naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
31 ( City of London ) Signal Regiment 31st ( City of London ) Signal Regiment ( V ) was a Territorial Army regiment in the Royal Corps of Signals in the British Army . The Regiment previously formed part of 2 ( National Communications ) Signal Brigade , providing military communications for national operations . However , as at 31 March 2010 , along with 5 other TA signal regiments , the regimental HQ has finally closed with the loss of two squadrons ( reduced to troop size ) and the move of its two other squadrons to other signal regiments . Notably , 41 Signal Squadron has been reassigned to 38 ( City of Sheffield ) Signal Regiment . This closure formed part of the defence spending review in the announcement made by the then Armed Forces Minister , Mr Bob Ainsworth , broadcast in Parliament on 28 April 2009 . As part of this measure , the MOD issued the Public and Commercial Services Union ( the PCS is the Union that supports the civilian employees within TA units ) a consultation document to assist with the intricate details of civilian redundancies , or offers of alternative employment . The majority of TA soldiers have been offered placements at other units and all regular soldiers will now have been assigned to new positions within the Army . Most of those individuals employed as Non Regular Permanent Staff at Regimental HQ and the two closed squadrons have also had to look for new jobs or take redundancy . However , as has previously occurred with other Army units in the past , it is hoped that 31st ( City of London ) Signal Regiment ( V ) will be reformed in the future after further TA reviews are completed .
Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment Center for Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment ( SASE ) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization ( DRDO ) . Located near Manali , Himachal Pradesh its primary function is research in the field of snow and avalanches to provide avalanche control measures and forecasting support to Armed forces .
Mark 26 torpedo The Mark 26 torpedo was an submarine - launched anti - surface ship torpedo designed by Westinghouse Electric in 1944 as an improved version of the Mark 28 torpedo . The Mark 26 was first to utilize Bell Telephone Laboratories ' seawater battery , an explosive impulse start gyro and an electric steering and depth control . Production of the Mark 26 was deferred in favor of the Mark 16 torpedo .
No . 238 Squadron RAF No 238 Squadron was formed in August 1918 from Nos 347 , 348 and 349 Flights at the seaplane station at Cattewater , Plymouth , and flew anti - submarine patrols until the end of the war , being reduced to a cadre on 15 May 1919 . It remained as a storage unit until disbanded on 20 March 1922 . On 16 May 1940 , No 238 reformed at Tangmere as a fighter squadron with Spitfires but in June these were replaced by Hurricanes . It became operational on 2 July and spent the period of the Battle of Britain in the Middle Wallop sector , apart from four weeks in Cornwall . In May 1940 , No . 238 reformed at Tangmere as a fighter squadron with Spitfires but in June these were replaced with Hurricanes . It became operational on 2 July and spent the period of the Battle of Britain in the Middle Wallop sector , apart from four weeks in Cornwall . In May 1941 the squadron left for the Middle East its aircraft being flown off HMS ' Victorious ' to Malta while the ground echelon sailed round the Cape of Good Hope . After refuelling in Malta the Hurricanes flew on to the Western Desert where they were attached to No . 274 Squadron , pending the arrival of the squadron ' s own ground crews . By the end of July , No238 was again operating as a complete unit , flying escort missions and fighter patrols throughout the campaign in the desert until after the battle of El Alamein . It was then withdrawn to Egypt for air defence duties and converted to Spitfires in September 1943 . In March 1944 , the squadron moved to Corsica for sweeps over northern Italy and in August convered the Allied landings in southern France . After moving there for two months , it was withdrawn to Naples and disbanded on 31 October 1944 . On 1 December 1944 , No . 238 reformed at Merryfield as a transport squadron and was originally intended to fly Albemaries . In January 1945 it received Dakotas and on 14 February its first wave of ten aircraft left for India where they began supply - dropping and casualty evacuation missions over Burma . In June the squadron moved to Australia to provide transport support for the British Pacific Fleet , officially disbanding there on 27 December 1945 . Its remaining aircraft left for Singapore on 9 February 1946 , others having been flown back to the UK during January . On 1 December 1946 , No . 525 Squadron at Abingdon was renumbered 238 Squadron and flew Dakotas until renumbered 10 Squadron on 4 October 1948 , during the Berlin airlift .
Herbert Cox General Sir Herbert Vaughan Cox GCB KCMG CSI ( 12 July 1860 – 8 October 1923 ) was a British officer in the Indian Army . Early life . Cox was born in Watford , the son of the Rector of Upper Chelsea . He was educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Military College , Sandhurst , and was commissioned into the 25th Foot ( later the King ' s Own Scottish Borderers ) in 1880 . Early military service . Posted to India , he served in the closing stages of the Second Anglo - Afghan War and was promoted Lieutenant . He transferred to the Madras Staff Corps in 1882 and served in the Third Anglo - Burmese War of 1885 – 1886 with the 21st Madras Infantry . He then briefly served as adjutant of the South India Railway Volunteer Corps before being appointed Deputy Assistant Adjutant - General for Musketry in Burma . Soon afterwards he was appointed DAAG of Imperial Service Troops . He was promoted Captain in 1891 . In 1894 he became an inspector of the contingents supplied by the Indian Princely States . He served on the Mohmand and Tirah Expedition s and in the Boxer Rebellion , being promoted Major in 1900 . Return to India . Returning to India in 1902 , he spent five years in command of his regiment , the 69th Punjabis , as a Temporary Lieutenant - Colonel . He was promoted substantive Lieutenant - Colonel in 1904 and Brevet Colonel in 1907 . He was promoted substantive Colonel and became Assistant Quartermaster - General for Mobilisation later in 1907 . Nine months later he was appointed Deputy Quartermaster - General for India , in which post he served for three years . In 1911 he was appointed military member of the Coronation Durbar Committee with the temporary rank of Brigadier - General , for which he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Star of India ( CSI ) later that year . Commander at Rawalpindi . His next post was as commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade at Rawalpindi . He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in the 1912 Birthday Honours . He then took command of the 2nd ( Nowshera ) Infantry Brigade . When the First World War broke out , he was given command of the Gurkha Brigade in Egypt , Arabia and Gallipoli , where he was wounded . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in October 1915 for distinguished services in the field . In 1916 , he was appointed Colonel of his old regiment , the 69th Punjabis . Service in Egypt and retirement . He then commanded the 4th Australian Division in Egypt and in France from 1916 to 1917 , when he became Military Secretary to the India Office , where he remained until his retirement in January 1921 . He was promoted Lieutenant - General in January 1917 for distinguished service in the field . In 1919 he was appointed to the Esher Committee to look into Indian Army administration and organisation . He was promoted General in 1920 and appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB ) in the 1921 Birthday Honours following his retirement .
John Henderson ( Mississippi politician ) John Henderson ( February 28 , 1797September 15 , 1857 ) was a lawyer and U . S . Senator from Mississippi . Born in Cumberland County , New Jersey , Henderson worked as a flatboat man on the Mississippi River and studied law . He moved to Mississippi and was admitted to the bar , commencing practice in Woodville , Mississippi . He served as a brigadier general in the Mississippi Militia and was a member of the Mississippi Senate from 1835 to 1836 . In 1838 , Henderson was elected a Whig to the United States Senate , serving one full term , 1839 to 1845 . There , he served as chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills in the 26th Congress , of the Post Office and Post Roads in the 27th Congress and of the Committee on Private Land Claims in the 27th Congress and 28th Congresses . Afterwards , Henderson resumed practicing law in New Orleans , Louisiana . In 1851 , he was tried in the United States District Court in New Orleans for violation of the neutrality laws of 1818 for complicity in expeditions against Cuba , however was acquitted . He retired from public life and died in Pass Christian , Mississippi on September 15 , 1857 . He was interned in Live Oak Cemetery in Pass Christian .
Type 201 submarine The Type 201 was Germany ' s first class of military submarine s built after World War II . They were built out of amagnetic steel to counter the threat of magnetic naval mine s , but the material had been insufficiently tested and proved to be problematic in service with the Bundesmarine . Microscopic cracks in the pressure hull forced the cancellation of 9 of the 12 ordered submarines and the early retirement of the three completed boats . They were replaced by the very similar Type 205 submarine s , that were constructed with normal steel . Responsible for the design and construction was the Ingenieurkontor Lübeck ( IKL ) headed by Ulrich Gabler . < br style = " clear : right " > List of boats . " U - 3 " was loaned to the Royal Norwegian Navy and served under the name " Kobben " from 1962 to 1964 before being commissioned in the German Navy .
III Air Support Command The III Air Support Command was a United States Army Air Force formation . Its last assignment was with Third Air Force stationed at Drew Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 16 March 1942 . Trained air force organizations for support operations and assisted in training ground forces . Also conducted antisubmarine patrols .
Aircraft artillery Aircraft artillery are artillery weapons with a calibre larger than 37mm mounted on aircraft . First used for ground attack roles during the first world war , aircraft artillery has found its use in the present day , most notably on the AC130 . History . First used for ground attack roles during World War I , A notable user of Aircraft artillery was the fighter ace René Fonck .
Louis J . Carpellotti Louis J . Carpellotti ( February 13 , 1918 – August 7 , 1942 ) was a United States Marine who received the Silver Star posthumously for his actions during World War II . Carpellotti was born in Old Forge , Pennsylvania . He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on September 22 , 1940 . Private First Class Carpellotti was killed in action at Tulagi , Solomon Islands . During the Battle of Tulagi , part of the initial landings of Guadalcanal campaign , he led a detachment to deliver a flanking fire on a Japan ese position , enabling the rest of his squad to assault and capture the position . Awards . For his personal valor on Tulagi , Private First Class Carpellotti was awarded the Silver Star posthumously . He also received the Purple Heart . Namesakes . The United States Navy destroyer escort USS " Carpellotti " ( DE - 548 ) was named for Private First Class Carpellotti , but her construction was cancelled in 1944 before she could be launched . In 1944 , the destroyer escort USS " Carpellotti " ( DE - 720 ) was named in his honor . During construction , she was converted into the high - speed transport USS " Carpellotti " ( APD - 136 ) , and was in commission from 1945 to 1958 .
Leonnatus Leonnatus ( ; 356 BC – 322 BC ) was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the " diadochi . " He was a member of the royal house of Lyncestis , a small kingdom that had been included in Macedonia by King Philip II of Macedon . Leonnatus was the same age as Alexander and was very close to him . Later , he was one of Alexander ' s seven bodyguards , or somatophylakes . After Alexander died in 323 BC , the regent , Perdiccas , made Leonnatus satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia . Alexander ' s sister Cleopatra , the widow of King Alexander I of Epirus , offered her hand to Leonnatus . When the Athenians heard that Alexander had died , they revolted against Macedonia and the new regent , Antipater . Leonnatus led an army of 20 , 000 infantry with 1 , 500 cavalry to relieve Antipater during the siege in Lamia ( see Lamian War ) . He intervened probably with the ambition to usurp Antipater ' s power . A victory in battle against the Athenians would have certainly enhanced his claim to the throne . Leonnatus was killed in battle against the Athenians and his marriage with Cleopatra never took place .
William Louis Marshall William Louis Marshall was born June 11 , 1846 , in Washington , Kentucky , a scion of the family of Chief Justice John Marshall . At age 16 he enlisted in the 10th Kentucky Cavalry , Union Army . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1868 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers . Accompanying Lieutenant George Wheeler ’ s Wheeler Survey expedition ( 1872 – 76 ) , Marshall covered thousands of miles on foot and horseback and discovered Marshall Pass in central Colorado . He oversaw improvements on the Lower Mississippi River near Vicksburg and on the Fox - Wisconsin Waterway canal system in Wisconsin . As Chicago District Engineer from 1888 to 1899 , he planned and began to build the Illinois and Mississippi Canal . Marshall made innovative use of concrete masonry and developed original and cost - saving methods of canal lock construction . Stationed at New York ( 1900 – 08 ) , his genius further expressed itself on the Ambrose Channel project and in standardizing fortification construction methods . He retired June 11 , 1910 , but his engineering reputation earned a special appointment from President William Howard Taft as consulting engineer to the Secretary of the Interior on hydroelectric power projects . General Marshall died July 2 , 1920 , in Washington , D . C . References . " This article contains public domain text from "
First Battle of Wawer The First Battle of Wawer was fought on February 19 and 20 , 1831 , between Poland and Russia . Polish forces , led by Jan Skrzynecki , defeated Russian 1st Corps , commanded by Hans Karl von Diebitsch . After the battle , Polish commanders did not receive any reinforcements , so the victory was not decisive .
9th Landwehr Division ( German Empire ) The 9th Landwehr Division ( " 9 . Landwehr - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in January 1915 as the Mühlenfels Division ( " Division Mühlenfels " ) , named after its commander , and became the 9th Landwehr Division on February 14 , 1915 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . The 9th Landwehr Division served on the Western Front , holding a sector in the Argonne Forest . From September to November 1915 , it saw action in the Second Battle of Champagne . From July to September 1916 , it was involved in the Battle of Verdun . It was peripherally involved in the Second Battle of the Marne in July 1918 . Late in 1918 , it faced the Allied Meuse - Argonne Offensive . Allied intelligence rated the division as fourth class ; it was considered primarily a sector holding division and not an offensive formation but " on the defensive it showed some fighting ability . Order of battle on formation . The 9th Landwehr Division was formed as a square division from previously independent Landwehr brigades . The order of battle of the division on February 15 , 1915 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . The division underwent a number of organizational changes over the course of the war . It was triangularized in February 1917 . Cavalry was reduced , artillery and signals commands were formed , and combat engineer support was expanded to a full battalion . The order of battle on August 10 , 1918 was as follows :
Battle of Mons Seleucus The Battle of Mons Seleucus was fought in 353 between the forces of the legitimate Roman emperor Constantius II of the line of Constantine I the Great and the forces of the usurper Magnentius . Constantius ' forces were victorious , and Magnentius later committed suicide . It took place in today ' s department Hautes - Alpes , Southern France .
Italian Spahis Italian Spahis were light cavalry colonial troops of the Kingdom of Italy , raised in Italian Libya between 1912 and 1942 . Characteristics . The Italian colonial administration of Libya raised squadrons of locally recruited Spahi cavalry after the conquest of Libya from the Ottoman empire . These differed from their French namesakes in that their prime role was that of mounted police , tasked with patrolling rural and desert areas . The name is the French form of the Ottoman word sipahi , a word originally derived from Middle Persian term " Spah " meaning " army " , or " horsemen " . Although they had Italian officers these spahis were more loosely organised than the regular Libyan cavalry regiments ( Savari ) . They usually wore a picturesque dress modelled on that of the desert tribesmen from whom they were recruited . History . The Italian Spahis formed part of the " Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali " of Libya ( Royal Corps of Libyan Colonial Troops ) , which included desert and camel troops , infantry battalions , artillery and cavalry . The Truppe Coloniali saw extensive service during the Italian conquest of Tripolitania and mainly contributed to the full control of Cyrenaica & Fezzan , which was not completed until 1932 . Since then they patrolled the border areas of Italian Libya . In 1936 Spahis and other Libyan units took part in the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and received a " Gold Medal of Honor " for their distinguished performance in battle The Spahis of Amedeo Guillet . Te most famous group of Italian Spahis was the one of Amedeo Guillet . In 1934 he was in Libya commanding this irregular cavalry . In 1935 , Guillet participated with the Spahis of Libya in the War of Ethiopia , where these Libyan troops fought bravely . World War II . On the eve of Italy ' s entry into World War II the Royal Corps of Libyan Colonial Troops comprised approximately 28 , 000 locally recruited personnel , of which nearly one thousand were the Italian Spahis . They suffered heavy losses during the Battle of the Marmarica ( December 1940 ) and were formally disbanded in January 1943 following the Italian withdrawal into Tunisia . Italian Spahis were in control of Ghat and Ghadames until the first weeks of 1943 . The role of the Spahis and other mounted troops was limited mainly to patrol and scouting work by the demands of modern mechanised warfare .
811 Naval Air Squadron 811 Naval Air Squadron is a squadron of Britain ' s Fleet Air Arm . The squadron was flying the Fairey Swordfish in 1939 from . When that ship was lost the survivors were drafted to help form 815 Naval Air Squadron . 811 was reformed in July 1941 at Lee - on - Solent ( HMS Daedalus ) . Initially equipped with the Vought - Sikorsky Chesapeake and intended for duty with an escort carrier on the Atlantic convoys . After three months it was decided that the Chesapeake was not up to the job and the squadron re - equipped with the Swordfish . After a long period re - training , initially at RNAS Arbroath , then at RNAS " Machrihanish " ( HMS " Landrail " ) the squadron moved during August 1942 to RAF Bircham Newton for mine - laying and other anti - shipping operations off the coast of the Netherlands , Belgium and North - East France . In December of that year there was another move , this time to RNAS Hatston , Orkney . It eventually got afloat in in March 1943 .
Georg Eberhardt Georg Eberhardt ( 27 February 1914 — 21 July 1943 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Early life . Georg Eberhardt was born on the 27 February 1914 , in Bad Frankenhausen . After he had finished school he volunteeered to join the Allgemeine SS in November 1932 and transferreed to the SS - VT in 1934 . He was selected to become an officer and posted to the SS - Junkerschule at Bad Tölz and after graduation he was promoted to Untersturmführer ( Second Lieutenant ) in April 1936 . He remained on the staff at the SS - Junkerschule as a platoon commander , later teaching tactics at the SS - Junkerschule at Braunschweig . His promotion to Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) came in September 1938 . World War II . Eberhardt was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd and 1st class during Operation Barbarossa the invasion of the Soviet Union in August and September 1941 . In October 1942 , he was promoted to Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) and given command of the Estonian SS Panzer Grenadier Battalion " Narwa " and promoted to Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in May 1943 . From 19 to 21 July 1943 , at Charkov Eberhardt and his Battalion defeated several Soviet attacks , for which he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross but Eberhard had been killed in action on 21 July .
EPK ( Pyrkal ) Machine gun The EPK Machine Gun was designed by EPK , a Greek defense company ( in English , " Greek Powder and Cartridge Company " , GPCC ) later known as Pyrkal . The gun ' s creation is connected to EPK ' s ambitions to become a major producer of infantry weapon s and a relevant 1937 proposal to the Greek government . The proposal was followed by the development of a modern machine gun of EPK - own design , as well as construction of a small number of prototypes in 1939 . The whole project , including building of infrastructure for massive production of the gun was underway when war with Italy broke out on October 28 , 1940 , and subsequent events prohibited its completion . A total of no more than ( probably ) 10 - 15 was built , their fate ( except for one given as a present to a member of the Greek Royal Family ) remaining unknown . Later publications suggested that this 7 . 92 mm weapon exhibited characteristics at the time closer to those of a submachine gun ; others , though , including Pyrkal itself , have argued that the weapon was indeed a very advanced design for its time , featuring pioneering elements of a whole class of assault rifle types that appeared later . Its construction is close to the Thompson submachine gun with ergonomics and weight are somewhat compatible with the present day Ultimax 100 light machine gun .