naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st Tactical Squadron 1st Tactical Squadron ( known as 1 . ELT - 1 Eskadra Lotnictwa Taktycznego in Poland ) is a fighter squadron of Polish Air Force established in 2001 in Mińsk Mazowiecki , Poland . Squadron is stationed in 23rd Air Base and operates MiG - 29B jet fighters . Unit has been created on base of " 1 . Pułk Lotnictwa Myśliwskiego " ( 1944 – 2001 ) .
Charles H . Pinkham Charles H . Pinkham ( 18 August 1844 – 6 November 1920 ) was born in Grafton , Massachusetts in 1844 . In 1895 , President Grover Cleveland presented him with the Medal of Honor for his service in the American Civil War . He is buried in Hope Cemetery , Worcester , Massachusetts . Pinkham joined the Army from Worcester , Massachusetts in December 1863 , and was mustered out as a brevet Captain in July 1865 . He had been a Sergeant Major with the 57th Massachusetts Infantry , and was " among the soldiers who stormed Fort Steadman during the Battle of Petersburg in March 1865 . " His official Medal of Honor citation reads : " Captured the flag of the 57th North Carolina Infantry ( C . S . A . ) and saved his own colors by tearing them from the staff while the enemy was in the camp . "
German submarine U - 315 German submarine " U - 315 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 7 July 1942 at the " Flender Werke " yard at Lübeck as ' werk ' 315 , launched on 29 May 1943 and commissioned on 10 July under the command of " Oberleutnant " Herbert Zoller . During her career , the U - boat sailed on 11 combat patrols , sinking one ship and causing another to be declared a total loss , before she surrendered in May 1945 . She was a member of 13 wolfpack s . Service history . The boat ' s service life began with training with the 8th U - boat Flotilla from 10 July 1943 . She was then transferred to the 11th flotilla for operations on 1 March 1944 . She was reassigned to the 13th flotilla on 15 September 1944 . The boat made the short journey from Kiel in Germany to Bergen in Norway , in February 1944 . 1st patrol . The submarine ' s first patrol began with her departure from Bergen on 21 February 1944 . After covering the Norwegian and Barents seas , she docked at Narvik on 9 March . 2nd - 6th patrols . A similar pattern now became apparent , except her sixth sortie took the U - boat to the entrance to Murmansk in the Soviet Union . 7th , 8th and 9th patrols . " U - 315 " s seventh foray was , at five days , her shortest ; starting in Bogenbucht ( west of Narvik ) , on 29 September 1944 and finishing in Hammerfest on 3 October . Her eighth patrol was fairly routine , after which she moved from Kilbotn to Skjomen fjord in November 1944 . The boat ' s ninth patrol was much the same as her eighth , passing north of Bear Island between 29 and 30 November 1944 . 10th patrol . Patrol number 10 took the submarine to the ' gap ' between the Faroe and Shetland Islands . 11th patrol . What turned out to be " U - 315 " s last patrol was her longest ( 69 days ) and most successful . On 22 March 1945 , she sank the " Empire Kingsley " northwest of Lands End . In the same area , she torpedo ed HMCS " Teme " on 29 March . The Canadian frigate lost of her stern and although she did not sink , was declared a total loss . Fate . The boat surrendered in Trondheim at war ' s end . There , she was broken up in March 1947 .
RFA Eaglesdale ( A104 ) RFA " Eaglesdale " ( A104 ) was a Dale - class fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary ( RFA ) . She was launched in 1941 as Empire Metal and transferred to the RFA on completion in 1941 . History . The 8 , 032 GRT " Empire Metal " was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd , Haverton Hill - on - Tees as yard number 339 . She was launched on 18 November 1941 and on completion in January 1942 she was transferred to the RFA and renamed " Eaglesdale " . War service . " Eaglesdale " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy EN 57 which departed Methil , Fife on 16 February 1942 and arrived at Oban , Argyllshire on 19 February . " Eaglesdale " joined the convoy from the Clyde , she was in ballast . " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy OS 23 which departed Liverpool on 24 March 1942 and arrived at Freetown , Sierra Leone on 11 April . She was in ballast and her final destination was Curaçao , Netherlands Antilles . Convoy TAG 19 departed Curaçao on 6 November 1942 , arriving at Guantanamo on 11 November 1942 . " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy BP 83 which departed Bombay on 11 June 1943 and arrived at Bandar Abbas , Iran on 16 June . " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy PA 43 which departed Bandar Abbas on 26 June 1943 and arrived at Aden on 3 July . " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy CX 17 which departed Colombo , Ceylon on 3 February 1944 and arrived at Addu Atoll , Maldives on 6 February " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy JC 46 which departed Colombo on 26 April 1944 and arrived at Calcutta on 3 May . " Eaglesdale " detached from the convoy en route and sailed to Trincomalee , Ceylon where she arrived on 28 April . " Eaglesdale " was a member of Convoy RK 34A which departed Chittagong , India on 13 January 1945 and arrived at Akyab , Burma on 14 January . " Eaglesdale " was used for trials of refuelling equipment after the capture of a German supply ship . This included the fitting of rubber hoses and deck roller . Postwar service . She was decommissioned on 21 July 1958 and was laid up on the River Tyne . " Eaglesdale " arrived on 29 November 1959 at Hamburg , West Germany for scrapping .
Operation Basalt Operation Basalt was a small British raid conducted during World War II on the German occupied British Channel Island of Sark . On the night of 3 – 4 October 1942 ten men of the Special Operations Executive ' s Small Scale Raiding Force , and No . 12 Commando , landed on Sark with the object of offensive reconnaissance and capturing prisoners . Nine of the raiders broke into the house of a local while the tenth went to a covert rendezvous with an SOE agent . The occupant of the house , Frances Pittard , proved very informative and advised there were about 20 Germans in the nearby Dixcart Hotel . She also declined an offer to take her back to England . In front of the hotel was a long hut - type building , apparently unguarded . This annexe comprised a corridor and five rooms wherein were five sleeping Germans , none found to be officers . The men were roused and taken outside whereafter the Commandos decided to go on to the hotel and capture more of the enemy . To minimise the guard left with the captives , the Commandos tied the prisoners ' hands with the six - foot toggle ropes each carried , and required them to hold up their trousers . The practice of removing belts and / or braces and tearing open the fly was quite a common technique the Commandos used to make it as difficult as possible for captives to run away . While this was being undertaken , one prisoner started shouting to alert those in the hotel and was instantly shot dead with a . 38 revolver . The enemy now alerted , incoming fire from the hotel became considerable and the raiders elected to return to the beach with the remaining four prisoners . En route , three prisoners made a break . Whether or not some had freed their hands during the firefight is not established nor if all three broke at the same time . Two were believed shot and one stabbed . The fourth was conveyed safely back to England and provided information . The raiders also took with them an SOE agent who had been posing as a Polish worker doing forced labour on the island . A few days later , the Germans issued a communiqué implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied . It is believed that this contributed to Hitler ' s decision to issue his Commando Order instructing all captured Commandos or Commando - type personnel be executed as a matter of procedure . Names of some of the soldiers on the raid : David Niven , who participated in Channel raids , states in his autobiography " The Moon ' s a Balloon " that the commandos who landed on Sark were taken to the local pub by the locals for a drink . However , Niven also erroneously stated that there were no German troops on Sark at the time .
Ferdinand , Graf Bubna von Littitz Ferdinand , Graf Bubna von Littitz ( 1768 – 1825 ) was a Major - General ( " Feldmarschalleutnant " ) of Imperial Austrian Army during the Napoleonic Wars and also an Austrian Privy Councillor . He held some military commands in the Kingdom of Lombardy and Venetia and led the reprisal of the Italian revolutions in 1820 - 21 .
Herman von Natzmer Herman von Natzmer ( 1806 - 1858 ) became an officer in the Prussian Army and was assigned as commandant of the arsenal of in Berlin . On June 14 , 1848 , the arsenal was stormed by the citizens of Berlin protesting the dissolution of the National Assembly and the revocation of the German Constitution by King Frederick Wilhelm IV . Natzmer as commandant of arsenal refused to order his troops to fire on the citizens . For disobeying the order to fire on the crowd , Natzmer was tried , convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison . He became a hero to the insurrectionists all across Europe in 1848 and 1849 because of his refusal to fire on the insurgent citizens . In 1849 , Natzner escaped from prison and fled to the Palatinate where he took part in the Baden - Palatinate uprising of 1849 . Following the suppression of the uprising in Baden and the Palatinate , Natzmer escaped to Switzerland and later to England . In 1852 , he emigrated to Australia . Natzmer died in 1858 .
Kosmos 1793 Kosmos 1793 ( meaning " Cosmos 1793 " ) is a Soviet US - K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1986 as part of the Soviet military ' s Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors . Kosmos 1793 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya - M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 12 : 09 UTC on 20 November 1986 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1986 - 091A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 17134 . It re - entered the Earth ' s atmosphere on 15 May 2011 .
Fervent - class destroyer Two Fervent class destroyers served with the Royal Navy . and were designed and built by Hanna Donald in 1895 . The ships displaced 275 tons and were 200 feet long . Their Locomotive ( later Reed ) boilers generated 3 , 850 hp which produced a top speed of between 26 and 27 knots . As was usual with ships of their type , they carried one twelve pounder , two torpedo tubes and had a complement of 53 officers and men . Both ships served in home waters . They originally were designed with one funnel but when they failed to reach their contract speed they were reboilered with four funnels . Because of these problems , the ships did not leave their builders until 1901 .
T - 48 MPATS The T - 48TS was a U . S . Navy aircraft project , intended to replace the T - 39 Sabreliner as part of the Undergraduate Military Flight Officer ( UMFO ) Multi - Place Aircraft Training System ( MPATS ) . Planned by the Naval Air Systems Command ( NAVAIR ) , the T - 48 Training System ( T - 48TS ) was planned to consist of the aircraft , radar , a ground based training system and curriculum , and life cycle support , initially for two years ' time . Solicited for proposals in 2003 , in 2004 the programme was deferred for further study . The T - 48TS is not to be confused with the earlier Cessna T - 48 , this being a rare case of a reused designation in the US system .
ZB - 53 The ZB - 53 was a Czechoslovak machine gun . A versatile weapon , it was used both as a squad support weapon , as a mounted machine gun for tanks and other armoured vehicles , and on fixed positions inside Czechoslovak border fortifications . Adopted before the World War II by the armies of Czechoslovakia ( as TK vz . 37 ) and Romania , it was also license - built in the United Kingdom as the Besa machine gun . Following the Munich Agreement the German Wehrmacht captured large quantities of the weapon and used it during the war under the designation of MG 37 ( t ) . The ZB - 53 was designed by Václav Holek and Miroslav Rolčík of the Zbrojovka Brno works as a replacement for the Schwarzlose machine gun of World War I origin . Based on the earlier vz . 35 machine gun , the prototype was tested in 1936 and the following year the new machine gun was adopted by the Czechoslovak Army under the name of TK vz . 37 ( literally Heavy Machine Gun Mark 1937 , as " TK " stands for " těžký kulomet " , heavy machine gun , while " vz " means " vzor " , Model ) . It was introduced as the standard machine gun of Czechoslovak LT - 35 and LT - 38 tanks . Czechoslovakia exported the gun to Romania , Yugoslavia , Argentina , Afghanistan , Iran and China ( roughly 850 pieces used during the Second Sino - Japanese War ) , while Great Britain bought a license and started to produce its ' own version , known as the BESA ( over 60 , 000 pieces made ) . The weapon was a gas - operated , belt - fed , air - cooled machine gun that served both the infantry support and vehicle weapons roles . The machine gun was delivered in three variants : infantry machine gun ( on heavy tripod ) , heavy bunker machine gun ( with heavier barrel , marked " O " ) and for armoured vehicles ( marked " ÚV " ) . It was designed to withstand five minutes of constant fire , after which time the barrel had to be changed due to wear . Although modern , the weapon was prone to jamming due to complicated rate of fire selection mechanism . Czechoslovak Zbrojovka Brno and then Zbrojovka Vsetín produced the gun in large quantities until 1950s .
Erich Thomas Leutnant Erich Thomas was a World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories . Nine of these were observation balloons he destroyed . Thomas was assigned to Jasta 9 in December 1917 . He shot down his first enemy observation balloon on 3 January 1918 . He carried on his career as a balloon buster for Jasta 9 through 16 March 1918 , when he downed numbers seven and eight . He then transferred to Jasta 22 , and shot down a ninth balloon on 21 March , and a Sopwith on the 22nd . On 23 March , he attacked another French balloon and was shot down by Jean Chaput , Marcel Haegelen , and Auguste Lahoulle . Thomas was taken prisoner of war . References . " Above the Lines : The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service , Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918 " Norman L . R . Franks , et al . Grub Street , 1993 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 73 - 9 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 73 - 1 .
Plean Castle Plean Tower , also known as Mengie Castle , Menzies Castle and Plane Castle , is located around from Plean , in Stirling , central Scotland . It comprises a small oblong tower house probably dating from the 15th century , and an adjoining 16th - century manor house . History . Robert Bruce granted the barony of Plean , or Plane , to John d ’ Erth soon after 1314 . The castle was probably built by Lord Somerville , who acquired the lands of Plean in 1449 , through marriage . The manor was built in about 1528 . In 1643 James Somervell , 8th Lord of Plane , sold the barony and lands to meet debts . It passed to the Nicholsons and the Elphinstones , but both the tower and the manor fell into disrepair . During the 1745 rebellion the Jacobite troops used the property . Sir David Menzies restored the buildings in 1908 , but by the 1930s they were again no longer in use . It was again restored from ruins by Nancy and John Patrick Wright and their sons in 1991 - 1997 to form a home and holiday accommodation . Structure . Plean Castle originally had three storeys and a garret , with parapet corbelling . The great hall is in the tower ; it has painted ceiling beams and a large fireplace . There is a vaulted basement in the manor house , which is connected to the tower by a wooden walkway . In the grounds there are a sculpture garden and a large pond . It is a category B listed building .
António Augusto dos Santos António Augusto dos Santos was a Portuguese General and commander of the Portuguese forces in Mozambique from 1964 until he was relieved of command in 1969 . On the outbreak of the Mozambican War of Independence in 1964 , Augusto dos Santos commanded the Portuguese forces in that Portuguese territory and favored the use of African units training by Portuguese regulars rather than committing the regulars to battle themselves . The lack of success in eradicating completely the FRELIMO guerrillas who were fighting for the independence of Mozambique , with one seventh of the population and one fifth of the country ( scarcely populated areas of the remote countryside ) in FRELIMO hands by 1967 , Augusto dos Santos was relieved of command in 1969 and General Kaúlza de Arriaga took over in 1970 with larger success for the Portuguese in the counterinsurgency operations ( Gordian Knot Operation ) . A year later , Augusto dos Santos began serving as the Portuguese Army Chief of Staff ( Chefes do Estado - Maior do Exército ) , a post he held until the military coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974 , which overthrew the Portuguese government headed by Marcelo Caetano and would put to an end the Portuguese Colonial War ( 1961 - 1974 ) shortly after .
Turners Turners ( ) , are members of German - American gymnastic clubs . A German gymnastic movement was started by " Turnvater " ( " turners ' father " ) Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in the early 19th century when Germany was occupied by Napoleon . The " Turnvereine " ( " gymnastic unions " ) were not only athletic , but also political , reflecting their origin in similar " nationalistic gymnastic " organizations in Europe . The Turner movement in Germany was generally liberal in nature , and many Turners took part in the Revolution of 1848 . After its defeat , the movement was suppressed and many Turners left Germany , some emigrating to the United States . Several of these Forty - Eighters went on to become Civil War soldiers , the great majority in the Union Army , and American politicians . Besides serving as physical education , social , political and cultural organizations for German immigrants , Turners were also active in the American public education and the labor movements . Eventually the German Turner movement became involved in the process leading to German unification . History in the USA . The " Turnvereine " made an important contribution to the integration of German - Americans into their new home . The organizations continue to exist in areas of heavy German immigration , such as Iowa , Texas , Wisconsin , Indiana , Ohio , Minnesota , Missouri , Kentucky , New York City , and Los Angeles . Together with Carl Schurz , the American Turners were supportive of the election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States . They provided the bodyguard at his inauguration on March 4 , 1861 , and at his funeral in April , 1865 . In the Camp Jackson Affair , a large force of German volunteers helped prevent Confederate forces from seizing the government arsenal in St . Louis just prior to the beginning of the war . Like other German - American groups , the American Turners experienced discrimination during World War I . The German language was banned in schools and universities , and German language journals and newspapers were shut down , but the Turner societies continued to function . In 1948 , the U . S . Post Office issued a 3 - cent commemorative stamp marking the 100th anniversary of the movement in the United States . Cultural assimilation and the two World Wars with Germany took a gradual toll on membership , with some halls closing and others becoming regular dance halls , bars or bowling alleys . Fifty - four Turner societies still exist around the U . S . as of 2011 . The current headquarters of the American Turners is in Louisville , Kentucky .
Norwegian Army Armoured Battalion Panserbataljonen ( The Armoured Battalion ) is a unit of the Norwegian Army . Although it is categorised as an armoured unit , the battalion ( strictly a battlegroup ) primarily serves in the mechanised infantry role . As with the Telemark Bataljon it also has a tank squadron equipped with Leopard 2 . It was formed in 1987 and has participated in several international operations in the Balkans ( KFOR ) and in Afghanistan ( ISAF ) . The battalion is a recognised as a cavalry unit , and so the soldiers are referred to as dragoons as opposed to privates , as is the case in most of the Norwegian Army . Organization . ESK5 is no longer operational . Its role as supporting the battalion ' s base of operations was transferred to ESK6 . The motto of the battalion is Bitit fyrst ( Old Norse for " Strike First " ) , referring to the offensive role of the battalion .
Capture of York Factory The Capture of York Factory was a 1694 Anglo - French conflicts on Hudson Bay . In 1686 Pierre Le Moyne d ' Iberville marched overland from Quebec and captured all the English posts on James Bay . This left York Factory which was too far away and could only be reached by sea . In 1688 King William ' s War started and the needed ships were hard to get . In 1690 Iberville tried to take York Factory but was driven away by a larger English ship . In 1694 Governor Frontenac gave him the " Salamandre " and " Poli " . Iberville reached the Nelson River on the 14th of September . The fort was invested and on the 14th of October it surrendered . ( The English garrison consisted mainly of traders , clerks and laborers and they had not brought in enough firewood to withstand a long siege ) . Among the 53 men who surrendered was Henry Kelsey . The post was renamed Fort Bourbon . Since it was late in the season both the Canadiens and their captives had to spend the winter there . By the time the ice broke up many on both sides had died of scurvy . Iberville waited , hoping to capture the annual English supply ships . By September they had not arrived , so he left 70 men at the fort and sailed for La Rochelle with a valuable load of furs . Iberville ' s victory was nullified by two factors . The previous year ( 1693 ) the English had recaptured Fort Albany to the south on James Bay . Ten months after Iberville left three Royal Navy frigates under William Allen recaptured York Factory .