naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cathcart Castle Cathcart Castle was a 15th - century castle , located in what is now Linn Park in the Cathcart area of southern Glasgow , Scotland . The castle was abandoned in the 18th century , and the remaining ruins were pulled down in 1980 , leaving only foundations visible . History . The lands of Cathcart were held by the family of that name from the 12th century . In the mid - 15th century the head of the family was raised to the peerage as Lord Cathcart , and it is believed that the castle was built at around this time . In 1546 the castle passed to the Semple family . Mary , Queen of Scots , is said to have spent the night before the Battle of Langside ( 1568 ) at Cathcart , and to have watched the battle from a nearby hill called the Court Knowe . The story is unlikely , however , as the Semples were supporters of Mary ' s enemies . An alternative version of the story has the Queen living with her kinsfolk , the Stuarts of Castlemilk , whose defensive stronghold at the foot of the Cathkin Braes contained a chamber later known as " Queen Mary ' s Room " , where Her Majesty supposedly lodged on the night before the Battle of Langside . The ceiling of this room was ornamented with the Arms of the Stuart monarchs of Scotland . In 1740 the Semples built Cathcart House , also since demolished , nearby , and moved out of the castle , leaving it to ruin . The newly created 1st Earl Cathcart bought back his ancestral home in 1814 , although with the intention of selling off the stone rather than living in it . In 1866 the castle was still standing to 5 storeys , and was surrounded by outbuildings . The lands around the castle were purchased by Glasgow City Council in 1927 , and added to Linn Park . In 1980 the remaining ruins were pronounced dangerous , and were pulled down by the council . The site is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Architecture . The castle was built on the rocky north - east bank of the White Cart Water . It comprised a rectangular tower house , 15 . 5m by 9m , of five storeys including a vaulted basement . This was supplemented by a curtain wall , enclosing a small barmkin approximately 22m by 15m , with the tower at the centre . The curtain wall had round corner towers , and a twin - towered gatehouse to the east . The foundations of the tower house remain to around 1m high . Earthworks to the west of the castle have been interpreted as the remains of an outer bailey or ringwork .
United States H - class submarine The United States H class submarines were Holland 602 type submarine s used by the United States Navy . The first three submarines of the class were laid down in March – April 1911 as , and " Garfish " , and were renamed " H - 1 " , " H - 2 " and " H - 3 " while still under construction . They were commissioned in December 1913 / January 1914 . In 1915 the Imperial Russian Navy had ordered 18 H - class submarines from the Electric Boat Company . Eleven were delivered , and served as the American Holland class submarine s , but the shipment of the final six was held up pending the outcome of the Russian Revolution of 1917 , and the boats were stored in knockdown condition at Vancouver , British Columbia . All six were purchased by the United States Navy on 20 May 1918 and assembled at Puget Sound Navy Yard before being commissioned as " H - 4 " to " H - 9 " in late 1918 .
École de l ' infanterie The École de l ' infanterie ( English : " Infantry School " ) , formerly known as École d ' application de l ' infanterie , is a French military academy that trains commissioned officers , non - commissioned officers , and some enlisted personnel having special aptitudes and roles . It is located in Draguignan . The École de l ' infanterie offers over 70 different courses ( either generalist , specialist or adaptation ) to around 1500 trainees yearly . Five hundred additional trainees from foreign armies or from French ministries other than that of Defence , attend annual courses there . , History . The École d ' application de l ' infanterie was created on 30 January 1946 in Auvours , as a post - graduate course for young officers freshly graduated from Saint - Cyr . On 15 October 1948 , the school was moved to Coëtquidan , next to Saint - Cyr itself . In October 1951 , it was moved again to Saint - Maixent , and opened to non - commissioned officer promoting to officer , to élèves - officiers de réserve , and to non - commissioned officers in active service . On 15 January 1955 , a new unit was created specifically to train serving army captains and majors , as well as promotable reserve officers . On 1 August 1967 , the school was moved again to Montpellier , and integrated with the École militaire d ' infanterie ( Infantry military school ) . In 1969 , it also absorbed the Centre de perfectionnement des cadres de l ' infanterie ( Infantry leaders finalization centre ) , and later the Centre d ' instruction spécialisé du tir et du combat de nuit ( Night fire and combat instruction specialised Centre ) . The 2008 reforms of the French Defence forces moved the school to Draguignan in 2010 . Missions . The school has the following missions :
Masato Nakae Masato Nakae ( December 20 , 1917 – September 4 , 1998 ) was a United States Army soldier . He is best known for receiving the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II . Early life . Nakae was born in Hawaii to Japan ese immigrant parents . He is a " Nisei " , which means that he is a second generation Japanese - American . Soldier . Two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , Nakae joined the US Army in February 1942 . Nakae volunteered to be part of the all - " Nisei " 100th Infantry Battalion . This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland . For his actions in August 1944 , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . This award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor after Congress directed the Secretary of the Army to review all awards of the DSC to Americans of Japanese and Pacific Islands descent to determine if racial bias had influenced the awards process . Nakae was one of 22 Americans of Japanese descent who received the Medal of Honor on June 21 , 2000 ( about two years after his death ) by President Bill Clinton . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , authorized by Act of Congress , March 3 , 1963 , has awarded in the name of The Congress the Medal of Honor to PRIVATE MASATO NAKAE UNITED STATES ARMY for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty : Private Masato Nakae distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on August 19 , 1944 , near Pisa , Italy . When his submachine gun was damaged by a shell fragment during a fierce attack by a superior enemy force , Private Nakae quickly picked up his wounded comrade ’ s M - 1 rifle and fired rifle grenade s at the steadily advancing enemy . As the hostile force continued to close in on his position , Private Nakae threw six grenades and forced them to withdraw . During a concentrated enemy mortar barrage that preceded the next assault by the enemy force , a mortar shell fragment seriously wounded Private Nakae . Despite his injury , he refused to surrender his position and continued firing at the advancing enemy . By inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy force , he finally succeeded in breaking up the attack and caused the enemy to withdraw . Private Nakae ’ s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him , his unit , and the United States Army .
801st Radar Squadron The 801st Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 28th Air Division , Aerospace Defense Command , stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base , Montana . It was inactivated on 1 July 1974 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Lineage . Assignments Stations
661st Radar Squadron The 661st Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 23d Air Division , Aerospace Defense Command , stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base , Michigan . It was inactivated on 1 July 1974 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Assignments . Stations
USNS Rollins ( T - AG - 189 ) USNS " Rollins " ( T - AG - 189 ) was one of 12 ships scheduled to be acquired by the United States Navy in February 1966 and converted into Forward Depot Ships and placed into service with the Military Sea Transport Service , The " High Point Victory " ( MCV - 851 ) was chosen for this conversion and assigned the name " Rollins " but the program was canceled and the ships were not acquired by the Navy .
German submarine U - 316 German submarine " U - 316 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 11 August 1942 at the " Flender Werke " yard at Lübeck as ' werk ' 316 , launched on 19 June 1943 and commissioned on 5 August under the command of " Oberleutnant " Hermann Stuckmann . The U - boat spent her career as a training vessel . She sank or damaged no ships . She was scuttled in May 1945 at war ' s end . Service history . The boat ' s service life began with training with the 22nd U - boat Flotilla from 5 August 1943 . She was then transferred to the 23rd flotilla on 1 September . She was reassigned to the 31st flotilla on 20 February 1945 . Fate . The boat was scuttled near Travemünde ( northeast of Lübeck ) at war ' s end on 2 May 1945 .
M40 Gun Motor Carriage The 155 mm Gun Motor Carriage M40 was a US self - propelled artillery vehicle built on a widened and lengthened Medium Tank M4A3 chassis but with Continental engine and with HVSS ( Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension ) that was introduced at the end of the Second World War . Equipped with a 155 mm M2 gun , it was designed to replace the earlier M12 Gun Motor Carriage . Its prototype designation was the T83 , but this was changed to the M40 in March 1945 . A single pilot vehicle was used in the European Theatre in 1945 by 991st Field Artillery Battalion , along with a related 8 inch Howitzer Motor Carriage T89 which was sometimes also equipped with a 155 mm barrel . A total of 311 out of a planned 600 were completed before the end of the war . From there it was deployed during the Korean War . After World War II the M40 was used by the British Army , who designated it " ' 155 mm SP , M40 " and called it Cardinal in the tradition of using ecclesiastical names for SP artillery , such as Deacon , Priest , Bishop and Sexton . Gun section . A complete gun section consisted of one M40 GMC , one M4A1 high speed tractor towing an M23 ammunition trailer . each battery had 4 gun sections . the M4A1 / M23 combo replaced the earlier M30 cargo carrier . Variants . The Army planned to use the same T38 chassis for a family of SP artillery :
562d Flying Training Squadron The 562d Flying Training Squadron ( 562 FTS ) was part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base , Texas . It operated the T - 43 conducting navigator training . History . The 562d was first activated on 24 December 1942 at Gowen Field , Idaho , on 24 December 1942 , and moved to Wendover Field , Utah , on 5 February 1943 , where it began training in B - 17 Flying Fortress aircraft . The squadron participated in approximately 300 combat missions in the European Theater of Operations from 17 July 1943 until its last World War II mission , flown to the Landsberg Aerodrome near Munich , on 21 April 1945 . During the summer of 1945 , the 562d airlifted food to starving people of the Netherlands . From August 1945 until 1980 , the squadron saw several periods of activation and inactivation . During this period , the 562d flew AT - 6 Texan , AT - 11 Kansan , C - 46 Commando , C - 47 Skytrain , B - 26 Marauder , F - 86 Sabre , F - 100 Super Sabre , and F - 105 Thunderchief aircraft at various bases . During 1965 , while stationed at McConnell Air Force Base , Kansas , the 562d deployed to Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base , Thailand , where it participated in five months of sustained combat operations in the Vietnam War . From 31 October 1974 to 30 June 1992 , the 562d was stationed at George Air Force Base , California to fly the F - 105 and then the F - 4G Phantom II aircraft conducting " Wild Weasel " missions . During this time the squadron also participated in Operation Desert Storm . The 562d Flying Training Squadron conducted part of the Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training at Randolph Air Force Base , Texas as part of the 12th Flying Training Wing until navigator training and Electronic Warfare Training was combined into the Combat Systems Officer ( CSO ) Training and moved to Naval Air Station Pensacola .
304th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 304th Infantry Regiment currently consists of two battalions in the United States Army Reserve . Regimental designation is used only in historical tradition . There is no regimental commander , staff or headquarters . The 1st Battalion , 304th Regiment is headquartered in Londonderry , New Hampshire , and the 3rd Battalion , 304th Regiment is headquartered in Lewiston , Maine .
Steyr HS . 50 The Steyr HS . 50 is a . 50 BMG single - shot anti - materiel sniper rifle manufactured by Steyr Mannlicher . Design and features . The Steyr HS . 50 is a single - shot bolt action rifle . It has a built - in magazine ( on the right side of the gun ) so each round has to be loaded directly into the ejection port and is pushed into the chamber by the bolt . The fluted barrel is cold hammer forged and provides excellent accuracy at an effective range up to 1500 m . It has an adjustable bi - pod , a highly efficient muzzle brake which reduces recoil substantially to increase shooting comfort and a Picatinny rail for installation of various optics . However due to customer demand , a recent change to the HS . 50 has included a 5 round detachable magazine that can be inserted on the left hand side of the rifle much similar to the Denel NTW - 20 Variants . HS . 460 . The rifle is also available in the proprietary . 460 Steyr round , developed for markets where ownership of the . 50 BMG by private citizens is banned , but . 46 rounds are not , such as California . The . 460 caliber version is known as the HS . 460 . HS . 50 M1 . The HS . 50 M1 is an evolution of the HS . 50 . The biggest differences are it is magazine fed from a 5 round magazine feeding horizontally left from the receiver , has a longer top Picatinny rail with more Picatinny rails on the side , an adjustable cheekpiece , a newly designed fixable bipod and a monopod at the buttstock . Controversy . The rifle made headlines when Steyr sold up to 800 rifles to Iran in 2005 . There was a large amount of concern in the United States , United Kingdom , and to a lesser extent , other European countries that the rifles would find their way into Iraq and be used against the Iraqi Army or Coalition forces . Nevertheless , the sale was approved by the Austrian government in November 2004 , citing Iran ' s declared intention to deploy the weapon with anti - terror and counter - drug units . In February 2007 , " The Daily Telegraph " reported that American sources claimed to have recovered more than 100 of the rifles from Iraqi insurgents . Within 45 days of the delivery of the rifles to Iran , an American soldier was allegedly killed by one of the weapons . However , according to Steyr CEO Franz Holzschuh , Steyr has not been contacted to compare serial numbers and verify if the weapons in question really were part of the Iranian shipment . According to Steyr , patents for the HS . 50 ran out years ago , and fraudulent copies are produced in several countries . " The Daily Telegraph " admitted in April 2007 that it was not able to verify the story . U . S . Central Command later announced that no Austrian rifle had been found in Iraq , as reported by the Austrian newspaper " Wiener Zeitung " ( Eng : Vienna Times ) on March 29 , 2007 .
USS Phoebe ( AMc - 57 ) USS " Phoebe " ( AMc - 57 ) was a coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . The first ship to be named " Phoebe " by the Navy , " AMc – 57 " was laid down by the Western Boat Building Co . , Tacoma , Washington , 5 December 1940 ; launched in 1941 ; purchased by the Navy 31 March 1941 ; and commissioned at Tacoma , Washington , 2 May 1941 . World War II service . " Phoebe " served exclusively in the Northwestern Sea Frontier . In July 1943 she was tactical command ship for a group of four minesweepers that cleared a defensive minefield which had been planted in 1942 to protect Shagak Bay and Bay of Islands , Adak , Alaska . By 4 August , they had exploded more than 340 mines . " Phoebe " continued operations as a dan buoy ship in Alaskan waters throughout the remainder of World War II , having been assigned to the Alaskan Sea Frontier . She was ordered to proceed from Dutch Harbor to Seattle , Washington , 21 October 1945 and decommissioned there 17 December 1945 . She was struck from the Navy List 8 January 1946 . " Phoebe " was delivered to the Maritime Commission which sold her to her builder , the Western Boat Building Co . , 27 March 1946 .
55th Heavy Brigade Combat Team ( United States ) The 55th Heavy Brigade Combat Team is a subordinate unit of the Army National Guard ’ s 28th Infantry Division . Its headquarters is in Scranton . History . The history of the 55th HBCT headquarters began in July , 1898 with the organization of Company K , 11th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment in Scranton . In August , 1899 the company was re - designated as Company K , 13th Pennsylvania Infantry . In September , 1916 Company K was activated for service on the Mexico - United States border during the Pancho Villa Expedition . Company K was activated again for federal service in August , 1917 . In October , 1917 Company K , 13th Pennsylvania was combined with Company K , 1st Pennsylvania Infantry , and the new unit was re - designated as Company K , 109th Infantry . The 109th Infantry Regiment fought in France during World War I as part of the 28th Infantry Division , and was demobilized in May , 1919 . In July , 1920 the unit was reorganized as Company K , 13th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment , and a 1921 reorganization resulted in Company K being renamed Company B , 109th Infantry Regiment . In February , 1941 the 109th Infantry was activated for service in World War II . The regiment fought in the European Theater as part of the 28th Infantry Division , and was demobilized in October , 1945 . The 109th Infantry was activated with the 28th Infantry Division during the Korean War , and served in West Germany from 1950 until returning home in 1954 . In June , 1959 Company B was reorganized and designated Company B , 1st Battle Group , 109th Infantry . Company B was re - designated Headquarters , 3rd Brigade , 28th Infantry Division in April , 1963 . In February , 1968 3rd Brigade was renamed the 55th Brigade . Recent events . 55th Brigade Soldiers and units took part in Operation Joint Forge in Bosnia - Herzegovina in 2002 and 2003 . Soldiers from the 55th Brigade have participated in operations since the September 11 , 2001 terrorist attacks , both as individuals and as members of units . These activations include Operations Noble Eagle , Enduring Freedom , Iraqi Freedom and . 3rd Battalion , 103rd Armor served in Afghanistan in 2008 , and was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation . In 2012 and 2013 , approximately half the 55th Brigade deployed to Kuwait to conduct security operations at several logistical bases as part of Operation New Dawn . Task organization . In 2005 and 2006 the 55th Brigade converted to a Heavy Brigade Combat Team as part of the Army ’ s transition to modular brigades . As of 2013 , the task organization consists of : 3rd Battalion , 103rd Armor Regiment ( Lewisburg ) ; 1st Battalion , 109th Infantry Regiment ( Scranton ) ; 1st Squadron , 104th Cavalry Regiment ( Philadelphia ) ; 1st Battalion , 109th Field Artillery Regiment ( Wilkes - Barre ) ; 228th Brigade Support Battalion ( Sellersville ) ; 55th Brigade Special Troops Battalion ( Scranton ) .
Eliseo Payán José Eliseo Payán Hurtado ( 1825 - 1895 ) was a Colombian lawyer , politician , and military officer . Payán as Vice President of Colombia assumed the Presidency of Colombia due to the absence of President Rafael Núñez in 1887 . Biographic data . Payán was born in Cali , on August 1 , 1825 . He died in Buga , on June 30 , 1895 . Early life . Payán studied in the " Colegio Santa Libarda " in Santiago de Cali , and later graduated as a lawyer , profession he practiced mostly in the city of Buga along with commerce and other administrative jobs . He also founded the Democratic Society of Buga and produced a newspaper called " " El Sentimiento Democrático " " with the help of Manuel Antonio Scarpetta and Ramón Mercado . Military career . Payán enlisted in the army , and most of the time was under the orders of liberal commanders . In 1840 , Payán participated in the War of the Supremes under the command of General José María Obando , fighting against the army of President José Ignacio de Márquez . Later , in 1854 , he joined the army of José Hilario López in the battles against José María Melo . Payán became a General in the army and participated in the Colombian Civil War of 1860 – 1862 supporting General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera against the legitimate and constitutional government of conservative President Mariano Ospina Rodríguez . General Payán intervened in the Colombian Civil War of 1876 to defend the government of Aquileo Parra . At the battle of " “ Los Chancos ” " he was taken prisoner by the conservative forces . General Julián Trujillo , commander of the Caucan Army , appointed him brigadier of a revolutionary division . He was able to confront and defeat the conservative forces in Antioquia , at the Battle of Batero . In 1879 he organized an army to topple the president of the State of Cauca . Governor Garcés was deposed and Payan gave control to a civilian , Ezequiel Hurtado , who was then elected as President of the State of Cauca . In 1885 , Payán joins the forces of conservative President Rafael Núñez in the civil war against the liberal rebels . After the war , Núñez appoints him as Minister of War . Political career . After the war Payán began his political career in the Provincial Chamber of Cauca , where he became known for his oratory skills . Between 1854 and 1855 Payán served in the National Congress as representative for Cauca . Presidente of Colombia . After being re - elected President of Cauca , Payán who had also being elected Vice President of Colombia , had to resign his post in Cauca to replace the ailing sitting President Núñez . He assumed office on January 6 , 1887 and served as president until June 4 of the same year . He once again was called to replace President Núñez on December 13 , of 1882 until February 8 , 1888 while the President recuperated . During his control of the presidency Payán decreed absolute freedom of press in the nation , policy that created great controversy , which forced him to resign as Vice President after the constant struggles with his opponents in Congress and the President himself .