naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bertram Heyn Major General Bertram Russell Heyn , idc , psc , CLI ( October 1 , 1912 — February 3 , 1998 ) was a Sri Lankan general and a cricketer . He was a former Commander of the Ceylon Army . Education and Cricketing career . Educated at Royal College , Colombo , he played for the cricket team at Royal College , debuting in 1930 and played in the Royal - Thomian . He played for the Ceylon cricket team and his most famous feat was getting Sir Donald Bradman out on his last appearance in Colombo , in an unofficial Test match between Australia and All - Ceylon on 27 March 1948 . Bradman was able to score only 20 runs before being caught out by R . L . de Kretser off Heyn ' s bowling . Heyn also played hockey . He graduated from the Staff College , Camberley and the Imperial Defence College . Military career . He joined the Ceylon Defence Force and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Ceylon Light Infantry before World War II . By the end of the war he was a Captain . When the Ceylon Army was formed in 1949 he was commissioned as a Major in the regular force . In the early 1950s he took command of the Ceylon Light Infantry with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . Promoted to the rank of Brigadier he was serving as Chief of Staff of the Army , when , in 1962 , an attempted military coup took place . The following year the then army commander was forced to retire and Colonel A . R . Udugama was appointed as army commander , by passing the more senior Brigadier Heyn , even though Heyn wasn ' t involved in the coup . It was a purely political move , as Udugama was a Sinhala - Buddhist and related to the then Prime Minister . On 11 November 1966 Heyn was appointed Commander of the Ceylon Army and promoted to the rank of Major General . He held the post till his retirement in 30 September 1967 . For wartime service , Heyn had earned the War Medal 1939 – 1945 , and for service in the Ceylon Army , he received the Ceylon Armed Services Long Service Medal , the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal and the Ceylon Armed Services Inauguration Medal . Later life . In his later years he managed the Sri Lanka cricket team and served as the head of the Cricket Board , as well as on the Sri Lanka Olympic Council . Family . General Heyn and his wife Edna had two sons , Richard and David . Richard represented Sri Lanka ( then Ceylon ) at Field Hockey and played Cricket at top - grade club level . David represented Sri Lanka at Cricket and played Field Hockey at top - grade club level .
Battle of Giornico In the Battle of Giornico ( 28 December 1478 ) a Swiss force of 600 defeated 10 , 000 Milanese troops . History . The Battle of Giornico was part of an expansionist policy of the Old Swiss Confederation during the 15th century . The confederation attempted to expand into the southern foothills of the Alps to gain control of both ends of the valuable mountain passes . In November 1478 , Uri troops moved south over the Gotthard pass into the Levantina valley . The population of the valley , who had long been opposed to Milan , greeted the Swiss troops as liberators and allies . However , below the valley at Bellinzona , they found the city gates closed . Uri was quickly joined by forces from other Confederation cantons and established a siege camp below the walls of Bellinzona on 30 November 1478 . The Duke of Milan responded by sending 10 , 000 men toward Bellinzona to drive the Confederates back and reassert his control over the Levantina . The battle . On 16 December the Milanese army reached Magadino on Lake Maggiore about from Bellinzona . However , the Confederates had already retired , after a 14 - day siege of Bellinzona , to the Gotthard Pass . Only a 175 - strong reserve army , reinforced by about 400 soldiers from the Levantina , were guarding the rear at Giornico in the Levantina valley . The entire Milanese army reached Giornico on 28 December 1478 and outnumbered the defenders by about twenty to one . The defenders were able to defeat the much larger force because the Milanese army was confined in a narrow valley , struggling for foothold on the December snow and ice . The Swiss ambushed the army from above , creating confusion by rolling large boulders down the hillside . They reportedly also wore crampons for better foothold . Against this attack , the Milanese army was helpless regardless of their superior number , and they were forced to flee , leaving an estimated 1 , 400 dead . Aftermath . Following this decisive defeat , the Duke of Milan withdrew from the Levantina , leaving it under Uri ' s control . To consolidate his power in Bellinzona , the Duke of Milan built the small Sasso Corbaro castle . Nine years later , the Swiss and the Milanese met again , in 1487 , at the Battle of Crevola .
G . E . S . de Silva Commodore G . E . S . de Silva , PSV , FCMA , CFA , FCMI , SLNVR was a Sri Lankan Volunteer Naval officer , accountant and athlete . He was the former Commanding Officer , VNF . Educated at the prestiges Royal College Colombo , where he captained the college boxing team . An accountant by profession he joined the Sri Lanka Volunteer Naval Force as an reservist , eventually becoming its Commanding Officer . Fernando is a Fellow of the Chartered Management Institute and a Chartered Financial Analyst . Reaching the rank of Commodore as one of the youngest to hold that rank and was later promoted to the post of Director Naval Administration , which he held until his retirement . Commodore de Silva has been awarded the service medals Prashansaniya Seva Vibhushanaya and Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal . A former Treasurer of the Royal College Union , he was Secretary General of the Sri Lanka Ex - Servicemen ’ s Association . He is the brother in law of the current Commander of the Sri Lankan Army , Lieutenant General Jagath Jayasuriya
Tian Ji Tian Ji ( ) , Qi ( 期 ) , was a military general of the Qi state during the early Warring States period ( 4th century BC ) of Chinese history . Tian Ji met Sun Bin and recommended him to King Wei of Qi as a military strategist . Tian Ji commanded the Qi armies in the Battle of Guiling and Battle of Maling , scoring victories against the Wei state with help and guidance from Sun Bin . Biography . Tian Ji descended from an aristocratic clan based in the State of Qi and was later appointed a military general by King Wei of Qi . In 340 BC , Sun Bin arrived in the State of Qi state as a refugee from the State of Wei . Tian Ji met Sun Bin and was so impressed with Sun ' s expertise in military strategy that he kept Sun at his residence as a retainer ( 门客 ) . Once , Tian Ji was invited to participate in a horse - racing event hosted by the king and Sun Bin proposed a strategy for Tian Ji to win . Tian used his inferior horse to race with the king ' s best horse , his average horse to race with the king ' s inferior horse , and his best horse to race with the king ' s average horse , winning two out of three races . The king was impressed by Tian Ji ' s victory and Tian told the king that he won the race after following Sun Bin ' s suggestion . Tian recommended Sun Bin to the king as a talent and the king appointed Sun as a military strategist and advisor . In 354 BC , Wei attacked the State of Zhao , with Pang Juan leading the Wei forces . Zhao requested help from Qi whereupon King Wei of Qi ordered Tian Ji and Sun Bin to lead an army to reinforce Zhao . Sun Bin proposed the strategy of " Besieging Wei to rescue Zhao " , and Tian Ji followed the plan , ordering an attack on Wei , forcing Pang Juan to turn back to save Wei , and effectively lifting the siege on Zhao . In 341 BC , Wei attacked the State of Han with Pang Juan commanding the Wei army . Han was an ally of Qi such that Qi responded by sending an army to reinforce Han . Sun Bin was appointed as commander - in - chief of the Qi army this time , with Tian Ji as his deputy . The Qi army scored a major victory in the ensuing Battle of Maling , which culminated in a crushing defeat for Wei and the death of Pang Juan . Tian Ji was not on good terms with the Qi chancellor Zou Ji who disparaged Tian in front of King Wei . Unable to clear his name , Tian fled from Qi and sought refuge in the State of Chu . He was invited back to Qi and reinstated in his former office after King Xuan ascended the throne of Qi .
Union sacrée L ' union sacrée ( French for " Sacred Union " ) was a political truce in France in which the left - wing agreed , during World War I , not to oppose the government or to call any strike . Made in the name of patriotism , it stood in opposition to the pledge made by the French Section of the Workers ' International ( SFIO ) internationalism , and its former leader Jean Jaurès , not to enter any " bourgeois war . " Although an important part of the socialist movement joined the " Union sacrée " , some trade unionists such as Pierre Monatte opposed it . On the first of August , 1914 , the President of the French Republic , Raymond Poincaré , declared war on Germany . Three days later , Prime Minister Rene Viviani read an address , which had actually been written by the Président de la République , Raymond Poincaré : This political movement may have been an attempt to create solidarity during a time when the largely pacifist French Socialist Party threatened a general strike , while many French Catholics felt slighted by a 1905 law separating Church and State . Elements of nationalism , the fact that the Germans attacked rather than the French , anti - German propaganda and a desire to regain the former French territory of Alsace - Moselle may have provided further impetus for the movement .
No . 87 Squadron RAF No . 87 Squadron RAF was an aircraft squadron of the Royal Air Force during the First World War and Second World War . World War I . 87 Squadron Royal Flying Corps ( RFC ) was first formed on 1 September 1917 at Upavon from elements of the Central Flying School . On 17 December 1917 , it moved to Hounslow Heath Aerodrome and was equipped with Sopwith Dolphin s and S . E . 5A s , moving on to France in April 1918 . After the armistice , the squadron moved back to England and was disbanded at RAF Ternhill on the 24 June 1919 . The squadron did have seven aces on this type , in Arthur Vigers DFC , future Air Chief Marshal Leslie Hollinghurst , Henry Biziou , Charles Darwin , Herbert Joseph Larkin , Alexander Pentland , and Charles Edward Worthington . World War II . 87 Squadron was re - formed on 15 March 1937 at RAF Tangmere from elements of No . 54 Squadron RAF , operating the Hawker Fury . At the outbreak of the Second World War , the squadron was part of the air element of the British Expeditionary Force in France , equipped with Hawker Hurricane s . The Cold War . 87 Squadron was again re - formed as part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force in Germany on 1 January 1952 at RAF Wahn with the Gloster Meteor NF11 , with the main tasking being the defence of the Ruhr , after five years it moved to RAF Bruggen , and was equipped with the Gloster Javelin as an all - weather interceptor force until it was disbanded on 3 January 1961 .
No . 212 Squadron RAF No . 212 Squadron RAF is an inactive Royal Air Force aircraft squadron . The squadron was first formed as No . 12 Squadron RNAS as a training unit within No 1 Wing of the Royal Naval Air Service at Hondschoote on 8 June 1917 . Unlike other RNAS squadrons , it was not redesignated to an RAF 200 - series squadron number on the day the RAF was established ( 1 April 1918 ) as the squadron was disbanded .
15th Infantry Division ( Philippines ) The 15th Infantry Division ( Ready Reserve ) , Philippine Army , affectionately known as the Defender & Builder Division , is one of the Philippine Army Reserve Command ' s ready reserve Infantry divisions . The unit specializes in Urban Warfare , Urban Search and Rescue , Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief , and Civil - Military Operations . The division has been duly recognized by national command authority as one of the best divisions specializing in Urban Search and Rescue Operations , operating primarily within the bounds of the National Capital Region . History . The 15th Infantry Division ( Ready Reserve ) , PA was created pursuant to HPA General Orders Number 290 dated 10 July 2006 . It is composed of line task units re - organized from the deactivated 9th Infantry Division ( Ready Reserve ) PA . Vision . A well disciplined , organized , trained and non - partisan citizen army , able to augment the regular force and respond to national disasters and threats to national security , during peacetime , war or rebellion mandated to perform tasks of Military Operations Other Than War ( MOOTW ) Units . The following are the Base / Brigade units that are under the 15th Infantry Division ( RR ) . Trainings . The following are division - level special trainings undertaken by the unit reservists : Training is supervised and course - directed by reservist officers who are occupational specialty qualified former active duty members already incorporated in the ready reserve force . Unit reservists also undertake regular courses from AFP and regular Army TRADOC and special schools . There are reservists who are already authorized to don infantry , ordnance , civil military operations , psychological operations and airborne badges . The unit reservists also undertake specialized trainings from other government agencies . Many unit officers and personnel have already served the fixed two - year called - to - active - duty tour in the regular force . As a modern reserve force , many possess advanced degrees , technical and professional certifications that are skill gaps in the regular force . And as such , are considered excellent force multipliers in internal security and external defense operations .
Telescoping bolt A weapon with a telescoping bolt ( also known as an overhung bolt ) is one with a bolt which telescope s over , that is , wraps around and past , the breech end of the barrel . This feature reduces the required length of a weapon such as a submachine gun significantly , and it allows rifle designs to be balanced around the pistol grip in a way that gives " pointability " similar to a pistol ' s . While it would be simpler and easier to shorten the bolt to fit completely behind the breech , the bolt must have a certain amount of mass in order to operate reliably with a given caliber . The telescoping bolt moves some of that mass forward of the bolt face , resulting in a bolt which is longer overall , but is shorter behind the bolt face . Though technically a different , distinct concept , nearly all telescoping bolt submachineguns do use an ammunition magazine located in the pistol grip which is used to hold the weapon . History . The telescoping bolt concept first appeared on semi - automatic handguns designed by John Browning , such as the M1911 - series pistol produced for the U . S . Army . These pistols feature a slide , which acts as both a barrel shroud and the bolt . This allowed Browning to design compact pistols for high - powered cartridges . The first production model submachinegun using the telescoping bolt concept was the Czechoslovakian Cz 23 aka Sa . 23 or vz . 48b series , first produced in 1948 . These submachineguns use a cylindrical telescoping bolt with centered barrel . While widely exported in the third world , the Cz 23 series was not well known in the west . The first popularly well known example was the Uzi submachine gun , designed in Israel by a designer inspired by the Cz 23 series . It uses a rectangular bolt , with a barrel which is offset toward the bottom of the bolt . This configuration places the axis of recoil lower , increasing the controllability of the weapon in full - automatic fire . The Uzi was designed in 1948 after the first models of the Cz 23 were seen , and entered service in 1954 ( after official adoption in 1951 ) . Subsequently , the telescoping bolt has been used in a wide variety of submachinegun designs . Comparisons . As the image diagrams demonstrate , the basic concept of a telescoping bolt with the magazine well in the handgrip produces significantly more compact weapons . These diagrams show the 1938 design ( 1939 service ) MP - 40 submachinegun , which is 630 mm ( 25 inch ) long , weighed around 4 kilograms ( 8 . 8 pounds ) and has a 251 mm ( 10 inch ) barrel , and the similar materials and production technology Uzi , a 1948 design ( 1951 adoption with 1954 service ) , which is 470 mm ( 19 inch ) long with stock folded and weighed 3 . 5 kilograms ( 7 . 7 pounds ) and uses a 251 mm ( 10 inch ) barrel . Utilizing nothing more than a configuration change , and the same materials and fabrication technologies , the Uzi is 500 grams ( 1 pound ) lighter and 160 mm ( 6 inches ) shorter .
Gvardeysk Gvardeysk ( ; ; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Gvardeysky District of Kaliningrad Oblast , Russia , located on the right bank of the Pregolya River east of Kaliningrad . Population : History . Peter of Dusburg wrote of a settlement known as " Tapiow " , first documented in 1254 , and the neighboring fort " Surgurbi " built by 1265 . The Old Prussian names were derived from " tape , teplu , toplu , tapi " , meaning " warm " , and " sur garbis " , meaning " around the mountain " . During the 13th century Prussian Crusade , the area was conquered by the Teutonic Knights . To protect Samland from the Nadrovians and Scalovians , the crusaders built a wooden fort between the Deime and Pregel rivers from 1283 – 90 . This was replaced by Tapiau Castle , a stone Ordensburg , in 1351 . The settlement gradually became known by the German crusaders as " Tapiau " . Vytautas , the later Grand Duke of Lithuania , was baptized in Tapiau in 1385 . After the transfer of the Grand Master ' s seat from Marienburg to Königsberg , Tapiau became the site of the Order ' s archives and library from 1469 – 1722 . Tapiau became part of the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 . Tapiau Castle was often used as a second residences of the Prussian dukes ; Albert of Prussia died there in 1568 . The town became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 , receiving town rights from King Frederick William I of Prussia in 1722 . It was part of the Prussian Province of East Prussia and was administered in Landkreis Wehlau ( 1818 – 1945 ) . Tapiau became part of the German Empire during the unification of Germany in 1871 . Unlike most other towns in northern East Prussia , Tapiau was largely undamaged during World War II . Following the war ' s end in 1945 , it was annexed by the Soviet Union and renamed Gvardeysk ( " guard town " ) in 1946 . The German population was murdered or expelled and replaced by Russians . Tapiau ' s most famous resident was the painter Lovis Corinth ( 1858 – 1925 ) , who donated the painting " Golgatha " for the altar of the town ' s church in 1910 ; the painting disappeared near the end of World War II . The house where Corinth was born still stands in Gvardeysk . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of Gvardeysk depicts a bare hand holding a sword amongst clouds , beneath a golden sun . When the town was known as Tapiau before 1945 , the golden sun also included the Tetragrammaton ( " Jehova - Sonne " ) . Sights . Sights of Gvardeysk include a church from 1502 and the ruined Castle Tapiau , reconstructed into an orphanage in 1879 . It has been used as a prison since 1945 .
Clark R . Wever Clark Russell Wever ( September 16 , 1835 – February 20 , 1874 ) was an American Union brevet brigadier general from Illinois during the period of the American Civil War . Before the war , he traveled through Mexico and Texas . At the beginning of the war , this banker was elected a captain of the 17th Iowa Volunteer Infantry . In October 1862 , he was promoted to lieutenant - colonel . He served in the Chattanooga campaign and Sherman ' s March to the Sea . He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to February 9 , 1865 .
39th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The British 39th Infantry Brigade was a military formation of the British Army that was first established during World War I and reformed in the 1950s . World Wars . The British 39th Infantry Brigade was first formed as part of the 13th ( Western ) Division in World War I , and was with the Division in Gallipoli , Mesopotamia , and Persia for the entire war . The Brigade was detached from the Division between 10 July and 19 August 1918 , to Dunsterforce . The Brigade was not reformed for World War II . Post World War II . The Brigade was reformed in the early 1950s in the United Kingdom , and on the reformation of the 3rd Infantry Division on 1 April 1951 , the Brigade became part of it , along with the 19th Infantry Brigade and 32nd Guards Brigade . Its first operational summons was in October that year , when it was moved to Cyprus aboard two aircraft carriers , and then on to Egypt . It took up duties in the south of the canal zone with two battalions , the 1st Buffs ( Royal East Kent Regiment ) and 1st Battalion , Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers . It was joined by 1st Battalion , The Border Regiment , soon afterwards . In October 1952 , it was returned to the UK in order to rebuild the strategic reserve , and in February 1953 , it was warned for operations in Kenya . Again at a strength of two battalions , 1st Buffs being joined by 1st Battalion , The Devonshire Regiment , it arrived in April 1953 and was soon deployed in Kenya ' s Rift Valley , commanded by Brigadier J . W . Tweedie . After over a year of operations , both the Buffs and Devons were withdrawn and relieved in December 1954 and January 1955 , respectively . Reliefs were 1st Battalion King ' s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and 1st Battalion The Rifle Brigade . The Brigade left Kenya in 1956 for Northern Ireland . Having been withdrawn from Kenya , the Brigade HQ under Brigadier C . H . ( ' Monkey ' ) Blacker was dispatched to Aden from Northern Ireland in May 1964 , to relieve HQ Aden Garrison in an operational role at Thumier . The Brigade was involved in operations along the Radfan until October , when control was passed to HQ 24th Infantry Brigade . Northern Ireland . Back in the UK , the Brigade joined the reforming 5th Infantry Division on its establishment on 1 April 1968 . From August 1969 , the Brigade , as 39 Airportable Brigade , was involved in The Troubles in Northern Ireland , eventually taking on responsibility , under HQ Northern Ireland , for an area including Belfast and the eastern side of the province , but excluding the South Armagh border region . From September 1970 , it was commanded by ( then ) Brigadier Frank Kitson . The Brigade took on some units from 3 Brigade when it was disbanded on 1 September 2004 . The HQ 8 Infantry Brigade based in Shackleton Barracks , Ballykelly , County Londonderry was disbanded and handed over responsibility to HQ 39 Infantry Brigade , Lisburn , on 1 September 2006 . On 1 August 2007 , the Brigade was amalgamated with 107 ( Ulster ) Brigade when the new non - deployable brigade HQ , the 38 ( Irish ) Brigade , was formed in the province .