naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Touch hole A touch hole is a small hole through which the propellant charge of a cannon or muzzleloading gun is ignited . In small arms , the flash from a charge of priming held in the flash pan is enough to ignite the charge within . In artillery , priming powder , a fuse , squib , or friction igniter is inserted into the touch hole to ensure ignition of the charge . The powder in the touch hole was lit either with a slow match , a linstock or a type of Flintlock mechanism that was known as a " gunlock " . Spiking the guns . If a cannon was in danger of being captured by the enemy , its crew would " spike " the gun to prevent it from being used against them . This would involve hammering a barbed steel spike into the touch - hole , which could be removed only with great difficulty . Covert missions to spike the enemy ' s guns could also be done to prevent counterattacks and protect ships during withdrawal , as in the case of the " Ranger " ' s attack on Whitehaven during the American Revolutionary War . Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck , in his " Lectures on the Tactics of Cavalry " , recommended that every cavalry soldier should carry the equipment needed to spike guns if an encounter with enemy artillery was expected .
USS Legonia II ( SP - 399 ) USS " Legonia II " ( SP - 399 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1921 . " Legonia II " was built as the private steam yacht " Walucia " in 1909 by Pusey & Jones at Wilmington , Delaware . She later was renamed " Lydonia " , then " Legonia II " . On 6 June 1917 , the U . S . Navy purchased her from William B . Hurst of Baltimore , Maryland , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . The Navy took delivery of her from Hurst on 9 June 1917 , and she was enrolled in the Naval Coast Defense Reserve on 12 June 1917 . She was commissioned at Baltimore as USS " Legonia II " ( SP - 399 ) on 14 June 1917 with Lieutenant Commander Hm . L . Walker in command . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Legonia II " was based at Norfolk , Virginia , for the rest of World War I . She served as a messenger and dispatch vessel and as flagship of the Commandant , 5th Naval District , and as flagship made visits to Norfolk ; Washington , D . C . ; Annapolis , Maryland ; and Baltimore . In addition , she served as a harbor and coastal guard ship off Cape Henry , Virginia , patrolled submarine net s , and escorted arriving and departing merchant ships through the defensive sea area of Hampton Roads . After the war ended on 11 November 1918 , she remained in service as flagship of the naval district . " Legonia II " was decommissioned on 1 August 1921 . She was sold to Dr . John M . Masury of Norfolk on 30 September 1921 .
W55 The W55 was an American thermonuclear warhead used as the warhead for the SUBROC antisubmarine rocket system . The W55 was designed in the early - 1960s , and produced from 1964 to 1968 . The last units were retired from service in 1990 . A total of 285 W55 weapons were produced . The W55 reportedly had a yield of 1 to 5 kilotons . , which is very low for a two - stage thermonuclear device and may only refer to the yield of the primary stage . Some sources suggest that the W55 evolved from the experimental bomb tested in the Hardtack I Olive nuclear test on July 22 , 1958 , which had a full two - stage yield estimated at 202 kilotons . The W55 is 35 cm ( 13 . 5 inches ) in diameter , 1 metre ( 39 . 4 inches ) long , and weighs 213 kg ( 470 pounds ) . Researcher Chuck Hansen claims based on his US nuclear program research that the W55 and W58 warheads shared a common Primary or fission first stage , and that this design was nicknamed the Kinglet primary by Hansen in 2001
Combat Outpost Shocker Combat Outpost Shocker ( COP Shocker ) was a United States Coalition base located in Zurbatiyah , Iraq . The base is located parallel to Iraqi 3rd Region BDE Department of Border Enforcement ( DBE ) . Assigned to the base were a contingent of Iraq Assistance Group Military transition team s , United States Border Patrol and U . S . Canine unit . The base planning and design was headed by U . S . Army Captain James Văn Thạch and completed in October 2007 . Rocket attack . On 29 June 2011 , Iranian - backed Kata ' ib Hezbollah , also known as the Hezbollah Brigades fired IRAM rockets that struck COP Shocker . The attack resulted in the deaths of three Army soldiers , Captain Matthew G . Nielson , Captain David E . Van Camp and Sergeant Robert G . Tenney . Transfer of base . On 30 July 2011 , the United States military turned over responsibility of COP Shocker to the Iraqi 3rd Region BDE Department of Border Enforcement ( DBE ) .
Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1910 naval gun The Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1910 was a medium calibre naval gun of the French Navy used during World War I and World War II . It was carried by the dreadnoughts of the " Courbet " and " Bretagne " classes as their secondary armament and planned for use in the " Normandie " - class battleship s . It was used as the primary armament for the " Arras " - class sloops and planned for the light cruiser " Lamotte Picquet " that was canceled in 1915 . It was also used in coast defense batteries during both World Wars . Design . The 55 caliber " Mle 1910 " used the typical built - up construction of its time . It had a screw breech and used separate - loading ammunition . In the battleships it was installed in armored casemates , using central pivot mounts , but no details are available . Presumably a variant of this mount was used for the sloops . Initially the casemate mount had a range of elevation from - 10° to + 15° , but this was later changed to - 7° to + 25° . The casemate mount could traverse a total of 160° . Ammunition . The propellant charge for the " Mle 1910 " was contained in a cartridge case that would be used for all succeeding French guns of this caliber . Of course the actual amount of powder would vary with each gun , but it standardized the chamber size for all French guns . Coast defense duties . Twenty " Mle 1910 " guns were used by the Germans as coast defense guns along the French Mediterranean coast , although it is unclear if these guns were simply taken over by the Germans or if they were emplaced by them . In 1942 14 guns removed from the battleships Courbet and Paris were installed in coast defence batteries at Dawlish , Hayle , Padstow , Par , Sidmouth , Port Talbot and Whitehaven in the UK . These guns were returned to France in September 1945 .
Chinese gunboat Pingyuan The Pingyuan ( Chinese : 平远 ) was a Chinese armored cruiser built by the Mawei Navy Yard , modelled on the French . The name is also spelled " Ping Yuen " , " Ping Yuan " or " Ping - yüan " . The " Pingyuan " was firstly named " Longwei " ( Chinese : 龙威 ) , and was the first Chinese - built ironclad , though some of its components were imported from abroad . The " Pingyuan " was part of the Beiyang Fleet . Career . The " Pingyuan " fought in the Battle of the Yalu River , damaging the Japanese flagship , and was later captured in the siege of Weihai wei . She was then commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Navy , firstly as the " Ping Yuen Go " and later the .
Gotha Go 242 The Gotha Go 242 was a transport glider used by the " Luftwaffe " during World War II . It was an upgrade over the DFS 230 in both cargo / troop capacity and flight characteristics . Though it saw limited action , it appeared in multiple variants . Development . The Go 242 was designed by Albert Kalkert in response to a " Reichsluftfahrtministerium " ( RLM ) requirement for a heavy transport glider to replace the DFS 230 then in service . The requirement was for a glider capable of carrying 20 fully laden troops or the equivalent cargo . The aircraft was a high - wing monoplane with a simple square - section fuselage ending in clamshell doors used to load cargo . The empennage was mounted on twin booms linked by a tailplane . The fuselage was formed of steel tubing covered with doped fabric . The flight characteristics of the design were better than those of the DFS 230 . Cargo versions of the glider featured a hinged rear fuselage loading ramp that could accommodate a small vehicle such as a " Kübelwagen " or loads of similar size and weight . The glider was tested with rockets for overloaded take offs , a rack of four 48 kg ( 106 lb ) Rheinmetall 109 - 502 rockets mounted on the rear of the cargo compartment . A second rocket called the " R Device " was also used with the glider - it was a liquid - fuel Heinkel rocket engine R I - 203 ( HWK 109 - 500A ) which was mounted beneath the wing on either side of the body and was ejected after takeoff , parachuting down to be recycled . Two prototypes flew in 1941 and the type quickly entered production . A total of 1 , 528 were built , 133 of which were converted to the Go 244 , with two 500 kW ( 700 hp ) Gnome - Rhone engines fitted to forward extensions of the tail booms . Operational history . In service , Go 242s were towed into the air by Heinkel He 111 s or Junkers Ju 52 s , and were occasionally fitted with RATO equipment . Most saw service in the Mediterranean , North Africa and Aegean . Ju 87D - 2 s had strengthened rear fuselage and combined tailwheel and hook for towing the Go 242 . A few gliders , the Go 242 C - 1 variant , were constructed with a flying boat - style hull allowing water landings . It was proposed that some carry a small catamaran assault boat with a explosive charge suspended between its hulls . The proposed mission profile was for the pilot to land near an enemy ship and transfer to the assault boat , setting off at high speed for the enemy ship and locking the controls before bailing out .
93rd Reserve Infantry Regiment The 93rd Reserve Infantry Regiment ( German : Reserve - Infanterie - Regiment , Nr . 93 ) was unit in the Imperial German Army during the First World War . Established shortly after the outbreak of war in 1914 , it was affiliated with the 4th Foot Guards in Berlin . Within weeks of its formation , the unit was fully manned and departed for Belgium where it was soon actively engaged in combat operations . With the creation of the 4th Guards Infantry Division in May 1915 , the regiment was attached to its 5th Guards Infantry Brigade . The unit lost over 3 , 000 men killed and was disbanded when the war ended .
1st Fighter Squadron ( Commando ) The 1st Fighter Squadron ( Commando ) is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Tenth Air Force , based at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 12 November 1945 . Aircraft . Operational history . Trained for operations with P - 51 Mustang s as part of Third Air Force and trained at the Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics . Moved to India , September – November 1944 assigned to Tenth Air Force . Combat in CBI , 14 February - 9 May 1945 . After May 1945 in training . Returned to the US during October — November 1945 .
Capture of the Bahamas ( 1783 ) The Capture of the Bahamas took place in April 1783 , late in the American War of Independence , when a Loyalist expedition under the command of Andrew Deveaux set out to retake the Bahamas from the Spanish . The expedition was successful and Nassau fell without a shot being fired . It was one of the last actions of the entire war . Background . The Bahamas had been taken by Spanish forces in May 1782 . However Saint Augustine in East Florida was still in British hands , the Spanish thinking it too well defended to attack . A plan was devised to retake the Bahamas by launching an attack on Nassau . Andrew Deveaux was a Loyalist and veteran of the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War . Recapture . Major Deveaux departed from Saint Augustine with seventy followers and was joined at sea two days later by the 26 - gun privateer brigantine " Perseverance " of Thomas Dow and the 16 - gun , 120 - man brigantine " Whitby Warrior " of Daniel Wheeler . The expedition anchored off Harbour and Eleuthera on 6 April , recruiting another 170 volunteers for an attempt against the Spanish garrison at New Providence . Four days later the sloop " Flor de Mayo " reached New Providence with a message from the governor of Cuba Luis de Unzaga , saying that peace preliminaries had been signed back in Europe and that the Bahamas were to be restored to British rule in exchange for East Florida . When Deveaux ' s flotilla drew near to New Providence on 13 April , the Spanish commander Claraco mistook it for smugglers . His customs patrols were surprised at dawn the following morning to find a heavily - armed landing party storming ashore to occupy Fort Montagu and three guardboats . Claraco retreated into his citadel and a brief ceasefire was arranged ; Deveaux rescinded it next day . The Spaniards scuttled their remaining warships on 16 April and huddled within the main fort , before deciding to surrender it two days later . Aftermath . Over 600 Spaniards surrendered , and 50 cannon and seven ships were captured . Some of the ships that had been scuttled were later refloated and the Spaniards were repatriated to Cuba . By this time , Britain had already given up East Florida in exchange for the Bahamas in the preliminary talks of the Treaty of Paris . As a reward for his efforts in the Bahamas , Deveaux was given a large portion of Cat Island , where he built a mansion at Port Howe , Cat Island , the remains of which can be seen today .
William H . Smith ( Medal of Honor ) William H . Smith ( born 1847 - 5 October 1877 ) was a Private in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action at Chiricahua Mountains , Arizona Territory on October 20 , 1869 during the Indian Wars . Biography . Smith was born in 1847 in Lapeer County , Michigan , and joined the Army in 1869 . He died at Camp Howard , Idaho Territory on 5 October 1877 . He should not be confused with William Smith , who was also awarded the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action in the same location on the same day . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company G , 1st Cavalry Regiment . Place and date : At Chiricahua Mountains , Ariz . , October 20 , 1869 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Lapeer County , Mich . Date of issue : February 14 , 1870 . Citation : Gallantry in action .
Charles Bonham - Carter General Sir Charles Bonham - Carter GCB CMG DSO ( 25 February 1876 – 21 October 1955 ) was a British Army officer and later Governor of Malta . Early life . Bonham - Carter was born on 25 February 1876 at Paddington , London the ninth of eleven children of Henry and Sibella Charlotte Bonham - Carter . His father was a director of an insurance company . He was educated at Clifton College near Bristol and then the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . Military . Bonham - Carter joined the Army in 1896 and saw active service in the Second Boer War . He went to the British Army Staff College in Camberley and joined the British Expeditionary Force to France as a regimental officer . He held a number of staff posts in France and between 1917 and 1918 he was Brigadier General Staff ( Training ) at the General Head Quarters , despite opposition he started programmes to train the men in general and vocational subjects . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the American Distinguished Service Medal for his work and was mentioned in dispatches five times . After the First World War Bonham - Carter served in Turkey and India , and in 1927 became Director of Staff Duties . In 1931 he moved to become General Officer Commanding the 4th Division in Colchester . In 1933 he was promoted to Lieutenant - General and became Director - General of the Territorial Army until 1936 . Malta . In 1936 Bonham - Carter was appointed Governor and Commander in Chief of Malta following the death of General Sir David Campbell . It was a time of political unrest on the island and a constitutional body was formed to find a more representative form of self - government , the earlier constitution had been suspended . The subsequent changes overseen by Bonham - Carter was to create something more representative and acceptable to the population . Although a strong supporter of the need to defend the islands after war was declared in 1939 , but by October 1940 he had become ill and had to resign his post , effective 11 October 1940 . Retirement . Bonham - Carter took a number of posts in retirement including chairman of the Royal School , Bath , chairman of the Royal School for Soldier ' s Daughters in Hampstead . He was also a governor of his old school Clifton College . He died at home in Petersfield , Hampshire on 21 October 1955 . Family . Bonham - Carter first married in 1902 Gladys Beryl Coddington and they had two sons . Following a divorce in 1909 he married Gabrielle Madge Jeanette Fisher in 1911 and they had a son , Victor . His brothers included Edgar Bonham Carter and Maurice Bonham Carter , the latter of whom is the grandfather of actress Helena Bonham Carter .
John Edwards ( Arkansas ) John Edwards ( October 24 , 1815 - April 8 , 1894 ) was an American Civil War brigadier general in the Union Army , an American politician and a U . S . Representative from Arkansas . Biography . Born in Louisville , Kentucky , Edwards received a limited schooling , but he studied law and was admitted to the bar . He married Eliza Jane Knight on July 8 , 1834 in , Lawrence , Indiana , and they had seven children : Eugene Edgar , John , Marcus , Mary W . , Susan Huldah , William T . , and Montgomery Gray . His second wife was Catherine Whisenand , and they were married on May 8 , 1854 in Chariton , Iowa . They had three children : Nancy , Clarence B . , and Alfred . On April 28 , 1880 , he married Mary Burland Bevans in Washington , D . C . , and they had two daughters : Frances Sterling ( " Fanny " ) and Mary Ellen ( " Mamie " ) . Career . In order to live in a free state , Edwards moved to Indiana , where he served in the Indiana House of Representatives in 1845 and 1846 . He had inherited slaves from his father ' s estate in Kentucky but freed them and gave them property with which to begin a new life in Indiana . He moved to California , and in 1849 was elected an alcalde . Edwards returned to Indiana in 1852 , and as a Whig , he served as member of the Indiana State Senate in 1853 . In 1853 he moved to Chariton , Iowa , where he began the practice of law . In 1856 he was chosen a member of the convention which framed the new state constitution which was adopted the following year . He was founder in 1857 of the " Patriot " newspaper , and became a Republican when that party was organized . In 1858 he was a member of the House of the Seventh General Assembly . He was reelected and in 1860 was chosen Speaker of the House of the Eighth General Assembly . When the Civil War began Edwards was appointed as lieutenant colonel May 21 , 1861 and served as aide on the staff of Governor Kirkwood of Iowa protecting the Missouri border from invasion . On August 8 , 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the 18th Iowa Volunteer Infantry , serving through the war , after which he was brevetted brigadier general of volunteers to date from September 26 , 1864 . After the war Edwards settled at Fort Smith , Arkansas , and was appointed by President Johnson as Assessor of Internal Revenue and served from August 15 , 1866 to May 31 , 1869 . He was presented credentials of election as a Liberal Republican to the Forty - second Congress and served from March 4 , 1871 , to February 9 , 1872 , when he was succeeded by Thomas Boles , who contested the election . Not a candidate for renomination , he settled in Washington , D . C . . Death . Edwards died in Washington , D . C . , on April 8 , 1894 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . External links . Retrieved on 2008 - 08 - 11
509th Weapons Squadron The 509th Weapons Squadron is a United States Air Force unit . It is assigned to the USAF Weapons School , stationed at Fairchild AFB , Washington . The 509th WPS is a Geographically Separated Unit ( GSU ) of the 57th Wing , assigned to Nellis AFB , Nevada . The mission of the squadron is to provide KC - 135 Stratotanker instructional flying . History . Activated in 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator Operational Training Unit ( OTU ) ; then a Replacement Training Unit ( RTU ) . Inactivated in April 1944 with the end of heavy bomber training . Reactivated as an air refueling squadron at Roswell AFB ( later Walker AFB ) , New Mexico , the first such unit in the United States Air Force . Initially equipped with KB - 29M aerial tanker which carried a system of hoses , reels , winches and fuel pumps needed for the transfer of the fuel to the receiver aircraft . A power - driven reel for the refuelling hose was installed in the rear fuselage at the position where the lower aft turret had been located prior to its removal . The KB - 29M also had a cable and associated winch ( known as the contact line ) that was used to assist in the setup of the connection between the two aircraft . Although the hose refueling system proved to be feasible , in practice the system had the disadvantage in taking a long time to make the contact and engage the hoses . Once contact was made , the rate of fuel transfer was slow , and the hoses provided a lot of aerodynamic drag which limited the airspeed . Consequently , the hose system was used for only a few years before it was replaced by the Boeing - developed flying boom system ( KB - 29L ) . Conducted air refueling using KC - 97 and KC - 135 stratotankers until being inactivated in 1994 .
Jack Weinstein ( general ) Jack Weinstein is a Major General in the United States Air Force . Career . Weinstein joined the Air Force in 1982 . He then began training at Vandenberg Air Force Base . The following year , he was stationed at Grand Forks Air Force Base . He remained there until 1988 , at which time he returned to Vandenberg Air Force Base and was assigend to the 1st Strategic Aerospace Division . In 1991 , he became Executive Officer of the Twentieth Air Force at Vandenberg . In 1992 , Weinstein was assigned to Air Combat Command . The following year , he transferred to Air Force Space Command . From 1995 to 1997 , he was an ICBM requirements officer and Deputy Chief of Staff of United States Strategic Command . He then joined the 12th Space Warning Squadron at Thule Air Base in Greenland . After returning for a time to United States Strategic Command , Weinstein assumed command of the 90th Operations Group at Francis E . Warren Air Force Base in 2003 . In 2005 , he returned again to Vandenberg Air Force Base , where he assumed command of the 30th Space Wing . Also during this time , Weinstein was deployed overseas to serve as Director of Space Forces in the War in Afghanistan ( 2001 – present ) and the Iraq War . In 2007 , he returned to Air Force Space Command as Director of Plans , Programs and Analyses . He has been assigned to The Pentagon since 2009 . Awards he has received include the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters , the Defense Meritorious Service Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Joint Service Commendation Medal , the Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Combat Readiness Medal , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal , the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal , the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal and the Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal . In October 2013 , Weinstein was selected by Lt . General James Kowalski — the commander of the Air Force Global Strike to temporarily replace Maj . Gen . Michael Carey for alleged personal misbehavior .