naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tyrol 1809 Order of Battle Tyrol 1809 Order of Battle At the beginning of the War of the Fifth Coalition on 9 April 1809 , the armies of the Austrian Empire invaded the Kingdom of Bavaria , an ally of the First French Empire , and the Kingdom of Italy , a French satellite . After Austria ' s defeat in the War of the Third Coalition the County of Tyrol and the Voralberg were ceded to Bavaria in the Fourth Peace of Pressburg on 26 December 1805 . Angry at the imposition of Bavarian laws and conscription , the Tyrolese rebelled in support of Austria . During the first week , local irregular forces killed or captured the main Bavarian garrison and also forced a French force to capitulate . To assist the Tyrolean Rebellion , the Austrian high command sent a regular division into the Tyrol under the leadership of Feldmarschallleutnant Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles . The VII Corps , consisting of three Bavarian divisions under the overall command of Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre , invaded the Tyrol in mid - May . On 11 May , Lieutenant General Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy relieved the besieged Kufstein Fortress . Lieutenant General Karl Philipp von Wrede crushed Chasteler ' s division on 13 May at the Battle of Wörgl . Soon afterward , Lefebvre occupied Innsbruck . However , Deroy ' s division was attacked on 25 May and 29 May in the first two Battles of Bergisel and compelled to evacuate the Tyrol . By this time Chasteler ' s surviving regular troops were recalled to join the Army of Inner Austria , which was retreating toward Hungary . Only a handful of regulars were left to operate in the Tyrol . Soon after Emperor Napoleon I of France defeated the main Austrian army at the Battle of Wagram on 5 and 6 July , Austria sued for peace . However , the revolt in the Tyrol continued and the Bavarians invaded the region a second time in late July . After the insurgents beat Deroy at the Third Battle of Bergisel on 13 August , the Bavarians again withdrew . In the third invasion , the Bavarian 1st Division under General - Major Rechberg inflicted a bloody defeat on the irregulars on 17 October . Wrede won the Fourth Battle of Bergisel on 1 November and the revolt finally died down . One of the leaders of the rebellion , Andreas Hofer was betrayed to the French and executed in February 1810 . Order of Battle . Austrian Tyrol force . " Chastler ' s original force was organized as follows . " Bavarian forces . " Returns from 16 April " VII Corps : Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre
Focke - Wulf Flitzer The Focke - Wulf Project VII " Flitzer " ( " streaker " or " dasher " , sometimes incorrectly translated as " madcap " ) was a jet fighter under development in Germany at the end of World War II . Development . The design began as Focke - Wulf Project VI which had a central fuselage and two booms carrying the rear control surfaces having great similarity with the de Havilland Vampire . Project V had the air inlets still positioned on either side of the nose , just below the cockpit . The estimated horizontal speed was not satisfactory and in the next development , Project VII , the jet intakes were situated in the wing roots . Further improvements over Project VI were a narrower fuselage and a changed pilot ' s canopy . In order to improve the rate of climb , a Walter HWK 109 - 509 liquid rocket was built - in . In spite of the fact that a complete mock - up was built and all construction and assembly plans finished , the aircraft was not accepted by the RLM ( Reich Air Ministry , or " Reichsluftfahrtministerium " ) .
ORP Wilia ORP " Wilia " ( some sources use the spelling ORP " Wilja " ) was a school ship of the Polish Navy of the Second Polish Republic . Construction . The ship was built in 1906 as a freighter in the shipyard " Flensburger Schiffbau Gesellschaft " in Flensburg , Germany . After changing several owners and names the ship sailed under the French flag as the " Laurent Schaffiano " . Polish Navy . In 1925 the ship was bought by the Polish Navy . The Polish flag was raised on the ship on 8 August 1925 in the French port of Le Havre and the ship was renamed ORP " Wilia " , after the river Wilia . Initially the Polish Navy used her to transport arms and equipment , bought in France , to Poland . Later she served as a training ships for cadets . At the start of the Second World War the ship was in the port of Casablanca . On 30 July 1940 she was transferred to the Polish Merchant Navy which renamed her " Modlin " . Fate . The ship served in that role until 6 June 1944 when she was scuttled off the coast of Normandy as a part of an artificial breakwater .
Richard D . King Richard D . King is a retired Brigadier General in the California Air National Guard . Career . King was commissioned an officer in the United States Air Force through the Air Force Officer Training School at Lackland Air Force Base in 1980 . He then received further training at Keesler Air Force Base . After completing his training , King was stationed at Andersen Air Force Base until 1982 , when he was transferred to Vandenberg Air Force Base . In 1983 , King transferred to the California Air National Guard and was assigned to the 261st Combat Communications Squadron . King was later Air National Guard advisor to Pacific Air Forces from 1999 until 2005 , when he became Chief of Staff , Strategic Planning and Policy , United States Pacific Command . Awards he received include the Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Joint Service Commendation Medal , the Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Joint Service Achievement Medal , the Air Force Achievement Medal , the Outstanding Unit Award , the Organizational Excellence Award , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon , the Air Force Longevity Service Award with three oak leaf clusters , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal , the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon and the Air Force Training Ribbon .
Operation Wandering Soul Operation Wandering Soul was a propaganda campaign exercised by U . S . Forces during the Vietnam War . The operation played off the belief of many Vietnamese in the " wandering soul " : " It is the Vietnamese belief that the dead must be buried in their homeland , or their soul will wander aimlessly in pain and suffering . Vietnamese feel that if a person is improperly buried , then their soul wanders constantly . They can sometimes be contacted on the anniversary of their death and near where they died . Vietnamese honor these dead souls on a holiday when they return to the site where they died . " U . S . engineers spent weeks recording eerie sounds and altered voices - which pretended to be killed Vietcong - for use in the operation , with the intended purpose of instilling a sense of turmoil within the enemy . The desired result being for the soldier to flee his position . Helicopters were sometimes employed to broadcast recordings , the voices in which called on their " descendants " in the Vietcong to defect and cease fighting . The extent of the operations success is unknown . The Vietcong usually encountered return fire if they reacted to the recordings , thus nullifying the intended outcome of the operation . References . http : / / www . pcf45 . com / sealords / cuadai / wanderingsoul . html
Canadair CT - 133 Silver Star The Canadair CT - 133 Silver Star ( company model number CL - 30 ) was the Canadian license - built version of the Lockheed T - 33 Shooting Star jet trainer aircraft , in service from the 1950s to 2005 . The Canadian version was powered by the Rolls - Royce Nene 10 turbojet , whereas the Lockheed production used the Allison J33 . Design and development . The Canadair CT - 133 is the result of a 1951 contract to build T - 33 Shooting Star Trainers for the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) . The powerplant would be a Rolls - Royce Nene 10 turbojet instead of the Allison J33 used by Lockheed in the production of the original T - 33 . A project designation of CL - 30 was given by Canadair and the name was changed to " Silver Star " . The appearance of the CT - 133 is very distinctive due to the large fuel tanks usually carried on each wingtip . A total of 656 CT - 133 aircraft were built by Canadair . Operational history . The CT - 133 entered service in the RCAF as its primary training aircraft for fighter / interceptors . The RCAF named it the " Silver Star " in honour of Canada ' s ( and the British Empire ' s ) first flight of a heavier - than - air craft , the AEA " Silver Dart " . The designation of the Silver Star in the Canadian Forces was CT - 133 . The CT - 133 was reliable and had forgiving flight properties . Its service life in the RCAF ( and later the Canadian Forces ) was extremely long . One of the more unusual roles it played was as an aerobatic demonstration aircraft , the RCAF ' s Red Knight . Although the aircraft stopped being used as a trainer in 1976 , there were still over 50 aircraft in Canadian Forces inventory in 1995 . The youngest of these airframes was then 37 years old and had exceeded its expected life by a factor of 2 . 5 . During this period , the Canadair T - 33 was employed in communication , target towing and enemy simulation . The final Canadair Silver Star Mk . 3 was retired from the Aerospace Engineering Test Establishment at CFB Cold Lake , Alberta , Canada where it was used as an ejection seat testbed after 46 years of service . CT - 133 number 133648 was delivered to CFD Mountain View on 26 April 2005 . Having been built in March 1959 as CT - 133 21648 , and had flight hours at the time of retirement . It has been sold on the civil market , along with fifteen other CT - 133s . These aircraft will join the fifty others on the United States Civil Register and continue to fly as a part of the living legacy of the early jet age . Aircraft on display . The following places have CT - 133 Silver Stars on display or in flyable condition :
Julian C . Smith Hall The Julian C . Smith Hall is a historic building located on Julian C . Smith Drive , on Hadnot Point in Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune , Jacksonville , North Carolina . It currently serves as the headquarters building for the II Marine Expeditionary Force and the 2d Marine Division . It is named after Lieutenant General Julian C . Smith , former commanding general of the 2d Marine Division during World War II . The Camp Lejeune address is Building H - 1 . History . The building was initially used as a Naval hospital .
Denham Castle Denham Castle , also known as Castle Holes , is a medieval motte and bailey castle near the village of Gazeley , Suffolk , England . History . Denham Castle was a 12th Norman castle , built in a motte and bailey design with the motte , now 10 feet high , located in the north - east corner . The motte and the bailey are contained within a wide ditch , 132 m by 122 m across . The entrance to the castle was on the south side . Today the castle is a scheduled monument . Despite previous damage to the castle remains from modern agriculture , the current owners , the Denham Estate , have announced that they are working with English Heritage to restore and maintain the site .
2d Fighter Squadron ( Commando ) The 2d Fighter Squadron ( Commando ) is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Tenth Air Force , based at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 12 November 1945 . Aircraft . Operational history . Trained for operations with P - 51 Mustang s as part of Third Air Force and trained at the Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics . Moved to India , September – November 1944 assigned to Tenth Air Force . Combat in CBI , 14 February - 9 May 1945 . After May 1945 in training . Returned to the US during October — November 1945 .
Ewen Montagu Captain Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu , CBE , QC , DL , RNR ( 19 March 190119 July 1985 ) was a British judge , writer and Naval intelligence officer . Life and career . Montagu was born in 1901 , the second son of the prominent peer Louis Montagu , 2nd Baron Swaythling . He was educated at Westminster School before becoming a machine gun instructor during World War I at a United States Naval Air Station . After the war he studied at Trinity College , Cambridge and at Harvard University before he was called to the bar in 1924 . One of his more celebrated cases as a junior barrister was the defence of Alma Rattenbury in 1935 against a charge of murdering her elderly husband at the Villa Madeira in Bournemouth . He married Iris , the daughter of Solomon J . Solomon , in 1923 . Montagu enlisted in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve as early as 1938 so that he could help his country . Because of his legal background he was reassigned to specialized study . From there he was assigned to the Royal Navy ' s Humberside headquarters at Hull as an assistant staff officer in intelligence . Montagu served in the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty , rising to the rank of Lieutenant Commander RNVR . He was the Naval Representative on the Twenty Committee , which oversaw the running of double agents . While Commanding Officer of NID 17M , Squadron Leader Charles Cholmondely , RAFVR and he conceived Operation Mincemeat , a major deception plan against the Germans during the war . For his role in Mincemeat , he was appointed to the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire . From 1945 to 1973 he held the position of Judge Advocate of the Fleet . He wrote " The Man Who Never Was " ( 1953 ) , a fair , responsible account of Operation Mincemeat , which was made into a movie three years later . Montagu himself appeared in the film adaptation of " The Man Who Never Was " , playing an Air - Vice Marshal who disparaged his own character ( played by Clifton Webb ) in a briefing . Montagu also wrote " Beyond Top Secret Ultra " . This book focuses more on the information technology and espionage tactics that were used during World War II . He was president of the United Synagogue , 1954 – 62 , and vice - president of the Anglo - Jewish Association . Prior to the Court Act of 1971 he was Recorder ( judge ) in the Counties of Hampshire and Middlesex . He was also appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Southampton . His youngest brother Ivor Montagu was a film maker and Communist who was an apparent a World War II spy for the Soviet GRU . Ewen Montagu once owned ' Gleam ' , a Robert Clarke designed sloop built in 1938 .
SM UB - 22 SM " UB - 22 " was a German Type UB II submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 30 April 1915 and launched on 9 October 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 2 March 1915 as SM " UB - 22 " . The submarine sank 29 ships in 18 patrols for a total of . " UB - 22 " was mined and sunk in the North Sea at on 19 January 1918 .
Churchill - class submarine The three Improved " Valiant " class submarines , sometimes known as the " Churchill " class , were nuclear powered fleet submarine s which served with the Royal Navy from the 1970s until the early 1990s . The " Churchill " class was based on the older " Valiant " class , but featured many internal improvements . The lead ship was named after the former Prime Minister and First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill . was the most famous of the class , sinking the Argentinian cruiser ARA " General Belgrano " during the 1982 Falklands War . , this is the only instance of a nuclear - powered submarine of any nation sinking an enemy ship by torpedo . Design . The " Churchills " carried a crew of 103 and had a full load displacement of 4 , 900 tons whilst dived . They were 86 . 9 metres long , had a beam of 10 . 1 metres and a draught of 8 . 2 metres . Their single pressurized water - cooled reactor supplied steam to two English Electric geared turbines , producing a total of for the single shaft and resulting in a maximum of 28 knots submerged . One Kelvin Type 1006 surface - search radar was fitted . The ships were built with a Type 2001 sonar array , but this was replaced in the late 1970s with a Type 2020 array and a Type 2026 towed array . Weapons included Mark 8 torpedoes , Mark 24 Tigerfish torpedoes , and Sub - Harpoon anti - ship missile s . Six torpedo tubes fired from the bow . Like all nuclear - powered submarines the " Churchill " class could remain submerged almost indefinitely , with supplies of food being the only limiting factor . HMS " Churchill " evaluated both the American Mark 48 torpedo and the UGM - 84 Harpoon missile , though only the latter was adopted by the Royal Navy . She was decommissioned in 1990 and is laid up at Rosyth awaiting disposal . In 1981 became the first British submarine to carry the Sub - Harpoon missile . She was decommissioned in 1992 and is at Devonport Dockyard serving as a museum ship . Service history . was the most famous of the class , sinking the Argentinian cruiser ARA " General Belgrano " during the 1982 Falklands War . She did not fire again during the war , but provided valuable help to the British task force by using her monitoring equipment to track Argentine aircraft departing the mainland . After the war " Conqueror " returned to Faslane ; the sinking of the Belgrano had provoked controversy in Britain and " Conqueror " was criticised for flying the Jolly Roger on returning to port , as Royal Navy submarines customarily did on returning after scoring a kill . She the only nuclear - powered submarine of any nationality to have engaged an enemy ship with torpedoes . She was decommissioned in 1990 and is laid up at Devonport awaiting disposal . " Conqueror ' s " periscope can be viewed at the Royal Navy ' s museum in Portsmouth . See also . List of submarines of the Royal Navy
SS Nordmark Nordmark was a 987 GRT Coaster that was built as Faust in 1920 by Schiffbau - Gesellschaft Unterweser AG , Bremen , Germany for German owners . She was renamed " Nordmark " after a sale in 1930 and was again renamed Angeln in 1936 . She was sold in 1944 and renamed Ermland . She was seized by the Allies at Lübeck in May 1945 , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and renamed Empire Congerstone . In 1947 , she was sold into merchant service and renamed Oakley . In 1953 , she was sold to Costa Rica and renamed Lucy . She served until 1960 when she was scrapped . Description . The ship was built in 1920 as yard number 151 by Schiffbau - Gesellschaft Unterweser AG , Bremen . The ship was long , with a beam of a depth of . She had a GRT of 987 and a NRT of 568 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by A Borsig , Berlin - Tegel . History . " Faust " was built for H Dauelsburg , Bremen . In 1930 , she was sold to Robert Bornhofen , Hamburg and was renamed " Nordmark " . Her port of registry was Hamburg and she used the Code Letters QLGN . On 17 November 1931 , " Nordmark " was in collision with the Union - Castle Line ' s in the River Thames . In 1934 , her Code Letters were changed to DHRX . In 1936 , " Nordmark " was one of 20 ships chartered to transport timber from Leningrad , Soviet Union to Germany . In 1939 , she was sold to Preußenlinie Arlt & Co KG , Kiel . She was placed under the management of Ivers & Arlt . Her port of registry was changed to Köningsberg . In 1944 , she was renamed " Ermland " . In May 1945 , " Ermland " was seized by the Allies at Lübeck . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Congerstone " . Her port of registry was London . She was placed under the management of T & C Wilson & Co Ltd . The Code Letters GMRD and United Kingdom Official Number 180665 were allocated . In 1947 , " Empire Congerstone " was sold the Oakley Steamship Company , London and was renamed " Oakley " . In 1949 , she was sold to the Goodwin Steamship Company , London and then to Anthony & Bainbridge Ltd in 1950 . In 1953 , " Oakley " was sold to Navigazione de Transportes San José , San José , Costa Rica and was renamed " Lucy " . She served until 1960 when she was scrapped .
Earl Chudoff Earl Chudoff ( November 15 , 1907 – May 17 , 1993 ) was a Democratic member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Earl Chudoff was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in economics in 1929 and from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law in 1932 . He worked as a building and loan examiner for the Pennsylvania State Department of Banking from 1936 to 1939 . He served as chief boatswain ' s mate in the United States Coast Guard Reserve from December 1942 to September 1945 . He was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives from 1941 to 1948 . Chudoff was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty - first Congress , defeating incumbent Republican Congressman Franklin J . Maloney , and was re - elected to the four succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1949 , until his resignation January 5 , 1958 , having been elected judge of the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas No . 1 , in which capacity he served until his resignation in 1974 . He died in Philadelphia .
Battle Force Tactical Training Battle Force Tactical Trainer , or BFTT ( pronounced " bee - fit " ) , ( Navy designation AN / USQ - 46 ) is a highly flexible , interactive single ship , group , or force level tactical combat system trainer . The purpose of BFTT is to " provide training to enhance naval combat readiness . " BFTT provides a critical overarching training capability for developing and maintaining proficiencies required to fight a complex modern shipboard combat system in today ' s warfighting environment . BFTT actually wraps around the ships combat system to provide a comprehensive and coordinated training environment . BFTT simulates actual combat scenarios for the training of the operators of most current shipboard combat systems including Aegis and the newly introduced SSDS . BFTT is subdivided into different components , each with its own specific function that contribute to the overall operation of the system . The BFTT Operator Processing Console ( BOPC ) provides a human machine interface to the rest of BFTT . The BOPC is used to create scenarios which vary in location , environmentals ( e . g . sea state , weather ) , contacts , functions and operations by using a monitor , keyboard , and trackball . BFTT uses the current DoD standard Distributed Interactive Simulation ( DIS ) interface , and is evolving to the newer High Level Architecture ( simulation ) ( HLA ) . The system connects to other ships , Joint Forces , and Coalition Forces for large scale force level training events via the Navy Continuous Training Environment ( NCTE ) . Formalized in April 1992 , then CNO Admiral Frank Kelso launched a new era in the Navy ' s combat systems training by approving the development of BFTT . As an outgrowth of BFTT the Navy developed the BFTT Electronic Warfare Trainer ( BEWT ) and the Trainer Simulator Stimulator System ( TSSS ) . Over 100 US Navy warships have the BFTT system installed . The follow - on to BFTT , Total Ship Training System ( TSTS ) has been cancelled and a partial , incremental , improvement program labelled " BFTT mod " has been intitiated .