naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2nd London Infantry Brigade 168th ( London ) Brigade or British 2nd London Infantry Brigade . This formation was part of the Second World War 56th ( London ) Division . The division remained in the United Kingdom during the Battle of France , moving to the Middle East in November 1942 where it served in Iraq and Palestine until moving to Egypt in March 1943 and thence forward to Libya , and the front , in April . The division sat out the Allied invasion of Sicily ( except for the 168th Brigade , which was attached to the understrength 50th ( Northumbrian ) Infantry Division and moved to Italy in September 1943 , serving there until March 1944 and participated in the Anzio Campaign . After being withdrawn to Egypt at the end of March , the division returned to Italy in July 1944 and remained there until after VE Day . The above units came under the US 5th Army The 10th Berkshires ( 168th inf Brig ) wore the US 5th Army insignia on their left arm . There is proof for this in a Photograph of Pvt Harold Lee of Hyde End Road , Spencers Wood , Near Reading Berkshire . UK who served in the 10th from Dunkirk to Sicily to Burmah .
ComSubPac Commander , Submarine Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet ( COMSUBPAC ) is the principal advisor to the Commander , United States Pacific Fleet ( COMPACFLT ) for submarine matters . The Pacific Submarine Force ( SUBPAC ) includes attack , ballistic missile and auxiliary submarines , submarine tender s , floating submarine docks , deep submergence vehicle s and submarine rescue vehicle s throughout the Pacific . The Force provides anti - submarine warfare , anti - surface ship warfare , precision land strike , mine warfare , intelligence , surveillance and early warning and special warfare capabilities to the U . S . Pacific and strategic deterrence capabilities to the U . S . Strategic Command . ComSubPac ' s mission is to provide the training , logistical plans , manpower and operational plans and support and tactical development necessary to maintain the ability of the Force to respond to both peacetime and wartime demands . Submarines and Units . These are the submarines and related units reporting to COMSUBPAC . Pearl Harbor , Hawaii . Submarine Squadron 1 includes : Per OPNAVNOTE 5400 Ser DNS - 33 / 11U228579 of 10 Oct 2011 , Submarine Squadron 3 has inactivated in accordance with POM - 12 efficiencies . IAW OPNAV Notice 5400 . 2001 ( 5 Jan 2012 ) , submarines have been reallocated as follows : Commander , Submarine Squadron 1 Commander , Submarine Squadron 7 Submarine Squadron 7 included : Officers Serving as COMSUBPAC . The following is an incomplete list : Wartime submarine skipper During World War II , one of the myriad submarine units in the Pacific Fleet was the Submarine Repair Training Unit , Pacific , ( SubTraPac ) headquartered at San Diego , California . SubTraPac was the result of a merger with Submarine Repair Unit at San Diego , California .
Battle of Scheveningen The Battle of Scheveningen ( also known as the Battle of Texel or the Battle of Ter Heijde ) was the final naval battle of the First Anglo - Dutch War . It took place on 8 – 1653 between the fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces , and had no clear victor . Background . After their victory at the Battle of the Gabbard in June 1653 , the English fleet of 120 ships under General at Sea George Monck blockaded the Dutch coast , capturing many merchant vessels . The Dutch economy began to collapse immediately : mass unemployment and even starvation set in . On , Dutch Lieutenant - Admiral Maarten Tromp put to sea in the " Brederode " with a fleet of 100 ships to lift the blockade at the island of Texel , where Vice - Admiral Witte de With ' s 27 ships were trapped by the English . On , the English sighted Tromp and pursued to the south , sinking two Dutch ships before dark , but allowing De With to slip out and rendezvous the next day with Tromp off Scheveningen , right next to the small village of Ter Heijde , after Tromp had positioned himself by some brilliant manoeuvering to the north of the English fleet . Battle . The winds were fierce on and overnight , giving both fleets pause . Around 7 in the morning of , the Dutch gained an advantage from the weather and attacked , led by the " Brederode " . The ensuing battle was ferocious , with both fleets moving through each other four times . Tromp was killed early in the fight by a sharpshooter in the rigging of William Penn ' s ship . His death was kept secret to keep up the morale of the Dutch , but by late afternoon , twelve of their ships had either been sunk or captured and many were too heavily damaged to continue the fight . In the end , morale broke and a large group of vessels under the command of merchant captains fled to the north . De With tried to halt their flight , but had to limit himself to covering the retreat to the island of Texel . However , the English fleet , also heavily damaged and with many wounded in urgent need of treatment , had to return to port to refit and were unable to maintain the blockade . Aftermath . Both sides claimed a victory : the English because of their tactical superiority , the Dutch because the strategic goal of their attack , the lifting of the blockade , had been achieved . However , Tromp ' s death was a severe blow to the Dutch – few now expected to beat the English ; the Orangist faction lost political influence and Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt was willing to give formal treaty assurances to Cromwell that the infant William III of Orange would never become stadtholder , thus turning the Netherlands into a base for a Stuart restoration . Peace negotiations began in earnest , leading to the 1654 Treaty of Westminster . The damage done to the Dutch fleet effectively ended the first war . The Dutch capitulated to several English demands .
Thomas T . Matteson Rear Admiral Thomas T . Matteson was appointed Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy in the summer of 1993 and served in that position until his retirement in August 1998 . Life and career . Matteson is a native of Upper Sandusky , Ohio , and graduated from the Coast Guard Academy in 1957 . His first Coast Guard assignment was on the Cutter Castle Rock and subsequent assignments included postings at Coast Guard air stations in Miami , Port Angeles , Washington , and Puerto Rico , before being named chief of staff for the Eighth Coast Guard District , New Orleans . Matteson received a masters in management science from the Naval Postgraduate School and graduated from the Air War College in 1977 . He was awarded the Legion of Merit , the Meritorious Service Medal , and the NAACP ' s Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award . Matteson had served as superintendent of the U . S . Coast Guard Academy since June 1989 prior to taking over as superintendent of the Merchant Marine Academy .
Short Seaford The Short S . 45 Seaford was a 1940s flying boat , designed as a long range maritime patrol bomber for RAF Coastal Command . It was developed from the Short S . 25 Sunderland , and initially ordered as " Sunderland Mark IV " . Background . In 1942 , the Air Ministry issued Specification R . 8 / 42 for a replacement of the Sunderland , as a long range patrol bomber for service in the Pacific Ocean . It required more powerful engines , better defensive armament , and other enhancements . Design and development . The Sunderland Mark IV used major structural elements of the Sunderland Mark III , with a fuselage stretch of 3 ft ahead of the wing , an extended and redesigned planing bottom , the same wing with thicker Duralumin skinning , and Bristol Hercules engines . Further structural changes were made after initial flight tests . The planned armament consisted of two fixed forward - firing . 303 inch ( 7 . 7 mm ) Browning machine guns in the nose , a Brockhouse nose turret with twin . 50 in ( 12 . 7 mm ) machine guns , twin 20 mm Hispano cannon mounted in a Bristol B . 17 dorsal turret , twin . 50 in ( 12 . 7 mm ) guns in a Glenn - Martin tail turret , and another . 50 in ( 12 . 7 mm ) machine gun in a hand - held position on each side of the fuselage . The turrets were all electrically powered . Two prototypes and thirty production aircraft were ordered as the Sunderland Mark IV . Operational history . On 30 August 1944 , the prototype ( MZ269 ) first flew from the River Medway at Rochester . The increased engine power caused aerodynamic stability problems , and a new fin was designed with greater height with forward dorsal extension , plus a new tailplane with increased span and area . Changes were so extensive , that the new aircraft was given the name Seaford . Thirty production aircraft were ordered , but the first of these flew in April 1945 , well after the introduction of the Sunderland Mark V , and too late to see combat in Europe . The prototypes were powered by Hercules XVII engines of 1 , 680 hp ( 1 , 253 kW ) , but production aircraft used 1 , 720 hp ( 1 , 283 kW ) Hercules XIX engines . The planned Glenn Martin tail turrets were never installed . Eight production Seafords were completed ; the first ( NJ200 ) was used for trials at MAEE Felixstowe . The second production Seaford ( NJ201 ) was evaluated by RAF Transport Command , then in December 1945 it was loaned without armament to BOAC as G - AGWU , then returned to MAEE as NJ201 in February 1946 . In April 1946 , the other six production Seafords were delivered to No . 201 Squadron RAF for brief operational trials . In 1948 , those six aircraft were modified as civilian airliners at Belfast , then leased to BOAC with the designation Solent 3 . Survivor . Short S . 45 Seaford NJ203 displayed at Western Aerospace Museum , Oakland , California . " Short Solent "
Udav - 1 anti - submarine system The UDAV - 1 system is a Russia n ship - borne Anti - submarine weapon system . The weapon fires a number of different types of rockets , which in addition to attacking submarines provide a multi - layer defence against torpedo es and frogmen . The system operates in conjunction with the ship ' s sonar . The system consists of :
Association of the United States Army The Association of the United States Army ( AUSA ) is a private , non - profit organization that acts primarily as an advocacy group for the United States Army . Founded in 1950 , it has 125 chapters worldwide . Membership is open to everyone , not just Army personnel , nor is membership mandatory for soldiers . The organization publishes " ARMY Magazine " and the " Green Book " , and runs the Institute for Land Warfare . The current president is retired Army General Gordon R . Sullivan . Mission . AUSA ' s official mission is threefold : Membership . Membership in AUSA is open to several categories , including current and retired Army and reserve component soldiers , cadets , government civilians , Army family members , and concerned citizens . Other membership categories include corporate and sustaining ( for defense industry businesses ) . Membership in AUSA includes a subscription to " ARMY Magazine " received monthly , including the " Green Book " , which is published in October of each year . The " Green Book " is an almanac of articles from Army leadership and reference information about America ' s Army worldwide . Members also receive " AUSA News " on a monthly basis , which features relevant news about Army topics and AUSA reports on the organization ' s support of the Army . Chapters . AUSA has 125 chapters worldwide , which develop programs and activities that provide community support for the US Army through individual and corporate members . Chapters serve as the liaison between the Army and local civilian communities . They also help educate the public about the needs for a strong national defense and the Army . Chapters are involved in a variety of programs to help support deployed and mobilized soldiers and their families . Typical chapter activities include general membership meetings with high profile guest speakers , community involvement events and special events honoring the Army and outstanding soldiers .
Battle of Sauce ( 1816 ) The Battle of Sauce of 1816 was a battle between the Portuguese forces under Pinto de Araújo Correia in Arroyo Oriental , modern - day Uruguay . The engagement resulted of the encounter between the Portuguese forces that had previously defeated the men of Fructuoso Rivera . The Uruguayans , led by Artiguist commander Pedro Gutierrez , attack by surprise and caused the Portuguese to retreat , leaving 150 dead soldiers of the battlefield .
Aubrey Buxton , Baron Buxton of Alsa Major Aubrey Leland Oakes Buxton , Baron Buxton of Alsa KCVO , MC , DL ( 15 July 1918 – 1 September 2009 ) was a British soldier , politician , television executive and writer . Biography . Early life . He was born on July 15 , 1918 . His father was Leland William Wilberforce Buxton and his mother , Ada Mary Oakes . He was educated at Ampleforth College in Yorkshire and graduated from Trinity College , Cambridge . He served in the Royal Artillery in the Second World War and was decorated with the Military Cross in 1943 . Career . From 1958 to 1988 , he was a Director of Anglia Television . He was best known for creating the nature documentary series Survival which ran for four decades . Philanthropy . In 1961 he was one of the co - founders of the World Wildlife Fund . As well as the WWF , he was involved with the Natural History Museum , the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust and the London Zoological Society . In 1964 , he was Extra Equerry to Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh and in 1972 High Sheriff of Essex . He became Deputy Lieutenant of Essex in 1975 and held this office until 1985 . Peerage . On 11 May 1978 , he was created a life peer as Baron Buxton of Alsa , of Stiffkey in the County of Norfolk . In 1996 , Buxton , was invested as a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order . Personal life . He was married twice : firstly to Pamela Mary Birkin , daughter of Sir Henry Birkin , 3rd Baronet , on 14 November 1946 ; and secondly ( having been widowed in 1983 ) to Kathleen Peterson on 16 July 1988 . His first marriage produced six children , one of whom , Cindy Buxton , is a noted filmmaker . He died on 1 September 2009 , aged 91 , from undisclosed causes .
Sir Eric Errington , 1st Baronet Sir Eric Errington , 1st Baronet ( 17 March 1900 – 3 June 1973 ) was a British barrister and Conservative Party politician . He was a Member of Parliament ( MP ) from 1935 to 1945 , and from 1954 to 1970 . Early life . Errington ( original surname Smith ) was born on 17 March 1900 in Glasgow , Scotland , and was educated at Mill Hill School , Liverpool College and Trinity College , Oxford University . During the First World War he served in the Gordon Highlanders in 1918 . He was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1923 . Politics . In the 1929 general election , Errington was an unsuccessful candidate in Hanley for the Conservative Party . He fought Liverpool Scotland in the 1931 general election , becoming one of the few Conservative candidates to be defeated in the election . He was elected to Liverpool City Council in 1934 . Having served his ' apprenticeship ' in unfavourable seats , Errington had an opportunity in a winnable seat in the 1935 general election . He managed to win Bootle , and sat in Parliament for ten years . During the Second World War he enlisted in the Royal Air Force and served from 1939 to 1945 . In the Labour landslide 1945 general election , however , Errington lost his seat . Out of Parliament Errington remained involved in Conservative politics and was made Chairman of the North Western Area of the National Union in 1946 ( a position he held until 1951 ) . In 1948 he became a Justice of the Peace in Liverpool , an appointment facilitated by political party membership . In 1952 he became Chairman of the Executive Committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations . He was knight ed in 1952 . Abandoning Liverpool , Errington became MP for Aldershot in Hampshire in an October 1954 byelection . He held the safe seat until he retired in 1970 . He was involved in business and was President of the National Federation of Property Owners from 1956 to 1959 , and of the Hire Purchase Trade Association in 1965 . From 1961 , Errington ' s seniority in Parliament brought him the Chairmanship of the Estimates Sub - Committee on Home Affairs . He was also President of the Wessex Provincial Area of the National Union from 1962 to 1965 . In 1963 he was made a baronet . He died on Anglesey aged 73 .
84th Bombardment Squadron The 84th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 47th Bombardment Wing , stationed at RAF Sculthorpe , England . It was inactivated on 22 June 1962 . History . Antisubmarine patrols , Dec 1941 - Jan 1942 . Combat in MTO , 22 Jan 1943 - 30 Apr 1945 . Cold War NATO tactical bombardment squadron . See 47th Operations Group for extended history .
USCGC Spencer ( WPG - 36 ) USCGC " Spencer " ( WPG - 36 ) was a Treasury - class cutter of the United States Coast Guard that served during World War II . Early career and World War II . Commissioned in 1937 , she was first used as a search and rescue unit off Alaska ' s fishing grounds . When the United States entered World War II the Coast Guard temporarily became part of the United States Navy . " Spencer " saw service in the Pacific War . During the Battle of Atlantic she acted as a convoy escort , hunting German U - boat s , and was responsible for sinking " U - 175 " in 1943 . Convoys escorted . " Spencer " was assigned to the US Navy ' s Seventh Fleet , in the Pacific in late 1944 , where she served as a Communications Command Ship . There she was credited with taking part in numerous amphibious assaults including Luzon and Palawan in the Philippines Campaign . Post - war career . After the war " Spencer " returned to her Coast Guard duties , serving in the Atlantic Ocean . Here she provided navigational assistance for the fledgling Trans - Atlantic air industry and acted as a search and rescue platform both ships and aeroplanes . She returned to combat duty off the Vietnam coast in January 1969 . For ten months she carried out surveillance to prevent troops and supplies from getting into South Vietnam . " Spencer " returned to the United States in November 1969 and continued her peace - time mission of ocean station keeping . The " Spencer " served for over 37 years and when decommissioned in 1974 she was the most decorated cutter in the Coast Guard ' s fleet . Her last voyage was from New York City to the United States Coast Guard Yard , Curtis Bay on 15 January 1974 . Onboard her for this voyage were 24 of her World War II crew . She was decommissioned on 23 January 1974 . She served as an engineering training ship with students using her steam propulsion plant until 15 December 1980 . She was then sold to the North American Smelting Company and scrapped .
Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country This article shows various estimates of the nuclear weapons stockpiles of various countries at various points in time . This article also shows the number of nuclear weapons tests conducted by each country at various points in time . Nuclear weapons stockpiles . The United States nuclear stockpile increased almost exponentially between 1945 and 1965 , but then began declining after peaking in 1966 . In 2012 , the United States had several times fewer nuclear weapons than it had in 1966 . The Soviet Union joined the nuclear club in 1949 and had its nuclear stockpile increase very rapidly until 1986 , when it peaked under Mikhail Gorbachev . After the decrease of Cold War tensions and eventually the end of the Cold War , the Soviet and Russian nuclear stockpile decreased by over 80 % between 1986 and 2012 . The U . S . and Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles are projected to continue decreasing over the next decade . The United Kingdom joined the nuclear club in 1952 while France joined it in 1960 . The British and French nuclear stockpiles peaked at about 500 nuclear weapons in 1981 and 1992 , respectively . China joined the nuclear club in 1964 while its nuclear stockpile increased until the early 1980s , when it stabilized . India joined the nuclear club in 1974 , while Pakistan joined the nuclear club in the 1980s . Both India and Pakistan currently have around one hundred nuclear weapons . Pakistan ' s nuclear stockpile has been increasing at a very fast rate , and it is speculated that Pakistan might have more nuclear weapons than the United Kingdom within a decade . South Africa successfully built six nuclear weapons in the 1980s , but dismantled all of them by the end of the 1990s after the end of apartheid . Israel joined the nuclear club in 1967 , while North Korea joined the nuclear club in 2006 or before . Without negotiations and " other proper measures " , North Korea could increase its current nuclear weapons stockpile by several times by 2016 . A United States Defense Intelligence Agency report from 1999 projected that both Iran and Iraq will join the nuclear club and have 10 - 20 nuclear weapons in 2020 . However , it is worth pointing out that this report was written before the overthrow of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein and before info indicating that Iraq already gave up its nuclear weapons program by 1999 was released . Even before the United States of America started the nuclear club in 1945 , some countries ( most notably Nazi Germany ) unsuccessfully attempted to build nuclear weapons . Nuclear weapon tests . From the first nuclear test in 1945 , worldwide nuclear testing increased rapidly until the 1970s , when it peaked . However , there was still a large amount of worldwide nuclear testing until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s . Afterwards , the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty was signed and ratified by the major nuclear weapons powers , and the number of worldwide nuclear tests decreased rapidly . India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in 1998 , but afterwards only North Korea conducted nuclear tests — in 2006 , 2009 , and 2013 .
Battle of Cannae ( 1018 ) The second Battle of Cannae took place in 1018 between the Byzantines under the Catepan of Italy Basil Boioannes and the Lombards under Melus of Bari . The Lombards had also hired some Norman mercenaries under their leader Gilbert Buatère , while Boioannes had a detachment of elite Varangian Guard sent to him at his request to combat the Normans . The battle was fought on the same spot where Hannibal of Carthage had destroyed the Roman army in 216 BC . The battle was disastrous for the Lombards , who were routed . Melus of Bari managed to escape to the Papal States and eventually to the court of Holy Roman Emperor Henry II at Bamberg . The Normans lost their leader , Gilbert Buatère , and most of their group . However , what remained of this group of Normans was the first of many to go to southern Italy . By the end of the 11th century , most of southern Italy was under Norman control .
793d Radar Squadron The 793d Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 30th Air Division , Aerospace Defense Command , stationed at Hutchinson Air Force Station , Kansas . It was inactivated on 8 September 1968 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Lineage . Assignments . Stations
Gerhard Bruchmann Gerhard Bruchmann ( 26 September 1918 – 31 October 1998 ) was a highly decorated Feldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .