naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
RAF Spitalgate RAF Spitalgate formerly known as RFC Station Grantham and RAF Station Grantham was a Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force station , located south east of the centre of Grantham , Lincolnshire , England fronting onto the main A52 road . History . The station opened in 1915 as Royal Flying Corps Station Grantham , becoming RAF Station Grantham on 1 April 1918 - a name it bore until 1942 when it was renamed as RAF Station Spitalgate . Throughout the First World War the station was a flying training facility and headquarters of No . 21 Group RFC Flying Training Command . The main lodging unit was No . 12 Flying Training School RFC with further elements at the satellite station at RFCS Harlaxton . Flying training continued at RAF Grantham during the inter - war years . RAF Spitalgate should not be confused with HQ of No . 5 Group that was located in a large private house , St Vincents Hall , Grantham from October 1937 to November 1943 and also known as RAF Grantham during its final years there . Also in November 1943 , elements of the HQ IX Troop Carrier Command of the USAAF were relocated to RAF Spitalgate , with their headquarters at St Vincents in the town centre . The station was also the training and point - of departure airfield for the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade during Operation Market Garden . The station was an Officer Cadet Training Unit ( OCTU ) in the 1950s . Much later it became the Women ' s Royal Air Force ( WRAF ) Depot , responsible for the recruitment and training of all non - commission ed females in the RAF , until this moved to RAF Swinderby . The site is not part of Grantham , but the parish of Londonthorpe & Harrowby Without . Spitalgate acted as a parent station for a relief landing ground four miles further south at RAF Harlaxton from November 1916 until 1945 . Modern day use . Spitalgate is now a Territorial Army Barracks since 1976 , called " Prince William of Gloucester Barracks " , occupied by the Royal Corps of Transport ( RCT ) reforming with the amalgimation into the Royal Logistic Corps ( RLC ) in 1992 , as 5 training regiment RLC where all Territorial Army RLC recruits visit the camp for training and trade training including all catering personnel ( former Army Catering Corps ) . Units . The site is also used by the Grantham & District Model Aircraft Society .
Balls 8 Balls 8 was a NASA Boeing NB - 52B mothership . It derives its nickname from its NASA tail number 52 - 008 : leading zeroes plus the number 8 . Among USAF personnel it is common practice to refer to aircraft whose tail number is a single number preceded by multiple zeros as " Balls " and the last number of its tail number . It was retired from active service with NASA on December 17 , 2004 after almost 50 years flying service . " Balls 8 " was famous for dropping aerospace research vehicles for 106 flights of the X - 15 . Like its NB - 52A predecessor , a pylon was fitted under the right wing between the fuselage and the inboard engines with a section removed from the right wing flap in order to accommodate the X - 15 ' s tail . It flew a total of 159 captive - carry and launch missions in support of the X - 15 program , from June 1959 until October 1968 . It also flew missions supporting the X - 24 , HiMAT , Lifting Body vehicles , X - 43 , early launches of the OSC Pegasus rocket and numerous others . " Balls 8 " was originally an RB - 52B that was first flown on June 11 , 1955 ; and entering service with NASA on June 8 , 1959 . It was the oldest active B - 52 still in service at the time of its retirement . It was modified at North American Aviation ' s Palmdale facility in order to allow it to carry the X - 15 . The modified bomber first was used to launch the X - 15 on its fifth flight , on January 23 , 1960 . " Balls 8 " was the last B - 52 in service of any type other than the H model . It also had the lowest total air time of any operational B - 52 . It is on permanent public display near the north gate of Edwards Air Force Base .
ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera ARC " Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera " is the sixth in a number of progressively improved heavy riverine patrol and support vessels of the Colombian Navy ( " Armada de la República de Colombia - ARC " ) . Specifically , it is classified as a PAF - IV ( Spanish : " Patrullera de Apoyo Fluvial - Pesada " - 4th generation ) . The ship is named in honor of the Marine Infantry Frigate Lieutenant Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera , who died in 2004 after wounds sustained in combat during operations in the Colombian eastern plains . Background . In addition to the more common tasks of a blue - water navy and coast guard , the Colombian Navy ( ARC ) also has shared responsibility for patrolling the extensive Colombian network of rivers . During the years 2000 - 2005 , the ARC had been slowly but steadily expanding and modernizing its fleet of PAF riverine patrol vessels , and had worked with COTECMAR in the indigenous design and construction of the previous types of PAF vessels ( generations I - III ) . By 2005 , the ARC commissioned COTECMAR for a new design that would include and build upon the experiences gathered with the previous generations of vessels . Some of the desired capabilities included extended range / endurance , helipad capability for provisioning and SAR / medevac , newer or upgraded offensive and defensive systems and improved support for embarked Marine Infantry units and smaller dependent patrol boats , such as the ' Piraña ' and ' Anguila ' boats . The futuristic look of ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera and its angled surfaces is due to the incorporation of modern design techniques in ballistic protection and marine shipbuilding , and has given rise to the occasional comment about it being a " stealth " vessel . It was designed and built by COTECMAR , a Colombian state - owned shipping design and construction company . Service . The vessel was launched into service in July 26 , 2006 . It is deployed to the rivers of the Pacific coast .
Battle of Nájera The Battle of Nájera , also known as the Battle of Navarrete , was fought on 3 April 1367 between an Anglo - Gascon army and Franco - Castilian forces near Nájera , in the province of La Rioja , Castile . The English were led by Edward , the Black Prince , and John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancaster , allied with Peter of Castile ( sometimes called " Peter the Cruel " ) against his brother Henry of Trastámara ( Spanish : Enrique II ) . Peter and Henry had been in armed conflict , the Castilian Civil War , for some time before the intervention of foreign powers was sought . Peter begged assistance from the Black Prince in Bordeaux to restore him to his throne . James IV of Majorca also agreed to support Peter . History . With 24 , 000 men , the Anglo - Gascon army marched south from Aquitaine and crossed the river Ebro at Logroño . They took control of the fortified village of Navarrete and continued towards Nájera to face Henry ' s Franco - Castilian army , the latter ' s strength being 60 , 000 . Despite the large size of his army , Henry ' s commander , Bertrand du Guesclin , was later reported to have been reluctant to face the English in a pitched battle , but he was overruled . The battle began with the English longbowmen gaining dominance over the French archers . Then , the English vanguard , led by Sir John Chandos and the Duke of Lancaster , attacked the French mercenaries commanded by Du Guesclin and Arnoul D ' Audrehem . The chronicler Froissart gives detailed information about the participants in the battle . The Castilian cavalry , under heavy arrow fire from the English longbowmen , fled early , leaving Henry ' s battle exposed to attack from the mounted English rearguard . The Franco - Castilian army disintegrated and retreated , pursued by the English , back to the bank of the river Najerilla . Du Guesclin was captured , but Henry escaped and fled . Peter and the English completely routed Henry and the French , inflicting heavy losses . Unlike at other battles of the Hundred Years ' War , at Nájera it was the English who were attacking dismounted French troops . As with many other battles of the period , the English longbow proved a significant advantage , probably for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula . However , the battle was of dubious long - term significance as Peter and the Black Prince fell out over money , and Peter was not able to maintain his rule for long without foreign support .
Blue Light Blue Light was a unit of the 5th Special Forces Group that existed into the early 1980s . According to Col . Charles Beckwith ' s memoirs , this counter - terrorist group was formed by U . S . Army Special Forces leadership who disagreed with or felt politically threatened by Beckwith ' s Delta Force , which existed outside of the Special Forces hierarchy . He stated that the unit was disbanded when Delta Force went operational . Charlie Beckwith ' s memoir , " Delta Force " , reports that commanders of the 5th Special Forces Group were asked by top brass of the Pentagon to quickly organize a Green Beret counter - terrorist unit to fill - in until Delta was fully operational ; Beckwith estimated it would take two years . Blue Light and Delta had a somewhat adversarial relationship for those two years . The traditional SF leadership felt that they could handle counter - terrorist duties within the Special Forces community ( with Blue Light ) . Delta existed outside of that bureaucracy , with a direct line to top DOD brass and the President . Delta therefore represented a political threat in the minds of some Special Forces commanders . Nevertheless , Delta went on to complete its initial certification exercise in July 1978 , and Blue Light was deactivated shortly thereafter . Allegedly , no Blue Light member applied to Delta nor was asked by Delta to do so . Incidentally though , Blue Light S - 2 , Capt . Tim Casey , was later one of the intelligence officers assigned to JTF 1 – 79 which commanded the ill - fated Eagle Claw . Origin of name . Blue Light may have been a randomly generated code name , or may be a reference to American radar officer ' s slang , in which " to bluelight " can reportedly be used as a verb , meaning " to detect a contact with radar , " thus metaphorically suggesting the ability to discover the enemy ' s hiding place .
701st Air Defense Squadron The 701st Air Defense Squadron was an Air National Guard unit stationed at Tyndall Air Force Base near Panama City , Florida . As part of First Air Force , it was responsible for the operation of NORAD ' s Continental United States Region Air Operations Center . The 701st was inactivated in 2007 and replaced with the 601st Air Operations Group . History . Before becoming the 701st ADS , the unit was known as the 701st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron and the 701st Radar Squadron . For most of its existence , the unit was located at Fort Fisher Air Force Station near Kure Beach , North Carolina . With the closure of Fort Fisher AFS in the late 1980s , the 701st was moved to Langley Air Force Base , Virginia and collocated with First Air Force headquarters . During this time the unit also became the 701st Air Defense Squadron . In 1991 , both First Air Force and the 701st relocated to Tyndall AFB . Between 1995 and 1997 , both organizations transitioned from the US Air Force to the Air National Guard . As part of the transition , active duty 701st military pesonnel were replaced with members of the Florida Air National Guard . After the September 11 attacks , the role of homeland defense was greatly expanded necessitating a restructuring of First Air Force units . Part of this expansion was the inactivation of the 701st and its replacement by the 601st Air Operations Group .
Erich Pietzonka Erich Pietzonka ( 4 October 1906 – 18 December 1989 ) , was a German Fallschirmjäger during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Hartenberg Hartenberg ( sometimes also Hartenberk ) is ruin of chateau , formerly castle over village Hřebeny in district Sokolov . History . Hartenberg castle was probably built in the early 13th century by lords of Hartenberg . The first information is from the year 1214 . Hartenberg family owned the castle until 1362 , when Tema of Koldice obtained it from them and traded it in 1364 with Charles IV for the property Budysin . At the beginning of 15th century Hartenberg family received the castle again but soon they sold it to Jan Malerik His descendants used the castle as the center of robbery attacks and that was why in 1459 the castle was besieged by the military of the town Cheb , conquered and plundered . Later Šliks owned the castle , the town of Loket and Písnic family who held it more than 150 years . In the second half of the 18th century , the Auersperk family inherited the castle . From the 17th to the 19th century , modifications occurred to the chateau . The last owner of Hartenberg was Frantiska Kopalova who inherited it in 1913 from her mother , Mary . And she was in 1945 , after Second World War , relocated to Germany . After 1945 the castle was owned by State forests and was used as a warehouse and granary . In 1983 , there were plans for its reconstruction . But it ultimately never happened . From 1984 - 1991 , the castle was several times deliberately set on fire , and turned in ruins . The castle is now owned by Bedřich Loos , a private owner who tries to maintain and repair the castle . There was elaborated the so - called Hartenberg Workshop . Already more than a thousand volunteers from all over the world participated in the repair of the castle . This workshop is the largest volunteer program in Europe .
GAM - 67 Crossbow The GAM - 67 Crossbow was a jet - powered anti - radar missile built by Northrop ' s Ventura Division ( successor to the Radioplane Company ) . Development . In the late 1940s , the Radioplane Company developed a set of prototypes of the Q - 1 target series , which used pulsejet or small turbojet engines . Although the Q - 1 series was not put into production as a target , it did evolve into the USAF RP - 54D / XB - 67 / XGAM - 67 Crossbow anti - radar missile , which was first flown in 1956 . It was also considered as a platform for reconnaissance , electronic countermeasures , and decoy roles . The Crossbow had a cigar - shaped fuselage , straight wings , a straight twin - fin tail , and an engine inlet under the belly . It was powered by a Continental J69 turbojet engine , with 4 . 41 kN ( 450 kgf / 1 , 000 lbf ) thrust . Two Crossbows could be carried by a Boeing B - 50 Superfortress bomber , while four Crossbows could be carried by a Boeing B - 47 Stratojet bomber . Only 14 Crossbows were built before the program was cancelled in 1957 , in favor of a more sophisticated system that ended up being cancelled in turn . However , it did point the way to the range of missions that would be performed by UAVs in later decades .
Camp Butner Camp Butner was a United States Army installation in Butner , North Carolina during World War II . It was named after Army General Henry W . Butner . Part of it was used as a POW - Camp for German prisoners of war in the United States . Several major US Army formations used the camp as a staging area during the war , to assemble and organize prior to being deployed to the Western Front . These formations include the 78th Infantry Division . After the war , the Camp was used as a major facility for the demobilization and deactivation of Army units returning from the war . Among the units deactivated at the camp were the 3d United States Infantry Regiment and the 4th Infantry Division . The Camp was also the location of a Battalion Surgeon ' s Assistant school . Today . Camp Butner Training Center is currently under North Carolina Army National Guard ownership . Since 2005 it has played host to the Civilian Marksmanship Program ' s Eastern Junior Highpower Clinic & Championship , taught by the United States Marine Corps Mobile Marksmanship Unit .
Georg Bonk Georg Bonk ( 12 March 1917 – 10 October 1982 ) was a highly decorated " Oberfeldwebel der Reserve " in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
James M . Seitzinger James M . Seitzinger ( 1846 — 1924 ) was an American recipient of Medal of Honor with which he was awarded on March 1 , 1906 . Biography . Seitzinger was born on November 24 , 1846 in Pottsville , Pennsylvania . In April 1864 , he joined Company G of the 116th Pennsylvania Infantry along with his father Israel . Together they fought in the Battle of the Wilderness , Battle of Cold Harbor , Battle of Spotsylvania and Battle of Petersburg . On August 25 , 1864 he was nominated for the Medal of Honor recipient , for his courageous flag rescue , but didn ' t receive the medal until March 1 , 1906 . He died at the age of 77 , on January 14 , 1924 and was buried at Christ Church Cemetery in Fountain Springs , Pennsylvania .
Ōdera Yasuzumi Life and career . Ōdera was born in Satsuma Domain ( present day Kagoshima Prefecture ) , as the second son of a " samurai " in the service of the Shimazu clan . He studied at the domain ’ s military academy , and fought in the Boshin War of the Meiji restoration . In 1872 , he entered the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army as a second lieutenant . He was soon promoted to lieutenant , and in February 1874 , Ōdera participated in the suppression of the Saga Rebellion , followed by the Taiwan Expedition of 1874 . He later served in the Hiroshima Military District , the IJA 12th Infantry Regiment , During the Satsuma Rebellion , he was a company ( military unit ) commander . Ōdera subsequently served with the IJA 11th Infantry Regiment , as a brigade commander in IJA 8th Infantry Regiment , and as a brigade commander in the Imperial Guards . He was promoted to captain in 1888 , after which he served as chief of staff of the IJA 2nd Division , IJA 4th Division and IJA 1st Division s and was sent to Europe as a military attaché . In November 1894 , Ōdera was promoted to major general and made commander of the IJA 11th Infantry Regiment . While leading his troops during the Battle of Weihaiwei in the First Sino - Japanese War against the land fortifications guarding the naval base , his position was hit by an artillery shell fired by the Beiyang Army defenders . Ōdera was the only Japanese general killed in combat during the war . Ōdera was posthumously promoted to 3rd Court rank , and his son was ennobled with the title of baron ( " danshaku " ) under the " kazoku " peerage system . Ōdera ’ s grave is at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo , and some of his personal effects are on display at the Yūshūkan Museum associated with Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo .
12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings Two car bomb s exploded in Baghdad , Iraq at 12 : 20 on 12 February 2007 in the Shorja market district , killing 76 people , and injuring 155 – 180 . The explosions set market stalls , shops , and an adjoining 7 - storey building on fire , causing further casualties , and local fire - crews struggled for hours to extinguish the flames . The collapse of a building was also reported . The injured were taken to the nearby Al - Kindi hospital , which struggled to cope with the influx , and more casualties are expected from injuries . Al - Askari anniversary . The bombings happened during 15 minutes of state endorsed silence , to mark the anniversary of the Al - Askari Mosque bombing in Samarra , which prompted heavy bloodshed . The Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al - Maliki was participating in a televised ceremony remembering the victims of the attack , and was speaking when the blasts occurred , only two miles away . Al - Maliki had been calling for calm , unity and reconciliation , and had said that the Iraqi Security Forces were regaining control of Iraq ' s security situation .
Advisory War Council ( Australia ) The Advisory War Council ( AWC ) was an Australian Government body during World War II . The AWC was established on 28 October 1940 to draw all the major political parties in the Parliament of Australia into the process of making decisions on Australia ' s war effort and was disbanded on 30 August 1945 . History . After the United Australia Party - Country Party coalition ' s narrow victory in the 1940 federal election Prime Minister Robert Menzies proposed establishing a government of national unity with the Australian Labor Party ( ALP ) opposition . The opposition leader John Curtin rejected this proposal but agreed to join an advisory body without executive powers . The council first met on 29 October and comprised four government Cabinet ministers , three members of the opposition and Frederick Shedden , the Secretary of the War Cabinet . The AWC was retained after the ALP gained government in October 1941 . The new government also adopted the principle that the Australian War Cabinet would normally adopt any AWC recommendation supported by the majority of ministers . Labor ' s landslide victory in the 1943 federal election meant that the government did not need to reach compromises with the opposition , but the AWC was maintained as a courtesy . The AWC was disbanded on 30 August 1945 at the recommendation of the opposition members .
Treaty of Margus The Treaty of Margus was a treaty between the Huns and the Roman Empire , signed in Margus , Moesia Superior ( modern day Požarevac , Serbia ) . It was signed by Roman consul Plintha in 435 . Among other stipulations , the treaty doubled the annual tributes the Romans agreed to pay in a previous treaty from 350 pounds of gold to 700 pounds of gold per annum , it also stipulated that the Romans would not enter into any alliances with enemies of the Huns . The Huns breached the treaty in 440 when Bleda and Attila attacked Castra Constantias , a Roman fortress and marketplace on the banks of the Danube .
Mexico in World War I As the Revolution was unfolding in Mexico from 1910 to 1920 , the first World War broke out in Europe , lasting from 1914 to 1918 . Mexico benefited in some respects from the war , among them the greater demand for oil , as well as for other mineral resources , by the European powers , increasing the quantity of economic resources being obtained from these sources . Germany , via the Zimmermann Telegram , proposed an alliance with Mexico for various reasons , such as its strategic position and its role as provider of oil to the allied powers . The proposal was rejected by Venustiano Carranza , leader of the Constitutionalist movement .
Ateke Tom Ateke Tom is the leader of the Niger Delta Vigilante , an ethnic Ijaw militia in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria . In August 2007 following days of gun fights between various militia groups and security forces in Port Harcourt , Ateke Tom wrote to the Governor , Celestine Omehia , requesting for amnesty in response to an offer of clemency and rehabilitation the government had offered to militia who surrendered . On 1 October 2009 , the 49th anniversary of Nigerian independence and three days before the closing of a government amnesty program , Tom willingly surrendered to President Musa Yaradua at the Government House , Abuja . The presidential jet was sent to fly Tom to Abuja , and the President stated that " Today , Chief Tom Ateke you have given me my 49th independence anniversary gift and I cherish it so much . " Also present at the surrender were Vice - President Goodluck Jonathan , Minister of Defence , Gen Godwin Abbe , Secretary to the Government of the Federation , Yayale Ahmed , Chief of Defence Staff , Air Chief Marshall Paul Dike and the National Security Adviser , Sarki Mukta among others .