naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of ' Ayn al - Warda The Battle of ' Ayn al - Warda was fought in early January 685 between the Umayyad army and the group known as the " Penitents " ( Ar . " Tawwabun " ) . The Penitents were a group of pro - Alid Kufans , led by a certain Sulayman ibn Surad , who wished to atone for their failure to assist Husayn ibn Ali in his uprising against the Umayyads , which condemned him to death at the Battle of Karbala in 680 . With the outbreak of the Second Islamic Civil War and the collapse of Umayyad authority across Iraq in 683 / 684 , Sulayman ibn Surad began in November 684 to call upon his fellow Kufans to avenge their failure . Although some 16 , 000 pledged themselves to support him , only some 5 , 000 showed up at their mustering place . Undeterred , they moved up the Euphrates towards the Jazira . At Qarqisiya , the Qays i refugees from the Battle of Marj Rahit aided them with supplies and advice but refused to join them , seeing no hope in their endeavour . The Penitents pressed on to ' Ayn al - Warda ( identified with Ra ' s al - ' Ayn ) , where they met an Umayyad army of 20 , 000 under Husayn ibn Numayr . Although the Penitents held the upper hand in a first skirmish , over the next two days the numerical superiority of the Umayyad army began to prevail . Finally , the Penitents were surrounded and almost annihilated , with only a few survivors escaping under the cover of night and making it back to Kufa .
Battle of Reval ( 1602 ) The Battle of Reval took place on June 30 , 1602 , during the Polish – Swedish War ( 1600 – 1611 ) near present day Tallinn in Estonia . The Polish forces were led by Grand Field Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski who had been sent against Swedish forces gathering by Tallinn by Grand Crown Hetman Jan Zamoyski . Żółkiewski attacked " on the march " with two squadrons of Polish hussars . The charge however was not successful . As a result the Swedish forces put up frisian horses as a protection against further frontal cavalry charges . Żółkiewski then sent light cavalry on a round about flanking maneuver which attacked the Swedes from behind , coinciding with another charge by the hussars . The Swedish lines broke as a result . The Swedes were led by Reinhold Arnep .
Arthur Middleton Manigault Arthur Middleton Manigault ( October 26 , 1824 – August 17 , 1886 ) was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . Early life and career . Manigault was born in Charleston , South Carolina in 1824 . His parents were Joseph and Charlotte Manigault . His great - great - grandfather was Pierre Manigault ( 1664 – 1729 ) , a French Huguenot who was born in La Rochelle , France and settled in Charleston . His mother was both the daughter of Charles Drayton , a South Carolina Lt . Governor , and the granddaughter of Henry Middleton , the second President of the First Continental Congress . Her uncle , Arthur Middleton , was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence . Manigault attended the College of Charleston , although he abandoned his studies to pursue an interest in business . During the Mexican - American War , he served in the United States Army as a first lieutenant with the Palmetto Regiment . From 1847 to 1856 , he was a businessman in Charleston . He married Mary Proctor Huger on April 18 , 1850 , and they had five children together . In 1856 , he inherited a rice plantation in Georgetown County , South Carolina and moved there . Civil War . With the outbreak of the Civil War , Manigault participated in the Battle of Fort Sumter . He was a colonel of the 10th South Carolina Regiment , and helped construct the batteries for the defense of Winyah Bay in Georgetown County . In March 1862 , he was ordered to dismantle the coastal batteries and to ship the guns to Charleston . In April 1862 , he was commanded to take his troops and report to General P . G . T . Beauregard with the Army of Mississippi . In northern Mississippi , Manigault saw action during the Siege of Corinth . Afterward , he served with the reorganized Army of Tennessee and saw action at the Battles of Stone ' s River and of Chickamauga . He was present during the Battle of Missionary Ridge . During the late spring and summer of 1864 , he participated in the Atlanta Campaign . On April 26 , 1863 , he was promoted to brigadier general . During the war , he was wounded twice : first in Georgia at the Battle of Resaca in May 1864 , and then at the Second Battle of Franklin during November 1864 . His second injury prevented his return to active service . Postbellum activities . After the war , Manigault returned to manage his rice plantation in South Carolina . From 1880 to 1886 , he served as the Adjutant and Inspector General of South Carolina . He died in Georgetown County , South Carolina in 1886 and is buried in the Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston .
USS Macdonough ( DD - 331 ) The second USS " Macdonough " ( DD - 331 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for Thomas Macdonough . History . " Macdonough " was laid down 24 May 1920 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , San Francisco , California ; launched 15 December 1920 ; sponsored by Mrs . Charles W . Dabney , great - granddaughter of Commodore Thomas Macdonough ; and commissioned 30 April 1921 , Lieutenant Commander H . J . Ray in command . Based at San Diego , California throughout her naval service , " Macdonough " operated primarily along the west coast . Periodic maneuvers and cruises with the Battle Fleet off the Pacific coast of Central America , the Hawaiian Islands , and in the Caribbean , as well as special assignments , intervened in her normal operations schedule . Included in her special assignments was a good will cruise with the fleet to Samoa , Australia , and New Zealand , 20 June to 26 September 1925 . Fate . On 22 March 1929 , " Macdonough " returned to San Diego from fleet exercises held off Balboa , Panama Canal Zone , and operated off southern California until decommissioning at San Diego 8 January 1930 . She was sold as scrap 20 December 1930 . See for other ships of this name .
HMCS Beaver ( S10 ) HMCS " Beaver " was an armed yacht that served in the Royal Canadian Navy . Initially carrying the pennant number S10 and later Z10 , she was launched in 1902 under the name " Aztec " in Elizabeth , New Jersey and was commissioned as " Beaver " into the Royal Canadian Navy on 4 April 1941 . She was paid off on 17 October 1944 .
TM 65 77 The Telamiina 65 77 ( Track mine model 66 , with detonator model 77 ) is a Finnish Army standard issue anti - tank mine . The mine consists of a 9 . 5 kg ( ~ 21 lbs ) charge of TNT . The mine is armed with a pressure detonator set to explode on a weight of 100 kg ( ~ 220 lbs ) . The blast effect blows off the tank ' s track and damages the driving wheel . The mine is also known as the " Tellu " ( female name , truncated form of Tellervo ) . References . http : / / www . mil . fi / maavoimat / kalustoesittely / index . dsp ? level = 70 & equipment = 124
The Willy – Nicky Correspondence The Willy - Nicky Telegrams were a set of telegrams exchanged between Wilhelm II of the German Empire and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia during the July Crisis on the eve of the First World War . Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II were third cousins ( both were great - great - grandsons of Paul I of Russia ) , and the Kaiser was a first cousin of Nicholas ' s wife , Alix of Hesse . The emperors corresponded in English and were accustomed to calling each other " Willy " and " Nicky " but would use their counterparts ' formal names in formal communications . The source of the telegrams is " The German White Book " , a pamphlet of official documents published to justify the German Government ' s position after the outbreak of war . The term " Willy - Nicky Telegrams " is derived from " The Willy - Nicky Correspondence " , the title of a book by Herman Bernstein published in 1918 which revealed the personal telegraphic correspondence between the two emperors during the period June 1904 to August 1907 . The telegrams start with a plea from the Tsar to the Kaiser to try to stop the serious developments that led up to the World War . An excerpt : Ultimately , the correspondence changes tone and the two leaders warn each other of impending mobilization due to factors out of their control , while retaining the notion that mobilization does not mean war . An excerpt of the last telegram : The Willy - Nicky Telegrams were discussed during the war by representatives of belligerent nations , during the Paris Peace Conference , and on into the interwar years , and beyond . In recent years academic historians have reassessed the exchange . They paid special attention to the telegram of Nicholas II dated July 29 , 1914 ( for two days before the war ) : On July 29 , 1914 Nicholas suggested submitting the Austro - Serbian problem to the Hague Conference ( in Hague tribunal ) – Wilhelm did not address this in his subsequent telegram . According to Beck , the German Foreign Office omitted this telegram in publishing the correspondence between the Kaiser and the Czar . After the publication of this telegram by the Russian government on January 31 , 1915 in the Official Gazette " Governmental Herald " , the German Foreign Office explained that they regarded this telegram as too " unimportant " . In contrast , Russian Foreign Ministry ( Minister Sazonov ) , as well as the French Ambassador in Russia ( Maurice Paléologue ) believed the telegram very important . Paléologue , Beck and some other authors accused Wilhelm in that he had not supported the proposal of Nicholas to submit the Austro - Serbian problem to the Hague Tribunal for adjustment , and thus abandoned the chance for a peaceful resolution to this problem . A " flurry of telegrams " between the Kaiser and the Tsar led to the cancellation of Russian general mobilization by the Tsar on 29 July , but this was resumed two days later .
USS Gull ( AM - 74 ) USS " Gull " ( AM - 74 ) was a minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Gull " , formerly trawler " Boston College " , was built by the Bath Iron Works , Bath , Maine , in 1928 ; acquired 30 August 1940 ; converted at the Boston Yards of the Bethlehem Steel Corp . 30 September 1940 ; and commissioned 3 December 1940 , Lt . Comdr . Ernest L . Posey , USNR , in command . World War II service . Attached to the Inshore Patrol , " Gull " conducted minesweeping operations in Massachusetts Bay until 28 March 1941 when she sailed for Norfolk , Virginia , via Yorktown , Virginia . Homeported at Norfolk 6 April to 26 August 1941 , she operated along the Atlantic coast as far north as Boston , Massachusetts , until sailing the latter date for Argentia , Newfoundland , where she put in 4 September . " Gull " continued her exacting duties as a minesweeper at Argentia until the summer of 1944 , calling at Boston for repairs as needed . Decommissioning . She decommissioned at Quincy , Massachusetts , 25 July 1944 . Stricken from the Navy List 22 August 1944 , she was transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 15 May 1946 . She was sold the same month and served commercially as " Gudrun " . References . Monday , 15 January 1951 Dragger Gudrun Lost With Crew of 17 Gloucester Men Aboard Others believed to be Crew Members Last contact made with the Gudrun was at 3 . 24 o ’ clock yesterday morning when her owner - skipper Capt . Johan Axel Johannsson , 46 years , of West Medford , sent out a frantic " SOS " to the effect that " We are sinking " and then gave his position as being some 200 miles south of Cape Race , N . F . The Gudrun gave her position as being in longitude 33 degrees , 45 minutes , and latitude 42 degrees , 38 minutes . According to the Coast Guard , that would have placed her at some 200 miles south of Cape Race , Newfoundland . That message was received at Boston at 3 . 24 o ’ clock that morning . Monday , 2 January 1951 Coast Guard Abandons Dragger Gudrun Search No Trace of Missing Boat , Men Large Flotilla of Planes and Surface Craft Had Scoured Thousands of Square Miles in Grand Bank Area For Six Days
10th Regiment Indiana Cavalry The 10th Regiment Indiana Cavalry , also designated the 125th Indiana Regiment , was a Cavalry Regiment raised in southern Indiana to fight in the American Civil War . History . The 10th Regiment Indiana Cavalry was organized at Columbus and Vincennes , Indiana in the winter of 1863 through the spring of 1864 . In command of the Regiment was Colonel Thomas N . Pace . The Regimental Companies were : Time Line . Once the Regiment was moved into Pulaski , Tennessee , the 10th Indiana Cavalry Regiment was broken up into detachments for a variety of missions . Regiment lost during service 1 Officer and 20 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 4 Officers and 157 Enlisted men by disease . Total 182 .
Adam Beattie Adam Beattie ( born c . 1833 in or near Seneca , New York ) was the captain of the New York 26th Independent Battery , Light Artillery Barnes ’ Rifle Battery during the American Civil War . His parents were John and Nancy Beattie . On November 28 , 1862 , Beattie was mustered at the age of 29 into the New York 26th Independent Battery ( Light Artillery ) as a 2nd Lieutenant . He was promoted to Vice First Lieutenant , then Captain of the Battery , by George W . Fox on March 29 , 1863 . He was honorably discharged on September 12 , 1865 and mustered out at New Orleans . He returned to his family in Seneca , New York . He and his first wife , Mary E . Johnson , had a son , Willard Grant Beattie , in 1865 . Along with many residents of Seneca Falls County , New York , Beattie made his way to Ovid , Michigan where he was a grocer , ran for school board , and became Ovid ' s postmaster . His Civil War friend George Fox followed him to Ovid . On February 13 , 1871 , Fox was the master carpenter on a 22 - man team building Ovid ' s First Congregational Church . The church was moved by oxen in 1899 and turned to face Main Street where it stands today as a residence . Adam Beattie was married three times : first to Mary E . Johnson , then to Kate A . Hann ( July 1843 - 10 September 1879 ) on November 1 , 1869 ; and finally to Mary E . Hagin ( 1840 - April 1918 ) on April 3 , 1883 . Adam Beattie died at age 59 on June 26 , 1893 . Adam Beattie , George Fox , Mary E . Hagin , and Kate A . Hann are all buried in Ovid , Michigan ' s Maple Grove Cemetery ; as some of the first settlers to the area to die , their tombstones are near the front entrance . Adam shares a large granite monument with his second wife Kate . His third wife Mary E . Hagin is buried nearby in an unmarked grave .
USS Meade ( DD - 274 ) The first USS " Meade " ( DD - 274 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy and transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS " Ramsey " ( G60 ) . Service history . As USS " Meade " . Named for brothers Richard Worsam Meade and Robert Leamy Meade , she was laid down by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Squantum , Massachusetts on 23 September 1918 ; launched on 24 May 1919 ; sponsored by Miss Annie Paulding Meade ; and commissioned at Boston , Massachusetts , on 8 September 1919 , Lieutenant Commander Benjamin F . Tilley , Jr . , in command . After shakedown along the east coast , " Meade " was assigned to duty with the Pacific Fleet . For more than two years afterward , she operated out of west coast ports including San Diego , California and San Francisco , California while participating in fleet and squadron maneuvers . After duty with several destroyer divisions , she decommissioned at San Diego on 25 May 1922 and was placed in reserve . " Meade " recommissioned at San Diego on 18 December 1939 , Lt . Cdr . C . A . Printup in command . After returning to the east coast in 1940 , she served with ships of Destroyer Squadron 9 ( DesRon 9 ) of the United States Fleet . As HMS " Ramsey " . In accordance with provisions of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement of September 1940 , " Meade " was designated one of the 50 destroyers to be transferred to Britain . She decommissioned and was turned over to the British on 26 November 1940 . Renamed HMS " Ramsey " ( G60 ) , she served the Royal Navy in the North Atlantic and later performed duty as an aircraft training ship . She completed her service on 30 June 1945 and was scrapped in July 1947 at Boness , England .
Economic conscription Economic conscription is the mechanisms for recruitment of personnel for the armed forces through the use of economic conditions , particularly when geographical areas within a country are neglected in terms of their economic development , leading to a situation where a high proportion of young people consider a career within the armed forces as an attractive career choice ; the premise is that if these areas enjoyed favourable conditions , this would not be the case , and that governments using this mechanism know this , and choose not to change the situation . Claim and counter - claim . The term is usually used in a pejorative sense , with critics claiming that the government could create conditions where joining the armed forces would not be seen as an attractive career choice , but choose not to in order to avoid resourcing problems for their armed forces . Governments in countries at which the charge of using this method is levelled counter that they are providing work for people who would otherwise not have any . Example countries . Countries which have been described as practising economic conscription include the United States and the United Kingdom . In both cases the armed forces contain sections whose purpose is to recruit new personnel . United Kingdom . In the United Kingdom , these units often recruit through the use of " careers fairs " in areas of high unemployment . In Wales , it has been claimed by Plaid Cymru that " the army is targeting schools in some of the poorest areas of Wales to find new recruits " . United States . In the US , teams of staff from these units visit poor neighbourhoods , particularly in southern states and other areas with a high African - American population , promoting membership of the armed forces . In both cases , the financial rewards of joining up are used as a central part of the " sales package " — continued use of these tactics in poor areas proves sufficiently successful in attracting a high level of new recruits . History of the term . The term was in use as early as 1915 .
126th Battalion ( Peel ) , CEF The 126th Battalion ( Peel ) , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Toronto , Ontario , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Peel County . After sailing to England in August 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 109th and 116th Battalions , CEF , and the 8th Reserve Battalion on October 13 , 1916 . The 126th Battalion ( Peel ) , CEF , had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . F . J . Hamilton . The 126 Battalion ( Peel ) , CEF is perpetuated by The Lorne Scots ( Peel , Dufferin and Halton Regiment ) .
Victor Kaliadin Victor Kaliadin , ( , born : 1949 ; died : September 16 , 2004 ) - was a CEO of a Russian company " Elers Electron " ( Элерс электрон ) . In 2001 he was sentenced to 14 years in prison by a Russian court for allegedly selling a ring run by a Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ) agent technical information on Arena , the Russian active protection system for tanks . Death . Due to Kaliadin ' s rapidly deteriorating health , three years into his sentence he was temporarily transferred to the city hospital of Lipetsk , where he died of his fourth heart attack in 2004 . His wife Ludmila said that she intended to sue the Russian government for refusing to conduct appropriate medical screenings for her husband , who she claimed was eligible for release due to his health conditions .
Wilhelm Osterhold Wilhelm Osterhold ( 12 January 1914 – 3 April 2002 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II and an Oberst in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
James L . Dozier James Lee Dozier ( born April 10 , 1931 ) is a retired United States Army officer . In December 1981 , he was kidnapped by the leftist Italian Red Brigades Marxist terrorist group . He was rescued by NOCS , an Italian anti - terrorist force , after 42 days of captivity . General Dozier was the deputy Chief of Staff at NATO ' s Southern European land forces headquarters at Verona , Italy . The Red Brigades , in a statement to the press , stated the reason behind kidnapping an American general was that the U . S . and Italian governments had enjoyed excellent diplomatic relations and the fact that Dozier was an American soldier invited to work in Italy justified their abduction . To date , General Dozier is the only American flag officer to have been captured by a terrorist group . Kidnapping . Brigadier General Dozier was kidnapped from his apartment in Verona at approximately 6 pm on December 17 , 1981 , by four men posing as plumbers . It was later reported that as many as four additional terrorists provided support with multiple vehicles . His wife was not kidnapped , but was held at gunpoint briefly to coerce General Dozier to comply and the terrorists left her bound and chained in their apartment . In Dr . Paul J . Smith ' s ( National Security Affairs professor at the U . S . Naval War College ) paper " The Italian Red Brigades ( 1969 – 1984 ) : Political Revolution and Threats to the State " : According to the book " Secret Warriors " , by terrorism expert Steven Emerson , the Italian government did not want to mount the rescue operation initially and would not allow the US to rescue Gen . Dozier either . Emerson reports that President Reagan contacted H . Ross Perot and asked him to rescue General Dozier using his private forces . Perot gladly accepted the mission and while his team was in the air between Texas and Italy the Italian government heard about the private rescue mission and was thereby convinced that in order to avoid severe diplomatic problems originating from the capture of several foreign armed mercenaries on its sovereign homeland they would launch their own rescue mission . The Red Brigades held Brigadier General Dozier for 42 days until January 28 , 1982 , when a team of NOCS ( a special operations unit of the Italian police ) successfully carried out his rescue from an apartment in Padua , without firing a shot , capturing the entire terrorist cell . The guard assigned to kill General Dozier in the event of a rescue attempt did not do so , and was overwhelmed by the rescuing force . After Dozier ' s return to the US Army in Vicenza , he was congratulated by telephone by President Reagan on regaining his freedom . Aftermath . Dozier was later promoted to major general and eventually retired from active military service . Awards and decorations . During his military career he was awarded : Silver Star and Purple Heart ( for actions during Vietnam War ) , Ranger Tab and Parachutist Badge . Ribbon bar .