naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Saguntum The Battle of Saguntum on 25 October 1811 saw the French Army of Aragon under Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet fighting a Spanish army led by Lieutenant General Joaquín Blake y Joyes . The Spanish attempt to raise the siege of the castle of Sagunto ( Saguntum ) failed when the French , Italians , and Poles drove their troops off the battlefield in rout . The action took place during the Peninsular War , part of the Napoleonic Wars . The city lies a short distance from the east coast of Spain , about north of Valencia . Suchet invaded the province of Valencia in September 1811 . He tried to quickly seize the castle of Saguntum , but its garrison repulsed two attacks and the French - Allied army was forced to lay siege to the ancient fortress . When Blake ' s army advanced from Valencia , Suchet posted his smaller army to resist the Spanish . Blake ' s attack on Suchet ' s right flank went awry and soon the poorly trained Spanish troops were fleeing . The Spanish troops attacking Suchet ' s left flank were made of sterner stuff , however , and the contest there was more severe . Finally , the French - Allied troops gained the upper hand and put the entire Spanish army to flight . Blake ' s soldiers limped back to Valencia where they tried to put that city ' s defences in order . Result . Spanish losses numbered 6 , 000 killed and wounded , plus several hundred prisoners , some cannons , and four colors . The 2 , 500 - man garrison of Saguntum , demoralized after watching their relief army scattered , surrendered the next day . Suchet lost only 1 , 000 killed and wounded , but apart from the seizing the castle , he was unable to immediately capitalize on his victory . His army was too small to capture Valencia , especially after his battle losses and the need to provide a garrison for Saguntum . For several weeks the French - Allies paused to wait for reinforcements before launching the next phase of their offensive .
Laguna Army Airfield Laguna Army Airfield is a military airport located at Yuma Proving Ground , 12 nautical miles ( 22 km ) northeast of the central business district of Yuma , a city in Yuma County , Arizona , United States . Facilities . Laguna Army Airfield has two asphalt paved runways : 18 / 36 measuring 6 , 118 by 150 feet ( 1 , 865 x 46 m ) and 6 / 24 measuring 6 , 000 by 100 feet ( 1 , 829 x 30 m ) .
Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war ( POW ) held separately during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North - Vietnamese captors . These eleven POWs were : George Thomas Coker , Jeremiah Denton , Harry Jenkins , Sam Johnson , George McKnight , James Mulligan , Howard Rutledge , Robert Shumaker , James Stockdale , Ronald Storz , and Nels Tanner . These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 in a special facility ( dubbed " Alcatraz " by Stockdale ) behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense , about a mile away from the Hanoi Hilton . The prisoners were shackled with legcuffs every night in 3 - by - 9 - foot cells with the light on around the clock . These " 11 prisoners of war were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners ' resistance " . Stockdale once tried to kill himself so that the North Vietnamese could not force him to make a propaganda film . The suicide attempt failed and the film was never made . Of Stockdale , Coker said " He was probably the strongest , most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment " . Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang , being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Hỏa Lò Prison ( " Hanoi Hilton " ) . The POWs considered some things as just " mistreatment " not real torture , such as their ankles being shackled to the floor . Being hung from the ceiling by ropes , however , was torture . The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank , highest to lowest . Coker was the youngest and lowest ranking of the eleven POWs and was taken in last . He said he is still grateful for every minute the others held out . During the end of his session , something changed and the session stopped , which the POWs thought was because of a political decision from higher authorities to stop the sessions . All of the prisoners except Storz were moved to other prisons in December 1969 . Storz , debilitated from sickness and untreated injuries , was left behind and died in captivity on 23 April 1970 . When they were released , so much had changed back in America that Coker said it was as if " . . . we weren ' t here ( in America ) at all . We were strangers in our own country , and we didn ' t like a lot of what we saw " . Many still have throbbing in joints from the rope torture and Coker ' s wife says , " In his sleep , he holds up ' the wall ' " . Coker says , " If you ' re never tested , you don ' t know ( what you can do ) " . Three of the surviving POWs had died by November 2008 . The others keep in close touch .
HMS Royal James ( 1671 ) HMS " Royal James " was a 102 - gun first rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy , built by Sir Anthony Deane at Portsmouth Dockyard at a cost of £24 , 000 , and launched on 31 March 1671 . She was one of only three Royal Navy ships to be equipped with the Rupertinoe naval gun . She fought at the Battle of Solebay on 7 June 1672 ( 28 May 1672 O . S . ) as Admiral Edward Montagu ' s flagship . She was attacked by first " Dolfijn " , and then " Groot Hollandia " , before finally coming under attack by Dutch fireships . " Royal James " was destroyed by the fire and sank . Montagu died , although the ship ' s Captain , Richard Haddock , survived and went on to hold a distinguished career in the Navy . She had seen barely four months service .
USS Security ( AMc - 103 ) USS " Security " ( AMc - 103 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Security " was laid down on 29 April 1941 by H . G . Marr , Damariscotta , Maine ; launched on 27 September 1941 ; sponsored by Miss Louise Marr ; and placed in service on 11 March 1942 , Lt . ( jg . ) R . C . Robbins , Jr . , USNR , officer in charge . World War II service . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Security " , a wooden - hulled coastal minesweeper , trained at Yorktown , Virginia , from 27 March to 11 April , then began operations out of Morehead City , North Carolina . On 20 May 1944 , she was detached from the 5th Naval District and re - assigned to the 1st Naval District where she operated into May 1945 . With the end of the war in Europe however , she was designated for inactivation ; and , on 25 July , she was ordered south to the 6th Naval District to await disposal . She arrived at Charleston , South Carolina , on 8 August and was placed out of service on 16 November . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 28 November , and she was sold , via the Maritime Commission ' s War Shipping Administration , on 13 August 1946 to Mr . Philip Filetto , Gloucester , Massachusetts .
USS Macabi ( SS - 375 ) USS " Macabi " ( SS - 375 ) was a of the United States Navy , named for the macabi , a bonefish ( " Albula vulpes " ) living in tropical seas and off the American coasts as far north as San Diego and Long Island and reaching a length of . " Macabi " was laid down 1 May 1944 by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co . , Manitowoc , Wisc . ; launched 19 September 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Arthur S . Carpender , wife of Rear Admiral Carpender ; and commissioned 29 March 1945 , Commander Anthony H . Dropp in command . Following trials on Lake Michigan , " Macabi " , on 19 April , entered a floating drydock at Lockport , Ill . , to transit the Chicago Canal to the Mississippi River , and arrived New Orleans 26 April . Three days later she left for shakedown operations off Panama . On 3 June " Macabi " departed Balboa , Canal Zone , for final training at Pearl Harbor before departing 9 July for the Caroline Islands via Guam , Marianas . She went on lifeguard station off Truk on arriving 21 July . Some 10 days later " Macabi " was forced to dive to avoid two aerial bombs off Moen Island . She returned to Apra Harbor , Guam , for repairs 4 August through 13 August ; and was on her way back to Truk when hostilities with Japan were terminated . " Macabi " was then ordered home , touching Pearl Harbor 27 August to 29 August on the way . Arriving San Francisco 5 September , she entered Mare Island Navy Yard 12 December for inactivation overhaul and decommissioned 16 June 1946 . ARA " Santa Fe " ( S - 11 ) . On 1 April 1960 the US Navy and the Argentine Navy signed an agreement to transfer two submarines , " Macabi " and . " Macabi " was loaned to Argentina under the Military Assistance Program 11 August 1960 , and renamed ARA " Santa Fe " ( S - 11 ) , while " Lamprey " was renamed ARA " Santiago del Estero " ( S - 12 ) . The commander of " Santa Fe " was Capitán de Corbeta Julio A . Aureggi . The submarines left San Francisco 23 September 1960 , arriving at Naval Base Mar del Plata 30 November of the same year . " Santa Fe " was struck from the US Naval Register , and sold outright to Argentina , 1 September 1971 ; she was deleted and broken up by the Argentine Navy for spare parts in 1972 .
Battle of Alnwick ( 1093 ) The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick , in Northumberland , England . In the battle , which occurred on 13 November 1093 , Malcolm III of Scotland , also known as Malcolm Canmore , was killed together with his son Edward , by an army of knights led by Robert de Mowbray . Background . At the time that William II of England , known as William Rufus , came to power , the control of northern Northumbria was still an open question . William set about rectifying this by appointing strong barons who would control the border and prevent Scottish incursions . It appears that Malcolm Canmore had ambitions regarding both Cumbria and Northumbria , and in May 1091 he invaded Northumbria and besieged Durham . William Rufus was forced to lead a large army north to meet this threat . He advanced into Scotland with Malcolm retreating in front of his army . Eventually a truce was negotiated and William withdrew . The following year William strengthened his position in Cumbria to prevent the possibility of a Scottish invasion there . The events leading up to the next invasion are unclear , but in November 1093 , Malcolm led an army into Northumbria and began to besiege Alnwick . The battle . At that time Robert de Mowbray was Earl of Northumbria , having been pardoned following his part in the Rebellion of 1088 , against William II . He was also governor of Bamburgh Castle , a stronghold on the Northumbrian coast . Mowbray did not have a sufficient force at his command to oppose the Scottish army in open battle . However he set out to try to relieve Alnwick . He arrived there with his forces on 13 November ( known as St Brice ’ s Day ) and catching the Scottish army by surprise , the English knights attacked them before the ramparts of Alnwick . Both Malcolm Canmore and his son Edward were killed in the fighting . The spring near which they died , subsequently became known as “ Malcolm ’ s Spring ” or “ Malcolm ’ s Well ” . With Malcolm ’ s death the Scottish army found itself leaderless , and so headed back to Scotland . The body of Malcolm and his son were interred at Tynemouth Priory . There is uncertainty as to whether Malcolm ’ s body was re - interred in Dunfermline Abbey . The aftermath . Malcolm ’ s death was soon followed by that of his queen , Margaret . The death of Malcolm and his heir meant that there was a dispute over the succession between Malcolm ’ s surviving sons and his younger brother Donald Bane . Donald became king but a civil war began with Malcolm ’ s sons trying to displace him . The lack of a strong , undisputed king in Scotland suited William Rufus well . Robert de Mowbray , who defeated Malcolm , subsequently joined a baronial conspiracy against William Rufus , in 1095 , and , as a result , was dispossessed and imprisoned for life . A rough stone memorial was placed to mark the place of the battle . This was replaced in 1774 by a more sophisticated one , erected by the Duchess of Northumberland .
2nd Missouri Regiment of Colored Infantry The Second Missouri Regiment of Colored Infantry was African - American infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Redesignated as the 65th Regiment of U . S . Colored Troops on March 11 , 1864 . Service . Attached to Dept . of Missouri to June 1864 . Provisional Brigade , District of Morganza , La . , Dept . of the Gulf , to September 1864 . 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , United States Colored Troops , District of Morganza , Dept . of the Gulf , to February 1865 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , United States Colored Troops , District of Morganza , La . , Dept . of the Gulf , to May 1865 . Northern District of Louisiana and Dept . of the Gulf to January 1867 . Detailed Service . Garrison duty at Morganza , La . , until May 1865 . Ordered to Port Hudson , La . Garrison duty there and at Baton Rouge and in Northern District of Louisiana until January 1867 . Mustered out January 8 , 1867 . Founding of Lincoln University . One of the soldiers ' most important achievements came at the end of the war . Between duties , and after the termination of hostilities , soldiers of the 62nd and 65th U . S . Colored Troops had been learning to read and write . The troops of these three regiments agreed that they wished to continue their studies as civilians . The soldiers and their officers signed resolutions pledging to work to establish a school " for the special benefit of free blacks " . Troops of the 65th U . S . C . T . were energetic in working towards this goal , raising $ 1 , 300 to support the establishment of the planned educational institution . This effort eventually lead to the opening of the Lincoln Institute ( now Lincoln University ) in Jefferson City , Missouri on September 16 , 1866 . and http : / / adamarenson . com / the - great - heart - of - the - republic / errata / Total strength and casualties . Regiment lost during service 6 Officers and 49 Enlisted men by disease .
Spanish Air Force Anthem When the Spanish Air Force was created in 1940 , an anthem was created , but was changed in 1967 to what is currently sung today . It was created by José María Pemán and Ricardo Dorado and was chosen among 198 other works presented to a competition call by the Spanish Air Ministry .
Old Lochmaben Castle Lochmaben Castle was a 12th - century castle on the spit of land between Loch Kirk and Loch Castle , in Lochmaben , Scotland . The motte and bailey castle was built in the 12th century by the de Brus family , Lords of Annandale . The castle became the main seat of the de Brus family after Annan Castle was partially destroyed during a flood in the 12th century . The castle was captured in 1298 by King Edward I of England . King Edward began to make improvements to the castle , before deciding to build " New " Lochmaben Castle as a replacement in 14th century , to the south - east .
Maximilian Felzmann Maximilian Felzmann ( 22 April 1894 – 8 June 1962 ) was a General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Maximilian Felzmann was captured by American troops in May 1945 and held until 1947 .
Tourville - class frigate The F67 type is a class of large high - sea ( blue water ) destroyers of the French Navy specialised in anti - submarine warfare . They have anti - air and anti - surface capabilities . Between 1994 and 1996 , the " Tourville " and the " De Grasse " were refitted with the modern SLASM anti - submarine system , and active Very Low Frequency ( VLF ) sonar . Design . The ships are an enlarged version of the F65 class frigate " Aconit " . They have two shaft steam turbine machinery and a double hangar for two Lynx helicopters . They were the first ships fitted with the marine version of the Crotale surface to air missile system . A Malafon anti - submarine missile system was fitted when the ships were built but this was removed during refits in the late 1980s . Optimized for anti - submarine warfare , and carrying towed as well as hull - mounted sonar arrays , the " Tourville " s were typically placed in the destroyer category of warship and carry destroyer pennant numbers . Similar in many regards to the unmodified destroyers , they carried a similar combination of sensors , naval guns , anti - ship and anti - submarine weapons , aircraft and surface - to - air missiles . Additionally , they were well - regarded for their seakeeping , serving much of their careers in the Atlantic rather than with France ' s Mediterranean fleet . Ships . The three ships of the class , D612 " De Grasse " , D611 " Duguay - Trouin " and the D610 " Tourville " , are named major figures from French naval history . De Grasse and Tourville were French admirals and Duguay - Trouin coming to fame as a privateer . The three ships of the class were all constructed by Arsenal de Lorient .
Euzko Gudarostea Euzko Gudarostea ( modern spelling : Eusko Gudarostea , " Basque army " ) was the name of the army commanded by the Basque Government during the Spanish civil war . It was formed by Basque nationalists , socialists and communists under the direction of " lendakari " José Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the army of the Second Spanish Republic . It fought the troops of Francisco Franco during 1936 and 1937 . It surrendered to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie at Santoña ( province of Cantabria ) , while the rest of the Republican army kept fighting until 1939 . This event is referred as the Treason of Santoña by some Spanish leftists . Gudari . The Basque word for a soldier , " gudari " ( plural " gudariak " ) , is a neologism ( from " guda " , " war " , thus meaning " warrior " literally ) . The Standard Basque word is the Romance - derived " soldadu " . Like other Basque nationalist neologisms ( " ikurriña " , " lendakari " ) , the meaning of " gudari " has been restricted to Basque concepts . The Basque word for an army is the Romance - derived " armada " . The members of the Basque militant ETA consider themselves " gudariak " continuing the struggle of the Civil War Basque soldiers . This is contested by those war veterans that support the Basque Nationalist Party , Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party or Communist Party . The " Gudari Eguna " ( " warrior day " ) is thus celebrated separately :
Hermann Esser Hermann Esser ( 29 July 1900 – 7 February 1981 ) entered the Nazi party with Adolf Hitler in 1920 , became the editor of the Nazi paper , " Völkischer Beobachter " , and a Nazi member of the Reichstag . In the early history of the party , he was Hitler ' s de facto deputy . Esser was born in Röhrmoos , Kingdom of Bavaria . He did service in World War I in the Kgl . Bayerischen 19 , Fussartillerie - Regiment and was for a short time a Social Democrat . He was an effective public speaker and was the Nazi party ' s first chief of propaganda . After the Beer Hall Putsch fiasco , he was excluded from the party , along with Julius Streicher , under the temporary leadership of the Strassers . He was a renowned pervert and after being involved in a scandal in which he sexually assaulted the underage daughter of a businessman , disgusted other top Nazis , leading to his suspension from the organisation . Even Hitler said of him : ' I know Esser is a scoundrel , but I shall hold on to him as long as he is useful to me . ' But he knew too much to be cast aside , and Hitler gave him various minor roles in the party . He was a good public speaker and was later re - admitted by Hitler and became influential in the reorganisation of the party . From 1929 to 1933 , he was the party ' s floor leader in Munich ' s city council . Afterwards , he became a member of the Reichstag and Bavaria ' s minister of economics . From 1939 to the end of the war he served as the undersecretary for tourism in the Reich propaganda ministry . He was imprisoned twice for a total of four years and died in Dietramszell , Bavaria aged 80 in 1981 .
USS Sovereign ( 1855 ) The first USS " Sovereign " ( 1855 ) was a 336 - ton steamer captured on the Mississippi River by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War . The Navy placed " Sovereign " in service as a commissary ship , which is a ship ' s tender responsible for providing ships with provisions . Later in the war , she was used by the Navy as a barracks ship for ship workers . Built in Pennsylvania in 1855 . " Sovereign " — a side wheel steamer built in 1855 at Shpusetown , Pennsylvania — operated on the Mississippi River and its tributaries during the years preceding the Civil War . She was acquired by the Confederacy in 1861 and served as a transport on the same river system . Captured by Union Navy forces . On 5 June 1862 , on the Mississippi River near Island No . 37 , she was fired upon by and , as Union tugboat closed for action , was abandoned by her crew . However , a 16 - year old lad who was loyal to the Union remained on board , removed weights from the steamer ' s safety valves , wetted down her fires , and signaled " Spitfire " with a white sheet . A prize crew from the Union tug then took possession of the ship . " Sovereign " was condemned by the Illinois prize court and formally purchased by the Union Navy on 9 January 1863 . Service with the Union Navy . Meanwhile , in the summer of 1862 , she had been placed in service as a commissary boat for the Western Flotilla under the command of First Master Thomas Baldwin . She served for the most part off the mouth of the Yazoo River tending combatant ships during operations against Vicksburg , Mississippi . After the Confederate river fortress fell , she ascended the river to Cairo , Illinois , where she was laid up and used as quarters for workmen in the navy yard . Post - war decommissioning . Following the collapse of the Confederacy , " Sovereign " was sold at public auction at Cairo , Illinois , on 29 November 1865 to S . Homer .
8th Space Warning Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 8th Space Warning Squadron ( 8 SWS ) is an Air Force Reserve missile warning unit located at Buckley AFB , Colorado . 8 SWS works alongside its active duty counterpart , the 2d Space Warning Squadron , on the DSP and SBIRS programs .
INS Prahar ( K98 ) INS " Prahar " ( K98 ) was a Veer class corvette of the Indian Navy . Operations . In October 1999 , the Panamanian - registered Japan ese cargo ship , " MV Alondra Rainbow " was hijacked by pirates off Indonesia . The crew were left adrift and rescued off Phuket , Thailand . The ship carrying Aluminum ingots was re - painted as " MV Mega Rama " . She was spotted off Kochi , sailing towards the Pakistan coast . She was chased by " ICGS Tarabai " of the Indian Coast Guard , but the small - arms fire of " Tarabai " failed to stop the vessel . " INS Prahar " joined the operation , and fired a shell which started a fire in the hijacked ship ' s engine room . The pirates attempted to scuttle the ship , but she was boarded by the crew of " Prahar " and " Tarabai " . The pirates were arrested and the " Alondra Rainbow " was rescued and towed to Mumbai . Collision . On April 22 , 2006 INS " Prahar " collided with a container ship " MV Rajiv Gandhi " , and sank off the coast of Goa . No one was injured in the accident . The commanding officer of the ship , Lieutenant Commander Yogesh Tripathi was found guilty of negligence by an Indian Navy court - martial , and dismissed from service .