naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Orénoque ( 1781 ) Orénoque was a French privateer sloop commissioned in French Guyana in 1781 . The British captured her in January 1781 at the capture of Demerara . The British took her into service as HMS " Oronoque " , and commissioned her under Commander William Tahourdin . By one report , " Orénoque " had been a Dutch merchant vessel , and at the time of commissioning had only five men aboard , of whom three were prisoners - a murderer , a thief of naval stores , and a Dutchman . About one year later , in January – February 1782 , French captain Armand de Kersaint led a flotilla in " Iphigénie " that included two more frigates , four brigs , and a large cutter to recapture Demerara and Essequibo . Tarhoudin commanded a small squadron that also included two small sloops and two small brig - sloops . The French were sighted on 30 January and Tarhoudin moved his squadron downriver . However , the French landed troops and as these moved towards Demerara , the British forces facing them retreated , forcing Tarhoudin to pull back his vessels also . On 1 February the British asked for terms of capitulation , with the actual capitulation taking place on 3 February . In capturing the colonies de Kersaint also captured Tarhoudin ' s squadron , of which " Oronoque " was the largest , but most feeble vessel . At the time of her surrender " Oronoque " was armed with ten 9 - pounder guns on her lower deck , and eleven 2 and 3 - pounder guns , for which there was no ammunition . Even the 9 - pounders were short of ordnance stores . She also only had a crew of 20 men aboard . Tarhoudin as commander of the British squadron was a co - signer of the capitulation with Robert Kingston , the Lieutenant - Governor of the colony . Despite the capitulation , Tarhoudin was promoted to post captain in 1783 . The French then took " Oronoque " into naval service as Vicomte de Damas . " Vicomte de Damas " , of 18 guns and four swivel gun s , was put up for sale at Honfleur in April 1784 . In October she was at Havre , not yet sold .
USS SC - 19 USS " SC - 19 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 19 or USS " S . C . 19 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 19 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 19 October 1917 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 19 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 19 " . " S . C . 19 " was assigned to the Second Naval District Experimental Unit at New London , Connecticut . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 19 " was classified as SC - 19 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 19 " . On 24 June 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 19 " to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .
Chambers of Reunion The Chambers of Reunion ( " Chambres des Réunions " ) were French courts established by King Louis XIV in the early 1680s . The purpose of these courts was to increase French territory . Louis had been expanding the borders of France in a series of wars . Territory was gained in the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1679 and the Treaty of Aix - la - Chapelle in 1668 . The courts ' job was to determine what dependencies , if any , had belonged to the areas incorporated into France by these treaties . In doing this , places such as Saarbrücken , Luxembourg , Zweibrücken and Strasbourg were annexed to France . Louis based his claims on ancient , often long - forgotten , rights to these dependent territories stemming from the Middle Ages . Louis thus took advantage of the formal content of his alliance treaties with the German princes by claiming their land . Although there was no legal claim to it at all , Louis took the city of Strasbourg , as well as the city of Casale . Louis also took most of what is now Luxembourg , then part of the Holy Roman Empire , which was distracted by an ongoing war with the Ottoman Empire . The conflicts caused by the Reunion policy ultimately led to the Truce of Ratisbon , in which Louis was allowed to keep most gains , partly due to the distraction of other countries , and a number of bribes , including payoffs to the German princes and Charles II of England . Louis ' s hostile policy antagonized much of the rest of Europe , resulting in the War of the League of Augsburg in 1688 . The war ended in 1697 with the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick . In it Louis agreed to restore much of the territory that had been " reunited " with France as a result of the Chambers of Reunion .
Capture of Columbia The capture of Columbia occurred February 17 – 18 , 1865 , during the Carolinas Campaign of the American Civil War . The state capital of Columbia , South Carolina , was captured by Union forces under Maj . Gen . William T . Sherman and much of the city was burned . Background . Following the fall of Savannah , Georgia , at the end of his " March to the Sea " , Maj . Gen . William T . Sherman turned his combined armies northward to unite with Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant in Virginia and to cut General Robert E . Lee ' s supply lines to the Deep South . He planned to march through South Carolina to Columbia , then capture and destroy the Confederate arsenal at Fayetteville , North Carolina , before uniting with the XXIII Corps , commanded by Maj . Gen . John Schofield , at Goldsboro , North Carolina . To confuse the Confederates , he sent his left wing westward towards Augusta and his right wing eastward towards Charleston . Confederate forces in South Carolina were part of the Department of the West , under the command of General P . G . T . Beauregard . He attempted to defend both Augusta and Charleston and divided his available forces between the two cities to defend them as long as possible . He hoped that doing so would give the Confederacy an advantage during negotiations at the Hampton Roads peace conference ; he also thought that he could reconcentrate his forces if Sherman changed course for Columbia . The capture . Sherman was able to concentrate his army faster than Beauregard had anticipated and arrived at Columbia on the afternoon of February 16 . The only Confederates defending the city were small detachments from Maj . Gen . Joseph Wheeler ' s cavalry corps , Maj . Gen . Matthew Butler ' s cavalry division , and Lt . Gen . Stephen D . Lee ' s corps from the Army of Tennessee . Heavily outnumbered , Lt . Gen . Wade Hampton ordered an evacuation of the city without a fight , although they destroyed all bridges over the Congaree and Saluda Rivers in an attempt to delay the Union forces . Sherman occupied Columbia the following day . Much of Columbia burned to the ground in a fire that has engendered controversy ever since : some say it started when the Confederates set fire to cotton bales in the city , others say that drunken Union soldiers were fanning the flames of vengeance , while a few witnesses claimed that some of the fires were by accident . James W . Loewen researched the topic for his book , " Lies Across America " , and found that most likely , the cotton bale fires spread and caused most of the destruction . He did find that there were some fires started by Union soldiers , but the effects of these were minimal . Most likely , the Confederates ' scorched earth policy was to blame for the burning of Columbia ( in which not much of it burned ) . After the burning , Sherman was quoted as saying that he never gave the order to burn Columbia to the ground but he was not sorry that it happened .
Charles Brown ( Medal of Honor ) Corporal Charles Brown ( born 1849 ) received the United States ' s highest honor for bravery , the Medal of Honor . Corporal Brown was a United States Marine and was born in New York City . He enlisted in Hong Kong in 1870 . The tracking number for his Medal of Honor is No . : 169 , and is dated 8 February 1872 . Brown never received his medal , as he deserted from the Marine Corps in October 1871 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Corporal , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : New York , N . Y . Enlisted at : Hong Kong , China . G . O . No . : 169 , 8 February 1872 . Citation :
Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1 The MO - 120 RT - 61 ( factory designator ) or MO - 120 - RT is a heavy mortar of French origin . It was designed by Thomson - Brandt as the successor for the MO - 120 AM - 50 . The RT in the designator stands for " rayé , tracté " which means rifled , towed . The RT - 61 is currently used by the French Army ( where it is known as RT F1 or Mortier de 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1 — " 120 mm rifled towed mortar , model F1 " ) , and is produced under licence by Germany , Italy , Belgium , the Netherlands , Brazil , Japan and Turkey ( as HY - 12 " Tosam " ) . The MO - 120 RT - 61 is issued to artillery units , where it augments the 155 mm towed artillery . In French service , this weapon is normally towed by the VTM 120 ( " Véhicule Tracteur Mortier de 120 mm " ) , wheeled armored vehicle that is a derivative of the VAB 4x4 series of armored personnel carrier . Towing is accomplished by a towing hitch that is screwed onto the muzzle of the weapon . The VTM 120 carries 70 mortar rounds of 120 mm and also offers basic ballistic protection from small arms fire and shrapnel for the mortar ' s crew . The RT - 61 can also be towed by the AMX - 10 TM ( " Tracteur de Mortier " ) which is a version of the AMX - 10P tracked APC . The Japan Ground Self - Defense Force have a self - propelled version of the RT - 61 with 50 rounds , the Type 96 SPM . Currently , there are eight 120 mm mortars assigned to each French Régiment d ' Artillerie . Normally not deployed during peacetime , all of the infantry ' s 120 mm mortars have been transferred to artillery regiments where they augment the 155 mm towed artillery . This allows both the towed 155 TR - G2 artillery guns of 155 mm caliber and the 120 mm mortars to be deployed simultaneously . The RT - 61 uses standard NATO rounds as well as the specially designed PR - 14 ( HE ) and the PRPA ( HERA ) . The weapon can be fired either by dropping the round down the tube ( after aligning of the rifling bands ) resulting in an automatic firing once the bomb hits the tube base , or by a controlled firing by dropping the bomb down the tube and pulling on a lanyard that will in turn set off the triggering mechanism in the base of the tube . Manufacturers other than Thomson - Brandt as mentioned above include Thomson - CSF / Daimler Benz Aerospace ( France / Germany ( ? ) ) , Hotchkiss Brandt ( Netherlands ) as the " HB Rayé " and under license by MKEK in Turkey .
Lualualei VLF transmitter VLF transmitter Lualualei is a facility of the United States Navy near Lualualei , Hawaii transmitting orders to submerged submarines in the very low frequency ( VLF ) range . VLF transmitter Lualualei , which operates under the callsign NPM on 21 . 4 kHz and 23 . 4 kHz , uses as antenna two guyed masts , each 458 . 11 metres ( 1503 feet ) tall . Both masts , which were built in 1972 , were not only the tallest towers in the Western hemisphere at the time , used for military purposes , they are also the tallest towers used for long wave transmissions in the Western hemisphere and since the collapse of Warsaw Radio Mast perhaps the tallest structures electrically insulated against ground . An image can be found at this link
German submarine U - 1021 German submarine " U - 1021 " was a Type VIIC / 41 U - boat of the German Navy ( " Kriegsmarine " ) during World War II . Laid down on 6 May 1943 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg , the submarine was launched on 13 April 1944 , and commissioned on 25 May 1944 , under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " William Holpert . Service history . " U - 1021 " served with " 31st U - boat Flotilla " , a training unit , and later with " 11th U - boat Flotilla " from 1 December 1944 until its disappearance in March 1945 . Patrol and loss . " U - 1021 " sailed from Bergen on 20 February 1945 and headed for the waters around Land ' s End . " U - 1021 " was presumed to have been sunk on 30 March 1945 in The Minch in the Hebrides , by depth charges from the British frigates and . Discovery . However , the wreck of " U - 1021 " was identified by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney and historian Axel Niestle in December 2006 , seven miles off Newquay , Cornwall , at position , close to two other U - boats , and . Further research by Innes McCartney led to the conclusion that all three submarines were sunk in the Bristol Channel by a deep - trap minefield . Minefield " HW A3 " which was fatal to the " U - 1021 " was laid by on 3 December 1944 . The attack of 30 March 1945 previously assumed to have sunk " U - 1021 " is now believed to have sunk .
HMAS Diamantina ( M 86 ) HMAS " Diamantina " ( M 86 ) , named after the Diamantina River , is a " Huon " class minehunter currently serving in the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Construction . " Diamantina " was laid down by Australian Defence Industries at Newcastle , New South Wales on 4 August 1998 , launched on 2 December 2000 , and commissioned into the RAN on 4 May 2002 . Operational history . On the morning of 13 March 2009 , " Diamantina " was one of seventeen warships involved in a ceremonial fleet entry and fleet review in Sydney Harbour , the largest collection of RAN ships since the Australian Bicentenary in 1988 . The minehunter was one of the thirteen ships involved in the ceremonial entry through Sydney Heads , and anchored in the harbour for the review . In October 2013 participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 in Sydney , Australia .
Reconquest of Gallipoli The reconquest of Gallipoli was a successful attempt by Amadeus VII , Count of Savoy , to take back Gallipoli after its capture by the Ottomans in 1354 following a disastrous earthquake . Since 1354 , the Turks had used the Dardanelles to cross over into Thrace in large numbers . Western Asia Minor had in the space of less than 100 years become the core of the Ottoman realm . As the Turks crossed over into Europe , they took town after town from the Byzantine Empire , which did not stop its own civil war until 1391 and exchanged the local Greeks for Turkish settlers , thereby giving the Turks a foot hold on the region that would last to this present day . Ultimately , Gallipoli was not as strategically important in 1366 as it had been in 1354 - Thrace was already an Ottoman stronghold . Even so , the Christians retained naval supremacy in the region , right until the early 15th century , so whilst there may have been Turks in Thrace , a war of attrition may have stemmed the tide in favour of Byzantium ; without reinforcements from Asia Minor the Turks would have been overwhelmed . Civil warfare was too distracting for Byzantium and Andronikos IV Palaiologos gave the keys to the Balkans to Murad in exchange for the Sultan ' s assistance . By 1377 Gallipoli was once more ferrying in Turkish settlers and destroying what little of the Byzantine power base was left .
Thomas L . Cleave Thomas Latimer ( Peter ) Cleave ( 1906 – 1983 ) was a surgeon captain who researched the negative health effect s of consuming refined carbohydrate ( notably sugar and white flour ) which would not have been available during early human evolution . Known as ` Peter ' to his friends and colleagues , Cleave was born in Exeter in 1906 , and educated at Clifton College . Between 1922 - 27 , he attended medical schools at the Bristol Royal Infirmary , and St Mary ' s Hospital , London , London , achieving MRCS and LRCP . Military career . At Bristol , one of his teachers was Rendle Short , who had proposed that appendicitis is caused by a lack of cellulose in the diet ( it is worth noting , perhaps , from a biographical perspective , that Cleave ' s sister had died at the age of eight years from a perforated appendicitis ) . Charles Darwin ' s writings provided the intellectual framework to Cleave ' s lifelong engagement with the relationship between diet and health , built upon the premise that the human body is ill - adapted to the diet of modern ( western ) man . In this context , he considered refined carbohydrates ( white flour and sugar ) to be the most transformed food , and therefore the most dangerous . After completing his medical training , Cleave entered the Royal Navy in 1927 as Surgeon Lieutenant . Between 1938 - 1940 , he served as Medical Specialist at RN Hospital , Hong Kong . It was during his war service , in 1941 , whilst on the battleship King George V , that he acquired his naval nickname ` the bran man ' when he had sacks of bran brought on board to combat the common occurrence of constipation amongst sailors . Following war service , he worked at Royal Naval Hospitals in Chatham ( 1945 – 1948 ) , Malta ( 1949 – 1951 ) and Plymouth ( 1952 – 1953 ) . He retired from the Royal Navy in 1962 as Surgeon Captain , having finished his naval career as Director of Medical Research at the RN Medical School Post - military career . In 1969 Dr . Cleave brought public attention to the low amount of dietary fiber in modern diets that had become rich in processed ingredients . His work was bolstered by the supporting work of Dr . Denis Burkitt . Awards and Honors . Dr . Cleave was a 2009 inductee into the Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of Fame .
Arthur F . DeFranzo Arthur Frederick DeFranzo ( March 20 , 1919 – June 10 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . DeFranzo joined the Army from his birthplace of Saugus , Massachusetts in November 1940 , and by June 10 , 1944 was serving as a Staff Sergeant in the 1st Infantry Division . On that day , near Vaubadon , France , he was wounded while rescuing an injured man from hostile fire . Despite his own injuries , he led an attack on the enemy positions and continued to advance and encourage his men even after being hit several more times . He destroyed an enemy machine gun position just before succumbing to his wounds . DeFranzo ' s body laid in state at the Saugus Town Hall from December 8 to December 11 , 1944 . He was then given a military funeral at Riverside Cemetery in Saugus . For his actions , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor seven months later , on January 4 , 1945 . Medal of Honor citation . Staff Sergeant DeFranzo ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life , above and beyond the call of duty , on June 10 , 1944 , near Vaubadon , France . As scouts were advancing across an open field , the enemy suddenly opened fire with several machineguns and hit 1 of the men . S / Sgt . DeFranzo courageously moved out in the open to the aid of the wounded scout and was himself wounded but brought the man to safety . Refusing aid , S / Sgt . DeFranzo reentered the open field and led the advance upon the enemy . There were always at least 2 machineguns bringing unrelenting fire upon him , but S / Sgt . DeFranzo kept going forward , firing into the enemy and 1 by 1 the enemy emplacements became silent . While advancing he was again wounded , but continued on until he was within 100 yards of the enemy position and even as he fell , he kept firing his rifle and waving his men forward . When his company came up behind him , S / Sgt . DeFranzo , despite his many severe wounds , suddenly raised himself and once more moved forward in the lead of his men until he was again hit by enemy fire . In a final gesture of indomitable courage , he threw several grenades at the enemy machinegun position and completely destroyed the gun . In this action , S / Sgt . DeFranzo lost his life , but by bearing the brunt of the enemy fire in leading the attack , he prevented a delay in the assault which would have been of considerable benefit to the foe , and he made possible his company ' s advance with a minimum of casualties . The extraordinary heroism and magnificent devotion to duty displayed by S / Sgt . DeFranzo was a great inspiration to all about him , and is in keeping with the highest traditions of the armed forces .
Ashiya Air Field History . Ashiya Airfield was established as a Japanese Army Air Force facility in 1944 , and was used primarily as a defensive airfield , launching interceptors ( Nakajima Ki - 84 ) against attacking USAAF B - 29 Superfortress bombers . Taken over in October 1945 by the Occupying American forces , it was turned into a salvage / scrapping facility by the USAAF 92d Air Service Squadron to destroy former Japanese military aircraft and other equipment . Attacked on several occasions during the war , it was repaired for Fifth Air Force use as an occupation facility . The 85th Airdrome Squadron assumed control of the station on 3 April 1946 ; with Headquarters , 315th Bombardment Wing moving into the facility on 20 May . On 20 May 1946 , the airfield was reactivated for operational use , with the 8th Fighter Group moving to Ashiya from Fukuoka Airfield , operating P - 51D Mustang s . During the postwar Occupation Era , a series of American Air Force units were assigned : With the eruption of the Korean War in June , 1950 , combat missions over South Korea were flown from Ashiya by the USAF 35th and 18th Fighter Group s , with first - generation F - 80 Shooting Star jet fighters . The 35th moved to Pohang Airfield ( K - 3 ) , South Korea in July , being replaced by the 18th . When Pusan East ( K - 9 ) Air Base was ready in September , the group also moved to the forward base . The runway at the airfield was not well - suited for jet fighter operations , as well as the distance from the combat areas stretched the endurance of the early jets . When the 18th Fighter Group moved out in September 1950 , Ashiya became a transport base , with C - 54 Skymaster and C - 119 Flying Boxcar s being operated from the airfield . Both during the Korean War and in its aftermath , a series of Far East Air Force troop carrier groups were assigned : In 1960 , with the need for additional USAF forces in Europe and budget restrictions , Ashiya Air Base was closed by the United States , being returned to the Japanese government .
Battle of Corupedium The Battle of Corupedium , also called Corupedion or Curupedion ( or Κόρου πεδίον , " the plain of Kyros or Koros " ) is the name of the last battle of the Diadochi , the rival successors to Alexander the Great . It was fought in 281 BC between the armies of Lysimachus and Seleucus I Nicator . Lysimachus had ruled Thrace for decades and parts of modern western Turkey ever since the Battle of Ipsus . Recently he had finally gained control over Macedon . Seleucus ruled the Seleucid Empire , including lands currently covered by modern eastern Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Iraq and Iran . Almost nothing is known about the battle itself save that Seleucus won the battle . Lysimachus died during the fighting . According to Memnon of Heraclea ' s " History of Heraclea Pontica " , Lysimachus was killed by a javelin thrown by Malacon , a Heracleian soldier serving under Seleucus . Although the victory gave Seleucus nominal control over nearly every part of Alexander ' s empire , save the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt , his victory was short - lived . After crossing the Hellespont to take possession of Lysimachus ' European possessions not long after the battle , Seleucus was assassinated by Ptolemy Keraunos and Macedon swiftly became independent once again . It was typical of the times that these two former companions and former allies should , as old men , end up fighting each other to the death .
Task Force Sinai Task Force Sinai is the US brigade - sized element of the Multinational Force and Observers ( " MFO " ) , the peacekeeping organization in place in the Sinai Peninsula since 1982 . The Task Force commander is a US Army colonel , who also serves as the MFO Chief of Staff . The Task Force is made up of the following units :