 50 pieces of artillery , led by the Grand Crown Hetman Jan Zamoyski besieged the city ( present day Valmiera ) defended by about 1 , 000 infantry under Pontus De la Gardie and Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm . Other notable commanders on the Polish side included the Field Crown Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski and the field marshal l Jürgen von Farensbach ( " Jerzy Farensbach " ) . The king of Poland , Sigismund III Vasa , was initially present at the siege , but left for Wilno on December 5 . At first the Swedish artillery managed to hold back the Poles who did not intend to storm Wolmar without proper siege cannons . However , on December 8 such pieces arrived and an intense bombardment of Wolmar was executed which continued for ten days . Finally on December 18 , when the cannons had breached two entrances in the walls , the Polish troops managed to storm the defenses and entered the city . The Swedish garrison withdrew to the town ' s castle where they defended themselves and held back the Poles for a while . Later when the situation became particularly disadvantagous they asked for conditions of surrender . Subsequently , after capitulation , the Swedish officers were taken prisoner by the Poles while the rank and file soldiers were allowed to leave after swearing an oath that they would not continue to fight against the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . The captured Swedish generals Pontus De la Gardie and Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm were treated very well until they were transferred to the king . Sigismund decided to lock them in the castle of Rawa . Conditions there became very tough . De la Gardie was exchanged and returned to the Swedish army in 1605 . Gyllenhielm was held captive until 1613 .
List of Civil War Monuments of Kentucky This is a list of the 61 American Civil War monuments in Kentucky that were added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 17 , 1997 , as a result of a Multiple Property Submission ( MPS ) . Although Kentucky produced more Union troops than Confederate troops ( 75 , 000 compared to 50 , 000 ) , most of the monuments included in the MPS were dedicated to Confederate forces . The earliest Confederate memorials were , in general , simple memorials . The earliest such monument was the Confederate Monument in Cynthiana erected in 1869 . Later monuments were more elaborate . In the late 19th century , Confederate monuments increasingly were focused on a " memorialization of the Lost Cause " and a " celebration of the Confederacy " . Two prominent monuments were not included in the MPS because they were already listed on the National Register and they are significantly different from the others listed . These are the Jefferson Davis Monument in Fairview , Kentucky and Abraham Lincoln ' s Birthplace .
Borel military monoplane The Borel Military Monoplane was a French single - engine , two - seat aircraft designed shortly before World War I in response to a French Army requirement for an aircraft to seek and destroy enemy balloon airship s . Design . The Military Monoplane had an unconventional design , owing to its unique mission requirement . The pilot and observer sat side by side in an open cockpit within a pod that also carried a high monoplane wing and the engine driving a pusher propeller . The pod also featured windows on each side , near the crewmembers ' feet to facilitate downwards visibility when hunting balloons . A cruciform empennage was carried on an open truss of triangular cross - section , the upper longeron of which passed through the propeller hub . Despite reportedly good flying characteristics , the idea never passed beyond the construction of a single prototype .
Operation Chavín de Huántar Operation Chavín de Huántar was a military operation in which a team of one hundred and forty - two commandos of the Peruvian Armed Forces ended the 1997 Japanese embassy hostage crisis by raiding the Japan ese ambassador ' s residence and freeing the hostages held there by the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ( MRTA ) . It is said that President Alberto Fujimori himself came up with the name " Chavín de Huántar " for the operation because to make the incursion possible tunnels were to be dug under the ambassador ' s residence from adjacent buildings . Chavín de Huántar is an archeological site in the central highlands of Peru which is famous for its underground passageways . The rescue operation was prepared and exercised in an embassy exact replica located in a military base ; there the commandos practiced every detail of the operation , including the weight of the explosion to be used to open the floor of the embassy . During the course of the assault on 22 April 1997 , two commandos , one hostage , and all fourteen of the rebels died . The success of the operation was tainted by subsequent claims , backed by several witnesses , that at least three and possibly eight of the rebels had been summarily executed by the commandos after surrendering . There are also rumours that Vladimiro Montesinos , Chief of Military Intelligence , order the execution of the only dead hostage , Carlos Guisti who was an Alberto Fujimori political rival . In 2002 , the case was taken up by public prosecutors , but the Peruvian Supreme Court ruled that the military tribunals had jurisdiction . A military court later absolved them of guilt , and the " Chavín de Huántar " soldiers led the 2004 military parade . In response , MRTA family members filed suit in 2003 at the Inter - American Commission on Human Rights ( CIDH ) accusing the Peruvian state of human rights violations , namely that the MRTA rebels had been denied " right to life , the right to judicial guarantees and the right to judicial protection " . The CIDH accepted the case and is currently studying it . Alan García , president of Peru , ruled that every April 22 , the country commemorated the day of " military valorous actions " , in honor of the Operacion Chavín de Huántar , considered one of the most successful military rescue in the world . The government of Ollanta Humala will honor the soldiers who took part of the successful operation .
Frank Nelson ( politician ) Sir Frank Nelson KCMG ( 1883 – 11 August 1966 ) was a British civil servant and Conservative Party politician . He was educated at Bedford School and Neuenheim College , Heidelberg . After leaving school he travelled to India as an assistant with Symons , Barlow and Co , rising to be a senior partner . During the First World War he served with the Bombay Light Horse . In 1922 he was made chairman of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce , and was then made President of the Associatied Chambers of Commerce of India and Ceylon in 1923 . From 1922 to 1924 Nelson was a member of the legislative council of Bombay . In 1924 he was knighted and returned to England , where he was elected Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Stroud at the general election in October 1924 . He was reelected in 1929 but resigned his seat in May 1931 in order to go into business . At the outbreak of the Second World War he was the Consul to Basel , but after the formation of the Special Operations Executive or SOE in 1940 he was appointed as its chief by order of the War Office . He wore himself out establishing the organisation , and retired in 1942 due to ill - health .
Edward Lisle Strutt Lt - Col . Edward Lisle Strutt CBE , DSO ( 8 February 1874 – 7 July 1948 ) was a British soldier and mountaineer , and President of the Alpine Club from 1935 – 38 . Family . Strutt was the son of Hon . Arthur Strutt and Alice Mary Elizabeth Philips de Lisle . His paternal grandfather was Edward Strutt , 1st Baron Belper . On 10 October 1905 he married Florence Nina , daughter of John Robert Hollond MP DL , of Wonham , Bampton , Devon . They had no children . Education and military life . Educated at Beaumont College , Windsor , then at Christ Church , Oxford , and the University of Innsbruck , Strutt served in the Boer War and the First World War , gaining many decorations and attaining the rank of Lieutenant - Colonel in the Royal Scots . Strutt commanded a detachment of soldiers from the Honourable Artillery Company that escorted the family of Charles I , the last Austro - Hungarian Emperor - King , to safety in Switzerland in 1919 , after having served as the family ' s protector at Eckartsau on the personal initiative of King George V . Strutt was also involved in a Hungarian Habsburg restoration bid in February 1921 and as a communication link between the Habsburg Imperial and Royal couple aboard the HMS " Cardiff " , on their way to exile in Madeira , and their children in Switzerland in November 1921 . In 1920 Strutt was appointed Allied High Commissioner of the League of Nations in Danzig . Alpinism . Strutt was climbing leader and deputy to expedition leader C . G . Bruce on the 1922 British expedition to Mount Everest that included George Finch and George Mallory . Strutt proved to be an unpopular member of the party , being thought of as ' pompous and pontificating ' . The expedition was called off when an avalanche killed seven Sherpa climbers . Strutt was editor of the " Alpine Journal " from 1927 – 37 , these being the years – according to Alan Hankinson – in which ' the Alpine Club [ . . . ] had declined into a stuffy , snobbish , backward - looking institution . ' Hankinson added : The trend towards climbing ( and descending ) the great peaks at great speed also disgusted Strutt . On hearing of an American who had hired a guide to take him up and down the Matterhorn in five hours , Strutt commented that this was the kind of crime ' for which the death penalty is inadequate ' . The ongoing attempts on the north face of the Eiger ( the " Eigerwand " ) – which had thus far resisted all efforts , and had taken the lives of six German and Austrian climbers – were a particular object of his disdain , provoking his most notorious outburst ( in his 1938 Presidential Valedictory Address to the Alpine Club , just before the first successful ascent by Anderl Heckmair and party ) :
William Allen ( Royal Navy officer ) Rear - Admiral William Allen FRS ( November 1792 – 23 January 1864 ) was an English naval officer and explorer . Life . Allen was born in Weymouth , Dorset and entered the Royal Navy . He was involved in fighting the African slave trade , and took part in three expeditions to West Africa : in 1832 he went up the River Niger with Richard Lemon Lander and Macgregor Laird , and he also commanded a vessel in the Niger expedition of 1841 . Allen collected the type specimen of Allen ' s Gallinule ( a small waterbird ) near the River Niger . He was a Fellow of the Royal Society . Works . In 1848 , Allen with Thomas Richard Heywood Thomson published , in two volumes as " A Narrative of the Expedition sent by H . M . ' s Government to the River Niger in 1841 " . In 1849 he travelled through Syria and Palestine , and published the results in two volumes ( 1855 ) as " The Dead Sea , a New Route to India , with other Fragments and Gleanings in the East " , in which he advocated the construction of a canal between the Mediterranean and Red Sea by the Jordan Valley and Dead Sea , and compared that route with the proposed Suez Canal . In 1846 Allen published a pamphlet on " Mutual Improvement " , advocating the institution of good - conduct prizes to be awarded by ballot by the community divided for the purpose into small groups ; and in 1849 a " Plan for the immediate Extinction of the Slave Trade , for the Relief of the West India Colonies , and for the Diffusion of Civilisation and Christianity in Africa by the co - operation of Mammon with Philanthropy " , a scheme of compulsory " apprenticeship " or " temporary bondage " . Allen also brought out two volumes of " Picturesque Views " on Ascension Island ( 1838 ) and the River Niger ( 1840 ) , with papers in the " Journal of the Royal Geographical Society " , vols . vii . viii . xiii . and xxiii . Some of his landscape paintings were exhibited at the Royal Academy , from 1828 to 1847 .
RAF Bempton RAF Bempton was an RAF airfield during the First World War situated at Bempton in the East Riding of Yorkshire , England , 6 miles north of Bridlington . During the Second World War it was a radar station . Current use . The site was sold in 1980 / 81 and is now privately owned .
130th Ohio Infantry The 130th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 130th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was originally organized as the 1st Ohio National Guard . Service . The 130th Ohio Infantry was organized in Sandusky , Ohio and mustered in May 13 , 1864 for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Charles B . Phillips . The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , X Corps , Army of the James . The 130th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Toledo , Ohio on September 22 , 1864 . Detailed service . Performed guard duty at Johnson ' s Island , Sandusky Bay , until June 4 . It then moved to Washington , D . C . , June 4 and to Bermuda Hundred , Virginia , June 8 . Picket duty at Bermuda Hundred and at Point of Rocks until June 21 . March to Deep Bottom June 21 , and duty there until August 11 . Duty in lines at Bermuda Hundred and at Fort Powhatan August 11 to September 16 , 1864 . Ohio National Guard . Over 35 , 000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864 . Shipped to the Eastern Theater , they were designed to be placed in " safe " rear areas to protect railroads and supply points , thereby freeing regular troops for Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ’ s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . As events transpired , many units found themselves in combat , stationed in the path of Confederate Gen . Jubal Early ’ s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Ohio Guard units met the battle - tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington , D . C . from capture . Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy , Fort Stevens , Harpers Ferry , and in the siege of Petersburg . Casualties . The regiment lost 23 men during service ; 1 officer and 22 enlisted men , all due to disease .
Cross Keys Union order of battle The following United States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Cross Keys of the American Civil War . The Confederate order of battle is listed separately . Union Forces Near Cross Keys . MG John C . Frémont Mountain Department . MG John C . Frémont Department of the Rappahannock ( formerly I Corps , Army of the Potomac ) . MG Irvin McDowell ( not present )
Chen Yi ( general ) Chen Yi ( ; August 26 , 1901 – January 6 , 1972 ) was a Chinese communist military commander and politician . He served as the 2nd Mayor of Shanghai and the 2nd Foreign Minister of China . Biography . Chen was born in Lezhi County near Chengdu , Sichuan , into a moderately wealthy magistrate ' s family . A comrade of Lin Biao from their guerilla days , Chen was a commander of the New Fourth Army during the Sino - Japanese War ( 1937 - 1945 ) , spearheaded the Shandong counter - offensive during the Chinese Civil War , and later commanded the Communist armies that defeated the KMT forces during the Huaihai Campaign and conquered the lower Yangtze region in 1948 – 49 . He was made a Marshal of the People ' s Liberation Army ( PLA ) in 1955 . After the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , Chen became mayor of Shanghai . He also served as vice premier from 1954 to 1972 and foreign minister from 1958 to 1972 and president of the China Foreign Affairs University from 1961 to 1969 . During the Cultural Revolution , he was criticized in 1967 , but never dismissed , so Zhou Enlai performed the duties of foreign minister in his place . He was a member of the 8th CPC Politburo from 1956 to 1967 and he was not admitted to the 9th Politburo ( 1969 ) , though he was a member of the 9th CPC Central Committee . After Marshal Lin Biao ' s death in 1971 , he was restored to favor , although not to his former power . Mao Zedong personally presided over his funeral arrangements . This was Mao ' s last public appearance and his first appearance at anyone ' s funeral during the Cultural Revolution .
Kalaa Djerda Airfield Kalaa Djerda Airfield is an abandoned military airfield in Tunisia approximately south - southwest of El Kef and southwest of Tunis . The airfield was built prior to World War II by the French Air Force " Armée de l ' Air " . In 1939 , GB I / 19 and II / 19 " Gascogne " of Snisian FA South stationed Bloch MB . 210 bombers at the airfield . After the Battle of France in 1940 , the Vichy French Air Force ( " Armée de l ' Air de Vichy " ) continued to use the airfield until its abolition in November 1942 after the Operation Torch Landings in French North Africa and the German takeover of Tunisia afterward . The airfield was seized by during February 1943 by elements of the United States Army II Corps during the Tunisian Campaign and was turned over to the USAAF Twelfth Air Force 31st Fighter Group , which had moved east from Youks - les - Bains Airfield , Algeria , during the North African Campaign for use against the German Afrika Korps . The 31st Fighter Group based three squadrons ( 307th , 308th , 309th ) of Supermarine Spitfire s at the airfield from 21 February to 11 March 1943 . It then moved to Thelepte Airfield , and afterwards , the airfield was used in a support role for transport and re - supply and evacuation flights by C - 47s . After operational forces moved into Sicily and southern Italy , the airfield was abandoned . It appears that the village of Kalaat Khasba expanded onto the land previously used by the airfield , as two streets appear to be former runways of the base .
Phalangite Phalangite is the Greek name for Phalangites had an advantage over other spearmen of ancient times due most notably to their massive sarissas . Under Alexander the Great the sarissas would have reached a length of . They used a shield around in diameter , and wore a breastplate and a helmet for armor . They also carried a dagger as a secondary weapon , but due to its length of around , it was rarely used in combat . Phalangites were nearly impregnable from the front because of the massive length of their spears , but they were tactically cumbersome and were vulnerable from the sides because a phalangite could not turn quickly with the giant sarissa .
Pham Phu Quoc Phạm Phú Quốc ( 1935 – 1965 ) was a French - trained South Vietnamese flying ace and lieutenant in the Republic of Vietnam Air Force , best known for being one of two mutinous pilots involved in the 1962 South Vietnamese Presidential Palace bombing on February 27 , 1962 , which aimed to assassinate President Ngo Dinh Diem and his immediate family , who were his political advisers . His plan failed , and he was imprisoned until 1963 , after Diem ' s assassination . The coup plotters released him and reinstated his rank . In 1965 , he was shot down during a bombing raid over North Vietnam . The popular songwriter Pham Duy wrote a song to eulogize him , named " Huyền Sử Ca Một Người Mang Tên Quốc " ( " Epic of a Man Named Quốc " ) .
William Westerhold William Westerhold ( January 21 , 1836 – May 12 , 1910 ) was a sergeant in the United States Army during the American Civil War . He received a Medal of Honor , the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government , for his actions at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 12 , 1864 . Military service . After emigrating from Prussia , Westerhold joined the Army from New York City in October 1861 , and was assigned to the 52nd New York Infantry . He was commissioned as an officer a few days after his MOH action , and mustered out with his regiment in July 1865 . He was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on May 12 , 1864 at Spotsylvania , Virginia . He is credited with risking his life to capture the flag of a Confederate Army regiment , the 23rd Virginia Infantry . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Lieutenant William Westerhold , United States Army , for , Capture of flag of 23d Virginia Infantry ( C . S . A . ) and its bearer .
Battle of Vaught ' s Hill The Battle of Vaught ' s Hill , also known as the Battle of Milton , was a battle of the American Civil War , occurring on March 20 , 1863 , in Rutherford County , Tennessee . During the inactivity following the Battle of Stones River , a Union brigade - sized reconnaissance force , under Col . Albert S . Hall , left Murfreesboro on March 18 . Circling to the northeast , Hall encountered Confederate Brig . Gen . John Hunt Morgan ' s cavalry command , which caused him to fall back to a position east of Milton . Pursuing Hall , Morgan ' s men caught up with him on the morning of March 20 , at Vaught ' s Hill . Dismounted , Morgan struck at both Union flanks , even to the point of encircling Hall ' s hilltop position . Hall conducted a perimeter defense and withstood all Confederate attacks , which lasted till after 2 : 00 p . m . Morgan continued to bombard the Union force until 4 : 30 p . m . , when he broke off the engagement , after learning that Union reinforcements were in route from Murfreesboro . Union forces continued to strengthen their position in Middle Tennessee .
STRIL STRIL is short for " Stridsledning " which means " combat management " in Swedish . STRIL 50 ( operational in the 1950s ) and STRIL 60 ( operational in the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s ) were integrated systems for air combat management including early warning and ground - controlled interception . The systems depended on radar and radio as primary technologies but STRIL 50 was based on manual control while STRIL 60 applied the usage of early digital computers . STRIL 60 , designed in cooperation with Marconi , were in the very frontline of providing combat critical information to airborne aircraft , the Saab 35 Draken and Saab J32 Lansen fighter aircraft , by means of digital telemetry links with direct presentation of target guidance data on dedicated gauges on the cockpit instrument panel . The uplink to the aircraft could resist heavy jamming and the Swedish Air Force was first in the world to provide digital combat guidance that would remain reliable in a hostile and interfered radio environment . Eventually , The Saab 37 Viggen aircraft system also utilized STRIL 60 but target presentation in the cockpit was then replaced by digital computer displays instead of the mechanical gauges used on the Draken . In the 1990s , STRIL 60 was replaced by STRIL 90 which is a modern combat management system integrated with the Saab S100B Argus combat management / surveillance and SAAB JAS 39 Gripen multi - role combat aircraft .
Dionysis Diakos Dionysis Diakos ( Greek : Διονύσης Διάκος , 1805 - 1887 ) was a Greek revolutionary leader during the Greek War of Independence . He was born in Pyrgos and descended from a family or operators and revolutionary leaders . He was a runner for Pyrgos . He took part in a battle against Ibrahim and the fortress of Kastro . With the sack of the fortress , he was captured and subsequently ransomed . He was a major with Falangos . He died in 1884 at the age of 90 .