naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cannonball ( missile ) The Cannonball Missile also known as the D - 40 was designed by the Applied Physics Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University under a U . S . Navy contract in the early 1950s . The missile originally started out as an anti - ship missile to be launched from submarines . In 1952 the US Army Chief of Ordnance funded the project for development as an anti - tank missile . Between 1953 and 1956 , around 50 D - 40 missiles were test fired . Design . The D - 40 is a “ spherically ” shaped missile about in diameter and had a maximum range around . The D - 40 was propelled by a solid - fueled rocket and stabilized using three pairs of “ tangential rocket nozzles ” and was guided originally by radio signals and later by signals sent down a wire trailing behind the missile . The first design , the “ D - 40A ” , weighed 300 lbs while the later versions “ D - 40B ” and D - 40C ” were around 150 lbs . The main rocket was angled downward at 45 degrees in order to give the missile the necessary lift and to propel the missile forward . While the six “ tangential rocket nozzles ” stabilized the missile by controlling the pitch , roll , and yaw . While in flight the missile is guided by means of joystick and binoculars . The development of the “ D - 40B ” focused on reducing the missiles weight and increasing the range . The “ D - 40C ” replaced the rocket fuel of the first two types with a new type which caused less smoke when it burned allowing for increased visual control of the missile by the guider . The D - 40 carried two types of warheads , either a 50 lb HEAT warhead or a 65 lb HESH warhead . Both types of warheads were enough to destroy all tanks of the time . In 1956 it was decided that the missile was too expensive and there were worries that the bulky D - 40 missile would be too difficult to operate in combat .
Thiufa The thiufa was the highest division of the Visigothic army in Hispania . Based on the known decimal structure of the rest of the army , it seems likely that it was nominally composed of one thousand men . Its commander was called a thiufadus ( also " tiuphadus " ) . Structure . It is unknown if the " thiufae " were ever actually called into service or if they existed only on paper . Perhaps smaller or larger units formed the actual basis of the Visigothic army . . Etymology . The term " thiufadus " derives from either the Latin " devotus " or the Germanic " thusundifaths " . The mechanism of the transmission via the latter is , however , considered impossible by some . The Latin " devotus " was generally applied by the Ostrogoths and Visigoths to high - ranking Goths in the Gothic language as " thiwadus " . Thiufadus . A class of officials called the " confiscatores " or " exactores " in the " Codex Theodosianus " , " Lex Salica " , and " Edictum Chilperici " are referred to in the early Visigothic laws of Theudis as " compulsares vel executores " . In the later Visigothic laws , like the " Liber Iudiciorum " , they go by various titles : " compulsor exercitus " , " servus dominicus " , or " thiufadus " . The thiufadus was elsewhere called a " vassus regis " ( vassal of the king ) and " agente in rebus " . The thiufadus , however , was both a military and judicial official . His position is immediately below that of the " comes " ( count ) or " vicarius " ( vicar ) : a position the same as that of the Frankish " thunginus " or Late Roman " ducenarius " . Their position in the army was above that of the " centenarius " ( commander of a hundred ) , but it cannot be positively identified with the position of " millenarius " ( commander of a thousand ) . The " Liber Iudiciorum " augmented the powers of the " thiufadi " . In their double capacity as general and judge they were assisted by " sayos " . The " thiufadus " , who controlled the countryside , seems to have been weaker than the counts who controlled the " civitates " , city districts .
Cartington Castle Cartington Castle is a ruinous , partly restored medieval English castle in the village of Cartington , north - west of Rothbury in the county of Northumberland , England looking down on the River Coquet . It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade I listed building . Its first recorded owner was Ralph Fitzmain who held it in 1154 . In the late 14th century a pele tower was built . This was extended to include a great hall , and probably a tower - defended courtyard , by John Cartington in 1442 when he was granted a licence to crenellate his home . In November 1515 Margaret , Queen of Scots , with her baby daughter Margaret stayed here on her journey from Harbottle Castle . Nearly ten years later , Lord Dacre stationed his troops here on a march north to join the Earl of Surrey . During the Civil War the castle was a major Royalist centre . Sir Edward Widdrington raised 2 , 000 foot Royalist soldiers and 200 horse and withheld a Parliamentary siege for over two hours in 1648 , but the castle was eventually taken and slighted by the enemy . Despite some demolition , the castle continued to be occupied until finally abandoned in the 1860s . In 1887 Lord Armstrong partially restored the castle in order to prevent its complete disintegration .
SS Empire Austen Empire Austen was a 7 , 027 ton cargo ship which was built in 1942 . She was renamed Frinton in 1949 , Freecrest in 1951 , Fairwater in 1955 and APJ Usha in 1961 . She was scrapped in 1962 . History . " Empire Austen " was built by Lithgows Ltd , Port Glasgow as yard number 969 . She was launched on 24 March 1942 and completed in May . War service . " Empire Austen " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . Convoy KMS 22 departed Gibraltar on 9 August 1943 and arrived at Port Said on 20 August . " Empire Austen " was on a voyage from Malta to Alexandria Convoy MKS 27 departed Gibralta on 14 October 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 28 October . " Empire Austen " was carrying a cargo of cotton and military stores bound for Manchester . " Empire Austen " was listed as a member of Convoy OS 60 which departed Liverpool on 23 November 1943 and arrived at Freetown , Sierra Leone on 18 December . She did not sail with the convoy . Convoy KMS 35 departed Gibraltar on 22 December 1943 and arrived at Port Said on 1 January 1944 . " Empire Austen " was bound for Algiers . Postwar . In 1946 , management of " Empire Austen " passed to Counties Ship Management ( CSM ) . In 1949 she was sold to Frinton Shipping Ltd and renamed " Frinton " , operating under CSM ' s management . " Frinton " was sold to Crest Shipping Co Ltd in 1951 and renamed " Freecrest " . She operated under the management of Ivanovich & Co Ltd , London . In 1955 , " Freecrest " was sold to the International Navigation Corporation , Liberia and renamed " Fairwater " , operating under the management of Tidewater Commercial Co Inc , Baltimore . In 1961 , " Fairwater " was sold to Surrendra ( Overseas ) Private Ltd , Bombay and renamed APD Usha . She was scrapped in Bombay in 1962 . Official number and code letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Austen " had the UK Official Number 168983 and used the Code Letters BDTF
Zygmunt Bohusz - Szyszko Zygmunt Piotr Bohusz - Szyszko ( 1893 in Chełm – 1982 in London ) was a Polish general . During World War I he served in the Imperial Russian army . In 1940 , he was Commanding Officer Polish Independent Highland Brigade ( " Samodzielna Brygada Strzelcow Podhalanskich " ) during the Battle of Narvik in the Norwegian campaign . The forces under his command succeeded in capturing the Ankenes peninsula during May 1940 .
Appomattox Court House The Appomattox Courthouse is the current courthouse in Appomattox , Virginia built in 1892 . It is located in the middle of the state about three miles ( 5 km ) northwest of the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park , once known as Clover Hill - home of the original Old Appomattox Court House . The " new " Appomattox Courthouse is near the Appomattox Station and where the regional county government is located . Before the Civil War , the railroad bypassed Clover Hill , now known as the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park . As a result the population of Clover Hill , where the Old Appomattox Courthouse once stood , never grew much over 150 while Appomattox town grew to the thousands . When the courthouse at the village of Clover Hill burned for the second time in 1892 , it was not rebuilt and a new courthouse was built in West Appomattox . That sealed the fate of the village of Clover Hill . The county seat was formally moved to the town of West Appomattox in 1894 and the word " West " was dropped in time making the name of the town just Appomattox , Virginia . There is a marker at the site of the " new " Appomattox Court House explaining the difference between the " new " and " old " court houses .
Hans - Joachim Weißflog Hans - Joachim Weißflog ( 23 February 1923 – 11 August 1995 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans - Joachim Weißflog was captured by American troops at the end of the war . He was transferred to Soviet custody , but later released because of the severity of his wounds .
197th Ohio Infantry The 197th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 197th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 197th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio and mustered in March 28 , 1865 for one year service under the command of Colonel Benton Halstead . The regiment left Ohio for Washington , D . C . , April 25 , 1865 and was assigned to a Provisional Brigade , IX Corps . It served duty at Washington , D . C . and Alexandria , Virginia until May 11 , then moved to Dover , Delaware and served duty at Camp Harrington until May 31 . The regiment was then attached to 3rd Separate Brigade , VIII Corps , to May 1865 . Moved to Havre de Grace May 31 , and assigned to guard duty on the Philadelphia , Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad by detachments until July . Moved to Baltimore , Maryland , July 3 , and served guard duty at various camps and hospitals around that city until July 31 . The 197th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service July 31 , 1865 at Baltimore , Maryland . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 18 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
6 - inch field howitzer M - 1908 The 6 inch Field Howitzer Model of 1908 was the standard American heavy howitzer before World War I . Approximately one hundred of these weapons had been produced before 1917 and all were employed for training stateside . For combat use in France Canon de 155 C mle 1917 Schneider were purchased . All surviving weapons were retired during the 1920s . It is unique among American artillery weapons in that it has the recoil cylinder situated above the barrel .
Defense Acquisition Guide The Defense Acquisition Guidebook ( DAG ) is a text developed to aid in the understanding and implementation of United States Department of Defense Acquisition practices under the DoD Directive 5000 series . This text , also available in web - accessed electronic format and web - structured HTML basis ( see https : / / dag . dau . mil / ) provides insight to a life cycle view and functional roles within the lifecycle of acquisitions .
4th Marine Battalion ( South Vietnam ) The 4th Marine Battalion was a marine battalion of the Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps during the Vietnam War . The battalion was formed in early 1961 and based at Vũng Tàu in Phước Tuy Province ( now Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu Province ) . On 30 – 31 December 1964 , it was ambushed by elements of the Viet Cong 9th Division near the Quang Giao rubber plantation , south east of Bình Giã and suffered 60 % casualties . The battalion ceased to exist after the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975 and the collapse of the South Vietnam ese government .
Camp Mabry Camp Mabry ( ICAO : KATT ) is a military installation in Austin , Texas that houses the headquarters of the Texas Military Forces . Its original site , three miles ( 5 km ) northwest of downtown west of Mopac Expressway , was deeded from the city to the state in 1892 . It was named for Brigadier General Woodford H . Mabry the Adjutant General of Texas from January 23 , 1891 to May 4 , 1898 . The camp was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 . Camp Mabry is the third - oldest active military installation in Texas behind Fort Sam Houston and Fort Bliss . Camp Mabry currently houses the office of the Adjutant General , as well as the headquarters of the Texas Army National Guard , the Texas Air National Guard , and the Texas State Guard . Other facilities include the 136th Regional Training Institute , state Combined Support Maintenance Shops , the armory of the 36th Infantry Division headquarters , a clinic , a parachute packing and storage facility , and additional storage buildings . In 1992 the Texas Military Forces Museum opened on the site . For many years at the turn of the 20th century , the camp was home to annual encampments by the Texas state militia , who hosted reenactments and demonstrations for the people of Austin . Grandstands were built on the site , and further improvements to the site were funded by paid admissions to the events . By 1911 , the camp had expanded to more than . The first permanent building onsite , an arsenal , was completed in 1915 and allowed military weaponry and equipment to be moved out of storage in the capitol building . Prior to the attacks on September 11 , 2001 , Camp Mabry ' s mile - long track that sits adjacent to Mopac was a popular destination for walkers and joggers , and the field within it was used by many youth sports teams . The track and field are still available for public use . For access to the track and museum , adult visitors must present a state or federal ID at the gate . Camp Mabry has also operated an ICAO recognized weather station since 1898 .
Humphrey II of Toron Humphrey II of Toron ( 1117 – 1179 ) was lord of Toron and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Humphrey had become lord of Toron sometime before 1140 , when he married the daughter of Renier Brus , lord of Banias ( the Herodian city of Caesarea Philippi ) . Through this marriage Banias was added to Toron . Humphrey became castellan of Hebron in 1149 when Hebron became a domain of the royal family of Jerusalem . In 1153 he became constable of Jerusalem when Baldwin III became sole ruler after a struggle with his mother Melisende . That year he was present with the king at the Siege of Ascalon . Humphrey was defeated by Nur ad - Din Zangi at Banias in 1157 and was besieged in its castle until Baldwin III arrived to lift the siege . That year Humphrey also sold Banias and Chastel Neuf to the Knights Hospitaller ( Chastel Neuf was captured by Nur ad - Din in 1167 ) . Also in 1157 he helped negotiate the marriage of Baldwin III and Theodora , niece of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus . Humphrey himself later married Philippa , sister of Bohemund III of Antioch , who had previously had an affair with future Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus , Manuel ' s cousin . Humphrey had been married before , to an unknown woman , and his marriage with Philippa produced no children . In 1173 Humphrey relieved Nur ad - Din ' s siege of Kerak in Oultrejordain . In 1176 his importance at the royal court was somewhat lessened due to the influence of Agnes of Courtenay , but he kept his position as constable . In 1177 this lessened importance was manifested when the lordship of Hebron was recreated and given to Raynald of Châtillon , lord of Oultrejordain , rather than Humphrey , who was still castellan . Nevertheless he was one of the supporters of the Raymond III of Tripoli , regent for Baldwin IV . Raymond , Humphrey and others represented the faction of old families at court , who were opposed to newcomers like Raynald , and later Guy of Lusignan . Humphrey rebuilt Chateau Neuf in 1179 , after it had been destroyed in various sieges . Also in 1179 he helped negotiate a truce between the Knights Hospitaller and Knights Templar . Later that year he accompanied Baldwin IV in an attack on a small Muslim force near Banias , but , although he saved Baldwin IV ' s life , he suffered mortal wounds and soon died . He was succeeded in Toron by his grandson Humphrey IV , son of Humphrey III and Stephanie of Milly ; Humphrey III was his son by his unknown first wife .
Roman Walls of Lugo The Roman Walls of Lugo ( Spanish , Galician : " Muralla Romana de Lugo " ) were constructed in the 3rd Century and are still largely intact today , stretching over 2 kilometers around the historic centre of Lugo in Galicia ( Spain ) . The fortifications were inscribed on UNESCO ' s World Heritage List in late 2000 as " the finest example of late Roman fortifications in western Europe . " The walls have also held Spanish monument status ( " Bien de Interés Cultural " ) since 1921 . In 2007 , the walls were twinned with the Great Wall of China during a ceremony attended by China ' s then - ambassador to Spain , Qiu Xiaoqi . A walkway over the walls now allows visitors to stroll along the entire length . The town also has a visitor ' s centre dedicated to the walls , the Centro de Interpretación de la Muralla . Since the inscription of the walls on the World Heritage List in 2000 , Lugo holds a popular festival called Arde Lucus each year to celebrate its Roman past . The city wall s were built between 263 and 276 A . D . to defend the Roman town of Lucus Augusti ( present - day Lugo ) against local tribesmen and Germanic invaders . The walls formed part of a complex of fortifications which also included a moat and an intervallum ( the clearing between the walls and the city ) . The entire length of the walls is around 2 , 120 m , enclosing an area of 34 . 4 hectares . Not all of the town was enclosed by walls : much of the southeastern part of the town remained unprotected , while in other places unused areas were enclosed by walls . The width of the walls is around 4 . 2 m and the height of the walls varies between 8 and 12 m . The walls consist of internal and external stone facing with a core of earth mixes with gravel , pebbles and worked Roman stone recycled from demolished buildings , cemented with water . There are 10 gates in the walls : five dating to Roman times and five added after 1853 to accommodate the expanding town population . The best preserved of the five original gates are the Porta Falsa and the Porta Miña , the latter of which still has the original vaulted arch set between two towers . Five stairways and a ramp provide access to the parapet walk over the walls . Within the walls , a number of double staircases provide access to the towers from the parapet walk . Of the original towers , 49 are still intact , and another 39 have partially survived . The towers were built at irregular intervals along the walls . They consist of two stories and are mostly semicircular ; a few are rectangular . The gaps in the wall for the towers vary in length from 5 . 35 m to 12 . 80 m . Different materials were used for the construction of the towers . Often the base of the tower was constructed of dressed granite , with the remainder in slate . During the Middle Ages , pilgrims passed through the gates of the Lugo walls , particularly Porta Miña , on their way to Santiago de Compostela .
Barnwell R . Legge Barnwell Rhett Legge ( July 9 , 1891 – June 7 , 1949 ) was a highly decorated U . S . Army officer , who reached the rank of Brigadier General . He is most noted as a Military Attaché to Switzerland during World War II . Early years . Barnwell Rhett Legge was born on July 9 , 1891 in Charleston , South Carolina as a son of Claude Lascelles Legge and his wife Elizabeth Judd Hutchinson Legge . He attended The Citadel and graduated in 1911 . Then Legge studied law at the University of South Carolina and during the United States entry into the World War I , he was appointed the regimental adjutant of the 26th Infantry Regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt , Jr . ( the eldest son of President Theodore Roosevelt ) . Roosevelt Jr . later wrote in his book " Average Americans " : " " All during my service in Europe , Legge served with me . During the latter part he was my second in command in the regiment . I have seen him under all circumstances . He was always cool and decided . No mission was too difficult for him to undertake . His ability as a troop leader was of the highest order . In my opinion no man of his age has a better war record . " " Legge participated with the 26th Infantry in the Battle of Soissons , where the half of the men of 26th Infantry Regiment were killed in combat . For conspicuous gallantry in action Legge was awarded with the Silver stars . Major Legge subsequently participated in the Meuse - Argonne Offensive and personally lead an attack against a strong enemy position . Major Legge inspired his men by his courage , cutting his way through entanglements and directing the attacks against three different strong points . For this actions , Legge was awarded with the Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism in combat . For his military service during World War I , Legge was also awarded with Army Distinguished Service Medal for his leadership of 26th Infantry regiment and with Legion of Honour and French " Croix de guerre 1914 - 1918 " with Palm by French government . World War II . After the War , Legge served at various infantry positions , including the capacity of instructor at Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas between years 1936 - 1939 . He subsequently served for a short period as an Assistant Military Attaché to France and then he was appointed the Military Attaché to Switzerland at the U . S . Embassy in Zurich . He stayed in Switzerland for the whole period of World War II and in this capacity , he helped arrange the escape of many interned U . S . fliers . For service in this capacity , Legge was awarded with Legion of Merit . Brigadier general Barnwell R . Legge finally retired in 1948 due to poor health and died on June 7 , 1949 in Washington , D . C . at the age of 57 . He was buried together with his wife Phyllis B . Legge at Arlington National Cemetery . Decorations . Here is Brigadier general Legge´s ribbon bar :
Artesia Municipal Airport Artesia Municipal Airport is a city owned , public use airport located three nautical miles ( 6 km ) west of the central business district of Artesia , a city in Eddy County , New Mexico , United States . It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011 – 2015 , which categorized it as a " general aviation " facility . History . During 1943 and 1944 was used by the United States Army Air Forces as a contract glider training airfield . Big Spring Flying Service provided instruction . The mission of the school was to train glider pilot students in proficiency in operation of gliders in various types of towed and soaring flight , both day and night , and in servicing of gliders in the field . Used primarily C - 47 Skytrain s and Waco CG - 4 unpowered Gliders . The facility was deactivated on September 8 , 1944 with the drawdown of AAFTC ' s pilot training program . Declared surplus and turned over to the Army Corps of Engineers on September 30 , 1945 . Eventually discharged to the War Assets Administration ( WAA ) and returned to being a civil airport . Facilities and aircraft . Artesia Municipal Airport covers an area of 1 , 440 acres ( 583 hectare ) at an elevation of 3 , 541 feet ( 1 , 079 m ) above mean sea level . It has two runways with asphalt surfaces : 3 / 21 is 6 , 301 by 150 feet ( 1 , 921 x 46 m ) and 12 / 30 is 5 , 390 by 150 feet ( 1 , 643 x 46 m ) . For the 12 - month period ending April 6 , 2011 , the airport had 11 , 550 general aviation aircraft operations , an average of 31 per day . At that time there were 27 aircraft based at this airport : 74 % single - engine , 19 % multi - engine , and 7 % jet .