naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Drumming out Drumming out is the historical act of being dishonorably dismissed from military service to the sound of a drum . In modern figurative usage , in which the term is sometimes altered to " drub [ bing / bed / etc . ] out , " it may refer to any act of expulsion or dismissal in disgrace . Origin . One of the earliest recorded references to drumming out occurs in Alexander Pope ' s Moral Essays , 3rd epistle , 1731 - 1733 : " Chartres was a man infamous for all manner of vices . When he was an ensign in the army , he was drummed out of the regiment for a cheat ; he was next banished Brussels , and drummed out of Ghent , on the same account . " It also occurs in a figurative sense in Thomas Amory ' s " The life of John Buncle " , in 1766 : " They ought to be drummed out of society . " American Revolutionary War . The earliest known discharge of a United States soldier for sodomy involved the drumming out of Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold Enslin during the Revolutionary War . The diary of Lieut . James McMichael records the sentence being carried out on 15 Mar 1778 : " March 15 . — I this morning proceeded to the grand parade , where I was a spectator to the drumming out of Lieut . Enslin of Col . Malcom ' s regiment . He was first drum ' d from right to left of the parade , thence to the left wing of the army ; from that to the centre , and lastly transported over the Schuylkill with orders never to be seen in Camp in the future . This shocking scene was performed by all the drums and fifes in the army — the coat of the delinquent was turned wrong side out . " U . S . Civil War . U . S . Civil War officers drummed out of service might have their heads shaved and their uniforms stripped of insignia and be paraded in front of their comrades . Fellow officers were forbidden to touch the person being dishonorably discharged , but in more than one case after the war had ended , a drummed - out man was found dead after receiving a beating from his former comrades . When someone was being drummed out , the tune " Rogue ' s March " would be played . Modern uses . At the Virginia Military Institute , cadets that are convicted of Honor Code violations are removed from the school and a formal announcement of the former cadet ' s offense is given in the morning after the corps is woken by drums . In the past this ceremony was done with the dishonored Cadet present , with the Corps performing an about face as he passes between Cadets lining the route to the gates . In recent years the ceremony is no longer done with the former Cadet present . The Drums of Honor Fiction . The opening to the 1965 NBC series Branded used the ceremony as the plot to series . In the 1983 film " The Lords of Discipline " , one of the main characters was dismissed from the fictional Carolina Military Institute ( CMI ) in such a ceremony . See also . Cashiering
Battle of Rasil The Battle of Rasil was fought between the Rai Kingdom of Sindh and Rashidun Caliphate in early 644 . It was first encounter of Rashidun Caliphate in the Indian subcontinent . The exact location of Battle is not known but historians suggest it was fought at the western bank of River Indus . Caliph Umar ( 634 - 644 ) launched an offense against the Sassanid Persian Empire in 642 and by mid 644 almost the entire Persian empire was conquered . An expedition to Kerman took place roughly at the same time as an expedition to Sistan and Azerbaijan . Suhail ibn adi was given command of this expedition . Suhail marched from Busra in 643 . Passing Shiraz and Persepolis he joined with other Muslim armies and marched against Kerman , which was subdued after a pitch battle with local garrisons . Further east of Kerman laid Makran , what is now a part of present day Pakistan . It was a traditional territory of Sassanids but was then a domain of the Rai Kingdom , who annexed it in 636 - 637 although they acted as a vassal of Sassanid Persians in past . Raja Rasil , the king of Baluchistan , concentrated huge armies in Sindh and Balochistan to halt the advance of the Muslims . Suhail was reinforced by Usman ibn Abi Al Aas from Persepolis , and Hakam ibn Amr from Busra . The combined forces defeated Raja Rasil at a pitch Battle of Rasil , who retreated to the eastern bank of River Indus . Further east from Indus River laid Sindh , which was domain of Rai kingdom . Umar , after learning that Sindh was a poor and relatively barran land , disapproved Suhail ’ s proposal to cross Indus River . For the time being , Umar declared the Indus River , a natural barrier , to be the easternmost frontier of his domain . This campaign came to an end in mid 644 . Aftermaths . This was the first confrontation between Rashidun Caliphate and a Hindu kingdom in Baluchistan . In response to Caliph Umar ’ s question about the Makran region , the Messenger replied : Umar looked at the messenger and said : " Are you a messenger or a poet ? He replied “ Messenger ” . Thereupon Caliph Umar , after learning that Baluchistan was a barren land and the unfavorable for sending an army , instructed Hakim bin Amr al Taghlabi that for the time being Makran should be the easternmost frontier of the Rashidun Caliphate , and that no further attempt should be made to extend the conquests . This was mainly because of Umar ' s policy of consolidating the rule before conquering more land . The same year , in 644 , Umar had already rejected the proposal by Ahnaf ibn Qais , conqueror of Khurasan , of crossing Oxus river in the north to invade central Asia . In the west he similarly had called back Amr ibn al - Aas who had marched to north Africa and had captured Tripoli . Thereupon the commander of the Islamic army in Makran is reported to have said the following verses : - Referring to the Hindu Temple in the interior of Sindh where prostitutes use to give a part of their earning as charity .
Aulus Didius Gallus Aulus Didius Gallus was a Roman general and politician of the 1st century AD . He was governor of Britain between 52 and 57 AD . Career . The career of Aulus Didius Gallus up to 51 can be partly reconstructed from an inscription from Olympia . He was quaestor under Tiberius , probably in 19 . He served as a legate of the proconsul of Asia , as prefect of cavalry , and as proconsul of Sicily , although the dates of these appointments are unknown . He was " curator aquarum " ( superintendent of aqueducts ) from 38 to 49 , consul in 39 , and a member of the " XVviri " . He received triumphal regalia as an imperial legate under Claudius , probably in Bosporus : Tacitus records that he commanded forces there that were withdrawn in 49 . After this he appears to have taken up another proconsular appointment , possibly in Asia or Africa . His later career is described by Tacitus . In 52 he was made governor of Britain , following the death in office of Ostorius Scapula , at a time when the situation was deteriorating as a result of a string of rebellions . The south - east was securely held , but despite the defeat of Caratacus the previous year , the tribes of what is now Wales , particularly the Silures , continued to hold out . Venutius ' first insurrection against Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes occurred during Didius ' rule and he despatched troops under Caesius Nasica to aid her . Didius acted to quell the rebels rather than enlarge the empire during his rule , which lasted until AD 57 . Although criticised by Tacitus as being reactive and defensive , he was probably acting on instructions from Claudius who did not consider the benefits of further conquest in difficult terrain to be great enough to warrant the risk . Instead , Didius built roads and forts at the borders such as those at Usk to contain the barbarians . After five years in the post , covering the last two years of the reign of Claudius and the first three of Nero , Didius was replaced by Quintus Veranius . Quintilian tells us that , after several years of campaigning for a provincial governorship , Didius complained at the province he was offered , although whether this refers to Sicily or Britain is unknown . The orator Domitius Afer sarcastically advised him to think of his country . The next governor of Britain , Quintus Veranius , says on his tombstone that he took the job " although he did not seek it " , which has been interpreted as a barbed comment on Didius . Relatives . Aulus Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento , who was praetor in 62 , may have been his son or grandson .
USNS Perseus ( T - AF - 64 ) USNS " Perseus " ( T - AF - 64 ) was a " Denebola " - class stores ship acquired by the U . S . Navy . Her task was to carry stores , refrigerated items , and equipment to ships in the fleet , and to remote stations and staging areas . " Perseus " was laid down as " Union Victory " ( MCV hull 683 ) by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corp . , Portland , Oregon , 30 March 1945 ; launched 11 May 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . Claude F . Palmer ; and delivered to the Maritime Commission , 8 June 1945 . Operations under contract . Operated on contract from the Maritime Commission , " Union Victory " carried military cargoes during the last months of World War II in the Pacific Ocean ; the initial year of the European Occupation ; and , four years later , the Korean War . After Korea she returned to commercial transport , then entered the Maritime Administration ’ s National Defense Reserve Fleet . Operations under the MSTS . In late 1961 she was transferred to MSTS for conversion to a refrigeration ship . Renamed and designated " Perseus " ( AF – 64 ) , 4 December 1961 , she was converted by the Willamette Iron and Steel Co . , Portland , Oregon , and in September 1962 was placed in service as " USNS Perseus " ( T - AF - 64 ) and was manned by a Civil Service crew . Since that time , into 1970 , she has operated under ComMSTSPac and has carried fresh and frozen foods from the U . S . West Coast to Pacific and Far East ports . End - of - service . " Perseus " was placed out of service ( date unknown ) and struck from the Naval Register , 15 June 1973 . She was returned to MARAD for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet . It was sold on 31 August 1973 , and scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1974 . Military awards and honors . " Perseus ’ " crew was eligible for the following medals :
No . 133 Wing RAF 2nd Polish Fighter Wing ( later , No . 133 ( Polish ) Wing ) ( ) was a mainly Polish formation that flew Supermarine Spitfire s of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . It was part of the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain . It was formed in August 1941 , as the 2nd Polish Fighter Wing , from three Polish squadrons , the No . 302 Squadron RAF and No . 316 Squadron RAF , and the No . 317 Squadron RAF . Its composition would not be stable , as the Polish Squadrons were frequently exchanged between the three Polish wings ( the No . 131 Wing RAF ( 1st Polish ) wing , the No . 133 Wing ( 2nd Polish ) wing , and the 3rd Polish Fighter Wing ) . At various times , this wing sported the other Polish squadrons , such as the No . 306 Squadron RAF , No . 309 Squadron RAF and the No . 315 Squadron RAF . The number of wings was also not constant , as it varied from at least two to four . On October 4 , 1943 , the unit was renamed to No . 133 Wing ( ) . In February the unit regained the Polish adjective in its name , becoming the No . 133 Polish Wing ( ) .
Kommando Spezialkräfte The Kommando Spezialkräfte ( KSK ) Is a special operations unit of the German Army based on units like the SAS and the Delta Force , the KSK participated in operations in the Balkans and the Middle East . Origin . Created between 1994 and 1995 , Approximately 20 soldiers were trained in the fall of 1996 and the unit was fully operational in April 1997 . According to reports , the impact of seeing 11 German citizens were saved by foreign forces ( Belgian paratroopers and French ) in Rwanda in 1994 because there was no German unit capable of performing such an operation was the main factor for creating the KSK . To complete his effective were taken command of a Company of each of the third Airborne Brigade , along with the reinforcement of two companies Long Range Reconnaissance ( the 3rd was disbanded ) . The unit plans to be fully operational when achieve 1000 fully trained operators . Tasks . The KSK is responsible for operations behind enemy lines , long - range reconnaissance , strategic attack , counter - terrorist operations , hostage rescue or evacuation of German citizens in areas at risk abroad in cooperation with allied nations and especially with the NATO . The unit is also prepared to carry out C - SAR . The KSK is shaped according to the SAS . Despite its ability to rescue the hostages KSK is a military unit , with military missions , and not another GSG - 9 . The KSK may be moved to where the GSG - 9 could not ( at least officially ) , however it has happened ( the recovery of a plane Lufthansa at the Airport Mogadishu , Somalia in October 1977 , for example ) . Yet the KSK has a hostage rescue team ready to assist the German police whenever necessary . The KSK is also used to project or protect the interests of international Germany . Their missions are very similar to those performed by foreign units as the related SAS , Delta Force or U . S . Special Forces . Operations . KSK missions are still covered under much secrecy , but believe that has already been used in :
Jorge Anaya Admiral Jorge Isaac Anaya ( 27 September 1926 – 9 January 2008 ) was a former Commander - in - Chief of the Argentine Navy . He was born in Bahía Blanca , in the province of Buenos Aires . He participated in the military dictatorship known as the National Reorganisation Process ( 1976 – 1983 ) and , along with Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri and Basilio Lami Dozo , was a member of the Third Military " Junta " that ruled Argentina between 1981 and 1982 . He was the main architect and supporter of a military solution for the long standing claim over the Falkland Islands that led to the Falklands War ( ) . Career . In 1955 , Ship - of - the - Line Lieutenant Anaya participated in the coup against president Juan Domingo Perón . He later served as Argentina ' s naval attaché in London , United Kingdom . In 1976 , during the first part of the new military regime , Anaya was Chief of Naval Operations . In December 1981 , there was a change in the dictatorship bringing to office a new junta headed by General Leopoldo Galtieri . Anaya then , as commander - in - chief of the navy , ordered Vice - Admiral Juan Lombardo to create a plan to seize the Falklands Islands ( ) which both presented to the new acting president . During the 1982 war he devised and commanded Operation Algeciras , in which Argentine commandos were to sabotage a Royal Navy warship harboured in Gibraltar ; the plan was thwarted at the last minute when communications were intercepted . In the 1985 Trial of the Juntas he was acquitted of charges of kidnapping , torture , enslavement , concealing the truth , usurpation of power , and false declarations . In 1997 , Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón requested the arrest and extradition of 45 members of the Argentine military , and one civilian , for crimes of genocide , state terrorism , and torture committed during the " Dirty War " period of the " de facto " regime , including Anaya . The request was denied on several occasions by the democratically elected Argentine government , which argued that it was inadmissible on grounds of inapplicable jurisdiction . On 27 July 2003 , by means of Decree 420 / 03 , President Néstor Kirchner amended the criteria under which the extraditions had been refused , ordering that the legal proceedings requested by the Spanish courts go ahead and thus enabling the extraditions to proceed . In August 2003 , Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar ordered the cessation of the extradition proceedings for crimes committed in Argentina under the " de facto " regime . That decision was later overturned by the Supreme Court in 2005 , which ordered that Garzón ' s requested extraditions continue . In November 2006 , while waiting to be interrogated by an examining magistrate , he suffered a heart attack and was rushed to the naval hospital ; he remained under house arrest after his discharge from hospital , but was never deemed fit enough to stand trial . He died on 9 January 2008 while under house arrest on charges of human rights violations . Sources . Translated , in part , from the corresponding article on the Spanish - language Wikipedia .
James Gildea Colonel Sir James Gildea GBE KCVO CB ( 1838 – 6 November 1920 ) was a British Army Militia officer and philanthropist who founded the Soldiers ' , Sailors ' and Airmen ' s Families Association . Gildea was born in Kilmaine , County Mayo , Ireland . His father was the Provost of Tuam . He was educated at St Columba ' s College , Dublin , and Pembroke College , Cambridge . During the Franco - Prussian War he worked for the National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War and he later raised money for the families of those killed in the Zulu War of 1879 and the Second Afghan War of 1880 . In 1885 , he founded the Soldiers ' and Sailors ' Families Association , which became the Soldiers ' , Sailors ' and Airmen ' s Families Association in 1919 , and served as its chairman and treasurer until his death . From 1890 to 1895 he was organising secretary of Queen Victoria ' s Jubilee Institute for Nurses . He founded the Royal Homes for Officers ' Widows and Daughters at Wimbledon in 1899 and was also at one time treasurer of the St . John Ambulance Association . From 1890 to 1898 , Gildea commanded the 6th ( Militia ) Battalion , Royal Warwickshire Regiment . He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in the 1898 New Year Honours and Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in 1901 . Knighted in 1902 , he was later appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) , and in the 1920 civilian war honours was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire ( GBE ) .
Geochang massacre The Geochang massacre ( , Hanja : 居昌良民虐殺事件 ) was a massacre conducted by the third battalion of the 9th regiment of the 11th Division of the South Korean Army between 9 February 1951 and 11 February 1951 of 719 unarmed citizens in Geochang , South Gyeongsang district of South Korea . The victims included 385 children . The 11th Division also conducted the Sancheong - Hamyang massacre two days earlier . The general commanding the division was Choe Deok - sin . In March 1951 , Shin Chung - mok ( ) , a leading assembly ' lawmaker from Geochang reported the massacre to the National Assembly against South Korean Army cover up . The National Assembly ' s special investigation team investigated , but failed by the South Korean Army interruption . Shin was arrested and sentenced to death in Army court martial . In May 1951 , the second investigation team was dispatched by the National Assembly and they reported the South Korean Army involvement . After the research , Major Han and Colonel Oh Ik - gyun were sentenced to life in prison by a military court . However , soon President Rhee Syngman granted clemency to criminals . This massacre is pointed out one of the Rhee Syngman ' s misdeeds . In April 2004 , the Geochang Massacre Memorial Park was founded in memory of the victims , in Geochang . On 20 February 2006 , National Archives and Records Service reported the files about the massacre were found . In 2001 , a local court ordered the South Korean government to pay reparations to the victims ' families . On 18 May 2004 , a general court ruled that a charge of massacre against the South Korean governmental was barred by limitation , and on 5 June 2008 , the South Korean Supreme Court confirmed that the charge was barred by limitation . In June 2010 , An jeong - a , a researcher of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission disclosed the National Defense Ministry official documents on his thesis what the massacre had been operated to annihilate the citizens lived guerila influenced area by the South Korean Army official order . On September 9 , 2010 , An was fired as disclosing Geochang massacre documents . National Defense Ministry accused An of disclosing the documents which had been only permitted under the condition of nondisclosure .
HMAS Gunbar HMAS " Gunbar " ( GN ) was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II . " Gunbar " was built by Ardrossan Drydock & Shipbuilding Company , Glasgow for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company and launched on 9 December 1911 . She was sold in 1926 to the Gunbar Shipping Company > " Gunbar " was sold back to the North Coast Steam Navigation Company in 1929 , before being sold again in the same year to Richardson & Company . She was sold again in 1935 to Smith & Ellis . She was requisitioned by the RAN on 30 September 1940 and commissioned as HMAS " Gunbar " on 18 December 1940 for minesweeping duties during World War II . " Gunbar " was strafed and damaged during the Japanese air raid on Darwin on 19 February 1942 , suffering nine casualties . She was converted to a boom gate vessel and served at Port Kembla and Sydney . She was paid off on 3 December 1945 . Bought by the RAN in 1946 , she was sold to A . J . Ellerker and Company the same year . She was renamed " West River " and was in the process of being sold , however her sale fell though in 1950 . Fate . " West River " was scrapped in Sydney in 1950 .
USS Pirate ( SP - 229 ) The first USS " Pirate " ( SP - 229 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Pirate " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1916 by the A . Craven Construction Company at Charleston , South Carolina . The U . S . Navy chartered her from her owner , A . Halsey , on 5 September 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel . She was commissioned the same day as USS " Pirate " ( SP - 229 ) . " Pirate " patrolled along the United States East Coast for the remainder of World War I . " Pirate " was returned to her owner on 26 December 1918 .
Adalbert Zuckschwerdt Adalbert Zuckschwerdt ( 1 January 1874 – 1 July 1945 ) was captain ( " Korvettenkapitän " ) of the German raider , which sailed from the German colony of Tsingtao ( Qingdao today ) , China , until she finally docked was and interned at Guam by the Americans . Zuckschwerdt preempted the confiscation of his ship by the Americans by igniting preplanted explosives and scuttling her in Apra Harbor . He was rescued and captured by Captain William P . Cronan , who called him " a brave man " for his actions . Zuckschwerdt had served on as a gunnery officer ( " Artillerieoffizier " ) when she visited Australia in 1913 . During World War II , by then in his late 60s , he was the " Konteradmiral " commanding the Loire / French South Coast command in 1943 . On 23 March 1944 Zuckschwerdt received the German Cross in Silver as " Seekommandant " Languedoc . He died in July 1945 , shortly after Germany ' s surrender to the Allies .
Joachim von Amsberg ( general ) Joachim von Amsberg ( born 26 August 1869 in Schwerin , died 5 September 1945 in Rostock ) was a German General and a member of the House of Amsberg . He joined the Grand Ducal Mecklenburgian Grenadier Regiment No . 89 in 1890 , and saw service during the First World War and the Weimar Republic era , being promoted to Major - General in 1924 and General der Infanterie upon his retirement in 1929 .