naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William Bradford ( Attorney General ) William Bradford ( September 14 , 1755 – August 23 , 1795 ) was a lawyer and judge from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and the second United States Attorney General in 1794 - 1795 . He was the son of the printer William Bradford and was born in Philadelphia . He began his education at the Academy of Philadelphia , then attended Princeton University where he formed a lifelong friendship with Virginian James Madison , before graduating in 1772 . When he returned to Philadelphia he read law with Edward Shippen . His progress was delayed by the American Revolutionary War . In 1776 , when the Pennsylvania militia was called out , William volunteered as a private . Later that year , the militia was organized into a " flying camp " with Daniel Roberdeau as the first brigadier general in the states forces . General Roberdeau chose the young man as an aide , and later promoted him to brigade major on his headquarters staff . When his militia term expired , he joined the Continental Army as a captain and company commander in the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment commanded by Richard Hampton . By the end of the year , he saw action in the Battle of Trenton . While at Morristown , New Jersey , he was named a deputy to the muster master - general on April 10 , 1777 , and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel . During the encampment at Valley Forge in late - 1777 and early - 1778 , his headquarters was at the David Harvard House . He resigned after two years due to ill health and returned home in early 1779 . Bradford joined the bar before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in September 1779 . He was named as the state ' s Attorney General in 1780 , and served until 1791 . In 1784 , he married Susan Vergereau Boudinot , the only daughter of Elias Boudinot . On August 2 , 1791 Bradford represented General William West and argued the first recorded case before the U . S . Supreme Court , West v . Barnes losing the decision . On August 22 , 1791 , Bradford was appointed to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania , and served for three years . In 1793 , Governor Thomas Mifflin asked his help to reduce the use of the death penalty . His report to the legislature was in the form of an essay , " An Inquiry how far the Punishment of Death is Necessary in Pennsylvania " . In the next reorganization of Pennsylvania ' s penal code , the use of capital punishment was substantially reduced . Other states followed the Pennsylvania example . On January 8 , 1794 , George Washington named him Attorney General for the United States to replace Edmund Randolph . He died while in office in 1795 , and is buried with his wife ' s family in Saint Mary ' s Episcopal Churchyard in Burlington , New Jersey . Bradford County , Pennsylvania , was named in his honor .
Battle of Neerwinden ( 1793 ) The Battle of Neerwinden took place on ( 18 March 1793 ) near the village of Neerwinden in present - day Belgium between the Austrians under Prince Josias of Coburg and the French under General Dumouriez . It was part of the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars . The battle marked the end of Dumouriez ' s attempt to overrun the Low Countries and the beginning of the Allies ’ invasion of France . The Austrians under Coburg , advancing from Maastricht in the direction of Brussels , encountered the heads of the hurriedly assembling French army at Tienen on 15 March 1793 , and took up a position between Neerwinden and Neerlanden . On 18 March , after a little preliminary fighting , Coburg drew back a short distance and rearranged his army on a more extended front between Racour and Dormaal , thus parrying the enveloping movement begun by the French from Tienen . Dumouriez was consequently compelled to fight after all on parallel fronts , and though in the villages themselves the individuality and enthusiasm of the French soldier compensated for his inadequate training and indiscipline , the greater part of the front of contact was open ground , where the superiority of the veteran Austrian regulars prevailed . In these conditions an attempt to win a second Jemappes with numerical odds of 11 to 10 instead of 2 to 1 in favour of the attack was doomed to disaster , and the repulse of the French Revolutionary Army was the signal for its almost complete dissolution . Neerwinden proved a great disaster , but not a great battle . Its details merely show the impossibility of fighting on the 18th century system with ill - trained troops . The methods by which such troops could compass victory , the way to fight a " sans culottes " battle , evolved only later . Dumouriez subsequently defected to the allies on his return to Northern France .
Józef Adam Lasocki Józef Adam Lasocki ( 1861 - 1931 ) was an officer in Austro - Hungarian Army and from December 1918 a general in Polish Army . During First World War commanded formations from a regiment to division in size . Fought in the Polish - Soviet War . In 1919 commanded 2 BJ , Grupa Zaniemenska , 1 and 2 DLB and 8 DP . In 1920 stopped Soviet forces from crossing Vistula River in his area of operations . From 1921 retired .
USS Robert G . Bradley ( FFG - 49 ) USS " Robert G . Bradley " ( FFG - 49 ) , an " Oliver Hazard Perry " - class frigate , is a ship of the United States Navy named for Lieutenant Robert G . Bradley ( 1921 – 1944 ) , who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his heroism on USS " Princeton " ( CVL - 23 ) during the Battle of Leyte Gulf . " Robert G . Bradley " ' s keel was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp . , Bath , Maine , on 28 December 1982 . She was launched 13 August 1983 ; commissioned 30 June 1984 . Ship is homeported in Mayport , Florida .
Aligern Aligern or Aligernus was an Ostrogoth military leader , active in Gothic War ( 535 - 554 ) . By the end of the war , Aligern had joined the Byzantine army . The main sources about him are Procopius and Agathias . Biography . Agathias describes Aligern as the son of Fredigernus ( Fritigern ) and younger brother of Teia , king of the Ostrogoths ( r . 552 - 553 ) . Procopius considers Aligern to be a brother of Totila ( r . 541 - 552 ) . This is probably an error , since Aligern could not be a brother to both monarchs . Modern historians consider Agathias more reliable on the matter . He is first mentioned , unnamed , in 552 by Procopius . Totila appointed Herodianus and Aligern as joined commanders over the city of Cumae . What happened to Herodianus is uncertain . Aligern is mentioned defending the city to c . 554 , following the deaths of both Totila and Teia . Agathias explains Aligern ' s continued defiance by pointing to the strong defensive position of the city and an apparent " abundance of supplies " . During a Byzantine siege of the city , Aligern is recorded killing Palladius . The situation changed when the Franks invaded the Italian Peninsula . The new threat convinced Aligern to surrender the city in late 553 or early 554 . He visited Narses , the Byzantine commander in Italy , to deliver the keys to the city . Narses immediately send Aligern to Caesena , for a first encounter with the Franks . His attempt to discourage the Franks from marching against Cumae failed . Aligern fought on the Byzantine side at the Battle of the Volturnus ( October , 554 ) . , a decisive Byzantine victory . Nothing further is known of him after that .
James F . O ' Conner James Francis O ' Conner ( November 28 , 1861 – September 17 , 1940 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Biography . Born on November 28 , 1861 , in Portsmouth , Virginia , O ' Conner joined the Navy from that state . By June 15 , 1880 , he was serving as a landsman in the engineering department of the . On that night , while " Jean Sands " was outside the Norfolk Naval Shipyard , he and another sailor , Landsman William Sweeney , jumped overboard and rescued a young girl from drowning . For this action , both O ' Conner and Sweeney were awarded the Medal of Honor four years later , on October 18 , 1884 . O ' Conner ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For jumping overboard from the U . S . S . " Jean Sands " , opposite the Norfolk Navy Yard , on the night of 15 June 1880 , and rescuing from drowning a young girl who had fallen overboard . O ' Conner died on September 17 , 1940 , at age 78 and was buried at Oak Grove Cemetery in Portsmouth .
Area 2 ( Nevada National Security Site ) Area 2 is a division of the Nevada Test Site in the Mojave Desert . The area is located 18 miles south - east of Area 51 . Area 2 was the site of 144 tests comprising 169 detonations . Shot " Gabbs " , intended for 1993 , was abandoned in place .
Amakasu Incident The Amakasu Incident occurred on September 16 , 1923 , in the chaos immediately following the Great Kantō earthquake , in Japan . Fearing that anarchists would take advantage of the disaster to overthrow the government , a squad of military police led by Lieutenant Amakasu Masahiko arrested Ōsugi Sakae , Itō Noe , and Ōsugi ' s six - year - old nephew . They were later beaten to death and their bodies thrown into a well . The killing of such high profile anarchists , along with a young child , became known as the Amakasu Incident , and sparked surprise and anger throughout Japan . The 1969 film " Eros Plus Massacre " depicts the incident .
Josiah Standish Capt . Josiah Standish , son of Capt . Myles Standish , was born abt 1633 in Plymouth Colony , Massachusetts . He died on 19 March 1690 in Preston , New London County , Connecticut . A Captain in the Plymouth Colony Militia who participated in King Philip ' s War , Standish , along with Captain Benjamin Church , led a raiding party that tracked the Wampanoag chief , Metacomet to Mt . Hope , Rhode Island . Finding the chief hiding in a swamp , one of his men , an Indian named John Alderman shot Metacomet . He married first in 1656 Mary Dingley of Marshfield , MA who died 6 months later , second he married Sarah Allen ( daughter of Samuel Allen ) around 1660 . Josiah and Sarah Standish children : Josiah , ( Reverend , lived / died in Stafford , CT ) Mary , Mehitable , Martha , Samuel , Israel , Lois and Mercy Standish ( Mercy [ dau . of Rev . Josiah Standish of Stafford , CT ] , m . Rev . Eleazer Wheelock , b . 1711 , of Windham , CT , who founded Dartmouth College ) .
Pakistan Navy School of Logistics and Management The Pakistan Navy School of Logistics and Management , is an accredited and an academic university operated by the Pakistan Navy . The School of Logistics and Management located at Karsaz in Karachi , Sindh Province . And , it grants academic degrees in Logistics , Military and Political Science , War studies , Strategic studies , Business Administration , and Defence Science s . The SLM student population is mostly active - duty naval officers , although Pakistan Government civilians and members of foreign militaries can also matriculate under a variety of programs . Most of the faculty are civilians . The Air Force Institute of Aviation Technology ( AFAT ) serves a similar purpose for the Pakistan Air Force . The Pakistan Army Command and Staff College does likewise for the Pakistan Army . Academic structure . PN School of Logistics and Management is committed to produce logisticians in order to contribute towards the combat readiness of the Pakistan Navy . Prominent infrastructure available with the School is highlighted below : History . The School of Logistics and Management started its function under Vice - Admiral Patrick J . Simpson near at the Manora Island of Karachi . In August 1970 , the Pakistan Navy and Pakistan Government approved the federal university status of the school , therefore it was shifted to under the command of Karsaz Naval Technical Base . In 1987 the school went under major modernization , providing a well - equipped Galley , Bakery , Simulator Ward Room , Audio / Visual Typing system and a Computer Lab to enhance the training capabilities . On 14 August 1995 the School was made an independent unit , responsible to Commander Karachi for its assigned mission . Status . The School is functioning independently since 14 August 1995 and is responsible to Commander Karachi for its assigned mission . The Command structure has been upgraded form “ Officer In - charge ” to “ Commanding Officer ” . The School imparts training on Logistics , Inventory and Financial Management to PN Officers , Allied Officers , own CPOs , Sailors , Allied CPOs / Sailors and All PN Civilian employees .
SS Hewsang Hewsang was a 3 , 539 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd , West Hartlepool in 1944 as Empire Bermuda for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . Postwar she was sold into merchant service and renamed " Hewsang " and later sold to new owners and renamed Sunshine , serving until scrapped in 1970 . Description . " Empire Bermuda " was built by William Gray & Co Ltd , West Hartlepoo . She was yard number 1173 and was launched on 30 September 1944 with completion in November . She was long , with a beam of and a depth of . Her GRT was 3 , 359 , with a NRT of 2 , 257 . Career . " Empire Bermuda " was placed under the management of the Joseph Constantine Steamship Line by the MoWT . In 1949 , she was sold to the Indo - China Steam Navigation Co Ltd , London and renamed " Hewsang " . In 1963 , " Hewsang " was sold to the Sunshine Navigation Co Ltd , Panama and renamed " Sunshine " . She was placed under the management of Patt Manfield & Co Ltd , Hong Kong . The ship was scrapped at Kaohsiung , Taiwan in March 1970 . Official Numbers and Code Letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Bermuda " had the UK Official number 180078 and the Code Letters GDMP . Propulsion . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and bore by stroke . It was built by the Central Marine Engineering Works , West Hartlepool .
German submarine U - 310 German submarine " U - 310 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 30 January 1942 at the " Flender Werke " yard at Lübeck as ' werk ' 310 , launched on 3 January 1943 and commissioned on 24 February under the command of " Leutnant " Klaus Friedland . During her career , the U - boat sailed on six combat patrols , sinking two ships , before she surrendered in May 1945 . She was a member of seven wolfpack s . Service history . The boat ' s service life began with training with the 8th U - boat Flotilla in February 1943 . She was then transferred to the 7th flotilla for operations on 1 August . She was reassigned to the 13th flotilla on 5 September 1944 . The boat made two short journeys from Kiel in Germany to Marviken and Egersund in Norway , between June and August 1944 . 1st patrol . The submarine ' s first patrol began with her departure from Egersund ( south of Stavanger ) , on 13 September 1944 . She moved up the Norwegian coast , arriving in Narvik on the 21st . 2nd patrol . The boat torpedo ed the " Edward H . Crockett " on 29 September 1944 . The wreck was finished off with gunfire from HMS " Milne " . She also sank the " Samsuva " in the same attack off the North Cape . 3rd , 4th and 5th patrols . " U - 310 " s third sortie covered the Norwegian and Barents Seas . In her fourth patrol , the U - boat rounded Bear Island and passed east of Murmansk . Her fifth foray began in Harstad ( northwest of Narvik ) , on 25 December 1944 and ended in Bogenbucht , ( west of Narvik ) , on 5 January 1945 . 6th patrol and fate . The U - boat ' s last patrol was relatively uneventful . She finished in Trondheim at war ' s end . There , she was broken up in March 1947 .
Commanding General of the United States Army Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1903 , there was generally a single senior - most officer in the army . From 1783 , he was known simply as the Senior Officer of the United States Army , but in 1821 , the title was changed to Commanding General of the United States Army . The office was often referred to by various other titles , such as " Major General Commanding the Army " or " General - in - Chief . " From 1789 and until its abolishment 1903 , the Commanding General was subordinate to the Secretary of War , although this was at times contended . The position was abolished with the creation of the statutory Chief of Staff of Army in 1903 .
Battle of Moiry Pass The Battle of Moiry Pass was a military engagement between a Scots - Irish army commanded by Edward Bruce , brother of Robert Bruce , king of Scotland and a Hiberno - Norman force . It was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence and more precisely the Irish Bruce Wars . Edward Bruce attacked a garrison of soldiers from the Lordship of Ireland , as part of his attempt to revive the High Kingship of Ireland . Bruce considered the battle a great success but was one of the very few victories that he gained . Background . By the 12th Century A . D . , Ireland had been invaded several times by the Vikings , the Normans , and the English . In the 13th Century , the High King of Ireland had been overthrown and the Lordship of Ireland was created . Ireland had not had a true High King since the year 1014 A . D . when the Irish had beaten the Vikings at the Battle of Clontarf where the great Irish king , Brian Boru , was killed by Brodir of Man . Edward Bruce , descendant of Brian Boru , wanted freedom from the Lordship of Ireland so he decided to form a rag tag army to fight the lordship . Edward ' s brother , Robert Bruce sent some of his army to fight with Edward against the lordship and Edward ' s forces started to grow large . Battle . Bruce heard of Lordship soldiers , led by John de Bermingham and Edmund Butler , of being in an area of Armagh County called Moiry Pass . Bruce attacked the Lordship . The Lordship was caught off - guard by Bruce ' s army . The Lordship was not prepared for a battle at that time so they immediately started losing forces . The Lordship tried to run but Bruce relentlessly followed . By dusk the Lordship had lost most of its forces and the survivors scattered into the surrounding woods . The battle was a success for Bruce and was the start of a war . Aftermath . Bruce after the battle gained support from his brother , Robert Bruce , in Scotland . and started sending more troops overseas to help his brother . Although Bruce had a large army , he was losing large amounts of forces at every battle he was involved in . By 1318 , Bruce had only 2 , 000 men left . At the Battle of Faughart , Bruce fought the lordship with all of his surviving men . Bruce was killed by John de Bermingham at the battle and Bruce was buried at a cemetery above Faughart .
German Occupation Medals The German Occupation Medals were a series of awards , also known as the " " Flower War medals " " , created to commemorate the annexation of Austria , Czechoslovakia and the Memelland by Nazi Germany in the interwar period . All three medals were designed by Professor Richard Klein , Director of the Munich School of Applied Arts and a favoured artist of the Nazi establishment . Background . When Adolf Hitler was appointed German Chancellor in 1933 , it was on his immediate agenda to consolidate his power . Having accomplished this through a series of political moves and strong arm tactics , his next goal was to rebuild the German Armed Forces . It was impossible to rebuild the armed forces without breaking the Versailles Treaty , but this could not be done safely without a way to defend Germany in case of a response from the Western Allies of France and the United Kingdom . Hitler rejected the Versailles Treaty and began to strengthen the Armed Forces . He reinstituted Military drafting in March 1935 , took control of the Rhineland in 1936 , and sent the Condor Legion to Spain to fight along General Franco and be trained in the art of modern warfare . Germany began to exert diplomatic pressure with military threats to annex territories which contained German - speaking minorities . The Allies , wishing to avoid war at almost any cost , stood idly by when Austria was annexed , gave in to Hitler ' s demands in Czechoslovakia , and allowed the return of the Memel district . The " peaceful " expansion process culminated only with the invasion of Poland , when the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany and World War II began .
Ministry of Defence ( Iraq ) The Ministry of Defence ( ) is the Iraq government agency responsible for Defence of Iraq . It is also involved with internal security . Authority . The Ministry directs all the Iraqi Armed Forces , comprising a Joint Headquarters , the Iraqi Ground Forces Command ( which controls the Army ) , the Iraqi Special Operations Forces , the Iraqi Army , the Iraqi Navy ( including Marines ) , and the Iraqi Air Force . History . The Ministry was dissolved by Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2 of mid - 2003 . It was formally re - established by CPA Order 61 of February 22 , 2004 . In the interim period , the CPA Office of Security Affairs served as the de facto Ministry of Defence . The Iraqi Counter Terrorism Bureau directs the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Command , which is a further military force answerable to the Prime Minister of Iraq directly . As of 30 June 2009 , there had been legislation in progress for a year to make the Iraqi CTB a separate ministry . Minister of Defense . The position of Minister of Defense was left vacant in the current Iraqi cabinet , approved on 21 December 2010 . While it is vacant , Prime Minister Nouri al - Maliki serves as the acting defense minister . The previous Minister of Defense , Lieutenant General Abd al - Qadr Muhammed Jassim al - Obaidi , is a Sunni career military officer and political independent . He had limited experience and faced a number of hurdles impeding his effective governance . Some of the major problems included inheriting a staff that is notorious for favorism , corruption , and deeply divided along sectarian and ethnic lines . He was a rival of the former Minister of the Interior Jawad al - Bolani , National Security Advisor Muwafaq al - Rubai , and Minister of Staff for National Security Affairs Shirwan al - Waili . He has been criticized for not being able to stand up to the Badr Organization and Mehdi Army members which dominate his own party . In addition , as a Sunni he faced inherent challenges working within a Shiite - dominated government . On September 19 , 2005 , The Independent reported that approximately one billion US dollars have been stolen by top ranking officials from the Ministry of Defense including Hazim al - Shaalan and Ziyad Cattan . Previous defence ministers under Saddam Hussein ' s regime included Ali Hassan al - Majid ( ' Chemical Ali ' ) . Iraq ' s very first minister of defence was Jafar al - Askari ( 1920 - 1922 ) .