naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Libyan resistance movement The Libyan resistance movement was the resistance movement against the Italian colonization of Libya . History . It was initially led by Omar Mukhtar ( Arabic عمر المختار " ‘ Umar Al - Mukhtār " ) ( 1862 - 16 September 1931 ) , who was from the tribe of Mnifa , born in a small village called Janzour located in the eastern part of Barqa . He was the leader for more than twenty years , from 1912 . Later King Idris and his Senussi tribe in the provinces of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania started to become opposed to the Italian colonization after 1929 , when Italy changed its political promises of moderate " protectorate " to the Senussi ( done in 1911 ) and - because of Benito Mussolini - started to take complete colonial control of Libya . Resistance was totally crushed by General Rodolfo Graziani in the 1930s and the country was fully controlled by the Italians with the help of Arab fascists , to the point that many Libyan colonial troops fought on the side of Italy between 1940 and 1943 : two divisions of Libyan colonial troops were created in the late 1930s and 30000 native Libyans fought for Italy during World War II . In 1940 the Libyans in the coastal areas were granted Italian citizenship as part of the fascist efforts to create the Imperial Italy in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica . This reduced the appeal of the Libyan resistance movement to a few Arab / Berbers populations of the Fezzan area only , but this was practically non - existent until the arrival of French troops in the area in 1942 . At the close of World War II the British and French collaborated with the new resistance . France and the United Kingdom decided to make King Idris the Emir of an independent Libya in 1951 .
Fall of Kandahar The Fall of Kandahar took place in 2001 during the War in Afghanistan . After the fall of Mazar - i - Sharif , Kabul and Herat , Kandahar was the last major city under Taliban control . Kandahar was where the Taliban movement had originated and where its power base was located , so it was assumed that capturing Kandahar would be difficult . The city fell after several weeks of fighting to a force of local militia under Pashtun military commanders and their American advisers . The fall of Kandahar signaled the end of organized Taliban control of Afghanistan . Battle . Anti - Taliban commander Gul Agha Sherzai was contacted by an American special forces A - team on November 18 . His forces numbered about 800 men , but were severely outnumbered and under - equipped . After receiving supplies , they moved out on November 22 in a convoy of over 100 vehicles and began advancing on Kandahar through the Arghastan desert . Attempting to bypass Taliban strongholds , Sharzai ' s convoy halted outside the Taliban - held town of Takht - e - pol . While trying to negotiate a surrender , the convoy was ambushed by Taliban forces . Sharzai ' s forces drove the Taliban back with the help of American air support . The Taliban retreated and abandoned the Takht - e - pol area . On November 25 , helicopters airlifted 750 U . S . Marines from the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit to create a forward base at Camp Rhino 100 miles south of Kandahar . They began clashing with Taliban patrols in the area . These troops served to secure Sharzai ' s southern flank . On November 27 , they were joined by a unit of the Australian Special Air Service and began joint operations against Taliban forces . After the Battle of Tarin Kowt , the Eastern Alliance under the command of Hamid Karzai spent several weeks in Tarin Kowt attracting recruits . His forces swelled to around 800 men as he prepared to move on Kandahar from the north . On November 30 , Karzai ' s force began advancing towards the town of Petaw . After taking Petaw without a fight , Karzai ' s force attempted to take the bridge at Sayd Alim Kalay but was halted by stiff Taliban resistance . After a two - day battle involving heavy airstrikes the Taliban withdrew on December 4 , leaving the bridge intact . Karzai ' s force seized a bridgehead on the other side . The next day , a stray American bomb landed on an American position , killing three Special Forces soldiers and wounding Karzai . Karzai ' s men maintained their positions and began negotiations with the Taliban for the surrender of Kandahar . On December 7 , Sharzai ' s men began their assault on Kandahar ' s airport , but met little resistance . They discovered that the Taliban had already surrendered the city to Karzai ' s forces . Sharzai ' s men entered the city and Sharzai was declared governor of Kandahar . Karzai had already been declared president of Afghanistan .
Theodor Freiherr von Wrede Theodor Freiherr von Wrede ( November 3 , 1888 – March 30 , 1973 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Theodor Freiherr von Wrede retired from active service in 1944 .
Battle of San Carlos ( 1813 ) The battle of San Carlos occurred on 15 May 1813 , during the War of Chilean Independence . Background . In May 1813 , the Royalist forces , under the command of Juan Francisco Sánchez were retreating to their stronghold of Chillán . The Royalist army ' s situation during the retreat was desperate ; their baggage train had advanced significantly ahead of the main force to avoid being attacked , and the rearguard were almost without supplies . In these circumstances , the patriot commander , Jose Miguel Carrera could potentially have just avoided battle by instead advancing along the left bank of the Ñuble river and have occupied Chillán without a fight . Instead he chose to intercept the Royalist army directly on the outskirts of San Carlos , Chile . The battle . Carrera placed his infantry in the centre of his force , using his cavalry to flank the enemy positions , avoiding the Royalist artillery . Unfortunately , the patriot infantry appear to have been ordered to mount a sudden bayonet charge ; they received a full volley from the Royalist guns , broke formation and fled from the field . Unsupported , the cavalry attacks also dispersed . Juan Mackenna brought up a fresh division later in the day , but could not make much impact on the Royalist infantry . By nightfall , the patriots had dispersed completely , and on the following morning neither Carrera nor Mackenna had any units left to continue the attack . Aftermath . Carrera ' s failure to achieve a decisive victory at San Carlos , Chile resulted in the Siege of Chillan later that year ; the siege , held in mid - winter , was a disaster both for the patriots and for Carrera personally , ultimately leading to his dismissal from office .
Seldon Connor Selden Connor ( January 25 , 1839July 9 , 1917 ) was an American soldier , banker , and politician who was the 35th Governor of the U . S . state of Maine . Biography . He was born in Fairfield , Maine , and in 1859 graduated at $ 3 , as well as studying law in Vermont . While attending Tufts University , he was a member of the Zeta Psi Fraternity . Following the outbreak of the American Civil War , Connor entered the military service in May 1861 as a private in the 1st Vermont Infantry , but became ill with chronic catarrh , recovering the following winter . He served as the lieutenant colonel of the 7th Maine Infantry from August 1861 , rising to the rank of colonel in January 1864 . Connor later joined the 19th Maine Infantry , and was severely wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness . He was commissioned as a brigadier general of volunteers , but in 1866 was mustered out of service . After the war , Connor began involvement in political issues in 1868 , becoming an assessor of the Internal Revenue , as well as serving as the regional collector of internal revenue in 1874 . In 1875 , Connor was a candidate for the Republican gubernatorial race , to which his nomination was successful , moving onwards to win the General Election . During his time in politics , Connor advocated civil service reform , and supported the resumption of specie payments . Connor was also responsible for promoting a free public school system , in which he was successful . Connor resigned from office on January 8 , 1879 , after failing to win reelection . Subsequently , he was United States pension agent from 1882 - 86 . Connor was active in veterans affairs , and in 1890 became president of the Society of the Army of the Potomac . From 1896 - 99 , he was the senior vice - commander - in - chief of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States . In 1897 , he was again appointed as a pension agent . His address on " Hannibal Hamlin " was published in 1909 . Connor remained a prominent figure in Maine politics , and also served as president of the Northern Banking Company . Connor is buried in Augusta , Maine .
41st Tactical Squadron 41st Tactical Squadron ( known as 41 . ELT - 41 Eskadra Lotnictwa Taktycznego in Poland ) is a fighter squadron of Polish Air Force established in 2001 in Malbork , Poland . Squadron is stationed in 22nd Air Base . The squadron operates MiG - 29 jet fighters acquired from the German Luftwaffe . Previously these aircraft served with Jagdgeschwader 73 stationed at Rostock - Laage Airport . From 1952 to 2001 unit was known as " 41 . Pułk Lotnictwa Myśliwskiego "
SM UB - 128 SM " UB - 128 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 May 1918 as SM " UB - 128 " . " UB - 128 " was surrendered on 3 February 1919 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany and broken up in Falmouth in 1921 . Construction . She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 10 April 1918 . " UB - 128 " was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 128 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 128 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 128 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Singapore Armed Forces Long Service and Good Conduct ( 10 Years ) Medal The Singapore Armed Forces Long Service and Good Conduct ( 10 Years ) Medal is awarded to a member of the Singapore Armed Forces ( SAF ) who has completed 10 years of continuous service . NSmen are not eligible , instead qualifying for the Singapore Armed Forces National Service Medal . A clasp is awarded for an additional 5 years of service , for a total of 15 years . Service medals . In the SAF , the medals for service are :
Van Schoonhoven ' s Regiment of Militia The Van Schoonoven ' s Regiment of Militia , also known as the 12th Albany County Militia Regiment , was called up in July 1777 at Halfmoon , New York , to reinforce Gen . Horatio Gates ' s Continental Army during the Saratoga Campaign . The regiment served in Brigadier General Abraham Ten Broeck ' s brigade . With the defeat of General John Burgoyne ' s British Army on October 17 , 1777 , the regiment stood down .
Short Folder Short Folder is a generic name often applied to several different Short Brothers ' aircraft types designed and built prior to and during World War I . Short Brothers developed and patented folding wing mechanisms for ship - borne aircraft from 1913 ; the wings were hinged so that they folded back horizontally alongside the fuselage ( as shown in the image ) , reducing the storage space required for stowing them aboard ship . Shorts produced many " folder " aircraft ; in addition large numbers of Shorts ' designs were produced by other companies , including Brush Electrical Engineering Co . Ltd . , Robey & Co . Ltd . , J Samuel White , Frederick Sage & Co . Ltd . , S E Saunders Limited , Phoenix Dynamo Manufacturing Company , Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd . , Mann , Egerton & Co . Ltd . and Westland Aircraft Works Ltd . . Short Folders saw service in many theatres of World War I , notably in the Cuxhaven Raid in 1914 , in the Dardanelles and in the disabling of the SMS " Königsberg " in East Africa in July 1915 . The theatres of war served by the various " folders " ranged from the Arctic Circle through the Mediterranean and Africa to Mesopotamia , although the engines of the time did not perform ideally in hot climates and elevated altitudes . After World War I , most were retired , although some remained in service with the Greek Navy into the 1920s and with the Estonian Air Force into the 1930s . Short Brothers First World War folding - aircraft types . Eight modified Type 830s were produced with a different engine ( 100 hp Gnome - Monosoupapes instead of the 135 hp Salmson engines )
Udon Thani International Airport Udon Thani International Airport ( ) is an airport located near the city of Udon Thani ( also " Udorn Thanee " ) in Udon Thani Province in the northeast region of Thailand . It is approximately 280 miles ( 450 km ) northeast of Bangkok . It currently has domestic flights to Bangkok ( Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang ) and Phuket ( on Thai AirAsia ) . In 2006 the airport had 677 , 411 passengers movements and 1 , 558 MT cargo movements . History . During the Vietnam War the facility was known as Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base , serving as a front - line base of the United States Air Force and was the Asian Headquarters for Air America . On February 8 , 2006 , an international group of skydivers from 31 countries called " the World Team " set a World Record for the largest freefall formation , a 400 - way , over the Udon Thani airport . Military use . As well as being a commercial facility , Udon Thani International Airport is also an active Royal Thai Air Force ( RTAF ) base , the home of Wing 23 , 2nd Air Division Air Combat Command . 231 Squadron flies 17 ( out of 18 delivered ) Dassault - Breguet - Dornier Alpha Jet A airplanes acquired second hand from the German Air Force and delivered in 2001 . 231 Squadron previously flew F - 5A / RF - 5A / F - 5B Freedom Fighter airplanes .
CFB Ottawa Canadian Forces Base Ottawa ( also CFB Ottawa ) was a Canadian Forces Base located in Ottawa , Ontario . CFB Ottawa was formed in 1972 to consolidate several Department of National Defence properties in the national capital region for administrative purposes . The two largest components of CFB Ottawa were the former CFB Uplands and CFB Rockcliffe , which were referred to as CFB Ottawa ( South ) and CFB Ottawa ( North ) respectively . Many residents of Ottawa continued to use the historic names of these geographically separate facilities . CFB Ottawa lost its status as a base during defence cutbacks in the mid - 1990s .
Adelbert Waldron Staff Sergeant Adelbert F . Waldron , or Adelbert F . Waldron III , ( March 14 , 1933 – October 18 , 1995 ) was a United States Army sniper serving during the Vietnam War ( 9th Infantry Div . ) . Although little known , until 2011 Waldron held the record for confirmed kills by any American sniper in history at 109 . Replaced in 2011 by Navy SEAL Chris Kyle with 160 , Carlos Hathcock had 93 confirmed kills , Eric R . England had 98 and Chuck Mawhinney had 103 . Hathcock , Mawhinney and England were members of the US Marine Corps . Waldron was one of the few two - time recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross , both awarded for separate actions in 1969 . Waldron is buried in Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside , California , Columbarium A ( shelter F ) , Court B , Row B , Site 37 .
Operation An - Far Operation An - Far ( short for Anti - Farouk ) was a military operation launched by Israel ' s Givati Brigade on the night of July 8 – 9 during the 1948 Arab – Israeli War . Its objectives were to gain control of approaches in southern Judea and block the advance of the Egyptian army . The fighting continued until July 15 , and was followed by Operation Death to the Invader . Background . On the ending of the first United Nations Truce on July 8 , most of the Israeli army ' s attention and resources were focused on Operations Danny and Dekel . In the south , the Negev and Givati Brigades failed to link up . But in ten days , the Givati Brigade did succeed in " conquering areas in the northern Negev and in the western Hebron district foothills . " Operation . Operational Commander Shimon Avidan held meetings at brigade headquarters on July 5 at which plans were outlined . In the first phase , the 1st Battalion was to attack the Tell es - Safi area . The second phase was towards Beit ' Affa , Hatta and Jusayr . On July 7 , the 1st Battalion were given their orders : " to expel the refugees encamped in the area , in order to prevent enemy infiltration from the east to this important position . " According to Israeli army reports , the first phase of the operation , in which 16 villages were captured , resulted in " more than 20 , 000 " people fleeing the area . . " Aftermath . The Israelis managed to achieve limited success in the operation , especially in clearing their flanks , but failed to achieve the main objective — linking up with the forces in the Negev desert . The result was the commencement of Operation Death to the Invader , starting July 16 .
Elias K . Owen Elias K . Owen ( November 21 , 1834 – April 8 , 1877 ) was a United States Navy officer . Biography . Born November 21 , 1834 , in Chicago , In 1848 , Congressman Abraham Lincoln of Springfield , took his " boy friend " Elias Kane Owen to Washington and had him entered in Anapolis Naval Academy , at the age of 14 years . Midshipman , December 7 , 1848 . Passed midshipman , July 15 , 1854 . Master , September 15 , 1855 . Lieutenant , September 16 , 1855 . Lieutenant Commander , July 16 , 1862 . Commander , July 25 , 1866 . Retired , June 9 , 1876 . The lad became Commander Elias K . Owen , head of the Fifth Mississippi Squadron . During the Civil War he served in the Mississippi Squadron , commanding " Louisville " and a division of Admiral David Porter ' s squadron . After the Civil War he commanded the steam sloop Seminole in Panama , 1868 - 1869 . Owen died April 8 , 1877 at Kaskaskia , Illinois . Namesake . The destroyer " Owen " was named for him .
Richard Taylor ( colonel ) Richard Lee Taylor ( April 3 , 1744 – January 19 , 1829 ) was an officer in the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War . He was the father of the 12th President of the United States , Zachary Taylor . Taylor was born in Orange County , Virginia in 1744 to Zachary Taylor and Elizabeth Lee He was a graduate of the College of William and Mary . In 1769 he explored the Ohio River and Mississippi River with his older brother , Hancock Taylor , travelling from Pittsburgh to New Orleans . When the American Revolution began , Taylor became an officer in the Virginia Continental forces , and fought in the battles of White Plains , Trenton , Brandywine , and Monmouth . He was discharged as a lieutenant colonel . Taylor married Sarah Dabney Strother in 1779 . They lived first at his plantation , " Hare Forest " . However , he had acquired throughout Kentucky , and with the return of peace in 1783 , he started clearing the land to move his family there . They did so in 1785 , and by 1790 he had built his home " Springfield " , known today as the Zachary Taylor House . Taylor was also involved with the Valley Forge Campaign . In the Fall of 1777 Thomas Shoemaker ' s Gwynedd township house was first plundered by Washington ' s army , then occupied by Taylor and other officers who kept the foragers away . The troops commandeered livestock and hay for the army . The troops did not even leave a milk cow for the family with small children and when they bought a new one it was taken too . However , this was stopped by Capt . Richard Taylor , Capt . William Cunningham and Capt . Francis Taylor ( all from Virginia and part of Greene ' s Corp ) . They had the prime offender arrested on 24 October 1777 , and made him run the gauntlet after which the families in the neighborhood were no longer bothered . Richard Taylor told Thomas Shoemaker , he had " been in nine battles and would be in ninety - nine more before the British gained the day . " Thomas Shoemaker ' s land was the southwest corner of the intersection of present day North Wales Rd . and Welsh Rd , just outside Lansdale Pa . ( currently owned by Tom and Wendy Tracy ) During the Northwest Indian War , Taylor served as a volunteer in the Kentucky militia under Major John Adair . He was injured in a disastrous 1792 battle with Indians under Little Turtle near Fort St . Clair , site of the present Eaton , Ohio . By 1800 , Taylor had enlarged " Springfield " to by 1800 . He remained active for the remainder of his life in Kentucky politics . He donated for the creation of Taylorsville , Kentucky , which was named in his honor . Richard Taylor died in 1829 at the age of 85 . He was buried in the family cemetery , now part of the Zachary Taylor National Cemetery .
Warship International Warship International is a quarterly journal published by the International Naval Research Organization established in 1964 . The journal publishes articles about various type of warships , especially since the advent of ironclad warship s ( 1860 – onwards ) , with a focus on ship design s ( , , etc . ) and careers , but does not cover mercantile vessels or naval battle descriptions . There is also a section for current warship - related news as well as a review section for naval books .
PRB - 111 mine The PRB - 111 is a square Belgian minimum metal anti - tank blast mine that consists of a block of explosive which may or may not be coated in asphalt . A central cavity on the top surface is covered by a plastic pressure plate , underneath which is a small well for a pressure fuze . The fuze used with the mine is the M5 pressure fuze , as used in the PRB M35 anti - personnel mine . A secondary fuze well is provided in the center of the base of the mine for fitting anti - handling devices .
No 1 Grenade The Grenade , Hand No 1 was the first British hand grenade used in World War I . Overview . The Grenade No 1 was designed in the Royal Laboratory and is based on reports and samples of Japanese hand grenades during the Russo - Japanese War provided by General Sir Aylmer Haldane , who was a British observer of the Russo - Japanese War . The grenade proper is a container of explosive material with an iron fragmentation band . The fuse was of the impact sort , detonating when the top of the grenade hit the ground . A long cane handle ( approximately 16 inches ) allowed the user to throw the grenade further than the blast of the explosion . To ensure that the grenade hit the ground nose first , a cloth streamer was attached to the end of the handle . When thrown this unfurled and acted as a tail to stabilize flight . When the battlefield became confined to the trenches , the long handle became a liability - several accidents occurred when reaching back for the throw , the fuse struck the trench side . The no . 3 , a variant of the No 1 with a shorter handle , was made to make it easier to throw in a trench . Even with these adjustments , the No 1 and its variants did poorly in battle . According to German prisoners captured at Ypres in January 1916 , the No 1 could be deflected by wooden boards . In some cases , the deflected grenade could be thrown back . Manufacturing the No 1 was difficult as well , as it required a special detonator that could only be produced by the Ordnance Factories . Because of this , there were far fewer No 1s sent to the BEF than were ordered . A version that used a more common detonator , the No 18 , was designed , but by then battlefield experience had shown that the No 1 design was ineffective . The difficulty of operating it in trenches plus the special detonator caused Britain to create several stopgap grenades , such as the Jam Tin Grenade , until the Mills Bomb was adopted . The grenade came with a metal loop so it could hang from the belt .