naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Memorial medal for the withdrawal of Serbian army through Albania The Commemorative Medal for the withdrawal of Serbian army through Albania or Albanian Retreat medal ( Serbian language : Албанска споменица ) is a single - Class military medal which was award gained by all members of the Serbian army and the people who retreated through Albania in the winter of 1915 / 16 during World War I was instituted on 5 April 1920 the decree of Crown Prince - Regent Alexander I Karadjordjević in the then new state of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes . On the obverse side is the left profile of the Supreme Commander of the Serbian Army Prince - Regent Alexander I and around it is a circular inscription " his war comrades Alexander I “ . The medal is worn on the light green bar with black stripes along the edge . The Commemorative Medal was the honorary award of lower rank , but has its own historical significance , as it is given on anniversaries and jubilees to all participants of an event . By the end of 1915 the Serbian Amy faced defeat , after being attacked from several directions by the Austro - Hungarian , German and Bulgarian forces . The decision was taken to retreat towards South , through Albanian Mountains , in direction of the Adriatic Coast . From there , the Army was transported to the safety of the Greek island of Corfu . King Petar I and Prince - Regent Aleksandar I shared the terrible ordeal of their Army .
Convair Model 58 - 9 The Convair Model 58 - 9 was a proposed American supersonic transport , developed by the Convair division of General Dynamics and intended to carry fifty - two passengers at over Mach 2 . Derived from the B - 58 Hustler bomber , it was designed in 1961 but no examples of the type were ever built . Design and development . The Model 58 - 9 was Convair ' s proposal for the third step in a three - step program for the development of a SST based on the company ' s B - 58 Hustler supersonic medium bomber . Derived from the proposed B - 58C , an enlarged version of the Hustler , the Model 58 - 9 was anticipated to follow up on route - proving using an unmodified B - 58 , with a version of the bomber using a five - passenger version of its unique external weapons pod being an intermediate step to the final airliner version . Proposed during early 1961 , the Model 58 - 9 would use the wing design of the B - 58C , which would be mated to an entirely new fuselage and tail ; the airliner ' s cabin would be capable of seating as many as 52 passengers . The Model 58 - 9 was expected to have a maximum take - off weight of , and would have a range of at a cruising speed of Mach 2 . 4 . If the project had been approved , it was projected by Convair that the first prototype of the airliner could fly within three years of the project being approved , with eighteen months of flight testing , using four prototype aircraft , following the aircraft ' s maiden flight . It was expected that the Military Air Transport Service would perform simulated airline flights using the Model 58 - 9 during its development .
Battle of Scotch Corner Venutius , who was king of the Brigantes , tried to prevent the Romans from taking over their lands . There were a number of large battles over the North of England but the Brigantes were finally defeated at the Battle of Scotch Corner in 71AD .
Kurt Schäfer Kurt Schäfer ( 19 August 1913 – 15 May 1992 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold — one of only 631 awards .
24 cm SK L / 30 " Theodor Otto " The 24 cm SK L / 30 " Theodor Otto " ( SK - Schnelladungskanone ( Fast - loading cannon ) L - Lange ( with a 30 caliber barrel ) was a German railroad gun used in World War I . Four were built and saw service in 1918 on the Western Front . Design and history . These guns were originally fitted to the obsolete armored ship " SMS Oldenburg " , which had been disarmed when it was converted to a target ship about 1912 . One obvious change made for land service was the placement of a large counterweight just forward of the trunnions to counteract the preponderance of weight towards the breech . This , although heavy , was simpler than adding equilibrators to perform the same function . Four were fitted in 1918 to the railroad and firing platform mounts ( " Eisenbahn und Bettungsschiessgerüst " ) " ( E . u . B . ) " designed for the 24 cm SK L / 40 " Theodor Karl " . This was fairly simple , but required an even larger counterweight to compensate for the older gun ' s shorter barrel and greater weight . The " E . u . B . " could fire from any suitable section of track after curved wedges were bolted to the track behind each wheel to absorb any residual recoil after the gun cradle recoiled backwards . It also had a pintle built into the underside of the front of the mount . Two large rollers were fitted to the underside of the mount at the rear . Seven cars could carry a portable metal firing platform ( " Bettungslafette " ) that had a central pivot mount and an outer rail . It was assembled with the aid of a derrick or crane , which took between three and five days , and railroad tracks were laid slightly past the firing platform to accommodate the front bogies of the gun . The gun was moved over the firing platform and then lowered into position after the central section of rail was removed . After the gun ' s pintle was bolted to the firing platform ' s pivot mount , the entire carriage was jacked up so that the trucks and their sections of rail could be removed . The carriage was then lowered so that the rear rollers rested on the outer track . Concrete versions were also used . It could have up to 360° of traverse . The " E . u . B . " mount retained 4° of on - mount traverse for fine aiming adjustments . Ammunition . Ammunition was moved by means of an overhead rail from which a pair of shell tongs lifted up individual shells to be placed in the loading tray fixed to the breech . An extensible rail could be raised and braced in place to allow the tongs to reach shells placed on the ground or in an ammunition car behind the mount . The gun had to be at zero elevation to load and thus it had to be re - aimed after every shot . The " Theodor Otto " fired several different shells with weights between . It used the German naval system of ammunition , where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag which was rammed first . Combat History . Little is known of their service , although the Americans captured one in November 1918 . Nothing is known of their disposition after the Armistice .
Type 45 240 mm howitzer The was a siege gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War I and World War II . The Type 45 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the 45th year of Emperor Meiji ' s reign ( 1912 ) . It was the first such weapon to be entirely designed in Japan . History and development . The Type 45 was developed after the Russo - Japanese War showed the value of heavy caliber howitzer s and mortar s when attacking strongly fortified enemy positions . The heavy weapons used by the Japanese Army at the Siege of Port Arthur were 28 cm Imperial Japanese army howitzers . The Type 45 was the first such weapon designed and built entirely in Japan , and entered service in 1912 . It was usually deployed as part of coastal artillery batteries . The Type 45 240 mm howitzer is reported in use by Japanese heavy artillery units . The piece allegedly is disassembled into units which are transported in ten vehicles . Its maximum range is reputed to be about 11 , 000 yards , and it is believed to fire a semi - fixed round weighing approximately 400 pounds . Design . The Type 45 was an extremely heavy weapon , weighing nearly when emplaced . Setup of the weapon required considerable time , and the use of a crane to raise the heavy gun barrel onto the firing platform . The gun was normally used in static positions , either for siege or defense . For transport it could be broken into components , which were divided over a total of ten vehicles The gun could fire a shell with a muzzle velocity of 1 , 300 feet per second ( 400 meters per second ) to a range of . For reloading , the gun was lowered to the horizontal . The breech was an interrupted screw design . Combat record . The Type 45 was first deployed in combat during the Battle of Tsingtao in World War I , where it was effectively used against German defenses . In the Second Sino - Japanese War , there were fewer opportunities to use the Type 45 , as Japanese forces rarely had to assault a position so strongly fortified that lesser caliber field artillery could not be used instead . However , with the start of World War II , the Type 45 was deployed in the Battle of Hong Kong against entrenched British landward defenses . It was also used in the Battle of Bataan and Battle of Corregidor in the invasion of the Philippines . Per United States Army records , the Japanese army used 1 , 047 rounds from their Type 45 240mm howitzers in the Battle of Bataan and another 2 , 915 rounds at the Battle of Corregidor . In the final stages of the war , the Type 45 was also used in combat in Manchukuo against the invading Soviet Red Army during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria .
106th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was a B - class division of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino - Japanese War . Formed in Central China in 1937 - 1938 , under the Central China Expeditionary Force in the Nanjing , Shanghai area . The majority of the soldiers in this division were reservists , merchants and employees from Osaka . Its first division commander was Lieutenant General Matsuura Junrokuro , a graduate from Japanese Army War College . Regiments . The division was organized as a square division : 106th Division History . The 106th Division participated in the Wuchang - Hankou Campaign during which it was heavily engaged in the Battle of Wanjialing . From 1939 to 1940 the 106th Division was commanded by Lieutenant General Nakai Ryotaro . Under his command the division was in the Battle of Nanchang and the First Changsha Campaign . The 106th was then sent to hold positions along the south bank of the Yangtze River between Wuhu and Hukou and stood off the attacks of the Chinese 1939 - 40 Winter Offensive . Afterward the division was returned to Japan and disbanded on March 9 , 1940 .
S7G reactor The S7G reactor was a prototype naval reactor designed for the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on warship s . The S7G designation stands for : This prototype design was a land - based nuclear reactor that did not use control rods . It was tested in the late 1970s and early 1980s at the Modifications and Additions to a Reactor Facility ( MARF ) plant located at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory ' s Kesselring Site in Ballston Spa , New York . It consisted of an experimental reactor core installed in a modified S5W reactor plant . Design and operation . Instead of the movable hafnium - based control rod s used in all of the other United States Naval reactors , reactivity in the S7G core was controlled by stationary gadolinium - clad tubes partially filled with water . Water could be pump ed from the portion of the tube inside the core up to a reservoir above the core , or allowed to flow back down into the tube . A higher water level in the tube slowed more neutrons in the core , causing more neutron capture by the gadolinium tube cladding rather than by the uranium fuel , thus lowering the power level . The system was configured with the pump running continually to keep the water level low ; on loss of electrical power , all of the water would flow back into the tube , shutting down the reactor . As with all small pressurized water reactors , the design also had the advantage of negative feedback : an increase in reactor power caused the water to expand , leading to reduced thermalization of neutrons and lowering absorption by the fuel , therefore lowering the power . Thus , changes in the average coolant temperature , notably from the steam demand of engine throttles , naturally maintains reactor power without intervention from a reactor operator . The S7G reactor was never used on a ship . In the late 1980s the S7G core was replaced with the experimental DMC ( Design Materials Core )
Hugh O ' Donnell , 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell Hugh O ' Donnell , 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell ( October 1606 – August / September 1642 ) ( originally known in Irish as Aodh mac Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill ) , was titular King of Tír Conaill , and son of Rory O ' Donnell , 1st Earl of Tyrconnell whose title was however attainted . Aodh ( Hugh ) , was three weeks shy of his first birthday he sailed from Lough Swilly during the Flight of the Earls , and was raised in Leuven . In time he joined the service of the King of Spain , and was killed in action when his ship engaged a French vessel in August or September 1642 and caught fire . He left no immediate heirs , although the Earldom , were it not attainted in 1614 , would have passed by remainder to his uncle Cathbharr , whose line was extinct by then , and thence , to his 1st cousin Donal Oge O ' Donnell , according to the terms of the letters patent .
USRC Dexter ( 1874 ) USRC " Dexter " was a " Dexter " - class cutter of the United States Revenue Cutter Service in commission from 1874 to 1908 . She was the second ship of the United States Revenue Cutter Service to bear the name . The other Dexter - class cutters , all commissioned in 1874 , were the " Dallas " and the " Rush " . " Dexter " was built by the Atlantic Works Company at Boston , Massachusetts . Revenue Captain J . A . Henriques accepted her for service on 6 June 1874 , and she was commissioned into the Revenue Cutter Service on 18 June 1874 . " Dexter " was stationed at Newport , Rhode Island . She patrolled the Long Island Sound and east to Nantucket , Massachusetts , enforcing customs laws , patrolling regattas , and assisting mariners in distress , among other duties . She also made annual winter cruises as directed , usually off Edgartown , Massachusetts , to Nantucket Shoals , and from Gay Head , Massachusetts , to Sandy Hook , outside of Long Island , New York . In 1904 " Dexter " was ordered to Puerto Rico . She returned to Newport in 1905 . " Dexter " was decommissioned at Arundel Cove , Maryland , in 1908 . She was sold on 18 July 1908 .
24th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The Royal Saxon 24th Reserve Division ( " Kgl . Sächsische 24 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of the XII ( Royal Saxon ) Reserve Corps . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was raised in the Kingdom of Saxony . Combat chronicle . The 24th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front , participating in the opening German offensive which led to the Allied Great Retreat and ended with the First Battle of the Marne . Thereafter , the division remained in the line in the Champagne region through the end of 1914 and until July 1916 , and fought in the Second Battle of Champagne in the autumn of 1915 . In late July 1916 , the division entered the Battle of the Somme , fighting there with a few respites until November 1916 and then returning to positional warfare in the trenchlines . It was sent to the Eastern Front at the end of April 1917 , and fought against the Kerensky Offensive , the last major Russian offensive of the war . The division returned to the Western Front in late October / early November and saw action in the last phases of the Battle of Passchendaele . The division then participated in the 1918 German Spring Offensive and the subsequent Allied offensives and counteroffensives , including the Hundred Days Offensive . Allied intelligence rated the division as third class . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 24th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on March 21 , 1918 . The 24th Reserve Division was triangularized in March 1915 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion . The order of battle on March 21 , 1918 was as follows :
42d Tactical Missile Squadron The 42d Tactical Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 1st Search Attack Group , based at Langley Field , Virginia . It was inactivated on 10 April 1944 . History . Tested electronic equipment and trained crews for its use in antisubmarine operations ; antisubmarine patrols , July 1942 until late 1943 . Not manned or equipped 1953 - 1954 .
Battle of Guinea The Battle of Guinea took place on the Gulf of Guinea , in western Africa , 1478 , between a Portuguese fleet and a Castilian fleet on the context of the War of the Castilian Succession . The outcome of the battle of Guinea was probably decisive for Portugal reaching a very favourable sharing of the Atlantic and territories disputed with Castile in the Peace of Alcáçovas ( 1479 ) . All with the exception of the Canary Islands stayed under Portuguese control : Guinea , Cape Verde , Madeira , Azores and the exclusive right of conquering the Kingdom of Fez . Portugal also won exclusive rights over the lands discovered or that were to be discovered south of the Canary Islands . Background . In 1478 , Prince John of Portugal , who had been charged since 1474 by his father , King Afonso V of Portugal , with the administration of the Portuguese maritime expansion , received news that a large Castilian fleet of thirty five ships commanded by Pedro de Covides had been sent from Seville by Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon to Portugal ' s claimed Mina , in the region of the Gulf of Guinea , to attack the Portuguese there and trade with the natives . He immediately prepared and organized a fleet of eleven ships with the objective of intercepting the Castilian expedition , giving the command of the fleet to Jorge Correia and Mem Palha , two of his knight s . Portuguese arrival and Battle . When the Portuguese fleet of eleven ships arrived at the Gulf of Guinea , the Castilians were already in the area for about two months trading with the Africans . Cheap goods like shells , old clothes , brass bracelets and other items were being traded in exchange for gold , while slave raids along the coast of Guinea were also being conducted . The Castilian fleet was anchored in a harbor near Mina when the Portuguese fleet initiated an attack early in the morning . The Castilians were caught by surprise and ended up being quickly and totally defeated , being forced to surrender to the Portuguese , who without much harm to themselves were able to capture the entire Castilian fleet along with its large cargo of gold . Aftermath . The captured fleet was then taken to Lisbon . The large amount of gold captured by the Portuguese was enough to finance King Afonso V of Portugal military campaign in Castile . At the end of the war , the Portuguese exchanged the Castilian prisoners of the captured fleet for the Portuguese prisoners captured in the Battle of Toro . In the following year , the Treaty of Alcáçovas was signed between Portugal and Castile , where King Afonso V of Portugal gave up on his claim to the Castilian throne , recognizing the Catholic Monarchs as sovereigns of Castile and abandoning his claim to the Canary Islands , while Queen Isabella I of Castile recognized the Portuguese hegemony in the Atlantic Ocean , confirming Portuguese sovereignty over Madeira , Azores , the Cape Verde Islands and the :
Cavalry regiments of the Estonian Ground Force There were two regular cavalry regiments , with six cavalry squadrons provided by the reserve army . Since the restoration of independence in 1991 , there no cavalry units among the modern Estonian Ground Forces . History . The cavalry regiments during the War of Independence . The Estonian cavalry force participated in the War of Independence with two cavalry regiments . In addition to these units , there were also other smaller cavalry formations . For excample each infantry regiments had one cavalry reconnaissance commando . By the end of the war another cavalry regiment was formed in Tallinn , the Cavalry Reserve Regiment , which also performed as a cavalry school for the officers and soldiers . The abolishment of the cavalry force . The end of the cavalry units in the Estonian Ground Forces started before the start of World War II . The cavalry force could not keep up with the 1930s technological advances and the rapid development of the armoured warfare despite it received several attempts to be modernized by the Estonian Defence Forces . The abolishment of the military force took place in 1940 with the attachment to the Soviet 22nd Rifle Corps on 10 September 1940 .
Sibyna A sibyna ( ) was a type of spear used for hunting or warfare ( see boar spears ) in ancient times . A long heavy spear the Illyrians used was described by the poet Ennius according to Festius . Hesychius of Alexandria , ( 5th century ) calls it similar to a spear . Suda lexicon ( 10th century ) calls it a Roman javelin . The word may be Illyrian or Thraco - Phrygian .
Gongsun Yuan Gongsun Yuan ( died 238 ) , Wenyi ( 文懿 ) , was a warlord and vassal of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history . Biography . Gongsun Yuan was the son of the Han Dynasty warlord Gongsun Kang , who controlled Liaodong , Xuantu , Lelang and Daifang . Gongsun Kang became a vassal of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period . After Gongsun Kang ' s death , his younger brother Gongsun Gong succeeded him . In 228 , Gongsun Yuan took control of the territories from his uncle Gongsun Gong . Although Gongsun Yuan was nominally a vassal of the Cao Wei state , he considered switching allegiance to Cao Wei ' s rival Eastern Wu . Gongsun eventually yielded under pressure from the Cao Wei emperor Cao Rui . He killed the Eastern Wu delegates but some of them fled to Goguryeo . Eastern Wu attempted to ally with Goguryeo to launch a pincer attack on Gongsun , but Goguryeo eventually sided with Cao Wei as well . In 237 , Cao Rui felt insecure about Gongsun ' s influence in the northeast , so he sent Guanqiu Jian to lead an army of Chinese , Wuhuan and Xianbei troops to attack Gongsun , but the campaign was aborted due to floods . Gongsun proclaimed himself King of Yan ( 燕 ) and concluded an alliance with Eastern Wu . The following year , Sima Yi and Guanqiu Jian led a campaign against Gongsun . Gongsun was defeated and killed while his clan was exterminated . As a consequence , Liaodong and present - day northwest Korea became part of Cao Wei ' s territories .