naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Capture of Berwick ( 1318 ) The Capture of Berwick was an event in the First War of Scottish Independence which took place in April 1318 . Sir James Douglas , Lord of Douglas took the town and castle of Berwick - upon - Tweed from the English , who had controlled the town since 1296 . Following the decisive Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 , the Scots had recovered all their strongholds , with the exception of Berwick . In September 1317 , King Robert Bruce attempted a siege of Berwick , which lasted until November before he withdrew . The following April , an English sergeant was bribed to allow a party of Scots to climb the town wall . The raiding party , led by Sir James Douglas , and possibly the Earl of Dunbar , took the town after a fight . The castle was warned when they lost control of their men , who began to plunder and failed to capture the castle . King Robert soon arrived with an army , and after an eleven - week siege , the castle garrison capitulated due to a lack of supplies . The English burgesses were expelled , and King Robert re - established Berwick as a Scottish trading port , installing his son - in - law Walter Stewart as Keeper . The retaking of Berwick was a significant victory for the Scots . Historian Michael Brown notes that " symbolically , the capture of town and then castle marked the completion of King Robert ' s realm and kingship . " However , Berwick would change hands several more times in the years to come , before permanently becoming part of England when the town was captured in 1482 .
Seymour D . Ruchamkin Seymour D . Ruchamkin ( 1918 – 1942 ) was a United States Navy officer who received the Navy Cross posthumously for his actions in combat during World War II . Biography . Seymour David Ruchamkin was born March 8 , 1912 in New York City . He graduated from the University of California , Berkeley in 1940 and shortly thereafter , on July 13 , 1940 , enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve . Appointed midshipman on September 16 , 1940 , he attended the United States Naval Reserve Midshipman School at Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois , and reported to the destroyer USS " Cushing " ( DD - 376 ) on January 24 , 1941 . On November 13 , 1942 , Lieutenant , junior grade , Ruchamkin was killed in action against Japan ese forces in Ironbottom Sound off Savo Island in the Solomon Islands during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal . Awards . Ruchamkin was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for " . . . extraordinary heroism as first lieutenant aboard the USS " Cushing " . . . While under vigorous bombardment by hostile naval units . . . Ruchamkin . . . efficiently directed the fighting of fires and the efforts to control damage . Leading his party to an area below decks to extinguish flames which were raging there , he never returned . " Namesake . The U . S . Navy destroyer escort USS " Ruchamkin " ( DE - 228 ) , was named for Ruchamkin . She was converted during construction into the high - speed transport USS " Ruchamkin " ( APD - 89 , later LPR - 89 ) , and was in commission as such from 1945 to 1946 , from 1951 to 1957 , and from 1961 to 1969 .
USS Chippewa ( AT - 69 ) USS " Chippewa " ( AT - 69 ) was a constructed for the United States Navy during World War II . Her purpose was to aid ships , usually by towing , on the high seas or in combat or post - combat areas , plus " other duties as assigned . " She served in the Atlantic Ocean . " Chippewa " was laid down as AT - 69 , on 26 June 1942 , by the Charleston Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co . , Charleston , South Carolina ; launched on 25 July 1942 ; sponsored by Mrs . T . Horton ; and commissioned on 14 February 1943 , Lt . ( jg . ) A . V . Swarthout in command . World War II Atlantic Ocean operations . " Chippewa " crossed the Atlantic from Norfolk to Casablanca to lay buoys there between 4 May 1943 and 9 June , returning to Boston 26 June . Two days later , she cleared for Norfolk and overhaul , and on 19 July began towing duty with a passage to Bermuda and Jacksonville . Assigned to duty in the Caribbean Sea Frontier , she made Trinidad , British West Indies , her principal base until 6 May 1944 , when she returned to Norfolk for repairs . On 15 May she was reclassified ATF - 69 . With repairs complete 11 June 1944 , " Chippewa " returned to towing and salvage duty in the Caribbean out of Trinidad until 29 March 1945 . After repairs at Norfolk , she was reassigned for duty based on Argentia , Newfoundland , between 19 May and 1 November . During this time , she made a long towing voyage to Houston , Tex . " Chippewa " made her last towing passage from Boston to Bermuda to Norfolk , where she arrived 28 December with SS War Bonnet in tow . Post - war decommissioning and Fate . In March 1946 , " Chippewa " reported to the U . S . 16th Fleet for inactivation , decommissioning on 26 February 1947 and berthing at Orange , Texas . The diesel electric , single screw tug remained in the Reserve Fleet until transferred to the Maritime Administration and moved to the Beaumont NDRF on 15 November 1960 . " Chippewa " was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1961 . " Chippewa " remained in the Beaumont NDRF until 17 August 1989 when she was returned to the Navy to be prepared to be sunk as an artificial reef . " Chippewa " was sunk on 8 February 1990 by a network of 37 explosive charges , where she continues to serve the Panama City area as an artificial reef .
703 Naval Air Squadron 703 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy was formed as a long - range catapult squadron on 3 March 1942 at RNAS Lee - on - Solent . During the Cold War , it was reformed as an experimental trials unit , and then as a helicopter training squadron . Since 2003 , the squadron has formed the Royal Naval wing of the Defence Elementary Flying Training School at RAF Barkston Heath . World War II . On 3 March 1942 , 703 Naval Air Squadron was formed at RNAS Lee - on - Solent as a long - range catapult squadron flying Fairey Swordfish , and later other aircraft types including Hawker Hurricane s . Flights were deployed in Armed Merchant Cruisers for patrolling duties . The squadron also operated three Supermarine Walrus amphibian aircraft from an airfield in South Africa . On 1 May 1944 , the squadron was disbanded . Air Sea Warfare Development Unit ( 1945 - 1950 ) . In April 1945 , the squadron was reformed as the Air Sea Warfare Development Unit ( ASWDU ) at RAF Thorney Island , to conduct experimental trials on a large variety of aircraft including the Grumman Avenger , Fairey Barracuda , Fairey Firefly and de Havilland Sea Mosquito . Service Trials Unit ( 1950 - 1955 ) . In April 1950 , the squadron moved to RAF Ford ( now the site of HM Prison Ford ) , and was renamed the Service Trials Unit . At Ford it experimented with British innovations in aircraft carrier operations , including the mirror landing aid and the steam catapult . Another esoteric idea , which was not put into operation , was the plan to land jet aircraft on to a flexible deck , without the use of an undercarriage ; trials were conducted by the squadron using a de Havilland Sea Vampire . New aircraft types were also evaluated , and 703 NAS conducted trials on the Fairey Gannet AS1 and Westland Wyvern . In August 1955 , 703 NAS and 771 NAS amalgamated to form 700 Naval Air Squadron . Wasp training squadron ( 1972 - 1981 ) . On 22 January 1972 , 703 NAS was re - formed at RNAS Portland to conduct training on the Westland Wasp , including from February 1975 advanced training , a role it took over from 706 Naval Air Squadron . On 1 January 1981 , after 9 years of training aircrew on the Wasp , the squadron was disbanded . Elementary Flying Training ( 2003 - present ) . In 1993 , the RAF and RN Elementary Flying Training was merged to form a single school at RAF Topcliffe , and from 1995 , at RAF Barkston Heath . In 1996 , after taking on Army Air Corps training , the unit was renamed the Joint Elementary Flying Training School ( JEFTS ) . In 2003 , the RAF withdrew from the organisation , and the unit was renamed the Defence Elementary Flying Training School ( DEFTS ) . At this time , the Royal Naval element was organised as 703 Naval Air Squadron , and the Army element became 674 Squadron Army Air Corps . 703 NAS trains about 60 Royal Navy pilots every year , until 2009 in the Slingsby Firefly , and since then in the Grob Tutor . Aircraft flown . Largely because of its role as a trials unit in the 1950s , 703 Naval Air Squadron has flown a large number of aircraft types , including :
7 . 5 cm FK 18 The 7 . 5 cm Feldkanone 18 ( 7 . 5 cm FK 18 ) was a field gun used by Germany in World War II . It was designed to replace the 7 . 5 cm FK 16 nA , which was a World War I - era 7 . 7 cm FK 16 rebarreled in 75 mm during the early Thirties . The development of the FK 18 had a low priority and it wasn ' t until 1938 that the gun was issued to the Heer . Design . The FK 18 was significantly lighter than the older gun , but was otherwise an unimpressive weapon . It used a modern split trail carriage , with the rear section and spades folding upwards for travel . It used the typical German recoil system where the hydraulic buffer was housed in the cradle underneath the barrel and the hydro - pneumatic recuperator in a cylinder above the barrel . For some reason the FK 18 was unusually prone to bore damage from cartridge debris and the barrel had to be inspected after every shot to ensure that it was clear .
Zafar Chaudhry Air Marshal Zafar Ahmed Chaudhry , SQA ( born 19 August 1926 ) was the first Chief of Air Staff and a three - star general of the Pakistan Air Force from March 1972 to April 1974 . His predecessor , Abdul Rahim Khan , was called Commander - in - Chief . Before becoming the air chief , Chaudhry stayed as the Managing Director of the national airline Pakistan International Airlines from July 1971 to March 1972 . Chaudhry has commanded No . 9 Squadron , No . 32 Flying Wing ( Mauripur ) , PAF Academy Risalpur and PAF Base Sargodha . Amongst his staff appointments , he was Director of Operations , Director of Plans and ACAS ( Operations ) at the AHQ . Zafar Chaudhry belongs to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community . He was commissioned in the British Indian Air Force on 9 April 1945 . Among his important assignments in the PAF were : after commander of the PAF Academy and later of PAF Base Sargodha ; at Air Headquarter , he did a tour as chief of operations . In between , he graduated from two British staff colleges as well as the Imperial Defence College . He is a founding member of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan , has served as its Treasurer and is currently a Council Member .
Gordon Beecher William Gordon Beecher , Jr . ( January 19 , 1904 , Baltimore , Maryland – December 7 , 1973 ) was an American composer , author and vice admiral . Many of his musical arrangements were done in cooperation with Johnny Noble . Beecher was educated at the United States Naval Academy and at the National War College . He served 34 years in the United States Navy , retiring as a vice admiral in 1955 . In World War II , Beecher commanded a destroyer squadron , and fought at Pearl Harbor , Iwo Jima , and Okinawa . He received the Legion of Merit . Between 1933 and 1935 , Beecher directed the USNA Musical Clubs and joined ASCAP in 1944 . Known compositions , many of which he published under the pseudonym " Gordon Beecher " , are " A Song of Old Hawaii " , " Sing an American Song " , " Counting On You " , " All Pau Now " , " Nimitz , Halsey and Me " , " Just a Happy Kama ' aina " and " The Ramparts We Watch " . Beecher died in 1973 and is buried at the Arlington National Cemetery .
James H . Monroe James Howard Monroe ( October 17 , 1944 – February 16 , 1967 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions as a combat medic in the Vietnam War . Biography . Monroe was born in Aurora , Illinois , and attended Wheaton Central High School in nearby Wheaton , Illinois . He participated in football and the biology club before graduating in 1962 . He then studied political science at Washington and Lee University in Lexington , Virginia , but left before graduating and was drafted into the U . S . Army in June 1966 . Monroe was sent to Vietnam in November 1966 as a private first class serving as a medic in the Headquarters and Headquarters Company of the 1st Battalion , 8th Cavalry Regiment , 1st Cavalry Division ( Airmobile ) . On February 16 , 1967 , in Bong Son , Hoai Nhon Province , South Vietnam , Monroe crossed through enemy fire to treat wounded soldiers and smothered the blast of a grenade with his body , sacrificing his own life to protect those around him . Monroe , age 22 at his death , was buried at Wheaton Cemetery in Wheaton , Illinois . His family was formally presented with his Medal of Honor during a ceremony at the Pentagon on what would have been his twenty - fourth birthday , October 17 , 1968 . Monroe Middle School in Wheaton is named in his honor , and his medal is on display at the school . A medical clinic on Fort Hood is named in his honor . So is James Howard Monroe middle school located in Wheaton Illinois . ( his hometown ) Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class Monroe ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . His platoon was deployed in a night ambush when the position was suddenly subjected to an intense and accurate grenade attack , and 1 foxhole was hit immediately . Responding without hesitation to the calls for help from the wounded men Pfc . Monroe moved forward through heavy small - arms fire to the foxhole but found that all of the men had expired . He turned immediately and crawled back through the deadly hail of fire toward other calls for aid . He moved to the platoon sergeant ' s position where he found the radio operator bleeding profusely from fragmentation and bullet wounds . Ignoring the continuing enemy attack , Pfc . Monroe began treating the wounded man when he saw a live grenade fall directly in front of the position . He shouted a warning to all those nearby , pushed the wounded radio operator and the platoon sergeant to one side , and lunged forward to smother the grenade ' s blast with his body . Through his valorous actions , performed in a flash of inspired selflessness , Pfc . Monroe saved the lives of 2 of his comrades and prevented the probable injury of several others . His gallantry and intrepidity were in the highest traditions of the U . S . Army , and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country .
Charles P . Davis Charles P . Davis ( June 5 , 1872 – May 28 , 1943 ) was a United States Army soldier received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine – American War on May 16 , 1899 with 29 other members of Young ' s Scout . He was one of thirteen members of Young ' s Scouts who were awarded the Medal of Honor between May 13 – 16 , 1899 . Charles Davis is buried in North Dakota Veterans Cemetery , Mandan , North Dakota . His grave can be located in section C , site 437 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company G , 1st North Dakota Volunteer Infantry . Place and date : Near San Isidro , Philippine Islands , May 16 , 1899 . Entered service at : Valley City , N . Dak . Birth : Long Prairie , Minn . Date of issue : April 28 , 1906 . Citation : With 21 other scouts charged across a burning bridge , under heavy fire , and completely routed 600 of the enemy who were entrenched in a strongly fortified position .
No . 119 Squadron RAF No . 119 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the Royal Air Force , flying with RAF Coastal Command during the Second World War . It was the only RAF unit flying the Short G class and Short C class flying boats . History . Formation in World War I . No . 119 Squadron was originally formed on 1 January 1918 at RAF Andover to become a day bomber unit . It flew various aircraft , including Airco DH . 4 s and Airco DH . 9 s in the working up period spent at RAF Duxford and later RAF Thetford , but failed to become operational and was disbanded at RAF Wyton on 6 December of the same year . Reformation in World War II . On Flying boats . The squadron was reformed form ' G ' flight at RAF Bowmore , Strathclyde on 13 March 1941 , as part of No . 15 Group of Coastal Command . The unit was equipped with the three Short G class and two Short C class ( Clio and Cordelia ) flying boats , re - equipping with the Catalina Mk . Ib in June 1941 . The squadron deployed to RAF Pembroke Dock on 4 August , becoming non - operational there for lack of servicable aircraft until they moved to RAF Lough Erne on 19 April 1942 , where they re - equipped with the Catalina Mk . IIIa the next month . In August they returned to Pembroke Dock , changing to Sunderland Mks . II and IIIs in September . The squadron was disbanded on 17 April 1943 at Pembroke Dock . On biplanes . On 19 July 1944 however , 119 Squadron was reformed by redesignation of a flight of No . 415 Squadron RCAF at RAF Manston , equipped with Albacore Mk . I s , taking over the aircraft as well as the squadron code , ' NH ' ( till this moment the aircraft of no . 119 sqn had only carried single - letter individual aircraft codes ) . They deployed to RAF Swingfield and ( very briefly ) RAF Beccles before being based at RAF Bircham Newton in September , flying anti - shipping patrols and hunting for German E - boats and R - boats . In October 1944 detachments of the squadron were sent to B . 65 / Maldeghem , B . 63 / St . Croix and B . 83 / Knocke - Le Zoute in Belgium and added German midget - submarines to its prey . In January 1945 they re - equipped with the ASV - equipped Swordfish Mk . III which aided in the hunt on midget - submarines , destroying three before their final mission was flown on 8 May 1945 . The squadron disbanded at Bircham Newton on 25 May 1945 .
Roger E . Combs Roger E . Combs is a retired Major General in the Air National Guard . His last assignment was as the Director of Strategic Plans and Policy ( J - 5 ) for the National Guard Bureau . In this position he was responsible to the chief , National Guard Bureau to develop , promulgate and implement policy , plans , concepts and strategy for the nearly half million citizen soldiers and airmen of the Army and Air National Guard . His duties touched and concerned war - fighting , peacetime international activities and aspects of the federal and state homeland security and civil support missions of both the National Guard Bureau and the corporate National Guard . The mission scope of the J - 5 Directorate also includes representing the chief of the National Guard Bureau in Department of Defense , inter - agency , intergovernmental and non - governmental forums . Previously , General Combs was assistant Adjutant General for Air and deputy commander of Joint Forces Headquarters , Missouri . He also served as the Air National Guard assistant to commander , First Air Force , Tyndall Air Force Base , Florida . Career . Combs began his military career by attending Officer Candidate School in the United States Marine Corps in 1968 . After designation as a naval aviator , he served a tour in Vietnam as a combat helicopter pilot in 1969 - 70 . While he holds no United States Air Force rating , he is an aircraft commander who has earned ratings as a Naval Aviator and a Senior Army Aviator . He has over 2 , 500 flying hours in four types of rotary wing aircraft including more than 500 hours of combat time in a CH - 46 . He then served a number of years as director of intelligence for a C - 130 Hercules Airlift Wing . After transferring to Headquarters , Missouri Air National Guard , Combs became engaged in , and has become nationally recognized for his expertise in long range and strategic planning . In recent years he has participated in numerous national level forums which have favorably impacted upon the current readiness , reliability and relevance of the Air National Guard . He is currently a member of the Air Reserve Forces Policy Committee . Civilian Occupation . Combs is a former Associate Circuit Judge in Missouri ’ s 4th Judicial Circuit .
PROWLER PROWLER was a mid - 1980s experimental robot mobile sentry gun device . The name was an acronym standing for " Programmable Robot Observer With Logical Enemy Response " . The " Logical Enemy Response " was twin M60 machine gun s , and a grenade launcher . PROWLER was " the first outdoor robotic sentry / surveillance system . " PROWLER was a six - wheeled vehicle with a gun turret and sensor array , resembling a miniature tank , developed from 1983 onwards . The robot was built by Robot Defence Systems ( RDS ) , a company from Thornton , Colorado , which has since gone out of business .
Joint Unmanned Aerial Systems Center of Excellence The Joint Unmanned Aircraft Systems Center of Excellence ( JUAS COE ) is a multi service unit of the United States Armed Forces based at Creech Air Force Base in Indian Springs , Nevada . The Center of Excellence is designed to improve interoperability and use , and examines the use of sensors and intelligence collection assets to meet joint operational requirements of U . S . forces in any combat environment . The COE is an operationally focused organization concentrating on UAV systems technology , joint concepts , training , tactics , and procedural solutions to the warfighters ’ needs . The Army will initially lead the Joint UAV COE with the Air Force as deputy . These positions will rotate among the four military services . Once established , the center has representatives from all four military services and other DOD and non - DOD agencies History . The JUAS COE replaced the Air Force Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Center of Excellence at Creech . The Joint COE stood up at Creech AFB in 2005 .
AN / SQQ - 32 Mine - hunting sonar The AN / SQQ - 32 is a mine - hunting sonar system . Developed by Raytheon for the United States Navy , it includes an active sonar for detecting objects on the surface , in the volume , and on the bottom of the ocean , and another sonar for classifying those objects as mines or non - mines . The classification sonar is a product of Thales Underwater Systems . The two sonar transmitter / receivers are in a towed body which can be configured to attach to the bottom of the hull for shallower water or trail aft of and / or below the mine countermeasures ship such as the Fiberglass hulled USS Patriot . Electronic systems within the ship process and display the signals . The SQQ - 32 system became operational in 1990 and is currently installed on all mine countermeasures ships in the " Avenger " and " Osprey " classes . The AN / SQQ - 32 ( V ) 3 upgrade provided new user consoles , and was introduced to the fleet in 1999 .
HMS Lawford ( K514 ) HMS " Lawford " ( K514 ) was a Royal Navy converted Captain class frigate ( pennant DE - 516 ) , built in the US in 1944 . She was converted into an HQ ship for the Normandy landings . On 8 June 1944 , whilst operating off Juno Beach , she was hit by enemy fire during an air attack and sunk . Thirty - seven of her crew died . The Royal Navy ' s damage summary report states that the ship was hit by an " aerial torpedo " , which has been taken to mean a torpedo dropped from an aircraft . However , a survey of the ship undertaken as part of the Channel 4 TV series " Wreck Detectives " found evidence that the vessel was broken up and sunk by an internal explosion , indicating a hit from one or more bombs or from an early guided missile such as an Hs - 293 or ( less likely ) a Fritz X . Further consideration suggests that the term " aerial torpedo " used in the RN damage summaries was actually intended to refer to guided missiles . The wreck lies in 21 meters of water at . Notes .