naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles Rivière - Hérard Charles Rivière - Hérard also known as Charles Hérard aîné ( 16 February 1789 – 31 August 1850 ) was an officer in the Haitian Army under Alexandre Pétion during his struggles against Henri Christophe . He was declared President of Haiti on 4 April 1843 . He was forced from office by revolutionaries on 3 May 1844 . Charles Rivière - Hérard was born at Port - au - Prince on 16 February 1789 . Little about his early life is generally known , except that he fought with the revolutionaries against the French , and that he was an officer commanding a battalion of black troops , probably later in his military career . Hérard was chief among the conspirators who ousted President Jean - Pierre Boyer during the 1843 Revolution . On 30 December of that same year , a Provisional Parliament of Haiti enacted a new Constitution , apparently without Hérard ' s approval . Soon afterward , General Hérard , who had the loyalty of the army , seized control of the government and declared himself President of Haiti . Soon after Hérard ' s rise to power , the eastern half of Haiti , known as Santo Domingo , staged a revolt . On 27 February 1844 , rebels occupied the capital city of Santo Domingo and the following day declared the independence of the Dominican Republic from Haiti . Hérard responded almost immediately . Fielding an army of 25 , 000 soldiers on 10 March 1844 , he entered the new Dominican Republic with the intent of returning the eastern half of the island to Haitian rule . He was quickly defeated , however , and within a month was forced to retreat with his army back into Haïti . Facing increasing opposition in the government and a rapidly deteriorating political situation within the country , on 30 March 1844 Hérard dissolved the new Constitution and the Parliament . During Hérard ' s invasion of the Dominican Republic , an armed revolt began in the Haitian countryside . By the end of March 1844 , a rebel army composed of peasants and farmers began to muster near the city of Les Cayes on the southwest peninsula . The rebels , known as " piquets " , were armed with long pikes ( from which they derived their name ) . Gathering under the command of a General Jean - Jacques Acaau , they formed what became known as " L ’ Armée Souffrante " or the Army of the South . In April of that year , they met and defeated a government army , although soon after this , their advance on the Haitian capital was checked at the town of Aquin . This however , did not provide a respite for Hérard . While General Acaau was marching against Port - au - Prince in the south , an armed revolt had begun in the North , fueled by Hérard ' s opponents in the government . Faced with this crisis , Hérard relinquished the Presidency on 3 May 1844 . He went into exile on 2 June 1844 , resettling in Jamaica , where he died on 31 August 1850 .
Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award The Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award is awarded to civilian employees in the Department of the Navy for meritorious service or contributions resulting in high value or benefits for the Navy or the Marine Corps . It is conferred for a contribution that applies to a local or smaller area of operation or a project of lesser importance than would be warranted for consideration for the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award or the Navy Superior Civilian Service Award . It is awarded by the local activity head to U . S . Navy employees for service or contributions resulting in high value or benefit to the Department of Navy . The award consists of a certificate and citation signed by the activity head , medal and lapel emblem . The award is the third highest Navy civilian award , ranking just behind the Navy Superior Civilian Service Award , but ahead of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award .
Bhai Bhagwan Singh Bhai Bhagwan Singh Gyanee was an Indian Nationalist and a leading luminary of the Ghadar Party . Elected the party president in 1914 , he was extensively involved in the Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915 during World War I and in the aftermath of its failure fled to Japan . He is also known for his nationalist poems that were published in the Hindustan Ghadar and later in the compilation Ghadar di Gunj . Columbia Press . KOMAGATA MARU - A Challenge to Colonialism : Key Documents by Prof . Malwinderjit Singh and Dr . Gurdev Singh Sidhu
18th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 18th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 18th Iowa Infantry was organized at Clinton , Iowa and mustered in for three years of Federal service on August 6 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on July 20 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The 18th Iowa mustered 1127 men at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 2 officers and 33 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 131 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 167 fatalities . 79 were wounded .
Wacław Król Wacław Król ( 1915 – 1991 ) was a Polish military pilot and a Air Colonel of the Polish Air Force . A veteran of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain during World War II , he served with distinction alongside the Royal Air Force and rose to the rank of Wing Commander . He also became one of the Polish fighter aces of the war ( ranked 15th on Bajan ' s list ) . After the war he became a successful historian and author of numerous books . Wacław Król graduated from the Polish Air Force Academy of Dęblin in 1935 and joined the Polish Air Forces . A deputy commander of the Polish 121st Fighter Escadrille , he scored his first aerial victory on the very first day of World War II ( a Henschel Hs 126 , shared with Cpl Paweł Kowala ) . During the Nazi and Soviet invasion of Poland he downed one additional Heinkel He 111 bomber . After September 17 he escaped with his unit to Romania . Interned there , he managed to escape and reach France , where he re - joined the Polish Air Forces . Temporarily attached to the French Groupe de Chasse II / 7 , he took part in the Battle of France . During the German invasion of that country he scored two enemy bombers ( Heinkel He 111 and Dornier Do 17 ) and a probable kill of another Do 17 . Evacuated to Africa and then to Great Britain , he joined the Polish units stationed there and took part in the Battle of Britain as member of the No . 302 Polish Fighter Squadron . During the battle he scored one Messerschmitt Bf 109 over London and one Junkers Ju 88 ( shared with two other pilots ) . For the remainder of the war he served with various other Polish units . First with No . 316 Polish Fighter Squadron ( one Bf 109 and one Focke - Wulf Fw 190 ) , then with No . 315 Polish Fighter Squadron and eventually with the Polish Fighting Team , better known as " Skalski ' s Circus " in North Africa . While there he downed two German Messerschmitts Bf 109 and one Italian Macchi MC . 202 . Upon his return to Europe in October 1943 he rejoined the 302 Polish Fighter Sqn as its ' commanding officer , eventually rising to the rank of CO of the entire 3rd Polish Fighter Wing ( 10 March 1945 ) and the No . 1 Polish Wing ( July 1945 ) . Altogether during the war Wacław Król accomplished 286 missions and downed 8 . 5 or 9 enemy planes , and scored 3 additional probable kills . After the war he returned to communist - controlled Poland and took a series of menial jobs . After the end of Stalinism he was allowed to join the Polish Army and eventually rose to the rank of Colonel . Retired , he became a successful author of over 30 books documenting the history of Polish World War II air units .
3rd Maine Battery 3rd Maine Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 3rd Maine Battery was organized in Augusta , Maine and mustered in for three years ' service on December 11 , 1861 . The battery was assigned to duty as Pontooneers , McDowell ' s Department of the Rappahannock , April to June 1862 . Pontooneers , III Corps , Army of Virginia , to September 1862 . 1st Brigade , Haskins ' Division , Defenses of Washington , to February 1863 . Battery assigned to 1st Maine Heavy Artillery as Company M , March 28 , 1863 . Attached to Haskins ' Division , XXII Corps , to February 1864 . Detached from 1st Maine Heavy Artillery and reorganized as 3rd Maine Battery February 23 , 1864 . Attached to Camp Barry , Defenses of Washington , XXII Corps , April to July 1864 . Artillery , 3rd Division , IX Corps , Army of the Potomac , to August 1864 . Artillery Reserve , Army of the Potomac , to June 1865 . The 3rd Maine Battery mustered out of service June 17 , 1865 at Augusta , Maine . Detailed service . Duty at Augusta until March 19 , 1862 , and at Portland , Me . , until April 1 . Moved to Washington , D . C . , April 1 – 8 . Camp at Capitol Hill until April 14 . Duty with Pontoon Train at Falmouth , Va . , Washington . D . C . , and at Alexandria , Va . , April to November 1862 . Pope ' s Campaign in northern Virginia August 16 - September 2 . Second Battle of Bull Run August 30 . At Fort Lincoln , Defenses of Washington , until March 28 , 1863 , and in the Defenses with 1st Maine Heavy Artillery until January 1864 . On veteran furlough January and February . Moved to Camp Barry March 25 , and duty there until July 5 . Moved to City Point , then to Petersburg front July 5 – 9 . Siege of Petersburg July 9 - October 25 . Moved to City Point , Va . , October 25 , and duty in the defenses at that point until May 3 , 1865 . Moved to Washington , D . C . , May 3 – 17 . At Fairfax Seminary until June 2 . Ordered to Augusta , Me . . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 17 enlisted men during service ; 3 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 14 enlisted men died of disease .
South West Pacific theatre of World War II The South West Pacific theatre , during World War II , was a major theatre of the war between the Allies and Japan . It included the Philippines , the Dutch East Indies ( except for Sumatra ) , Borneo , Australia and its mandate Territory of New Guinea ( including the Bismarck Archipelago ) and the western part of the Solomon Islands . This area was defined by the Allied powers ' South West Pacific Area ( SWPA ) command . In the South West Pacific theatre , Japanese forces fought primarily against the forces of the United States and Australia . New Zealand , the Netherlands ( mainly the Dutch East Indies ) , the Philippines , United Kingdom , and other Allied nations also contributed forces . Allied command . The U . S . General Douglas MacArthur had been in command of the American forces in the Philippines in what was to become the South West Pacific theatre , but was then part of a larger theatre that encompassed the South West Pacific , the South East Asian mainland ( including Indochina and Malaya ) and the North of Australia , under the short lived American - British - Dutch - Australian Command ( ABDACOM ) . Shortly after the collapse of ABDACOM , supreme command of the South West Pacific theatre passed to MacArthur who was appointed Supreme Allied Commander South West Pacific Area on 30 March 1942 . In the other major theatre in the Pacific region , known as the Pacific Ocean theatre , Allied forces were commanded by US Admiral Chester Nimitz . Both MacArthur and Nimitz were overseen by the US Joint Chiefs and the western Allies Combined Chiefs of Staff ( CCoS ) . Japanese command . Most Japanese forces in the theatre were part of the , which was formed on November 6 , 1941 , under General Hisaichi Terauchi ( also known as Count Terauchi ) . The " Nanpo gun " was responsible for Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA ) ground and air units in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific . The of the Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) was responsible for all Japanese warships , naval aviation units and marine infantry units . As the Japanese military did not formally utilize joint / combined staff at the operational level , the command structures / geographical areas of operations of the " Nanpo gun " and " Rengō Kantai " overlapped each other and those of the Allies .
RAF Kelstern Royal Air Force Station Kelstern or RAF Kelstern is a former Royal Air Force station located south east of Binbrook , Lincolnshire and north west of Louth , Lincolnshire , England . Station history . The airfield first opened in 1917 as a night landing ground before closing in 1919 . RAF Kelstern re - opened in 1943 and the following squadrons used the airfield .
West Wall Medal The West Wall Medal ( ) was a military decoration of Nazi Germany . It was instituted on 2 August 1939 and was given to those who designed and built the fortifications on Germany ' s western borders , known as the West Wall or , in English , the Siegfried Line , and to the troops who served there prior to May 1940 . In 1944 , as Germany was expecting the arrival of the allied invasion , it was again awarded to those who took part in the fortification of the western borders . In all 622 , 064 medals were awarded until the end of the war . Design . Medal . The medal was struck in bronzed brass . Its oval shape featured on the obverse ( from bottom to top ) a bunker , a crossed sword and shovel , and the German Eagle . On the reverse it bore the inscription " Für Arbeit zum Schutze Deutschlands " ( For Work for the Protection of Defense of Germany ) . The medal was designed by Professor Richard Klein , of Munich . Ribbon . The ribbon is golden brown with a white stripe towards each edge . The design on the ribbon and on the medal are the same so that it can be identified as such . Second Production Run . In 1944 , a second production run was conducted to reward the workers and military personnel strengthening the Siegfried line . This version of the medal was commonly known as the " German Defense Medal " , to distinguish the decoration from its 1939 counterpart , and was constructed of a bronzed zinc . A bar with the date " 1944 " was authorized for those who already held the 1939 version , but this award was never mass produced .
65th Fires Brigade ( United States ) The 65th Fires Brigade is an artillery brigade in the US Army National Guard . It is part of the Utah Army National Guard . The brigade was formerly called I Corps Artillery . The 65th Fires Brigade is currently composed of : References . http : / / www . ut . ngb . army . mil / html / pao / news / 4oct08 . htm
Peebles ' s Farm Union Order of Battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Peebles ' s Farm ( Sept 30 , 1864 ) during the Petersburg Campaign of the American Civil War . Order of battle is compiled from the official tabulation of casualties and includes only units which sustained casualties . Army of the Potomac . V Corps . MG Gouverneur K . Warren IX Corps . MG John G . Parke
Winrich Behr Winrich Behr ( 22 January 1918 – 25 April 2011 ) was a Panzer Captain and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross who was on the intelligence staff of the Sixth Army during the Stalingrad encirclement . In January 1943 he was sent by Paulus to try to convince Hitler of the hopelessness of winning the war on the Eastern Front ; this mission did not succeed .
Edward A . Murphy , Jr . Edward Aloysius Murphy , Jr . ( January 11 , 1918 – July 17 , 1990 ) was an American aerospace engineer who worked on safety - critical systems . He is best known for Murphy ' s law , which is said to state , " Anything that can go wrong will go wrong . " Born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1918 , Murphy was the eldest of five children . After attending high school in New Jersey , he went to the United States Military Academy at West Point , graduating in 1940 . The same year he accepted a commission into the United States Army , and undertook pilot training with the United States Army Air Corps in 1941 . During World War II he served in the Pacific Theatre in India , China and Burma ( now known as Myanmar ) , achieving the rank of major . Following the end of hostilities , in 1947 Murphy attended the United States Air Force Institute of Technology , becoming R & D Officer at the Wright Air Development Center of Wright - Patterson Air Force Base . It was while here that he became involved in the high - speed rocket sled experiments ( USAF project MX981 , 1949 ) which led to the coining of Murphy ' s law . Murphy himself was reportedly unhappy with the commonplace interpretation of his law , which is seen as capturing the essential " cussedness " of inanimate objects . Murphy regarded the law as crystallizing a key principle of defensive design , in which one should always assume worst - case scenarios . Murphy was said by his son to have regarded the many jocular versions of the law as " ridiculous , trivial and erroneous . " His attempts to have the law taken more seriously were unsuccessful . In 1952 , having resigned from the United States Air Force , Murphy carried out a series of rocket acceleration tests at Holloman Air Force Base , then returned to California to pursue a career in aircraft cockpit design for a series of private contractors . He worked on crew escape systems for some of the most famous experimental aircraft of the 20th century , including the F - 4 Phantom II , the XB - 70 Valkyrie , the SR - 71 Blackbird , the B - 1 Lancer , and the X - 15 rocket plane . During the 1960s , he worked on safety and life support systems for Project Apollo , and ended his career with work on pilot safety and computerized operation systems on the Apache helicopter .
T13 Beano Grenade " This page concerns the BEANO T - 13 hand grenade , for other uses , see Beano ( disambiguation ) " The BEANO T - 13 hand grenade was an experimental hand grenade developed by the Office of Strategic Services ( which later became the CIA ) in the latter years of World War II . Concept . The concept for the BEANO hand grenade was that a spherical grenade the size and weight of a common baseball would be effective in the hands of American troops . The designers believed that by emulating a baseball that any American young man should be able to properly throw the grenade with both accuracy and distance . Design . The final design for the T - 13 hand grenade utilized a pressure trigger as well as an in - flight arming device . The grenade was designed to be thrown as a traditional baseball , and as such it was held with two fingers on a weighted and knurled " butterfly cap " and the arming pin was removed . Once thrown , the cap detached from the body of the grenade and a length of nylon string unwound until a secondary arming pin attached to the far end of the cord was pulled , arming the grenade to detonate upon impact with a hard surface . While the original design called for a 5 . 5 oz total weight , it was later decided that this was too light and the weight was increased to 12 oz . Usage . The T - 13 was approved for field use , and several thousand were shipped to Europe . They were reportedly issued in limited quantities during the invasion of Normandy , but is believed to have injured more American soldiers than enemy troops due to premature detonation . Collectability . Due to the timing of its development , and lack of deployment into service the T - 13 remains one of the rarest and most sought after World War II grenades . At the war ' s end , the remaining stock was ordered destroyed and the records classified . While there are T - 13s in existence , they are rare , and command top price in their class .
Combat Information Center A combat information center ( CIC ) , or action information center ( AIC ) is the tactical center of a warship , manned and equipped to collect , present , manage , evaluate and disseminate information for the use of the embarked flag officer , commanding officer , and control agencies . Some control , assistance , and coordination functions may be delegated to the CIC . On aircraft carrier s this area is called the combat direction center ( CDC ) . Illustrations of CIC technology evolution . The following two photos of different CICs , 25 years apart , may to some degree exemplify the evolution of electronics / computer equipment and user interface s used in such installations over that period of time . Modern CIC equipment is built up from many connected embedded system s . External links . US Navy Surface Warfare Officer School - Division Officer Training
VXX VXX is a procurement program to replace aging Marine One helicopters that transport the President of the United States . The current VH - 3 helicopters have aging airframes , having entered service with U . S . Marine Corps " Marine Helicopter Squadron One " ( HMX - 1 ) in 1963 . The VH - 3D replaced the VH - 3A by 1976 . The smaller VH - 60N was ordered beginning in 1989 . In 2002 , it was proposed to replace the current helicopters . The U . S . Department of Defense issued a request for proposals on December 18 , 2003 for the supply of 23 helicopters to replace the 11 VH - 3Ds and 8 VH - 60Ns of USMC HMX - 1 squadron . This requirement was given the designation VXX ( V being the prefix for VIP aircraft and XX representing the then unspecified numerical part of the designation ) . Both AgustaWestland and Sikorsky responded to the RFP . Sikorsky proposed the VH - 92 , a variant of the H - 92 Superhawk . On January 28 , 2005 the Department of Defense announced that it had selected the US101 for the VXX program . The US101 team was awarded a US $ 1 . 7 billion contract for the VXX system development and demonstration ( SDD ) phase . The Lockheed Martin and AgustaWestland AW101 - based US101 bid was given the military designation VH - 71 Kestrel in mid - 2005 . The replacement cost of the fleet was estimated at $ 6 . 1 billion when the VH - 71 contracts were signed in 2005 . However , by March 2008 the cost of the new 28 helicopter fleet was projected to total $ 11 . 2 billion , or roughly $ 400 million per helicopter . Political controversy began in February 2009 amid calls for fiscal restraint , and , as a result , President Barack Obama announced that he had instructed Defense Secretary Robert Gates to review the helicopter situation and on 6 April 2009 , Gates announced the ending of VH - 71 funding , after 9 aircraft had already been built at a cost of about 600 million dollars each . In February 2010 , the navy issued a request for information to the aviation industry . Responses will be used to restart the VXX contest . In April 2010 , Sikorsky and Lockheed Martin announced they would team in offering the VH - 92 . In June , Boeing announced it is considering a US - built licensed version of the AgustaWestland AW101 , on which the VH - 71 was based . Boeing is also considering the Bell - Boeing V - 22 Osprey and Boeing CH - 47 Chinook for the presidential VXX program . Whichever platform is picked will be expected to be delivered between 2017 and 2023 . On November 23 , 2012 , Naval Air Systems Command released a draft request for proposals for a new VXX program . The new requirements lowered the number of people the helicopter had to carry , shortened its range , and simplifying its communications . By mid - 2013 , Boeing , Bell Helicopter and AgustaWestland declined to take part in the project . Only Sikorsky seemed likely to bid on the VXX contract .