naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
AFN Iraq AFN Iraq was the American Forces Network of radio stations within Iraq . The network , nicknamed Freedom Radio , broadcast news , information , and entertainment programs , including adult contemporary music . Its mission was to " sustain and improve the morale and readiness " of U . S . forces in Iraq . The first song played live on AFN was " Freedom " by Paul McCartney . FM Transmitters . The network includes the following transmitter sites and their power , if known ( " status as of October 2008 " ) : The 222nd Broadcast Operations Detachment was relieved by the 209th Broadcast Operations Detachment ( USAR ) from Rome , Georgia , in August 2004 . In August 2005 the 206th Broadcast Operations Detachment ( USAR ) , from Dallas , Texas relieved the 209th Broadcast Operations Detachment . In August 2006 the 356th Operations Detachment ( USAR ) , from Ft . Meade , Maryland , relieved the 206th Broadcast Operations Detachment . In August 2007 , the US Air Force assumed control of AFN Iraq until February 2009 . In March 2009 , the 222nd Broadcast Operations Detachment ( USAR ) , from Los Angeles , Calif . assumed control of the station . In March 2010 , the 209th Broadcast Operations Detachment ( USAR ) from Rome , Georgia again assumed command of AFN - I . Television . " Freedom Journal Iraq " was produced by the electronic news gathering ( ENG ) team of the American Forces Network - Iraq , five times a week until 2009 . The 10 minute newscast was produced Monday through Friday and uploaded via satellite to the Pentagon Channel in Washington D . C . Originally , the program was produced weekly . The newscast was awarded 1st and 2nd place Keith L . Ware Broadcast Journalism Awards in 2005 for best Army Television Newscast while being produced by the 206th Broadcast Operations Detachment . Broadcast journalists have traveled the entire theater of operations in support of " Freedom Journal Iraq " , from Kuwait to Turkey . Although , not desiginated combat camera correspondents , a few broadcast journalists have been awarded the Combat Action Badge for their duty serving at American Forces Network - Iraq . Freestyle Iraq is currently produced by AFN - Iraq . Created by members of the 222nd BOD , Freestyle Iraq is a creatively produced upbeat production that highlights servicemembers in their " off " time . The show won 2nd place in the 2010 Keith L . Ware awards . The 206th BOD resumed control of AFN Iraq in December 2010 . The 206th was the last unit to man the TV / Radio station . Sept 30th , 2011 , was the last day on the air for Freedom Radio . The last song played was " Courtesy of the Red , White , & Blue ( The Angry American ) " by country star " Toby Keith " , and the last piece of audio ever heard on the station was Porky Pig ' s famous " That ' s all Folks ! " exclamation .
Münzenberg Castle Münzenberg is a ruined castle in the town of the same name in Germany , dating from the 12th century . It is one of the best preserved castles from the High Middle Ages in Germany . Architecture . A striking feature of Münzenberg castle is that it has two tall defensive towers , a structure known as a bergfried ( Thompson 2008 ) . Such a tower is a typical feature of castles in the region , but there is usually only one , forming the strongest point of the castle . The bergfrieds at Münzenberg are both round , the taller one being 29 meters high . The two bergfrieds stand at opposite ends of the inner ward ( here called the " Kernburg " ) . The inner ward is completely surrounded by an outer ward with an outer curtain wall , providing defense in depth .
Forward Operating Base Delhi FOB Delhi in Afghanistan is a military expeditionary base built by the United States Marine Corps . It is along the Helmand River Valley in Garmsir at an abandoned Agricultural College building . It was originally established by 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit in 2008 and was transferred to the British Army regiment The Light Dragoons of Task Force Helmand on September 8 , 2008 . Prince Harry served there in late 2007 . In June 2009 , it was transferred to the US Marines of Task Force Leatherneck . Forward Operating Base Delhi Massacre . On August 10 , 2012 an Afghan teenager entered an on - base gym and fired an AK - 47 killing 3 US Marines and injuring another . The incident is being invested by NCIS and the US Attorney ' s Office in New York .
Commander Strike Force Training Atlantic Commander , Strike Force Training Atlantic ( CSFTL or COMSTRKFORTRALANT ) is the U . S . Fleet Forces Command formation charged with training and certifying Atlantic Fleet Carrier Strike Group s , Amphibious Ready Groups , and independently deploying surface ships . Its mission is to “ Conduct safe and effective Strike Force Training of the Atlantic Fleet . ” The command was previously known as Carrier Group FOUR / Commander , Carrier Striking Force ( CCG - 4 ) . CSFTL is a one star command under the three - star Deputy Commander , U . S . Fleet Forces Command , and is based at Naval Station Norfolk , Virginia . Tactical Training Group , Atlantic ( TTGL ) and Expeditionary Warfare Training Group , Atlantic ( EWTGL ) are subordinate commands . Additionally , Destroyer Squadron 26 and its four ships , , and also fall under CSFTL . History . CSFTL was established as Commander Carrier Division Four ( ComCarDiv 4 ) in March 1943 in the Pacific Fleet . From 1946 , the division generally operated in the Atlantic , Caribbean and Mediterranean . On 1 August 1955 , the division consisted of " Ticonderoga " and " Randolph " ( flag ) , both homeported at Norfolk . In 2004 it became Carrier Strike Group 4 . Carrier Strike Group Ten transited the Suez Canal on 11 November 2004 , joining the U . S . Fifth Fleet , and relieved Carrier Strike Group Four , led the , on 20 November 2004 . Major exercises . CSFTL trains carrier strike group s and Independent deployers primarily during Composite Training Unit Exercise s , Force Protection Exercises and Joint Training Force Exercises ( JTFEX ) off the eastern seaboard of the U . S . CSFTL also trains Amphibious Ready Group s ( ARG ) with their embarked Marine Expeditionary Unit s ( MEU ) , as well as other surface combatants not associated with a CSG or ARG . CSFTL participates in United Kingdom led Joint Warrior exercises twice per year . Composite Training Unit Exercises are designed to integrate all warfare areas of the CSG or ARG / MEU . Force Protection Exercises are designed to certify deploying units in land , air and waterside attacks for two years allowing them to conduct ports of call while deployed in OCONUS . JTFEXs provides the Strike Group with realistic training in joint operations prior to deployment . The exercise requires integration of the CSG ’ s existing warfighting ability with other Joint and Combined assets to support warfare under a challenging threat scenario . Upon successful completion , CSFTL recommends deployment certification to Commander , U . S . Fleet Forces . In addition , Fleet Synthetic Training ( FST ) is used throughout the training cycle to prepare units to go to sea . Synthetic training utilizes simulators and role players , and prepares units to go to sea at considerable savings ( in fuel , material , etc . ) In July 2010 CSFTL ran a Composite Unit Training Exercise for the group which was combined with training for the Royal Navy ' s " Ark Royal " Carrier Strike Group under Commodore Simon Ancona and the Amphibious Task Group build around HMS " Ocean " .
Friedrich Alpers Friedrich Ludwig Herbert Alpers ( 25 March 1901 – 3 September 1944 ) was a German Nazi politician , and SS leader . He was also a Minister of the Free State of Brunswick , and Minister for Forestry . Friedrich was responsible for numerous war crimes in Brunswick . Early life . Friedrich Alpers , ( also known as " Fritz " ) was born on March 25 , 1901 in Sonnenberg , Duchy of Brunswick . He was educated at Martino Katharineum High School in Brunswick , graduating in May 1919 . He then studied law and political science at the Universities of Heidelberg , Munich and Greifswald . In 1923 , he worked as a law clerk , and became a lawyer in 1929 . He worked as a lawyer in Brunswick until 1933 . In June 1929 , Alpers joined the NSDAP . In May 1930 he joined the SA . In March 1931 he joined the SS . Friedrich was an active member in the SS , rising to the rank of Obergruppenführer . Since October 1930 , Friedrich was Minister of the Brunswick State Parliament . Alpers was twice temporarily suspended from the SS in 1933 following complaints of excessive violence made by Friedrich during the Nazi takeover of Brunswick .
Hallaton Castle Hallaton Castle was situated to the west of the village of Hallaton , which lies some 20 km to the south - east of the city of Leicester ( ) . This was an interesting motte and bailey castle with an additional rectangular enclosure now surviving as an earthwork , high , and in circumference , on which stood the keep , occupying , with the outworks , about of ground . The earthworks only are present today .
Rocca Flea The Rocca Flea ( ) is a fortified palace in Gualdo Tadino , Umbria , central Italy . It is located in the upper part of the hill on which the town lies . History . Although it has been speculated that its construction could date to Lombard times , what is known with certainty is only that it predates the town ' s reconstruction in 1237 . In 1242 it was rebuilt by Frederick II and was later frequently renovated : in 1350 , during the Perugine domination , a central keep ( " Cassero " ) was added , while a few years later other intervention were carried on by Biordo Michelotti . During the Renaissance the " Rocca " became a patrician residence , but in 1888 was turned into a prison . It is now the seat of a ceramics museum and of an historical exhibition . Rocca Flea Museum official web site
155th Indian Infantry Brigade The 115th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed by the conversion of the Risalpur Training Brigade in April 1944 , and it provided training for units destined for the western theatres of war .
Battle of Dragashani The Battle of Dragashani ( or Battle of Dragasani , Battle of Drăgăşani ) was fought on June 19 , 1821 in Drăgăşani , Wallachia , between the Ottoman forces of Sultan Mahmud II and the Greek Filiki Etaireia insurgents . It was a prelude to the Greek War of Independence . Context . Alexander Ypsilantis and the Etaireia had carried out an invasion of the Ottoman - dominated Danubian Principalities of the Ottoman Empire , which coincided with an uprising in Wallachia . Ypsilantis , a general in the Russian Army and aide - de - camp to Tsar Alexander I , had hoped that his actions would cause the Russian Empire to intervene on his behalf , but the Emperor , a leading proponent of the Concert of Europe , disavowed any relation with him and effectively gave the Ottomans the " green light " to march into the Principalities to deal with the insurrection . At the same time , Ypsilantis clashed with the Wallachian Pandur leader Tudor Vladimirescu , who was ultimately executed by the Etaireia and its remaining Wallachian supporters , leaving the Wallachian rebel troops to withdraw from the conflict . Battle . At the village of Drăgăşani , the " Sacred Band " ( a volunteer unit mostly made up of young Greek students from both upper and middle classes led by Nikolaos Skoufas ) was ultimately defeated by the Ottomans . Aftermath . Despite its failure , the revolution in the Danubian provinces helped inspire the uprising in the Peloponnese in March , from which the Greek Independence War officially began . Another aspect of the battle ' s aftermath entailed Alexander Ypsilantis ' retreat to the Austrian - ruled area of Transylvania , after having written a forged letter to his troops stating that he was summoned by Francis I , the Emperor of Austria , to discuss military operations against the Ottomans on the Austrian frontier .
Balloon Pilot Badge The Balloon Pilot Badge is a military badge of the United States Armed Forces which was issued during the First and Second World War s . The badge was issued by both the United States Army and the U . S . Air Force , with the Navy equivalent known as the Dirigible Pilot Badge . Originally known as the Aeronaut Badge , the Balloon Pilot Badge was created in 1918 and awarded to pilots of military observation balloon s . The badge consisted of a balloon centered on a standard Pilot ’ s Badge and was issued in two degrees . The senior degree of the Aeronaut Badge was denoted by a star centered above the winged balloon . The Aeronaut Badge was awarded under the authority of the United States Army Air Service and the United States Army Air Corps until the mid - 1930s . The badge was then redesignated the Balloon Pilot Badge and , during the Second World War , was issued by the Army Air Forces . Like its predecessor , the Balloon Pilot Badge was issued in junior and senior degrees . The Army Air Forces also issued a Balloon Observer Badge for those who served as co - pilots and support crew on board military balloon craft . Due to the aircraft technology advances of the 1940s , balloon aeronautics became militarily obsolete by the 1950s . At that time , the United States Air Force discontinued the Balloon Pilot Badge ; however the junior version of the badge is still issued by the U . S . Air Force Auxiliary ' s Civil Air Patrol .
Michael Fleming Folland Michael Fleming Folland ( April 15 , 1949 – July 3 , 1969 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Folland joined the Army from his birth city of Richmond , Virginia in 1968 , and by July 3 , 1969 was serving as a Corporal in Company D , 2d Battalion , 3rd Infantry Regiment , 199th Infantry Brigade . During a firefight on that day , in Long Khanh Province , Republic of Vietnam , Folland smothered the blast of an enemy - thrown hand grenade with his body , sacrificing his life to protect those around him . Folland , aged 20 at his death , was buried at Glendale National Cemetery in his hometown of Richmond , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Corporal Folland ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Cpl . Folland distinguished himself while serving as an ammunition bearer with the weapons platoon of Company D , during a reconnaissance patrol mission . As the patrol was moving through a dense jungle area , it was caught in an intense crossfire from heavily fortified and concealed enemy ambush positions . As the patrol reacted to neutralize the ambush , it became evident that the heavy weapons could not be used in the cramped fighting area . Cpl . Folland dropped his recoilless rifle ammunition , and ran forward to join his commander in an assault on the enemy bunkers . The assaulting force moved forward until it was pinned down directly in front of the heavily fortified bunkers by machine gun fire . Cpl . Folland stood up to draw enemy fire on himself and to place suppressive fire on the enemy positions while his commander attempted to destroy the machine gun positions with grenades . Before the officer could throw a grenade , an enemy grenade landed in the position . Cpl . Folland alerted his comrades and his commander hurled the grenade from the position . When a second enemy grenade landed in the position , Cpl . Folland again shouted a warning to his fellow soldiers . Seeing that no one could reach the grenade and realizing that it was about to explode , Cpl . Folland , with complete disregard for his safety , threw himself on the grenade . By his dauntless courage , Cpl . Folland saved the lives of his comrades although he was mortally wounded by the explosion . Cpl . Folland ' s extraordinary heroism , at the cost of his life , was in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
Walter S . Schuyler Walter Scribner Schuyler ( April 26 , 1850 – February 17 , 1932 ) was the first Commander of the United States Army Pacific Command , then called the Military District of Hawaii , from 1909 to 1910 . A veteran of the Spanish - American War , he graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1870 . He was commissioned into the United States Cavalry . Schuyler ' s first combat service was in the Indian campaigns , during which he fought in Arizona , Wyoming , Montana , and Colorado . In Wyoming , Schuyler participated in a grueling 1876 march under General George Crook that forced the cavalrymen to eat their own horses . He then served as professor of military science at Cornell University . During the Spanish - American War , he served in Puerto Rico , Cuba , and the Philippines . After the Spanish - American War , General Schuyler served as a military observer with the Russian army in Manchuria in 1904 . From 1904 through 1906 , he served on the General Staff of the United States Army . After his Hawaiian command , the Army promoted him to Brigadier General on 1911 - 01 - 05 . He commanded an independent cavalry brigade in San Antonio before serving as the Commanding General for Fort Riley , Kansas from 1911 through 1912 . Before his retirement in 1913 , Schuyler ' s last command was the 8th Brigade . He died on February 17 , 1932 .
SS Clan Macwhirter ( 1918 ) SS " Clan Macwhirter was a British cargo steamship . She was built in 1918 as Ypresville in the First World War and sunk by enemy action in 1942 in the Second World War . In her 24 year career she also carried the names Halizones and Willcasino " . Building and career . Lloyd Royal Belge ( Great Britain ) Ltd built the ship at Whiteinch , Glasgow , launching her on 26 April 1918 as " Ypresville " . She was completed that July . She had nine corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of that heated three 180 lb / in single - ended boilers with a combined heating surface of . They supplied steam to one three - cylinder steam triple expansion engine rated at 549 NHP . " Ypresville " was built for the UK Government ' s Shipping Controller , a wartime agency that contracted James Gardiner and Company of Liverpool to manage her . By the end of 1918 the Shipping Controller had sold the ship to the British and South American Steam Navigation Company , which renamed her " Halizones " and contracted RP Houston and Company of Liverpool to manage her . In 1920 the Convoy Steam Ship Company Ltd of Halifax , Nova Scotia bought the ship , renamed her " Willcasino " and contracted HD Kempt of Liverpool to manage her . In 1921 Convoy SS Co sold the ship back to British and South American , who returned her to RP Houston ' s management but kept her name as " Willcasino " . In 1924 Clan Line Steamers Ltd bought the ship , renamed her " Clan Macwhirter " and appointed Cayzer , Irvine and Company Limited ( who were part of the same group ) to manage her . Loss . In wartime " Clan Macwhirter " generally sailed in convoy . In 1942 she had sailed from Bombay for Hull " via " Durban and Bathurst , where she arrived on 14 August . She then sailed to Freetown , Sierra Leone , where she joined Convoy SL 119 at Freetown . Her Master was Roderick Sutherland and she was carrying 2 , 000 tons of manganese ore , 3 , 500 tons of linseed , 2 , 200 tons of pig iron and assorted general cargo . However , from 20 August she suffered engine trouble , eventually falling behind the convoy . On 27 August at 0100 hours , commanded by Werner Hartenstein , torpedoed " Clan Macwhirter " about 190 miles northwest of Madeira . Two torpedoes hit her port side , and 11 of her crew , including Captain Sutherland , eight crew members and two DEMS gunners were killed . Her crew managed to launch three of her six boats , and 68 crew members and seven gunners survived . At daybreak the three boats set sail for Madeira , but on 28 August a gale separated them . On 30 August the Portuguese Navy aviso rescued them and landed them at Funchal .
Battle of Droop Mountain The Battle of Droop Mountain was a battle in Pocahontas County , West Virginia , that occurred November 6 , 1863 , during the American Civil War . Confederate forces engaged , but failed to prevent Union forces under Brigadier General W . W . Averell from a rendezvous with other Federal troops in a joint raid on Confederate railways . Droop Mountain was one of the largest engagements in West Virginia during the war . As a result of the Union victory , Confederate resistance in the state essentially collapsed . Background . Assigned command of one of two brigade s involved in the planned raid on the railroads , Averell moved toward southwestern Virginia with the purpose of disputing movement on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad . The second column , under Brigadier General Alfred Duffié , destroyed enemy military property en route , while Averell probed for Confederate defenders . Battle . On November 5 , 1863 , Averell attacked Confederates at Mill Point in Pocahontas County , driving the Southerners from their position back to the summit of Droop Mountain , where they were reinforced by a force under Brig . Gen . John Echols consisting of Patton ' s Brigade and one regiment from Albert G . Jenkins ' s command . The Confederate position was a relatively strong one , reinforced by breastworks commanding the road . The following day , Averell elected to attack . Throughout the morning , Echols ' smaller Confederate force held the high ground and blocked the highway with artillery . However , in the early afternoon , Averell turned Echols ' left with his infantry , and then sent dismounted cavalry in a frontal assault on the main Confederate lines . After a brief yet violent battle , many Confederates fled , throwing away their arms and scattering for safety . Averell ' s cavalry pursued until dark , capturing several prisoners and a large quantity of arms , ammunition , and materiel . Echols rallied much of his force , but was forced to retreat into Virginia . Aftermath . Averell ' s victorious force rejoined Duffié ' s brigade at Lewisburg on November 7 . The reunited Union columns , burdened with prisoners and captured livestock , were in no condition to continue their raid , but they had effectively ended Confederate resistance in West Virginia . The battlefield site is preserved and administered by West Virginia as a state park . The unknown Confederate dead are buried in the Confederate Cemetery at Lewisburg , listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 .
BTR - 94 The BTR - 94 is a Ukrainian amphibious armoured personnel carrier ( " Bronetransporter " ) , a modification of the Soviet eight - wheeled BTR - 80 . The BTR - 94 ' s turret BAU - 23x2 is larger than the BTR - 80 ' s BPU - 1 and is fitted with a twin 23x152mm gun 2A7M with 200 rounds , a coaxial KT - 7 . 62 machinegun with 2 , 000 rounds , six 81 mm smoke grenade launchers and a combined optical sight 1PZ - 7 - 23 . Each 2A7M gun has a max . rate of fire of 850 rds / min . The same gun is mounted on the ZSU - 23 - 4 . The BAU - 23x2 module can also be mounted on other armoured vehicles like the BTR - 70 or Ratel IFV . Jordan ordered 50 BTR - 94 ' s in 1997 , the first vehicles were delivered in 2000 . Iraq has 50 BTR - 94 ' s donated by Jordan in 2004 for use by the Mechanized Police Brigade .