naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
BL 4 inch naval gun Mk I – VI The BL 4 - inch gun Mk I - Mk VI were a family of early British breech - loading 4 - inch naval gun s . History . 13 cwt Mk I , 15 calibres . This was the first 4 - inch BL gun . With its short ( 60 - inch total ) barrel it had a range of only 5 , 500 yards . 22 . 5 cwt Mk I , 25 calibres . With its longer barrel ( 100 inch bore ) Mk I had a range of 7 , 200 yards . Both early Mk I types were quickly withdrawn from service following the explosion of a similar BL 6 inch Mk II gun on board HMS " Cordelia " in June 1891 . Mk I 22 . 5 cwt continued to be used for training . 26 cwt Mks II - VI , 27 calibres . The improved 27 - calibres Mk II gun and subsequent Marks , often referred to as 4 inch 26 cwt , replaced the early Mk I versions in service . The longer barrel ( 108 inch bore : 27 calibres ) gave it a range of 7 , 700 yards . Mk II guns and later Marks armed the following warships : The gun was succeeded in its class from 1895 by the QF 4 inch gun Mk I . QFC 4 inch gun . A small number of these guns were converted to QF to use the same cartridges as the QF 4 in gun . They were designated Mk I / IV , I / VI etc . depending on which Mark of BL 4 - inch had been converted . All had a bore of 27 . 85 calibres after conversion , with a muzzle velocity of 2 , 177 ft / second .
Distributed operations Distributed Operations ( DO ) is a new war - fighting concept being adopted by the United States Marine Corps and is being developed by their Warfighting Laboratory as a response to the changing environment of the Global War on Terror . Adaptive enemies and a more complex environment required that conventional forces have the ability to decentralize decision making and distribute their forces . The concept is the brainchild of General James Mattis and will maximize a Marine Air Ground Task Force commander ' s ability to employ tactical units across the depth and breadth of a non - linear battlespace . Distributed Operations is a form of maneuver warfare where small , highly capable units spread across a large area of operations will create an advantage over an adversary through the deliberate use of separation and coordinated , independent tactical actions . DO units will use close combat or supporting arms to disrupt the enemy ' s access to key terrain and avenues of approach . This type of warfare will be dependent on well trained and professional small unit leaders , focused and energetic training of small units and more robust communications and tactical mobility assets for those smaller units . A greater focus will also be placed on language and cultural training .
Sazhen - S Sazhen - S ( ) is a Soviet laser / optical space surveillance system , used to analyse the orbital parameters of space craft . There are several installations across the former Soviet Union . One of which is based at space ground station NIP - 19 near Dunaivtsi in Ukraine . It is named after the sazhen , a former Russian unit of measurement which translates as fathom and has a length of . A similar system is Sazhen - T . History . A number of Sazhen - S installations were constructed at the network of scientific monitoring station s . At least two are now in Ukraine - one in Dunaivtsi and another at Yevpatoria . At least one is in Russia , and in 2004 it was reported that the Russian military was debugging interactions between the Russia installation ( s ) and the Russian Main Space Intelligence Centre Construction of the Sazhen - S facility in Dunaivtsi started in 1979 and it was commissioned in February 1984 . In 2001 upgrade work started which has continued incrementally . Facility . Sazhen - S has five parts . The main part is an AZT - 28 ( АЗТ - 28 ) telescope with a cassegrain reflector of diameter , . Connected to this there is a laser ranging system , hinged light receivers , laser calibration equipment and a system to measure angular co - ordinates by using star catalogues . Sazhen - S can measure the slant range to space craft fitted with corner reflector s which are in orbits with altitudes between and ( between low earth orbit and above geosynchronous orbit ) . It also measures the angular co - ordinate s of space craft at altitudes between and using reflected light , providing the space craft is at or above a magnitude of 13 . In addition it can measure the brightness of space craft if they are at a magnitude of 12 and above .
SM UB - 34 SM " UB - 34 " was a German Type UB II submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 22 July 1915 and launched on 5 December 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 10 June 1916 as SM " UB - 34 " . " UB - 34 " sank 31 ships in 21 patrols . They included the William Cory and Son collier SS " Hurstwood " , which " UB - 34 " torpedoed and sank in the North Sea off Whitby on 5th February 1917 . The submarine served in the Training Flotilla at the end of the war and was surrendered on 26 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany . " UB - 34 " was broken up in Canning Town in 1922 .
Polyana - D4 9S52 Polyana - D4 ASU ( ) is a Soviet / Russia n automated command and control system for air defence troops . May act as an upper level command post ( CP ) of the SAM brigade which included S - 300V as well as the 9K37 Buk complex . Developed by Scientific Research Institute of the automatisation technics of Minradioprom . Chief designer - G . A . Burlakov . Development works started under the Decisions of the Special Commission of the Presidium of the USSR Soviet Ministry on military - industrial questions dated June 29 , 1977 and August 27 , 1981 . Mass production of the system organized at the Minsk Electromechanical Plant ( currently GNPO Agat ) , but later transferred to Penza , former Minradioprom factory . In service since 1986 . Polyana - D4 is a substantial remake of 9S468M1 Polyana - D1 , development by NIIAA . Etymology of the name : " Polyana " is Russian for the " meadow " . Structure . PBU ( MP06M of Polyana - D4M ) is based on a BAZ - 6950 chassis . KShM ( MP02M of Polyana - D4M ) is based on a Ural - 375 chassis .
USS Columbus ( SSN - 762 ) USS " Columbus " ( SSN - 762 ) , a , was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for Columbus , Ohio . The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton , Connecticut on 21 March 1986 and her keel was laid down on 9 January 1991 . She was launched on 1 August 1992 sponsored by Mrs . Margaret DeMars , and commissioned on 24 July 1993 with Commander Carl M . Smeigh , Jr . in command . Operational history . " Columbus " completed a Post Shipyard Availability in June 1994 in Groton , Connecticut after initial construction and shakedown operations . In September 1994 , the ship conducted an interfleet transfer to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii and joined the U . S . Pacific Fleet Submarine Force . " Columbus " deployed to the $ 3 in late 1995 through early 1996 and conducted a variety of operations as a unit of the U . S . 7th Fleet along the way making port visits in Hong Kong , Subic Bay , Guam , and Yokosuka , Japan . " Columbus " was the first Submarine equipped with the BYG - 1 Fire Control System in December 2002 . Two successful test launches of Tactical Tomahawk ( Block IV ) cruise missiles were conducted in late May 2003 from USS " Columbus " ( SSN 762 ) , underway in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California . Columbus departed Pearl Harbor for another western Pacific deployment in late 2003 and visited Chinhae , South Korea , Singapore , and Japan while taking part in Annual - Ex 2003 ( exercise ) with various units of the Japanese Navy Defense force . Following a modernization refit at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton Washington the " Columbus " returned to Submarine Squadron Seven in Pearl Harbor and departed Pearl Harbor in March 2008 for a regularly scheduled six - month deployment . Deployed with the Seventh Fleet , " Columbus " supported national taskings and theater security cooperation efforts while making port visits in Saipan , Guam , Okinawa , Sasebo , and Yokosuka , Japan . In January 2009 " Columbus " won the Submarine Squadron 7 Battle Efficiency ( Battle " E " ) award , given to the submarine crew that best demonstrates technical proficiency and continual mission readiness throughout the year . CDR David Minyard relieved CDR Doody as Commanding Officer on 8 May 2009 . In July 2009 , the Chief of Naval Operations announced that the ship was the Pacific Fleet winner of the Calendar Year 2008 Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophy . The Columbus returned to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii in August 2012 after completing a six - month deployment that included 7th fleet and national mission taskings along with port visits to Japan , South Korea , and Guam while under the command of Cmdr . David Youtt .
Wilhelm Fahrmbacher Wilhelm Fahrmbacher ( 19 September 1888 – 27 April 1970 ) was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several corps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Wilhelm Fahrmbacher was captured by American troops in 1945 , he was handed over to French forces and held until 1950 . After his release he served as a military advisor in Egypt .
Edward S . Martin Edward or Edwin S . Martin ( 1840 – December 23 , 1901 ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1840 in Ireland , Martin immigrated to the United States and was living in Philadelphia when he joined the U . S . Navy . He served during the Civil War as a quartermaster on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he " performed his duties with skill and courage " as his ship assisted the disabled while under heavy fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor a year later on June 22 , 1865 . Martin ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Galena " during the attack on enemy forts at Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Securely lashed to the side of the " Oneida " which had suffered the loss of her steering apparatus and an explosion of her boiler from enemy fire , the " Galena " aided the stricken vessel past the enemy forts to safety . Despite heavy damage to his ship from raking enemy fire , Martin performed his duties with skill and courage throughout the action . Martin died on December 23 , 1901 , at age 60 or 61 and was buried at Cypress Hills National Cemetery in Brooklyn , New York .
Battle of Caesarea The Battle of Caesarea occurred in 1067 when the Seljuk Turks under Alp Arslan attacked Caesarea as part of the wave conquests implemented by him to expand west of Central Asia . Seljuk advance . " Main article in Seljuk dynasty " Ever since the mid 11th century , the Seljuk Turks had advanced from their lands in Central Asia ( the exact whereabouts is still debated ) into the Middle East , where they met limited opposition , due to the continuing decline of the unity of the Arab factions in the region , and the declining power of the Abbasid caliphate . By the mid 11th century , the Seljuk Turks had deposed the current Abbasid caliphate , with the leader of the Seljuk Turks taking the title for himself . Their expansion into the Middle East brought them to the borders of Antioch and Armenia which were under the control of the Byzantine Empire . Battle . The Byzantine Empire had steadily increased in power , with a large force capable of being assembled from their successful tagmata army . Despite this , the Byzantine empire seemed not to have been prepared for this danger , since Seljuk raids had been occurring across Armenia and Caesarea was stormed by the Seljuks in 1067 . A Byzantine counter - attack was launched from Antioch . The Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV in 1071 had sent an army to Manzikert near Armenia to recapture it after it had fallen to Alp Arslan . Since the Seljuk Turks had abandoned Manzikert prior to the Battle of Manzikert and had even been driven into Mesopotamia , it is likely that Caesarea was abandoned too , else the Seljuk would have found themselves out - flankled , something that a steppe peoples such as the Seljuk Turks are known to skillfully avoid . Legacy . The battle woke the Byzantine empire to the threat of the Seljuk Turks . Though Caesarea was most likely re - captured , no doubt the Seljuk Turks had developed a taste for the lands of the Byzantine Empire . Following Caesarea , the Seljuk Turks made another attempt invading Anatolia , with an assault on Iconium in 1069 . The Byzantines launched another counter - attack and the city was not taken by the Seljuks until after the Battle of Manzikert .
HMAS Bayonet ( P 101 ) HMAS " Bayonet " ( P 101 ) was an " Attack " class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Design and construction . The " Attack " class was ordered in 1964 to operate in Australian waters as patrol boat s ( based on lessons learned through using the Ton class minesweeper s on patrols of Borneo during the Indonesia - Malaysia Confrontation , and to replace a variety of old patrol , search - and - rescue , and general - purpose craft . Initially , nine were ordered for the RAN , with another five for Papua New Guinea ' s Australian - run coastal security force , although another six ships were ordered to bring the class to twenty vessels . The patrol boats had a displacement of 100 tons at standard load and 146 tons at full load , were in length overall , had a beam of , and draughts of at standard load , and at full load . Propulsion machinery consisted of two 16 - cylinder Paxman YJCM diesel engines , which supplied to the two propellers . The vessels could achieve a top speed of , and had a range of at . The ship ' s company consisted of three officers and sixteen sailors . Main armament was a bow - mounted Bofors 40 mm gun , supplemented by two . 50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns and various small arms . The ships were designed with as many commercial components as possible : the " Attack " s were to operate in remote regions of Australia and New Guinea , and a town ' s hardware store would be more accessible than home base in a mechanical emergency . " Bayonet " was laid down by Walkers Limited at Maryborough , Queensland in October 1968 , launched on 6 November 1968 , and commissioned on 22 February 1969 . Operational history . " Bayonet " was transferred to the Melbourne Port Division of the Royal Australian Naval Reserve on 27 March 1982 . Fate . " Bayonet " paid off on 26 June 1988 . She was scuttled on 21 September 1999 , sinking off Mornington Peninsula in Bass Strait .
Andrew Lewis ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Andrew Mackenzie Lewis KCB JP ( 1918 – 1993 ) was Commander - in - Chief Naval Home Command . Naval career . Lewis joined the Royal Navy and fought in World War II being mentioned in despatches for his service in HMS " Ashanti " . He was appointed Director - General , Weapons ( Naval ) at the Ministry of Defence in 1965 and Flag Officer , Flotillas for the Western Fleet in 1968 . He went on to be Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1970 and Commander - in - Chief Naval Home Command in 1972 ; he retired in 1974 . In retirement he became Chairman of the Essex Water Company , later Essex and Suffolk Water Company . Between 1976 and 1977 he was Chairman of the Royal Navy Club of 1765 & 1785 ( United 1889 ) . Lewis was also Lord Lieutenant of Essex from 1978 to 1992 . He died in 1993 . Family . In 1943 he married Rachel Elizabeth Leatham ( died 1983 ) : their elder son is the Very Reverend Christopher Lewis , Dean of Christ Church , Oxford , and their younger son , David , is a shipbroker .
Tây Vinh Massacre The Bình An / Tây Vinh massacre ( ) was a series of massacres conducted by the ROK Capital Division of the South Korean Army between February 12 , 1966 and March 17 , 1966 of 1 , 200 unarmed citizens in Bình An village , today Tây Vinh village , Tay Son District of Binh Dinh Province in South Vietnam . During the operation , the Capital Division assaulted 15 hamlets in Tay Vinh village . In the one hamlet , the ROK soldiers rounded up and shot 68 villagers . Only 3 villagers survived . The Capital Division conducted a similar massacre in Binh An village on 26 February 1966 .
USS Proteus ( AC - 9 ) The collier USS " Proteus " ( AC - 9 ) was laid down on 31 October 1911 , by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company , and launched on 14 September 1912 . With the threat of war looming , she was commissioned on 9 July 1913 , to the United States Navy , Master Robert J . Easton , Naval Auxiliary Service , in command . Service history . Following her fitting out and shakedown , " Proteus " steamed out of Norfolk , Virginia on 11 November 1913 , on the first of four runs to Vera Cruz to coal battleship s and cruiser s of the Atlantic Fleet off Mexico . On 17 December 1914 , " Proteus " left Hampton Roads carrying men , fuel , and stores to the Philippines . She completed the final of four such runs on 4 August of that year . Sailing again from Norfolk on 25 September 1914 , " Proteus " supplied coal , oil , men and stores for ships of the Atlantic Fleet at Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transport Service , she operated between Norfolk , Boston and New York City for the next several years . " Proteus " set forth from New York on 14 July 1918 , for the British Isles , returning to Hampton Roads on 19 September . She left again on Christmas Eve of 1918 for Brest , France , and spent the next six months shipping coal from Cardiff and Barry , Wales , to Brest . " Proteus " returned to Norfolk on 6 August 1919 , and during the greater part of the next three years cruised from Norfolk to replenish the Fleet in the Caribbean . In the aftermath of World War I , " Proteus " cruised from Norfolk to replenish the U . S . Fleet in the Caribbean . Crossing the Panama Canal four times , she delivered fuel and stores to Pearl Harbor in 1920 , and to Callao , Peru in 1921 . Her last supply run to the Caribbean ended at Hampton Roads on 12 April 1923 . " Proteus " spent the remainder of her career in operations between Norfolk and Melville , Rhode Island . She decommissioned at Norfolk on 25 March 1924 and remained inactive until her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 5 December 1940 . She was sold to Saguenay Terminals Ltd . of Montreal , Quebec on 8 March 1941 . Loss at sea . " Proteus " was lost at sea to an unknown cause sometime after 23 November 1941 . There are no German U - boat claims for this vessel . One outlandish theory is that the vessel ' s disappearance can be attributed to the Bermuda Triangle . A memorial listing of her crew can be found at the CWGC Halifax Memorial . A Canadian website suggests " Proteus " s possible fate . Two of " Proteus " s three sister - ships , and , also vanished without a trace in the Bermuda Triangle area while doing similar duty during World War I and World War II , respectively . Her third sister - ship , , was converted into the very first U . S aircraft carrier and renamed . External links .
Hořovice Castle Hořovice Castle is a castle located in the town of Hořovice , Bohemia , Czech Republic . It was built in two parts . In the first half of the 19th century by Friedrich Wilhelm I of Hesse , following plans of the architect G . Engelhardt , a major rebuilding took place , adding another story to the building . Its final appearance is due to more refurbishings at the beginning of the 20th century , with the furniture of the rooms being carried out in late classicist style .
Alex Bath MacDonald Lieutenant Colonel Alex Bath ' Bandy ' MacDonald ( 13 April 1898 – 12 May 1981 ) was an Australian Army officer . Family and education . MacDonald was born in Walcha , New South Wales , son of Emily ( née Bath ) and Alexander Mark MacDonald . He was educated at Newington College from 1913 until 1916 . Military service . MacDonald served during World War II and commanded the Jungle Training Centre and Darwin Mobile Force . At war ' s end he became Director of the Australian Cadet Corps and then was senior Australian military observer with the United Nations Commission for Indonesia . His portrait is held by the Australian War Memorial .
Isaac N . Fry Isaac N . Fry ( 1839 – 1900 ) was a sergeant in the U . S . Marine Corps during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Fry volunteered for service in the U . S . Marine Corps in 1862 and was assigned to the Union sloop - of - war . His enlistment is credited to the state of Pennsylvania . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Sgt . Fry was a member of the storming party . Medal of Honor citation . “ The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Orderly Sergeant Isaac N . Fry , United States Marine Corps , for extraordinary heroism in action on board the U . S . S . TICONDEROGA during attacks on Fort Fisher , 13 to 15 January 1865 . As orderly sergeant of Marine guard , and captain of a gun , Orderly Sergeant Fry performed his duties with skill and courage as the TICONDEROGA maintained a well - placed fire upon the batteries to the left of the palisades during the initial phases of the three - day battle , and thereafter , as she considerably lessened the firing power of guns on the mount which had been turned upon our assaulting columns . During this action the flag was planted on one of the strongest fortifications possessed by the rebels . ” General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : January 15 , 1865 Service : Marine Corps Rank : Orderly Sergeant Division : U . S . S . Ticonderoga
Zoran Stanković Zoran Stanković ( ; born 9 November 1954 ) is a Serbian politician . He served as the Minister of Defence in the Government of Serbia and the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro and Minister of Health in the Government of Serbia . Education and background . Zoran Stanković was born in the village of Tegovište , Vladičin Han , Yugoslavia . He graduated from the Medicine Faculty at the University of Niš . He finished his Postgraduate Medicine studies at Military Medical Academy in 1997 . He worked as a coroner doctor and became the head manager of Military Medical Academy in 2002 . He held this position until 2005 when he was elected to replace Prvoslav Davinić as the new Defense Minister .
Cluilian trench The Cluilian trench ( ) was a huge military trench that surrounded ancient Rome about four to five miles outside the city made by the army of Alba Longa during the war between Alba Longa and Rome in the middle of the seventh century BC . It was named after the Alban king , Gaius Cluilius . Livy ( Book 2 ) speaks of the " Cluilian Trenches " again in a battle that took place in the fifth century BC . Here he records Gaius Marcius Coriolanus making use of the Cluilian trenches . He writes that Marcius marched to Circeii and expelled from there the Roman colonists , delivering that city to the Volscians . From there he deprived the Romans of their recently acquired towns of Satricum , Longula , Polusca , Corioli , and Lavinium . Marcius then took Corbio , Vitellia , Trebia , Lavici , and Pedum . Lastly he marched from Pedum to Rome and pitched his camp five miles outside the city at the Cluilian trenches . Plutarch in his " Lives of the noble Grecians and Romans " also speaks of these as the " Cluilian ditches " and describes the same battles of Gaius Marcius taking these towns and the siege of Lavinium . He records Marcius marching furiously towards Rome and encamped at a place five miles outside the city called the Cluilian ditches .