naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
E23 munition The E23 munition was a cardboard sub - munition developed by the United States biological weapons program for use as an anti - crop weapon . The E23 underwent a conversion for use as a vector weapon and was briefly used in large - scale entomological warfare trial but technical issues forced it from the tests . History . The E23 munition was originally conceived as an anti - crop weapon . When , following the Korean War , U . S . interest in large - scale entomological warfare increased , the E23 was one of two munitions involved in field testing the potential of insect vectors as weapons . Specifications . The E23 was made of cardboard and had a diameter of and a length of . Essentially a cardboard container , the E23 consisted of an internal actuator which simply reversed a plastic bag , expelling its contents . The E23 sub - munition also included a small parachute for use when dropped from the E77 cluster bomb . The weapon was deployed between 2 , 000 and 1 , 000 feet in altitude after its release from the cluster bomb . Once converted for use as a vector weapon the E23 could hold 200 , 000 rat flea s in its interior among small pieces of sponge . Issues . Initially , the E23 was involved in " Operation Big Itch " . In September 1954 Big Itch aimed to determine coverage patterns and survivability of uninfected tropical rat fleas ( " Xenopsylla cheopis " ) for use in biological warfare as disease vector . In preliminary Big Itch tests approximately half of the E23 munitions failed to properly function . In one instance , the problems with the E23 led uninfected fleas to escape into the aircraft where they bit the pilot , bombardier and an observer . These problems led to the E23 being pulled off of Operation Big Itch . Despite the problems with the E23 , the Big Itch field trials ultimately proved successful .
USS Fulton ( 1837 ) USS " Fulton " was a steamer that served the U . S . Navy prior to the American Civil War , and was recommissioned in time to see service in that war . However , her participation was limited to being captured by Confederate forces in the port of Pensacola , Florida , at the outbreak of war . The second ship to be named " Fulton " by the Navy , a side wheel steamer , was launched 18 May 1837 by New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned 13 December 1837 , Captain M . C . Perry in command . She was often called " Fulton II " . Service in the North Atlantic . " Fulton " cruised the Atlantic coast , aiding ships in distress , conducting ordnance experiments , and training officers in gunnery . A major event of her early service came on 23 November 1838 , when she bested the British steamer in a speed contest off New York . Decommissioned at New York 23 November 1842 , " Fulton " lay in ordinary until 1851 , when she was rebuilt and her machinery completely replaced . 1851 rebuild . " Fulton " was essentially a harbor defense ship and was unsuitable for the cruising missions then emphasized by Navy policy . Accordingly , the New York Navy Yard rebuilt her in 1851 as a much more conventional warship . " Fulton " was recommissioned 25 January 1852 for duty in the Home Squadron , and sailed from New York 22 February for the West Indies . During the next six years , aside from necessary repair periods in the yards at Washington , D . C . , Norfolk , Virginia , and Boston , Massachusetts , " Fulton " ranged from the Caribbean to the Gulf of St . Lawrence , transporting Government officials , protecting merchantmen against search on the high seas , and joining in the search for ( January through May 1855 ) and the expedition to Nicaragua in 1857 to break up William Walker ' s filibustering activities . The next year " Fulton " s commanding officer obtained the release of five American merchant ships held at Tampico , Mexico , by revolutionary forces . From October 1858 to May 1859 " Fulton " joined in operations commanded by Commodore W . B . Shubrick during his negotiations to improve relations with Paraguay , sailing the La Plata and the Parana and Paraguay Rivers . After lying out of commission at Norfolk , Virginia , from 7 May 1859 to 30 July 1859 , " Fulton " cruised off Cuba to suppress the slave trade until laid up at Pensacola , Florida , in mid - October 1859 . Civil War capture . Captured by the Confederates when they took the Pensacola yard on 12 January 1861 , " Fulton " was considered for use in the Confederate States Navy , but was never fitted out . She was destroyed in the evacuation of the yard by the Confederates upon Federal reoccupation 10 May 1862 .
John Coward ( Royal Navy officer ) Vice Admiral Sir John Francis Coward ( born 11 October 1937 ) is a former Royal Navy officer who became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies . Naval career . Coward joined the Royal Navy in 1958 . He served in the Falklands War in 1982 as Captain of HMS " Brilliant " . He was appointed Flag Officer Sea Training in 1987 , Flag Officer , First Flotilla in 1988 and Flag Officer Submarines and Commander of the Eastern Atlantic Submarine Area in 1990 . He became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1992 and retired in 1994 . In retirement he became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey .
Sam Salt James Frederick Thomas George " Sam " Salt , CB ( 19 April 1940 – 3 December 2009 ) , was a British Rear - Admiral . He was the Captain of HMS " Sheffield " during the Falklands War . Salt was in command of HMS " Sheffield " on 4 May 1982 when she was struck by an Argentinian Exocet missile and on 10 May 1982 when she finally sank . Despite this , he was subsequently promoted to a number of senior roles in the Royal Navy . He commanded HMS Southampton , was Assistant Chief of Staff ( Operations ) at Northwood and senior Naval representative at the Royal College of Defence Studies . He was actively involved in Operation Desert Storm during the Gulf War and completed his naval career as Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff . After he retired from the Navy he worked in a senior capacity in a number of defence - related export , sales and marketing roles in the private sector . Salt died on 3 December 2009 .
Charles John Melliss Major General Sir Charles John Melliss VC , CB , CMG ( 12 September 1862 – 6 June 1936 ) was a British military officer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Melliss was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . A staff officer in the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I , he was captured after the Siege of Kut . Details of Victoria Cross . Mellis was 38 years old , and a captain in the Indian Staff Corps , Indian Army , attached to the West African Frontier Force during the Third Ashanti Expedition when , on 30 September 1900 at Obassa , Ashanti ( now Ghana ) , Captain Melliss gathered together a party of men and charged into the bush at the head of them , into the thick of the enemy . Although wounded in a hand - to - hand encounter , his bold rush caused panic among the enemy who were at the same time charged by the Sikhs . Melliss later served at the India staff corps , and was promoted Major 10 July 1901 . For the same action that won him the Victoria Cross , he was also awarded the brevet rank of Lieutenant - Colonel on the following day . World War I . Major General Melliss was attached to the 6th ( Poona ) Division of the British Indian Army as it moved into what was then the Ottoman province of Basra in 1914 . In April 1915 , he was instrumental in the British victory at Shaiba . Melliss also fought in the Battle of Ctesiphon , the furthest up the Tigris that the 6th Division would advance . After Ctesiphon , General Townshend , commander of the 6th Division , ordered a retreat back down the Tigris . Ottoman forces pursued the division to Kut - al - Amara , where , on 7 December 1915 , Townshend ordered it to dig in and await relief . Melliss fell ill during the siege ; he was in hospital when Townsend surrendered on 29 April 1916 . Transported upriver to Baghdad by steamship , Melliss remained in hospital and unable to travel as the survivors of the 6th Division were marched north toward Anatolia . When Melliss was well enough to travel , he followed the same route north . As he was a general , Melliss was allowed a traveling party and better than average supplies . Along the way , they encountered dead and dying enlisted men who had fallen behind one of the columns of British and Indian prisoners . Melliss took any survivors he found with him ; at each stop he insisted that the men he had rescued from the desert be put into hospital . Melliss spent his captivity at Broussa in northwestern Anatolia . While there , he repeatedly wrote letters to Enver Pasha detailing the sad state of the enlisted prisoners and demanding better treatment . Most of the British other ranks ( 1 , 755 out of 2 , 592 ) captured at Kut - al - Amara died in captivity . Later life . Melliss is buried at St . Peter ' s Churchyard , Frimley , Surrey , England . His VC is held by Wellington College .
Arthur French , 5th Baron de Freyne Arthur Reginald French , 5th Baron de Freyne ( July 3 , 1879 – May 9 , 1915 ) was English military officer . Biography . He was born in London , to Arthur French of Frenchpark , County Roscommon ( 1855 – 1913 ) , 4th Baron de Freyne , and his wife Lady Laura Octavia Dundas ( died 1881 ) . A graduate of Sandhurst , French served as a lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers from 1899 to 1901 , and then in the Reserve of Officers until 1905 . He incurred the wrath of his father when on November 18 , 1902 , he married Annabelle Angus , the daughter of an innkeeper in Banffshire and the divorced wife of a brother officer , one Captain Alexander , and was cut off . The marriage was childless . Nevertheless , unable to keep himself in the style to which a British officer was accustomed , he resigned his commission . He sailed on the steamship " Umbria " for the United States , where he intended either to join the North - West Mounted Police or to travel to the ranch of his uncle William French in Frenchtown near Cimarron , New Mexico . Landing in New York in mid - January 1905 , French checked into the Hotel St . - Denis at 799 Broadway at 11th . By the 19th he had disappeared from the hotel , leaving his substantial and expensive baggage behind . An uproar began , involving the New York City Police and the British consulate , which was widely reported in the press . In mid - February he was discovered nearby , at Fort Slocum , an island post in Long Island Sound just off New Rochelle . On 24 January he had enlisted as a private in the U . S . Army , and was assigned to A Company , the 8th Infantry Regiment at Slocum , where he had reported 1 February . Known as “ the Dook of Fort Slocum ” , he was popular with the other troops , sponsoring dinners for his colleagues on post by selling his civilian suits . French remained with the regiment when it transferred to the Philippines , where he remained and enlisted several more times , although , contrary to legend , he remained a private throughout his American service . On September 10 , 1913 , his father died , and he inherited the title of Baron de Freyne ; so in Mindanao on October 19 of that year , he purchased his way out of his American enlistment , a common and standard practice from 1890 to 1940 . French rejoined the British Army at the outbreak of the First World War and died on May 9 , 1915 , aged thirty - five , probably at about 16 : 00 hours , in the Battle of Aubers Ridge , fighting alongside his half - brother , the Hon . George Philip French , as a captain in the 3rd Battalion , South Wales Borderers . He is buried in the Cabaret - Rouge British Cemetery , Souchez , Pas - de - Calais , France . He was succeeded as Baron de Freyne by another half - brother , Francis Charles French . His widow died in 1962 .
Commercial refile Commercial refile : In military communications systems , the processing of a message from ( a ) a given military network , such as a tape relay network , a point - to - point telegraph network , a radio - telegraph network , or the DSN to ( b ) a commercial communications network . Commercial refiling of a message will usually require a reformatting of the message , particularly the heading .
USS Halfbeak ( SS - 352 ) USS " Halfbeak " ( SS - 352 ) , a " Balao " - class submarine , was a ship of the United States Navy named for the halfbeak , a gar like fish with a beak formed by an extension of the lower jaw , found in warmer seas . " Halfbeak " was launched 19 February 1946 by the Electric Boat Co . , Groton , Conn . , sponsored by Mrs . William Craig ; and commissioned 22 July 1946 , Commander Evan T . Shepard in command . After shakedown in the Caribbean and along the Latin America n coast to the Canal Zone , Ecuador , and Colombia , " Halfbeak " spent the next 3 years in training operations and fleet exercises out of New London , Conn . , where she was part of SubRon 8 . Entering the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard 12 September 1949 , " Halfbeak " was converted to a GUPPY II type submarine . Fitted with a snorkel to enable her to stay submerged for long periods of time and distinguished by a greatly streamlined superstructure , " Halfbeak " left Portsmouth 13 January 1950 to work with the Research and Development Group at New London . While conducting tests on special underwater sound equipment , she made a cruise to English waters , operating off Jan Mayen Island , in the winter of 1951 . " Halfbeak " was engaged in further Caribbean exercises until 10 November 1954 , when she sailed for her first Mediterranean cruise . Having visited Gibraltar , Naples , Marseilles , Lisbon , and Valencia , Spain , the submarine returned to New London 2 February 1955 . A similar cruise in 1956 was punctuated by the Suez Crisis , and " Halfbeak " remained in the eastern Med operating with the 6th Fleet until January 1957 helping to maintain the peace in that crucial region . Her duties took another turn as 28 July 1958 she departed for the Arctic , where with the nuclear submarine she operated under and around the polar ice pack to gather information in connection with the International Geophysical Year . During these operations , " Skate " sailed under the Arctic ice pack to reach the North Pole 11 August and continued to cruise freely there repeating the visit 6 days later . Local operations and exercises , primarily submarine and fleet maneuvers in the Caribbean but also NATO maneuvers , occupied " Halfbeak " until 1963 , when she resumed her role testing and evaluating sonar and other underwater sound equipment out of New London . " Halfbeak " was awarded the Battle Efficiency " E " for 1966 and 1967 and held the " E " for Submarine Division 102 for 1968 . " Halfbeak " was decommissioned and simultaneously struck from the Naval Register , 1 July 1971 . She was sold for scrapping , 13 July 1972 .
4th Canadian Infantry Brigade The 4th Canadian Infantry Brigade was a brigade of the Canadian Army during the Second World War . History . It was mobilized on 1 September 1939 part of 2nd Canadian Infantry Division , even before the declaration of war , and the battalions were promptly fleshed out by volunteers . However , further expansion of the Brigade was hindered by a temporary halt in recruitment and uncertainty about overseas deployment . Consequently , the brigade headquarters were not actually formed until May and June 1940 . The 2nd Division conducted Operation Jubilee , a large - scale raid on Dieppe , France in August 1942 with the 4th and 6th Canadian Infantry Brigade s , suffering extensive losses in the landing and the ensuing withdrawal . Following reconstruction , the Brigade with 2nd Canadian Division moved to Normandy in time to serve with the British 2nd Army . It then participated in the advance along the Channel coast with the Canadian 1st Army including the liberation of Dieppe . The division saw heavy action in the Netherlands in late 1944 and took part in the final offensives in 1945 . Organization . In 1939 , The Second Division was organized along regional lines , like the 1st Canadian Infantry Division . The order of battle for the 4th Infantry Brigade was as follows Awards . Two members of the Brigade won the Victoria Cross . Rev . John Weir Foote , VC , CD ( 5 May 1904 – 2 May 1988 ) , Regimental Chaplain to The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry ( Wentworth Regiment ) for work with the wounded at the Dieppe Raid . Frederick Albert Tilston acting Major in The Essex Scottish Regiment . During the Battle of the Rhineland , he volunteered to lead an infantry company in an attack on the Hochwald . After leading " C " Company in a 500 yard attack and wounded , he refused to be evacuated while he organized a defence against German counter - attacks .
280th Combat Communications Squadron The Air National Guard ' s 280th Combat Communications Squadron ( 280th CBCS ) is a combat communications unit located at Dothan Regional Airport , Alabama . The 280th CBCS is the only combat communications unit in Air Force Special Operations Command , and provides over 44 % of their deployed communications . Mission . The mission of the 280th Combat Communications Squadron is to provide communications and information systems for Command and Control of United States Special Operations Forces worldwide , as well as respond to State emergencies as directed by the Governor . History . In January 1959 , the 280th CBCS was federally recognized as the 280th Communications Squadron ( Special ) . The first members enlisted in the squadron in March 1959 . In 1967 , members of the 280th Communications Squadron ( Special ) were selected for training in response to then - President Johnson ' s directive to use Army and Air Guard units to maintain domestic order . Those members were appointed to Team 3 of Task Force Foxtrot , which was responsible for riot control . In October 1982 , the unit was redesignated 280th Combat Communications Squadron . The squadron moved to Abston Air National Guard Station in October 1986 , then to Hall Air National Guard Station in April 1996 . In February 1999 , the 280th was integrated into the mission of the Air Force Special Operations Command . In August 2004 , the unit moved to its current location at the Dothan Regional Airport Air National Guard Station . Emblem Description and Significance . On a blue disc . Issuing from lower left a yellow demisphere grid lined black and a yellow satellite in lower left emitting two red dash lines to the sphere ; above the sphere and satellite a gray eagle with wings displayed throughout detailed black olive branches with white berries in his left claw ; all within a narrow yellow border . Blue and yellow are the Air Force colors . Blue alludes to the sky , the primary theater of Air Force operations . Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel . The globe represents the worldwide scope of mobility . The eagle symbolizes strength and keenness of vision . The lightning flashes and olive branches refer to the unit ’ s motto , COMMUNICATIONS FOR PEACE . The satellite reflects the high technology required of the unit in order to perform its mission .
Harold E . Lambert Harold E . Lambert OBE ( 1893 – 1967 ) was a British linguist and anthropologist in Kenya . Born in Pield Heath , raised in Bournemouth , and educated at Queens ' College , Cambridge ( 1912 – 1915 ) , Lambert served as a platoon commander in the Gloucestershire Regiment during World War I , and was wounded at the Battle of the Somme in July 1916 . A year later , the young Lieutenant joined the King ' s African Rifles in Nyassaland in the East African Campaign against the German army in Tanganyika . After his demobilization in 1919 , Lambert remained in East Africa and was appointed assistant District Commissioner on the southern coast of Kenya . During this period , he studied Swahili history and culture , becoming fluent in the language . Gaining indigenous respect and recognition , he became known as " Sheikh Lambert . " His subsequent postings were as District Commissioner in Kiambu , Lamu , Embu , Kenya , Voi , and other places , where he gained an " outstanding " reputation as an administrator known for his " profound " knowledge of indigenous law and culture ( especially Kikuyu ) . In 1939 , the British Governor of Kenya successfully nominated Lambert as an Officer in the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) and promoted him to Senior District Commissioner . Lambert was married to Grace Firr , a trained nurse and daughter of Tom Firr , a famous Huntsman of the Quorn Hunt . After his retirement in 1950 , the couple settled in Nairobi . He remained very active as a Swahili language scholar until his death in Nairobi , 1967 . Many Africanists , anthropologists and linguists greatly benefited from H . E . Lambert ' s expert knowledge and generous assistance in the field and in their subsequent research .
HNoMS Bergen ( F301 ) HNoMS " Bergen " ( pennant number F301 ) was an of the Royal Norwegian Navy . She was launched on 23 August 1965 , and commissioned on 22 June 1967 . She was decommissioned on 3 August 2005 , and is currently in use as an office facility .
Dassault Mirage 2000 The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole fighter jet created in 1978 by the Dassault Aviation based on the Mirage III the mirage 2000 was the last operational aircraft of the Mirage Family . Over 600 aircraft were built . Description . Mirage 2000 is a low - set delta wing combat aircraft which is an extremely agile and manoeuvrable fighter developed for the French Air Force . The Mirage 2000 started its service life as an interceptor , designated 2000C and the two - seat trainer 2000B . The 2000 - 5 is a multi - role variant capable of using the Super 530 D or Skyflash Air - to - Air Missiles . Initially ordered 37 Mirage 2000C by the French Air Force have been updated to 2000 - 5 standard , designated 2000 - 5F . Export models are designated 2000E for the single seat fighters and 2000ED for two - seat trainers and 2000ER for single seat recce variants . The Mirage 2000P ( Penetration ) , later designated 2000N ( Nuclear ) , is a low - altitude attack aircraft capable of delivering the ASMP tactical nuclear missile and was based on the Mirage 2000B two - seat trainer variant . It has a revised avionics suite and strengthened fuselage for the low - altitude role and the Antilope 5 nose radar , which is optimized for terrain following , ground mapping and navigation are has additional air - to - air and air - to - sea modes . The rear seat is occupied by a WSO which has twin navigation systems and an additional moving map . The aircraft configurated with only the ASMP missile and 2 Magic AAMs is designated 2000N - K1 , while the K2 configuration can also carry alternative loads . Developed from the 2000N - K2 is the Mirage 2000D , equipped with GPS it is developed for the use of laser guided weapons , but is not capable of carrying the ASMP missile . The 2000D - R1N1L is equipped with laser guided weapons and Magic AAMs only , while the R1 configuration can be equipped with the full range of conventional weapons . The R2 configuration is upgraded with a fully integrated self - defence suite and is compatible with the Apache stand - off weapons dispenser . The export model of the Mirage 2000D is designated 2000S , where the S stands for Strike . Mirage 2000 - 9 is the designation for the upgraded version of the Mirage 2000 export models of the United Arab Emirates . Dassault is now marketing the Mirage 2000 - 5 Mk . 2 which will be built either as a new aircraft or retrofitted from currently operated Mirage 2000Cs or 2000Es . It features an integrated mission system with a glass cockpit , digital modular avionics and enhanced communications .