naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Air Training Officer Air Training Officers ( ATO ) were specially selected commissioned officer s who served as surrogate upperclass cadets at the United States Air Force Academy . Establishment of the Air Force Academy . The original Air Training Officers were commissioned junior officers who served as a surrogate upperclass for incoming cadets before there were actual upperclass cadets to conduct training and oversee the Cadet Wing . Admission of Women to the Academy . In 1976 , the ATO program was revived in a modified form when women were allowed to attend the Air Force Academy . The Academy brought in a number of female junior officers to learn about Academy life and act as surrogate upperclassmen specifically for the new female cadets . Before taking on their roles , the new ATOs underwent survival , evasion , resistance and escape ( SERE ) training , physical conditioning , various airmanship programs , field training at Jacks Valley and audited academic courses . Special counseling courses enabled the ATOs to help women cadets with potential personal problems .
HMS Advice ( 1712 ) HMS " Advice " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built by Sir Joseph Allin according to the 1706 Establishment of dimensions at Deptford Dockyard , and launched on 8 July 1712 . In 1744 , she was renamed HMS " Milford " , and she was sold out of the navy in 1749 .
Military Museum of the Chinese People ' s Revolution The Military Museum of the Chinese People ' s Revolution , or China People ' s Revolution Military Museum ( Chinese : 中国人民革命军事博物馆 ) is a museum located in Beijing , China immediately west of central Beijing in Haidian District . It displays restored military equipment from the history of the People ' s Liberation Army , up to and including modern - day machinery . One of the Ten Great Buildings erected in celebration of the ten - year anniversary of the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , construction of the museum began in October 1958 and ended in 1960 . As of February 2012 , the museum is undergoing renovation work ( with only outdoor exhibits , paintings , and plaques viewable ) . Collections . The museum ' s four floors include ten halls , the largest of which is the Hall of Weapons . The Hall ' s extensive holdings of antiquated weaponry showcase domestic and foreign weapons , including blades , small arms , artillery , tanks , armored personnel carriers , anti - air weaponry , jet fighters , rockets and rocket launchers , and cruise missiles . Foreign weapons include Soviet tanks purchased or donated during the 1950s and 1960s , American weaponry captured from the Kuomintang during the Chinese Civil War and from UN forces during the Korean War , and Japan ese weaponry captured during the Sino - Japanese War . In addition , the Hall of Weapons displays equipment from China ' s space program , such as satellites and a two - seat orbital capsule . With two exceptions , the other halls are largely historical exhibits , combining plaster sculptures , maps , paintings , artifacts , movies , and plaques ( in Chinese , with select ones translated into English ) . The other nine halls include : Visiting . Currently , the museum is open to free admission , though visitors must show identification and consent to any security bag checks . The museum is accessible by Line 1 of the Beijing Subway at the Military Museum Station and city bus routes 1 , 4 , 21 , 65 , 68 , 205 , 308 , 320 , 337 , 617 , 728 , and 802 .
Battle of Artaza The Battle of Artaza ( " Acción de Artaza " ) was a battle that occurred on April 20 – 22 , 1835 during the First Carlist War . Jerónimo Valdés , at the time Minister of War , arrived at the area known as Las Amescoas with 22 , 000 men with the intention of definitively destroying the Carlist forces . Zumalacárregui had 5 , 000 men , but had the advantage of knowing the terrain and practicing guerrilla tactics . Valdes ’ troops maneuvered up the mountains in the area . The Carlists , meanwhile , were hidden in the foliage , and were able to harass the Liberal troops day and night until the Liberals gave way . The total casualties were 700 men .
John H . Ketcham John Henry Ketcham ( December 21 , 1832 – November 4 , 1906 ) was a United States Representative from New York for over 33 years . He also served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . John H . Ketcham was born in Dover Plains , Dutchess County , New York . He pursued an academic course and graduated from Suffield Academy at Suffield , Connecticut . He then became interested in agricultural pursuits , as well as politics . He was Supervisor of the Town of Dover in 1854 and 1855 ; a member of the New York State Assembly ( Dutchess Co . , 1st D . ) in 1856 and 1857 ; and a member of the New York State Senate ( 11th D . ) in 1860 and 1861 . With the outbreak of the American Civil War , he enlisted in the Union Army and was appointed as colonel of the 150th New York Volunteer Infantry , on October 11 , 1862 . Ketcham was brevetted as a brigadier general on December 6 , 1864 , and promoted to the full rank of brigadier general in the volunteer army on April 1 , 1865 . He was brevetted major general of Volunteers March 13 , 1865 . Following the war , Ketcham resumed his political career . He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty - ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1865 – March 3 , 1873 ) . He was the chairman of the Committee on Public Lands Forty - second Congress . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty - third Congress Ketcham was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876 and 1896 and then the Commissioner of the District of Columbia from July 3 , 1874 , until June 30 , 1877 , when he resigned . He was subsequently elected as a Republican to the Forty - fifth and to the seven succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1877 - March 3 , 1893 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State ( Fifty - seventh through Fifty - ninth Congresses ) . Ketcham declined to be a candidate for renomination . He was elected as a Republican to the Fifty - fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4 , 1897 , until his death in New York City on November 4 , 1906 . John Ketcham is buried in Valley View Cemetery in Dover Plains , New York .
SSZ - class blimp The SSZ ( Sea Scout Zero ) blimps were developed in United Kingdom during World War I from the earlier SS ( " Sea Scout " ) class . The main role of these craft was to escort convoys and scout or search for German U - Boats . Design and development . The SSZ was built at the Royal Naval Air Service ( RNAS ) airship station at Capel - le - Ferne near Folkestone to the design of three officers that were serving there as a successor to the SS class . Similar to other SS class types , the SSZs had an envelope of capacity containing two ballonet s of each ; and like the SSP s , the fuel was contained in aluminium tanks slung on the axis of the envelope . The design of the car was a departure from that of other SS types . It was streamlined , boat - shaped and watertight , was floored from end - to - end , and was enclosed with sides of fabric - covered 8 - ply wood or aluminium . The car was comfortable and accommodated a 3 - man crew – the forward position being occupied by the wireless operator / gunner with the pilot seated amidships , and the engineer was stationed at the rear . A single water - cooled Rolls - Royce Hawk engine was mounted on bearers above the level of the rear of the car , and drove a diameter four - bladed propeller in pusher configuration . The SSZ design was judged superior to the SSP , which had been developed at RNAS Kingsnorth at the same time , and so the SSP was cancelled . Operational history . The average patrol lasted eight hours , but there were instances of flights of much greater duration – three of 25 – 26 hours ; one of 30 h 20 min ; and a record of 50 h 55 min held by " SSZ . 39 " in the summer of 1918 . On 16 August 1918 , a makeshift SSZ ship was being assembled from a disused envelope and a spare SS Zero car at RNAS Howden airship station . Petrol fumes from a spillage in the car were ignited some time later by a spark when the radio equipment was being tested ; and the ensuing fireball , fed by fuel and gas , completely enveloped and destroyed both the SSZ and R23X class airship " R27 " with which it was sharing a hangar . Although the hangar itself survived , one airman lost his life , and two further blimps that were moored nearby , " SSZ . 38 " and " SSZ . 54 " , were also destroyed . The SSZ ' s greater stability in flight and longer hours of endurance enabled them to operate in worse weather conditions than had previously been attempted , and early in 1917 all existing SS types were superseded by the SS Zero . They were turned out as fast as they could be built , and a total of 77 SSZs were produced between 1916 and 1918 , two of which were acquired by France and two by the United States .
75th Troop Carrier Squadron The 75th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 316th Troop Carrier Group , based at Ashiya AB , Japan . It was inactivated on 18 Jun 1957 . History . Established in early 1943 as a C - 47 Skytrain transport squadron under First Air Force , later trained under I Troop Carrier Command in the eastern United States . Deployed to England in late 1943 , being assigned to Ninth Air Force in England , IX Troop Carrier Command to participate in the buildup of forces prior to the Allied landings in France during D - Day in June 1944 . Began training for participation in the airborne operation over Normandy . Entered combat on D - Day 1944 by dropping paratroops of the 101st Airborne Division near Cherbourg ; towed Waco and Horsa gliders carrying reinforcements to that area on the afternoon of D - Day and on the following morning ; received a Distinguished Unit Citation for its part in the Normandy invasion . Began transport services following the landings in France and intermittently engaged in missions of this type until V - E Day ; hauled supplies such as serum , blood plasma , radar sets , clothing , rations , and ammunition , and evacuated wounded personnel to Allied hospitals . Interrupted supply and evacuation missions to train for and participate in three major airborne assaults . A detachment that was sent to Italy in July 1944 for Operation Dragoon , the invasion of Southern France . Dropped paratroops over the assault area on 15 August and released gliders carrying troops and equipment such as jeeps , guns , and ammunition ; flew a resupply mission over France on 16 August ; and then transported supplies to bases in Italy before returning to England at the end of the month . In September 1944 the group participated in Operation Market - Garden , the air attack on Holland , dropping paratroops of 82d and 101st Airborne Divisions and releasing gliders carrying reinforcements . Moved to France in February 1945 for Operation Varsity , the airborne assault across the Rhine ; each aircraft towed two gliders in transporting troops and equipment to the east bank of the Rhine on 24 March ; then the group flew resupply missions to Germany in support of ground forces . Transported supplies to occupation forces in Germany and evacuated Allied prisoners of war after V - E Day . Returned to the US in August and was assigned to Continental Air Forces as a troop carrier squadron . Operated C - 46 Commandos and C - 82 Packet Assault transports under Tactical Air Command until being inactivated due to budget reductions in 1949 . Reactivated in 1952 at Ashiya AB , Japan with C - 119 Flying Boxcars ; mission was to fly supplies and equipment to South Korea in support of Ground Forces . Flew into rough airfields into the peninsula during the war , then remained in Japan until inactivated in 1957 with the US reduction of forces at the end of the occupation period .
Robert Henry Lawrence , Jr . Robert Henry Lawrence , Jr . ( October 2 , 1935 - December 8 , 1967 ) was a United States Air Force officer and the first African - American astronaut . Early years . At the age of 16 , he graduated in the top 10 percent from Englewood High School in Chicago . At the age of 20 , he graduated from Bradley University with a Bachelor ' s Degree in Chemistry . At Bradley , he distinguished himself as Cadet Commander in the Air Force ROTC and received the commission of Second Lieutenant in the Air Force Reserve Program . At the age of 21 he was designated as a U . S . Air Force pilot after completing flight training at Malden Air Force Base . At 22 , he married Barbara Cress , daughter of Dr . and Mrs . Henry Cress of Chicago . By the time he was 25 , he had completed an Air Force assignment as an instructor pilot in the T - 33 training aircraft for the German Air Force . In 1965 , Lawrence earned a Ph . D . in Physical Chemistry from the Ohio State University . He was a senior USAF pilot , accumulating well over 2 , 500 flight hours — 2 , 000 of which were in jets . Lawrence flew many tests in the Lockheed F - 104 Starfighter to investigate the gliding flight of various unpowered spacecraft returning to Earth from orbit , such as the North American X - 15 rocket - plane . NASA cited Lawrence for accomplishments and flight maneuver data that " contributed greatly to the development of the Space Shuttle . " In June 1967 , Lawrence successfully completed the Air Force Flight Test Pilot Training School at Edwards AFB , California . That same month he was selected by the USAF as an astronaut in the Air Force ' s Manned Orbital Laboratory ( MOL ) program , thus becoming the first black astronaut . Lawrence was killed on December 8 , 1967 , in the crash of an F - 104 Starfighter at Edwards Air Force Base , California . He was flying backseat on the mission as the instructor pilot for a flight test trainee learning the steep - descent glide technique . The pilot flying made such an approach but flared too late . The airplane struck the ground hard , its main gear failed , it caught fire , and rolled . The front - seat pilot , ejected upward , survived with major injuries . The back seat , which delays a moment to avoid hitting the front seat , ejected sideways , killing him instantly . Had Lawrence lived he likely would have been among the MOL astronauts who transferred to NASA after the program ' s cancellation , all of whom flew on the Space Shuttle . During his brief career , Lawrence earned the Air Force Commendation Medal , the Outstanding Unit Citation . On December 8 , 1997 , his name was inscribed on the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida .
PNS Hamza ( S139 ) PPNS Hamza ( S139 ) named after Hamza ibn ‘ Abd al - Muttalib is Khalid class submarine of Pakistan Navy . Hamza is third of the Khalid class submarine built in Pakistan at Pakistan Navy dockyard , Karachi under a transfer of technology contract signed on 21 September 1994 with DCNS France .
Georg Christl Georg Christl ( 3 October 1913 – 31 March 1991 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Georg Christl was credited with 7 aerial victories during World War II .
Battle of Pantino The Battle of Pantino was fought between the Byzantine Empire and Serbian Principality in 1167 . It resulted in the crowning of Stefan Nemanja . Background . Tihomir had Nemanja captured and chained after he had built monasteries without talking to Tihomir , the lands of Nemanja were seized but Nemanja ' s supporters conspired to the church that Tihomir had done all this because of his disapproval with the building of churches and thus became targeted by the clergy , something that would boost Nemanja ' s respect . Nemanja was later freed and regained rule some of his previous lands . Stefan Nemanja successfully overthrowed Tihomir , who fled to Greece with his brothers . The battle . A Byzantine army was assembled for the Byzantine ally Tihomir , who came in from Skopje . The two armies collided at " Pantino " near Zvečan , present - day Kosovo . After a decisive battle , the Byzantine force was crushed and quickly began retreating . Tihomir drowned in the Sitnica river and Nemanja ' s remaining brothers were pardoned , recognizing Stefan as supreme ruler of Serbia , crowned as " Ruler of All Serbia " . Aftermath . The battle was decisive in the fact that it ensured the unity of all Serbian princes and their ultimate loyalty to Stefan Nemanja . This later paved the way for the consolidation of Serbia and its eventual formation into a kingdom .
USS YMS - 418 The YMS - 418 was a YMS - 1 class minesweeper which saw service in World War II . The hull was laid down 16 September 1943 by Henry C . Grebe and Co . , Chicago , IL . It was launched 22 February 1944 It was struck from the Navy Register 7 February 1947 and sold 17 December 1947 . According to deck logs stored at the National Archives in College Park Maryland , the ship ' s commanding officer was Lt . Victor A . Lang , executive officer Ensign Toivo John Hamalainen , gunnery officer Ensign J . J . Dennehy , Jr . , engineering officer Ensign Bruce F . Kingsbury . Its fate is unknown .
Battle of Antioch ( 145 BC ) The Battle of Antioch in 145 BC saw the defeat and overthrow of Seleucid king Alexander Balas by Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt , but the Egyptian pharaoh died in the battle . This battle is also known as the Battle of the Oenoparus . History . Alexander Balas became king of Syria and Pergamum containing the remnant of the Seleucid empire in 150 BC by defeating Demetrius Soter . Alexander Balas initially had the strong support of Ptolemy VI and was married to Ptolemy ' s daughter Cleopatra Thea . After obtaining the throne , Alexander abandoned himself to a life of debauchery , losing the support of his subjects . Demetrius Nicator , the son of Demetrius Soter , took advantage of this by returning to Syria from Crete . Demetrius had won support from Ptolemy VI who had abandoned his son - in - law with Cleopatra Thea marrying Demetrius in 148 . At a pitched battle near Antioch , the forces of Demetrius and Ptolemy were successful but Ptolemy suffered a fatal wound . Balas fled to Nabataea but was killed by a prince seeking favour from Demetrius and Ptolemy . Demetrius II became King of Syria .
Beda Fomm Beda Fomm is a small coastal town in southwestern Cyrenaica , Libya located between the much larger port city Benghazi to its north and the larger town of El Agheila further to the southwest . Beda Fomm is known mainly for being the site of the final engagement of Operation Compass in World War II . World War II . In late January 1941 , the British learned that the Italians , fearing the British advance ( Operation Compass ) were evacuating Cyrenaica by way of Beda Fomm ; The British 7th Armoured Division was dispatched to intercept the Italian army . Halfway to their destination , it was evident that the entire division together was too slow so a ' flying column ' was sent on a direct route across the desert . On 5 February 1941 , they arrived at the town to cut off the retreating remnants of the Italian Tenth Army . The following day , the Italians arrived and attacked , but failed to break through the blockade . For two days , 500 riflemen , a squadron of light tanks and a few field - and anti - tank guns held off 20 , 000 Italian soldiers with one hundred tanks and two hundred guns . The fighting was close and often hand - to - hand ; at one point , a regimental sergeant major captured an Italian tank by hitting the commander over the head with a rifle - butt . The final effort came 7 February when 20 Italian Fiat M13 / 40 tanks broke through the thin cordon of riflemen and anti - tank guns only to be stopped by field guns , yards from regimental HQ . The officer commanding Italian forces was General Tellera ; he was killed by a bullet on the field , and Lt - Gen . Ferdinando Cona assumed command , only to be captured during the battle by Allied forces . After that failure , with the rest of the 7th Armoured arriving and the 6th Australian Division bearing down on them from the Benghazi , the Italians surrendered . A fictionalized version of the battle may be found in C . S . Forester ' s short story " An Egg for the Major , " in the collection " Gold from Crete . "
Snecma M53 The SNECMA M53 is an afterburning turbofan engine developed for the Dassault Mirage 2000 fighter by Snecma . The engine is in service with different air forces , including the latest Mirage 2000 - 5 and 2000 - 9 multirole fighters . Design and development . Although an entirely new design , the M53 is very similar in concept with the previous family of SNECMA military engines , the ATAR 9C and 9K , in that it has a single shaft driving both the fan and the high pressure compressor . Although this made it rather “ dated ” in comparison to other engines of the same generation , this gave the M53 some very desirable traits for a military engine . It allows for carefree operation , whereas a two - spool engine of the same generation required much more care during its operation ; this is ironic in that 2 - spool turbofans were originally invented to avoid the problems that single stage fans encountered during abrupt throttle movements . When one compressor section stalls on a single - spool fan , it directly effects the entire spool . When one compressor stalls in a 2 - spool type , the remaining compressor and turbine continue to function independently , maintaining partial thrust and making it easier to get the stalled compressor working again , without relying on " windmilling " to ensure the engine will start . The M53 ' s maintenance is vastly simplified , being of modular construction ( subassemblies or modules do not require calibration when exchanged ) , and engine parts are changed “ on condition ” , that is , they do not expire after a given amount of hours of operation or time since installed , but rather on the general condition of the part or subassembly at the moment of inspection , which cuts down on maintenance costs . It is a simple engine in general , having no variable stators and less moving parts , it is reliable and pilot friendly , free of operational restrictions ( extremely important in combat ) . However , it is the only known single - spool turbofan extant as of 2013 , and its manufacturer transitioned to a more " conventional " two - spool design in subsequent engines , such as the Snecma M88 .
Peter Way Peter Way ( born 1957 ) is a Canadian - American historian . Life . He graduated from Trent University , in 1981 , Queen ' s University with an M . A . , in 1983 , and University of Maryland , College Park with a Ph . D . , in 1991 . He taught at Bowling Green State University . He is the head of the History department at University of Windsor where he also teaches .
French ship Téméraire ( 1782 ) The Téméraire was the lead ship of the " Téméraire " class 74 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . She took part in the Bataille du 13 prairial an 2 , battling HMS " Russell " . She took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver of winter 1794 - 1795 , but sustained damage when a leak opened in her hull in the night of the 30 to 31 December , and she had to return to Saint Malo . From 1798 , she was in a state of disrepair and needed to be refitted or demolished . She was eventually condemned in 1802 and broken up in 1803 .