naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gustav Lachmann Gustav Victor Lachmann ( 3 February 1896 - 30 May 1966 ) was a German aeronautical engineer who spent most of his professional life working for the British company of Handley Page . Lachmann was born in Dresden , Germany , in 1896 , the younger son of Gustav Anton Lachmann , an Austrian industrialist , and his wife , Leopoldine Wilvonseder . He served as a lieutenant in the German Army cavalry during World War I before transferring to the flying corps in 1917 and training as a pilot . During flight training he stalled and crashed , breaking his jaw . While hospitalised he turned his mind to the cause of his crash . He concluded that a series of small aerofoils contained within a normal wing section would possess improved low - speed characteristics . He rigged up a primitive flow - visualiation rig using a fan and cigarette smoke to confirm his ideas . He attempted to patent the principle , but the application was initially rejected by the German Patent Office on the basis that there was no proof that it would work . Lachman gave up the idea and enrolled at Darmstadt Technical University for a course in mechanical engineering and aerodynamics . He graduated in June 1921 and took a job with the Opel factory . By chance he read an account of Frederick Handley Page ' s public demonstration of leading - edge slots given at Cricklewood on 21 October 1921 . This encouraged him to renew his patent application . He borrowed DM 1000 from his mother to pay for wind - tunnel tests to be undertaken by Ludwig Prandtl at Göttingen University and the patent was retrospectively granted as DE 347884 . This gave his patent priority over those of Handley Page but a meeting between the two men settled the matter to mutual advantage , the patent rights being shared , and Lachmann being hired as a consultant by Handley Page Ltd . In 1923 his doctoral thesis " The slotted wing and its importance for aviation " was accepted by Aachen Technical University . He then spent time as a designer at the Schneider aircraft works in Berlin before becoming chief designer at the Albatros aircraft works at Johannisthal in 1925 where he designed the Albatros L 72 and the twin - engined Albatros L 73 eight - passenger transport . In 1926 Lachmann resigned from Albatros to join the Ishikawajima Aircraft Works in Tokyo as a technical adviser . He left Ishikawajima in 1929 to take a job with Handley Page in the United Kingdom as engineer in charge of slot development . In 1932 he was appointed chief designer , designing the H . P 54 Harrow and Hampden aircraft . In 1936 he was appointed to set up a special research department to work on a tailless aircraft design , the Handley Page H . P . 75 . Lachmann was regarded with suspicion by MI5 as a possible spy . On the outbreak of World War II Lachmann was sent to Quebec on the " Duchess of York " as an enemy alien and also interned on the Isle of Man , but after pressure from his employers he was eventually permitted by the authorities to continue his work for Handley - Page in Lingfield Prison . He stayed with Handley - Page for the remainder of his career . He died in Chorleywood , Hertfordshire , in 1966 .
AGM - 123 Skipper II AGM - 123 Skipper II is a short - range laser - guided missile developed by the U . S . Navy . Overview . The Skipper is a short range missile intended for precision strikes . It is composed of a Mark 83 bomb , fitted with a Paveway kit , and an attached rocket propulsion system to allow it to be dropped at greater distances from the target . Tandem mounted Mk 78 solid propellant rockets which both fire simultaneously on launch provide propulsion . The increased range of the weapon compared to a free - fall bomb gives the delivery aircraft a degree of protection from surface - to - air - missiles and anti - aircraft artillery in the vicinity of the target . The Skipper was intended as an anti - ship weapon , capable of disabling the largest vessels due to the powerful 1000 lb ( 450 kg ) impact fuze d warhead of the Mk 83 bomb . It could be carried by the A - 6E Intruder , A - 7 Corsair II , and F / A - 18 . The AGM - 123 was developed at the China Lake Naval Weapons Center .
Ivers S . Calkin First Sergeant Ivers S . Calkin ( May 29 , 1836 to February 16 , 1902 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Calkin received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek in Virginia on 6 April 1865 . He was honored with the award on 3 May 1865 . Biography . Calkin was born in Elizabethtown , New York on 29 May 1836 and enlisted into the 2nd New York Cavalry . He died on 16 February 1902 and his remains are interred at the Oak Grove Cemetery in Michigan .
An Army at Dawn : The War in North Africa 1942 – 1943 An Army at Dawn : The War in North Africa 1942 – 1943 is a Pulitzer Prize - winning book written in 2002 by long - time " Washington Post " correspondent Rick Atkinson . The book is a history of the North African Campaign , particularly focused on the role of the United States military . The book follows the early planning stages of the allied invasion ( Operation Torch ) of North Africa , the landings in Casablanca , Oran , and Algiers , and finally the back and forth struggle for dominance in Tunisia . Atkinson constructs his narrative from letters , newspaper articles , and personal diaries of commanders , soldiers , and others on the ground in northern Africa . The book discusses the battlefield failings and successes of American troops and their commanders and the larger context of the burgeoning cooperation between the allied forces in World War II . In 2003 , " An Army at Dawn " received the Pulitzer Prize for History . " An Army at Dawn " is the first volume of The Liberation Trilogy . " The Day of Battle : The War in Sicily and Italy , 1943 – 1944 " , published in 2007 , is the second volume . The third and final volume , " The Guns at Last Light : The War in Western Europe , 1944 – 1945 " , was released on May 14 , 2013 .
James E . Sterling James E . Sterling ( born 1838 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Biography . Born in 1838 in Baltimore , Maryland , Sterling was still living in that city when he joined the Navy . He served during the Civil War as a coal heaver on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he helped supply ammunition to " Brooklyn " ' s guns despite being wounded , and continued at this task until receiving a second wound . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Sterling ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Brooklyn " during successful attacks against Fort Morgan , rebel gunboats and the ram " Tennessee " in Mobile Bay , on 5 August 1864 . Although wounded when heavy enemy return fire raked the decks of his ship , Sterling courageously remained at his post and continued passing shell until struck down a second time and completely disabled .
Sancho II of Portugal Sancho II ( ) , nicknamed " the Pious " ( ) and " the Caped " or " the Capuched " ( Portuguese : " o Capelo " ) , King of Portugal ( 8 September 1209 , Coimbra – 4 January 1248 , Toledo ) , was the eldest son of Afonso II of Portugal by his wife , Infanta Urraca of Castile . Sancho became king in 1223 and was succeeded by his brother , King Afonso III , in 1247 . Military career and reign . By the time of his accession to the throne , in 1223 , Portugal was embroiled in a difficult diplomatic conflict with the Catholic Church . His father , Afonso II , had been excommunicated by Pope Honorius III , for his attempts at reducing the Church ' s power within the country . A treaty of 10 articles was signed between the Pope and Sancho II , but the king paid little attention to its fulfillment . His priority was the " Reconquista " , the reconquest of the southern Iberian Peninsula from the Moors . From 1236 onwards , Sancho II conquered several cities in the Algarve and Alentejo , securing the Portuguese position in the region . Dispossession from throne . Sancho II proved a capable commander but , with regard to equally important administrative issues , he was less competent . With his total attention focused on military campaigns , the ground was open for internal disputes . The nobility was displeased by the king ' s conduct and started to conspire against him . Moreover , the middle class of merchants quarrelled frequently with the clergy , without any intervention from the king . As a result , the Archbishop of Porto made a formal complaint to the Pope about this state of affairs . Since the Church was the superpower of the 13th century , Pope Innocent IV felt free to issue a bull ordering the Portuguese to choose a new king to replace the so - called heretic . In 1246 recalcitrant nobles invited Sancho ' s brother Afonso , then living in France as Consort Count of Boulogne , to take the throne . Afonso immediately abdicated from his French possessions and marched into Portugal . Exile and death . Sancho II was removed from the throne in 1247 and fled in exile to Toledo where he died on 4 January 1248 . Marriage . Sancho married , circa 1245 , a Castilian lady , Mécia Lopes de Haro , widow of Alvaro Peres de Castro , and daughter of Lope Díaz II de Haro and Urraca Alfonso de León , an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León , but they had no legitimate sons .
Edward Burd Edward Burd ( February 5 , 1749 – July 24 , 1833 ) was a Revolutionary War officer in Pennsylvania and later a Prothonotary of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court . Life . Burd , the son of Colonel James Burd and Sarah ( Shippen ) Burd , was born February 5 , 1749 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He studied law with his uncle , Pennsylvania Chief Justice Edward Shippen , whose daughter Elizabeth he married on December 13 , 1778 . He was a member of the Berks County Bar , and had a law practice in Reading , Pennsylvania . Upon the outbreak of the Revolution , Burd volunteered and eventually rose to major in Colonel Henry Haller ' s Pennsylvania Battalion of the Flying Camp . During the Battle of Long Island ( 1776 ) , Burd was in command of an American pickets stationed at the Red Lion Inn , in the early morning hours of August 27 , 1776 after an initial exchange of gunfire with British advance troops , he was taken prisoner along with 16 other Americans under his command . After his release , ill health prevented him from reentering military service , and he returned to his legal practice in Reading . He was appointed as Prothonotary of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on September 1 , 1778 and served with great distinction until his resignation December 29 , 1805 . From 1790 - 1791 , Burd served as a trustee of The Academy and College of Philadelphia , which became the University of Pennsylvania in 1791 . He continued as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania from 1791 until his death . In 1820 , Burd sat for a portrait by Charles Willson Peale . Peale gave the portrait as a wedding present to Burd ' s niece , Eliza Burd Patterson , who was married in March 1820 to Peale ' s son , Rubens Peale . It was exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1822 and hung for a time at Peale ' s Museum , New York . Ormiston . Burd built a house in Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River , which he named " Ormiston , " after the birthplace of his father . Death . Edward Burd died July 24 , 1833 , in Philadelphia , where he was interred in Christ Church Burial Ground .
Soldiers and Sailors Monument ( Boston ) The Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Boston Common at Boston , in the U . S . Commonwealth of Massachusetts , was erected in memory of Massachusetts soldiers and sailors who died in the U . S . Civil War . Designed by Martin Milmore , construction began in 1874 and the monument was dedicated on September 17 , 1877 . Union Generals George B . McClellan and Joseph Hooker were among the estimated 25 , 000 people attending the dedication on Boston Common . Overview . The Soldiers and Sailors Monument is located on a rise called Flag Staff Hill . The monument is neoclassical in design , taking the form of a victory column carved of Hallowell white granite . The monument rises to a height of 126 feet . The platform is 38 feet square and features four bas - relief bronze tablets . The first tablet is titled " The Departure for the War , " and depicts a regiment marching by the Massachusetts State House . The second bas - relief tablet depicts the medical care on the battlefield and is titled " The Sanitary Commission . " The third tablet depicts Union sailors in an engagement between a Federal man - of - war and a Confederate ironclad likely the " CSS Virginia . " The fourth tablet , entitled " The Return from the War " shows a regiment of veterans marching by the State House to present their battle flags to Governor John Albion Andrew . Above the bas - relief tablets at the base of the column are four 8 foot high carved granite figures representing the northern , southern , eastern and western sections of the reunited nation . Bronze statues that formerly stood on the monument ' s corners representing peace , history , the army and the navy have been placed in storage to prevent further deterioration and vandalism . Surmounting the doric column is a bronze allegorical female figure titled . She is crowned by thirteen stars , and in her left hand holds the United States flag , in her right hand she holds a laurel wreath and sword . Inscription . The base bears the following inscription :
USS Zirkel ( ID - 3407 ) USS " Zirkel " ( ID - 3407 ) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . SS " Zirkel " was built in 1918 at Oakland , California , for the United States Shipping Board by the Moore Shipbuilding Company . The U . S . Navy acquired her on 27 September 1918 for World War I service with the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , assigned her Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 3407 , and commissioned her the same day as USS " Zirkel " ( Id . No . 3407 ) at San Francisco , California , with Lieutenant Commander David R . Williams , USNRF , in command . " Zirkel " got underway for the Gulf of Mexico with a cargo of nitrate s . Steaming via the Panama Canal , she arrived at New Orleans , Louisiana , on 30 January 1919 and unloaded her cargo . Following repairs to her turbines , " Zirkel " filled her holds with cotton , coffee , and steel and put to sea on 6 February 1919 . After a 21 - day voyage , she entered port at Liverpool , England , and began unloading her cargo . " Zirkel " then took on about 800 tons of iron ore and headed back to the United States on 13 March 1919 . On 29 March 1919 , the freighter arrived in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and , after unloading , began preparations for demobilization . On 3 May 1919 , " Zirkel " was decommissioned and was returned to the custody of the United States Shipping Board , once again becoming SS " Zirkel " . The Shipping Board retained her until she was scrapped at Baltimore , Maryland , in 1929 .
Crash rescue boat Crash Rescue Boat is a name used in the USA to describe military high - speed offshore rescue boats , similar in size and performance to Motor Torpedo Boat s , used to rescue pilots and aircrews of crashed aircraft . During World War II these rescue boats , armed with light anti - aircraft guns for self - defense , saw extensive services with the British Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces . UK . From its inception the RAF had seaplane tenders that were used for rescues , but these were really only designed for refueling and rearming the seaplanes in service with the RAF . Development of a purpose - built boat for rescue began in 1932 with the 200 Class seaplane tenders , followed by the 100 Class ASR ( Air Sea Rescue ) boats which entered service in 1940 . Perhaps the best known 100 Class boats were the British Power Boat Company Type Two 63 ft HSL , also known as the ' Whaleback ' after their distinctive design . Even after the introduction of rescue helicopter s such as the Westland Dragonfly in 1953 the RAF continued to operate a fleet of Rescue / Target Towing Launches , the last of which were not retired until 1986 . USA . The USAAF used 140 such 85 - foot vessels in WWII , designed by Dair N Long in 1944 . The last of these boats has been restored by the AAF / USAF Crash Rescue Boat Association , a non - profit organization with the goal to preserve it for future generations . It is now owned by the West Coast Crash Rescue Boat Association . These boats were also used during the Korean War , but were superseded by other boats , PBY Catalina s and other aircraft such as the 1946 purpose - built Sikorsky S - 51 ( civilian ) / H - 5 ( USAAF ) / H03S ( USN ) helicopters .
Reinhard Treptow " Offizierstellvertreter " Reinhard Treptow ( born 28 November 1892 , date of death unknown ) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victory . Biography . Reinhard Treptow was born in Leikow on 28 November 1892 . He joined the German Army ' s 2nd Field Artillery Regiment on 13 October 1913 , before World War I began . He reported for aviation training in 1915 , and was posted to " Fliegerersatz - Abteilung " ( Replacement Detachment ) 5 in Hannover , Germany . Training completed , he passed on to " Flieger - Abteilung ( Artillerie ) " Flier Detachment ( Artillery ) 207 on 25 October 1915 . He flew artillery direction and reconnaissance missions there until March 1917 . He was then transferred to a fighter squadron , " Jagdstaffel 25 " , which was stationed in Macedonia .
Joint Task Force Gold Joint Task Force ( JTF ) Gold was the Australian Defence Force unit formed to provide security and general support for the 2000 Summer Olympics which was held in Sydney , Australia . JTF Gold had a strength of over 4000 personnel drawn from all three services and was commanded by Brigadier Gary Byles . The JTF consisted of several unit sized elements , each responsible for specific security or general support .
USS Vindicator ( 1863 ) USS " Vindicator " ( 1863 ) was a 750 - ton steamer acquired by the U . S . Navy and put to use by the Union during the American Civil War . " Vindicator " served the Union Navy primarily as a ram on the Mississippi River and its tributaries as part of the Union effort to control the Mississippi River and , essentially , divide the Confederate States of America in half . " Vindicator " was also equipped by the Navy as a gunship with a number of powerful guns installed on board . Acquired by the Union in Indiana in 1863 . " Vindicator " — originally acquired by the Federal Government in 1863 at New Albany , Indiana , for use by the Union Army during the American Civil War — was transferred to the Union Navy in 1864 ; and commissioned on 24 May , Lt . Comdr . Thomas O . Selfridge in command . Civil War operations . Reworked as a ram gunboat . Shortly after her transfer from the Army , " Vindicator " was reworked at Mound City , Illinois , for use as a ram in the Mississippi Squadron . She was assigned Command to the 5th District of the squadron on 4 July and deployed off Natchez , Mississippi , later that month . While off Natchez , " Vindicator " and her squadron performed patrol and reconnaissance duties , and the mere presence and vigilance of the formidable Union gunboats there were credited with preventing a planned Confederate crossing of the river on 22 August . Yazoo River expedition . " Vindicator " was transferred to the 6th District of the Mississippi River for duty in early November . During an expedition up the Yazoo River , " Vindicator " and the stern - wheeler " Prairie Bird " transported and covered Union cavalry forces in an attack on Confederate communications in western Mississippi on the 27th . The Federals destroyed the railroad bridge over the Big Black River and tore up tracks for a distance of 30 miles around . Major General Napoleon J . T . Dana praised the performance of the two gunboats , saying : Pursuit of CSS William H . Webb . Vindicator remained in the 6th District for the duration of the war and conducted a spirited , though unsuccessful , pursuit of the ram " William H . Webb " off the mouth of the Red River in Mississippi on 23 and 24 April 1865 . During the chase , Acting Master D . P . Slattery of Vindicator stoked his boilers to near bursting point , commenting that " Vindicator " was withdrawn from service soon thereafter and laid up at Mound City , Illinois , where she was partially dismantled in July . Post - war decommissioning and subsequent career . She was sold at public auction at Mound City to W . L . Hambleton on 29 November ; redocumented " New Orleans " on 27 February 1866 ; and dropped from documentation in 1869 .
David Fraser ( soldier ) David Fraser is a major - general of the Canadian Forces . He was the commander of the Multinational Brigade for Regional Command South in Afghanistan ' s southern provinces in 2006 . He took over from US General Karl Eikenberry on February 28 , 2006 , and served in that capacity until October of the same year .
James Wood ( New York state senator ) James Wood ( April 4 , 1820 Alstead , Cheshire County , New Hampshire – February 25 , 1892 Dansville , Livingston County , New York ) was an American lawyer , Union Army general and politician from New York . Life . The family removed to New York in 1824 , and eventually settled in Lima , in Livingston County , in 1829 . He attended the district schools and Genesee Wesleyan Seminary , and graduated from Union College in 1842 . Then he studied law with John Young , was admitted to the bar in 1843 , and commenced practiced in Geneseo in partnership with Young who was elected Governor of New York in 1846 . Wood was District Attorney of Livingston County from 1854 to 1856 . He had long been active in the militia , and was appointed a brigadier general in 1855 . During the American Civil War he became colonel of the 136th Regiment , and commanded it at the battles of Chancellorsville , Gettysburg , Lookout Mountain , Missionary Ridge , Resaca , Dallas , Atlanta , Sherman ' s March to the Sea and Bentonville . He was brevetted a major general of volunteers . Afterwards he resumed the practice of law at Geneseo . He was a member of the New York State Senate ( 30th D . ) from 1870 to 1873 , sitting in the 93rd , 94th , 95th and 96th New York State Legislature s . He was buried at the Temple Hill Cemetery in Geneseo .