naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Alpenveilchen During World War II , Operation Alpine Violet ( ) was a proposed German operation designed to help the Italians in 1941 break out of their Albanian colony and into Greece . This operation was never executed . In October 1940 , the Italians invaded Greece without German help and were quickly driven back by the Greeks into retreat and into Albania . An Italian " Spring Offensive " in March 1941 made little progress and proved very costly for the few gains made . In April 1941 , the Germans launched Operation Marita ( " Unternehmen Marita " ) and the Italians in Albania were ultimately able to take advantage of German attacks elsewhere . By mid - April , the Greek forces in Albania were withdrawing . On 22 April , the 4th Bersaglieri Regiment crossed back into Greece .
Hornby Castle , Yorkshire Hornby Castle , Yorkshire is a grade I listed fortified manor house on the edge of Wensleydale between Bedale and Leyburn . Originally 14th century , it has been remodelled in the 15th , 18th and 20th centuries . It is constructed of coursed sandstone rubble with lead and stone slate roofs . The present building is the south range of a larger complex , the rest of which has been demolished . History . At the end of the 14th century Hornby castle belonged to the St Quintin family , until heiress Margaret Quintin married John Conyers ( died 1422 ) . It was largely rebuilt in the fifteenth century by William Conyers , 1st Baron Conyers , but retained the fourteenth - century St . Quintins tower ( demolished in 1927 ) named after the previous owners . On the death in 1557 of John Conyers , 3rd Baron Conyers , the estate passed to his daughter Elizabeth , who was married to Thomas Darcy . It descended in the Darcy family ( made the Earls of Holderness in 1682 ) to Robert Darcy , 4th Earl of Holderness , who died in 1778 . Conyers Darcy , 2nd Earl of Holderness was elected MP for Boroughbridge in 1660 and for Yorkshire in 1661 . During the English Civil War the Hornby was taken by Colonel Ralph Assheton , commander - in - chief of the Parliamentary forces in North Lancashire but an order to slight the castle was not carried out . The house was largely rebuilt in the 1760s by John Carr of York , who was responsible for the surviving south range and the east range ( demolished in the 1930s ) and outbuildings , for the 4th Earl of Holderness . The 4th Earl ' s daughter and heir Amelia , Baroness Darcy and Baroness Conyers , married Francis Osborne , Marquess of Carmarthen , who later became the 5th Duke of Leeds . He assembled at Hornby rich early eighteenth - century furniture from several houses , illustrated in the books of Percy Macquoid . On Amelia ' s death in 1784 the estate passed to her son George Osborne , 6th Duke of Leeds ( 1775 – 1838 ) . After Kiveton was demolished in 1811 , Hornby became the main seat of the Dukes of Leeds . until George Osborne , 9th Duke of Leeds . By 1889 the property belonged to a Colonel Foster and in 1929 to Sir Harold Parkinson . In 1930 the estate was broken up and most of the house demolished . A 16th century main doorway was preserved in the Burrell Collection , Glasgow . The remaining property , originally the south range , was bought in 1936 by Major - General Walter E Clutterbuck and passed down to Roger Clutterbuck and his wife Julia , who are restoring the parkland to grass and have introduced an amsll herd of bison . As a private residence the hall is not open to the public .
60th Brigade ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 60th Mechanised Infantry Brigade is one of the three maneuver elements of the 20th Group Army in the Jinan Military Region . The 60th was converted from a division to a brigade as part of the PLA modernization efforts of the late 1990s . The predecessor 60th Division was created in 1949 as part of the 20th Army . It consisted of the 178th , 179th , and 180th Regiments . It entered Korea along with the rest of the 20th Army as part of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) . The 60th Division moved toward a blocking position near Koto - ri , south of " Hell - Fire Valley " during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir .
Port Victoria Marine Experimental Aircraft Depot The British Royal Naval Air Service established an R . N . Aeroplane Repair Depot on the Isle of Grain on the River Medway Estuary in Kent in early 1915 . As there was already a RNAS seaplane base on the Isle of Grain , the Depot was named Port Victoria , after the nearby railway station . It became the Marine Aircraft Experimental Depot , comprising 3 sections : It was renamed " Marine and Armament Experimental Establishment " on 16 March 1920 in recognition of the fact that weapons and other equipment were evaluated as well as complete aircraft . It was renamed again on the 1 March 1924 to the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment and eventually moved to Felixstowe . While at Port Victoria it designed a range of experimental aircraft , not all of which were constructed and flown .
Bradley C . Hosmer Lieutenant General Bradley Clark Hosmer ( born October 8 , 1937 ) served as the twelfth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs , Colorado from 1991 to 1994 . He was the first Academy graduate to return as superintendent . Education and training . Hosmer earned his Bachelor of Science degree in 1959 from the United States Air Force Academy , where he was the top graduate of the Academy ' s first graduating class . He subsequently won a Rhodes Scholarship and earned his Master ' s degree in international relations from Oxford University , England . Hosmer is also a graduate of the Air Force Squadron Officer School , the Naval Command and Staff College and the National War College . Military assignment history . Hosmer served in a variety of staff positions , including vice director of the Joint Staff and Air Force inspector general . He commanded the 479th Tactical Training Wing , Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico from 1978 to 1979 ; the 347th Tactical Fighter Wing , Moody Air Force Base , Georgia from 1979 to 1981 ; and the 831st Air Division , George Air Force Base , California from 1981 to 1982 . From 1986 to 1989 , he served as president of the National Defense University , Fort McNair , Washington , D . C . Hosmer was a command pilot with more than 4 , 000 flying hours , in aircraft to include the T - 33 Shooting Star , T - 37 , AT - 38 , O - 1 , F - 4 , F - 16 Fighting Falcon , F - 15 Eagle , F - 100 , and General Dynamics F - 111 . Awards and decorations . His decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster , the Distinguished Flying Cross , the Bronze Star with oak leaf cluster , the Meritorious Service Medal , the Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters , and the Air Force Commendation Medal .
Günther pistol The Günther pistol ( Spanish : Pistola Günther ) is a semi automatic pistol of Argentine origin . The weapon is one of the poor quality aluminium pistols made in Argentina at the time ( IE : TALA , GMC , GHUNTER , MAHELY , PUNTA ALTA , ZONDA , RUBI ) .
Johannes Göhler Johannes Göhler ( 15 September 1918 — 21 February 2003 ) was a Sturmbannführer ( Major ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Johannes Göhler was born on 15 September 1918 in Bichofswerda Sachsen . He volunteered to join the SS - VT and took part in the Anschluss of Austria and the occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938 . During World War II , he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class in October 1941 , during Operation Barbarossa the invasion of the Soviet Union . The Iron Cross 1st class followed in January 1942 . He was given command of the 4th Squadron , 1st SS Cavalry Regiment , 8th SS Cavalry Division " Florian Geyer " and was in command when he was awarded the German Cross in Gold and the Knight ' s Cross in September 1943 , when serving on the Eastern Front . Johannes Göhler survived the war and died on 21 February 2003 .
Ernest Lindup Lieutenant Ernest Lindup was a South African World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Lindup scored five victories between 4 February and 31 May 1918 while flying a Bristol F . 2 Fighter . His observer gunners included fellow aces M . B . Mather , Ernest Deighton , and Henry Crowe . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
George Nathan George Montague Nathan ( 1895 - 1937 ) was a British volunteer in the International Brigades in Spain . He initially commanded the British Company of the otherwise French Marseillaise Battalion but was appointed battalion commander in early 1937 following the execution of his predecessor ( Major Gaston Delasalle ) for espionage . He later became Chief of Staff of the XV International Brigade and was killed on 16 July 1937 at the Battle of Brunete . Even though he had been turned down for Communist Party membership — either because of his " sexual orientation " or because of his unwillingness to " pretend great political enthusiasm " - Comintern observers admired him for his " cool arrogance under fire " . During the First World War , he fought in the British Army on the Western Front . He rose from private to company sergeant major and " after three years and 334 days in the service , he was commissioned in the field on 9 April 1917 " to become " the only Jewish officer in the Brigade of Guards " . This is what he claimed but Nathan was , as his medal index card shows , commissioned into the Warwickshire Regiment and was never a CSM . Little is known about his activities between 1918 and 1936 , ( he rejoined the army twice and was discharged the second time with ignomony ) though there have been suggestions that he was responsible for killing the Sinn Féin Lord Mayors Callaghan and Clancy while working undercover for British intelligence with the Black and Tans in Limerick . He is said to have discussed this with Irish Connolly Column volunteers in Spain in February 1937 , saying " We have all grown up politically . We are Socialists together now " . Apparently , " the meeting responded to the spirit of his speech and clapped him " .
Chushi Gangdruk Chushi Gangdruk ( , lit . " Four Rivers , Six Ranges " , full name : , " the Kham Four Rivers , Six Ranges Tibetan Defenders of the Faith Volunteer Army " ) was an organization of Tibetan guerrilla fighters who attempted to overthrow the rule of the People ' s Republic of China ( PRC ) in Tibet . The Dokham Chushi Gangdruk organization , a charity set up in New York and India with chapters in other countries , now supports survivors of the Chushi Gangdruk resistance currently living in India . Name . Chushi Gangdruk " Four Rivers , Six Ranges " is the name traditionally given to the eastern Tibetan region of Kham where the gorges of the Salween ( Tib . " Ngul - chu " ) , Mekong ( " Da - chu " ) , Yangtze ( " Dri - chu " ) and Yalong ( " Dza - chu " ) rivers , all arising on the Tibetan Plateau , pass between six parallel ranges of mountains that form the watersheds for these rivers . History . The formation of the Chushi Gangdruk Volunteer Force was announced on June 16 , 1958 . " Chushi Gangdruk " is a Tibetan phrase meaning " land of four rivers and six ranges , " and refers to Amdo and Kham . The group included Tibetans from those regions of eastern Tibet , and its main objective was to drive PRC occupational forces out of Tibet . While central and western Tibet ( Ü - Tsang ) were bound by a 17 - point agreement with the People ' s Republic of China , the PRC initiated land reform in eastern Tibet ( including Amdo and Kham ) and engaged in harsh reprisals against the Tibetan land - owners there . Under the direction of General Andruk Gonpo Tashi , Chushi Gangdruk included 37 allied forces and 18 military commanders . They drafted a 27 - point military law governing the conduct of the volunteers . Their headquarters were located at Tsona , then later moved to Lhagyari . Initially militia members purchased their own weapons , mainly World War II - era British . 303 in , German 7 . 92 mm , and Russian 7 . 62 mm caliber rifles . Chushi Gangdruk contacted the US government for support . However , the State Department required an official request from the Tibetan government in Lhasa , which was not forthcoming . State Department requests were made and ignored in both 1957 and 1958 . Eventually , the US Central Intelligence Agency provided the group with material assistance and aid , including arms and ammunition , as well as training to members of Chushi Gangdruk and other Tibetan guerrilla groups at Camp Hale . Chushi Gangdruk also received aid from the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan , led by Chiang Kai - shek . From 1960 , Chushi Gangdruk conducted its guerrilla operations from the northern Nepal ese region of Mustang . In 1974 , guerrilla operations ceased after the CIA , given the realignment of Sino - American relations initiated by President Richard Nixon , terminated its program of assistance to the Tibetan resistance movement and the Dalai Lama , the spiritual leader of the previously ruling Gelugpa , taped a message telling the Tibetans to lay down their weapons and surrender peacefully .
Abraham Myers Abraham Charles Myers ( Georgetown , South Carolina , 14 May 1811 - Washington , D . C . , 20 June 1889 ) was a Jewish American army officer and a graduate of West Point , Class of 1833 . During the Seminole Wars , he served as an assistant quartermaster in the United States Army , and was promoted to captain in 1839 . He later served in the Mexican - American War , becoming chief quartermaster of army troops in Mexico . He resigned from the US Army in January 1861 . During the American Civil War , he was appointed Quartermaster General of the Confederate States Army with the rank of colonel . He married Marion Twiggs , the daughter of Major General David E . Twiggs . Their son , John Twiggs Myers , became a Lieutenant general in the US Marine Corps . The city of Ft . Myers , Florida is named after him . He was descended from Rabbi Moses Cohen , an emigrant from London to Charleston , South Carolina .
USS Munplace ( ID - 2346 ) USS " Munplace " ( ID - 2346 ) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . SS " Munplace " was built as a commercial cargo ship by the Maryland Steel Company at Sparrows Point , Maryland , in 1916 , for the Munson Steamship Lines . She was delivered to Munson on 9 May 1916 and entered mercantile service . The U . S . Navy acquired " Munplace " from Munson for World War I service on 31 August 1918 , assigned her the naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 2346 , and commissioned her as USS " Munplace " at Newport News , Virginia , the same day with Lieutenant Commander James H . Lum , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service ( NOTS ) , " Munplace " was loaded with a cargo of United States Army supplies , made a transatlantic crossing to France in convoy , and arrived at Rochefort , France , on 4 October 1918 . Proceeding to La Pallice , France , she discharged her cargo , went on to Le Verdon - sur - Mer , France , and returned to the United States , arriving at Norfolk , Virginia , on 10 November 1918 . World War I ended the next day . In December 1918 , " Munplace " departed Norfolk and delivered another U . S . Army cargo to La Pallice . She then returned to the United States , arriving at Newport News in January 1919 On 15 February 1919 " Munplace " was decommissioned and delivered to the United States Shipping Board for simultaneous return to Munson Steamship Lines . She returned to mercantile service as SS " Munplace " , remaining in commercial use until she was scrapped at Baltimore , Maryland , in 1939 .
Léo Richer Laflèche Léo Richer La Flèche , ( April 16 , 1888 – March 7 , 1956 ) was a Canadian general , civil servant , diplomat , and politician . Léo Richer La Flèche was born in Concordia , Kansas , on April 16 , 1888 . The same year , with his parents , Zotique and Ida Richer La Flèche , Léo moved to Sorel , Quebec , because of his father ' s work in Ottawa with the government for the civil service . Léo served with the 22nd Battalion , CEF , during World War I as a captain and major . In 1917 , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Légion d ' honneur of France . He later became a lieutenant - colonel commanding the District Depot No . 4 , Montreal . He would achieve the rank of major general . From 1932 to 1939 , he was Deputy Minister of National Defence , Vice - Chairman Defence Council and briefly served as military attaché to Paris before the German invasion . From 1940 to 1942 , he was the associate deputy minister of War Services and was chairman of the National Film Board from 1941 to 1943 . In 1941 , he received an honorary LL . D . from the University of Ottawa . He was elected as the Liberal candidate to the Canadian House of Commons for the Quebec electoral district of Outremont in a by - election on November 30 , 1942 , called after the current MP , Thomas Vien , resigned . He defeated Jean Drapeau , future mayor of Montreal . This same fall , Prime minister Mackenzie King named him Minister of National War Services , a post he kept until he became the first Canadian ambassador to Greece on April 17 , 1945 . He was the Canadian ambassador to Greece from 1945 to 1949 . On October 20 , 1949 , he presented his credentials to the governor general of Australia as the new high commissioner of Canada . On August 19 , 1952 , he also held this position in Buenos Aires , Argentina , as he officially took his post as the Canadian ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in charge of the diplomatic relations with neighbouring Uruguay . He returned to Canada in 1955 . He died the next year at the age of 67 . His grave is in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery of Montreal .
Emily Perez Emily Jazmin Tatum Perez ( 19 February 1983 – 12 September 2006 ) was the first female minority Cadet Command Sergeant Major in the history of the United States Military Academy at West Point . Born in Heidelberg , West Germany , of African American and Hispanic parents in a U . S . military family , she graduated from Oxon Hill High School in Maryland , where she was wing commander of Junior ROTC . While in high school , working with the District ' s Peace Baptist Church , Perez helped begin an ministry after family members contracted the virus . In July 2001 , after graduation from high school , Perez entered the United States Military Academy at West Point . There she was an exemplary student and talented track athlete . Following graduation from West Point in 2005 , she was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the 204th Support Battalion , 2nd Brigade , 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army . Death . Perez was deployed to Iraq in December as a Medical Service Corps officer . She was killed when a makeshift bomb exploded near her Humvee during combat operations in Al Kifl , near Najaf . Aged 23 , she was the first female graduate of West Point to die in the Iraq War , the first West Point graduate of the " Class of 9 / 11 " to die in combat , and the first female African - American officer to die in combat . Lieutenant Perez ' s military awards include the Bronze Star , Purple Heart , Army Commendation Medal , National Defense Service Medal , Iraq Campaign Medal , Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , Army Service Ribbon , Overseas Service Ribbon , and the Combat Action Badge . She posthumously received the NCAA Award of Valor in 2008 . Emily Perez was the 64th female member of the U . S . military to be killed in Iraq or Afghanistan and the 40th West Point graduate killed since the September 11 , 2001 , attacks . Another female West Point graduate , Laura M . Walker of the Class of 2003 , was killed in Afghanistan in 2005 . Perez was interred at the West Point Cemetery .
Type 44 carbine The Type 44 Cavalry Rifle ( 四四式騎銃 " Yonyon - shiki kijū " or " Yonjūyon - shiki kijū " ) is a Japanese bolt - action rifle . This rifle is also often referred to as a Type 44 Carbine . It was a development of the " Arisaka " Type 38 Cavalry Rifle , the main difference being the bayonet is a needle type and it can be folded backwards and locks underneath the barrel . A hook was located directly below the front sight on the right side of the rifle , replicating the hooked quillon of the Type 30 bayonet for use in the bayonet fencing techniques taught to Japanese soldiers of the period . The Type 44 also included a compartment in the buttstock for which to store a unique two - piece cleaning rod . The cleaning rod storage compartment was accessed via an ingenious rotating door . It fired the 6 . 5×50mm Arisaka round , and capacity was an internal five - round box magazine , it was fed via five - round chargers . It entered production in 1911 and entered service in 1912 , and served on until the end of the Second World War in 1945 , production of the rifle ran until three years prior to the end of the Second World War ; 1942 . Approximately 91 , 900 Type 44 rifles were produced by Japanese arsenals during these years . The Type 44 was produced in three variations ( referred to as First , Second , and Third variations ) . The major differences between variations was in the folding bayonet housing , which increased the length and durability with each variation . A minor difference between variations may be found in the cleaning rod compartment found beneath the buttplate . First variation stocks had two holes drilled for each half of the cleaning rod , while second and third variations had a single larger hole to house both halves of the cleaning rod .
Cesare Hercolani Cesare Hercolani ( 1499 – 1534 ) was an Italian condottiero , or mercenary leader . He was born in Forlì ( Northern Italy ) in 1499 . The Hercolani s were a noble family , and Cesare became a venture captain under Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor . In the Battle of Pavia ( 1525 ) , Hercolani injured the horse of Francis I of France , which enabled the Imperial Spanish forces to capture Francis alive and ended the battle . Hercolani was hailed as the " victor of the battle of Pavia . " In 1534 Hercolani was killed in Forlì by members of the Guelph faction , in vengeance of his action against Francis I of France .