naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Puruarán The Battle of Puruarán was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred on 5 January 1814 in the area around , Michoacán . The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire . The Mexican insurgents were commanded by Mariano Matamoros y Guridi and the Spanish by Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu who would later go on to become the Mexican emperor , and by Ciriaco del Llano . The battle lasted approximately one hour and resulted in a victory for the Spanish Royalists . The Battle . This short battle was a complete loss for the Mexican rebels . After a battle lasting about an hour , the smaller royalist army soundly defeated the Mexican rebels inflicting heavy casualties . The Mexican commander , Mariano Matamoros was captured whilst attempting to flee the field of battle by a loyalist cadet named Eusebio Rodríguez . In addition to losing a majority of their army , the Mexicans also lost 23 artillery pieces and around 1 , 000 muskets to the Spanish . Aftermath . After taking stock of their tremendous losses , the Mexican rebels attempted to bargain for the life of General Matamoros who had been the second in command of José María Morelos ' forces . They petitioned the government of the Spanish Viceroyalty for a prisoner exchange where they would return 200 captured royalist soldiers for Matamoros . The Spanish refused the offer and ordered the execution by firing squad of Matamoros on 3 February 1814 . After the death of Matamoros , José María Morelos ordered the execution of all 200 Spanish royalist prisoners .
James McKechnie James McKechnie VC ( June 1826 – 5 July 1886 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was born to Colin McKechnie and Jane McKechnie ( Nee McGregor ) and was married to an Elizabeth McLean . McKechnie was 28 years old , and a sergeant in the Scots Fusilier Guards , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 20 September 1854 at the Battle of the Alma , Crimea , when the shot and fire from the batteries just in front of the battalion threw it into momentary disorder , it was forced out of its formation , becoming something of a huge triangle , with one corner pointing towards the enemy . A captain was carrying the Queen ' s Colour which had the pole smashed and 20 bullet holes through the silk . Sergeant McKechnie held up his revolver and dashed forward , rallying the men round the Colours . He was wounded in the action . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Guards Regimental Headquarters ( Scots Guards RHQ ) in Wellington Barracks , Chelsea , London .
Commodore Admiral Commodore Admiral was a short lived military rank of the United States Navy that existed for less than 11 months during the year 1982 . The rank of Commodore Admiral was established as the Navy ' s one - star admiral rank after nearly forty years of all Navy captains receiving promotion directly to the two - star position of rear admiral . The new rank of Commodore Admiral was created both as a means to appease other branches of the military ( who felt promoting O - 6s directly to O - 8 was unfair ) and also as a means of distinguishing that Navy one - star admirals were in fact flag officer s . This had been a major problem in World War II when cultural mistakes had led to several Navy commodore s being regarded as senior captains by members of foreign militaries and in turn denied honors due to a U . S . admiral grade officer . Upon its establishment , many in the leadership of the U . S . Navy felt that the rank of Commodore Admiral violated over a century of tradition and there were numerous petitions to the Chief of Naval Operations to do away with the rank . As a compromise , the rank of Commodore Admiral was changed simply to " Commodore " at the start of 1983 , which itself was abolished as a rank in 1985 . The rank of Commodore Admiral is one of the rarest ranks in the history of United States Navy . Only a handful of officers , mainly those Captains promoted to O - 7 during the year 1982 , have ever held the position , such as Admiral Leon A . Edney , when promoted while serving as the Commandant of Midshipmen at the U . S . Naval Academy .
William Burke , Lord of Bealatury William Burke , Lord of Bealatury , Irish noble and soldier , fl . 1580s - 1616 . Burke was a member of the Burke family of Clanricarde , in what is now County Galway . He was one of five brothers who left Ireland to enrol in Spanish service in the late 1580s . They were in Ireland in time to participate in the Nine Years ' War ( Ireland ) . They were sons of John na Seamar Burke ( died 1583 ) and nephews of Ulick Burke , 3rd Earl of Clanricarde ( died 1601 ) . The eldest of the family was Redmond Burke , Baron Leitrim . Both William and Redmond were " some of the chiefs who were along with Red Hugh O ' Donnell at Kinsale in 1601 . In the aftermath of the battle it was determined that O ' Donnell , " Redmond , the son of John Burke , and Captain Hugh Mus , the son of Robert , should go to Spain to complain of their distresses and difficulties to the King of Spain . " O ' Neill and O ' Donnell determined that " These chiefs left some of their neighbouring confederates in Munster , to plunder it in their absence , namely : Captain Tyrrell , the other sons of John Burke , and other gentlemen besides them . " William accompanied Donal Cam O ' Sullivan Beare on his march north in 1603 . He appears to have gone to Spain in the years afterwards . William Burke signed himself Lord of Bealatury in Spanish documents of 1616 .
HMS Excalibur HMS " Excalibur " was the sister ship of , the two submarine s being the only High test peroxide ( HTP ) powered submarines to be constructed by the Royal Navy . She is the only ship to be named as such , and was named in honour of the sword of King Arthur of the Arthurian legend . For details of the decisions leading to their construction , and problems affecting the vessels , please refer to the article on HMS " Explorer " . Operation . Both " Excalibur " and " Explorer " were assigned to the 3rd Submarine Squadron although due to their experimental nature , they tended to operate independently , accompanied by their depot ship HMS " Kingfisher " and a fuel carrier , RFA " Spabeck " . They later acted as high speed underwater targets for the Royal Navy ' s prototype nuclear - powered submarine HMS Dreadnought . Periscope . The submarine ' s periscope survives . It was installed in the starter ' s hut at the " Golf House Club " , the golf club at Elie and Earlsferry , Scotland ; players and visitors may use it to view the golf course .
Perseus ( spy ) Perseus was the codename of a possible Soviet spy alleged to have breached U . S . national security at Los Alamos during the Manhattan project . This name is also given to a spy at White Sands Missile Range , located further south near Las Cruces , New Mexico . Evidence for his or her existence is based on a few references in KGB archives opened ( and later closed ) to researchers in the early 1990s , after the fall of the Soviet Union . There are also a few references to Perseus in the VENONA decrypts as PERS . The identity of this person , or even whether or not they actually existed , is unknown , and many of the facts in the matter are questionable . The first person to publicly write about atomic spy Perseus was Russian intelligence Colonel Vladimir Chikov . Starting in 1991 he wrote a number of articles in Russian periodicals that discussed Perseus . Later in 1996 he published a book with American co - author Gary Kern titled , " How Stalin Stole the Atomic Bomb from the Americans " ( published in France in French ) . The VENONA messages contain the unidentified codename " PERS . " Not only is " pers " the linguistic root of the word Perseus but the messages suggest that PERS was a Soviet source on the Manhattan Project . In addition to this , many other individuals , including some associated with the KGB , have affirmed either the specific existence of Perseus or that there remain unidentified atomic spies on the Manhattan Project . According to Chikov , Perseus was at Los Alamos in 1943 , a year before Fuchs was assigned there , and in the 1950s Perseus was under the control of Rudolf Abel . In 1999 , arms - control advocate Jeremy Stone alleged that Perseus was " Scientist X " , easily identifiable as MIT physicist Philip Morrison . This was a sensational claim because accuser and accused were both highly regarded within the same academic community . Morrison denied that he was a spy and pointed out numerous discrepancies between his biography and that attributed to Perseus . While Stone " accepted " Morrison ' s denial and apologized " for the unfavorable publicity " , he never fully withdrew the original allegation . US Cold War historian John Earl Haynes believes that Perseus is " a faked composite by Vladimir Chikov and the SVR combining part of the story of Theodore Hall with misdirection and distortion " citing Gary Kern
20th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry The 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry , also known as the " Harvard Regiment " , was a regiment of infantry in the American Civil War . The regiment was so nicknamed because the officers of the 20th were young Harvard graduates . In addition some , but not all , the private soldiers had attended Harvard . The 20th was organized at Readville August 29 to September 4 , 1861 . After training they left Massachusetts for Washington , D . C . , September 4 . They would fight until the war ' s conclusion ; being mustered out on July 16 and discharged July 28 , 1865 . Brigade , divisional and corps attachments . Attached to Ladder ' s Brigade , Division of the Potomac , to October , 1861 . Lander ' s Brigade , Stone ' s ( Sedgwick ' s ) Division , Army of the Potomac , to March , 1862 . 3rd Brigade , 2nd Division , 2nd Army Corps , Army of the Potomac , to March , 1864 . 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , 2nd Army Corps , to July , 1865 . Battles . With the exception of First Bull Run the 20th participated in all of the major battles and many of the smaller battles fought by the Army of the Potomac . Their baptism of fire occurred at Ball ' s Bluff on October 21 , 1861 . Other battles included the Seven Days , Fredericksburg , Chancellorsville , Gettysburg , the Wilderness , Spottsylvania Court House the Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox Campaign . Casualties . The 20th regiment lost 17 officers and 243 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded . One officer and 148 enlisted men by disease . Total casualties were 409 . The regiment ranks first among Massachusetts regiments and fifth among Union regiments in total casualties .
Jack Wilson ( Yorkshire cricketer ) John Philip " Jack " Wilson DSC , AFC ( 3 April 1889 – 3 October 1959 ) was an English amateur first - class cricketer , a decorated World War I pilot and winner of the Grand National in 1925 . Early life . He was born in April 1889 at Gilling Castle in the North Riding of Yorkshire . He was educated at Harrow School , London , England . Cricket . He made his debut for Yorkshire County Cricket Club against Leicestershire in the County Championship in August 1911 , one of six matches he played for the county that month . He played against the touring South Africans and Worcestershire in August the following year , and against the MCC in September to round out his nine match Yorkshire first - class career . His final two matches came for H . D . G . Leveson - Gower ' s XI against Oxford and Cambridge Universities at The Saffrons , Eastbourne , in the final summer before the start of World War I . He was not prolific in the first - class arena . His best innings was a knock of 36 against Middlesex at Bradford , while his solitary first - class wicket was that of J . W . Hitch , the Surrey and England all - rounder . He also played for the Yorkshire Second XI , and in country house cricket for the Yorkshire Gentlemen . Military service . After gaining his pilots licence on a Vickers biplane at Brooklands in June 1914 he was commissioned into the Royal Naval Air Service on the outbreak of war . In April 1915 he attacked two German submarines lying at anchor alongside the Mole at Zeebrugge with four bombs " with successful results . " Later that summer , on 7 June he attacked the Zeppelin shed at Evere , north of Brussels in a daring night attack , a mission for which he and his co pilot J . S . Mills RN . were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . On 1 January 1916 , Wilson was promoted from Flight Lieutenant to Acting Flight Commander . In the 1919 New Year Honours , announced on 1 January 1919 , he was awarded the Air Force Cross " " in recognition of distinguished service " " . He was awarded the Belgian Order of the Crown on 29 August 1917 . On 22 March 1919 Major Wilson relinquished his commission " " on account of ill - health " " . He was allowed to retain his rank . Post - war life . Although he continued in club cricket after the war , his new claim to fame came as an amateur steeplechase jockey . He rode more than 200 winners , rode in Grand National three times , and won on Double Chance in 1925 . He died in October 1959 in Tickton , Beverley , East Riding of Yorkshire . Personal life . In 1915 he married Louisa Harrison - Broadley . His wife ' s elder sister was married to Stanley Jackson , former England cricket captain ; Jackson thus became Wilson ' s brother - in - law .
Texas State Guard Commanding General ' s Individual Award The Texas State Guard Commanding General ' s Individual Award is an award within the Texas Military Forces , within the United States Armed Forces Eligibility . The Texas State Guard Commanding General ' s Individual Award may be awarded to members of the Texas State Guard . Use . The Texas State Guard Commanding General ' s Individual Award may be given to any member of the Texas State Guard by the Commanding General at any Texas State Guard function or activity for exceptional performance . The ribbon may be awarded by the Commanding general as a " pocket award " or through recommendation by unit commanders . Subsequent awards are identified by the use of oak - leaf clusters .
Sack of Rome ( 1084 ) The Sack of Rome of May 1084 was a Norman sack , the result of the pope ' s call for aid from the duke of Apulia , Robert Guiscard . Pope Gregory VII was besieged in the Castel Sant ' Angelo by the Emperor Henry IV in June 1083 . He held out and called for aid from the Guiscard , who was then fighting the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus in the Balkans . He returned , however , to Italy and marched north with 36 , 000 men . He entered Rome and forced Henry to retire , but a riot of the citizens led to a three days sack , after which Guiscard escorted the pope to the Lateran . The Normans had mainly pillaged the old city , which was then one of the richest cities in Italy . After days of unending violence , the Romans rose up causing the Normans to set fire to the city . Many of the buildings of Rome were gutted on the Capitol and Palatine hills along with the area between the Colosseum and the Lateran . In the end the ravaged Roman populace succumbed to the Normans .
Australian Service Nurses National Memorial The Australian Service Nurses National Memorial is on ANZAC Parade , the principal ceremonial and memorial avenue of Canberra , the capital city of Australia . The memorial honours past and present nurses of the Australian Defence Force , serving in the Royal Australian Navy , Australian Army , and Royal Australian Air Force and associated services . The memorial is dedicated " In memory of Australian Service Nurses whose supreme sacrifice , courage and devotion were inspiring to those for whom they so willingly risked their lives . Their memory will also be our sacred trust . " Unveiled on 2 October 1999 by His excellency the Honourable Sir William Deane AC K . B . E . . Sculpture . The memorial is made of cast glass . There are two waved lines each of two sets of panels . The front wall incorporates the words , " beyond all praise " . Etched and cast into the inner walls are text and images , in a timeline sequence , portraying the history and contribution of Australian Service Nursing . The memorial also incorporates a collage of pictures and diary entries in the original handwriting . Some panels are blank , symbolic of the inconclusive nature of any memorial to a service group . The interlocking walls are symbolic of nurturing hands . A contemplative space surrounded with rosemary ( for remembrance ) has a reflective pool fountain and the symbols of the armed forces . There are also places for additional plaques to name occasions when nurses have served . Funding . The memorial was funded through the tireless efforts of the Australian Service Nurses National Memorial Fund Committee , whose members have included : Principal Donors to the memorial included :
Edwin Thiel Edwin Thiel ( 19 June 1913 – 14 July 1944 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Edwin Thiel was killed on 14 July 1944 after bailing out of his plane after it was hit by Soviet flak . During his career he was credited with 76 victories in 300 missions .
German submarine U - 345 German submarine " U - 345 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out no patrols . She did not sink or damage any ships . She was damaged beyond repair , December 1943 and mined , December 1945 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 9 July 1942 at the Nordseewerke yard at Emden as ' werk ' 217 , launched on 11 March 1943 and commissioned on 4 May under the command of " Oberleutnant " Ulrich Knackfuß . " U - 342 " served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 4 May 1943 . Fate . She was hit during a USAAF raid on Kiel on 13 December 1943 . The damage was severe enough that she was paid off on the 23rd . After the German surrender in May 1945 , she was mined off Warenmünde , ( north of Rostock ) , in December .
Velakkara Velakkaras are royal guards mentioned in various historical accounts of Sri Lanka . The general prevailing notion is that they were Tamil mercenaries employed by the Sinhala and Tamil kings . They were considered to be loyal to the king , but occasionally rebelled against him as happened during the time of Vijayabahu . Etymology . " Velam " in Tamil means " the inner court " and probably these guards were elite and guarded the king and his family . Velam also could be the Sanskrit ' aham ' , both meaning the inner line of defence in a royal set up .
Interior Radar Bomb Scoring Site The Interior Radar Bomb Scoring Site ( callsign Badlands Bomb Plot ) opened in August 1960 on Hurley Butte ( ) adjacent to the Pine Ridge Reservation and a few miles from Interior , South Dakota to replace the Los Angeles Bomb Plot at Cheli AFS . Operated and maintained by Detachment 2 of the 11th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron ( initially by temporary duty personnel ) , the RBS site was 1 of ~ 14 that remained after the 1965 - 6 deployment of RBS site personnel for Vietnam Combat Skyspot . Family housing for the detachment " was on the western edge of Wall " , a nearby town , and barracks initially used for the station were shared by Boeing facility contractors for the Ellsworth Air Force Base 850th SMS ' s HGM - 25A Titan I ICBMs . Concrete pads at Hurley Butte remain from when the RBS equipment and personnel transferred to Holbrook , Arizona ( 1968 - 1993 , merged w / Det 19 Poplar MT to move to Det 4 Harrison AR ) . At the end of the Cold War , numerous nearby radar sites for RBS and electronic warfare simulation included those at the Alzada ( 2 sites ) , Ekalaka , & Hulett Mini - Mutes Radar Sites , the Clark & Colony Radar Bomb Scoring Sites , and the " Ellsworth Air Force Base " sites ( Belle Fourche , Colmer , & Horman Radar Bomb Scoring Sites and the Antelope Butte Mini Mute Radar Bomb Scoring Site ) . The Interior Family Housing Site , a " detached installation " of Barksdale Air Force Base provided homes from 26 Jun 1968 - 30 Apr 1969 . Det 2 moved to the Holbrook Bomb Plot in Arizona in 1968 and the Interior RBSS is a Formerly Used Defense Site within the
109th Battalion ( Victoria & Haliburton ) , CEF The 109th Battalion CEF was a unit of the Canadian Expeditionary Force , the men of which saw active service during the First World War . The battalion was formed from volunteers from the Ontario counties of Victoria and Haliburton . It was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel J . J Fee and headquartered in the town of Lindsay prior to embarkation . By the spring of 1916 the battalion had reached a strength of 1050 men and was embarked for England . On arrival in London the battalion strength was reallocated as reinforcements to replace the dead in the 20th , 21st , 28th and 124th Battalions . The battalion was perpetuated by the 1st Battalion , The Victoria & Haliburton Regiment but that unit was later disbanded .
Battle of Cape Espartel The Battle of Cape Espartel was a naval battle of the Spanish Civil War that broke the Republican blockade of the Strait of Gibraltar , securing the naval supply route to Spanish Morocco for the Nationalists early in the war . The action occurred on September 29 , 1936 between two Nationalist cruiser s and two Republican destroyer s . Background . The rebel conspirators at Ferrol had been able to seize the city ' s naval base in July , but at a large cost : over 30 mutinous officers had been shot by hundreds of sailors loyal to the Republic . Their prize included the old battleship " España " ( formerly the " Alfonso XIII " ) , the cruisers " Almirante Cervera " and the unfinished " Canarias " , two light cruisers , one destroyer , and a number of torpedo boat s and sloop s . In September , a small squadron , including the " Almirante Cervera " and " Canarias " , steamed from Ferrol to engage the Republican navy . At the start of the war , the Spanish Republican Navy had the battleship " Jaime I " , three light cruisers , 14 destroyers , plus five submarines . In addition to the " España " , the two cruisers and one destroyer taken by the Nationalists , by the following year they had completed the " Almirante Cervera " and " Canarias " . They also had purchased four destroyers and two submarines from Fascist Italy . The Nationalists established a blockade of the Republican - held coastline for the entire duration of the war , but their paucity of ships limited the blockade ' s effectiveness . The battle . The Nationalists engaged a squadron of Republican destroyers stationed on the western end of the Straits . The destroyer " Gravina " was deployed near Cape Espartel , while her sister ship " Almirante Ferrándiz " was patrolling off Ceuta . A fierce exchange of fire followed , during which the destroyer " Almirante Ferrándiz " was chased and sunk by the " Canarias " in the Alboran Sea , while the " Gravina " was pursued and hit twice by the " Cervera " along the Atlantic coast of Morocco . The main guns of the " Canarias " found their mark at a range of 11 miles with their second salvo , while those of " Cervera " performed poorly . The surviving Republican destroyer retreated toward Casablanca . This action was decisive to open the Straits to the insurgents ' shipping .