naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
The Downs The Downs are a roadstead or area of sea in the southern North Sea near the English Channel off the east Kent coast , between the North and the South Foreland in southern England . In 1639 the Battle of the Downs took place here , when the Dutch navy destroyed a Spanish fleet which had sought refuge in neutral English waters . From Elizabethan times , the presence of Downs helped to make Deal one of the premier ports in England , and in the 19th century , it was equipped with its own telegraph and timeball tower to enable ships to set their marine chronometers . The anchorage has depths down to 12 fathoms ( 22 m ) . Even during southerly gales some shelter was afforded , though under this condition wrecks were not infrequent . Storms from any direction could also drive ships onto the shore or onto the sands , which — in spite of providing the sheltered water — were constantly shifting , and not always adequately marked . The Downs served in the age of sail as a permanent base for warships patrolling the North Sea and a gathering point for refitted or newly built ships coming out of Chatham Dockyard , such as , and formed a safe anchorage during heavy weather , protected on the east by the Goodwin Sands and on the north and west by the coast . The Downs also lie between the Strait of Dover and the Thames Estuary , so both merchant ships awaiting an easterly wind to take them into the English Channel and those going up to London gathered there , often for quite long periods . According to the Deal Maritime Museum and other sources , there are records of as many as 800 sailing ships at anchor at one time . In the present day , with the English Channel still the busiest shipping lane in the world , cross - Channel ferries and other ships still seek shelter here .
Howland ' s Company Michigan Volunteer Engineers Howland ' s Company , or the Battle Creek Engineer Corps , was an engineer company that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The company was organized at Battle Creek , Michigan on September 16 , 1861 , and mustered into Federal service on October 9 , 1861 . However , when Major General H . W . Halleck took command of the Department of Missouri , he decided that Howland ' s Company did not meet Federal organizational standards . Upon notification of this fact , the company voted to disband and were subsequently mustered out of Federal service on January 8 , 1862 . Total strength and casualties . Over its existence , the regiment carried a total of 53 men on its muster rolls .
2nd Rhode Island Cavalry The 2nd Rhode Island Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 2nd Rhode Island Cavalry was organized in Providence , Rhode Island and mustered in November 21 , 1862 for a three year enlistment . The regiment never reached full strength . The regiment was attached to 1st Division , XIX Corps , Department of the Gulf , to July 1863 . Cavalry Brigade , XIX Corps , to August 1863 . Ordered to New Orleans , La . , and served duty there until March 1863 . Moved to Baton Rouge , Louisiana , March 6 – 7 , 1863 . Participated in the operations against Port Hudson March 7 – 27 . Moved to Algiers , then to Berwick April 1 – 9 . Operations in western Louisiana April 9 - May 14 . Teche Campaign April 11 – 20 . Franklin April 14 . Near Washington May 1 . Expedition from Opelousas to Alexandria and Simsport May 5 – 18 . Operations about Monett ' s Plantation and on Bayou Sara Road May 18 – 19 . Moved to Bayou Sara , then to Port Hudson May 22 – 25 . Siege of Port Hudson May 25 - July 9 . Jackson Cross Roads June 20 . Springfield Landing July 2 . Surrender of Port Hudson July 9 . The regiment was first consolidated into a battalion of four companies August 24 , 1863 and attached to the 1st Louisiana Cavalry . It served thus at Camp Hubbard , Thibodeaux , August 29 – 30 and then ceased to exist on January 14 , 1864 when its members were transferred to the 3rd Rhode Island Cavalry . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 35 enlisted men during service ; 4 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 31 enlisted men died of disease .
Tupolev TB - 6 Tupolev TB - 6 ( internal designation ANT - 26 ; ) was a proposal for a 1930s heavy bomber that did not advance beyond blueprints . Inspired by the success of ANT - 20 / PS - 124 , Tupolev in 1929 began work on an even larger aircraft powered by 12 engines and with a takeoff weight of 70 tons ( 155 , 000 lb ) . A 1 / 20 scale two - seat glider was built and test - flown to evaluate the aerodynamic soundness of the design and work was started on the first prototype . By mid - 1930s , the trend in military aviation shifted towards smaller and faster aircraft and TB - 6 was canceled . ANT - 28 was a proposed cargo version . References . Duffy , Paul and Andrei Kankdalov . ( 1996 ) Tupolev The Man and His aircraft . Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . Gordon , Yefim ; Rigamant , Vladimir ( 2005 ) . OKB Tupolev : A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft . Hinckley , England : Midland Publishing .
Eggert Neumann Eggert Neumann ( 30 December 1912 — 25 May 1970 ) was an Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant Colonel ) in the Waffen SS during World War I . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Obersturmbannführer Eggert Neumann was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on the 3 November 1944 , while in command of the 7th SS Gebirgs Reconnaissance Battalion , 7th SS Gebirgs Division " Prinz Eugen " .
Operation Alphabet Operation Alphabet was an evacuation , authorized on May 24 , 1940 , of Allied ( British , French and Polish ) troops from the harbour of Narvik in northern Norway marking the success of Nazi Germany ' s Operation Weserübung of April 9 and the end of the Allied campaign in Norway during World War II . The evacuation was completed by June 8 . The evacuation was prompted by the " Wehrmacht " ' s assault on Belgium , the Netherlands , Luxembourg and France in the spring of 1940 , which reduced the relative importance of Germany ' s iron ore provision , and of Scandinavia as a whole . Several nights after the final military evacuation , the civilians of the town were rescued by British Sub - Lieutenant Patrick Dalzel - Job . Against orders , he organized local fishing boats to remove the population just before a German reprisal bombing . The town was largely destroyed , but only four people were killed . The Royal Navy wanted to discipline Dalzel - Job but was unable to , after King Haakon VII awarded him the Knights Cross of the Order of Saint Olav ( First Class ) . Later in the war , he served with Ian Fleming . Many sources cite Dalzel - Job as the inspiration for the James Bond character . A consequence of the evacuation of Allied troops from Norway was that Sweden ' s and Finland ' s position vis - à - vis Nazi - Germany was weakened . Subsequently an agreement was reached in June leading to extensive transfers of ( unarmed ) Wehrmacht troops on Swedish rail - roads – probably Sweden ' s chief digression from her policy of neutrality between the parties of the World War – and in August Finland concluded a secret agreement according to which Finland could acquire weapons through Germany and Germany could transfer ( armed ) troops by truck through northernmost Finland . Thereby Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union , still united by the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact , had excluded other international powers from influence in Northern Europe .
German submarine U - 1235 German submarine " U - 1235 " was a Type IXC / 40 U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 25 May 1943 at the Deutsche Werft yard at Hamburg , launched on 25 January 1944 , and commissioned on 17 May 1944 . She served with " 31st U - boat Flotilla " ( 31st U - Boat Flotilla ) , a training unit , and with " 33rd U - boat Flotilla " from 1 December 1944 to 15 April 1945 . Service history . The U - boat completed two combat patrols in early 1945 , but did not sink any ships . " U - 1235 " was sunk on 15 April 1945 in the North Atlantic by hedgehogs from the destroyer escort s and during Operation Teardrop .
1st U - boat Flotilla The 1st U - boat flotilla ( German " 1 . Unterseebootsflottille " ) also known as the Weddigen flotilla , was the first operational U - boat unit in the German Navy ( " Kriegsmarine " ) . Founded on 27 September 1935 under the command of " Fregattenkapitän " Karl Dönitz , it was named in honour of " Kapitänleutnant " Otto Weddigen . Weddigen , a U - boat commander during World War I , died on 18 March 1915 after his submarine " U - 29 " was rammed by the British battleship HMS " Dreadnought " in the North Sea . The flotilla at first only consisted of " U - 9 " , a Type IIB boat commissioned on 21 August 1935 . Later boats " U - 1 " to " U - 12 " were included in the flotilla , but " U - 1 " to " U - 6 " were only used as training boats and were attached to the U - boat training school in Neustadt . Originally based in Kiel from September 1935 to May 1941 , it was moved to Brest , France in June 1941 . In September 1944 , the flotilla was disbanded and its remaining boats were distributed to other flotillas .
Max von der Goltz Otto Ferdinand Maximilian Leopold Freiherr von der Goltz ( born April 19 , 1838 in Königsberg , Prussia , Germany ; died December 20 , 1906 in Potsdam , Germany ) was an Admiral of the German Imperial Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) . Goltz joined the Prussian Navy in 1853 , and became an Ensign 1859 , and Lieutenant in 1865 , and Lieutenant - Commander ( Korvettenkapitän ) in 1870 . He was then at the Navy Ministry . Now a captain ( Kapitän zur See ) , he made several trips as commander of the corvette ‘ SMS Augusta ’ to South America ( Brazil ) and West Indies . Between 1877 and 1882 he was senior director of the shipyard in Kiel and reorganized the yard . He was then chief of the Mediterranean Squadron during the conflict in Egypt and in 1883 briefly became commander of the German East Asia Squadron ( Ostasiengeschwader ) before being appointed Rear Admiral and chief of the German Imperial Admiralty . Five years later he was made Vice Admiral and appointed commander ( Marinetstationschef ) of the North Sea Naval Station ( Marinestation der Nordsee ) at Wilhelmshaven . In 1889 he became commanding admiral of the Oberkommando der Marine ( Naval High Command ) and in 1892 Goltz finally became a full Admiral . On 13 May 1895 Max Freiherr von der Goltz resigned his position for health reasons . He died on 20 December 1906 in Potsdam .
Montagu Stopford ( Royal Navy officer ) Vice - Admiral Sir Montagu Stopford KCB ( 11 November 1798 – 10 November 1864 ) was an officer in the Royal Navy . Naval career . The fifth and youngest son of James Stopford , 3rd Earl of Courtown , he entered the Navy on 8 November 1810 and was commissioned as Lieutenant on 17 July 1819 and as Commander on 29 January 1822 . He was promoted to Captain only 3 years later , on 8 April 1825 , and his commands at that rank included ( 1842 – 46 , in the West Indies and North America ) , ( 1850 - ? , during her 1850 re - commissioning ) , ( during her 1851 commissioning , preparing her to be Vice - Admiral James Whitley Deans Dundas ' s flagship in the Mediterranean , until was selected for this role instead ) , and ( during her commissioning January – March 1852 ) . Also during that time , on 25 August 1827 , he married Cordelia Winifreda , the second daughter of Major - General Sir George Whitmore - they had four children , including Major George Montagu Stopford , and a 24 year marriage before she died on 4 September 1851 . He was captain in the " Waterloo " again from 1 April 1852 , this time during her service as Vice - Admiral Josceline Percy ' s flagship . He left that role on 5 December 1853 on being promoted to rear admiral , becoming the Admiral superintendent of the Malta dockyard by c . 1855 , flying his flag in . He also remarried , to Lucy Cay , daughter of John Cay , on 29 September 1853 , and the couple had three more children ( one of whom was Colonel Sir Lionel Stopford ) . He became a Knight Commander of the Bath on 5 July 1855 , and was promoted to Vice - Admiral on 25 June 1858 , and finally admiral on 30 November 1863 . He had retired by 9 February 1864 .
Kontakt 5 Kontakt - 5 is a type of reactive armor third generation of Soviet origin . It is the first type of reactive armor capable of providing effective protection against ammunition APFSDS . Made up of " bricks " of explosive sandwiched between two sheets of metal , entered service in 1985 to equip the tank T - 80U . The plates are arranged so as to move sideways rapidly when the explosive detonates . This causes two effects for the oncoming projectile . First , the penetration of HEAT rounds are greatly reduced since the projected plates disrupt the metallic jet penetrator of the HEAT round , effectively providing a greater path - length of the material to be penetrated . Secondly , the projected plates create a lateral yawing mechanism that deflects and break up any penetrator ( typically , this effect is against long rod penetrators of anti - tank rounds ; although this may contribute against shaped charges too ) . These effects significantly reduces the penetration of any round . The shielding effectiveness of Kontakt - 5 was confirmed in tests , which were conducted by the Bundeswehr German and U . S . Army . The Germans had the Kontakt - 5 mounted on tanks T - 72 and Pentagoncorrespondent Leland Ness confirmed that " when applied to T - 72 tanks , the heavy reactive armor made them immune to the APFSDS made of DU fired by 120 mm guns of U . S . tanks M1 Abrams ( which were among the most formidable tank shells at the time ) . " This applies , of course , only when the projectile hits the reactive armor , which only covers 60 % of the frontal aspect of a T - 72 in which it is mounted . Newer piercing rounds , such as the M829A2 , M829A3 , M829E4 round made by U . S . , have been improved to overcome the design of Kontakt - 5 ( although it is also made improvements to Kontakt - 5 , see T - 84 and T - 90 . ) The M829A2 was the immediate response , developed in part to confront the new " heavy ERA bricks . The M829A3 incorporates further improvements and is designed to meet future armor protection methods . In response to the M829A3 . However , the new Relikt ERA , Russia ' s most modern reactive ERA is being claimed to have twice the protection of the older Kontakt - 5 ERA . The Kontakt - 5 ERA is used by Russia , Ukraine , and India . The Kontakt - 5 has been superseded by newer Kaktus ERA that is only seen on prototype tanks such as Chyorny Oryol .
101st Motorised Division Trieste 101st Motorised Division Trieste or 101° Divisione Trieste ( Italian ) was a Motorised Division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Trieste " was formed in 1939 and served in Albania and North Africa where it surrendered to the Allies in 1943 . History . Formed in 1939 , from the 8 Infantry Division Po the 101st Motorised Division " Trieste " was mobilized for war in 1940 . It was initially held as a reserve formation in Italy , until 1941 when it was sent to Albania . North Africa . The " Trieste " was sent to Libya in North Africa in August 1941 , as part of the Italian XX Motorised Corps under General Gastone Gambara with the 132 Armoured Division Ariete . The division participated in all the major Western Desert battles from then on ; Operation Crusader , the January 1941 Axis counteroffensive , the Battle of Gazala in 1942 , the Battle of Bir Hakeim , the First Battle of El Alamein and the Second Battle of El Alamein where it was virtually destroyed . During Operation Crusader the " Trieste " took advantage of the British 4th Armoured Brigade ' s withdrawal from the Tobruk sector , and achieved a notable success on December 1 when its armoured columns moved forward and cut the tenuous link the 6th New Zealand Brigade had established with Tobruk on November 27 . On December 13 , the 1st Buffs captured Point 204 on the Alam Hamza Ridge , but the " Trieste " Division successfully defended Point 208 . During the Battle of Gazala , the " Trieste " played an important part in the destruction of the British 2nd and 4th Armoured Brigades south of Knightsbridge on June 12 . During the First Battle of El Alamein , the " Trieste " on Ruweisat Ridge put up a tenacious defence and lost two regimental commanders before being partly overcome , delaying the Allied advance for several hours and allowing German armoured forces to launch a devastating counteratack . The division fought against the British Eighth Army in Tunisia , first on the Mareth Line , then at Wadi Akari and eventually on the Enfidaville Line . The division formally surrendered to the Allies on 13 May 1943 . Order of battle . The divisional order of battle changed considerably throughout its history . The OOBs given here apply at the time of Operation Crusader during the El Alamein battles from July to September 1942 .
163rd Ohio Infantry The 163rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 163rd OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 163rd Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio and mustered in May 12 , 1864 for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Hiram Miller . The regiment left Ohio for Washington , D . C . , May 13 and was assigned to 1st Brigade , Haskins ' Division , XXII Corps , to June 1864 . Served duty in the defenses of Washington , D . C . , with headquarters at Fort Reno , until June 8 . Moved to Bermuda Hundred , Virginia , June 8 – 12 and attached to 1st Brigade , 3rd Division , X Corps , Army of the James . Reconnaissance on the Petersburg & Richmond Railroad June 14 – 15 . Skirmish on Petersburg and Richmond Turnpike June 15 – 16 . Moved to Wilson ' s Landing June 16 . Fatigue duty building Fort Pocahontas and scouting on west side of the James River until August . Ordered to Columbus , Ohio , August 29 . The 163rd Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 10 , 1864 at Camp Chase . Ohio National Guard . Over 35 , 000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864 . Shipped to the Eastern Theater , they were designed to be placed in " safe " rear areas to protect railroads and supply points , thereby freeing regular troops for Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ’ s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . As events transpired , many units found themselves in combat , stationed in the path of Confederate Gen . Jubal Early ’ s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Ohio Guard units met the battle - tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington , D . C . from capture . Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy , Fort Stevens , Harpers Ferry , and in the siege of Petersburg . Casualties . The regiment lost 29 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
Richard W . Mies Admiral Richard Willard Mies ( born May 30 , 1944 ) was the fourth Commander in Chief , from 1998 to 2001 , of United States Strategic Command , located at Offutt Air Force Base , Nebraska . Admiral Mies graduated first in his class from the U . S . Naval Academy in 1967 with a Bachelor of Science degree with majors in mechanical engineering and mathematics . After completing training for submarine duty , he served on two nuclear attack submarines , and , and a ballistic missile submarine , ( BLUE ) , before commanding the nuclear attack submarine . He has served in various command positions including Commander , Submarine Development Squadron Twelve , Commander , Submarine Group Eight and , and Commander , Submarine Force U . S . Atlantic Fleet . His staff positions include , Chief of Staff to Commander Submarine Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet , and Director , Strategic Target Plans and Deputy Director , Plans and Policy on the staff of Commander in Chief , U . S . Strategic Command . Admiral Mies has completed post - graduate education at Oxford University , England , the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University , and Harvard University . He holds a Masters degree in government administration and international relations . See also . Mies , a Chicago native , is a qualified submariner and naval aviation observer . His personal awards and decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , Navy Distinguished Service Medal , Defense Superior Service Medal ( two awards ) , Legion of Merit ( four awards ) , National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal , Meritorious Service Medal ( two awards ) , Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal ( four awards ) , Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal , and Secretary of Energy Gold Medal .
10th Regional Support Group The 10th Support Group ( Regional ) is the US Army senior operational headquarters on Okinawa providing command and control for all assigned US Army units and their families . The 10th Support Group ( Regional ) and United States Army , Japan ; conduct theater sustainment ; execute reception , staging , onward movement ( RSO ) ; they also conduct expeditionary logistics in support of the US Army Pacific , overseas contingency operations and the defense of Japan . The Group is the only brigade - level logistics headquarters in the Pacific Rim , supporting OEF , OIF , POLMIL , multi and bilateral partnership engagements . The Group provides command and control ( C2 ) to seven operational battalions and nine company sized elements . This headquarters is strategically postured to provide responsive logistics support throughout the Pacific , with elements on both mainland Japan and the Island of Okinawa .
498th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 498th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base , California . It was inactivated on 30 September 1968 . History . Operations history . Established in early 1942 as a III Fighter Command Operational Training Unit ( OTU ) , equipped with a mixture of second - line single engine training aircraft . Upgraded in 1943 with P - 47 Thunderbolt s for Replacement Crew Training ( RTU ) . Inactivated in April 1944 . Reactivated in August 1955 as a United States Air Force Air Defense Command interceptor squadron , assigned to Geiger Field , Washington . Mission was to provide air defense for the Pacific Northwest . Initially equipped with F - 86D Sabres . Upgraded to F - 102s in 1957 and then to F - 106s in 1959 , the first operational squadron to receive the Delta Dart . Moved to McChord AFB , 1963 , Paine Field 1966 . Moved to Hamilton AFB , California in 1968 and inactivated the same day , aircraft reassigned to the 84th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron .