naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
254 Squadron ( Israel ) 254 Squadron , also known as the Midland Squadron ( ) , is a former unit of the Israeli Air Force . History . 254 Squadron was formed in April 1980 at Hatzor to operate the IAI Kfir C - 1 . These had served with 109 Squadron which had began to equip with the C - 2 variant . Manned mainly by reserve pilots , 254 Squadron was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Giora Epstein , Israel ' s highest scoring fighter ace , and a reserve pilot himself . A year later the squadron received an additional aircraft type , the Dassault Mirage III . The Mirage had once stood at the vanguard of the Israeli Air Force , claiming over 280 aerial victories to its name . By the late 1970s , however , these veteran French aircraft were superseded by the IAF ' s next generation of fighter aircraft , the American F - 15 Eagle and F - 16 Fighting Falcon . The first squadron to re - equip with the Falcon , 117 Squadron , had in 1979 transferred its former mounts to 253 Squadron at Eitam , and the latter was soon slated to receive the Falcon as well . Coinciding with Israel ' s withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula following the Camp David Accords , and in order to continue operating the Mirages pending their sale to Argentina , when 253 left Eitam for Ramon in late 1981 , the remaining 22 Mirages made their way to Hatzor to join 254 Squadron . 254 Squadron was operating both types when the 1982 Lebanon War broke out , during which the Mirages continued flying combat air patrol s . On at least one occasion they were even vectored towards enemy aircraft , but these were soon dispatched by F - 15s also on the scene . They were soon thereafter retired . In 1984 , as more Kfir C - 2s were rolling off the production line , the Kfir C - 1s were leased to the US military and 254 Squadron was deactivated . Markings . The 254 Squadron badge was a stylized bird over the outline of Israel ' s coastline . Its Kfirs wore the standard four - tone camouflague used by all IAF delta - winged fighters at the time , though usually without the black identifications triangles common on the Mirages and IAI Nesher s . They also carried serials in the 700 range , which were applied on the tail and nose gear . While with 253 Squadron , the Mirages had received blue rudders with two white chevrons separated by a black band . At the end of their tenure with the squadron some aircraft were seen with the top chevron changed to red . When the Mirages joined 254 Squadron , not only were the different rudders maintained , but both were applied to the Kfirs as well . The different markings may have been an attempt at disinformation , meant to mislead uninformed observers .
Mikhail Levashev Mikhail D . Levashev ( spelt " Levashef " in the United States ) ( c . 1738 – 1774 - 76 ) was a Russia n explorer and Lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy . After Vitus Bering ' s 1741 tragic venture he was , together with Peter Kuzmich Krenitzin , among the first to conduct an expedition to Alaska and the Aleutians . Levashev was sent by Russian Empress Catherine II , as main assistant of expedition leader Krenitzin , to explore the northern parts of the Pacific Ocean and particularly the area around the Bering strait on four ships . Levashev was the commander of ship " St . Paul " , while Krenitzin was in command of the " St . Catherine " . Krenitzin and Levashev surveyed the eastern part of the Aleutian island chain . In 1768 - 69 Levashef wintered in a natural harbor in Unalaska . The following year , after resuming their explorations , both ships wintered in Kamchatka . Certain geographic features of the Alaskan coast , like Avatanak and Akutan Island were named by Krenitzin and Levashev in the maps that were subsequently published . On July 4 , 1770 , when Krenitzin drowned , Levashef assumed command of the Russian expedition fleet and returned to St . Petersburg , where he arrived on October 22 , 1771 . Port Levashef , the harbor in Unalaska where Levashev had wintered his first year in the Northern Pacific was named in honor of this early Russian explorer by Lieutenant Gavril Sarychev .
Braccae Braccae is the Latin term for " trousers " , and in this context is today used to refer to a style of trousers , made from wool . The Romans encountered this style of clothing among peoples whom they called " Galli " ( Gauls ) . This is often assumed to mean speakers of Celtic languages , though many scholars ( including John Collis , Peter S Wells , Stephen Oppenheimer ) doubt that the term " Galli " was primarily based on linguistic affiliation . Braccae were typically made with a drawstring , and tended to reach from just above the knee at the shortest , to the ankles at the longest , with length generally increasing in tribes living further north . When the Romans first encountered the braccae , they thought them to be effeminate ( Roman men typically wore tunic s , which were one - piece outfits terminating at or above the knee ) . However , braccae eventually became popular among Roman legionaries stationed in cooler climates to the north of southern Italy . Etymology . The word is cognate with the English " breeches " . It appears to derive from the Indo - European root * " bhrg " - ' break ' , here apparently used in the sense ' divide ' , ' separate ' . The consonant sequence * " b . r . k " implies an origin in the Germanic ( with regular sound change * " g " > * " k " ) rather than the Celtic branch of the Indo - European languages ; Celtic would regularly have * " b . r . g " instead , as in Scottish Gaelic " briogais " or in breton language " bragoù " . The form * " b . r . k " is well attested in the Germanic languages ( Proto - Germanic * " brōkiz " , see breeches ) . If the Romans learnt this word from Celtic - speakers , it seems odd that the Latin word has " cc " , apparently resembling the Germanic form with * " k " rather than the Celtic form with * " g " . There are several possible explanations for this :
Leaside Aerodrome Leaside Aerodrome was an airport in the Town of Leaside , Ontario ( now a neighbourhood of Toronto ) . It opened in 1917 as a Royal Flying Corps airfield during the First World War . Unlike nearby Armour Heights Field , the airfield was not abandoned at the end of the war , but was acquired for use by the Toronto Flying Club . After the war , the airstrip became the site of Canada ' s first delivery of airmail on June 24 , 1918 when pilot Brian Peck delivered 120 letters from Montreal ( taking off from Bois - Franc Field ) . This delivery was initially organized at the behest of some of his friends in Montreal who wanted letters delivered to Toronto ; however when the Post Office Department heard of the plans , they gathered together the letters as a test of an airmail system . A modern plaque at the site of Leaside Aerodrome reads : " At 10 : 12 a . m . on June 24 , 1918 , Captain Brian Peck of the Royal Air Force and mechanic Corporal C . W . Mathers took off from the Bois Franc Polo Grounds in Montreal in a JN - 4 Curtiss two - seater airplane . They had with them the first bag of mail to be delivered by air in Canada . Wind and rain buffetted the small plane and forced it to make refuelling stops at Kingston and Deseronto . Finally , at 4 : 55 p . m . , Peck and Mathers landed at the Leaside Aerodrome ( immediately southwest of here ) . The flight had been arranged by a civilian organization , the Aerial League of the British Empire , to demonstrate that aviation was the way of the future . " A regular air express service began in 1928 . The Toronto Flying Club closed the airport in 1931 . From June 1942 - March 1944 , the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) operated No . 1 RDF ( Radio Direction Finding ) School at Leaside , and the station was briefly known as " RCAF Station Leaside " . Although the airport was replaced with industrial uses , the last hangar was not removed until 1971 . The area is now primarily home to small industrial businesses .
Battle of Connor The Battle of Connor was fought on 10 September 1315 , in the townland of Tannybrake just over a mile north of what is now the modern village of Connor , County Antrim . It was part of the Bruce campaign in Ireland . Edward Bruce and his Irish allies defeated the 2nd Earl of Ulster ' s forces following the defection of the Red Earl ' s allies ; who resolved to renounce their servitude to the Anglo - Normans . The capture of Connor permitted Bruce to re - supply his army for the coming winter from the stores the Earl of Ulster had assembled at Connor . Despite this , and another Scottish / Irish victory at the Battle of Skerries , the campaign was to be defeated at the Battle of Faughart .
Moscow Conference ( 1943 ) The Third Moscow Conference between the major Allies of World War II took place from October 18 to November 11 , 1943 , at the Moscow Kremlin and Spiridonovka Palace . History . A series of 12 meetings of between the foreign ministers of the United Kingdom , Anthony Eden ; the United States , Cordell Hull ; Republic of China , Foo Ping - sheung ; and the Soviet Union , Vyacheslav Molotov ; resulted in the Moscow Declaration and the creation of the European Advisory Commission . During the Moscow Conference of 1943 , the Soviet Union finally came to agreement with the United States and its allies to create a world organization , the European Advisory Commission . Among those who also attended for the United States were Ambassador of the United States W . Averell Harriman , Major General John R . Deane of the United States Army , Green H . Hackworth , and James C . Dunn ; for the United Kingdom , His Majesty ' s Ambassador Sir Archibald Clerk Kerr , William Strang , and Lt . General Sir Hastings Ismay ; for the Soviet Union , the Marshal of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin , K . E . Voroshilov , A . Y . Vyshinski , Deputy People ' s Commissars for Foreign Affairs M . M . Litvinov , Deputy People ' s Commissar for Foreign Trade V . A . Sergeyev , Major - General A . A . Gryslov of the General Staff , and Senior Official of the People ' s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs G . F . Saksin . Objectives of the Conference . The Third Moscow Conference was one of the first times in which foreign ministers of the United States , the United Kingdom , and the Soviet Union could meet and discuss important global matters . Here , they discussed what measures needed to be taken in order to shorten and end the war with Germany and the Axial powers , as well as how to effectively collaborate and cooperate peacefully through this period marking the end of the war . The Moscow Declaration , officially issued by the foreign ministers of United States President Franklin Roosevelt , Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom , and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union , defined how these issues would be dealt with . It included four sections , " Declaration of Four Nations on General Security " , " Declaration Regarding Italy " , " Declaration on Austria " , and " Declaration of German Atrocities " . Also during the Moscow Conference , agreements were made to establish a European Advisory Commission to make recommendations for the three joint governments and an Advisory Council regarding Italy - along with Greece and Yugoslavia - which ultimately decided in favor of restoring democracy in Italy . Restoration of independence in Austria was also declared during the Moscow Conference of 1943 .
Charles M . Betts Lieutenant Colonel Charles M . Betts ( born August 9 , 1838 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Betts received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action in Greensboro , North Carolina on 19 April 1865 . He was honored with the award on 10 October 1892 . Biography . Born August 9 , 1838 , Betts grew up on a farm in Bucks County , Pennsylvania . He attended the Loller Academy in Hatboro , Pennsylvania and then the Gummere ' s School in Burlington , New Jersey . After the outbreak of the Civil War he first joined a military company in Pennsylvania and then formed part of the Army of the Potomac in Alexandria , Virginia . He later returned to Pennsylvania and , on August 12 , 1862 , mustered into the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry . He was involved in the battles of Stone River and a battle with Cherokee Indians near Gatlinburg in East Tennessee , among others . In April 1865 , as lieutenant colonel in command of his regiment captured enemy wagons containing a large amount of silver coins , bank notes and bonds , all valued at approximately $ 4 million , in addition to other items . He was awarded the Medal of honor for leading his regiment to successfully capture a South Carolina cavalry battalion near Greensboro , North Carolina . Betts mustered out of the army on 21 June 1865 . After the war he was involved with various lumber firms in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and New York . He was also a member of the Pennsylvania Commandery , Military Order of the Loyal Legion and president of the Lumbermen ' s Exchange in 1890 .
Langdon ' s Company of Light Horse Volunteers Langdon ' s Company of Light Horse Volunteers was formed on July 21 , 1777 at Portsmouth , New Hampshire for Gen . John Stark ' s Brigade gathering at Charlestown , New Hampshire during the Saratoga Campaign . The company was formed by picked volunteers from other New Hampshire militia units . The company was with Stickney ' s and Hobart ' s regiments during the Battle of Bennington . Langdon ' s Company of Light Horse Volunteers would continue on in Stark ' s Brigade to cut off British Gen . John Burgoyne from retreat or supply after the Battle of Freeman ' s Farm . The company would also take part in Gen . John Sullivan ' s campaign in Rhode Island in 1778 . The company was disbanded in the fall of 1778 .
Joseph S . Cony Joseph Saville Cony ( 1834 – 10 February 1867 ) was an officer in the United States Navy who served during the American Civil War . The " Fletcher " - class destroyer USS " Cony " ( DD - 508 ) was named in his honor . Biography . Cony was born in 1834 in Eastport , Maine . He was appointed acting ensign 3 November 1862 . He commanded several successful small - boat expeditions along the Carolina coast while serving on the USS " Western World " and as executive officer on the USS " Shokokon " . Promoted to acting master 7 September 1863 , Cony was honorably discharged 7 November 1865 , and was lost at sea off Cape Hatteras on 10 February 1867 , when his merchant command " City of Bath " burned and sank .
Strator Α strator ( ) was a position in the Roman and Byzantine militaries roughly equivalent to a groom . The word is derived from Latin " sternere " ( " to strew " , i . e . hay , straw ) . The " strator " ( in Greek narrative sources often replaced with the Greek equivalent of " hippokomos " ) was typically a soldier , sometimes even a centurion , who was chosen from the ranks to act as a groom for a senior officer or civil official . His tasks included attending to and even procuring horses , and the supervision of the stable . In the Roman Empire , the " stratores " of the imperial court formed a distinct corps , the " schola stratorum " , headed by the Count of the Stable ( " comes stabuli " ) , and later , in the middle Byzantine period , the " protostrator " ( πρωτοστράτωρ , " first " strator " " ) . In the provincial administration , senior " stratores " chosen among centurions etc . were typically members of the staff of Roman governor s and in turn headed other , more junior " stratores " . In the Byzantine Empire , the title was more generally used as an honorific dignity for mid - level civil and military officials from the 8th century on , which led to the actual grooms of the imperial court being distinguished as " " stratores " of the imperial " stratorikion " " . The dignity of the " strator " belonged to those intended for " bearded men " ( i . e . non - eunuchs ) , and was conferred by the award of an insigne ( " dia brabeiou axia " ) , in this case a jewelled gold whip . It ranked relatively low in the imperial hierarchy : in the " Kletorologion " of 899 , it ranks sixth from the bottom , above the " kandidatos " and below the " hypatos " . The title appears in Western Europe from the mid - 8th century onwards , possibly under Byzantine influence . The variant form " starator " is attested in the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1402 .
USS Vixen ( 1813 ) USS " Vixen " was a brig in commission in the United States Navy in 1813 . " Vixen " was purchased by the U . S . Navy at Savannah , Georgia in 1813 . She was captured at sea by the Royal Navy frigate HMS " Belvidera " on 25 December 1813 while sailing from Wilmington , North Carolina , to Newcastle , Delaware without her armament or stores .
Aermacchi AM . 3 The AM . 3 was the result of a joint venture between Aermacchi and Aeritalia ( then " Aerfer Industrie Aerospaziali Meridionali " ) in response to an Italian Army requirement for an aircraft to replace the Cessna L - 19 , and was initially designated the MB - 335 . Design and development . The AM . 3 used the wing design of the Aermacchi AL - 60 utility aircraft , strengthened to incorporate two hardpoints . The fuselage was a new design . The first prototype , constructed by Aermacchi , flew on 12 May 1967 , and it was displayed at the Paris air show in June that year . The second prototype , constructed by AERFER , flew on 22 August 1968 , but the aircraft lost the Italian Army contract to the SIAI Marchetti SM . 1019 . Nevertheless , Aeritalia continued development . The third prototype used a more powerful Piaggio - built Lycoming GSO - 480 - B1B6 in place of the original Continental GTSIO - 520 - C , and this variant was designated AM . 3C Pilot and observer are accommodated in tandem positions , and the craft features dual controls . Aft space is utilitarian , providing space for two stretchers or seat space for additional passengers . Additional configurations include freight transport . Armament configurations are diverse , as well . Two standard underwing pylons were able to carry 170 kg ( 375 lb ) of stores each . Typical armament includes machine guns , rocket s , bombs and missiles . Reconnaissance packs could be fitted to , or inside of , the fuselage . Additional pylons were often added by customers . Bosbok . In September 1970 the South African Air Force ordered 40 AM . 3Cs , designating the aircraft the AM . 3CM Bosbok ( Bush - buck ) . The first aircraft was taken on charge in March 1973 , with deliveries continuing until December 1975 , equipping 41 Squadron and 42 Squadron . The Bosbok saw extensive action during the South African military operations in Angola between 1975 and 1989 , during which it wore an olive - drab / dark earth camouflage instead of the light - grey paintscheme in which it was delivered . The SAAF ' s Bosboks had four underwing hardpoints from which a variety of ordnance could be hung , including machine gun pods , light bombs and smoke - rocket pods . Each of the two inner hardpoints was stressed for a 170 kg ( 375 lb ) load , with the two outer points being stressed for a 91 kg ( 200 lb ) load . Roles performed by the Bosbok in SAAF service include : It was in the dangerous role of target - marking that the Bosbok really excelled , in which it used the following technique : The aircraft would run in to the target at tree - top height , pull up to around 92 m ( 300 ft ) when nearly overhead the target , line up the nose on the target and release the rockets , before quickly turning away and diving back to tree - top level to avoid ground - fire . Using this method , a Bosbok was once credited with destroying an entire 37 mm anti - aircraft gun position with a lucky direct hit from one of its smoke marker rockets . Following the end of South Africa ' s involvement in the in 1989 and the subsequent downsizing of the SAAF , the Bosbok was retired from service in 1992 .
RWD - 25 The RWD - 25 was a proposed Polish low - wing light fighter aircraft of 1939 designed by RWD . The project was abandoned when Poland was invaded . Design and development . In late 1930s the Polish Army sought several replacements for the rapidly - ageing PZL P . 11c , the backbone of Polish aviation of the epoch . One of the specifications issued by the new commander of Polish aviation General Józef Zając in the spring of 1939 was for a Jockey - class plane , a light , inexpensive and easy to produce interceptor . The plane was to use a cheaper , less powerful radial engine than more advanced multi - purpose fighters . The Jockeys were to be used in accordance with the French concept of " chimney flight s " , that is for aerial defence of valuable factories and other military targets behind friendly lines . For that purpose they needed less speed , but more manoeuvrability and a faster rate of climb . The plane was to rise quickly after the alarm is sounded and attack formations of enemy bombers in a dive , thus enhancing its speed . One of such fighters designed and produced in France was the Caudron C . 710 . Three Polish aircraft design studios produced designs to that specification . All were to be powered by the Gnome - Rhône Mars radial engine . The Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów created the PWS - 42 , the Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze created the PZL . 45 Sokół . The last to propose a new design was the RWD , with its RWD - 25 by Jerzy Drzewiecki and Tadeusz Chyliński , Henryk Millicer , Jan Idzikowski . The RWD 25 was proposed as a single - seat cantilever low - wing monoplane fighter powered by a Gnome - Rhône Mars 14M05 radial engine . It was to be armed with four wing - mounted KMO wz . 37 " Szczeniak " machine - guns . The construction was to be mixed for cheaper and faster production : steel fuselage frame covered with linen and plywood . The wings were to be made entirely of wood . For lighter weight and cheaper production , the design included a fixed landing gear , though it is probable that the eventual series would have a retractable landing gear . Although the RWD received orders for a prototype and a full - scale mock - up for further tests , the outbreak of World War II interrupted the development and no planes were ever built .
Polish Southern Front The Southern Front ( Polish " Front Południowy " ) was one of two front s of the Polish Army created during the Polish Defensive War of 1939 against the allied forces of Nazi Germany and Soviet Union . It was established on September 12 out of the Polish Armies " Karpaty " and " Kraków " , as well as several military units created behind the front - lines . Its commander was Gen . Kazimierz Sosnkowski , who was ordered by the Commander in Chief Edward Rydz - Śmigły to organize the Polish defence in the area of Lesser Poland and Volhynia and to prepare a last stand for the Polish defence in the so - called Romanian Bridgehead . Created too late to be able to change the fate of the war , the front was never established as a single entity and the entry of the Soviet Union on the side of Nazi Germany to the war against Poland made the plans for the front ' s creation obsolete .