naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Short Mark 7 torpedo The Short Mark 7 torpedo was a variant of the Bliss - Leavitt Mark 7 torpedo developed by the Washington Navy Yard in order to fit certain submarine torpedo tubes in 1917 . The Short Mark 7 , also designated Torpedo Type D , had an air flask that was shortened and a reduced warhead weight . The fuel and water tanks were relocated to obtain more air flask capacity ; the fuel tank was mounted in the aft air flask bulkhead , while the water tanks were mounted in the after - body . The overall weight of the warshot torpedo was 590 pounds lighter and 58 inches shorter than the Mark 7 . The air , fuel and water capacities were approximately one - third of the capacities found on the full - size Mark 7 . This torpedo was never produced in quantity .
John Nicholls ( RAF officer ) Air Marshal Sir John Moreton Nicholls KCB , CBE , DFC , AFC ( 5 July 1926 – 17 May 2007 ) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force . RAF career . Educated at the Liverpool Collegiate School and St Edmund Hall , Oxford , Nicholls joined the Royal Air Force in June 1945 and served as a pilot during the later stages of World War II . During the Korean War he was seconded to the United States Air Force where he saw active service as a pilot and shot down a MiG 15 . In 1959 he was seconded to English Electric to test fly the new supersonic Lightning . He was appointed Officer Commanding the Air Fighting Development Squadron in 1962 , Deputy Director of Air Staff Briefing in 1965 and Station Commander at RAF Leuchars in 1967 . He went on to be Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters No . 11 Group in 1971 , Personal Staff Officer to the Chief of the Defence Staff in November 1971 and Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters RAF Strike Command in 1973 . He was then made Assistant Chief of the Air Staff ( Operational Requirements ) in 1976 , Air Member for Supply and Organisation in 1977 and Vice Chief of the Air Staff in 1979 before retiring in 1980 . Family . In 1946 he married Enid Rose ; they had two daughters . Following the death of his first wife , he married Sheelagh Hall in 1977 . References .
Basil Eugster General Sir Basil Oscar Eugster KCB , KCVO , CBE , DSO MC ( 15 August 1914 – 5 April 1984 ) was a Commander in Chief , UK Land Forces . Army career . A British soldier of Swiss descent , Basil Eugster attended Beaumont College . In 1935 he joined the Irish Guards . He served with his Regiment through World War II and fought in the Narvik Campaign in Norway in 1940 . He was Commanding Officer of 3 Bn Irish Guards in 1945 , and again in 1947 , and of 1 Bn Irish Guards from 1951 to 1954 . Eugster served as Commander of 3rd Infantry Brigade in Cyprus from 1959 to 1962 and was then General Officer Commanding 4th Division in Germany from 1963 to 1965 . He went on to become Major - General commanding the Household Brigade and General Officer Commanding London District between 1965 and 1968 and Commander of British Forces in Hong Kong from 1968 to 1970 . He was then General Officer Commanding Southern Command from 1971 to 1972 . He served as the Commander in Chief , UK Land Forces from 1972 to 1974 when he retired . In 1966 , Eugster was awarded the Austrian Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star . Later career . He was Colonel of the Regiment of the Irish Guards until his death in 1984 , aged 69 . References .
RG - 31 Nyala The RG - 31 Nyala is a 4×4 multi - purpose mine - protected armoured personnel carrier ( APC ) manufactured in South Africa by Land Systems OMC , a division of BAE Systems . It is based on the Mamba APC of TFM Industries . The RG - 31 is built from a V - shaped all - steel welded armor monocoque hull and high suspension , typical of South African mine protected vehicles , providing excellent small - arms and mine blast protection . The vehicle is designed to resist a blast equivalent to two TM - 57 anti - tank mines detonating simultaneously . The RG - 31 is classified by the United States Department of Defense as a category 1 Mine Resistant Ambush Protected ( MRAP ) vehicle . The vehicle accommodates a crew of 8 or 10 , including the driver , depending on model . Dismounting is provided via a large rear door and two front doors . The RG - 31 has become the multi - purpose vehicle of choice of the UN and other peacekeeping and security forces . It is finding favour with non - governmental organisations requiring a vehicle with a non - aggressive appearance to protect their personnel against land mine s . Production history . Variants . Variants come in either an Armoured Personnel Carrier ( APC ) or utility vehicle ( Cargo ) configurations .
Siege of Sidon The Siege of Sidon was an event in the aftermath of the First Crusade . The coastal city of Sidon was captured by the forces of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd I of Norway , with assistance from the Ordelafo Faliero , Doge of Venice . Background . In the summer of 1110 a Norwegian fleet of 60 ships arrived in the Levant under the command of King Sigurd . Arriving in Acre he was received by Baldwin I , King of Jerusalem . Together they made a journey to the river Jordan , after which Baldwin asked for help in capturing Muslim - held ports on the coast . Sigurd ' s answer was that " they had come for the purpose of devoting themselves to the service of Christ " , and accompanied him to take the city of Sidon , which had been re - fortified by the Fatimids in 1098 . The siege . Baldwin ' s army besieged the city by land , while the Norwegian came by sea . A naval force was needed to prevent assistance from the Egyptian ( Fatimid ) fleet at Tyre . Repelling it was however only made possible with the fortunate arrival of a Venetian fleet . The city fell after 47 days . The Icelandic skald Einarr Skúlason gives the following account . Aftermath . By order of Baldwin and the Patriarch of Jerusalem , Ghibbelin of Arles , a splinter was taken off the holy cross and given to Sigurd . The Lordship of Sidon was created and given to Eustace Grenier , later a constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem .
Simon Mayall Lieutenant General Simon Vincent Mayall , CB , is Middle East Adviser at the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence . Early life . Mayall studied Modern History at Balliol College , Oxford , graduating with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) in 1979 . Military career . Mayall was commissioned into the 15th / 19th The King ' s Royal Hussars in 1979 . From 1985 to 1988 he was seconded to the Sultan of Oman ' s Land Forces . He was operations officer for 1st Armoured Division in the first Gulf War . After that he completed a Defence Fellowship at St Antony ' s College , Oxford studying Turkish security policy . He then became Commanding Officer of 1st The Queen ' s Dragoon Guards in 1997 in which capacity he was deployed to the British Army Training Unit Suffield and to Northern Ireland . In 2001 Mayall became Commander of 1st Mechanised Brigade which was subsequently deployed to Kosovo . He was the Deputy Commanding General of the Multi - National Corps – Iraq in late 2006 and early 2007 . He was appointed Assistant Chief of the General Staff in January 2007 and in 2009 became Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff ( Operations ) . He was made Middle East Adviser at the Ministry of Defence in May 2011 . Mayall was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in the 2010 New Year Honours .
1st Cavalry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 1st Cavalry Brigade was a brigade of the British Army . It served in the Napoleonic Wars ( 1st Household Cavalry Brigade ) , the Anglo - Egyptian War ( 1st ( Heavy ) Cavalry Brigade ) , the Boer War and in the First World War when it was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division . The brigade was a pre - war formation based at Aldershot in England and originally consisted of three cavalry regiments , and an Royal Engineer signal troop . After the declaration of war in August 1914 , the brigade was deployed to the Western Front in France , where an artillery battery joined the brigade the following September and a Machine Gun Squadron in February 1916 . One of the brigades first battles was the Action at Néry ( 1 September 1914 ) , when acting alone the brigade defeated the German 4th Cavalry Division . During this action three men from the artillery battery Captain Edward Bradbury , Sergeant - Major George Dorrell , and Sergeant David Nelson , were all awarded the Victoria Cross . Formation . Napoleonic Wars . Battle of Talavera 1809 Battle of Furentes de Onoro 1811 Battle of Albuera 1811 Battle of Salamanca 1812 Battle of Vitoria 1813 Battle of Waterloo 1815 Boer War . During the Battle of Paardeberg , the brigade commanded :
1989 Sudanese coup d ' état The 1989 Sudanese coup d ' état was a successful coup , led by Col . Omar Hassan al - Bashir , against the government of Prime Minister Sadiq al - Mahdi . History . Background . Sudan had been engaged in a bloody civil war since 1983 , with hundreds of thousands dead due to famine . Tension had been building in the country prior to the coup between the army and the Prime Minister over both the war and the poor state of the economy . In February 1989 a group of Sudanese Army officers had presented an ultimatum to the Prime Minister asking for either an end to the civil war or to give the military the means to end the war , resulting in a government effort to try and resolve the conflict . It was also alleged that the coup was spurred by Prime Minister Sadiq al - Mahdi ' s decision on 18 June 1989 to arrest a group of 14 military officials and 50 civilians accused of being engaged in a plan to overthrow the government by means of a coup and restore former President Gaafar al - Nimeiry to power . Coup . On 30 June 1989 , military officers under then Col . Omar Hassan al - Bashir , with National Islamic Front ( NIF ) instigation and support , replaced the Sadiq al - Mahdi government with the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation ( RCC ) , claiming to be saving the country from the " rotten political parties . " The new military junta consisted of 15 military officers ( reduced to 12 in 1991 ) assisted by a civilian cabinet . General al - Bashir became president , chief of state , prime minister , and chief of the armed forces . The new RCC al - Bashir military government banned trade unions , political parties , and other " non - religious " institutions . 78 , 000 members of the army , police , and civil administration were purged in order to reshape the government .
Fort Herkimer Fort Herkimer was a fort located on the southern side of the Mohawk River , opposite West Canada Creek , in central New York , United States . The fort was first built in 1740 , around the homestead of the Herscheimer ( Herkimer ) family . In 1757 during the Seven Years War , young Captain Nicholas Herkimer ( later to be a heroic general in the Revolutionary War ) had his first military command here when the French attacked German Flatts in 1757 and 1758 . It has originally known as Fort " Kaouri " ( Fort Bear ) . During the American Revolutionary War , the fort was rebuilt as a defensive stone stockade around the Fort Herkimer Church . A joint British and Onondaga force attacked German Flatts and the forts on each side of the river in 1778 . Both the old and new forts were destroyed during expansion of the Erie Canal in 1840 , as their stones were used for its construction . The Fort Herkimer Church still stands today . The church belongs to the regional Montgomery Classis of the Reformed Church in America . The former site of Fort Herkimer is located in the current town of German Flatts , on the south side of the Mohawk River in Herkimer County , New York . Fort Herkimer is sometimes confused with nearby Fort Dayton , around which the Village of Herkimer was built .
Battle of the Florida Mountains The Battle of the Florida Mountains was an action of the Apache Wars . Forces involved were Chiricahua Apache warrior s and mounted Confederate States militia . The battle occurred in a pass of the Florida Mountains within Confederate Arizona , now southwestern New Mexico . The exact date of the engagement is unknown . Background . Mangas Coloradas , Chief of the Gila River Apaches , fought Confederate soldiers throughout Arizona ' s rebellious period . The Arizona Guards , a force of Confederate militia , recruited in Traditional Arizona , were in action almost immediately after their induction into service on August 1 , 1861 . In early August , a group of Arizonans known as the Ake Party were traveling from the Tucson region to the western shores of the Rio Grande near Mesilla . Most of them had left their town of Tubac after the siege of their old presidio . By mid - August they had nearly made it to the river when they were ambush ed by a force of Apache warrior s . This engagement became known as the Battle of Cookes Canyon . Word of the engagement and the plunder of hundreds of heads of livestock led to the Arizona Guards ' involvement in this Apache campaign . Battle . As soon as Thomas J . Mastin , captain of the Arizona Guards , received the Ake Party ' s distress call , he realized that a nighttime pursuit would likely lead to an ambush of the pursuers . Captain Mastin ordered the pursuit to begin the next morning . Mastin did not head for Cook Canyon , however , as he had a hunch as to where the Apaches were headed with their stolen property . Instead , he ordered the militia to proceed to the passes over the Florida Mountains , near the Mexican border . Mastin knew that the Apaches could not travel very fast with stolen livestock . The captain and thirty - five of his men arrived at the base of the mountains early the next day . There they settled themselves in the foothill s and awaited the fleeing Apaches . Mastin ' s hunch had paid off . The Arizona Guards occupied their new post in the Florida Mountains for only a short time when their picket s reported the approach of the native warriors . The Arizonans charged the Apaches as they entered the pass , and a running fight ensued . The Apaches were routed , and much of the livestock was recaptured . As many as eight of the Apaches were killed , with no loss to the Confederate forces . The Arizona Guards pursued the Apaches back to Cooke ' s Canyon , where they attempted to regroup . A small skirmish was fought with no casualties inflicted to either side . The Apaches retreated to their usual strongholds in northern Mexico . Aftermath . Governor John R . Baylor heard of the Arizona Guard ' s victory in the Florida Mountains , however the success was overshadowed by two defeats at the hands of Mescalero Apaches within ten days of the Florida Mountains battle . These engagements occurred at and near Fort Davis , Texas , so Baylor ' s men were not involved in the fighting . Captain Mastin would go on to lead the Arizona Guards to victory at the Battle of Pinos Altos , where he was mortally wounded .
Aden Brigade The Aden Brigade was a formation of the British Indian Army formed after 1903 and the Kitchener Reforms . It was commanded by Major General Bell . In August 1914 , Connelly writes that the British force in Aden consisted of only two battalions , one British and the other Indian , and a cavalry troop ' barely 100 strong ' under the control of the Political Resident , Aden . On the outbreak of war , the British battalion , 1st Battalion , Royal Irish Rifles , was recalled to Britain , leaving the defences weak . Other units claimed as part of the brigade during the First World War included the 109th Infantry , and the 61st , 70th , and 76th Batteries Royal Garrison Artillery . The British Army also formed an Aden Brigade to deal with the Aden Emergency in the 1960s .
Lorengau Airfield Lorengau Airfield was an airfield located at Lorengau on the north coast of Manus Island . History . An airfield built to service the missions near Lorengau . Extended by the Imperial Japanese during World War II . Consisted of a single grassed runway long x wide . A number of revetment s were constructed at the southern end of the runway . After the liberation of the airfield , by the 8th Cavalry Regiment during the Battle of Manus , which was part of the Admiralty Islands campaign , the airfield was not developed further . Post war . The airfield was abandoned after the war . The town of Lorengau was extended to the west of the jetty on Seeadler Harbour after the war , built on the cleared area of the airfield . The major road alignments follow the edges of the airfield .
British Expedition to Ceylon In 1803 British forces attacked inland on Ceylon , taking Kandy in February 1803 but then losing it to counterattacking Sinhalese forces in June 1803 . In 1804 British forces on Ceylon again took Kandy but were forced to evacuate the city later same year .
62 Res CIS Company The 62 Reserve Field Communication and Information Services Company is an Irish Reserve Defence Forces Company of the Communication and Information Services Corps . Unit heritage . The Emergency . 62 Reserve Field Communication & Information Services Company can trace its origin to 27 Parnell Square , Dublin in 1940 as the 11 Field Communications Battalion Local Defence Forces ( LDF ) under the command of Capt . M . Egan . It comprised a Headquarters ( HQ ) Company and seven other Companies . The unit was equipped with Field Telephone Exchanges , Signal Lamps and D . 3 cable . Training parades involved the use of this equipment in the field . On 31 March 1946 the LDF was disbanded and 596 members were awarded with the ' Emergency ' service medal . The Battalion Penant was handed over to the Permanent Defence Forces ( PDF ) in Clancy Barracks for safe keeping . An Forsa Cosanta Áitiúil ( FCA ) . An Forsa Cosanta Áitiúil ( FCA ) was founded on the first day of April 1946 and the unit reformed as a Field Signal Company under the command of Capt . P . Walsh FCA . 11 Field Signal Company FCA consisted of 44 members in 4 platoons based in Collins Barracks , Dublin . The unit was integrated into the 6 Infantry Brigade and came under the command of Comdt . J . Newman . The Troubles . 11 Field Signals helped with refugees from Northern Ireland at the start of the troubles and completed a stint on the border . Re - organisation . With the reorganisation of the Permanent Defence Forces ( PDF ) and the formation of the Communication and Information Services Corps from the old Signal Corps and Information Technology group the 11 Field Signal Company was re - established as the 11 Field Communication and Information Services Company ( 11 Field CIS Coy ) Reserve Defence Forces ( RDF ) . 11 Field Communication and Information Services Company FCA was re - established as the 62 Reserve Field Communication and Information Services Company on the establishment of the Reserve Defence Forces from the An Forsa Cosanta Áitiúil ( FCA ) . Locations and operations . The unit is based in Dublin : The Unit Headquarters is based in Cathal Brugha Barracks .
3rd Royal Tank Regiment The 3rd Royal Tank Regiment ( 3 RTR ) was an armoured regiment of the British Army until 1992 . It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment , itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps . It originally saw action as C Battalion , Tank Corps in 1917 . History . In 1939 it was retitled from " 3rd Royal Tank Corps " . In 1940 , it was preparing to go to France as part of 1st Armoured Division when it was diverted at short notice to Calais . It fought during the four - day Siege of Calais . All its tanks were lost , and many personnel killed or taken prisoner , but some escaped to Dunkirk or were evacuated from Calais before the port fell . The unit was subsequently rebuilt in the UK as part of 3rd Armoured Brigade , its original parent formation . Shipped to the Middle East , it was part of the British 1st Armoured Brigade when it was sent to defend Greece to try to stem the German invasion in 1941 . From May to mid November 1941 , there was a period of reorganization in Egypt . During this time , substantial reinforcements of both men and tanks ( mostly American M3 Stuart s ) were received to replace the losses incurred in Greece . From the 17th of November until the end of the year , 3 RTR took part in Operation Crusader . In 1942 , it briefly amalgamated with the 5th Royal Tank Regiment , as the 3rd / 5th Royal Tank Regiment , returning to its previous title a month later . It formed part of 8th Armoured Brigade , fighting at El Alamein , and in Tunisia . It later joined 29th Armoured Brigade and fought in Normandy , Holland and Germany as part of 11th Armoured Division . During the Battle of Bulge , it was sent to form part of the defensive line on the Meuse river . Its tanks met the vanguard of the German push to the river before the panzers were turned back . In 1959 , it amalgamated with the 6th Royal Tank Regiment without change of title . In the summer of 1989 the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment was deployed to Northern Ireland in an infantry role , the first armoured regiment to do so for many years In 1992 , it amalgamated with the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment .
1st Division ( Colombia ) The 1st Division ( ) is a Colombian National Army division consisting on two brigades ; The 2nd Brigade based in the city of Barranquilla and the 10th Armored Brigade based in the city of Valledupar . Its current commander is general Juan Bautista Yepez Bedoya , an infantry officer . Units . Headquarters . 1st Division Headquarters are located in the city of Santa Marta .
Forças Armadas de Cabinda The Forças Armadas de Cabinda ( FAC ) or Armed Forces of Cabinda is the armed wing of the political Cabindan nationalist group Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda ( FLEC , " Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda " ) . The goal of the FAC is the independence of the enclave of Cabinda from the occupation of Angola . Founded in 1969 , the FAC bases its claim for Cabindan independence on the fact that Cabinda is geographically discontiguous from Angola . Still today the FLEC - FAC army , constituted by civilian volunteer rebels , fights towards the independence of Cabinda , against the MPLA forces . The FAC contents that colonial Portuguese documents prove that Cabinda is not part of Angola ' s administrative borders .
USNS Prevail ( IX - 537 ) USNS " Prevail " ( IX 537 ) is a modified Stalwart class Auxiliary General Ocean Surveillance Ship ( AGOS ) of the United States Navy previously operated by the U . S . Military Sealift Command as T - AGOS 8 . Prevail was reclassified as an " Unclassified Miscellaneous " ( IX ) ship in October , 2003 and is unofficially referred to as TSV - 1 . In this context , TSV stands for Training Support Vessel , and should not be confused with the U . S . Army ' s USAV Spearhead Theater Support Vessel initiative . Prevail is currently assigned to Commander Strike Force Training Atlantic and is operated with a minimal , hybrid crew of civil service and contract mariners . The ship provides a dedicated training support for Strike Group training for U . S . Atlantic Fleet ships , including serving as a platform for training Visit , Board , Search , and Seizure ( VBSS ) operations . Stalwart class ships were originally designed to collect underwater acoustical data in support of Cold War anti - submarine warfare operations in the 1980s .
652d Bombardment Squadron The 652d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with VIII Fighter Command , based at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 19 December 1945 . History . Operations . Weather reconnaissance in ETO , 10 August 1944 – 26 September 1945 .
HMS Chatham ( 1691 ) HMS " Chatham " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 20 October 1691 at Chatham Dockyard . In 1705 she captured the French 60 - gun Third Rate " Auguste " built in Brest in 1704 . The British took her into service as " Auguste " . She underwent a rebuild according to the 1719 Establishment at Deptford in 1721 . " Chatham " served until 1749 , when she was sunk as a breakwater .