naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Lufkin Air Force Station Lufkin Air Force Station ( ADC ID : TM - 193 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located northwest of Lufkin , Texas . It was closed in 1961 . History . Lufkin Air Force Station came into existence as part of Phase III of the Air Defense Command Mobile Radar program . On October 20 , 1953 ADC requested a third phase of twenty - five radar sites be constructed . The 815th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was moved to Lufkin AFS on 14 February 1957 . It began operating an AN / FPS - 3 A search radar and an AN / FPS - 6 height - finder radar , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . The Air Force inactivated Lufkin on 1 June 1961 due to budgetary constraints .
Anton Hafner Anton " Toni " Hafner ( born 2 June 1918 in Erbach an der Donau , killed in action 17 October 1944 on the Eastern front ) was a German former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade the Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . World War II . On 18 December 1942 Hafner was on a bomber intercept mission . While approaching the bomber formation they engaged the escorting P - 38 Lightning fighter escort . In the ensuing dog fight Hafner flamed the left engine of a P - 38 . The pilot , Norman L . Widen , bailed out and was taken prisoner of war and brought to Hafner ' s airfield . After Hafner landed , Widen presented Hafner his silver pilot insignia . Before Widen was taken to the POW camp , Hafner and Widen promised to meet again after the war . Hafner sent the gift to his brother , Alfons Hafner , with the request to return the gifts together with a medal and picture of Anton Hafner in case of Anton Hafner getting killed in action . In 1960 Alfons Hafner managed to contact Major Widen via the US Airforce to fulfil his brother ' s will . On 16 October 1944 , Hafner destroyed four fighters thus taking him past the double century mark . Hafner ' s 204th and last victory was a Soviet Yak - 7 fighter on 17 October 1944 . However , during the dogfight his plane hit a tree . His Bf 109 G - 6 ( " Werknummer " 442 013 — factory number ) " Black 1 " crashed killing Hafner , the highest scoring pilot of JG 51 " Mölders " . Anton Hafner was credited with 204 victories in 795 combat missions . He claimed 184 victories over the Eastern Front . Of his 20 victories claimed over the Western front , eight were P - 38 two engine fighters . Among his claims are 55 Il - 2 Sturmoviks .
George Edwin Lord George Edwin Lord ( February 17 , 1846 - June 25 , 1876 ) was a U . S . Army Assistant Surgeon in the 7th Cavalry who was killed in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in Montana Territory during the Black Hills War . Lord was born in Massachusetts and graduated from Bowdoin College . He attended medical school and moved west to serve in the U . S . Army at various forts and outposts . He entered into another contract with the U . S . Army in January 1875 and was made a first lieutenant in the 7th Cavalry , posted in Fort Abraham Lincoln in the Dakota Territory . During the Great Sioux War , he accompanied Lt . Col . George Armstrong Custer ' s column towards the Little Bighorn River , where he was killed in action . Dr . Lord ' s body was not positively identified by the first burial crews , and he was initially listed by General Alfred H . Terry and others as missing in action . Captain Otto E . Michaelis and Lieutenant Richard E . Thompson , however , later contacted Lord ' s brother with their belief that a body sighted on the field had been the doctor ' s , based on a blue shirt the corpse was wearing as well as " the shapely hands , the moustache , and general appearance . " Michaelis also thought the socks on the corpse were from the same set of three pairs Lord had earlier purchased from a trader at Powder River . Based on this new information , three months after the battle Terry recommended that Lord ' s status be changed to killed in action . However , there is no marker with Lord ' s name at the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument that specifically marks this reported death site . In 1890 , a marker for Lord was placed on the so - called South Skirmish Line , based on the discovery there of buttons that were thought to be part of a staff officer ' s uniform which doctors would wear . Lord ' s surgical kit eventually was recovered from the Indians and sent to the Army ' s medical museum .
George A . Alexander George Andrew Alexander ( 8 September 1884 – 1969 ) was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 35th Naval Governor of Guam . Prior to serving as governor , he commanded the USS " Medusa " . As Governor of Guam , he greatly changed the judicial system by purging the island of leftover Spainish laws and replacing them with the Code of Guam . He also led an unsuccessful campaign to obtain United States citizenship for all residents of Guam . After his term as governor , he commanded the USS " Arizona " before retiring . Life and naval career . Alexander grew up and lived most of his life in Ohio . He entered the United States Naval Academy from Ohio in 1902 . He subsequently attended Naval War College . In 1929 , he took command of the Naval Oceanographic Office in Seattle , Washington . Alexander left his command of USS " Medusa " to serve as Governor of Guam . Following his post as governor , he commanded the USS " Arizona " from June 8 , 1936 until December 11 , 1937 . Though the government of Guam recommended him for promotion to Rear Admiral , he retired from the Navy as a Captain . Governorship . Alexander served as the governor from June 21 , 1933 to March 27 , 1936 . He supported the local effort to obtain United States citizenship for all residents of Guam , sending a petition requesting the right and signed by 2 , 000 Guamanians to the President of the United States . He revolutionized the Guam legal system , replacing old Spainish - style laws with the Code of Guam , a set of laws based on the California Codes . Though the Guam Museum opened in 1933 , Alexander officially made it a government institution by executive order .
Grain Fort Grain Fort was built in the 1860s on the eastern end of the Hoo peninsula to control the entrance to the Medway , Kent , England . All surface structures were demolished in the 1960s , so all that remains are underground passages . Nearby is the 1855 Grain Tower Battery , an extensively remodelled East Coast type Martello Tower . Garrison Point Fort lies the other side of the Medway .
Theodore Rshtuni Theodore Rshtuni ( , also spelled Theodoros Ṛštuni ; 590 - 654 / 655 AD ) , equated with the " patrikios " Pasagnathes ( Πασαγνάθης ) of Theophanes the Confessor , was an Armenian " nakharar " , famous for resisting the first Arab invasions of Armenia . Rshtuni was appointed as " ishkhan " and " kouropalates " of Byzantine Armenia by Emperor Heraclius when the previous " ishkan " David Saharuni was overthrown by other " nakharars . " Arab invasions . Prior to the Arab invasions , Rshtuni had been appointed the " sparapet " ( commander - in - chief ) of the Armenian forces in the Armenian Marzapante and was appointed as the " marzban " of Armenia in 634 . He defended , alongside the Byzantine General Procopius , against the first , unsuccessful , Arab attack into Armenia in 640 . He was unable to prevent the Arabs from pillaging the capital of Dvin in 642 . He gained a victory over the Arabs , for which he was recognized as ruler of Armenia by Constans II in 643 . Constans paid special attention to his family ' s imperiled homeland of Armenia , and he favored Byzantine generals of Armenian extraction to halt Arab advances . Meanwhile , the strength of Arab assaults continued to increase . Theodore eventually concluded a truce with then governor of Syria , Muawiyah I in 651 , and Arabs concentrated their efforts against the remaining pockets of resistance in the Sassanid Empire . Finally , by 652 Rshtuni , despairing of further resistance , accepted Muawiyah ' s suzerainty and was appointed ruler of Armenia . Rshtuni was able to negotiate a treaty that left Armenia with a relatively high level of autonomy . In response , Constans personally marshaled his forces and led them to Armenia despite a growing plot against him in Constantinople , ironically by the Armenian commander of the Army of Thrace . Constans secured Armenia and deposed Theodoros , who took refuge on the island of Akhtamar . A Byzantine commander named Maurianus was given the task to defend the Armenian frontier . In 654 Maurianus was driven out of Armenia into the Caucasus and Theodoros was restored . Deciding that Theodoros was untrustworthy , the Arabs sent him to Damascus , where he died in captivity the following year . He was replaced as prince by his son - in - law , Hamazasp Mamikonian . His body was brought to his home district of Rshtunik ' , where he was buried in the tomb of his forefathers . Legacy . According to Manuk Abeghian and a number of other scholars , the popularity of Rshtuni in Armenia manifested itself in the character of K ' eṛi T ' oros in the epic poem of " David of Sasun " . The Armenian writer Tserents also wrote a historical novel called " Theodoros Rshtuni " .
900th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron The 900th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron ( 900 EARS ) is a provisional United States Air Force unit . It was last known to be assigned to the 398th Air Expeditionary Group , stationed at Incirlik Air Base , Turkey . The 900 EARS may be activated or inactivated at any time . History . Established under Strategic Air Command on 9 Apr 1962 as the 900th Air Refueling Squadron at Sheppard AFB , Texas , equipped with KC - 135 Stratotanker s . The squadron provided air refueling primarily to the B - 52 Stratofortress - equipped 4245th Strategic Wing and other USAF units as directed . Reassigned to the 494th Bombardment Wing at Sheppard on 1 Feb 1963 when the 494th replaced the 4245th SW . Reassigned by SAC to the 509th Bombardment Wing at Pease AFB , New Hampshire on 2 April 1966 upon inactivation of the 494th BMW . Inactivated on 25 June 1966 , most personnel and equipment being assigned to the 509th ARS . Converted to a provisional squadron sometime in the 1990s ; assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe as a KC - 135 refueling organization . Attached to the deployed Kansas Air National Guard 190th Air Refueling Wing at Incirlik AB , Turkey in 2001 , supporting aircraft operations during Operation Northern Watch . Reactivated approximately 2003 and attached to the 398th Air Expeditionary Group , again at Incirlik AB , supporting operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom . Inactivated approximately 2008 .
Langemak Bay Langemak Bay ( Langemark , Langemaak ) is a bay north of Finschhafen , on the north east coast of Papua New Guinea . Langemak Bay saw extensive naval operations in World War II , including a landing beach at the western end of the bay for the embarkation of the 2 / 24th Australian Infantry Battalion .
American Civil War Corps Badges Corps badge s in the American Civil War were originally worn by soldiers of the Union Army on the top of their army forage cap ( kepi ) , left side of the hat , or over their left breast . The idea is attributed to Maj . Gen . Philip Kearny , who ordered the men in his division to sew a two - inch square of red cloth on their hats to avoid confusion on the battlefield . This idea was adopted by Maj . Gen . Joseph Hooker after he assumed command of the Army of the Potomac , so any soldier could be identified at a distance . Maj . Gen . Daniel Butterfield , Hooker ' s chief of staff , was assigned the task of designing a distinctive shape for each corps badge . Butterfield also designated that each division in the corps should have a variation of the corps badge in a different color . Division badges were colored as follows : These were used in the United States ' Army of the Potomac . For the most part , these rules were adopted by other Union Armies , however it was not universal . For example , the XIII Corps never adopted a badge , and the XIX Corps had the first division wear a red badge , the second division wear a blue badge , and the third division wear white . For Army corps that had more than three divisions , the standardization was lost : The badges for enlisted men were cut from colored cloth , while officer ' s badges were privately made and of a higher quality . Metallic badges were often made by jewelers and were personalized for the user . The badges eventually became part of the Army regulations and a great source of regimental pride . XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV Cavalry Corps Corps Flags . XIII Corps , Army of the Tennessee . No badge was designated for the XIII Corps . Brigade Badges . I Corps , Army of the Potomac
Protestation of 1641 The Protestation was an attempt to avert the English Civil War . In July 1641 , Parliament passed a bill authored on May 3 requiring those over the age of 18 to sign the Protestation , an oath of allegiance to King Charles I and the Church of England . No one could hold a Church or state office without signing . The speaker of the House of Commons sent a letter to sheriffs of each county . They and the Justices of the Peace had to take the Protestation . From there , each parish incumbent was to read the Protestation in church to his parishioners and have each one sign . This took place during February and March 1642 , after which the returns were sent to Parliament . Those among the population who could not write marked a cross against their names . Those who did not wish to have their names used in support were also listed in the Protestation .
TKS The TK ( TK - 3 ) and TKS were Polish tankette s during the Second World War . Design and development . The TK ( also known as the TK - 3 ) tankette was a Polish design produced from 1931 that was based upon an improved chassis of the British Carden Loyd tankette . The TKS was an improved model with a new hull and a more powerful engine . The armour of the TK was up to 8 mm thick ( 10 mm on the TKS ) . In 1939 , re - arming of the tankettes with 38FK 20 mm machine guns began , but only about 24 were completed before the outbreak of World War II . On 6 November 1934 Estonia purchased 6 vehicles from Poland , with the contract deal worth over 180 , 000 krones . The deal also included one additional tracked - lorry , and a motorcycle was given free as a bonus . Combat history . The 575 TK / TKS tankettes formed the bulk of the Polish armoured forces before the outbreak of war . They suffered heavy losses during the Invasion of Poland , often being the only armoured fighting vehicles available . Due to their light armament of a single machine gun , they stood no chance in combat against German tanks , except the Panzer I , but their small size suited them for reconnaissance and infantry support . Only the handful of tankettes armed with 20 mm guns had a fighting chance against the enemy tanks ; in one instance on 18 September 1939 a 20 mm gunned TKS with Nkm wz . 38 FK commanded by Podchorazy or Officer Candidate in the rank of SFC Roman Orlik destroyed three German Panzerkampfwagen 35 ( t ) tanks . After conquest of Poland , the tankettes were taken over and used by the Germans . In this role they saw various uses , mostly for training , security duties or artillery tractors . Many captured tankettes were used by the Luftwaffe for airfield security duties and as snowplows Variants . Experimental models : Surviving TK - series tankettes . There are only two fully operational TKS tankettes and one TK - 3 surviving . All of them reconstructed from wrecks in the first decade of 21st century , using non - original parts . The other survivors are not in working order .
W + F C42 The C42 was a prototype assault rifle manufactured by W + F Bern of Switzerland as an entry in a competition for a new Swiss Army service rifle ( " Truppenversuch " ) . It was chambered in 5 . 56x45mm NATO and 6 . 8mm SPC in and designed in conventional as well as bullpup layouts . As the competition was won by what became the SIG SG 550 , the C42 did not see mass production . Photo by goscht ; Photo of family , including different layouts
St . Andrew ' s Hall St . Andrew ' s Hall was a public building in Charleston , South Carolina , on Broad Street . The hall served as headquarters for the St . Andrew ' s Society of Charleston , South Carolina . It was also an important part of the social life of upper - class Charlestonians . It was used for balls , banquets , concerts , and meetings of organizations like the South Carolina Jockey Club and the St . Cecilia Society . The hall could also be used for lodging , and both President James Monroe and General Marquis de Lafayette stayed there . On December 19 , 1860 , delegates from South Carolina met at St . Andrew ' s Hall to discuss possible secession from the United States . The following day , they met in Institute Hall on Meeting Street , which became known as Secession Hall and voted 169 to 0 to secede . South Carolina delegates later ratified the Confederate Constitution there on April 3 , 1861 . South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union . The St . Andrew ' s Hall as well as Secession Hall were both destroyed during a Charleston fire on December 11 , 1861
Timur Apakidze Timur Avtandilovich Apakidze ( ) ( March 4 , 1954 - July 17 , 2001 ) , Russian major general , deputy commander of naval aviation and Hero of the Russian Federation . Biography . Timur Apakidze was born in Tbilisi , Georgian SSR into an ethnically Georgian family of the descendants of Georgian princes Apakidze , but at a very young age moved to Leningrad ( Saint Petersburg ) with his family . In 1971 he finished at Leningrad ' s Nakhimov Naval Academy before finishing flight training in 1975 at Yeyskoye Military Flight Academy Between 1975 and 1983 Apakidze served in the Soviet Naval Aviation element of the Soviet Baltic Fleet gaining reputation as one of its best test pilots . After 1983 Apakidze headed a battle group centred around the aircraft carrier " Admiral Kuznetsov " and flew Sukhoi Su - 33 aircraft on numerous missions with the Black Sea Fleet . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union his naval aviation unit based in Crimea refused to join the newly created Ukrainian Air Force and in addition Apakidze also refused an offer to head the Air force of his native Georgia . Instead he and his men remained loyal to Russia and were re - deployed to Severomorsk together with the aircraft carrier Kuznetsov . Serving with Northern Fleet Apakidze was in charge of Russian Naval Aviation ' s only Fleet Defense Interceptor squadron in the 1990s . On August 17 , 1995 for his outstanding contributions to the Russian naval aviation , and for courage and heroism in the testing and mastery of new technology Timur Apakidze was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation . In 2000 , after study at the General Staff Academy , Apakidze was appointed deputy commander of naval aviation and promoted to the rank of major general . On July 17 , 2001 , Apakidze died near the town of Ostrov in Pskov Oblast when his Sukhoi Su - 33 crashed during an air show . In the last moments of his life he managed to steer his aircraft away from a populated area .
Battle of Kōshū - Katsunuma The was a battle between pro - Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan . The battle followed the Battle of Toba - Fushimi on 29 March 1868 ( Gregorian calendar ) . Prelude . After defeating the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate at the Battle of Toba - Fushimi , the Imperial forces ( consisting of the feudal armies of Chōshū , Satsuma and Tosa domains ) split into three columns , which progressed northeast towards the Tokugawa capital of Edo up each of the three main highways : Tōkaidō ( road ) , Nakasendō and Hokurikudō . Meanwhile , Kondō Isami , leader of the " Shinsengumi " , withdrew to Edo after the Battle of Toba - Fushimi . Once back in Edo , he met with Shogunal military commander Katsu Kaishū . Kondō created a new unit based on the surviving remnants of the " Shinsengumi " , called the " Kōyō - chimbutai " ( 甲陽鎮撫隊 ) , and they departed Edo on 1 March . The battle . The Imperial army reached the Tokugawa stronghold of Kofu , Yamanashi first , and occupied it with a struggle . The Imperial army then met the Shogunal forces in battle at Katsunuma ( now a part of Kōshū , Yamanashi ) on 29 March . Outnumbered 10 : 1 , the Shogunal forces were defeated with 179 casualties . The survivors , including Kondō , attempted to flee to Aizu via Sagami Province , which was still controlled by Tokugawa " hatamoto " loyalists . Consequences . Kondō Isami narrowly escaped from this battle , but was captured soon after at Nagareyama , Chiba . He was beheaded by the new government at Itabashi a short time later . The Battle of Kōshū - Katsunuma was the last significant military action in central Honshū during the Boshin War , and the death of Kondō Isami further demoralized Tokugawa supporters , contributing to the surrender of Edo Castle without bloodshed the following year .
Naha Port Facility The Naha Port Facility , formerly the Naha Military Port , is a United States Forces Japan facility located in Naha , Okinawa , Japan , at the mouth of , which flows into the East China Sea . The Naha Military Port was constructed by the U . S . troops after their landing on Okinawa Island in 1945 . It served as a logistic base during the Vietnam War . After the reversion of Okinawa from the United States to Japan in 1972 , return of the land to the government of Japan was agreed at the 15th U . S . - Japan Security Consultative Committee held in 1974 . A part of the land has been returned and the remaining land will be returned after the completion of planned move of the facility to Urasoe , Okinawa .
George Francis Grady George Francis Grady was a soldier in the United States Marine Corps who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II . Early life . George Francis Grady was born on April 28 , 1920 in New York City . He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on October 11 , 1938 . World War II . Assigned to the 1st Marine Division , Corporal Grady was killed in action on Gavutu , Solomon Islands , August 7 , 1942 . Grady charged an entrenched group of eight Japanese soldiers . Firing his submachine gun he killed two before his gun jammed . Using the inoperable gun as a club he bludgeoned one enemy soldier to death . He then withdrew his knife from his sheath and killed two more enemy soldiers before himself being killed by the other three . For his courage and self - sacrifice , Grady was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Namesake . " Grady " ( DE - 445 ) was launched by Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co . , Newark , New Jersey , on April 2 , 1944 . She was sponsored by Miss Margaret Grady , sister of George Grady , and commissioned September 11 , 1944 , with Lieutenant Commander Francis R . King in command .