naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Sunicas Sunicas ( ) was a Hun who served in the Byzantine military during the Iberian War , in the early reign of Emperor Justinian I ( r . 527 – 565 ) . Biography . According to Zacharias of Mytilene , Sunicas was a Hun who fled to the Byzantine Empire , where he was baptized . By 527 , he was an officer stationed at the fortress of Dara in Mesopotamia along with Simmas , and defended it against Sassanid Persian attacks . In 530 , he appears as a " dux " , although it is not clear whether he held the territorial command of " dux Mesopotamiae " or if he just received the title . In this capacity , he participated at the great Byzantine victory in the Battle of Dara in June 530 , where , along with Aigan , he commanded a 600 - strong unit of Hun cavalry stationed on the Byzantine left flank . During the battle , Sunicas ' s Huns repelled the Persian attack on the Byzantine left and were then sent by Belisarius , the Byzantine commander , to reinforce the threatened right flank . There , Sunicas killed the Persian second - in - command , Baresmanes , as well as his standard - bearer , and the Sassanid Persians began to fall back in panic , cementing the Byzantine victory . In the next year , he served again under Belisarius in his new campaign against Sassanid Persia . On his own initiative , he led a force into the Persian rear , where he caught many Persians and their Arab allies out foraging . He killed some of them and captured others for interrogation . However , as he had acted without orders , Belisarius severely reprimanded him , and only through the mediation of Belisarius ' s co - commander Hermogenes were the two reconciled . At the Battle of Callinicum ( April 19 , 531 ) , Sunicas and Simmas were placed in command of the Byzantine left . Although they repelled the successive Persian attacks , the remainder of the army was defeated and forced to withdraw . Sunicas and his men , mostly infantry , nevertheless continued to fight , preventing the Sassanid Persians from pursuing the defeated Byzantines . Nothing is known of him thereafter .
18th Field Artillery Regiment ( United States ) The 18th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1916 . History . The ' 18th Field Artillery was constituted 1 July 1916 in the Regular Army . A gold color metal and enamel device 1 1 / 16 inches ( 2 . 70 cm ) in height consisting of a shield blazoned : Azure , three bendlets sinister Argent , a bend double - cottized potente counter - potente Or ; on a canton Gules a mullet within a fish - hook fesswise , ring to dexter and barb to base , of the second ( for the 5th Field Artillery ) . The shield is the shoulder patch of the 3rd Division , the bend and bendlets are from the arms of Champagne . The canton indicates the parentage of the regiment . The fishhook and Star are from the coat of arms of the 5th Field Artillery ; the union battle line of Gettysburg was in the shape of a fishhook and the corps badge of Slocum ’ s 12th Corps was a star . The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment on 2 October 1923 . It was amended to correct the method of wear on 25 May 1925 . It was amended to correct the blazon on 12 July 1928 . It was redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Battalion on 4 September 1943 . The insignia was redesignated for the 18th Artillery Regiment on 18 November 1958 . It was again redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971 . Azure , three bendlets sinister Argent , a bend double - cottized potente counter - potente Or ; on a canton Gules a mullet within a fish - hook fesswise , ring to dexter and barb to base , of the second ( for the 5th Field Artillery ) . On a wreath of the colors Argent and Azure an eagle ’ s head erased Or gorged with a collar Sable charged with a Lorraine cross of the first . The shield is the shoulder patch of the 3rd Division , the bend and bendlets are from the arms of Champagne . The canton indicates the parentage of the regiment . The fishhook and Star are from the coat of arms of the 5th Field Artillery ; the union battle line of Gettysburg was in the shape of a fishhook and the corps badge of Slocum ’ s 12th Corps was a star . The crest is from the coat of arms of St . Mihiel . The motto is an extract from the citation received by the 18th . The coat of arms was originally approved for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment on 18 May 1923 . It was amended to correct the blazon on 12 July 1928 . It was redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Battalion on 4 September 1943 . The insignia was redesignated for the 18th Artillery Regiment on 18 November 1958 . It was again redesignated for the 18th Field Artillery Regiment effective 1 September 1971 .
Holless Wilbur Allen Holless Wilbur Allen , Jr . ( July 12 , 1909 – June 28 , 1979 ) was the inventor of the compound bow . Inventor . H . W . Allen , Jr . revolutionized the archery industry worldwide with the invention and patent of the compound bow in the 1960s . In the early 1960s , the USA experienced an increased interest in bow hunting . Holless Wilbur Allen was mechanically minded and sawed the ends off a conventional recurve bow and then added pulleys to each end . Allen experimented with a number of designs to eventually apply for a patent on June 23 , 1966 , and was granted to him in December 1969 . With the help of bowmaker Tom Jennings , he became the first manufacturer of compound bows . Of the five bow manufacturing companies to retain the right to manufacture compound bows utilizing Allen ' s design and patent , PSE ( Precision Shooting Equipment ) is the only survivor . PSE is the parent company of Browning Archery and the former Archery Research ( AR ) .
William E . Woodruff ( soldier ) William E . Woodruff was an American soldier who served as colonel of the 25th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War . Woodruff was given temporary brigade and division command in the Army of the Cumberland , but not promoted to brigadier general . He resigned in January 1863 out of frustration for his lack of advancement and was replaced by Brig . Gen . Thomas T . Crittenden . Biography . Woodruff was born in Kentucky and educated in the common schools . He studied law , passed his bar exam , and established a successful practice in Louisville . He established strong ties with the local Republican Party . Early in the war , Woodruff was colonel of the 2nd Kentucky Infantry . He was captured at the Battle of Scarey Creek in western Virginia in 1861 and imprisoned for nine months in a Confederate prisoner - of - war camp . In April 1862 He was released in a prisoner exchange and placed in command of the 25th Illinois Infantry . He led a brigade in Jefferson C . Davis ' s division at the Battle of Stones River in late 1862 . He fell from his horse and fractured his right ankle and badly damaged his right knee , incapacitating him for several months . During his recovery , he tendered his resignation in a letter dated January 19 , 1863 , to General Davis . Woodruff was also very active in Freemasonry in Kentucky . In a Masonic career spanning fifty years , he “ advanced through the chairs ” in Clarke Lodge No . 51 in Louisville until his election as Master of that lodge in 1855 . Also active in the Grand Lodge of Kentucky , he served on several Grand Lodge committees , and was appointed as a minor Grand Lodge officer in 1859 by the Grand Master of Kentucky , Rob Morris . In 1860 , along with other Louisville Masons , he chartered a new lodge – Falls City Lodge No . 376 – and served as its first Senior Warden .
Roger of Salerno Roger of Salerno ( or Roger of the Principate ) ( died June 28 , 1119 ) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119 . He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred , Prince of Galilee , both participants on the First Crusade . He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112 ; the actual prince , Bohemund II , was still a child . Like Tancred , Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo . In 1114 there was an earthquake that destroyed many of the fortifications of the principality , and Roger took great care to rebuild them , especially those near the frontier . Roger defeated Bursuq bin Bursuq in 1114 at the Battle of Sarmin , and in 1115 at the Battle of Tell Danith . With Joscelin I of Edessa , Roger put enough military pressure on Aleppo that the city allied with Ortoqid emir Ilghazi in 1118 . Ilghazi invaded the Principality in 1119 , and despite the urging of the Patriarch , Roger did not wait for reinforcements from Jerusalem or Tripoli . At the ensuing Battle of Ager Sanguinis he had 700 knights and 3000 foot soldiers , including 500 Armenian cavalry , but nearly all were killed , including Roger himself . Ilghazi ' s forces scattered to plunder the surrounding land and did not attack Antioch itself . Baldwin II of Jerusalem came north to take over the regency of the principality . Roger ' s reign was chronicled by his chancellor Walter .
42 cm Haubitze M . 14 / 16 The 42 cm L / 15 Küstenhaubitze M . 14 ( 42 cm , 15 caliber , Coastal Howitzer Model 14 ) was a superheavy siege howitzer used by Austria - Hungary during World War I and by Nazi Germany during World War II . It was designed to penetrate the weakly armored decks of modern dreadnought s in accord with the prevailing coastal defense doctrine that held it was better to attack the weakest point with high - angle indirect fire than to attempt to challenge their strongly - armored sides with exceedingly expensive guns that had to be equally as well armored to withstand return fire from the battleship . Howitzers were significantly cheaper and could be hidden behind hills to avoid the expense of armoring them . The known problem of hitting a moving target with indirect fire was to be alleviated by massed fire from multiple weapons all firing with the same data . At any rate , two howitzers were bought to defend the main Austro - Hungarian naval base at Pola on the Adriatic . They were to be installed on a turntable carriage with an armored dome able to traverse a full 360° for all - around defense . The turntable rested on a ball - race ring , set in a concrete foundation . However , with Pola unthreatened after the outbreak of the war , it was decided that they might be better used in support of the Army . The first howitzer was already fixed in place , but the second wasn ' t yet installed and Skoda was able to adapt it for mobile use by January 1915 . On the 14th of that month , Howitzer No . 2 , assigned to Küstenhaubitze Batterie ( Coastal Howitzer Battery ) no . 1 , fired its first shot at the railway station in Tarnow , Austrian Poland . Eight M . 14s were eventually ordered ( along with a spare barrel and cradle ) , although one was retained by Skoda . Barrel production was very slow , so slow that barrels originally ordered for coastal mounts were put into service as part of the 42 cm Autohaubitze ( Motorized Howitzer ) M . 16 . One surviving gun was used in 1940 by Nazi Germany to shell the Ouvrage Schoenenbourg from a position near Oberotterbach ; the 60 - and 80 - cm guns later used by the Third Reich ( for example at Sevastopol ) were not ready in time for the French campaign , so World War I vintage heavy pieces like this Skoda and also a surviving Gamma - Gerät tube had to be used . The Skoda , apparently the sole M17 model , entered German possession following the annexation of Czechoslovakia in 1938 / 39 , and was renamed from " 42 cm houfnice vz . 17 " to " 42 cm Haubitze ( t ) " ; it also served at Leningrad and Sevastopol , even though its barrel life was rated to only 1 , 000 rounds . Another piece , an M16 model , was captured at Györ in Hungary during the Hungarian – Romanian War of 1919 , together with the 38 cm Belagerungshaubitze M 16 no 2 " Gudrun " . It is exhibited at the National Military Museum in Bucharest .
38 cm Belagerungshaubitze M 16 The 38 cm Belagerungshaubitze M 16 ( Siege Howitzer Model 16 ) was a superheavy siege howitzer used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . History and Design . Two howitzers were initially ordered and both ' Barbara ' and ' Gudrun ' , as they were nicknamed , were delivered in time to participate in the South Tyrol offensive of May 1916 . They were very successful and the Austro - Hungarians ordered another fourteen howitzers and two spare barrels , although only eight of these were delivered before the end of the war . The design was based on a scaled - up Škoda 30 . 5 cm Mörser M . 16 design , which sped things up considerably . The howitzer was transported in four loads , the barrel , mount and one for each half of the firing , or bedding , platform . Each load was carried by an eight - wheeled electric - powered trailer with the electricity provided by a Daimler Artillerie - Generatorzugwagen ( Artillery Generator truck ) M . 16 , designed by Ferdinand Porsche . The 6 - cylinder , , 20 . 32 liter gasoline engine powered two electric generators which fed electric motors in each wheel of the trailer and the rear wheels of the truck . Top speed was 14 kilometers per hour . The solid rubber tires could be removed and the trucks could tow their trailers on the rails . For longer distances they could be towed by ordinary locomotives . Combat use . A 52 cubic meter pit had to be excavated to hold the firing platform which took between eight and twenty hours , depending on soil conditions . The bedding halves then were winched into position on rails and jacked down into the pit . The carriage was then mounted on the bedding and the barrel mated to it . All this took between six to eight hours to prepare for firing . A small tilting crane was mounted on the left side of the turntable to move shells from their transport carts to the loading tray . It was also used to assemble the loading tray and to change the breech . The howitzer could only be loaded at 11° elevation because the shells had to be rammed by a hand - powered winch with pushrod . The eight later weapons used the same carriage as the 24 cm Kanone M . 16 ; it had trunnion mounts for both types and the gun used the forward mounts while the howitzer used the rear ones . The fate of these weapons is unclear . None were put into service by the Nazis after the Anschluss , possibly because of a lack of ammunition , and it is not certain that Romania actually used their weapon during World War II . Howitzer No . 6 survives in the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum , Vienna , Austria , while ' Gudrun ' , Howitzer No . 2 is in Bucharest , in the National Military Museum , Romania .
Morpeth Castle Morpeth Castle is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade I listed building at Morpeth , Northumberland , in northeast England . History . The original motte and bailey dating from the 11th century was built on a hill overlooking the River Wansbeck and destroyed by King John in 1216 . A new castle was built in the bailey of the original in the 1340s , but little of that structure survives apart from parts of the curtain wall and the much - altered gatehouse . In 1516 Margaret , sister of Henry VIII and widow of James IV of Scotland , stayed for four months in Morpeth Castle as she fled from her enemies in Scotland and sought refuge with her brother . The one great military event in the castle ’ s history was in 1644 when a garrison of 500 Lowland Scots held it for Parliament for 20 days against 2 , 700 Royalists . The castle was held by and passed by the female line through several illustrious families ; de Merlay , Greystoke , Dacre and Howard , none of whom resided there for any long period . In about 1858 , the gatehouse was restored and converted to provide a staff residence . Lordship of the Manor . The Lordship of the Manor of Morpeth Castle was re - created separately at some point . The current Lord of the Manor of Morpeth Castle , Camilo Agasim - Pereira of Fulwood & Dirleton , Baron of Fulwood & Dirleton , became the Lord of the Manor in 1999 . It is unlikely that he would have inherited the lordship , but that would not prevent the separation of the ownership of the lordship from the castle proper being the subject of a perfectly legal conveyance . Recent history . In 1946 , the castle was acquired by the Borough of Morpeth , but stood empty and neglected till 1960 . At this time it was rented by builder Billy Bell , who refurbished it : building on a kitchen and swimming pool . He also looked after the gardens and for a period it was used as a family home for his large family . The next occupiers ( the trust ) returned the property to its former style , losing the kitchen and pool . It lost its family - home style and became just another rented property for weekenders when in 1988 , it was sold to the Landmark Trust , which carried out refurbishments to the property in order to offer the gatehouse to let as holiday accommodation .
Axis Powers Axis Powers , also known as Axis Forces , Axis Nations , or simply Axis was a major alliance of great powers that participated and fought during the Second World War against the Allies . The alliance began in 1936 after signing full military alliance between German and Italy known as " Rome - Berlin Axis " . It became " Rome - Berlin - Tokyo Axis " after Japan forms an alliance with Germany .
Robert Wauch Robert Andrew Wauch ( 1786 , Edinburgh , Scotland - 1866 ) , Wauch emigrated to Australia in 1836 , at the age of 50 , where the town of Wauchope , New South Wales , was named after him . Robert Wauch is sometimes referred to as Robert Wauchope . The confusion occurred because of a family dispute . When his paternal grandfather died , his heirs disputed the division of the family estate in Edinburgh , ending in a legal battle . After the court case , Robert Wauchope , Robert Wauch ' s father , dropped the " ope " from his name and retired to his property named Foxall . Like his father , Wauch joined the armed services . He retired from service in 28th Regiment of Foot in 1836 and sailed to Sydney , Australia , with his wife and three children . They settled on a property at King Creek in the Hastings Valley . In the next four years he added to his property and built Wauch House . Robert Wauch died in the Macleay area in 1866 , and the Government Gazette published the deeds of his properties , specifying that they should be called Wauchope . When the post office opened in a nearby settlement in 1881 , it was named Wauchope , although the Government Gazette misprinted the name Wanghope , an error that was not corrected for until 1889 .
Black Tot Day Black Tot Day ( July 31 , 1970 ) is the name given to the last day on which the Royal Navy issued sailors with a daily rum ration ( the daily tot ) . In the 17th century the daily drink ration for English sailors was a gallon of beer . Due to the difficulty in storing the large quantities of liquid that this required in 1655 a half pint of rum was made equivalent and became preferred to beer . Over time drunkenness on board naval vessels increasingly became a problem and the ration was formalised in naval regulations by Admiral Edward Vernon in 1740 and ordered to be mixed with water in a 4 : 1 water to rum ratio and split into two servings per day . In the 19th century there was a change in the attitude towards alcohol due to continued discipline problem in the navy and in 1824 the size of the tot was halved to a quarter pint in an effort to improve the situation . In 1850 the Admiralty ' s Grog Committee , convened to look into the issues surrounding the rum ration , recommended that it be eliminated completely . However rather than ending it the navy further halved it to an eighth of a pint per day , eliminating the evening serving of the ration . This led to the ending of the ration for officers in 1881 and warrant officers in 1918 . On December 17 , 1969 the Admiralty Board issued a written answer to a question from the MP for Woolwich East , Christopher Mayhew saying " The Admiralty Board concludes that the rum issue is no longer compatible with the high standards of efficiency required now that the individual ' s tasks in ships are concerned with complex , and often delicate , machinery and systems on the correct functioning of which people ' s lives may depend " . This led to a debate in the House of Commons on the evening of January 28 , 1970 , now referred to as the ' Great Rum Debate ' , started by James Wellbeloved , MP for Erith and Crayford , who believed that the ration should not be removed . The debate lasted an hour and 15 minutes and closed at 10 : 29pm with a decision that the rum ration was no longer appropriate . July 31 , 1970 was the final day of the rum ration and it was poured as usual at 6 bells in the forenoon watch ( 11am ) after the pipe of ' up spirits ' . Some sailors wore black armbands , tots were ' buried at sea ' and in one navy training camp there was a mock funeral procession complete with black coffin and accompanying drummers and piper . The move was not popular with the ratings despite an extra can of beer being added to the daily rations in compensation . A special stamp issued , available from Portsmouth General Post Office , with the slogan " Last Issue of Rum in the Royal Navy July 31 , 1970 " .
Williston B . Palmer Williston Birkhimer Palmer ( November 11 , 1899 – October 11 , 1973 ) was a United States Army four - star general who served as Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army ( VCSA ) from 1955 to 1957 ; Deputy Commander in Chief , United States European Command ( DCINCEUR ) from 1957 to 1959 ; and was the first Director of Military Assistance , 1959 to 1962 . His brother Charles D . Palmer , was also a four - star general , the first pair of brothers in Army history to achieve this , and his grandfather , William E . Birkhimer was a Brigadier General and Medal of Honor recipient . Military career . Palmer was born in Chicago , Illinois on November 11 , 1899 , the oldest son of Colonel Charles Day Palmer . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1919 after an accelerated 3 - year course . During World War II , as a brigadier general , he commanded VII Corps artillery , from the Normandy invasion to the Elbe . In January 1943 Then Brigadier General Palmer was a passenger on a B - 17 which landed in neutral Ireland . He was transferred across the border to Northern Ireland the next day . . Following the war he served as Director of Logistics , European Command , commanded the 82nd Airborne Division in 1950 , followed by command of the 2nd Armored Division in 1951 and X Corps in Korea later that same year . During his tenure as Director of Military Assistance , a scandal erupted over black market activities in Turkey involving military personnel . Palmer defended soldiers who refused to testify to the Senate by pointing out that the Uniform Code of Military Justice protected soldiers from self - incrimination . He caused controversy when in October 1960 , while visiting Saigon , he said the United States was suspending military aid to Laos because of the " confused situation " in there , saying " we have not been sure who is responsible for anything . " After two days of confusion , the U . S . embassy in Vientiane said the announcement had been incorrect and made without instructions from Washington , D . C . During his time as Vice Chief of Staff , in order to save money , he issued an order ending the horse drawn caissons in Arlington National Cemetery . However , his order was countermanded . He retired from the army in 1962 . Palmer died on died November 10 , 1973 , at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington , D . C . He never married , and was buried with his mother in Arlington National Cemetery , and was later joined by his brother .
PT - 85 The PT - 85 is a North Korean produced amphibious light tank , based on the lengthened VTT - 323 APC chassis , and featuring a turret similar in appearance to PT - 76 one with several modifications . The PT - 85 is armed with the 85 mm main gun and an ATGM launcher capable of firing 9M14M Malyutka ATGM . It is also known as Type 82 and Type 85 .