naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Lam Quang Thi Lieutenant General Lâm Quang Thi ( born 1932 ) was a senior military officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War . Early life and family . Lam was born in Bac Lieu in 1932 to a family of wealthy landowning farmers . Lam ' s parents met through a matchmaker and married two years before he was born . Lam ' s father came from a family of Cao Dai adherents while his mother was a Roman Catholic . His maternal grandfather was one of the richest Chinese landowners in Bac Lieu at the turn of the 20th century . Lam ' s parents separated in 1937 after their fourth child was born , and his mother took their four children down back to her hometown in Tam Vu . After completing his primary education there , Lam was sent Can Tho for his secondary education , where he enrolled into the Phan Thanh Gian College after passing through its tough entrance examinations . Military service . Lam graduated from the National Military Academy , in Da Lat , South Vietnam . He held the positions of Commander of the RVNAF Artillery Training Center , Commander of the Artillery in I Corps , Deputy Commander , RVNAF Artillery ; Commander , 9th Infantry Division ; and Commander of the Vietnamese National Military Academy . Last position until 4 1975 : Commander in Chief of Army Corp I Forward Command . Post - war life . Lam fled with his family to the United States in May 1975 , when South Vietnam fell to the invading North Vietnames Army . He now lives in Fremont , California . General Lam earned a French Baccalaureate Degree in Philosophy and an Master , both from Golden Gate University in San Francisco . His son , Andrew Lam , is a writer and journalist .
Wehrmachtsausstellung Wehrmachtsausstellung ( ) is a common name for two exhibitions focusing on War crimes of the Wehrmacht committed on the East Front from 1941 to 1944 . Original exhibition 1995 - 1999 . The view of the " unblemished " Wehrmacht was shaken by an exhibition produced by the " Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung " ( Hamburg Institute for Social Research ) titled " Vernichtungskrieg . Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944 " ( " War of Annihilation . Crimes of the Wehrmacht 1941 to 1944 " ) . The popular and controversial traveling exhibition seen by an estimated 1 . 2 million visitors over the last decade asserted , with the support of written documents and photographs , that the Wehrmacht was " involved in planning and implementing a war of annihilation against Jews , prisoners of war , and the civilian population " . Historian Hannes Heer and Gerd Hankel had prepared it . On March the 9th , 1999 at 4 : 40am , a bomb attack on the exhibition occurred in Saarbrücken , damaging the adult high school building housing the exhibition and the adjoining " Schlosskirche " church . Criticism . After criticisms about incorrect attribution and captioning of some of the images in the exhibition , e . g . by Polish - born historian Bogdan Musial and Hungarian historian Krisztián Ungváry , the head and founder of the Hamburg Institute for Social Research , Jan Philipp Reemtsma suspended the display , pending review of its content by a committee of historians . The committee ' s report in 2000 stated that accusations of forged materials were not justified , but that some of the exhibit ' s documentation had inaccuracies and that the arguments presented were too sweeping . Yet , the committee reaffirmed the reliability of the exhibition in general : The committee recommended that the exhibition be reopened in revised form , presenting the material and , as far as possible , leaving the formation of conclusions to the exhibition ' s viewers . Revised exhibition 2001 - 2004 . The revised exhibition was now named " Verbrechen der Wehrmacht . Dimensionen des Vernichtungskrieges 1941 – 1944 . " ( " Crimes of the German Wehrmacht : Dimensions of a War of Annihilation 1941 - 1944 " ) . It focused on public international law and travelled from 2001 to 2004 . Since then , it has been moved permanently to the Deutsches Historisches Museum in Berlin . Movie . The documentary " Der unbekannte Soldat " ( The unknown soldier ) by Michael Verhoeven was in cinemas from August 2006 , and is available on DVD since February 2007 . It compares the two versions of the exhibitions , and the background of its maker Jan Philipp Reemtsma .
Kosmos 1541 Kosmos 1541 ( meaning " Cosmos 1541 " ) is a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1541 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 17 : 10 UTC on 6 March 1984 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1984 - 024A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 14790 .
Battle of Malacca ( 1641 ) In the early 17th century , the Dutch East India Company ( " Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie " , " VOC " ) began the campaign to destroy Portuguese power in the East . At that time , the Portuguese had transformed Malacca into an impregnable fortress ( the " Fortaleza de Malaca " ) , controlling access to the sea lanes of the Straits of Malacca and the spice trade there . The Dutch started by launching small incursions and skirmishes against the Portuguese . The first serious attempt was the siege of Malacca in 1606 by the third VOC fleet from Holland with eleven ships , led by Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge that lead to the naval battle of Cape Rachado . Although the Dutch were routed , the Portuguese fleet of Martim Afonso de Castro , the Viceroy of Portuguese India ; suffered heavier casualties and the battle rallied the forces of the Sultanate of Johor in an alliance with the Dutch and later on with the Achehnese . The Dutch with their local allies assaulted and wrestled Malacca from the Portuguese in January 1641 . This combined Dutch - Johor - Acheh efforts effectively destroyed the last bastion of Portuguese power , removing their influence in the Malay archipelago . As per the agreement with Johor in 1606 , the Dutch took control of Malacca and agreed not to seek territories or wage war with the Malay kingdoms .
HMCS Armentières HMCS " Armentières " was one of twelve Battle class naval trawler s used by the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) . Named after the Battle of Armentières , she was built by Canadian Vickers , at Montreal , and was commissioned on 5 June 1918 . Along with , and , " Armentières " accompanied on a trip to the west coast via the Panama Canal in early 1919 . Shortly after arriving in Esquimalt , British Columbia , " Armentières " was refitted to increase its utility as a training ship , with a captain ' s cabin built abaft the wheelhouse , and two cabins built below the upper deck . Decommissioned on 28 October 1919 , the ship was recommissioned in 1923 , but on 2 September 1925 sank in Pipestem Inlet , near Barkley Sound . Salvaged over a month later , " Armentières " was recommissioned again and resumed her service . Frequently functioning as a training ship for the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve , " Armentières " also performed fisheries patrol duties , including the protection of migrating fur seals against illegal hunting . This enforcement of the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 was often carried out in conjunction with the Battle class trawlers and , which at the time was serving with the Department of Marine and Fisheries as CGS " Givenchy " . In the 1930s , " Armentières " also assisted with hydrographic survey and oceanographic work " Armentières " continued her service throughout the interwar years , and by 1934 was the only Battle class trawler still serving with the RCN , although others were still in use by other government departments and would return to naval service in 1939 . During much of the Second World War , " Armentières " served as an examination vessel at Prince Rupert , British Columbia , and following the end of the war was paid off on 8 February 1946 . Subsequently sold as surplus , " Armentières " was purchased by the Coastal Towing Company of Vancouver , who renamed her SS " A . G . Garrish " , installed a new boiler , and made changes to adapt the ship for towing log raft s and scow s . She underwent two further name changes by 1962 , when she was known as the " Laforce " , and in 1972 was sold to an American buyer .
Channel Islands Air National Guard Station Channel Islands Air National Guard Station is the home base of the California Air National Guard 146th Airlift Wing . It is co - located with the United States Navy at Naval Base Ventura County / Naval Air Station Point Mugu . Overview . The 146th Airlift Wing ( AW ) of the California Air National Guard occupies of fee - owned land adjacent to Naval Base Ventura County / Naval Air Station Point Mugu , an active duty Navy flying installation . The mission of the 146th AW is to provide global military airlift capability to a full spectrum of state and federal agencies . The unit currently flies the C - 130J - 30 Hercules . The 146th AW occupies two administrative , nine industrial , and four services buildings totaling approximately with 354 full - time personnel . A unit training drill is conducted once a month and results in a surge of up to a total of 1 , 204 personnel . History . In December 1988 , after more than six decades of California Air National Guard flying tradition in the San Fernando Valley , the 146th Airlift Wing began moving from Van Nuys Air National Guard Base to a brand new facility , built on Federal land leased to the State of California , adjacent to the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division and NAS Point Mugu , an active duty Navy flying installation . Located in Ventura County near the cities of Oxnard and Port Hueneme , Channel Islands Air National Guard Station was constructed at a cost of more than $ 90 million , and is widely recognized as one of the newest and best flying facilities in the Air National Guard . The buildings , hangars , flightline , and grounds feature state - of - the - art design and construction . The 146th operates from the military airfield at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division , along with Navy and other Federal aviation activities . By March 1990 , all but a small remnant of wing personnel had transferred operations to Channel Islands ANG Station . Shortly thereafter , the old Van Nuys ANGB facility was closed and turned over to the City of Los Angeles . On April 30 , 1990 , the flag at Van Nuys Air National Guard Base was lowered for the last time during a special ceremony .
Treaty of Phoenice The Treaty of Phoenice , also known as the Peace of Phoenice , was a treaty ending the First Macedonian War . It was drawn up at Phoenice in 205 BC . The Greek political balance between Macedon under Philip V and the Aetolian League was upset by the war between Rome and Carthage . Philip , seeking to enhance his position , raised a fleet and sent emissaries to Hannibal , then occupying part of Italy . Fearing that Philip could offer overt military assistance , Rome hoped to confine the Macedonians to the east of the Roman province of Illyria . Between 214 and 212 BC , Philip made two unsuccessful attempts to invade Illyria by sea and halting progress by ground , eventually succeeding in capturing the port of Lissus and gaining the province ' s capitulation . At this point , Rome was able to spur the Aetolians into an alliance against Philip . For two years the allies warred with Macedonia , achieving minor military victories , and politically gaining more allies from among the Greek city - states . When the Romans retired from the field , Philip ' s forces advanced against the Aetolians , turning the fortunes of the war . In the end , the Macedonians largely regained their original position , and the Romans and Aetolians were ready to make peace . The treaty formally acknowledged the favorable position of Macedonia , including the capture of Illyria , but Philip effectively repudiated his alliance with Hannibal . The conditions allowed that Rome would control the Parthinians , Dimallum , Bargulum , and Eugenium , and Macedonia , pending approval of the Senate of Rome , would control Atintania . Other parties to the treaty included Prusias of Bithynia , the Achaeans , the Boeotians , the Thessalians , the Acarnanians , and the Epirots , on the side of Philip , and the Ilians , Attalus , Pleuratus , Nabis of the Lacedaemonians , the Eleans , the Messenians , and Athenians , on the side of Rome .
USS Cohoes ( 1867 ) USS " Cohoes " — a single - turreted , twin - screw monitor — was still under construction at the close of the American Civil War . She was a " Casco " - class , light - draft monitor intended for service in the shallow bays , rivers , and inlets of the Confederacy . These warships sacrificed armor plate for a shallow draft and were fitted with a ballast compartment designed to lower them in the water during battle . Design revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York , NY , Ericsson and Stimers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall l had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only 3 inches . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by 22 inches to make them seaworthy . Fate . As a result , the " Cohoes " was laid up at League Island Navy Yard , in 1867 . Her name was changed to Charybdis on 15 June 1869 and back to " Cohoes " on 19 August 1869 . She was sold in July 1874 .
Talat Avni Özüdoğru Talat Avni Özüdoğru ( 1880 ; Samsun - August 13 , 1939 ; Samsun ) was a military officer of the Ottoman Army , a politician of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey . He was an elder brother of Şefik Avni ( Özüdoğru ) .
Gaius Carrinas ( consul 43 BC ) Gaius Carrinas , was a Roman politician , general and consul . In 45 BC , Carrinas was sent on the orders of Julius Caesar to Spain to fight Sextus and Gnaeus Pompeius . As he was unsuccessful in putting down the two Pompeii and the last remnants of the Republicans , he was superseded by Gaius Asinius Pollio . After the establishment of the Second Triumvirate in 43 BC , Carrinas together with Publius Ventidius Bassus was appointed consul suffectus for the remainder of the year . In 41 BC , Octavian made Carrinas governor of Spain , where he warred with Bocchus II . In 36 BC , Octavian sent him with three legions against Sextus Pompeius in Sicily . In 31 BC Carrinas was made proconsular governor of Gaul , where he successfully fought against the rebellious Morini and drove the invading Suebi back across the Rhine , for which he was honoured with a triumph in 29 BC . Carrinas was the son of the Marian commander Gaius Carrinas . No ancient source mentions the " gens " to which their family belonged , but Havercamp supposes " Carrinas " to be a " cognomen " of the " Albia gens " .
Walter Joseph Cawthorn Major - General Sir Walter Joseph Cawthorn CBE CIE CB ( 11 June 1896 – 4 December 1970 ) was an Australian soldier and diplomat , commonly known as a former head of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service ( ASIS ) . Cawthorn was born in the suburb of Prahran in Melbourne . He enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force , following the start of World War I , and served as a regimental sergeant major , in Gallipoli . He was commissioned into the Indian Army in 1918 . Cawthorn took charge of the Middle East Intelligence Centre , at the start of World War II , and later became the director of military intelligence at the General Headquarters , in India . From 1948 to 1951 he was Deputy Chief General Staff , Pakistan Army . He was knighted in 1958 , and appointed as high commissioner of Canada . Cawthorn died in Melbourne , at the age of 74 . Early life . Walter Joseph Cawthorn was born in the suburb of Prahran , on 11 June 1896 , the second child of an English commercial traveller , William Cawthorn , and his wife , Fanny Adelaide , née Williams . He was educated at Melbourne High School , and became a schoolteacher , along with his younger sister , Minnie Elizabeth Cawthorn .
Type 38 12 cm Howitzer The Type 38 12 cm Howitzer ( 1905 ) is an obsolete Japan ese field piece used by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino - Japanese War and World War II . It was encountered by Allied force s for the first time on Iwo Jima , and it may be used again as an emergency or substitute weapon . The Type 38 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the 38th year of Emperor Meiji ' s reign ( 1905 ) . Description . It is characterized by a very short barrel , box trail , and large wooden wheels . It has an interrupted thread type breech block and hydro - spring recoil - mechanism . No shield is used with this weapon . Elevating and transversing hand wheels , and panoramic sight are at the left of the breech . The firing mechanism is a lanyard actuated percussion type . Armor piercing high explosive ( HEAT ) and shrapnel shells have been recovered . Both projectiles have the usual color markings and are similar in appearance to 75mm APHE and shrapnel shell s . The APHE shell weighs 44 pounds ; the shrapnel shell contains 300 lead balls .
Franz Heinrich Zitz Dr . Franz Heinrich Zitz ( November 18 , 1803 in Mainz – April 30 , 1877 ) was a prominent Mainz attorney and enjoyed much success with women due to his comeliness . He was a restless and at times dissolute man . On June 3 , 1837 , he married the writer Katharina Theresa Halein , not completely of his own free will , but under threat of suicide . They lived together two years and remained married for the rest of their lives . As a member of the Frankfurt parliament , Franz played a respected role on the far left , and as the head of the militia in Mainz he was highly esteemed and trusted by the people of that town . He sported a remarkably full and unkempt beard during the 1849 uprising , and when it failed , toward the end of that year , he emigrated to America , settling in New York as a notary , a partner in the firm Kapp , Zitz and Fröbel . When amnesty was offered , he returned to Europe and died in Munich .
2 SS Infantry Brigade The 2 SS Infantry Brigade ( mot ) was formed on the 15 May 1941 , under the command of Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld with the 4th and 5th SS Infantry ( formerly " Totenkopf " ) Regiments and began its operational service in September in the rear area of Army Group North , under which command it would spend its entire existence . It gradually began to incorporate foreign legions of the SS under its operational control , such that it became regarded as a multinational unit , especially on the siege lines of the Leningrad front . After the western legions departed for refit , it began operating with Latvian volunteer formations and eventually was re designated the 2nd Latvian SS Infantry Brigade and on the 18 May 1943 , and used as the cadre in the formation of the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian ) in January 1944 . History . Formation . The 2 SS Infantry Brigade was raised on 15 May 1941 and was placed under the command of Army Group North for the invasion of the Soviet Union . Prior to this , the role that the unit would undertake during the assault was discussed in a meeting between Henning von Tresckow and of the RFSS office , held just three days before hostilities between Germany and the Soviet Union began . In this meeting it was decided that the 2 SS Infantry Brigade along with the 1 SS Infantry Brigade and the SS Cavalry Brigade would be used in the rear of the advancing army to conduct anti partisan operations as well as assisting in rounding up the Jewish population . A few weeks later they were involved in the mass murder of the population of the occupied territories , their victims for 1941 , could be measured in the tens of thousands . 1942 . In 1942 , the 19th and 21st Latvian Security Battalions from the Latvian Legion were attached to the Brigade . The brigade was now an international formation that included Dutch , Flemish and Norwegian volunteer Legions . 1943 . In January 1943 , the 19th and 21st Latvian Schuma ( Police ) Battalions were serving with the Brigade , impressed by their conduct , Heinrich Himmler changed the 2 SS Infantry Brigade into a Latvian Brigade and at the same time set the foundations for a Latvian Division . The existing 18th , 24th , and 26th Latvian Schuma Battalions serving in Leningrad were used to form the Brigade ' s 2nd SS Volunteer Regiment . They were then sent for training at Krasnoye Selo , where Himmler added the 16th Latvian Schuma Battalion to the brigade in February . On 18 May 1943 , these Latvian Battalions along with the other three Latvian Legion Battalions were incorporated into the 2 SS Infantry Brigade , and re - designated the 2 SS Latvian Brigade . The Dutch , Flemish and Norwegian formations were then removed from the Brigade and the 2 SS Latvian Brigade was deployed with Army Group North . It was placed under the command of Brigadeführer Fritz von Scholz and was engaged in defending the west bank of the Volkhov River near Leningrad until late 1943 . 1944 . In January 1944 , the Brigade was used as the cadre in the formation of the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian ) .
IV Cavalry Brigade ( Poland ) The IV Cavalry Brigade ( Polish " IV Brygada Kawalerii " ) was a unit of the Polish Army during the Polish - Bolshevik War and later in the inter - war period . It was commanded by major Feliks Jaworski and then by colonel Adam Nieniewski . During the Battle of Warsaw it fought in the ranks of the 4th Polish Army of Józef Piłsudski and largely contributed to the success of Piłsudski ' s manoeuvre that outflanked the Bolshevik forces near Warsaw . During the initial phase of the battle , the brigade fought the Battle of Cyców against the forces of Bolshevist 172nd Rifle Brigade . A successful cavalry charge broke the enemy lines and allowed the Poles to proceed with the assault . In that battle the brigade captured approximately 70 prisoners and 5 MGs . After the battle , the brigade was attached to the assault group of Rydz - Śmigły ' s 2nd Army and took part in the Battle of the Niemen . It also formed the core of the Polish areas defending Suwałki during the Polish - Lithuanian War .
Aer Lualdi L . 57 The Aer Lualdi L . 57 was a prototype Italian helicopter , a further refinement of Lualdi ' s ES 53 and L . 55 designs . The aircraft featured a larger main rotor than its predecessors , a fibreglass tail rotor , and an autopilot .