naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
RAF Dumfries RAF Dumfries was a former Royal Air Force station located near Tinwald , Scotland . The airfield opened on 17 June 1940 and was sold in 1960 to a private firm . The disused airfield is now used as the Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum . History . No . 18 Maintenance Unit RAF , ( No . 18 MU ) was alloted to No . 41 Group RAF and became the lodger unit on 17 June 1940 . No aircraft were flown in until the end of June when the obstructions placed on the airfield to prevent enemy aircraft from landing where removed due to invasion fears . No 18 MU was reverted to a tenant unit on 13 July 1940 and No 10 Bombing and Gunnery School ( No 10 B & GS ) of No 25 Group ( Training Command ) relocated from RAF Warmwell , Dorset . No 10 BAGS trained bomb - aimers and gunners in Handley Page Harrow s and Fairey Battle s before further training within Operational Training Unit s . The airfield consisted of a grass runway and due to the demands of operational training the runway was upgraded to hard surfaces . Whilst this work was being undertaken No 10 BAGS utilised the satellite landing ground at RAF Winterseugh , Annan . Due to the numbers of aircraft 18MU was forced to disperse the aircraft to satellite landing grounds as RAF Low Eldrig near Stranraer , RAF Lennoxlove near Haddington , and RAF Wath Head in Cumbria and also RAF Hornby Hall , Cumbria . No 11 Sub - Ferry Flight was posted to the airfield between April and July 1940 . No 10 BAGS was re - designated No 10 Air Observer School ( No 10AOS ) in September 1940 and began training navigators in Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and Blackburn Botha aircraft . In April 1940 No 10 AOS was renamed No 10 ( Observer ) Advanced Flying Unit ( No 10 ( O ) AOS ) and was re - equipped with the Avro Anson . Over 400 courses had been conducted during World War II at RAF Dumfries . No 10 . ( Observer ) Advanced Flying Unit was again renamed No . 10 Air Navigation School ( No 10 ANS ) in August 1945 and was disbanded in September 1945 . No 18 MU closed in 1957 having prepared and dispatched almost 5 , 000 aircraft to units and after the war became an airpark for aircraft before being scrapped . The airfield was a training station for national service recruits to the Royal Air Force Regiment between 1947 and 1957 . The airfield was then placed under care and maintenance until the site was sold to a private company in 1960 . Aviation Museum . It now houses the Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum , which first opened to the public in the summer of 1977 .
John Arthur Hughes John Arthur Hughes ( November 2 , 1880 – May 25 , 1942 ) was a Colonel in the United States Marine Corps and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the United States occupation of Veracruz . He died May 25 , 1942 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 8 , lot 5265 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Captain , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : 2 November 1880 , New York , N . Y . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 177 , 4 December 1915 . Other Navy award : Navy Cross . Citation : For distinguished conduct in battle , engagements of Vera Cruz , 21 and 22 April 1914 . Capt . Hughes was in both days ' fighting at the head of his company , and was eminent and conspicuous in his conduct , leading his men with skill and courage . Navy Cross citation . Citation : The Navy Cross is presented to John A . Hughes , Lieutenant Colonel , U . S . Marine Corps , for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service as Battalion Commander , 1st Battalion , 6th Regiment Marines . In the operations of his battalion at Belleau Woods from the 10th to the 13th of June , 1918 , Lieutenant Colonel Hughes showed himself a gallant , courageous and determined commander of men . Inflicting severe losses on the enemy , capturing many prisoners , twenty machine guns , six minnenwerfers and other booty . The brilliant success of this battalion was in a great measure due to his coolness in all crises , unfailing good humor and accurate judgment . Lieutenant Colonel Hughes led his men superbly under most trying conditions against the most distinguished elements of the German Army , administering to those organizations their first defeat .
Ernest Down Lieutenant - General Sir Ernest Edward Down KBE CB ( 1902 – 1980 ) was a British General during World War II . Military career . Ernest Down was commissioned into the Dorset Regiment in February 1923 . He served in World War II being appointed Commander of the 2nd Parachute Brigade in North Africa in 1942 . He went on to be General Officer Commanding ( GOC ) 1st Airborne Division in Italy , taking over from Major - General George Hopkinson who had been killed in action , in 1943 . He was then GOC of 9th Indian Airborne Division which itself became the 44th Indian Airborne Division in 1944 and GOC of 2nd Indian Airborne Division in 1945 . After the War he was appointed GOC of 4th Division in Greece before becoming GOC of all British Troops in Greece . Then in 1948 he became head of the British Military Mission to Greece . Returning to the United Kingdom he was appointed District Officer Commanding Mid - West District and GOC 53rd Division in 1950 and GOC - in Chief of Southern Command in 1952 , a post from which he retired in 1955 . He was also Colonel of the King ' s Shropshire Light Infantry from 1955 to 1957 .
Roi Klein Roi Klein ( ; ; ( July 10 , 1975 — July 26 , 2006 ) was an Israeli Major in the Golani Brigade of the Israeli Defense Forces and one of the most highly decorated soldiers who died during the 2006 Lebanon War . Klein was killed in the Battle of Bint Jbeil after jumping on a grenade to save his fellow soldiers . Early life . Klein was born in Raanana , Israel . His parents , Aharon and Shoshana Klein , were Holocaust survivors . His father ' s side originated from Germany and fled to Israel at the onset of World War II . Most of his mother ' s family was killed in the Holocaust . Klein studied Industrial Engineering and Management at Ariel University Center of Samaria , and graduated with honors . Klein lived in a home he built on his own in the Hayovel community , near Eli , Mateh Binyamin . He was married to Sara and had two sons : Gilad and Yoav . Israel Defense Forces . Klein began his IDF service in the Paratroopers Brigade but later transferred to the Golani Brigade ' s Egoz Reconnaissance Unit . In 2002 , Klein received a Chief of Staff Citation for his conduct during an ambush near Nablus in which 5 Palestinian terrorists were killed . At the time of his death , Klein was the deputy commander of the 51st Battalion of the Golani Brigade . Battle of Bint Jbeil . During the Battle of Bint Jbeil , a hand grenade was thrown over the wall that was between Hezbollah militants , and Klein and his unit . Klein told his men " Klein ' s dead , Klein ' s dead " and subsequently jumped on the live grenade and stopped the explosion with his body . The soldiers reported that Klein recited the Jewish prayer , Shema Yisrael , as he jumped on the grenade . According to other accounts he yelled " Long live Israel . " He died one day before his 31st birthday . Legacy . Roi Klein became a symbol for heroism in Israel . A new school in Netanya and Raanana have been named after him . For his actions during the war Klein received the Medal of Courage posthumously . In July 2009 the Israel High Court of Justice ruled to demolish the home of Roi Klein , where his family was residing , among 11 homes in Eli .
Jacques Thomas Sarrut Jacques Thomas Sarrut ( 16 August 1765 – 26 June 1813 ) joined the French army and became a division commander in the First French Empire of Napoleon . He led a regiment at Hohenlinden , a brigade at Jena , Bussaco , and Fuentes de Onoro , and a division at Salamanca . He was mortally wounded while leading his soldiers against the Anglo - Allied army at the Battle of Vitoria . Sarrut is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe on Column 21 . Revolution . Sarrut was born on 16 August 1765 at Canté in what is now the department of Ariège , France , which is on the border with Spain . He became Chef de Brigade ( colonel ) of the 3rd Demi - Brigade de bataille on 28 May 1794 . He transferred to command of the 8th Infantry Demi - Brigade on 19 February 1796 . That year the 8th was serving with the Army of the North , but in 1797 the unit tranferred to the Army of Germany . In 1798 , the demi - brigade switched between the Army of Mainz , the Army of the Danube , and the Army of the Rhine . At the Battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December 1800 , the 8th Demi - Brigade with a strength of 2 , 680 men was part of Antoine Richepanse ' s division . Empire . On 15 July 1811 , Sarrut ' s division of the Army of Portugal counted 4 , 922 men present . The division consisted of three battalions each of the 2nd Light , 4th Light , and 36th Line Infantry Regiments .
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ( AVSM ) is a military award of India given to recognize " distinguished service of an exceptional order " to all ranks of the armed forces . The award can also be granted posthumously . Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon . The awardee can use " AVSM " as post - nominal letters . History . The Ati Vishisht Seva Medal was originally established as the " Vishisht Seva Medal , Class II " . It was renamed on January 27 , 1967 and the badge redesigned . Since 1980 the awarding of the medal have been restricted to non - operational service as the Uttam Yudh Seva Medal was created to recognize distinguished services in an operational environment .
Clement Flagler Clement Alexander Finley Flagler ( 1867 – 1922 ) was a United States Army Major General who was noteworthy as regiment al , brigade and division commander in World War I . Early life . He was born Clement Alexander Finley Flagler in Augusta , Georgia , the son of Brigadier General Daniel Webster Flagler , for whom Fort Flagler , Washington was named . The younger Flagler was named for his maternal grandfather , Army Surgeon General Clement Alexander Finley . Known as Clement Flagler , Clement A . F . Flagler , and C . A . F Flagler , he grew up in Iowa while his father commanded the Rock Island Arsenal . In 1885 he received a bachelor of science degree from Griswold College , afterwards accepting appointment to the United States Military Academy , from which he graduated in 1889 . While at West Point Flagler was nicknamed " Sioux " as a testament to his dark eyes , hair and complexion , his having been raised in Iowa , and his self - professed Native American heritage , and his classmates used it with him for the rest of his life . Start of military career . Assigned as an Engineer officer , Flagler served as instructor in civil and military engineering at West Point , and as engineer officer at Chickamauga , Georgia . Spanish - American War . During the Spanish - American War Flagler was temporarily promoted to Major and assigned as engineer officer on the staff of the U . S . Army commander in Puerto Rico . Post Spanish American War . Following the Spanish - American War Flagler continued to carry out Engineer assignments , including serving as officer in charge of the federal lighthouse district based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and a posting as chief engineering officer for the Army ' s Department of the East . Flagler also played a role in choosing the route for enlarging the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal . In 1914 Flagler graduated from the Army War College . After his War College graduation Flagler served as engineer officer for the District of Columbia Engineer District . Pancho Villa Expedition . During Mexican border skirmishes of 1914 - 1916 , Flagler served on General Funston ' s staff in the Vera Cruz Expedition . World War I . During World War I , Flagler successively commanded the 7th Engineer Regiment , 5th Infantry Division Artillery , III Corps Artillery , and the 42nd ( Rainbow ) Infantry Division , attaining the temporary rank of Major General . Post World War I . After World War I Flagler served as commandant of the Army ' s Engineer School at Camp Humphreys , Virginia and then chief engineer of the department based in Honolulu , Hawaii . In 1921 Flagler was assigned to Baltimore as chief engineer of the Eastern Division , the post in which he was serving when he died . Military awards . General Flagler was a recipient of the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre for his World War I service . Death and interment . General Flagler died at Johns Hopkins University Hospital and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Section West E Site 147 .
USS Durant ( DER - 389 ) USS " Durant " ( DE - 389 / WDE - 489 / DER - 389 ) was an in the United States Navy , which served briefly in the United States Coast Guard . She was named for Pharmacist ' s Mate Third Class Kenneth W . Durant . History . " Durant " was launched 3 August 1943 by Brown Shipbuilding , Houston , Texas ; sponsored by Mrs . S . R . Durant , mother of Pharmacist ' s Mate Durant ; and commissioned 16 November 1943 , Lieutenant Commander C . C . Knapp , USCG , in command . From 21 January to 7 February 1944 " Durant " served as schoolship at Norfolk , Virginia for the training of prospective crews for escort vessels . She made eight voyages as a convoy escort to north African ports between 10 February 1944 and 12 June 1945 , guarding men and supplies essential to victory in the European theater of war . On her last crossing the German submarine U - 873 surrendered to the escorts . " Durant " sailed from Boston , Massachusetts 9 July 1945 and conducted refresher training at Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , on her way to San Diego , California where she arrived 7 August . Four days later she got underway for Pearl Harbor but with the end of the war in the Pacific , her stay there was brief and she returned to the east coast , arriving at New York 26 September . On 22 October she reported to Jacksonville , Florida , to undergo inactivation . " Durant " was placed out of commission in reserve 27 February 1946 . Loaned to the Coast Guard 15 May 1952 " Durant " was commissioned as WDE - 489 , 9 May 1952 and served on various Pacific weather stations until placed out of commission in reserve at San Diego 10 ' April 1954 . She was returned to the Navy 16 June 1954 , and reclassified DER - 389 , 7 December 1955 . After conversion to a radar picket escort " Durant " was recommissioned 8 December 1956 and reported to San Diego for shakedown training . Sailing from San Francisco , California 27 May 1957 , she arrived at Pearl Harbor 2 June to begin picket duty on the Pacific barrier line . Through 1962 , she has alternated periods of service on early warning duty with participation in exercises , air - sea rescue operations , and necessary maintenance periods . Fate . " Durant " was decommissioned in June 1964 and sold for scrapping on 1 September 1974 . As of 2007 , no other ship has been named " Durant " .
Battle of Ruvo The Battle of Ruvo was fought on 23 February 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and Diego de Mendoza and a French army commanded by Jacques de la Palice . The battle was part of the Second Italian War and was fought at the town of Ruvo in the Province of Bari , modern - day Italy . The result was a Spanish victory . Background . Following the Treaty of Granada signed on 11 November 1500 , Spanish monarch Ferdinand " the Catholic " and Louis XII of France agreed that each power takes a partition of the Kingdom of Naples . The deal soon fell through , however , and Spain and France resumed their war over the kingdom . This resulted in the Second Italian War . Battle . During the end of 1502 and the early part of 1503 the Spanish stood at bay in the entrenched camp at Barletta near the Ofanto river on the shores of the Adriatic sea . Once hearing about the retreat and departure of Louis d ' Armagnac , Duke of Nemours , Gonzalo decided to launch an offensive in a Moorish guerrilla style on the town of Ruvo which was defended by Jacques de la Palice . Gonzalo de Córdoba stormed the town at early morning launching a cannon ade offensive . Soon after , he faced a resolute resistance by the French . However , within four hours he could open a breach from where the Spanish soldiers could enter and launch the assault . Fighting with sword s lasted for seven hours and reached houses and streets until Jacques de la Palice was wounded and held prisoner . The Spanish army soon decided to get back to Barletta while Louis d ' Armagnac tried to return to Ruvo to help the French army . Once there he found the Spanish flag already waving in the walls of the city and understood that he arrived behind schedule and stopped to follow ahead .
George Pyne George Pyne ( born 1841 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Natural Bridge . Born in 1841 in England , Pyne joined the U . S . Navy from the state of New York in 1862 . By March 5 , 1865 , he was serving as a seaman on the . On that day and the next , he accompanied a Union Army force during the Battle of Natural Bridge near St . Marks , Florida . Although wounded , he helped transport and fire a naval howitzer throughout the engagement under heavy Confederate fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor three months later , on June 22 , 1865 . He was one of six sailors to receive the medal for manning artillery pieces during the battle , the others being Landsman John S . Lann , Seaman John Mack , Ordinary Seaman Charles Read , Coxswain George Schutt , and Seaman Thomas Smith . Pyne ' s official Medal of Honor citation is as follows : As seaman on board the U . S . S . " Magnolia " , St . Marks , Fla . , 5 and 6 March 1865 . Serving with the Army in charge of Navy howitzers during the attack on St . Marks and throughout this fierce engagement , Pyne , although wounded , made remarkable efforts in assisting transport of the gun , and his coolness and determination in courageously standing by his gun while under the fire of the enemy were a credit to the service to which he belonged .
Aleksandr Krymov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krymov ( October 23 , 1871 — August 31 , 1917 , ) was a Russian Imperial Lieutenant General , a military commander of Russo - Japanese War , World War I , and Russian Revolution times . During the times of the Russian Revolution of 1917 , on April 4 , 1917 he was appointed acting commander of the 3rd Cavalry Corps , which included the Savage Division . He refused to accept the appointment of Military Minister by the Russian Provisional Government . On August 24 , 1917 Commander - in - Chief Lavr Kornilov appointed Krymov commander of the Detached Petrograd Army ( отдельная Петроградская армия ) to secure the Russian capital of Petrograd . After the failure of the Kornilov Affair , Krymov arrived to Petrograd . He explained his actions to Alexander Kerensky and committed suicide on the same day .
Battle of Sebastopolis The Battle of Sebastopolis was fought at Sebastopolis ( mostly identified with Sebaste in Cilicia , but also with modern Sulusaray ) in 692 between the Byzantine Empire and Umayyads under the caliphate of Abd al - Malik ibn Marwan . The Battle ended the peace that had existed between the two powers since 680 . The Umayyad army was led by Muhammad ibn Marwan , brother of the Caliph , and included the minister of defense , the famously known Al - Hajjaj ibn Yusuf . The Byzantines were led by Leontios and included a " special army " of 30 , 000 Slavs under their leader Neboulos . The Umayyads , incensed at the breaking of the treaty , used copies of its texts in the place of a flag . Though the battle seemed to be tilting to the Byzantine advantage , the defection of upwards of 20 , 000 Slavs ensured a Byzantine defeat . One source states that the Emperor Justinian II massacred the remaining Slavs , including women and children , at the Gulf of Nicomedia , yet modern scholars do not consider this a reliable account .
RMS Windsor Castle ( 1922 ) The first RMS " Windsor Castle " , along with her sister , , was an ocean liner laid down by the Union - Castle Line for service from the United Kingdom to South Africa . Originally laid down in 1916 , their construction was held up by the First World War . They were not completed until 1922 . They were the only four - stacked ocean liners built for a route other than the transatlantic . During the thirties , " Windsor " and " Arundel " were given refits to make them look more modern . This included reducing their funnels from four to two , and they both were given raked , more modern bows , which slightly increased their length . Also removed were the ships ' large gantry - like davits capable of carrying six lifeboats each ( like those carried on HMHS " Britannic " ) , which were replaced with the much more common Welin davits featured on liners such as RMS " Titanic " . Commissioned as a troop transport in the Second World War , the " Windsor Castle " was sunk by enemy aircraft in 1943 while in the Mediterranean Sea as part of convoy KMF - 11 , by a torpedo launched from a German aircraft . She was hit by the torpedo at 2 : 30 am but did not sink until 5 : 25 pm , stern first , 110 miles WNW of Algiers , Algeria . Only one crewman , Junior Engineer Officer William Ogilvie Mann , died . 2 , 699 troops and 289 crew were removed by the destroyer s HMS " Whaddon " , HMS " Eggesford " , and HMS " Douglas " .
USS Active ( 1779 ) USS " Active " — a brigantine - rigged packet built at Marshfield , Massachusetts , on the orders of the Continental Congress — was launched in July 1779 . Under the command of Capt . Corbin Barnes , she made voyages to Bilbao , Spain , in 1780 and to Nantes , France , in 1781 . On 23 March 1782 , while sailing from Philadelphia to Havana , Cuba , she encountered the British man - of - war and was captured . The British warship took her into Jamaica where she was condemned as a prize and sold .