naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Al Conway Alfred Joseph Conway ( March 16 , 1930 in North Kansas City , Missouri - August 3 , 2012 ) was an American Professional Football on - field official for 28 seasons . He was in the American Football League in its last year , 1969 , and in the NFL fom 1970 to 1996 . Over the course of his career in Professional Football , Conway officiated 31 playoff games , including four Super Bowls — Super Bowl IX in 1975 , Super Bowl XIV in 1980 , Super Bowl XVI in 1982 , and Super Bowl XXII in 1988 . On the field , he wore uniform number 27 . As a student at North Kansas City High School , Conway excelled in football , track and field , basketball , and baseball . Upon graduating , Conway was considered by many to be the best running back in football in the Kansas City metropolitan area and perhaps in the entire state as a senior and one of the best athletes of all time to hail from Missouri . After high school , Conway was recruited to play for coach Colonel Red Blaik at the United States Military Academy to play football and participated in track and field as well , but finished his final year of college at William Jewell College in Liberty , Missouri . After finishing college , Conway was a number one selection by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 1953 NFL Draft , but had his career ended early due to a string of injuries . Staying close to the sport he enjoyed the most , Conway took up officiating and joined the American Football League in 1969 as an umpire . Later , where he worked several seasons in the NFL on the crew of highly regarded referee Pat Haggerty . After retiring as an official following the 1996 NFL season , Conway became involved in training newly hired umpires and also serves as an observer for the NFL . He and his wife , Bev , resided in Branson , Missouri and had five children , Mike , Susie , Jim , Patty , and David .
RAF Training Command Training Command was the RAF ' s command responsible for flying and ground training from 1936 to 1940 and again from 1968 to 1977 . Training Command was formed from Inland Area on 1 May 1936 and absorbed into RAF Support Command on 13 June 1977 . From 27 May 1940 to 1 June 1968 , Training Command did not exist as its functions were split into Flying Training Command and Technical Training Command . On initial formation or from 1936 the Command appears to have directed Nos 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , and No . 26 Group RAF . No . 23 Group was transferred to Training Command on 1 May 1936 . It was then transferred again to Flying Training Command on 27 May 1940 . It was reabsorbed into Training Command in 1968 and disbanded on 2 May 1975 . Air Officers Commanding - in - Chief . Air Officers Commanding - in - Chief included :
24th Virginia Infantry The 24th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . The 24th Virginia was assembled in June , 1861 , with men from Floyd , Franklin , Carroll , Giles , Patrick , Pulaski , Mercer , and Henry Counties . It served under Early at First Manassas , then was assigned to Early ' s , Kemper ' s , and W . R . Terry ' s Brigade , Army of Northern Virginia . The 24th participated in the campaigns of the army from Williamsburg to Gettysburg except when it was detached to Suffolk with Longstreet . Later it was involved in the engagements at Plymouth and Drewry ' s Bluff , the Petersburg siege north of the James River , and the Appomattox operations . The regiment contained 740 men in April , 1862 , and reported 189 casualties at Williamsburg and 107 at Seven Pines . It lost 4 killed , 61 wounded , and 14 missing at Frayser ' s Farm , had 8 wounded at Fredericksburg , and had about forty percent of the 395 engaged at Gettysburg disabled . Many were lost at Sayler ' s Creek with no officers and 22 men surrendered on April 9 , 1865 . The field officers were Colonels Jubal A . Early and William R . Terry ; Lieutenant Colonels Peter Hairston , Jr . and Richard L . Maury ; and Majors William W . Bentley , Joseph A . Hambrick , and J . P . Hammet .
Gourdou - Leseurre GL - 832 HY The Gourdou - Leseurre GL - 832 HY was a 1930s French light shipboard reconnaissance floatplane design and built by Gourdou - Leseurre for the French Navy . Development . In 1930 the French Navy issued a requirement for a light coastal patrol seaplane mainly for use in the French colonies . Gourdou - Leseurre built and designed a prototype GL - 831 HY which was a modification of the companies earlier GL - 830 HY with a smaller Hispano - Suiza radial engine . The GL - 831 HY first flew on 23 December 1931 . In 1933 the French Navy ordered 22 aircraft designated GL - 832 HY , this had a less powerful engine than the prototype . The GL - 832 HY was a metal construction low - wing monoplane with fabric covered wings and twin floats . The aircraft had a large wing to take the stresses of a catapult launch , the wings also folded to allow stowage on board a ship . Unusually the braced - horizontal tailplane was attached to the underside of the rear fuselage . Two open cockpits in tandem were provided for the two crew , each cockpit having a windscreen . The first production aircraft flew on 17 December 1934 and the last on 12 February 1936 . Operational history . The French Navy used the GL - 832 HY on second - line cruisers like the " Emile Bertin " and " Primauguet " and on smaller colonial sloop s . The smaller sloops did not have a catapult and the aircraft were lowered into the sea using a crane . The aircraft were still operational at the start of the Second World War and were not retired until 1941 .
Medal of Valour in Combat Argentine Nation to the Valour in Combat Medal ( Spanish : Medalla " La Nación Argentina al Valor en Combate " ) is the second highest military decoration given by the President of Argentina . The decoration consists of a bronze circular medal bearing the Coat of arms of Argentina surrounded by the legends " La Nación Argentina " ( top ) and " al Valor en Combate " ( bottom ) , suspended from a chest ribbon of equal light blue - white - light blue stripes . Recipients of the Medal for service during the 1982 Falklands War ( ) are listed below .
Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868 Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868 or in full Declaration Renouncing the Use , in Time of War , of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight is an international treaty agreed in Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire , November 29 / December 11 , 1868 . It succeeded the First Geneva Convention of 1864 . It was a predecessor of the well - known Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 . It was signed by the members of the International Military Commission convened for this purpose in the presence of the Imperial Cabinet of Russia . History . In 1863 , the Russian Army had perfected a fulminating musketball that could explode when it hit a hard target and was designed to blow up powder magazines or ammunition wagons . In 1867 , they perfected an improved explosive musketball that would detonate on any impact after being fired , even soft targets like people or animals . Predicting the disastrous effect of such a discovery on diplomatic relations with their neighbors , Russia decided to negotiate a ban on the development , creation , and use of such weapons before a grisly arms race commenced . Upon the invitation of the Russian diplomat and statesman Prince Alexander Gorchakov , for the purpose of considering the existing rules of war , a conference of delegates met at Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire in December , 1868 . The nations represented were Austria - Hungary , Bavaria , Belgium , Denmark , France , United Kingdom ( representing the British Empire ) , Greece , Italy , the Netherlands , Portugal , Prussia , the North German Confederation ( i . e . , Greater Prussia ) , Russia , Sweden - Norway , Switzerland , the Ottoman Empire , and Württemberg . The United States , not considered a major power at the time , was not invited and took no part in the convention . Brazil ratified the agreement in 1869 , as did Estonia in 1991 . The delegates affirmed that the only legitimate object of war should be to weaken the military force of the enemy , which could be sufficiently accomplished by the employment of highly destructive weapons . With that fact established , the delegates agreed to prohibit the use of less deadly explosives that might merely injure the combatants and thereby create prolonged suffering of such combatants . The Great Powers agreed to renounce , in case of war among themselves , the use of any explosive projectile of less weight than 400 gram s ( 14 ounce s avoirdupois ) or one charged with fulminating or inflammable substances . While the declaration bans the use of fragmenting , explosive , or incendiary small arms ammunition , it does not prohibit such ammunition for use in autocannon or artillery rounds . The influence of this declaration on international humanitarian law were elucidated in Ryuichi Shimoda et al . v . The State ( 1963 )
Georg Meyer ( aviator ) Leutnant Georg Meyer ( 11 January 1893 in Bremen , Germany – 15 September 1926 ) was a German World War I fighter ace credited with confirmed victories over six enemy observation balloons and 18 enemy aircraft . Meyer was one of the early German military aviators , volunteering on 1 February 1916 . He would serve through the end of the war , rising to squadron command in the process . He would be recommended for Germany ' s highest award for valor , the Pour le Merite . Meyer remained in aviation postwar , and was head of aviation training at Magdeburg when he was killed in a motorcycle accident . Early life . Georg Meyer was born in Bremen in the German Empire on 11 January 1893 . His father was a merchant . After George Meyer completed elementary and high school , he went to work for the customs service from 1911 - 1912 . He also completed his required military service . He joined Infantry Regiment No . 75 in 1911 . Just before World War I began , he was conscripted into the Guards Ersatz Division . Aerial service during World War I . Meyer transferred to duty with " Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches " on 1 February 1916 . By 18 August , he had been trained and was piloting a two - seater reconnaissance craft for Feldflieger Abteilung 69 in Macedonia . From there , he transferred to flying two - seaters on artillery direction duty with " Flieger - Abteilung ( Artillerie ) " 253 on the Western Front . On 7 February 1917 , he scored his first aerial victory , downing a Nieuport over Lemmes , France . In April 1917 , he was transferred to fly single - seater fighters with Jasta 22 . He had two unconfirmed victories there ; then Josef Jacobs transferred to Jasta 7 on 2 August , taking Meyer with him . Meyer ran his score to four confirmed and two unconfirmed victories before being posted on to Jasta 37 on 25 March 1918 . He ascended to command as Staffelführer on 14 April 1918 . In June , the unit re - equipped with Fokker D . VII s , and Meyer began to quickly accumulate victories . He became a balloon buster , with six confirmed and two unconfirmed . He was also credited with an additional 18 enemy airplanes destroyed , with two more claims unconfirmed . On 18 October 1918 , he was lightly wounded and remained on duty . He had been awarded both classes of the Iron Cross , his native Bremen ' s Hanseatic Cross , as well as the Knight ' s Cross with Swords of the House Order of Hohenzollern . On 5 November 1918 , he was recommended for the Blue Max . The recommendation died with the German Empire upon the emperor ' s abdication . Post World War I . On 22 January 1920 , the Prussian National Assembly decided that Meyer should be awarded the Blue Max later . However , it is uncertain if this ever happened . Meyer remained in aviation . By 1926 , he was head of the airline training school at Magdeburg . Georg Meyer was killed in a motorcycle accident on 15 September 1926 .
Vulcain ( M611 ) Vulcain ( M611 ) is a French BBPD ( French : bâtiment - base de plongeurs démineurs ) , part of the French Navy . It is based in Cherbourg Naval Base , in Cherbourg , France , and is run by the 1st GPD ( French : groupement de plongeurs démineurs ) , a group of French Army deminers . Known for short M611 , its home since 16 May 1987 has been at Honfleur . The personnel on board ius usually 12 divers , 1 medical officer and 1 nurse . Other BBPDs of the " Vulcain " type are :
Battle of Preveza ( 1911 ) The Battle of Preveza , in September 1911 , was the first naval engagement fought during the Italo - Turkish War . Five Italian warships encountered five Ottoman ships off the Greek port of Preveza . Over the course of two days , four of the Turkish vessels present were sunk or captured and the city was bombarded . Battle . On September 29 , just after the beginning of the war , the Italian fleet in the Ionian Sea began searching for Ottoman warships . At about 4 : 00 pm , an hour or so after war was declared , five Italian destroyers under Prince Luigi Amedeo , sighted two enemy torpedo boat s at sea in between Corfu and Preveza . Outnumbered , the Ottomans opened fire but soon after chose to flee without making any hits . The torpedo boat " Tokat " steered north chased by three destroyers while the " Anatolia " headed south followed by the remaining two Italian ships . After several moments of firing the " Tokat " ran aground near Nicopolis . She had been hit fifteen times , caught on fire , and was completely destroyed by additional Italian rounds . Nine men were killed , including the ship ' s captain . " Anatolia " was capable of escaping her pursuers without being damaged . Over 100 shells were fired by the Italians in this first engagement and afterwards three of the destroyers continued on with their patrol while the " Artigliere " and the " Corazziere " proceeded to Preveza and arrived a couple of hours later . That night an officer of the " Corazziere " went ashore secretly to observe the Turkish defenses before attacking the following morning . Two more Ottoman torpedo boats were in the harbor , the " Alpagot " and the " Hamid - Abad " , and the city was protected by the old stone Agios Andreas Castle armed with twenty - five modern artillery pieces . When the attack began the next day on September 30 , the Italians engaged the Turkish torpedo boats first and sank them quickly without sustaining damage or casualties . All of the Ottoman crewmen escaped their ships except one man . A scuttle d armed yacht named " Tarablus " was also at Preveza and the Italians captured her while under fire from civilians on the shore . The " Corazziere " then fired on the Turks and drove them off . Ottoman troops in the castle were completely surprised by the attack and offered no help in defense of the city though the Italians fired seventy - six rounds into the structure and heavily damaged its sea wall . After a forty - five minute engagement , the two destroyers sailed for friendly waters with their prize in tow .
80th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 80th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was originally formed from regular army battalions serving away from home in the British Empire . It was assigned to the 27th Division and served on the Western Front and the Macedonian Front during the First World War . Units . The infantry battalions did not all serve at once , but all were assigned to the brigade during the war .
Vickers Medium Mark II The Vickers Medium Mark II was a British tank built by Vickers in the Inter - war period . The Medium Mark II , derived from the Vickers Medium Mark I , was developed to replace the last of the Medium Mark C s still in use . Production and rebuilding ran from 1925 until 1934 . The tank was phased out of service from 1939 , replaced by the Cruiser Mk I . It featured several improvements over the Vickers Mark I : a higher superstructure with the driver ' s vizor on top of it instead of in front of it ; an improved suspension protected by armour skirts ; and Rackham clutches , providing a primitive form of mechanical servo - control . Due to a slightly higher weight its rated speed was somewhat slower than that of the Medium Mark I , at 13 mph compared to 15 mph . Design . The Mark II used the same chassis , suspension and transmission as the Medium Mark I but had a new superstructure . The Mark II was equipped with a 3 pdr gun and 4 machine guns in the turret . The back of the turret had a slope so that the machine gun there could be used against aircraft . There were two Vickers machine guns , one in each side of the hull to the rear . Operational history . The Vickers Medium Mark II and its predecessor the Vickers Medium Mark I replaced some of the Mark V heavy tanks . Both tanks equipped the Royal Tank Regiment s until they were phased out starting in 1938 . In November 1939 , some Medium Mark IIs were sent to Egypt for experiments being conducted by Major - General Sir Percy Hobart and his Mobile Division ( Egypt ) , but the Vickers Mediums in Egypt were also phased out before Italy declared war in June 1940 . The Mediums were used for initial instruction in driver training . During the threat of German invasion of the summer of 1940 , some of these outmoded vehicles were reactivated for a short time . No " mobile " Vickers Mediums faced the Italian invasion of Egypt in September 1940 , but at least one was dug in as an armoured pillbox in the British defenses at Mersa Matruh at the time of the invasion .
Damon M . Cummings Damon M . Cummings was a United States Navy officer who received a posthumous Navy Cross for his actions during World War II . Biography . Damon Morris Cummings was born on January 30 , 1910 in Belvidere , Illinois , the son of then - Ensign ( later Captain ) Damon Earhart Cummings ( 1885 – 1969 ) and Ennis Frances Morris . He graduated in 1927 from St . Albans School in Washington , D . C . , and from the United States Naval Academy on June 4 , 1931 . He served in heavy cruiser USS " Northampton " ( CA - 26 ) and destroyer USS " Monaghan " ( DD - 354 ) and had staff duty at Naval Submarine Base New London at New London , Connecticut , and with Destroyer Squadron 3 ( DesRon 3 ) . While serving on the staff of Vice Admiral William F . Halsey — the Commander , South Pacific Force ( COMSOPAC ) - - Lieutenant Commander Cummings was killed in action on board heavy cruiser " San Francisco " ( CA - 38 ) on the night of 12 – 13 November 1942 during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal . Awards . For his heroism and determination during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal , Cummings was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously . Namesake . During World War II , the U . S . Navy destroyer escort USS " Damon Cummings " ( DE - 756 ) was named for Lieutenant Commander Cummings . Her construction was cancelled in 1943 before she could be completed . In 1944 , the destroyer escort USS " Damon M . Cummings " ( DE - 643 ) was named in his honor . She was in commission from 1944 to 1947 .
Peter von Danzig ( ship ) Peter von Danzig was a 15th - century ship of the Hanseatic League . It was the first large vessel in the Baltic Sea featuring carvel planking . Career . The " Peter von Danzig " was built at the French west coast and was originally named Pierre de la Rochelle or Peter van Rosseel . Carrying sea salt from the Atlantic , the ship arrived in Danzig in 1462 after having been damaged in a storm . The ship lay inactive for a while in Danzig harbour , and after the owner died without having paid repair costs , the ship was eventually seized and changed over to a warship when the Hanse declared war on England . Between 1471 and 1473 the " Peter von Danzig " operated in the North Sea under captain Paul Beneke , hunting English merchantmen with a letter of marque and securing Hanse convoys . After the Treaty of Utrecht ( 1474 ) , the ship undertook several trade trips abroad , before it was decommissioned in the late 1470s .
Murder - hole A murder hole or meurtrière is a hole in the ceiling of a gate way or passageway in a fortification through which the defenders could fire , throw or pour harmful substances or objects , such as rocks , arrows , scalding water , hot sand , quicklime , tar , or boiling oil , down on attackers . They also allowed water to be poured onto fires started within the gate passage . Similar holes , called machicolation s , were often located in the curtain walls of castle s , fortified manor houses , and city wall s . The parapet would project over corbel s so that holes would be located over the exterior face of the wall , allowing the defenders to target attackers at the base of the wall .
Vânători de munte The vânători de munte ( , English translation : Mountain Huntsmen ) are the elite mountain troops of the Romanian Land Forces . They were first established as an independent Army Corps in 1916 during World War I , and became operational in 1917 under " Corpul de Munte " designation . The Romanian " vânători de munte " saw action in World War II on the Eastern Front in some of the harshest battles - including the sieges of Sevastopol and Stalingrad - where their performance lived up to their reputation : virtually all their commanders from brigade level and up received the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , with general Mihail Lascăr being the first foreigner to receive " Oak Leaves " on 22 November 1942 ( see List of foreign recipients of the Knight ' s Cross ) . After 23 August 1944 , they fought on the Soviet side , notably in Tatra Mountains . After the end of the war , one of the first measures taken by the Soviet s in occupied Romania was to disband the mountain troops . Shortly after the Soviet occupation troops left Romania in 1958 , the " vânători de munte " were re - established again as a distinct branch of the Romanian Land Forces . There are currently two brigades operational , one subordinated to the 1st Infantry Division ( the 2nd Mountain Troops Brigade " Sarmisegetuza " ) , and another one subordinated to the 4th Infantry Division ( the 61st Mountain Troops Brigade " General Virgil Bădulescu " ) . Mountain troops units served several tours of duty during Iraq and Afghanistan wars .