naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Colombo Town Guard Colombo Town Guard was regiment attached to the Ceylon Defence Force which was the predecessor to the Sri Lanka Army prior to 1949 when the Ceylon Army was formed . It was a volunteer ( reserve ) regiment was based in Colombo . History . The Town Guard regiment was mobilized only on two occasions , these were during World War I and World War II . Primarily operating as a defensive force for Ceylon ' s then capital Colombo the regiment was made up of residents of Colombo with both British and Ceylonese Officers . Members of the regiment included many personalities who became important figures in Sri Lankan history . When formed in both 1914 and 1939 the primary task of the regiment was the defence of Colombo from enemy invasion and had the secondary task of protecting the British control over the colony . In 1915 during the Sinhalese - Moor Riots the Town Guard was called to restore public order with authorization to fire . As a result many people including rioters were killed under the Martial Law proclamations lasting 100 days . Town Guard Artillery . This was the artillery element form to support the Colombo town guard formed at the outset of World War I . This absorbed in to the Ceylon Garrison Artillery when it was formed in 1918 . Recent years . In 2006 due to the Sri Lankan Civil War the Sri Lankan Government announced a formation of a Home Guard unit made up of residents of Colombo for deployments within the city . This was not a reforming of the town guard as the new unit came under the authority of the Department of Civil Defence ( Sri Lanka ) unlike the town guard that came under the command of the army . This was the first time a home guard unit was formed within Colombo .
Siege of Danzig ( 1577 ) The Siege of the city of Danzig was a six month siege in 1577 of the city of Danzig , the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth ( today Gdańsk ) by Stephen Báthory the head of state of the Commonwealth . The siege ended in a negotiated agreement . It is formed part of the Danzig rebellion The conflict began when the city of Danzig , along with the Polish episcopate and a portion of the Polish szlachta , did not recognize the election of Bathory to the Commonwealth throne and instead supported the candidature of Emperor Maximilian . This led to a short conflict , of which the siege of Danzig was the last part . After a siege of six months , the Danzig army of 5 , 000 mercenaries , among them a Scottish regiment , was utterly defeated in a field battle on 16 December 1577 . However , since Báthory ' s armies , Commonwealth plus Hungarian and Wallachian forces , were unable to take the city itself , a compromise was reached : Báthory confirmed the city ' s special status and her Danzig law privileges granted by the earlier Polish kings . The siege was lifted in return for reparations and recognition of him as sovereign . The city recognised him as ruler of the Commonwealth and paid a large sum of 200 , 000 złoty s .
Dennistoun Burney Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney , 2nd Baronet ( 28 December 1888 – 11 November 1968 , Bermuda ) was an English aeronautical engineer , private inventor and Conservative Party politician . Burney , often called Dennis Burney , was the son Admiral of the Fleet Sir Cecil Burney Bt . He was given naval education , starting his training at HMS " Britannia " in 1903 , and joining the battleship " Exmouth " ) as a midshipman in early 1905 . In 1909 he was posted to the destroyer HMS " Crusader " , then being used for experimental anti - submarine work . In 1911 he came up with a novel seaplane design using a hydrofoil undercarriage . Further development was carried out by the Bristol and Colonial Aeroplane Company and two prototype designs , the X . 2 and X . 3 , were produced , but were not successful . On the outbreak of World War I Burney was given command of the destroyer HMS " Velox " , but shortly joined the research establishment at HMS " Vernon " . Here he developed the paravane , an anti - mine device - for which he took out a number of patents in 1916 . These were to earn him around £350 , 000 durng the course of the war through their use by foreign merchant fleets . In 1920 Burney retired from the navy with the rank of lieutenant - commander , and was promoted on the retired list to commander . He then became a consultant with Vickers and came up with a plan for civil airship development which was to be carried out by Vickers with support from the Government . This evolved into the Imperial Airship Scheme which was to result in the R100 and R101 airships : Burney became managing director of the specially formed subsidiary of Vickers that built the R100 airship , where his design team , headed by Barnes Wallis included Nevil Shute , later to become famous as a novelist . In 1929 he published a book called " The World , the Air and the Future " . In 1939 he was again joined by Nevil Shute in the development of an early air - launched gliding torpedo , the Toraplane , and the gliding bomb , Doravane . Despite much work and many trials the Toraplane could not be launched with repeatable accuracy and was finally abandoned in 1942 . Burney was Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Uxbridge from 1922 until he retired in 1929 . His private interests led him to set up a company Streamline Cars Ltd to build technically advanced aerodynamic rear - engined cars from 1930 – 1934 , that were taken up by Crossley Motors . Among other military weapons , he was the inventor of the squash - head shell ( High Explosive Squash Head shell ) and the British developer of the recoilless rifle which were known as " Burney guns " . He demonstrated the advantages of the latter by constructing a recoilless shotgun with a 1 inch bore which he was able to shoot with no discomfort from the recoil . During World War II he led development of a recoilless weapon for the British Army which entered service as Ordnance , RCL , 3 . 45 in but too late to see service during the war . He succeeded to the Baronetcy in 1929 and was in turn succeeded by his only child .
Camp Mills Camp Mills was a military installation on Long Island , New York . It was located about ten miles from the eastern boundary of New York City on the Hempstead Plains near Garden City . It was named in honor of Major General Albert L . Mills , who was awarded the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Spanish - American War . History . Initially it was established as temporary tent camp in September 1917 as a place to mobilize the 42nd Division , made up of National Guard units from various states . After the 42d left for the Western Front in France , the 41st Division followed , occupying the camp from October to November 1917 . A very large number of American soldiers shipped out to France from Camp Mills : Douglas MacArthur , Wild Bill Donovan , Joyce Kilmer and Father Duffy among them . F . Scott Fitzgerald was a soldier at Camp Mills . It was then ordered to be abandoned , but reestablished April 4 , 1918 , as a part of the Port of Embarkation at Hoboken , New Jersey for troops in transit , working as such until Armistice Day , November 11 , 1918 . It was then used as a point of debarkation for those returning from Europe . In 1919 , the camp was ordered to be abandoned and sold , although operations continued until March 31 , 1920 , when garrison troops were transferred elsewhere . In 1938 Camp Mills was incorporated into Mitchel Field as part of an Air Corps expansion . A monument to the Rainbow Division ( 42nd ) at St James Street and Rainbow Place in Garden City near the site of Camp Mills was restored and then rededicated on November 11 , 2004 .
Aérospatiale Alouette II The Aérospatiale Alouette II ( , " Lark " ) is a light helicopter originally manufactured by Sud Aviation and later Aérospatiale , both of France . The Alouette II was the first production helicopter to use a gas turbine engine instead of the conventional heavier piston powerplant . The Alouette II was mostly used for military purposes in observation , photography , air - sea rescue , liaison and training , but it has also carried anti - tank missiles and homing torpedoes . As a civilian helicopter it was used for casualty evacuation ( with two external stretcher panniers ) , crop - spraying and as a flying crane ( with a 500 kg external under - slung load ) . Design and development . Although Sud - Est ' s previous helicopter design , the SE 3120 Alouette , broke helicopter speed and distance records in July 1953 , it was too complex an aircraft to market successfully . With the records falling , the French government started showing interest , but with their financial backing , the state gave an ultimatum that within two years a helicopter had to be in production , otherwise all rotary wing activities would cease . SNCASE came up with seven turbo - engine helicopter designs : X . 310A - X . 310G . Earlier Joseph Szydlowski , the founder of Turboméca , had successfully managed to develop the Artouste , a single shaft turbine engine derived from his Orédon turbine . The X . 310G design was chosen and together with the Artouste engine was fast - tracked towards production as the SE 3130 Alouette II . The SE 3130 first flew on 12 March 1955 and within three months on 6 June a pre - production Alouette II flown by Jean Boulet set a new helicopter altitude record of 8 , 209 m ( 26 , 926 ft ) . On 13 June 1958 one SE 3130 , again flown by Boulet , re - took the record , reaching a height of 10 , 984 m ( 36 , 027 ft ) . Operational history . The Alouette II made the news on 3 July 1956 when it became the first helicopter to perform a mountain - rescue by evacuating a mountaineer who had suffered from cardiac arrest at over 4 , 000m and again on 3 January 1957 the Alouette II was called upon to rescue the crew of a crashed Sikorsky S - 58 , which was searching for missing mountaineers Jean Vincendon and François Henry on Mont Blanc . The Alouette II was awarded a domestic certificate of airworthiness on 2 May 1957 . Production started initially to fulfil orders from the French military and civilian customers . It was the first helicopter worldwide to be equipped with anti - tank munitions ( Nord SS . 11 s ) , and by the time production ended in 1975 , over 1 , 500 Alouette IIs had been built and in use in over 80 countries including 47 armed forces . It was produced under licence by Brazil , Sweden , India and in the United States . India ' s Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SA 315B Lamas , termed the ' Cheetah ' , was regularly deployed at 7 , 500 meters ( 24 , 600 ft ) to forward observation outposts and air bases of the Indian Air Force in the Himalaya s .
Ernst Mengersen Ernst Mengersen ( 30 June 1912 – 6 November 1995 ) was a German naval officer who reached the rank of " Korvettenkapitän " with the " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Military career . World War II . Mengersen commanded the , , and , and sank twelve ships , including the SS " Gairsoppa " and HMS " Broadwater " , on eleven patrols , for a total of of Allied shipping . The " Gairsoppa " carried 7 , 000 , 000 ounces of silver , which was worth £600 , 000 at the time of its sinking . Two Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross recipients served as watch officers under Mengersen ' s command . Egon - Reiner von Schlippenbach served as first watch officer on U - 101 ' s fourth patrol under Mengerson , while Karl - Heinz Marbach was Mengerson ' s second watch officer on " U - 101 " . In June 1943 Mengersen became commander of the " 20th U - boat Flotilla " based in Pillau , remaining in this position until 24 February 1945 . During the last three months of the war , Mengersen served firstly with the " 25th U - boat Flotilla " and then in April 1945 , he was selected to command the new " 15th U - boat Flotilla " . Later life . Mengersen survived the war and died in Detmold , at the age of 83 .
Battle of Fontaine - Française The Battle of Fontaine - Française occurred on 5 June 1595 between the French royal forces of King Henry IV of France and troops of Spain and the Catholic League commanded by Juan Fernández de Velasco and Charles of Lorraine , Duke of Mayenne during the eighth and final war ( 1585 - 1598 ) of the French Wars of Religion . Background . In early June 1595 , Don Juan Fernández de Velasco ( governor of Milan and Constable of Castile ) crossed the Alps with an army of 12 , 000 men from Italy and Sicily . In the Bishopric of Besançon he was joined by Charles of Mayenne ( chief of the Catholic League ) . Together they moved on Dijon in order to take the city . Warned of their movements , Henry IV raced to Troyes with 3 , 000 men that he was able to gather . The battle . The battle took place on 5 June at Fontaine - Française . That morning , Henry IV accompanied his scouts . They encountered the Spanish troops by accident , and – as at the Battle of Eu the year before – Henry attacked them with light horse . Against all odds , he surprised them and forced them to retreat temporarily . After this charge , Henry decided to recruit local inhabitants ( largely peasants ) and to arm them with scythes and any metal object that might shine in the sunlight . He regrouped them on a hill with military troops , thus attempting to ruse the opposing force into believing he had a larger army . Meanwhile , Fernández de Velasco was convinced that Henry was waiting for reinforcements , and observing the troop movements from afar , came to believe that Henry ' s forces had superior numbers . He decided to retreat . Aftermath . The French royal victory marked an end to the Catholic League , although the Eighth War of Religion would not come to a complete end until the signing of the Peace of Vervins on 2 May 1598 and the Spanish ceding of captured French towns .
Minute Man National Historical Park " Not to be confused with Minuteman Missile National Historic Site . " Minute Man National Historical Park commemorates the opening battle in the American Revolutionary War . It also includes The Wayside , home in turn to three noted American authors . The National Historical Park is under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service and protects in and around the towns of Lexington , Massachusetts , Lincoln , Massachusetts , and Concord , Massachusetts . Sites . These sites include : Park visitor centers are located at the hill overlooking the North Bridge and along Battle Road . The main visitor center , on Route 2A / Battle Road , features an exciting 25 - minute multi - media show , " Road to Revolution " that gives a good introduction to the Lexington - Concord events .
Henry P . Jenks Henry Pease Jenks was born in Chicago , Illinois , on 31 May 1914 and enlisted in the United States Navy on 8 October 1940 . After undergoing Reserve Officer training , he was appointed Ensign on 6 June 1941 and reported to cruiser " Atlanta " ( CL - 51 ) , soon to be commissioned . In June 1942 , Jenks served in " Atlanta " , during the epochal Battle of Midway and later during the landings on Guadalcanal , first American amphibious operation of the war . In the great Naval Battle of Guadalcanal , 13 November 1942 , in which the Japanese move on the island was frustrated , " Atlanta " was torpedo ed in the early stages of the action and damaged severely by enemy gunfire . She survived the night , but was scuttled next day off Lunga Point . Lieutenant ( j . g . ) Jenks was killed in the battle , for which his gallant ship received the Presidential Unit Citation . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer escort USS " Jenks " ( DE - 665 ) was named in honor of Lt . ( jg ) Jenks sponsored by his mother , Mrs . M . L . Jenks .
7th Infantry Division ( Poland ) The 7th Infantry Division ( , 7 DP ) was the name of several units of the Polish Army . The original division was formed in 1918 and took part in shielding the Polish borders during the Polish - Ukrainian War . During the Polish - Bolshevik War it was commanded by Col . Szubert and reinforced to three brigades ( 13th Bde under Herman , 14th Bde under Pogórzelski and 7th Artillery Bde under Luberadzki ) . It took part in the Battle of the Niemen as part of the Polish 3rd Army . After the war the division was dispersed in several barracks in western Poland , among them in Częstochowa , Piotrków Trybunalski , Lubliniec and Łódź . Mobilized prior to the outbreak of World War II , it took fought in the Invasion of Poland during 1939 as part of the Kraków Army ' s northern wing . Dislocated on the main axis of the German panzer assault , the division was surrounded on 3 September and almost destroyed the following day in the area of Potok Złoty , in a battle with three German panzer divisions . Only several battalions managed to escape from the pocket and continued their fight separately , as part of other divisions . After the Sikorski - Mayski Agreement of 1941 , in February of the following year the 7th Division was recreated in the Soviet Union as part of the Anders Army / Polish Armed Forces in the East . Withdrawn to Persia , it was disbanded and its units were attached to the 6th Division . During the Operation Tempest , the division was recreated by the Radom - Kielce inspectorate of Armia Krajowa . Composed of two regiments ( 27th and 74th ) , it took part in heavy fights against the Germans . After central Poland had been taken over by the Soviet Army , the majority of its soldiers returned to the underground , risking arrest by the omnipotent NKVD . At the same time one of the units of the Polish People ' s Army formed under guidance of the Soviet Union received the same number ( see ) . Formed north of Lublin , it was formed of three infantry regiments and one artillery regiment . Insufficiently equipped and trained , the unit was attached to the Second Army and dispatched to the front near Rothernburg , where it stormed the Lusatian Neisse river with heavy casualties . After several days of heavy fighting on a bridgehead to the west of the river , the division was levied and withdrawn to the rear . After the war ended , the PPA 7th Infantry Division , under the control of the Second Army , was assigned to protect the Mużakowa - Kopaczów section of the western border . The divisional headquarters was stationed at Lubań , with regimental staff at Mirsk ( 33rd Infantry Regiment ) , Zgorzelec ( 35th Infantry Regiment ) , Bogatynia ( 37th Infantry Regiment ) , and Jędrzychowice ( 38th Artillery Regiment ) . Since 1947 , the sub - units became a part of Operational Group Wisła . Before being transferred from OW IV to OW V , in 1949 the division was stationed as follows : In accordance with Ordinance No . 0026 / Org . of the Minister of National Defence , on 4 September 1956 , the 7 Łużycka Infantry Division was reorganized as the 2nd Warsaw Mechanized Division . The division headquarters was at Nysa .
Risinghoe Castle Risinghoe Castle , sometimes known as Goldington Castle , is a 20 foot mound , located in the former village of Goldington , a parish in the hundred of Barford , in the county of Bedfordshire , England . The village of Goldington has now been incorporated into the town of Bedford , and the castle is now officially is located in Newnham ward . The mound is located on the north side of the river Ouse , three miles east of Bedford Castle and a mile west of Renhold Castle Details . Controversy exists over the original purpose of the earthwork , particularly whether it was actually part of a castle site . Conventional wisdom states Risinghoe Castle was a timber Motte - and - bailey castle built sometime after the Norman Invasion of 1066 . It is referred to as having been the property of Hugh de Beauchamp , the chief landowner in Goldington in 1086 . The castle is mentioned as already being old by the end of the 12th century . It was probably obtained by Warden Abbey with the grange of Risinghoe and Puttenhoe Manor , with which it was conferred on Sir John Gostwick at the Dissolution ( 1538 – 1541 ) , afterwards passing , with the rest of their property in Goldington , to John Russell , Duke of Bedford . There is no surviving physical evidence of a bailey , nor other elements of a castle , although this may be due to extensive clay extraction on the site in Victorian times . A number of authors have stated that the mound was excavated in 1943 , however no primary sources for the excavation appear to exist , and there is no mention of it in the report of the 1943 annual meeting of the Bedfordshire Natural History and Archaeological Society . An alternative version , stated by local residents , is that the mound was penetrated for the construction of an air raid shelter in 1940 and nothing was found . If the second version of events is correct , then no professional excavation has ever taken place . Beauchamp Wadmore , in his 1920 book " The Earthworks of Bedfordshire " , casts further doubts on the status as a castle site . Wadmore ’ s researches point to the mound being erected to commemorate a 9th - century victory over the Danes associated with nearby Gannock Castle . Wadmore also states that , prior to the damage of the site for clay extraction , a second smaller mound existed . However , an early Ordnance Survey map names it as a castle site . Risinghoe Castle is located on private property belonging to a local company and is not open to the public . However , the site can be viewed from a distance from the nearby road .
United States Air Force Warfare Center The United States Air Force Warfare Center ( USAFWC ) at Nellis Air Force Base , Nevada , reports directly to Air Combat Command . The Center was founded 1 September 1966 , as the U . S . Air Force Tactical Fighter Weapons Center . It was renamed the U . S . Air Force Warfare Center in 2005 . Overview . The United States Air Force Warfare Center manages advanced pilot training and integrates many of the Air Force ' s test and evaluation requirements . It was established in 1966 as the USAF Tactical Fighter Weapons Center which concentrated on the development of forces and weapons systems that were specifically geared to tactical air operations in conventional ( non - nuclear ) war and contingencies . It continued to perform this mission for nearly thirty years , undergoing several name changes in the 1990s . In 1991 , the center became the USAF Fighter Weapons Center , and then the USAF Weapons and Tactics Center in 1992 . The Air Warfare Center uses the lands on Nellis Air Force Range Complex – which occupies about three million acres ( 12 , 000 km² ) of land , the largest such range in the United States , and another five - million - acre ( 20 , 000 km² ) military operating area which is shared with civilian aircraft . The center also uses Eglin AFB , FL , range , which adds even greater depth to the center ' s capabilities , providing over water and additional electronic expertise to the center . The Air Warfare Center oversees operations of the 57th Wing , the 98th Range and 99th Air Base Wings at Nellis AFB , Nevada ; the 53rd Wing at Eglin Air Force Base , Florida , and the 505th Command and Control Wing at Hurlburt Field , Florida . History . The Vietnam War had begun by the mid 1960s , and Tactical Air Command needed to improve technical and operational skills for the widening war . TAC established the Tactical Fighter Weapons Center at Nellis Air Force Base , NV in 1966 , for fighter operations . Nellis had been the " Home of the Fighter Pilot " since the Korean War days of the early 1950s , and conducted postgraduate fighter training and operational testing and evaluation of fighter weapons systems . Additionally , the Nellis range , largest in the free world , complemented the new Center ' s mission . Units assigned . Operational units assigned to the USAFWC have been : Wing Groups Squadrons