naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dwite H . Schaffner Dwite H . Schaffner ( November 5 , 1889 – November 22 , 1955 ) was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I . Biography . Schaffner was born in Arroyo , Pennsylvania on November 5 , 1889 and died November 22 , 1955 . He is buried in Rose Hill Burial Park Akron , Ohio . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : First Lieutenant , U . S . Army , 306th Infantry , 77th Division . Place and date : Near St . Hubert ' s Pavilion , Boureuilles , France , September 28 , 1918 . Entered service at : Falls Creek , Pa . Birth : Arroya , Pa . G . O . No . : 15 , W . D . , 1923 . Citation : He led his men in an attack on St . Hubert ' s Pavillion through terrific enemy machinegun , rifle , and artillery fire and drove the enemy from a strongly held entrenched position after hand - to - hand fighting . His bravery and contempt for danger inspired his men , enabling them to hold fast in the face of 3 determined enemy counterattacks . His company ' s position being exposed to enemy fire from both flanks , he made 3 efforts to locate an enemy machinegun which had caused heavy casualties . On his third reconnaissance he discovered the gun position and personally silenced the gun , killing or wounding the crew . The third counterattack made by the enemy was initiated by the appearance of a small detachment in advance of the enemy attacking wave . When almost within reach of the American front line the enemy appeared behind them , attacking vigorously with pistols , rifles , and handgrenades , causing heavy casualties in the American platoon . 1st Lt . Schaffner mounted the parapet of the trench and used his pistol and grenades killing a number of enemy soldiers , finally reaching the enemy officer leading the attacking forces , a captain , shooting and mortally wounding the latter with his pistol , and dragging the captured officer back to the company ' s trench , securing from him valuable information as to the enemy ' s strength and position . The information enabled 1st Lt . Schaffner to maintain for 5 hours the advanced position of his company despite the fact that it was surrounded on 3 sides by strong enemy forces . The undaunted bravery , gallant soldierly conduct , and leadership displayed by 1st Lt . Schaffner undoubtedly saved the survivors of the company from death or capture .
Horst von Usedom Horst Viktor von Usedom ( 9 March 1906 – 14 October 1970 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 12th Panzer Division . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Menaulion The menaulion or menavlion ( ) , also menaulon or menavlon ( μέναυλον ) was a heavy spear with a length of 2 . 7 to 3 . 6 metres with a thick shaft , used by the Byzantine infantry as early as the 10th century AD , against enemy heavy cavalry . To give it increased strength , whole oak or cornel saplings were preferably used . These were then tipped with a long blade of ca . 45 – 50 cm . Its use is attested by emperor Nikephoros Phokas in his treatise " Praecepta Militaria " , and by Nikephoros Ouranos and Leo VI the Wise in their " Taktika " . It is also described in the 10th - century treatise known as the " Sylloge Tacticorum " . The men who were carrying the " menaulia " ( " menaulatoi " , sing . " menaulatos " ) were deployed behind the battle line and were only ordered to advance in front before the enemy cavalry charge . They seem to have arrayed in a thin line directly in front of the first rank of the battle line , although the " Sylloge Tacticorum " has the " menaulatoi " forming well before it , a tactic strongly condemned by Nikephoros Phokas . Another proposed deployment was obliquely on the flanks of a friendly infantry formation , along with javelineers , in an attempt to directly attack the flanks of the advancing enemy . They also deployed in the intervals between the heavy infantry formations of the Byzantine line along with light infantry to guard against enemy exploitation attempts . Within the encampment , they were positioned at the exits . In his work " De Ceremoniis " , Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus orders great numbers of " menaulia " to be produced . It has been proposed that the " vinavlon " mentioned in the 6th century AD by John Malalas in the sixth book of his " Chronographia " is an archaic form of the same weapon , although in Malalas ' text it is carried by cavalrymen .
German submarine U - 295 German submarine " U - 295 " was a Type VIIC / 41 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down on 31 December 1942 by the Bremer Vulkan " Werft " ( yard ) at Bremen - Vegesack as ' werk ' 60 , launched on 13 September 1943 and commissioned on 20 October with " Kapitänleutnant " Günther Wieboldt in command . In six patrols , she damaged one warship . She surrendered at Loch Eriboll in Scotland in May 1945 and was sunk as part of Operation " Deadlight " in December . Service history . The boat ' s service life began with training with the 8th U - boat Flotilla in October 1943 . She was then transferred to the 9th flotilla for operations on 1 August 1944 . She was reassigned to the 13th flotilla on 1 October and moved again to the 14th flotilla on 1 April 1945 . 1st and 2nd patrols . " U - 295 " s first patrol was uneventful . She then embarked on a series of short journeys between Bergen , Kristiansand , Stavanger and Trondheim . Her second foray , between Trondheim and Harstad was the most successful . She damaged the British frigate HMS " Mounsey " east northeast of Murmansk on 2 November 1944 . 3rd and 4th patrols . The submarine ' s third sortie took her into the Barents and Norwegian Seas . She returned to Harstad on 18 December 1944 . Her fourth patrol started in Harstad and finished in Narvik . She had spent three days off Murmansk , to no avail . 5th patrol . Her fifth effort was just as barren , even though it was longer . 6th patrol and fate . The boat departed Narvik on 15 April 1945 . Her route took her once again to the Barents Sea . She returned to the Nordic port on 7 May . She was then moved to Skjomen fjord on 12 May 1945 and in accordance with the surrender terms , she was transferred to Loch Eriboll in northern Scotland for Operation " Deadlight " on the 19th . She was sunk on 17 December by the guns of ORP " Blysawica " .
Castle Greg Castle Greg is the archaeological remains of a Roman fort let near Camilty Plantation , approximately three miles south - east of West Calder , West Lothian , in Scotland . The site is less than an acre in size , and lies just off the B7008 . It is one of the best preserved Roman earthworks in the country and was first excavated in the 19th century by Sir Daniel Wilson , the interior excavation having taken place in 1852 . The remains take the form of two defensive ditches protecting a clearly visible rectangular rampart . Originally , these ditches would have been at least fifteen feet in depth . The rampart behind the ditches still stands up to five feet high in places , though obviously , this would have been far higher when the fortlet was in use . On the rampart stood a wooden palisade , at least ten feet high , with a walkway running the length of the fortlet . There is an entrance through the rampart at the eastern end , over which would have stood a wooden tower attached to the walkway . Very little remains of the flat interior of the fortlet , although it is known that within there would have been two rows of barracks , between which there was a well . There would also have been a stable block . During the 1852 excavation of the interior , pottery was discovered from the well between the two barracks . Castle Greg was a most likely used as a monitoring base for an east - west road running along the foot of the nearby Pentlands , from the Forth to the Clyde Valley . Although the fortlet currently commands no long - distance views , during the 1st century AD , when the fort was in use , the surrounding countryside was not forested , and Castle Greg would have been able to view clearly up to the Fife coastline and the mountains beyond . The name Castle Greg is possibly derived from the Roman name " Camulosessa Præsidium " , from nearby Camilty , itself derived from " Camulos Tref " – literally , village of Camulos .
Enoch Greenleafe Parrott Enoch Greenleafe Parrott ( December 10 , 1814 – May 10 , 1879 ) was an American naval officer who fought in the Mexican - American War and Civil War , later rising to the rank of Rear admiral . Biography . Parrott was born in Portsmouth , New Hampshire on December 10 , 1814 . He entered the United States Navy in 1831 as a midshipman , and was promoted to lieutenant in 1841 . In 1843 he took part in the anti - slavery expedition of Commander Matthew C . Perry ' s Africa Squadron . During the Mexican - American War he served aboard the 52 - gun frigate , and took part in John C . Frémont ' s expedition from Monterey to Los Angeles , and in the capture of Guaymas and Mazatlán . Parrott was commissioned as Commander in 1861 at the beginning of the Civil War , and was involved in the destruction of Norfolk Navy Yard before it could be taken over by the Confederacy . In the brig he captured the Confederate privateer " Savannah " , for which he received the commendation of the Navy Department . He commanded the steamer from 1861 to 1863 , participating in the battle of Port Royal , and engaged the Confederate rams " Palmetto State " and " Chicora " at the time of their sortie from Charleston on January 31 , 1863 . Parrot was in command of the monitor of the North Atlantic squadron in the engagements with the ironclads on the James River in 1864 , and in the fights with Howett ' s battery . He commanded the in the first attack on Fort Fisher in December 1864 , and in the second attack in January 1865 , and was present at the surrender of Charleston , South Carolina . Parrott was promoted to Captain in 1866 , to Commodore in 1870 , and to Rear admiral in 1873 . He retired in 1874 . Parrott died in New York City on May 10 , 1879 , and is buried at St . John ' s church in Portsmouth , New Hampshire .
Ismet Muftić Ismet Muftić ( born 1876 , Žepče – died 1945 , Zagreb ) was the first Croatian Islamic mufti . He became mufti of the Croatian capital Zagreb in 1917 after the Islamic community was reformed there . His main task was to attempt to build a permanent mosque in the city . Due to lack of funds , the community was not able to achieve this on its own . Plans to build a mosque at Zelengaj in the 1930s did not succeed , however . However , after the Independent State of Croatia was formed , the ruling Ustaša party sought to better accommodate the Croatian Muslims . Muftić and the Muslim community put forth a proposition to turn the Orthodox church on Preradović Square into a mosque . In the end , it was decided that the Meštrović Pavilion would take that role . To that effect , three minarets were added to the building . In 1945 , at the end of the Second World War , Muftić was hanged by the Yugoslav Partisans in front of the very mosque which he had sought for nearly three decades . In 1949 the Pavilion ' s minarets were taken down , and the building returned to its old usage .
German submarine U - 164 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 161 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . The keel for this boat was laid down on 20 June 1940 at the " Deutsche Schiff und maschinenbau AG " , Bremen yard as ' werk ' 703 . She was launched on 1 May 1941 and commissioned on 28 November 1941 under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Otto Fechner . The U - boat ' s service began with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla . She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 August 1942 for operations . She sank three ships , totalling 8 , 133 tons . She was sunk by an American aircraft in January 1943 . Operational career . 1st patrol . The submarine ' s first patrol took her from Kiel on 18 July 1942 , across the North Sea and into the Atlantic Ocean through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . She sank the " Stad Amsterdam " on 25 August in the eastern Caribbean . The first torpedoes hit , except they were duds , probably fired from too close - in ; but a coup de grǎce caused the ship to sink stern - first . The boat also sank the " John A . Holloway " northwest of Curaçao . " U - 164 " arrived at Lorient , in occupied France , on 7 October . She would be based at this Atlantic port for the rest of her brief career . 2nd patrol and loss . She sank the " Brageland " , a Swedish neutral , on 1 January 1943 . A three - man boarding party inspected the ship and under the prize rules , she was torpedoed . " U - 164 " was sunk by an American PBY Catalina flying boat of VP - 83 125 mi from northwest of Ceará State shore line , Brazil on 6 January 1943 . 54 men died , there were two survivors .
Fikri Karadağ Fikri Mehmet Karadağ is a retired Turkish army colonel who was indicted for treason in the Ergenekon investigation for allegedly heading ultra - nationalist organizations called the Association for the Union of Patriotic Forces ( ) , and the " Kuvayı Milliye Derneği " ( National Forces Society ) . Ergenekon . It has been alleged that Karadağ is connected to the assassination of businessman Üzeyir Garih on the basis that the perpetrators knew or were subordinate to Karadağ . Garih was assassinated on 25 August 2001 by Yener Yermez , of the Hasdal barracks ' café ( . Also working in the café was lieutenant Murat Oğuz , who got caught in 2001 for petty fraud with the Ergenekon investigation ' s key figure , Tuncay Güney . It is alleged that both Oğuz and Yermez were subordinate to Karadağ , in the capacity of Commander of the Mechanized Regiment ( ) . Ergenekon suspect Oktay Yıldırım ( whose grenades in Ümraniye launched the investigation ) was also stationed in the Hasdal barracks . Yıldırım was in the 6th Infantry Brigade ( ) from August 1999 to April 2005 .
Battle of Przemyśl ( 1939 ) The " Battle of Przemysl " was a battle between Polish and German forces that took place in the year 1939 , in the Polish town of Przemysl . The Polish Army under the command of Kazimierz Sosnkowski arrived in Przemysl on September , 1939 to prepare the town ' s defenses for a German attack , they didn ' t have long to prepare though . The Germans began there offensive with saturation bombing , which began one the first or second day of September . The bombings lasted till the eighth , and managed to destroy the cities Primary school for Girls , and set fire to the Central shopping plaza along with other buildings and also killing many of the cities defenders . On the morning of September 10 , 1939 the German forces moved in for the ground attack under the command of General Albert Scewola - Wieczorkiewicz . The Polish army tried to put up a fight but the powerful German army , who vastly out numbered them , was too much for the small garrison . The Town was taken by the Germans on September 15 , and the first German mayor was appointed the same day . References . http : / / www . kki . pl / pioinf / przemysl / dzieje / dzieje3 _ e . html http : / / desertwar . net / battle - of - przemysl . html http : / / www . jewishgen . org / yizkor / przemysl / prz371 . html Polish War Letters
Bengt Nordenskiöld Bengt G : son Nordenskiöld ( September 6 , 1891 - January 28 , 1983 ) , was a general in the Swedish Air Force and Chief of Staff 1942 - 1954 . In 1910 Nordenskiöld started as a volunteer at Svea Livgarde , later attending the Swedish Armed Forces Military Academy at Karlberg Castle . On 28 January 1928 , he was made a captain in the general staff . During 1931 he went through aircraft recognition training at F5 Ljungbyhed , after which he was trained as a pilot . In 1936 , Nordenskiöld started work in the recently created air staff under General Torsten Friis , later becoming a Lieutenant General . He was appointed Chief of the Airforce in 1942 . Nordenskiöld was the first Chief of the Airforce with a pilot education . He was made a General in 1954 .
Camp des Milles The Camp des Milles was a French internment camp , opened in September 1939 , in a former tile factory near the village of Les Milles , part of the commune of Aix - en - Provence ( Bouches - du - Rhône ) . Overview . History . The camp was first used to intern Germans and ex - Austrians living in the Marseille area , and by June 1940 , some 3 , 500 artists and intellectuals were detained there . Inmates included men of letters such as Fritz Brugel , Leon Feuchtwanger , William Herzog , Alfred Kantorowicz , Golo Mann , Walter Hasenclever , scientists such as Nobel Prize laureate Otto Fritz Meyerhof , as well as musicians and painters such as Erich Itor Kahn , Hans Bellmer , Max Ernst , Hermann Henry Gowa , Gustave Herlich , Max Lingner , Ferdinand Springer , Franz Meyer , Jan Meyerowitz , Franz Waxman , François Willi Wendt and Robert Liebknecht . Between 1941 and 1942 Le Camp des Milles was used as a transit camp for Jews , mainly men . Women were at the Centre Bompard in Marseille , while they waited for their visas and anthorisations to emigrate . As emigration became impossible , Les Milles became one of the " centres de rassemblement " before deportation . About 2 , 000 of the inmates were shipped off to the Drancy internment camp on the way to Auschwitz . After the war , the site was briefly re - opened in 1946 as a factory . Memorial . Since 1993 , the sites serves as a World War II memorial . The " Fondation du camp des Milles : mémoire et éducation " ( Foundation of the Camp des Milles : Memory and Education ) is directed by Alain Chouraqui , a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research . On September 10 , 2012 , seventy years after the last train left from Les Milles to the Auschwitz concentration camp , the memorial was inaugurated by French Prime Minister Jean - Marc Ayrault . Elie Wiesel , Simone Veil and Serge Klarsfeld visited and praised the memorial . Film . In 1995 , a movie entitled " Les Milles " commemorating this camp and the events that took place in this camp at the time of the Armistice in June 1940 was made .
Thomas Le Mesurier ( RAF officer ) Flight Commander Thomas Frederick Le Mesurier ( 6 February 1897 – 26 May 1918 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . Le Mesurier was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) and two Bars and a Distinguished Service Medal for his conspicuous service in bombing operations . Early life . Thomas Le Mesurier was born on 6 February 1897 , in Shepherd ' s Bush , London to Ernest Cecil Le Mesurier and his wife Gertrude Arabelle Le Mesurier . Military career . In 1916 , Le Mesurier joined the Royal Naval Air Service ( RNAS ) . He records show that as a Flight Sub - Liuetenant his passed flying training at the Central Flying School at Upavon on the 17 March 1916 . He was then posted to No . 5 Squadron RNAS , where he became an ace with seven victories flying the Airco DH . 4 between June and October 1917 . Death . On the morning of 26 May 1918 , Le Mesurier and his observer were flying an Airco DH . 9 ( number D1693 ) on a test flight when they were engaged by German Marine Flak near Schoorbakke and suffered severe damage to the aircraft . Le Mesurier managed to pilot the stricken aircraft back towards his own lines but crashed after the port wing folded up crossing over trenches at 20 feet near Pervijze . The aircraft was completely wrecked but salvaged on the 27 May and taken to No . 8 Air Park . Mesurier , DSC , RAF , 21 June 1918 .
Henschel Hs 298 The Henschel Hs 298 was a 1940s German rocket - powered air - to - air missile designed by Professor Herbert Wagner of Henschel . Design and development . The Hs 298 was designed specifically to attack allied bomber aircraft and was the first missile designed specifically for air - to - air use . It was to be carried on special launch rails by Dornier Do 217 s ( five missiles ) or Focke - Wulf Fw 190 s ( two missiles ) and carried 48 kg ( 106 lb ) of explosive . The Hs 298 was a mid - wing monoplane with tapered swept back wings and it had a single horizontal stabiliser with twin vertical fins . It was powered by a Henschel - designed rocket motor built by Schmidding as the 109 – 543 ; it had two stages , the first high velocity stage was designed to leave the launch aircraft at 938 km / h ( 585 mph ) , in the second stage the speed was brought back to 682 km / h ( 425 mph ) to give a maximum range of about one mile ( 1 . 6 km ) . It used a Strassburg - Kehl FuG 203 radio guidance system powered by a propeller - driven ( mounted on the nose ) electric generator . The missile needed two crew on the launch aircraft to control it , one operator used a reflector - type sight to aim at the target and the other flew the missile using a joystick and another sight paired to the first with a servo system . The only known test firings were carried out on 22 December 1944 with three missiles carried by a Junkers Ju - 88G . Only two missiles left the launch rails with one failing to release , of the two released one exploded prematurely and nose - dived into the ground . It was planned to enter mass production in January 1945 but the project was abandoned in favour of the X - 4 . Survivors . One Hs 298 is on display at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford . One Hs 298 is on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Steven F . Udvar - Hazy Center .
Henry Wellesley , 6th Duke of Wellington Henry Valerian George Wellesley , 6th Duke of Wellington ( 14 July 1912 – 16 September 1943 ) , styled Earl of Mornington between 1912 and 1934 and Marquess of Douro between 1934 and 1941 , was a British peer . Wellington was the son of Arthur Wellesley , 5th Duke of Wellington and the Hon . Lilian Maud Glean Coats , daughter of Lord Glentaner . His career in the military began with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in 1935 in the Duke of Wellington ' s Regiment ( West Riding ) . He died , aged 31 , on 16 September 1943 from wounds received in action while leading a group of Commando s . He is buried in the British Salerno War Cemetery , Bivio Pratole in the province of Salerno , Italy . At the time of his death he was a Captain in command of a Troop in No . 2 Commando , commanded by Lieutenant Colonel ' Mad ' Jack Churchill . Both No 2 and No 41 Commando Royal Marines were engaged at the Salerno landings . They switched from their initial battle area around Vietri sul Mare , west of Salerno , to a position two to three miles inland of Mercatello , then south east of Salerno . The Germans held and were strengthening three high - ground positions . During the daytime of 16 September , No 2 Commando moved back though a valley around the village of Piegolelle dubbed ' Pigoletti ' , which had been cleared the night before , intending to capture a hill at the far end referred to as ' Pimple Hill ' . However , in the early hours the Germans had sent light forces back into the valley and also strengthened ' Pimple Hill ' . On assaulting the hill two troops of commandos were exposed to well - positioned machine - gun fire . The Duke was among the fatalities : leading a charge against a machine - gun post he was hit by a sustained burst of Spandau fire . His helmet was holed in three or four places . He was buried close to the place where he was killed . As he died without issue , and was the only son of his father , he was succeeded in the peerage by his uncle , Lord Gerald Wellesley . His sister Anne succeeded him as 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo .