naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alois Magg Alois Magg ( 24 December 1914 – 22 October 2001 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Milton Lewis Milton Lewis ( 1920 – 1942 ) was a United States Marine Corps corporal who received a posthumous Navy Cross for his actions in the Battle of Tulagi during World War II . Biography . Milton Lewis was born on 8 July 1920 in Gainesville , Florida . He attended Gainesville High School , where he was a stand - out athlete , leading the swimming and football teams . He cut his schooling short in 1938 and enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on 20 February 1939 . After completing training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island at Parris Island , South Carolina , he served at various posts in the United States as well as at Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . Promoted to corporal on 12 September 1940 , he departed for World War II action in the Pacific in June 1942 . During the invasion of the Solomon Islands , Corporal Lewis was involved in the landings on Tulagi on 7 August 1942 . On the day of the landings , he led his squad in a determined attack against a Japan ese machine gun position which blocked his unit ’ s advance . Corporal Lewis was mortally wounded during the assault , but his relentless fighting spirit so inspired his men that they wiped out the Japanese emplacement . Corporal Lewis was the first resident of Alachua County , Florida , to die in combat in World War II . Awards . For his extraordinary heroism and unswerving devotion to duty during the Battle of Tulagi , Corporal Lewis was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously . Namesakes . The United States Navy destroyer escort USS " Milton Lewis " ( De - 772 ) launched in 1944 but never completed , was named for Corporal Lewis .
David Stevenson ( WWI historian ) David Stevenson is a British historian specialising in World War I . He is Stevenson Professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science ( LSE ) . Stevenson studied for his undergraduate degree at the University of Cambridge , before receiving a Ph . D . from the same university . He became a Lecturer at the LSE in 1982 . In 1998 , he was appointed Professor of International History . Between 2004 and 2005 , he also received a Leverhulme Research Fellowship " for research on supply and logistics in 1914 - 1918 " His most recent book is " With Our Backs to the Wall : Victory and Defeat in 1918 " , released by Penguin ( in the UK ) and Belknap Press . Professor Stevenson is married and lives in Essex . He has six grandchildren : William , Gemma , Ethan , James , Hannah and Beth .
Robert Kingston Robert Charles Kingston ( July 16 , 1928February 28 , 2007 ) was an United States Army general who served as the commander of U . S . Central Command . Early life and education . Kingston was born in Brookline , Massachusetts on July 16 , 1928 , and graduated from Brookline High School in 1947 . He entered the Army as an enlisted soldier in November 1948 . The following year he attended Officer Candidate School at Fort Riley , Kansas and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Infantry on December 20 , 1949 . Career . As a second lieutenant , Kingston commanded Task Force Kingston in the early phase of the Korean War , driving his unit all the way to the Yalu River . Kingston commanded troops at each level from platoon to brigade . In 1970 he was assigned as the Deputy Secretary of the General Staff , Office of the Chief of Staff , U . S . Army . In June 1972 General Kingston returned to Vietnam where he was promoted to Brigadier General in December and served as Deputy Commanding General , Second Regional Assistance Command and as Deputy Senior Advisor , II Corps and Military Region 2 . In January 1973 , Kingston assumed command of the Joint Casualty Resolution Center in Nakhon Phanom , Thailand . Upon his return to the United States in 1974 , he assumed duties as Assistant Division Commander of the First Infantry Division and was promoted to Major General in September 1975 . He assumed command of the US Army John F . Kennedy Center for Military Assistance and the U . S . Army Institute for Military Assistance at Fort Bragg in 1975 . Leaving Fort Bragg , General Kingston assumed command of the Army ' s 2nd Infantry Division in Tongduchon , Korea and served as Commanding General from June 1979 - June 1981 . Following his promotion to Lieutenant General in 1981 he assumed command of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force , MacDill Air Force Base Florida . On November 6 , 1984 , he was promoted to general , and a year later he retired from active duty . Later life and death . Kingston died on February 28 , 2007 , at the age of 78 , due to complications from a fall .
MV Aorangi ( 1924 ) The Aorangi was a passenger vessel built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company , Govan for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and launched in 1924 . Career . Launched in 1924 for the Vancouver - Australia passenger route . " Aorangai " was fitted out as a troopship in 1941 and chartered until 1948 , when she was returned to her owners . Fate . She was broken up in 1953 .
USS Garland ( 1815 ) USS " Garland " ( 1815 ) was a bark acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . The Navy planned on using her as part of the stone fleet ; however , because of the Union Army ’ s need for a supply ship , she was transferred to that service for the duration of the entire war . Constructed for service as a privateer . " Garland " was a bark built at Quincy , Massachusetts , in 1815 for service as a privateer . Converted for use as a part of the “ stone fleet ” . She was rebuilt at New Bedford , Massachusetts , in 1845 and purchased there by Morgan and Chappell for $ 3 , 150 for the Navy on 28 October 1861 for the " Stone Fleet . " Transferred to the Union Army as a supply ship . However , she was not used as an obstruction but transferred to the Army Quartermaster Department at Hilton Head , South Carolina , 7 January 1862 for service as a supply ship .
USS Mason ( DD - 191 ) USS " Mason " ( DD - 191 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II . She was later transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS " Broadwater " ( H - 81 ) . As USS " Mason " . The first Navy ship named for Secretary of the Navy John Y . Mason ( 1799 – 1859 ) , " Mason " was laid down by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company , Newport News , Virginia , 10 July 1918 ; launched 8 March 1919 ; sponsored by Miss Mary Mason Williams , great - granddaughter of Secretary Mason and commissioned at Norfolk Navy Yard 28 February 1920 , Lieutenant Carl F . Holden temporarily in command until Lieutenant Commander Hartwell C . Davis took command 8 March . On 17 July " Mason " was designated DD - 191 . After shakedown off Norfolk , Virginia , she operated along the east coast for the next 2 years until she sailed for Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 6 February 1922 limiting naval armament , the destroyer decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard 3 July 1922 . As HMS " Broadwater " . After World War II broke out in Europe , " Mason " recommissioned 4 December 1939 . Under terms of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement of 2 September 1940 , she became one of 50 overage ships of this class turned over to Great Britain in exchange for 99 - year leases on strategic bases in the Western Hemisphere . " Mason " arrived at Halifax , Nova Scotia , 2 October ; decommissioned 8 October 1940 ; and was transferred to the British Royal Navy as HMS " Broadwater " ( H - 81 ) the next day . On 15 October she departed Halifax for the British Isles , via St . John ’ s , Newfoundland , arriving in the River Clyde , Scotland , on the 26th for service with the 11th Escort Group , Western Approaches Command . During the early part of 1941 the " Broadwater " escorted convoys , carrying troops and military supplies , around the Cape of Good Hope to the Middle East . She spent May and June at Southampton , England . Assigned to the Newfoundland Escort Force in July , the ship patrolled the North Atlantic and guarded convoys against the German submarine “ wolfpacks ” into the fall of that year . Early in the morning of 17 October she attacked a U - boat , one of a pack assaulting an American convoy SC - 48 some 400 miles south of Iceland . The following day " Broadwater " fell victim to torpedoes of and sank at 13 : 40 . Four officers and forty crew lost their lives including Lt . John Stanley Parker RNVR , the first American to die in action whilst serving under the White Ensign .
Fabius Valens Fabius Valens of Anagni a ( d . 69 ) was a Roman commander favoured by Nero . In 69 he was commander of Legio I " Germanica " based in Germania Inferior . When the troops refused to endorse the new emperor Galba after Nero ' s death , he had them proclaim Vitellius , the governor of Germania Inferior , as emperor . The forces supporting Vitellius were divided into two armies for the march on Rome , one of them commanded by Valens . Valens ' troops took a route through Gaul , probably to recruit additional soldiers , before eventually joining with the other Vitellian army , led by Caecina , at Cremona . By then Galba had been killed and Otho had been proclaimed emperor at Rome . Otho ' s forces met the combined Vitellian armies at the first Battle of Bedriacum . Valens and Caecina won a decisive victory , and Otho committed suicide when he heard the news of his army ' s defeat . Vitellius was able to make a triumphant entry into Rome . However , the armies in the east had proclaimed Vespasian as emperor , and two armies supporting Vespasian marched on Rome . The first to reach Italy was composed of five legions from Pannonia and Moesia , commanded by Antonius Primus . Valens was ill at the time , so that the force that Vitellius despatched from Rome to counter this threat was commanded by Caecina . Caecina tried to betray Vitellius and proclaim Vespasian as emperor , but his army refused to follow his lead , and put him in chains . By this time Valens had recovered from his illness and was on his way to join the army , but before he could arrive , the second Battle of Bedriacum had been fought and the Vitellian forces defeated by Antonius . Valens tried to continue the struggle , and departed by ship from Pisa for Gaul to try to raise new troops . He put in at Hercules Monoecus ( modern Monaco ) but was advised not to try to march inland as a procurator named Valerius Paulus had raised a strong force from former members of Otho ' s Praetorian Guard . These had been dismissed from the service after Vitellius ' victory , but were only too ready to re - enlist to support Vitellius ' rival . Valens therefore sailed on , and was cast up by a storm on the Stoechades ( modern Iles d ' Hyeres , near Toulon ) . Here he was caught by surprise by some galleys sent after him by Valerius Paulinus , and captured . Paulinus sent him back to Italy , where he was executed by beheading at Urvinum ( modern Urbino ) . His head was taken to Narni to be shown to the Vitellian troops who were still resisting there and had been hoping that Valens would return with reinforcements . The sight of Valens ' head was enough to persuade them to surrender . One anecdote says that he appeared on the music - stage hall at Nero ' s coming of age celebrations , not at the command of Nero but voluntarily . At the time this was frowned upon , and many people thought that he was merely a man of fashion .
Eduard Zorn Eduard Emil Karl Zorn ( 8 August 1901 – 4 February 1945 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Eduard Zorn was killed on 4 February 1945 in the Colmar Pocket . He was posthumously promoted to Generalmajor and awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross .
Battle of Pistoria The Battle of Pistoria was fought in January of 62 BC between the forces of the Roman Republic and Catiline , a senatorial conspirator who wished to overthrow the republic , but failed in his objective . Catiline had been denounced by Cicero , and was attempting to flee with his force into Gaul and had been blocked by forces of Quintus Metellus Celer and Gaius Antonius Hybrida ( joint Consul with Cicero for the year in question ) . Knowing that both armies were closing in on him , he decided to make a stand against Antonius Hybrida near Pistoria with his back against the mountains ; he hoped that if he defeated Antonius , the other armies would lose morale and more people would flock to his cause . Some sources say that Catiline might have faced Antonius hoping he might still switch sides . Some accounts say Catiline had just over 10 , 000 men , which was about 2 legions worth , but it is not certain how many soldiers Gaius Antonius had under his command but Sallust states in his writings " The conspiracy of Catiline " that he outnumbered Catiline ' s forces . On the day , Gaius Antonius Hybrida was said to have been struck by gout and command was passed to his lieutenant ( Master of Horse ) Marcus Petreius . Petreius ' s forces won , having broken the center of Catiline ' s line , flanked , and then routed Catiline ' s army . Catiline was found dead in the midst of his enemy far from his line of the battle . Sallust says in " Bellum Catilinae " ( 60 . 7 ) that Catiline , seeing that he was losing the battle , threw himself amongst Petreius ' s army ; that he wanted to keep what little honour he had left , and is commended for fighting bravely with his men .
Archibald C . Godwin Archibald Campbell Godwin ( 1831 - September 19 , 1864 ) was an brigadier general in the Confederate States Army who was killed at the Third Battle of Winchester during the American Civil War . Early life . Archibald C . Godwin was born in Nansemond County , Virginia in 1831 , the son of Jonathan Lewis and Julia Campbell Godwin . Before his first birthday , he was moved to Portsmouth , Virginia to live with his grandmother . He was educated in Portsmouth . Around the age of nineteen he went to California hoping to strike it rich mining for gold . He was able to build a fortune on gold mining , cattle , timber and real estate . In 1860 , the 6 ' 6 " Godwin lost the Democratic Party nomination for governor by one vote . Civil War . Godwin returned to his native state when the American Civil War broke out in 1861 . He initially served as a captain and then major in the provost and acted as assistant provost marshal in charge of Libby Prison . Jefferson Davis assigned Godwin the task of constructing the prison stockade in Salisbury , North Carolina . He was transferred to the front taking the colonel cy of the 57th North Carolina Infantry on July 17 , 1862 . Godwin ' s first action came at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13 , 1862 . He also served as a member of Robert F . Hoke ' s Brigade during the Fredericksburg phase of the Chancellorsville Campaign . Hoke had been wounded and was replaced by Colonel Isaac E . Avery . Godwin marched under the command of Avery to Gettysburg , Pennsylvania in the summer of 1863 participating in the attack on Cemetery Hill on July 2 at the Battle of Gettysburg . With the mortal wounding of Colonel Avery , Godwin temporarily assumed command of the brigade and led it back into Virginia and until November 7 , 1863 when he was captured at Rappahannock Bridge . He was exchanged in 1864 , and promoted to brigadier general commanding what had formerly been Hoke ' s Brigade on August 5 . Death . On September 19 he was killed at the Third Battle of Winchester . He had acquired a reputation for being quite cruel to Union captives . There had been some discussion after the war of trying Godwin for war crimes until it was discovered that he was already dead . Godwin is buried at Stonewall Cemetery in Winchester , Virginia . There is also a monument for him at Cedar Grove Cemetery in Portsmouth , Virginia .
Washington ' s Headquarters ( Valley Forge ) Washington ' s Headquarters at Valley Forge , was in the Isaac Potts House , located at the confluence of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill River , in Valley Forge , Pennsylvania . General George Washington made his headquarters here during the encampment at Valley Forge of the Continental Army , during the winter and spring of 1777 - 1778 . The restored building is part of the Valley Forge National Historical Park and is open to the public . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972 .
Curt von Jesser Curt von Jesser ( 4 November 1890 – 18 August 1950 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Curt von Jesser was captured by Allied troops in 1945 and was released in 1949 .
746th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron The 746th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit . It is under the control of Air Mobility Command and operates C - 130 Hercules aircraft in theater airlift missions as part of the Global War on Terrorism . Its current status and duty location is undetermined . In regular USAF service as the 746th Troop Carrier Squadron ( Medium ) , it was last assigned to the 456th Troop Carrier Group , being stationed at Ardmore Air Force Base , Oklahoma . It was inactivated on 9 July 1956 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment group ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) , being assigned to Southern Italy at Stornara Airfield under Fifteenth Air Force . Engaged in very long range strategic bombardment of enemy military , industrial and transportation targets . Operations included attacks against such objectives as marshalling yards , aircraft factories , railroad bridges , and airdromes in Italy , Austria , and Rumania . Helped to prepare the way for and supported the invasion of Southern France during Jul and August 1944 . At the same time , expanded previous operations to include attacks on oil refineries and storage facilities , locomotive works , and viaducts in France , Germany , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Austria , and the Balkans . Returned to the United States after the German Capitulation in May 1945 ; re - manned and re - equipped as a B - 29 Superfortress heavy bombardment squadron . Began training under Second Air Force in August 1945 , however was inactivated in October after the Japanese Capitulation . Activated in the reserves in 1947 as a B - 29 Superfortress squadron , but neither manned or equipped . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget constraints . Reactivated in 1952 as a Tactical Air Command Eighteenth Air Force C - 119 Flying Boxcar troop carrier squadron ; flew theater airlift and participated in Army airborne forces maneuvers until inactivated in 1956 due to budget cutbacks . Reactivated as a C - 130 Hercules airlift squadron as part of the Global War on Terrorism .
Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots The airbase at Chiran , MinamiKyūshū , Kagoshima , Japan , served as the departure point for hundreds of Special Attack or kamikaze sorties launched in the final months of World War II . A peace museum dedicated to the pilots , the , now marks the site . Airbase . The Imperial Japanese Army airbase at Chiran , Kagoshima , with its two runways , was the principal kamikaze base during the Battle of Okinawa . Of the 1 , 036 army aviators who died in these attacks , 439 were from Chiran . Of the total number , 335 were classed as " young boy pilots " ( 少年飛行兵 ) . Peace Museum . In 1975 a museum was built to commemorate the lives of the pilots and document their " patriotic efforts for peace " . Enlarged in 1986 , exhibits include four planes : a Nakajima Ki - 43 Hayabusa , a 1943 Kawasaki Ki - 61 Hien , a 1944 Nakajima Ki - 84 Hayate , and a Mitsubishi Zero recovered from the seabed in 1980 . On a personal level , the exhibit includes letters , poems , essays , testaments , and other artefacts ; as well as photographs of the 1 , 036 pilots , arranged in the order in which they died . There is also the grand piano on which two of the pilots played the " Moonlight Sonata " the night before their final mission . Other monuments . The is a temple dedicated to the " Special Attack Goddess of Mercy " . The image enshrined within is a 1 . 8m replica statue of the Yumechigai Kannon ( 夢違観音 Dream - Changing Kannon ) , a National Treasure at Hōryū - ji . The names of the kamikaze pilots are written on paper within her womb . It was erected in 1955 thanks to donations collected by Tome Torihama , who ran the Tomiya Inn frequented by the pilots , and who sought to redeem their memory after the war . Stone lanterns dedicated to the pilots line the approach to the museum . Film . " The Firefly " ( ホタル " Hotaru " ) : popular Japanese film of 2001 , directed by Yasuo Furuhata and centered around the character of Tome Torihama , who ran the Tomiya Inn in Chiran and treated the young kamikaze pilots as if they were her own sons . " I go to die for you " ( 俺は 、 君のためにこそ死ににいく " Ore wa , kimi no tame ni koso shini ni iku " ) : 2007 film with screenplay by Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara , based on his conversations with Tome Torihama , who died in 1992 . Reception . On 15 August each year , the anniversary of the date on which Emperor Hirohito announced the Japanese surrender , right - wing groups drive through Chiran in trucks blaring nationalist messages and songs . Over the rest of the year , up to a million visitors come to pay tribute to the fallen .
HMS Birmingham ( D86 ) HMS " Birmingham " was a Type 42 destroyer laid down by Cammell Laird and Company , Limited , at Birkenhead on 28 March 1972 , launched on 30 July 1973 by Lady Empson , wife of Sir Derek Empson and commissioned on 3 December 1976 . She was named for the city of Birmingham , England . " The Brum " spent much of her useful life as Fleet Contingency Ship and spent considerable time in the post - Falklands conflict patrol role . In 1984 she patrolled the Falklands and acted as a radar picket ship along with and . In 1985 she took part in Standing Naval Force Mediterranean , calling at Gibraltar , Palma de Mallorca , Naples , & Messina . On completion of de - ammunitioning at Rosyth and being sent for a successful refit at Rosyth dockyard , she returned to Portsmouth in 1988 for sea trials and re - acceptance to the fleet . Commanded by Roy Clare , now Director of the Maritime Museum in London , her first deployment post - refit was a tour to the Persian Gulf region , returning in March 1989 . " Birmingham " paid off at Portsmouth on 10 December 1999 . In early January 2000 , and under her own power , she sailed to Devonport where , for the next two months , she was stripped of all her usable equipment . She was eventually towed back to Portsmouth in May 2000 where she was sold for scrap and left Portsmouth under tow for Spain on 20 October 2000 .
Nguyễn Sơn Nguyễn Sơn ( 1908 – 21 October 1956 ) was a Vietnamese general in the war against the French . Sơn spent much of his early years in China , and was one of the few Vietnamese who had participated in the Long March with the Chinese Communist Party and who managed to survive . He married Lê Hằng Huân , one of the famed daughters of writer Lê Dư , his sister - in - laws being Lê Hằng Phương wife of the writer Vũ Ngọc Phan , and Lê Hằng Phấn wife of the writer Hoàng Văn Chí .