naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
368th Bombardment Squadron The 368th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Active during the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War , its last assignment was with the 306th Bombardment Wing stationed at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida . History . The squadron was established as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb group in early 1942 . Trained under Second Air Force before deploying to England in September 1942 , it became one of the first heavy bomber squadrons of the VIII Bomber Command 1st Bombardment Division . It was a highly decorated squadron during the air offensive over Nazi Germany and occupied Europe , engaging in strategic bombardment operations until the end of the war in Europe , in April 1945 . After the war , the squadron assisted in demobilizing personnel using B - 17s as transports along ATC routes from Western Europe , Italy and the United Kingdom to Gibraltar , and north and west Africa . The 368th was reassigned to United States Air Forces in Europe occupation forces in late 1945 , engaging in photographic mapping and strategic reconnaissance operations over Western occupation zones of Germany as well as the Soviet zone . Reassigned to Istres - Le Tubé Air Base , France , it absorbed parts of demobilized squadrons and then returned to Germany as part of the American occupation forces . It was demobilized in Germany at the end of 1946 . Reactivated as a Strategic Air Command B - 29 Superfortress squadron at MacDill Field , Florida in 1948 , the squadron began upgrading to the new B - 50 Superfortress , an advanced version of the B - 29 , in 1950 . The B - 50 gave the unit the capability to carry heavy loads of conventional weapons faster and farther ; it was also designed for atomic bomb missions if necessary . The squadron began receiving the first production models of the new Boeing B - 47 Stratojet jet bomber in 1951 and despite initial difficulties , the Stratojet became the mainstay of the medium - bombing strength of SAC all throughout the 1950s . It began sending its B - 47s to AMARC at Davis - Monthan in 1963 when the aircraft was deemed no longer capable of penetrating Soviet airspace . The 368th was inactivated in 1963 with phaseout of the B - 47 . The 368th emblem was designed by B - 17 gunner Thomas Albert Donlon , Jr . , of the bomber " Lady Winifred " .
April Fool ( spy ) April Fool is the codename for the spy and double agent who allegedly played a key role in the downfall of the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein . Overview . According to General Tommy Franks , the commander of the U . S . military in the 2003 Iraq conflict , " April Fool " , an American officer working undercover as a diplomat , was approached by an Iraqi intelligence agent . " April Fool " then sold to the Iraqi false " top secret " invasion plans provided by Franks ' team . This decoy deception successfully misled the Iraqi military into deploying major forces in Northern and Western Iraq in anticipation of attacks via Turkey or Jordan , which never took place . This greatly reduced the defensive capacity in the rest of Iraq and significantly facilitated the actual attacks via Kuwait and the Persian Gulf in the southeast . Inadequately defended , Baghdad fell to the U . S . within a few weeks and Saddam Hussein ' s regime collapsed .
819th Strategic Aerospace Division The 819th Strategic Aerospace Division ( 825th SAD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Strategic Air Command , assigned to Second Air Force , being stationed at Dyess Air Force Base , Texas . It was inactivated on July 2 , 1966 . Activated in 1956 as an intermediate command echelon of Strategic Air Command , supervising and directing the combat training of its subordinate units in the Central Midwest of the United States from February 1956 – July 1966 . The division emphasized flying operations , flying training , and aircraft maintenance . In fulfilling its duties , the 819th participated in numerous tactical training exercises throughout its existence . Initially as an Air Division , controlled B - 47 Stratojet wings , added SM - 65 Atlas ICBM wings in 1962 and being designated as a Strategic Aerospace Division . Phased out B - 47 and briefly being re - equipped with B - 52 Stratofortress wings in 1962 , B - 52s reassigned in 1966 . Inactivated in 1966 as a result of SM - 65 Atlas ICBM being retired . History . Components . Wings
Elbow cop Modern usage , normally used by the Society for Creative Anachronism for the term couter , it is the portion of armour which covers the elbow joints , usually integral to a complete arm harness . As part of a complete armour that covers the whole arm , it is known as a cannon . The term knee cop is also used to refer to the article of armour that covers just the knee , the correct historical term for this is poleyn .
Sandy Turnbull Alexander " Sandy " Turnbull ( 30 July 1884 – 3 May 1917 ) was a Scottish football player who played as a forward for both Manchester City and Manchester United in the early 20th century . Born in Hurlford to James and Jessie Turnbull of 1 Gibson Street , Kilmarnock , Ayrshire , Turnbull started his football career with his hometown club , Hurlford Thistle . He later moved to Manchester City . In 1905 , City was found guilty of malpractice relating to payments of its players , and the entire squad was suspended from playing football . When the ban was lifted on 31 December 1906 , Turnbull moved to City ' s crosstown rivals Manchester United , along with Billy Meredith , Herbert Burgess and Jimmy Bannister . His first game for United came on the next day , 1 January 1907 , against Aston Villa . Along with Meredith , he helped the club to their first championship in 1908 and the 1909 FA Cup , scoring the only goal in the final , against Bristol City . In 1908 alone , he would score 27 goals in 25 games . In February 19 , 1919 , Turnbull scored the first ever goal at Old Trafford , in a 4 - 3 loss against Liverpool . He would go on to score 100 goals for the club in 245 games . His final game for the Reds came against Sheffield United in 1915 . Turnbull died at Arras , France , aged 32 , on 3 May 1917 while serving as a Lance Sergeant in the Eighth Battalion of the East Surrey Regiment of the British Army during the First World War . His body was never found and he is commemorated on the Arras memorial Turnbull , who was married and had four children , had received a lifelong ban from football in 1915 along with several others players after being found guilty of match - fixing . He was posthumously re - instated in 1919 .
Ethyldichloroarsine Ethyldichloroarsine , sometimes abbreviated " ED " , is an organoarsenic compound with the formula CHCHAsCl . This colourless volatile liquid is a highly toxic obsolete vesicant or blister agent that was used during World War I in chemical warfare . The molecule is pyramidal with the Cl - As - Cl and C - As - Cl angles approaching 90° ( see image ) . Its toxic action is similar to lewisite .
Darwin Military Museum The Darwin Military Museum was originally established as an artillery museum by the Royal Australian Artillery Association ( NT ) Inc ( RAAA ) to exhibit photographs and artefacts from Darwin ' s history during World War II . The Museum now has a large exhibit of items from the war , including Navy , Army and Air Force items from Australian , US and other armed forces . It is set amongst concrete gun emplacements and other fortifications in an area that was one of the most heavily fortified parts of Australia during the war . At the peak around 1943 , there were over 110 , 000 armed forces personnel based in Darwin and nearby areas . It was from Darwin that General Douglas MacArthur launched his campaign to liberate Manila and more generally to reclaim the Philippines from Japanese occupation . During the war , Darwin was bombed 64 times over almost two years , with the first two raids alone on 19 February 1942 resulting in the deaths of an estimated 243 people . Other sources place the figure as much higher , even up to 1000 , and a memorial plaque on the Darwin Esplanade overlooking the harbour says 292 people were killed . ABC TV News on 28 February 2010 carried an item saying that the Darwin City Council has commissioned naval historian John Bradford to determine the truth on how many died . History . The museum was begun out of the wreckage of East Point fortifications in the 1960s by the RAAA ( NT ) , specifically by fencing off an area around the 9 . 2 - inch gun Command Post . Two six - inch guns which were being vandalised in their sites further away on the foreshore were brought inside the fence . Trees and a garden were planted . The RAAA steadily added to its collection of AA guns , vehicles , and items such as weapons and uniforms . Over the years the museum grew from a once - a - week opening to weekends , and then moved towards a seven day a week timetable . Concurrently it installed a series of managers . From 2009 the RAAA took over operating the museum directly . The present operation has an eight - person management board and employs a number of staff as admissions attendants . Prior to the 2008 territory elections , the Northern Territory Government announced that it had allocated over A $ 10 million in funds to be spent on various projects for the museum . In July 2009 , East Point Military Museum was renamed as Darwin Military Museum . The Northern Territory Government and the Royal Australian Artillery Association ( NT ) Inc have worked in collaboration towards an improved site since 2008 . The museum ' s director is former high school teacher Tom Lewis OAM . Since mid - 2009 the RAAA has outlaid approximately $ A250 , 000 on improvements to the site and its collection , including reorienting the focus of the museum towards the 1942 raids , while taking in all Northern Australian defence .
German submarine U - 463 German submarine " U - 463 " was a Type XIV supply and replenishment U - boat ( " " Milchkuh " " ) of the of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 8 March 1941 by Deutsche Werke of Kiel . She was launched on 20 December 1941 and commissioned on 2 April 1942 with " Korvettenkapitän " Leo Wolfbauer in command . Wolfbauer remained in charge for the boat ' s entire career . Operational career . " U - 463 " conducted five patrols . As a supply boat , she avoided combat . 1st patrol . " U - 463 " departed Kiel on her first patrol on 11 July 1942 , arriving at St . Nazaire in occupied France on 3 September . She had gone the ' long ' way round the British Isles , by way of the gap between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands , heading out into mid - Atlantic toward the Caribbean . 2nd , 3rd and 4th patrols . Her second foray took her into the middle of the Atlantic again , between 28 September 1942 and 11 November . The submarine ' s next sortie was further south , passing the Azores on the outward journey to the north and to the south on the return . By now she was based at St . Nazaire once more . Another uneventful patrol began on 4 March 1943 , but when the U - boat returned to France on 17 April , she moved into Bordeaux . 5th patrol and loss . " U - 463 " s fifth patrol began with her departure from Le Verdon , ( north of Bordeaux ) : She had barely cleared the Bay of Biscay , when she was attacked and sunk on 16 May 1943 by depth charge s dropped by a British Halifax from 58 Squadron RAF Coastal Command , piloted by Wing Commander Wilfred Oulton . All 57 of her crew died .
Alfred I , Prince of Windisch - Grätz General Alfred Candidus Ferdinand , Prince of Windisch - Grätz ( ) ( 11 May 1787 , Brussels – 21 March 1862 , Vienna ) was a member of the Bohemian noble Windisch - Graetz family , originally from Styria . He started service in the Habsburg imperial army in 1804 . As an Austrian army officer he distinguished himself throughout the wars fought by the Habsburg Monarchy in the 19th century . Background . He was a son of Count Joseph Nicholas of Windisch - Graetz and his second wife , Duchess Maria Leopoldine Franziska of Arenberg . He married Princess Eleonore of Schwarzenberg , with whom Napoleon . Windisch - Grätz participated in all the wars against Napoleon and fought with distinction at the Battle of Leipzig and in the campaign of 1814 . In 1833 , he was named Field Marshal ( ) . Bohemia . In the following years of peace , Windisch - Grätz held successive commands in Prague , being appointed head of the army in Bohemia in 1840 . Having gained a reputation as a champion of energetic measures against revolution , during the Revolutions of 1848 in Habsburg areas he was called upon to suppress the insurrection of March 1848 in Vienna , but finding himself ill - supported by the ministers he speedily threw up his post . Having returned to Prague , his wife was killed by a stray bullet during the popular uprising . He then showed firmness in quelling an armed outbreak of the Czech separatists ( June 1848 ) , declaring martial law throughout Bohemia . Upon the recrudescence of revolt in Vienna he was summoned at the head of a large army and reduced the city by a formal siege ( October 1848 ) . Hungary . Appointed to the chief command against the Hungarian revolutionaries under Lajos Kossuth , he gained some early successes and reoccupied Buda and Pest ( January 1849 ) , but by his slowness in pursuit he allowed the enemy to rally in superior numbers and to prevent an effective concentration of the Austrian forces . In April 1849 he was relieved of his command and thenceforth rarely appeared again in public life . Quotes . ( In reference to rebellious constitutionalists ) " They do not want to hear about the Grace of God ? They will hear the grace of the cannon . "
Sajjad Afghani Sajjad Afghani ( died 10 March 2011 ) was a leader of the Pakistan - based jihadi organization Jaish e Mohammed . After the Soviet war in Afghanistan , Afghani became the leader of the Harkat - ul - Mujahideen . After the end of his leadership , he became one of the founders of the Jaish e Mohammed , eventually becoming their second in command under Maulana Masood Azhar . Following several kidnapping incidents and shootouts , Sajjad Afghani became the most wanted militant in Srinagar . Afghani and his personal bodyguard , Belal Mandol , were killed on 10 March 2011 in a shootout with police in the Kashmir Valley , after wounding two police officers .
Charles " Chuck " Tatum Charles " Chuck " Tatum is an American World War II veteran and former race car driver and builder . On February 19 , 1945 he was among the first wave of Marines to land on the Japanese island stronghold of Iwo Jima . Tatum ' s war memoir , " Red Blood , Black Sand " , was one of five books used as source material for the Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced HBO miniseries " The Pacific " . Tatum is portrayed in the series by actor Ben Esler . Biography . Military service . Tatum enlisted in the U . S . Marine Corps when he was seventeen . He became a machine gunner . He was sent to the newly activated 5th Marine Division at Camp Pendleton , California in 1944 and became acquainted during training ( and on Iwo Jima ) with Medal of Honor recipient , Gunnery Sergeant John Basilone ( " Manila John " ) , a machine gun section leader who was killed in action the first day on Iwo Jima and awarded the Navy Cross posthumoulsly . He was sent for further training with the 5th division at Camp Tarawa near Hilo , Hawaii which was preparing for the assault and capture of Iwo Jima . He was a member of Baker ( " B " ) Company , 1st Battalion , 27th Marine Regiment , 5th Marine Division . On February 19 , 1945 ( D - Day ) , his battalion ( Landing Team 1 - 27 ) disembarked and landed on " Red Beach 2 " on the southeast side of Iwo Jima off of landing boats from the attack transport , USS Hansford ( APA - 106 ) with orders to , " land , seize , and occupy Iwo Jima " ( " Island X " ) . Tatum landed with the 1st wave of white faced ( anti - flash cream ) Marine infantry and their attached Navy medical corpsmen off of LVTs ( amtracs ; amphibian tractors ) from LST # 10 that they had boarded February 11 when the USS Hansford stopped at Saipan . " Red Beach 2 " , a 550 - yard landing zone , was about 800 yards across from " Motoyama Airfield # 1 " which was 1 , 500 yards north of Mount Suribachi on the south end of Iwo Jima . " Red Beach 2 " was one of the seven color named and numbered landing zones that together was two miles long on the east side of Iwo Jima . Tatum was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Combat " V " for saving a Marine buddy during fighting at Hill 362 on Iwo Jima . Tatum was subsequently wounded in action and evacuated from the island . Career . Tatum became a successful race car driver and builder after the war . Blake Tatum , son of Chuck Tatam , drove a " Crusader " that was manufactured by his father ' s company to become the " 1994 Formula Vee West Coast Regional Champion " . He is active in Marine affairs and was twice the president of the " Stockton Marine Corps " " Club " in California . In 1995 , he arranged a memorial service in Washington D . C . in recognition of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Iwo Jima . Tatum ' s book , " Red Blood , Black Sand " , first printed in 1995 , is one of the five books used as a basis for the television mini - series " The Pacific " ; Tatum is portrayed by actor Ben Esler .
Waleed Ehsanul Karim Waleed Ehsanul Karim , Shaheed ( Martyr ) ( ) ( July 1944 , Harbang , Chakaria - 19 April 1965 , Karachi ) was a Pakistan Air Force ' s fighter pilot and one of the youngest F - 86 Sabre Jet pilot in the entire world . Background . Karim was born in July 1944 to Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim and Nazmunnisa Chowdhurani at Harbang , Chakaria , Cox ' s Bazar , British India ( now in Bangladesh ) . He had completed his Senior Cambridge from PAF Public School Sargodha ( formerly PAF College Sargodha ) in April 1961 ( 5th Entry , Sabre House ) and joined the Pakistan Air Force in August 1961 . PAF career . He was commissioned in the PAF in June 1963 . He was the Wing Under Officer ( WUO ) . He was also selected for Sword of Honor but did not get it . In a debate in the academy he had mentioned the Language Movement of 1952 which compelled the government to establish Bengali at par with Urdu . He was later nominated as Pakistan Air Force Basketball team captain at Air Force Academy , Risalpur . Fighter Pilot of PAF . He was famous for his daring stunts with his F - 86 Sabre . He took part in the Republic Day fly past at Rawalpindi on 23 March 1964 . He died when his recently repaired aircraft ( which was hit by anti - aircraft guns at Rann of Kutch in the morning sortie ) developed engine trouble and plunged into the Arabian sea about 10 – 15 miles off the south coast of Karachi in the night of 19 April 1965 when he was returning from a reconnaissance mission over Gujarat . Indo - Pakistani 1965 War . He had participated at the Rann of Kutch battle by dropping smoke bombs in daytime to screen the infantry attacks . Neither his body , nor the aircraft was recovered . But a part of the rudder was later recovered from the same location after two months . At that time he was a fighter pilot of 17th Squadron ( the Tigers ) of the Pakistan Air Force . Air Marshal Azim Daudpota was his Squadron Leader at that time . Flight Lieutenant M . Matiur Rahman , Bir Sreshtho , Air Vice Marshal Momtaz Uddin Ahmed were his course mates in both Sargodha and Risalpur .
Guards Mixed Brigade In September 1939 the 1st Guards Brigade of the Japan ese Imperial Guards Division was split off and transferred to South China to became known as the Guards Mixed Brigade . It took with it the 1st and 2nd Guards Infantry Regiments , the Guards Cavalry Regiment , and about half of the other support and service units . There it defended against the Chinese 1939 - 40 winter offensive and participated in the later part of the Battle of South Guangxi . In October 1940 , the Guards Mixed Brigade joined other Japanese units occupying French Indochina . In April 1941 it returned to Tokyo , but did not re - join the Imperial Guards Division . In June 1943 the 1st Guards Division was formed from the Guards Mixed Brigade in Tokyo .
USS Rosalie ( 1863 ) USS " Rosalie " ( 1863 ) was a captured Confederate sloop acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War . She was put into service by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . She served primarily as a ship ' s tender , but , occasionally , she served as a gunboat to capture blockade runners she encountered . Captured by the Union Navy and fitted out as a Union Navy tender . The sloop " Rosalie " , commanded by Master W . R . Postell , was intercepted and seized on 16 March 1863 by while attempting to run cargo from Bermuda into the besieged port of Charleston , South Carolina . Sent to Key West , Florida , for adjudication , she was purchased by the Navy on 6 May 1863 ; fitted out as a tender ; and commissioned in June 1863 , Acting Ensign Charles P . Clark in command . Civil War service . Assigned to blockade duty off Florida . Assigned duty as tender to the blockading vessel at Charlotte Harbor , Florida , until December 1864 , " Rosalie " arrived at Charlotte Harbor in mid - June . On 6 July she sighted her first large blockade runner , the schooner " Ann " accompanied by a small sloop ; and a 3 - day chase up Peace Creek ensued . On the 7th , " Rosalie " , frequently grounding in shallow waters , was joined by two cutters from . On the 8th , the American seamen took their cotton - laden quarry . By 18 July " Rosalie " had added one sponging vessel and another small sloop to her list of captures . On 1 August she took the British schooner " Georgie " into custody after spotting her , deserted and empty of cargo , hidden up the Caloosahatchee River . On the 7th , she intercepted a small sailboat ; took the three occupants prisoner on suspicion of espionage ; and sent them to Key West , Florida . On 30 September she captured another British schooner and in October added patrols at Estero Bay to her mission . Supporting Union Army operations along the Florida coast . During the winter of 1863 - 64 , and into the spring and summer of the latter year , " Rosalie " supported Army operations along the west coast of central Florida . Such missions , however , primarily involved transportation of scouts or protection of refugees and seldom took her far from Charlotte Harbor . On 9 June 1864 , " Rosalie " seized her only prize steamer , " Emma " , as that wood burner attempted to smuggle coal to Rebel forces . Four months later she took her last prize , another sponging vessel . End - of - war operations and decommissioning . In December 1864 , " Rosalie " departed Charlotte Harbor for the last time and took up guard vessel duty at Boca Chica , Florida . She remained on that duty through the end of the Civil War and at the end of May 1865 was designated for disposal through sale at Key West . Decommissioned in June , she was sold at public auction on the 28th to a Mr . Benjamin Roberts .