naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Albert von Memerty Albert von Memerty ( December 8 , 1814 – January 24 , 1896 ) was a general in the armies of the Kingdom of Prussia and Imperial Germany . Memerty was born in Damsdorf near Bütow in Pomerania . He enlisted in the Prussian Army on March 8 , 1832 , joining Inf . Rgt . Nr . 4 as a soldier . Promotions to Officer took place on April 18 , 1835 ; to Captain in 1852 ; and to Major in 1859 with the 13 . Westphalian Reserve Regiment . The regiment became the 5th Westphalian Inf . Rgt . Nr . 53 following a reorganization of the Army . Memerty first saw combat in Prussia ' s Second Schleswig War against Denmark . He took part in the Battle of Dybbøl and in the Battle of Als . Just before the outbreak of the Austro - Prussian War in 1866 , Memerty was named Colonel and Commander of the 4 . East Prussia n Grenadiers Regiment Nr . 5 . He led that regiment on June 27 during the Battle of Trautenau . At the beginning of the Franco - Prussian War , he was promoted to General Major and placed in command of Rgts . 4 and 44 , which together comprised the 3 . Infantry Brigade , which was in turn part of the First Army under General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz . He saw combat in that war with the Battle of Colombey - Rouilly on August 14 , then on August 31 - September 1 at the Battle of Noiseville . He participated in the Siege of Metz , though he was forced to take leave due to illness . He last saw combat during the Battle of Pertry - Poeuilly on January 17 , 1871 , during which he was seriously wounded . Memerty was awarded the Iron Cross First Class and the Pour le Merite for his achievements . On November 2 , 1871 he was named Commander of Danzig , and , following his promotion to Lt . General , on August 14 , 1875 , was granted his pension . Memerty died on January 24 , 1896 at Wiesbaden .
Black Hills Ordnance Depot The Black Hills Ordnance Depot ( BHOD ) was a munition s storage and maintenance facility formerly operated by the Ordnance Corps of the United States Army . The depot was located in Fall River County , in far southwestern South Dakota about eight miles south of the town of Edgemont . BHOD was established and constructed in 1942 , to help meet the Army ' s increased ordnance handling needs caused by World War II . Because of the relative remoteness of the location , nearly all of the facility ' s civilian workforce lived in federally owned housing at the depot ; this residential community was known as Igloo , a name derived because the characteristic shape of the munitions storage buildings constructed at the site has a similar appearance to igloo s . The Igloo community included public schools , a hospital , post office , church , and shopping and entertainment facilities including a theater , swimming pool and a recreation center . Among Igloo ' s residents was a young Tom Brokaw , who spent a few years living on the base as a boy . The level of employment at BHOD varied over the years , increasing during periods of war . During typical peacetime periods of the 1950s , between 650 and 750 workers were employed at the site , and the community population was around 1800 people . BHOD was renamed " Black Hills Army Depot " ( BHAD ) in 1962 . Over the years , BHOD was used for storage and testing of chemical weapons , including sarin and mustard gas . Additionally , during World War II , the site also held Italian prisoners of war . The Depot was closed on June 30 , 1967 , and the Igloo community was abandoned . Once the Depot was closed , most of the residential housing units were moved to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation . A large number of former Depot buildings remained at the site in 2007 . The entire depot is currently under private ownership and off limits to the general public without express permission of the owner .
András Littay András Littay ( 15 August 1884 Szabadka ( Subotica ) , Austria - Hungary – 21 July 1967 Melbourne , Australia ) was a Hungarian General during World War II . He was professor at the Budapest Military Academy and Commander of the VII Army Corps , the Deputy Minister of Defence , the Royal Hungarian Privy Councilor , a member of the Order of Vitéz
Shirakumo - class destroyer The was a class of two torpedo boat destroyer s ( TBDs ) of the Imperial Japanese Navy . Background . The " Shirakumo " - class destroyers were ordered under the 1900 fiscal budget as a follow - on to the earlier " Murakumo " - class . Both were ordered from the yard of John I . Thornycroft & Company in Chiswick , England . These were amongst the last destroyers purchased by Japan overseas ; most subsequent destroyers in the Imperial Japanese Navy were either prizes of war , or were built in Japan . Design . Substantially identical to the previous " Murakumo " - class , the " Shirakumo " - class was slightly larger in displacement with a slightly more powerful engine . The main difference externally between the vessels was in the design of their rudders . With the previous class , the rudder was semi - balanced , and had a portion exposed above the waterline . This made the vessel vulnerable to disablement by stray gunfire . The design of the " Shirakumo " - class destroyers was similar to that of the two - stack torpedo boat destroyers produced by Thornycroft for the Royal Navy ; ( from 1913 these were grouped as the D class ) , also known as the “ Thirty Knotters ” . Both vessels had a flush deck design with a distinctive " turtleback " forecastle that was intended to clear water from the bow during high speed navigation , but was poorly designed for high waves or bad weather . The bridge and forward gun platform were barely raised above the bow , resulting in a wet conning position . More than half of the small hull was occupied by the boilers and the engine room . With fuel and weaponry , there was little space left for crew quarters . All were powered by triple expansion steam engines for and had coal - fired water - tube boilers . Armament was one QF 12 pounder 12 cwt gun on a bandstand on the forecastle , five QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss ( two sited abreast the conning tower , two sited between the funnels and one on the quarterdeck ) and 2 single tubes for torpedo es . Operational history . Both " Shirakumo " - class destroyers arrived in Japan in time to be used in combat service during the Russo - Japanese War of 1904 – 1905 and were assigned to the 4th Destroyer Squadron under Admiral Dewa Shigeto . Both played an especially distinguished role in the crucial Battle of Tsushima . On 1912 - 08 - 28 , both vessels were re - classified as third - class destroyers and were removed from front line combat service . They were converted to auxiliary minesweepers on 1922 - 04 - 01 , but were used for only a year until converted to unarmed utility vessels .
Type 97 light machine gun The was the standard machine gun used in tank s and armored vehicle s of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II , a light machine gun by infantry forces , This weapon was not related to the Type 97 aircraft machine gun used in several Japanese Navy aircraft including the A6M Zero . Development . Initially , the Type 11 Light Machine Gun was modified by the Army Technical Bureau for use in tanks and other armored vehicles , and was produced for this application under the designation “ Type 92 Mobile Machine Gun ” . However , the basic design issues with the Type 11 remained , including its tendency to jam because of the slightest amount of grit or dirt , and the low lethality and lack of stopping power of its 6 . 5x50mm Arisaka cartridge s . During the early stages of the Second Sino - Japanese War , Japanese forces captured a number of Czech ZB vz / 26 light machine guns from China ’ s National Revolutionary Army ; its numerous design advantages led to the development of the Type 97 . This was used in a modified form for armored vehicles until 1940 , when the Japanese Army switched to a rimless 7 . 7 mm cartridge . Design . The Type 97 was mechanically similar to the Czech ZB vz . 26 , with a different stock and pistol grip . It had a straight , vertical , 20 - round box magazine and used the same 7 . 7 mm cartridge s used in the Type 99 rifle . The light gun barrel could easily overheat , which meant the gunner had to fire in bursts , or the barrel would be shot out . When fitted in a tank , a fixed focus 1 . 5x telescopic sight with a 30° field of view was used . To prevent injury to the gunner , a rubber eye pad was attached to the rear of the sight . When used as an infantry weapon , a bipod was employed . Without the bipod , it weighed . Deployment . The Type 97 came into service in 1937 , and was used on all Japanese tanks and other armored vehicles until the end of the war . It was much less common as a stand - alone infantry gun due to its weight . The Imperial Japanese Navy also used the weapon in their combat vehicles such as the Type 92 Jyu - Sokosha Heavy Armored Car ( tankette ) .
Marine Wing Support Group 47 Marine Wing Support Group 47 ( MWSG - 47 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation combat service support unit based at Selfridge Air National Guard Base , Michigan that is currently composed of 3 squadrons , that provide the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing and Marine Forces Reserve with complete airfield operation services ( less air traffic control ) , engineer and transportation support , medical assistance , food services , security support , and other direct combat and combat service support to aviation combat elements . Mission . Provide the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing with organic and deployable combat support and combat service support which is centralized for economy of personnel and equipment .
3rd Battalion 12th Marines 3rd Battalion 12th Marines ( 3 / 12 ) is an artillery battalion comprising three firing batteries and a Headquarters Battery . The firing batteries are all on 6 month rotations in Okinawa from the 10th Marine Regiment and the 11th Marine Regiment ( known as the Unit Deployment Program ( UDP ) ) . The battalion is stationed at Camp Hansen , Okinawa , Japan and its primary weapon system is the M777 lightweight howitzer with a maximum effective range of 30 km . The battalion utilizes the Unit Deployment Program to fill its three firing batteries with detachments from artillery units across the Marine Corps . Mission . Provide direct support of the 3rd Marine Division in time of conflict . That support may come in the traditional fashion of artillery support to maneuver forces , or by providing batteries to serve as provisional rifle companies . They also have the secondary mission of being the primary providers of civil - military operations ( CMO ) . CMO is defined as the activities of the commander that establish , maintain , influence , or exploit relations between military organizations , Government and civilian organizations and the civilian populace . History . World War II . 3rd Battalion 12th Marines was activated on September 16 , 1942 at Camp Elliott , California as part of the 3rd Marine Division . Deployed during January - February 1943 to Auckland , New Zealand Participated in the following World War II Campaigns Bougainville Northern Solomons Guam Iwo Jima Deactivated 28 December 1945 Reactivation and the Vietnam War . Reactivated 7 January 1952 at Camp Pendleton , California , as the 3rd Marine Division Redeployed during August 1953 to Camp Gifu , Japan Redeployed during February 1956 to Camp Courtney , Okinawa Redeployed during April - May 1965 to the Republic of Vietnam Participated in the war in Vietnam , April 1965 - November 1969 , operating from Quang Tri Province Quang Nam Province Thua Thien Province Redeployed during November 1969 to Camp Courtney , Okinawa Elements participated in evacuation operations in Vietnam and Cambodia , March - May 1975 1970s - 1990s . Elements participated in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm , Southwest Asia , 1990 – 1991 Elements participated in Operations Sea Angel , Bangladesh , May - June 1991 Elements Participated in Operation Fiery Vigil , Republic of the Philippines , June - July 1991 War on Terror . Elements participated in Operation Enduring Freedom , Afghanistan and Philippines , 2001 into 2006 Elements participated in Operation Iraqi Freedom , Iraq , 2003 into 2006 Elements participated in Operation Unified Assistance , Southeast Asia , December 2004 - February 2005 Elements participated in humanitarian relief efforts , Philippines , February - March 2006
Hermann Niehoff Hermann Niehoff was a German officer during World War II . He was born on 3 April 1897 and died in 1980 . Niehoff was born in Papenburg / Ems . He was a German infantry general and was the garrison commander of Fortress Breslau ( " Festung Breslau " ) during the Battle of Breslau . Actions . As General of the 371 Infantry Division ( " 371 . Infanterie Division " ) , Niehoff participated in the break out from the Kamieniec - Podolski Pocket during March and April 1944 . At this time , his division was part of Colonel General ( " Generaloberst " ) Hans - Valentin Hube ' s 1st Panzer Army . From 13 February to 6 May 1945 , Breslau was besieged by the Soviet 6th Army . The 6th Army was part of the Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front commanded by Marshal Ivan Konev . On 2 March , Niehoff became the garrison commander . To oppose the Soviets , Niehoff had a mix of German Army , Home Guard , and Hitler Youth troops . During the siege , Niehoff ' s over - matched forces held Breslau for more than two months while much of the city was destroyed and many of his troops were killed . On 6 May , four days after Berlin fell and only two days before the unconditional surrender of Germany , Niehoff signed a conditional surrender of Fortress Breslau to the Soviets . None of the conditions were kept by the Soviets . Niehoff remained a prisoner of war from 1945 to 1955 .
Harald Freiherr von Elverfeldt Harald Freiherr von Elverfeldt ( 6 February 1900 – 6 March 1945 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 9 Panzer Division . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Biography . Harald Freiherr von Elverfeldt was born in 1900 in Hildesheim to Maj . Ferdinand Johann Georg von Elverfeldt , the Major was attached to the Imperial Embassy in St . Petersburg . On March 25 , 1918 , Harald secured his patent as a Fähnrich in the 1st Foot Guards Regiment . He was rushed through an officer ' s training course and sent into combat . He was wounded in May 1918 and was awarded the Iron Cross II . After the war he remained in the 100 , 000 - man Reichswehr and was promoted to Leutnant on November 24 , 1919 . Harald married Elizabeth von Berg in 1923 and had two daughters , the first in 1924 and the second in 1929 . He was promoted to Oberleutnant in 1926 , Hauptmann in 1933 and Major in 1937 . He served in the 3rd Light Division ( Germany ) during the Polish Campaign and was awarded the to Iron Cross I and the clasp to the Iron Cross II . Harald was promoted to Oberstleutnant on November 1 . Harald then participated in the Battle of France and Operation Barbarossa . In March 1942 he was promoted to Oberst and was awarded the German Cross in Gold . Throughout the rest 1942 and early 1943 he participated in several anti - partisan operations ( Operation Eisvogel ( Operation Common Kingfisher ) and Operation Zigeunerbaron ( Operation Gypsy Baron ) . In September 1943 he was promoted to the rank of Generalmajor and served in the Crimea . In September 1944 after the 9th Panzer Division had fought in Normandy , Harald von Elverfeldt took command of the division and commanded it until December 28 , 1944 and then again from February 1945 - until he was killed in action in March 1945 . Elverfeldt was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on December 9 , 1944 and was posthumously awarded Oak Leaves on March 23 , 1945 along with a promotion to Generalleutnant .
Friedrichshafen FF . 43 The Friedrichshafen FF . 43 was a German single - seat floatplane fighter of the 1910s produced by Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen . Development and design . Designed for defence of the floatplane bases , the FF . 43 was a biplane powered by a Mercedes D . III inline piston engine driving a tractor propeller . It was armed with two 7 . 92 mm ( 0 . 312 in ) LMG 08 / 15 forward - firing machine gun s . Only one aircraft was built . See also . ← FF . 39 - FF . 40 - FF . 41 - FF . 43 - FF . 44 - FF . 45 - FF . 46
Woodrow Wilson Barr Woodrow Wilson Barr ( June 8 , 1918 – August 7 , 1942 ) was a United States Marine with the 1st Marine Raider Battalion . He was killed in action at Tulagi , Solomon Islands , August 7 , 1942 — and was posthumously awarded the Silver Star medal for his " conspicuous gallantry and intrepedity in action " during the action at Tulagi . Biography . Woodrow Barr was born on June 8 , 1918 in Keyser , West Virginia . He graduated from Parsons High School ; and following graduation worked for four years before enlisting in the U . S . Marine Corps on January 13 , 1942 . He completed his recruit training at Parris Island , South Carolina , followed by training at Quantico . He was deployed to the Pacific Theatre as a part of the 1st Marine Raider Battalion . Barr was one of 45 Marines who were killed in action during the U . S . recapture of Tulagi from the Japanese on August 7 , 1942 . Awards and decorations . Barr was posthumously awarded the Silver Star and the Purple Heart . Namesake . The USS Barr ( APD - 39 ) , a United States Navy " Buckley " - class destroyer escort commissioned in 1944 , was named for Woodrow Wilson Barr . In 2012 , legislation introduced to the West Virginia House of Delegates by Representative Gary Howell of Mineral County , named a bridge on US Route 50 in Burlington in honor of Barr .
William Henry Beach Major - General William Henry Beach ( 1871 - 1952 ) was a senior British Army officer and a Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1936 to 1941 . Early life and education . Beach was born in Brompton , the elder son of the Rev . Canon W . R . Beach , Chaplain to the Forces , and was educated at Bloxham School . He was the younger brother of Thomas Boswall Beach . Military career . Beach was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1889 . After service in England and Ireland he moved to India in 1894 . He served with the Mohmand Field Force in 1908 and was on the General Staff between 1916 and 1919 , when he was Deputy Director of Intelligence . Following the First World War , Beach served in India . He was Temporary Colonel Commandant commanding 21st Indian Infantry Brigade ( 1923 – 27 ) and was Aide - de - Camp to King George V in 1925 . He commanded 42 ( East Lancs ) Division from 1929 to 1932 . Later life . Beach retired from the Army in 1932 and then worked on the Council of the Regular Forces Employment Association and the Council of the Voluntary Aid Detachment . Between 1936 and 1941 he was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers . Beach died on the 22 July 1952 aged 81 in Surrey , England . Honours and awards . Beach was made a CMG in 1917 and a CB in 1919 . He was awarded the DSO in 1916 .
Tarquinia Airfield Tarquinia Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in the Lazio region of central Italy , about 6 km South - Southwest of Tarquinia . It was an all - weather temporary field built by the XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface , with a prefabricated hessian ( burlap ) surfacing known as PHS . PHS was made of an asphalt - impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track ( SMT ) grid of wire joined in 3 - inch squares . Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas , as well as for dispersal sites , when it was available . In addition , tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Once completed it was turned over for use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the Italian Campaign . Known units assigned were : Today the site of the airfield is indistinguishable from the many agricultural fields in the area .
Nettle agent Nettle agents or urticants are a variety of chemical warfare agent that produces corrosive skin and tissue injury upon contact , resulting in erythema , urticaria , intense itch ing and a hive - like rash . Most nettle agents , such as the best known and studied nettle agent , phosgene oxime , are often grouped with the vesicant ( blister agent ) chemical agents . However , because nettle agents do not cause blister s , they are not true vesicants .
Battle of Pagan The Battle of Pagan was fought in 1287 between Kublai Khan ' s Mongol , and their neighbors to the south , the Pagan Empire . The invasion ended the Pagan Empire , which disintegrated to several small kingdoms . Overview . The battle was initiated by the Mongols , who sensed opportunity in the political turmoil caused by their successful 1283 invasion of the Pagan Empire in the Battle of Bhamo . After Bhamo , the Mongol army penetrated the Irrawaddy River valley and established garrison s there . The political turmoil of these events tempted Kublai Khan ' s grandson Esen - Temür who was stationed in Yunnan , to action . Temür led a large army down the Irrawaddy river valley and captured the capital city Pagan , also sending military parties across the country to ensure submission . The Burmese king Narathihapate , who fled Pagan to Lower Burma , prior to the battle , and the Burmese defense collapsed . The king is remembered in Burmese history as " Tayokpyemin " ( lit . the king who ran away from the Chinese ) . In Lower Burma , the king was promptly assassinated by one of his sons Thihathu of Prome . Aftermath . The 250 - year - old Pagan Empire now disintegrated . The kingdom was fractured into several small power centers as the Mongols did not fill the power vacuum in the searing Irrawaddy valley . The Mongol army instead stayed farther north in Tagaung ( present - day northern Mandalay Region ) . In central Burma , another son of Narathihapate , Kyawswa , was installed as king by dowager queen Saw . But Kyawswa controlled only the immediate surrounding area of Pagan . Even in central Burma , the real power rested with three Pagan military commanders who through their small but well - disciplined army controlled the Kyaukse district , the most important granary of Pagan . Kyawswa had no choice but to recognize them as lords of Kyaukse . The brothers increasingly acted like sovereigns . Nearly ten years after the fall of Pagan , Kyawswa decided to became a Mongol vassal in January 1297 . He received official Mongol recognition as the ruler of Burma in March 1298 . Unsatisfied with their reduced status , the brothers dethroned Kyawswa in December 1298 , and founded the Myinsaing Kingdom , officially ending the Pagan Kingdom . The Mongol army ' s effort to install their new nominee , one of Kyawswa ' s sons , to the Pagan throne in 1301 was unsuccessful . Two years later , in 1303 , the Yuan court decided to withdraw completely from Upper Burma , and the Mongol army left Tagaung .