naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Nauheim The Battle of Nauheim ( also known as the Battle of the Johannisberg or Johannesberg ) was a battle of the Seven Years ' War fought near Bad Nauheim in the Landgraviate of Hessen - Kassel on 30 August 1762 . French troops under the command of Louis Joseph , Prince of Condé defeated Hanoverian and British troops under the command of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick .
USS Hannibal ( AG - 1 ) USS " Hannibal ( AG - 1 ) , a converted steamer , was built as Joseph Holland by J . Blumer & Company at Sunderland , England , in 1898 . She was purchased by the United States Navy on 16 April 1898 and renamed Hannibal " . She was commissioned on 7 June with Commander Harrison Gray Otis Colby ( USNA 1867 ) in command . During the Spanish - American War , " Hannibal " participated in the Puerto Rico Campaign . On one occasion she and three other US ships bombarded the Spanish positions at the Battle of Fajardo . The ship was awarded The Spanish Campaign Medal and her officers and men were issued the Spanish Campaign badge for 1898 service . From June 1898 - May 1908 , " Hannibal " served in the Collier Service along the Atlantic coast . After an overhaul in 1908 , she continued in the Collier Service with her base in New England for nearly three years . " Hannibal " was decommissioned on 15 August 1911 . She was recommissioned on 16 October 1911 and was assigned to the U . S . Survey Squadron to make depth soundings and surveys in preparation for the opening of the Panama Canal . Hydrographic surveys continued in the Caribbean until 1917 , including operations in Panama , Nicaragua , Honduras , and Cuba . With the advent of World War I , " Hannibal " operated with the Patrol Force of the Atlantic Fleet . After an overhaul in early 1918 , she became a tender to submarine chaser s at Plymouth , England . " Hannibal " served in English waters until December , when she sailed for the Azores via Gibraltar as a sub - chaser escort . In early 1919 , she resumed sub - tender duties , and visited England , France , and Portugal returning to the United States in August . " Hannibal " remained in reserve during which she was classified as a " miscellaneous auxiliary " in July 1920 with the hull number " AG - 1 " at Philadelphia until 9 February 1921 , when she sailed for Cuba to resume survey operations which lasted until 1930 . During the next decade " Hannibal " surveyed waters near Trinidad , Venezuela , Costa Rica , and the Panama Canal Zone . In 1933 , " Hannibal " and were the first U . S . Navy vessels to collect dynamic sounding data in which depth and oceanographic data were collected in one sounding and analyzed aboard . " Hannibal " was replaced in its work for the U . S . Navy Hydrographic Office by . During World War II , she operated out of Norfolk , Virginia in the Chesapeake Bay degaussing range . " Hannibal " was decommissioned on 20 August 1944 and was sunk as a bombing target on 1 March 1945 , in the Chesapeake Bay , just to the northwest of Smith Island , Md . After 21 years of use as a target ship , the " Hannibal " was largely obliterated . In 1966 , the Navy brought in a second target ship , the " American Mariner , " a disused Word War II Liberty ship , and sunk it next to the " Hannibal . " Although the " American Mariner " is currently the U . S . Navy ' s only active live - fire target ship in the Chesapeake Bay , by tradition it keeps the name of the original target ship on that site and is still referred to as the " Hannibal . "
PM - 63 RAK The PM - 63 RAK ( which is polish for hand held automatic commando firearm ) is a polish Machine Pistol designed by the Lucznik Arms Factory in 1950 . More than 70 . 000 PM - 63 weapons were manufactured . Description . The Polish PM - 63 RAK , that means ' hand held automatic commando firearm ' combines the characteristics of a self - loading pistol with a fully automatic submachine gun ( thus being a machine pistol ) . It is a selective - fire straight blowback - operated weapon firing from an ' open bolt ' position , with reciprocating external breech bolt , or slide . Built at the Lucznik Arms Factory in Poland , this weapon was produced from 1964 till 1974 , during which time 70 , 000 units were made , and they are still in military use today . Chambering the 9x18mm Makarov cartridge , this fantastic piece of hardware comes with the standard 15 round magzine and a larger capacity 25 round magazine . Featuring collapsible front stock and telescopic rear stock to convert from automatic pistol to submachine gun . Complete with sling and holster , this weapon is in mint condition and has full working action and can be cocked and dry - fired .
Second Fatherland War The Second Fatherland War was the term given by contemporary Russians to both the Eastern Front of World War I and the Eastern Front of World War II . Both terms attempted to link the current war with the French invasion of Russia in 1812 , which had been termed the " Fatherland War " and later the " First Fatherland War " . Both the " First Fatherland War " and the " Second Fatherland War " are used very rarely , with popular terms being " Patriotic War " ( ) and " Great Patriotic War " ( ) describing the wars against the armies of Napoleon and Hitler respectively .
Urgent Operational Requirement An Urgent Operational Requirement ( UOR ) is a system used by the British Ministry of Defence ( MOD ) to obtain urgent equipment for operations . Supplementing the MOD ' s long term planned equipment programme are Urgent Operational Requirements ( UOR ) , funded by extra Treasury money to provide the fast equipment solutions that ever - changing operations demand . Urgent Operational Requirements ( UORs ) arise from the identification of previously un - provisioned and emerging capability gaps as a result of current or imminent operations or where deliveries under existing contracts for equipment or services require accelerating due to an increased urgency to bring the capability they provided into service . These capability shortfalls are addressed by the urgent procurement of either new or additional equipment , enhancing existing capability , within a time scale that cannot be met by the normal acquisition cycle .
Joseph Quick ( Medal of Honor ) Joseph Quick ( 1877 – April 27 , 1969 ) was a United States Navy coxswain who received the Medal of Honor for rescuing his shipmate , Machinist ' s Mate Second Class Walenty Wisnieroski , from drowning on April 27 , 1902 in port in Yokohama , Japan . Biography . Joseph Quick was born in 1877 in New York City . He joined the Navy from Yokohama in 1897 and retired in 1905 . He died in 1969 and is buried in The Evergreens Cemetery in Brooklyn , New York . His grave can be found at Main Section lot 773 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coxwain , U . S . Navy . Place and date : Yokohama , Japan , April 27 , 1902 . Entered service at : New York . Birth : New York . G . O . No . : 93 , July 7 , 1902 . Citation : For heroism in rescuing Walenty Wisnieroski , Machinist Second Class , from drowning at Yokohama , Japan , 27 April 1902 , while serving on board the U . S . S . Yorktown .
Solferino order of battle The following is a complete list of units and commanders who fought in the battle of Solferino on June 24 , 1859 . French Army . Emperor Napoleon III Imperial Guard . Auguste Regnaud de Saint - Jean d ' Angély I Corps . Achille Baraguey d ' Hilliers II Corps . Patrice de MacMahon III Corps . François Certain Canrobert IV Corps . Adolphe Niel Piedmont - Sardinian Army . King Victor Emmanuel II Austrian Army . Emperor Franz Joseph First Army . Franz Graf von Wimpffen II Corps . Liechtenstein III Corps . Schwartzenberg IX Corps . Schaffgotsche X Corps . Wernhardt XI Corps . Weigl Second Army . Franz Schlik I Corps . Clam - Gallas V Corps . Stadion VII Corps . Zobel VIII Corps . Ludwig von Benedek
Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification The Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification ( DoD Discovery Metadata Specification or DDMS ) is a Net - Centric Enterprise Services ( NCES ) metadata initiative . DDMS is loosely based on the Dublin Core vocabulary . DDMS defines discovery metadata element s for resources posted to community and organizational shared spaces . It is sometimes ( incorrectly ) referred to as " DoD Discovery Metadata Standard " . The project focuses both on the process of developing a central taxonomy for metadata , and defining a way of discovering resources by their metadata using that taxonomy . The DDMS was created in support of the DoD Net - Centric Data Strategy ( dated May 9 , 2003 ) , and specifies a set of information fields that are to be used to describe any data or service asset that is made known to the DoD Enterprise . The elements in the DDMS are designed to be platform , language , and implementation - independent , and the specification is described with an XML Schema . Structure . The DDMS is designed using a layered approach , combining a Core Layer and an Extensible Layer surrounded by the DDMS Resource Header . The Core Layer is composed of five sets of element categories , each with a specific functional focus for describing a data asset : Versioning . The DDMS is currently on version 5 . 0 released on January 14 , 2013 . This is the first version to recast DDMS within the bounds of the Intelligence Community ' s " Trusted Data Format " specification . In this paradigm , the DDMS metacard is not a standalone top - level construct . Instead , it is a single assertion which decorates a Trusted Data Object , and which is incomplete on its own . DDMS 5 . 0 also replaces the Geography Markup Language ( GML ) profile for geospatial information with Time - Space Position Information v2 . 0 ( TSPI ) . DDMS 5 . 0 requires TDF V2 and associated IC specifications ( ISM V10 , NTK V8 , VIRT V1 ) . Earlier versions include : Major version releases contain changes which break backwards compatibility with earlier versions .
Wellington Foot Guards The Wellington Foot Guards were the most famous military unit of their day , having fought in every major British campaign in Europe during the Napoleonic Wars ( 1799 – 1815 ) . They served under commanders such as Sir John Moore and Wellington during the Peninsular War ( 1807 – 1814 ) to their historic and well documented confrontations at the Chateau of Hougoumont throughout the Battle of Waterloo .
149th Indiana Infantry Regiment The 149th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between March 1 and September 27 , 1865 , during the American Civil War . Service . The regiment was recruited from the 7th district , and was organized at Indianapolis , Indiana , with a strength of 1 , 041 men and mustered in on March 1 , 1865 . It left Indiana for Nashville , Tennessee on March 3 . It was then ordered to Decatur , Alabama for guard and garrison duty until late September . Whilst at Decatur , the regiment received the surrender of Generals Roddey and Polk . The regiment was mustered out at Nashville , on September 27 , 1865 . During its service the regiment incurred thirty - eight fatalities , and another twenty - seven men deserted .
315th Network Warfare Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 315th Network Warfare Squadron ( 315 NWS ) is a network warfare unit located at Fort George G . Meade , Maryland . History . Constituted 15th Radio Squadron , Mobile , on 2 February 1951 . Activated on 9 February 1951 . Inactivated on 8 May 1955 . Disbanded on 15 June 1983 . Reconstituted , and consolidated ( 1 October 1993 ) , with the 6922d Security Group , which was established , and activated , on 1 April 1970 . Redesignated 6922d Security Squadron on 1 July 1974 ; 6922d Electronic Security Squadron on 1 August 1979 . Inactivated on 15 December 1991 . Redesignated 315th Intelligence Squadron , and activated , on 1 October 1993 . Inactivated on 1 July 2001 . Redesignated 315th Information Operations Squadron on 10 May 2005 . Activated on 16 May 2005 . Redesignated 315th Network Warfare Squadron on 26 July 2007 .
Legio III Isaura Legio III " Isaura " was a " pseudocomitatensis " Roman legion , levied no later than under Diocletian , and possibly already present under Probus . As their name suggests , III " Isaura " and its twin legion II " Isaura " were guarding the Isauria territory at the time of the " Notitia Dignitatum " , to defend it from the incursions of the mountain peoples . It is possible that in the beginning they were supported by I " Isaura Sagittaria " .
RAF Chicksands RAF Chicksands was a Royal Air Force station in Bedfordshire , England , which closed in 1997 when responsibility for the camp was taken over by the British Army Intelligence Corps . Near the town of Shefford it is named after Chicksands Priory , a 12th - century Gilbertine monastery located within the perimeter of the camp . Site history . The Crown Commissioners bought the Chicksands estate on 15 April 1936 , later being rented to Gerald Bagshawe , who lived there until it was requisitioned by the Royal Navy . After nine months the RAF took over operations and established a signal intelligence collection ( SIGINT ) unit there , known as a Y Station . The site operated as a SIGINT collection site throughout the Second World War , intercepting German traffic and passing the resulting material to the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park . United States Air Force Europe . In 1950 the site was subleased to the United States Air Force serving as the base of the 6940th Radio Squadron , responsible for continued communications and SIGINT operation through the Cold War . The RAF continued to act as a host unit for the resident USAF units , including over time the 6950th United States Air Force Security Squadron , later becoming the 6950th Electronic Security Group and the 7274th Air Base Group . In 1962 , a diameter AN / FLR - 9 " Wullenweber " antenna array was constructed at Chicksands to form part of the " Iron Horse " HF direction finding network . This antenna array , dubbed the " Elephant Cage " , was dismantled in 1996 when the USAF withdrew from the site , handing it back to the British Armed Forces . During the annual airshow , on 7 July 1979 , Colonel Thomas Thompson piloting an Fairchild Republic A - 10 Thunderbolt II crashed approximately north of the site and was killed . In 1997 the Intelligence Corps assumed responsibility for the site , moving the Corps Headquarters from Ashford , Kent along with Intelligence Training . Current use . Since 1997 the site has been the home of the Defence Intelligence and Security Centre ( DISC ) and the Headquarters of the Intelligence Corps . DISC conducts training for personnel of all three arms of the British Armed Forces , members of the Civil Service and others . Courses are delivered across the range of Intelligence disciplines .
Friedrich Bogislav von Tauentzien Friedrich Bogislav von Tauentzien ( 18 April 1710 – 21 March 1791 ) was a Prussian general who served during the wars of King Frederick the Great . Tauentzien hailed from the von Tauentzien family and was born in the village of Tauentzien near Lauenburg in Farther Pomerania . He participated throughout the Silesian Wars . Tauentzien fought alongside Frederick in many of the king ' s great battles , including Mollwitz , the capture of Prague , Hohenfriedberg , and Kolin . He distinguished himself during the defense of Breslau against Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon in 1760 during the Seven Years ' War . Tauentzien married Charlotte von dem Knesebeck , with whom he had two sons and four daughters . One of his sons was Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien , a Prussian general during the Napoleonic Wars . Tauentzien died in Breslau ; his funerary monument was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans and Johann Gottfried Schadow . It was located in the middle of Breslau ' s Tauentzienplatz ( now " Plac Tadeusza Kościuszki " ) near the Schweidnitz Gate where the general had personally defended against Austrian troops in 1760 . The plaza experienced Breslau ' s densest traffic until 1945 . With the transfer of the city to Poland following World War II , the monument was leveled .
Edward Gomez Private First Class Edward Gomez ( August 10 , 1932 – September 14 , 1951 ) was a United States Marine from Omaha , Nebraska who posthumously received the Medal of Honor — the United States ' highest decoration for valor — for gallantly sacrificing his life to save the lives of four fellow - Marines on his machine gun team . PFC Gomez was the 18th Marine to receive the Medal of Honor for heroism during the Korean War . About . Gomez attended Omaha High School before enlisting in the Marine Corps Reserve on August 11 , 1949 , at the age of 17 . After recruit training at MCRD San Diego , California , he trained at Camp Pendleton , California , and went to Korea with the 7th Replacement Draft . Awards and decorations . The United States ' highest decoration for valor was awarded to Gomez for extraordinary heroism on September 14 , 1951 , at Kajon - ni , during the Battle of the Punchbowl when he smothered a hand grenade with his own body to prevent destruction of his Marine machine gun team . In addition to the Medal of Honor , PFC Gomez was awarded the Purple heart with a Gold Star in lieu of a second award , the Korean Service Medal with bronze star , and the United Nations Service Medal . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS EDWARD GOMEZ UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE for service as set forth in the following CITATION : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as an Ammunition Bearer in Company E , Second Battalion , First Marines , First Marine Division ( Reinforced ) , in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea on September 14 , 1951 . Boldly advancing with his squad in support of a group of riflemen assaulting a series of strongly fortified and bitterly defended hostile positions on Hill 749 , Private First Class Gomez consistently exposed himself to the withering barrage to keep his machine gun supplied with ammunition during the drive forward to seize the objective . As his squad deployed to meet an imminent counterattack , he voluntarily moved down an abandoned trench to search for a new location for the gun and , when a hostile grenade landed between himself and his weapon , shouted a warning to those around him as he grasped the activated charge in his hand . Determined to save his comrades , he unhesitatingly chose to sacrifice himself and , diving into the ditch with the deadly missile , absorbed the shattering violence of the explosion in his own body . By his stouthearted courage , incomparable valor and decisive spirit of self - sacrifice , Private First Class Gomez inspired the others to heroic efforts in subsequently repelling the outnumbering foe , and his valiant conduct throughout sustained and enhanced the finest traditions of the United States Naval Service . He gallantly gave his life for his country . / S / HARRY S . TRUMAN
War cycles The theory of war cycles holds that wars happen in cycle s . The cycles of war . The forerunner of the study of war cycles was Edward R Dewey , with Quincy Wright ' s monumental " A Study of War " adding impetus to the discipline . The credibility of the study of cycles was frequently questioned , as this type of inquiry attracts persons with marginal credibility and interest in paranormal issues . However , with advent of computer algorithm s minimizing the dampening effect affecting the abstracted oscillations and facilitating the detection of stochastic drift s , the study of cycles is subject to renewed interest . Comparative studies . Quantitative studies of bellicosity of the Western civilization and the Confucian civilization of the East was pioneered by Lewis Fry Richardson . Richardson ' s studies led him to the conclusion that " Confucian - Taoist - Buddhist religion of China stands out conspicuously as being either itself a pacifier , or else associated with one " and that " it seems probable that the comparative peacefulness of China prior to 1911 was the result of instruction , and in particular of Confucian instruction . " Richardson ' s findings were based on data spanning about a century . Study by Krus , Nelsen , & Webb ( 1998 ) lengthened his perspective for the wars of the Western civilization by about three centuries ( Fig . 1 ) and for the Eastern Civilization by about 17 centuries ( Fig . 2 ) . In Fig . 2 , the 220 – 618 time interval corresponds to the period in Chinese history called the " Period of Disunion " ( also called the Chinese Dark Ages or six dynasties ) , when Confucius ' teachings were abandoned . Krus " et al . " ( 1998 ) concluded that " In the Empire of China , when the Confucian philosophy was predominant , the peace lasted significantly longer than in the West . When Confucian teachings were abandoned , the frequency of warfare approximated that observed for the Western countries . " For another comparative study that specifies a mathematical model of war cycles and tests it cross - culturally and cross - historically see " Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends " . Note that this study tries to connect the war cycles with long - term trend dynamics .
Teddy Jusuf Teddy Jusuf ( born " Him Tek Ji " , ) is a retired Brigadier General of Tentara Nasional Indonesia , Indonesia ' s armed force s . He was born in Bogor , West Java , Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) to a Chinese - born father and an Indonesian - born mother . Currently Jusuf is chairman of the Chinese Indonesian Social Association ( Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia ) . Early life . Him Tek Ji was ten years old when he saw his first real soldiers at an Indonesian military camp stationed near his school in North Jakarta where he grew up . Every day , he went to watch them train and he knew one day he would be a soldier . Tek Ji attended both national and Chinese language schools as a boy and speaks Mandarin . Military career . True to his childhood dream , Him Tek Ji enrolled in the military academy when he finished secondary school . He graduated in 1965 as Lt . Teddy Jusuf . He was then suggested by the governor of the military academy who was concerned about reactions to Chinese - Indonesians joining the army . Despite enduring a lot of discrimination in his early days in the army , Jusuf rose through the ranks , becoming a brigadier general in 1983 and even serving as a senior staff member in army intelligence . Jusuf attributes his success to hard work , discipline and patience , qualities which would serve him well later in establishing the association .
Battle of Víðines The Battle of Víðines of 1208 was a conflict that took place between secular and clerical forces in early 13th century Iceland . The Catholic bishop Guðmundur Arason had defended the exclusive judicial powers of the Church over its own members , the clergy , against the secular powers of the Icelandic " goði " chieftains . In 1208 , Kolbeinn Tumason and Arnór Tumason of the Ásbirningar clan and Sigurður Ormsson of the Svínfellingar clan advanced on the see of Guðmundur Arason and his men . They wanted the bishop to give up several men in his assembly whom they claimed they had rightful business with . The bishop stood by his claim that the clergy should retain judicial power in its own affairs , and a conflict ensued at Víðines , near Hólar , the seat of the bishop . Kolbeinn Tumason died in the battle , his head bashed in with a large rock , and the clan troops dissipated . Before he died , he composed the poem " Heyr , himna smiður " ( Hear , heavenly creator " ) , which is a classic Icelandic hymn to this very day .