naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John Niel Randle John Niel Randle VC ( 22 December 1917 – 6 May 1944 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . John Niel Randle was born in India , the son of Dr . Herbert Niel Randle and Edith Randle ( née Whitby ) . He was educated at the Dragon School , Marlborough College , and Oxford University . At Oxford he qualified in Law and his best friend was Leonard Cheshire . He married Mavis Ellen Manser of Holywell , Oxford , sister of Leslie Thomas Manser who was awarded the VC posthumously in 1942 after a bombing raid on Cologne . Military career . Randle was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Norfolk Regiment in May 1940 . At the age of 26 , he was promoted to Temporary Captain whilst serving with the 2nd Battalion , The Royal Norfolk Regiment . Captain Randle was commander of ' B ' Company of the Norfolks . On 4 May 1944 during the Battle of Kohima in North East India , he was ordered to attack the Japanese flank on GPT Ridge during the relief and clearance of Kohima . The citation from the " London Gazette " reads : A memorial to Captain Randle is in St Peter ' s Church , Petersham . The medal . His Victoria Cross is on loan to the Imperial War Museum by his son John . It is displayed alongside that of his friend Leonard Cheshire . In the media . Randle was portrayed by Tom Hiddleston in the 2006 television docudrama " Victoria Cross Heroes " , which included archive footage , dramatisations of his actions and an interview with his son and grandson .
Roy Stone Roy Stone ( October 16 , 1836 – August 5 , 1905 ) was a Union Army general during the American Civil War . He is most noted for his stubborn defense of the McPherson Farm during the Battle of Gettysburg . Early life and family . Stone was born in Plattsburg , New York , to Ithiel V . and Sarah Stone . His family had been among the early settlers of the region , and his father owned a large estate . As a young man , he was an engineer and lumberman before the Civil War . Stone married Mary Elizabeth Marker at the First Presbyterian Church in Pittsburgh on August 14 , 1862 . They would have two children , a son , Richmond and a daughter , Margaret . Civil War . Stone first served as major of the 13th Pennsylvania Reserves , a regiment that saw action at several early war battles , including Antietam . Stone returned to Pennsylvania to help recruit new regiments ; he was commissioned as colonel of the newly raised 149th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry in 1863 . He commanded a brigade in the third division of I Corps of the Army of the Potomac in the Battle of Chancellorsville but did not see serious combat . During the Gettysburg Campaign , Stone retained command of his three Pennsylvania regiments . On July 1 , 1863 , on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg , his brigade , largely composed of green troops , was posted on McPherson ' s Ridge south of the Chambersburg Pike . Although the brigade had not seen previous combat , it was instrumental in holding back several assaults by the Confederates . Stone moved his regiments to block attacks by Col John Brockenborough and BG Junius Daniel . His troops held until the Iron Brigade and other Federal units fell back . Stone ' s men were among last to withdraw from their sector . Stone was severely wounded in the hip and arm in the fighting , and he returned home to recuperate . After his return to active duty , Stone served briefly as a brigade commander in James Wadsworth ' s 4th Division , V Corps during Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ' s 1864 Overland Campaign . He was removed from command during the Battle of the Wilderness . Stone ' s horse fell on him on May 5 , but many presumed he had been drunk on the battlefield . Stone then commanded the Alton Military Prison in Alton , Illinois , late in the war . He was brevet ted brigadier general , U . S . Volunteers , on September 7 , 1864 , for " gallant services during the war , and especially at Gettysburg . " Postbellum . Stone returned to active military duty serving in the Spanish American War . After the war , Stone became a leading advocate of the Good Roads Movement . His contributions led to major changes and improvements in highway construction and design . He served as one of the early heads of the Division of Public Roads . Honors . Stone Avenue in the Gettysburg National Military Park is named in his honor and memory . The palm genus " Roystonea " is named in memory of the work he did in road building in Puerto Rico during the capture of the island . Cultural references . Stone is mentioned in an article about the Interstate Highway System .
Camp Wheeler Camp Wheeler was a United States Army base near Macon , Georgia . The camp was a staging location for many US Army units during World War I and World War II . It was named for Joseph Wheeler , a general in the Confederate States of America ' s Army . The War Department used the site area of Camp Wheeler as a mobilization center from 1917 to 1918 . It was established on July 18 , 1917 as a temporary training camp for National Guard units in federal service and consisted primarily of tents in a cantonment area for the 29 , 000 officers and enlisted men . The military closed the first Camp Wheeler on April 10 , 1919 . The military used Camp Wheeler as an infantry replacement center from 1940 to 1945 . The base was re - established on October 8 , 1940 , with construction beginning on December 21 , 1940 . Rather than being used to train entire units , the camp was an Infantry Replacement Training Center where new recruits received basic and advanced individual training to replace combat casualties . The camp was divided into three major portions : a cantonment area , a maneuver area , and a main impact area . At the height of the training effort , the camp contained 17 , 000 trainees and 3 , 000 cadre personnel . The camp was declared excess on January 19 , 1946 . Following a decontamination operation in the fall of 1946 , the land was returned to the owners . Among units that staged there was the 7th Infantry Division . A 1 , 000 - bed hospital and a prisoner - of - war camp were included in the World War II camp .
Richard Grünert Major Richard Grünert ( October 8 , 1899 - March 13 , 1943 ) was a German officer of the 7th Panzer Division during the Second World War who was killed in March 1943 while on operations within the Soviet Union . For his actions he was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves in a ceremony later that year on May 17 .
Alois Weber Alois Weber ( 30 November 1915 – 19 January 2003 ) was a Untersturmführer ( Second Lieutenant ) , in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Weber was awarded the German Cross in Gold , in April 1943 which was followed by the award of the Knight ' s Cross on the 30 July 1943 , while serving as a Hauptscharführer ( Sergeant Major ) and platoon commander with the 1st Company , SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Deutschland " , 2nd SS Panzer Division " Das Reich " .
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 , also known as the " Burke - Wadsworth Act " , , was the first peacetime conscription in United States history . This Selective Service Act required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register with local draft boards . Later , when the U . S . entered World War II , all men aged 18 to 45 were made subject to military service , and all men aged 18 to 65 were required to register . Effects of the Act . Signed into law by Franklin Roosevelt in 1940 , the Act established the first peace - time draft in United States history . Under the Selective Training and Service Act , all American males between twenty - one and thirty - six years of age registered for the draft . The government selected men through a lottery system . If drafted , a man served for twelve months . According to the Selective Training and Service Act ' s provisions , drafted soldiers had to remain in the Western Hemisphere or in United States possessions or territories located in other parts of the world . The act provided that not more than 900 , 000 men were to be in training at any one time , and it limited service to 12 months . Section 5 ( g ) of the Act contained a provision for conscientious objection : World War II draft . The draft began in October 1940 . By the early summer of 1941 , President Franklin Roosevelt asked the U . S . Congress to extend the term of duty for the draftees beyond twelve months . On August 12 , the United States House of Representatives approved the extension by a single vote . As for Under Secretary of the Army Karl R . Bendetson said in an oral history interview , " Mr . Rayburn banged the gavel at a critical moment and declared the Bill had passed . " The Senate approved it by a wider margin , and Roosevelt signed the bill into law on August 18 . Many of the soldiers drafted in October 1940 threatened to desert once the original twelve months of their service was up . Many of these men painted the letters " O H I O " on the walls of their barracks in protest . These letters were an acronym for " Over the hill in October , " which meant that the men intended to desert upon the end of their twelve months of duty . Desertions did occur , but they were not widespread . Following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor , Hawaii , on 7 December 1941 , thousands of American men and women swelled the United States ' military ' s ranks by volunteering for service , and thousands more by conscription . After the United States entered World War II , a new selective service act made men between 18 and 45 liable for military service and required all men between 18 and 65 to register . The terminal point of service was extended to six months after the war . From 1940 until 1947 — when the wartime selective service act expired after extensions by Congress — over 10 , 000 , 000 men were inducted .
Gor - class gunboat The " Gor " class was a class of two Rendel ( or " flat - iron " ) gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1884 and 1887 . Small , nimble vessels , they were armed with a single large - caliber gun for offensive purposes and several small , quick - firing guns for self - defense . The main gun was large for such a small craft , roughly a quarter of the length of the whole vessel , and of the same caliber as heavy battleship guns of the same era . The " Gor " class was likely built in the belief that the ships would be able to inflict serious damage to an opposing battleship . Service history and fate . Shortly before the First World War , both vessels were rebuilt as minelayer s . During this reconstruction , the heavy , large - caliber gun was replaced with a more modern 12 cm breech - loader , and one of the 37 mm guns was replaced with a more potent 57 mm ( " Tyr " ) or 76 mm ( " Gor " ) gun . With the heavy gun and ammunition removed , these diminutive vessels could carry a useful number of mines . Both vessels were kept in service until the German invasion in 1940 , and both fell into German hands for the remainder of the war . After the Second World War , the vessels were returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy , and subsequently decommissioned .
ARA Almirante Brown ( D - 10 ) ARA " Almirante Brown " ( pennant number " D - 10 " ) is the lead ship of the MEKO 360H2 series of four destroyers built for the Argentine Navy . The ship is the ninth ship in the history of the Argentine Navy to be named for Admiral William Brown , the founder and commander of the Argentine Navy during Argentina ' s war of independence against Spain . The Argentine Navy struggles to meet maintenance and training requirements because of financial problems and import restrictions . The " Almirante Brown " class are reported to be short of spares and suffering engine problems , plus all their ordnance is past its expiry date . Origin . " Almirante Brown " and her sister ships were authorized under the Naval Construction National Plan of 1974 , an initiative by the Argentine Navy to replace old World War II - vintage warships which were nearing the end of their operational lives . A contract was signed with the Blohm + Voss Shipyards in Hamburg , West Germany for the construction of four MEKO 360H2 destroyers . Construction . The keel of " Almirante Brown " was laid down on September 8 , 1980 and she was launched on March 28 , 1981 . The ship was delivered to the Argentine Navy on February 2 , 1983 for her sea trials , following which the ship departed for Argentina , arriving at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base on March 21 and being formally commissioned into the Navy on March 28 of that same year . Service history . " Almirante Brown " , together with the corvette " ARA Spiro " , was ordered to proceed to the Persian Gulf on September 25 , 1990 , as part of the United Nations - mandated naval blockade on Iraq following its invasion of Kuwait . The ship formed part of the multinational task force and participated on Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm , returning to Argentina on April 25 , 1991 . On April 16 , 1996 , " Almirante Brown " conducted the first trans - horizon launch of an Exocet MM - 40 missile in the Argentine navy . She is currently homeported at Puerto Belgrano as part of the Navy ' s 2nd Destroyer Division , along with her three sister ships .
Joseph Berchtold Joseph Berchtold ( March 6 , 1897 in Ingolstadt – August 23 , 1962 in Herrsching ) , a former stationery salesman , succeeded Julius Schreck as Reichsführer SS in 1926 . He was the last surviving person to hold that rank and the only one to survive under it during World War II . Berchtold served in the First World War and held the rank of second lieutenant at the end of the war . In 1920 he joined the NSDAP . He was considered to be more dynamic than his predecessor , but was still unable to keep the Party organizers at bay . After much in - fighting he resigned in 1927 and was replaced by his deputy Erhard Heiden . Berchtold 1924 was District Director of the Nazi party in Carinthia in Austria and there was leader of the SA . After the readmission of the Nazi party banned as a result of the coup in Germany ( February 20 , 1925 ) he was again in 1925 party member ( membership no . 964 ) . In April 1926 , Berchtold returned to Germany . On 15 April 1926 , he took over the leadership of the Munich SA . He was at the same time as successor to Julius Schreck " Director " of the SS , an Office which was known as the " Reichsführer - SS " from 1 November . He was from 1928 to 1945 as SA leader on the staff of the Supreme SA leadership ( OSAF ) . In the following years , Berchtold operated primarily as a journalist and propagandist : from January 1 , 1927 to January 1933 he was from Editor , Chief of the service from January 1933 to February 1943 January 1938 in addition Deputy main writer of " Völkischer observer " . In 1928 , he founded the journal " The Storm trooper " ; until January 1938 , he was the main writer of the paper , which was published by the Supreme SA leadership . He was also the author of various Nazi publications and staff of additional magazines . More posts in the Third Reich were of secondary importance : from March 1934 Berchtold was Councilman of the town councillor in Munich , then from 1 October to the end of the war . He belonged to the meaningless Reichstag from 29 March 1936 . On 15 November 1935 , he was appointed to the Reich culture Senator , from 6 March 1936 , he belonged to the " culture of SA " . From 29 April 1940 he served as a captain of the reserve on a temporary basis in the Wehrmacht . After the war ended in 1945 , Berchtold was temporarily in Allied detention .
Bayug Airfield Bayug Airfield is a World War II airfield located in the east of Burauen , Leyte , Philippines , and to the west of San Pablo Airfield , to the north of the Marabong River in the province of Leyte , Philippines . It was closed after the war . History . Bayung was built by the Japanese during the occupation in 1943 . The airfield was a single runway with a set of revetments , and taxiways in a V shape out from the main runway . It was seized by the Americans in November 1944 after the Leyte landing and turned into a command and control base , as well as an operational airfield housing reconnaissance units . With the end of the war , the base was closed and today the airfield has returned to its natural state . Units assigned to Bayug airfield were :
Russian submarine K - 336 Pskov Russian submarine " K - 336 Pskov " ) is a attack submarine of the Russian Navy . She is named after the Russia n city Pskov . History . This ship , originally named " Okun " ( Perch ) , was laid down as the last " Sierra - II " class submarine in 1990 at the Krasnoye Soromovo factory in Nizhny Novgorod . After the hull was launched in 1992 , it was towed to the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk for completion and sea trials . The boat was commissioned in 1993 , serving in the Russian Northern Fleet , based in Ara Bay , Vidyaevo . It was commanded by Captain 1st Rank Andrei Sapelkin , alongside Captain Lieutenant Viktor Petrashov , two of the most decorated leaders in the Russian Fleet . On March 5 , 2003 , the " Pskov " was being overhauled in a dry dock in Roslyakovo . The wooden scaffolding surrounding the hull was ignited by the welding work that was done to the ship , and a fire broke out . After 90 minutes , the fire was put out , and the " Pskov " ' s outer soundproofing rubber coating was damaged . There were no casualties or radiation leakage . The submarine is believed to be operational again since early 2007 .
Ernst Biehler Ernst Friedrich Biehler ( 7 June 1903 – 26 May 1997 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
840th Air Division The 840th Air Division ( 840 AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Ninth Air Force , being stationed at Lockbourne Air Force Base , Ohio . It was inactivated on 24 December 1969 . The unit was an intermediate command echelon for the Air Force Reserve , with its units being allocated to Tactical Air Command if activated . It provided command and control for assigned reserve troop carrier wings and provided staff and advisory services to assigned unit to ensure operational capability . Between 1966 and 1969 , subordinate units , participated in worldwide tactical airlift operations , humanitarian missions , tactical exercises , and maneuvers including joint airborne training . During 1965 - 1969 , the division provided C - 130 Hercules aircraft replacement training support for Pacific Air Forces and personnel activated as a result of the Vietnam War . The 840 AD was inactivated in 1969 as a result of budget reductions , its units being consolidated directly into Ninth Air Force . History . Components . Wings Squadron
Werner Lott Werner Lott ( 3 December 1907 – 2 May 1997 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II . He was taken prisoner on 29 November 1939 after his boat was scuttled in the North Sea at position after having been depth - charged by , and . One of the incidents involving Lott happened while a prisoner of war in the Tower of London . He complained about the accommodations , and asked to talk to the officer in charge . Instead , he was visited by Lord Louis Mountbatten , the commander of the flotilla that sank his submarine , who arranged for the Admiralty to allow Lott and his second - in - command to dine at Scott ' s Restaurant on the condition they not try to escape . Lott kept his promise , and was returned to the Tower later that night . A few days later , he and the other officers were moved to the Grizedale P . O . W . camp . Later , the entire crew was moved to P . O . W . camps in Canada . He was also famously known for his humanity and being responsible for saving the lives of 28 Greek sailors whose ship he torpedoed ; his submarine rescued the sailors who were treated with the utmost decency and landed them safely on a Kerry beach in what was one of only two such instances when a German submarine crew risked its own safety to protect the crew of a vessel they torpedoed and sank . References . The article mistakenly claims that Lott was lost with his submarine . In fact , everyone from U - 35 ' s crew at the beginning of World War II survived the war .
Battle of Dytiatyn Battle of Dytiatyn was one of battles of the Polish – Soviet War of 1919 - 1921 also referred to as the " Polish Thermopylae " ( together with Battle of Zadwórze and Battle of Wizna ) . It took place on 16 September 1920 between units of the 8th Polish Field Artillery Regiment from Płock and the 8th Mounted " Red Cossack " Division of the Red Army near the village of Dytiatyn ( now in Ukraine , northwest of Halicz ) . The Poles defended themselves on a grassy hill above sea level but after they ran out of ammunition they were massacred by some 3 , 500 Soviet mounted troops . The " Red Cossacks " murdered 97 Poles and an additional number of wounded Poles were killed after the battle . Among the dead was the commandant of the regiment Colonel Wladyslaw Domanski . Altogether on that day some 240 Poles died . The 8th Mounted " Red Cossack " Division of the Red Army was destroyed a few days later near Tarnopol . In the interbellum period Polish military authorities established a cemetery and a monument to the massacred soldiers . It was completely destroyed after the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939 .
Revolutionary Association The Revolutionary Association ( ) was a Polish 18th century underground society , founded in Warsaw . Created at the outbreak of the Kościuszko ' s Uprising by the envoy of Tadeusz Kościuszko , Tomasz Maruszewski , it united a number of officers of the Warsaw Garrison , incl . Michał Chomentowski and Grzegorz Ropp . Its sole aim was to prepare the Warsaw Uprising ( 1794 ) .