naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hiram Scofield Hiram Scofield ( July 1 , 1830 – December 30 , 1906 ) was a lawyer and Union Army officier during the American Civil War . He entered the Army as a private in 1862 and mustered out as a brevet brigadier general in 1866 . Early life and career . Scofield was born in rural Saratoga County , New York . He attended Union College and graduated from Albany Law School in 1856 . He established a law practice in Washington , Iowa , in 1858 . Civil War . Scofield enlisted as a private in the Union Army in April 1861 and was assigned to Company H of the 2nd Iowa Infantry . He was promoted to second and then to first lieutenant , taking command of the company in February 1862 at the time of the Battle of Fort Donelson . He was adjudant to Brig . Gen . Jacob G . Lauman at the Battle of Shiloh where Scofield was wounded in the leg . He returned to duty within a month . He was transferred to the staff of Brig . Gen . John McArthur at the Battle of Vicksburg and the Battle of Memphis . In spring of 1863 , Scofield organized and commanded the 8th Louisiana Regiment Infantry ( African Descent ) at Lake Providence , Louisiana . The regiment participated in the expedition up the Yazoo River . In the spring of 1864 , he was assigned to command the 2nd Brigade of Maj . Gen . Edward Canby ' s division . The regiment was transferred to Pensacola , Florida , and then participated in the Battle of Fort Blakely and the capture of Mobile , Alabama . Scofield and his men thereafter were stationed in Louisiana and Texas He mustered out in Baton Rouge , Louisiana , on May 22 , 1866 , as a brigadier general . Postbellum activities . After the Civil War , Scofield resumed his law practice in Iowa , which he continued until his death in 1906 in Seattle , Washington .
22nd Battalion ( Australia ) The 22nd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army . It was raised in 1915 as part of the First Australian Imperial Force for service during World War I and formed part of the 6th Brigade , attached to the 2nd Division . It fought during the Gallipoli campaign and on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919 . Reraised in 1921 and merged with the 29th Battalion in 1930 to form the 29th / 22nd Infantry Battalion . Split in August 1939 and known as the 22nd Battalion ( South Gippsland Regiment ) , the battalion saw action during World War II in the Huon Peninsula and New Britain campaign s . The battalion was disbanded in June 1946 . History . World War I . The 22nd Battalion AIF was first formed at Broadmedows Camp in Victoria , on the 26th of March 1915 . The battalion was aligned with 6th Brigade 2nd Division . Most of 22nd Battalion AIF left Australia heading to Egypt on the 8th of May 1915 . The battalion saw their first action in September 1915 on the Gallipoli Peninsula , taking up the position from elements of 2nd Division allowing them to recover . They would remain in Gallipoli until the final evacuation that took place in December 1915 . During their involvement , the transport drivers from the battalion as well as 6th Brigade , were reposted to Solnonika to provide support for the Serbian contigent . They would remain there until the final evacuation . After being evacuated back to Egypt , the battalion was strengthen by reinforcements before being sent to France . On March 16 , the left Egypt for France .
5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade The 5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade was a brigade of the British Indian Army formed during the First World War . It was dispatched to the Western Front with the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division arriving 14 November 1914 . Originally comprising one British and two Indian cavalry regiments , it gained a Machine Gun Squadron in 1916 . Unlike the other Indian cavalry brigades sent to France , the Mhow Cavalry Brigade was not a pre war formation . It was formed from cavalry regiments that were assigned to the Nasirabad , Jubbulpore and Jhansi Brigades in the 5th ( Mhow ) Division . On formation the brigade was part of the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division , then in September 1915 was transferred to the 1st Indian Cavalry Division . The brigade was disbanded in 1918 , the Indian units leaving France to take part in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign , while the British 6th ( Inniskilling ) Dragoons remained in France joining the 7th Cavalry Brigade .
Marshal of Yugoslavia Marshal of Yugoslavia ( Serbo - Croatian , Slovene : " Maršal Jugoslavije " , Cyrillic script : Маршал Југославије ; Macedonian : Маршал на Југославија ) was the highest rank of Yugoslav People ' s Army ( equivalent to field marshal ) , and , simultaneously , a Yugoslav honorific title . The only person to ever hold the rank of " Marshal of Yugoslavia " was Josip Broz Tito , with the term " Marshal " becoming synonymous with his name in Yugoslavia . He received it at the second session of AVNOJ at Jajce on November 30 , 1943 , and held it until his death on May 4 , 1980 .
USS Leyden ( IX - 167 ) USS " Leyden " ( IX - 167 ) , was an auxiliary transport ship of the United States Navy during World War II . She was built as the " Northland " by Harlan & Hollingsworth Corp . , Wilmington , Delaware , in 1911 . Service history . During the first part of World War II , she operated as a transport with the British Royal Navy . She was assigned the name " Leyden " ( IX - 167 ) on 18 May 1944 , acquired by the US Navy and commissioned on 22 May 1944 , Lt . William S . Johnson in command . From her commissioning until July 1945 , " Leyden " operated as a naval auxiliary in British staging areas and French ports during the final European campaigns of World War II . " Leyden " was decommissioned at Falmouth , England , on 23 July 1945 for return to the War Shipping Administration ( WSA ) , and was sold to the Fu Chung International Corp . , on 7 November 1946 . She was renamed " Hung Chong " .
Duntulm Castle Duntulm Castle stands ruined on the north coast of Trotternish , on the Isle of Skye in Scotland , near the hamlet of Duntulm . During the 17th century it was the seat of the chiefs of Clan MacDonald of Sleat . History . It is believed that , in prehistoric times , a broch or dun , known as " Dun David " , or " Dun Dhaibhidh " stood here . However , no archaeological evidence has been found for this predecessor . The castle was built in the 14th and 15th centuries , when the area was subject to feuds between the rival MacLeod and Macdonald clans . The defences were improved in the 16th century , and by the early 17th century the Macdonald ' s had finally gained the upper hand in the area . In 1618 the Privy Council and Sir Donald Macdonald of Sleat , " Donald Gorm Og " , the 9th chief , signed a charter , requiring him to repair Duntulm . This was done , and a second tower was added . Around 1650 , the castle ' s importance peaked , when further improvements were made , and a rectangular structure or house was built within the wall . Around 1732 the castle was abandoned , when Sir Alexander Macdonald built a new residence , Monkstadt House , to the south , robbing much of the castle ' s stone as building material . The castle . The main structure of the castle is about , and stands on a basalt promontory above the sea . It is further defended by a ditch along the landward side . It comprises the vaults of a tower , which once stood to four - storeys , surrounded by an irregular curtain wall . The later house measures around . The only entrance was via a narrow cleft in the sea cliff . The ruins of the castle are now in a very poor condition , with major falls of masonry as recently as 1990 . Legend . According to one local legend , the castle was abandoned after the infant son of the chieftain who dwelt there at the time , in the charge of a nursemaid , fell from a window and was dashed on the rocks below . As a punishment , the nursemaid was set adrift on the North Atlantic in a small boat .
G - class landing craft The G class , also known as the Marine Alutech Watercat M8 landing craft ( , ) is a type of vessel in use by the Finnish Navy and the Swedish Navy . The G - boat was originally designed for the Swedish Navy which ordered about 100 of them . Its primary use is landing and transportation for the marines . It has a very low draught ( approximately 20 cm ) at high speeds which makes it ideal for amphibious assault even in shallow waters . It has a cargo capacity of 8 men or one ton . External references . Finnish Defence Forces " Website of The Finnish Defence Forces " < br > Marine Alutech " Website of Marine Alutech " < br > " Video in Youtube "
Hosokawa Akiuji In 1338 , he was sent by Ashikaga Takauji to assist in the defence of the Kuromaru , a fortress belonging to " Kanrei " Shiba Takatsune . His men clashed with fifty horsemen under the command of Nitta Yoshisada , one of the more famous commanders of the rival Southern Court . Nitta was mortally wounded by an arrow in this exchange . In 1347 , he faced Kusunoki Masatsura at Sakai no ura in Izumi Province . Hosokawa was greatly outnumbered , and so he broke off his attack . He was followed by Kusunoki , and was defeated in a night attack at Kawachi , suffering numerous casualties . Hosokawa fell back to Tennoji , and was defeated again , despite the aid of Yamana Tokiuji . Though Kusunoki was defeated and killed soon afterwards , at the Battle of Shijō Nawate , Hosokawa Akiuji did not take part .
Rising Sun Flag The is the military flag of Japan . This flag was used as a flag that symbolizes good luck from the Edo period . January 27 , 1870 , as a policy of the Meiji Restoration , this flag was adopted in national flag . The naval ensign and a modified version of the war flag continue to be used by the Japan Self - Defense Forces , and the design is also incorporated into many commercial products and advertisements . However , as the flag was used by the Japanese in the conquest and occupation of East Asia and during the war in the Pacific , it is considered offensive in South Korea and China , where it is considered to be associated with Japanese militarism and imperialism . Design . The design is similar to the flag of Japan in that it has a red circle close to the middle signifying the sun , the difference being the addition of extra sun rays ( 16 for the ensign ) exemplifying the name of Japan as " The Land of the Rising Sun " . The Meiji Restoration of Japan first adopted the Rising Sun Flag in 1870 . The Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy both had a version of the flag ; the naval ensign was off - set , with the red sun closer to the lanyard side , while the army ' s version ( which was part of the regimental colors ) was centered . It was adopted in 1889 . The flag was used in overseas actions from the Meiji period to World War II . When Japan was defeated in August 1945 and the Imperial Army and Navy were dissolved , the flag fell into disuse . However with the re - establishment of a Self - Defense Force the flag was re - adopted in 1954 . The flag with 16 rays is today the ensign of the Maritime Self - Defense Force while the Ground Self - Defense Force uses an 8 - ray version . Present - day perception . The flag is considered offensive in countries with a strong anti - Japanese sentiment , specifically in China and South Korea , where it is considered to be associated with Japanese militarism and imperialism . During the 2008 Beijing Olympics , Japanese fans were warned not to fly the flag as it would cause offense and trouble with the Chinese . In Japan itself the flag is sometimes seen at sporting events and protests by extreme right - wing groups . The Rising Sun flag also appears on commercial product labels , such as on the cans of one variety of Asahi Breweries lager beer . The design is also incorporated into the flag of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun as well as banners called flown by fishermen . Examples of the Rising Sun design in use . United States Military Similar flags
USS Banshee ( 1862 ) USS " Banshee " ( 1862 ) was a large steamship “ blockade runner ” that was captured by the Union Navy and converted to Navy use during the American Civil War . " Banshee " , a 533 - ton ( burden ) side - wheel steamship , was built in Liverpool , England , in 1862 for employment running the Federal blockade of the Confederate coast . Career as a blockade runner . Her transatlantic maiden voyage , in April 1863 , was a " first " for a steel - hulled ship , though her innovative construction proved troublesome in service . During the next seven months , " Banshee " was very successful in her intended trade , making seven round - trip voyages between Bermuda or the Bahamas and Wilmington , North Carolina . Future New York shipping magnate F . W . J . Hurst was second in command of the ship on these runs . She was captured by and the U . S . Army Transport " Fulton " on 21 November 1863 , while en route to Wilmington . Acquired by the Union Navy . Sent North for adjudication by the New York Prize Court , she was purchased in March 1864 by the U . S . Navy , which converted her to a gunboat and , in June 1864 , placed her in commission as " USS Banshee " . Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron . The steamer served for the rest of the year with the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron . In December she took part in the abortive attempt to capture Fort Fisher , North Carolina . " Banshee " was reassigned to the Potomac Flotilla in mid - January 1865 and spent the rest of the Civil War operating on the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries . Post - war decommissioning . Decommissioned after the fighting ended , " Banshee " was sold in November 1865 . Her new owners placed her in commercial service under the name " T . L . Smallwood " ( or " J . L . Smallwood " ) . Sold to British interests in 1867 , she was renamed " Irene " and remained in use at least until the 1890s .
Tania ( queen ) According to Polyaenus , Tania was a queen of ancient Dardania . She took the throne after her husband ' s death , and she personally went into battle , riding on a chariot . She was an excellent general who was never defeated . She had one daughter who married one of her trusted soldiers . A year after the wedding had taken place her son - in - law assassinated her as she slept .
USS Charmian II ( SP - 696 ) USS " Charmian II " ( SP - 696 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Charmian II " was built as a private motorboat of the same name by the Chance Marine Construction Company at Annapolis , Maryland . On 29 May 1917 the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , J . E . Stanton Jr . of New Bedford , Massachusetts , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Charmian II " ( SP - 696 ) . Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England , " Charmian II " served on patrol duty for the rest of World War I . The Navy returned " Charmian II " to Stanton on 25 November 1918 .
Walter E . Reno Walter Elsworth Reno ( October 3 , 1881 – November 19 , 1917 ) was an officer in the United States Navy . He died while on convoy duty in World War I , when his ship was accidentally rammed by a British vessel . Life and naval career . Born in Davis County , Iowa , Reno entered the Naval Academy in 1901 and graduated in 1905 . While a junior officer , Reno served primarily in battleship s . He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in 1910 and during the next four years was stationed in the battleships and . From early 1914 until early 1916 he was Officer in Charge at the Chicago , Illinois , Navy Recruiting Station . Lieutenant Reno then went out to the Philippines , where he took command of the destroyer . In the Summer of 1917 , after United States had entered World War I , Reno brought his ship from the Far East to the European war zone . While on convoy escort duty west of Gibraltar during the night of November 19 , 1917 , " Chauncey " was rammed by British merchantman " Rose " and sank , taking with her Lieutenant Commander Reno and twenty of his ship ' s officers and men . Reno was awarded the Navy Cross " for exceptionally distinguished service in the line of his profession in command of the U . S . S . Chauncey in making the trip of 11 , 000 miles from Manila , P . I . , to Gibraltar , under very unfavorable weather conditions " .
Herbst maneuver The Herbst maneuver ( also known as a J - turn ) is an air combat maneuver which uses post - stall technology such as thrust vectoring and advanced flight controls to achieve high angles of attack . The Herbst maneuver allows an aircraft to quickly reverse direction using a combination of high angle - of - attack and rolling . Though categorized with Pugachev ' s Cobra , which is popular at airshows , the Herbst maneuver is considered more useful in combat . The Herbst maneuver was named after Dr . Wolfgang Herbst , an employee of Messerschmitt - Bölkow - Blohm ( MBB ) . Herbst was the initiator of the Rockwell SNAKE , which formed the basis for the Rockwell - MBB X - 31 project , and one of the original developers of post - stall technology . The Herbst maneuver was first performed by an X - 31 on April 29 , 1993 .
Bill Bedford Alfred William " Bill " Bedford OBE AFC FRAeS ( 18 November 1920 – 20 October 1996 ) was a British test pilot and pioneered the development of V / STOL aircraft . Bedford was born on the 18 November 1920 at Loughborough and was educated at Loughborough College . He was serving an electrical a mechanical apprenticeship and training to be a steeplejack when the war started . Bedford joined the Royal Air Force as a fighter pilot in 1940 . He flew the Hawker Hurricane and the Republic Thunderbolt with No . 605 Squadron RAF and No . 135 Squadron RAF , and the North American Mustang with No . 65 Squadron RAF . Bedford was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1945 . After the war , he took a permanent commission with the RAF and became an all - weather flying instructor and tutor at the Empire Test Pilots ' School . On 24 August 1950 an Eon Olympia glider flown by Bill Bedford broke the British distance record by flying 310 km in 3 : 50 hr . On 2 May 1951 Bedford broke this record with a flight of 413 km from Farnborough to Newcastle . On his retirement in 1951 he joined Hawker Siddeley and was chief test pilot from 1956 till 1967 . Together with his colleague Hugh Merewether he pioneered Hawker ' s development of V / STOL aircraft . Bedford was the first pilot to fly the Hawker P . 1127 , Kestrel , and Harrier . In addition to his land - based test pilot duties , he also pioneered the operation of V / STOL aircraft from a ship - the P . 1127 on HMS " Ark Royal " in 1963 . From 1968 he became the Sales Manager for Hawker Siddeley Aviation and later marketing manager when it became British Aerospace . Bedford retired in 1986 and died on the 20 October 1996 in Surrey . Bedford ' s awards include the King ' s Commendation , the Order of the British Empire , and the Air Force Cross . In addition , he was awarded the Britannia , Segrave and de Havilland trophies . In 1994 , he was awarded the Sir Peter Masefield Gold Medal ,
Torpedo bulkhead A torpedo bulkhead is a type of armor common on the more heavily armored warships , especially battleship s and battlecruiser s of the early 20th century . It is designed to keep the ship afloat even if the hull was struck underneath the belt armor by a shell or by a torpedo . After the lessons learned during World War I , many capital ship s were refitted with double , triple , or even quadruple torpedo bulkheads , as well as anti - torpedo bulge s to the exterior of the hull . For example , the last US battleship designs during World War II had up to four torpedo bulkheads and a triple - bottom . The innermost bulkhead is commonly referred to as the " holding bulkhead " , and often this bulkhead would be manufactured from high tensile steel that could deform and absorb the pressure pulse from a torpedo hit without breaking . If the final bulkhead was at least 37mm thick , it may also be referred to as an " armored bulkhead " , as it would be capable of stopping splinters and shells with low striking velocities .
Victor Cazalet Colonel Victor Alexander Cazalet , MC ( 27 December 1896 – 4 July 1943 ) was a British Conservative Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) . Life and career . Cazalet was commissioned into the Queen ' s Own West Kent Yeomanry in 1915 and reached the rank of Captain , winning the Military Cross in 1917 . He was first elected at the 1924 general election , serving as MP for the Chippenham constituency in Wiltshire until his death . His sister , Thelma Cazalet - Keir was a noted feminist also and also a Conservative MP . Cazalet was a Christian Scientist and a member of Ninth Church of Christ , Scientist , London . During the Spanish Civil War , he was a strong supporter of General Franco and the fascists , serving on the ' Friends of National Spain ' committee . However before World War II , he opposed , with Winston Churchill , the appeasement of Adolf Hitler by Neville Chamberlain ' s government . He was killed in 1943 when his plane from Gibraltar to Britain crashed seconds after take off . The B - 24 Liberator II LB - 30 AL523 was also carrying the Polish General Władysław Sikorski ; Sikorski and everyone else on board ( but first pilot Eduard Prchal ) — 16 in all — died in the crash . Cazalet was the godfather of the actress Elizabeth Taylor .
Jean Baptiste Brunet Jean Baptiste Brunet was a French General of Division in the Napoleonic Army . He was responsible for the arrest of Toussaint Louverture . Brunet was a colonel with the 102nd Infantry Regiment . Arrest of Toussaint Loveture . Charles Leclerc originally asked Jean - Jacques Dessalines to arrest Louverture , but he declined . the task then fell to Brunet . However accounts differ as to how he accomplished this . One account has it that Brunet pretended that he planned to settle in Saint - Domingue and asked for Toussaint ' s advice about plantation management . Louverture ' s memoirs however suggest that Brunet ' s troops had been provocative , leading Louverture to seek a discussion with him . Embarrassed about his trickery , Brunet absented himself during the arrest .