naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Nightingale ( AMS - 50 ) USS " Nightingale " ( MSC ( O ) - 50 / AMS - 50 / YMS - 290 ) was a acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . Operational history . The fifth ship to be named " Nightingale " by the Navy , " YMS - 290 " was built by the Associated Shipbuilding Co . , Seattle , Washington , as " YMS – 290 " ; launched 27 February 1943 ; sponsored by Miss Suzanne Marion , granddaughter of A . F . Marion , General Manager of Lake Union Drydock and Machine Works ; and commissioned 17 July 1943 . After shakedown and training in Puget Sound , she departed for the western Pacific Ocean via Pearl Harbor . Throughout World War II she operated exclusively in the Pacific . She participated in the Gilbert Islands operations 13 November through 8 December , and continued minesweeping operations until the end of hostilities . " YMS - 290 " was then assigned to minesweeping activities in the Kobe - Fukuoka area of Japan . Returning from Japanese waters " YMS - 290 " reached Boston , Massachusetts , and was assigned to the 1st Naval District as a Naval Reserve Training ship . On 1 September 1947 the ship was renamed " Nightingale " and reclassified to " AMS – 50 " . She continued as a Naval Reserve training ship until March 1950 , when she put in at Green Cove Springs , Florida , and decommissioned . " Nightingale " recommissioned February 1951 and served with the Mine Force , Atlantic Fleet . She operated out of Charleston , South Carolina , providing service along the U . S . East Coast from Yorktown , Virginia , to Panama City , Florida . Her home port was temporarily shifted to Panama City 1 January 1955 while she provided services for the Navy ’ s Mine Defense Laboratory . She was re - designated MSC ( O ) – 50 on 7 February and then returned to Charleston . She remained in an active status until 1 November 1959 , when she decommissioned , was struck from the Navy List , and was sold for scrap .
At the Abyss : An Insider ' s History of the Cold War At the Abyss : An Insider ' s History of the Cold War ( ISBN 0 - 89141 - 821 - 0 ) is an autobiographical book about Thomas C . Reed ' s experience at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through his time as an advisor to President Ronald Reagan . It reveals new details about the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis , the Central Intelligence Agency , the Farewell Dossier , and other facets of the Cold War .
Ford 3 - Ton M1918 The Ford 3 - Ton M1918 was one of the first light tank designs by the U . S . It was a small two - man , one - gun tank . It was armed with a M1919 Browning machine gun and could reach a maximum speed of 8 mph . History . Design on the 3 - ton tank started in mid - 1918 . The 3 - Ton was designed so that American forces could use another tank besides the Renault FT - 17 in battle . The initial production run of the 3 - ton was of fifteen vehicles , one of these was sent to France for testing . A contract for 15 , 000 of these vehicles was awarded ; however , the U . S tank corps felt it did not meet the requirements they wanted . The contract for the 15 , 000 tanks was ended by the Armistice , leaving only the fifteen original vehicles produced .
Military dummy Dummies and decoy s are fake military equipment that are intended to deceive the enemy . Dummies and decoys are only one aspect of military deception . Examples . During World War II , multiple dummy airfields and even towns were used in England to divert German bombers from the real targets . At the Battle of La Ciotat in 1944 , American aircraft dropped hundreds of dummy paratoopers ( Paradummies ) just north of La Ciotat , France . The goal of this operation was to divert German troops away from the main landing zones of Operation Dragoon . Additionally , during World War II , Operation Quicksilver was an attempt to mislead the Germans as to the location of the D - Day invasion using dummy military equipment . A naval example was the British battleship HMS " Centurion " . Obsolete and disarmed by World War II , she spent two years in the Mediterannean fitted with wooden guns , to make British naval forces in the area seem stronger than they were . Likewise , " Fleet tender " was the codename for a number of British merchant ships that fitted with dummy structures to resemble warships . An intercontinental ballistic missile may release decoys in addition to one or more warheads .
Ethyl bromoacetate Ethyl 2 - bromoacetate is the chemical compound with the formula CHBrCOCH . It is the ethyl ester of bromoacetic acid and is prepared in two steps from acetic acid . It is a lachrymator and has a fruity , pungent odor . It is also a highly toxic alkylating agent and may be fatal if inhaled . Applications . In World War I , ethyl bromoacetate was used as a lachrymatory agent and tear gas agent for chemical warfare under the German code " Weisskreuz " ( White Cross ) , and later as odorant or warning agent in odorless , toxic gases . It is listed by the World Health Organization as a riot control agent , and was first employed for that purpose by French police in 1912 . The French may have employed gas grenades of this substance in 1914 during World War I . The German army then used this attack to justify their subsequent employment of chemical weapon s in 1915 . In organic synthesis , it is a versatile alkylating agent . Its major application involves the Reformatsky reaction , wherein it reacts with zinc to form a zinc enolate . The resulting BrZnCHCOEt condenses with carbonyl compounds to give a β - hydroxy - esters . It is also the starting point for the preparation of several other reagents . For example , the related Wittig reagent ( prepared by reaction with triphenylphosphine ) is commonly used to prepare alpha , beta - unsaturated ester s from carbonyl compounds such as benzaldehyde :
Clifford F . Young Clifford F . Young was a major in the United States Army and was a commanding officer of the Dixie Mission , an American observation mission to Yan ' an , China , in 1944 to investigate and establish official relations with the Chinese Communists .
Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus Titus Virginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus was a Roman statesman who served as Consul . Consulship and military campaigns . Titus Verginius Tricostus Caelimontanus was the Roman consul in 496 BC , along with Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis . Livy reported that it was the year of the Battle of Lake Regillus ; Aulus Postumius Albus had abdicated his consulship and was named dictator . Dionysius of Halicarnassus reported that Titus Virginius had commanded a corps under the orders of the dictator at the Battle of Lake Regillus . < br >
DFS 230 The DFS 230 was a German transport glider operated by the Luftwaffe in World War II . It was developed in 1933 by the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug ( DFS - " German Research Institute for Sailplane Flight " ) with Hans Jacobs as the head designer . The glider was the German inspiration for the British Hotspur glider and was intended for paratrooper assault operations . The glider could carry 9 soldiers with equipment or a payload of about 1 , 200 kg . They were used in the landings at Fort Eben - Emael and Crete , as well as in North Africa and in the rescue of Benito Mussolini and for supplying the defenders of " Festung Budapest " , until February 12 , 1945 .
10 cm Gebirgshaubitze M 99 The 10 cm Gebirgshaubitze M 99 was a mountain howitzer used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . It consisted of the bronze barrel of the 10 cm Feldhaubitze M 99 on a new , narrow - gauge carriage that could be broken down for transport on animal carts . Like its brother , it lacked a modern recoil system , using only an ineffective spring - mounted spade brake , and was virtually obsolescent upon its introduction . Relatively few were made as the version of the standard 10 cm Feldhaubitze M 99 with a narrow , carriage was cheaper .
South Texas Regional Airport at Hondo South Texas Regional Airport at Hondo is a public use airport located two nautical miles ( 4 km ) northwest of the central business district of Hondo , a city in Medina County , Texas , United States . It is owned by the City of Hondo and was formerly known as Hondo Municipal Airport . This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011 – 2015 , which categorized it as a " general aviation " facility . History . The airport has its origins in 1942 with the establishment by the Army Air Corps of Hondo Army Airfield , and was used as a Navigator training base . The Women ' s Air Force Service Pilot squadrons were assigned there in November 1943 . Two notable woman pilots , Betty Henrich and Hollywood stunt actress Mary Wiggins , were among the first WASPs to report for duty . Between July 1942 and August 1945 some 14 , 158 navigators were trained at Hondo . The base was closed on December 29 , 1945 , and the buildings and fixtures were sold as surplus . Between 1945 and 1951 civilian operators such as the Hollaway flying school trained student pilots at the former base under the GI Bill . As a result of the Korean War , the United States Air Force reactivated the base as a contract pilot training center , training pilots at Hondo Air Base . It closed again in 1958 . During the 1960s the city of Hondo leased facilities at the base to the Hondo Livestock Auction and to Gary Aerospace , Universal Rundle , and Doss Aviation . The aviation companies worked with the United States Air Force to screen pilots , and Universal Rundle manufactured toilets . In 1957 a golf course was constructed on the base through the efforts of base commander Lt Col Earl V . Riley . A golf tournament bearing his name remained a yearly event in the 1980s . In the spring of 1973 the Air Force began a flight - screening program at Hondo using the T - 41 Mescalero , a militarized version of the civilian Cessna 172 . The training program , still in operation in the 1980s , was attended by United States and foreign students . After the mid - 1970s the base housed a number of businesses , including a fiberglass - products plant , a greenhouse , a national guard armory , and the Medina Electric Cooperative . Facilities and aircraft . South Texas Regional Airport at Hondo covers an area of 3 , 500 acres ( 1 , 416 ha ) at an elevation of 930 feet ( 283 m ) above mean sea level . It has four runways : 8 / 26 is 3 , 451 by 75 feet ( 1 , 052 x 23 m ) , 13 / 31 is 5 , 545 by 150 feet ( 1 , 690 x 46 m ) , 17L / 35R is 6 , 002 by 100 feet ( 1 , 829 x 30 m ) , and 17R / 35L is 3 , 224 by 140 feet ( 983 x 43 m ) . Runway 17L / 35R has an asphalt pavement and the remaining three runways have a concrete surface . For the 12 - month period ending January 20 , 2012 , the airport had 95 , 000 general aviation aircraft operations , an average of 260 per day . At that time there were 31 aircraft based at this airport : 81 % single - engine , 13 % helicopter , and 6 % multi - engine .
784th Tank Battalion ( United States ) The 784th Tank Battalion , was a United States Army black ( Buffalo Soldiers ) segregated combat tank battalion during World War II . Originally attached to the 5th US Tank Group that was based in Camp Claiborne , Louisiana during World War II . The 5th Tank Group also included the 758th Tank Battalion that saw some action in Italy under the 92nd Division , and the most famous , the 761st Tank Battalion which saw action in Northern Europe and saw extensive action during the Battle of the Bulge . These three units were composed of African American personnel with white senior officers and African American junior officers . The 784th went into action late December 1944 . Landing in France Christmas Day 1944 , the battalion consisted of six companies . A ( Able ) , B ( Baker ) , C ( Charlie ) , D ( Dog ) , Headquarters and Service . A and B and C Companies had the medium M - 4 and M - 4A3 Sherman Tanks while D company had the M - 3 Stuart Light Tanks . Headquarters Company had a 105 mm assault platoon , a reconnaissance platoon and 81 mm mortar platoon . On 31 December 1944 the 784th began official combat operations with the 104th Infantry Division . They participated in actions between the towns of Durden and Murken Germany along the Roer River . On 3 February 1945 the 784th was released from duty with the 104th Division to the 35th Infantry Division . 8 February 1945 the 784th joined the 35th Division in a major offensive . 26 February 1945 , Able Company of the 784th assisted elements of the 134th Infantry Regiment ( 35th Div ) in capturing the town of Hilfarth across the Roer River . The next day they captured the town of Wassenburg . Baker Company along with the 137th Regiment ( 35th Div ) took Goldrath .
Battle of Nghĩa Lộ The Battle of Nghia Lo ( Vietnamese : Nghĩa Lô ) , was fought between the French army and the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War . On 3 October , the Viet Minh launched an attack on French forces in the town of Nghia Lo . The attack was repelled , after a week of fighting . A year later on 17 October , the Viet Minh launched another attack on Nghia Lo and suceceded in driving out the remaining French from the area .
Colonel Luis Arturo Rodríguez Meneses Air Base Colonel Luis Arturo Rodríguez Meneses Air Base ( ) is a Colombian military base assigned to the Colombian Air Force ( " Fuerza Aérea Colombiana " or FAC ) Eastern Air Group ( " Grupo Aéreo del Oriente " or GAORI ) . The base is located in Marandúa , near Santa Rita , in the Vichada department of Colombia . It is named in honor of Colonel Luis Arturo Rodríguez Meneses . Facilities . The air base resides at an elevation of above mean sea level . It has one runway designated 07 / 25 with an asphalt surface measuring . There is also a closed grass runway designated 03 / 21 which measures .
Benjamin Contee Benjamin Contee ( 1755 – November 30 , 1815 ) was an American Episcopal priest and statesman from Maryland . He was an officer in the American Revolutionary War , a delegate to the Confederation Congress , and member of the first United States House of Representatives . Early life . Contee was the son of Col . Thomas Contee ( 1729 – 1811 ) and Sarah Fendall ( 1732 – 1793 ) . He was born at " Brookefield " , near Nottingham , Prince Georges County , Maryland , the home of his father , and original home of his ancestor , Maj . Thomas Brooke , Sr . , Esq . ( 1632 – 1676 ) . Military and political career . At beginning of the Revolutionary War , Contee entered the Continental Army , rising to the rank of captain of the 3rd Maryland Regiment , which proved to be one of the army ' s elite units until its near annihilation at the Battle of Camden . After the war he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates , where he served from 1785 to 1787 . He served as a delegate to the Confederation Congress from 1787 to 1788 , and the third district of Maryland in the U . S . Congress from 1789 to 1791 . Along with his brother Alexander Contee ( 1752 – 1810 ) , he became a merchant of London , at their stores in Nottingham , Queen Anne and Upper Marlboro . He was declared insolvent due to “ mishaps in trade ” . After having served in Congress , he went to Europe and traveled through Spain , France , and England . Marriage and children . On April 8 , 1788 , he married his cousin , Sarah Russell Lee ( 1766 – 1810 ) . Sarah was born at " Blenheim " in 1766 , and died December 6 , 1810 at " Bromont " , near Newburg , Charles Co . , Maryland . Sarah was the daughter of Philip Thomas Lee ( 1736 – 1778 ) and Ann Russell ( died 1777 ) of England . The Contee ' s children were Sarah “ Sallie ” Elinor Contee ( 1789 – c . 1815 ) , Philip Ashton Lee Contee , Sr . ( 1795 – 1842 ) , Edmund Henry Contee ( 1799 – 1832 ) , and Alice Lee Contee ( 1803 – 1868 ) , who married Gov . Joseph Kent . Episcopal minister . On his return to America he completed his study in theology and was admitted to holy orders in 1803 by Rev . Thomas John Claggett , Bishop of Maryland , a neighbor , friend , helper and patriot of the Revolution . That same year he became rector of William & Mary ' s , Charles County . He was a distinguished minister of the Episcopal Church and for several years the incumbent of Port Tobacco Parish , Charles County , Maryland . He was a native of Prince George ' s County and brought up in the church . In 1808 , he added Trinity , and in 1811 , St . Paul ' s , Prince George ' s Co . , Maryland , to his charge . He continued as a Judge of the Orphan ' s Court , and was always in the Standing Committee . Property . Benjamin resided briefly in the mid - 1790s at “ Blenheim ” . At the time of his death he was living at the glebe house of Trinity Parish near Allen ’ s Fresh . Benjamin and his wife , were more than likely interred in the Contee cemetery at “ Locust Hill ” just outside Port Tobacco , which has been destroyed . If not there , than they were buried in the original Christ Church cemetery in Port Tobacco , which is now covered by swamp .
Battle of Delhi ( 1803 ) The Battle of Delhi took place on 11 September 1803 during the Second Anglo - Maratha War , between British troops under General Lake , and Marathas of Scindia ' s army under General Louis Bourquin . The battle was fought at Patparganj , right across Yamuna River from Humayun ' s Tomb , also giving the battle its local name . The Marathas occupied a strong position with the Jumna in their rear , and Lake , feigning a retreat , drew them from their lines , and then turning upon them drove them with the bayonet into the river , inflicting more losses upon them . The city of Delhi surrendered three days later . A monument was later erected at the site in Patparganj , marked out by a surrounding ditch , commemorating Cornet Sanguine and British soldier s who fell during the battle .
23rd Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery 23rd Indiana Battery Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized at Indianapolis , Indiana and mustered in November 8 , 1862 for a three year enlistment . The battery was attached to District of Louisville , Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to September 1863 . Artillery , Wilcox ' s Left Wing forces , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to January 1864 . District of the Clinch , Department of the Ohio , to April 1864 . Artillery , 1st Division , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to August 1864 . Artillery , 3rd Division , XXIII Corps , Army of the Ohio , to February 1865 , and Department of North Carolina to June 1865 . The 23rd Indiana Battery Light Artillery mustered out of service on July 2 , 1865 at Indianapolis , Indiana . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 19 men during service ; 2 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 17 enlisted men died of disease .
W68 The W68 warhead was the warhead used on the UGM - 73 Poseidon SLBM missile . It was developed in the late 1960s at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . Specifications . The W68 weighs . The warhead ' s dimensions are not publicly known , however to fit the maximum load of 14 within the roughly Poseidon payload fairing , the Mk 3 Reentry Vehicle must be much smaller than other US RVs [ which are mostly diameter and mostly long sized ] . The W68 had a design yield of 40 - 50 kilotons . Production and deployment . A total of 5 , 250 W68 warheads were produced , the single largest production run of any American nuclear weapon model . It was manufactured starting in June 1970 and ending in June 1975 . Each Poseidon missile could carry up to 14 warheads ; at the peak deployment , there were 41 US Poseidon submarine s with 16 missiles each , for a total of 656 deployed missiles , at a density of about 10 warheads per missile . Safety issues and later service . Aging of the LX - 09 Plastic Bonded Explosive used in the W68 led to decomposition of the explosive , separating the binder and plasticizer , which then caused deterioration of the detonators . This required the whole production run to be retired or remanufactured with LX - 10 and LX - 10 - 1 as new explosives from November 1978 through 1983 ; about 2 , 000 units were retired starting in 1977 rather than rebuilt . The remaining 3 , 200 warheads remained in service longer , with the last units retired in 1991 .
Elli - class frigate " Elli " - class vessels are a group of frigates operated by the Hellenic Navy . The ships are of Dutch origin . The first two ships ( the " Elli " and the " Limnos " ) , which had lengthened hangars and different armament were built specifically for the Hellenic Navy . The remaining ships are ex - Royal Netherlands Navy S - frigates of the " Kortenaer " - class transferred to the Hellenic Navy in the late 1990s and early 2000s . The " Elli " ( F - 450 ) , for which the class is named , is itself named after two famous Greek cruisers , one of which was sunk during World War II . There is a midlife modernization programme for six of the ten Greek ships . The program is in progress at HSY and will be completed in 2009 . The " Kountouriotis " ( F - 462 ) and the " Adrias " ( F - 459 ) have been modernized . The other four ships are the " Navarinon " ( F - 461 ) , the " Limnos " ( F - 451 ) , the " Elli " ( F - 450 ) , and the " Aegaeon " ( F - 460 ) . The main modernization works to be performed are the following : " Bouboulina " ( F - 463 ) was decommissioned on 18 February 2013 . It will be used as a source for spare parts .
Hermann Hohn Generalleutnant Dr . rer . pol . Hermann Hohn ( 11 October 1897 – 13 November 1968 ) was a German general serving during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hohn was released from captivity on 23 February 1948 and settled in Ladenburg . From 1953 to 1965 he was mayor of Ladenburg .
Michelle D . Johnson Lieutenant General Michelle D . Johnson is the 19th Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy . She is the first woman ever to lead a United States Department of Defense Service Academy . Her previous position was the Deputy Chief of Staff , Operations and Intelligence , Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe , North Atlantic Treaty Organization , Casteau , Belgium . She was formerly the Director , Strategy , Policy , Programs and Logistics , U . S . Transportation Command , Scott Air Force Base . She also served as the deputy director of the Joint Staff ' s War on Terrorism , Strategic Plans and Policy Directorate at the Pentagon . As an Air Force cadet , she was the first woman to serve as Cadet Wing Commander ( the senior ranking cadet ) at the United States Air Force Academy . She was also an NCAA Varsity Basketball Player all four years at the Academy , and was selected as the Academy ' s first woman Rhodes Scholar in her First Class ( Senior ) Year . At Brasenose College , Johnson studied with Vernon Bogdanor and Peter Sinclair who also taught David Cameron , the British Prime Minister Military assignments . Johnson attended pilot training at Williams Air Force Base , Arizona from May 1983 to July 1984 , and completed her three - month C - 141 qualification training at Altus Air Force Base , Oklahoma in October of that year . Her command assignments include the 9th Air Refueling Squadron , the 97th Operations Group and the 22d Air Refueling Wing . She commanded a deployed air refueling squadron in Operation Southern Watch and an air refueling wing in support of Operations Noble Eagle , Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom . She has served as the Air Force aide to the President , and as an Assistant Professor of Political Science , instructor pilot , and Associate Air Officer Commanding at the United States Air Force Academy . Johnson is a command pilot with more than 3 , 600 flying hours in C - 141 , T - 41 , KC - 10 , C - 17 , C - 5 Galaxy and KC - 135 aircraft . On August 12 , 2013 , Lieutenant General Johnson assumed command as superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy . She is the first woman to hold the position .