naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Duguay - Trouin - class cruiser The three Duguay - Trouin class light cruisers were built for France in the early 1920s . The fate of these three ships after the French surrender illustrates the dichotomy within the French armed forces at the time : one ship was interned , then joined the Free French , another twice resisted Allied bombardment and was destroyed , and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk . Design . The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid - 1919 , with the Italians as likely adversaries . A detailed design ( Project 171 ) had been completed by the end of 1919 , but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920 . While discussion continued , there were opportunities to compare with newly commissioned cruisers of other navies . The foreign designs were indeed superior , particularly armament . At the end of 1920 , after having examined copies of the plans for the U . S . " Omaha " class , four designs had been drafted . All four used hulls based on the " Omahas " , with eight newly designed 155 mm and four 75 mm anti - aircraft guns and twelve torpedo tubes . The differences lay in the combinations of power and protection . Design C was selected and detailed work started . The new class would achieve , using oil firing and single - reduction geared turbines , and have minimal protection ; barely splinter - proof on the gun shields . The main armament would be a new breech - loading M1920 gun of 155 mm calibre , based on an army weapon , with a range of 26 , 100 metres . In action , this weapon proved to be slow to operate . The 75 mm anti - aircraft battery was of the M1922 type . Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis , despite determined efforts to " improve " the design . None of the ships had their light armour truly tested by equivalent adversaries : " Primauguet " s destruction at Casablanca was at the hands of a greatly superior force . As intended , they were fast and economical , although with a limited range . Modifications . After completion , single catapults were installed on the quarter - decks of each ship , initially with two Gourdou - Leseurre GL - 812 HY flying - boats , later the GL - 832 . The " Duguay - Trouin " and " Primauguet " were subsequently equipped with a single Loire 130 in the 1930s . In 1942 , " Primauguet " had her anti - aircraft battery increased . Once back with the Allies , " Duguay - Trouin " had her torpedo tubes and aircraft installations removed in 1943 and her AA weaponry was augmented in 1943 and again in 1944 , when radar was also added .
11th Division ( Australia ) The 11th Division was an Australian Army unit formed during World War II by the redesignation of Milne Force on 1 October 1942 . The division saw action in New Guinea during the Finisterre Range campaign and in New Britain . It was disbanded on 31 August 1945 . Divisional units . All units that served with the division during the war .
Field marshal ( Germany ) Field marshal or Generalfeldmarschall ( ) in German ( usually translated simply as " general field marshal " , and sometimes written only as " Feldmarschall " ) , was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation ; in the Habsburg Monarchy , the rank " Feldmarschall " was used . The rank was the equivalent to a grand admiral ( ) in the Imperial German Navy and " Kriegsmarine " . In the German - Prussian Army and later in the " Wehrmacht " , the rank had several privileges , such as elevation to nobility , equal protocol rank with cabinet ministers , right of reporting directly to the monarch , and a constant escort / protection . In 1854 , the rank of colonel - general ( ) was created in order to promote William I , German Emperor to senior rank without breaking the rule that only wartime field commanders could receive the rank of field marshal for a victory in a decisive battle or the capture of a fortification or major town . In 1870 Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia and Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm — who had commanded armies during the Franco - Prussian War — became the first Prussian princes appointed field marshals . In the " Wehrmacht " and " Luftwaffe " of Germany during World War II , the rank of " Generalfeldmarschall " was the highest military rank until July 1940 , when it was made subordinate to the even higher rank of " Reichsmarschall " ( held solely by Hermann Göring ) . The equivalent of a " Generalfeldmarschall " in the navy was " Großadmiral " ( " grand admiral " ) . The rank of " Generalfeldmarschall " was abolished after the fall of the Third Reich . Hitler promoted Friedrich Paulus — commander of the 6th Army at Stalingrad — to the rank of field marshal shortly before his army ' s inevitable surrender in order to encourage him to continue to fight until death or commit suicide . In the promotion Hitler noted that no German or Prussian field marshal at that point in history had ever been captured alive . Paulus surrendered anyway , claiming " I have no intention of shooting myself for this Bohemian corporal " . Currently , the highest military grade in in the reconstituted " Bundeswehr " is general and admiral . The Commander - in - Chief ( ) of the Bundeswehr is in peacetime , according to Article 65 a of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany , the civilian Federal Minister of Defence ( ) , who holds supreme command authority over all soldiers . The Chief of Staff , Bundeswehr ) is the chief of defence post and heads the armed forces command staff ( ) . The " Nationale Volksarmee " of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) created the rank of " Marschall der DDR " ( " marshal of the GDR " ) on 25 March 1982 . A general could be appointed to this rank by the " Staatsrat " ( the head - of - state council of the GDR ) during wartime or for exceptional military achievement ; no one ever held the rank , however .
Robert Thomas Edlin Robert Thomas Edlin was a highly decorated United States Army Ranger officer during World War II . In 2005 , he was awarded the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor posthumously by the Texas Legislature . Military service . World War II . On D - Day , June 6 , 1944 , first Lieutenant Edlin a rifle company platoon leader in Company A , 2nd Ranger Battalion , led his platoon onto Omaha Beach , receiving debilitating wounds in both legs ; evacuated to England the following day , he rejoined his platoon in France on July 15 , 1944 . During the late summer of 1944 , the 2nd Ranger Battalion was assigned to support the American advance in Brittany ; on September 9 , preceding a dawn attack on the antiaircraft Graf Spee , or Lochrist , battery near the French city of Brest , Lieutenant Edlin was ordered to lead a four - man reconnaissance patrol to spot enemy pillboxes and snipers and chart a way through the minefield surrounding the garrison , the capture of which was critical in the effort to retake the port city . The patrol navigated a large minefield and encountered a German pillbox , where Lieutenant Edlin captured the officer in charge ; Lieutenant Edlin then forced the officer to escort him and his interpreter to the commanding officer of the Graf Spee battery . On entering the commander ' s office , Lieutenant Edlin took a grenade , pulled the pin , and held the grenade to the commander ' s stomach , forcing him to surrender the fort , along with four 280 - mm guns , supporting small - arms positions , pillboxes , and approximately 800 enemy soldiers . Edlin joined the Texas National Guard at 17 years of age . Before volunteering for the Rangers , Edlin served with the British Commandos . Medal of Honor . Edlin was recommended by Lieutenant Colonel James Earl Rudder ( " Rudder ' s Rangers " ) , commander of the 2nd Ranger Battalion , for the Medal of Honor . Lt . Edlin refused to accept the medal in order to remain with his platoon ; he avoided the Medal of Honor recipient requirement of being reassigned to a unit within the continental United States . Lt . Edlin was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism . Ranger Hall of Fame . In 1995 , Edlin was inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame . Texas Legislative Medal of Honor . Edlin was awarded the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor posthumously in May 2005 , just after his death on April 1 . . Book . The book , " " The Fool Lieutenant : A Personal Account of D - Day and WWII " " , about his war - time experiences , was published in 2002 .
11th Transportation Battalion ( United States ) The 11th Transportation Battalion ( " Over the Shore " ) is a transportation battalion of the United States Army first formed in 1936 . The 11th Transportation Battalion is a subordinate unit of the 7th Sustainment Brigade . Lineage . The 11th Transportation Battalion was originally constituted on 1 May 1936 in the Regular Army as the 396th Quartermaster Battalion ( Port ) . The Transportation Corps was not established until 1942 . On 17 September 1942 , the Battalion was converted and re - designated as the 396th Port Battalion in the Transportation Corps . The Battalion served with distinction during World War II , participating in the first large - scale Logistics Over The Shore mission during the 1943 invasion of Sicily . Later , the Battalion was in charge of several marshaling yards in France and in Germany . On 29 September 1948 , the Battalion was re - designated as the 11th Transportation Port Battalion . Later , the Battalion was reorganized and re - designated as the 11th Transportation Battalion . During the Vietnam War , the Battalion also served with distinction receiving three Meritorious Unit Commendations and numerous campaign credits spanning the period of 1965 through 1970 . Although the Battalion headquarters did not deploy to the Gulf War , over 500 soldiers attached to four units were sent to augment the 7th Transportation Group . In the fall of 1994 , the Battalion deployed to Haiti , in support of Operation Uphold Democracy , and again served with distinction receiving the Army Superior Unit Award . Immediately afterward , the Battalion deployed to Southwest Asia in support of Operation Vigilant Warrior . Since then the Battalion has participated in numerous joint and combined exercises both in and out of CONUS . In January 2003 the Battalion deployed again to Southwest Asia in support of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedoms . Today , the 11th Transportation Battalion conducts multi - modal and terminal transportation operations . It consists of over 850 Soldiers who practice 27 different military occupational specialties in Seaport Operations Companies , an Inland Cargo Transfer Company , a Headquarters Detachment , a Harbormaster Detachment , and an Automated Cargo Documentation Detachment in support of the 7th Sustainment Brigade at Fort Eustis , Virginia . The Battalion currently has deployment rotations in continuous support of the global war on terrorism . Campaign participation credit . OEF / OIF Rotation 1 , - Kuwait 2002 - 2003 ( Shuaiba Port ) World War II : Sicily ( with arrowhead ) ; Rome - Arno ; Southern France ; Rhineland Vietnam : Defense ; Counteroffensive ; Counteroffensive , Phase II ; Counteroffensive , Phase III ; Tet Counteroffensive ; Counteroffensive , Phase IV ; Counteroffensive , Phase V ; Counteroffensive , Phase VI ; Tet 69 / Counteroffensive ; Summer - Fall 1969 ; Winter - Spring 1970
Alfred Finnigan Alfred Benjamin Finnigan ( 18 September 1896 – 11 May 2005 ) was a British soldier who fought in World War I and gained fame because of his longevity . At the time of his death at age 108 , he had been one of only 14 known British survivors of that war . Finnigan ’ s family emigrated to Australia when he was a boy , where he gained experience with horses that was to stand him in good stead when he joined the Army in 1914 . He was posted to France in 1916 as the driver of a team of six horses pulling an 18 - pounder gun with the 15th Brigade Royal Field Artillery . After witnessing the carnage of the Somme offensive of 1916 , Finnigan ’ s battery was one of those sent to assist the Italians after their reverses at Caporetto . By 1918 , however , the battery had returned to Northern France to help stall the last great German offensive of the war . Finnigan also fought at the battle of Vimmy ridge , and was gassed in Pashendale . In much later life , Alfred did not speak much of the war , but his great nephew Mark recalls that one of the things that upset Alfred greatly was the death and suffering to the horses , he was a great animal lover . Finnigan returned to Australia after the war , but opted to settle in England , working his passage back home as a seaman in 1927 ; the ship was called the " Sir William Mitchel " and was the last sailing to sail from Australia to England . Alfred was one of the only crew who were working their passage who could read and therefore wrote the ship ' s log , this log can be found in the Greenwich maritime museum in London . In his personal life , Finnigan did not drink alcohol because his mother was treated so badly by his father , who was a drunk . Finnigan was also an atheist , mainly because his mother was a strict Catholic who had a very hard life and died a terrible death with cancer . Finnigan said if there was a God he would never have let a strict Catholic and kind lady like his mother be treated like this and die in such a way . Along with other surviving World War I servicemen , he was awarded the French Légion d ’ Honneur in 1998 .
VAW - 120 The Carrier Airborne Command and Control Squadron ONE TWO ZERO ( VAW - 120 ) is a United States Navy airborne early warning ( AEW ) squadron . Nicknamed The Greyhawks , they fly the E - 2 Hawkeye along with the C - 2A Greyhound in order to provide early warning and battlefield information back to the carrier group . Mission . The mission of VAW - 120 is " to provide command and control leadership " and " provide high priority logistics support to aircraft carrier strike groups . " History . The history of VAW - 120 starts on 6 July 1948 when Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron TWO ( VAW - 2 ) was created at NAS Oceana , Virginia . It later relocated to NAS Norfolk , Virginia . Later renamed RVAW - 120 , it became the Atlantic Fleet Replacement Squadron ( FRS ) for E - 2 and C - 2 aircraft and was later renamed again as VAW - 120 . In September 1994 , VAW - 120 became the single site E - 2 / C - 2 Fleet Replacement Squadron ( FRS ) after VAW - 110 was decommissioned as the Pacific Fleet E - 2 / C - 2 FRS at NAS Miramar , California . Thus , VAW - 120 is now the sole training squadron for all E - 2C and C - 2A aircrew .
USS J . William Ditter ( DM - 31 ) USS " J . William Ditter " ( DD - 751 / DM - 31 ) was a " Robert H . Smith " - class destroyer minelayer in the United States Navy . She was named for Congressman J . William Ditter . " J . William Ditter " was launched as DD - 751 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Staten Island , New York , 4 July 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . J . William Ditter , widow of Congressman Ditter ; reclassified DM - 31 19 July 1944 ; and commissioned at New York Navy Yard 28 October 1944 , Commander R . R . Sampson in command . Service History . October 1944 - May 1945 . " J . William Ditter " completed her shakedown off Bermuda in December . She sailed from Norfolk , Virginia 13 January 1945 , and after transiting the Panama Canal and touching at San Diego , California arrived Pearl Harbor 10 February . As the Navy ' s island - hopping thrust toward Japan reached its climax , " J . William Ditter " sailed 2 March for Eniwetok and Ulithi , departing the latter base 19 March for Okinawa . She arrived 25 March off the critical island , soon to be the scene of the largest amphibious assault of the Pacific war , and began hazardous minesweeping operations . The next day she dodged a torpedo during an encounter with a Japanese submarine . On 29 March she discovered two suicide boats off Okinawa , and sank one of them with gunfire . By the day of the invasion , 1 April , " J . William Ditter " and her sister mine - craft had swept the channels and laid marker buoys , contributing importantly to the success of the initial landing . Next day her duties shifted to convoy escort , as the versatile ship protected transports on night retirement away from Okinawa . On the night of 2 April the ship shot down two bombers , and she continued to come under air attack in the days that followed as the ' Japanese made a desperate but futile effort to stop the invasion with kamikaze tactics . " J . William Ditter " was assigned radar picket duty 12 April , and , subsequently , became the target of heavy air attack . She shot down several planes and assisted with several more until retiring to Kerama Retto 30 April . The ship was soon back on picket duty , however , and engaged in numerous battles with Japanese aircraft . June 1945 - July 1946 ( Kamikaze attack , decommissioning and scrapping ) . While patrolling with and 6 June , " J . William Ditter " was attacked by a large group of kamikazes . The ship ' s gun crews downed five of the planes ; but a sixth glanced off her No . 2 stack ; and another crashed into her on the port side near the main deck . The ship lost all power and suffered many casualties ; but damage control kept her afloat until she could be towed by tug to Kerama Retto the next day . Eventually she was repaired enough to steam to Saipan on 10 July and begin the voyage home . She touched at San Diego and the Canal Zone before arriving New York 12 July 1945 . " J . William Ditter " was decommissioned there on 28 September 1945 and was scrapped in July 1946 . Merits and legacy . " J . William Ditter " received one battle star for World War II service . As of 2009 , no other ship has been named " J . William Ditter " .
Richard Raymond Willis Major Richard Raymond Willis VC ( 13 October 1876 – 9 February 1966 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early career . Willis from Woking , Surrey , was educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College , Sandhurst . He was commissioned in 1897 , joined the 2nd Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers in India , then was posted with them to the Sudan for the Mahdist War . First World War . Willis was 38 years old and a captain in the 1st Battalion the Lancashire Fusiliers , during the First World War , when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 25 April 1915 west of Cape Helles , Gallipoli , Turkey , three companies and the Headquarters of the 1st Battalion , Lancashire Fusiliers , when landing on W Beach , were met by a very deadly fire from hidden machine - guns which caused a large number of casualties . The survivors , however , rushed up and cut the wire entanglements notwithstanding the terrific fire from the enemy and after overcoming supreme difficulties , the cliffs were gained and the position maintained . Captain Willis was one of the six members of the regiment elected for the award , the others being Cuthbert Bromley , John Elisha Grimshaw , William Keneally , Alfred Joseph Richards and Frank Edward Stubbs . Willis later achieved the rank of Major . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Fusilier Museum in Bury , Lancashire .
SHINCOM SHINCOM , the Shipboard Internal Communications system , is an internal - use telephone system used on Canadian warships . Built for use in a warship , SHINCOM includes redundancy systems to ensure that , in the case of damage , it can continue to be used . Its role is vital in day - to - day operations , as well as in emergency situations . Components . The SHINCOM system uses two controllers , one primary and the other backup . The backup system only maintains critical systems , allowing it to be simpler and more robust . In addition to normal telephone systems , SHINCOM controls the PA system , shore - line telephone , and evidence recording . SHINCOM terminals ( telephones ) can be assigned priorities , allowing higher - priority systems to preempt lower - priority calls . High priorities are generally assigned to damage - control headquarters , medical locations , and command , while low priorities are assigned to living and lounge areas . Additionally , some terminals have programmable buttons which can be assigned functions by the SHINCOM control software . Interfaces . The SHINCOM system interfaces with other shipboard communication systems . All interfaces are acronyms ending with COM . Uses . In addition to regular phoning , or the use of the interfaces listed above , SHINCOM includes two types of party lines . A PNET , or Programmable Network , is a predefined list of terminals which can join a network by pressing a single button . These are used for calls which are always made from a specific location , and include the docking network ( between the bridge and all docking stations ) and weapons networks ( between the bridge , the operations room , and weapon positions ) . The other party line is called a Meet - Me Network ( MMN ) . An MMN is assigned a phone number , and can be called from any location . These are generally used for damage control , allowing command to dial in at one location , and reports to be made conveniently from any terminal near the damage incident .
Patrick Campbell ( British Army officer ) Major - General Patrick Campbell ( 1779 – 1857 ) was a Scottish army officer and diplomat born in Duntroon . Patrick Campbell was born into a military family . His father was Neil Campbell ( 1736 – 1791 ) , and his two older brothers were James Campbell ( 1773 – 1799 ) and Neil Campbell ( 1776 – 1827 ) , all of whom served in the military . Patrick Campbell ' s service started under Ralph Abercromby in the West Indies . In 1800 he became Brigade Major to the Royal Artillery in Gibraltar . In 1809 , he volunteered to serve with the Spanish Army in the Peninsular War , and took part in several battles , notably the Battle of Talavera . In 1811 he raised and commanded a Spanish Light Infantry Regiment , and in 1813 – 14 he commanded a Spanish Brigade in the field and was promoted Lieutenant Colonel and awarded the Order of Charles III as well as the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand . However , he ended his military career in 1823 , and entered the Diplomatic Service . He was appointed Secretary of Legation in Colombia on 29 December 1826 , and then Agent and Consul - General in Egypt on 7 January 1833 . He retired on 13 August 1841 . " Campbell ' s Chamber " in the Great Pyramid of Giza was named in his honour by its discoverer Giovanni Battista Caviglia .
75th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 75th Infantry Regiment was a Regular infantry regiment in the United States Army . Constituted 10 July 1918 in the Regular Army as the 75th Infantry and assigned to the 13th Division . Organized August 1918 at Camp Lewis , Washington , from personnel of the 1st Infantry . The 75th Infantry was part of the " square " 13th Division ' s complement of four regiments including the 1st , 44th , 75th , and 76th Infantry Regiments . Relieved from the 13th Division and demobilized 27 February 1919 at Camp Lewis . It was never sent overseas during WWI . Reconstituted 18 July 1941 in the regular army . Disbanded 4 August 1952 .