naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Mahidpur The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo - Maratha War between the Marathas and the British led by Sir Thomas Hislop at Mahidpur , a town in the Malwa region , on 21 December 1817 The British , led by Sir Thomas Hislop , attacked on 21 December 1817 and defeated the army led by 11 - year - old Maharaja Malhar Rao Holkar II , 22 - year - old Hari Rao Holkar and 20 - year - old Bhima Bai Holkar in the Battle of Mahidpur . The Holkars were decisively defeated by British forces . The treaty was signed on 6 January 1818 at Mandsaur ( Treaty of Mandsaur ) . Holkars accepted all the terms laid down by Britishers in Treaty of Mandsaur . At the conclusion of this Third Anglo - Maratha War , the Holkars lost much of their territory to the British and were incorporated into the British Raj as a princely state of the Central India Agency . This battle led to the final destruction of Maratha power . Baji Rao II , who was trying to consolidate Marathas , finally surrendered in June 1818 . British abolished the position of Peshwa , and Marathas were limited to the small kingdom of Satara until its annexation to Bombay state in 1848 . http : / / books . google . co . in / books ? id = qweZWra _ tbwC & pg = PA344 & lpg = PA344 & dq = third + anglo + maratha + war & source = bl & ots = FJmD1OQo - 5 & sig = Y7Qo83tGOS - WdH691C2 - jnn - 160 & hl = en & sa = X & ei = GYszUdTqD46zrAftq4G4CQ & ved = 0CCwQ6AEwADgU # v = onepage & q = third % 20anglo % 20maratha % 20war & f = false
Shaurya Chakra The Shaurya Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour , courageous action or self - sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy . It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel , sometimes posthumously . It is the peacetime equivalent of the Vir Chakra . It is generally awarded for Counter - Insurgency operations and actions against the enemy during peace - time . It is third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards and comes after the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra . It precedes the Sena Medal . Before 1967 , the award was known as the " Ashoka Chakra , Class III . " Subsequent awards of the Shaurya Chakra are recognized by a bar to the medal ribbon ( to date , none have been awarded ) . It is possible for a recipient to be awarded the Ashoka Chakra or Kirti Chakra in addition for separate acts of gallantry . Since July , 1999 , it also being given to Civilians of either gender in all walks of life , other than members of Police Forces and of recognized Fire Services . From 1 February 1999 , the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs . 750 for recipients of the award . Jammu and Kashmir awards a cash award of Rs . 700 ( ca . 1960 ) for recipients of the Shaurya Chakra . Overview . Established : Established as the " Ashoka Chakra , Class III " by the President of India , 4 January 1952 ( with effect from 15 August 1947 ) . The statutes were revised and the decoration renamed on 27 January 1967 . Obverse : Circular bronze , 1 - 3 / 8 inches in diameter . In the centre , the chakra ( wheel ) of Ashoka , surrounded by a lotus wreath and with an ornate edge . Suspended by a straight bar suspender . The medal is named on the edge . Reverse : For pre - 1967 awards , the medal is blank in the centre , with " Ashoka Chakra " in Hindi along the upper edge on the medal and the same name in English along the lower rim , " ASHOKA CHAKRA " . On either side is a lotus design . The centre is blank , perhaps with the intent that details of the award be engraved there . There is no indication of the class on the pre - 1967 awards . For the post - 1967 awards , the , names are changed to " Shauryua Chakra " in Hindi above and " SHAURYA CHAKRA " below . Ribbon : 30 mm , dark green with three 2 mm orange stripes . Dark green 6 mm , orange 2 mm , dark green 6 mm , orange 2 mm , dark green 6 mm , orange 2 mm , dark green 6 mm .
USS Guerriere ( 1865 ) The second USS " Guerriere " was a frigate in the United States Navy . She was named for the victory of the frigate over during the War of 1812 . " Guerriere " was launched on 9 September 1865 in the Boston Navy Yard and commissioned on 21 May 1867 , Commander Thomas Corbin , in command . She sailed from New York on 28 June 1867 to serve as flagship of the South Atlantic Squadron protecting American commerce and interests along the coast of South America . She was relieved as flagship by on 17 June 1869 and sailed from Rio de Janeiro the 25th for the New York Navy Yard where she decommissioned on 29 July 1869 . " Guerriere " recommissioned at New York on 10 August 1870 . At Portsmouth , New Hampshire , 27 September , she received the body of the late Admiral David Farragut for transport to New York . The following day she went fast aground on Great Point , Nantucket and transferred Admiral Farragut ' s remains to merchant steamer SS " Island Home " . She got afloat on 1 October and continued to New York the following day . " Guerriere " departed New York on 17 December 1870 for Lisbon , thence past Gibraltar for cruising with the Mediterranean Squadron . On 7 April 1871 she was host to the pasha of Tripoli , who inspected the ship and presented " Guerriere " ' s captain with the anchor of the frigate . This anchor had laid on the beach for more than half a century after the destruction of the frigate in Tripoli Harbor by Captain Stephen Decatur in " the most bold and daring act of the age . " From Tripoli the sloop cruised to the ports of Egypt , Lebanon , Italy and France . On 1 December 1871 she stood out of Villefranche with the remains of Major General Anderson , which were transferred to Army authorities off Fort Monroe , Virginia , 6 February 1872 . She remained at Norfolk , Virginia until 10 March , then sailed for the New York Navy Yard where she decommissioned on 22 March 1872 . She was laid up in ordinary there until 12 December 1872 when she was sold to D . Buchler of New York .
Active Royal Navy Vessels in 1982 The following vessels were in commission , planned or under construction for Her Majesty ' s Royal Navy in 1982 . Many of these vessels took part in the 1982 Falklands War Aircraft Carriers . Centaur - class aircraft carrier - " Hermes " The carriers " Hermes " and " Invincible " were deployed to the Falkland Islands in April 1982 as the centre piece of Rear Admiral Woodward ' s Carrier Battle Group . Destroyers . Type 82 destroyer - " Bristol " Type 42 Destroyer - " Sheffield " , " Birmingham " , " Newcastle " , " Glasgow " , " Exeter " , " Southampton " , " Liverpool " , " Cardiff " , & " Coventry " County - class destroyer - " Antrim " , " Glamorgan " , & " Fife " The Destroyers " Bristol " , " Sheffield " , " Coventry " , " Exeter " , " Cardiff " , " Glasgow " , " Antrim " & " Glamorgan " were all present in the South Atlantic during the Falklands War . " Sheffield " and " Coventry " were lost to enemy action , ' Sheffield " by air launched Exocet missile and " Coventry " to bombs . " Glamorgan " was struck by a modified air - launch Exocet from a land - based launcher causing extensive damage , however she was not crippled . Frigates . Type 22 - " Broadsword " , " Battleaxe " , " Brilliant " , & " Brazen " , " Boxer " , & " Beaver " + 2 planned Rothesay Class - " Yarmouth " , " Lowestoft " , " Brighton " , " Rothesay " , " Londonderry " , " Falmouth " , " Berwick " , " Plymouth " , & " Rhyl " Amphibious Units . Fearless Class ( LPD ) - " Fearless " , & " Intrepid " Round Table Class ( Landing Ship Logistics ) - RFAs - " Sir Bedivere " , " Sir Galahad " , " Sir Geraint " , " Sir Lancelot " , " Sir Percivale " , & " Sir Tristram " Mine Warfare Forces . HMS Abdiel Ice Patrol Ship . HMS Endurance Submarine force . Resolution Class Trafalgar Class Valiant Class Porpoise Class Notes . † - Royal Navy Reserve
John Whitworth Air Commodore John Nicholas Haworth Whitworth CB , DSO , DFC and Bar , RAF ( 10 January 1912 – 13 November 1974 ) was a Royal Air Force pilot in the 1930s and a commander during and after the Second World War . Notably , Whitworth was station commander of RAF Scampton during the time when planning for the ' Dambusters Raid ' was conducted . In 1955 he was a technical advisor during the making of the The Dam Busters film and was played by Derek Farr in this movie . Whitworth was also the Chief of Staff of the Ghana Air Force prior to the appointment of the Ghanaian J . E . S . de Graft - Hayford in 1962 .
Battle of Hard The Battle of Hard was the first large - scale battle in the Swabian War , waged between the Imperials under the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and the Swiss Confederates . The battle was fought on February 20 , 1499 , on a cold and foggy day , between 10 , 000 Imperial troops , mostly from the Swabian Circles , and a smaller number of Swiss troops , often called Reisläufer . The battle took place in the westernmost part of modern - day Austria , in the vicinity of the southeast corner of Lake Constance , roughly southwest of the town of Bregenz . The Imperial army had deployed its advance guard between the towns of Lustenau and Höchst , south of the lake town of Hard . On the morning of the battle the Imperial advance guard discovered the advanced guard of the invading Swiss army marching down the right bank of the Rhine , attacked it , and caused it to recoil toward Hard . The surprised Imperials , alerted to the Swiss attack , hastily deployed themselves into battle order near the town of Lauterach and set up their artillery . The Swiss main body had meanwhile arrived in the area of battle , and skillfully deployed its attack columns so as to deny the Imperials the maximum benefit of their artillery superiority . Both armies were composed primarily of infantry , many of whom were armed with a very long spear called a " spiess " ( pike ) , others with a pole weapon called a halberd . These would be deployed in very deep infantry combat columns . Smaller bodies of men would skirmish around these columns , firing with crossbows or primitive muzzle - loading firearms called the arquebus . The Imperial army had an artillery train and a small force of armoured knights , although it is not known whether these fought on horseback , or , as was often their custom , on foot amongst the infantry pike columns . The Swiss attack columns precipitously attacked the Imperial positions , staggered under the weight of the defensive fire from the Imperial artillery , but , propelled forward by their serious warfighting ethos , kept up the assault . Colliding with the Imperial infantry columns , the Swiss rapidly threw the Swabian forces into disorder , then rout . The Swabians were unable to mount a fighting withdrawal , and as a result , many fleeing troops were massacred by the Swiss , as was their custom . The Swabian soldiers were aware of this custom , and a panic ensued . Some Imperial troops fled to Bregenz , others attempted to board three nearby ships , which overturned in the chaos and sank , drowning many of the fleeing infantry and knights . Others sought hiding places where they could , and , ill - equipped to overnight in the prevailing terrible cold , died of exposure . Although the victorious Swiss performed at best a sloppy pursuit , focusing more on pillaging than on a systematic pursuit ( another of their customs ) , by the end of the battle several thousand Swabian corpses nonetheless littered the battlefield , and were eventually buried in a mass grave outside the Chapel of Hard .
Marid Castle Qasr Marid ( ) is a castle in Dumat Al - Jandal - in the north of Saudi Arabia built before AD 272 . Its walls are 80 cm - 1 meter ( 2 ' 8 " - 3 ' 3 " ) thick . The castle commanded the old city of Adumato . Excavations made by Khaleel Ibrahim al - Muaikel in 1986 added to observations made in 1976 that a homogeneus layer of Roman - Nabataean pottery sherds indicated a prosperous community during the time of the Nabataeans to whoms realm the region probably belonged . Zenobia tried to capture the city of Adumato in the 3rd century . When she left the castle without capturing , it she said her famous saying " " tamrd Mard " " , which means " Mard renounce allegiance to me " . In 633 CE , Khalid ibn al - Walid captured Dumat Al - Jandal and it became a part of the newly formed Islamic empire . In 1853 Talal Ibn Rashid from Hail damaged the castle with two cannons . In 1909 Nawwaf Ibn Sha ' lan besieged it for ten months until he could wrest it from the Rashids .
Julian Larcombe Schley Julian Larcombe Schley ( 1880 – 1965 ) was a Chief of Engineers of the U . S . Army , who also served as Governor of the Panama Canal Zone . Biography . Schley was born in Savannah on February 23 , 1880 , Georgia . He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1903 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers . Military career . He and classmate Douglas MacArthur had their first service with the 3d Battalion of Engineers in Compton ( 1894 – 95 ) . Schley later served with engineer troops in the United States and Cuba ; as an instructor at the Military Academy ; as Assistant Engineer , Washington , D . C . ; and as New Orleans District Engineer . During World War I , he commanded the divisional 307th Engineers in the St . Mihiel and Meuse - Argonne offensives and was Engineer , 5th Army Corps , during the last two weeks of the latter drive . He received a Distinguished Service Medal for his service during the war . Schley was Director of Purchase , General Staff , and a member of the War Department Claims Board in 19191920 . Schley later served four - year tours as Galveston District Engineer ; Engineer of Maintenance , Panama Canal ; and Governor of the Canal Zone . In the latter post , he was also military advisor to the Republic of Panama . Schley was Commandant of the Army Engineer School in 19361937 . He retired on September 30 , 1941 . Later life . Schley was recalled to active wartime duty in 1943 as Director of Transportation , Office of the Coordinator of Inter - American Affairs . He died March 29 , 1965 in Washington , D . C . , aged 85 . References . " This article contains public domain text from "
JGSDF Camp Takigahara History . Camp Takigahara was established in 1908 by the Imperial Japanese Army as a training facility . After the end of World War II , it came under the control of the United States Army in Japan , and was renamed “ North Camp ” . The US Army turned over half of North Camp to the United States Marine Corps in 1953 , with the other half ( across the street from present - day Camp Fuji ) was eventually turned over the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force as the Takigahara Garrison . In 1974 , Takigaha was elevated to the status of a full base , and reestablished as a training facility for the post - war Ground Japan Self - Defense Force . Camp Takigahara oversees operations of the large joint - use East Fuji Maneuver Area . Units from Camp Takigahara cooperated in the filming of the 2001 movie " " .
Robert Williams ( general ) Robert Williams ( November 5 , 1829 – August 24 , 1901 ) was an officer in the United States Army who served as Adjutant General of the U . S . Army from 1892 to 1893 . Biography . He was born in Culpepper County , Virginia and graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1851 . He was appointed to the 1st Dragoons , in which he served until the outbreak of the American Civil War . He served in various staff positions at the beginning of the war , before becoming colonel of 1st Massachusetts Cavalry in October 1861 . He resigned his Volunteer commission in October 1862 and became a major in the Adjutant General ' s Department . Williams remained in the Adjutant General ' s Department following the end of the war , and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in February 1869 . He was served as adjutant general of the Department of the Missouri , the Department of the Platte , and the Division of the Missouri , earning a promotion to colonel in July 1881 . In December 1890 he returned to the Adjutant General ' s Department in Washington , and he was elevated to Adjutant General of the U . S . Army with the rank of brigadier general in July 1892 . He retired in November 1893 . He died in August 1901 , and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
GHOST ( vessel ) GHOST is a super - cavitating surface craft which is able to achieve 900 times less hull friction compared to a conventional watercraft and is developed by US Citizens for the US Navy at no cost to the US government for providing superior protection to US service personnel . The craft was built by Juliet Marine Systems . The secrecy orders on the project were removed on 11 August 2011
Hans Dortenmann Hans Dortenmann ( 11 December 1921 – 1 April 1973 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Dortenmann was born 11 December 1921 at Weingarten . He served in the infantry until April 1941 when he transferred to the Luftwaffe to undergo pilot training . After training Leutnant Dortenmann was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 on the Northern sector of the Eastern front . He gained his first victory on 6 February 1944 , colliding with a Lavochkin La - 5 fighter . Dortenmann managed to belly - land his damaged Fw 190A - 6 on his return to base . In June 2 . / JG 54 was withdrawn and relocated to the Western front , joining III . / JG 54 . Dortenmann had claimed some 14 victories by this and on 20 June 1944 was promoted to " Staffelkapitän " of 2 . / JG 54 . The unit was then redesignated 12 . / JG 54 . Dortenmann was shot down near Paris on 26 June but managed to bale out . Over the Western front Dortenmann claimed six fighters shot down . In mid - August , III . / JG 54 was withdrawn to Germany to received the new Fw 190 D - 9 " Dora - 9 " , becoming operational in October . 12 . / JG 54 and Leutnant Dortenmann were based at Achmer to fly airfield protection cover for the Me 262 jet fighters of Kommando Nowotny . On 29 December Dortenmann shot down a Spitfire near Münster . Dortenmann was made acting Gruppenkommandeur of III . / JG 54 on 30 December . On 25 December , III . / JG 54 was placed under operation command of Major Karl Borris with I . / JG 26 for Operation Bodenplatte . On 1 January 1945 , Dortenmann led III . / JG 54 against Brussels - Grimbergen airfield , from which 12 Fw 190s failed to return . 12 . / JG 54 was thus disbanded on 19 February 1945 with aircrew distributed throughout III . / JG 54 . Dortenmann now took command of 11 . / JG 54 . In late February , III . / JG 54 was absorbed into JG 26 with 11 . / JG 54 becoming 14 . / JG 26 . On 29 March 1945 Oberleutnant Dortenmann became Staffelkapitän of 3 . / JG 26 and awarded the Ritterkreuz on 20 April for 35 victories . On 27 April Dortenmann shot down a Soviet Yak - 3 over Berlin . Hans Dortenmann survived the war but died on 1 April 1973 . Hans Dortenmann was credited with 38 victories in some 150 combat missions , with 16 victories over the Eastern front and 22 over the Western front . He recorded 18 victories with the Fw 190 D - 9 , the most successful fighter pilot with this type . He possibly claimed the Tempest V shot down of French ace Pierre Clostermann on 28 March 1945 .
Robert Raikes ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Robert Henry Taunton Raikes KCB CVO DSO ( 1885 – 1953 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , South Atlantic Station . Naval career . Raikes joined the Royal Navy in 1900 . He served in World War I , earning the DSO in 1916 , and went on to be Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief , Portsmouth before becoming Director of the Royal Navy Staff College at Greenwich in 1932 . He was made Chief of Staff of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1934 and Admiral in charge on a temporary basis at Alexandria in Egypt during the Abyssinian war in 1936 before becoming Rear Admiral , Submarines in 1936 . He served in World War II initially as Vice Admiral commanding the Reserve Fleet destroyer s on the Northern Patrol before becoming Commander - in - Chief , South Atlantic Station in 1940 . He went on to be Flag Officer , Aberdeen from 1942 to 1944 . He lived at Mantyley Chase in Newent in Gloucestershire . Family . He married Ida Guinevere Evans . His son , Iwan Raikes , also served in the Royal Navy and became Flag Officer , Submarines . His nephew , Dick Raikes , also served in the Royal Navy and launched the " Cockleshell heroes " on their raid in canoes against German shipping in the Gironde estuary in 1942 .
770th Bombardment Squadron The 770th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 462d Bombardment Group , based at MacDill Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 31 March 1946 . History . Established in March 1943 as one of the first B - 29 Superfortress squadron ; however no B - 29s were yet available for operational use . Trained with B - 24 Liberator s and B - 17 Flying Fortress es throughout 1943 . Received early model B - 29s and prototype YB - 29s beginning in August 1943 , however aircraft were still undergoing development and were frequently modified by Boeing technicians in the field while the squadron was undergoing training in Kansas . Deployed to India in early 1944 ; several aircraft breaking down en route via South Atlantic Transport route from Florida to Brazil then to Liberia ; across central Africa and Arabia , arriving in Karachi , India in March 1944 . Arrived at converted B - 24 airfield in eastern India in mid - April 1944 . Aircraft still undergoing modifications while transporting munitions and fuel to forward airfield in central China ; staging first attacks on Japanese Home Islands since the 1942 Doolittle Raid . Lack of logistical support limited number of attacks on Japan from Chinese staging airfields ; squadron also attacked strategic enemy targets in Thailand ; Indochina and Malay Peninsula . Moved to West Field ( Tinian ) , Tinian , in the Mariana Islands of the Central Pacific Area in January 1945 and assigned to XXI Bomber Command , Twentieth Air Force . It ' s mission was the strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands and the destruction of its war - making capability . Flew " shakedown " missions against Japanese targets on Moen Island , Truk , and other points in the Carolines and Marianas . The squadron conducted combat missions over Japan participating in wide area firebombing attacks , but the first ten day blitz resulting in the Army Air Forces running out of incendiary bombs . Until then the squadron flew conventional strategic bombing missions using high explosive bombs . The squadron continued attacking urban areas with incendiary raids until the end of the war in August 1945 , attacking major Japanese cities , causing massive destruction of urbanized areas . Also conducted raids against strategic objectives , bombing aircraft factories , chemical plants , oil refineries , and other targets in Japan . The squadron flew its last combat missions on 14 August when hostilities ended . Afterwards , its B 29s carried relief supplies to Allied prisoner of war camps in Japan and Manchuria Squadron was largely de - mobilized on Saipan during the fall of 1945 . Was reorganized as part of continental Air Forces , Fourth Air Force at March Field , California in November 1945 , being manned and equipped with low - hour B - 29s returned from the Central Pacific . It later was transferred to the new Strategic Air Command on 21 March 1946 , being one of SAC ' s initial bombardment squadrons . Demobilization , however , was in full swing and the unit turned in its aircraft and was inactivated on 1 October 1946 .
Alexander Gagarin Prince Alexander Ivanovich Gagarin ( ) ( 1801 – October 27 , 1857 ) was a Russia n general and nobleman of Rurikid ancestry who was involved in the Caucasian and Crimean wars . In 1857 , he served as a governor - general of Kutaisi and was killed by Constantine Dadeshkeliani , the deposed Prince of Svanetia , during a quarrel at Kutaisi .