naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Heraclius ' campaign of 622 The Heraclius ' campaign of 622 , erroneously also known as the Battle of Issus , was a major campaign in the Byzantine – Sassanid War of 602 – 628 by emperor Heraclius that culminated in a crushing Byzantine victory in Anatolia . In 622 , the Byzantine emperor Heraclius , was ready to mount a counter - offensive against the Sassanid Persians who had overrun most of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire . He left Constantinople the day after celebrating Easter on Sunday , 4 April 622 . His young son , Heraclius Constantine , was left behind as regent under the charge of Patriarch Sergius and the patrician Bonus . In order to threaten both the Persian forces in Anatolia and Syria , his first move was to sail from Constantinople to Pylae in Bithynia ( not in Cilicia ) . He spent the summer training so as to improve the skills of his men and his own generalship . In the autumn , Heraclius threatened the Persian communications to Anatolia from the Euphrates valley by marching to northern Cappadocia . This forced the Persian forces in Anatolia under Shahrbaraz to retreat from the front - lines of Bithynia and Galatia to eastern Anatolia in order to block his access to Persia . What followed next is not entirely clear , but Heraclius certainly won a crushing victory over Shahrbaraz somewhere in Cappadocia . The key factor was Heraclius ' discovery of hidden Persian forces in ambush and responding to this ambush by feigning retreat during the battle . The Persians left their cover to chase the Byzantines , whereupon Heraclius ' elite " Optimatoi " assaulted the chasing Persians , causing them to flee . Thus , he saved Anatolia from the Persians . However , Heraclius had to return to Constantinople to deal with the threat posed to his Balkan domains by the Avars , and left his army to winter in Pontus .
Department of Film ( Nazi Germany ) The Department of Film was one of five departments that comprised the Central Party Propaganda Office of the NSDAP , established by Adolf Hitler in 1933 as part of the " Reichspropagandaleitung " . The Central Party Propaganda Office was separate from the official government Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , although both groups were run by Joseph Goebbels . Goebbels was named " Reichspropagandaleiter " and given total control of Germany ' s press and film " for the spreading of the National Socialist world view to the entire German people " . The Department ' s main duty was organizing film shows " suitable for public enlightenment and education " . The head of the Department of Film ( called the " Reichsamtsleiter " ) was Karl Neumann . Film was one of the most important forms of propaganda in Nazi Germany because it was easily attained by all people . Hitler himself declared it superior to the written word , which required " arduous reading " to understand . The importance of film propaganda is underscored by the fact that 45 million people attended the film shows put on by the NSDAP . Reichsamtsleiter Neumann declared that the goal of the Department of Film was not directly political in nature , but was rather to influence the culture , education , and entertainment of the general population . The strong emphasis the Nazi Party placed on film was also influenced by the personal feelings of Hitler and Goebbels , both of whom were fascinated by the medium . Both men regularly showed films in their homes and often discussed movies and moviemaking . The Department of Film consisted of seven distinct offices , each of which oversaw a specific area related to Germany ' s film propaganda : The Office of Slides was actually a separate body , known as the Gaubildstelle , which was under the supervision of the Department of Film . The Gaubildstelle archived all slides and images of important events , which were then organized and screened by the Department of Film . The Department selected and screened films that focused on " the virtues of the Aryan type , German military and industrial strength , and the evils of the Nazi ' s enemies " . Often these propaganda films focused on Germany ’ s enemies , particularly to foster anti - British sentiment among the public . The Film Office provided local groups with films , while the leader of the local group was responsible for all preparations . The Department produced few films before 1939 , when Neumann pushed for a greater output . The precise number of films produced during the reign of the Third Reich has been lost , but scholars estimate that between 1150 and 1350 feature films were made . One example of film created and endorsed by the Department for Film was The Eternal Jew .
USS Shakamaxon ( AN - 88 ) USS " Passaconaway " ( YN - 114 / AN - 86 ) – sometimes called USS " Skakamaxon " - - was a " Cohoes " - class net laying ship which was assigned to protect U . S . Navy ships and harbors during World War II with her anti - submarine nets . Her World War II career was short due to the war coming to an end , but , post - war , she continued salvage operations , including those at Bikini Atoll , before being struck by the Navy in 1947 . Construction . " Shakamaxon " ( AN - 88 ) was laid down on 30 June 1944 by the Leathern D . Smith Shipbuilding Co . , of Sturgeon Bay , Wisconsin ; launched on 9 September 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Theodore E . Layman ; and commissioned on 5 April 1945 . World War II service . " Shakamaxon " completed fitting out at the Boston Navy Yard , then conducted shakedown off the New England coast before commencing post - shakedown availability at Boston , Massachusetts . The auxiliary net - laying ship was assigned to the U . S . Pacific Fleet for duty in July 1945 . Post - war service . By March 1946 , she was at Guam in the Mariana Islands and , from there , moved to Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands for Operation Crossroads , the atomic bomb tests . She remained at Bikini from 25 May until 23 July , when she put to sea . " Shakamaxon " arrived at Kwajalein on 28 August and stayed until early September . She put to sea again for a time and then made for Guam on 13 September . She made a trip to Tinian on that date and returned to Guam , where she remained until 14 October . " Shakamaxon " arrived in Pearl Harbor on 29 October and did not depart until 16 January 1947 . Inactivation . From there , she voyaged to San Diego , California , for inactivation overhaul . On 21 April 1947 , the auxiliary net - laying ship entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at San Diego . She remained out of commission , in reserve , until 1 July 1963 when her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register and transferred to the U . S . Maritime Administration for lay - up . Transfer to the Department of the Interior . She was reacquired in 1968 and transferred to the U . S . Department of Interior , for which she served as a cargo carrier in Micronesia . Her ultimate fate is unknown .
Brigade major In the British Army , a brigade major was the chief of staff of a brigade . He held the rank of major and was head of the brigade ' s " G - Operations and Intelligence " section directly , and oversaw the two other branches , " A - Administration " and " Q - Quartermaster " . Intentionally ranked lower than the lieutenant - colonels commanding the brigade ' s combat battalions , his role was to expand on , detail and execute the intentions of the commanding brigadier . In 1913 , staff captains of artillery in the British Army were re - styled as brigade majors to bring them into line with cavalry and infantry practice . The title is however no longer used except in the Household Division and in divisional - level artillery headquarters . During the Great War , the brigade major was reportedly " a key personality who affected the health and happiness of the battalions , " as he would be in most frequent contact with the front - line troops and held responsibility for the planning of brigade operations . Many brigade majors held the rank of captain , e . g . , the future prime minister Anthony Eden , who was a brigade major at the age of twenty - one . The practice of using brigade majors has continued in some Commonwealth armies such as those of India . The position was a standard fixture in the Canadian Army until c . 1984 , when the brigade G - 3 replaced it , in line with other NATO nations . See also . Staff ( military )
Andrew P . O ' Meara Andrew Pick O ' Meara ( March 23 , 1907 – September 30 , 2005 ) was a United States Army four - star general who served as Commander - in - Chief , United States Southern Command ( USCINCSO ) from 1961 to 1965 ; and Commander - in - Chief , U . S . Army Europe / Commander , Central Army Group ( CINCUSAREUR / COMCENTAG ) from 1965 to 1967 . Military career . O ' Meara was born on March 23 , 1907 in West Bend , Wisconsin . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1930 and was commissioned in the field artillery . He began his career in the horse artillery with the 4th Field Artillery from 1931 to 1934 . Other early assignments included teaching physics at West Point and various staff assignments . He married the former Ellen Fraser ( 1906 – 1995 ) in 1933 . O ' Meara served as a battery commander in the 4th Armored Division in 1941 , and in 1942 took command of the 94th Field Artillery Battalion . By the end of World War II he was the Assistant Artillery Commander of VII Corps . Following the war , he attended the Command and General Staff College in 1946 , and the National War College from 1951 to 1952 . During the Korean War he was the artillery commander for the 7th Infantry Division , and later the artillery commander for IX Corps . Promoted to Brigadier General in 1952 , he earned the Silver Star in 1953 for reconnaissance near Kumhwa . He spent the years after Korea working in research and development for the army , first with the Research & Development Division of the Army General Staff , then as Deputy Chief of Research & Development for the U . S . Army from 1955 to 1957 . He then took command of the 4th Armored Division in 1957 . From 1959 to 1961 , he was assigned to France as director of military assistance for the United States European Command followed by command of the United States Southern Command and U . S . Army Europe . O ' Meara was an avid squash player , and during his tenure at both SOUTHCOM and U . S . Army Europe ordered the installation of squash courts at bases under his command . Decorations . O ' Meara ' s awards and decorations included the Army Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Silver Star , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star , and the Air Medal . Post - military . O ' Meara retired from the Army in 1967 , settling in the Washington , D . C . area . He died on September 30 , 2005 of a stroke at the age of 98 in Arlington , Virginia and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery . He was preceded in death by his wife and a daughter , and survived by a son and a daughter , 13 grandchildren and 26 great - grandchildren .
Russian submarine Severodvinsk K - 329 Severodvinsk is a Yasen - class nuclear attack submarine of the Russian Navy . The construction of the submarine started in 1993 and was first planned to be launched in 1998 . However budgetary problems delayed the construction for years , and she was only launched on 15 June 2010 . " Severodvinsk " began sea trials on 12 September 2011 . The submarine returned from her first voyage by 6 October 2011 . The submarine is expected to begin operational service with the Russian Navy by the end of 2011 . The Russian Navy plans to have two Yasen - class submarines in service by 2015 . " Severodvinsk " s torpedo - launching systems have been fitted behind the compartment of the central station . Trials . On 7 November 2012 , the boat ( while submerged ) successfully launched a Caliber cruise missile ( anti - ship version ) at a sea target in the White Sea . Later that same month the submarine successfully test fired two additional ( land attack ) cruise missiles . The first land attack SLCM was launched on 26 November 2012 from a surfaced position and a second two days later from a submerged position . K - 329 " Severodvinsk " spent some 100 days at sea from September 2011 to October 2012 . During trials some 2000 defects were reportedly discovered with problems concerning the submarines acoustic performance , nuclear reactor output and some weapon systems ( torpedoes ) being highlighted by the media . The submarine will be at sea until 25 November 2012 and if she meets the navy ' s requirements , she will be put into active service . On 28 November 2012 it again launched caliber cruise but this time from submerged position . Later it was reported that an officer in the state acceptance board said that " First trial round was held in October 2011 which revealed hundreds of failures and defects , and manufacturing shipyard Sevmash promised to eliminate them in the shortest possible period . But the number of defects at present is even larger " . As for naval mariners , main problem is cruise missiles Caliber , the sub ' s basic attack weapon . According to trials program , the submarine performed three test launches , including those from underwater position and at moving sea targets . One underwater launch failed . Now the Navy command and United Shipbuilding Corporation are facing the problem whether to redesign the sub and repeat state trials or deliver her to the Navy and eliminate defects while in service . Project 855 subs have been in batch production for 13 years now , and that ' s a good time to make a decision " , said the naval officer . He added that the board was inclined to elimination of serious problems and fastest commission of the sub into the Navy . In this case , Severodvinsk would be put in service in the first half of 2013 or even by the coming New Year holidays . On the other hand , third state trials would shift the sub ' s commissioning to the second half of 2013 or even later .
563rd Volksgrenadier Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 563rd Volksgrenadier Division was a volksgrenadier division of the Heer ( German Army ) during the Second World War , active from 1944 to 1945 . The division was formed in October 1944 in Norway , by redesignating the 563rd Grenadier Division , under the command of Ferdinand Brühl . It contained the 1147th , 1148th and 1149th Grenadier Regiments , and the 1563rd Artillery Regiment . The division was caught in the Kurland Pocket , and fought there until the end of the war .
Summer – Autumn Campaign of 1941 The Summer – Autumn Campaign of 1941 from 22 June to 4 December was the name given by Soviet military command to the period that marked the commencement of Operation Barbarossa . It marked the opening phase of the Axis powers operations in USSR , and spectacular losses by the Soviet forces as they retreated to the East . Initially the fighting in Soviet historiography is divided into the Baltic Strategic Defensive Operation ( 22 June 1941 – 9 July 1941 ) , Belorussian Strategic Defensive Operation ( 22 June 1941 – 9 July 1941 ) , L ' vov - Chernovitsy Strategic Defensive Operation ( 22 June 1941 – 9 July 1941 ) , Arctic - Karelia Strategic Defensive Operation ( 29 June 1941 – 10 October 1941 ) , and Moldavian Defensive Operation ( 1 July 1941 – 26 July 1941 ) that describe the strategically significant periods of defensive fighting at the Soviet border region s . With the Axis , and notably German Wehrmacht blitzkrieg tactical successes producing strategic pincer movement s that penetrated into the strategic depth of Soviet Union , a second stage of defensive fighting period became recognised that included the Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation ( 1941 ) ( 7 July 1941 – 26 September 1941 ) , the Leningrad Strategic Defensive Operation ( 10 July 1941 – 30 September 1941 ) , the Battle of Smolensk ( 1941 ) ( 10 July 1941 – 10 September 1941 ) , and the Odessa Defensive Operation ( 5 August 1941 – 16 October 1941 ) that led to the Siege of Odessa . Deeper penetrations were achieved when renewed thrusts by the Axis troops in the south , and German troops with Finland ' s support in the north , sough to secure the strategic goal s or Leningrad , Moscow and the Caucasus that eventuated in the Crimean Defensive Operation ( 18 October 1941 – 16 November 1941 ) , the Donbass - Rostov Strategic Defensive Operation ( 29 September 1941 – 16 November 1941 ) as a precursor to the offensive into the Caucasus region , what was seen as the final offensive by OKH towards Moscow , and the Moscow Strategic Defensive Operation ( 30 September 1941 – 5 December 1941 ) , and the Tikhvin Defensive Operation ( 16 October 1941 – 18 November 1941 ) to logistically isolate Leningrad from Moscow . In the final months of 1941 as the epic Defense of Sevastopol ( 30 October 1941 – 4 July 1942 ) continued , the Red Army was however able to stage its first two strategic offensives : the Tikhvin Strategic Offensive Operation ( 10 November 1941 – 30 December 1941 ) that sought to maintain logistic communication s between Moscow and Leningrad , and the Rostov Strategic Offensive Operation ( 17 November 1941 – 2 December 1941 ) which attempted to deny Axis advance further towards the Caucasus .
French ship Saint - Esprit ( 1766 ) The Saint - Esprit ( " Holy Ghost " ) was a 80 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , lead ship of her class . She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Order of the Holy Spirit , and named in its honour . Career . She took part in the Battle of Ushant under La Motte - Picquet , and to the Armada of 1779 . She was renamed " Scipion " in April 1794 , and took part in the Bataille du 13 prairial an 2 under Huguet , where she was totally dismasted . She was wrecked on 30 January 1795 , during the Croisière du Grand Hiver . Most of her crew was rescued by " Trente - et - un Mai " .
Imperial Japanese Army Air Force Academy The was the principal officers ' training school for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force . The classrooms of the academy were located in the city of Sayama , Saitama Prefecture , northwest of Tokyo . The former airfield of the academy is now Iruma Air Base of the Japan Air Self - Defense Force .
German submarine U - 592 German submarine " U - 592 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out ten patrols , was a member of 16 wolfpack s and sank one ship of 3 , 770 GRT . The boat was sunk by depth charge s from British warships , in January 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 30 October 1940 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 568 , launched on 20 August 1941 and commissioned on 16 October under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Carl Borm . She served with the 6th U - boat Flotilla from 16 October 1941 for training and stayed with that organization for operations from 1 February 1942 . She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla on 1 July , then back to the 6th flotilla from 1 March 1943 . 1st and 2nd patrols . " U - 592 " s first patrol was preceded by a short trip from Hamburg to the German - controlled island of Helgoland , ( also known as Heligoland ) , in February 1942 . The patrol itself commenced on 3 March . She steamed up the Norwegian side of the North Sea and arrived at Bergen on 23 March . For her second foray , she covered the Norwegian and Barents Seas . 3rd patrol . Her third sortie was preceded by brief voyages from Bergen to Hamburg , then Kiel and back to Bergen . The patrol itself commenced with the boat ' s departure from the Norwegian port on 17 July 1942 . She covered vast swathes of the Norwegian Sea before putting into Skjomen fjord , ( south of Narvik ) , on 14 August . 4th patrol . " U - 592 " covered the areas toward Spitsbergen ( Svalbard ) and Iceland . 5th patrol . The boat left Skjomenfjord on 7 October 1942 . On the 14th , she scored her only success when she sank the Soviet ship " Schlors " with a mine off the western entrance to the Yugar Strait . This ship was being towed toward Belushja Bay when she sank in of water . 6th patrol . This patrol , in November and December 1942 , was relatively uneventful . The boat moved from Narvik to Bergen in mid - December . 7th patrol . " U - 592 " left Bergen on 9 March 1943 , bound for the French Atlantic coast . Moving through the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands , she entered the Atlantic Ocean and patrolled southeast of Greenland before entering St . Nazaire on 18 April . 8th and 9th patrols . These two sorties were also fairly trouble - free ; between May and November 1943 . 10th patrol and loss . The submarine had left St . Nazaire on 10 January 1944 . On the 31st , she was sunk by depth charges from ships of the 2nd Support Group - HMS " Starling " , " Wild Goose " and " Magpie " southwest of Ireland . Forty - nine men died with " U - 592 " ; there were no survivors .
J . Robert Elliott J . Robert Elliott ( 1910 – 2006 ) was an American politician and a federal judge . Elliot was born to a Methodist minister on 1 January 1910 in Gainesville , Georgia . After he graduated from Emory University in Atlanta , Georgia in 1930 , he taught school to earn money for his law degree , which he received from Emory University School of Law in 1934 . In 1936 , he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives , where he served four terms . He joined the United States Navy during World War II , serving in the Pacific . Later he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1948 and 1952 . He was appointed as federal judge by President John F . Kennedy in 1962 . He served on the bench for 38 years . In his first year on the bench , Elliott issued an order halting a civil rights demonstration led by the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr . in Albany , Georgia . He later said that the decision — subsequently overturned on appeal — was made due to a threat of violence against Rev . King and his supporters . But King biographer Taylor Branch wrote that Judge Elliott was a " strident segregationist . " In 1974 , Elliott gained notoriety for overturning the conviction of Army Lt . William Calley for killing 22 people during the 1968 My Lai massacre , a decision later overruled by the appeals court . Known for his dry wit and work ethic , in later years he became the only federal judge who worked without a clerk . Elliott was the nation ' s oldest federal district judge when he retired in 2000 . Elliot died in Columbus , Georgia , on 27 June 2006 .
HMS Weymouth ( 1804 ) HMS " Weymouth " was a 44 - gun fifth rate of the Royal Navy . She was previously the East Indiaman " Wellesley " , built in Calcutta in 1797 . She was purchased in May 1804 , and fitted out between May and August that year at the yards of Perry & Co , at Rotherhithe . Further fitting was carried out at Woolwich Dockyard in November . " Weymouth " was commissioned under the first commander , Captain Alexander Fraser , in August 1804 . The following month Captain John Draper was in command , and sailed her to India in early 1805 . She returned to Britain in 1806 and was then fitted as a storeship at Woolwich , recommissioning in September 1807 under Commander Martin White . White made two voyages to the Mediterranean , after which she was operating in the North Sea by 1809 . She passed under a succession of masters over the next few years , visiting Malta in 1817 , and the Cape Colony in 1820 . On the latter voyage , under Master Richard Turner , she transported eleven parties of British 1820 Settlers from Portsmouth to Algoa Bay . She left Portsmouth on 7 January 1820 , arrived in Table Bay on 25 April 1820 and in Algoa Bay on 15 May 1820 . She was then laid up in ordinary at Deptford in November 1821 . Between February and October 1828 she was fitted at as a convict ship and sailed to Bermuda . " Weymouth " was finally sold there for £300 on 2 July 1865 and was broken up . Legacy . At Fairbairn College , Cape Town one of the sports fields is named after HMS " Weymouth " .