naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Deungpae The Deungpae is a shield made of wisteria and bamboo which was used by the military of the Joseon Dynasty . The earliest Korean description can be found in the Muyejebo . Use . In the classic Korean martial art manuals the use of the deungpae is explained in combination with both the spear and the sword . Often a soldier would hold the deungpae and sword in the dominant hand , while holding a spear in his other hand . The spear would be thrown at the opponent , after which the soldier would attack with his sword . A soldier with a nangseon would back up the soldier fighting with deungpae and sword . They would be part of a so called Mandarin duck formation which was invented by the Chinese general Qi Jiguang and is described in his book titled Ji Xiao Xin Shu . Shield specialists trained in how to advance and retreat but were not allowed to retreat in combat situation because their withdrawal would leave their whole squad exposed , leading to its possible collapse .
Panzer Division Kempf The East Prussia Panzer Unit ( " Panzerverband Ostpreußen " ) was an " ad hoc " combined arms unit created for operations out of East Prussia during the Invasion of Poland in 1939 . It was generally called Panzer Division " Kempf " after General Werner Kempf assumed command , though it was only about half the strength of the other panzer division s of the time .
25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Hunyadi ( 1st Hungarian ) The 25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS " Hunyadi " ( 1st Hungarian ) ( " ) " was a Hungarian unit of the Waffen - SS . It was established on November 2 , 1944 in Hungary . The division personnel was formed from Hungarians , mainly army men , youngsters of Levente Institution and recruits . Officers and NCOs were transferred to the division by the German Wehrmacht and Waffen - SS as well as the Royal Hungarian Army . Elements of this and the other Hungarian SS division took part in rearguard defence operations around their training base near Neuhammer against the Red Army . The division was still forming when the Red Army reached Silesia , forcing the division to retreat to Bavaria and later to Austria . In Austria it fought against forces from the US Third Army before surrendering 4 – 5 May near the Attersee . I and II battalions are mostly from “ Hunyadi ” and III and IV are mostly from “ Hungaria ” . Chronological History . Early May 1945 : The Hunyadi division battle group which has been travelling from Denmark is in Berlin near to the Brandenburg gate and the Spree . They move near the Reichstag to face more Russian divisions . Some men fall in the vicinity of the SS Headquarters at the corner of Berliner Straße and the Kaiserallee . Some of the unit survives by getting out of the city by using the U - Bahn ( Underground ) but end up getting captured by the Russians . In the fighting 83 men ( including 1 officer ) were killed . 12 men ( including 1 officer ) are missing .
Tatara ( furnace ) The is the traditional Japan ese furnace used for smelting iron and steel . The word later also came to mean the entire building housing the furnace . The steel , or , used in the forging of Japanese sword s ( , commonly known as ) by contemporary Japanese forge masters like Kihara Akira and Gassan Sadatoshi is still smelted in a " tatara " . One of the few remaining " tatara " is the Nittoho " tatara " in Shimane Prefecture , Japan . Etymology . It is generally agreed that the word " tatara " is foreign to Japan , originating in India or Central Asia . There is a possibility that the word came from a place in ancient Korea , where the two dynasties would often meet . According to the " Kojiki " ( one of the oldest Japanese historical texts ) , this meeting place was called Tatara - ba or Tatara - tsu , and the word was possibly imported with iron - working technology . Japanese scholar Tokutaro Yasuda suggests that the word may be from the Sanskrit word " taatara " , meaning " heat , " noting that the Sanskrit word for steel is " sekeraa " , which is very similar to the word used in Japan for the steel bloom which the tatara produces . The two Chinese characters used when the word has the original meaning are 踏鞴 and , besides as " tatara " , they can be also read as " fumifuigo " , or foot bellows . Process . The smelting process used is different from that of the modern mass production of steel . A clay vessel about 1 . 1 meters ( 4 feet ) tall , 3 meters ( 12 feet ) long , and 1 . 1 meters ( 4 feet wide ) is constructed . This is the " tatara " . After the clay tub has dried , it is fired until dry . A charcoal fire is started from soft pine charcoal , then the smelter will wait for the fire to reach the correct temperature . At that point , he will direct the addition of ironsand , known as " satetsu " . This will be layered in with more charcoal and more ironsand over the next 72 hours . 4 or 5 people need to constantly work on this process . It takes about a week to build the " tatara " and complete the iron conversion to steel . When the process is done , the clay tub is broken and the steel bloom , known as a " kera " , is removed . At the end of the process , the " tatara " will have consumed about 10 tons of satetsu and 12 tons of charcoal , leaving about 2 . 5 tons of " tamahagane " . The Nittoho " Tatara " . In 1977 , the Japanese Society for Preservation of Japanese Art Swords ( Nittoho ) , together with the Japanese government ' s Agency for Cultural Affairs and Hitachi Works , built in Shimane Prefecture the so - called Nittoho " Tatara " to provide the steel necessary for the production of Japanese swords . The Nittoho " Tatara " is managed jointly with Yasugi Works , a subsidiary company of Hitachi Metals , and is operational only during the winter .
USS N - 2 ( SS - 54 ) USS " N - 2 " ( SS - 54 ) was a " N " - class coastal defense submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 29 July 1915 by Seattle Construction and Drydock Company . She was launched on 16 January 1917 sponsored by Mrs . Whitford Drake , and commissioned on 26 September 1917 with Lieutenant Hugh C . Frazer in command . Service history . After fitting out and conducting sea trials in Puget Sound , " N - 2 " departed the Navy Yard 21 November 1917 , and sailed for San Francisco , California , in company with her sister ships and . Upon arriving at San Francisco , California , she was ordered to proceed to the East Coast via the Panama Canal , for assignment to the Submarine Force , U . S . Atlantic Fleet . She arrived at New London , Connecticut , on 7 February 1918 and almost immediately began to patrol along the New England coast , guarding against enemy submarines in this area for the remainder of the war . Following the end of World War I , " N - 2 " continued her operations out of New London , serving as a training ship for the Submarine School . Beginning in late May 1921 , the submarine also tested experimental Navy weapons , such as a radio controlled torpedo , and evaluated its potential value in modern combat . Placed in reduced commission 22 April 1922 , " N - 2 " continued her training and experimental duties at New London . On 11 October , she aided tanker " Swift Star " , grounded on the southern end of Block Island . She remained in active service until decommissioned 30 April 1926 at Philadelphia Navy Yard . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 18 December 1930 , " N - 2 " was scrapped in early 1931 . References . http : / / forum . sub - driver . com / attachment . php ? attachmentid = 17393 & d = 1355507405 = = External links = =
Chhouk Rin Chhouk Rin is a former Khmer Rouge commander . He was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of three tourists , Australian David Wilson , 29 , Briton Mark Slater , 28 , and Frenchman Jean - Michel Braquet , 27 at Phnom Voar in 1994 . In 2005 , he lost an appeal to overturn the ruling that sentenced him to life imprisonment .
Vojinovića Tower Vojinovića Tower ( ) or Vučitrn ( " " ) is a city fortifications in Vučitrn . It was the seat of Đurađ Branković ( 1427 – 1456 ) in the time while he was district lord of Kosovo . Later chroniclers ( Ami Bue , Giljferding ) are noted that the fort itself is derived from Dušan time , and that " it is the old fortress with a tower in the middle of the town " . Today , of the entire fort survived only Donjon Tower that the people called " Vojinovića Tower " ( From " Vojinović " from epic songs ) with part of wall in the form of a square . Donjon itself belongs to the most beautiful tower of its kind in this part of the Serbia because of its fine proportions and properly sort stones in its walls . On that walls ( thick about 3 m ) , the remains of Machicolation , Putlog hole s or Hoarding s can be seen , and in addition to the closed ground , had the floor , over which there was an open top of the tower with battlement on . As all Donjon , Vojinovića Tower also had no entrance in the basement , but only on the floor with the southern side and it is approached by wooden stairs that in a case of emergency could be easily removed . Remains . Most of the former [ [ Capital capital of Đurađ Branković disappeared during [ [ Ottoman Empire | Ottoman period ] ] when the space fortress became the seat of government and administrative [ [ Bey ] ] , while the ground floor of the tower used as a warehouse for the grain ( barley , corn , wheat ) that are collected on behalf of [ [ Bey ] ] taxes . Former entrance gates , located next to the tower ( at a distance of 1m ) in North wall and has [ [ semicircle ] ] shape , was embowered and immured , and instead of that one , new was opened on the East wall . Today , of the whole former fortress survived only [ [ Keep | Donjon Tower ] ] with walls around it to form a square courtyard base . Their height is 4 m - 5 m , with the exception of southern wall that faces the main street with the bottom of the slope ( height 1 . 2m - 1 . 5m , sally 0 . 35m - 0 . 4 m ) whose height is 6 m - 7 m . Vojinovića Tower was declared [ [ Monuments of Culture of Exceptional Importance ( Serbia ) | Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance ] ] in 1990 , and it is protected by [ [ Republic of Serbia ] ] . See also . [ [ Category : Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance ] ] [ [ Category : Serbian architecture ] ] [ [ Category : Forts in Serbia ] ] [ [ Category : Towers in Serbia ] ] [ [ Category : Ruins in Serbia ] ] [ [ Category : House of Vojinović ] ]
Fokker M . 5 The Fokker M . 5 was an unarmed single - seat monoplane aircraft designed and built by Anthony Fokker in 1913 . It served as a light reconnaissance aircraft with the German army at the outbreak of World War I and was the basis for the first successful fighter aircraft in German service , the Fokker E . I . Design . Fokker ' s design for the M . 5 was very closely based on that of the French Morane - Saulnier H shoulder - wing monoplane - though instead of the wooden wire - braced box girder structure of the Type H , Fokker used a welded steel tube frame . The powerplant was a 60 kW ( 80 hp ) Gnome Lambda 7 - cylinder rotary engine ( built under licence by Oberursel as the U . 0 ) . As in the Morane original , the tail and elevators were fully movable , having no fixed section . There were two versions of the M . 5 : the long - span M . 5L and the short - span M . 5K ( " K " for " kurz " meaning " short " in German ) . The M . 5 was light , strong and manoeuvrable , capable of aerobatics ( although , like all aircraft relying on the early style of Morane balanced elevators , it had very sensitive fore - and - aft control ) - Fokker himself performed in the M . 5 at Johannisthal in May and June 1914 , winning a number of awards . German army adoption . The German army adopted the militarised long - span M . 5L , manufactured by Halberstadt , designated the A . II . A two - seat version , known as the M . 8 also entered service as the A . I which was built by Fokker . These aircraft were used on the Western and Eastern Front s in the early stages of the war . In early 1915 , 10 M . 5Ks were ordered , designated the A . III , but before delivery five were modified , being equipped with a single 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) Parabellum MG14 machine gun , becoming the five Fokker M . 5K / MG production prototypes of the Fokker E . I . Related content . Related development : Fokker E . I Comparable aircraft : Morane - Saulnier H
Jānis Lipke Jānis ( Žanis ) Lipke ( 1 February 1900 , Jelgava - 14 May 1987 , Riga ) was a Latvian rescuer of Jews in Riga during World War II . Lipke , a dock worker in the port of Riga , was determined to help save Latvian Jews from capture by the Nazis after witnessing actions against them in the streets . He retrained in order to become a contractor for the Luftwaffe , and then used his position to smuggle Jewish workers out of the Riga ghetto and camps in and around Riga , whom he concealed with the aid of his wife until the arrival of the Red Army in October 1944 . The Lipkes and their various helpers saved forty people in this way , one fifth of the approximately 200 Jews who survived the war in Latvia . When he died in 1987 , the Jews of Riga arranged his funeral , and he is honoured as one of the Righteous among the Nations . On 4 July 2007 , the day of remembrance of the victims of genocide against the Jewish nation , a monument commemorating those , and in particular Jānis Lipke , who saved Latvian Jews was unveiled at Riga ' s Great Choral Synagogue .
8th Mountain Infantry Brigade ( Argentina ) The 8th Mountain Infantry Brigade ( Spanish : Brigada de Infantería de Montaña 8 ) is a unit of the Argentine Army specialised in Mountain warfare . The headquarters of the Brigade is based on Mendoza , Mendoza Province . Is formed by different types of mountain units :
International Brigade Memorial Trust The International Brigade Memorial Trust is a British educational trust formed by the veterans of the International Brigade Association , the Friends of the IBA , representatives of the Marx Memorial Library , and historians specialising in the Spanish Civil War . The aims of the IBMT are to : The longest serving President of the International Brigade Memorial Trust was the late Jack Jones , former General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union , and himself a veteran of the British Battalion of the International Brigades . The IBMT holds an annual commemorative ceremony at the International Brigades memorial at Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank in London and organises a yearly lecture on the civil war , given by specialist academic historians from around the world .
Richard H . Taylor Richard Hamilton Taylor ( September 8 , 1870 – March 24 , 1956 ) was a quartermaster serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Taylor was born in Staunton , Virginia and later joined the navy . He was stationed aboard the as a quartermaster when , on March 16 , 1889 a hurricane overwhelmed the ship while it was moored in Apia , Samoa . For his actions received the Medal of Honor March 20 , 1905 . He is buried in Evergreen Cemetery Brighton , Massachusetts . His grave can be found in the Pine Grove section , grave 821 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Quartermaster , U . S . Navy . Born : 1871 , Virginia . Accredited to : Virginia . G . O . No . : 157 , 20 April 1904 . Citation : Serving on board the U . S . S . Nipsic , Taylor displayed gallantry during the hurricane at Apia , Samoa , 16 March 1889 .
Operation Harpoon ( 2002 ) Operation Harpoon was the code name of a joint American – Canadian military operation which took place in March 2002 in Paktia Province , Afghanistan . This operation took place in roughly the same region as Operation Anaconda . It was also the first major Canadian combat mission in half a century . Operation . The Operation started in the early hours of March 13 using land and air forces to eliminate pockets of Taliban and Al - Qaeda resistance in the Arma Mountains in eastern Afghanistan . The land component was a battalion - sized Canadian and American force under the command of Lieutenant - Colonel Pat Stogran , the commanding officer of the 3 PPCLI ( Princess Patricia ' s Canadian Light Infantry ) battle group . On March 14 , 2002 , Stogran ' s Canadian troops led one of his American platoons to a cave - and - bunker complex where the Americans proceeded to destroy several bunkers . The Canadian and American force also investigated 30 caves and four mortar positions resulting in three enemy casualties .
Ernest Doudart de Lagrée Ernest Marc Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée ( March 31 , 1823 - March 12 , 1868 ) was the leader of the French Mekong Expedition of 1866 - 1868 . He was born in Saint - Vincent - de - Mercuze near Grenoble , France , and graduated from the École Polytechnique . He joined the navy and served in the Crimean War , then took up a post in Indochina in the hope that the climate would help his chronically ulcerated throat . It did not , and throughout the Mekong expedition he was often in severe pain . The expedition left Saigon on June 5 , 1866 . In addition to his ulcers , Doudart de Lagrée suffered from fever , amoebic dysentery and infected wounds caused by leech es , as the expeditioners had to walk barefoot once they had worn out their supply of shoes . By the time the expedition reached Dongchuan , in Yunnan , China , he was too sick to be moved , and his second - in - command Francis Garnier took command . Garnier led the expedition to Dali , leaving Doudart de Lagrée in the care of the doctor . He died from an abscess on his liver . The doctor removed his heart to return it to France , while Doudart de Lagrée was buried in Dongchuan . Ernest Doudart de Lagrée was also an entomologist . Insect collections made by him in Africa are conserved in Muséum national d ' histoire naturelle in Paris .
Bucks County Dragoons The Bucks County Dragoons was a British provincial military unit raised for service during the American Revolutionary War . It was raised in Philadelphia in February , 1778 . It returned with the army to New York in 1778 . It was attached to the Queen ' s Rangers for the 1779 campaign and to the British Legion for the 1780 campaign . It was permanently merged into the British Legion in 1782 .
USS Carmita ( IX - 152 ) USS " Carmita " ( IX - 152 ) was a - a supply ship made of concrete - during World War II . Considered an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , she was acquired and placed in service on 11 May 1944 . The IX - 152 was the second ship of the United States Navy to have the name " Carmita " and was named for the first , a schooner captured during the American Civil War . The IX - 152 was originally known as " Slate " . She was attached to Service Force , Pacific Fleet , until 25 September 1946 when she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register .
Diving salvage warfare specialist Diving salvage warfare specialist is a United States Navy special warfare rating . The diving salvage warfare specialist program is for active and reserve fleet diving communities . The program designation signifies a United States Navy diver has excelled in competency and professionalism , and formally recognizes initiative , technical competence , and readiness for increased responsibility .
Operation Trishul Operation Trishul , along with Operation Viraat , was an anti - insurgency operation launched by the IPKF against the LTTE in April 1988 in Northern Sri Lanka , in the provinces of Mannar to Mullaitivu and Elephant Pass to Vavuniya . The operation was planned as a result of the evolving doctrine among the Indian high command of conducting search and destroy missions against LTTE strongholds instead of holding key strongpoints .
Allied Chinese Ships The terms Allied Chinese Ships and Allied China Fleet refer to 32 vessels of the Hong Kong - based China Navigation Company requesitioned by the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy during World War II . Following the Battle of Singapore in early 1942 , many of the requesitioned ships joined the Allied retreat to Australia . Six were acquired by the Royal Australian Navy ; four of these were commissioned as auxiliary warships , while two served as Victualing Supply Issuing Ships .
Type 89 torpedo The Type 89 torpedo ( formerly GRX - 2 ) is a Japan ese submarine - launched homing torpedo produced by Mitsubishi heavy industries . It was developed in the early 1980s , and is similar in capabilities to the U . S . Mark 48 ADCAP torpedo . It entered service in the 1990s and is currently carried aboard the Harushio , Oyashio and " Sōryū " - class submarine . It was also carried by the Yuushio - class submarines before they were retired from active service in 2006 . It is a wire - guided torpedo that features both active and passive homing modes .
Franco - Italian Armistice On June 10 , 1940 , in accordance with the Pact of Steel Hitler ' s ally ; Mussolini attacked French positions in the Alps and the region of Nice , the French who were under the command of René Olry fought off the Italian invaders . On 25 June , France and Italy signed an armistice . The stalemate forced Mussolini to abandon his pretensions of reconstituting an Empire at French expense , and Italy dropped its claims to the Rhône Valley , Corsica , Tunisia , and Djibouti , settling for a modest demilitarized zone . With Germany ′ s blessing , Italy occupied Corsica and the Alpes - Maritimes , plus some areas of French territory along the Franco - Italian border further north . Full terms . The full terms are as follows Article 1 . France will cease hostilities in her continental territory , In French North Africa , in the colonies , and in the territories under French mandate . France will also cease hostilities in the air and the sea . Article 2 . When the armistice goes into effect , and for the duration of the armistice , Italian troops will stand on their advanced lines in all theatres of operations . Article 3 . In French continental territory , a zone situated between the lines referred to in Article 2 and a line drawn fifty kilometres as the crow flies beyond the Italian lines proper shall be demilitarized for the duration of the armistice . In Tunisia , the militarized zone between the present Libyan - Tunisian frontier and the line drawn on the attached map shall be demilitarized for the duration of the armistice . In Algeria and in French African territories south of Algeria bordering on Libya , a zone 200 kilometres wide adjoining the Libyan frontier shall be demilitarized for the duration of the armistice . For the duration of hostilities between Italy and the British Empire and for the duration of the armistice , the French Somaliland coast shall be entirely demilitarized . Italy shall have full and constant right to use the port of Jibuti with all its equipment , together with the French section of Jibuti - Addis Ababa railway , for all kinds of transport . Article 4 . provides that zones to be demilitarized shall be evacuated by French troops within ten days , except for the personnel necessary to supervise and maintain fortifications and military buildings . Article 5 . provides for the removal within 15 days of such arms and supplies in the demilitarized zones as Italy does not require France to surrender under Article 10 . Fixed armaments in the coastal territory of French Somaliland are to be rendered useless . Article 6 . requires that so long as hostilities continue between Italy and Britain the maritime fortified areas and naval bases of Toulon , Bizerta , Ajaccio and Oran shall be demilitarized . Articles 7 and 8 . primarily concern the procedure to be followed in demilitarizing the areas and bases mentioned in Article 6 . Articles 9 to 26 . parallel in a general way to the main provisions in Articles 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 21 and 24 of the German Armistice .