naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Henry Palmer ( Royal Navy officer ) Sir Henry Palmer ( c . 1550 – 1611 ) was an English naval commander . Life . His family was from Tottington by Aylesford . He is first mentioned as commanding a squadron of the queen ' s ships on the coast of Flanders in 1576 . From that time he was constantly employed in the queen ' s service . In 1580 and following years he was a commissioner for the repair and maintenance of Dover harbour . In 1587 he had command of a squadron before Dunkirk , and in 1588 , in the HMS " Antelope " , commanded in the third post under Lord Henry Seymour in the " Narrow Seas " , against the Spanish Armada . When this squadron joined the fleet under the lord admiral before Calais on 27 July , Palmer was sent to Dover to order out vessels suitable to be used for fireships . Before these could be sent , fireships , hastily improvised , drove the enemy from their anchorage , and Palmer , rejoining Seymour , took apart in the battle of Gravelines on the 29th . When Seymour , with the squadron of the Narrow Seas , was ordered back from the pursuit of the Spanish , Palmer returned with him , and continued with him and afterwards with the fleet till the end of the season . He remained in command of the winter guard on the coast of Flanders . Through the next year he continued to command in the Narrow Seas , and in September convoyed the army across to Normandy . He was employed in similar service throughout the war , his squadron sometimes cruising to the coast of Cornwall , or to Ireland , but remaining for the most part in the Narrow Seas , and in 1596 blockading Calais . On 20 December 1598 he was appointed comptroller of the navy , in place of William Borough , and in 1600 had command of the defences of the River Thames . In 1601 he again commanded on the coast of Holland . After the peace he continued in the office of comptroller till his death . He died on 20 November 1611 at Howlets in Bekesborne , an estate which he had bought . Family . He was twice married : first to Jane , daughter of Edward Isaac , and widow of Nicholas Sidley ; secondly , to Dorothy , née Scott , and widow of Thomas Hernden . By his first wife he had two sons , of whom the younger , Henry , succeeded his father as comptroller of the navy by a grant in reversion of 17 August 1611 . Howlets was left to Palmer ' s stepson , Isaac Sidley , who made it over to his half - brother Henry .
Battle of Amstetten The Battle of Amstetten was a minor engagement during the War of the Third Coalition between the First French Empire and the alliance of Austria and Russia . It occurred on 5 November 1805 , when the retreating Russo - Austrian troops , led by Mikhail Kutuzov , were intercepted by Marshal Joachim Murat ' s cavalry and a portion of Marshal Jean Lannes ' corps . Pyotr Bagration defended against the advancing French troops and allowed the Russian troops to retreat . This was the first fight in which a major part of the Russian Army opposed a significant number of French troops in the open . The total number of Russo - Austrian troops was around 6 , 700 , while the French troops numbered roughly 10 , 000 troops . The Russo - Austrian forces suffered more casualties but were still able to successfully retreat . Background . The Battle of Amstetten took place during the War of the Third Coalition , which lasted from 1803 to 1806 . This battle took place immediately after the Austrian surrender in the Ulm Campaign . Following the surrender of Karl Mack von Leiberich in the Battle of Ulm , the Russian forces led by Olmutz decided to retreat along the Danube to regroup with other Russian troops . Napoleon was determined to pin down the Russian army and sent Joachim Murat and Jean Lannes to intercept the retreating Russian army . Battle . The French army initially caught up the Russians around Enns , Austria roughly 50 km west of Amstetten and then again at Oed , which was 3 km west of Amstetten . Bagration decided to fend off the French Army at Amstetten and posted his infantry and cavalry atop the hills on both sides of the main road . The artillery was positioned on the main road for the best line of fire . Murat led an initial charge with his cavalry escort of two squadrons against three Austrian cavalry regiments . His troops were overwhelmed and forced to fall back . Murat ' s troops were then reinforced by Nicolas Oudinot ’ s grenadiers who were able to prevent Bagration ’ s advance and forced his line to retreat back into Amstetten . Murat waited for the balance of his column to arrive with Lannes . Lannes was ordered to move against positions held by Bagration and proceeded to attack . Bagration requested reinformancements and was then joined by Miloradovich along with four infantry regiments , ten cavalry regiments and extra artillery . As the battle persisted , The Russian Jäger s were forced to fall back and a further attack upon Amsetten routed a Grenz infantry battalion . The battle dwindled down by nightfall . Aftermath . One thousand Austrian soldiers were killed , wounded , or captured . Three hundred Russian soldiers were killed or wounded , and fewer than seven hundred were captured . Bagration successfully performed his duty as the rear guard and allowed the remaining Russo - Austrian troops to retreat overnight . The Russo - Austrian troops suffered more casualties than the French army , but there is still confusion regarding who won the battle with both sides stating they were outnumbered .
Terrestrial reconnaissance Terrestrial reconnaissance , or " ground " recon , is a type of reconnaissance that is employed along the elements of ground warfare . It is the collection of intelligence that strictly involves routes , areas , zones ( terrain - oriented ) ; and the enemy ( force - oriented ) . Ground reconnaissance is considered to be the most effective type of reconnaissance but also the slowest method in obtaining information about the terrain and enemy . Those units in contact with the enemy , especially patrols , are among the most reliable sources of information . Combat engineers are also good sources of information . These engineer units often conduct engineer reconnaissance of an area and can provide detailed reporting on lines of communications ; i . e . , roads , rivers , railroad lines , bridges , and obstacles to maneuver .
5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment The 46th Infantry Regiment ( , ) , later the 5th " Podhale Rifles " Infantry Regiment ( ) was a military unit of the Polish Army active during the Polish - Bolshevist War of 1920 . Initially formed in Italy and France as part of Gen . Józef Haller ' s Blue Army , it received the name of 4th Polish Rifles Regiment . It reached Poland in May 1919 and was integrated with the rest of the Polish Army , under a new name and number ( 46th Infantry Regiment ) . It took part in many battles of the Polish - Bolshevist War , notably the Battle of Radzymin , where its 1st battalion broke under enemy fire and allowed the Soviets to capture the strategically important town , which led to a three - days - long battle for Radzymin . After the war , in October 1921 it was reformed into the 5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment , part of the Podhale Rifles mountain infantry units . The original regiment was in no way related to the 46th Infantry Regiment of the Polish People ' s Army formed in Gliwice in 1945 as part of the 13th Infantry Division .
David Rumph Jones David Rumph Jones ( April 5 , 1825 – January 15 , 1863 ) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War . Early life . Jones was born in Orangeburg , South Carolina . By his marriage to Sarah Taylor , daughter of Brig . Gen . Joseph Pannell Taylor , he was a nephew of Zachary Taylor , the 12th US President , and a cousin of Jefferson Davis and Richard Taylor . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1846 and served in the Mexican - American War . Civil War . Jones was appointed a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army on June 17 , 1861 , and major general on October 11 , 1862 . He commanded a brigade in Brig . Gen . P . G . T . Beauregard ' s Confederate Army of the Potomac at the First Battle of Bull Run and then a brigade in the division of Maj . Gen . John B . Magruder in the Peninsula Campaign . In the Seven Days Battles , he temporarily led the division when Magruder served as a wing commander . When Magruder departed for the Western Theater in July , Jones got permanent command , leading his troops at Second Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Antietam , in both cases under Maj . Gen . James Longstreet . At Antietam , his division held the right flank of the Army of Northern Virginia when the Union IX Corps attacked . The strain of campaigning aggravated a longstanding heart condition and Jones died in Richmond , Virginia the following January . He is buried there in Hollywood Cemetery . After Jones died , his division was broken up and its brigades reassigned to Lafayette McLaws ' s and John Hood ' s divisions .
Gravensteen The Gravensteen is a castle in Ghent originating from the Middle Ages . The name means " castle of the count " in Dutch . History . The present castle was built in 1180 by count Philip of Alsace and was modeled after the crusaders castles that Philip of Alsace encountered while he participated in the second crusade . Before its construction , there stood a wooden castle on the same location , presumably built in the ninth century . The castle served as the seat of the Counts of Flanders until they abandoned it in the 14th century . The castle was then used as a courthouse , a prison and eventually decayed . Houses were built against the walls and even on the courtyard and the stones of the walls were used to erect other buildings . At one time it even served as a factory . At the end of the 19th century , the castle was scheduled to be demolished . Renovation . In 1885 the city of Ghent bought the castle and started a renovation project . The newly built houses were removed and the walls and dungeon were restored to their original condition . This renovation has been the subject of discussion . People argue whether the castle can still be considered authentic . Despite these discussions , the Gravensteen attracts huge numbers of tourists . The castle has been repaired enough to allow people to travel through it and climb on top . It is still partly surrounded by the moat . Inside is a museum with various torture devices ( and a guillotine ) that were historically used in Ghent .
Gilbert Johnson Sergeant Major Gilbert " Hashmark " Johnson ( October 30 , 1905 – August 5 , 1972 ) was one of the first African Americans to enlist in the United States Marine Corps , and one of the first African American drill instructors in the U . S . Marine Corps . Johnson was known as “ Hashmark ” because he had more service stripes than rank stripes . He retired in 1959 after 32 years of service in the U . S . military , 17 years were as a Marine . Early years . Gilbert Johnson was born on October 30 , 1905 to a farming family in rural Mount Hebron , Alabama . He attended Stillman College in 1922 , aspiring to become a minister , but he left college the following year to join the U . S . Army . Military service . Johnson enlisted in the U . S . Army 25th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) in 1923 , serving two three - year tours . At the end of his enlistment in October 1929 , Johnson was discharged as a corporal . After four years of civilian life , he decided to try the U . S . Navy . In 1933 , he enlisted in the Naval Reserve and was accepted into the Stewards Branch , the only job available to blacks at that time , where he served in the Navy for nearly 10 years . In May 1941 , he entered the Regular Navy . Johnson served aboard the USS " Wyoming " during the bombing of Pearl Harbor . In 1941 President Franklin D . Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 requiring the Marines Corps to accept blacks and forbidding discrimination by military contractors . That year Johnson requested transfer from the U . S . Navy to the United States Marine Corps . Initially he and other African Americans served in segregated units . He went on to serve the last 17 years of his 32 - year military career in the Marine Corps . He earned his nickname because during his initial Marine Corps training at Montford Point , he wore three service stripe s ( hashmarks ) on the sleeve of his uniform , indicating his previous enlistments in the army and navy . In 1943 , Johnson was among the first black men to be trained as Marine drill instructor s . In May 1943 , at Montford Point , he replaced drill instructor First Sergeant Robert W . Colwell . As a member of the 52d Defense Battalion on Guam in World War II , Johnson asked that black Marines be assigned to combat patrols , from which they were then exempt . Once approved , he personally led 25 combat patrols . Edgar Huff , the only other black sergeant major besides Johnson to serve during World War II , was Johnson ' s brother - in - law . They were married to twin sisters . Honors . Two years after Johnson died from a heart attack , the Montford Point facility at Camp Lejeune , North Carolina , was renamed Camp Gilbert H . Johnson in his honor . It was the first military installation to be named after an African American .
Henry William Engleheart Henry William Engleheart VC ( 14 November 1863 – 9 August 1939 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Engleheart was 36 years old , and a sergeant in the 10th Royal Hussars ( Prince of Wales ' s Own ) , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . Englehart was educated at Queen Elizabeth ' s Grammar School , Barnet . He later achieved the rank of Quartermaster Sergeant . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The King ' s Royal Hussars Museum in Winchester .
Training film A training film is a form of educational film – a short subject documentary movie , that provides an introduction to a topic . Both narrative documentary and dramatisation styles may be used , sometimes both in the same production . While most educational films were made to be used in schools , training films were made and used by the military , and civilian industry . Countless training films were produced , in the days following the advent of sound film and before the beginnings of industrial video , that were a supplement ( or sometimes the main course ) to classroom or office training and education . Films were usually made with an eye toward current trends and viewpoints , and employed for years after production as long as the topic - specific concepts remained valid ; consequently , many training films took on a quaintness or camp appeal , as time went on . ( Excerpts from period films provide great insight into changing attitudes and values ; the training movies tapped for " The Atomic Café " are just one example . ) Training films have been replaced by training and educational videos , which continue to be produced , and used to introduce topics to newcomers .
The Bluejacket ' s Manual The Bluejacket ' s Manual is the basic handbook for United States Navy personnel . First issued in 1902 to teach new recruits about naval procedures and life and offer a reference for active sailors , it has become the " bible " for Navy personnel , providing information about a wide range of Navy topics . The current version , issued in 2009 , is the 24th Edition and is given to all enlistees . History . Before 1902 , the Navy had at least two books for training young men in naval procedure . " Seamanship " , by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan , was the primary textbook about seamanship at the United States Naval Academy but was not used by enlisted men ; many sailors at the time were still illiterate and in any case , the oral tradition s and procedures of petty officers were the basis of enlisted sailors ' education . " The Seaman ' s Handbook " by LCDR Stephen B . Luce , saw general use in the Merchant Marine , but less in the Navy . 1902 saw the first publication of " The Bluejacket ' s Manual " , written by Lieutenant Ridley McLean , as well as the " Recruit ' s Handy Book " . Every enlistee received the latter , and by World War I , both were being issued to every recruit . The " Handy Book " was discontinued in the 1920s . Some manuals published betweed 1903 and early 1915 manuals have inconsistent edition numbering . The 1903 , 1905 , 1907 and 1908 were considered the 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th editions by the authors and the Naval Institute . In 1914 , Franklin Publishing was contracted to publish the 1914 and 1915 book and pamphlet manuals . Because 1914 was the first time Franklin published the manual , they published their edition as the First Edition , the early 1915 version as the 2nd and the late 1915 one as the 3rd . A single numbering system was restored with the 3rd edition , late 1915 Manual . In 1938 , the title was changed from singular possessive to plural possessive : " Bluejackets " ' . Centennial Edition . The 2002 Centennial Edition , also called the 23rd Edition , saw several modifications , including a reversion to its original title : " Bluejacket ' s " . The " Navy Education and Training " chapter was expanded and the " Naval Missions and Heritage " chapter was added . The current edition ' s official author is retired Commander Thomas J . Cutler , who called the work as a " collaborative effort " .
161st ( Huron ) Battalion , CEF The 161st ( Huron ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in London , Ontario , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Huron County . After sailing to England in November 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion on February 15 , 1918 . The 161st ( Huron ) Battalion , CEF had two Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . H . B . Combe ( October 30 , 1916 — May 16 , 1917 ) and Lieut - Col . R . Murdie , DSO ( June 28 , 1917 — February 23 , 1918 ) . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Fujiwara no Yorimichi Prior to succeeding to the position of Regent , Yorimichi had held the title of " Nidaijin " , the lowest level of state ministers . By edict , he was raised above his colleagues , to the title of " Ichi no Hito " , or First Subject . In addition to the reason of direct succession from his father , this edict was presumably necessary to allow Yorimichi to become Sesshō . He is also known as the founder of Byodoin phoenix hall , located in Uji .
1st Armoured Division ( India ) The 1st Armoured Division is an armoured division of the Indian Army . It is part of II Corps and is headquartered at Patiala , Punjab . It is part of the Indian Army ' s Western Command . The division was formed by the redesignation of 31st Indian Armoured Division on September 1 , 1945 . 1st Armoured Division was one of the only two divisional headquarters transferred from the British Indian Army to the Indian Army upon the Partition of British India in August 1947 . At the time it had its divisional headquarters at Secunderabad , 1st Armoured Brigade under command , and the 43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade away with the Punjab Boundary Force . The wartime 255th Indian Tank Brigade had previously been redesignated in June 1946 as 1st Armoured Brigade and assigned to 1st Armoured Division . ( Renaldi and Rikhye , 2011 , 166 ) The division played a major role in Operation Polo , the integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948 . During this time Major General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri was serving as the division ' s commander , and he served as Military Governor of the state in the immediate aftermath of the invasion . For the Hyderabad operation , the division controlled the 1st Armoured Brigade and the 7th and 9th Infantry Brigades . The 1st Armoured Division played an important role in the Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 . The Division , also nicknamed the ' Black Elephant ' or ' Airawat ' Division , consisted in 1965 of the 17th Cavalry , The Poona Horse , the 4th Hodson ' s Horse , the 16th ' Black Elephant ' Cavalry , the 7th Light Cavalry , the 2nd Royal Lancers , the 18th Cavalry and the 62nd Cavalry , the two first named being equipped with Centurions . After the war the division still consisted of the 1st Armoured Brigade and 43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade . The Armoured Brigade consisted of the 16th Cavalry , Hodson ' s Horse and the Poona Horse equipped with upgunned Sherman tanks and Centurion tanks . The 16th Light Cavalry was also equipped with Centurion tank s . The regiment was the leading element and suffered one officer casualty only . During the 1971 war the 16th ' s two squadrons stayed in defences , while its A Squadron took part in operations in a supporting role of an infantry brigade in Shakargarh sector and was highly decorated . Three out of the four officers of Alfa Squadron went on to become Lieutenant Generals in the Indian Army career while the fourth left the army and settled abroad . Following the 1971 Indo - Pakistani war , the division was reorganised with the 1st and 43rd Armoured Brigades and relocated in 1972 to Ambala . In 1984 , it was reorganized with the 1st , 43rd and 98th Armoured Brigades . The division may also include the 5 Armoured Regiment ( India ) . 63 Cavalry may also be with 43 Armoured Brigade .
Edward Keble Chatterton Edward Keble Chatterton ( 10 September 1878 – 31 December 1944 ) was a prolific writer who published around a hundred books , pamphlets and magazine series , mainly on maritime and naval themes . Biography . Born at number 76 , Rock Street , Sheffield , England , he attended Sheffield Royal Grammar School followed by St Paul ' s School , then located in Hammersmith , London . He took a B . A . at St . Stephen ' s House , Oxford , before beginning to write theatre and art reviews for various magazines . In 1905 , he edited " The Lady ' s Realm " for a number of issues . He undertook a number of small - boat voyages through the English Channel and the Netherlands ; out of these voyages came magazine articles and books describing the passages as well as several books on the maritime art collections of the Low Countries . At the outbreak of the First World War , Chatterton joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve ( R . N . V . R . ) , ultimately commanding a Motor Launch flotilla at Queenstown , now Cobh , in Ireland . He describes these years in " Q - Ships and their Story " ( 1922 ) , " The Auxiliary Patrol " ( 1924 ) and " Danger Zone : The Story of the Queenstown Command " ( 1934 ) . He left the service in 1919 with the rank of Lieutenant Commander . In the inter - war years , his output was continuous , and included a series of monographs on model ships , many narrative histories of naval events , and a number of juvenile novels . Most of his books were republished in the United States and several were translated into French and German editions . A member of the Royal Thames Yacht Club for many years , he carried out a multi - season voyage to the Mediterranean through the French canals . He described these in a further series of books : his journeys on the Canal de Nantes à Brest are outlined in " Through Brittany in " Charmina " : From Torbay to the Bay of Biscay in a 6 - Tonner " ( 1933 ) , journeys on the Canal du Midi are described in " To the Mediterranean in " Charmina " " ( 1934 ) , and journeys along the French Riviera are described in " " Charmina " on the Riviera " ( 1937 ) . After 1939 , his writings focused on the conflict with Germany . Hutchinsons published a series documenting the Royal Navy at war , which was completed by Kenneth Edwards following Chatterton ' s death in 1944 .