naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Robert Rosenthal ( United States Air Force officer ) Lieutenant Colonel Robert " Rosie " Rosenthal ( June 11 , 1917 - April 20 , 2007 ) was a highly - decorated pilot in the Eighth Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces in World War II , receiving sixteen awards including the Distinguished Service Cross for " extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against the enemy , " the Silver Star ( with cluster ) for " gallantry in action , " the Distinguished Flying Cross ( with cluster ) for " heroism or extraordinary achievement during aerial flight , " the Air Medal ( with seven clusters ) and the Purple Heart ( with cluster ) , as well as the Distinguished Flying Cross from Great Britain and the Croix de Guerre from France . Intelligence Officer Marvin Bowman is quoted describing Rosenthal as " one of the great figures of the Air Force ; a shy , modest , and patriotic gentleman of truly amazing courage and achievement . " Rosenthal was a graduate of Brooklyn College and Brooklyn Law School , and had been working at a law firm in Manhattan when the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor . He enlisted in the United States Army on December 8 , 1941 and requested to be trained for combat . In August 1943 he joined the 418th Squadron of the 100th Bombardment Group , stationed at Thorpe Abbotts in England , as a pilot and aircraft commander of a B - 17 Flying Fortress crew . In March 1944 , Rosenthal ' s crew , nicknamed " Rosie ' s Riveters " , with their B - 17F , serial number 42 - 30758 bearing the same name , completed their 25 - mission combat tour and returned to the United States , but Rosenthal extended his tour , eventually flying a total of 53 missions . He later became commanding officer of the 350th Squadron . In 2006 , he was inducted into the Jewish - American Hall of Fame and medals were made depicting Rosenthal and his crew . Notable missions . On only his third mission with the 100th BG , out of 13 B - 17 s on an October 10 , 1943 mission over Münster , Rosenthal ' s was the only plane to return , with two engines dead , the intercom and the oxygen system non - functional , and with a large ragged hole in the right wing . In September 1944 , Rosenthal ' s plane was shot down over Germany , in which he broke his arm and nose . He was rescued by the Free French and returned to duty as soon as he had healed . On his second to last mission on February 3 , 1945 , Rosenthal led a mission to bomb Berlin . Although his bomber was in flames from a direct hit , he continued to the target to drop his payload ; then stayed with the plane until after the rest of the crew had bailed out , just before it exploded at only 1 , 000 feet altitude . He was recovered by the Soviet Army and again returned to duty . This raid also ended the life of Roland Freisler , the notorious " hanging judge " of the Third Reich ' s " Volksgerichtshof " . After the war , Rosenthal served as an assistant to the U . S . prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials , where he interrogated Hermann Göring . Robert Rosenthal died on April 20 , 2007 in White Plains , New York .
D . C . Curtis Derwood C . Curtis is a vice admiral in the United States Navy . As of 2010 , he is the Commander , Naval Surface Forces and concurrently Commander , Naval Surface Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet . Service . A native of Chicago , VADM Curtis graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1976 where he earned a bachelor ’ s degree in political science . Following commissioning , he attended the Surface Warfare Basic School in Newport , Rhode Island , and was awarded the Arleigh Burke Award . Curtis served in a variety of sea and shore assignments . At sea , his assignments include USS " Moinester " ( FF - 1097 ) , USS " Thorn " ( DD - 988 ) , USS " Dahlgren " ( DDG - 43 ) and Cruiser - Destroyer Group 2 / George Washington Battle Group . He also served as executive officer , USS " Scott " ( DDG - 995 ) , chief of staff to Commander , 2nd Fleet / Commander , Striking Fleet Atlantic / Task Force 120 , and Deputy Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Southern Command . His command tours include USS " Wainwright " ( CG - 28 ) , USS " Donald B . Beary " ( FFT - 1085 ) , Destroyer Squadron 14 , Naval Surface Group 2 and Commander , Carrier Strike Group 11 / Nimitz Strike Group . His shore assignments include the U . S . Naval Academy as a company officer ; the Bureau of Naval Personnel as the senior year group detailer ; the Chief of Naval Operations Aegis / DDG - 51 Program Office ; senior military assistant in the Office of Naval Warfare ; executive assistant and Naval aide to the 71st and 72nd Secretaries of the Navy ; and Navy Europe Programs , Strategy and Policy , and director , Transformation Activities for Commander , U . S . Naval Forces , Europe – 6th Fleet . His most recent assignment was as the 51st commander , Naval Surface Force , Atlantic and deputy commander , Naval Surface Forces where he served as the chief readiness officer for the Surface Warfare Enterprise . Curtis ’ personal decorations include the Legion of Merit , Defense Meritorious Service Medal , Meritorious Service Medal , Navy Commendation Medal , Navy Achievement Medal and other awards . He holds a Master of Science degree in administration from Central Michigan University and is a graduate of the National Defense University and the NATO Defense College Senior Course .
USS Redwood ( AN - 30 ) USS " Redwood " ( AN - 30 / YN - 25 ) was an " Aloe " - class net laying ship which was assigned to serve the U . S . Navy during World War II with her protective anti - submarine nets . Built in Cleveland , Ohio . " Redwood " ( YN - 25 ) was laid down by the American Shipbuilding Company , Cleveland , Ohio , 18 October 1940 ; launched 22 February 1941 ; and commissioned 12 December 1942 , Lt . Comdr . Max A . Morrison , USNR , in command . World War II . Following shakedown , " Redwood " steamed south to the British West Indies . Engaged in the installation of torpedo net s at Trinidad until March 1943 , she shifted to Antigua in April , tending nets there through May . Net maintenance activities at Barbados , St . Thomas , and St . Lucia Islands followed and , in mid August , she commenced similar activities at Guantanamo Bay . For the remainder of World War II she tended nets there and at ports on Hispaniola . Reclassified " AN - 30 " , 20 January 1944 , " Redwood " returned to Trinidad in August 1945 and through September assisted in disposal of nets at sea . Post - war decommissioning . She then sailed for the U . S . East Coast and , after availability at Charleston Navy Yard , she reported on 24 November to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs , Florida , where she decommissioned 6 June 1947 . In June 1961 she was transferred to the U . S . Maritime Administration ' s National Defense Reserve Fleet .
SM U - 159 SM " U - 159 " was a Type U - 158 submarine of the Kaiserliche Marine , built during the First World War . SM " U - 159 " was one of six 810 - ton boats ordered in February 1917 . She was one of two ships built to an improved design developed from the Type U - 115 design , along with her sister , SM " U - 158 " . They were known as ' Project 25 ' , and had a greatly increased radius of action . Both ships were built at Kaiserliche Werft Danzig , with " U - 159 " being launched on 25 May 1918 . The war ended before she could see active service , and she was broken up in 1919 .
USS Port Fire ( 1864 ) USS " Port Fire " ( 1863 ) was a steamer commissioned by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She served the navy fleet during the blockade of ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America as an ammunition ship . Built in Maine in 1864 . " Port Fire " , a screw tug , built at the Portsmouth Navy Yard , Kittery , Maine , in 1863 , was launched 8 March 1864 . Civil War service . She served through the Civil War as a powder tug . Decommissioning . " Port Fire " was sold in January 1878 . She was later broken up at Portsmouth , New Hampshire .
Lexington Battle Green The Lexington Battle Green , properly known as Lexington Common , is the site of the opening shots of the American Revolution in 1775 during the Battle of Lexington . The Common had been purchased by subscription of some of the town ' s leading citizens in 1711 . In 1775 local militiamen emerged from Buckman Tavern adjacent to the common and formed two rows on the common to face arriving British troops . The militiamen suffered the first casualties of the American Revolution when the two sides exchanged fire . The Battle Green is located at the center of Lexington , Massachusetts , and serves as the main staging area for the annual reenactment of the Battle of Lexington and Concord . A statue representing Captain John Parker , the leader of the Lexington militia , stands at the eastern edge of the Common . It was erected in 1900 at the bequest of Francis Brown Hayes , and was sculpted by well - known Massachusetts artist Henry Hudson Kitson .
HMS D6 HMS " D6 " was a British D class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . " D6 " was laid down on 24 February 1910 , launched 24 October 1911 and was commissioned on 19 April 1912 . " D6 " was the first of the D class to be armed with guns forward of the conning tower . Sinking . " D6 " was sunk by " UB - 73 " 73 miles north of Inishtrahull Island off the west coast of Ireland on 24 or 28 June 1918 . There were two survivors who were taken prisoner . Their post - war report apparently prompted the British to conclude that the torpedo that sank her had employed a magnetic pistol .
Friedrich Koch ( general ) Friedrich Koch ( 15 January 1879 – 3 November 1961 ) was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the XXXXIV corps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
9th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 Months ) The 9th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 months ) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army between April 26 , 1861 – July 26 , 1861 , during the American Civil War . Service . The infantry regiment was organized at Springfield , Illinois and mustered in by Captain John Pope , United States Army , on April 26 , 1861 for a three - month service . The regiment was moved to Cairo , Illinois for garrison duty until July , 1861 . It was then attached to Prentiss ' Brigade . Companies " C " and " H " formed part of an expedition from Cairo to Little River on June 22 and 23 . By the time the regiment was mustered out on July 26 , 1861 , they had lost nine to disease .
Courcelette Memorial The Courcelette Memorial is a Canadian war memorial that commemorates the actions of the Canadian Corps in the final two and a half months of the infamous four and a half month long Somme Offensive of the First World War . The Canadians participated at the Somme from early September to the British offensives end in mid - November 1916 , engaging in several of the battles - within - the - battle of the Somme , including actions at : Flers - Courcelette , Thiepval Ridge , the Ancre Heights , the Ancre as well as a small role in providing relief to the First Australian Imperial Force in the final days of the Battle of Pozières . The battles on the Somme were the first in which all four Canadian divisions participated in the same battle , although not together in a cohesive formation . The Canadian divisions suffered over 24 , 000 casualties . Monument . Site Selection . The Canadian Battlefield Monument Commission established after the Great War was appointed to select the location and design of the memorials to commemorate the Canadian participation in the First World War . The Canadian National Vimy Memorial at Vimy Ridge was selected as the national memorial site and seven other locations at Hill 62 , St . Julien and Passchendaele in Belgium , as well as Le Quesnel , Dury , Courcelette and Bourlon Wood in France were chosen to commemorate significant battles the Canadian Expeditionary Force had engaged in . Each of the seven sites were to have an identical granite block inscribed with a brief description of the battle in both English and French . The particular location of the memorial corresponds to the position the Canadians reached by the end of the first day of fighting during the Battle of Flers Courcelette , almost two kilometres from their starting point on the outskirts of Pozières . Location & Design . The Courcelette Memorial sits beside the D929 ( Albert - Bapaume ) roadway , just south of the village of Courcelette itself . The site is a small square park with gardens of hedges and a variety of maple trees . The choice to not have a wide variety of colours in the gardens is a conscious attempt to help the visitor focus their visit on contemplating the considerable sacrifice and cost the Canadians shouldered during the battle . A ' Y ' shaped pathway leads from the entrance to stone seats at several places around the outer edge looking out at the former battlefield . In the centre of the park the grey granite block monument is set on a low circular flagstone terrace .
Joseph Harcourt Tombs Joseph Harcourt Tombs VC ( 1884 – 28 June 1966 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . VC action . A former sailor who was born in Melbourne , he was about 31 years old , and a Lance - Corporal in the 1st Battalion , The King ' s ( Liverpool Regiment ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 16 May 1915 near Rue du Bois , France , Lance - Corporal Tombs , on his own initiative , crawled out repeatedly under very heavy shell and machine - gun fire to bring in wounded men who were lying about 100 yards in front of our trenches . He rescued four men , one of whom he dragged back by means of a rifle sling placed round his own neck and the man ' s body . Later life . He later achieved the rank of Corporal . During World War II Tombs enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force and served at the Flying School in Trenton , Ontario . A 1952 operation to remove some of the shrapnel still embedded in his stomach was not completely successful , and in 1964 he suffered a stroke . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Museum of the King ' s Regiment in Liverpool , England . His grandfather was Henry Tombs , who received the VC for actions during the Indian Mutiny .
Aleksa Dundić Aleksa Dundić ( 1890s - July 8 , 1920 ) was a Croatian communist , a prominent participant in Russia ' s October Revolution . A popular character in Russian literature ( celebrated for his riding skills and courage ) , Dundić was honoured with the Order of the Red Banner . In 1958 , a joint Yugoslav - Soviet film Aleksa Dundić was directed by Leonid Lukov . Biography . His birth date has been claimed as April 13 , 1896 or August 12 , 1897 . His birthplace has been given as Grabovac , near Šestanovac in Dalmatia , Austrian Empire ( now Croatia ) . According to most historians , he was born into an ethnic Croat peasant family . At the age of 12 he went to South America , where he worked for 4 years as a shepherd in Argentina and Brazil . Other accounts alleges that he received education in the Kingdom of Serbia in Niš , and that he after graduation worked in a mechanical workshop . In 1914 he was recruited as a private in the Austro - Hungarian Army . During the First World War in May 1916 , Dundić was taken prisoner by Russian troops near Lutsk . He volunteered to join the First Division of the Serbian Volunteer Corps in Russia . From the mid - 1917 he was a member of the Red Guard ( presumably in Odessa ) . In March , 1918 , he headed a guerrilla squad in the region of Bahmut ( now Artemovsk ) that later joined the Morozov - Donetsk division , which retreated together with the army of K . E . Voroshilov towards Tsaritsyn in June 1918 . He participated in the defence of Tsaritsyn as a member of an international battalion , then with cavalry brigades of Kryuchkovsky and Bulatkin . From 1919 , he served in the Special Don Caucasus Division of Semyon Budyonny ( later in the cavalry corps and the First Mounted Army ) . He was deputy regiment commander , special aide to Semyon Budyonny , commander of mounted division at the headquarters of the First Mounted Army . Dundić took part in numerous battles and was wounded several times . The legendary courage of Dundić brought him ardent love and popularity among Budyonny ' s troops . From June 1919 he was the deputy commander of the 36th regiment of the 6th cavalry division . He was killed on 8 July 1920 in battle in Rovno , Ukraine . He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner .
Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road Union Order of Battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road ( Oct 27 - 28 , 1864 ) during the Petersburg Campaign of the American Civil War . Order of battle is compiled from the official tabulation of casualties and includes only units which sustained casualties . Army of the James . X Corps . BG Alfred H . Terry XVIII Corps . MG Godfrey Weitzel
German WW 2 Sonic Cannon During the early 1940s Axis engineers developed a sonic cannon that could literally shake a person apart from the inside . A methane gas combustion chamber leading to two parabolic dish es pulse - detonated at roughly 44 hz . Health effects . This infrasound , magnified by the dish reflectors , caused vertigo and nausea at by vibrating the middle ear bones and shaking the cochlear fluid within the inner ear . At distances of the sound wave s could act on organ tissues and fluids by repeatedly compressing and releasing compressive resistant organs such as the kidneys , spleen , and liver . ( It had little detectable effect on malleable organs such as the heart , stomach and intestine s . ) Lung tissue was affected at only the closest ranges as atmospheric air is highly compensable and only the blood rich alveoli resist compression . Usefulness . In practice , the weapon system was highly vulnerable to enemy fire . Rifle , bazooka and mortar rounds easily deformed the parabolic reflectors , rendering the wave amplification ineffective .
Roberto Viaux Roberto Urbano Viaux Marambio ( Talca , May 25 , 1917 - Santiago , September 5 , 2005 ) was a Chilean Army General and the primary planner in two failed coup d ' état attempts in Chile in 1969 and 1970 . The first was against President Eduardo Frei Montalva and the second aimed to prevent Socialist Salvador Allende ' s election . Prior to his involvement in the René Schneider case , Viaux was a very well respected and admired military leader . He became famous when he led a small military insurrection ( known as Tacnazo ) on October 21 , 1969 . In that occasion he basically shut himself up with the " Tacna " regiment inside its barracks and went on a strike . He demanded a pay - raise for the Army and the resignation of both the Defense Minister and the Army Commander - in - Chief . After tense negotiations with the government , he deposed his strike when the government promised to study his salary demands and the Commander - in - Chief resigned . On October 22 , 1970 coup - plotters loyal to Viaux attempted to kidnap constitutionalist Chilean Army Commander - in - chief General René Schneider , who was adamantly opposed to any prospect of a coup . The official car was ambushed at a street intersection in the capital city of Santiago , Chile . When General Schneider drew a gun to defend himself , he was shot point - blank several times . Rushed to a military hospital the wounds proved fatal and he died three days later , on October 25 . General Viaux was later convicted of involvement with the plot and imprisoned . Critics of U . S . policy in Chile at the time , including journalist Christopher Hitchens , have accused former U . S . National Security Advisor and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger of conspiring with Viaux in the murder of General Schneider . As far as Kissinger ' s role in the coup , declassified U . S . documents show that while the Central Intelligence Agency had explored the possibility of supporting a Viaux coup , they later decided that his ideology was " far out " and , while maintaining contact with him , did not provide him with direct support . In a declassified October 15 conversation with President Richard Nixon about the matter , Kissinger said , " " This looks hopeless . I turned it off . Nothing could be worse than an abortive coup . " " Although contact with the Viaux group was ended , a cable from CIA headquarters to the Santiago station reveals that the CIA later arranged the delivery of sub - machine guns and ammunition to a group lead by General Valenzuela , but later that day Schneider was shot by the group led by Viaux . The weapons along with $ 50 , 000 were later recovered by US military attaché to Chile Colonel Wilmert after he " pistol - whipped " General Valenzuela , who at first refused to hand the money over . Wilmert then drove to Vina del Mar where he threw the sub - machine guns into the Pacific Ocean . In August 1973 , Viaux was released and exiled to Paraguay . He was not involved in the successful 1973 coup , and was only allowed to return to Chile in 1990 by President Patricio Aylwin . He lived quietly in retirement in Santiago , until his death on September 5 , 2005 .
Club ( weapon ) A club ( also known as cudgel , baton , truncheon , nightstick , or bludgeon ) is among the simplest of all weapons . A club is essentially a short staff , or stick , usually made of wood , and wielded as a weapon since prehistoric times . Most clubs are small enough to be swung in one hand although two - handed variants are known . Various kinds of clubs are used in martial arts and other specialized fields , including the law - enforcement baton . The military mace is a more sophisticated descendant of the club , typically made of metal and featuring a spiked , knobbed or flanged head attached to a shaft . The wounds inflicted by a club are generally known as " bludgeoning " or " blunt - force trauma " injuries . Law enforcement . Police forces and their predecessors have traditionally favored the use , whenever possible , of less - lethal weapon s than guns or blades to impose public order or to subdue and arrest law - violators . Until recent times , when alternatives such as tasers and capsicum spray became available , this category of policing weapon has generally been filled by some form of wooden club variously termed a truncheon , baton , nightstick or lathi . Short , flexible clubs are also often used , especially by plainclothes officers who need to avoid notice . These are known colloquially as blackjacks , saps , or coshes . Conversely , criminals have been known to arm themselves with an array of homemade or improvised clubs , generally of easily concealable sizes , or which can be explained as being carried for legitimate purposes ( such as baseball bats ) . In addition , Shaolin monks and members of other religious orders around the world have employed cudgels from time to time as defensive weapons . Types . Though perhaps the simplest of all weapons , there are many varieties of club , including :