naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Espionage balloon An espionage balloon is a balloon used for spying . Espionage balloons were a development of the observation balloon s used even before the World War I behind the front line . Unlike observation balloons , espionage balloons were neither manned nor moored to the ground ; they were designed to fly deep into hostile territories , where they would record intelligence data and transmit them back to the home base . As such , espionage balloons could only be operated successfully when the weather forecast and the wind direction were favorable . They were more economical ( and indeed dispensable , often falling victim to air defense ) than manned reconnaissance aircraft , as they did not put flying personnel into harm ' s way . They were usually hot air balloon s . Moreover , during the Cold War , espionage balloons launched by the " Free world " also had a secondary psychological warfare capability , carrying propaganda pamphlets and consumer goods ( which were supposedly not freely available inside Communist states ) that would be released or otherwise delivered onto enemy territories . The advent of spy satellites , coupled with the end of the Cold War , have rendered espionage balloons obsolete .
Provisional Administration Provisional Administration ( Polish " Administracja Zastępcza " ) was one of the branches of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Government Delegate ’ s Office at Home in Poland during World War II . It was created in 1940 as a joint initiative of the Headquarters of the Armia Krajowa and the Delegate ' s Office . It was a kind of shadow administration prepared for the moment of either liberation of Poland or the start of an all - national armed uprising . It was based on the Polish pre - war administrative division , composed of three grades ( voivodeship - powiat - gmina ) , combined with the pre - war military division . In August 1943 the division of competences between the army and the civilian authorities was agreed . The organization of the Provisional Administration was later accepted by the President of Poland on April 26 , 1944 . In 1944 during Operation Tempest , as the sole representatives of the legitimate Polish government , the members of the Provisional Administration took power from the withdrawing German troops and welcomed the advancing Red Army . However , most of them were arrested by the NKVD and either sent to Russia for interrogation , sent to the GULag or killed on the spot .
Timothy McGee ( USN ) Timothy McGee is a retired officer of the United States Navy . Most recent appointment . McGee is notable for his former command of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command Timothy McGee became President of the Sea Education Association in Woods Hole , MA on 1 October 2012 . Arctic patrols . On July 10 , 2007 , the day following a policy announcement from Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper that Canada would be building a fleet of icebreaker s to assert Canada ' s claims of Arctic sovereignty , McGee also announced that the United States Navy would be increasing its presence in the Arctic .
Captain ( United States O - 3 ) In the United States Army , captain is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O - 3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the naval rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army / Air Force version and the Marine Corps version . Promotion to captain is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 . DOPMA guidelines suggest 95 % of first lieutenants should be promoted to captain after serving a minimum of two years at their present rank . An Army and Marine captain generally commands company - sized units . When given such a command , they bear the title company commander . Captains also instruct at service schools and combat training centers and are often staff officers at the battalion level . Marine captains also serve as officer selection officers , commanding recruiting stations for commissioned officers . An Air Force captain ' s authority varies by group assignment . In an operations group , senior captains may be flight commanders while more junior captains may be heads of departments . In the maintenance or logistics and mission support groups they are almost always flight commanders . In the medical group , captains usually have limited administrative and command responsibility as captain is frequently the entry level rank for most medical officers and dental officers . In Army and Air Force medical units , captain is the entry - level rank for those possessing a medical degree , or a doctorate in a healthcare profession ( including pharmacists , optometrists , veterinarians , and dentists , among others ) . In Army and Air Force Judge Advocate General corps , lawyers with a Juris Doctor degree and membership in the bar of at least one U . S . state or territory are appointed captains , or first lieutenants promotable upon completion of initial entry training . MARSOC s fourteen man Marine Special Operations Teams ( MSOT ) and U . S . Army Special Forces Operational Detachments Alpha are commanded by a captain . References . DA Pamphlet 600 – 3 , Commissioned Officer Professional Development and Career Management
Battle of New Ross ( 1643 ) The Battle of Ballinvegga or Battle of New Ross was a battle of the Irish Confederate Wars fought on 18 March 1643 . In the battle , James Butler , 1st Duke of Ormonde defeated Thomas Preston , 1st Viscount Tara , and an Irish Confederate army north of the town of New Ross in the nearby townland of Ballinvegga , County Wexford . Ormonde hoped to link up with the Cork based forces of Inchiquin and so marched from Dublin via Carlow to besiege the Confederate garrison at New Ross . The fighting at New Ross was fierce , the defenders inflicting substantial casualties on the besiegers . Having had to lift the siege , Ormonde attempted to return to Dublin via the northwest Blackstairs Mountains , where he was intercepted by Preston . Ormonde ' s force seems to have been vastly outnumbered by Preston ' s Confederate soldiers ( Ormonde claimed they were over 10 , 000 strong ) but Ormonde had six cannon . Following some confused fighting ( largely due to the rough terrain ) the Confederates withdrew . After the battle , Ormonde observed the devastation inflicted by his artillery : " what Godlie men and horses lay there all torn , and their gutts lying on the ground , armes cast away and strewed over the fields . " By contrast , as few as ten of Ormonde ' s soldiers lost their lives in the fighting . Marching north , Ormonde led his weary soldiers to rest near Borris in County Carlow . In the middle of the night two Irish men slipped into the camp and managed to ride off with a cart full of weapons and ammunition . Early the next morning Ormond and Lisle were shocked to find that the army had been largely deprived of its arms as a result of the raid . Another battle at New Ross was fought more than 150 years later , when the United Irishmen tried to take the town . See Battle of New Ross ( 1798 ) .
Corozal American Cemetery and Memorial Corozal American Cemetery and Memorial is located approximately 3 miles north from Panama City , Panama in the city of Corozal and is the location of 5 , 336 American veterans and others . A paved walkway leads from the Visitor Center to a small memorial that sits atop a knoll overlooking the graves area . The memorial was established in 1923 by Congress to remember people that served overseas since 1917 . It consists of a paved plaza with a 12 - foot rectangular granite obelisk flanked by two flagpoles on which fly the United States and Panamanian flags . The plaza obelisk has engravings in Spanish and English . The English inscription reads : The American Battle Monuments Commission assumed responsibility for the care and maintenance of the Corozal American Cemetery in Panama in 1982 . The cemetery is open daily to the public from 9 a . m . to 5 p . m . except December 25 and January 1 . It is open on host country holidays . When the cemetery is open to the public , a staff member is on duty in the Visitor Building to answer questions and escort relatives to grave and memorial sites . Corozal " Silver " Cemetery . The Corozal " Silver Roll " Cemetery is an area adjacent to the Corozal American Cemetery and Memorial . The Silver Cemetery was originally established as a segregated cemetery for the " Silver Roll " ( Black people of West Indian origin ) employees of the Panama Canal . In 2010 the Corozal " Silver " Cemetery was added as a World Monuments Fund ( WMF ) Watch Site .
HMS Vindictive ( 1813 ) HMS " Vindictive " was a 74 - gun third - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 30 November 1813 at Portsmouth . " Vindictive " was the lead ship of the 40 - vessel " Vengeur " class , indeed she was ordered prior to the design for this class being finalised ; however she was delayed in construction and was not finished until December 1813 . With the winding up of the Napoleonic War in prospect , she was not required for active service and was immediately placed in ordinary . She was not to be commissioned for service until September 1841 . Between 1828 and 1833 the " Vindictive " - still uncommissioned - was reduced to a 50 - gun fourth - rate ship , and she was brought into service in that capacity . She was laid up in Ordinary again in June 1848 at Portsmouth . In 1861 she was fitted as a storeship by White of Cowes , and in 1862 she then proceeded to Fernando Po where she took up that role . She foundered there in July 1871 , the wreck being sold to be broken up on 24 November 1871 .
Chase YCG - 14 The Chase CG - 14 , also known as the G - 14 or Model MS . 1 , was an assault glider manufactured by Chase Aircraft for the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War . The aircraft failed to progress beyond the prototype stage , being overtaken by larger , improved glider designs . Design and development . The first aircraft to be developed by Chase after its founding in 1943 , the CG - 14 was developed in preference to the Laister - Kauffman CG - 10 . Constructed from marine - grade mahogany , as spruce wood was being used by the war effort in higher priority projects , the XG - 14 featured improved crash protection when compared to preceding gliders . Operational history . The XCG - 14 made its maiden flight on on January 4 , 1945 , and following successful flight trials the aircraft was developed into two improved versions , the wood - and - metal XCG - 14A and the enlarged YCG - 14A . The CG - 14 was one of the few glider projects to be continued after the end of the war ; however , it was quickly superseded by an improved aircraft , the XCG - 18 .
USS Newcastle Victory ( AK - 233 ) USS " Newcastle Victory " ( AK - 233 ) was a " Boulder Victory " - class cargo ship acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II . She served in the Pacific Ocean theatre of operations through the end of the war , and then returned to the United States of America for disposal . Victory built in California . " Newcastle Victory " , built by Permanente Metals Corporation , Richmond , California , was laid down 21 August 1944 ; launched 17 October ; and named 29 October . One of many Victory ship s ordered by the U . S . Maritime Commission , she was one of ten taken over by the Navy to carry ammunition ; and commissioned 23 November , Lt . Comdr . J . D . Edwards , USNR , in command . World War II operations . After shakedown off the California coast , she put in at San Francisco , California , 12 December and took on a cargo of ammunition . Upon completion of loading at Port Chicago , California , and at San Pablo , California , she steamed for Pearl Harbor 28 December . " Newcastle Victory " departed Pearl Harbor 17 January 1945 , arrived Guam 1 February , departed 6 February in a small convoy bound for Ulithi , where she anchored 8 – 17 February . She then returned to Guam and offloaded ammunition for the newly commissioned ammunition depot there . She departed 7 March for San Francisco via Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor . At Pearl Harbor she received a three - week availability , which brought new ordnance and radar equipment and habitability improvements . She departed Pearl Harbor 17 April , arrived San Francisco 23 April , and then took on a new cargo of ammunition at Port Chicago , California . She steamed towards Leyte 15 May , via Pearl Harbor , Saipan , and Ulithi . During June she serviced ships in San Pedro Bay , Leyte , in the Philippine Islands ; during July she returned to Ulithi and there assumed duties as station issues ship . " Newcastle Victory " was directed to proceed to Seattle , Washington , in November 1945 , where she was laid up in a reduced manning status until May 1946 , when she was directed to report to the 3d Naval District for disposal . She steamed in early May via the Panama Canal and Vieques Island , Puerto Rico , where she offloaded her ammunition . Post - war decommissioning and career . She reported to Commander , 3d Naval District , New York , 30 May and decommissioned 21 June . She was stricken from the Navy List 3 July 1946 . Returned to the U . S . Maritime Commission , she was laid up in the Hudson River , New York . She was reactivated in 1955 and leased to the United Fruit Lines under a general agency agreement .
Antoine III de Gramont Antoine III Agénor de Gramont , Duke of Gramont , " comte de Guiche , " " comte de Gramont , " " comte de Louvigny , " " Souverain de Bidache " , ( 1604 , Chateau d ' Hagetmau – 12 July 1678 , Bayonne ) was a French military man and diplomat . Marshal of France from 1641 ; Viceroy of Navarre and Béarn , and Governor of Bayonne . Life . Antoine de Gramont came from an old southern French noble family . His father was Antoine II de Gramont , his mother was Louise ( † 1610 ) , daughter of Marshal Roquelaure ( 1543 – 1623 ) . His elder brother was Philibert de Gramont . Gramont was a loyal supporter of Richelieu . It is said that he once toasted to Richelieu saying that the Cardinal was more important to him than the King and the entire Royal family . Gramont took part in many battles of the Thirty Years war , was promoted to Marshal of France on 22 September 1641 and obtained the title of Duke in 1643 for himself and his heirs . He became minister in 1653 , ambassador to the Reichstag in Frankfurt am Main in 1657 , and was sent to Spain in 1660 to ask the hand in marriage of Maria Theresa of Spain for Louis XIV . He died in 1678 . His memoirs ( " „ Mémoires du maréchal de Gramont “ , " Paris 1716 ) were published by his son Antoine Charles IV de Gramont . In literature . As the Comte de Guiche , he is a major character in Edmond Rostand ' s " Cyrano de Bergerac " , where he is depicted at first as vain , lustful , and opportunistic . He is infatuated with Roxane , the heroine of the play , and tries to arrange her marriage to the Vicomte de Valvert as a " front " in order that he ( the Count ) may become her secret lover . When Cyrano kills Valvert in a duel , De Guiche becomes more open in his desires and tries to arrange his own marriage to her . After he is thwarted by Cyrano long enough for her to be able to marry her sweetheart Christian de Neuvillette , he vengefully sends both Christian and Cyrano to do battle at the 1640 Siege of Arras , in which Christian is killed . At Arras , however , DeGuiche shows gallantry toward Roxane and a willingness to sacrifice his life to protect her after she arrives at the battlements . In doing this , he wins Cyrano ' s respect , and later becomes one of his most loyal friends . He is last seen warning Roxane of a plot to kill Cyrano - a plot which unfortunately succeeds . Family . His younger brother was Philibert , comte de Gramont ( 1621 – 1707 ) , renowned for his memoirs describing the love affairs on the English court of Charles II , edited by Antoine Hamilton . In 1634 , he married Richelieu ' s niece , Françoise - Marguerite du Plessis de Chivré ( † 1689 ) . They had four children : Royal origin . According to Count Philibert de Gramont , Antoine ' s brother , their father , also " " Antoine de Gramont " " , viceroy of Navarre , was a bastard daughter of king Henry IV by Diane d ' Andoins , knowns as " " La Belle Corisande " " .
John Whiteley ( politician ) Brigadier John Percival Whiteley ( 7 January 1898 – 4 July 1943 ) was a British Army officer and a Conservative Party politician . Whiteley was commissioned into the Royal Artillery during the First World War , ending the war as a Lieutenant . In 1926 he transferred to the Life Guards , retiring in 1928 and joining the 99th ( Buckinghamshire and Berkshire Yeomanry ) Field Brigade , Royal Artillery ( Territorial Army ) as a Captain . He was promoted Major in 1932 . He stood unsuccessfully at the 1929 general election in Birmingham Aston , and entered the House of Commons 8 years later when he was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Buckingham at a by - election in 1937 , after the sitting MP George Bowyer was elevated to the peerage as Baron Denham . When World War II broke out , Whiteley resumed military service . He was active at Dunkirk , and died in 1943 , aged 45 , when he was killed in a plane crash in Gibraltar , along with the Conservative MP Victor Cazalet and General Władysław Sikorski , the leader of the Polish government - in - exile .
Battle of Lenud ' s Ferry The Battle of Lenud ' s Ferry was a battle of the American Revolutionary War that was fought on May 6 , 1780 in present - day Berkeley County , South Carolina . The Loyalist British Legion , under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton , surprised and scattered a company of Patriot militia at Lenud ' s Ferry , a crossing point on the Santee River , north of which lies present - day Georgetown County . Background . General Sir Henry Clinton arrived before Charleston , South Carolina in late March 1780 , and began siege preparations as the opening move in British plan to gain control over North and South Carolina . The city was defended by Continental Army troops under the command of General Benjamin Lincoln . As part of his plan to cut off Lincoln ' s avenues of escape from Charleston , Clinton sent out troops under Lord Cornwallis to identify places to impede or block potential Continental Army movements north of the city . Cornwallis stationed himself near the forks of the Wando River , and sent out patrols to watch the area . Lieutenant Colonel William Washington ' s company of Patriot cavalry had been scattered by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton and the British Legion at Monck ' s Corner in mid - April . These troops regrouped several weeks later north of the Santee River , where they came under the command of Colonel Anthony Walton White , who had recently arrived with a company of dragoon s from Virginia . White and about 100 of his 350 men crossed the Santee on a probe to the south on May 5 . They captured 18 British soldiers about four miles ( 6 . 4 km ) north of Awendaw Creek , and returned to the Santee at Lenud ' s Ferry with their prisoners . Tarleton happened to be on a patrol with 150 dragoons heading toward Lenud ' s Ferry when he learned from a local Loyalist of the Patriot movements . Battle . Making all haste , Tarleton raced to the crossing . White had stopped at the ferry to rest , many horses were unbridled , and the men were completely unprepared when Tarleton approached . Brushing past the guards , his cavalry raced into the camp and began cutting men down with sabers . A significant number of men were cut down , and others , including White and Washington , only escaped by jumping in the river and swimming away . Tarleton captured 67 men and 100 horses , at the cost of two men and 4 horses . Aftermath . Cornwallis claimed that this action " totalled demolished their Cavalry " . The battle showed that the British had control over the northern escape routes from the city of Charleston . Lincoln surrendered the city and his army , more than 5 , 000 men , on May 12 .
Panzerbrigade 36 The Panzerbrigade 36 " Mainfranken " was a Brigade of German Army and had their Staff modified in Veitshöchheim . It was disbanded in 2002 and served under the 12th Panzer Division . Association Badge . The Association badge of the brigade takes up the symbolism of the emblem of their Franconia at home . The background shows the Franconian rake silver - red . This symbol appears in both the Coat of arms of Baden - Württemberg and in Bavarian State coat of arms on , so the home countries of the brigade . The second symbol is a notched , square , red and gold flag on a silver spear rod , as in the arms of the Franconian town Würzburg is included . It is similar to the flag of the old duchy of Franconia . As customary in the third brigade of a division , the shield is surrounded by a yellow cord . Only through this border , this association differs by the Association ' s badge insignia of the 12th Division and the other subordinate brigades of this division . History . The brigade was in 1963 in Bad Mergentheim repositioned and the 12th Panzer Division assumed . In 1963 , the Mechanised Infantry Battalion 362 in change Walldürn to the brigade . Also in 1963 , the brigade replaced the tank battalions 363 and 364 , the tank battalion from the 273 ( Böblingen ) were formed . Until 1956 , the tank battalion moved 363 Külsheim . In Bad Mergentheim 1963 , 360 armored engineer company was formed . In the Army Structure 3 consisted of the Brigade : In 1980 , the brigade also were under the newly formed Tank Battalion 361 of Külsheim . The armored engineer company 360 was completed in 1992 out of service . By taking the structure 5 , the Army Mechanized Infantry Battalion 362 as moved by Aufwuchsbataillon Mellrichstadt . From the Mechanized Infantry Brigade 35 changed in 1993 , the Panzer Grenadier Battalion 352 , the armored artillery battalion 355 , the armored engineer company 350 and the armored infantry training simulator company chain to 303 Brigade . 1993 is the 12th Panzer Division was dissolved and the brigade moved to the Military District Command VI / 1st Mountain Division . At the same time moved the brigade to Veitshöchheim . 1994 to merge the staffs of the brigade and the staff of the Military Regional Commands 64 ( Würzburg ) . The Military Regional Command 64 was dissolved in 1995 and the Brigade was independent again . In 1996 , the anti - tank company of the brigade was dissolved . For example at the brigade from 1997 : In July 2000 she received the nickname " Franconia " awarded . The 36 Armoured Brigade on 7 June 2002 out of service . The armored infantry battalions 352 and 362 and changed the tank battalion of 363 Brigade , 30th Mechanized Infantry Resolved , the company pioneered the tanks 350 and the non - active tank battalion 364th The Panzer Artillery Battalion 355 was transformed into an active battalion and moved to Neunburg . Commanders . The brigade was commanded by ( rank in command - over ) :