naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Arc Light " For other uses , see Arclight ( disambiguation ) " . Operation Arc Light was the 1965 deployment of B - 52D Stratofortresses as conventional bombers from bases in the US to Guam to support ground combat operations in Vietnam . By extension , Arc Light , and sometimes Arclight , is the code name and general term for the use of B - 52 Stratofortress as a close air support ( CAS ) platform to support ground tactical operations assisted by ground - control - radar detachments of the 1st Combat Evaluation Group ( 1CEVG ) in Operation Combat SkySpot during the Vietnam War . At the same time , investigations of secret CIA activities in Laos revealed that B - 52s were used to systematically bomb Laos and Cambodia . In fact , the United States dropped more bombs on Laos than it did during World War II on Germany and Japan combined . To this day , vast areas of Laos and Cambodia are uninhabitable because of unexploded ordnance . In 1964 , the U . S . Air Force began to train strategic bomber crews in the delivery of conventional munitions . Under Project Big Belly , all B - 52Ds were modified so that they could carry nearly 30 tons of conventional bombs . B - 52s were deployed to air force bases in Guam and Thailand . Arc Light operations were most often CAS bombing raids of enemy base camps , troops concentrations , and supply lines . The first use of these heavy bombers in Southeast Asia occurred on 18 June 1965 . Flying out of Andersen Air Force Base , Guam , twenty - seven aircraft used 750 and 1 , 000 pound bombs to attack a Viet Cong stronghold . During this mission two B - 52Fs were lost in a mid - air collision ; another was unable to conduct air refueling . Missions were commonly flown in three - plane formations known as " cells " and were also employed when ground units in heavy combat requested fire support . Releasing their bombs from high in the stratosphere , the B - 52s could neither be seen nor heard from the ground . B - 52s were instrumental in nearly wiping out enemy concentrations besieging Khe Sanh in 1968 and An Loc and Kontum in 1972 . Arc Light was re - activated on Andersen on February 8 , 1972 when President Richard Nixon resumed bombing of North Vietnam in an effort to move peace talks along . Over 15 , 000 men were sent to Andersen on temporary duty over the next 90 days . With limited barracks and other facilities tents were set up behind for use by men working 80 hour weeks . Arc Light missions continued until the cessation of hostilities by all U . S . forces on August 15 , 1973 . Between June 1965 and August 1973 , 126 , 615 B - 52 sorties were flown over Southeast Asia . During those operations , the U . S . Air Force lost 31 B - 52s : 18 from hostile fire over North Vietnam and 13 from operational causes . Combat SkySpot Memorial . Nineteen technician s of the 1CEVG were lost in ground combat . On September 21 , 2010 , President Barack H . Obama presented the Medal of Honor to the sons of Chief Master Sergeant Richard L . Etchberger for his actions in the battle of Lima Site 85 . A memorial to all 1CEVG technicians is located directly behind the Arc Light memorial .
Ryūzō Sejima Born in Toyama , Japan , he graduated from in 1944 . During the Pacific War , he was as a staff officer at the Imperial Headquarters . He instructed the Guadalcanal recovery strategy , New Guinea strategy , and in July 1945 moved out to the Kwantung Army as a staff officer , and negotiated the cease - fire after surrender . He was then detained for 11 years in Siberia . He served as member of the Ad Hoc Commission on Administrative Reform and assistant to Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone . External links . Category :
Salmon - class destroyer The " Salmon " class were two destroyers built by Earle ' s to an Admiralty specification for service with the Royal Navy . The specification called for a torpedo boat destroyer capable of 27 knots ; the builders were largely free to design as necessary . A total of 42 ships would be provided by various shipbuilders . In May 1912 they were sold for breaking up . In 1913 all surviving similar vessels built to the same requirement were reclassified as the A class torpedo boat destroyer s
91a Squadriglia Squadriglia 91a was one of the later fighter squadron s that the Italian Army created , on 1 May 1917 . Because it drew an experienced cadre of pilots from pre - existing " 70a Squadriglia " , the squadron scored 14 victories within its first month of flying combat . As a result , it became known as " the squadron of aces " . The new unit was immediately drawn into the ongoing Battles of the Isonzo in northern Italy . In September 1917 , the squadron would serve as test pilots of the universally condemned SIA 7 multipurpose aircraft . The squadron fought in the disastrous Battle of Caporetto in late 1917 and suffered through the subsequent retreat . On 11 April 1918 , it returned to combat at Quinto di Treviso , with an added task of flying ground support missions . After Italy ' s top ace , Francesco Baracca was killed on such a mission , King Victor Emmanuel III renamed the squadron to honor the fallen ace . " 91a Squadriglia " would end the war credited with 60 aerial victories for a cost of six killed . Nine pilots scored five or more victories while serving with the squadron . History . " Squadriglia 91a " of the " Corpo Aeronautico Militare " was established on 1 May 1917 , drawing upon the existing " 70a Squadriglia " for its start . The new unit deployed to Istrana , near the ongoing Battles of the Isonzo , on 6 June 1917 , with the objective of supporting ground action in the Trentino . It scored 14 victories within its first month of operations , largely because it included such experienced pilots as Francesco Baracca , Luigi Olivari , Ferruccio Ranza , and Fulco Ruffo di Calabria . Indeed , the " 91a Squadriglia " gained the nickname " Squadriglia degli assi " ( Squadron of the aces ) . In September 1917 , the squadron evaluated the new SIA 7 for fighter use and unanimously turned it down . The squadron was then drawn into the fighting at the Battle of Caporetto , losing two ace pilots in October . After a withdrawal caused by the Italian defeat at Caporetto , the squadron settled into winter quarters at Padova and refurbished itself . Foul weather prevented winter operations , with the idle period extending into the new year . On 11 April 1918 , after moving to Quinto di Treviso , the " 91a Squadriglia " acquired an additional tactical role in flying trench strafing mission . Italy ' s leading flying ace of the war Francesco Baracca would be killed flying such a sortie on 19 June 1918 . Within a few days , King Victor Emmanuel III decreed that the squadron be renamed to honor the fallen ace . By 31 August , the squadron had 25 aircraft on strength , but only 16 pilots . The " 91a Squadriglia " would fight through war ' s end . It would claim 60 aerial victories for the war , while suffering six casualties . Notable members . Nine aces scored at least five of their victories while flying with " 91a Squadriglia " . Aircraft . Squadron insignia was a black griffon , although this was sometimes supplemented by other personal markings of the individual pilot .
3rd Tactical Squadron The 3rd Tactical Squadron ( known as 3 . ELT - 3 Eskadra Lotnictwa Taktycznego in Poland ) was a fighter squadron of the Polish Air Force established in 2001 in Poznań , Poland . The squadron was stationed in the 31st Air Base and has acquired F - 16 C / D Block 52 + Adv . fighters . From 1954 to 2001 the unit was known as " 3 . Pułk Lotnictwa Myśliwskiego " . In 2008 the unit was fused with the 6th Tactical Squadron and the 31st Air Base . Those three units were transformed into 31st Tactical Air Base unit .
Non - Commissioned Officer Professional Development Ribbon A Noncommissioned Officer Professional Development Ribbon is an award issued by the United States Army and Air Force to recognize those noncommissioned officer s who have completed a prescribed leadership course at an NCO training school . Army . The NCO Professional Development Ribbon ( established in 1981 ) is issued by the U . S . Army for completion of any prescribed noncommissioned officer development courses . The first award of the NCO Professional Development Ribbon is issued for completion of the Warrior Leader Course ( WLC ) - which used to be called the " Primary NCO Course " , " Combat Army Course " , or " Primary Leadership Development Course " ( PLDC ) . When a soldier completes additional schooling ( such as the Advanced Leaders Course , and Senior Leaders Course ) , the NCO Professional Development Ribbon is issued with an award numeral . The highest numeral authorized for the NCO Professional Development Ribbon is “ 4 " . The numeral “ 5 " is obsolete and was previously authorized for graduation from the United States Army Sergeants Major Academy when the First Sergeant Course was a level , since removed from consideration . Air Force . The NCO Professional Military Education Graduate Ribbon ( established in 1962 ) is issued by the United States Air Force and is awarded for completion of prescribed noncommissioned officer professional development programs . Such programs include Airman Leadership School ( ALS ) , Nonommissioned Officer Academy ( NCOA ) , and the Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy ( SNCOA ) . Additional awards of the NCO Professional Military Education Graduate Ribbon are denoted by oak leaf clusters . Additional Services . The United States Navy , United States Coast Guard , and United States Marines have no equivalent to the Noncommissioned Officer Development Ribbon .
Anthony Tether Anthony J . Tether ( born ca . 1942 ) served as director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) from June 18 , 2001 , until February 20 , 2009 . As of September 8 , 2009 , Tether is a member of the SSCI Scientific Advisory Board . Scientific Systems Company , Inc . ( SSCI ) is a developer of technology solutions for defense and industrial suppliers . Prior to his appointment , Tether held the position of CEO and president of The Sequoia Group , which he founded in 1996 . The Sequoia Group provided program management and strategy development services to government and industry . From 1994 - 96 , Tether served as CEO for Dynamics Technology Inc . From 1992 - 94 , he was vice president at Science Applications International Corporation ' s ( SAIC ) Advanced Technology Sector , and then was vice president and general manager for Range Systems at SAIC . Prior to this , he spent six years as Vice President for Technology and Advanced Development at Ford Aerospace , which was acquired by Loral Corporation during that period . He has held other positions in the Defense Department , serving as director of DARPA ' s Strategic Technology Office from 1982 – 86 , and as director of the National Intelligence Office in the Office of the Secretary of Defense from 1978 - 82 . Prior to entering government service , he served as executive vice president of Systems Control Inc . from 1969 – 78 , where he applied estimation and control theory to military and commercial problems , with particular concentration on algorithms used to perform real - time resource allocation and control . Tether has served on both the Army Science Board and the Defense Science Board , and on the Office of National Drug Control Policy Research and Development Committee . He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) and is listed in several Who ' s Who publications . In 1986 , he was honored with both the National Intelligence Medal and the Department of Defense Civilian Meritorious Service Medal . Tether received his Bachelor ' s of Electrical Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1964 , and his Master of Science ( 1965 ) and Ph . D . ( 1969 ) in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University .
Operation Cooney Operation Cooney was the deployment of elements of the 4ème Bataillon d ' Infanterie de l ' Air - the 4th Free French Parachute Battalion ( later renamed " 2ème Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes " ) - also known as 4th Special Air Service . On 7 June 1944 , the 9 aircraft of 38 Group ( including two from No . 297 Squadron RAF , dropped the parachutists . These men were to disrupt enemy communications between West Brittany and the remainder of France , and in all 58 Free French soldiers were dropped on no fewer than 18 undefended drop zones between St . Malo and Vannes . Breaking into 18 three - man or five - man SAS teams , the commandos scattered throughout Brittany destroying railroad targets . As a sign they had passed through they tied railroad ties around trees . Some raiders then joined the base established by the Dingson team in Saint - Marcel , Morbihan or the base established by the Samwest team in Duault , Côtes d ' Armor . Part of Overlord . Dramatization . " 3 Free French SAS paratroopers , 1 woman ( Janine Boitard ) and 1 Resistance fighter against 2 german soldiers on the railroad near the bridge before the explosion " .
HMS G6 HMS " G6 " was a British G class submarine of the Royal Navy from World War I . War service . Like the rest of her class , " G6 " ' s role was to patrol the North Sea in search of German U - boats .
John Thomas Graves John Thomas Graves ( 1842 – 1950 ) was one of the last surviving Confederate soldiers from the American Civil War . Graves was a member of General Joseph O . Shelby ' s Iron Brigade . He was wounded in action during the Battle of Lexington ( Missouri ) , September 12 , 1861 . He died at the Confederate Soldiers Home at Higginsville , Missouri , in 1950 at the age of 108 . He is buried in Confederate Cemetery , Higginsville , Missouri .
USS Anemone ( 1864 ) The first USS " Anemone " was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a tugboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways . Constructed and commissioned at Philadelphia in 1864 . " Anemone " — a screw tug built in 1864 at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania — was purchased by the US Navy from S . & J . M . Flannagan on 13 August 1864 at Philadelphia prior to her documentation as a merchantman ; named " Anemone " ; fitted out by the Philadelphia Navy Yard for naval service ; and commissioned there on 14 September 1864 , Acting Master Jonathan Baker in command . Civil War service . Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockade . Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron , " Anemone " reported to Rear Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee at Beaufort , North Carolina , on 20 September 1864 and received orders to join in the cordon of Union ships guarding the western bar off Wilmington , North Carolina . She promptly took station , but soon thereafter suffered a rudder casualty and was forced to retire to the Norfolk Navy Yard for repairs . Participating in the attack on Fort Fisher . The tug returned to waters off Wilmington early in December and took part in the abortive attack on Fort Fisher on Christmas Eve 1864 . She then received orders to Beaufort , North Carolina , where she served through the end of the Civil War and into the ensuing summer . Assisting in the rescue of the crew of USAT " Quinnebaug " . On the morning of 20 July , after USAT " Quinnebaug " had been seriously damaged while leaving Beaufort , " Anemone ' s " commanding officer , Acting Ensign A . O . Kruge , and her executive officer , Mate George W . Briggs , commanded launches which rescued the crew and passengers — homeward - bound troops — from the doomed Army transport . Shortly thereafter , " Anemone " sailed North to serve as a tug at the New York Navy Yard during the partial demobilization of the Union fleet . Post - war decommissioning , sale , and subsequent career . She was decommissioned there on 28 September 1865 and was sold at public auction on 25 October 1865 . Documented " Wicaco " ( after the Philadelphia community of the same name on 1 December 1865 , the tug served American shipping until 1896 .
Battle of Farrukhabad The Battle of Farrukhabad ( 14 November 1804 ) was an engagement during the Second Anglo - Maratha War between forces of the British East India Company and those of Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar of the Maratha Empire . The battle took place at Farrukhabad in what is now Uttar Pradesh , India . The Company ' s forces , led by General Gerard Lake , surprised Holkar ' s forces after making forced marches of more than in the preceding 24 hours . Holkar himself very narrowly escaped capture in the rout . Geography . Farrukhabad is one of the three tehsil s in the Farrukhabad District of the State of Uttar Pradesh in northern India .
EL / M - 2032 The EL / M - 2032 is an advanced pulse Doppler , multimode fire - control radar intended for multi - role fighter aircraft originated from the Lavi project . It is suitable for air - to - air and air - to - surface modes . As of 2009 , Elta has integrated this radar system into the Indian Naval Service Sea Harrier , A - 4 , F - 4 , F - 5 , F - 16 , F / A - 50 , Mirage and MiG - 21 fighters . It has also been used in the HAL Tejas fighter . Also included in the Kfir C - 10 avionics system is IAI / Elta ' s operationally proven EL / M - 2032 multi - mode fire control radar , which offers a wide range of air - to - air and air - to - ground modes , including SAR , for optimal mission performance in all weather conditions . Israel Aerospace Industries . The EL / M - 2032 is an advanced Multimode Airborne Fire Control Radar designed for multimission fighters , oriented for both air - to - air and strike missions . Modular hardware design , software control and flexible avionic interfaces ensure that the radar can be installed in fighter aircraft ( such as F - 16 , F - 5 , Mirage , Harrier variants , F - 4 , Mig 21 , etc . ) and can be customized to meet specific user requirements . The EL / M - 2032 radar integrates ELTA ' s experience with real operational feedback from Israeli Air Force combat pilots . The EL / M - 2032 greatly enhances the Air - to - Air , Air - to - Ground and Air - to - Sea capabilities of the aircraft . In the Air - to - Air modes , the radar enables long - range target detection and tracking for weapon delivery or automatic target acquisition in close combat engagements . In Air - to - Ground missions , the radar provides very high - resolution mapping ( SAR ) , surface target detection and tracking over RBM , DBS and SAR maps in addition to A / G ranging . In Air - to - Sea missions the radar provides long range target detection and tracking , including target classification capabilities ( RS , ISAR ) .
Charles George Baker Charles George Baker ( 8 December 1830 – 19 February 1906 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Baker ' s first exploit was to sail 500 miles in an open boat to obtain rescue for the crew of the P & O ship SS Duro which was wrecked in 1854 . Afterwards he joined the Bengal Police Battalion when he was caught up in the Indian Mutiny . He was 27 years old , and a lieutenant in the Bengal Police Battalion , Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 27 September 1858 at Suhejnee , near Peroo , Bengal , for which he was awarded the VC : After the Mutiny he served as a senior Police officer in Bengal . After leaving India he served with Valentine Baker for Turkey in the Russo - Turkish War and was taken prisoner by the Russians . He then went with Baker to Egypt where he succeeded Valentine Baker as head of the Egyptian police force with the rank of Lewa Pasha .
Robert Zeiher Robert Zeiher ( 1 November 1919 – 13 June 2000 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Arthur Mayo Arthur Mayo VC ( 18 May 1840 – 18 May 1920 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Arthur Mayo was educated at Berkhamsted School and , following his naval career , at Magdalen Hall , now Hertford College , Oxford . He was 17 years old , and a midshipman in the Indian Naval Brigade during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 22 November 1857 at Dacca , India for which he was awarded the VC : He died in Bournemouth on his 80th birthday .
713th Fighter - Bomber Squadron The 713th Fighter - Bomber Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 448th Fighter - Bomber Group , stationed at Davis Field , Oklahoma . It was inactivated on 16 November 1957 . History . Activated in mid - 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron , trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to England in the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) during November 1943 , assigned to VIII Bomber Command as a strategic bombardment squadron . Participated in the air offensive over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until German capitulation in May 1945 . Personnel demobilized in England and returned to the United States ; squadron reassigned to Second Air Force and re - equipped with B - 29 Superfortress es , being trained for deployment to Pacific Theater . Japanese capitulation canceled deployment and was assigned to Fort Worth AAF , Texas as Continental Air Forces , later Strategic Air Command squadron . Budget and personnel shortages led to inactivation in August 1946 . Activated in the postwar reserve as a B - 29 squadron . Trained for proficiency as part of Strategic Air Command reserve forces . Activated as a result of Korean War in 1951 , squadron ' s aircraft and personnel reassigned to Far East Air Force Bomber Command , inactivated as a paper unit . Reactivated as a reserve F - 86 fighter bomber group in 1955 . Inactivated 1957 .
Eduard Pantserzhanskiy Eduard Samuilovich Pantserzhanskiy ( ) ( - September 26 , 1937 ) was a Russian military leader , Commander - in - Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from December 1921 to December 1924 . Pantserzhanskiy was born in Liepāja , Latvia the son of a Polish nobleman and studied at the Riga Technical University . He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1910 and joined the Baltic Fleet . He was an officer on the destroyer " Grom " and fought in the Battle of Moon Sound . During the Civil war he fought on riverine flotillas on Lake Onega and the Volga - Caspian front . between 1921 and 1924 he was commander of the Soviet Navy . From 1924 he joined the general staff holding various commands . He was denounced in 1937 by Boris Feldman and arrested in June . He was tried , sentenced to death and executed by firing squad on 26 September 1937 . He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956 .