naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st CCNN Division " Dio lo Vuole " The 1st División " Dio lo Vuole " ( " God wills it " ) , was one of the three Italian Blackshirts Divisions sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War to make up the " " Corpo Truppe Volontarie " " ( Corps of Volunteer Troops ) , or CTV . 1st División " Dio lo vuole " - Bgd . Gen . Edmondo Rossi The Blackshirt ( Camicie Nere , or CCNN ) Divisions contained regular soldiers and volunteer militia from the Fascist Party . The CCNN divisions were semi - motorised .
John Walsh ( Medal of Honor ) John Walsh ( December 4 , 1841 – May 25 , 1924 ) was an Irish born Union Army soldier during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown , Virginia on October 19 , 1864 . The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan ’ s Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley . Medal of Honor citation . “ The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal John Walsh , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864 , while serving with Company D , 5th New York Cavalry , in action at Cedar Creek , Virginia . Corporal Walsh recaptured the flag of the 15th New Jersey Infantry . ”
Cross of Independence Cross of Independence ( ) was one of the highest Polish military decoration s between World Wars I and II . It was awarded to individuals who had " fought heroically for the independence of Poland , " and was released in three versions . History . The Cross of Independence was established with a decree of the President of Poland of 29 October 1930 . It was to be awarded to the people who " laid foundations for the independence of the Fatherland before the World War or during it , as well as during the fights between 1818 and 1921 , with the exception of the Polish - Russian War " . After 1938 it was also awarded to people responsible for the reunification of Zaolzie with Poland . Although the cross without the swords was awarded mainly to the civilians , all versions were considered to be military decorations . If awarded to a soldier it was worn before the 4th class of the Polonia Restituta and when awarded to a civilian – before the Volunteer Medal for the War ( " Medal Ochotniczy za Wojnę " ) . The recipients of all grades of the Cross of Independence had a right to be elected to the Senate of the Republic of Poland , the right to travel by Polish State Railways free of charge and a right to send their children to the schools of their choice free of charge . Design . Both the Cross and the Medal were designed by professor Mieczysław Kotarbiński and most of the copies were made by Warsaw - based jeweller Wiktor Gontarczyk . The Cross of Independence had three classes : The cross was 42 by 42 mm , made of gilt bronze . The obverse had a rectangle shield with stylised eagle in bas - relief . The reverse was covered with black enamel and the motto " Bojownikom Niepodległości " ( " To the Fighters for Independence " ) . The version with Swords had two golden swords crossed above the cross . Medal of Independence was round , 35 mm in diameter and made entirely of bronze . On the obverse there was a symbolic depiction of three Hydra s ( symbolising three partitioning Powers ) stroke with two swords and surrounded by the " Bojownikom Niepodległości " motto . The reverse was plain with letters " RP " in the centre ( standing for Rzeczpospolita Polska ) .
New Creek Blockhouse New Creek Blockhouse , was built about 1 mile west of New Creek to protect local settlers in 1750 . The fortification consisted of a log blockhouse but without a stockade around it . When the French and Indian War began in earnest in 1755 , the New Creek valley was well populated , so there was a need for a defense in the event of Indian attacks . Fort Ashby and Fort Nicholas at present Cresaptown , Maryland were to far away to be of practical use . The location of the blockhouse was in the area of G Street in present Keyser , West Virginia
Al Schmid Al Schmid ( 20 October 1920 – 1 December 1982 ) was a United States Marine who was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions at the Battle of the Tenaru during the Battle of Guadalcanal . He was blinded in the battle . His life story appeared in the American news magazines of the time , the book " Al Schmid , Marine " by Roger Butterfield , and the 1945 film " Pride of the Marines " , in which he was played by John Garfield . Biography . Albert Andrew Schmid was born in Burholme , Pennsylvania . He worked a variety of jobs before becoming an apprentice steel burner at the Dodge Steel Company in Philadelphia in 1940 . After hearing of the attack on Pearl Harbor , Schmid enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on 9 December 1941 , being trained at Parris Island South Carolina and New River North Carolina where he was assigned to the 11th Machine Gun Squad , 2nd Battalion , 1st Marine Regiment , 1st Marine Division . He used a bonus from his employer to purchase an engagement ring for his girlfriend Ruth Hartley . Schmid landed with his regiment on Guadalcanal on 7 August 1942 . On the night of 21 August , Schmid was manning a M1917 Browning machine gun along with Corporal LeRoy Diamond and Private First Class Johnny Rivers . Schmid refused medical treatment for a serious foot infection in order to remain with his weapon and fellow Marines . Japanese Colonel Kiyonao Ichiki and 800 of his men attacked the perimeter held by the 2nd Battalion during the night with the goal of breaking through to destroy the American airstrip of Henderson Field that would conclude the campaign in the favour of Japan . During the night , Rivers the gunner was killed by a bullet through the head , Diamond , the gun commander , was wounded and several bullets hit and shredded the water jacket of their machine gun . A Japanese soldier threw a grenade in the machine gun pit , blinding Schmid , but Schmid kept firing his weapon , guided by Diamond . The machine gun " got red - hot " , but continued to work . The next morning , over 200 dead Japanese were counted in front of their machine gun . Schmid was awarded the Navy Cross on 18 February 1943 . Diamond and Rivers were also awarded the Navy Cross . He married Ruth Hartley in April 1943 . They had a son , Al Schmid , Jr . , in June 1944 . Schmid spoke at war bond rallies across the nation and was in the public ' s eye through Roger Butterfield ' s book and the Warner Bros . film . The Democratic Party nominated Schmid for the Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs , but he lost the election . Schmid eventually recovered partial sight in one eye , but problems with his leg led him to retire in 1957 and move to Florida . Al Schmid died of bone cancer on 1 December 1982 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery .
Concept development and experimentation Concept development and experimentation ( CD & E ) is the application of the structure and methods of experimental science to the challenge of developing future military capability . CD & E is a forward - looking process for developing and evaluating new concepts , before committing extensive resources . CDE is a process to identify the best solution not only from a technical perspective , but also for possible solutions for challenges involving doctrine , organization , training , and material to achieve significant advances in future operations . CD & E is a way of thinking your way through the future before spending money . Developing and identifying future - oriented concepts allows one to : The potential impacts on interoperability and increased capabilities by emerging concepts must be captured by some process and exploited . Concept development gives broad and sometimes ill - defined ideas a chance to be examined by groups of experts in a logical process . These ideas can come from different sources : e . g . Ministry of Defense , industry , servicemen organizations or partners . They can be generated by staff processes , operational experience , formal analytical work , or published proposals . There need be no boundaries on the types of ideas that enter the concept development process , although some simpler ones that modify techniques or procedures might be ‘ fast - tracked ’ into practice because they are intuitively sound . Typically , promising ideas with a broader scope are explored and refined through workshops and larger seminars to the point where more mature concepts are formed . These concepts are further debated in committees or working groups and , if accepted , are submitted to the experimental process . Kinds of experiments . Different kinds of experiments can be conducted : Once validated and accepted , concepts are incorporated into military organizations – for example , through doctrine and capability development processes .
Harry W . Jenkins Harry W . Jenkins is a former Major General in the United States Marine Corps . Career . Jenkins was commissioned an officer in the Marine Corps in 1960 and completed The Basic School the following year . He was then assigned to the 5th Marine Regiment and then the 9th Marine Regiment in Okinawa , Japan . From 1962 to 1964 , Jenkins was Executive Officer of the San Francisco Naval Shipyard . The following year , he became a senior instructor at the Mountain Warfare Training Center . After studying amphibious warfare at the Officer Candidates School , Jenkins was deployed to serve in the Vietnam War with the 26th Marine Regiment . In 1969 , he was assigned to the 1st Marine Division as Civil Affairs Officer . After returning to the United States , Jenkins was named the Marine Officer instructor of the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps at the University of Wisconsin - Madison . From there he was stationed at Headquarters Marine Corps , where he eventually served in the Office of the Commandant of the Marine Corps . In 1976 , Jenkins was deployed to serve a second tour of duty in the Vietnam War with the 9th Marine Regiment . The following year , he was assigned to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs and served in the National Military Command Center . After graduating from the Naval War College , Jenkins returned to Headquarters Marine Corps . Jenkins was assigned to the 2nd Marine Division in 1984 . In 1986 , he became Chief of Staff of the Division . The following year , he was named Legislative Assistant to the Commandant of the Marine Corps . In 1988 , he was given the additional duties of Director of Public Affairs . In 1989 , he was assigned to Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek . After serving in the Gulf War , Jenkins was named Assistant Chief of Staff of Command , Control , Communications and Computers of the Marine Corps in 1991 . The following year , he joined the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations . Since retiring from the Marine Corps , he has served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Marine Corps Association . Awards he received during his career include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star Medal with Combat Valor device and three award stars , the Defense Meritorious Service Medal , the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat Valor device , the Combat Action Ribbon , the Presidential Unit Citation with two service stars , the Navy Unit Commendation , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Vietnam Service Medal with silver service star , the Southwest Asia Service Medal with two service stars , the Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon with service star , the Arctic Service Ribbon , the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross , the Vietnam Campaign Medal and the Kuwait Liberation Medal .
Batskelevich Cavalry Group The Batskelevich Cavalry Group was a cavalry formation of the Red Army during World War II . Formed on 18 July 1941 in the Western Front under the command of the 32nd Cavalry Division ' s commander . This was the first of the Cavalry Groups formed during the war . The group operated as a raiding force on the flank and rear of the German 2nd Army and 2nd Panzer Corps . The group made several raids prior to the front stabilizing in August . The group was disbanded in September 1942 . References . See also Cavalry corps ( Red Army )
St . Nicholas Fortress St . Nicholas Fortress ( ) is a fortress located in the town of Šibenik , one of the oldest native Croatian towns on the eastern shores of the Adriatic , in central Dalmatia , Croatia . History . In the town of Šibenik there are four fortresses : Only St . Nicholas Fortress is at sea , at the entrance of Šibenik port , and the other three are on land . St . Nicholas Fortress was built on the left side at the entrance of the St . Anthony " ( Sv . Ante ) " channel , on the island called " Ljuljevac " , in front of the Šibenik port . St . Nicholas Fortress got its name from the Benedictine Monastery of St . Nicholas , which was on the island , but due to construction of the fortress had to be demolished . At the request of domestic Croat population of Šibenik , the Venetian captain Alojzije de Canal decided to build a fort on an island of Ljuljevac in 30 April 1525 . Fortress was designed and built by the famous Venetian architect and builder Hyeronimus di San Michaela . It was built by in the 16th century to prevent Turkish boats from reaching the port . St . Nicholas Fortress was armed with 32 cannon . However , its imposing appearance and size were a bigger threat to the enemy than canons . Architecture . The fortress is one of the most valuable and best preserved examples of defense architecture in Dalmatia . The fortress is made of brick because this material was considered to be most resistant to cannon balls , while the foundations are made of stone . Although defense capabilities of the fortress have never been tested in military operations , the structure still proved successful in protecting the city from sea - bound enemy attacks . During the centuries of use , the structure served to various armies and has undergone a number of renovations , some of them made necessary because of the development of arms . It was completely abandoned by the military in 1979 and has been in renovation ever since . Notes . In the Mediterranean , there are two similar forts : one on the island of Malta , and the other is in Venice , and her name is Saint Nicholas .
Admiral of the Fleet ( Royal New Zealand Navy ) Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh was created Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal New Zealand Navy in 1954 , following the coronation of his wife Elizabeth II as Queen . He is not an Admiral merely in his capacity as Admiral of the Fleet in the Imperial Royal Navy – New Zealand , like Australia , maintains a separate rank .
Buttes New British Cemetery ( New Zealand ) Memorial The Buttes New British Cemetery ( New Zealand ) Memorial is a World War I memorial , located in Buttes New British Cemetery , near the town of Zonnebeke , Belgium . The memorial lists 378 officers and men of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force with no known grave who were killed between September 1917 and May 1918 while serving in the Polygon Wood Sector or in the Battle of Polygon Wood . The Polygon Wood Sector was part of the Ypres Salient , and many of the deaths in the period in question were due to the conditions in the trenches during the winter of 1917 to 1918 . This memorial , designed by the English architect Charles Holden , is one of seven such memorials on the Western Front to the missing dead from New Zealand . The others are located at Messines Ridge British Cemetery , Caterpillar Valley ( Longueval ) , Grevillers , Tyne Cot , Cite Bonjean , and Marfaux . Other memorials and cemeteries in the area , related to the battle , are the Australian 5th Division memorial ( which is in the form of an obelisk ) , and the Polygon Wood Cemetery .
Alabama World War II Army Airfields During World War II , the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) established numerous airfields in Alabama for antisubmarine defense in the Gulf of Mexico and for training pilots and aircrews of AAF fighters and bombers . Most of these airfields were under the command of Third Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command ( AAFTC ) ( A predecessor of the current - day United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command ) . However the other USAAF support commands ( Air Technical Service Command ( ATSC ) ; Air Transport Command ( ATC ) or Troop Carrier Command ) commanded a significant number of airfields in a support roles . It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields . Many were converted into municipal airports , some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front - line bases during the Cold War . Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today , and are being used for other purposes . Major Airfields . AAF Training Command . Eastern Flight Training Center
Department of the Army Civilian Awards The United States Department of the Army offers a variety of awards , decorations and incentive programs to honor and recognize the contribution and efforts of its civilian workforce . There are three categories of recognition : monetary , honorary , and time - off . Honorary Awards . ( These awards are listed in hierarchical order from the highest to the lowest ) :
Claude de la Sengle Fra ' Claude de la Sengle ( 1494 – 18 August 1557 ) was the 48th Grand Master of the Order of Malta , from 1553 his death . His successor was Fra ' Jean Parisot de Valette . A native Frenchman , de la Sengle , then Bailli of the French tongue of the Order , was heavily involved in the battles of the Knights against the Turkish corsair and Ottoman admiral Turgut Reis in the Mediterranean and in North Africa , and particularly in the struggles for Djerba and Tripoli . De la Sengle had considerable impact on the military strengthening of Malta , notably by initiating in 1554 the development of the city of Senglea , which was later named after him and bears his coat of arms . He also expanded Fort Saint Michael into a major bastion and completed Fort Saint Elmo , which had been begun by his predecessor , Grand Master Juan de Homedes y Coscon . De la Sengle died at Mdina on 18 August 1557 and was buried in the chapel of Fort St . Angelo . His heart was buried in the Church of the Annunciation , outside Rabat on Malta .
First Battle of Homs The first Battle of Homs was fought on December 10 , 1260 , between the armies of the Mongol Ilkhanate of Persia and the forces of Egypt , in Syria . After the historic Mamluk victory over the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in September 1260 , Hulagu Khan of the Ilkhanate had the Ayyubid Sultan of Damascus and other Ayyubid princes executed in revenge , thus effectively ending the dynasty in Syria . However , the defeat at Ain Jalut forced the Mongol armies out of Syria and the Levant . The main cities of Syria , Aleppo and Damascus were thus left open to Mamluk occupation . But Homs and Hama remained in the possession of minor Ayyubid princes . These princes , rather than the Mamluks of Cairo themselves , actually fought and won the First Battle of Homs . Due to the open war between Hulagu and his cousin Berke of the Golden Horde during the civil war of the Mongol Empire , the Ilkhanate could only afford to send 6 , 000 troops back into Syria to retake control of the lands . This expedition was initiated by Mongol generals such as Baidu who was forced to leave Gaza when the Mamluks advanced just before the battle of Ain Jalut . After quickly recapturing Aleppo , the force travelled southwards to Homs , but were decisively defeated . This ended the first campaign into Syria by the Ilkhanate , though there were several later incursions , none of which ended with conquests lasting more than a year .
Charles - Armand de Gontaut , duc de Biron Charles Armand de Gontaut , duc de Biron ( 1663 — 1756 ) , great - grandson of Armand de Gontout - Biron , was a French military leader who served with distinction under Louis XIV and Louis XV , and was made a Marshal of France by the latter . He commanded the French vanguard at the Battle of Oudenaarde ( 1708 ) , and noticed the first manoeuvre of deviation by Marlborough . Nevertheless , opposed on his lines by numerical superior forces , he was unable to change the course of events that were to happen . He married Marie - Antoinette , duchesse de Lauzun and niece of Antoine Nompar de Caumont , duc de Lauzun . They had 14 children among whom were
Roy Slemon Air Marshal Charles Roy Slemon , CB , CBE , CD ( 7 November 1904 – 12 February 1992 ) , known as Roy Slemon , was the Royal Canadian Air Force ' s Chief of the Air Staff from 1953 to 1957 . Career . Slemon joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1922 . After an early military career flying Vickers Vedette s , he served as Senior Staff Officer and then as the Commander of Canada ' s Western Air Command from 1938 to 1941 . After a posting to the United Kingdom , Slemon became Senior Air Staff Officer at No . 6 ( Canadian ) Bomber Group in 1942 . During the last year of World War II , Slemon was Deputy Air Officer Commander - in - Chief of the RCAF Overseas . Slemon became Air Officer Commanding Training Command at CFB Trenton in 1949 , Chief of the Air Staff in 1953 and Deputy Commander in Chief of NORAD in 1957 . He retired to Colorado Springs in 1964 . References .
USS Lindsey ( DM - 32 ) USS " Lindsey " ( DD - 771 / DM - 32 / MMD - 32 ) was a Sumner class destroyer minelayer in the United States Navy during World War II . She was named for Eugene E . Lindsey . " Lindsey " was laid down as DD - 771 12 September 1943 by Bethlehem Steel Company , San Pedro , California ; launched 5 March 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Eugene E . Lindsey , widow of Lt . Comdr . Lindsey ; reclassified DM - 32 19 July 1944 ; and commissioned 20 August 1944 , Commander T . E . Chambers in command . After shakedown off southern California , the new destroyer minelayer sailed from San Francisco 25 November 1944 via Pearl Harbor for Ulithi , arriving 3 February 1945 . Underway from Ulithi the morning of 8 February , " Lindsey " steamed toward Iwo Jima . Operating off Iwo 17 to 19 February , " Lindsey " knocked out six guns ashore and provided covering fire as minesweepers cleared the harbor . On the 23d she returned to Ulithi to prepare for landings on Okinawa . Underway 19 March , " Lindsey " arrived off Okinawa 24 March and swept the harbor for the inbound transports . Then as the marines gained a foothold , the ship bombarded Japan ese gun installations and transferred wounded soldiers to hospital ship s . On the afternoon of 12 April , " Lindsey " experienced a mass kamikaze attack . Her gunners scored repeated hits on seven onrushing dive bombers , but two “ Val s ” , damaged and out of control , crashed " Lindsey " killing 57 sailors and wounding 57 more . The explosion from the second Val ripped some 60 feet off her bow . Only the “ all back full ” ordered by Commander Chambers prevented the pressure of inrushing water from collapsing the fireroom bulkhead and sinking the ship . Towed to Kerama Retto the same night , " Lindsey " remained in the lagoon for 2 weeks repairing battle damage . On 28 April she departed under tow for Guam , where , after arrival 6 May , she received a temporary bow . She sailed under her own power 8 July for the east coast via Pearl Harbor and the Panama Canal , arriving Norfolk , Virginia 19 August 1945 . After extensive repairs at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard , " Lindsey " steamed 6 March 1946 for Charleston , South Carolina , and arrived the next day . " Lindsey " decommissioned 25 May 1946 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1970 . " Lindsey " received two battle stars for World War II . As of 2006 , no other ship in the United States Navy has been named " Lindsey " .