naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy The Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy ( ) , better known as the " Pinsk Flotilla " , was the inland branch of the Polish Navy operating on the Vistula river and in the area of the Pinsk Marshes ( Dnieper – Bug Canal ) between the Polish - Bolshevik War and World War II . Under Commodore Witold Zajączkowski , it was active in the invasion of Poland and fought against both German and Soviet forces . History . During the Polish - Bolshevik War the Pinsk Marshes in modern Belarus proved to be almost impassable to troops of both sides . Lack of roads and railways posed a serious danger to infantry and cavalry that could easily be cut off both by the enemy and the weather . Because of that , a number of river monitor s were either constructed or acquired from private owners and armed . They were used on the Pripiat River , as well as its extensive river basin . After the war , some of the ships were returned to their owners , the rest remained on active service and were pressed into the so - called Pinsk Flotilla . In peace - time the Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy , as it was officially called , operated on the Pina River ( Dnieper – Bug Canal ) , as well as on the Pripyat and the Strumień . It served as a mobile reserve of the Border Defense Corps and was to support the front in case of a war with the Soviet Union . Prior to the invasion of Poland , a number of ships of the Riverine Flotilla were moved to the Vistula as a detachment and became ( Oddział Wydzielony Rzeki Wisły ) , better known as the Vistula Flotilla . In the Polish operational plans , the Pinsk flotilla was to form a mobile strategic reserve of the Polish Army in the area and was to constitute the core of the forces defending the area of the Pinsk Marshes . The Polish commander - in - chief and Marshal of Poland , Edward Rydz - Śmigły , forecast that the area would be used for a last stand by the Polish Army , where it would await the relief on the western front from Poland ' s allies . However , the Soviet invasion of September 17 , 1939 , made the plans obsolete . During actions against the Soviets and the Germans , most of the ships were scuttled by their crews to avoid capture . In 1939 - 40 most of them were refloated , repaired , rearmed and included in the Soviet Pinsk Naval Flotilla ( 1940 ) . They took an active part in battles of the Second World War but were mostly destroyed in 1941 .
Battle of Reims ( 1814 ) The Battle of Reims was fought at Reims ( France ) on 13 March 1814 between the French Empire and a Russian - Prussia n force . The French , led by Napoleon Bonaparte , were victorious . Background . The engagement took place during the 1814 campaign . After Napoleon had retreated from Russia and lost the Battle of Leipzig , the allied armies had invaded France . Napoleon won a number of victories ( such as the battle of Reims ) , but had little chance of success , with just 70 , 000 men against half a million allied forces . The campaign ended with the allies taking Paris on 31 March and Napoleon ' s abdication on 6 April . The battle . On 12 March , General Emmanuel de Saint - Priest had taken the city of Reims with 15 , 000 men . Napoleon responded by heading east from Soissons with 10 , 000 men and retaking the city the next day . Some 3 , 000 allied soldiers fell in the battle , and St . Priest was mortally wounded . In a letter to his brother Joseph on 14 March , Napoleon wrote : " Yesterday I arrived in Reims , which had been occupied by General St . Priest with three Russian divisions and a new Prussian division . I captured the city , taking twenty guns , plenty of baggage , and 5 , 000 prisoners . General St . Priest has been mortally wounded . " Napoleon entered Reims at 2 a . m . while the allied forces fled through another city gate . The allies retreated to Laon , where St . Priest died two weeks later . Historian Digby Smith wrote that French casualties in the recapture of Reims were about 900 . The Russians lost 1 , 400 men and 12 guns , while the Prussians suffered casualties of 1 , 300 men and 10 guns . Saint - Priest ' s 8th Corps counted 7 , 800 men in the 11th and 17th Russian Infantry Divisions and the 1st and 4th Russian Dragoon Divisions . There were 5 , 600 soldiers in Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Ludwig von Jagow ' s brigade of the 2nd Prussian Corps . Smith did not list the total number of French troops engaged , but noted that Marshal Auguste Marmont ' s corps , Louis Friant ' s division , the Guard cavalry , and the I Cavalry Corps were involved in the battle .
Chropi GP10 submachine gun The Chropi GP10 was a submachine gun built by Chropei ( which used the " Chropi " spelling on its weapons ) , a Greek chemical company . It was designed by a team under Mr . Sotiris Sofianopoulos ( apparently based on an original Greek - Cypriot design ) and was proposed to the Greek Army in 1975 . Initial " positive " performance results during tests were replaced by a final rejection of the gun with dire consequences for the company , which had improved its existing infrastructure in order to massively produce the weapon . About 100 units had been produced , which were delivered to the Greek state and ended up in Greek Army storage facilities .
Berg concentration camp Berg was a concentration camp near Tønsberg in Norway that served as an internment and transit center for political prisoners and Jews during the Nazi occupation of Norway . Establishment . The camp at Berg was founded upon an initiative in the fall of 1941 from Norwegian officials Nasjonal Samling and with some opposition from the German occupying authorities , Wilhelm Rediess in particular . The main advocates for the camp were Minister of Justice Sverre Riisnæs , mayor Bjerck of Tønsberg , and head of the Hird in Vestfold , Eivind Wallestad . Police minister Jonas Lie approved the construction plans on June 12 , 1942 . Vidkun Quisling had spoken of the camp at a speech in Horten on May 25 , 1942 as an expression of his outrage of the Norwegian Constitution Day celebration among Norwegian patriots . He promised his political opposition that a " chicken coop " would be established for them . The camp was planned to have a capacity of 3 , 000 prisoners but was never fully finished . It was unique among the camps in Norway in that it was run entirely by Norwegians under the authority of the Ministry of Police . Prisoners . The first prisoners to Berg were a contingent of 60 male Jews that had been arrested on October 26 , 1942 . They arrived by train and were force - marched into the still - unfinished camp . The barracks were uninsulated , had no sanitary facilities , beds , or other furniture . Within two days there were 350 prisoners , under the administration of Leif Lindseth . They were told that anyone who tried to escape would be summarily shot ; and that ten of their fellow inmates and their families would be shot in retribution . During the month before their deportation , the Jewish prisoners were put to hard labor , expanding the camp . They worked seven days a week from 7 : 30 am to 8 : 30 pm , subsisting on a quarter loaf of bread , soup from flowers , and ersatz coffee . The local Red Cross chapter , led by Anton Jervell , made attempts to provide relief to the prisoners with mixed success . After most of the Jewish prisoners had been deported , several groups of political prisoners moved in . Conditions deteriorated after this , and disease became prevalent . In April 1943 conditions started to improve somewhat , but Berg was considered among the worst camps in Norway and far worse than Grini . In addition to the 350 Jewish prisoners at Grini , 847 prisoners spent time at Berg . During the 1944 / 45 winter , the camp reached its maximum population of 500 - 600 prisoners . Of the 280 Jewish prisoners who were sent from Berg to camps in Germany , seven survived . Famous prisoners include : Post - war use . After the war it was used for prisoners with relations to the succumbed Nazi rule .
Constantin S . Constantin Constantin S . Constantin ( May 9 , 1889 - February 29 , 1948 ) was a Romanian Major - General during World War II . He was Assistant Chief General Staff in 1939 , and in 1941 was Secretary - General of Administration Ministry of Defence and then Under - Secretary of Supply . He went into reserve in 1943 , and in 1944 was Deputy General Officer Commanding Capital Military Command . He went into reserve again that year , and retired in 1945 . In 1946 , he was arrested and in 1948 was condemned to 10 years imprisonment . He died in the Văcăreşti Prison .
Sam Ybarra Sam Ybarra ( 1945 - 1982 ) was a United States Army soldier who served in the Tiger Force commando unit attached to the 101st Airborne Division during the Vietnam War . Ybarra was born and raised on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona to a Mexican father and an Apache mother . When he was five , his father died in a bar brawl , and after that he was raised by his mother . He attended Globe High School in Globe , Arizona , and was arrested four times as a teenager for disturbing the peace and underage drinking . Ybarra enlisted in the U . S . Army in 1966 , along with his childhood friend Kenneth Green , and the friends were attached to the Tiger Force unit . Both he and Green committed atrocities against Vietnamese civilians during the war , and engaged in the Tiger Force practice of cutting off trophy ears from their victims . Ybarra was noted by the " Stars and Stripes " magazine as having recorded the 1000th kill of Operation Wheeler . Green was killed on September 29 , 1967 , and other Tiger Force soldiers claim that it threw Ybarra over the edge , as he vowed to avenge his friend ' s death . As a result , he became the unit ' s worst killer , and had to be transferred out of the unit to an artillery company in early 1968 . Ybarra went on to be court martial ed for insubordination , and was dishonorably discharged in late 1968 . He would later be named in 7 of the 30 allegations that the Army would later investigate the unit for . Once discharged , Ybarra could not be compelled to testify to the investigations against him , and declined three times . He died of pneumonia in 1982 , at age 37 , living with his mother on the San Carlos Apache Reservation in Arizona , reportedly contrite and depressed over his role in the war .
Transvaal Rangers Raafs Horse ( or Raafs Transvaal Rangers , ) was an irregular unit raised by Pieter Raaf with a strength of approximately 140 . The Transvaal Rangers enlisted both European and Coloured personnel in its ranks , and recruited large numbers from the Kimberley diamond fields . It served in the 4 July 1879 Battle of Ulundi - the final battle of the Anglo - Zulu War as well as the earlier battles of Hlobane and Kambula .
Battle of Villers - Bocage order of battle This is the order of battle for the Battle of Villers - Bocage , a World War II battle on 13 June 1944 between British and German forces in Normandy , France as part of Operation Perch . British Order of Battle . The 22nd Armoured Brigade group , was made up of Corps and Divisional troops from XXX Corps and the 7th Armoured Division as well as elements of the divisions two brigades , the 22nd Armoured Brigade and 131st ( Queens ) Infantry Brigade . The Brigade group was placed under the command of the 22nd Armoured Brigade commanding officer , Brigadier W . R . N . " Looney " Hinde .
USS Liberty Belle ( IX - 72 ) " Liberty Belle " ( IX - 72 ) was built in 1910 by Harlan & Hollingworth , Wilmington , Del . ; acquired by the US Navy 23 April 1942 from the Wilson Line on a bareboat charter ; and placed in service 1 January 1943 for duty in the 5th Naval District . Assigned to experimental duty , " Liberty Belle " operated out of the Naval Mine Warfare Test Station , Solomons , Maryland , until early May 1944 when she sailed for Philadelphia . Arriving there , she was placed out of service 18 May 1944 , and was returned to the Maritime Commission 10 April 1947 . She was subsequently sold to Jersey Shore Lines of Atlantic Highlands , N . J . , and renamed " Asbury Park " .
Donald Cameron ( VC ) Commander Donald Cameron VC ( 18 March 1916 – 10 April 1961 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He is one of three VC winners from the small town of Carluke in South Lanarkshire ( population 7 , 000 ) . The Rotary Club of Carluke have erected a millennium stone in the town market place to commemorate this . Details . Cameron was 27 years old , and a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . He had served in the Merchant Navy since the age of 17 . On 22 September 1943 at Kåfjord on the Altafjord , North Norway , Lieutenant Cameron , commanding Midget Submarine X . 6 , and another lieutenant ( Basil Charles Godfrey Place ) commanding Midget Submarine X . 7 , carried out a most daring and successful attack on the German Battleship " Tirpitz " . The small submarines had to travel at least 1 , 000 miles from base , negotiate a minefield , dodge nets , gun defences and enemy listening posts . Having eluded all these hazards they finally placed the charges underneath the ship where they went off an hour later , doing so much damage that the " Tirpitz " was out of action for months . The full citation was published in a supplement to the London Gazette of 18 February 1944 ( dated 22 February 1944 ) and read : He achieved the rank of commander in 1955 , and was in charge of HMS " Dolphin " , the submarine base at Fort Blockhouse . Cameron married WRNS ' s member Eve Kilpatrick in 1940 and they had four children . Cameron ' s health deteriorated in the last years of his life and he was eventually admitted to Royal Hospital Haslar , Portsmouth , where he died on 10 April 1961 . His remains were cremated at Portchester and buried at sea from submarine HMS " Thule " on 13 April 1961 .
USS Blakely ( TB - 27 ) The first USS " Blakely " ( Torpedo Boat No . 27 / TB - 27 / Coast Torpedo Boat No . 13 ) was laid down on 12 January 1899 at South Boston , Massachusetts , by George Lawley & Son and launched on 22 November 1900 . Sponsored by Miss Nellie M . White ; and commissioned on 27 December 1904 , with Lieutenant Charles E . Courtney in command . " Blakely " completed dock trials at the Boston Navy Yard and then moved to Newport , Rhode Island , where she fitted out with ordnance and electrical equipment at the torpedo station and underwent various tests and inspections before becoming a unit of the 3rd Torpedo Flotilla , United States Atlantic Fleet . She cruised the Atlantic and gulf coasts of the United States with that organization , engaged in a series of drills , exercises , and port visits . The torpedo boat was placed out of commission , in reserve , at the Norfolk Navy Yard on or about 28 February 1907 . She remained inactive until recommissioned on 13 January 1908 , Lieutenant Thomas L . Ozburn in command , and , for about five months , resumed active operations with the 3d Torpedo Flotilla . On 1 July 1908 , " Blakely " returned to inactive status with the Reserve Torpedo Flotilla at Norfolk . At some unspecified point in the succeeding months , she was moved to the New York Navy Yard where she was recommissioned on 6 May 1909 , Ensign Reuben L . Walker in command . The warship cruised with the Atlantic Torpedo Flotilla for six months . On 9 November 1909 , she went back into reserve , this time at Charleston , South Carolina She remained in reserve , though not necessarily inactive , for a little more than seven years . The first year or so , she spent in Charleston . By 1 July 1911 , she had been moved to Newport , Rhode Island , as a unit of the Reserve Torpedo Group . On St . Patrick ' s Day 1914 , this ship , named for a native son of Ireland , was placed in ordinary at the Torpedo Station , Newport , Rhode Island . This suggests that she was assigned to some quasi active duty in support of the Torpedo Station ' s mission . In May 1916 , " Blakely " , still not in commission , moved to the Naval Station , Narragansett Bay , where she served as a station craft . On 6 April 1917 , the day the United States joined the Allies in World War I , " Blakely " was placed back in commission . Assigned to the Patrol Force and based at New London , Connecticut , she patrolled the waters of the 1st and 2d Naval Districts . In August 1918 , her name was canceled and reassigned to a new Wickes - class destroyer then under construction . For the remainder of her career , the warship was known as Coast Torpedo Boat No . 13 . In January 1919 , she was ordered to the Philadelphia Navy Yard for inactivation . She was decommissioned for the last time on 8 March 1919 , and her name was struck from the Navy list on 7 October 1919 . She was sold to the U . S . Rail & Salvage Corp . , Newburgh , New York , on 10 March 1920 .
Chinese swords Swords have a long history in China . Stone swords were used in prehistoric times . Bronze swords have been traced back to the bronze daggers of the Shang period . Bronze long swords suddenly appeared during the mid - third century BC . Later swords were made of iron or steel . These metals were wrought , never cast . Swords commonly reached a length of 70 – 100 cm , although longer swords have been found . Chinese iron swords were used in Japan from the third to sixth century AD , but were replaced with Korean and native Japanese swords by the middle of the Heian era . Chinese group all swords into two types , Jian ( 劍 ) and Dao ( 刀 ) . Jian are dual edged and Dao are single edged . Technical development . Source : been compromised by inferior workmanship , resulting in these dao being of poor quality . General Qi Jiguang specifies higher standards to bring quality up
USS Deede ( DE - 263 ) USS " Deede " ( DE - 263 ) was an in the United States Navy . The ship was named after LeRoy Clifford Deede , LTJG , USNR . " Deede " was launched 6 April 1943 by Boston Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . M . B . Deede , mother of Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Deede ; and commissioned 29 July 1943 , Lieutenant Commander J . W . Whaley in command . World War II Pacific operations . " Deede " arrived at Pearl Harbor on 17 November 1943 . She got underway on 26 November for the invasion of the Gilberts , screened a convoy to Tarawa , then patrolled off Makin until 23 December when she returned to Pearl Harbor . " Deede " arrived at Majuro on 3 February 1944 for service as harbor pilot and patrol vessel during the occupation of that island . She returned to Pearl Harbor for training exercises from 21 February to 26 March , then escorted convoys between Majuro and Pearl Harbor until 26 May . She sailed from Pearl Harbor on 4 June for Eniwetok , arriving ten days later , and from this base escorted an oiler task unit which refueled task force TF 53 at sea on 20 June at the close of the Battle of the Philippine Sea , and TF 58 during the raid on the Bonins on 24 June . Between 6 July and 1 September 1944 " Deede " served as screening and patrol ship during the assault and capture of the Marianas . After a brief overhaul at Eniwetok , she escorted to Guadalcanal , then on 2 October joined the escort for a convoy to recently invaded Peleliu . She continued convoy duty - aiding in the occupation of the Palaus until 17 November when she sailed for Pearl Harbor . Supporting Iwo Jima operations . " Deede " served as escort and target in the training of submarines out of Pearl Harbor until 6 February 1945 when she got underway to escort a convoy of cargo and transport ships to reinforce the recent landings on Iwo Jima , arriving on 23 February . She remained off Iwo Jima on patrol until 20 March when she screened the transports returning the 4th Marines to Pearl Harbor , arriving on 4 April . Stateside overhaul . After overhaul at San Francisco and training at San Diego and Pearl Harbor , " Deede " joined the replenishment group for the 3rd Fleet at Ulithi on 21 July , operating with this group during the final air raids and bombardments on the Japanese mainland . She served as communications linking ship between hospital ship s and from 16 to 21 August , then rejoined the logistics group to enter Tokyo Bay on 2 October . Four days later she got underway for Pearl Harbor where she served with the Hawaiian Sea Frontier from 17 October to 19 November . Decommissioning . " Deede " arrived at San Francisco on 25 November , was decommissioned there on 9 January 1946 , and sold on 12 June 1947 . Awards . " Deede " was awarded six battle star s for World War II service .
Tashkent Declaration The Tashkent Declaration of 10 January 1966 was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan after the Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 . Peace had been achieved on 23 September by the intervention of the great powers who pushed the two nations to a cease fire for fears the conflict could escalate and draw in other powers . Overview . A meeting was held in Tashkent in the Uzbek SSR , USSR beginning on 4 January 1966 to try to create a more permanent settlement . The Soviets , represented by Premier Alexei Kosygin moderated between Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Muhammad Ayub Khan . The Tashkent conference , under United Nations , American and Soviet pressure , compelled India to give away the conquered region in Pakistan occupied national boundary of India and the 1949 ceasefire line in Kashmir . This eventually led to dissatisfaction and protests against the Ayub Khan leadership . Declaration . The conference was viewed as a great success and the declaration that was released was hoped to be a framework for lasting peace . The declaration stated that Aftermath events . The agreement was criticized in India because it did not contain a no - war pact or any renunciation of guerrilla warfare in Kashmir .
Siege of Santo Domingo ( 1805 ) The Siege of Santo Domingo of 1805 was a major battle of the Franco - Haitian War and was fought on March , 1805 at Santo Domingo , Saint - Domingue . A force of some 2 , 000 French troops led by Gen . Louis Ferrand resisted a siege of three weeks by a force of 21 , 000 troops of the Haitian Army led by General Jean Jacques Dessalines . The siege lasted until the city received naval support from six French frigates .
Flying Saucer Working Party Flying Saucer Working Party ( or FSWP ) was the name of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence ’ s ( MOD ) first " official study into UFO s " , which has its roots in a study commissioned in 1950 by the MOD ’ s then Chief Scientific Adviser , the great radar scientist Sir Henry Tizard . As a result of his insistence that UFO sightings should not be dismissed without some form of proper scientific study , the Department set up what writer Nick Pope has described as " " arguably the most marvellously - named committee in the history of the civil service " " Set - up . The Flying Saucer Working Party was set up in October 1950 by Ministry of Defence Chief Scientific Adviser Sir Henry Tizard , who felt that UFO reports should not be dismissed out of hand without some serious study . He duly authorised the setting up of a small study team to look into the phenomenon . This is the group ' s final report , which was released to UFO researchers Dr David Clarke and Andy Roberts in 2001 by the MOD , following requests made under the Code of Practice on Access to Government Information . A detailed commentary and analysis of this material can be found at the Real UFO Project website including scans of the report and associated documents .
French cruiser Marseillaise ( 1900 ) The Marseillaise was an armoured cruiser of the French Navy . In 1920 , she escorted as she ferried US President Woodrow Wilson to the USA . In 1922 , she was put in the reserve , and used as gunnery school from 1925 . She was condemned on 13 February 1932 and broken up the next year .