naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Snow Mountain Air Force Station Snow Mountain Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 82 , NORAD ID : Z - 82 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located west - southwest of Godman Army Airfield , Kentucky . It was closed in 1968 . History . Snow Mountain AFS was one of twenty - eight stations built as part of the second segment of the Air Defense Command permanent radar network , primarily to provide air defense radar coverage for Fort Knox . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . On 16 April 1951 the 784th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was initially activated at Godman Field , KY ( LP - 82 ) on Fort Knox where it operated a World War II - era AN / TPS - 1 C radar , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . It was moved to the new Snow Mountain site , also on the Fort Knox Reservation on 30 April 1952 . This site became a separate Air Force installation , Snow Mountain Air Force Station in the summer of 1956 . At Snow Mountain it began operating AN / FPS - 3 and AN / FPS - 4 radars at Snow Mountain . In 1958 these radars were replaced by AN / FPS - 20 and AN / FPS - 6 sets . A second AN / FPS - 6 height - finder radar was added in 1961 . In 1962 the search radar was upgraded to become an AN / FPS - 67 . During 1962 Snow Mountain AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , feeding data to DC - 22 at Truax Field , Wisconsin . After joining , the squadron was redesignated as the 784th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 1 May 1962 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . On 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 82 . In 1965 the search radar was again upgraded to become an AN / FPS - 67 B . In addition to the main facility , Snow Mountain operated four unmanned AN / FPS - 18 Gap Filler sites : The 784th Radar Squadron was inactivated on 18 June 1968 with the closure of Snow Mountain Air Force Station due to the perceived remote threat of an aircraft attack on Fort Knox .
RAF Donna Nook RAF Donna Nook is a bombing range in East Lindsey in north - east Lincolnshire in England . It is maintained by the Royal Air Force and used by NATO aircraft . History . The area at Donna Nook just north of North Somercotes is also a nature reserve with a large seal habitat in the early winter maintained by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust . It is the only National Nature Reserve in the UK on MOD land , and was opened on July 18 , 2002 by Air Commodore Nigel Williams . Airfield . There was once a minor airfield there which closed , and was home to No . 206 Squadron RAF from August 1941 - July 1942 . RAF North Coates , a former airfield still in physical existence , was three miles to the north - west along the coast . Radar station . However , during the Second World War , RAF Donna Nook referred to a Chain Home Extremely Low ( CHEL ) radar station , sited a short distance away from the current establishment . This utilized a 10 - cm radar set to track both low - flying intruders and German E - boats cruising offshore , and was operational in this role from 1943 - 1945 . From evidence in his authorized biography ( Odyssey : The Authorized Biography of Arthur C . Clarke ; Neil McAleer , Gollancz , 1992 ) it appears that it was to RAF Donna Nook that the young Sir Arthur C . Clarke was posted in 1943 , shortly after an interview with Wing Commander ( later Sir ) Edward Jefferson , RAF , who was subsequently Director of Telecommunications for the General Post Office . Bombing range . RAF Donna Nook is now an offshore bombing range .
Battle of Erzurum ( 1821 ) The Battle of Erzurum occurred in 1821 as part of the Ottoman - Persian War of 1821 - 1823 . The Persians were heavily outnumbered with 30 , 000 men , led by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza , against the Turks with 50 , 000 men . However , the Persian army had recently been modernised under the leadership of Abbas Mirza ' s brother Dowlatshah as part of the modernising policy known as Nezām - e Jadīd . Abbas Mirza ' s forces successfully beat back the attacks of the Ottoman army , securing a Persian victory .
742d Missile Squadron The 742d Missile Squadron ( 742 MS ) is part of the 91st Missile Wing based at Minot Air Force Base , North Dakota . It operates Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile s . History . World War II . Established as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment unit in mid - 1943 ; assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Primarily trained in New Mexico and Utah received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in November 1943 . Moved to Virginia where the group flew long - range convoy escort missions over the Mid - Atlantic , October – November 1943 while station in Italy was being constructed . Deployed to Southern Italy in January 1944 ; entered combat in January 1944 , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force . Engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military , industrial and transportation targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Hungary , Romania , and Yugoslavia , bombing railroad marshalling yards , oil refineries , airdrome installations , heavy industry , and other strategic objectives . In addition to strategic missions in the Balkans , the group bombed troop concentrations , bridges , marshalling yards , and airdromes during the fall of 1944 to hamper the enemy ’ s withdrawal from the region . The group also supported ground forces at Anzio and Cassino in March 1944 ; knocked out gun positions in preparation for the invasion of Southern France in August 1944 ; and assisted the final Allied drive through Italy in April 1945 by hitting such targets as bridges , gun positions , and troop concentrations . Remained in Italy after the German Capitulation in May , although unit personnel were demobilized throughout the summer of 1945 . Group was inactivated in Italy on 9 September 1945 . Reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 with B - 29 Superfortress es . Trained at Hensley Field , Texas . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget restrictions . Tactical Air Command . Allocated to Tactical Air Command during the 1950s . Activated at Myrtle Beach AFB , South Carolina in 1956 as part of a second Fighter - Day Group planned for the new installation . Some personnel were assigned but never became operational with aircraft . Inactivated in July 1957 due to budget restrictions ; personnel assigned were reassigned to 354th Fighter - Day Group . Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Squadron . Reactivated on 1 Nov 1962 as an ICBM squadron assigned to the 455th Strategic Missile Wing at Minot AFB , North Dakota . Initially equipped with 50 LGM - 30B Minuteman I s in 1963 . Reassigned to 91st Strategic Missile Wing in 1968 . Upgraded to LGM - 30G Minuteman III in 1968 / 1969 , has maintained ICBMs on alert ever since . 742d Missile Squadron Launch Facilities
Espeland concentration camp Espeland concentration camp was established in Arna , Norway , now a part of Bergen , by the Nazi authorities of occupied Norway in the summer of 1943 . It was largely built by slave labor from the other concentration camp near Bergen , Ulven concentration camp . All prisoners from Ulven were transferred to this camp , which quickly became overcrowded . Prisoners were mistreated and often brutalized , and the camp had a separate section for chain gang s and prisoners who were kept in solitary confinement . When liberated in 1945 , there were 200 prisoners at Espeland . After the war it was used for prisoners with relations to the now - succumbed Nazi rule . According to Kjell Fjørtoft , abuse occurred in the camp .
Foreign Legion Recruiting Group The Foreign Legion Recruiting Group ( ) is an administrative unit of the French Foreign Legion responsible for recruiting volunteers to the Legion . Overview . The GRLE was created July 10 , 2007 at Fort de Nogent , near Paris . The new unit assumed all recruiting responsibilities which had previously be assigned to the 1st Foreign Regiment ' s Recruitment Division of the Foreign Legion . The unit answers directly to the Foreign Legion Command . Information Posts . The Foreign Legion Recruiting group operates 12 ( 3 in Paris ) recruiting posts in the following cities : Also pre - selection centers at Paris and Aubagne . References . Official website - GRLE
Wilfred Tomkinson Vice Admiral Wilfred Tomkinson CB , MVO ( 15 November 1877 – 7 October 1971 ) was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander of the Battlecruiser Squadron . Naval career . Tomkinson joined the Royal Navy in 1891 and served in the destroyer HMS " Fame " during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 . He served in World War I initially commanding the destroyer HMS " Lurcher " and seeing action at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1914 and the Battle of Dogger Bank in 1915 ; his war service continued as Senior Naval Officer , British submarines in Venice in 1915 and as Commander of the light cruiser HMS " Aurora " in 1916 before seeing action again during the Zeebrugge Raid and the Ostend Raid in 1918 . Tomkinson became Commanding Officer of the battlecruiser HMS " Hood " in 1919 , Chief of Staff at the Nore in 1921 and Director of Naval Operations at the Admiralty in 1923 . He went on to be Commodore at Royal Naval Barracks , Devonport in 1925 , Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief , Mediterranean Fleet in 1927 and Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1929 . He then became Commanding Officer of the Battlecruiser Squadron in 1931 before being placed in temporary command of the Atlantic Fleet later that year : it was under his command that the Invergordon Mutiny took place and , following the conclusion of the mutiny , he was blamed for being too lenient with the mutineers and placed on half pay . He retired in 1935 but was re - employed during World War II as Flag Officer in charge of the Bristol Channel before retiring again in 1942 .
Blohm & Voss BV 144 The Blohm & Voss BV 144 was an attempt by Germany in World War II , to develop an advanced commercial airliner for post - war service . Due to the changing course of the war , the project was abandoned and only a single example was built . Development . In 1940 , Blohm & Voss , at the request of " Deutsche Lufthansa " , designed the BV 144 as a short to medium range airliner . At the time the war was going in Germany ’ s favour , and planning for post - war commercial airliner services was reasonable . The BV 144 was an all - metal , high - wing monoplane , powered by two BMW 801 MA radial engines . A unique feature of the BV 144 was the wing , which was designed to have variable incidence . An electro - mechanical device rotated the wing by its main spar , up to 9° . The BV 144 had a crew of three and was planned to be capable of carrying 18 to 23 passengers . Prototype . After the fall of France in 1940 , it was decided to build two BV 144 prototypes in France , making use of French industry . The BV 144 V1 ( first prototype ) made its maiden flight in August 1944 . By this time , Germany was retreating from France , thus the BV 144 project and single prototype were abandoned by the Germans . The French captured the BV 144 V1 and applied French markings to it , but ultimately abandoned the project .
198th Infantry Brigade ( United States ) The 198th Infantry Brigade , was first formed as part of the United States Army Reserve ' s 99th Division . It was active from 1967 through 1971 and has been active since 2007 as an Infantry Training Brigade as part of the US Army Infantry School at Fort Benning , Georgia . Operational history . Vietnam War . During the years of 1967 – 1971 as part of the Vietnam War the 198th was part of the United States Army ' s 23rd " Americal " Infantry Division . In 1968 , elements of the 198th Infantry Brigade , under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Robert B . Nelson , participated in the Battle of Kham Duc . On 21 November 1969 , Colonel Joseph G . Clemons , ( of Pork Chop Hill fame ) , assumed command of the 198th Infantry Brigade . Post Vietnam . The 198th Infantry Brigade was reactivated on 15 May 2007 at Fort Benning , Georgia to serve as an Infantry Training Brigade . It is commanded by Colonel Jonathan Neumann and the Command Sergeant Major Micheal Evans .
Gerald Gladstone ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Gerald Vaughan Gladstone GBE KCB ( 1901 – 1978 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Far East Fleet . Naval career . Gladstone joined the Royal Navy in 1915 . He served in World War I on HMS " Tiger " . He also served in World War II as Executive Officer on HMS " Fiji " and then , from 1941 , as Commanding Officer of HMS " Pelican " on Atlantic convoy duties . He was made Assistant Director for Torpedoes and Mining Deputy at the Admiralty in 1942 . After the War he was Captain of HMS " Black Prince " and then Captain of the Fleet in the Mediterranean Fleet from 1947 . He was given command of HMS " Vanguard " in 1949 and appointed Commander of the Royal Navy Barracks at Chatham in 1950 . He became Vice Controller of the Royal Navy and Director of Naval Equipment in 1952 and Second in Command of the Far East Fleet and Flag Officer commanding 5th Cruiser Squadron in 1953 . He was appointed North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Commander , Allied Naval Forces , Northern Europe in 1955 and Commander - in - Chief , Far East Fleet in 1957 ; he took part in Queensland ' s Centenary Celebrations in 1959 . He retired in 1960 . Family . In 1966 Gladstone married Dora Stewart , his second wife . He predeceased his second wife who died in December 2006 .
Robert Scott ( VC ) Robert Scott VC ( 4 June 1874 – 21 February 1961 ) , was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Born in Haslingden , Lancashire , he was a 25 - year - old private in the 1st Battalion , Manchester Regiment , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place in Natal for which he and Private James Pitts were awarded the VC : The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Museum of the Manchester Regiment , Ashton - under - Lyne , England .
George Gristock George Gristock VC ( 14 January 1905 – 16 June 1940 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Biography . Gristock was born in Pretoria , South Africa . He was 35 years old , and a Warrant Officer Class II holding the appointment of company sergeant major in The Royal Norfolk Regiment , British Army during the Second World War . During the Battle of France the 2nd battalion was part of the British Expeditionary Force . On 21 May 1940 near the River Escaut , Belgium , south of Tournai . Company Sergeant - Major Gristock organized a party of eight riflemen and went forward to cover the company ' s right flank , where the enemy had broken through . He then went on with one man under heavy fire and was severely wounded in both legs , but having gained his fire position undetected , he managed to put out of action a machine - gun which was inflicting heavy casualties and kill the crew of four . He then dragged himself back to the right flank position but refused to be evacuated until contact with the battalion had been established . He later died of his wounds . The Times later reported , " By his gallant action the position of the company was secured , and many casualties prevented . " Gristock is buried at Bear Road Cemetery , Brighton , Sussex , England in the War Graves Section ( Plot Z . G . L . Grave 28 ) . Victoria Cross Citation . The announcement and accompanying citation for the decoration was published in supplement to the London Gazette on the 23 August 1940 . The medal . Gristock ' s Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Norfolk Regiment Museum in Norwich , England .
Siege of Fukuyo The siege of Fukuyo was the one of many steps taken by Takeda Shingen in his bid to seize control of Shinano Province . The fortress at Fukuyo lay in the Ina valley , south of Lake Suwa . Tozawa Yorichika , an ally of Takatō Yoritsugu , lord of Takatō castle , surrendered quickly . The Battle of Ankokuji followed the siege .
Mandsaur Fort Mandsaur Fort , also known as Dashpur Fort , is situated in Mandsaur city in Mandsaur district in Madhya Pradesh state of India . Strategic Importance . The Mandsaur city is situated on the border of Malwa and Mewar and as such was strategically very important . After the attack of Timur , the Delhi Sultanate became weak . Dilawar Khan Ghauri was governor of the Malwa province of central India during the decline of the Delhi Sultanate . Dilawar Khan declared himself Sultan of Malwa in 1401 , and passed the kingdom to his son Hoshang Shah upon his death . Thus he had practically come to Mandu in 1401 as the first King of Malwa . Dilawar had also shifted the capital from Dhar to Mandu , renaming it Shadiabad , the city of joy . The successor of Dilawar Khan Gauri was Hushang Shah Gori ( 1405 - 1435 ) , who constructed fort at strategically important Mandsaur city to strengthen his north - west boundary . He is also remembered for his wonderful taste in architecture . It was he who made Mandu one of the most impregnable forts of India . The Sisodia rulers of Mewar by this time were becoming strong . Mandsaur fort was mainly associated with Mandu rulers . In 1519 Rana Sanga occupied the fort and appointed Ashokmal Rajput as its Kiledar . In 1535 Humayun also stayed here for few months during his Malwa expedition . During Sher Shah period Sadar Khan was appointed its Kiledar . During the reign of Akbar Mandsaur got the status of sarkar . In 1733 the Malwa subedar of Mughals Sawai Jaisingh attacked the fort but was defeated by Marathas and the fort went to Marathas . The historically most important event in the fort was the treaty of 1818 between Tantiya Jog senapati of Malhar Rao Holkar II and Sir John Malcum under which Malwa came in occupation of British rule . Mandsaur Fort ' s Construction . The fort has twelve gates . It is surrounded by an outer wall . The south - east gate is known as Nadi Darwaja . On the side of this gate is an inscription which reveals that it was constructed by an army officer Mukbil Khan in 1490 during the tenure of Giyas Shah ( 1469 - 1500 ) . Modern Days . The Fort premises are nowadays used as office by collector , District Judge and other Govt officers . There are two gardens in which there is a pillar of torandwar . It is believed to be pillar of Surya Mandir of the inscription of Bandhu Varma . There is a Shiva statue also in the garden . Early Rulers . Bandhu Varma was contemporary of Kumargupta I and Samudragupta . He was ruler of Mandsaur before Huna victory of Yashodharman . There is an inscription about Bandhu Varma at Mandsaur . The silk workers had constructed Sun temple here which was repaired by Bandhu Varma in samvat 530 ( 473 AD ) . This indicates that he was present there till 473 AD . After Bandhuvarma the ruler of Mandsaur was Vishnuvardhan who erected a pillar of victory at Bayana due to which Bayana ’ s name became Vijaygarh . Vishnuvardhan and Yasodharman assumed the title of Samrat after they occupied the territories of Bandhuvarma . It is also mentioned that Vishnuvardha had assumed the title of ‘ Maharajadhiraja ’ or Emperor .
Engineer Research and Development Center The Engineer Research and Development Center ( ERDC ) is a US Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE ) laboratory organization whose mission is to " Provide science , technology , and expertise in engineering and environmental sciences in support of our Armed Forces and the Nation to make the world safer and better . " The headquarters is located in Vicksburg , Mississippi , on the site of an antecedent organization , the Waterways Experiment Station . History . In October 1999 , the Corps of Engineers established a system laboratories , called the Engineer Research and Development Center ( ERDC ) . The ERDC was a consolidation of seven , pre - existing laboratories , the Coastal and Hydraulics , Environmental , Geotechnical and Structures , and Information Technology Laboratories in Vicksburg , Mississippi ; the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in Champaign , Illinois ; the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover , New Hampshire ; and the Topographic Engineering Center in Alexandria , Virginia , which became the Army Geospatial Center and started reporting directly to the Corps of Engineers as of 2009 . ERDC became a frequent winner of the Army Research Laboratory of the Year award , five times in its first eight years .
Spanish Republican Armed Forces The Spanish Republican Armed Forces ( ) were initially formed by the following two branches of the military of the Second Spanish Republic : History . The Spanish Republican Armed Forces went through two clear phases during their existence : The Air Force . At the time of the democratic municipal elections that led to the proclamation of the Spanish Republic , the Air Force was divided in two branches , the " Aeronáutica Militar " and " Aeronáutica Naval " , the former being the air arm of the Spanish Republican Army and the latter the naval aviation of the Spanish Republican Navy . In September 1936 the Navy and Air Ministry ( " Ministerio de Marina y Aire " ) and the Air Undersecretariat , ( " Subsecretaria del Aire " ) , both part of the National Defence Ministry " ( Ministerio de la Defensa Nacional ) " of the Republic , were established under the command of Indalecio Prieto as minister . The Republican air arm was restructured again in May 1937 , well into the Civil War . The new structure unified the " Aeronáutica Militar " and " Aeronáutica Naval " . Some sources give this date as the date of the creation of the Spanish Republican Air Force , although it had been previously operative already under its two branches . The Republican Air Force would keep this structure until this disbandment two years later .
254th Indian Tank Brigade The 254th Indian Tank Brigade was an armoured brigade of the Indian Army during World War II , it was part of the Fourteenth Army and saw action in the Burma Campaign . 254th Tank Brigade ' s tactical sign was a symbol that looks like black railway tracks disappearing into the distance , on a yellow triangle . The Brigade fought with the 5th Indian Division and the 7th Indian Infantry Division s in Burma and was involved in the Battles at Imphal , Kohima , Kyaumaung Bridgehead , Meiktila , and the Rangoon Road .
William W . Jeffries Memorial Archives The William W . Jeffries Memorial Archives , found at the United States Naval Academy in the Nimitz Library , was named in dedication of William Worthington Jeffries ( 1914 - 1989 ) , former professor , archivist , and museum director at the Academy from 1942 to 1989 . Professor William W . Jeffries taught history at the Naval Academy for thirteen years and then served as Senior Professor in the English , History , and Government Department for fifteen years . In 1971 he was selected as the Naval Academy Archivist . Under his leadership , the USNA Archives was integrated into the National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA ) , and in 1985 , the Naval Academy Archives became one of the seven NARA affiliated archives . On August 12 , 1991 , the Naval Academy Archives was officially dedicated as the William W . Jeffries Memorial Archives .