naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
12th Battalion ( Australia ) The 12th Battalion was raised for the First Australian Imperial Force during the First World War . The battalion was recruited from South Australia , Tasmania and Western Australia and formed part of the 3rd Brigade , 1st Division . It served throughout the war , firstly during the Gallipoli Campaign and then on the Western Front . History . The battalion was raised within two weeks of the declaration of war and left Australia two months later . The battalion proceeded to Egypt , arriving on 2 December . The 3rd Brigade was the covering force for the Anzac landing on 25 April 1915 , and went ashore at around 4 . 30 am . In August contributed two companies to the attack on Lone Pine . The battalion served at Gallipoli until the evacuation in December . After the withdrawal from Gallipoli , the battalion returned to Egypt . In March 1916 , it sailed to France and deployed to the Somme . The battalion ' s first major action in France was at Pozières in July 1916 . Later the battalion fought at Ypres , in Belgium , before returning to the Somme in winter . In 1917 , the battalion returned to Belgium to take part the Third Battle of Ypres . In 1918 , the battalion helped to stop the German spring offensive in March and April . The battalion subsequently participated in the greatest Allied offensive of 1918 , launched near Amiens on 8 August 1918 . The battalion continued operations to late September 1918 . The battalion returned to Australia in November for demobilisation and discharge . Legacy . The current 12th / 40th Battalion Royal Tasmania Regiment draws lineage from the 12th Battalion and wears the 12th Battalion ' s unit colour patch . References . Australian War Memorial
Naval Inspector General The Office of Naval Inspector General for the United States Department of the Navy was established during World War II to make investigations as directed by the Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations . The current mission of the Naval Inspector General is " to inspect , investigate , or inquire into matters of importance to the Department of the Navy and maintain the highest level of public confidence " . History . In February 1942 , while undergoing conversion in New York Harbor , USS Lafayette caught fire and subsequently capsized . While only one person was killed in the disaster , the loss of such a prestigious and well - known ship was a tremendous embarrassment to the Navy . Congress launched an investigation into the disaster to determine if the ship ' s loss was an act of foreign sabotage or merely negligence . In its report , Congress expressed frustration with the multiple investigative agencies within the Navy . The committee felt that the Navy Department needed an office of Inspector General to " be charged with the duty of keeping Congress and the Secretary of the Navy informed as to the conditions of the naval service . Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox established the Office of Naval Inspector General on 18 May 1942 with General Order 173 . Initially , the Naval Inspector General was part of the staff of the Commander in Chief , United States Fleet . The initial staff included one deputy and three assistant inspectors . The office served throughout WWII as a ' troubleshooting ' unit for the Chief of Naval Operations ( CNO ) by conducting inquiries and reporting on all matters which affected the efficiency and economy of the Navy ; and by conducting inspections and investigations into any naval matter as required by the Secretary of the Navy , CNO , Congress , or by law . The Goldwater - Nichols Act in 1986 transferred the NIG from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy .
Admiral of the fleet ( Thailand ) Chom Phon Ruea or Admiral of the Fleet is the most senior Naval Officer rank of Thailand in the Royal Thai Navy , and is the equivalent to a Fleet Admiral . Today it is ceremonially held by members of the Thai Royal family . The Royal Thai Army equivalent is known as just " Chom Phon " and " Chom Phon Akat " for the Royal Thai Air Force . The King of Thailand as Head of the Armed Forces is automatically made a Chom Phon Rau upon accession , The rank was created in 1888 , together with all other ranks by King Chulalongkorn , who wanted to modernize his Armed Forces through western lines . Since then all monarchs have held this title . Apart from these others both inside and outside the Royal Family has been awarded this rank .
1st Air Support Operations Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 1st Air Support Operations Squadron ( 1 ASOS ) is a combat support unit located at Wiesbaden , Germany . The 1 ASOS provides Tactical Command and Control of air power assets to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations . In March 2011 , when the 1st Armored Division was relocated back to the United States , 1ASOS was officially dissolved and the mission was taken over by the 4th ASOS .
Kugelpanzer The Kugelpanzer ( literally translates as " spherical tank " ) was a prototype reconnaissance tank built by Nazi Germany during World War II . It was one of the most unusual armoured fighting vehicles ever built . The only example of this " Rollzeug " ( rolling vehicle ) is in Russia as part of the Kubinka Tank Museum ' s collection of German armored vehicles . The Kugelpanzer is simply listed as Item # 37 and is painted gloss gray . From fragmentary information , the drive has been removed from the vehicle and no metal samples are allowed to be taken from it . Development . The history of the vehicle is literally unknown , as no documents were found with it and it had no clear markings . Only five facts about it have been confirmed : It is hard to speculate on how this machine functioned but from observations it appears to be a one man reconnaissance tank with an armored shell and viewport . Perhaps under or behind the operator an engine was mounted and for stability a small directional wheel was located at the rear to steer the two large circular tracks at the sides . Due to its light armour and simple design , the vehicle was more than likely a reconnaissance or armoured cable laying vehicle and may not have been intended to be an offensive weapon or weapons platform . Characteristics . Present at the rear of the vehicle is a small arm and trailing wheel . Some individuals have speculated that this is a possible form of steering mechanism . It is however more than likely just a weighted trailing arm to assist stability and limit the possibility of the central section of the vehicle from rotating independently to the two side wheels under braking or acceleration
Richard Czekay Richard Czekay ( 26 March 1916 – 24 April 2009 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Delaware ( SSN - 791 ) USS " Delaware " ( SSN - 791 ) will be a . The contract to build her was awarded to Huntington Ingalls Industries in partnership with the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics in Newport News , Virginia on 22 December 2008 . This ship is the eighth and final ship of the Block III subs that will feature a revised bow , including some technology from SSGNs .
German submarine U - A U - A was the official call - sign of one of fourteen U - Boats that made up the Foreign U - Boats of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Built at Kiel as one of four submarines of the Ay class for Turkey , the " Batiray " as she was to have been named , was not handed over to the Turkish Navy but commissioned into the German Navy in 1939 . Two sister - ships the " Saldiray " and " Atilay " had been delivered in June 1939 . One boat , " Yildiray " , was built slowly in a Turkish shipyard . The design was a modification of the Type IX to fit Turkish requirements . Two of Turkish boats served in the Turkish Navy until 1957 , but " Atilay " was lost in a training exercise off Canakkale . Service . " U - A " was commissioned on 30 April 1939 under the initial command of Hans Cohausz , and later Hans Eckerman . She was supposed to be used as a minelayer by the Turkish , but the Germans used her like a type IX U - boat . " U - A " was attacked on 8 March 1941 by the destroyer , but survived . During her service , she sank seven Allied ships , including the British 13 , 950 - ton armed merchant cruiser . Only nine ships in total were destroyed by the Foreign U - Boat corps , " U - A " destroying seven of those while damaging another three . She was decommissioned and scuttled on 3 May 1945 , as the war was drawing to a close .
James D . Slaton James Daniel Slaton ( April 2 , 1910 or 1912 – February 25 , 1961 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Slaton joined the Army from Gulfport , Mississippi in June 1942 , and by September 23 , 1943 was serving as a Corporal in the 157th Infantry Regiment , 45th Infantry Division . On that day , near Oliveto , Italy , he single - handedly destroyed three enemy machine gun nests . He was awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later , on May 30 , 1944 . Slaton left the Army while still a Corporal . He died in 1961 and was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in his birth city of Laurel , Mississippi . Medal of Honor citation . Corporal Slaton ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy in the vicinity of Oliveto , Italy , on September 23 , 1943 . Cpl . Slaton was lead scout of an infantry squad which had been committed to a flank to knock out enemy resistance which had succeeded in pinning 2 attacking platoons to the ground . Working ahead of his squad , Cpl . Slaton crept upon an enemy machinegun nest and , assaulting it with his bayonet , succeeded in killing the gunner . When his bayonet stuck , he detached it from the rifle and killed another gunner with rifle fire . At that time he was fired upon by a machinegun to his immediate left . Cpl . Slaton then moved over open ground under constant fire to within throwing distance , and on his second try scored a direct hit on the second enemy machinegun nest , killing 2 enemy gunners . At that time a third machinegun fired on him 100 yards to his front , and Cpl . Slaton killed both of these enemy gunners with rifle fire . As a result of Cpl . Slaton ' s heroic action in immobilizing 3 enemy machinegun nests with bayonet , grenade , and rifle fire , the 2 rifle platoons which were receiving heavy casualties from enemy fire were enabled to withdraw to covered positions and again take the initiative . Cpl . Slaton withdrew under mortar fire on order of his platoon leader at dusk that evening . The heroic actions of Cpl . Slaton were far above and beyond the call of duty and are worthy of emulation .
Hossam Mohammed Amin Hassan Mohammed Amin was an Iraqi general under Saddam Hussein ' s government . He said in 2002 that Iraq would submit a list of chemical , biological and nuclear programs to UNMOVIC , but that the report would not disclose any banned weapons , " because , really , we have no weapons of mass destruction . " He participated as an Iraqi member delegation in the discussions conducted between Iraq and the United Nations and the IAEA for the period 1991 - 2003 . He was number 49 on the US list of 55 most wanted Iraqis during the 2003 invasion of Iraq . He was the 13th on the list taken into custody on or around 26 April 2003 . Before his capture , American intelligence agents had previously urged Amin to defect and provide the United States with key information on the Iraqi weapons program , as well as Saddam Hussein ' s inner circle . He was released from U . S . custody on 23 December 2005 , despite the fact that weapons of mass destruction were in fact found and used against coalition forces . The first recorded case of a WMD being used was when an IED containing sarin gas , a nerve gas classified by the UN as a chemical weapon of mass destruction , detonated but failed to release the toxic gas . Had the sarin gas IED performed as expected , the resulting toxic cloud would have killed many soldiers in Camp Freedom , nearby . http : / / www . nbcnews . com / id / 4997808 / ns / world _ news - mideast _ n _ africa / t / bomb - said - holddeadly - sarin - gas - explodes - iraq / weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq . He worked as officer engineer in the army and military industrialization corporation in Iraq and was considered to be one of the scientists who developed missile systems .
Renfrew Airport Renfrew Airport was the former domestic airport serving the city of Glasgow until it was decommissioned in 1966 . It was located in the Newmains area of Renfrew , approximately 2 kilometres east of Abbotsinch Airfield which would eventually replace it . It consisted of a main terminal building and ancillary buildings , and a main runway which ran west south - west of the terminal . Already in existence as a military facility during the First World War , it first handled scheduled flights in 1933 with the first regular destination being Campbeltown . Despite the construction of a new terminal building in 1954 ( with a parabola arch ) , it became evident that the airport was unable to cope with the increasing demands for domestic air travel in the 1960s . The final departure took place on 2 May 1966 - its destination being the new Glasgow Airport a few hundred metres away . After the airport was closed , the runway became the first urban part of the M8 motorway . Opened in March 1968 , it connected the new Glasgow Airport to Bishopton in the west and Glasgow city centre ( via Hillington ) in the east . The entire airport was demolished in 1978 . A Tesco supermarket and Arkelston Primary School was built on the former terminal site which opened for business in March 1980 , and the whole of the surrounding area is now covered with housing . The only trace of the airport left is the Viscount Bar pub which was an ancillary building . It is situated opposite where the main terminal sat . In fiction . The airport features briefly in the second novel of a space opera series by Angus MacVicar , " Return to the Lost Planet . " One of the characters is about to fly back from Scotland to Berlin , but the hero and his companion join him at the last minute on the bus from St . Enoch , Glasgow , to the airport , and persuade him to stay and help them .
Djilma Airfield Djilma Airfield is an abandoned military airfield in Tunisia , located about 2 km north of Jilma ( Sidi Bu Zayd ) ; approximately 180 km west - southwest of Tunis . The airfield was built during World War II as a temporary field which was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 31st Fighter Group during the North African Campaign against the German Afrika Korps . The 31st Fighter Group based three squadrons ( 307th , 308th , 309th ) of Supermarine Spitfire s at the airfield from 7 to 12 April 1943 . It then moved to Korba Airfield and afterwards , engineers came to the field and dismantled the facility . Today there are little or no remains of the airfield , except the remains of a runway in the desert just north of the town of Jilma , visible from satellite imagery .
John B . Grayson John Breckinridge Grayson ( October 18 , 1806 – October 21 , 1861 ) was a career United States Army officer and a graduate of West Point . He is well known for being a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War , his service during the Mexican - American War , and for his early death only three months after joining the Confederate Army of pneumonia and tuberculosis . Early life and career . John Grayson was born in Kentucky in 1806 to Alfred W . Grayson and Letitia Breckinridge at the Breckinridge family estate of " Cabell ' s Dale " . After his father ' s death when he was around ten John ' s mother married Peter Buell Porter . Grayson was appointed to West Point through his ties to three very powerful families the Breckinridges , Graysons , and Porters . He graduated in 1826 and became a second lieutenant in the artillery . He was first assigned to Fort Monroe where he remained for six years . He then served in a variety of southern forts from 1832 to 1835 . In 1835 the Second Seminole War broke out in Florida . John fought at Camp Izard and then at the Battle of Oloklikaha . After the Seminole War Grayson was assigned to New Orleans for eleven years . In 1847 Grayson left to fight in the Mexican - American War where he arrived as a captain of the artillery . John later became the Chief Commissariat of Major General Winfield Scott . Grayson fought in many battles in Mexico including the Siege of Veracruz , Battles of Cerro Gordo , Contreras , Churubusco , Molino del Rey , Chapultepec , and the capture of Mexico City . He became a major for his bravery at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco in 1847 . Later that year Grayson was promoted to lieutenant - colonel because of his actions at the Battle of Chapultepec . After the war John Grayson was assigned to Detroit , Michigan where he became the Chief of Commissariat for seven years from 1848 to 1855 . He would hold this same in New Mexico until he resigned to join the Confederate Army . Civil War service . After resigning his commission John joined the Confederacy in August 1861 . Because of his long service and military skills Grayson was quickly appointed a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army . He then immediately became commander of the East and Middle Departments of Florida . Soon after arriving though Grayson caught both pneumonia and tuberculosis . He died soon after on October 21 , 1861 in Tallahassee , Florida at the age of 55 , not having fought a single battle during the Civil War .
HMS Bellona ( 1909 ) HMS " Bellona " was one of two " Boadicea " class scout cruiser s which served with the Royal Navy . She was launched from Pembroke Dockyard on 20 March 1909 and completed in February 1910 . The class was designed to combine the speed of a destroyer with the hitting power of a light cruiser but her experience in both peace and war highlighted the flawed nature of the concept . She proved barely fast enough , at to keep up with the River class destroyer s of the 2nd Flotilla in 1909 , despite being the Senior Officer ' s ship , and was removed from the flotilla entirely in 1912 when outpaced by the new " Acorn " class destroyers . In August 1914 she joined the Grand Fleet as the First World War broke out , and was attached to the First Battle Squadron at Scapa Flow . She was present at the Battle of Jutland , but was removed to the back of the fleet for safety as the capital ships engaged the enemy , and did not directly see action . She was converted to a minelayer in June 1917 and laid 306 mines in four missions . After the end of the war she was considered surplus to post war requirements . She was paid off in 1919 and sold for scrapping on 9 May 1921 to Ward , of Lelant .
Havildar Havildar ( ) was the military commander of a fort during the times of the Maratha Empire . In the British Indian Army it was equivalent rank to sergeant , next above naik , and is still used in the modern Indian Army and Pakistan Army . The cavalry equivalent is daffadar . Like a British sergeant , a havildar wears three rank chevron s . Havildars may also hold appointments , based on seniority and merit , for which they receive additional appointment pay . In order of rising seniority , these are : The appointments of company quartermaster havildar and company havildar major also existed in the British Indian Army .
Battle of Koromo River The Battle of Koromo River took place during the opening years of the Kamakura period ( 12th century ) of Japan . After the destruction of the Heike , Minamoto no Yoshitsune conflicted with his brother Minamoto no Yoritomo , and fled into Hiraizumi , Mutsu Province . He was sheltered by Northern Fujiwara ' s 3rd ruler Fujiwara no Hidehira . Hidehira appointed Yoshitsune as general to be opposed to Yoritomo , but he died of illness on October 29 , 1187 . Yoritomo strongly pressured Fujiwara no Yasuhira , the 2nd son and successor of Hidehira , through the Imperial Court to arrest Yoshitsune . Against the will of his father , Yasuhira succumbed to the repeated pressure of Yoritomo . On June 15 , 1189 , he led 500 soldiers to attack Yoshitsune and an entourage of servants in the Koromogawa no tachi residence . Yasuhira defeated Yoshitsune and his compatriot , Saitō no Musashibō Benkei . Throughout the battle , Benkei defended his lord . Benkei supposedly died standing up , which caused great fear in his enemies . Yoshitsune himself committed suicide at the end of the battle .
Benelli Nova The Benelli Nova is a pump - action shotgun developed by the Italian Benelli to hunting and law - enforcement use . Description . The Nova shotgun is the latest development in the pump shotguns from famous Italian company Benelli Armi . It has been developed in the late 1990s and incorporates the latest in firearms design . Nova tactical / Special Purpose shotgun is built to use most powerful 3 and 3 1 / 2 inch magnum shotshells yet to be reliable , light and comfortable to operate . Nova uses patented design of the receiver and buttstock made as a single piece from polymer and reinforced with steel inserts . The buttstock could be equipped with optional internal recoil reducer , which is an essential feature for such a light gun firing most powerful ammunition . Butt is also fitted with rubber recoil pad , which also helps to tame the recoil . Long and very comfortable sliding forearm also is made from polymer . Benelli Nova uses the rotating bolt with two lugs to lock the barrel . Tubular underbarrel magazine can hold up to 4 3 - inch shotshells in the standard version and up to 6 3 - inch shotshells with magazine extension installed ( it can hold even more if you will use shorter shells ) . Nova Tactical is available with rifle type open or ghost ring ( diopter ) sights , and with optional accessory rail that mounts at the top of the receiver . This rail allows to mount various scopes , such as red dot or night vision devices . Manual safety is of cross - bolt , push - button type , and located at the forward part of the triggerguard . There ' s also internal firing pin safety . The gun has a weather - resistant finish on all metallic parts , and the stock is already weather - resistant , so Nova tactical is well suited as a carry / patrol gun for those who walks on their own feets . It also makes the Nova an excellent hunting gun with proper barrel installed . In general . Nova is a high quality , light weight and hard - hitting weapon , with the only drawback being the unavailability of the folding butt version ( which , obviously , will require a different receiver ) .