naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Anthony Pohlmann Anthony Pohlmann was a Hanoverian soldier who served in the armies of the British East India Company and Daulat Scindia . Pohlmann arrived in India as a sergeant in a Hanoverian regiment serving the East India Company in Madras . He deserted his regiment in 1792 or 1793 and took employment in the army of the Maratha prince , Daulat Scindia . He served under the French mercenary Benoît de Boigne , who promoted him to captain in 1794 . By 1795 he was in command of a battalion of infantry , serving alongside the Anglo - Indian military adventurer , James Skinner . In early 1799 , Pierre Cuillier - Perron – who superseded de Boigne as the overall commander of Scindia ' s troops – promoted Pohlmann to colonel and gave him command of Scindia ' s second brigade . At the Battle of Assaye in 1803 , Pohlmann effectively commanded all the regular battalions in the Maratha army , after Scindia and the Rajah of Berar absented themselves before the battle . Some historians , however , claim that Pohlmann was not present at Assaye , but had been imprisoned for refusing to fight the British . He re - entered service with the East India Company as a lieutenant colonel in 1804 .
Concept of operations A concept of operations ( abbreviated CONOPS , CONOPs , or ConOps ) is a document describing the characteristics of a proposed system from the viewpoint of an individual who will use that system . It is used to communicate the quantitative and qualitative system characteristics to all stakeholder s . CONOPS are widely used in the military , governmental services and other fields . A CONOPS generally evolves from a concept and is a description of how a set of capabilities may be employed to achieve desired objective s or end state . In the field of joint military operations , a CONOPS in DoD terminology is a verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources . CONOPS may also be used or summarized in system acquisition DODAF descriptions such as the OV - 1 High Level Operational Concept Graphic . Description . Concept of Operations documents can be developed in many different ways , but usually share the same properties . In general , a CONOPS will include the following : A CONOPS should relate a narrative of the process to be followed in implementing a system . It should define the roles of the stakeholders involved throughout the process . Ideally it offers clear methodology to realize the goals and objectives for the system , while not intending to be an implementation or transition plan itself . A CONOPS Standard is available to guide the development of a CONOPS document . The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) Standard is structured around information systems , but the standard may be applied to other complex systems as well .
Super High Altitude Research Project The Super High Altitude Research Project ( Super HARP , SHARP ) was a U . S . government project conducting research into the firing of high - velocity projectiles high into the atmosphere using a two stage light gas gun , with the ultimate goal of propelling satellites into Earth orbit . Design work on the prototype space gun began as early as 1985 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and became operational in December 1992 . It is the largest gas gun in the world . Design and operation . Rather than a single straight barrel , the SHARP gun uses an L - shape design with 2 separate sections ; the long steel combustion section & pump tube section is connected to the long launch tube ( or barrel ) at a right angle . 100 - ton rail - mounted sleds sit a both ends of the pump tube to absorb recoil energy from firing and a smaller 10 - ton sled is mounted on a perpendicular set of tracks at the aft - end of the launch - tube near the junction point . The firing sequence begins with the ignition of a methane gas mixture in the combustion section behind the piston at the far end of the pump tube . The resultant explosion rapidly drives the 1 - ton steel piston down the pump tube and further compresses the pre - pressurized hydrogen gas that fills the other end of the pump tube . As the piston accelerates toward the junction point , it rapidly compresses the hydrogen gas in the pump tube to a pressure of . The small projectile , meanwhile , rests in the adjacent depressurized launch tube . As the hydrogen gas reaches maximum pressure , a coupling holding the projectile in place is destroyed and the hydrogen drives the projectile down a 4 - in diameter barrel at extremely high velocities until it bursts through a thin plastic sheet covering the end of the gun . All recoil forces are absorbed by the rail - mounted sleds as they are propelled outwards along their tracks . Tests and cancellation . Headed by John Hunter , the SHARP gun fired projectiles using expanding hydrogen and achieved velocities of or Mach 8 . 8 for projectiles . Had the project continued , there were plans to elevate the tube and begin space launch trials potentially reaching speeds of up to , or about Mach 21 . The tests were designed as a precursor to the " " Jules Verne Launcher " , " an even larger light gas gun with a barrel length designed in the early 1990s for first - stage satellite launch . This was to cost $ 1 billion , but funding was not forthcoming and the project was eventually canceled in 1995 . However , the SHARP gun continued to be used for high - speed tests in other areas of research , such as scramjet development . The concept of ballistic escape velocity is well proven . The largest challenge is maintaining such high velocities , because air resistance and aerothermal heating will significantly slow down any such object .
German submarine U - 493 Had she been completed , " U - 493 " would have been a Type XIV supply and replenishment U - boat ( " " Milchkuh " " ) of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 25 September 1943 , by Deutsche Werke of Kiel . However , extreme losses amongst the existing fleet of Milchkuh submarines led Karl Dönitz to conclude further production of these boats was not a viable plan . All fourteen outstanding orders for type XIV submarines were cancelled . Plans for a type XX Milchkuh were dropped and the thirty planned boats of that class were cancelled . " U - 493 " was never launched , and was broken up on the building ways after reaching about 75 % completion .
Fort Mott ( Vermont ) Fort Mott , located in Pittsford , Vermont , was a picket fort used by American militia men during the American Revolutionary War . The fort was constructed by the citizens of Pittsford as a sanctuary in case of approaching British troops or hostile Native Americans . The Battle of Hubbardton was the only major battle fought in Vermont during the war . Just before the battle , fought on July 7 , 1777 , the townspeople of Pittsford had to evacuate the town . Those that returned decided to build the fort for their own protection ; construction was finished later that same year . It is located on the east bank of the Otter Creek , which provided the fort ' s fresh water . It was only later named Fort Mott , after , the fort ' s commander , John Mott .
Stan Gurney Arthur Stanley " Stan " Gurney VC ( 15 December 1908 – 22 July 1942 ) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 33 years old , and a private in the 2 / 48th Battalion ( South Australia ) , Australian Imperial Force during the Second World War when he was awarded the VC ( posthumously ) for the following deed . On 22 July 1942 at Tel - el - Eisa , Egypt , during the First Battle of El Alamein , intense machine - gun fire held up the company to which Private Gurney belonged and inflicted heavy casualties on it , including killing or wounding all the officers . Private Gurney , realizing the seriousness of the situation , charged the nearest machine - gun post , silencing the guns and bayoneting three of the crew . He bayoneted two more at a second post before a grenade knocked him down . Picking himself up , he charged a third post and disappeared from view . Later , his comrades , whose advance he had made possible , found his body . The Stan Gurney ward at the former Repatriation General Hospital , Hollywood , and the Stan Gurney V . C . Memorial Bike Race , held annually in Western Australia , are named in his honour . Medals . Gurney ' s medal group , including his Victoria Cross , came into the National Collection in 1994 , and is on permanent display at the Australian War Memorial .
16 ( Regina ) Field Ambulance 16 ( Regina ) Field Ambulance is a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve medical unit in Regina , Saskatchewan . History . This unit has a long and distinguished history that lives up to the medical corps tradition of being faithful in adversity . It is the latest in a line of Saskatchewan army medical units dating back to 21 Field Ambulance of World War I and 10 Field Ambulance of World War II . World War II . From 1940 to 1941 , the unit trained at Camp Dundurn , in preparation for deployment to England . Once deployed , the unit provided medical services , as well as successfully evacuating thousands of Canadian and Allied units . Post - World War II to 1990 . In the early 1970s , the unit was disbanded along with all militia medical units across Canada , but was reformed as a Medical Company , as part of 16 Service Battalion , a combat service support unit , based out of Regina Garrison in Regina , Saskatchewan . 1990 - Present . In the early 1990s , the unit received official detachment status for its detachment operating in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , out of Sgt . Hugh Cairns VC Armoury . In 2004 , the Canadian Forces Medical Service underwent a reorganization , and 16 Medical Company became its own unit again , and was renamed 16 ( Regina ) Field Ambulance . Royal Canadian Army Cadets . 16 ( Regina ) Field Ambulance is affiliated with 328 Royal Canadian Army Medical Cadet Corps , based in Saskatoon .
Ranks of the Bangladesh Army The Bangladesh Army ( ) is the land forces branch of the Military of Bangladesh . The rank structure of the Bangladesh Army is modeled along the armies of the Commonwealth Nations . General is the highest rank of Bangladesh Army . Ranks . The ranks shown below are in descending order .
Siege of Ambur The Siege of Ambur ( 10 November – 7 December 1767 ) was conducted by a combined force of Mysorean and Hyderabadi troops under the command of Hyder Ali against the town of Ambur in southern India during the First Anglo - Mysore War . The town was defended by a garrison of local troops and a small force of British East India Company troops under the command of Captain Calvert . The siege was lifted when company reinforcements arrived .
Milecastle 11 Milecastle 11 ( Throckley Bank Top ) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian ' s Wall . No remains exist , but the measured position is the middle of the old village of Throckley Bank Top , under the Working Men ' s Club . Construction . Nothing is known of the construction of Milecastle 11 . The curtain wall at this point is known to have been thick with a clay core . Associated Turrets . Each milecastle on Hadrian ' s Wall had two associated turret structures . These turrets were positioned approximately one - third and two - thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle , and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle ' s garrison . The turrets associated with Milecastle 11 are known as Turret 11A and Turret 11B . Turret 11A . Investigation in 1928 failed to find Turret 11A ( Heddon Hall ) . Presumed location : Turret 11B . Turret 11B ( Great Hill ) was located just to the east of the summit of Great Hill . No masonry remains , but the location was confirmed in 1919 by the discovery of pottery and occupation earth . Location on Ordnance Survey 1 : 25 000 map :
Anne - Sofie Østvedt Anne - Sofie Østvedt , ( later married Strømnæs ) , ( 2 January 1920 – 16 November 2009 ) was one of the leaders of the Norwegian intelligence organisation XU . She started her resistance work by publishing underground newspaper s , and in December 1941 XU recruited her . The Gestapo began hunting her in the Autumn of 1942 and she had to live undercover for the rest of the war . Despite her young age , she was vital to the organisation and was second in command , but her identity was a strict secret and almost none within the XU knew her . Since one of her cover names was " Aslak " - a male name in Norway - it was a huge surprise for many to meet her after the war was over . After the end of the war she received a scholarship and from the summer of 1945 she studied chemistry at the University of California , Berkeley , graduated with a master ' s degree and then returned to Norway in 1951 . Studying with her in California was the leader of XU , Øistein Strømnæs , whom she married .
David Chavchavadze David Chavchavadze ( born May 20 , 1924 ) is an American author and a former Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) officer of Georgian - Russia n origin . Chavchavadze was born in London to Prince Paul Chavchavadze ( 1899 – 1971 ) and Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia ( 1901 – 1974 ) , a descendant of a prominent Georgian noble family and the Imperial Russia n dynasty . His father , Prince Paul , was a fiction writer and translator of writings from Georgian into English , and an émigré in the United Kingdom , and then the United States . Chavchavadze entered the United States Army in 1943 and served during World War II as liaison for the U . S . Army Air Force Lend - Lease supply operations to the Soviet Union . After the war , he entered Yale University where he was a member of The Society of Orpheus and Bacchus , the second longest running a cappella group in the United States . He spent more than two decades of his career as a CIA officer in the Soviet Union Division . After his retirement , Chavchavadze specialized in tracing the nobility of Imperial Russia and authored " The Grand Dukes " ( 1989 ) . He also published " Crowns and Trenchcoats : A Russian Prince in the CIA " ( 1989 ) based on his CIA experiences , and translated " Stronger Than Power : A Collection of Stories " by the Russian author Sandji B . Balykov . As a grandchild of a Russian Grand Duke , he is an Associate Member of the Romanov Family Association . Through his mother , David Chavchavadze is great - great - grandson ( through Grand Duke Mikhail Nicholaevich ) and simultaneously great - great - great - grandson ( through Queen of Greece , Olga Constantinovna ) of Nicholas I .
Operation Innkeeper Operation Innkeeper ( " " Unternehmen Gastwirt " " in German ) was an aborted plan devised in Autumn 1941 to send two Irish Abwehr agents to London on a sabotage mission . One of the two agents was John Codd , an Irish national captured while serving in the British Army in 1940 . While radio and sabotage training for Innkeeper did take place the plan was aborted due to the general collapse of German efforts to train and recruit suitable Irish agents as part of its Friesack Camp experiment .
William Thomas Ward William Thomas Ward ( August 9 , 1808 – October 12 , 1878 ) was a brigadier general in the United States Army during the American Civil War , a United States Congressman from the U . S state Kentucky , and member of the Kentucky Legislature . Biography . William T . Ward was born in Amelia County , Virginia . He attended common schools and then St . Mary ' s College near Lebanon , Kentucky . Ward studied law and was admitted to the bar , beginning practice in Greensburg , Kentucky . Ward served in the Mexican - American War as major of the 4th Kentucky Volunteers from 1847 to 1848 . In 1850 , Ward served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives . He was elected to represent the Kentucky 4th Congressional District to U . S . Congress as a member of the Whig Party , serving in the House of Representatives 32nd Congress ( March 4 , 1851 to March 3 , 1853 ) . He did not stand for renomination in 1852 . With the outbreak of the Civil War , Ward was commissioned as a brigadier general in the Union Army , serving throughout the war . Ward led a brigade in XX Corps during the early stages of the Atlanta Campaign . After MG Daniel Butterfield went on leave , Ward commanded third division XX Corps for the remainder of the campaign including conspicuous service at the battle of Peachtree Creek . He also led it in Sherman ' s March to the Sea and the Carolinas Campaign . After the war was over , he returned to the private practice of law in Louisville , Kentucky . Ward died in 1878 and was buried in the Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville , Kentucky .
Austrian State Treaty The Austrian State Treaty ( German : ) or Austrian Independence Treaty re - established Austria as a sovereign state . It was signed on May 15 , 1955 , in Vienna at the Schloss Belvedere among the Allied occupying powers ( France , the United Kingdom , the United States , and the Soviet Union ) and the Austrian government . It officially came into force on July 27 , 1955 . Its full title is " Treaty for the re - establishment of an independent and democratic Austria , signed in Vienna on the 15 May 1955 " ( ) . Generalities and structure . The treaty re - established a free , sovereign and democratic Austria . The basis for the treaty was the Moscow Declaration of October 30 , 1943 . The signators of the treaty were the foreign minister s of the time : Vyacheslav Molotov ( Soviet Union ) , John Foster Dulles ( USA ) , Harold Macmillan ( United Kingdom ) and Antoine Pinay ( France ) on behalf of the Allies , and Leopold Figl as the Austrian foreign minister , as well as the four High Commissioners of the occupying powers : Ivan I . Ilitchov ( Soviet Union ) , Geoffrey Arnold Wallinger ( United Kingdom ) , Llewellyn E . Thompson Jr . ( USA ) , Roger Lalouette ( France ) . The treaty is divided into 9 parts : Development . First attempts to negotiate a treaty were made by the first post - war government . However , they failed because the Allies wanted to see a peace treaty with Germany first . A treaty became less likely with the development of the Cold War . However , Austria successfully held its part of Carinthia against the demands of a resurgent Communist Yugoslavia , even though the issue of potential reunification with South Tyrol , annexed by Italy from Austria - Hungary in 1919 , was not addressed . The climate for negotiations improved with Joseph Stalin ' s death in 1953 , and negotiations with the Soviet foreign minister , Molotov , secured the breakthrough in February 1955 . Important points in the treaty . As well as general regulations and recognition of the Austrian state , the minority rights of the Slovene and Croat minorities were also expressly detailed . Anschluss ( political union ) with the new Germany , as had happened in 1938 , was forbidden . Nazi and fascist organisations were prohibited . Furthermore , Austria announced that it would declare itself permanently neutral after the enactment of the treaty . The USSR had expressed its wish for such a declaration of neutrality as a guarantee that Austria would not join NATO after Soviet troops had been withdrawn . Austrian neutrality was not actually in the original text of the treaty , but it was added by the Austrian parliament . Result . As a result of the treaty the Allies left Austrian territory on October 25 , 1955 . October 26 was celebrated as a national holiday ( called the Day of the Flag until 1965 ) . It is sometimes thought to commemorate the withdrawal of Allied troops , but in fact celebrates Austria ' s Declaration of Neutrality , which was passed on October 26 , 1955 .
Chung Il - kwon General Chung Il - kwon ( Korean : 정일권 ; hanja : 丁一權 , November 21 , 1917 – January 17 , 1994 ) was a South Korean politician and solder , ambassador , and General during the Korean War . His penname was Chungsa ( Korean : 청사 ) . Chung was Foreign Minister 1963 to 1964 , and Prime Minister of South Korea from 1964 to 1970 . He was the Republic of Korea Ambassador to USA from 1960 - 1961 and 1962 - 1963 . He was one of allies of President Park Chung - hee ( Korean : 박정희 ) . Life . Chung graduated from the Tokyo Military Academy in 1940 , then joined the Imperial Japanese Army and served in China . Following the Japanese surrender , he served with the Chinese nationalist army . He led the South Korean Army for much of the Korean War , including the important UN Battle of Inchon in 1950 . After retiring in 1957 , he served as South Korea ' s Prime Minister and as the South Korean ambassador to the United States and France . In 1957 , Chung was a Republic of Korea Ambassador to Turkey . In 1960 , an Ambassador to France , then Republic of Korea Ambassador to U . S . A . from 1960 - 1961 and 1962 - 1963 . In 1963 he became the Foreign Minister until 1964 and the Prime minister of South Korea until 1970 .
Dumitru Burlan Dumitru Burlan ( born May 11 , 1939 , Licurici , Gorj County ) is a Romania n former Securitate officer . During the , he worked for the Securitate . He was the chief of bodyguards of President Nicolae Ceauşescu , and served once as his stand - in ( double ) , but was not able to protect Ceauşescu from arrest and execution during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 . Ten years after the revolution , he published his understanding of the revolutionary events and his beliefs about Ceauşescu . After publishing details about the coup , he received several death threats . He declared himself proud of having served Ceauşescu , and he considers Ceauşescu to have been one of the most intelligent and greatest leaders in history .
Henry MacDonald Henry MacDonald VC ( 28 May 1823 – 15 February 1893 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . MacDonald was 31 years old , and a colour sergeant in the Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 19 April 1855 at Sebastopol , Crimea , Colour - Sergeant MacDonald acted with great gallantry when engaged in effecting a lodgement in the enemy ' s rifle - pits in front of the left advance of the Right Attack . Subsequently when the Engineer officers were badly wounded Colour - Sergeant MacDonald took command and he determinedly persisted in carrying on the sap notwithstanding the repeated attacks of the enemy . Further information . He later achieved the rank of honorary captain . The medal . This medal is now in the care of Glasgow Museums and is in open storage at the Glasgow Museums Resource Centre , 200 Woodhead Road , Glasgow . These stores are open to the public with daily tours and the medal can be viewed on request .