naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Kurt Andersen ( general ) Kurt Georg Heinrich Andersen ( 2 October 1898 – 9 January 2003 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Luftwaffe during World War II and a Brigadegeneral in the Bundesgrenzschutz . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Kurt Andersen was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was held until 1946 . From 1919 to 1935 he also served in the German police , reaching the rank of Hauptmann .
4th Division ( North Korea ) The 4th Infantry Division was a military formation of the Korean People ' s Army during the 20th Century . History . Activated in late 1948 , the 4th Infantry Division in the summer of 1950 consisted of the 5th , 16th , and 18th Infantry regiments , plus an artillery regiment and antitank , self - propelled gun , engineer , signal , medical , and training battalions . Each infantry regiment had three battalions , while the artillery regiment had a battalion of 122 - mm howitzers and two battalions of 76 - mm guns . The division ' s basic triangular organization strongly resembled that of an American infantry division , except for its smaller artillery contingent and its much reduced logistical apparatus . The division ' s authorized strength was 10 , 381 officers and men , with most of its fighting power concentrated in the 2 , 590 - man infantry regiments . Commanded by Maj . Gen . Lee Kwon Mu , a veteran of the Chinese Communist Forces and former NKPA chief of staff , and composed largely of ethnic Koreans who had fought in the Chinese Civil War , the division had played a major role in the capture of the South Korean capital . Its success in that campaign had won it the title of " Seoul Division . " Continuing southward , the 4th Division had rolled over Task Force Smith in early July , and it had been pushing the 24th Division backward ever since . In exchange for the ground gained , however , the 4th Division had suffered severely . By the time it reached the Naktong , its strength was estimated by the Eighth Army Intelligence Section to be no more than 8 , 000 men , and its artillery component had been reduced to only twelve guns . Nevertheless , the 4th Division still held the initiative and began immediate preparations to launch an assault across the river . At 0001 on August 6 , 1950 , elements of the 16th Infantry Regiment bagan crossing the Naktong in the vicinity of the Naktong Bulge on rafts constructed earlier in the day . Opposing the 4th Division was the 24th Infantry Division ' s 21st and 34th Regiments , along with the ROK 17th Infantry Regiment . Fought in the Battle of Pusan Perimeter .
Cave castle A cave castle ( ) or grotto castle ( German : " Grottenburg " ) is a residential or refuge castle that has been built into a natural cave . It falls within the category of hill castles . Unlike other types of castle ( such as water castle s ) , a cave castle can only be assaulted from the front . The castle gateway is usually located in the middle of a rock face , which makes it much more difficult to penetrate . Archaeological discoveries have revealed that caves were used as places of refuge as early as the Stone Age . The first medieval cave castles emerged in the 11th and 12th centuries . In the 14th and 15th centuries this type of castle became more widespread , especially in certain parts of France and Switzerland . Location and layout . The actual cave castle was generally built at the foot of a high rock face and at the level of one or more steep scree slopes . Cave castles are , however , quite rare in mountainous regions , for example in North Tyrol only four sites are known to date : Altfinstermünz in the Upper Inn valley , Loch near Unter - Pinswang , Lueg am Brenner and a cave castle in the Herrenhauswand near Schwendt / Kössen . In several regions in Switzerland and France , however , soft rock material provides a good basis for the construction of cave and grotto castles . There are considerably more castles of this type in Graubünden , Ticino , Valais or the Dordogne than , for example , in Bavaria or the Tyrol . The domestic buildings and stables were generally sited in the valley bottom beneath the castle , because the cave was often only accessible over steep and narrow paths . Archaeological excavations have revealed the relatively high standard of living in several cave castles , other sites may only have been inhabited part of the time and guarded mountain passes or important road links . Most cave castles , for similar reasons , had no bergfried or other towers . One exception is Loch Castle near Eichhofen in Bavaria , that has an imposing , round bergfried in front of it . In many cases , the cave or grotto was simply sealed by a frontal wall and divided internally by stone or wooden partition walls . Several castles were , however , later turned into representative seats and expanded accordingly , for example Stein Castle and Predjama Castle . From an engineering perspective the cave castle is closely related to the rock castle ; here , too , natural or artificially widened rock openings were incorporated into the structure . In Central Europe , many such rock castles have been preserved in the sandstone regions of south and central Germany or Bohemia , including those in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains , the Palatinate Forest and in the Haßberge Hills . Cave castles and grotto castles . In the technical literature a distinction is made between cave and grotto castles . In the case of the latter , an entire castle was built in front of or within a natural grotto ( e . g . Predjama ) , whilst in the case of a cave castle , the cave was only closed off with a front wall and divided internally by wooden or stone walls . In popular usage , both terms are used more or less interchangeably .
USS West Gambo ( ID - 3220 ) USS " West Gambo " ( ID - 3220 ) was a steel - hulled , single - screw cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . Construction acquisition , and commissioning . SS " West Gambo " was built under a United States Shipping Board contract in 1918 Seattle , Washington , by the Skinner and Eddy Corporation . She was launched on 4 July 1918 and acquired by the U . S . Navy on 20 July 1918 for World War I service , assigned the naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 3220 , and commissioned the same day as USS " West Gambo " with Lieutenant Commander H . E . Knight , USNRF , in command . United States Navy service . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " West Gambo " departed Seattle on 30 July 1918 bound for Port Costa , California , where she loaded a full cargo of flour consigned to the American Red Cross . After transiting the Panama Canal , she arrived at New York City on 31 August 1918 . " West Gambo " departed New York in convoy for Russia with her cargo of flour on 18 September 1918 and reached Archangel in North Russia on 12 October 1918 . While she was there , Archangel was suffering through an outbreak of influenza , and the hospital corpsman aboard cargo ship USS " Aniwa " ( ID - 3146 ) , also unloading at Archangel , fell ill along with other members of " Aniwa " s crew . " West Gambo " s ship ' s doctor joined the ship ' s doctor of cruiser USS " Olympia " ( Cruiser No . 6 ) in going aboard " Aniwa " and tending to her sick crew members . " West Gambo " was unloaded by 2 November 1918 , and on that day she departed for Glasgow , Scotland . After calling there , she departed for the United States . She made port at New York City on 13 December 1918 and was soon placed in line for demobilization . She was decommissioned on 17 January 1919 and transferred to the U . S . Shipping Board the same day . Later career . As SS " West Gambo " , the ship remained in the custody of the U . S . Shipping Board until sold to the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company in late 1936 or early 1937 . In 1941 , the British governments Ministry of War Transport acquired the ship for World War II service in response to the United Kingdom ' s need for merchant ships to replace ships sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic . Renamed SS " Empire Hartebeeste " , she was managed in British service by Watts , Watts and Company of London . On 20 September 1942 , while steaming as a part of Convoy SC 100 , " Empire Hartebeeste " was torpedo ed and sunk by the German submarine " U - 596 " in the North Atlantic Ocean at position . All 46 crew were rescued by and .
3rd Legion Tercio " Don Juan de Austria " The 3rd Legion Tercio " Don Juan de Austria " is a regiment of the Spanish Legion . Its headquarters are based in Viator . It has the7th Legion Bandera " Valenzuela " , and 8th Legion Bandera " Colon "
87th Air Base Wing The 87th Air Base Wing is the host wing at Joint Base McGuire - Dix - Lakehurst , New Jersey , and is physically located on McGuire , in the United States . The 87th ABW provides installation support to more than 80 mission commanders spread across at McGuire AFB ( McGuire ) , Fort Dix ( Dix ) , and Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst ( Lakehurst ) . Joint Base McGuire - Dix - Lakehurst is the Department of Defense ' s first and only tri - service joint base that consolidated Air Force , Army , and Navy installations . Base officials refer to Joint Base McGuire - Dix - Lakehurst as " JB MDL " . Operations . On 3 March 2009 , the 87th ABW activated and the 305th Air Mobility Wing made significant changes . The 305th previously provided installation support for McGuire AFB divided into two . The 305th Mission Support and Medical Groups are now the 87th Mission Support Group and 87th Medical Group under the ABW . The 305th Maintenance and Operations Groups will continue to provide a responsive , combat - ready mobility and expeditionary capability for United States . Facility and tenants . The joint base is located 18 miles southeast of Trenton , New Jersey , and is home to 80 unique DoD mission commanders providing a wide - range of combat capability . JB MDL is also home to several federal agencies offices : the Department of Homeland Security , the Department of Justice , the Department of Veterans Affairs , and the Department of Agriculture . 87th Mission Support Group . The 87th MSG will support the global mission of the 87th ABW with its expeditionary force posture . In the garrison , the group prepares the wing for deployment and sustains forward operation s . The Group provides and maintains the ABW ' s facilities , services , logistics management , contracting , force protection , fire protection , crisis action planning and response , communications , passenger and cargo movement , and personnel resource management . This includes any expeditionary locations . 87th Medical Group . The 87th MG provides medical care to military members from two major military installations and the local area health care facility in conjunction with area civilian hospitals . The 87th maintains a comprehensive medical support , with dental services and health maintenance for more than 20 , 000 military personnel , dependents and authorized beneficiaries . The 87th also deploys personnel and equipment in support of expeditionary forces . History . The 87th ABW was organized in 1952 during the Korean War as a troop carrier wing . The command served as a training unit for medium - sized airlifter s like the C - 46 Commando and C - 47 Skytrain which were used extensively in Korea and throughout the world . A consolidation of training units forced the inactivation of the 87th Troop Carrier Wing on 1 February 1953 .
Medium Atomic Demolition Munition Medium Atomic Demolition Munition ( MADM ) was a tactical nuclear weapon developed by the United States during the Cold War . They were designed to be used as nuclear land mine s and for other tactical purposes , with a relatively low explosive yield from a W45 warhead , between 1 and 15 kilotons . Each MADM weighed around 400 lb ( 181 kg ) total . They were produced between 1965 and 1986 .
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus ( consul 83 BC ) Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus ( fl . 82 BC ) was a lineal descendant and great - grandson of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus , consul 190 BC , who was victor of the Battle of Magnesia ( 189 BC ) . Scipio Asiaticus , also known as Scipio Asiagenes , was co - consul with Gaius Norbanus in 83 BC . This Asiaticus is first mentioned in 100 BC , when he took up arms with the other members of the senate against Lucius Appuleius Saturninus ( Cic . pro Rabir . Perd . 7 ) . In the Social War he was stationed with L . Acilius in the town of Aesernia , from which they escaped on the approach of Vettius Scato in the dress of slaves ( Appian , B . C . i . 41 ) . He belonged to the Marian party in Sulla ' s first civil war and Sulla ' s second civil war . He was appointed consul in 83 BC with Gaius Norbanus . In this year Lucius Cornelius Sulla returned to the Italian Peninsula , and advanced against the consuls . He defeated Norbanus in Italy , but seduced the troops of Scipio to desert their general . He was taken prisoner in his camp along with his son Lucius , but was dismissed by Sulla uninjured . He was , however , included in the proscription in the following year , 82 BC , whereupon he fled to Massilia , and passed there the remainder of his life . His daughter was married to P . Sestius ( Appian , B . C . i . 82 , 85 , 86 ; Plut . Sull . 28 , Sertor . 6 ; Liv . Epit . 85 ; Flor . iii . 21 ; Oros . v . 21 ; Cic . Phil . xii . 11 , xiii . 1 ; Cic . pro Sest . 3 ; Schol . Bob . in Sest . p . 293 , ed . Orelli ) . Cicero speaks favourably of the oratorical powers of this Scipio ( dicebat non imperite ^ Cic . Brut . 47 ) . Sources . , v . 3 , p . 746
Yakov Fedorenko Marshal of Armoured Troops Yakov Nikolayevich Fedorenko ( 1896 – 1947 ) was a Soviet general during World War II . From 1940 to 1946 he was head of the Main Armoured Directorate , rendering practical assistance in the use of armored and mechanized troops in battles against the enemy , and was representative of the Supreme Command in the Battles of Moscow , Stalingrad and Kursk and many other major operations . From 1942 until his death , he was commander of all mechanized forces of the Red Army .
8 . 8 cm SK C / 35 naval gun The 8 . 8 cm SK C / 35 was a German naval gun used in World War II . Description . The 8 . 8 cm SK C / 35 gun weighed and had an overall length of with a vertical sliding - block breech . The gun fired a projectile 88 mm in diameter , and the barrel is sometimes described as 45 caliber . A propellent charge produced muzzle velocity of with nose - fuze d high explosive and high explosive incendiary projectiles ( with or without tracer ) . Useful life expectancy was 12 , 000 effective full charge s ( EFC ) per barrel . Ammunition . Ammunition was of a fixed type with a Complete Round Weight of 33 lbs , ( 15 kg ) and a projectile length of around 14in ( 385 . 5 mm ) in length . The gun was able to fire The High Explosive ( HE ) round has a muzzle velocity of 2 , 297 fps ( 700 mps ) History . Naval guns . This was the standard deck gun mounted forward of the conning tower in Type VII boat s , although a few substituted a high - angle 8 . 8 cm SK C / 30 naval gun for anti - aircraft defense . The SK C / 35 was designed for the prototype VIIA boats of 1935 with a nominal ammunition allowance of 220 rounds . During the early war years , these guns were used to encourage surrender of independently routed merchant ships or to sink ships damaged by torpedoes . Some of these guns were later removed from U - boats for mounting aboard minesweepers and submarine chasers after unshielded deck guns proved impractical in action against Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships and escorted trade convoys .
AIDC T - CH - 1 The AIDC T - CH - 1 " Chung Hsing " was a turboprop - powered military trainer aircraft produced in Taiwan ( Republic of China ) . Development . Derived from the North American T - 28 Trojan trainer , the first T - CH - 1 prototype flew on 23 November 1973 . A second prototype flew the following year . The T - CH - 1 was a conventional , low - wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage that accommodated the student and instructor in tandem . Production of fifty aircraft for the Republic of China Air Force was spread out between March 1976 and 1981 .
John A . Hull John Adley Hull ( August 7 , 1874 – April 17 , 1944 ) was a Judge Advocate General in the U . S . Army and an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Hull was born in Bloomfield , Iowa to Civil War officer and longtime Iowa Congressman John A . T . Hull and his wife , Emma Gregory Hull . He received law degree from the University of Iowa College of Law . At the beginning of the Spanish - American War he enlisted in the Iowa National Guard and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and Judge Advocate for the U . S . Volunteers . In 1901 , he was appointed a major in the Judge Advocate General ' s Corps . He would serve as legal advisor to Governor - General of the Philippines Francis Burton Harrison from 1913 to 1921 . He married Norma Bowler King at Fort Meyers , Virginia , in 1919 . She would divorce him on May 22 , 1934 , in Reno , Nevada . In 1924 , President Calvin Coolidge nominated him to be judge advocate general of the Army with the rank of major general , a position he held until 1928 , when he retired from the Army . In 1927 , it was thought he would succeed Leonard Wood as Governor - General of the Philippines , but Coolidge instead chose past and future cabinet member Henry L . Stimson . In February 1930 , Hull served as Chief Legal Advisor to Stimson ' s successor as Governor General of the Philippines , Dwight F . Davis . He served in that position until 1932 , when President Herbert C . Hoover appointed him Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines . He resigned from the court on February 1 , 1936 . Earlier Philippine President Manuel Quezon had ruled that the Court of Appeals Act provided for only Philippine judges . He died at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington , D . C . on April 17 , 1944 .
War between Clusium and Aricia The war between Clusium and Aricia was a military conflict in central Italy in around 508 BC . Lars Porsena was king of Clusium , at that time reputed to be one of the most powerful cities of Etruria . At the behest of the exiled king of Rome , Lucius Tarquinius Superbus , Porsena had waged war against Rome . A siege of Rome ended with a peace treaty between the two cities and Porsena departed from Rome . Porsena then spilt his forces , and sent part of the Clusian army with his son Aruns to besiege the Latin city of Aricia . According to Livy , Porsena did this in order that his military expedition might not appear to have been fruitless . The Aricians sent for assistance from the Latin League , and also from the Greek city of Cumae . When support arrived , the Arician army ventured beyond the walls of the city , and the combined armies met the Clusian forces in battle . According to Livy , the Clusians initially routed the Arician forces , but the Cumaean troops allowed the Clusians to pass by , then attacked from the rear , gaining victory against the Clusians . Livy says the Clusian army was destroyed . The Clusian survivors are reported by Livy to have fled to Rome , as supplicants , and were allowed a district in the city to settle , which later became known as the Vicus Tuscus .
George Washington Emery Dorsey George Washington Emery Dorsey ( January 25 , 1842 – June 12 , 1911 ) was a Representative to the United States Congress from Nebraska . Biography . Dorsey was born in Loudoun County , Virginia and moved with his parents to Preston County , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) in 1856 . He attended private schools and Oak Hill Academy . During the American Civil War , he recruited a volunteer company and entered the Union Army in August 1861 as a first lieutenant in the 6th Regiment West Virginia Infantry . He was subsequently promoted to captain and major for meritorious service and was mustered out with the Army of the Shenandoah in August 1865 . Dorsey moved to Nebraska in 1866 and studied law . He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1869 . He engaged in banking and served as vice president of the State board of agriculture . He was chairman of the Republican State central committee and was elected as a Republican to the Forty - ninth , Fiftieth , and Fifty - first Congresses ( March 4 , 1885 – March 3 , 1891 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency ( Fifty - first Congress ) and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty - second Congress . He engaged in mining enterprises in Nevada and Utah . Dorsey died in Salt Lake City , Utah and was buried in the City Cemetery , Fremont , Dodge County , Nebraska .
HHhH HHhH is the debut novel of French author Laurent Binet . It recounts Operation " Anthropoid " , the assassination of Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich in Prague during World War II . It was awarded the 2010 Prix Goncourt du Premier Roman . The novel follows the history of the operation and the life of its protagonists – Heydrich and his assassins Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš . But it is also interlaced with the author ' s account of the process of researching and writing the book , his commentary about other literary and media treatments of the subject , and reflections about the extent to which the behavior of real people may of necessity be fictionalised in a historical novel . The title is an acronym for " Himmlers Hirn heisst Heydrich " ( " Himmler ' s brain is called Heydrich " ) , a quip about Heydrich said to have circulated in Nazi Germany . It was suggested as a title by Binet ' s publisher , Grasset , instead of the " too sci - fi " working title " Opération Anthropoïde " . The editor also requested the cut of about twenty pages criticizing Jonathan Littell ' s " Les Bienveillantes " , another novel about the SS in World War II that was awarded the " Prix Goncourt " in 2006 . " The Millions " published the " missing pages " in 2012 . " HHhH " was translated into English by Sam Taylor . It was published in the US by Farrar , Straus and Giroux on 24 April 2012 and in the UK by Harvill Secker on 3 May 2012 .
Homer Augustus Nelson Homer Augustus Nelson ( August 31 , 1829 – April 25 , 1891 ) was an American politician and soldier from the state of New York . He was an officer in the Union Army during the first part of the Civil War and a United States congressman during the latter half of the war . Nelson was born in Poughkeepsie , New York , where he was also raised and educated . He studied law and was admitted to the bar , commencing practice in Poughkeepsie . He was a judge of Dutchess County , New York from 1855 to 1862 . At the outbreak of the Civil War , he became colonel of the 159th New York Volunteer Infantry . He left in 1863 when he took his seat in the 38th United States Congress , but was unsuccessful for reelection in 1864 . Following the war , he was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1867 and the same year was elected Secretary of State of New York serving until 1871 . He was a member of the New York State Senate ( 15th D . ) in 1882 and 1883 ; and was appointed to the commission to report a revision of the judiciary article of the New York Constitution in 1890 . He died the next year in Poughkeepsie and was interred in Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery .
List of military legions This list of military legions is in chronological order where possible . In modern times , most units using the name " legion " were composed of soldiers from a specific ethnic , national , religious or ideological background , and that background is often specified in the legion ' s name .
Bill Sweetman Bill Sweetman ( born 1956 ) is a former editor for Jane ' s and currently an editor for Aviation Week group . He is a writer of more than 50 books on military aircraft . He lives in Oakdale , Minnesota . He is noted for his dogged pursuit of the Aurora project . He appeared as an Aerospace Consultant on in the Nova PBS TV program " Battle of the X - Planes " about the Joint Strike Fighter Program .