naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Air Force Review Boards Agency The Air Force Review Boards Agency ( AFRBA ) provides management of various military and civilian appellate processes for the Secretary of the Air Force . It decides individual cases before the personnel council ’ s four component boards : It renders final decisions for the Secretary of the Air Force to correct errors or injustices in military and civilian records and ensures due process , equity and fair and impartial treatment for the Air Force military and civilian force .
Geschwaderkommodore Geschwaderkommodore ( English " Wing Commodore " ) is a " Luftwaffe " position ( not rank ) , originating during World War II , that is the equivalent of a RAF Group Commander or USAF Wing Commander . A " Geschwaderkommodore " is usually of " Oberstleutnant " ( Lieutenant Colonel ) or " Oberst " ( Colonel ) rank . A " Geschwaderkommodore " will command a " Geschwader " ( Wing ) , which in turn contains a number of " Gruppen " ( Groups ) commanded by a " Gruppenkommandeur " ( Group Commander ) . See also . Luftwaffe Organization
Battle of Narbonne ( 737 ) The Battle of Narbonne was fought in 737 between the forces of Yusuf ibn ' Abd al - Rahman al - Fihri , Umayyad governor of Narbonne , and a Frankish army led by Charles Martel . The city of Narbonne was captured by Al - Samh ibn Malik al - Khawlani , governor of Al - Andalus , in 719 or 720 . The city was renamed Arbūnah and turned into a military base for future operations . Following his success at the Battle of Avignon in 737 Charles Martel besieged Narbonne , but his forces were unable to take the city . However , when the Arabs sent reinforcements from Spain the Franks intercepted them at the mouth of the River Berre , in the present - day département of Aude , and scored a significant victory , after which they marched on Nîmes . Retreat . Charles may have been able to take Narbonne had he been willing to commit his army and full resources for an indefinite siege , but he was not willing or able to do so . Probably he found that the duke of Aquitaine Hunald was threatening his line of communication with the north . Furthermore , Maurontius , patrician of Provence , from his unconquered city of Marseille , raised a revolt against him from the rear . The Frankish leader may have considered accomplished his primary goals by destroying the Arab armies , and leaving the remaining Arabs confined to Narbonne . On his way back out of the region of Septimania , his army destroyed a string of cities and strongholds ( Avignon , etc . ) that failed to support him against the Muslims . A second Frankish expedition was led later in 739 to expel the inconvenient count Maurontius , who couldn´t expect this time Andalusian relief , from Marseille and regain control of Provence . According to Paul the Deacon ' s " Historia gentis Langobardorum " the Arabs retreated when they learned that Martel had formed an alliance with the Lombards , leaving the Umayyad forces stationed in the area and Maurontius himself too weak to meet in open battle .
Fort Loudoun ( Pennsylvania ) Fort Loudoun ( or Fort Loudon , after the modern spelling of the town ) was a fort in colonial Pennsylvania , one of several forts in colonial America named after John Campbell , 4th Earl of Loudoun . The fort was built in 1756 during the French and Indian War by Pennsylvania militia , and served as a post on the Forbes Road during the Forbes expedition that successfully drove the French away from Fort Duquesne . In 1765 , following Pontiac ' s Rebellion , settlers upset with the resumption of trade with Native Americans forced the British garrison to evacuate the fort , part of an uprising known as the Black Boys Rebellion . A replica of the fort was built on the original site in 1993 .
Rudel Scandal The Rudel Scandal of 1976 ( ) was a political scandal in Germany which concerned the way the German Armed Forces dealt with the traditions of the Wehrmacht . In the spring of 1976 , businessman and former Luftwaffe Colonel Hans - Ulrich Rudel , who had returned from Paraguay was invited by high - ranking Bundeswehr officers to a " tradition meeting " of the Aufklärungsgeschwader 51 " Immelmann " . Rudel had earlier been a leading member of the Neo - Nazi German Reich Party , and was considered persona non grata by the Ministry of Defence because of his undiminished admiration of Adolf Hitler . He was invited only after an intervention by the opposition ' s spokesman for Defence , Manfred Wörner , and attended as the last commander of Schlachtgeschwader 2 " Immelmann " . Present at the meeting , where Rudel signed his books and gave autographs to soldiers , were the Luftwaffe Generals Karl Heinz Franke and Walter Krupinski . Later , the generals publicly compared Rudel ' s past as a Nazi and Neo - Nazi supporter to the career of prominent Social Democrat leader Herbert Wehner , who had been a member of the German Communist Party in the 1930s and who had lived in Moscow during World War II , where he was allegedly involved in NKVD operations . Calling Wehner an extremist , they described Rudel as an honourable man who " hadn ' t stolen the family silver or anything else " . When these remarks became public , the Federal Minister of Defence Georg Leber ordered the generals into early retirement as of 1 November 1976 . Leber , however , a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) , was heavily criticised for his actions by the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) opposition , and the scandal contributed to the minister ' s retirement in early 1978 . References . Die Rudel - Affäre @ Geschichte der Luftwaffe
VS - N fuzed mines The VS - 2 . 2 , VS - 3 . 6 and SH - 55 are Italian circular plastic cased anti - tank blast mines that use the VS - N series fuze . They have very few metal components and are resistant to overpressure and shock . The VS - 2 . 2 and VS - 3 . 6 can also be deployed from helicopter s . It was produced by Valsella Meccanotecnica and Singapore , but production has ceased . The VS - 2 . 2 and VS - 3 . 6 are essentially the same , the VS - 3 . 6 being slightly larger , the SH - 55 is larger still and has a more rounded appearance . A smaller mine , the VS - 1 . 6 also uses the same fuze . Description . The mines are normally olive green or sand coloured and are circular . The VS - 2 . 2 and VS - 3 . 6 consist of a ribbed main body containing the main charge and a large circular VS - N fuze which sits on top . The SH - 55 is larger , and the circular main body is not as ribbed , it uses the same VS - N fuze as the other mines . The VS - N fuze is air pressure driven with pressure on the top plate of the mine forcing air into a diaphragm which exerts pressure on the striker until a retaining ball is forced into a recess . Shocks from overpressure are too short to inflate the diaphragm , this requires gradual pressure giving even greater resistance to shock . This mine has a secondary fuze well on the bottom ( where it cannot be seen ) which is slightly off - set from the centre of the mine . This secondary fuze well can easily be fitted with pull - fuze which functions as an anti - handling device . The main charge of the VS - 2 . 2 is relatively small for an anti - tank mine , so it would tend to disable rather than destroy vehicles , however the VS - 3 . 6 and SH - 55 may penetrate the hull of armoured vehicles . The VS - 2 . 2 mine is found in Iraq and Kuwait , the SH - 55 is found in Afghanistan .
Ronald F . Marryott Rear Admiral Ronald F . Marryott ( February 18 , 1934 – June 4 , 2005 ) was the Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy from 1986 to 1988 . He served as president and CEO of the George C . Marshall Foundation , and president and CEO of the Naval Academy Alumni Association from 1996 to 2000 . He also was President of the Naval War College from 1985 to 1986 . Early career . After graduating from the Academy in 1957 Marryott was designated a Naval Aviator . He flew patrol and surveillance operations in P - 2V and P - 3 aircraft over both the Atlantic and the Pacific and participated in the Cuban Missile Crisis blockade , he also served as Project Mercury recovery officer for the first three manned spaceflights . In the mid - 1960s at the academy , he taught naval history and the history of U . S . foreign policy , American government and politics , and international relations . Marryott saw duty in Vietnam and flew numerous Cold War missions . He went on to command Patrol Squadron 9 and the Naval Air Station , Moffett Field , California He served as a Navy aviator and commanded the Iceland Defense Force . He also served seven tours in the Pentagon and was President of the Naval War College from 1985 to 1986 . Superintendent . One of his greatest challenges as the academy ' s superintendent was to stanch the dropout rate for female midshipmen . He appointed a task force to examine the reasons for the high attrition rate in the 1980s . He found that much of the problem was that female recruits often lacked strong backgrounds in sciences or athletics , two staples of life at the academy . Once recruiters started looking for women who were strong in these areas , as were their male counterparts , the attrition rate dropped . Later life . Marryott retired from active duty in 1990 and served as president and chief executive officer of the George C . Marshall Foundation before returning to Annapolis as president and chief executive officer of the academy ' s alumni association . He retired from the association in 2000 , but remained active and served as co - chairman of the Class of ' 57 fundraising efforts . He was honored in 2004 as a Naval Academy Distinguished Graduate , he was a member of the class of 1957 . He died on June 4 , 2005 of complications from leukemia at the age of 71 . Marryott was buried with full military honors at the U . S . Naval Academy Cemetery .
Wilhelm Albert ( officer ) Wilhelm Albert ( 24 April 1917 – 15 December 2004 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II and an Oberstleutnant in the Bundeswehr . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Project Cloud Gap Project Cloud Gap : Demonstrated Destruction of Nuclear Weapons was a program run by the United States Department of Defense and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency from 1963 to 1967 ( or 1969 , according to other sources ) whose purpose was to " test the technical feasibility of potential arms control and disarmament measures " . Arms control agreements discussed between the United States and the Soviet Union would involve on - site inspections , and such techniques , which involved giant drilling rigs and helicopter overflights to detect secret underground testing , were field - tested by Cloud Gap . The program was abandoned after a helicopter crash during a mock inspection exercise killed several team members . Cloud Gap ' s aborted work culminated in " Field Test 34 " , " an extensive mock dismantlement exercise " which demonstrated two things : if any party to a treaty attempted to cheat , the risk of detection was significant , and the party that cooperated and allowed for on - site inspection would see " significant amounts of classified information be put at risk and invariably lost " .
1st Fighter Division ( Germany ) 1 . Jagd Division ( 1st Fighter Division ) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II . It was formed on 1 May 1942 in Deelen from Stab / 1 . Nachtjagd - Division and redesignated 3 . Jagd - Division on 15 September 1943 . It was immediately reformed on 15 September 1943 in Döberitz from the 4 . Jagd - Division . The Division was subordinated to XII . Fliegerkorps ( May 1942 – September 1943 ) , I . Jagdkorps ( September 1943 – January 1945 ) and IX ( J ) Fliegerkorps ( January 1945 – May 1945 ) .
Little Feller ( nuclear tests ) Little Feller II and Little Feller I were code names for a set of nuclear tests undertaken by the United States at the Nevada Test Site on July 7 and July 17 , 1962 as part of Operation Sunbeam . They were both tests of stockpiled W54 warheads , the smallest nuclear warheads ever produced by the United States , used in both the Davy Crockett warhead and the Special Atomic Demolition Munition . In Little Feller II ( July 7 ) , the warhead was suspended only three feet above the ground and had a yield equivalent to only 22 tons of TNT . In Little Feller I ( July 17 ) , the warhead was launched as a Davy Crockett device from a stationary 155 millimeter launcher and set to detonate between 20 and 40 feet above the ground around 1 . 7 miles from the launch point , with a yield of 18 tons . This test was performed in conjunction with Operation Ivy Flats , a simulated military environment , and was observed by Attorney General Robert F . Kennedy and presidential adviser General Maxwell D . Taylor . Little Feller I has the additional distinction of being the last near - ground atmospheric nuclear detonation conducted by the United States of America ( the high altitude Fishbowl tests concluded in November 1962 with a detonation at around 21 km altitude ) . All further tests were conducted underground , in accordance with the Partial Test Ban Treaty . An additional footnote is Operation Roller Coaster . Although this later series of tests involved no true nuclear detonation , they did disperse radioactive material using conventional explosives and thus may alternatively be considered the last aboveground nuclear test .
Alfred B . Fitt Alfred Bradley Fitt ( 1923 - 1992 ) was a United States lawyer who served as General Counsel of the Army from 1964 to 1967 , as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs from 1967 to 1969 , and as general counsel of the Congressional Budget Office from 1975 to 1992 . Biography . Alfred B . Fitt was born in Highland Park , Illinois on April 12 , 1923 . He was educated at Yale University , receiving a B . A . in 1946 . He then attended the University of Michigan Law School , received a J . D . in 1948 . He was admitted to the bar of 1948 . In 1948 , Fitt became an associate at the Detroit law firm of Lewis & Watkins . He became a partner in the firm in 1952 . In 1954 , he left Lewis & Watkins to become a legal adviser to Governor of Michigan G . Mennen Williams . In 1960 , he moved to Washington , D . C . to become associate counsel of the United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . In 1961 , he became chief counsel of the Special Committee on FAA Procedures . Later in 1961 , Fitt joined the United States Department of the Army as Deputy Under Secretary of the Army for Manpower . He served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Civil Rights as 1963 to 1964 . From 1964 to 1967 , he served as General Counsel of the Army . He was Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs from October 9 , 1967 to February 20 , 1969 . Fitt left government service in 1969 , becoming President of Yale Kingman Brewster , Jr . ' s special assistant for community and alumni affairs . Fitt left Yale in 1975 to become general counsel of the Congressional Budget Office , a position he would hold for the next seventeen years . Fitt died on July 7 , 1992 , at the age of 69 . Fitt married twice . His second wife , born Lois Dickson ( b . 1933 ) , married Fitt after divorcing Emmett J . Rice , making Fitt the stepfather of Susan Rice .
107th Regiment of Foot ( Bengal Light Infantry ) The 107th Regiment of Foot ( Bengal Light Infantry ) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1862 to 1881 , when it was amalgamated into The Royal Sussex Regiment . The regiment was originally formed by the Honourable East India Company in 1854 as the 3rd Bengal ( European ) Light Infantry , and served in the Indian Mutiny of 1857 . As with all other " European " units of the Company , they were placed under the command of the Crown in 1858 , and formally moved into the British Army in 1862 , ranked as the 107th Foot . As part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 , the regiment was amalgamated with the 35th ( Royal Sussex ) Regiment of Foot to form The Royal Sussex Regiment .
Georgios Koumanakos Georgios Koumanakos ( , 1913 – 2003 ) was a Greek Army officer and peace activist . Born in Gytheio , Mani ( now Laconia ) in 1913 , he fought in World War II , in the Greek Civil War against the Communists and commanded the Greek Expeditionary Force in Korea with distinction . By 1967 , he had reached the rank of Major General . As an opponent of the Greek military junta of 1967 - 1974 , he was retired from the army and sent for three years into internal exile by the military regime . After the junta ' s fall in 1974 , he became chairman of the state - run Hellenic Telecommunications Organization and PYRKAL weapons industry . In the 1980s , he was a well - known activist for nuclear disarmament and the withdrawal of US bases from Greece ; along with 7 other high - ranking generals from NATO countries ( includging Marshal Francisco da Costa Gomes and Brigadier Michael Harbottle ) he co - signed the " Generals for Peace and Disarmament " initiative in 1981 , and became a member of the Soviet - sponsored World Peace Council .
Gerald Graze Gerald Graze was the brother of Stanley Graze . Both were employed by the United States Department of State during World War II . In 1944 , Katherine Perlo , the ex - wife of Soviet spy Victor Perlo , named Gerald Graze as a member of the Communist Party USA ( CPUSA ) was employed in government . Gerald Graze was also listed in the Lee Report of Department of State security risks compiled in about 1947 by Robert Lee . The " Lee List " may have been Sen . Joseph McCarthy ’ s list in 1950 of Communists in the State Department . Both Gerald and Stanley Graze are identified in the 1948 " Gorsky Memo " of Compromised American sources and networks having a covert relationship with Soviet intelligence . Despite the vastly documented surveillance efforts of the FBI , Gerald Graze was never directly accused or tried for espionage by the U . S . Government .
HMS Bombay ( 1828 ) HMS " Bombay " was an 84 - gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 17 February 1828 at Bombay Dockyard . She was fitted with screw propulsion in 1861 . Her efficient ventilation system spread a fire of unknown origin during target practice near Flores Island in the River Plate on 14 December 1864 , destroying her and costing the lives of 86 of her crew of 616 .
Henry John Burden Henry John Burden DSO , DFC ( 28 April 1894 – 28 March 1960 ) was a Canadian First World War flying ace , officially credited with 16 victories . The son of Charles Eldridge and Maggie Burden , and grandson of department store founder Timothy Eaton , Henry Burden first saw action with the Canadian Forestry Company in France in mid 1916 . He transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in April 1917 for flight training . Qualifying as a pilot , he flew the S . E . 5a with No . 56 Squadron in France from February 1918 onwards . He claimed five Fokker D . VIIs shot down on 10 August 1918 , and two days later he claimed three more . He was awarded the DSO and DFC in November 1918 . His final wartime tally consisted of 13 ( and 1 shared ) destroyed , and 2 ' out of control ' . Burden became an architect after the war and died in March 1960 aged 64 . His sister Margaret married fellow Canadian ace Billy Bishop .
David Lindesay - Bethune , 15th Earl of Lindsay David Lindesay - Bethune , 15th Earl of Lindsay ( 9 February 1926 – 1989 ) , styled Viscount Garnock between 1943 and 1985 , was a British soldier . Lindsay was the son of William Tucker Lindesay - Bethune , 14th Earl of Lindsay and Marjory Cross , daughter of Arthur John Graham Cross . He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College , Cambridge . He served in the Scots Guards as a junior officer and left with the rank of Major in 1951 . He was appointed appointed Honorary Colonel in 29 May 1957 of the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry / Scottish Horse . He held this post until 1962 , when his tenure expired . He was however allowed to retain the honorary rank of Colonel . Family . Lord Lindsay married the Honourable Mary - Clare Douglas - Scott - Montagu , daughter of John Douglas - Scott - Montagu , 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu and Alice Pearl Crake , on 31 October 1953 . They had one son , James , and one daughter , Caroline , but were divorced in 1968 . He married as his second wife Penelope Crossley , daughter of Anthony Crossley and Clare Frances Fortescue Thomson , in 1969 . He died in 1989 and was succeeded by his only son , James .
3rd Mounted Division The 3rd Mounted Division was a British cavalry division composed of Yeomanry and Territorial Force units active during World War I . It was formed on 6 March 1915 as the 2 / 2nd Mounted Division a replacement / depot formation for the 2nd Mounted Division which was being sent abroad on active service . The 2 / 2nd comprised the second - line formations of all units in the 2nd Div , and took over the 2nd ' s Home Defence role of guarding the Norfolk coast against a possible invasion . The division was very undermanned and underequipped at first . Each second - line Territorial unit formed at their original depots were scattered across London and the Midlands , and then had to assemble on the east coast to form the division . At first , rather than growing in size , the division shrunk as men were drafted off to active units overseas . The division also suffered lack of equipment ; the artillery batteries were issued with the older 15 pounder Breech Loading Cannon rather than the 15 pounder Quick Firing gun that was the standard weapon of first line TF RHA units . There was also a lack of Lee Enfield rifles , and some soldiers had Japanese - made carbine s instead . By March 1916 the division was mostly up to strength , and at this point it was renamed the 3rd Mounted Division . In July 1916 its name changed again , to 1st Mounted Division ( the original 1st Mounted had just become the 1st Cyclist Division ) . By November 1916 the division ' s artillery had been removed for service overseas and in September 1917 the division was renamed again , this time as The Cyclist Division . It remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war and was disbanded by June 1919 . References . Becke , A . F . ( 1945 ) . " History of the Great War : Order of Battle of Divisions : Territorial Force & Mounted Divisions Pt . 2A " . London HMSO . pp19 – 26 .
. 333 Jeffery The . 333 Jeffery also known as the . 333 Jeffery Rimless Nitro Express or as the . 333 Rimless Nitro Express is a rimless bottlenecked cartridge . It was developed by the W . J . Jeffery & Co in 1908 as a counterpart to the . 333 Jeffery Flanged and was intended for use in magazine rifles . General information . The . 333 Jeffery was designed for hunting medium game in Africa and India where it gained a following . While the cartridge is not intended for dangerous game , the cartridge was successfully used against these game species due to the excellent sectional density of the bullet . The penetrative capability of this bullet was a reason for its use as a counter sniper rifle cartridge between 1914 and 1918 as it could penetrate the German sniper shields before reaching the snipers . The . 333 Jeffery was originally loaded with cordite . It is loaded to a slightly higher pressure and performance level than its rimmed counterpart . The . 333 OKH cartridge and the . 318 Westley Richards cartridges provide similar performance levels as the . 333 Jeffery . Kynoch offers the loaded ammunition for the cartridge . They offer a bullet at and a bullet at . Brass of new manufacture can be obtained from Bertram Brass of Australia and Kynoch .