naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1940 – 1945 African War Medal The 1940 – 1945 African War Medal ( , ) was a Belgian war service medal established by royal decree of the Regent on 30 January 1947 and awarded to officers and soldiers for at least one year ' s service in the Force Publique between 10 May 1940 and 7 May 1945 . This service was not limited to the Belgian colonies of the Congo and Ruanda - Urundi but also included the Middle East , Nigeria , Madagascar and Burma , for which clasps were awarded for six months service in those areas . Persons eligible for award of both the 1940 – 1945 Colonial War Effort Medal and the 1940 – 1945 African War Medal could only receive one of the two , usually the one earned for the longest period of service . Award description . The 1940 – 1945 African War Medal was a 52mm high ( including suspension ) by 33mm wide rectangular medal struck from bronze with sloped upper shoulders and rounded lower corners . Its obverse bore the relief images of the left profiles of a native African soldier wearing a fez and of a helmeted Belgian soldier , both within a recessed central area . Under the recess , the embossed years " 1940 - 1945 " . The reverse was plain . Four clasps were issued for wear on the ribbon inscribed in French : Air force personnel who served in theatre whether on an operational combat or transport unit received the medal with a miniature set of bronze wings on the ribbon . The 1940 – 1945 African War Medal was suspended by a ring passing laterally though a suspension loop at the top of the medal , from a 37mm wide light blue silk moiré ribbon with a 5mm wide central yellow stripe and 3mm wide yellow stripes situated 5mm from the ribbon edges .
USS Resolute ( SP - 3003 ) " Note : This ship should not be confused with the third USS " Resolute " ( SP - 1309 ) or fourth USS " Resolute " ( SP - 3218 ) , which were in commission at the same time . " The fifth USS " Resolute " ( SP - 3003 ) , also referred to by the designation ID - 3003 , was a motorboat that entered service in the United States Navy as a ship ' s tender in 1918 . " Resolute " was built as a private motorboat during 1913 at the yard of Robert Jacob at City Island , New York . The U . S . Navy acquired her on 21 January 1918 from her owner , George A . Cormack of New York City , for use during World War I , placing her in service as USS " Resolute " , designated either SP - 3003 or ID - 3003 , the difference in reported designation occurring perhaps because the U . S . Navy sometimes used the " SP " and " Id . No . " designations interchangeably for civilian vessels procured for World War I service . " Resolute " served her entire U . S . Navy career as a ship ' s tender for the transport USS " Mount Vernon " ( ID - 4508 ) , and was carried aboard " Mount Vernon " for use at " Mount Vernon " s various ports of call . Records of " Resolute " s career otherwise are lacking . " Mount Vernon " was decommissioned in September 1919 , and it is likely that " Resolute " was disposed of , perhaps by sale , around that time .
Geoffrey Pidcock Air Vice - Marshal Geoffrey Arthur Henzell Pidcock ( 6 November 1897 - February 1976 ) began his career as a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . He remained in the Royal Air Force after World War I and rose in rank . Pidcock was born at Eastbourne , Sussex , and educated at St Cyprian ' s School . During World War I he joined the Royal Flying Corps and served in No . 60 Squadron RFC , No . 1 Squadron RFC , No . 44 Squadron RFC and No . 73 Squadron RAF . He reached the rank of captain and scored six aerial victories in 1917 and 1918 . He was awarded the French Croix de Guerre at that time . Post World War I , he served with 1 Squadron again , in India . He then flew Sopwith Snipe s in Iraq from 1921 to 1923 . He married Evelyn C . Watkin ( née Hardacre ) , widow of Hugh Watkin , at Kensington in 1929 . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Castillo de Salas ( castle ) The Castillo de Salas is a castle in the town of Salas in the region of Asturias , northern Spain . It first appeared in documentation in 1124 . Description . The castle is linked to the palace of Valdés Salas , which is currently a small hotel , through a bridge . The castle is a large square tower with four floors : The cellar , where the dungeons can be found , and three floors with a barrel vault . The floors are connected by a narrow spiral staircase and the roof is surrounded by battlements with a conical cylinders at each of the four corners . There are only three windows ; the rest are arrow slits purely for defensive purposes . Similarly the machicolation on the second floor , over the main gate , which was accessible over moat . Current contents . Inside the tower there is a museum on Pre - Romanesque art that is a valuable collection of pieces and tombstones from the church of San Martín , hence the name " Museo Prerrománico de San Martín de Salas " . The pieces provide an insight into the decorative richness of Pre - Romanesque art during 10th century in Spain .
Västmanlands regemente Västmanlands regemente ( Västmanland Regiment ) , designations I 18 and Fo 48 , was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that traced its origins back to the 16th century . It was disbanded for the first time in 1927 but later reraised and disbanded again in 1997 . The regiment ' s soldiers were originally recruited from the province of Västmanland , and it was later garrisoned there . History . The regiment has its origins in fänikor ( companies ) raised in Västmanland in the 1550s and 1560s . In 1617 , these units — along with fänikor from the nearby provinces of Dalarna and Uppland — were organised by Gustav II Adolf into Upplands storregemente , of which six of the total 24 companies were recruited in Västmanland . Upplands storregemente consisted of three field regiments , of which Västmanlands regemente was one . Sometime around 1623 , the grand regiment was permanently split into three smaller regiments , of which Västmanlands regemente was one . The regiment was officially raised in 1628 although it had existed since 1623 . Västmanlands regemente was one of the original 20 Swedish infantry regiments mentioned in the Swedish constitution of 1634 . The regiment ' s first commander was Bengt Bagge . It was allotted in 1682 as one of the first regiments to be so . The regiment was given the designation I 18 ( 18th Infantry Regiment ) in a general order in 1816 . Västmanlands regemente was garrisoned in Västerås from 1906 . The regiment was disbanded in 1927 , but was reorganised in 1994 as a local defence area with the designation Fo 48 , although disbanded again just three years later in 1997 .
USS Killarney ( SP - 219 ) USS " Killarney " ( SP - 219 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Killarney " was built as the civilian motorboat or motor yacht " Dora " in 1910 by the Defoe Boat Works at Bay City , Michigan . She was renamed " Killarney " in 1911 . The U . S . Navy purchased " Killarney " from her owner , James H . McGillan of Green Bay , Wisconsin , on 30 April 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel . She was commissioned as USS " Killarney " ( SP - 219 ) on 12 June 1917 with Ensign James H . McGillan , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the " 9th , 10th , and 11th Naval Districts " — at the time a single administrative entity made up of the 9th Naval District , 10th Naval District , and 11th Naval District — and based at Great Lakes , Illinois , " Killarney " served as a section patrol ship on the St . Mary ' s River in the Straits of Mackinac along the border between the United States and Canada during the summer and fall of 1917 . She wintered in Detroit , Michigan , then continued her duties beginning in the spring of 1918 on Lake St . Clair , the Detroit River , and the St . Clair River , where she patrolled channels and regulated traffic . On 3 March 1919 , " Killarney " was transferred to the Naval Training Camp at Detroit . " Killarney " was declared inactive on 12 August 1919 . Stricken from the Navy List on 3 November 1919 , she was sold on 18 December 1919 to John J . Kiley of Detroit . She remained in civilian use until abandoned in 1926 .
USS Turaco ( AMc - 55 ) USS " Turaco " ( AMc - 55 ) , an " Accentor " class coastal minesweeper was named , by the U . S . Navy for the turaco , a large , brilliantly colored African bird having a long tail and prominent crest . " Turaco " was laid down on 17 January 1941 by the Snow Shipyards of Rockland , Maine ; launched on 28 July 1941 ; sponsored by Mrs . F . C . Gatcombe ; placed in service on 9 October 1941 , Lt . ( jg . ) Allard B . Heyward , USNR , Officer in Charge . World War II North Atlantic operations . The new coastal minesweeper completed fitting out at Boston Naval Shipyard ; then got underway on 19 October 1941 . She arrived at Yorktown , Virginia , on the 21st for a period of training in mine warfare . In October , the wooden - hulled coastal minesweeper arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , and , soon thereafter , headed southward . Early in November , she reported for duty to the Commandant , 7th Naval District . On 19 February 1942 , a German submarine torpedoed and sank , the first American ship lost to enemy action in the waters of the Gulf Sea Frontier . In the summer of 1942 , as German submarines took their grim toll of merchant shipping , " Turaco " pursued her duties . German submarines laid minefield s which were discovered by patrolling American vessels - often enough , only after American ships had been damaged or lost . The small coastal minesweepers joined the larger sweepers ( AM ' s ) in clearing these fields on the Eastern Sea Frontier and Gulf Sea Frontier . As the war wore on , " Turaco " continued her duties with the 6th Naval District and the 7th Naval District . Increased availability of ships and aircraft , improved understanding of antisubmarine warfare , and greater organizational efficiency all contributed to decreasing merchant ship losses on the Gulf Sea Frontier . Post - War operations . As World War II drew to its close in June 1945 , " Turaco " served with Naval Air Operational Training Commands at Mayport , Florida , and Fort Lauderdale , Florida . Following a brief assignment in July with the Bureau of Ordnance , 7th Naval District , the minesweeper proceeded to Miami , Florida , for alterations . Early in August , as it became clear that the fighting would soon end , she reported to the Commandant , 6th Naval District , at Charleston for disposition . Decommissioning . " Turaco " was placed out of service on 30 November 1945 and was struck from the Navy list on 19 December of the same year . In September 1947 , she was transferred to the Maritime Commission and was sold to Henry H . Berman , Newark , New Jersey .
Henry Edward Manning Douglas Major General Henry Edward Manning Douglas ( 11 July 1875 – 14 February 1939 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born in Gillingham , Medway , Douglas was 24 years old , and a lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps , British Army during the Second Boer War on 11 December 1899 , at Magersfontein , South Africa , when the following deed earned him the Victoria Cross : Douglas returned to the United Kingdom in early 1901 , and received the VC from King Edward VII during an investiture at Marlborough House 25 July 1901 . He also served in the First World War and later achieved the rank of Major General . He is buried in Epsom . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum in Aldershot , England .
Tactical operations center A tactical operations center ( TOC ) is a command post for police , paramilitary , or military operations . A TOC usually includes a small group of specially trained officers or military personnel who guide members of an active tactical element during a mission . Most permanent tactical operations centers are highly technical and contain a number of advanced computer systems for monitoring operational progress and maintaining communications with operators in the field . One of the best - known TOCs is NORAD which houses the North American Military Aerospace Defense operations . TOC Officers are usually positioned in a way that enables line - of - sight communication between team members , as well as overall communication with the TOC operations officer ( or commander ) . Common configurations include center - facing monitors and against the wall monitors . Larger TOCs have a location where senior leaders are able to sit and observe operations of subordinate units . Smaller TOCs and field TOCs can be created in the back of vans and trucks , as well as in tents and buildings by setting up computers and linking in communication equipment .
John Leach ( Royal Navy officer ) John Catterall Leach DSO ( 1 September 1894 – 10 December 1941 ) ( often known as Jack ) was a British naval officer . He was the only captain of the battleship during her short period in service . The " Bismarck " . Very soon after the " Prince of Wales " entered active service in 1941 she fought under Leach ' s command in the Battle of the Denmark Strait , and suffered damage fighting the German battleship " Bismarck " . However damage inflicted by the " Prince of Wales " caused the " Bismarck " to lose fuel , forcing the latter to attempt to return to a base in occupied France . Despite a proposal to court - martial Leach for breaking off the action with the " Bismarck " after the " Hood " had sunk , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his part . In the 1960 film " Sink the Bismarck ! " Leach was played by actor Esmond Knight , who had been on the " Prince of Wales " ' bridge with Leach during the Battle of the Denmark Strait and was partially blinded when the ship was hit by " Bismarck " < nowiki > ' s < / nowiki > gunfire . Force Z . In late 1941 , " Prince of Wales " formed part of Force Z sent to Singapore . Off the coast of Malaya , she was sunk by the Japan ese . Captain Leach apparently abandoned " Prince of Wales " at the very last minute , but did not survive the vessel ' s sinking . His body was seen floating in the water a short time after the sinking . His son was Henry Leach ( 1923 – 2011 ) , who was First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy during the Falklands War . Bibliography . Hein , David . “ Vulnerable : HMS " Prince of Wales " in 1941 . ” " Journal of Military History " 77 , no . 3 ( July 2013 ) : 955 - 989 . Abstract online : http : / / www . smh - hq . org / jmh / jmhvols / 773 . html
23rd Independent Battery New York Light Artillery The 23rd Independent Battery New York Light Artillery was a unit of the Union Army of the American Civil War History . Organized as Battery A , New York Rocket Battalion , and designated 23rd New York Battery February 11 , 1863 , having served as such provisionally from November 1 , 1862 . Attached to Artillery Brigade , 18th Army Corps , Dept . of North Carolina , to May 1863 . District of Pamlico , Dept . of North Carolina , and District of North Carolina , Dept . of Virginia and North Carolina , to February 1864 . Sub - District Defenses of New Bern , North Carolina , Dept . of Virginia and North Carolina , to February , 1865 . District of Beaufort , N . C . , Dept . of North Carolina , to April , 1865 . Artillery , Kilpatrick ' s 3rd Cavalry Division , Army of Georgia , to July , 1865 . Service . Casualties . The battery lost 47 Enlisted men by disease during service .
Castle of Sant ' Aniceto The Castle of Sant ' Aniceto ( also San Niceto ) is a Byzantine castle built in the early 11th century on a hill in Motta San Giovanni , now in the province of Reggio Calabria , southern Italy . It is one of the few examples of High Middle Ages architecture in Calabria , as well as one of the few well - preserved Byzantine fortifications in the world . The name derives from that of St . Nicetas , a Byzantine admiral who lived in the 7th - 8th centuries . History . The castle was built as a refuge and a warning place during a period in which the ravages of Saracen pirates on the Calabrian and Sicilia n coasts were frequent . When the Normans conquered southern Italy , the structure was enlarged , with the addition of rectangular towers . In the 13th century the castle became he command center of the flourishing fief of Sant ' Aniceto ( which included Motta San Giovanni and Montebello ) . Two centuries later , entered in conflict with Reggio Calabria , and in 1459 it was destroyed by Alfonso of Calabria . Architecture . The castles has an irregular plan , which reminds that of a ship with the bow directed towards the mountains and the aft to the sea . Nest to the entrance are two square towers . At the feet of the short steep path leading to the plain below is a small church , which has a frescoed dome portraying the Christ Pantokrator , a typical subject of Byzantine Art . The height of the well - preserved walls varies from 3 to 3 . 5 meters , and they are some one meters thick .
George Waller George Waller VC ( June 1827 – 10 January 1877 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Waller was about 30 years old , and a colour - sergeant in the 1st Battalion , 60th Rifles ( later The King ' s Royal Rifle Corps ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place at Delhi , British India for which he was awarded the VC . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum , Winchester , England .
Ronis - class submarine The Ronis class submarines were built for the Latvian Navy in France in 1925 . They were acquired by the Soviets in 1940 following the annexation of Latvia by the Soviet Union . They were scuttled in Liepāja in June 1941 as the Nazis were about to capture the port . The hulls were raised in 1942 and scrapped Design . The boats were small coastal submarines built to a French design . Ronis means " seal " in the Latvian language , Spīdola is a character from the Latvian language poem Lāčplēsis
ARA Isla de los Estados ARA " Isla de los Estados " was an Argentine naval supply ship sunk during the Falklands War . Ship history . The 3 , 900 ton ship was built in 1975 by the " Sociedad Metalúrgica Duro Felguera " in Gijón , Spain , as " Trans - Bética " . She was acquired by the Argentine Navy , renamed and commissioned into the Naval Transport Service on 22 December 1980 , being used to maintain a regular transport service between the Falkland Islands and the mainland . On 28 March 1982 she sailed from Puerto Deseado to participate in " Operation Rosario " in the Falkland Islands , arriving on 4 April , three days after the initial landings , to provide transport around the archipelago . Sinking . " Isla de los Estados " was sunk by during the first hours of 11 May 1982 , in a surface action north of the Swan Islands in Falkland Sound . " Alacrity " engaged " Isla de los Estados " with 15 rounds of her 4 . 5 - inch gun . The Argentine ship blew up after seven hits ignited her cargo of jet fuel and ammunition . Only two of the 24 men aboard survived ; 15 crew members and seven servicemen ( from all three armed forces plus the coast guard ) were killed or missing . This was the only surface naval action during the 1982 war .
Italian ship San Giusto ( L9894 ) " San Giusto " ( L89894 ) is a Landing Helicopter Dock of the Italian Navy . The ship was built by Fincantieri - Cantieri Navali SpA at Riva Trigoso , laid down on 19 August 1991 , and launched 23 October 1993 . The ship was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian - led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 26 October 1999 to 15 February 2000 . In June 2005 " San Giusto " was the flagship of Admiral Jonathon Band RN , during " Exercise Sorbet Royal " , a NATO exercise in which ships from ten countries , including Ukraine and Russia , carried out simulated rescues from submerged submarines .
Géo André Géo André ( " Georges Yvan André " ; August 13 , 1889 – May 4 , 1943 ) was a French sportsman who is notable as an Olympic athlete who competed mainly in the high jump and as an international rugby union player . Personal history . André was born in Paris . André served as a fighter pilot in World War I , then joined the infantry in World War II . He was killed by German forces in 1943 in Tangier , aged 53 . Athletics career . He competed for France in the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , Great Britain in the high jump where he tied for the silver medal with British Con Leahy and Hungarian István Somodi . At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm his results weren ' t good . He also competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp this time in the 4 x 400 metres relay with team mates Gaston Féry , Maurice Delvart and André Devaux who together won the bronze medal . He took the Olympic Oath at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris . Olympic results . 1908 Summer Olympics " 1912 Summer Olympics " " 1920 Summer Olympics " " 1924 Summer Olympics "
Battle of Sangarará The Battle of Sangarará was fought on November 18 , 1780 in Sangarará , Viceroyalty of Peru , between rebel forces under Túpac Amaru II and Spanish colonial forces under Tiburcio Landa . Túpac Amaru II ' s forces won decisively . Background . The Battle of Sangarará took place nine days after the execution of Antonio de Arriaga , the corregidor of Tinta . Sangarará was the first major conflict between Spanish and rebel forces in the Rebellion of Túpac Amaru . Following the capture of Quiquijana , which had been abandoned by its corregidor , on November 12 , 1780 , meetings were held in Cuzco to establish a war council . Forces consisting of 800 from surrounding areas were combined with volunteers and militia from Cuzco and were organized under Tiburcio Landa . They arrived in Sangarará on the night of November 17 and based themselves in the town ' s church . The expectation of the arrival of a snowstorm may have influenced the Spanish decision to fortify the church in addition to strategic reasons . The battle . In the morning hours of November 18 , the rebel forces occupied nearby hills and surrounded the church . Sympathetic historical accounts outline Túpac Amaru II ' s request that Creoles , women , and children be allowed to leave the church before the attack . The rebels began attacking the Spanish with slingshots until the church caught fire , either through arson by Túpac Amaru II or through the sudden spark of Spanish gunpowder . The Spanish fled the church and were routed by the surrounding forces , who were armed with only spears and slings . Spanish troops had brought cannons with , but they were rendered ineffective by the walls of the church . Historical casualty estimates for the Spanish ranged from 300 to 576 . Estimates for rebel casualties number only 15 killed and 30 wounded . Aftermath . Túpac Amaru II ' s decisive victory helped to boost his support among Indians and gained him Spanish arms . It also helped to create fear among the Spanish in the area , although Spanish colonial officials used the violent nature of the battle in propaganda against the rebels . The Bishop of Cuzco excommunicated Túpac Amaru II from the church for the destruction of the church in Sangarará . The violent , anti - religious portrayals of the rebel leadership helped to limit support from Creoles and Mestizos . Following the battle , the rebels solidified their hold on the outside areas instead of attacking Cuzco , going against the advice of fellow commander ( and Túpac Amaru II ' s wife ) Micaela Bastidas .