naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS LCI ( L ) - 1091 USS " LCI ( L ) - 1091 " is an built for the United States Navy in World War II . Like most ships of her class , she was not named and known only by her designation . Operational history . " LCI ( L ) - 1091 " was laid down at Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City , Michigan , and commissioned on 21 September 1944 . She was assigned to the Pacific Theatre and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto from 28 April to 30 June 1945 . The landing craft performed minesweeping duties in the Kōchi - Shikoku area from 8 September to 16 September , and in the Nagoya area from 28 September to 25 October . " LCI ( L ) - 1091 " was on occupation duty from 2 September to 16 December 1945 . On 28 February 1949 , she was , like all other LCIs remaining , reclassified as " LSIL - 1091 " . The ship was active during the Korean War . During this time , " LSIL - 1091 " was assigned as Laboratory Ship for Fleet Epidemic Disease Control Unit No . 1 , a part of the U . S . effort to combat malaria in Korea . From October to September 1951 , " LSIL - 1091 " was at Koje - do performing malaria testing among residents and refugees . In 1955 she was decommissioned at Astoria , Oregon . The former " LSIL - 1091 " was sold for commercial use and operated as a cannery ship for salmon on the Yukon River until 1985 . Purchased and moved to Eureka , California , she fished for albacore from 1995 until 2003 . In 2005 , she was donated to be a museum ship for the Humboldt Bay Naval Sea / Air Museum at Eureka , and is currently open to the public during restoration ( usually Fridays and Sundays , but if the flag is flying from the forward mast , visitors are welcome ) . The Humboldt Amateur Radio Club often runs a Special Event Amateur Radio station out of the original radio room . " LCI ( L ) - 1091 " received two battle star s for World War II action and received four battle stars for Korean War as " LSIL - 1091 " .
Timeline of the Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bomb s during World War II . It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada . From 1942 to 1946 , the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the US Army Corps of Engineers . The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District ; " Manhattan " gradually became the codename for the entire project . Along the way , the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart , Tube Alloys . The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939 , but grew to employ more than 130 , 000 people and cost nearly US $ 2 billion ( about $ in 2018 dollars ) . Over 90 % of the cost was for building factories and producing the fissionable material s , with less than 10 % for development and production of the weapons . Two types of atomic bomb were developed during the war . A relatively simple gun - type fission weapon was made using uranium - 235 , an isotope that makes up only 0 . 7 percent of natural uranium . Since it is chemically identical to the most common isotope , uranium - 238 , and has almost the same mass , it proved difficult to separate . Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment : electromagnetic , gaseous and thermal . Most of this work was performed at Oak Ridge , Tennessee . In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium . Reactors were constructed at Oak Ridge and Hanford , Washington , in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium . The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium . The gun - type design proved impractical to use with plutonium so a more complex implosion - type nuclear weapon was developed in a concerted design and construction effort at the project ' s principal research and design laboratory in Los Alamos , New Mexico . The following is a timeline of the Manhattan Project . It includes a number of events prior to the official formation of the Manhattan Project , and a number of events after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , until the Manhattan Project was formally replaced by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1947 .
Luitpold , Margrave of Bavaria Luitpold ( or Liutpold ) ( modern " Leopold " ) ( died 4 July 907 ) , perhaps of the Huosi family or related to the Carolingian dynasty by Liutswind , mother of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia , was the ancestor of the Luitpolding dynasty which ruled Bavaria and Carinthia until the mid - tenth century . In 893 , he was appointed margrave in the March of Carinthia and Upper Pannonia by Arnulf of Carinthia , then King of East Francia . Luitpold succeeded the deposed Margrave Engelschalk II of the Wilhelminer family ; unlike his predecessors he could extend his power unimpeded by the mighty Margrave Aribo , acquiring numerous counties in Carinthia as well as on the Danube and in the Nordgau around Regensburg from 895 on , and setting himself up as the most prominent of Bavaria ' s aristocracy . Though he thereby laid the foundations of the renewed stem duchy , it was his son Arnulf the Bad who , based on his father ' s acquisitions , first assumed the title of a Bavarian duke . As Luitpold remained a loyal supporter of the Carolingian monarch Arnulf of Carinthia and his son Louis the Child , he enjoyed their support and was entrusted with the defence at the Hungarian and Moravian borders . In 898 he fought successfully against Mojmír II , the king of Great Moravia , on behalf of the king ' s rebellious brother Svatopluk II and forced Mojmír to become a vassal of Arnulf . In 903 , Luitpold held the title of a " dux Boemanorum " , " Duke in Bohemia " . He organised the Frankish defence against the threatening Magyars under Grand Prince Árpád and on 4 July 907 was killed east of Vienna in the Battle of Pressburg . Marriage and issue . Luitpold married Cunigunde of Swabia , daughter of Berthold I , royal Count palatine in Swabia , and sister of Duke Erchanger of Swabia , a member of the Ahalolfing dynasty . After Luitpold ' s death Cunigunda married King Conrad I of Germany in 913 . Luitpold had two sons by her : From his descendants titles , Luitpold is often called a duke of Bavaria or margrave of Bavaria , the latter title being more accurate to his actual status .
Archipelago Sea Naval Command Archipelago Sea Naval Command ( , ) is a Finnish Navy unit headquartered in Pansio , Turku . Its main operating area is the Archipelago Sea . Archipelago Sea Naval Command was formed in 1998 by combining the Archipelago Sea Fleet and Turku Coastal Regiment . The main duty of the Archipelago Sea Naval Command during normal condition is the surveillance of Finnish territorial waters and maintaining territorial integrity . In addition , the Command trains conscripts to fulfil duties in the crisis - time organization of the Command . The Command is always at the state of enhanced readiness , prepared to repel unauthorized incursions to Finnish waters using force . In a crisis , securing the sea lanes for the use of Finnish commercial shipping would be the main duty of the Command . Turku Coast Battalion ' s Sea Company ( Merikomppania , MERIK ) has an NCO School with Navy and Military Police lines , as well Marine Engineer Platoon . ASNAC does not give basic training for conscripts anymore , as all Finnish Navy conscripts are initially trained at Gulf of Finland Naval Command ' s Navy Training Centre at Upinniemi before being transferred to other units for advanced training .
Battle of Yassıçemen Battle of Yassi Chemen ( Turkish : " Yassıçemen Savaşı " ) was a battle fought in Erzincan Province , Turkey in 1230 . Background . Jalal ad - Din was the last ruler of the Khwarezm Shahs . Actually the territory of the sultanate had been annexed by Mongol Empire during the reign of Jalal ad - Din ’ s father . But Jalal ad - Din continued to fight with a small army . In 1225 he retreated to Azerbaijan and founded a principality around Maragheh . Although initially he formed an alliance with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm against Mongols , he later on , for reasons unknown , changed his mind and began hostilities to Seljuks . In 1230 he furthermore conquered Ahlat , ( in what is now Bitlis Province , Turkey ) an important cultural city of the era from Ayyubid s which resulted in an alliance between Seljuks and Ayyubids . Jalal ad - Din on the other hand allied himself with Jahan Shah , the rebellious Seljuk governor of Erzurum . The battle . The battle took place in Yassıçemen a location west of Erzincan . Jalal ad - Din tried to attack before the merging of Seljuk and Ayyubid armies . But it was too late . Ayyubids had already sent a reinforcement of 10 , 000 to Seljuks . The commander of the Seljuk - Ayyubid army was the Seljuk sultan Alaaddin Keykubat I . The battle continued for three days . An able commander , Jalal ad - Din almost defeated Seljuk - Ayyubid alliance in the first day . But at the end of the three days Jalal ad - Din ’ s foces were defeated . Aftermath . This battle was Jalal ad - Din ’ s last battle . He lost his army . While escaping in disguise he was spotted and killed in 1231 . His short lived principality was conquered by the Mongols . After the death of Alaattin Keykubat , Seljuks shared the same fate in 1243 .
USS SC - 499 USS " SC - 499 " was a " SC - 497 " class submarine chaser that served in the United States Navy and later the United States Coast Guard during World War II . She was laid down as " SC - 499 " on 24 February 1941 by the Fisher Boat Works in Detroit , Michigan , and launched on 24 October 1941 . She was commissioned as USS " SC - 499 " on 18 March 1942 . She was later transferred to the Coast Guard on 20 August 1945 . Her exact fate is unknown .
List of naval weapon systems The list of naval weapon systems provides a reference for weapons mounted on surface warships , and smaller craft and submarine s found throughout the history of naval warfare . The list is sorted alpha - numerically by system service designation ( i . e . Mk 15 ) , or issue name if designation is unknown : NB : As this is an English language list , NATO codenames are used preferentially . Glossary of abbreviations at bottom .
SS Santa Rosa ( 1916 ) SS " Santa Rosa " ( later SS " Oregonian " ) was a passenger / cargo ocean liner in service for the Grace Line and later the American - Hawaiian Steamship Company . The vessel also saw military transport service during both World Wars . Built at William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company in Philadelphia , the vessel was completed in January 1917 . She was named " Santa Rosa " and entered commercial service for the Grace Line . ( Two later vessels would also carry the name " Santa Rosa " for Grace Line . ) After the United States entered World War I , the vessel was requisitioned by the US Army in August 1917 and became the USAT " Santa Rosa " . In March 1919 she was transferred to the US Navy for use as a transport and commissioned USS " Santa Rosa " ( ID - 2169 ) . In October she was returned to her owners and resumed civilian service for the Grace Line . In 1925 she was sold to the American - Hawaiian Steamship Company and renamed SS " Oregonian " . She served her new owners in Pacific inter - coastal service for 17 years . On September 13 , 1942 " Oregonian " was in the Barents Sea approximately 198 miles WNW of Bear Island as a civilian vessel in convoy PQ 18 . Although armed , the convoy was immediately overwhelmed with attacks from U - boats , torpedo planes , and bombers all launched from Nazi - occupied Norway . " Oregonian " took three aerial torpedoes to her starboard side . Immediately the ship listed to starboard , rolled over , and sank . Twenty two crew members and seven Armed Guard were killed including her Master Harold Dowling . The fourteen surviving crew members were rescued by escort ships and eventually repatriated to the US aboard . " Oregonian " s wreck is located at
USNS Relentless ( T - AGOS - 18 ) USNS " Relentless " ( T - AGOS - 18 ) was a Stalwart class Modified Tactical Auxiliary General Ocean Surveillance Ship of the United States Navy . Stalwart class ships were originally designed to collect underwater acoustical data in support of Cold war anti - submarine warfare operations in the 1980s . Ex - USNS " Relentless " is now National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research vessel NOAAS " Gordon Gunter " ( R 336 ) .
Ram Fortress The Ram Fortress is situated on a steep slope on the right bank of the River Danube , in the municipality of Veliko Gradište , Serbia . The place first finds its reference in Trajan ic times as a settlement where the cavalry units were stationed . In the year 1128 CE , it is mentioned as being in the area where the Byzantines defeated the Hungarians . Sultan Bayazid II ( 1480 – 1512 ) built the present fortifications of Ram Fortress , in the form of a regular pentagon designed to withstand cannon warfare . The side towards the land has a low wall with a wide moat in front of it . Apart from the place , where the fortress is entered , there are four corner towers . Masonry fireplace – rare in the medieval buildings of this region – are preserved in them . The interior of the fortress was demolished during the Koca rebellion in 1788 , and a caravanserai , which is built in the same way as the fortress , is found in its vicinity .
. 30 - 40 Krag The . 30 - 40 Krag ( also called . 30 U . S . , or . 30 Army ) was a cartridge developed in the early 1890s to provide the U . S . armed forces with a smokeless powder cartridge suited for use with modern small - bore repeating rifles to be selected in the 1892 small arm trials . Since the cartridge it was replacing was the . 45 - 70 Government , the round was considered " small - bore " at the time . The design selected was ultimately the Krag - Jørgensen , formally adopted as the M1892 Springfield . History and development . Though the U . S . Navy and Marine Corps had adopted limited numbers of smokeless powder , bolt - action rifles , the . 30 - 40 was the first cartridge adopted by the US Army that was designed from the outset for smokeless powder . After a brief experiment with a 230 - grain bullet loading , the . 30 Army loading was standardized in 1894 using a 220 - grain metal jacketed round nose bullet with 40 grains of nitrocellulose powder . This loading developed a maximum velocity of in the barrel of the Krag rifle , and in the barrel of the Krag carbine . The rimmed . 30 - 40 round was also known as . 30 Army , or . 30 U . S . Although the . 30 - 40 Krag was the first smokeless powder round adopted by the U . S . military , it retained the " caliber - charge " naming system of earlier black powder cartridges , i . e . a . 30 - caliber bullet propelled by of smokeless powder . The first use of a smokeless powder round by Winchester was a single shot in 30 - 40 , and it was one of only three rounds chambered for the 1895 Winchester lever action , introduced in 1896 . From the outset , the . 30 - 40 cartridge proved popular for hunting , and was chambered in a variety of firearms . In 1899 , a Krag in . 30 - 40 caliber was used to shoot the world - record Rocky Mountain elk . The record stood until the latter half of the 20th century . In October 1899 , after reviewing the experiences of the Spanish – American War , U . S . Army ordnance authorities developed a new loading for the . 30 Army used in the Krag rifle , in an attempt to match the ballistics of the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge employed by Spanish forces in that conflict . The new loading increased the muzzle velocity in the rifle version of the Krag to at 45 , 000 psi . However , once the new loading was issued , reports of cracked locking lugs on service Krags began to surface . In March 1900 the remaining stocks of this ammunition ( some 3 . 5 million rounds ) were returned to the arsenals , broken down , and reloaded back to the original specification . In 1903 , after recommendations from the infantry Small Arms Board , the U . S . Army formally adopted a higher - velocity . 30 - caliber replacement for the . 30 - 40 or . 30 Army cartridge . The new cartridge was designated by its year of adoption , the . 30 - 03 .
USS Elfin ( 1864 ) The first USS " Elfin " was a light draft gunboat acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a patrol vessel on Confederate waterways . It was purchased as " W . C . Mann " by Admiral David Dixon Porter at Cincinnati , Ohio , 23 February 1864 , and placed under the command of Acting Master A . F . Thompson . Assigned to the Mississippi Squadron . Assigned to the Mississippi Squadron , she cruised in the 7th District between Caledonia and Mound City , Illinois , for a month , then took up duty in the 9th District extending from Cairo , Illinois , to the head of the Tennessee River . Elfin destroyed in combat with Confederate shore batteries . On 4 November 1864 " Elfin " was operating with and in the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers . After a severe engagement of several hours with heavy Confederate shore batteries it was considered impossible to save the three vessels , and they were burned to prevent capture .
Confederate Monument in Danville The Confederate Monument in Danville , located between Centre College and the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Main and College Streets in Danville , Kentucky ' s McDowell Park , is a monument dedicated to the Confederate States of America that is on the National Register of Historic Places . The monument was dedicated in 1910 by the surviving veterans of the Confederacy of Boyle County , Kentucky and the Kate Morrison Breckinridge Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy . The monument consists of a granite pedestal and a marble statue resting thereon . The marble figure depicts Captain Robert D . Logan , who actually came from Lincoln County , Kentucky , but lived after the War in Boyle County . Captain Logan served under John Hunt Morgan in the 6th Kentucky Cavalry ' s Company A , and was captured after Morgan ' s Raid in Cheshire , Ohio on July 20 , 1863 , and spent much of the War afterwards in prison camps , particularly the Ohio State Penitentiary . He died on June 25 , 1896 , fourteen years before the construction of the monument . The granite pedestal is twelve feet tall , and uses pairs of Doric columns to decorate it . The main inscription reads : " C . S . A . 1861 - 1865 What They Were the Whole World Knows . " Danville ' s participation in the War was limited . The courthouse served as a hospital for Union forces after the Battle of Perryville . On October 11 , Confederate forces retreated through the city with a Union force behind them . Danville was also the birthplace of Theodore O ' Hara , whose " Bivouac of the Dead " would be a popular poem placed in various cemeteries for the War ' s dead . It was after the War that the citizens of Danville showed their level of respect for the Confederacy . Many of the citizens of Danville gave up their eventual burial spots in 1868 to form a Confederate cemetery , with 66 fallen Confederate soldiers reinterred in the cemetery . Danville National Cemetery would eventually be built next to the Confederate cemetery , but would be a place to inter former Union troops . On July 17 , 1997 , the Confederate Monument in Danville was one of sixty different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places , as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission . Three other monuments on the MPS are also in Boyle County , all of which commemorate the Battle of Perryville . These are the Confederate Monument in Perryville and Union Monument in Perryville , both by the visitor center at Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site , and the Unknown Confederate Dead Monument in Perryville , located in a nearby private cemetery .
USS LST - 661 USS " LST - 661 " was a United States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1946 . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 661 " was laid down on 9 January 1944 at Ambridge , Pennsylvania , by the American Bridge Company . She was launched on 30 March 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . J . H . Elder , and commissioned on 28 April 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 661 " was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations and participated in the capture and occupation of the southern Palau Islands in September and October 1944 . Following the war , she performed occupation duty in the Far East until early April 1946 , when she returned to the United States . Decommissioning and disposal . " LST - 661 " was decommissioned on 29 August 1946 . She was used as a target on 14 May 1948 at Enewetak Atoll in the Operation Sandstone atomic bomb test series . On 25 July 1948 , she was sunk because of her unsalvageable ( and probably radioactive ) condition . " LST - 661 " was stricken from the Navy List on 13 September 1948 . Honors and awards . " LST - 661 " earned one battle star for World War II service . Reference to " LST - 661 " in " With the Old Breed at Peleliu and Okinawa " . In his memoir " With the Old Breed at Pelelieu and Okinawa " , Eugene B . Sledge expresses his gratitude to the crew of " LST - 661 " . In Chapter Four , " Assault into Hell " , in the section titled " Death Patrol " , he writes : A footnote by the author reads , " I fulfilled that vow in July 1945 after the battle for Okinawa ended . "
Battle of Sapienza The naval Battle of Sapienza , also known as the Battle of Porto - Longo , took place in 1354 , during the Third Venetian – Genoese War . The Genoese fleet under Paganino Doria captured the Venetian fleet under Niccolò Pisani at the harbour of Sapienza or Porto Longo , near the fortress of Modon ( mod . Methoni ) in southern Greece .
No . 1 Air Ambulance Unit RAAF No . 1 Air Ambulance Unit was a Royal Australian Air Force air ambulance unit of World War II . The Unit was formed in February 1941 and was disbanded in June 1944 after seeing action in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II . History . No . 1 Air Ambulance Unit was formed on 15 February 1941 at RAAF Base Laverton and was equipped with three de Havilland DH - 86 aircraft . The Unit left Australia for the Middle East in April 1941 and began flying from Gaza in August 1941 . The Unit supported Commonwealth units during the North African Campaign and Tunisia campaign from December 1941 until the end of the Tunisia campaign in May 1943 . No . 1 Air Ambulance Unit was expanded and reequipped with 11 Bristol Bombay aircraft in February 1943 . From July 1943 the Unit supported the Allied invasion of Sicily and deployed to Italy in September 1943 to participate in the Italian Campaign . Due to the availability of larger and faster medical evacuation aircraft operated by the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces and the Bombays mechanical problems No . 1 Air Ambulance Unit was withdrawn from service and flew its last evacuation mission in November 1943 . The Unit embarked for Australia in late February 1944 and was disbanded in Australia on 27 June 1944 .
8 cm Granatwerfer 34 The 8 cm Granatwerfer 34 ( 8 cm GrW 34 ) was the standard German heavy mortar throughout World War II . It gained a reputation for extreme accuracy and rapid rate of fire , although much of the credit should go to the training of the crews . The design of the weapon was conventional and it broke down into three loads ( barrel , bipod , baseplate ) for transport . The barrel was smooth bore . Attached to its bipod were a traversing handwheel , and a cross - leveling handwheel below the elevating mechanism . A panoramic sight was mounted on the traversing mechanism yoke for fine adjustments . A line on the tube could be used for rough laying . The 8 cm GrW 34 / 1 was an adaptation for use in self - propelled mountings . A lightened version with a shorter barrel was put into production as the kurzer 8 cm Granatwerfer 42 . The mortar employed conventional 8 cm 3 . 5 kg high explosive or smoke shells with percussion fuze s . The range could be extended by fitting up to three additional powder charges between the shell tailfins .