naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
RFA Brown Ranger ( A169 ) RFA " Brown Ranger " ( A169 ) was a fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . During World War II she played an important role in the Malta Convoys and in Pacific operations . She also saw service during the Korean War , 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953 , along with 18 other RFA ’ s and was awarded the Korea 1950 - 52 Battle Honour
Adoniram J . Holmes Adoniram Judson Holmes ( March 2 , 1842 - January 21 , 1902 ) a Republican , was the first U . S . Representative from Iowa ' s 10th congressional district . Biography . Born in Wooster , Ohio , Holmes moved with his parents to Palmyra , Wisconsin , in 1853 . He attended the common schools , and entered Milton College of Milton , Wisconsin , but left in 1862 after the outbreak of the Civil War , to enter the Union Army . He served in the 24th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment , until the close of the war . After the war he completed his studies in Milton College . Returning to Janesville he studied law and was admitted to the bar , but afterwards took the full course from the University of Michigan Law School , graduating in 1867 . He and commenced practice in Boone , Iowa , in 1868 . In 1880 and 1881 , he was the mayor of Boone . He also served as member of the Iowa House of Representatives in 1882 and 1883 . Iowa received a tenth and eleventh seat in the U . S . House as a result of the 1880 Census . The Iowa General Assembly created the new 10th congressional district from counties in the old 4th and 9th congressional districts , including Boone County , where Holmes lived . In 1882 , Holmes won the Republican nomination in the new district , and won the general election . After serving in the 48th United States Congress , he twice won re - election , serving in the Forty - ninth and Fiftieth Congresses . However , when running for a fourth term in 1888 , he was challenged in the district convention by future U . S . Senator Jonathan P . Dolliver . After 110 ballots in the district nominating convention , Dolliver won . In all , Holmes served in Congress from March 4 , 1883 to March 3 , 1889 . After his defeat , Holmes went to work for Congress . He was chosen as Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives in the Fifty - first Congress , at the urging of Congressman David B . Henderson of Iowa ' s 3rd congressional district . He then resumed the practice of law in Boone , where he served as county attorney from 1896 to 1899 . He died in Clarinda , Iowa , and is interred in Linwood Cemetery of Boone .
Battle of Altopascio The Battle of Altopascio was a battle fought in 1325 in Tuscany , between the Ghibelline forces of Castruccio Castracani and those of Guelph Florence . Background . After subduing several Ghibelline towns , Castracani had conquered Pistoia and from there menaced Florence . The latter ' s troops moved to face him , but Castracani preferred to avoid a pitched battle ; he took shelter in the local burgh of Cerruglio , waiting for reinforcements from his allies , the Bonacolsi , the Visconti and Cangrande della Scala . Besieged by the Florentine commander , the Spaniard Ramon de Cardona , the small garrison of Altopascio ( 500 men ) resisted for 26 days ( August 3 – 29 ) , but in the end they had to surrender to the greatly superior Guelph forces ( 15 , 000 infantry and 2 , 500 cavalry , mostly composed of French , German and Burgundian mercenaries ) . The winners put their camp at Altopascio , but started to suffer heavy losses due to the unhealthy environment . On September 21 , a party seeking a site for a new camp was destroyed by Castracani ' s forces between Porcari and Montechiari . Cardona then moved his troops to the plain of Altopascio , which granted better possibilities of escape . In the meantime the forces of Azzone Visconti , for which Castracani had paid 25 , 00 florins and , according to Giovanni Villani ' s " Nuova Cronica " , had to offer to the Milanese condottiero the most beautiful women of Lucca , had arrived in Lucca . The battle and the aftermath . The battle was fought on September 23 , as Cardona aimed to obtain a victory before Visconti ' s men could arrive . A first attack by the Florentine cavalry was successful , but in the second charge they were turned back by the Ghibelline counter - attack ; the Guelph infantry was in turn routed by their mounted mates , while Visconti ' s cavalry , who had suddenyl joined the battlefield , cut them off from any chance to escape . Castracani was therefore able to conquer back Altopascio and other towns , while most of the Guelph commanders , included Cardona , were taken as prisoners . On October 2 Castracani reached Peretola and started to sack the territory around Florence for several days . For his victory , he was granted the title of Duke of Lucca by Emperor Louis IV and the city offered him a veritable Roman Triumph , in which the Florentine " carroccio " was shown in the streets .
Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel ( Lt Col , LTC ) , often abbreviated " Colonel " in conversation , is a rank of commissioned officer in many armies , marine forces and air forces . Lieutenant Colonel typically ranks above a Major and below a Colonel . It is equivalent to Commander ( RN , USN ) and Wing Commander ( RAF ) . A lieutenant colonel is typically in charge of a Battalion ( infantry ) or Regiment ( artillery / armoured ) in an army . In the British Army and Royal Marines , a Lieutenant Colonel wears a crown above a pip . In the US Armed Forces , the insignia is a silver oak leaf .
Flight Officer Badge A Flight Officer Badge is a decoration used by some of the world ' s air force s to denote those who have received training as co - pilots , observers , or other aircraft support personnel . The primary difference between a flight officer and a pilot is that the pilot is responsible for flying and operating the aircraft , while the flight officer assists with such duties as navigation and systems control . In some commercial airlines , Flight Officer Badges are issued to flight engineers of larger aircraft , such as the Boeing 747 . In the United States military , the Naval Flight Officer Badge is issued to officers of the Navy and Marine Corps . The Navigator Badge and Aircrew Badge , variations of the Flight Officer Badge , are issued by the Air Force .
Hans Engelien Hans Engelien ( 30 May 1913 – 9 May 1945 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Engelien was listed as missing in action as of 9 May 1945 .
USS Knickerbocker ( SP - 479 ) USS " Knickerbocker " ( SP - 479 ) , was a United States Navy tug , minesweeper , and dispatch ship in commission from 1917 to 1919 . Construction and acquisition . " Knickerbocker " was built as a commercial tug of the same name in 1873 by Neafie & Levy at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . She was rebuilt in 1904 . The U . S . Navy leased " Knickerbocker " from her owner , the Cornell Steamboat Company of New York City , on 2 May 1917 for use during World War I and enrolled her in the Navy Coast Defense Reserve , then purchased her outright from Cornell Steamboat on 13 September 1917 . She was commissioned at New York City as USS " Knickerbocker " ( SP - 479 ) on 22 September 1917 with Boatswain M . J . Lounsbery , USNRF , in command . Operational history . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Knickerbocker " operated on the Hudson River and in New York Harbor as a minesweeper , tug , and dispatch ship . Though " Knickerbocker " was ordered stricken from the Navy List on 14 March 1918 due to her poor material condition and accordingly was stricken on 16 March 1918 , a scarcity of tugs resulted in her retention for harbor duty , and she was reinstated on the Navy List in April 1918 . On 30 December 1918 , " Knickerbocker " was assigned as tender to the training and guard ship and served as a dispatch ship . Disposal . " Knickerbocker " was decommissioned on 18 February 1919 and was sold the same day to Francis J . McDonald of Ardmore , Pennsylvania .
376th Air Refueling Squadron The 376th Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 4238th Strategic Wing , stationed at Barksdale AFB , Louisiana . It was inactivated on 15 August 1960 . History . World War II . Established in early - 1943 as the 376th Fighter Squadron and equipped with P - 47 Thunderbolt s , the squadron trained under I Fighter Command in the mid - Atlantic states . Also flew air - defense missions as part of the Philadelphia Fighter Wing . Deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , being assigned to VIII Fighter Command in England , November 1943 . The unit served primarily as an escort organization , covering the penetration , attack , and withdrawal of B - 17 / B - 24 bomber formations that the USAAF sent against targets on the Continent . The squadron also engaged in counter - air patrols , fighter sweeps , and strafing and dive - bombing missions . Attacked such targets as airdromes , marshalling yards , missile sites , industrial areas , ordnance depots , oil refineries , trains , and highways . During its operations , the unit participated in the assault against the Luftwaffe and aircraft industry during the Big Week , 20 – 25 February 1944 , and the attack on transportation facilities prior to the Normandy invasion and support of the invasion forces thereafter , including the Saint - Lô breakthrough in July . The squadron supported the airborne attack on the Netherlands in September 1944 and deployed to Chievres Airdrome , ( ALG A - 84 ) , Belgium between February and April 1945 flying tactical ground support missions during the airborne assault across the Rhine . The unit returned to Little Walden and flew its last combat mission on 20 April 1945 . Demobilized during the summer of 1945 in England , inactivated in the United States as a paper unit in October . Cold War . The squadron flew the KC - 97F Stratotanker ( Also KC - 97G ) stationed at Barksdale AFB , providing air refueling to USAF units from 1953 - 1966 .
Charles Mayes Wigg Charles Mayes Wigg , born at Nottingham , England on 13 January 1889 and died at Eastbourne on 2 March 1969 , was an English artist . Biography . The eldest son of Mayes Wigg , a bank manager , and Agnes Wigg ( formerly Sudbury ) , he grew up at Watton and Cromer in Norfolk and was educated at Gresham ' s School . In 1911 , he arrived at the Norwich School of Art and later studied with Frank Spenlove - Spenlove at his Yellow Door School of Art in Beckenham , Kent . During the First World War , Wigg served with the British Army and saw active service at Gaza . In 1916 , he was invalided out of the army with severe leg injuries , and was left with a disability for the rest of his life . Returning to his career as an artist and illustrator , he subsequently found life afloat easier than life on land and for many years lived and painted in a house - boat on the Norfolk Broads . He also had studios at The Thatched House , Brundall , his parents ' home , and at Rose Cottage , Barton Turf . In 1952 , Wigg married his mother ' s nurse , but this was disastrous for his artistic career . His new wife prevented him from painting , breaking his brushes and burning his paintings . Later , he tried to take up his work again but failed to achieve what he wanted . He died at St Mary ' s Hospital , Eastbourne , on 2 March 1969 , leaving an estate of £47 , 510 . At the time of his death , he was living at East Hoathly , Sussex . Works . Wigg was a landscape artist working mostly in watercolours and as an etcher , with only occasional paintings in oils . The Norfolk coast and scenery of the Broads gave him the subjects for his work , and his etchings were mostly of boats . He exhibited regularly at the Norwich Art Circle between 1909 and 1936 , at the Royal Academy in 1915 and also with the British Water - colour Society .
Richard Arnold ( general ) Richard Arnold ( April 12 , 1828 – November 8 , 1882 ) was a career U . S . Army officer who served as a brigadier general in the Union forces during the American Civil War . His artillery helped force the surrender of two important Confederate towns , including Mobile , Alabama . Early life and background . Arnold was the son of Rhode Island governor and United States congressman Lemuel Arnold , was born in Providence , Rhode Island , in 1828 , graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1850 . His classmates included Eugene A . Carr and Cuvier Grover , who would serve alongside him in the Trans - Mississippi Theater during the Civil War . His antebellum service included various routine posts in Florida , California , and the Pacific Northwest . Arnold was promoted to captain in the Regular Army and became an aide - de - camp to Major General John E . Wool . Civil war . Shortly after the start of the Civil War , Arnold commanded Battery D of the 2nd U . S . Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run , and was forced to abandon his guns during the ensuing Union rout . In 1862 , he served in various staff positions with the Army of the Potomac , including as a division artillery chief and Assistant Inspector General for the VI Corps . After the Seven Days Battles , he received a commission as a brigadier general of the volunteers and was transferred to the Department of the Gulf , where he was assigned as Chief of Artillery . He served in this capacity for two years , except for a two - month temporary stint as Chief of Cavalry after Brig . Gen . Albert L . Lee was relieved from duty during the Red River Campaign . At the Siege of Port Hudson , Arnold directed the siege artillery that precipitated the surrender of the fort and town . He later commanded the artillery that would compel the surrender of Mobile , Alabama . He received a brevet promotion to major general dating from March 1865 . Postbellum career . After the war , he reverted to his regular army rank of captain and served in a variety of posts with the 5th U . S . Artillery . He was elevated to major in 1875 . In 1882 , while stationed on Governor ' s Island in New York City , he received a promotion to lieutenant colonel , but died five days later . He was buried in Swan Point Cemetery in Providence . The World War II mine planter USS " Dick Arnold " was named in the general ' s honor . Ten sailors were killed when the " Dick " sprang a leak during a storm off Portsmouth , New Hampshire , and sank in January 1942 . Arnold ' s brother - in - law , Union Brig . Gen . Isaac P . Rodman , was mortally wounded at the Battle of Antietam .
Jacques Ancel Jacques Ancel ( July 22 , 1879 , Parmain , Val - d ' Oise – 1943 ) was a French geographer and geopolitician . He is author of several books , including " Peoples and Nations of Balkans : political geography " ( 1926 ) and " Geopolitics " ( 1936 ) . After studying history and geography and professing as a teacher , Ancel was drafted to fight in World War I . Wounded three times , he was detached to the Headquarters of the French Army ' s Oriental Corps ( fighting in the Ottoman Empire and the Balkans ) . After the war , he helped mediate the tense relations between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria . In 1930 , Ancel obtained his doctorate with the thesis " La Macédoine , étude de colonisation contemporaine " ( " Macedonia , a study in contemporary colonization " ) . He taught at the University of Paris ' Institute of Higher International Studies , and was a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and of other scientific forums . He was a knight of the Légion d ' honneur .
Special Prosecution Book - Poland Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen ( Polish : " Specjalna księga Polaków ściganych listem gończym " ; " Special Prosecution Book - Poland " ) was the proscription list prepared by Germans , before the war , that identified more than 61 , 000 members of Polish elites : activists , intelligentsia , scholars , actors , former officers , and others , who were to be interned or shot . History . " Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen " was prepared before the Invasion of Poland , between 1937 and 1939 , by the “ Zentralstelle IIP Polen ” ( Central Unit IIP - Poland ) unit of the German political police , “ Gestapo ” with help from the German minority living in pre - war Poland . Central was created under Reinhard Heydrich to coordinate the ethnic cleansing of all Poles in “ Operation Tannenberg " and " Intelligenzaktion " , the codenames for the extermination actions directed at the Polish people during World War II , part of the " Generalplan Ost " . The list identified more than 61 , 000 members of Polish elite : activists , intelligentsia , scholars , actors , former officers , Polish nobility , Catholic priests , university professors , teachers , doctors , lawyers and even a prominent sportsman who represented Poland on the Berlin Olympics in 1936 . People from Special Prosecution Book were killed outright by " Einsatzgruppen " and " Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz " or sent to concentration camps to die . The second edition of " Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen " in German and Polish language was published in 1940 in occupied Kraków after ending " AB - Aktion " ( in German " Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion " ) . action elimination of Polish intelligentsia . It was the last edition under this name and later lists was published under the name of " Fahndungsnachweis " .
William R . Warnock William Robert Warnock ( August 29 , 1838 - July 30 , 1918 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio . Biography . Born in Urbana , Ohio , Warnock attended public schools . He taught school in Urbana 1856 - 1868 . During this time , he graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University , Delaware , Ohio , in 1861 . He then commenced the study of law . He entered the Union Army on July 21 , 1862 , as captain of Company G , 95th Ohio Infantry . He was promoted to major on July 28 , 1863 , he was promoted to major and further promoted on March 15 , 1865 to become a brevetted lieutenant colonel . From April to August 1865 , Warnock was the Chief of staff for the Eastern District of Mississippi . He mustered out August 14 , 1865 . Warnock then resumed the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Urbana . He served as prosecuting attorney 1868 - 1872 . Warnock also served as member of the board of school examiners of Champaign County 1870 - 1876 . Along with his position as a trustee of Ohio Wesleyan University , which he held for twenty - five years , Warnock was also a member of the State senate in 1876 and 1877 . Warnock also resided as the judge of the court of common pleas in the second district of Ohio from 1879 through 1889 . Warnock was also the president of the National Bank of Urbana . Warnock was elected as a Republican to the Fifty - seventh and Fifty - eighth Congresses ( March 4 , 1901 – March 3 , 1905 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War ( Fifty - eighth Congress ) . However , he was not a candidate for renomination . He became a United States pension agent in Columbus , Ohio from 1906 to 1910 . Warnock then held a position as the Commander of the department of Ohio , Grand Army of the Republic , in 1913 and 1914 . Warnock died in Urbana , Ohio , July 30 , 1918 and was interred in Oakdale Cemetery . Warnock was married August 20 , 1868 to Catherine Murray of Clark County and had three children . Warnock was a Methodist , a member of the Grand Army of the Republic , and a Freemason .
Action of 4 April 1918 The Action of 4 April 1918 was a naval action fought somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean during World War I . An unidentified " Kaiserliche Marine " U - boat attacked three armed transports of the United States Army and Navy , but failed to damage the American ships before she was sunk . Action . On April 4 , 1918 , three armed transports , USAT , and were steaming back to the United States in convoy after having completed a troop transportation voyage to France . At 11 : 45 in the morning , a German U - boat of unknown designation surfaced and fired torpedoes at " Mallory " . Lookouts aboard the transport spotted the torpedoes , allowing the ship to successfully evade them . The submarine was sighted by the other American transports ; all three ships opened fire with their main guns , and appeared to hit the U - boat as she submerged . The vessels then maneuvered in close and depth charge d the last - known location of the Germans . The three American vessels were credited with sinking the attacking submarine . The convoy reached the United States on or about April 13 , 1918 .
Breitenau concentration camp Breitenau was a Nazi education and labor camp established in June 1933 in Germany . It was located in Guxhagen , ca . 15 km south of Kassel and was built around the Breitenau monastery . Breitenau as an education and welfare camp . Breitenau was first established as a correctional facility . This was the original reason why it was first opened in 1933 . It became a " labour house " , where prisoners literally learned how to work . But the jobs that they had at Breitenau were often brutal and back - breaking . In 1932 and 1933 the prisoner population was 24 people . Between 1933 and 1934 , the population increased to 125 . A number of the 125 prisoners had been arrested during a one - week raid on homeless people known as " Beggars Week " . By the end of 1933 , 11 , 000 people were held and placed in concentration camps . Only a few of them were brought to Breitenau . After the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring was passed , Breitenau officials began to test prisoners for hereditary diseases . Many of the inmates who were found to have hereditary diseases were transported to euthanasia killing centers or kept at Breitenau under penalty of being forcibly sterilized . Breitenau as a concentration camp . In 1933 , an early concentration camp for political prisoners was added to the Breitenau correctional facility . The Nazis later decided to close it down in 1934 . In 1940 , Breitenau was reopened , but this time as a concentration camp , with an estimated population of 8 , 500 prisoners , including some of those who were originally placed in the camp during the early 1930s . The camp was liberated in 1945 .