naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fort Louis ( La Rochelle ) Fort Louis was a Royal fort built just outside the walls of the Huguenot city in La Rochelle . The fort was a source of great tension between the Huguenots of La Rochelle and Louis XIII , and was perceived as a real threat to their survival . Marshal Lesdiguieres predicted " Either La Rochelle must take Fort Louis , or the Fort will destroy La Rochelle . " The construction of the fort had been started by the Count of Soissons in 1620 during the first Huguenot rebellion . With the Treaty of Montpellier , Louis XIII had agreed to remove the fort in due time , but he and his Minister Richelieu later temporised and avoided the promised removals despite the requests by La Rochelle . Fort Louis played a key role in establishing the fortifications around La Rochelle during the 1627 - 1628 Siege of La Rochelle .
709th Airlift Squadron The 709th Airlift Squadron ( 709 AS ) is part of the 512th Airlift Wing at Dover Air Force Base , Delaware . Mission . It operates C - 5 Galaxy aircraft providing global airlfit . History . Activated in mid 1943 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron , trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to England in the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) during November 1943 , assigned to VIII Bomber Command as a strategic bombardment squadron . Participated in the air offensive over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until German capitulation in May 1945 . Personnel demobilized in England and returned to the United States ; squadron reassigned to Third Air Force for possible re - equipping with B - 29 Superfortress es and deployment to Pacific Theater . Japanese capitulation led to inactivation in November 1945 . Activated in the postwar reserve as a B - 29 squadron . Trained for proficiency as part of Strategic Air Command reserve forces . Activated as a result of Korean War in 1951 , squadron ' s aircraft and personnel reassigned to Far East Air Force Bomber Command , inactivated as a paper unit . Reactivated as Military Airlift Command reserve C - 5 Galaxy squadron in 1973 and became associate squadron of 436th Military Airlift Wing . Since 1973 the 709th has trained for and flown airlift missions , participating in exercises and global humanitarian and contingency operations .
Cyrus Hamlin ( general ) Cyrus Hamlin ( April 26 , 1839 – August 28 , 1867 ) was an attorney , politician , and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Early life . Hamlin was born in Hampden , Maine , a suburb of Bangor . He was the third son of the Vice President of the United States , Hannibal Hamlin . His brother , Charles Hamlin , was a Union Army major who was appointed a brevet brigadier general at the end of the war . He was educated at the Hampden Academy and studied at Waterville College ( now Colby College ) in Waterville , Maine . He was admitted to the bar in 1860 and practiced law for a year in Kittery , Maine . Civil War . Hamlin was commissioned as a captain in the Union Army in April 1862 , serving as an aide - de - camp to Maj . Gen . John C . Frémont . Hamlin was among the first to advocate enlisting African - American troops in the Union Army . In February 1863 , he was appointed the first colonel of the 80th United States Colored Troops and was assigned to field duty in Louisiana , where he eventually took charge of a brigade of black troops and participated in the Siege of Port Hudson . He was promoted to brigadier general in December 1864 and assigned command of the military district of Port Hudson , Louisiana , Department of the Gulf . Hamlin was mustered out of the United States Volunteers on January 15 , 1866 . On February 21 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Hamlin for the award of the honorary grade of brevet major general , U . S . Volunteers , to rank from March 13 , 1865 , and the U . S . Senate confirmed the award on April 26 , 1866 . Postbellum life . Hamlin remained in Louisiana after the war as a carpetbagger lawyer and politician during the early days of Reconstruction , but died of yellow fever in 1867 . Although he was initially interred in the Girod Street Cemetery in New Orleans , he was reburied three months later in his family plot at Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor , Maine .
132nd Indiana Infantry Regiment The 132nd Indiana Infantry Regiment served in the Union Army between May 18 and September 7 , 1864 , during the American Civil War . Service . The regiment was organized at Indianapolis , Indiana and mustered in on May 18 , 1864 . Once mustered in , it was ordered to Tennessee on May 18 , and assigned to duty guarding the railroad at both Stevenson , Alabama , till July and at Nashville , Tennessee , till early September . The regiment was mustered out on September 7 , 1864 . During its service the regiment lost twelve men to disease .
James H . Bennett James H . Bennett ( born August 11 , 1877 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Bennett was born August 11 , 1877 in New York City , New York , and after entering the navy he was sent as a Chief Boatswain ' s Mate to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Chief Boatswain ' s Mate , U . S . Navy . Born : 11 August 1877 , New York , N . Y . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Marblehead during the cutting of the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Bennett set an example of extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
French frigate Médée ( 1741 ) The Médée was a French " frégate du deuxième ordre " , or 26 - gun frigate , built in 1740 . She is widely considered to be the inspiration for a long line of similar sailing frigates , and was the first ship captured by the British Navy in the War of the Austrian Succession . Construction . She was designed by Blaise Ollivier , with 26 x 8 - pounder guns , and was launched in February 1741 at Brest . She is regarded as the first of the ' true ' frigate designs : she was built with two decks , but only the upper deck mounted guns . These guns were relatively heavy , and the higher mounting meant that they could be used in rough seas . Capture & Change . She was captured in the English Channel by on 4 April 1744 ( Julian calendar date ) , and briefly served as HMS " Medea " in the British Navy before being sold off in March 1745 , becoming the privateer " Boscawen " , named after the Captain of the " Dreadnought " . Although the Navy Board had the opportunity to purchase her , they decided not to retain her , in spite of her innovative design qualities ; many French ships of the time were not designed for durability and she was not strongly built . Sure enough , she fell apart in the open sea after approximately 18 months . However , her speed and size provided the Bedford Board of Admiralty with the arguments needed to change British frigate design in future .
2009 Kandahar bombing The 25 August 2009 Kandahar bombing killed 43 people and injured at least 65 in Kandahar , Afghanistan . The Taliban were thought to be responsible . A wedding hall and a dozen houses were destroyed in the explosion . The target was apparently the headquarters of a Japanese construction company .
Wet sub A wet sub is a type of underwater vehicle ( submarine ) that does not provide a dry environment for its occupants . Usually , wet suited scuba diver s will ride upon the device ( as one would ride a motorcycle or with an opening as in an Olympic bobsled ) , although it can be designed to fully enclose its occupant ( s ) to provide lower drag . An enclosed vehicle may provide a dry viewing chamber for the occupant ( s ) . The motive force is an electric motor and usually the power source is an electric battery . The depth and duration at depth is typically limited by the requirements of a scuba diver . Military use . This device may be configured as a mine - laying system ( particularly for attaching limpet mine s directly to a ship ) or as a torpedo , or may be used for intelligence gathering in harbours . They have also been used to plant listening and recording devices on undersea cables ( see Operation Ivy Bells ) . For such military use , the operator will use a rebreathing device so as not to leave a trail of bubbles . Such devices are deployed from a service ship or a specially outfitted conventional submarine . An example is the Multi - Role Combatant Craft ( MRCC ) from STIDD Systems in the US STIDD . The Motorised Submersible Canoe , developed by the British Special Operations Executive during World War II , is another example . Hobbyists . A wet sub is attractive to the amateur or small commercial builder since many of the problems associated with a dry sub are avoided — only the propulsion and power systems need to be waterproof and life safety is much less of an issue than it is with a sealed occupant chamber . Complete submarines of this type are also available commercially .
Robert P . Kennedy Robert Patterson Kennedy ( January 23 , 1840 – May 6 , 1918 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio , as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Born in Bellefontaine , Ohio , Kennedy attended the public schools and Geneva College in Northwood , Ohio . He was studying at Yale University when the American Civil War broke out . Military career . He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 23rd Ohio Infantry on June 11 , 1861 . He served as a captain and assistant adjutant general dating from October 7 , 1862 , and was promoted to major and assistant adjutant general on November 16 , 1864 . He resigned April 8 , 1865 . Kennedy was commissioned as colonel of the 196th Ohio Infantry , on April 14 , 1865 . He was brevetted as lieutenant colonel of volunteers and brigadier general of volunteers , both dating from March 13 , 1865 . Political career . Upon the end of the war and his resignation from the volunteer army , Kennedy returned to Bellefontaine . He studied law with judge William H . West . He was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Bellefontaine . He was appointed by President Rutherford B . Hayes as collector of internal revenue for the fourth district of Ohio , serving from 1878 to 1883 . He was the Lieutenant Governor of Ohio from 1885 – 87 . Kennedy was elected from Ohio ' s 8th District as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty - first Congresses ( March 4 , 1887 – March 4 , 1891 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1890 . He was appointed by President William McKinley in 1899 as a member of the Insular Commission , which was directed to investigate and report upon conditions existing in Cuba and Puerto Rico and served as its president . Death and legacy . Robert P . Kennedy died in Columbus , Ohio , and was interred in the Bellefontaine City Cemetery , Bellefontaine , Logan County , Ohio USA . Kennedy was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic , a Scottish Rite Freemason , and member of the Presbyterian Church . He was married on December 29 , 1862 at Bellefontaine to Maria Lewis Gardner of that city . She died in 1893 , leaving four children . He married at Wabash , Indiana to Emma ( Cowgill ) Mendenhall of that city on September 4 , 1894 . She survived him . Despite his name and profession , he was not related to the Kennedy political family . Kennedy was the author of " The Historical Review of Logan County , Ohio " , published in 1903 by The S . J . Clarke Publishing Co . , Chicago .
Ryan XF2R Dark Shark The Ryan XF2R Dark Shark was an experimental aircraft built for the United States Navy that combined turboprop and turbojet propulsion . It was based on Ryan ' s earlier FR Fireball , but replaced the Fireball ' s piston engine with a General Electric T - 31 turboprop engine driving a 4 - bladed Hamilton Standard propeller . The turboprop made for much improved performance over the Fireball , but the Navy showed little interest in it ; by that time , they had abandoned the idea of the combination fighter and were instead looking into all - jet fighters . The United States Air Force , however , showed a little more interest ; they were at the time evaluating the Convair XP - 81 of similar concept , and asked Ryan to modify the XF2R to use the Westinghouse J - 34 turbojet instead of the General Electric J - 31 used previously . Modifications to the prototype created the XF2R - 2 , with the jet intakes moved to the sides of the forward fuselage with NACA duct s instead of the inlets in the wing leading edge used before . Although the Dark Shark proved to be a capable aircraft , it never got further than the prototype stage ; all - jet aircraft were considered superior .
Yamanashi Hanzō Biography . A native of Osumi District in Sagami Province ( part of present - day Hiratsuka , Kanagawa Prefecture , Yamanashi graduated from the 8th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1886 and from the 8th class of the Army Staff College in 1892 . He was assigned to the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade and served in combat during the First Sino - Japanese War with the IJA 2nd Army . After the war , he served in a number of administrative and staff positions , before being posted to Germany as a military attaché from 1898 to 1902 . During the Russo - Japanese War of 1904 - 1905 , he was Vice Chief of Staff of the IJA 2nd Army and subsequently Chief of Staff of the IJA 3rd Division . He returned to Europe immediately after the end of the war as military attaché to Austria - Hungary from the end of 1905 to 1907 , and again to Germany from in 1907 . Yamanashi was promoted to major general in 1911 , and assigned command of the IJA 30th Infantry Brigade . He was transferred to the IJA 1st Infantry Brigade the following year . After serving in a number of administrative positions within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff , he was again given a field command during World War I , commanding the IJA 18th Division at the Battle of Tsingtao . In 1916 , Yamanashi was promoted to lieutenant general and in 1921 he was promoted to full general . From 1921 - 1923 , Yamanashi served as Minister of War under the cabinets of Prime Ministers Hara , Takahashi and Katō Tomosaburō . During the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake , Yamanashi was appointed martial law commander of the Tokyo region , until the post was abolished in November 1923 , but continued to be head of the Tokyo regional police forces through August 1924 . Yamanashi retired from active military service in 1927 . From 1927 - 1929 , Yamanashi served as Japanese Governor - General of Korea . He was one of the most unpopular men to hold that post , as his tenure was marked by a number of prominent corruption scandals . Although Yamanashi was acquitted , a number of his close associated were convicted , and he retired from public life at the end of 1929 . Yamanashi died of natural causes at his home in Kamakura , Kanagawa in 1944 at the age of 80 .
24th Independent Battery New York Light Artillery History . Organized as Battery " B " , New York Rocket Battalion , and designated 24th Battery February 11 , 1863 , having served as such provisionally from October 19 , 1862 . Attached to Artillery Brigade , Dept . of North Carolina , to January 1863 . Artillery Brigade , 18th Army Corps , Dept . of North Carolina , to May 1863 . District of the Albemarle , Dept . of North Carolina , to July 1863 , and Dept . of Virginia and North Carolina to February 1864 . District of Plymouth , N . C . , to April 1864 . Service . Battery lost during service 4 men killed in action or mortally wounded and 77 men dead from disease , for a total of 81 fatalities .
RAF Kirknewton RAF Kirknewton is a Royal Air Force station at Whitemoss , a mile south east of Kirknewton , West Lothian , Scotland . Primarily an RAF radar base , RAF Kirknewton was home to a variety of units during the war . No . 289 Squadron RAF was formed there as an anti - aircraft co - operation unit on 20 November 1941 . In June 1943 , RAF Kirknewton was the site of an outstanding act of bravery when Sqn Ldr Peter Guy Ottewill rescued two airmen from a burning Bristol Beaufighter , earning a George Medal . RAF Kirknewton was used as a temporary POW Camp for German officers during WWII , while they were awaiting transfer to the USA . From 1952 to 1966 , Kirknewton was home to several small United States Air Force units tasked with providing mobile radio facilities in Britain . It now houses No . 661 Volunteer Gliding Squadron flying a fleet of eight Grob Viking gliders to provide flying experience and training to members of the Air Cadet Organisation . During the 1970s the area in trees to the west of the airfield ( which now seems to be the home of some very up market housing ) was used by the Army and known as Ritchie Camp . The unit in residence also had the run of the airfield site for driver training and other military activities . The units there included the Black Watch and The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders . The future . As part of the " Future Force 2020 " budgetary announcement in July 2011 , Kirknewton is to be developed into a major Army base to host a Multi - Role Brigade . The first units are expected to move into Kirknewton in 2016 - 17 . Additional troops will be stationed in Glencorse Barracks . The new Kirknewton " super - barracks " will replace the Dreghorn and Redford barracks , which are to be sold off .
Cohors IV Aquitanorum equitata c . R . Cohors quarta Aquitanorum equitata civium Romanorum ( " 4th part - mounted Cohort of Aquitani Roman citizens " ) was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment . It was probably originally raised in the Julio - Claudian era , perhaps under Augustus after the subjugation of the Aquitani in 26 BC . Alternatively , it may have been raised in a later levy of Aquitani after 14 AD . Unlike most Gauls , the Aquitani were not Celtic - speaking but spoke Aquitanian , a now extinct non Indo - European language closely related to Basque . Some tribes in Aquitania were Celtic - speaking , however e . g . the Bituriges . The regiment first appears in the datable epigraphic record in Germania Superior ( Pfalz - Alsace ) in 74 AD . It remained based in Germania Superior for all its recorded existence . Its last datable attestation is a building inscription of 210 . The regiment ' s inscriptions have been found at the following Roman forts : Friedburg ; Ingelheim ; Mainz ( 210 ) ; Obenburg ( 162 ) . The names of 2 " praefecti " ( regimental commanders ) are preserved , one of whom , Lucius Petronius Florentinus , is recorded as from Saldas . Also recorded are a " centurio " ( infantry officer ) , Ti . Iulius Niger , on a tombstone in St . Lizier in Aquitania , so presumably this soldier was from the original recruitment area of the regiment . The inscription is therefore probably early 1st century . The stone mentions Niger ' s brother , Dunomagius son of Toutannorix , clearly a Gaulish name . ( Niger must have adopted a Roman name on becoming a Roman citizen ) . A regimental " medicus " ( doctor ) is recorded , M . Rubrius Zosimus from Ostia , the port of the city of Rome . The last name is Greek , as were many army medics . Finally , a " cornicen " ( hornblower ) is recorded ( 210 ) . The honorific title " civium Romanorum " ( " c . R . " for short ) was normally awarded by the emperor for valour to an auxiliary regiment as a whole . The award would include the grant of Roman citizenship to all the regiment ' s men , but not to subsequent recruits to the regiment . The regiment , however , would retain the prestigious title in perpetuity . Until 212 , only a minority of the empire ' s inhabitants ( inc . all Italians ) held full Roman citizenship . The rest were denoted " peregrini " , a second - class status . Since the legion s admitted only citizens , " peregrini " could only enlist in the auxilia . Citizenship carried a number of tax and other privileges and was highly sought - after . It could also be earned by serving the minimum 25 - year term in the auxilia .
Augustus Phillimore Admiral Sir Augustus Phillimore KCB ( 24 May 1822 – 25 November 1897 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . He is creditted with first proposing the creation of a modern naval dockyard in Gibraltar . Early life . Phillimore was born on 24 May 1822 at Whitehall in Westminster , London the son of Joseph Phillimore later a professor of civil law at Oxford and his wife Elizabeth . He was educated at Westminster before joining the Royal Navy College at Portsmouth . Naval career . Phillimore joined the Royal Navy in 1835 . He served in the Carlist Wars and in the First Opium War . Promoted Commander in 1852 , he was given command of HMS " Medea " in 1853 and , promoted Captain in 1855 , he commanded HMS " Curacoa " and then HMS " Defence " . He was appointed Senior officer at Jamaica in 1868 and then Senior officer at Gibraltar in 1869 when he would have stayed in The Mount ( Gibraltar ) . In 1871 he made the proposal that a new naval dockyard should be constructed in Gibraltar . Phillimore ' s scheme lied dormant in the Admiralty for 22 years before it was put to Parliament in 1895 . The idea was to take five years and just under £1 . 5m pounds . In 1896 the scheme was further extended with the creation of new moles and three dry docks and a new budget of £4 . 5m pounds . The transformation was large and the government were still passing enabling legislation in 1905 . Today the docks are known as Gibdock . Phillimore became Second - in - command of the Channel Squadron in January 1876 and Superintendent of the Royal Naval Reserve in November 1876 . Promoted Admiral in October 1884 , he was made Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth in December 1884 . He retired in 1887 . Family . In 1864 he married Harriet Eleanor Fortescue ; they had three sons ( including Admiral Sir Richard Phillimore ) and one daughter .
Battle of Brunnbäck Ferry The Battle of Brunnbäck Ferry ( ) was the first major battle in the Swedish War of Liberation , between rebels rallied by Gustav Vasa that had marched down from occupied Falun and Danish troops from Västerås . The battle stood by the village Brunnbäck , near the ferry over Dalälven . Governmental troops led by Henrik Slagheck , the brother of Didrik Slagheck , marched from Västerås to Dalälven , making camp near the Brunnbäck ferry . Shortly afterwards rebel troops under Peder Svensson arrived on the opposite side of the river . The rebels engaged the Danish soldiers by archery , causing many casualties and forcing the enemy to retreat . By then , Peder Svensson had already taken part of his force and out of sight moved it over the river . When the Danes left their camp he attacked , while the remaining rebels moved over the river . The battle took place on an open area called Sonnbohed . The governmental troops resisted , but the attack was both surprising and fierce . Those who were not cut down fled either by throwing themselves into the river or on the main road , the latter being chased far into Västmanland . The battle ended as a major Swedish victory .
Oflag An Oflag ( from ) was a prisoner of war camp for officer s only , established by the German Army in both World War I and World War II in accordance with the requirements of the Geneva Convention ( 1929 ) ( or the 1899 Hague Convention in World War I ) . Officers cannot be required to work . A limited number of non - commissioned soldiers working as orderlies were allowed in Oflags to carry out the work needed to care for the officers . Officers of the Allied Air Corps were held in special camps called Stalag Luft , but were accorded the required preferential treatment . In general the German Army complied with the provisions of the Geneva Convention regarding care of officers of the armies of the western Allies , including Poland . There were notable exceptions , for example the execution of recaptured prisoners , specifically from Stalag Luft 3 and Oflag IX - C . However , the inhumane treatment of Soviet prisoners , soldiers as well as officers , did not comply with these provisions , according to Joseph Goebbels " because the Soviet Union had not signed the Convention and did not follow its provisions at all "