naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Château de la Guerche Château de la Guerche is a castle in La Guerche , in Indre - et - Loire , a " département " in France . Among its famous owners , the Lords of Rougé used it as their residence between 1351 and 1416 . It was built during the reign of Charles VII of France , for his mistress Antoinette de Maignelais and her husband André de Villequier . The castle was besieged in 1592 , during the French Wars of Religion . Restored in the seventeenth century and renovated subsequently , it is now open to visitors . It has been listed since 1944 as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture .
USS Pontiac ( ID - 2343 ) USS " Pontiac " ( ID 2343 ) was a commercial ferryboat twice chartered by the U . S . Navy during World War I . After acquiring the ferry from the Pawtucket Steamboat Co , the Navy was not able to find an adequate use for the vessel , such as a minesweeper , and returned it , finally , to its owner . Built in Rhode Island . " Pontiac " , a 112 gross ton steam ferryboat built at East Providence , Rhode Island , in 1883 and rebuilt there in 1909 , was previously named " Pioneer " . World War I service . She was chartered by the Navy in March 1918 and briefly was USS " Pontiac " ( ID 2343 ) . However , a planned conversion to a minesweeper was not carried out and she was returned to her owner in June 1918 . Again taken over soon after that , she was given back to her owner for a final time in July 1918 .
United States Army Garrison Heidelberg The U . S . Army Garrison Heidelberg was made up of a number of United States military installation s in and around Heidelberg , Germany in the state of Baden - Württemberg , plus Germersheim Depot in the neighboring German state of Rhineland - Palatinate . In addition , some NATO facilities were present on the installations . In June 2010 , USAG Heidelberg was inactivated and consolidated into its parent unit , U . S . Army Garrison Baden - Wuerttemberg . This was a preparatory move for a complete relocation away from Heidelberg : From 2012 to 2015 the relocation of all U . S . military units ( many to Wiesbaden , Germany ) will mark an end point in the history of the U . S . Army Garrison Heidelberg . The U . S . Army , Europe ( USAREUR ) headquarters , located in Heidelberg since 1952 as part of the garrison , was moved to Wiesbaden to a newly built installation at Lucius D . Clay Kaserne in 2012 . All military installations in Heidelberg will be handed over to the German state by 2015 for conversion to civilian use . Installations of U . S . Army Garrison Heidelberg included Campbell Barracks ( the former Wehrmacht Großdeutschland - Kaserne ) where headquarters for several units were located until 2013 , including U . S . Army , Europe ( USAREUR ) . Campbell Barracks and Mark Twain Village are both located in Heidelberg - Südstadt ; Patton Barracks in nearby Heidelberg - Kirchheim was home to the U . S . Army Garrison Baden - Württemberg . Nachrichten Kaserne in Heidelberg - Rohrbach is home to the former Heidelberg Army Hospital , now designated the Heidelberg Health Center . Patrick Henry Village , the largest U . S . military housing area in the Heidelberg area , is located west of Heidelberg - Kirchheim . Tompkins Barracks and Kilbourne Kaserne are located in Schwetzingen . The former U . S . Army Air Field ( Heidelberg AAF ) has been converted to a heliport .
Battle of Swift Creek The Battle of Swift Creek was fought on May 9 , 1864 , between Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War . Union forces were only partially successful : they inflicted damage on the local railroad , but further advance was halted . Description . On May 9 , Maj . Gen . Benjamin Butler made a thrust toward Petersburg and was met by Bushrod Johnson ' s Division at Swift Creek . A premature Confederate attack at Arrowfield Church was driven back with heavy losses , but Union forces did not follow up . After skirmishing , Butler seemed content to tear up the railroad tracks and did not press the defenders . In conjunction with the advance to Swift Creek , five Federal gunboats steamed up the Appomattox River to bombard Fort Clifton , while Hincks ' s U . S . Colored Troops infantry division struggled through marshy ground from the land side . The gunboats were quickly driven off , and the infantry attack was abandoned .
Gerald Verner White Gerald Verner White ( July 6 , 1879 – October 24 , 1948 ) was a Canadian politician . Born in Pembroke , Ontario , the son of Peter White and Janet Reid White , White was educated at Pembroke Public and High Schools . He received a Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering degree in 1901 from McGill University . He entered the lumber business , eventually becoming president of the Cunningham Lumber Company and the Pembroke Standard , Limited . He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons for Renfrew North in a 1906 by - election after the death of his father . A Conservative , he was re - elected in 1908 and 1911 . During World War I , he was a Colonel , Officer Reserve in the Canadian Expeditionary Force . In 1919 , he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire . He was summoned to the Canadian Senate for the senatorial division of Pembroke , Ontario on the advice of Robert Borden in 1917 . He served until his death in 1948 .
Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov ( ; born August 29 , 1937 , Vladivostok ) is a former Commander - in - Chief of the Russian Navy . Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son . Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955 . He completed the S . O . Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959 . He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme . Gromov returned to the navy in 1962 and served on the Sverdlov class cruiser " Admiral Senyavin " and the Kotlin class destroyer " Vdokhnovennyy " . He subsequently commanded the cruisers " Senyavin " and the " Dmitry Pozharsky " . In 1977 Gromov became commander of a squadron of surface ships in the Baltic Fleet and was transferred to the Soviet Northern Fleet in 1982 . In 1984 he became deputy commander of the Soviet Northern Fleet and was promoted to its commander in 1988 . In 1992 Gromov was given command of the Russian Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union . He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet by Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and retired in 1997 at age 60 , the mandated retirement age for Admiral s and Fleet Admirals . The Jamestown Foundation speculated that Gromov was dismissed because of a Russian Pacific Fleet ammunition explosion which seems to have attracted wide attention .
William Hood Simpson General William Hood Simpson KBE ( May 18 , 1888 – August 15 , 1980 ) was a distinguished U . S . Army officer who commanded the U . S . Ninth Army in northern Europe , during World War II , among other roles . William Simpson was born May 18 , 1888 , at Weatherford , Texas . After graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1909 , he was commissioned into the infantry . Before US involvement in World War I , Simpson served in the US and in the Philippines , including the Mexican Punitive Expedition , in 1916 . He was promoted to Captain in May 1917 and served with the 33rd Division throughout World War I , receiving temporary promotions to Major and Lieutenant Colonel and becoming divisional Chief - of - Staff . In the inter - war years , 1919 – 1941 , Simpson filled staff appointments and attended military schools , both as student and as instructor . From 1932 to 1936 , he served as the Professor of Military Science at Pomona College in Claremont , California . In mid - 1940 , he was appointed to command the 9th Infantry at Fort Sam Houston , Texas . Before US entry into World War II , he had commanded divisions and received promotion to temporary Major - General , taking 35th Division from Camp Robinson , Arkansas , to a training site in California . Further promotions followed and in May , 1944 , as a Lieutenant General , Simpson took his staff to Britain to organise the US 9th Army . This formation was activated as part of Omar Bradley ' s 12th Army Group , on September 5 at Brest , France . Brest was liberated on September 20 . The 9th Army joined the general advance and , after a month in the Ardennes the 9th was moved further north . In November , 1944 it broke through the Siegfried Line and advanced , in some of the heaviest fighting of the war , to the Roer River . At this point the advance stalled , due to the threat posed by dams upstream . After the Battle of the Bulge , the 9th Army remained with Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery ' s 21st Army Group for the final attack into Germany . As part of Operation Plunder , the Rhine was crossed on March 24 , 1945 , north of the Ruhr industrial area and on April 19 the 9th Army made contact with Courtney Hodges ' US 1st Army , making complete encirclement of the Ruhr . On April 4 , it had reverted to Bradley ' s 12th Army Group . The Ninth was the first American Army across the Elbe , on April 12 . Simpson returned to the US in June , 1945 . He undertook a mission to China in July and subsequently commanded the U . S . Second Army at Memphis , Tennessee . He retired in November 1946 and , on July 19 , 1954 he was promoted to General on the retired list by special Act of Congress ( Public Law 83 - 508 ) . General William H Simpson died on August 15 , 1980 , and is buried alongside his wife in Arlington National Cemetery . External links .
Frederick Hitch Frederick Hitch , VC ( 29 November 1856 – 6 January 1913 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross for his actions at the Battle of Rorke ' s Drift , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Hitch was 22 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , 24th Regiment of Foot ( later The South Wales Borderers ) , British Army during the Anglo - Zulu War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . The citation was published in the " London Gazette " on 2 May 1879 : They were assisted in passing out ammunition by Padre George Smith . Further information . Hitch ' s wounds were so severe that they led to his discharge from service upon the conclusion of the war . He then moved from job to job , unable to perform manual work due to the damage to his arm he had received during the battle . He married in 1883 , but reportedly found life difficult living on his disability pension from the government , which amounted to just £10 a year . In 1901 , whilst climbing a ladder he suffered a fall . When he awoke in hospital his VC , which he always wore , had been stolen . Forced to pay for a new one from his own pocket , Hitch also lost his job soon afterwards when he was accused of faking the fall to hide the fact that he had sold his medal to raise funds . This has never been proven . Hitch had eight children , and managed to land a steady job , at first as a horse - drawn carriage taxi driver and later a motor car taxi service . This provided him with a comfortable income for some years . Some unforeseen , and unknown , disaster meant that by the time of his death in 1913 he was living alone in Chiswick , West London at 62 Cranbrook Road where he is commemorated with a blue plaque from English Heritage . He collapsed and died at his home whilst talking to a neighbour . He was buried in St Nicholas ' churchyard in Chiswick , with full military honours . His missing VC later reappeared at auction . Hitch ' s family raised £85 to retrieve it . Another version is that he was given a position in Whitehall as a ceremonial guard and his VC was cut off his chest and he was knocked to the ground . In this version his VC was replaced by the regiment . Many years later his original was put up for auction and his sons managed to raise enough money to buy it back . Both the original and the replacement are in the regimental museum . Frederick Hitch was illiterate , and when he joined the army he signed the official enlistment forms with a cross [ X ] . He is buried in the centre of St . Nicholas ' Churchyard , Old Chiswick . Block P , grave 17 . The grave is difficult to miss since it is more of a monument than a grave , featuring a helmet on top . His funeral was attended by a large number of London ' cabbies ' and still today there is the Fred Hitch Gallantry Award for cab drivers . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the South Wales Borderers Museum Brecon , Powys , Wales .
Willy Jähde Willy Jähde ( 18 January 1908 – 25 April 2002 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Willy Jähde was captured by American troops in May 1945 . He was later transferred to Soviet custody , but escaped .
Sokol plant Sokol plant ( , " Aviastroitelny zavod Sokol " , i . e . ' Sokol Aircraft - Building Plant ' ) is a manufacturer of MiG fighter s , based in Nizhny Novgorod . It was founded n 1932 and is also known as " Aviation Plant 21 " , named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze . During 45 years of serial production the plant manufactured about 13 , 500 combat aircraft . The company is headquartered in Nizhny Novgorod . Their main production facility , with the adjacent airfield ( known in the west as Sormovo Airfield ) is located on the western outskirts of the city , in Moskovsky City District . For a long time it was considered that district ' s most important industrial enterprise and main employer . The " Sormovo " appellation attached to the plant ' s air field may be because formerly ( 1956 – 1970 ) today ' s Moskovsky District was part of the Sormovo District . To help financing , Sokol diversified after the Cold War and during the financially desperate 1990s in Russia . Hardly anybody ordered new fighter jets , so Sokol even produced cutlery to become less dependent of the aviation sector . From 2006 , Sokol allowed paying tourist for MiG - 29 and MiG - 31 flights to achieve some additional income . The Sokol company is seen as the future manufacturer of MiG - 35 jets .
Felix St . Vrain Felix St . Vrain ( March 23 , 1799 – May 24 , 1832 ) was a United States Indian agent who was killed during the Black Hawk War . St . Vrain died along with three companions while on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon ' s Ferry , Illinois to Fort Armstrong . The incident has become known as the St . Vrain massacre . Early life . Felix St . Vrain was born in St . Louis , Missouri , a son of Jacques DeHault Delassus de St . Vrain . He married Marie Pauline Gregoire in 1822 , and eight years later settled in Kaskaskia , Illinois . A sawmill operator in Kaskaskia , St . Vrain was 31 years old when he was appointed to replace Thomas Forsyth as an Indian agent . Indian agent . St . Vrain started working for the United States government as an Indian Agent in 1830 . He was assigned to the Sauk and Fox nations around Rock Island during William Clark ' s tenure as superintendent of the St . Louis Indian Agency . St . Vrain ' s appointment came amidst Forsyth ' s ongoing criticism of William Clark . St . Vrain had almost no experience dealing with Indians but being a member of a politically important St . Louis - French family he had connections to U . S . Senator Elias Kent Kane . Kane was a close acquaintance of William Clark and recommended St . Vrain for the appointment . When the Black Hawk War began , St . Vrain was stationed at Fort Armstrong . The story circulated upon his death by Governor John Reynolds was that St . Vrain was keenly in tune with Indian culture and was treacherously murdered by a chief who had adopted him as a brother Little Bear . This story is almost certainly not true . Massacre . While on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon ' s Ferry ( now Dixon ) to Galena , under the command of General Henry Atkinson , St . Vrain was killed along with three other members of his party on May 24 , 1832 . They were most likely attacked by a band of pro - Sauk Ho - Chunk warriors , though sources disagree over the attacker ' s tribe . St . Vrain and the other victims were buried by a detachment of soldiers under Colonel Henry Dodge . One account of the massacre , from Gen . George W . Jones ( St . Vrain ' s brother - in - law as well as the man who identified the body ) , claimed the attackers scalped all of the dead men , and cut off the hands , head and feet of St . Vrain . They then removed his heart , which they ate . The victims ' graves are located in Kellogg ' s Grove . In 1834 ( either January 6 or March 24 ) the U . S . Congress passed a bill which provided relief for St . Vrain ' s family . The Congressional relief was in the form a 640 acre land grant in the state of Missouri .
South African Medal for War Services The South African Medal for War Services was awarded for part - time voluntary service in support of the war effort between 6 September 1939 and 15 February 1946 . Institution . The medal was instituted by a Royal Warrant dated 29 December 1945 and countersigned and sealed at Cape Town on 6 February 1946 , for award to both sexes , whether British subjects or not . The requirements were a minimum of two year ' s service , one at least of which was continuous , rendered voluntarily and without pay , within or outside the borders of the Union of South Africa , in one or more of the officially recognized voluntary organizations , providing that five or more hours were worked every week .
FAdeA The Fábrica Argentina de Aviones or FAdeA SA officially Fábrica Argentina de Aviones " Brigadier San Martín " S . A . , is Argentina ' s main aircraft manufacturer . Founded on 10 October 1927 and located in Córdoba , for most of its existence it was known as Fábrica Militar de Aviones ( hence the acronym " FMA " ) , until its privatisation in the 1990s . On 2010 the concession ended and is now wholly owned by the Argentine government . History . Formed on October 10 , 1927 and on July 18 , 1928 ends the construction and testing begins on the track the first domestically produced aircraft : the license built Avro 504 Gosport training aircraft equipped with a Gnome engine . It had a speed of 140 km / h with a flying endurance of 2hours . The factory is known for producing the first jet fighter aircraft in Latin America : the Pulqui I ( 1947 ) and the Pulqui II ( 1950 ) under the direction of engineers Emile Dewoitine ( French ) and Kurt Tank ( German ) respectively . FMA was closed in 1995 and was privatized by the government of Carlos Menem and from 1995 until March 2009 it belonged concession to LMAASA ( Lockheed Martin Aircraft Argentina SA , a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation ) . Under the terms of the privatization agreement LMAASA would operate it for 25 years and could be renewed for two 10 year periods . During the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner the factory was nationalised in August 2009 after paying ARS $ 67 million . The text of the expropriation law provides that " the State shall not return to get rid of a majority stake in the power or decision - making factory . " Its was renamed after Argentine Air Force Brigadier a military engineer who laid the foundations of the aeronautics industry at Córdoba when he directed the Instituto Aerotécnico , the forerunner of the FMA , in the 1940s . The United States Department of State announced that effective December 18 , 2009 , Lockheed Martin Aircraft Argentina would be renamed to Fábrica Argentina de Aviones " Brigadier San Martin " S . A . and divested to the Government of Argentina . Aircraft Production . The FMA has produced numerous innovative aircraft prototypes , but the state of the Argentine economy has usually prevented most of them from entering large - scale production . Nevertheless the FMA has managed to put several aircraft types of more conventional designs into full productions . It also engaged in production of licensed aircraft from other countries . The prefixes used for the aircraft locally developed ( and produced ) are :
Nimda Shoet Shoet is a 6 - by - 6 wheeled armored personnel carrier developed by Nimda Group , Israel as a private venture , along the concept lines of the Soviet BTR - 152 . The vehicle passed tests with the Israel Defense Forces , but didn ' t reach production . Shoet weighs about 8 tonnes , is protected by 8 to 14 mm sloped armor . The powerpack consists of 172 hp GMC 6 - cylinder V - 53 engine and Allison MT - 643 automatic hydromech torque converter transmission .
John Garand John Cantius Garand ( ; January 1 , 1888 – February 16 , 1974 ) was a Canadian - American designer of firearms best known for creating the first successful semi - automatic rifle to be widely used in active military service , the M1 Garand . Garand was born in St . Rémi , Quebec in a French Canadian family , and moved as a child to Jewett City , Connecticut . He attended school until he was 11 years old , and then became employed in a textile mill , where he was later promoted to machinist . After gaining the necessary experience , he was hired by a tool factory in Providence , Rhode Island . His fondness for machinery and target shooting blended naturally into a hobby of designing guns , which however took a more vocational turn in 1917 . That year the United States Army took bids on designs for a light machine gun , and Garand ' s design was eventually selected by the War Department . Garand was appointed to a position with the United States Bureau of Standards with the task of perfecting the weapon . The first model was not built until 1919 , too late for use in World War I , but the government kept Garand on in a position as consulting engineer with the Springfield Armory . In this position he was tasked with designing a semi - automatic infantry rifle and carbine . Designing the rifle took several preliminary designs and quite a bit of detail work stretching over fifteen years to perfect the model to Army specifications . The resulting M1 Garand was patented by Garand in 1934 and began mass production in 1936 . In the late 1940s and early 1950s , Garand had designed and built a prototype bullpup rifle . It fired the same cartridge as the M1 rifle , but the magazine , action and shape were completely different . It was a select - fire design , and had a firing rate of about 600rpm . When Garand retired in 1953 , the second version of the T31 was incomplete , and remained so . The project was scrapped , and the gun was retired to the Springfield Armory museum in 1961 For his work with the Springfield Armory , Garand was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal in 1941 , and the first Medal for Merit ( together with Albert Hoyt Taylor ) on March 28 , 1944 . Garand never received any royalties from his design . A bill was introduced in Congress to award him $ 100 , 000 in appreciation , but did not pass . Garand remained in his consulting position until his retirement in 1953 , and died in Springfield , Massachusetts in 1974 . Garand married French Canadian widow Nellie Bruce Shepard ( 3 Aug 1900 - 25 Feb 1986 ) on 6 Sep 1930 in Albany , NY . She had two daughters by her previous marriage , and they had a daughter and a son of their own . Pronunciation . Pronunciation of the name Garand is often disputed , being pronounced variably as or . Descendants of John Garand and his close friend Julian Hatcher generally agree that it is the latter , rhyming approximately ' errand . '