naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Dollart Dollart was a 535 GRT coaster that was built in 1912 by Stettiner Oderwerke AG , Stettin , Germany for German owners . She was seized by the Allies in May 1945 , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and was renamed Empire Constancy . In 1947 , she was sold into merchant service and renamed Polzeath . In 1951 , she was sold to Turkey and renamed Meltem . Further sales saw her renamed Yener 9 in 1956 and Yarasli in 1959 . She went missing in the Ionian Sea in January 1961 . Description . The ship was built in 1912 by Stettiner Oderwerke , Stettin . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . The ship had a GRT of 535 and a NRT of 268 . The ship was propelled by a compound steam engine which had one cylinder of and one cylinder of diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Stettiner Oderwerke . History . " Dollart " was built for Bugsier Reederei und Bergungs AG , Hamburg . Her port of registry was Hamburg , the Code Letters RSMN were allocated . On 1 May 1914 , " Dollart " struck the wreck of in the River Elbe at Glückstadt and sank with the loss of two crew . In May 1919 , " Dollart " transported a cargo of food and clothing from Germany to Scapa Flow , Orkney Islands to supply the crews of " Kaiserliche Marine " crews interned there . In 1933 , her port of registry was changed to Bremerhaven . The following year , her Code Letters were changed to DHFJ . In May 1945 , " Dollart " was seized by the Allies at Copenhagen , Denmark . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Constancy " . Her port of registry was changed to London and she was placed under the management of Rose Line Ltd . The Code Letters GFXT and United Kingdom Official Number 180639 were allocatd . In 1947 , " Empire Constancy " was sold to S Hannan & Co Ltd , Polzeath and was renamed " Polzeath " . In 1951 , " Polzeath " was sold to Azize Arkan v . Ortaklari , Turkey and was renamed " Meltem " . In 1956 , she was sold to Erpak Vap Ithalkat Ihracat , Turkey and was renamed " Yener 9 " . In 1959 , she was sold to Zeki v Ziya Son Izzet Kirtil , Turkey and was renamed " Yarasli " . On 14 January 1961 , " Yarasli " sailed from Istanbul bound for Bagnoli , Italy . On 25 January , she reported passing Kefalonia , Greece . Nothing further was heard of her and it is presumed she foundered in the Ionian Sea .
Walther Fischer von Weikersthal Walther Ludwig Otto Karl Bernhard Fischer von Weikersthal ( 15 September 1890 – 11 February 1953 ) was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Walther Fischer von Weikersthal was taken prisoner in May 1945 and was released in 1947 .
Sponge grenade A sponge grenade is a riot control weapon , intended to be non - lethal , which is fired from a 40 mm grenade launcher to cause confusion , or otherwise temporarily disable its target . As a single blunt force object , it is best used when aimed at a particular individual . The projectile weighs about 28 grams ( 1 ounce ) . It is bullet - shaped , with a foam rubber nose and a high - density , plastic projectile body . It is " less - lethal " munition round for a 40mm M203 or M79 grenade launcher that provides temporary incapacitation through blunt trauma . Minimum engagement range is 10 – 15 metres , and maximum effective range is 50 metres . Muzzle velocity at 50 metres is 200 feet per second . Versions of these projectiles fired at a lower muzzle velocity are sometimes used in airsoft games , fired from replicas of the aforementioned launchers . Potential for injury or death . If used improperly — such as at distances closer than 10 metres — injuries to the targeted individual could prove fatal . Used properly , the weapon is intended to cause no permanent damage , but may , in some cases , cause broken bones , head wounds or permanent damage to eyes . When fired at point blank range , there have been cases of sponge grenades causing death . Use as a warning shot . According to the Canadian American Strategic Review the rear gunner in a vehicle convoy could use a sponge grenade as their warning shot , instead of live rounds . Vehicle convoys in Iraq and Afghanistan have proven highly vulnerable to suicide bombers driving civilian vehicles . Rear gunners cannot know whether approaching civilian vehicles are driven by innocent civilians , or by enemies . Rear gunners are supposed to warn off vehicles that approach the convoy too closely . If hand signals do not work the gunner is supposed to escalate to firing lethal rounds near the approaching vehicle , which puts nearby pedestrians at risk . If the approaching vehicle ignores the warning shot the gunner is supposed to alter their aim to try to target the vehicle ' s engine block , to disable it , rather than kill the occupants . A gunner whose weapon has a coaxial grenade launcher would not have to alter their point of aim if the driver ignores the sponge grenade warning shot .
Mark P . Fitzgerald Mark P . Fitzgerald ( born 1951 ) is a retired United States Navy admiral . He is the former Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Europe – Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Africa and Commander , Allied Joint Force Command Naples . He previously served as Director , Navy Staff from December 2006 to November 2007 and Commander , U . S . 2nd Fleet from 2004 until December 2006 . He assumed his the duties of Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Europe and Commander , Allied Joint Force Command Naples on November 30 , 2007 and assumed the additional duties as Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Africa on March 26 , 2009 . He was born in Winchester , Massachusetts , and graduated from Northeastern University , where he was a member of the Army ROTC program , in June 1973 . He was designated a Naval Aviator in October 1975 . Admiral Fitzgerald flew the A - 7E Corsair II with now retired Rear Admiral Bert Johnston during sea assignments in VA - 195 ( 1976 – 79 ) , Carrier Air Wing 17 ( 1982 – 84 ) , and VA - 105 ( 1985 – 88 ) embarked in " Kitty Hawk " , " America " , and " Forrestal " . He commanded the VA - 46 " Clansmen ” ( 1990 – 1991 ) in " John F . Kennedy " , deploying with four days notice for Operation Desert Shield . He led the first Navy strike on Baghdad during the opening hour of Operation Desert Storm . During his career , Admiral Fitzgerald was assigned as Deputy Commander , Joint Air Force Component Commander for Provide Promise Yugoslav Operations and Assistant Commander for Deny Flight NATO operations ( 1993 ) . He assumed command of Carrier Air Wing 14 ( 1994 – 95 ) while deployed to the Persian Gulf in " Carl Vinson " supporting Operation Southern Watch . Admiral Fitzgerald ’ s shore tours include VA - 174 Landing Signal Officer ( 1979 – 82 ) , Naval Maritime Intelligence Center , SPEAR ( 1991 – 92 ) , and Executive Assistant to the Supreme Allied Commander , Europe ( 1996 – 98 ) . He holds a master ' s degree in Aeronautical Systems Engineering from the University of West Florida ( 1975 ) and attended the Naval War College , Newport , R . I . ( 1983 – 84 ) . Selected for flag rank in September 1998 , Admiral Fitzgerald ’ s first flag assignment was Deputy Commander , U . S . Naval Forces Central Command and commanded Joint Task Force Determined Response in Aden , Yemen ( 2000 ) . Assuming command of Carrier Group Eight ( 2001 ) , he led the " Theodore Roosevelt " Battle Group during Operation Enduring Freedom ( 2001 – 2002 ) . He served as Director , Air Warfare and then as Director , Naval Warfare ( 2003 – 2004 ) . He then assumed the position of Commander , Second Fleet / Commander , Striking Fleet Atlantic in October 2004 . Admiral Fitzgerald was relieved as commander of USNAVEUR , USNAVAF & JFC Naples by Admiral Samuel J . Locklear on October 6 , 2010 . Awards and decorations . Admiral Fitzgerald ’ s awards include : He has logged over 4800 flight hours and has made over 1100 carrier arrested landings from the decks of thirteen aircraft carriers . References . " This article contains information from the United States Navy and is in the public domain . "
Coutilier The coutilier ( also coutillier , coustillier ) was a title of a low - ranking professional soldier in Medieval French armies . A coutilier was a member of the immediate entourage of a French knight or a squire called lances fournies . The presence of the coutilier is first recorded in a French Ordinance of 1445 The coutilier also had a place in the Burgundian army of Charles the Bold , being described in detail the military regulations of 1473 . Coutiliers are also mentioned in the Breton military regulations of March 1450 . The rank existed until the early 16th century . Equipment . The name " coutilier " seems to derive from their being equipped with a long knife or short sword called a " coustille " . According to Ewart Oakeshott , the term originally meant a type of infantryman or brigand . However , by the time detailed descriptions appear in the mid - 15th century , the coutilier is clearly a lightly armoured horseman . A French coutilier of 1446 was equipped with a helmet , leg armour , a haubergeon , jack or brigandine , a dagger , sword and either a demilance or a voulge . The equipment of a Burgundian coutilier in 1473 is almost identical , with the substitution of a javelin for the demi - lance or voulge ( javelin here meaning a light spear , not a throwing weapon ) . His horse should be worth at least 30 écus .
Tallapoosa - class cutter The " Tallapoosa " - class cutters , the " Tallapoosa " and " Ossipee " , were designed for long cruises . Their hulls were reinforced for light ice - breaking . During World War II , the " Ossipee " was actually classified as a river gunboat ( WPR ) while the " Tallapoosa " was classified as a patrol gunboat ( WPG ) .
SMART - L SMART - L ( Signaal Multibeam Acquisition Radar for Tracking , L band ) is a naval long - range search radar from Thales Nederland , formerly Hollandse Signaalapparaten ( Signaal ) . The phased array antenna has 24 elements ; all are used for reception , while 16 are used for creating virtual receiver beams through digital beamforming . The beams ' vertical elevation , and compensation for ship movement , is done electronically . Horizontal training is done by mechanically rotating the entire array . As designed , SMART - L has a maximum range of against patrol aircraft , and against stealthy missiles . A software upgrade , Extended Long Range ( ELR ) Mode , extends the maximum range to . In 2006 HNLMS " Tromp " used the ELR Mode to track an ARAV - B missile from during a US Navy ballistic missile defence exercise .
Adachi Kagemori Adachi Kagemori ( 安達 景盛 ) ( died June 11 , 1248 ) was a Japan ese warrior of the Adachi family and was a son of Morinaga . He served with Minamoto no Yoriie but became a monk when Minamoto no Sanetomo died . This did not stop him from joining the cause of the Hōjō family for the Jōkyū War of 1221 , however . Hōjō Tsunetoki and Hōjō Tokiyori were his grandsons .
USS Seginus ( AK - 133 ) USS " Seginus " ( AK - 133 ) was an commissioned by the U . S . Navy for service in World War II . She was responsible for delivering troops , goods and equipment to locations in the war zone . " Seginus " ( AK - 133 ) , built under Maritime Commission contract ( MCE hull 2453 ) , was laid down as " SS Harry Toulmin " on 10 January 1944 by the Delta Shipbuilding Co . , Inc . , New Orleans , Louisiana ; launched as " Seginus " on 4 March 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . J . Lester White ; acquired by the Navy on a bareboat charter on 12 April 1944 ; converted at the Waterman SS Co . , repair yard , Mobile , Alabama ; and commissioned on 14 June 1944 , Lt . Comdr . W . L . Cain , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay , " Seginus " proceeded to Hawaii with general cargo and foodstuffs for Pearl Harbor . Arriving on 29 August 1944 , she took on armor plate from the battleship , carried it to Bremerton , Washington ; then loaded lumber and small craft and took a barge in tow for the return voyage to Pearl Harbor . She arrived in mid - October and , for the remainder of World War II , continued to shuttle cargo between the U . S . West Coast and Hawaii with only two interruptions : two runs to the Marshalls and Marianas in April and in June and July 1945 . Post - war inactivation and decommissioning . Ordered inactivated after the cessation of hostilities , she arrived at San Francisco , California , on 2 October and was decommissioned and returned to the Maritime Commission ' s War Shipping Administration on 13 November 1945 . Her name was struck from the Navy List on 28 November 1945 . She was sold for commercial service to the Epiphianides Shipping Co of Greece , delivered 7 February 1947 , and re - flagged Greek and renamed . Final Disposition , " SS Kehrea " was scrapped at Shanghai in October 1967 . Military awards and honors . No battle stars are indicated for " Seginus " in current Navy records . However , her crew was eligible for the following medals :
Camisado In military tactic s , a camisado , or camisade , is a surprise attack occurring at night , or at daybreak , when the enemy are supposed to be asleep . The term comes from Spanish " camisa " ( shirt ) : when the Tercio had actions , ( skirmishes ) of around 50 men attacking at night with minimum equipment , only sword and dagger ( although some soldiers could carry arquebus or musket ) , and they were dressed only with a white shirt , ( thus the Spanish word ) , in order to kill in silence as many enemies when they were sleeping . This has been perfectly reflected in the film " Alatriste " , based on the main character of a series of novels written by Arturo Pérez - Reverte , " The Adventures of Captain Alatriste " ( ) .
Edgar Gilmer Dawson Edgar Gilmer Dawson ( March 6 , 1830 – April 24 , 1883 ) was a planter and lawyer . He was born in Greensboro , Georgia , and was one of the Greene County Dawsons , the fifth child of Senator William Crosby Dawson . In 1849 he received an A . B . from the University of Georgia and he married Lucy F . Terrell , daughter of Dr . William Terrell of Sparta , Georgia , in 1856 . Dawson served as Captain and later Major of the Terrell Light Artillery from 1861 to 1864 during the Civil War . After 1867 , he became a resident of Baltimore , Maryland . The Edgar Gilmer Dawson Fund supports agricultural education at the University of Georgia . Dawson Hall , which houses the College of Home Economics , was named for him .
Operation Hirondelle Operation Hirondelle took place during the First Indochina War in July 1953 . It was an airborne raid on Viet Minh supply depots near Lạng Sơn , involving parachute units of the French and Vietnamese National Armies . Raids near the junction of Colonial Road ' s Four and One revealed caches hidden in caves , which were photographed and destroyed . The attack forces then retreated over land through Loc Binh , where other French units had been dropped on July 17 to repair and hold a river crossing for the retreating units ; and then to form a rearguard for 20 miles . The entire force rendezvoused with Mobile Group Five , and was then extracted by sea on July 19 , suffering from heat exhaustion . The average weight loss was 11 pounds . References . Online Printed
Hans - Karl Mayer Hans - Karl Mayer ( 8 March 1911 – 17 October 1940 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Mayer was born 8 March 1911 at Rufach . He served with the Condor Legion in the Spanish Civil War with 1 . Staffel , " Jagdgruppe 88 " , claiming eight victories . On his return from Spain " Oberleutnant " Mayer was posted to 1 . Staffel , Jagdgeschwader 53 ( JG 53 — 53rd Fighter Wing ) , becoming " Staffelkapitän " ( squadron leader ) in October 1939 . He claimed his first victory of World War II on 5 November 1939 downing a French Potez 63 . Mayer claimed eight more victories during the Battle of France , including five aircraft shot down on 14 May 1940 alone . During the Battle of Britain he then shot down two Hurricanes over the Isle of Wight on 12 August 1940 . On 25 August Mayer shot down a Hurricane for his 15th victory , that of F / L AWA Bayne ( 8 victories ) of 17 Squadron , who baled out . The next day Mayer shot down two Spitfires . One of his victim was ace Sgt Cyril Babbage ( 7 victories ) of No . 602 Squadron RAF , who baled out . " Hauptmann " Mayer was awarded the " Ritterkreuz " on 3 September . Mayer was made " Gruppenkommandeur " I . / JG 53 on 1 September 1940 , and recorded his 30th victory on 15 September . On 17 October 1940 Mayer took off on a test flight and never returned , his body washing up on the English coast 10 days later . He was possibly a victim of RAF ace F / L D . McMullen of No . 222 Squadron RAF . During his career he was credited with 39 aerial victories , 8 in the Spanish Civil War and 31 in World War II .
3918th Strategic Wing The 3918th Strategic Wing ( 3918th SW ) is an inactive United States Air Force unit , discontinued on 31 March 1965 . The 3918th SW was a ground service support element for the Strategic Air Command 7th Air Division ( AD ) , stationed at RAF Upper Heyford , Oxfordshire , in the United Kingdom . It was upgraded to wing status on 1 February 1964 and discontinued on 31 March 1965 . Throughout most of its existence it was controlled by Strategic Air Command , under the 7th Air Division ( AD ) and stationed at RAF Upper Heyford . The wing provided host station support functions primarily for SAC B / RB - 36 Peacemaker , B - 47 Stratojet , B - 52 Stratofortess , & KC - 97 Tanker Wing and Support Elements deployed to Upper Heyford during REFLEX deployments from United States bases . In addition to its assigned units , the 1st Aviation Field Depot Squadron ( later 1st Aviation Depot Squadron ) and the 11th Aviation Depot Squadron ( later 11th Munitions Maintenance Squadron ) , which were assigned to 7th AD and attached to the wing and were responsbile for the control of special weapons at Upper Heyford . It was inactivated in 1965 and replaced by USAFE ' s 7514th Combat Support Group ( CSG ) as the host base operating unit when SAC turned control over Upper Heyford to the United States Air Forces in Europe . Detachment 1 , 98th Strategic Wing assumed the SAC mission .
No . 231 Operational Conversion Unit RAF No . 231 Operational Conversion Unit was a Royal Air Force Operational Conversion Unit . Operational history . 231 OCU first formed in the aftermath of World War II during 1947 at RAF Coningsby . Initially the OCU was formed from a nucleus provided by No . 16 OTU and was tasked with training crews of the " wooden wonder " , the De Havilland Mosquito , in the light bomber and photo reconnaissance roles . In this role it lasted nearly three years before disbanding at the end of 1949 . In keeping with its previous role when the OCU reformed in 1951 it was to train light bomber crews . The aircraft used during the rest of the unit ' s operational service was the English Electric Canberra . The unit reformed at RAF Bassingbourn and moved around various stations before falling victim to defence cuts at RAF Wyton in 1990 . It was redesignated the Canberra Standardisation Training Flight . Disbandment . On 13 May 1991 it reverted to its former designation of 231 OCU , again at Wyton , but it disbanded there on 23 April 1993 , by which time it had trained for a variety of roles more than 8 , 000 aircrew from 17 different nations .
Brazilian Military Cemetery of Pistoia The Brazilian Military Cemetery of Pistoia is located in Pistoia , Toscana , Italy . It contained the remains of 463 Brazilian soldiers from World War II , most of whom lost their lives in the Fornovo in 1945 . History . In 1944 Brazil participated in the Second World War with 25 , 000 soldiers of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force against the Axis in the Serchio Valley , in Versilia and in Garfagnana , on the Appennini . In their final advance , the Brazilians reached Turin and on 2 May they joined up with French troops at the border in Susa . Burial area . Until 1960 the soldiers remained in Pistoia . In 1960 , the cemetery was closed and their remains were officially interred with other Brazilian soldiers in the National Monument in Flamengo , Rio de Janeiro . After the transfer , the body of another soldier was found in the cemetery . The Brazilian Gouvernment decided to leave it there as an Unknown Soldier . In 1967 the cemetery reopened with the inauguration of a memorial monument made by Olavo Redig de Campos , of Oscar Niemeyer ' s architectural school . The cemetery was later visited by two Brazilian presidents .
Bashir Hussain Zaidi Sayyid Bashir Hussain Zaidi , CIE , MP ( 1898 - 29 March 1992 ) was a member of the first Lok Sabha and Vice Chancellor of AMU from 1956 - 1962 . He also served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India from United Province ( later Uttra Pradesh ) . He was awarded Padma Vibhushan , the second highest civilian honour , by Government of India in 1976 . Zaidi was born in 1898 . Educated at St . Stephen ' s College in Delhi , then at Cambridge , he was called to the Lincoln ' s Inn Bar in 1923 . He taught at Aligarh Muslim University from 1923 to 1930 , when he entered the service of the Nawab of Rampur , subsequently becoming the state ' s vizier or chief minister in 1936 and serving in that capacity until Rampur merged with the Dominion of India in 1949 . Zaidi married in 1937 to Qudsia Abdullah ( d . 1960 ) ; the couple had two sons and a daughter . He was appointed a CIE in 1941 . A member of the Indian Constituent Assembly from 1947 to 1949 , he became a member of the new Parliament in 1950 and a member of the Lok Sabha in 1952 . He left Parliament in 1956 to become Vice - Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University , returning as a member of the Rajya Sabha in 1964 . From 1967 - 1969 , he served on the Indian Committee of Inquiry on Communal Disturbances ; also leading a goodwill mission to nine African and Asian nations in 1964 and heading the Indian cultural delegation to Afghanistan in 1965 for its Independence Week celebrations . Zaidi retired from politics in 1970 , continuing to serve as director of several industrial concerns and a publishing house through 1977 . He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1976 , and served as a member of the governing committees of Zakir Hussein College from 1974 and Aligarh from 1983 . He was awarded s D . Litt h . c . from Aligarh in 1964 and from Kanpur in 1974 . Zaidi died at his house , Zaidi Villa , at Jamianagar in New Delhi on 29 March 1992 , aged around 94 . References .
VB - 6 Felix The VB - 6 Felix was a precision guided munition developed by the United States during World War II . It was one of the precursors of modern anti - ship missiles . Created by the National Defense Research Committee , Felix relied on infrared to detect and home on targets , in clear weather , especially ships at sea at night . It was this property which earned the weapon its name , after the ability of cat s to see in the dark . Felix was a 1000 pound ( 454 kg ) general purpose ( GP ) bomb with an infrared seeker in the nose and octagonal guidance fins in the tail . Unlike other weapons , such as the German Fritz X , Felix was autonomous ( what a later generation would call fire - and - forget ) , though there was a flare in the tail for tracking . Successful trials led to Felix being put in production in 1945 , but the Pacific War ended before it entered combat .