naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Aizu The Battle of Aizu ( Japanese : 会津戦争 , lit . " War of Aizu " ) was fought in northern Japan in autumn 1868 , and was part of the Boshin War . Aizu was known for its martial skill , and maintained at any given time , a standing army of over 5000 . It was often deployed to security operations on the northern fringes of the country , as far north as southern Sakhalin . Also , in the period immediately before , during , and after Commodore Perry ' s arrival , Aizu had a presence in security operations around Edo Bay . During the tenure of the 9th generation lord Matsudaira Katamori , the domain deployed massive amounts of their troops to Kyoto , where Katamori served as Kyoto Shugoshoku . Earning the hatred of the Chōshū domain , and alienating his ally , the Satsuma domain , Katamori retreated with the shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu in 1868 . Though the Satsuma - Chōshū controlled Imperial Court , following Yoshinobu ' s resignation , called for the punishment of Katamori and Aizu as " enemies of the Court , " he took great pains to beg for mercy , finally acquiescing to calls for war later in 1868 , during the Boshin War . Though the Aizu forces fought as part of the greater efforts of the Ouetsu Reppan Domei , they were eventually abandoned ( after the loss at the Battle of Bonari Pass ) by the forces of the former Bakufu under Otori Keisuke . Aizu , now fighting alone , had its forces besieged at Tsuruga Castle , the seat of the Aizu domain , in October 1868 . This was the start of a month - long siege . A detached unit from the Byakkotai ( " White Tiger Company " ) — young , predominantly teenage , samurai — are famous for having committed seppuku ( a form of ritual suicide ) on Mount Iimori , overlooking the castle . Because of the smoke from the burning castle town , which was in between them and the castle itself , they mistakenly assumed that the castle had fallen . Their story is known because of the only one among them whose suicide was unsuccessful : Iinuma Sadakichi . A remnant of Shinsengumi , a unit which Aizu had supervised while in Kyoto , was present at the battle , under the command of Saitō Hajime . After a month of siege , Aizu officials agreed to surrender , through the mediation of their neighbor , the Yonezawa Domain . Soon after , Matsudaira Katamori , his son Nobunori , and the senior retainers came before the imperial commanders in person , and offered their unconditional surrender . The samurai population was sent away to prisoner of war camps , and the Aizu domain , as it had been since the mid - 17th century , ceased to exist .
Walter Pitsch Walter Pitsch ( 13 July 1920 – 29 July 2005 ) was a Hauptscharführer in the Waffen SS who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 6 May 1945 , he was the last member of the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and the only member of the Division ' s Anti Aircraft battalion to be given the award . At the time of his award Pitsch was the commander of the 4th Battery , 1st SS Anti Aircraft Battalion , " LSSAH " .
William Halford William Halford ( August 18 , 1841 – February 7 , 1919 ) was a sailor , and later an officer , in the United States Navy . He also received the Medal of Honor . Biography . Born in England , Halford enlisted in the United States Navy in 1869 . He was serving on board , when she ran aground near Midway Atoll on October 29 , 1870 . Halford was one of four sailors who volunteered to sail the ship ' s boat 1 , 500 miles to Honolulu for help , along with Lieutenant John G . Talbot . After great suffering , and 31 days at sea , the party reached Kauai Island December 19 , 1870 . In attempting to land through the heavy surf , all but Halford were drowned , but he managed to reach shore and bring help to his shipmates . Halford received the Medal of Honor for his bravery and served until 1910 , when he retired . Promoted to Lieutenant on the retired list , he returned to the Navy in 1917 . He died on February 7 , 1919 at Oakland , Calif . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coxswain , U . S . Navy . Born : 18 August 1841 , Gloucester , England . Accredited to : California . G . O . No . : 169 , 8 February 1872 . Burial . William Halford was buried on Mare Island , California . Citation : Halford was sole survivor of the boat ' s crew sent to the Sandwich Islands for assistance after the wreck of the Saginaw , October 1870 . Promoted to acting gunner .
USS West Compo ( ID - 3912 ) USS " West Compo " ( ID - 3912 ) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy in 1919 . The ship was built in 1919 as SS " West Compo " , a steam - powered cargo ship for the as part of the " West " boats , a series of steel - hulled cargo ships built on the West Coast of the United States for the World War I war effort . She was the 20th ship built by Northwest Steel in Portland , Oregon . She was commissioned into the of the United States Navy in January 1919 . After one overseas trips for the Navy , she was decommissioned in May 1919 and returned to the . It is not known if " West Compo " had a civilian career after her Navy career ended . Sources conflict as to the ship ' s ultimate fate , but she was probably broken up in 1936 at Baltimore , Maryland . Design and construction . The " West " ships were cargo ship s of similar size and design built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States for the for emergency use during World War I . All were given names that began with the word " West " , like " West Compo " , one of some 40 " West " ships built by Northwest Steel of Portland , Oregon . " West Compo " ( Northwest Steel yard number 20 , hull number 1080 ) was completed in January 1919 . " West Compo " was , and was long ( between perpendiculars ) and abeam . " West Compo " had a steel hull and a mean draft of . She displaced 12 , 185 t , and had a deadweight tonnage of . The ship had a single steam turbine that drove her single screw propeller , and moved the ship at a pace . Military career . USS " West Compo " ( ID - 3912 ) was commissioned into the on 3 February 1919 with Lieutenant Commander A . A . Modeer , , in command . The ship sailed on 12 February with on a load of wheat flour and transited the Panama Canal on 1 and 2 March . After she arrived in Norfolk , Virginia , on 11 March , she replenished her fuel and stores and got underway for the Mediterranean on 14 March . " West Compo " arrived at Trieste on 9 April and unloaded her cargo . After taking on sand ballast , she departed on 19 April , sailing to Philadelphia via Gibraltar . She arrived at Philadelphia on 15 May , was decommissioned one week later , and returned to the . Civilian career . After the Navy decommissioned " West Compo " it is not known if she had a civilian career for the . The ship does not appear in contemporary newspaper reports and there is no evidence that she was ever sold . The " Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships " reports that the ship was abandoned by the in 1933 . Jordan lists her as still under ownership in 1939 , but Haworth reports that the ship was broken up in Baltimore in April 1936 . Colton also reports the ship as being scrapped in 1936 .
Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station ( ) , aka Topel Airport or formerly Cengiz Topel Air Base , is a Turkish Navy air station located east of İzmit in Kocaeli Province , Turkey . The airport is in joint use for military and civil . Restructured in 1976 , it hosts the Turkish Naval Aviation Command with two flying units , the 301st Squadron of fixed - wing aircraft and the 351st Squadron of rotorcrafts . The facility , formerly a base of the Turkish Air Force , is named after the Air Force fighter pilot Capt . Cengiz Topel , whose F - 100 Super Sabre was shot down on August 8 , 1964 during Turkey ' s military intervention in Cyprus . He ejected safely over land , but was promptly captured after landing and lynched by members of the Cyprus National Guard . He was the first Turkish pilot ever killed in action . Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station is situated east of Köseköy neighborhood in İzmit and west of Lake Sapanca between the highway and the motorway . History . Topel Airport was originally a Turkish Air Force facility . Following the re - establishment of the aviation branch of the Turkish Navy in 1968 , the first naval helicopter pilots were trained by the Turkish Army Aviation Command ' s flight school at the Güvercinlik Army Air Base in Etimesgut , Ankara Province . The unit , formed in 1972 at the same base , was transferred on May 19 , 1973 from Ankara to Cengiz Topel Air Base due to its location close to Gölcük Naval Base in Kocaeli Province following a protocol signed with the Turkish Air Force two weeks before . That day , Turkish Navy ' s first rotorcraft unit was renamed 351st Naval Helicopter Squadron . The 301st Naval Air Squadron , formed in 1971 at Etimesgut Air Base in Ankara Province as the fixed wing aviation unit of the Navy , was transferred on August 4 , 1972 to Bandırma Air Base to join the 6th Air Force Wing . With its four maritime patrol aircraft and twelve anti - submarine warfare ( ASW ) aircraft of type S - 2 Tracker , the unit was then relocated to Cengiz Topel Air Base on July 14 , 1976 . The base , in joint use since 1973 by the air force and the navy , was transferred to the Turkish Navy Command on July 14 , 1976 following the order of the Turkish General Staff . Finally , the Naval Air Station Command was established on August 4 , 1976 . The base was assigned to NATO on October 28 , 1981 . In 1983 , helipeds in Istanbul and Çanakkale were put in service so tha helicopters of the air station could use them also . In 2011 the airport was opened to public air traffic . Anadolujet and Borajet operate domestic flights .
Gugunian Expedition The Gugunian Expedition ( ) was an attempt by a small group of Armenia n nationalists from the Russian Empire to launch an armed expedition across the border into the Ottoman Empire in 1890 in support of local Armenians . Background . The Armenian Revolutionary Federation was the Armenian organization of Armenian national movement active in the region . The leader of the expedition was a former student , Sarkis Gugunian ( 1866 – 1913 ) . Like many other Russian Armenians , he was concerned with the fate of Ottoman Armenians living under the rule of the despotic Sultan Abdul Hamid II . Initially , Gugunian had the backing of the leading Armenian nationalist party in Russia , the Dashnaks , but they soon tried to dissuade him from embarking on such an unrealistic scheme . With financial support from wealthy Armenians living in Tbilisi and Baku , Gugunian was able to buy weapons and raise a volunteer force of 125 men . Conflict . Gugunian went ahead with his expedition and his volunteer force set off on September 27 , 1890 . They crossed the border but ran low on food supplies and after a clash with Turkish and Kurdish troops , they retreated to Russia . Here they were intercepted by Cossacks who arrested 43 members of the expedition . The Russian authorities treated any Armenian nationalist activity within their empire with deep suspicion and the arrested members were put on trial . They had fought under a banner with the initials " M . H . " , which could stand for either " Mother Armenia " or " Union of Patriots " in Armenian . The prosecutor at the trial , which took place in Kars in 1892 , alleged that the letters meant " United Armenia " , another possible - and more subversive - interpretation . 27 of the accused were convicted and exiled to Siberia . Aftermath . Although the expedition was a failure , its members became heroes of the Armenian nationalist cause and the subject of patriotic songs .
Armband An armband is a piece of material worn around the arm over the sleeve of other clothing if present . They may be worn for pure ornamentation to mark the wearer as belonging to group , having a certain rank or role , or being in a particular state or condition . Spring armbands have been used by men to keep overly long sleeves from dropping over the hands and thereby interfering with their use . Variation . Armbands are often used to hold a smartphone or an iPod on a wearer ' s arm while doing activities such as lifting weights , running , etc . A hybrid type of armband and handband combination is now also widely used by runners . When used as part of a military uniform it is called a brassard . Uniforms serving other purposes such as to identify members of clubs , societies or team s may also have armbands for certain ranks or functions . An armband might identify a group leader , a team captain , or a person charged with controlling or organizing an event . Bronze Age armbands have been found made from bronze ( sometimes gilded ) and jet . Some were constructed so that it would have been impossible to remove them . Police Departments in Asia use armbands for a " traffic reflection armband " or marking a type of unit . Armbands are sometimes used to indicate political affiliation s or to identify the wearer with an ideology or social movement . Large corporations sponsor athletes and teams in an effort to get advertising when the athletes exhibit the corporate logo visibly . Armbands , headband s , handband s and wristband s are common forms of such advertising . Journalists in Asia use an armband to mark themselves , similar to a press badge . The phrase " to wear your heart on your sleeve " , meaning to show your feelings , to display an emotional affiliation or conviction , is supposedly related to armbands . In medieval jousts , ladies of the court were said to tie a piece of cloth — a scarf or kerchief — around the arm of their favorite knight , who thus displayed his affection for the lady . Mourning . In some cultures , a black armband signifies that the wearer is in mourning or wishes to identify with the commemoration of a comrade or team member who has died . This use is particularly common in the first meeting following the loss of a member . In association football , it is common for a team to wear black armbands in their next match after the death of a former player or manager . This may also be accompanied by a moment of silence at the start of the match . The phrase " black armband view of history " was introduced to the Australian political lexicon by conservative historian Geoffrey Blainey in 1993 to describe views of history which , he believed , posited that " much of [ pre - multicultural ] Australian history had been a disgrace " and which focused mainly on the treatment of minority groups , especially Aborigines . The term was used by Prime Minister John Howard , whose perspective on Australian history strongly contrasted with what he called the black armband view .
USS Nausett ( 1865 ) USS " Nausett " , a single - turreted , twin - screw monitor , was built by Donald McKay , South Boston , MA , and launched on 26 April 1865 , and commissioned on 10 August 1865 , Acting Master Win . U . Grozier in command . Soon after her commissioning , she steamed to New York , NY , where she decommissioned on 24 August 1865 , and was laid up at the New York Navy Yard . " Nausett " was a " Casco " - class , light - draft monitor intended for service in the shallow bays , rivers , and inlets of the Confederacy . These warships sacrificed armor plate for a shallow draft and were fitted with a ballast compartment designed to lower them in the water during battle . Design Revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City , Ericsson and Stimers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by to make them seaworthy . Fate . As a result , " Nausett " remained in ordinary at New York for 10 years , during which time she was renamed twice : Aetna on 15 June 1869 ; and back to " Nausett " on 10 August 1869 . In August 1875 , she was broken up by John Roach of New York .
Gdov Kremlin The Gdov Kremlin ( ) is located on a bank of the Gdovka River , overlooking the Russia n town of Gdov . History . Origin . Gdov was established as an outpost of the Pskov Republic . It occupied a strategically important position , being close to Lake Peipus , separating Livonia and Rus . Located on an important road to Pskov , Gdov protected it from the north . Its first mention in the chronicle s dates back to 1323 . Initially , the fortress was a mixture of wooden and earthen fortifications . However , the level of protection was deemed insufficient against the rising threat of the German incursion . Construction of a stone Kremlin , initially with wooden elements , commenced in 1431 . The walls were constructed of alternating layers of boulders and Devonian sandstone , reaching 4 m in thickness and 8 m in height . The Kremlin had become fully stone - built by the middle of the 15th century . Active service . The Kremlin had been attacked on numerous occasions by German , Polish , and Swedish forces . In March 1480 , Gdov was attacked by forces of the Livonian Order that burned the posad and laid siege to the Kremlin , attempting to infiltrate it in a few places at the same time . Vastly outnumbered , the Gdov forces had to use every means of defence available to them , from artillery to burning tar and boiling water , successfully preventing the Order from reaching its goal . The Ingrian War began in 1610 , marking the onset of a Swedish invasion . By 1613 , the Kremlin was besieged again . The Swedish forces managed to capture it , only to lose control of it later that year . In 1614 , another attempt was made , with Gustavus II Adolphus , the King of Sweden personally commanding the operation . The Kremlin fell again remaining under Swedish control until 1621 when a peace treaty was signed under which Gdov was returned to Russia . During the 17th century , the Kremlin was continuously damaged by siege . It sustained major damage to its stonework ; signs of explosions have been identified . In 1657 , during the course of another Russo – Swedish War , it withstood a siege laid by eight thousand soldiers led by Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie . In 1686 , the Kremlin was severely damaged by fire . By the end of the century , is started to lose its strategic importance . Later years . In 1706 , Gdov was visited by Tsar Peter the Great . He ordered the walls strengthened by covering them with earth . Currently , the stone towers are also covered by earth , and have been ever since the construction of the town ' s park took place in the 19th century . Later in the 18th century , when the kremlin had totally fallen into disuse , parts of the walls were taken apart . In 1781 , the demolition of the kremlin was temporarily halted by order of Catherine the Great . In February 1944 , the Kremlin was razed almost entirely by the retreating forces of Nazi Germany . All the structures within the Kremlin walls , including a cathedral with a 52 m tall bell tower , churches , and hundreds of merchants ' houses were destroyed by explosives ; only the walls remained .
Ed Cavanaugh Ed Cavanaugh ( born August 24 , 1928 ) is a former American football player and coach . He served as the head football coach at Idaho State University from 1968 to 1971 and at the United States Military Academy from 1980 to 1982 , compiling a career college football record of 30 – 40 – 2 .
II Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps The II Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps / II Bavarian RK ( ) was a corps level command of the Royal Bavarian Army , part of the German Army during World War I . The corps only existed for a few months before the Staff was used to form a new Staff for the South Army on the Eastern Front . History . In peacetime , the German Army only conscripted about half of those eligible to serve , as the population was too numerous for its establishment . The remainder were posted to the " Landsturm " or the " Ersatz " Reserve . At the outbreak of the War , a large number of volunteers flocked to the colours . In October 1914 , these formed the XXII - XXVII Reserve Corps ( 43rd - 54th Reserve Divisions ) plus the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division ) . Similarly , in December 1914 , a second wave of corps ( XXXVIII - XXXXI Reserve Corps ) and divisions ( 75th - 82nd Reserve Divisions along with 8th Bavarian Reserve Division ) was formed . The personnel predominantly comprised " kriegsfreiwillige " ( wartime volunteers ) who did not wait to be called up . In keeping with the then normal practice of two divisions forming a corps , the II Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps was formed in December 1914 . It was commanded by General der Infanterie Felix Graf von Bothmer , who was brought out of retirement . The Corps was renamed as Corps Bothmer on 22 March 1915 . The Corps had a relatively brief existence : on 7 July 1915 , the headquarters was upgraded to that of South Army on the Eastern Front when the original command was transformed into the Army of the Bug . Commanders . II Bavarian Reserve Corps was commanded throughout its existence by General der Infanterie Felix Graf von Bothmer .
Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 40 Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 40 ( MALS - 40 ) is an aviation logistics support unit of the United States Marine Corps . They are based at Marine Corps Air Station New River , North Carolina and fall under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 40 and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing . Mission . Provide the necessary logistical support including intermediate support , maintenance , ordnance and supply for the squadrons of Marine Aircraft Group 40 and Marine Expeditionary Brigade - Afghanistan . History . In 2009 a detachment from Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 26 and Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 31 was sent to Afghanistan as part of the Special Purpose Marine Air - Ground Task Force sent as part of the Marine Corps ' force build up . When Marine Aircraft Group 40 was stood up the detachment was redesignated as MALS - 40 . MALS - 40 was relieved by MALS - 16 on 18 March 2010 at Camp Leatherneck , Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom .
66th Army ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 66th Army was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) XIII Army Group , during the Korean War . The 66th Army was composed of the 196th , 197th , and 198th Divisions .