naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
East Indies and China Station The East Indies and China Station was a formation of the British Royal Navy from 1831 to 1865 . History . The Station was formed in 1831 ; it ceased to exist when it was separated into the East Indies Station and the China Station in 1865 . Its area covered the Indian Ocean and the coasts of China and its navigable rivers . These responsibilities did not imply territorial claims , although the navy often co - operated with British commercial interests in the above areas . Commanders - in - Chief . Commanders - in - Chief have included :
William C . Lee Major General William Carey " Bill " Lee ( March 12 , 1895 – June 25 , 1948 ) was an American U . S . Army soldier and general . Lee is often referred to as the " Father of the U . S . Airborne " . Biography . William Carey Lee was born in Dunn , North Carolina , one of the seven children of Eldridge Lee and his wife Emma . His father was a merchant . He attended Wake Forest College and North Carolina State College . He participated in the ROTC program , graduated from NC State . and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U . S . Army in 1917 . Lee served in World War I with the American Expeditionary Force in France . By the time the United States entered World War II , Lee had reached the rank of major general and was a proponent of paratrooper warfare . Although airborne units were not popular with U . S . Army commanders , President Franklin D . Roosevelt sponsored the concept , and Lee was authorized to form the first paratroop platoon . This was followed by the Provisional Parachute Group , and finally the United States Army Airborne Command . Lee was the first commander of the Army ' s jump school at Fort Benning , Georgia . He received the Distinguished Service Medal for his early leadership in the creation of the airborne forces . In August 1942 , Lee was the commander of the newly formed 101st Airborne Division , based at Camp Claiborne , in Louisiana . He told his men , " " The 101st has no history , but it has a rendezvous with destiny . " " Lee helped plan the D - Day drops into Normandy , and trained to jump with his men . However , he was ordered to the United States several months before the invasion , suffering either a heart attack or a stroke . He was replaced in by General Maxwell D . Taylor . To honor their founder , the paratroopers yelled " Bill Lee " as they jumped into France on D - Day . William Lee retired from the Army for reasons of health in late 1944 . He died at his home in Dunn , North Carolina four years later . Honors . The General William C . Lee Airborne Museum is located in Dunn , in his former home . On October 11 , 2004 the U . S . Senate passed a bill to rename the Dunn Post Office , the " General William Carey Lee Post Office . " Lee Residence Hall , one of the largest dormitories at North Carolina State University , is named after William C . Lee . [ NOTE : The " Bill Lee Freeway " in Charlotte , North Carolina , a section of Interstate 77 is named for William States Lee III ( 1929 – 1996 ) , president and CEO of Duke Power and no known relation to the general . ]
Alois Friedrich von Brühl Alois Friedrich von Brühl ( ; 31 July 1739 Dresden – 30 January 1793 Berlin ) was a Polish - Saxon diplomat , politician , Freemason , soldier , actor and playwright . Biography . He was the eldest son of minister Heinrich von Brühl , one of the advisors to King August II of Poland and member of the noble Brühl family . He was sent to the University of Leipzig , but his mother was not satisfied with the progress the much pampered minister ' s son was making there and sent him on to Leyden , where the foundation of his knowledge was laid . When he was 19 , his father contrived to have him appointed as a general master of ordnance for the Polish crown , and he traveled through most of Europe without significant expenditure . During the Seven Years ' War , he participated in several of the campaigns as a volunteer in the Emperor ' s army . With the death of king August III in 1763 , he lost all his offices , and thereafter devoted his time to his passion for the theater : he wrote plays and performed on stage . He was also briefly a governor of Warsaw . In that role , he founded the modern sewer system there .
RFA Hebe ( A406 ) RFA " Hebe " ( A406 ) was a stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary ( RFA ) . " Hebe " was built by Henry Robb of Leith for the British - India Steam Navigation Company and was bare - boat charter ed to the RFA in 1962 . " Hebe " was severely damaged by a fire while at Gibraltar on 30 November 1978 . The charter was cancelled and the ship returned to her owners . " Hebe " was renamed Good Guardian in June 1979 , and sailed from Gibraltar on 13 June 1979 for repairs in Greece . She was renamed Guardian in 1981 , and Wafa in 1987 . The ship arrived at Famagusta for demolition on 16 September 1987 .
William Anderson ( VC ) William Anderson VC ( November 1885 – 13 March 1915 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Life . Anderson was born in Dallas , Moray and raised and educated in Forres . He went to Glasgow and was employed as a car conductor with the Corporation Tramways for several years . He moved to Newcastle upon Tyne where an elder brother of the family was serving with the Yorkshire Regiment ( Alexandra , Princess of Wales ' s Own ) and enlisted in the same battalion in 1905 , serving in it for a period of seven years in Egypt and India . After his service expired Anderson returned to Glasgow and was employed in the Elder Hospital in Govan . He had been there only for a year before deciding to emigrate to South Africa . However , before he could leave war broke out and he was called up as a reservist and went to the front in France with the British Expeditionary Force . Citation . Anderson was about 29 years old , and a corporal in the 2nd Battalion during the First World War when his awarded act took place . Anderson was eventually killed in action on 13 March , but his remains were never found . He is commemorated on the Le Touret Memorial .
Battery " K " 1st Regiment Michigan Light Artillery The Battery " K " Michigan Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " K " was organized at Grand Rapids , Michigan between 21 November 1862 and 20 February 1863 , their muster in date . They were ordered to Washington , D . C . , attached to the Department of Washington under the command of Major General Samuel P . Heintzelman . The Battery remained here until the end of May 1863 , when they left to garrison Fort Ramsey and Fort Buffalo near Upton Hill , VA ( east of Falls Church , VA ) . By June , they returned to Washington . They left the capital on 28 October 1863 , now becoming part of the reserve artillery stationed in Nashville , TN . From here , they went to Chattanooga , TN in March 1864 , to garrison Battery Bushnell and defend the city . During this time , several detachments from Battery K were attached to other artillery batteries , and placed on board transports and gunboats . They remained in the Chattanooga area until 31 March 1865 , when they left for East Tennessee . The battery left Tennessee on 12 July for Detroit , Michigan , where they were mustered out on 22 July 1865 Total strength and casualties . Over its existence , the battery carried a total of 209 men on its muster rolls . The battery lost 3 officers and 1 enlistedman killed in action or mortally wounded and 14 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 18 fatalities .
USS Cotinga ( AMc - 43 ) USS " Cotinga " ( AMc - 43 ) , a U . S . Navy " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy for service in World War II , was named after the cotinga , a passerine bird of South America and Central America . " Cotinga " was launched 25 March 1941 by Gibbs Gas Engine Co . , Jacksonville , Florida , and commissioned 14 June 1941 at Norfolk , Virginia , Lieutenant S . W . Carr , USNR , in command . World War II East Coast operations . From 7 July to 26 August 1941 " Cotinga " conducted minesweeping exercises in the vicinity of Solomons Island , Maryland . Sailing for Argentia , Newfoundland , she was diverted into Casco Bay , Maine , where she conducted minesweeping operations through 7 December 1941 . Assigned first to the Inshore Patrol , 1st Naval District , then to Service Squadron 5 , Atlantic Fleet , she continued minesweeping operations and patrol duty in the bay until mid - 1944 . On 14 June 1944 she sailed to Cuban waters and was based at Guantanamo Bay for a year , where her services included target tow , drills and exercises , target for air groups , and escort for submarines . On 12 June 1945 she was attached to the 6th Naval District and thereafter engaged infrequently in sweeping operations between Charleston , South Carolina , and Jacksonville , Florida . Decommissioning . " Cotinga " was decommissioned at Charleston on 13 December 1945 and transferred to the Maritime Administration for disposal on 21 August 1947 .
Migalovo Migalovo ( also given as Tver Migalovo , Kalinin ) is an air base in Tver Oblast , Russia located 10 km west of Tver . It is a large military airlift base . It currently houses all of Russia ' s remaining Antonov An - 22 fleet . It is an Ilyushin Il - 76 base , with some Antonov An - 12 aircraft stored . Some of the units that made Migalovo home were :
Conrad Shaker Conrad Shaker ( died February 19 , 1945 ) was a Corporal in the United States Marine Corps during World War II . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Iwo Jima . Shaker was born in Elroy , Wisconsin . to Joseph A and Mary Apolonie Kelbel Shaker ( Cejka ) . Navy Cross citation . Citation : The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross ( Posthumously ) to Corporal Conrad F . Shaker ( MCSN : 442621 ) , United States Marine Corps ( Reserve ) , for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty while serving with the First Battalion , Twenty - Eighth Marines , FIFTH Marine Division , during action against enemy Japanese forces at Iwo Jima , Volcano Islands , on 19 February 1945 . Landing on the heavily fortified beachhead during fierce hostilities on D - Day , Corporal Shaker fearlessly risked his life in a valiant attempt to wipe out a 20 - mm . anti - aircraft gun battery situated on commanding ground and firing relentlessly on units of his battalion . Courageously advancing alone under the enemy ' s fierce , concentrated shell - fire , he boldly charged the emplacement with grenades and fixed bayonet and , fighting furiously against tremendous odds , succeeded in killing the 12 Japanese troops manning the weapon before he himself was mortally wounded . By his daring initiative , indomitable fighting spirit and great personal valor in the face of almost certain death , Corporal Shaker contributed to the saving of many lives and to the success of his battalion in carrying out its sustained advance against a fanatic enemy . His self - sacrificing devotion to duty throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service . He gallantly gave his life for his country .
Hát Dịch Hát Dịch secret zone ( mật khu Hát Dịch , chiến khu Hát Dịch ) was an area within South Vietnam . It covered the area where the borders of Phước Tuy , Long Khánh and Biên Hòa Provinces met . During the Vietnam War , the area was the headquarters for the VC 274th Regiment , and was known as the Hat Dich secret zone and Base Area 301 .
20×110mm USN The 20x110mm USN ( also known as 20x110mm US Navy and 20mm Mk - 100 Series ) was developed by the US Navy after WWII for use in Mk 11 and Mk 12 autocannon . They are called the Mk 100 series as they range from Mk 101 to Mk 109 . It has the same rim diameter as the 20x102mm but a different length and contour . It is not interchangeable with any other 20x110mm cartridge . Available Loads . Some of the available loads for the 20x110mm USN are as follows : There is also a Cartridge , 20mm , Dummy , Mk 103 Mod 0 ( USN ) which is an inert round . It has an empty primer pocket and holes in the case or a plugged primer pocket . It may be empty or filled with inert material . Projectile is usually brass or bronze plated .
USS Dictator ( 1863 ) USS " Dictator " was a single - turreted ironclad monitor . Originally to be named the , the Navy Department preferred a more aggressive name . On 1 April 1862 , John Ericsson proposed to Assistant Secretary of the Navy , Gustavus Fox , " Dictator " " a name which I respectfully request for the new Ocean Monarch . " " Dictator " was launched 26 December 1863 by Delamater Iron Works , New York , NY , under contract with John Ericsson ; and commissioned 11 November 1864 , Commander J . Rodgers in command . Service history . Construction problems with her powerplant kept her initial service relatively brief and inactive . Assigned to duty with North Atlantic Blockading Squadron , " Dictator " cruised on the Atlantic coast from 15 December 1864 until placed out of commission 5 September 1865 at League Island Navy Yard . She remained in ordinary there until 1869 . Recommissioned 20 July 1869 " Dictator " served with the North Atlantic Fleet until 28 June 1871 when she was again placed out of commission . She was in ordinary at New York Navy Yard until 12 January 1874 when she was commissioned for service on the North Atlantic Station . " Dictator " was decommissioned at League Island 1 June 1877 and remained there until sold 27 September 1883 .
Edmund Hoffmeister Edmund Hoffmeister ( 1893 – 1951 ) was an officer in the German Army , mainly notable for his service in the " Wehrmacht Heer " during World War II . Hoffmeister ' s military service began in 1914 in the Imperial German army . During the 1930s , Hoffmeister was part of the ' Foreign Armies ' ( ) section of the German military and acted as liaison officer with the Soviet Union on the development of mechanised units . Colonel ( " Oberst " ) Hoffmeister , as commander of Infantry Regiment 21 of the German 17th Infantry Division , was scheduled to link up with a 131 - man " Brandenburger " commando team during Operation Sea Lion ( " Unternehmen Seelöwe " ) and push up the coast to Dover . Hoffmeister ' s division was to be part of the German 16th Army ' s area of operations . Operation Sea Lion was to have been launched in 1940 after the Fall of France , but it was abandoned in September of that same year . Promoted to Lieutenant - General ( " Generalleutnant " ) , Hoffmeister commanded the German 383rd Infantry Division on the Eastern Front from 1 July 1943 to 20 June 1944 , and on 6 October 1943 , was awarded a Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Hoffmeister had just been promoted from command of the division to acting command of the formation of which it was a part , the XXXXI Panzer Corps ( replacing Artillery General Helmuth Weidling ) , when it was destroyed in late June 1944 . The 383rd Division was given the task of holding Babruysk against an overwhelming Soviet assault during Operation Bagration . Much of the remainder of XXXXI Panzer Corps was also destroyed , along with its parent formation , the Ninth Army . Hoffmeister was taken prisoner by Soviet forces of the 2nd Belorussian Front on 1 July during a breakout attempt from the encirclement at Babruysk . The front ' s report for 8 July quoted Hoffmeister as giving a bitter and expletive - laden diatribe against the " amateurs " ( i . e . the Nazi regime and senior generals loyal to them ) whom he held responsible for the military catastrophe . Later in July , Hoffmeister made a radio broadcast from Moscow on behalf of the National Committee for a Free Germany , again attacking the Nazi regime in similar terms : " The defeat in White Russia is not the only example of Hitler ' s ineptitude as a commander . When Field Marshals von Leeb , List , von Rundstedt , von Bock and von Brauchitsch , Colonel General Haider and many others attempted to point out these mistakes Hitler dismissed them from their posts [ . . . ] The newer generals , however , such as Rommel , Dietl , Schorner , Keitel and others who had not gone through a long military schooling failed to perceive these mistakes " This represented something of a propaganda coup for the Soviets . Hoffmeister was also featured in NKFD - produced propaganda leaflets . Hoffmeister died in 1951 while still in captivity in Asbest POW camp .
Fort Brooklyn Fort Brooklyn was a British - built large star fort built to support the occupation of Brooklyn during the American Revolutionary War . The site was on Brooklyn Heights , near present day Pierrepont and Henry Street s , about four blocks from Fort Stirling . The fort was 450 feet square with ramparts 40 to 50 feet above the bottom of an encircling ditch . Each angle had a bastion and there was a substantial barracks and two magazines . After the British evacuation the fort was leveled between 1823 and 1825 for development .
Redstone Army Airfield Redstone Army Airfield or Redstone AAF is a military airport located at Redstone Arsenal , six miles ( 10 km ) southwest of the city of Huntsville in Madison County , Alabama , USA . The Airfield was originally constructed for munitions testing through the 6th AAF Base Unit ( Proving Ground Detachment ) . It is currently used to support the U . S . Army Aviation and Missile Command , NASA , and the Flying Activity . History . In 1943 , the airstrip on Huntsville Arsenal was established , to assist with the testing of incendiary bomb clusters . The testing was done during the height of World War II , and after the allied victory , was promptly stopped . The airfield was largely vacated , though it continued to serve as a landing strip . On April 12 , 1956 , the city of Huntsville approached the commander of the airfield to talk about a new federal airway . It was decided that a control tower would be established at Redstone AAF , and it would serve as the control tower for military and commercial flights until a new Huntsville Airport was built . After the establishment of the control tower , the control tower of Memphis , Tennessee agreed to handle air traffic for Huntsville through the Redstone Control Tower . This schedule was held 24 hours a day , seven days a week until 1969 , when it was changed to its current schedule of 13 hours a day , five days a week .
USS Radiant ( AMc - 99 ) USS " Radiant " ( AMc - 99 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Radiant " was laid down by Anderson and Cristofani , San Francisco , California , 26 June 1941 ; launched 27 September 1941 ; sponsored by Mrs . V . Moyland ; and placed in service 11 February 1942 , Lt . ( jg . ) E . A . Loew , USNR , in command . World War II service . This wooden - hulled coastal minesweeper , equipped with magnetic , acoustic , and moored minesweep gear , was originally assigned to the 13th Naval District , with a home yard of Puget Sound . She operated off the Pacific Northwest until assigned to the Alaskan Sea Frontier 12 April 1944 . Reassigned to the 13th Naval District 5 September 1944 , she again served along the U . S . Northwest coast . " Radiant " was placed out of service 5 December 1945 . " Radiant " was struck from the Navy list 12 March 1946 , transferred to the Maritime Commission , and sold to North Shore Packing Co . , Ltd . , 7 February 1947 .
37th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 37th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry , nicknamed the " Graybeard Regiment , " was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 37th Iowa Infantry was organized at Muscatine , Iowa and mustered in for three years of Federal service on December 15 , 1862 . The regiment was unique in that it was composed entirely of men not liable for military service . All men enlisted had to be at least 45 years old . It spent most of its service guarding prinsoner of war camps and supply trains . The regiment was created for political reasons as a way of proving that men well above normal military age were willing to volunteer . While most of its members were in their 40s , 50s , and 60s , it ' s recorded that a few were in their 70s and at least one man claimed to be 80 . It was generally understood that the regiment was to be limited to light duties like guarding supply trains , but there was nothing official about this . Most of the 37th Iowa ' s members had sons and / or grandsons serving in other regiments , and none could list Iowa as their birthplace since all of them had been born before it was even settled ( settlement of the region had begun in 1833 ) . The regiment was mustered out on May 24 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1041 men served in the 37th Iowa at one time or another during its existence . While only 3 men from the 37th Iowa died in action , over 145 succumbed to disease .
Ministry of Defense ( Venezuela ) The Venezuelan Ministry of the Popular Participation for the Defense is the federal - level organ responsible for maintaining the Venezuelan armed forces . As of July 2013 , this ministry is headed by Carmen Melendez , after her promotion to rank admiral - in - chief . She became first woman in this rank and position in Venezuelan history . The ministry coordinates numerous counter - narcotics operations ( " e . g . " , Operation Sierra through the CUFAN organ ) , helps ready numerous civil guard initiatives , and general oversees the conventional military capabilities of Venezuela .
Chiavari Castle Chiavari Castle ( Castello di Chiavari ) is an ancient fortification stated in Chiavari , Province of Genoa , Italy . History . The castle was built between 1146 and 1147 , one of the first erected in the Italian Riviera , over a hill dominating and defending a seafaring village , called Clavai , today Chiavari . In 1172 the castle was besieged by Opizzino Spinola , while in 1278 it fell into the hands of Moruello and Alberto Fieschi hands , allied for the conquest of the castle , but just for eight days . During the first half of the 14th century it was rebuilt several times because of violent battles between the Guelfs and Ghibellines and in that century the village was further fortified by a heavy surrounding wall accessible through seven doors and defended by fourteen towers . Nowadays it is quite easy to see the ruins of the ancient wall of the ancient village of Chiavari .
7 . 62 cm Infanteriegeschütz L / 16 . 5 The 7 . 62 cm Infanteriegeschütz L / 16 . 5 was an infantry gun used by Germany in World War I . German field guns had proven too heavy to accompany the infantry in the assault and the Germans resorted to a variety of solutions in an effort to find something that could help the infantry deal with bunkers and other obstacles . Enormous numbers of Russian 7 . 62 cm Model 1910 Putilov fortress guns had been captured early in the war and Krupp was told to adapt them for use as infantry guns . They mounted the barrel and breech of the Russian guns on a new solid box - trail carriage with two narrow seats behind the gunshield , facing to the rear . The gun retained its extraordinary depression of - 18 . 6° , which was a legacy of its original purpose to fire down into fortress ditches , although its limited elevation prevented it from ranging past without digging in the trail . It used captured Russian canister ammunition for short - range engagements , but Rheinmetall manufactured its HE shell . It proved to be popular with its crews , who appreciated its light weight , accuracy and good effect of the shell . Unfortunately the gun wore out quickly due to the poor - quality steel used by the Russians , and this degraded its accuracy significantly . In their desire to save weight , Krupp had lightened the carriage a bit too much and it proved to be rather fragile in normal use . The " 7 . 7 cm Infanteriegeschütz L / 20 " was intended to rectify its shortcomings , but it remained in use for the remainder of the war .