naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve ( ESGR ) is the lead Defense Department agency promoting cooperation and understanding between civilian employers and their National Guard and Reserve employees . Established in 1972 , ESGR operates within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs . The agency ’ s responsibilities fall into three categories : Increasing awareness of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act , recognizing outstanding support of employers for their Guard and Reserve employees , and resolving workplace conflict through mediation . Statement of Support . The Statement of Support program is the cornerstone of ESGR ’ s efforts to gain and maintain employer support . The program aims to develop employers into advocates for employee participation in the military . Employers who sign the statement make three commitments : 1 . To recognize , honor and enforce the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act ; 2 . To provide their leadership with the resources necessary to effectively manage Guard and Reserve employees ; 3 . To continually recognize and support service members and their families in peace , crisis and war . The Chairman of the Board of General Motors signed the first Statement of Support on December 13 , 1972 . Since then , thousands of employers — ranging from Chrysler to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma — have followed suit , as did every cabinet secretary and federal agency in 2005 . Awards . To recognize employers for policies and practices that facilitate employee participation in the Guard and Reserve , ESGR initiated the following awards : Ombudsman Services Program . ESGR ’ s primary means for mediating workplace conflict is its Ombudsman Services Program . This national network consists of more than 900 volunteers within 56 field committees throughout the United States , Guam , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands . While each ombudsman receives extensive training on USERRA and dispute - resolution techniques , ombudsmen do not offer legal counsel or advice . Instead , they serve as an informal , neutral and free resource . In 2008 , ESGR ombudsmen successfully mediated over 70 percent of their 2 , 664 cases . If an ESGR ombudsman is unable to facilitate a resolution , parties have the option to seek private counsel and / or a formal investigation through the Department of Labor ’ s Veterans ' Employment and Training Service , the Office of Special Counsel , or the Department of Justice .
Foreign Military Studies Office The Foreign Military Studies Office , or FMSO , is a research and analysis center for the United States Army that is part of the United States Army Combined Arms Center at Fort Leavenworth . It manages the Joint Reserve Intelligence Center there . Mission . The main purpose of FMSO is to conduct analysis relating to foreign military and security studies based upon open source research . FMSO ' s publications are available on its web site , and its researchers publish in many professional military and academic journals , where their products can be assessed in the market place of ideas . Originally created by LTG William Richardson , TRADOC Commander , as the Soviet Army Studies Office in 1986 , SASO ' s first director was Dr . Bruce Menning . A primary area of focus was the development of operational art in the Soviet Union . Colonel David Glantz , a well - known author on the Soviet military experience in the Second World War , became its second director . FMSO was staffed by US Army foreign area officer s and civilian scholars . With the end of the Cold War SASO became FMSO in 1991 and its focus initially broadened to Central and Eastern Europe . FMSO was actively involved in research on the end of the Cold War , the challenge of ethno - nationalism to Post - Cold War Europe , and relevant foreign military experience , such as the Soviet - Afghan War and the Wars in Chechnya . FMSO developed a research programs on Latin American military affairs , Chinese military studies , and Eurasian military studies . In the post - Cold War era FMSO did address problems of asymmetric warfare . In the last decade it has also addressed the problem of integrating cultural insights into COIN and played a key role in the initial development of the Human Terrain System , and is an active partner of the controversial cultural geography mapping project called México Indígena . Operation Iraqi Freedom Documents . Through the site , the US government made publicly available the Operation Iraqi Freedom Documents - some 55 , 000 boxes of documents , audiotapes and videotapes relating to the government of Saddam Hussein , seized during the Iraq invasion in 2003 for the purposes of Document Exploitation ( DOCEX ) . However , in early November 2006 , the entire set of documents was apparently removed . Media reports stated that the website was taken offline because the documents included sophisticated diagrams and other information detailing nuclear weapon design that could be useful to anyone wishing to construct a nuclear weapon .
Interdynamics MKR The Interdynamics MKR was a Swedish prototype assault rifle developed in the 1980s . Design . The Interdynamics MKR was originally designed using a 4 . 5x26mm Rimfire round using solid brass bullets . Its purpose was to provide a flat ballistic trajectory along with armor piercing capabilities with low recoil for the user to handle , even when fired fully automatically . Another interesting feature about the weapon is that it was bullpup in design , which means that the magazine is located behind the trigger , and also utilized the blowback system of operation . The bullpup design was a significant tactical advantage because it increased the firearm ' s compactness and allowed for a smaller , lighter and more efficient firearm . Ammunition . An additional part of the concept was for it to use a low cost ammunition type . The 4 . 5x26mm MKR round was claimed to be ballistically as effective at 300 meters as the 5 . 56x45mm NATO round . The weapon never proceeded beyond prototype stages .
Frederick Francis Maude General Sir Frederick Francis Maude VC GCB ( 20 December 1821 – 20 June 1897 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Personal life . He was born in Lisnadill , County Armagh , son of the Rt . Hon . Robert Eustace Maude . He married Catherine Mary Bisshopp , daughter of Very Rev . Sir George Bisshopp , 9th Baronet of Parham Sussex ( created July 1620 ) , on 22 February 1853 . The couple had five children He is also the cousin of Colonel F . C . Maude , VC Victoria Cross . He was 33 years old , and a Brevet Lieutenant Colonel in the 3rd Regiment of Foot ( later The Buffs ( East Kent Regiment ) ) , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 5 September 1855 at Sebastopol , Crimea , Lieutenant Colonel Maude was in charge of the covering and ladder party of the 2nd Division in the assault on the Redan . He held a position with only nine or ten men and did not retire until all hope of support was at an end and he himself was dangerously wounded . Later life . Maude served in the Peshawar Field Force and became General Sir Frederick Francis Maude VC GCB . He died Torquay , Devon 20 June 1897 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery , London .
British M - class submarine The British Royal Navy M - class submarines were a small class of diesel - electric submarine s built during World War I . The unique feature of the class design was a 12 - inch ( 305 mm ) gun mounted in a turret forward of the conning tower . Due to the limitations imposed on submarine armament by the Washington Naval Conference , " M2 " and " M3 " had their guns removed . " M2 " was converted to carry a small seaplane and " M3 " was made into a minelayer . Background . They were ordered in place of the last four of the first group of steam - propelled K - class fleet submarines , " K17 " - " K21 " , the original orders being cancelled . They were initially intended as coastal bombardment vessels , submarine monitors , but their role had been changed before detailed design begun . The intention was that merchant ships could be engaged at periscope depth or on the surface using the gun , rather than torpedoes . At that time torpedoes were considered ineffective against moving warships at more than 1 , 000 yards ( 900 m ) . Design . The guns were 12 - inch ( 305 mm ) 40 calibre Mark IX guns from spares for the " Formidable " - class battleship s . The mounting allowed them to elevate by 20 degrees , depress 5 degrees and train 15 degrees in either direction from the centre line . The weapon was normally fired from periscope depth using a simple bead sight on the end of the gun aligned with the target through the periscope at a range of around 1200 metres . The exposure time of the gun above the surface was around 75 seconds . The submarine had to surface to reload the gun , which would take about 3 minutes . In practice the concept was not very successful and only three of the four M - class boats ordered were completed , all between 1917 and 1918 . M - class submarines are sometimes called submarine monitors . " M1 " and " M2 " also had four 18 - inch ( 450 - mm ) torpedo tubes whilst " M3 " and " M4 " had 21 - inch ( 533 mm ) diameter tubes and were 3 metres longer to accommodate them . Service . In 1924 all three completed members of the class were used to test hull camouflage to reduce the visibility of submarines from aircraft — " M1 " was painted grey - green , " M2 " dark grey and " M3 " was painted dark blue .
Guerra a muerte Guerra a muerte ( lit . English : " War until the death " ) is a term coined by Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna and used in Chilean historiography to describe the irregular , no - quarter warfare that broke out from 1819 to 1821 during the Chilean War of Independence . After the royalists had been expelled from all cities and ports north of the Bio - Bio River , Vicente Benavides organized royalist resistance in La Frontera with the aid of Mapuche chiefs . The aid of the Mapuches was vital to the royalists since they had lost control of all cities and ports north of Valdivia . Most Mapuches valued the treaties they had with the Spanish authorities , however many other Mapuches regarded the matter with indifference and played both sides against each other . The Pincheira brothers , a future outlaw group , served Benavides in the Guerra a muerte by defending the Cordillera .
CSS Webb CSS " Webb " , a 655 - ton side - wheel steam ram , was originally built in New York City in 1856 as the civilian steamship " William H . Webb " . She received a Confederate privateer ' s commission at New Orleans in May 1861 , but was instead employed as a transport until January 1862 . Converted to a " cotton clad " ram by the Confederate Army , " Webb " thereafter served on the Mississippi and Red rivers . On February 24 , 1863 , she participated in the sinking of the Federal ironclad . " Webb " was transferred to the Confederate Navy in early 1865 . On April 23 – 24 , 1865 , she broke through the Federal blockade at the mouth of the Red River , Louisiana , and made a dramatic run down the Mississippi toward the Gulf of Mexico . After passing New Orleans , she was cornered by United States Navy ships , run ashore and destroyed by her crew .
Archimède The bathyscaphe Archimède is a deep diving research submersible of the French Navy . It used of hexane as the gasoline buoyancy of its float . It was designed by Pierre Willm and Georges Houot . Archimede was the first vehicle to reach the deepest part of the Atlantic , down into the Puerto Rico Trench . " Archimede " was christened on 27 July 1961 , at the French Navy base of Toulon . It was designed to go beyond , and weighed 61 tons . In October 1961 , " Archimede " passed its first dive tests , diving to unmanned . On 27 November 1961 , " Archimede " achieved a speed of 3knots , over a distance of at a depth of in the Mediterranean . On 23 May 1962 , " Archimede " descended to off Honshu , Japan , in the Pacific , at the Japan Deep . On 15 July 1962 , " Archimede " descended to into the Kurile - Kamchatcha Trench , making it the second deepest dive ever , at that point in time , second only to the Bathyscaphe Trieste dive on the Challenger Deep . On 12 August 1962 , " Archimede " descended to in the Japan Deep south of Tokyo . " Archimede " explored the Mid - Atlantic Ridge jointly with the submarine " Cyana " and submersible " DSV Alvin " , in " Project F . A . M . O . U . S . " ( French American Mid Ocean Underwater Survey ) in 1974 . " Archimede " operated until the 1970s . As of 2008 , it is on operational reserve , at Toulon . The " Archimede " was honoured with a stamp in Palau .
Dhamial Army Airbase Dhamial Army Airbase is an Pakistan Army airbase and is located in southern Rawalpindi , Pakistan . It is also commonly referred by the locals as " Dhamial Camp " or " Qasim Base " . It was built a few kilometers outside Rawalpindi city , but due to Urban Sprawl , it is now surrounded by major colonies like the armed forces colonies : Askari IIIX . Dhaimal is one of the main base of Pakistan Army aviation . It is frequently used for landing small aircraft and helicopter . However , it cannot be used for private passengers .
AN / TPS - 58 AN / TPS - 58 Moving - Target - Locating Radar ( MTLR ) is a vehicle - mounted radar set used by the United States Army for general surveillance and artillery burst detection . The AN / TPS - 58 weighs 3 , 500 pounds and utilizes a truncated parabolic reflector ( 65 × 52 cm ) antenna . The accuracy of the AN / TPS - 58 is 50m with a detection range 12 km for personnel or 20 km for vehicles . The mission of the AN / TPS - 58 MTLR is to detect , locate , and identify moving ground targets with sufficient accuracy for attack by friendly weapon systems . The radar also can vector friendly patrols to specified areas . The MTLRs are usually employed by division artillery in general support of the division and are therefore seldom directly controlled by cannon battalions . However , they may be attached to battalions for support only , such as security , survey , and Classes I and II . The appointed depot for the AN / TPS - 58B radars is Sacramento Army Depot .
Carl Langemeyer Dr . med . habil . Carl Langemeyer ( 6 August 1907 – 25 July 1982 ) was a highly decorated Oberstabsarzt in the Fallschirmjäger during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Awards and decorations . The details of his service records are no longer available . Langermeyer , who had served as an officer of the military reserve force in the Bundeswehr ( " Oberfeldarzt " ) , had his personal file destroyed in 1967 .
Donald Hudson ( aviator ) Lieutenant Donald Hudson ( 21 December 1895 - 11 June 1967 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . Postwar , he pioneered aviation in Bolivia . World War I service . Hudson served with the 27th Aero Squadron for the last year of the war , as he reported there as a Nieuport 28 pilot in November 1917 . He did not score a victory until 2 July , when he teamed with John MacArthur and four other pilots to destroy a pair of Fokker D . VII s . Hudson then changed to a Spad XIII as the squadron re - equipped . On 1 August , he became an ace , scoring three victories during a protection patrol with the help of Jerry Vasconcells and a couple of other pilots . The action won him a DSC . His final victory was chalked up on 6 October 1918 . South American aviation pioneer . Postwar , Hudson became an instructor with the Bolivian Air Force . During his stay in South America , he was credited as being the first to overfly the Andes Mountains . The President and Secretary of the Interior of Bolivia , José Gutiérrez Guerra and Doctor Julio Zamora , contracted for a specially built Curtiss 18T Wasp ; they may have been introduced to Hudson during this transaction . At any rate , Hudson , his bride , and two mechanics accompanied the disassembled Wasp triplane when it arrived in La Paz via railroad from Chile on 20 December 1919 . Hudson was ranked as a lieutenant colonel and hired as chief pilot of the newly established " Escuela de Aviación " . Hudson began a series of record - setting flights ; for instance , his use of the Wasp made him the only triplane pilot in South American history . On 17 April 1920 , he took off from El Alto near La Paz and flew across the Andes for the mountain chain ' s first aerial crossing . Another flight took him to Lake Titicaca and set a South American altitude record of 8 , 294 meters ( 27 , 211 feet ) above sea level . Another high level flight like that , on 19 May , resulted in Hudson landing the Wasp with a mechanic passenger rendered unconscious by cold and the altitude . On a flight between Oruro and La Paz , Hudson crashed the Wasp near Sicasia . The destruction of the plane seems to have ended his influence , as he was then investigated by Bolivian authorities . Military honors and awards . Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Donald Hudson , First Lieutenant ( Air Service ) , U . S . Army , for extraordinary heroism in action near Fere - en - Tardenois , France , August 1 , 1918 . A protection patrol of which Lieutenant Hudson was a member was attacked by a large formation of enemy planes . First Lieutenant Hudson was separated from the formation and forced to a low altitude by four enemy planes ( Fokker type ) . He shot down one , drove off the other three , and started to our lines with a damaged machine , but was attacked by two planes . He shot down both of these planes and , by great perseverance and determination , succeeded in reaching our lines .
14th Air Defence Artillery Regiment ( Belgium ) The 14th Air Defence Artillery Regiment ( ) is an air defence artillery regiment in the Land Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . It is the successor of the 14th Regiment of Artillery . Organisation . The 14th Air Defence Regiment comprises two Mistral batteries , the 43rd Battery and the 35th Battery , which each consist of three platoon s . In turn , each platoon consists of six Mistral groups , which means that there are 36 Mistral groups in the regiment .
Second line yeomanry regiments of the British Army Yeomanry are part of the reserve for the British Army . At the start of First World War there were fifty - four yeomanry regiments in the British Army . Soon after the declaration of war , it was decided to increase the number of regiments . These new regiments were mirror formations , of the existing first line regiments , with the same name and served initially in the same brigades . However they were all numbered the second . The first line regiments , were numbered the 1 / 1st while the second line became the 2 / 1st or in cases where there were more regiments with the same name , or already numbered , the 2 / 2nd or 2 / 3rd . Territorial Force mounted brigades were known by their district name until August 1915 , when the became numbered . For the majority of their existence the second line regiments and brigades were used as a coastal defence force . Most of the second line regiments were converted to cyclist battalions in 1916 , and never served in a recognised theatre of war . Several were disbanded and its men transferred to other regiments and one served as an army corps cavalry regiment on the Western Front .
CSS Georgia ( battery ) CSS Georgia , also known as " State of Georgia " and " Ladies ' Ram " , was built in Savannah , Georgia in 1862 and was originally designed to be an ironclad gunboat . Funding in the amount of $ 115 , 000 for her construction was provided by the Ladies ' Gunboat Association . Placed under command of Lieutenant Washington Gwathmey , CSN , she was employed in defending the river channels below Savannah , training her batteries against the Union advance . It is believed she lacked effective locomotive power for offensive engagement and was subsequently anchored in the Savannah River , protecting both Savannah and Fort Jackson as a " Floating Battery " rather than her intended design as a gunboat . The CSS Georgia had only been in operation for 20 months when Sherman ' s March to the Sea ended in Savannah on December 21 , 1864 ; it was on that day the Confederates chose to destroy her rather than abandon the ship for Union use ; in her 20 - month life she never fired one shot . After settling to the bottom of Savannah River , the wreck lay unnoticed for over 100 years ; it was during a dredging operation in 1968 that the wreck site was found . As dredging continued over the years , the site was avoided ; however possible accidental impacts from dredging equipment and anchors intended to mark site location may have damaged the ship . Today all that remains are a portion of the forward and aft casemate , along with remnants of the ship ' s engines including boilers , shafts , propellers , and condensers . Several cannon were found near the wreck as well , along with assorted ordnance . As of May 2012 , the Army Corp of Engineers at a budgeted cost of $ 14 million is planning to raise the ship to accommodate further dredging of the river .
Thomas W . Wigle Thomas W . Wigle ( May 18 , 1909 – September 16 , 1944 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Wigle joined the Army from Detroit , Michigan , and by September 14 , 1944 was serving as a second lieutenant in Company K , 135th Infantry Regiment , 34th Infantry Division . On that day , in Monte Frassino , Italy , Wigle assumed command of a platoon and led an assault on a heavily fortified German position . He single - handedly attacked three German - held houses before being wounded . He died of his wounds two days later and , on February 7 , 1945 , was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . Wigle , aged 35 at his death , was buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Second Lieutenant Wigle ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty in the vicinity of Monte Frassino , Italy . The 3d Platoon , in attempting to seize a strongly fortified hill position protected by 3 parallel high terraced stone walls , was twice thrown back by the withering crossfire . 2d Lt . Wigle , acting company executive , observing that the platoon was without an officer , volunteered to command it on the next attack . Leading his men up the bare , rocky slopes through intense and concentrated fire , he succeeded in reaching the first of the stone walls . Having himself boosted to the top and perching there in full view of the enemy , he drew and returned their fire while his men helped each other up and over . Following the same method , he successfully negotiated the second . Upon reaching the top of the third wall , he faced 3 houses which were the key point of the enemy defense . Ordering his men to cover him , he made a dash through a hail of machine - pistol fire to reach the nearest house . Firing his carbine as he entered , he drove the enemy before him out of the back door and into the second house . Following closely on the heels of the foe , he drove them from this house into the third where they took refuge in the cellar . When his men rejoined him , they found him mortally wounded on the cellar stairs which he had started to descend to force the surrender of the enemy . His heroic action resulted in the capture of 36 German soldiers and the seizure of the strongpoint .