naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gerhard Matzky Gerhard Matzky ( 19 March 1894 – 9 June 1983 ) was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several corps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Matzky was captured by British troops in 1945 and was released in 1948 . In 1956 he joined the Bundeswehr and served until 1960 .
T92 Howitzer Motor Carriage The 240 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage T92 was a self - propelled howitzer developed by the United States of America during World War II . History . A limited production run was ordered in March 1945 , and the first test model was finished in July of that year . Total production of the T92 was five . Description . The 240 mm M1 howitzer was mounted on a slightly modified Heavy Tank T26E3 ( later the " Heavy Tank M26 Pershing " ) chassis - it used an extra bogie wheel , to bring a total of seven . Variants . A similar vehicle was also built in conjunction with the T92 , the 8in Gun Motor Carriage T93 . The T93 mounted the longer 8in M1 gun instead of the 240mm howitzer . Use . Limited numbers of both 240mm HMC T92s and 8in GMC T93s were going to be used in Operation Downfall , the planned invasion of the Japanese mainland . However , after the Japanese surrender on 14 August 1945 , the T92s and T93s were not shipped to the Pacific Theater of Operations . Preserved vehicles . A surviving T92 is preserved at the Detroit Arsenal in Warren , MI .
Caversham Airfield Caversham Airfield , also known as Middle Swan Airfield was an airfield constructed at Caversham , Western Australia during World War II as a parent aerodrome for the United States Fleet Air Arm of the 7th Fleet . The airfield had a triangle of three landing strips . Middle Swan was the parent airfield with the following satellite airfields : - The United States Army Air Corps also utilised the airfield during World War II . It was also a gliding club location after the war . Motor racing circuit . The airfield was later utilised as a motor racing circuit , hosting its first event in 1946 . It became Western Australia ' s premier motor racing venue , hosting the Australian Grand Prix in 1957 and 1962 and the Six Hour Le Mans endurance race from 1955 to 1968 . Racing activities ceased when the airfield was re - activated as a military facility and Western Australian racing shifted to Wanneroo Raceway in 1969 .
Air force officer rank insignia To assist in the comparison of different countries ' air force officer rank insignia , NATO rank codes have been used . These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure , although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation . Officer ranks go from OF - 1 up to OF - 10 ; OF ( D ) being a special category for trainee officers awaiting a commission . The system should not be confused with the pay grades used in the US military . While countries outside the NATO command structure ( including some NATO member countries such as France ) do not strictly fall into this classification structure and there may be incidences of overlap the codes still provide a useful gauge in determining what ranks are broadly equivalent . Note that the NATO officer rank codes ( OF - 1 to OF - 10 ) are differently numbered from the US officer rank codes ( O - 1 to O - 11 ) .
Butch Verich Demetrio ' Butch ' Verich was born in Laona , Wisconsin in 1932 of Serb - Montenegrin ancestry . In 1967 , Lieutenant Commander Butch Verich , along with two other VF - 162 F - 8s attacked enemy flak sites ahead of an A - 4 strike . Verich ' s Crusader was hit by a SAM , and he punched out over hostile North Vietnamese territory . He landed near the wreck of his burning fighter and evading enemy troops for 15 hours , waiting for rescue and avoiding capture . The SAR effort had been suspended as night came , but soon after dawn F - 8s , A - 1s , and A - 4s arrived as the largest ever Naval rescue operation of the Vietnam War . During this time , Verich fired a flare that directed the HS - 2 rescue helicopter from the carrier HORNET ( CVS - 12 ) to his position . The helo pilot and his crew braved intense enemy fire to finally drag Verich up into the quivering aircraft . It took 20 minutes and three tries to grab the helo ' s rescue sling , but Verich finally grabbed hold . The helicopter pilot , Lieutenant Neil Sparks , received the Navy Cross for his exploit . Butch is a retired attorney and District Attorney and currently resides in Laona , WI . References . http : / / books . google . ca / books ? id = pHl50wyy2ksC & pg = PA52 & lpg = PA52 & dq = butch + verich & source = bl & ots = 8zU361Bygw & sig = ZC8h0mHJibsb3AB4Z1Di4mdmfMA & hl = en & sa = X & ei = alpsUL7BMcvvrAH _ hIG4CQ & redir _ esc = y # v = onepage & q = butch % 20verich & f = false
Battle of Merdjayoun The Battle of Merdjayoun took place during the Syria - Lebanon Campaign of World War II from 19 – 24 June 1941 . It involved Australian troops defending a position against Vichy French attackers at and around Merdjayoun . They held a pass which could have allowed the Vichy French forces into the British Mandate of Palestine , with dire results . The 7th Australian Division — commanded by Major - General Arthur " Tubby " Allen — was reinforced by units from the 6th Australian Division . On 20 June , the French Information Office ( " Office Francais d ' Information " , OFI ) of the Vichy French government announced : " Yesterday the British attempted unsuccessfully to attack Damascus and Merjayoun , Lebanon . Indian and British troops advanced in the area south and southeast of Damascus , but we succeeded in repulsing them in counterattacks by our armoured units and took 400 prisoners . Yesterday afternoon our troops warded off an enemy attack in the mountainous zone of southern Lebanon . We took 80 prisoners in this operation . Along the coast , the British fleet continued to bombard or positions . " The 2 / 3rd Battalion of the 6th Division was part of the column sent to relieve elements of the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade Group which had been cut off and surrounded in Mezze , a western neighborhood of Damascus , after the Battle of Damascus . They gallantly stormed the high ground near Mezze but in spite of their efforts the column were only able to fight their way into Mezze a few hours after the Allied defenders , out of ammunition and without food for the previous 50 hours , had been overrun . The 2 / 5th Australian Field Regiment was also part of the relief column . Lieutenant Arthur Roden ( later Sir Roden ) Cutler repeatedly engaged enemy tanks , enemy infantry , enemy anti - tank , and enemy machine posts with his 25 - pounder field gun , his Boyes anti - tank rifle , his Bren gun , or his . 303 rifle . He later lost his leg during the Battle of Damour , but was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at both Merdjayoun and Damour . Cutler is the only Australian artilleryman to ever been awarded the VC . Follow - up . On 29 June , the Vichy French government announced in a communique : " The British Fleet has bombed our coastal positions in the Middle East . We have evacuated several of our bases in the mountains of southern Lebanon under cover of artillery fire which inflicted heavy losses on our assailants . Our aerial forces , supported by naval aircraft , repeatedly intervened in the ground fighting , especially around Palmyra ( Syria ) . A British colonel and 40 men were captured . " On 30 June , the Headquarters of Lieutenant - General Henry Maitland Wilson ( Allied commander in Lebanon and Syria ) announced : " The Allied offensive against Homs ( Syria ) is making substantial progress . An Australian squadron flying American - model aircraft , shot down a formation of six Vichy French Glenn Martin bombers in aerial combat . The Australians came back without losses to themselves . "
V Corps ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ) The Fifth Corps was one of seven corps in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The formation was around the Bihać pocket to protect it against the surrounding Serb forces . The Fifth Corps also fought secessional Muslim forces loyal to Fikret " Babo " Abdić , who was cooperating with Serb and Croat forces . In the last military action of the ARBIH , Operation " Sana 95 " , the corps defeated Abdić ' s supporters and brought a number of regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina under government control . History . The ministry of military affairs passed the order for the formation of the Fifth Corps of the ARBIH on September 29 , 1992 and the final approval by the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( order no . 02 - 111 - 738 / 92 ) on October 21 , 1992 . In the formation of the 5th Corps there have been the de - formation of the Unsko - sanski Operative Group and the Territorial Defense of Bihac . 5th Corps command . Major Hajrudin Osmanagić was given control , but he was eliminated before he took the post and Captain First class Ramiz Dreković took control as commander of the Fifth Corps , thus becoming first commander of the Fifth Corps . After him , Brigadier General Atif Dudaković became commander of the Fifth Corps . He had the most impact of all the generals of the corps .
Lydden Spout Battery Lydden Spout Battery is a World War II coastal defence battery built in 1941 west of Dover . Originally armed with three 6 inch Mark VII naval guns on Mark V mountings , later upgraded to Mark XXIV guns on the same mountings . Fan Bay Battery to the east of Dover is built to the same plan . The battery is to the south of the current A20 . Most of the buildings have been demolished and the emplacements filled with concrete , but the catering rooms survive . Lydden Spout Battery ' s remaining buildings above ground : Warrant Officer ’ s Mess / Sergeants Mess in the foreground . Dining room and cook house is the " L " shaped building behind .
Alesia ( city ) Alesia was the capital of the Mandubii , one of the Gallic tribes allied with the Aedui , and after Julius Caesar ' s conquest a Roman town ( oppidum ) in Gaul . There have been archeological excavations since the time of Napoléon III in Alise - Sainte - Reine in Côte d ' Or near Dijon , which have claimed that the historical Alesia is located there . New discoveries are constantly being made about this Gallo - Roman settlement on the plateau of Mont - Auxois . As a result of the latest excavation , a find was presented to the museum there with the inscription : " IN ALISIIA " , which finally dispelled the doubts of some archaeologists on the town ' s identity . Earlier theories . There have been other theories about Alesia ' s location that claimed it was in Franche - Comté or around Salins - les - Bains in Jura . In the 1960s , a French archaeologist , Andre Berthier , proposed that the location of Alesia is at Chaux - des - Crotenay in Franche - Comté , at the gate of the Jura mountains - a place that better suits the descriptions in Caesar ' s Gallic Wars - and indeed , Roman fortifications have been found at that site . The uncertainty surrounding Alesia ' s location is humorously parodied in the Asterix volume Asterix and the Chieftain ' s Shield , in which , in this case because of Gaulish pride , characters repeatedly deny that they know its location ( " " I don ' t know where Alesia is ! No one knows where Alesia is ! " " ) . Caesar ' s battle . In 52 BC , Alesia was the site of the decisive battle between the Romans under Julius Caesar and the Gauls under Vercingetorix . The battle ' s outcome determined the fate of all of Gaul : in winning the battle , the Romans won both the Gallic War and dominion over Gaul . The fight is described in detail by Caesar in his " Commentarii de Bello Gallico " ( Book 7 , 68 - 69 ) . The latest analysis at Alise - Sainte - Reine is said to corroborate the described siege in detail . The enormous measures taken during the battle were impressive : in only six weeks , Caesar ' s troops built a ring of fortifications 15 km long ( " circumvallation " ) around Alesia and an additional ring 21 km long ( " contravallation " ) around that to stop reinforcements ( around 250 , 000 men according to Caesar ) from reaching the Gauls . The remains of rings said to match these descriptions have been identified by archaeologists using aerial photography .
Otto Vellingk Otto Ottoson Vellingk ( 1649 - 1708 ) was a Swedish general during the Great Northern War . Biography . He was born in 1649 to Otto Gotthardsson Vellingk and Christina Nilsdotter Mannersköld , and had a brother , Mauritz Wellingk . He was promoted to general in 1698 . He participated in key battles of Great Northern War including : the Battle of Narva in 1700 , and the Crossing of Daugava near Riga in 1701 . He participated in the Battle of Klissow on July 9 , 1702 . He was in the Battle of Punitz on October 28 , 1704 . He was made a royal advisor in 1705 , and ennobled as a count in 1706 .
USS Bottineau ( APA - 235 ) USS " Bottineau " ( APA - 235 ) was a that saw service with the US Navy in World War II . " Bottineau " was named after Bottineau County , North Dakota . She was launched on 22 November 1944 by Kaiser Shipbuilding of Vancouver , Washington , under a Maritime Commission contract ; transferred to the Navy 30 December , and commissioned the same day , Captain H . B . Edgar in command . Operational history . Reporting to the Pacific Fleet , " Bottineau " carried a cargo of ammunition to Pearl Harbor during March 1945 . Departing Pearl Harbor 9 April she carried replacement troops to Saipan , Marianas Islands , and evacuated casualties from Okinawa before returning to the United States on 10 June 1945 . She then carried replacement troops to the Philippines and returned to Pearl Harbor to prepare for the invasion of Japan . After hostilities . Following the Japanese surrender she landed elements of the 98th Division at Wakayama , Honshū , Japan , 1 October 1945 . " Bottineau " departed 6 October for Guam and returned to the United States with Pacific veterans , arriving at Seattle , Washington , 26 January 1946 . Atomic bomb tests . Between February and May 1946 " Bottineau " operated between San Francisco and San Diego . Departing San Pedro , California , 25 May 1946 , she arrived at Bikini Atoll 6 June for Operation Crossroads , designed to test the effectiveness of atomic bombs on warships . Over 200 warships participated in the operation , 75 of them as targets . " Bottineau " ' s role in the tests was to act as a transport for the target vessel boarding teams . Following the tests she returned to San Francisco , arriving 21 August . She was placed out of commission in reserve there 8 March 1947 . Second commission . Recommissioned 24 March 1951 , " Bottineau " served with Amphibious Forces , Pacific Fleet , until August when she steamed to Norfolk , Virginia , arriving 4 September . " Bottineau " served with the Atlantic Fleet , taking part in amphibious training exercises and other routine peacetime duties , until going out of commission at Philadelphia 31 August 1955 . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1961 and returned to the Maritime Administration , who transferred her to the National Defense Reserve Fleet , James River , Fort Eustis , Virginia . On 1 January 1969 , while still in the Reserve Fleet , she was redesignated an amphibious transport , LPA - 235 . She was disposed of between July 1983 and January 1984 , probably being sold for scrap . Decorations . For her World War II service " Bottineau " received one battle star .
USS Connolly ( DE - 306 ) USS " Connolly " ( DE - 306 ) was an of the United States Navy during World War II . She was sent off into the Pacific Ocean to protect convoys and other ships from Japanese submarines and fighter aircraft . She performed escort and antisubmarine operations in dangerous battle areas and returned home with two battle stars . She was named after John Gaynor Connolly , a Chief Pay Clerk , killed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ; launched on 15 January 1944 by Mare Island Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . Mary Francis Connolly , commissioned on 8 July 1944 , Lt . W . A . Collier in command , and reported to the Pacific Fleet . World War II Pacific Theater operations . " Connolly " operated in Hawaiian waters on training from 24 September 1944 until 22 January 1945 , when she sailed for duty in the Iwo Jima operation from 19 February until 1 March . She patrolled off the island to protect shipping and providing direct support to the landings . After screening transports to Espiritu Santo , " Connolly " guarded the convoy to Okinawa , arriving off the Hagushi beaches on 9 April . She served on antisubmarine patrol until sailing for repairs at Ulithi on 4 May . " Connolly " arrived off Okinawa again in the screen of a resupply convoy on 6 June 1945 , then joined the screen of amphibious ships carrying out subsidiary landings in the Nansei Shoto until she reported in Leyte Gulf on 14 July to join the forces of the Philippine Sea Frontier . Between 17 July and 12 August , she voyaged to Okinawa on escort duty , then operated in the Philippines until 7 September , when she cleared Manila for Eniwetok , Pearl Harbor , San Pedro , California , and Charleston , South Carolina . Post - War decommissioning . She arrived in Charleston on 2 November , where she was decommissioned on 22 November 1945 and sold for scrapping on 20 May 1946 . Awards . " Connolly " received two battle stars for World War II service .
Lemuel Mathewson Lemuel Mathewson ( March 29 , 1899 – February 26 , 1970 ) was a United States Army lieutenant general . Early career . Mathewson was born in Bath , New York on March 29 , 1899 . A 1917 graduate of Bath ' s Haverling High School , he graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1922 and was commissioned as an artillery officer . In the 1920s and 1930s , Mathewson served in a variety of assignments in the United States and overseas , including graduate student in Madrid , Spain , professor of Spanish at the United States Military Academy , instructor at the Fort Sill , Oklahoma Field Artillery School , and special projects officer in Latin America . From 1938 to 1939 , Mathewson attended the Command and General Staff College . Awards and decorations . General Mathewson ' s awards included the Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit and Bronze Star . Later work . Mathewson served as Chairman of the Inter - American Defense Board from 1958 to 1961 . Retirement and death . After retiring from the IADB Mathewson resided in McLean , Virginia . He died at Walter Reed Army Hospital on February 26 , 1970 . General Mathewson was buried in Section III Site A - 24 of the U . S . Military Academy Cemetery .
BAP Aguirre ( CH - 84 ) BAP Aguirre ( CH - 84 ) was a " De Ruyter " - class cruiser in service with the Peruvian Navy . It was completed for the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1953 as HNLMS " De Zeven Provinciën " . After two decades in service , it was decommissioned in August 1976 and sold to Peru . Before being transferred to the Pacific Ocean , it underwent a major rebuild program by Rotterdamse Droogdok Maatschappij ( RDM ) at its shipyard in Rotterdam . Modifications included the removal of its RIM - 2 Terrier SAM system and the installation of a fixed hangar and a flight deck . The upgrade was finished on October 31 , 1977 and the ship was commissioned on February 24 , 1978 at the Dutch naval base of Den Helder . Renamed " Aguirre " , in honor of the Peruvian Commander Elías Aguirre , it arrived to its new homeport of Callao on May 17 , 1978 . In service , the " Aguirre " participated in several exercises , including the multinational UNITAS manoeuvres . From August 7 , 1986 through February 15 , 1988 , while the BAP " Almirante Grau " ( CLM - 81 ) underwent a major refit in the Netherlands , the " Aguirre " was temporarily renamed " Almirante Grau " and designated as fleet flagship . By the 1990s the ship systems were beginning to show their age , but lack of funds prevented any major upgrade . Finally , on March 21 , 1999 , the ship was decommissioned .
14th Airlanding Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 14th Airlanding Brigade was a formation of the British Indian Army and then the Pakistan Army . It was formed from the British 14th Infantry Brigade on 1 November 1944 , and was initially part of the 44th Airborne Division . Initially the brigade included 4 / 6th Rajputana Rifles , 2nd Black Watch , 2nd King ' s Own Royal Regiment , and 6 / 16th Punjab Regiment . During the Second World War it was commanded by Brigadier Thomas Brodie and later Brigadier F . W . Gibb . Later as part of 2 Indian Airborne Division , the brigade headquarters was transferred to the Pakistan Army .
Last Letters from Stalingrad Last Letters from Stalingrad ( German : " Letzte Briefe aus Stalingrad " ) is an anthology of letters from German soldiers who took part in the Battle for Stalingrad during World War II . Originally published in West Germany in 1950 , the book was translated into many languages , and has been issued in numerous editions . The German High Command wished to gauge the morale of the troops of the encircled 6th Army , so they allowed the soldiers to write and send the letters which became the basis for " Last Letters from Stalingrad " . The letters were then impounded , opened , stripped of identification and sorted by content , before eventually being stored in archives . Unlike the usual military history accounts focusing on mass armies of anonymous men , the reader is presented with the personal tragedies of individual soldiers , the " single human being . . . in the face of death " , getting a tangible impression of the horrors of war . The letters are a " human document which bares the soul of the man at his worst hour " , and by softening the identification of Germany with Nazism the book helped Germany to take its place in the Western post - war community of nations . French president François Mitterrand supposedly carried the French edition with him in the last months of his life , and drew inspiration from it in writing his speech for the 50th anniversary of the end of the war on the 8 May 1995 . There is some doubt as to the authenticity of the letters , and some speculate that they were manipulated or forged . There is little evidence to confirm or deny these allegations . Adaptations . The book inspired two works of contemporary music theater : a chamber music piece by New York composer Elias Tanenbaum , and the 1998 " Symphonie No . 10 " Letzte briefe aus Stalingrad " " of French composer Aubert Lemeland , a collage of music and recitation .