naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tupolev ANT - 9 The Tupolev ANT - 9 ( Russian : " Туполев АНТ - 9 " ) was a Soviet passenger aircraft of the 1930s . It was developed as a reaction to the demand for a domestic airliner . At this time Deruluft , one of the forerunners of Aeroflot , only flew with foreign models , which were mainly German or Dutch . Design work began in December 1927 . The first prototype , named " Krylia Sovietov ( wing of the Soviets ) " used three French Gnome - Rhone Titan radial engines . It was presented to the public on 1 May 1929 at Red Square and it went to the national flight testing , which was completed in June . In the first series 12 aircraft were built . Two of these airplanes were used with Deruluft starting from 1933 on the Berlin - Moscow service . Mikhail Gromow accomplished a European round flight on the route Moscow – Travemünde – Berlin – Paris – Rome – Marseille – London – Paris – Berlin – Warsaw – Moscow with the Krylia Sovietov , which lasted from 10 July to 8 August 1929 and generated considerable publicity . It carried eight passengers over a distance of 9 . 037 km ( 5 . 615 mi ) , in 53 flying hours with an average speed of 177 km / h ( 110 mph ) . In September 1930 testing was finally completed , and series production was continued with only two M - 17 - engines of Soviet design , which provided for a higher topspeed . The official name for this model was PS - 9 ( " пассажирский самолёт " , passazhirskij samoljot = passenger airplane ) . The number of built aircraft amounted to about 70 machines . Up to the beginning of the German invasion of the Soviet Union they served as passenger or staff airplanes mainly on routes in Central Asia and the Caucasus . Afterwards they were used until 1943 as transportation and medical airplanes .
Netherlands Indian roepiah The Netherlands Indian roepiah was the currency issued by the Japan ese occupiers in the Netherlands Indies between 1944 and 1945 . It was subdivided into 100 sen and replaced the gulden at par . Note : since " oe " in Dutch is pronounced as " u " in English , the currency ' s name should be pronounced as if it were written " rupiah " .
2 / 2nd Machine Gun Battalion ( Australia ) The 2 / 2nd Machine Gun Battalion was formed on 2 May 1940 as part of the 7th Division and served in Egypt before becoming part of the 9th Division and serving in Syria , Egypt , Papua New Guinea and Borneo . The battalion was disbanded on 26 January 1946 .
Amago Okihisa He received Enya of east Izumo Province and used Mount Yōgai ( 要害山 ) for his castle . Like his elder brother Kunihisa , he was skilled in warfares . Not satisfied with the size of his domain , he demanded another 700 " Kan " in addition to 3000 Kan he already owned . He raised a revolt against Tsunehisa in 1532 suspecting Kamei Hidetsuna , the chief advisor to Tsunehisa had been plotting against him . The Amago clan split into two and Kamei Toshitsuna , Hidetsuna ' s younger brother died fighting for Okihisa . He was driven out of Enya and escaped . In 1534 , he committed seppuku realizing that he would never be able to return to the clan .
XVI Corps ( Ottoman Empire ) The XVI Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " 16 ncı Kolordu " or " On Altıncı Kolordu " ) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army . It was formed during World War I . Formations . Order of Battle , August 1916 , December 1916 . In August 1916 , December 1916 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , August 1917 . In August 1917 , the corps was structured as follows :
Type 63 anti - aircraft gun The Type 63 is a North Vietnamese self - propelled anti - aircraft gun based on the Type 58 medium tank ( itself a Chinese copy of the Soviet T - 34 / 85 ) . Description . The Type 63 retains the hull from the Type 58 but the turret was replaced by an open - top box turret armed with twin Type 63 37mm anti - aircraft guns . The guns were loaded manually with 5 - round clips . While the Type 63 was on par with contemporary anti - aircraft systems , such as the M42 Duster , due to the lack of hydraulic elevation systems , the guns had to be elevated manually . Because of this , the Type 63 was ineffective against fast moving , low flying aircraft . Nevertheless , due to its rate of fire , it was found to be an effective ground support weapon . Service history . The Vietnam People ' s Army ( VPA ) , made little use of the Type 63 , only having a small number available . Even with its faults it remained in service with the NVA as well as the PLA until the late 1980s . At least one was captured by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam during the 1972 Easter Offensive .
Battles of the Mexican – American War < onlyinclude > The battles of the Mexican – American War include all major engagements and most reported skirmishes , including Thornton ' s Defeat , the Battle of Palo Alto , and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma , which took place prior to the official start of hostilities . < / onlyinclude > Background . The Mexican – American War lasted from 1846 until 1848 . It grew out of unresolved border disputes between the Republic of Texas and Mexico after the United States annexed Texas nine years after the Texas Revolution . It ended in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in which Mexico sold a vast tract of land that amounted to over half its national territory to the United States . List of battles . < onlyinclude > 1846 . < / includeonly > < / onlyinclude >
20th Brigade ( Australia ) The 20th Brigade was a brigade - sized infantry unit of the Australian Army . The brigade was raised for service during the World War II on 7 May 1940 as part of the 7th Division . The brigade was transferred to the 9th Division in 1941 . It was disbanded in 1946 .
697th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron The 697th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector , Aerospace Defense Command , stationed at Pyote Air Force Station , Texas . It was inactivated on 1 August 1963 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States .
Second Siege of Diu The Second Siege of Diu was a siege of the Portuguese Indian city of Diu by the Gujarat Sultanate in 1546 . It ended with a major Portuguese victory . Background . At the beginning of 1500s , the Muslim Sultanate of Gujarat was the principal seapower in India . Gujarat fought the Portuguese fleets in collaboration with the Mamluk s . The Portuguese were defeated by a combined Mamluk - Gujarati fleet in 1508 , which was in turn destroyed by a Portuguese fleet in the Battle of Diu ( 1509 ) . By 1536 , the Portuguese had gained complete control of Diu , while Gujarat was under attack from the Mughals . In 1538 , the Ottomans , who had taken over Egypt ( 1517 ) and Aden ( 1538 ) , joined hands with the Gujarat Sultanate to launch an anti - Portuguese offensive . They besieged Diu in 1538 , but had to retreat . The siege . After the failed siege of 1538 , the Gujarati General Khadjar Safar besieged Diu again in an attempt to recapture the island . The siege lasted seven months from 20 April 1546 to 11 November 1546 , during which João de Mascarenhas defended Diu . The siege ended when a Portuguese fleet under Viceroy João de Castro arrived and routed the attackers . Khadjar Safar and his son Muharram Rumi Khan ( who were probably of Albanian origin ) were both killed during the siege .
Battle of Chlumec ( 1126 ) The Second Battle of Chlumec was the culmination of the war of succession to the Duchy of Bohemia . It occurred on 18 February 1126 in the vicinity of the village of Chlumec ( German : " Kulm " ) near Chabařovice on the southern side of the Erzgebirge . Soběslav I , Duke of Bohemia ( of the House of Přemysl ) sought to succeed his brother Vladislav I upon the latter ' s death in 1125 . Otto II , Duke of Moravia also wanted the duchy and requested assistance from Lothar III , the Holy Roman Emperor . Lothar marched to Bohemia with his army in 1126 , and met Sobeslav ' s army either near Chlumec or in the vicinity of Lotarův vrch near Jílové . The exact location of the battle is not known . Otto fell in action , and Lothar was captured . Soběslav won a convincing victory , and released his captive on the condition of his investiture . Sources . " This page is a translation from the German Wikipedia article of the same name . "
Camel archer Camel archers are marksmen wielding bows mounted on camels . They took their popularity in the Crusades , used in Arabia , Asian and Eurasian countries . Saladin , the leader of Arabia from 1174 to 1193 , was known , or rather believed to use camels as a substitute for other ways of transport , such as the more common horse . Also , Darius III of Persia who ruled from 336 BC to 330 BC was known to counter Alexander the Great ' s attacks with camel mounted warriors . Although camel archers can be looked into deeply enough , many regions of the world who did have access to camels preferred to use the generally swifter and stronger horse archer .
ALAC ( Arma Leve Anticarro ) ALAC is a Brazilian light anti - tank weapon . It has a disposable launch tube designed to destroy or disable armored vehicle s . Light Antitank Weapon is 84 mm single use , disposable shot , designed to combat anti - tank and an approximate maximum range of use of 500 meters . The shooting is done with the gun resting on the shooter ' s shoulder and its working principle is the recoilless cannon . It consists of a launcher tube pre - loaded with ammunition EACA , firing mechanisms , iron sights and safety .
Aghione Airfield Aghione Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in France , which was located approximately 27 km southeast of Corte on Corsica . It was an all - weather temporary field built by the XII Engineer Command using Pierced Steel Planking for runways and parking areas , as well as for dispersal sites . In addition , tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . The airfield was primarily used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 52d Fighter Group between 29 April and 19 May 1944 , flying combat operations with P - 40 Warhawk s . Also , the 1st Fighter Group deployed sixty P - 38 Lightning s of the 94th Fighter Squadron to Aghione providing air support for the Allied invasion of Southern France between 10 and 21 August 1944 . In addition , the airfield was used by Fifteenth Air Force 306th Fighter Wing , which deployed P - 51 Mustang s to the base from several groups to support the landings in Southern France . After Operation Dragoon , the airfield was closed and dismantled . Today , there are traces of the airfield remaining on the landscape visible from aerial photography , but no buildings or physical features remain .
USS LST - 371 USS " LST - 371 " was a of the United States Navy . She was laid down at Bethlehem Steel Co . , Quincy , Massachusetts on 29 October 1942 and launched on 12 December 1942 . The ship and crew went from Quincy to New York City , New York for final outfitting . On 1 May 1943 they left New York for Tunis , Tunisia , on the North Africa n coast , arriving there on 27 May 1943 . While in North Africa " LST - 371 " was based at La Goulette Bay . Wartime career . " LST - 371 " participated in Operation Husky , the invasion of Sicily , on 10 July 1943 , landing troops of the First Division at Gela . During Operation Avalanche , the ship arrived at Salerno on 9 September 1943 and landed British troops early on the morning of 10 September 1943 . On 22 November 1943 , " LST - 371 " departed Oran , Algeria loaded with a LCT to convoy from Gibraltar to the British Isles . They arrived at Plymouth , England on 5 December 1944 . For the rest of the winter and spring they prepared for Operation Overlord , the invasion of Normandy , France . The ship departed her home port of Dartmouth , England on the night of 5 June 1944 and arrived at Normandy on 6 June 1944 . They unloaded on Rhino Ferries and LCTs on 7 June 1944 . During the next several months they made numerous trips between Normandy , Portland , and Southampton . " LST - 371 " was decommissioned from the U . S . Navy and transferred to the Royal Navy on 17 November 1944 . On 16 March 1946 the ship was transferred back to the U . S . Navy and on 5 December 1947 she was sold to Bosey , Philippines . " LST - 371 " earned three battle stars for World War II service
Erich Löwe Erich Löwe ( 24 September 1906 – 23 December 1943 ) was an Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Erich Löwe was killed on 23 December 1943 in Losovka , Russia . He was posthumously promoted to Oberstleutnant and awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross .
Schalburg Cross The Schalburg Cross ( Danish : Schalburgkors , German : Schalburgkreuz ) was a decoration awarded to officer s , NCO s and enlisted men in the Danish Schalburg Corps during World War II . History . The date the Schalburg Cross was instituted is unknown . It could be later than 1943 , otherwise picture ( s ) of them being worn would have surfaced . It was named after Christian Frederik von Schalburg , commander of the Frikorps Danmark who was killed in combat operations in the Demyansk Pocket in 1942 . The cross was manufactured by the Danish firm Heimbürger in Copenhagen . The cross was awarded to Schalburg Corps members for recognition of service against the Danish resistance movement and for those serving or killed in action in the Eastern Front . It has been recorded once that a cross was awarded to a Schalburg Corps member killed in action probably from the resistance . The Schalburg Cross was supposed to be worn on the left breast pocket of their uniform . According to military historians lots of the unissued crosses were found by the resistance in the Schalburg corps HQ during the liberation in May 1945 and kept as souvenirs - stories go around that they were thrown from the resistance movements lorries to the crowds in the streets of Copenhagen in May 1945 after the liberation . Classes . There were two classes issued one for officers and NCOs and the other for enlisted . Both crosses were die struck and measure 50mm x 50mm . Enlisted men wore a cross painted in off - white color with golden outer edges . The cross has a medallion in the center , which is soldered to the cross . The medallion has the golden inscription " Our Honour is Loyalty " ( Danish : " Troskab Vor Ære " ) and golden oak leaves below . In the inner ring is a white mobile swastika with an opaque red paint in the background . The officers cross has the same colors but was made of enameled with the cross being white . The red paint in the medallion was substituted by opaque red enameled and the oak leaves are gilded . The reverse on both crosses is flat with a semi scoop shape in the center and a single long golden pin attached on the top of the cross . On the enamelled badges about 5 to 6 decorations are known in Denmark .
98th Civil Affairs Battalion The 98th Civil Affairs Battalion ( Airborne ) is a civil affairs battalion of the 95th Civil Affairs Brigade ( Airborne ) , based at Fort Bragg , North Carolina , and part of the United States Army Special Operations Command . The battalion was activated on 16 March 2008 at Fort Bragg and was assigned to the 95th Civil Affairs Brigade ( Airborne ) . As of March 2008 , soldiers of the 98th Civil Affairs Battalion participated in Operation Iraqi Freedom and other operations in Africa . Other 98th Civil Affairs Battalion soldiers were expected to deploy in support of the Global War on Terror later in 2008 . Organization . The 98th Civil Affairs Battalion is directly subordinate to the 95th Civil Affairs Brigade , based at Fort Bragg . The unit is currently focused to support operations within the US Southern Command ( SOUTHCOM ) area of responsibility . History . Origins . The 98th Civil Affairs Battalion was constituted on 25 August 1945 in the Army of the United States as the 98th Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , Military Government Group and activated the next day at the Presidio of Monterey , California . The unit was deployed to Korea to assist with its occupation at the end of World War II and was officially inactivated on 25 January 1949 in Korea . The unit was consolidated on 31 December 1989 with Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 3rd Civil Affairs Group . 3rd Civil Affairs Group had been first constituted on 1 December 1967 in the Regular Army as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment , 3rd Civil Affairs Group and activated on 1 October 1968 in the Panama Canal zone . It was inactivated there on 31 December 1974 . The consolidated unit was re - designated as the 98th Civil Affairs Group and concurrently allotted to the Regular Army . Still inactive , the unit was renamed on 16 September 1992 as the 98th Civil Affairs Battalion .
Battle of Havana ( 1870 ) The Battle of Havana on 9 November 1870 was a single ship action between the German gunboat " Meteor " and the French aviso " Bouvet " off the coast of Havana , Cuba during the Franco - Prussian War . At 8 a . m . on November 7 the " Meteor " arrived in Havana harbour after leaving Nassau some days before . An hour later the French aviso " Bouvet " arrived from Martinique , steaming in from the opposite direction . The next day the French mail steamer " Nouveau Monde " left the harbour for Veracruz but was forced to return a few hours later due to fears that she would be captured by the Prussian gunboat . Later that day the " Meteor " ' s captain , issued a formal challenge to the captain of the " Bouvet " to fight a battle the next day . The " Bouvet " accepted and steamed out of the harbour to wait for the " Meteor " . The " Meteor " had to wait 24 hours before it could meet the French vessel due to neutrality laws , since Spain was a neutral country during the conflict . Upon the end of the 24 hour waiting period , the " Meteor " steamed out to meet the " Bouvet " which had been waiting 10 miles off the border of the Cuban territorial sea . As soon as " Meteor " had passed the border line , " Bouvet " opened fire on the German gunboat . The battle came to an inconclusive end when the " Bouvet " , which had closed the range in an attempt to board the " Meteor " , suffered damage to a steam pipe which knocked out her propulsion and was forced to retreat into neutral waters under sail , whereupon she came under the protection of Spain once again . Neither ship was permanently disabled , mostly suffering damage to masts and rigging ( the " Bouvet " ' s boilers and machinery remaining intact and functioning ) and very few killed and injured on either side . The battle was not considered significant by commentators of the day .
3rd Motor Rifle Division The Soviet Army ' s 3rd Rifle Division was an infantry division active from 1921 to 1946 and from 1955 to 1956 . It was formed 5 June 1921 in the Ukraine Military District . It appears that Order No . № 724 / 284 created the division from the 3rd and 46th Separate Rifle Brigades . At the beginning of World War II it located in Blagoveshchensk and was not redeployed to fight the Germans . At the very end of World War II it was involved in the Sungari Army Group Operation with 2nd Red Banner Army . It forced the Amur and Ussuri rivers , and captured several cities in China from the Japanese Kwantung Army . Immediate post war the Division was in 1st Red Banner Army , Transbaikal - Amur VO , 136th Rifle Corps , alongside 12 RD , 396 RD and 101st Fortified Region / MGAD . It was disbanded between 20 . 6 . 46 and 30 . 8 . 46 . The Division ' s full name just before being disbanded was " 3rd Rifle Red Banner Division of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Crimean ASSR . " Crofoot , " Armies of the Bear " , states that 3 MRD was reformed 1955 in the Moscow Military District from 413 RD , taking its honours - ' Brest ' and awards from 413 RD . ' However like all the divisions formed in 1955 it didn ' t last and was disbanded in 1956 . ' 3rd MRD reformed as 3rd ' Vislenskaya Red Banner Order of Suvorov i Kutuzova ' Motor Rifle Division by amalgamation of 31st and 47th Tank Divisions at Novyy in the Moscow Military District on 1 July 1997 gaining the honours of the 31st Tank Division . The Division was in 2004 under the command of General Major Aleksandr Konnov . Elements of the division , notably the two motor rifle regiments , participated in the First Chechen War and Second Chechen War . Warfare . ru notes that 3 MRD was unit number 54046 , and had constant readiness status . In 2000 the division had 10850 personnel , 244 T - 80 tanks , 361 BMP / BTR , 36 2S19 Msta - S , 96 2s3 Akatsia , and 16 Grad multiple rocket launchers . It consisted of the 100th and 237th Tank Regiments , and the 245th and 752nd Motor Rifle Regiments , as well as the 99th Self - Propelled Artillery Regiment . In March 2009 the division was disbanded and reorganised as the 6th Separate Tank Brigade and the 9th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade . The post - Soviet 3rd MRD should not to be confused with 3rd Guards Motor Rifle Division , active during the Cold War .
Washington C . Whitthorne Washington Curran Whitthorne ( April 19 , 1825September 21 , 1891 ) was a Tennessee attorney , Democratic politician , and an Adjutant General in the Confederate Army . Early life and career . Whitthorne was born near Petersburg , Tennessee in Marshall County . One day when Whitthorne was young James K . Polk stayed at his family ' s home . Polk saw how bright he was and asked , " What are you going to make of this boy ? " His father replied " I am going to make him the President of the United States . " Polk then told them to send the boy to Columbia and he would make him a lawyer . He attended Campbell Academy in Lebanon , Tennessee and subsequently East Tennessee College ( now the University of Tennessee ) where he graduated in 1843 . He subsequently studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1845 , serving in various governmental positions , and working for James K . Polk until he entered private practice in 1848 in Columbia , Tennessee . On July 4 , 1848 Whitthorne married Matilda Jane Campbell , a cousin of Polk . He was elected to serve in the Tennessee State Senate from 1855 to 1858 . Whitthorne was then elected Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1859 to 1861 . Civil War service . In 1861 he became Adjutant General of Tennessee for the Confederacy , and served in that post through the end of the Civil War . He also served on the staff of generals Robert Anderson , Marcus Joseph Wright , Samuel P . Carter , and William J . Hardee . Postbellum career . After Lee had surrendered at Appomattox , Whitthorne was held as prisoner of war at Columbia in order to be shielded from Federal prosecution . President Andrew Johnson interceded , gave him a Presidential pardon , and restored his civil rights . In 1870 , Whitthorne began a campaign for the United States House of Representatives . He won the election and would eventually serve six consecutive terms during his initial service in the House of Representatives , chairing the House Committee on Naval Affairs from 1875 to 1881 . Upon the resignation of Senator Howell E . Jackson , Whitthorne was appointed to the U . S . Senate by governor of Tennessee William B . Bate and then subsequently elected to the balance of the term by the Tennessee General Assembly , serving in the Senate from April 16 , 1886 to March 4 , 1887 . Following his Senate service he served two more subsequent consecutive terms in the United States House of Representatives , from 1887 to 1891 . After serving in the House of Representatives Whitthorne returned to Columbia and died there later in 1891 , being interred at Rose Hill Cemetery . Whitthorne Middle School in Columbia , formerly Whitthorne Junior High School , is named in his honor .