naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Castello dell ' Imperatore A castle with crenellated walls and towers . Built for the medieval emperor and King of Sicily Frederick II , Holy Roman Emperor , it was built in Prato , Italy on top of a previous fortification of which two towers remain . When Frederick II died building was stopped and the interior was never finished . The castle is open to the public and although some destruction took place during the fascist regime , reconstruction work has begun and is ongoing . It is possible to climb the stairs up to the top of the castle walls and walkways for a bird ' s eye view over the surrounding city of Prato . It was built between 1237 and 1247 by Riccardo da Lentini .
Aleksandr Baryatinsky Aleksandr Ivanovich Baryatinsky ( ) ( 1814 – 1879 ) , Russia n General and Field Marshal ( since 1859 ) , Prince , governor of the Caucasus . Life . Baryatinsky entered the school of the ensign s of the Guard in his seventeenth year and , on November 8 , 1833 , received his commission of cornet in the Life Guards of the future Tsar Alexander II . In 1835 , he served with great gallantry in the Caucasus , and on his return to St . Petersburg was rewarded with a golden sword for valour . On January 1 , 1836 , he was attached to the suite of Alexander , and in 1845 was again ordered off to the Caucasus and again most brilliantly distinguished himself , especially in the attack on Shamil ' s stronghold , for which he received the Order of St . George . In 1846 , he assisted Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich to suppress the Krakow Uprising . From 1848 to 1856 he took a leading part in all the chief military events in the Caucasus , his most notable exploits being his victory at Mezeninsk in 1850 and his operations against Shamil in Chechnya . His energetic and at the same time systematic tactics inaugurated a new era of mountain warfare . On January 6 , 1853 , he was appointed adjutant general and , on July 5 of the same year , chief of staff . In 1854 , he took part in the brilliant Kurbsk Dere campaign . On January 1 , 1856 , he became commander - in - chief of the Caucasian army , and , subsequently , governor of the Caucasus . As an administrator , he showed himself fully worthy of his high reputation . Within three years of his appointment , the whole of the eastern Caucasus was subdued and the long elusive Shamil was taken captive . Baryatinsky also conquered many of the tribes of the western Caucasus dwelling between the rivers of Laba and Belaya . By the early 1860s , his health had seriously deteriorated , and on December 6 , 1862 , he was relieved of his post at his own request . He spent the last days of his life abroad and died in Geneva , after forty - eight years of active service . Endnotes :
Robert Leamy Meade Robert Leamy Meade ( December 25 , 1842 – February 11 , 1910 ) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps during the American Civil War , Spanish – American War and Boxer Rebellion . Biography . Meade was born in Washington , D . C . , the son of Richard Worsam Meade II , an officer in the United States Navy . He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 14 June 1862 , and commanded a battalion of marines during the suppression of the New York City draft riots in July 1863 . He took part in the daring boat attack against Fort Sumter on 8 September 1863 , and was later brevetted for gallant and meritorious service . During the Spanish - American War he served as fleet marine officer in New York and participated in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba . Victor Maria Concas y Palau , captain of the cruiser at the battle of Santiago , described the poor attitude of Meade to the Spanish prisoners at Portsmouth . He claimed that Meade ' s attitude was responsible of the death of several sailors , as he did not allow them to have the adequate medical help , and that he also had a lack of respect for Spanish officers . Promoted to colonel on 3 March 1899 , Meade served in China during the Boxer Rebellion and participated in the Battle of Tientsin . For distinguished conduct and public service , he was appointed brigadier general , by brevet , on July 13 , 1900 . He retired on June 29 , 1906 and died at Lexington , Massachusetts , on February 11 , 1910 . Namesake . Two ships have been named for him and his brother , Richard Worsam Meade . The sons of Richard Worsam Meade II , they were nephews of General George Gordon Meade .
HMNZS Maori ( P3570 ) HMNZS " Maori " ( P3570 ) was a Fairmile B Motor Launch of the Royal New Zealand Navy Originally commissioned on 20 December 1943 with pennant number " Q 409 " , she was part of the 80th Motor Launch Flotilla . Early in 1944 she went to the Solomon Islands where she served under the operational control of COMSOPAC . After the end of the war she was sold . In 1953 she was repurchased and recommissioned as HMNZS " Maori " ( P3570 ) . In 1963 she was sold again and became the Auckland - Waiheke ferry " Iris Moana " .
Alois Weber ( general ) Alois Weber ( 26 July 1903 – 19 June 1976 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Nie Haisheng Nie Haisheng ( ; born October 13 , 1964 ) is a Chinese military pilot and CNSA astronaut ( " yuhangyuan " ) . Military career . Nie was born in Yangdang town of Zaoyang , Hubei Province . After graduating from high school he joined the People ' s Liberation Army Air Force and became a fighter pilot . During his training at the PLAAF ' s No . 7 Flying School he was : Nie graduated in 1987 and continued his career in the PLAAF . On 12 June 1989 while flying at 13 , 000 feet ( 4000 m ) his plane suffered an explosion and he lost his engine . The plane began to spin to the ground and the cabin began to heat up . Trying to regain control he waited until the plane was 1300 to 1700 feet ( 400 to 500 meters ) before choosing to eject . For his handling of the situation he was honored with third - class merit . Prior to Shenzhou 10 , Nie had attained the rank of Major General . CNSA career . In 1998 , he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight program and was one of three candidates who were part of the final group to train for the " Shenzhou 5 " flight , China ' s first manned spaceflight . Yáng Lìwěi was picked for the flight , with Zhai Zhigang ranked second ahead of Niè Hǎishèng . Nie went into orbit , along with Fèi Jùnlóng ( commander ) , as flight engineer of the " Shenzhou 6 " flight on October 12 , 2005 . The mission lasted just under five days . He was selected to be the commander of the backup crew for the Shenzhou 9 mission . In 2013 , Nie was selected to command the Shenzhou 10 second manned space mission to the first Chinese space station Tiangong 1 . He became the first officer hold general rank at the time of their launch in the Chinese program with the Shenzhou 10 mission . Personal . He is married to Niè Jiélín ( Simplified Chinese : 聂捷琳 ) and has a daughter born in 1994 . During the " Shenzhou 6 " mission he celebrated his 41st birthday in space . The asteroid 9517 Niehaisheng was named after him .
RAF Blackbushe RAF Blackbushe is a former Royal Air Force station in Hampshire , England , during the Second World War . It is now known as Blackbushe Airport . History . The station was opened on 1 November 1942 as RAF Hartford Bridge and it was used throughout the remainder of Second World War for reconnaissance , defence and strike operations using Supermarine Spitfire s and de Havilland Mosquito es . It was also the home of the Free French Squadron ( Lorraine ) . During the construction of the airfield , the already built runways were used for glider testing , including the massive General Aircraft Hamilcar . A number of important people used the airfield including King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , Supreme Allied Commander U . S . General Dwight D Eisenhower and British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery . Due to its geographical proximity to RAE Farnborough Royal Aircraft Establishment the airfield was used to develop the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation ( FIDO ) system to enable aircraft operations in heavy fog . The station was renamed to RAF Blackbushe on the 18 November 1944 and it became an airfield for the Douglas Dakota s of RAF Transport Command during the 1948 airlift during the Berlin Blockade . The RAF Station was closed on 15 November 1946 and in February 1947 the airfield became Blackbushe Airport under the control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation . During the 1950s the airfield saw increased used as a base for US Navy transport aircraft . Blackbushe was also considered during war in consultations to determine the creation of London ' s post - war principal civil airport . It was only narrowly beaten by Heathrow ; the winner which announced in 1944 .
Sæbø sword The Sæbø sword ( also known as the Thurmuth sword ) is an early 9th - century Viking sword , found in a barrow at Sæbø , Vik , Sogn , Norway in 1825 . It is now held at the Bergen Museum in Bergen , Norway . The sword has an enigmatic inscription on its blade , which has been identified as a runic inscription incorporating a swastika symbol . If so , this sword is a very rare example of a weapon with a runic inscription on its blade . Description . The sword itself is categorized as ' Type C ' by Pedersen ( 1919 ) , who notes that it is unique in showing remnants of a metal thread at the broadsides of the upper hilt , compared to other specimens of the type which show horizontal ridges or protruding edges , or less commonly inlaid forged stripes or protruding moldings that seem to be imitations of twisted or smooth thread . It is described as an imitation of a foreign [ continental ] sword inscription because of the lack of parallels in native tradition . There is an inscription realised in iron inlay along the center of the blade , close to the hilt . Inscription . The sword was described in 1867 by George Stephens , an English archaeologist and philologist who specialised in the runic inscriptions of Scandinavia , in his book " Handbook of the Old - Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England " . In this work he showed a drawing of the sword with a very clear inscription comprising five runes or rune - like letters with a swastika symbol in the middle . According to Stephens the inscription reads " oh卍muþ " from right to left . He interpreted the swastika as being used in rebus - writing to represent the syllable " þur " for the god Thor , and thus expanded the reading to " oh Þurmuþ " meaning " Owns [ me ] , Thurmuth " . This reading was inspired by the idea that the swastika was used as a symbol of Thor ( more precisely , of Thor ' s hammer ) in Viking Age Norse paganism . It was the subject of scholarly discussion at the International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archæology at Budapest in 1876 , where the prevalent opinion was that the swastika stood for " blessing " or " good luck " . In 1889 , in a review of a book by A . L . Lorange , Stephens noted that the sword had been treated with acid whilst at the Danish Museum , with the result that the sword and its inscription were severely damaged , and consequently the inscription shown in a colour plate in Lorange ' s book was undecipherable .
Yugo - class submarine The Yugo class submarine is a class of four midget submarine s used primarily for infiltration and espionage by North Korea . The class is so named because it was built to plans supplied to North Korea by Yugoslavia in 1965 . This class is a family of midget submarines which are not all identical . The displacement is either the standard 90 tons of the original Yugoslavian design for the early units , or 110 tons for the later units , while armament is either a pair of 400 mm torpedo tubes ( early units ) or a pair of 21 in short torpedo tubes ( later units ) ; however , all units have the same range : at on the surface and at submerged . Their final example was built in the 1980s , after which they were superseded by the Sang - O class submersible s . In 1998 one out of the 6 submarines was captured by the South Koreans . In July 2007 , 4 were given to Iran to repay some of North Korea ' s debts to Iran , the last one was retired but kept by the North Koreans .
War hawk A war hawk , or simply hawk for short , is a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war , or whether to continue or escalate an existing war . War hawks are the opposite of war dove s . The terms are derived through analogy with the birds of the same name : hawk s are predators which attack and feed on other animals , whereas doves mostly eat seeds and fruit , and are historically a symbol of peace . Historical group . The term originated with a historical group known as the War Hawks , consisting of Democratic - Republicans and were primarily from southern and western states . ( The American West then consisted of Kentucky , Tennessee , and Ohio , as well as territories in the Old Northwest that did not yet have votes in Congress . ) Largely from the older block of the Congress and encompassing most Republicans , the War Hawks advocated going to war against Britain for reasons related to the interference of the Royal Navy in American shipping , which the War Hawks believed hurt the American economy and injured American prestige - though that did not directly affect the land - locked states . Of more direct concern to them , War Hawks from the western states also believed that the British were instigating American Indians on the frontier to attack American settlements , and so the War Hawks called for an invasion of British Canada to punish the British and end this threat . The term " War Hawk " was coined by the prominent Virginia Congressman John Randolph of Roanoke , a staunch opponent of entry into the war . There was , therefore , never any " official " roster of War Hawks ; as historian Donald Hickey notes , " Scholars differ over who ( if anyone ) ought to be classified as a War Hawk . " Indeed , one scholar believes the term " no longer seems appropriate . " However , most historians use the term to describe about a dozen members of the Twelfth Congress . The leader of this group was Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky . John C . Calhoun of South Carolina was another notable War Hawk . Both of these men became major players in American politics for decades . Other men traditionally identified as War Hawks included Richard Mentor Johnson of Kentucky , William Lowndes of South Carolina , Langdon Cheves of South Carolina , Felix Grundy of Tennessee , and William W . Bibb of Georgia . The older members of the Party , led by United States President James Madison and Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin tried unsuccessfully to defeat the War Hawks movement . They felt the United States was not prepared for war . Variations of the term . The term " hawk " has been appropriated in modern U . S . usage to refer to any fierce advocate for a cause or policy , such as " deficit hawk " , " privacy hawk " , etc . The term also gave rise to the term " chicken hawk " , referring to a war hawk who avoided military service .
13th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 13th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Minot Air Defense Sector , stationed at Glasgow Air Force Base , Montana . It was inactivated on 30 June 1968 . History . World War II . Activated in early 1941 as the 13th Pursuit Squadron ( Interceptor ) and assigned to the Southeast Air District , was equipped with a series of pursuit aircraft with a mission of air defense of Florida . After the Pearl Harbor Attack , The squadron was one of several hastily deployed to the Panama Canal Zone for the defense of the canal with the United States entry into World War II . Deployed on 2 January 1942 , stationed initially at Howard Field operating Bell P - 39D Aircobra s . By 16 February , the Squadron had 12 P - 39D ' s ( of which nine were airworthy ) and not fewer than 26 pilots , but of these , only four had more than 12 months experience . Official records of its relatively brief tour in Panama are apparently all but nonexistent , although it is known that the unit was redesignated as the 13th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942 in keeping with the USAAF scheme at the time . Following the perceived end of the emergency need for the unit , it returned to the United States in early 1943 where it became a P - 47 Thunderbolt , later P - 51 Mustang replacement training unit ( RTU ) for III Fighter Command . Inactivated on 1 May 1944 as part of a reorganization of training units . Air Defense Command . Reactivated in 1953 as part of Air Defense Command as an air defense squadron , equipped with F - 86D Sabre Interceptor s and initially being assigned to Selfridge AFB , Michigan with a mission for the air defense of Detroit and Great Lakes region . Moved to Iowa in 1955 for air defense of the Great Plains , and in 1957 began re - equipping with the North American F - 86L Sabre , an improved version of the F - 86D which incorporated the Semi Automatic Ground Environment , or SAGE computer - controlled direction system for intercepts . The service of the F - 86L destined to be quite brief , since by the time the last F - 86L conversion was delivered , the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors . Was reassigned to Glasgow AFB , Montana in July 1959 and was upgraded to the new McDonnell F - 101B Voodoo and assigned alongside the F - 101B interceptor was the F - 101F operational and conversion trainer . The two - seat trainer version was equipped with dual controls , but carried the same armament as the F - 101B and were fully combat - capable interceptors . Inactivated in June 1968 as part of the drawdown of ADC interceptor bases , the aircraft being passed along to the Air National Guard .
Ceremonial weapon A ceremonial weapon is an object used for purposes to display power or authority . They are often used in parades and as part of dress uniform s . Although they are descended from weapon s used in actual combat , they are not normally used as such . Their form and , especially , their finishing and decoration are typically designed to show status and power and to be an impressive sight , rather than for practicality as a weapon . Quite often , ceremonial weapons are constructed with precious metals or other materials that make them too delicate for combat use . With ceremonial swords , an example of this is that the sword may be poorly balanced . Historically , however , many ceremonial weapons were also capable of actual combat , most notably in the military . Mace s , halberd s , dagger s and sword s are the most common form of ceremonial weapons , but in theory almost any weapon can become ceremonial . Mid 20th century rifles such as the American M14 and the Russia n SKS , fitted with polished wood stocks , chrome plating and other decorative finishes , are common ceremonial weapons for honor guard units . Another example is the use of a firearm to signal the start of a race . Guns are also used in celebratory gunfire .
HMS Active ( F171 ) HMS " Active " was a of the Royal Navy . Built by Vosper Thornycroft , Southampton , England , she was completed with Exocet launchers in ' B ' position , the first of the class to be so fitted . Royal Navy service . " Active " participated in the Falklands War , including firing on Argentine positions during the Battle of Mount Tumbledown . By the mid - 1980s , in common with the other surviving Type 21s , " Active " suffered from hull cracking . When the ship was next refitted steel plating was welded along each side of the ship to repair and reinforce the weak points . At the same time modifications were made to reduce hull noise . Between 1978 and 1979 her captain was Commander M . C . Gordon - Lennox . Pakistan Navy service . " Active " decommissioned and was sold to Pakistan on 23 September 1994 , being renamed " Shah Jahan " . Exocet was not transferred to Pakistan and " Shah Jahan " had her obsolete Sea Cat launcher removed . A Chinese LY 60N missile launcher was fitted in place of the Exocet launchers . Signaal DA08 air search radar replaced the Type 992 and SRBOC chaff launchers and 20 mm and 30 mm guns were fitted . Her flag was recently sold on the BBC programme " Bargain Hunt " . " Shah Jahan " remains in service with the Pakistan Navy . Between 11 – 21 May 2008 , " Shah Jahan " participated in Exercise Inspired Union , an multi - national exercises in the North Arabian Sea . Other Pakistani warships included the frigate " Badr " and the replenishment tanker " Nasr " , as well as the Pakistan Air Force explosive ordnance disposal team , and the American destroyers and .
James K . Woolnough James Karrick Woolnough ( October 24 , 1910 – May 30 , 1996 ) was a United States Army four - star general who served as Commanding General of the United States Continental Army Command at Fort Monroe , Virginia . In this capacity he was responsible for the command and control of all active and reserve forces in the Six Armies of the Continental United States from 1967 to 1970 . Military career . Born in Mindanao , Philippine Islands of Colonel and Mrs . James B . Woolnough , Woolnough attended the United States Military Academy at West Point , graduating in 1932 . Further training included the U . S . Army Infantry School at Fort Benning and the National War College at Fort McNair , Washington , D . C . Additionally he was both a math instructor and a Regimental Commander at West Point . During his 38 years of active duty , Woolnough held a variety of staff and command positions worldwide . Shortly after the D - Day Normandy Beach landing , June 1944 , he became executive officer of the 16th Infantry , 1st Infantry Division . In February 1945 , during the Battle of the Bulge , he assumed command of the 393rd Infantry Regiment , 99th Infantry Division , which later provided the vanguard forces to prevent the German destruction of the Remagen Bridge , thus making it possible for the U . S . forces to cross the Rhine . In September 1950 he was sent to Korea , given a map , and instructed to head north to find the 1st Cavalry Division , which he did and for a time commanded the 7th Cavalry Regiment , the Garry Owen . Eleven years later , as a Major General , he returned to Korea as the 1st Cavalry Division Commanding Officer . In the Pacific theater on Joint Task Force Seven he was Deputy Plans and Operations Officer for the first atomic tests at Eniwetok . Years later as a Lieutenant General in 1963 , he was Deputy Commander - in - Chief , U . S . Army Pacific at Fort Shafter , Hawaii . Among his many assignments during his eighteen years in the Pentagon he served as Chief of Staff of the NATO Standing Group , Director of Operations as well as Director of Plans for the U . S . Army General Staff , and Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel , Department of the Army . Upon retirement on October 31 , 1970 , Woolnough returned to his family home in Arlington , Virginia . Woolnough died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center , and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery next to his wife , Mary Agnes Woolnough , who died in 1980 . He was survived by his second wife , Mary Dabinet Woolnough .