naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Combat Assault Battalion Combat Assault Battalion is a mechanized battalion of the United States Marine Corps . Their primary weapon systems are the Amphibious Assault Vehicle , LAV - 25 and various engineering vehicles . CAB is a subordinate element part of the 3rd Marine Division and the III Marine Expeditionary Force . The unit is based at Camp Schwab , Okinawa , Japan . Mission . To conduct and support amphibious operations and other operations as required by landing and transporting to inland objectives the surface assault elements and their equipment , conducting close combat engineer support ; and by conducting light armored reconnaissance and limited offensive and defensive operations . When task - organized with infantry , tanks and other forces , the battalion conducts combined arms operations as a separate maneuver element in support of the 3rd Marine Division . History . World War II . Combat Assault Battalion was activated February 16 , 1942 at New River , North Carolina as the 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion , 1st Marine Division . They relocated during May 1942 to Wellington , New Zealand and participated in the following World War II campaigns : The battalion was deactivated November 17 , 1945 at San Diego , California but were again reactivated May 1 , 1946 at Camp Pendleton , California as the 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion , 1st Marine Division . Korean War . Participated in the Korean War from the Pusan Perimeter in operations from Inchon to Seoul , Chosin Reservoir , East to Central Front , and the Western Front . Following the war they participated in the defense of the Korean Demilitarized Zone from August 1953 to March 1955 . They were relocated during March 1955 to Camp McGill , Japan . Vietnam War . CAB was reassigned March 16 , 1965 to the 3rd Marine Division and relocated to Camp Hansen , Okinawa . They deployed during July 1965 to Danang , Republic of Vietnam where they were engaged in combat operations from July 1965 through July 1969 . They relocated during July 1969 to Camp Schwab , Okinawa . On April 1 , 1976 they were re - designated as the 1st Tracked Vehicle Battalion with two companies of M60A1 ( RISE Passive ) Tanks and two companies of AAV - 7 ' s . 1980s and 1990s . Re - designated November 10 , 1988 as the 1st Armored Assault Battalion . Again re - designated September 30 , 1992 as the Combat Support Group and finally became Combat Assault Battalion on October 5 . 1994 . Unit awards . A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited . Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the appropriate ribbon of the awarded unit citation . The Battalion ' s flag is decorated with the appropriate streamers . Combat Assault Battalion , and those units for which it carries lineage and honors , have been awarded the following :
Gerhard Lindner Gerhard Lindner ( 26 December 1896 – 3 June 1982 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Lindner was captured by Allied troops in May 1945 and was released in 1947 .
Friedrich - Wilhelm von Chappuis Friedrich - Wilhelm von Chappuis ( 13 September 1886 – 27 August 1942 ) was a General der Infanterie who commanded the XXXVIII . corps during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich - Wilhelm von Chappuis committed suicide on 27 August 1942 .
Lahingpaar Lahingpaar , ( ) is a very small Estonian military unit led by a soldier that is subordinate to an infantry fireteam . " Lahingpaar " is bigger than an individual soldier but smaller than a salk ( " fireteam " ) . It is also the smallest military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units . Leadership . It usually consists of two soldiers . A " lahingpaar " is composed of one fire and maneuver team which is led by the more experienced soldier in the team . Organization . One single " lahingpaar " is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other " lahingpaar ' s " on a landscale not greater than 20 x 50 metres . There are no logistical support elements in the structure of a " lahingpaar " . Other military uses . A fire and maneuver team is the smallest unit above the individual soldier . It consists of two soldiers with one soldier acting as senior of the two fighters ( decided amongst the two or their superior ) . A fireteam in turn consists of at least two fire and maneuver teams and a squad of two or more fireteams . The concept is not widely utilized . The United States and most Commonwealth armies rely on the concept of fireteams forming a squad . In the Finnish Defense Forces squad is formed by four fire and maneuver teams . According to the Swedish Army field manual , a trained fire and maneuver team is as effective as four individual soldiers of same quality . However , the efficiency of the fire and maneuver team has been challenged by many experts as it has been claimed to be insufficient in close - quarter situations where many fighting techniques have been designed for larger units .
1st Light Tank Company ( Australia ) The 1st Light Tank Company was an Australian Army armoured unit formed in 1937 equipped with the Vickers Medium Mark II medium tank . The unit was raised in November 1937 from the disbanded 1st Tank Section , with the men and equipment transferred to the unit and was based at Randwick , New South Wales . The unit was disbanded in March 1941 .
Ouvrage Col du Granon Ouvrage Col du Granon is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line . The ouvrage consists of one entry block , one infantry block and one observation block covering the Col du Granon as part of the defenses of Briançon and Grenoble . The " ouvrage " lies at an altitude of .
Naval Security Group The Naval Security Group ( NAVSECGRU ) was an organization within the United States Navy , tasked with intelligence gathering and denial of intelligence to adversaries . A large part of this is Signals Intelligence gathering , Cryptology and Information Assurance . The NAVSECGRU organization was active from March 1935 to September 2005 . In addition to being part of the Navy , NAVSECGRU was also part of the National Security Agency ' s Central Security Service . The NAVSECGRU organization was transferred to the Naval Network Warfare Command ( NETWARCOM ) where its former assets make up the Information Operations Directorate . The service cryptologic commander role was transferred to United States Tenth Fleet 29 January 2010 .
Fire in the Lake Fire in the Lake : The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam is a book written by the American journalist Frances FitzGerald and published in 1972 by both Back Bay Publishing and Little , Brown and Company . It won several literary awards including the Pulitzer Prize for General Non - Fiction , the National Book Award in Contemporary Affairs and the Bancroft Prize .
SR 88 The SR 88 ( Singapore Rifle 88 ) is an assault rifle designed and manufactured in Singapore by Chartered Industries of Singapore ( CIS , now ST Kinetics ) . Development . Following the poor production sales of the SAR 80 and with their involvement with the Sterling SAR - 87 , CIS came up with an improved design – the new SR 88 . Many of the parts and mechanisms are similar to its predecessor . Later production models were further improved with higher quality materials including a new handguard and buttstock , this version was designated the SR 88A . The SR 88A was built in two versions , the standard model and the latest carbine model which is a heavy - duty mil - spec version with a shorter barrel and a retractable butt - stock popularly called today as the " baby ultimax " because of its over - all shorter feature , function and frame similarities with the Ultimax 100 . Its magazine catch will accept a regular M16 magazine and a C - mag which is also used in M16 rifle s . Design details . It uses long piston stroke gas operated action with rotating bolt . The gas piston and gas cylinder are chromium - plated . The gas system features a three positions gas regulator - two open positions , for normal and harsh conditions , and one closed for launching of rifle grenades . The barrel is equipped with flash hider , which also serves as a rifle grenade launcher . The lower receiver is made from aluminium forging , and the upper receiver is made from stamped steel . Furniture ( stock , pistol grip , handguards ) is made from plastic materials . The standard stock is of fixed type , but the SR 88 is also available with a side - folding stock . The side - folding carrying handle is mounted at the forward end of the receiver .
Treaty of Rapallo ( 1920 ) The Treaty of Rapallo was a treaty between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed " Yugoslavia " in 1929 ) , signed to solve the dispute over some territories in the former Austrian Littoral in the upper Adriatic , and in Dalmatia . The treaty was signed on 12 November 1920 in Rapallo , near Genoa , Italy . Tension between Italy and Yugoslavia arose at the end of World War I , when the Austro - Hungarian Empire dissolved and Italy claimed the territories assigned to it by the secret London Pact of 1915 . According to the pact , signed in London on 26 April 1915 by the Kingdom of Italy and Triple Entente , in case of victory at the end of World War I , Italy was to obtain several territorial gains including former Austrian Littoral , Northern Dalmatia and notably Zadar ( Zara ) , Šibenik ( Sebenico ) , and most of the Dalmatian islands ( except Krk and Rab ) . These territories had an ethnically mixed population , with Slovenes and Croats composing over the half of the population of the region . The pact was therefore nullified with the Treaty of Versailles under pressure of President Woodrow Wilson , making void Italian claims on Northern Dalmatia . The objective of the Treaty of Rapallo was to find a compromise following the void created by the non - application of the London pact of 1915 . Content . At the conclusions of the discussions , the following territories were annexed to Italy : According to the treaty , the city of Rijeka ( known as Fiume in Italian ) would become the independent Free State of Fiume , thus ending the military occupation of Gabriele d ' Annunzio ' s troops , begun by the Impresa di Fiume and known as the Italian Regency of Carnaro . This part of the treaty was revoked in 1924 , when Italy and Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Rome , which gave Fiume to Italy and the adjacent port of Sušak to Yugoslavia . The treaty left a large number of Slovenes and Croats in Italy . According to author Paul N . Hehn , " the treaty left half a million Slavs inside Italy while only a few hundred Italians in the fledgling Yugoslav state " . Indeed , according to the 1910 Austrian census 480 , 000 South Slavs ( Slovenes and Croats ) become citizens of the Kingdom of Italy , while around 15 , 000 Italians become citizens of the new Yugoslav state ( around 13 , 000 in Dalmatia , and the rest in the island of Krk ) . According to the same census , around 25 , 000 ethnic Germans and 3 , 000 Hungarians also lived in the regions annexed to Italy with the Treaty . , while the number of Italians living in the region was between 350 , 000 and 390 , 000 .
Donald D . Pucket Donald Dale Pucket ( December 15 , 1915 – July 9 , 1944 ) was a United States Army Air Forces officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Pucket joined the Army from Boulder , Colorado in 1942 , and by July 9 , 1944 was a first lieutenant piloting bomber s with the 98th Bombardment Group . During a raid that day over Ploieşti , Romania , his airplane was badly damaged by anti - aircraft fire . He ordered his crew to abandon the craft , but three men were too frightened to parachute out . Pucket voluntarily stayed behind with the men and tried unsuccessfully to regain control of the plane . The aircraft crashed into a mountainside , killing all on board . Pucket was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor a year later , on June 23 , 1945 . In addition to the Medal of Honor , Pucket also received the Distinguished Flying Cross , three Air Medal s , and the Purple Heart . Aged 28 at his death , Pucket was buried at Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery in Saint Louis , Missouri . Medal of Honor citation . First Lieutenant Pucket ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He took part in a highly effective attack against vital oil installation in Ploesti , Rumania , on 9 July 1944 . Just after " bombs away , " the plane received heavy and direct hits from antiaircraft fire . One crewmember was instantly killed and 6 others severely wounded . The airplane was badly damaged , 2 were knocked out , the control cables cut , the oxygen system on fire , and the bomb bay flooded with gas and hydraulic fluid . Regaining control of his crippled plane , 1st Lt . Pucket turned its direction over to the copilot . He calmed the crew , administered first aid , and surveyed the damage . Finding the bomb bay doors jammed , he used the hand crank to open them to allow the gas to escape . He jettisoned all guns and equipment but the plane continued to lose altitude rapidly . Realizing that it would be impossible to reach friendly territory he ordered the crew to abandon ship . Three of the crew , uncontrollable from fright or shock , would not leave . 1st Lt . Pucket urged the others to jump . Ignoring their entreaties to follow , he refused to abandon the 3 hysterical men and was last seen fighting to regain control of the plane . A few moments later the flaming bomber crashed on a mountainside . 1st Lt . Pucket , unhesitatingly and with supreme sacrifice , gave his life in his courageous attempt to save the lives of 3 others .
Emil Haussmann Emil Haussmann ( 11 October 1910 - 31 July 1947 ) served as an SS Sturmbannführer ( Major ) ; an officer in Einsatzkommando 12 of Einsatzgruppe D . One of 24 officers indicted during the Einsatzgruppen Trial , Haussmann committed suicide before the arraignment on July 31 , 1947 - the only defendant who thus escaped being sentenced .
4th Foot Guards ( German Empire ) The 4th Foot Guards were an infantry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army . The regiment was formed in 1860 . It served with the Guards Corps in the Second Schleswig War , the Austro - Prussian war , the Franco - Prussian war , and World War I . The regiment was disbanded in June 1919 . Paul von Lettow - Vorbeck started his career in the 4th Foot Guards .
Sebastian Roberts Major - General Sir Sebastian John Lechmere Roberts KCVO OBE ( born 1954 ) was the Senior Army Representative at the Royal College of Defence Studies . Military career . Educated at Ampleforth College and Balliol College , Oxford , Roberts was commissioned into the Irish Guards in 1977 . He went on to be Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion of the Irish Guards in London and Northern Ireland . He was appointed Major - General Commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District in 2003 . He became the Senior Army Representative at the Royal College of Defence Studies in 2007 and retired in 2010 . He was also Colonel of the Irish Guards from 2008 to 2011 He was replaced by HRH The Duke of Cambridge on 10 February 2011 . He is the author of " Soldiering : The Military Covenant " ( 1998 ) . Family . He is married to Elizabeth ; they have four children .
Stasys Raštikis Stasys Raštikis ( September 13 , 1896 – May 3 , 1985 ) was a Lithuanian military officer , ultimately obtaining the rank of General of the Lithuanian Army , as well as the Minister of Defense in the Provisional Government established before the German takeover of Lithuania in 1941 . Biography . Born in Kuršėnai , Raštikis attended school in Zarasai , Lithuania . At the outbreak of World War I , he was mobilized into the Russian Army , and served on various fronts of the war . In 1918 , he returned to Lithuania and entered the Catholic Seminary in Kaunas . However , the following year , he left and enlisted in the 5th Infantry Regiment and continued his career in the newly created Lithuanian military . He was wounded during the fighting against the Russian SFSR and Poland , ( Polish - Lithuanian War ) . In 1919 , severely wounded for the second time , he was taken prisoner by the Red Army , and was only released in 1921 . After returning to Lithuania , he resumed his military career and was promoted to the rank of Major in 1928 , and rose through the ranks until he ultimately became a General . He became Chief of the Army General Staff in 1934 , and Commander - in - Chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces in 1935 . In 1938 , Raštikis became the Defense Minister in the government of Vladas Mironas . After the invasion and subsequent annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union , he fled to avoid capture to Nazi Germany . After the retreat of Soviet forces following Operation Barbarossa , he was able to return to Lithuania . In German - occupied Lithuania he participated in the Provisional Government of Lithuania as a shadow Minister of Defense until August 5 , 1941 . Later , he worked in the Lithuanian War Museum . Before the reoccupation of Lithuania by the Soviets , Raštikis again escaped to Germany and then emigrated to the United States , where he died . Originally interred in Los Angeles , his remains were returned to Kaunas in 1993 , where he was reburied in Petrašiūnai Cemetery with full military honors .
USS Sorrel ( 1864 ) USS " Sorrel " ( 1864 ) was a small 68 - ton steamer purchased by the Union Navy towards the end of the American Civil War . The Navy placed " Sorrel " in service as a Philadelphia tugboat , a role she maintained through the end of the Civil War and for a short period afterwards . Purchased at Philadelphia in 1864 . " Sorrel " — a wooden - hulled steam tug — was purchased by the Navy at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , under the name " W . S . Hancock " on 1 August 1864 from Hillman and Streaker . Service with the Navy . The small steamer apparently served as a general purpose tug at the Philadelphia Navy Yard throughout her naval career . Deactivation and sale . She was laid up in Philadelphia in the late 1870s and remained inactive until she was sold at there to A . Purvis & Son on 27 September 1883 .
Technician Fourth Grade Technician Fourth Grade ( officially abbreviated as T / 4 ) was one of three United States Army technician rank s established on January 8 , 1942 during World War II . Those who held this rank were often addressed as Sergeant , as they shared the same pay grade . Technicians possessed specialized skills which were rewarded with a higher pay grade . These skills could be directly related to combat , such as a tank driver or combat engineer , or be a support function such as a cook or mechanic . Depending on their function , they might be called upon by an officer to command a group of men in doing a specific task , they were non - commissioned officer s as were sergeants . Initially they shared the same insignia but on September 4 , 1942 , the three technician ranks were distinguished by a block " T " imprinted below the standard chevrons . Unofficial insignia using a technical specialty symbol instead of the T were used in some units .
Hou Xuan Hou Xuan was a military general serving under the warlord Han Sui during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . When Ma Chao went to raise an army against Cao Cao , Hou Xuan fought alongside his lord , Han Sui . At the time when Han Sui fell out with Ma Chao , Hou Xuan along with Han Sui both surrendered to Cao Cao .
Gennadius ( 7th century ) Gennadius ( , died c . 665 ) , sometimes referred to as Gennadius II ( his 6th - century predecessor being Gennadius I ) , was a Byzantine general who exercised the role of Exarch of Africa from 648 to 665 , when he was finally expelled . Biography . Gennadius was a Byzantine general who served under the Emperor Constans II ( r . 641 – 668 ) . He assumed the position of Exarch of Africa after the death of Gregory the Patrician at the hands of the Arabs in 647 . Although the emperor had not appointed him to the position , he managed to ensure the Arab withdrawal from Byzantine North Africa by promising them an annual tribute of 330 , 000 " nomismata " . Like his predecessors , he acknowledged the authority of Constans , and transported to Constantinople the annual excess revenue raised from the province . He nevertheless administered Africa without interference from the imperial court , supported by the African bishops who were resolutely Chalcedonian . This situation persisted until 663 when Constans moved the imperial court to Syracuse in Sicily , and demanded an increase in tribute from Africa . In 664 , Gennadius refused to send to Constans the additional revenue the emperor demanded , and expelled the emperor ’ s representative . This saw an uprising in Africa , where the garrison of troops joined with the local citizens , led by Eleutherios the Younger , to expel Gennadius in 665 . Gennadius fled to the court of Muawiyah I ( r . 661 – 680 ) at Damascus , where he asked the Caliph for aid in recapturing Carthage . The Caliph agreed and sent a large force with Gennadius to invade Byzantine Africa in 665 . However , Gennadius died when he reached Alexandria in late 665 .
Battle of Ngaundere The Battle of Ngaundere or Battle of Ngaoundéré was a small engagement fought between German and British forces on 29 July 1915 during the Kamerun campaign of World War I . It resulted in a German defeat and British occupation of the town . Background . Following the Allied victory and German surrender at the Second Battle of Garua , the commander of French and British forces in the area , General Cunliffe , was confident in pushing deeper into the German colony of Kamerun . He moved a detachment of his force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Webb - Bowen 150 miles southeast to the town of Ngaundere on the road leading from the north of the colony to the central plateau where the new German capital and concentration of military forces was . Battle . The small advance unit under the command of Captain Fowle arrived at Ngaundere on 29 June 1915 after marching through a severe storm that produced a tornado . When the main body of the unit arrived , the storm still lingered over the town . As a result , the British troops were able to surprise soldiers stationed at many of the German outposts and take them captive before any fighting occurred . At some of the outposts however , fighting did occur resulting in light casualties to the British unit . After the German force had been driven from Ngaundere , it launched a counterattack which the British repulsed . Aftermath . The expulsion of German forces from their outposts in Ngaundere meant that significant resistance in the north of Kamerun would be absent . It allowed General Cunliffe ' s columns the freedom to move further south into the central plateau of the colony . The British did pursue the German forces who had once occupied Ngaundere who withdrew to Tangere . The British took this position without a fight on 12 July and repulsed a German attempt to recapture it on 23 July . The German force withdrew once again in the direction of Tibati . However , due to heavy rains and the remaining German stronghold at Mora , Cunliffe would not continue his advance southward until October . His force arrived on 23 August to assist in the Siege of Mora which would last until the end of the campaign .