naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Joshua Hall Bates Joshua Hall Bates ( March 5 , 1817 – July 26 , 1908 ) was a lawyer , politician , and general in the Union Army during the early part of the American Civil War . He was a leading recruiter and organizer of many of the first regiment s of Ohio troops who volunteered after President Abraham Lincoln ' s call to arms in the spring of 1861 . Birth and early years . Bates was born on March 5 , 1817 in Boston , Massachusetts . His father was physician George Bates who was a friend of Andrew Jackson , and mother was Eliza Hall . He graduated from the United States Military Academy on July 1 , 1837 , and was breveted as a second lieutenant in the artillery . He subsequently served five years in the Regular army , including spending time in Florida in 1837 - 38 during the Seminole Wars . He was assigned to Cleveland , Ohio , during the Canada border disturbances from 1839 to 1841 . After resigning his commission on July 20 , 1842 , he moved to Cincinnati , Ohio , where he studied law and was admitted to the bar . On May 8 , 1844 he married Elizabeth Dwight Hoadley of the New England Dwight family . Her father was Ohio politician George Hoadley ( 1781 – 1857 ) and brother was George Hoadly who later became Governor of Ohio . Their children were : Civil War service . Bates joined the Ohio state militia and became a brigadier general . At the outbreak of the Civil War , he was assigned to Department of the Sanitary Commission and served as the commander of Camp Harrison near Cincinnati . Along with two other militia generals , he helped establish Camp Dennison , a sprawling military complex north of Cincinnati . He helped organize fifteen regiments of infantry for service in the field . Believing that he was too old at age forty - four to go into combat , Bates resigned his commission as brigadier general of U . S . Volunteers on August 27 , 1861 , but remained active in the militia . As president of the Cincinnati Committee of Public Safety , Bates commanded a division when Cincinnati was threatened by Confederates forces in the summer of 1863 . One of the earthwork fortifications in northern Kentucky which defended Cincinnati was named Bates Battery in his honor . Again returning to civilian life , Bates resumed his law practice in Cincinnati . He became a member of the Ohio State Senate in 1864 and served until 1866 . He was again a state senator from 1876 to 1878 . He was the president of the Cincinnati Bar Association from 1881 to 1882 . In 1892 General Bates joined the Aztec Club of 1847 as an hereditary member by virtue of the service of his father Surgeon Charles J . Bates , USN . Bates died on July 26 , 1908 in Cincinnati at the age of 91 . He is among several former Union Army generals who were buried in the city ' s Spring Grove Cemetery .
Thomas Highgate Private Thomas James Highgate ( 13 May 1895 - 8 September 1914 ) was a British soldier during the early days of the First World War , and the first British soldier to be convicted of desertion and executed during that war . Posthumous pardons for over 300 such soldiers were announced in August 2006 , including Highgate . Background . Born the only son of a farm labourer at Oxbourne Farm in the Kent village of Shoreham , Highgate was himself a farm labourer before enlisting as a regular soldier in 1st Battalion , Royal West Kent Regiment on 4 February 1913 , aged 17 years and nine months . Prior to mobilisation his battalion was based in Dublin ' s Richmond Barracks and it crossed to France on 15 August 1914 . The battalion first saw action at the Battle of Mons , being engaged in both the battle and the subsequent retreat . Trial and execution . On 5 September , as his battalion moved forward to take part in the First Battle of the Marne , Highgate was apprehended in a barn on the estate of Baron de Rothschild at Tournan - en - Brie by the gamekeeper . He reportedly informed the latter , ' I have had enough of it , I want to get out of it and this is how I am going to do it . ' Highgate had changed into civilian clothes and his discarded uniform was found nearby . Highgate was tried by court martial ( convened at Chateau Combreaux , near Tournan in northern France ) , convicted of desertion and the death sentence was confirmed on 6 September 1914 . Highgate was undefended and called no witnesses in his defence , but claimed that he was a ' straggler ' trying to find his way back to rejoin his regiment having got separated from his comrades . Highgate ' s execution was almost as hasty as his trial , as senior officers insisted that he be executed " At once , as publicly as possible . " Highgate was informed of his fate at 6 . 22am on 8 September in the presence of a Church of England clergyman . An officer then ordered a burial party and a firing squad to prepare , and Highgate was shot at 7 . 07am witnessed by men from the 1st Dorset Regiment and 1st Cheshire Regiment . News of his fate was published in Army Routine Orders and distributed to the remainder of the British Expeditionary Force . Memorial . Private Highgate has no known grave , although his name is shown on the British memorial to the missing at La Ferté - sous - Jouarre , Seine - et - Marne . In 2000 , Shoreham Parish Council voted not to include his name on its war memorial . However , after a posthumous pardon , it was considered that his name might be added . The mass pardon of 306 British Empire soldiers executed for certain offences during the Great War was enacted in section 359 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 , which came into effect on royal assent on 8 November 2006 .
RAF Newmarket RAF Newmarket was an Royal Air Force station located near Newmarket , Suffolk , England , near the border with Cambridgeshire . In the 1950 ' s - 60 ' s a new camp appeared under the name RAF Newmarket on the Dullingham Road . This was a Communications Unit under Signals Command and called Eastern Communications Centre , No7909 Reserve Flight , and staffed mainly by National Service and WAAF personnel with Regular Personnel in Senior Ranks . The administration of this camp appears to be from Duxford and the Comms link appears to be linked to RAF Watton . History . The RAF station was actually a grass - strip on Newmarket ' s Rowley Mile Racecourse . The grass strip is still used by light aircraft today . 2000 aircraft crash . In June 2000 , a Piper Seneca plane crashed on take off , killing the pilot and injuring jockeys Ray Cochrane and Frankie Dettori . The plane was headed for Goodwood in Sussex . Cochrane received the Queen ' s Commendation for Bravery in 2002 for saving Dettori ' s life .
Roberts Gaigals Roberts Gaigals ( born 16 March 1913 , Twer , Russian Empire – died 15 April 1982 , Riga , Latvian SSR ) was a Waffen - Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) in the Latvian Legion during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Biography . The son of Latvian emigrants , Gaigals was born in Twer , in the Russian Empire . After 1920 , the family returned to independent Latvia , and he studied at a commercial school in Riga . In 1936 he was drafted into Latvian army , where he served in 9th Rēzekne infantry regiment . In 1937 he graduated from his training as a non - commissioned officer and was promoted to the rank of corporal . He entered the Latvian military academy in 1938 and graduated in July 1940 , when Latvia was already occupied by the Soviet Union . He was promoted to lieutenant and served in a Pioneer regiment . Gaigals was still serving as an officer in Pioneer units when the Latvian army was incorporated into the Red Army . He deserted from the Red Army after Operation Barbarossa started in 1941 . He enlisted as an officer in the Latvian Legion after the formation of that unit in 1943 . In May 1944 he was awarded the Iron cross II class ; in July he received the Iron cross I class . Waffen - Obersturmführer Gaigals was the commander of the 6th Company , 42nd Waffen Grenadier Regiment , 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian ) , when he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 5 May 1945 . After the German capitulation in the Courland pocket , Gaigals entered Soviet captivity . He was sent to the Far East , Magadan . Gaigals returned to Latvia in 1954 . He died in Riga on 15 April 1982 .
USS Thomas Hudner ( DDG - 116 ) The USS " Thomas Hudner " ( DDG - 116 ) is a planned . The $ 663 million contract to build her was awarded on 28 February 2012 to Bath Iron Works of Bath , Maine . On 7 May 2012 , Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced the ship ' s named to be " Thomas Hudner " in honor of U . S . naval aviator Thomas Hudner , who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in trying to save the life of his wingman , Ensign Jesse L . Brown , during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the Korean War . " Thomas Hudner " is to be the 66th ship of the " Arleigh Burke " class of destroyers , the first of which , , was commissioned in July 1991 . With 75 ships planned to be built in total , the class has the longest production run for any U . S . Navy surface combatant . As an " Arleigh Burke " - class ship , " Thomas Hudner " s roles included anti - aircraft , anti - submarine , and anti - surface warfare , as well as strike operations . During it long production run , the class was built in three flights — Flight I ( DDG - 51 – DDG - 71 ) , Flight II ( DDG - 72 – DDG - 78 ) , and Flight IIA ( DDG - 79 – ) . " Thomas Hudner " is to be a " Technology Insertion " ship with elements of the next generation of " Arleigh Burke " class destroyers , called Flight III , and Flight III proper is planned to start with DDG - 122 . In 2008 , the U . S . Navy decided to restart production of the " Arleigh Burke " class as orders for the were reduced from ten to three . The first three ships ( DDG - 113 — DDG - 115 ) ordered following the product decision are known as the " restart " ships , while " technology insertion " ships ( DDG - 116 — DDG - 121 ) are expected to incorporate certain elements of " Arleigh Burke " class Flight III , which in turn is planned to run from DDG - 122 onwards .
Shigehiro Hagisaki Hagisaki worked at the National Institute for Defense Studies . He was arrested on September 8 , 2000 while meeting a Russian military attaché , Captain Viktor Bogatenkov , at a Tokyo restaurant . Hagisaki then confessed to passing secret information to Bogatenkov . Bogatenkov himself cited diplomatic immunity , and left the country shortly afterwards . According to Japanese officials , Hagisaki met with Bogatenkov or other Russian agents on at least ten occasions , and gave them information on defence plans , communications , and United States military activities in Japan . The arrest came shortly after a visit to Japan by Russian leader Vladimir Putin , during which politicians of both Russia and Japan had talked of warm relations between the two countries — as such , the revelations caused considerable public outcry . When asked why he had assisted Bogatenkov , Hagisaki said that Bogatenkov had implied that he could assist with treatment for Hagisaki ' s ill son . Hagisaki also said that Bogatenkov had promised assistance obtaining historic information on the Soviet Navy which Hagisaki needed for a research project , and had been understanding of Hagisaki ' s strong religious views . Hagisaki entered a guilty plea on November 27 , 2000 . The following year , he was given a 10 - month prison sentence . He had already received a dishonorable discharge in October .
Erwin Fischer Erwin Fischer ( 14 August 1912 – 10 December 1996 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Erwin Fischer was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was released in August 1945 .
Theodore Wint Grave Theodore Wint Grave is a public artwork by an unknown artist , located at the Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington , Virginia , United States . This sculpture was surveyed in 1995 as part of the Smithsonian ' s Save Outdoor Sculpture ! program . " Theodore Wint Grave " serves as the final resting place for Brigadier General Theodore J . Wint . Description . This granite marker feature a profile bust relief of Brigadier General Theodore J . Wint in military uniform with epaulet s on the proper left shoulder . The relief is placed in an oval shape with palm frond s extending from the top and bottom . This bronze relief is placed on a tall , column like , multi - tiered unit that has a polished sphere on the top . The sphere rests on top of a rope or chain design . The rear of the base has a plaque of the Seal of Pennsylvania . The front of the base , below the relief is inscribed : One side of the base is inscribed : which is followed by five battle sites and dates . The other side of the base is inscribed : which lists his ranks and outfits below it . The bottom of the Seal is inscribed : Information . Born in Pennsylvania on March 1845 , Theodore Jonathan Wint served as Private in mounted service in 1865 . On November 24 of the same year he was appointed to the Army as Second Lieutenant of the 4th Cavalry . On May 9 , 1866 he was promoted to First Lieutenant , to Captain on April 21 , 1872 . After continuing to gain rank , his final title was Brigadier General on June 9 , 1902 . Wint served the United States Army in the American Civil War , American Indian Wars , Spanish - American War and the Philippine – American War . He also served in Cuba ( 1898 ) and China ( 1900 – 1901 ) . He was injured in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba when a Mauser bullet broke his thighbone . Theodore Jonathan Wint married Lydia Porter Bullis in 1880 . Dying in Philadelphia in March , 1907 , of heart disease , he was buried with full military honors . A train traveled from Philadelphia to Union Station and then proceeded to the cemetery . Lydia is buried nearby and died in 1913 . He was scheduled to retire in 1909 and was months away from his final promotion to Major General . Upon his death William Howard Taft , who was United States Secretary of War at the time , described him as " . . . a quiet man who did things . " Fort Wint in the Philippines was named after him as well as VFW Gen . Theodore J . Wint Post 25 in Scranton , Pennsylvania . A street at Fort Leavenworth is also named after him , Wint Avenue . Acquisition . This grave marker , located in Section 2 , was erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1908 and was fabricated by Worden Brothers Monument Manufacturing Company . Condition . This sculpture was surveyed by Save Outdoor Sculpture ! in 1995 and was described as needing treatment . In 2004 Ponsford Ltd . , a private conservation and restoration group , were commissioned to wash and wax the Wint memorial along with selected other graves by Arlington National Cemetery .
Ouvrage Les Aittes Ouvrage Les Aittes is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line . The ouvrage consists of one entry block , three infantry blocks and one observation block , about two kilometers east of Cervières , Hautes - Alpes at an altitude of . . Description . Construction of Les Aittes started in 1932 , with work continuing until 1937 , under the direction of the " Main d ' Ouevre Militaire " ( MOM ) . The " ouvrage " was excavated directly from the rock , with no concreted galleries , the longest extending from the entrance to Block 2 . In June 1940 the position was commanded by Lieutenant Renon , with 92 men . Les Aittes is presently owned by the commune of Cervières , and may be visited by arrangement .
HNoMS Svenner ( G03 ) HNoMS " Svenner " was an S - class destroyer in the service of the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy during World War II . She was launched on 1 June 1943 as the Royal Navy ship HMS " Shark " ( G03 ) , but was rechristened HNoMS " Svenner " when she was commissioned in the Norwegian Navy in 1944 . " Svenner " was sunk off Sword Beach , Normandy , at dawn on 6 June 1944 , while supporting the British Army landings . HNoMS " Svenner " was hit by two torpedoes fired from one of two German T - boats , either Jaguar or Moewe of 5th T Flotilla operating out of Le Havre , that managed to get within firing range . The " Svenner " was the only allied ship to be sunk by German Naval activity on the morning of 6 June . She was struck amidships , exploded , broke in two and sank very quickly . 32 Norwegian and one British crew were killed , 185 ( 15 wounded ) were rescued from the crew of 219 . ( The book " D - Day " by Stephen Ambrose contains a photograph , in the 16 pages of photographs after page 160 , of the moment that the " Svenner " blew up . ) The anchor from the " Svenner " was recovered in 2003 and now forms ' The Svenner Memorial ' at Sword Beach . The memorial can be found approximately 100 yards on the sea - side of the coast road at Hermanville - sur - Mer , Normandy , France .
30th Virginia Infantry The 30th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly in western Virginia , Kentucky , North Carolina , and Virginia . The 30th Virginia completed its organization at Fredericksburg , Virginia , in June , 1861 . Men of this unit were from Fredericksburg and the counties of Spotsylvania , Caroline , Stafford , and King George . It was assigned to General J . G . Walker ' s and Corse ' s Brigade , and fought with the Army of Northern Virginia from the Seven Days ' Battles to Fredericksburg . After serving with Longstreet at Suffolk , it was on detached duty in Tennessee and North Carolina . During the spring of 1864 the 30th returned to Virginia and saw action at Drewry ' s Bluff and Cold Harbor . Later it endured the hardships of the Petersburg trenches north and south of the James River and ended the war at Appomattox . It reported 1 killed and 4 wounded at Malvern Hill and 39 killed and 121 wounded in the Maryland Campaign . Many were lost at Five Forks and Sayler ' s Creek , and on April 9 , 1865 , it surrendered with 8 officers and 82 men . The field officers were Colonels R . M . Cary and Robert S . Chew , Lieutenant Colonels John M . Gouldin and Archibald T . Harrison , and Majors William S . Barton and Robert O . Peatross .
First Battle of Tucson The First Battle of Tucson was a confrontation at Tucson , Arizona on December 6 , 1779 , as part of the Apache - Mexico Wars . Captain Pedro Allande y Saabedra with a force of only fifteen men defeated an army of around 350 strong . Battle . Not much is known about the first battle at Tucson . An Apache force , which Captain Allande estimated as 350 warrior s , approached the Spanish post of Fort Tucson itself . The captain formed a command of fifteen men and engaged the enemy . The Spanish lancer s defeated the Apaches in a long running battle . Allande cut off and brought back the head of a slain chieftain and carried it on a lance as a trophy . After waving the head at the surviving Apaches they fled the battlefield , abandoning their plunder of stolen livestock . The Spaniards reportedly killed and wounded several Apache men , including a brother of Chief Quilcho . Exact numbers of casualties are unknown .
Sterling Armaments Company Sterling Armaments Company was an arms manufacturer based in Dagenham , famous for manufacturing the L2A3 ( the ' Sterling submachine gun ' ) , AR18 and SAR - 87 assault rifles and parts of Jaguar cars . The company went bankrupt in 1988 . During the Second World War , engineers George Lanchester and George William Patchett oversaw the manufacture of the Lanchester sub - machine gun . Patchett afterwards went on to design the Patchett machine carbine which , after a competitive trial in 1947 , was adopted by the British Army in 1953 as the L2A1 Sterling sub - machine gun , replacing the Sten gun . The weapon was later upgraded to the L2A3 , the highly successful Sterling Mk IV .
Roy F . Zinser Roy F . Zinser was an officer in the United States Army during World War II . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Battle of Buna - Gona . His award citation reads : " The President of the United States of America , authorized by Act of Congress , July 9 , 1918 , takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major ( Infantry ) Roy F . Zinser , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving with the 128th Infantry Regiment , 32d Infantry Division , in action against enemy forces pm 16 December 1942 , during the Papuan Campaign , near Buna , New Guinea . Lieutenant Colonel Zinser , Executive Officer of his battalion , which had suffered heavy casualties during a month of combat , voluntarily led one flank of an attack on the heavily defended enemy position at Coconut Grove , Girua Gardens . The situation in this section was critical , and the enemy ' s position was a most difficult one to storm . In the face of withering small arms and mortar fire , he led his troops in an assault against determined opposition until he was seriously wounded . Lieutenant Colonel Zinser ' s courageous leadership in this attack inspired his troops to a magnificent effort . His intrepid actions , personal bravery and zealous devotion to duty exemplify the highest traditions of the military forces of the United States and reflect great credit upon himself , the 32d Infantry Division , and the United States Army . " Zinser ' s home of record was Monroe , Wisconsin .
RAAF Base Darwin RAAF Base Darwin is a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) base located in the city of Darwin , Northern Territory . The base shares its runway with Darwin International Airport . History . Construction of the airfield began in 1938 and " RAAF Station Darwin " was established on 1 June 1940 , from elements of No . 12 Squadron RAAF . No . 13 Squadron RAAF was also created at the same time and was based at the base . Charles Eaton was the first Commanding Officer between 1940 - 1941 . No . 12 Squadron RAAF relocated from Parap Airfield , Northern Territory in April 1941 to " RAAF Station Darwin " . The base hosted a large number of RAAF and United States Army Air Forces units during World War II . The base was bombed by Japanese forces many times , beginning with two major air raids on 19 February 1942 . Units based at RAAF Darwin during World War II . During World War II RAAF Base Darwin served as a first refuge for retreating USAAF units from the Philippines in 1941 . The USAAF Far East Air Force and its subordinate commands , V Fighter and V Bomber established headquarters at Darwin in late December 1941 . Later , the USAAF 49th Fighter Group and other units were assigned to Darwin before moving north to forward bases in 1943 . From 9 August 1944 to 20 February 1945 the USAAF 380th Bombardment Group based four squadrons of long - range B - 24 Liberator bombers at the base . From Darwin , the group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for a series of long - range attacks on oil refineries , shipping , and dock facilities in Balikpapan , Borneo , in August 1943 . The unit repeatedly bombed enemy airfields in western New Guinea during April and May 1944 in support of American landings in the Hollandia area , being awarded another DUC for this action . Moved in February 1945 to Mindoro in the Philippines . In 1975 , during the aftermath of Cyclone Tracy , the base was the centre of the largest airlift in Australian history in which the majority of Darwin ' s inhabitants were evacuated . The base was an emergency landing site for the NASA Space Shuttle due to the length of its runway . United States Air Force ( USAF ) B - 1 Lancer and B - 52 Stratofortress bombers , as well as KC - 10 and KC - 135 tankers can operate from RAAF Base Darwin . Some houses near the base will require extra sound proofing to deal with the extreme sound levels of the low observable Joint Strike Fighter .