naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Empire Clarion Empire Clarion was a 7 , 031 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1942 by William Gray & Co . Ltd . , West Hartlepool for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . In 1946 she was sold and renamed Cedarpool . She served until 1959 , when she was scrapped . Description . The ship was built by William Gray & Co Ltd , West Hartlepool . She was launched on 30 June 1942 and completed in September . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 7 , 031 and a NRT of 4 , 916 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by the Central Marine Engine Works , West Hartlepool . History . " Empire Clarendon " was built for the MoWT . She was placed under the management of Sir R Ropner & Sons Ltd . Her port of registry was West Hartlepool . The Code Letters BDZD and United Kingdom Official Number 168944 were allocated . " Empire Clarion " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . Convoy UR 46 departed from Loch Ewe on 18 October 1942 and arrived at Reykjavík , Iceland on 22 October . Convoy JW 52 departed from Liverpool on 17 January 1943 and arrived at the Kola Inlet on 27 January . " Empire Clarion " was carrying the convoy ' s Commodore . Convoy RA 52 departed from the Kola Inlet on 1 March 1943 and arrived at Loch Ewe on 14 March . Convoy HX 239 departed from New York on 13 May 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 28 May . " Empire Clarion " joined the convoy from Halifax , Nova Scotia . She was carrying a cargo of grain and lorries , she was bound for Avonmouth , Somerset . In 1946 , " Empire Clarion " was sold to the Pool Shipping Co Ltd . She was renamed " Cedarpool " , remaining under Ropner ' s Management . On 21 December 1948 , she was chartered by the Australian Shipping Board . 11 December 1951 " Empire Clarion " was chartered by BHP Shipping Ltd . The charter lasted until 1955 . On 20 July 1959 , " Cedarpool " arrived at Hamburg , West Germany for scrapping .
41st Brigade Royal Field Artillery XLI Brigade , Royal Field Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Field Artillery which served in the First World War . It was originally formed with 9th , 16th and 17th Batteries , and attached to 2nd Infantry Division . In August 1914 it mobilised and was sent to the Continent with the British Expeditionary Force , where it saw service with 2nd Division until the end of the war . 47th ( Howitzer ) Battery joined the brigade in May 1916 . It took part in most of the major actions , including : 1914 - The Battle of Mons and the subsequent retreat , including the Affair of Landrecies , the Rearguard affair of Le Grand Fayt and the Rearguard actions of Villers - Cotterets ; The Battle of the Marne ; The Battle of the Aisne ; First Battle of Ypres 1915 - The Battle of Festubert ; The Battle of Loos 1916 - The Battle of Delville Wood ; The Battle of the Ancre . After the end of the Battle of the Somme in December 1916 , the artillery was reorganised , and often deployed to support different Divisions depending on need . For example , for the Battle of Vimy Ridge ( April 9 to 12 , 1917 ) , part of the opening phase of the British - led Battle of Arras , 2nd Divisional Artillery , including 41st Brigade , operated in support of 4th Canadian Division , which was responsible for the northern portion of the advance which included the capture of the highest point of the ridge followed by the heavily defended knoll known as " the Pimple " just north of the town of Givenchy - en - Gohelle .
Alfred Sully Alfred Sully ( 22 May 1821 - 27 April 1879 ) , was a military officer during the American Civil War and during the Indian Wars on the frontier . He was also a noted painter . Biography . Sully was the son of the portrait painter , Thomas Sully , of Pennsylvania . Alfred Sully graduated from West Point in 1841 . During and after the American Civil War , Sully served in the Plains States and was widely regarded as an Indian fighter . Sully , like his father , was a watercolorist Commands . Sully headed US troops out of Ft . Leavenworth , Kansas , in June 1861 as captain and occupied the city of St Joseph , Missouri , declaring martial law . Violent secessionist uprisings in the city during the early Civil War prompted Sully ' s occupation . Sully was commissioned colonel of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry on February 3 , 1862 and served in that rank until promoted to brigadier general on September 26 , 1862 . Also during the Civil War years , the Indian Wars continued in the West . General Sully was sent to command cavalry troops and played an important role in the Indian Wars , becoming known as a successful leader . On September 3 , 1863 , at Whitestone Hill , Dakota Territory , as reprisal for the Dakota Conflict of 1862 , his troops destroyed a village of some 500 tipi s that lodged Yankton , Dakota , Hunkpapa and Sihasapa Lakota . Warriors , along with women and children , were killed or captured . The troopers ' casualties were small . Marriage . Stationed at Fort Randall , South Dakota during the Minnesota Sioux Uprising , aka the Dakota War of 1862 , he met a young French - Indian girl of the Yankton Sioux tribe who reminded him of his young Mexican wife whom he had lost to cholera during an epidemic in California . This marriage made him the son - in - law of Saswe , aka François Deloria ( Saswe being the Dakota pronunciation of François ) , a powerful Yankton medicine man and chief of the " Half - Breed band " . Descendants . Sully ' s daughter , Mary Sully , was known as " Akicita Win " ( Soldier Woman ) . She became the wife of Rev . Philip Joseph Deloria , an Episcopal priest , aka Tipi Sapa ( Black Lodge ) , a leader of the Yankton / Nakota band of the Sioux Nation . Tipi Sapa is featured as one of the 98 Saints of the Ages at the National Cathedral in Washington , D . C . as the first Dakota Christian minister to his own people . Among their descendants are Vine Deloria , Jr . and Ella Deloria , noted Yankton Sioux scholars and writers .
Battle of Suriname The Battle of Suriname ( incorrectly : " Battle of Surinam " ) was a battle between the Netherlands and Great Britain for the control of the Suriname colony . The colony , which was held by a Dutch garrison , was captured on May 5 , 1804 by a British squadron under the command of Sir Samuel Hood , together with troops under Sir Charles Green .
63d Air Refueling Squadron The 63d Air Refueling Squadron ( 63 ARS ) is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron , assigned to the 927th Operations Group , stationed at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida . It is a corollary unit of the active duty 91st Air Refueling Squadron , 6th Air Mobility Wing ( 6 AMW ) . Overview . The squadron operates the KC - 135 Stratotanker aircraft conducting aerial refueling missions as the reserve associate to the 6th Air Mobility Wing . History . The 63d flew aerial transportation and casualty evacuation in the South and Southwest Pacific from , 6 August 1943 - c . August 1945 , and between Japan and Korea from , 19 May - 31 December 1952 . The squadron conducted tactical airlift operations from , 1953 – 1969 and 1971 – 1992 and trained for tactical air support missions from , 1969 - 1971 . It deployed personnel to Southwest Asia in 1990 and 1991 during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm . It has flown air refueling missions since 1992 .
Tactical ballistic missile A tactical ballistic missile is a ballistic missile designed for short - range battlefield use . Typically , range is less than . Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment , as well as carrying a variety of warheads to target enemy facilities , assembly areas , artillery , and other targets behind the front lines . Warheads can include conventional high explosive , chemical , biological , or nuclear warheads . Typically tactical nuclear weapons are limited in their total yield compared to strategic rockets . Tactical ballistic missiles fill the gap between conventional rocket artillery and longer - range theatre ballistic missile s . Tactical missiles can carry heavy payloads deep behind enemy lines in comparison to rockets or tube artillery , while having better mobility and less expense than the more strategic theatre missiles . Additionally , due to their mobility , tactical missiles are better suited to responding to developments on the battlefield . For many nations , tactical missiles represent the upper limit of their land - based military equipment . They can provide a powerful weapon for a very economical price , and in some cases are sought to help level the field against opponents who are clearly superior in other areas of military technology . Currently , ballistic missile technology is relatively accessible to nations that may find other military technology beyond easy reach . Ballistic missiles are still difficult to defeat on the battlefield . Newer air defense systems have improved ability to intercept tactical missiles , but still can not reliably protect assets against ballistic missile threats . This allows a moderate force of missiles to threaten a superior enemy by penetrating their air defenses better than with conventional aircraft , while providing a deeper strike than conventional artillery .
Alexander Picton Brereton Alexander Picton Brereton ( 13 November 1892 – 10 January 1976 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was the son of a Manitoba farmer , Cloudesley Picton Brereton and Annie Frazer Black . He married Mary Isabel McPhee on 17 Jun 1925 and had three children . He was a barber . Brereton joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in January 1916 . Action . He was 25 years old , and an acting corporal in the 8th ( Winnipeg Rifles ) Battalion , CEF during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 9 August 1918 east of Amiens , France , during an attack when a line of hostile machine - guns opened fire suddenly on his platoon which was in an exposed position with no cover Corporal Brereton realised that unless something was done , his platoon would be annihilated . On his own initiative he at once sprang forward alone and , reaching one of the enemy machine - gun posts , shot the operator of the gun and bayoneted the next one who attempted to operate it , whereupon nine others surrendered . His action inspired the platoon to charge and capture the five remaining posts . Further information . He later achieved the rank of Company Quartermaster Sergeant during World War II . He is at buried at Elnora Cemetery , Elnora , Alberta , Canada . Brereton ' s medals are on display at the Lord Ashcroft Gallery , Imperial War Museum in London .
Edward Spence Edward Spence VC ( 28 December 1830 – 17 April 1858 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Spence was 27 years old , and a private in the 42nd Regiment of Foot ( later The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ) ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 15 April 1858 during the attack on Fort Ruhya , India , Private Spence volunteered along with Lance - Corporal Alexander Thompson , to assist captain William Martin Cafe in bringing in the body of a lieutenant from the top of the glacis . His citation read : The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Black Watch Museum , Perth , Scotland .
Battle of Ningyuan The Battle of Ningyuan ( ) was a battle between the Ming Dynasty and the Manchurian Later Jin in 1626 . The Ming won this battle . This battle marked the temporary resurgence of the Imperial Ming army after a long series of defeats . Before 1626 , the Imperial Ming army had been very badly defeated by the Manchus . Part of the Imperial Ming army ' s new strategy of defense after defeat was to develop Ningyuan into a military stronghold . Yuan Chonghuan , with the support of Sun Chengzong , was seriously strengthening the defense of Ningyuan in anticipation of a Manchu attack . After Sun Chengzong was replaced by a new commander , the new commander ordered all Ming Forces outside the Great Wall to retreat inside and abandon all land outside Shanhai Pass . Yuan Chonghuan objected stronglly and was thus left to command a lone army guarding Ningyuan ( modern - day Xingcheng , Liaoning ) . In 1626 Kundulun Khan Nurhaci , seeing all Ming forces leaving , decided to advance towards Ningyuan , personally leading a force of 100 , 000 - 130 , 000 ( At least 60 , 000 ) ( Nurhaci boasted an unrealistic 200 , 000 ) . Yuan Chonghuan had only 10 , 000 men under his command . He burnt everything outside Ningyuan and wrote an essay of defiance against Jin in his own blood ; he also sent orders to guards at the Great Wall to execute any deserters from Ningyuan , thus greatly boosting City ' s morale . 20 days later , the Jin army arrived and immediately attacked the city . However , after two days of intense fighting , the citizens and soldiers of Ningyuan inflicted heavy losses on the Jin forces and Nurhaci himself was wounded by cannon fire and decided to retreat . While retreating , Yuan Chonghuan chased the other and inflicted even more losses on the Jin army . Nurhaci retreated back to Mukden and died from his wounds . His eighth son or the fourth Beilei ( lord ) Hung Taiji assumed the title of the Great Khan of the Later Jin Khanate . The Imperial Ming army adopted the same strategy of developing Jinzhou , which is further north of Ningyuan , into another military stronghold . Ningyuan became the headquarters of the Imperial Ming army with Yuan Chonghuan stationed there . Hung Taiji , like his father , was defeated in the Second Battle of Ningyuan about one year later . Then Hong Taiji plotted the death of Yuan Chonghuan . On the whole , the Manchus did not manage to break the defense of the Ningyuan garrison even after the death of Yuan Chonghuan . However , in 1644 , the Ming emperor ordered the Ningyuan garrison to give up Ningyuan and come to Beijing to fight a very strong rebel army . Before the Ningyuan garrison arrived , Beijing fell to the rebel army and the Ming emperor committed suicide . Subsequently , the Manchus defeated the rebel army and then after many more years of war conquered the whole China .
Battle of Collejares The Battle of Collejares also known as the Battle of los Collejares was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista that took place in 1406 at Collejares nearby the towns of Úbeda and Baeza in Granada , Spain . The battle was fought between the Kingdom of Castile , whose forces were commanded by Henry III of Castile , and the Emirate of Granada , whose troops were commanded by Sultan Muhammad VII . Battle . The Kingdom of Castile had signed a peace treaty with the Nasrid dynasty who controlled the Emirate of Granada . Power struggles and changes in the court of the Emirate of Granada promted them to break the cease fire . Muhammad VII , encouraged and aided by the Marinid Dynasty of Morocco , invaded the territory of Murcia . Henry III of Castile , who had completed a series of battles against Portugal , saw his opportunity to counter the Granadan threat after signing a peace treaty with the Portuguese in 1402 . One of the more famous Castilian knights that participated in this campaign was Juan de Tovar y Toledo , who was given land and title in part for his actions at Collejares . Henry III moved against Granada , the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula after centuries of Reconquista . The two armies met in the area around Collejares , localized near the towns of Úbeda and Baeza . The Castilian forces were able to rout the forces of the Emirate of Granada . Henry III would die a few months later in December of 1406 .
Serpent ' s Wall Serpent ' s Wall ( ) is an ancient system of fortifications ( valla ) that stretch across all of Ukraine , from the town of Zmiiv in the east to Podolia in the west . They seem to be similar in purpose and character to Trajan ' s Wall situated immediately to the west . The remaining ancient walls have a total length of 1 , 000 km . The ancient walls were built between the 2nd century BC and 7th century AD , according to carbon dating . There are three theories as to what peoples built the walls : either the Sarmatians against the Scythians , or the Goths of Oium against the Huns , or the Early East Slavs against the nomads of the southern steppes . In Slavic culture , the warlike nomads are often associated with the winged dragon ( Wyvern ) , hence the name .
Fokker V . 4 The Fokker V . 4 was a prototype German fighter aircraft of World War I . Inspired by the successful Sopwith Triplane , Anthony Fokker chose to create a triplane fighter . Reinhold Platz was responsible for the design . The V . 4 looked very much like the later Dr . I , but is easily recognized by the lack of interplane struts . All three wings were cantilever and the lower two wings had the same span . The rudder was balanced , but the ailerons and elevators lacked horn balances . In the past , this aircraft was given the V . 3 designation in error . Aero Historian Peter M . Grosz finally corrected the error while researching Fokker fighter developments . The V . 4 was eventually fitted with V . 5 wings and sent to Austria - Hungary for evaluation .
Renault FT - 17 Acting for the first time in May 31 , 1918 , the FT - 17 light tank ( faible Tonnage ) had about 3 , 000 units built by the end of the conflict . Continued in use in the French army until the second World War , with about 1 , 500 of them still in operation in 1940 . Description . Likewise the British , the French also faced the same problem from the trenches during the First World War . The main problem identified by the French , was not the crossing of trenches ( the problem that the British decided to cars Mk . I the Mk . V ) but the need to carry a gun along with the infantry as it advanced against the enemy . The Renault FT - 17 was a project of Louis Renault , the result of necessity that the French army had to have a mobile machine gun that could move under cover of some shielding . Although relatively small and light compared with heavy British tanks , the FT - 17 was however a 16mm frontal armor that was larger than the maximum shielding of the British tanks Mk . I Mk . V Although initially he was only equipped with a machine gun , then he was placed 37mm Hotchkiss cannon . The main feature of the FT - 17 , was placing the main armament in a tower with the capacity to rotate 360 degrees , which was a novelty for the time and that would become standard in cars of the future combat . The Renault FT - 17 tank was by far the most produced during World War I , with its production according to some sources to reach 4 , 000 units , or more than all remaining tanks allies and Germans together . But although built in large quantities and relatively inexpensive to construct the TF - 17 has always had several mechanical problems and was often fixed on the ground . French forces had not developed a support service for the battlefield to retrieve the tanks , unlike the Germans who have not developed ways to capture the tanks allies abandoned in the battlefield . The number of vehicles built was too big and he continued in production even after the end of war with upgrades . In 1944 , when the liberation of Paris , the Germans used some of these cars to fight the French militia , although even then they were authentic museum pieces .
Permanent Active Militia Permanent Active Militia ( PAM ) was the proper name of Canada ' s full - time professional land forces from the 19th century to 1940 when the Canadian Army was so designated . The PAM , also known as the Permanent Force ( PF ) , was in effect Canada ' s standing army , consisting of one regular infantry regiment and two cavalry regiments up until 1914 . The PAM did not participate directly in the First World War ; Canada ' s military contribution was the creation of a separate field force called the Canadian Expeditionary Force ( CEF ) into which volunteers ( and later conscripts ) were inducted for war service . The CEF was disbanded after the war . The Otter Committee then reorganized Canada ' s post war military , expanding the PF to three infantry regiments and creating a system of perpetuations keeping the traditions of both the pre - war military and the CEF integrated in the Canadian military . During the Second World War , the Permanent Force was renamed the Canadian Army ( Active ) ; it later became known as the Canadian Army Active Force , Canadian Army ( Regular ) , and Force Mobile Command following Unification on February 1 , 1968 . On July 8 , 2013 , by order of the Minister of National Defence , the name reverted to the Canadian Army . The counterpart to the PAM was the Non - Permanent Active Militia which existed during the same time frame , composed of part - time volunteer soldiers , and replaced in 1940 by the Canadian Army ( Reserve ) .
32nd Rifle Division ( Soviet Union ) The 32nd Rifle Division was first raised in 1934 at Vladivostok and organized as a Siberian Rifle Division . The division initially served Far Eastern Military District as part of the 39th Rifle Corps . It took part in a number of border skirmishes on the Manchurian border near Lake Khasan . By 1941 it consisted of the 17th , 113th , and 322nd Rifle Regiments and the 133rd and 154th Artillery Regiments . Operation Typhoon . While the 32nd Rifle Division was serving in the 25th Army of the Far East Military District , the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in Europe on June 22 , 1941 . The German Army Group Center in September paused near Smolensk because Hitler had ordered the capture of Kiev to secure the southern flank . This allowed the Soviets some time to prepare the defenses west of Moscow , but by the beginning of October the offensive toward the capital began again and was called Operation Typhoon by the Germans . The 32nd Rifle Division was ordered west and was rapidly transported by train to the Mozhaisk Defense Line , then manned by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko ' s 5th Army . By October 10 , the forward elements had arrived and dug in on the old Borodino battlefield , where the Russians had bled white Napoleon ' s Army in 1812 . The best the division could hope for was to delay the German advance long enough to form a new line of defense further west . The Germans attacked with two veteran divisions , the 10th Panzer Division and the 2nd SS Division Das Reich on the 32nd ' s line of defense . On October 13 the fighting began in the Yelnya area ( defended by the 17th Regiment ) . The battle continued for five more days until the exhausted Russians fell back further to the east and Mozhaisk fell on the 18th . The 32nd Rifle Division had traded its blood for time and had inflicted heavy losses on the Germans . It stayed on the frontlines through November and took part in the Battle of Moscow . Reformed as 29th Guards Rifle Division . The 32nd Division part in the battle of Moscow did not escape the notice of the Soviet high command and it was given the title 29th Guards Rifle Division and the 17th Rifle Regiment received the Order of the Red Banner . The next appearance of the division in battle was in the Ukraine in January 1944 with the 37th Army . Later that year it was moved to the Baltic area and was the first Soviet division into Riga . It ended the war as part of 10th Guards Army still in the Baltic region . Postwar , the Division was reformed as a Mechanised Division and then circa 1965 became the 144th Guards Motor Rifle Division , based in Tallinn and part of the Baltic Military District . After the fall of the Soviet Union it was withdrawn to Yelnya in the Moscow Military District and was reorganised as the 4944th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment . It was planned that in a crisis it would be capable of being brought back to up to full division strength . However by the time of the 2008 Russian military reform , it appears the unit disbanded .