naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Great Siberian Ice March The Great Siberian Ice march ( Russian : Великий Сибирский Ледяной поход , " Velikiy Sibirskiy Ledyanoy pokhod " ) was the winter retreat of Vladimir Kappel ' s White Russian Army in the course of the Russian Civil War in January – February 1920 . After Admiral Kolchak ' s White Russian Army retreated from Tomsk and Omsk and fled eastward along the Trans - Siberian Railway , they came to a halt on the shore of Lake Baikal near Irkutsk . With the Red Army in hot pursuit , the White Army had to escape southward to China across the frozen Lake Baikal in sub - zero temperatures . About 30 , 000 White Army soldiers , their families and all their possessions as well as the Tsar ' s gold , made their way across the lake to Transbaikalia . The bloodiest campaign battles occurred at the villages of Yakovlevka , Birulka , and Gruznovskaya , as well as the city of Barguzin . As the Arctic winds blew unobstructed across the lake , many in the army and their families froze to death . Their bodies remained frozen on the lake in a kind of tableau throughout the winter of 1919 – 20 . With the advent of spring , the frozen corpses and all their possessions disappeared in 5 , 000 feet of water . Kappel himself was struck by frostbite and pneumonia while leading his survivors along a frozen river in temperatures of - 40 °C ; he died on 26 January .
Heavy weapons platoon Heavy weapons platoon is a term from military science which refers to an infantry platoon equipped with machine gun s , mortar s , rocket - propelled grenade s , flamethrower s , grenade - launcher s , anti - tank weapon s , and / or other portable crew - served weapon s . U . S . Army regulations . According to U . S . Army regulations 320 - 5 ( AR 320 - 5 ) " heavy weapons " are all " weapons such as mortars , howitzers , guns , heavy machineguns and recoilless rifles which are usually part of infantry equipment . " Size . As with most support units in any army , the size of a weapons platoon is generally smaller than that of its light infantry equivalent . For example , a typical light infantry platoon consists of 30 to 40 men divided in three or four squads ( or sections ) of 9 – 13 men , whereas a weapons platoon substitutes the squads with smaller groups for mortar teams , machine gun crews , anti - tank teams etc . Some platoons also include the assault element of a company . A company ' s weapons platoon will carry portable support weapons by sections , but also include a fast - attack light - infantry specialist squad of soldiers trained for breaching , raiding , and close combat . A heavy weapon platoon is generally used as a support group to a number of other platoons in the immediate command area / zone in question . A ratio of one heavy platoon to three basic infantry platoons is the accepted number , anything above or below this may result in a specialised " company " such as a rifle company , or a long - range support company . The addition of a HWP ( heavy weapons platoon ) can greatly increase the chances of victory in a combat zone , due to the unique specialist abilities the soldiers in that group can offer to the company . In more modern times , the application of heavy weapon support groups has increased . The ability to provide covering fire , and the suppression tactics of the heavy platoon mean that it is better equipped to give cover , and forms a vital component to the overall success , supporting the bulk of the company as they advance . The advancement in troop transportation has lessened the problems of re - locating heavy weaponry and large quantities of ammunition .
11th Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery The 11th Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery , was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 11th Independent Battery was mustered into service at Madison , Wisconsin on February 22 , 1862 . Later in the month it was transferred to Illinois service as Battery " L , " 1st Illinois Light Artillery . Total strength and casualties . The 11th Independent Battery initially recruited 87 officers and men . An additional 8 men were recruited as replacements , for a total of 95 men . The battery suffered 3 enlisted men killed in action or died of their wounds and 2 enlisted men who died of disease or accident , for a total of 5 fatalities .
RAF Windrush RAF Windrush was a Royal Air Force station near Windrush , Gloucestershire . It was opened in 1940 and closed on 12 July 1945 . Initially it was a Relief Landing Ground for RAF Chipping Norton , later coming under the control of RAF Little Rissington . History . The airfield consisted of two Sommerfeld Tracking runways , a concrete perimeter track , 1 T1 building and 8 Blister Hangars . Most of this infrastructure was added in 1942 . Some of the original buildings remain in situ though the site has been returned to agricultural use . The control tower has been preserved . Memorial . A memorial at the church in Windrush village describes Sgt Pilot Bruce Hancock RAFVR who died on 18 August 1940 when downing a German Heinkel bomber by ramming it with his unarmed training Avro Anson aircraft . Post war . Following closure in 1945 the airfield remained active with a local flying club and for parachuting until 1997 .
Henry de Bohun Sir Henry de Bohun ( died 23 June 1314 ) was an English knight , the nephew of Humphrey de Bohun , Earl of Hereford . He was killed on the first day of the Battle of Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce . Riding in the vanguard of heavy cavalry , de Bohun caught sight of the Scottish king who was mounted on a small palfrey " ( ane gay palfray Li till and joly ) " armed only with a battle - axe . De Bohun lowered his lance and charged , but Bruce stood his ground . At the last moment Bruce manoeuvred his mount nimbly to one side , stood up in his stirrups and hit de Bohun so hard with his axe that he split his helmet and head in two . Despite the great risk the King had taken , he merely expressed regret that he had broken the shaft of his favourite axe . An iconic description and picture of the death of Henry de Bohun is contained in " Scotland ' s Story " by H . E . Marshall .
Daeryeong Daeryeong ( sometimes spelled as " taeryong " ) is a Korean military rank used by the armed forces of South Korea . The rank is denoted by three large starbursts worn as a collar insignia . The rank is uniform throughout the Korean Army , Air force , and Navy . The equivalent rank is most western militaries is colonel , with captain being the equivalent naval rank .
Battle of Ulai The Battle of the Ulai River , in 652 BC , during the reign of Ashurbanipal was an Assyrian assault on Elam , which was a Babylonian ally , and was apparently motivated by a desire to protect vital trade caravans of horses and metals from the mountains of Iran and Eastern Anatolia . The Elamite Army was decisively defeated , leading to the complete destruction of Elam shortly thereafter . Reference : IRAN : Historical Introduction
Gary Wilcox Warrant Officer Gary Wilcox is the Chief of the Air Staff ' s Warrant Officer and is therefore the senior Other Ranks in the Royal Air Force . Military career . Wilcox entered training at RAF Halton as an apprentice in October 1974 , as part of entry number 124 . During his training he represented the RAF in football and athletics . His first posting after graduation was to RAF Scampton to work on Vulcan bomber s . In 1978 , he was promoted to Corporal and attained a Higher National Certificate in Mechanical Engineering . He was promoted to Sergeant in 1981 and posted to No . 33 Squadron , RAF Odiham . From here he was detached to Belize , Northern Ireland , Portugal , Turkey and Norway . While posted to Norway he was injured in a crash while flying in a Gazelle . In 1983 , he was posted to No . 230 Squadron , RAF Gütersloh , Germany . In 1986 he was promoted to Chief Technician and posted to 1 Air Maintenance Squadron at RAF Abingdon where he worked on Jaguars . Personal life . Wilcox ' s wife , Sheena , is a Career Guidance Resettlement Consultant for the British military . They have a teenage daughter called Freya .
2nd Battalion 1st Marines 2nd Battalion , 1st Marines ( 2 / 1 ) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , California . Nicknamed " The Professionals , " the battalion consists of approximately 1000 Marines and Sailors . Normally they fall under the command of 1st Marine Regiment and the 1st Marine Division . History . Global War on Terrorism . As part of the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit , the battalion deployed to Kuwait in February 2003 , and participated in the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 . The battalion deployed in March 2004 , to Fallujah , Iraq and took part in Operation Vigilant Resolve . They returned to Iraq in 2005 with the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit and engaged in combat operations during Operation Steel Curtain in Husaybah , Karabilah , and New Ubaydi , and Operation Iron Hammer in Hit . The battalion deployed to Okinawa to serve as the Ground Combat Unit for the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit from January 1 , 2007 until January 1 , 2008 . The battalion deployed to Iraq in January 2009 and returned in August of the same year . The battalion deployed to Afghanistan in October 2010 through May 15 , 2011 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom . They operated in the Garmsir District , Helmand Province . As of June 2012 the battalion has returned to Okinawa as the Ground Combat Element for the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit . Unit awards . A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited . Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation . 2 / 1 has been presented with the following awards :
HNLMS Tijgerhaai ( P336 ) HNLMS " Tijgerhaai " ( P336 ) was a of the Royal Netherlands Navy during and after World War II . She was originally ordered as HMS " Tarn " ( P326 ) , a British T - class submarine , built by Vickers Armstrong , Barrow , but never saw service under that name . She would have been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name " Tarn " . Career . The submarine was laid down on the 12th of June 1943 , and launched on 29 November 1944 . She was not commissioned into the Royal Navy , instead being transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy and commissioned into service on 28 March 1945 . She was renamed " Tijgerhaai " . " Tijgerhaai " was commissioned as the war was drawing to a close and spent much of 1945 undergoing trials . She had a relatively quiet career , of note being the fact that she was tied up inboard of HMS " Sidon " when " Sidon " suffered a torpedo malfunction and sank . On 19 October 1955 , she ran aground in Weymouth Bay , and had to be pulled off by tugs . She was decommissioned on 11 December 1964 and was sold to be broken up for scrap on 5 November 1965 .
1st Commonwealth Division The 1st Commonwealth Division was the name given , after July 1951 , to Commonwealth land forces in the Korean War . The division was a multinational unit that was part of British Commonwealth Forces Korea , and whilst British and Canadian Army units formed the bulk of the division , Australian infantry , New Zealand artillery and an Indian medical unit were also a part of the division . As with the US " KATUSA " programme , numerous South Korean troops were seconded to the Commonwealth division to make up numbers under a programme known as " KATCOM " . The unit was preceded by the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade , which was the initial parent formation of Commonwealth army units in Korea , and which arrived in Korea in August 1950 . Its two British Infantry battalions were joined by the 3rd Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment ( 3 RAR ) in September , and by the 2nd Battalion , Princess Patricia ' s Canadian Light Infantry ( PPCLI ) , in February 1951 . The brigade was subsequently re - constituted as 28th Commonwealth Brigade in April 1951 . In November 1950 the brigade was joined by 29th Independent Infantry Brigade , and in May 1951 by 25th Canadian Infantry Brigade . In July 1951 these units were combined to form 1st Commonwealth Division . The Division was made up of 58 % British forces , 22 % Canadian forces , 14 % Australian forces , 5 % New Zealander forces , and 1 % Indian forces . The 1st Commonwealth Division was part of the US I Corps , which also included the US 1st Cavalry Division , the US 3rd and 25th Infantry Divisions , and the ROK 1st Division . The division occupied the strategically important sector of front on the Jamestown Line , stretching from the Kimpo peninsula on the Yellow Sea coast to a point east of Kumhwa about , and just from the South Korean capital , Seoul . It was deactivated in 1954 as part of the demobilisation of forces in Korea in the aftermath of the war , being reduced to a Commonwealth Brigade Group , and from May 1956 until its final withdrawal in August 1957 to a Commonwealth Contingent of battalion strength .
470th Tactical Fighter Squadron The 470th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 506th Tactical Fighter Wing , based at Tinker Air Force Base , Oklaholma . It was inactivated on 1 April 1959 . History . Established in 1957 as an F - 100 Super Sabre training unit for the 506th Fighter Day Wing . It was inactivated on 1 April 1959 due to budget constraints .
Brother against brother " Brother against brother " is a slogan used in histories of the American Civil War , describing the predicament faced in families ( primarily , but not exclusively , residents of border states ) in which loyalties and military service were divided between the Union and the Confederacy . There are a number of stories of brothers fighting in the same battles on opposite sides , or even of brothers killing brothers over the issues . The term " Brother Against Brother " is also the name of a popular rules set for miniature wargaming recreations of Civil War skirmishes .
Southern Operational Command The Southern Command Operations ( PivdOK ) is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces in the southern part of Ukraine , which was formed in January 1998 on the basis of the Odessa Military District . The Southern OK covers 9 oblasts and autonomous republics : Odessa , Kirovohrad , Mykolaiv , Kherson , Dnipropetrovsk , Zaporizhzhya , Kharkiv , Luhansk , Donetsk oblasts and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea . By 1 July 2006 , the Southern Operational Command included 6th Army Corps ( 6 AK ) and other units comprising : Exercises that command units have taken part in include " Autumn - 98 " , " reaction " , " Southern redoubt - 99 " , " Redoubt - 2000 " , including peacekeeping – series of " Peace Shield " , " Cossack Steppe , " " common neighborhood " , " Sea Breeze " , " Fairway of Peace , " " South , " " cooperative partner " joint exercises with units of the armed forces of France and Italy . Leaders . Colonel General Volodymyr Shkidchenko commanded the Odessa Military District from December 1993 until it became the Southern Operational Command in February 1998 .
John Casimir Ehrnrooth Johan Casimir Gustavovich Ehrnrooth ( also Ernrot or Ehrnroth ; 1833 – 1913 ) was a Swedish - speaking Finnish soldier in the service of Imperial Russia , who also acted as Prime Minister of Bulgaria . Ehrnrooth was born to an affluent noble family in the Seesta mansion in Nastola , Finland . In 1856 , he graduated from the Imperial Military Academy in Saint Petersburg and enlisted in the Imperial Russian Army . Ehrnrooth first came to prominence when he played a leading role in suppressing the resistance of Imam Shamil and the Avars in 1859 . At the time a Major in the Russian Army , Ehrnrooth continued to rise through the ranks in campaigns against Polish rebels and fighting to remove the Ottoman Turks from Bulgaria . Following the Independence of Bulgaria Ehrnrooth was chosen by Russia to look after the interests of Alexander of Bulgaria , becoming Minister of War on 17 April 1880 . Ehrnrooth became the strongman of the government , and became Prime Minister on 9 May 1881 whilst Alexander finalised his plans to assume full control of the country . Ehrnrooth became the strongest supporter of Alexander during this period , although he was forced to leave Bulgaria when the experiment floundered . After his return to Russia Ehrnrooth became the Minister - Secretary of State for Finnish Affairs , although the job , which involved drives towards Russification , did not suit the Finn . He retired in the 1890s and died of a stroke in Helsinki at the age of 79 . Although he had no children both Finnish World War II colonel and later general Adolf Ehrnrooth and former chairman of Nokia and Kymmene Corporation Casimir Ehrnrooth are from his family line .
Central Command ( Israel ) The Israeli Central Command ( , " Pikud Merkaz " ) , often abbreviated to Pakmaz ( פקמ " ז ) , is a regional command of the Israel Defense Forces . It is responsible for the units and brigade s located in the West Bank ( under the West Bank Division ) , Jerusalem , the Sharon , Gush Dan , and the Shephelah . The commander ( Aluf ) of the central command is the one who is authorized to declare new cities in the Judea and Samaria Area . History . During the 1948 Arab - Israeli War , the Central Command was in - charge of the war efforts against Jordan , particularly on the road to Jerusalem , occupying the " Small Triangle " ( east Sharon ) , Lod , and Ramla . During the Six - Day War , the Command led the occupation of the West Bank from Jordan . As of the First Intifada , the Command primarily engages in security and counter - terrorism activities , as well as more conventional military measures , in the West Bank . Towards the end of 2010 the deployment of IDF troops in and around the West Bank reached a new quantitative low with only six infantry battalions serving where " dozens " were required during the first Intefada . Commanders . All commanders of the Central Command were ranked Aluf ( Major General ) .
Franz Beyer ( pilot ) Franz Beyer ( 22 April 1918 – 11 February 1944 ) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Franz Beyer was killed on 11 February near Venlo , the Netherlands after dog - fighting with British Spitfires . During his career he was credited with 81 aerial victories , 4 on the Western Front and 77 on the Eastern Front .
Marine Corps Installations Pacific Marine Corps Installations Pacific ( MCIPAC ) is the single , regional authority for accountability of regional installation management resources and services within the Pacific area of operations . MCIPAC was established to increase regional installation management effectiveness . MCIPAC implements policies , develops regional strategies and plans , priortizes resources , and provides services , direction , and oversight to all Marine Corps installations in Japan , the Republic of Korea , and Hawaii . MCIPAC includes approximately 2 , 600 service members , 1 , 200 civilian employees , and more than 3 , 500 Japanese and Korean workers in the Pacific Region . Whether participating in operation s or training exercises , MCIPAC supports units before , during , and after each deployment . The command is responsible for ensuring installations provide a number of services like training areas , work facilities , utilities and housing . MCIPAC remains committed to enhancing operational readiness , from the individual service member to every echelon of the Marine Air Ground Task Force , while at the same time , cooperating , coordinating and communicating with our regional communities , partners , and allies . MCIPAC regularly engages in bilateral planning to ensure strong , long - term and mutually beneficial partnerships with our neighbors in the region . These continually developing relationships define MCIPAC ' s community relations effort . Mission . Marine Corps Installations Pacific is commanded by a major general , with its headquarters residing aboard Camp Foster . Its mission is to provide the operating forces and tenant commands with the highest quality of continuous , effective service and support to meet present and future operating force requirements .
AS . 34 Kormoran The AS . 34 Kormoran is a German - produced Anti - ship missile . The Kormoran ( cormorant ) uses an inertial guidance system for the midcourse phase , switching to active radar homing during the terminal attack phase . It carries a 165 kg ( 363 lb ) delay - fused warhead , designed for 90mm of penetration prior to detonation . The maximum range is 23 km ( ~ 14 miles ) . Development of the Kormoran started in 1962 , being taken over by Messerschmitt - Bolkow - Blohm ( now a part of EADS ) in 1967 . The missile was originally designed for anti - shipping roles in coastal waters , although it retains a secondary land - attack capability as well . It is currently deployed on the Panavia Tornado . 350 Kormoran 1s were produced . The AS . 34 Kormoran 2 is an improved version of the AS . 34 Kormoran 1 . Development was started in 1983 , with first flight and firing trials taking place in early 1986 . The missile features an improved warhead , all - digital electronics , improved active radar seeker , increased ECM - resistance , a stronger booster rocket , a longer range , improved automated target selection , multiple launch capability , and an increased resistance to countermeasures . While still using the same basic airframe as Kormoran 1 , the Kormoran 2 has a greater range of 35 km ( 21 . 7 miles ) and a heavier 220 kg ( 485 lb ) warhead . Testing ended in 1987 , and the missile entered service with the German Navy in 1991 . Approximately 140 missiles were produced for Germany . The missile is now in service with the German Luftwaffe and Italian Air Force .
United States military aero engine designations The United States military aero engine designation system was introduced in 1926 , originally for piston engines it was expanded in the 1947 to include a separate system for turbine and rocket engines . Piston engines . A piston engine designation has three separate elements , a type prefix , a number representing engine displacement and a model number . Some early engines had the type letter prefixed by a modification letter Letters were used between 1926 and 1933 then suffixes were numerals with odd number for Army and later Air Force engines and even numbers for Navy engines . After 1943 the letters AN were included to indicate the engine met both Army / Air Force and Navy requirements . Some engines fitted with water - injected engines had the W added to the suffix . For example the Curtiss V - 1150 - 1 is a Vee - type engine with a displacement of 1150 cubic inches and is an Army model . Turbine engines . A turbine engine designation consists of four separate elements in the format TSS - MM - NN where T is the type letter , SS is the sequence number , MM is the manufacturer designation ( one or two characters ) , and NN is the model number : The prefixes X for experimental and Y for service test are used . For example the J79 - GE - 10 is a Turbojet built by General Electric and is a Navy model . Rocket engines . Have a similar system to turbine engines but use three basic types : The prefixes X for experimental and Y for service test are used .