naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
VP - 11 Patrol Squadron 11 is a former United States Navy patrol squadron . VP - 11 was formally established on 1 July 1941 , flying the PBY - 1 and operating from NAS Kaneohe , Hawaii . During the attack on Pearl Harbor the majority of the squadron ’ s aircraft were destroyed or damaged beyond repair . Losses were replaced in April 1942 with new PBY - 5 seaplanes . VP - 11 crews operated throughout the Western Pacific , and from September 1943 through the end of the war , they flew the PBY Catalina flying boats as part of the famed Black Cat operations . On 1 October 1944 they were redesignated VPB - 11 and disestablished on 20 June 1945 , following the war . On 15 May 1952 , VP - 11 was re - established at NAS Quonset Point , Rhode Island ; flying the Consolidated Vultee PB4Y - 2 Privateer and later the Lockheed P2V - 5 Neptune . In 1954 they moved to NAS Brunswick , Maine ; and in 1968 were equipped with the P - 3 Orion aircraft . VP - 11 was disestablished on 2 August 1997 in ceremonies held at NAS Brunswick , Maine . Commanding Officers ( with date of assuming command ) : Disestablishment History . The squadron was designated as VP - 11 on 1 July 1941 and redesignated at VPB - 11 on 1 October 1944 . Following WWII ( 20 June 1945 ) , the squadron was disestablished . On 15 May 1952 , VP - 11 was re - established ; and was disestablished in 1997 .
1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery Regiment The 1st Regiment Wisconsin Heavy Artillery was an artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery was originally organized by companies over a considerable period of time and did not serve together as a complete regiment . Batteries " E " to " M " were mustered out on June 26 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery initially recruited 1 , 777 officers and men . An additional 386 men were recruited as replacements , for a total of 2 , 163 men . The regiment suffered 4 enlisted men killed or died from wounds in action , and 2 officers and 77 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 83 fatalities .
Purity of arms The code of purity of arms ( , " Tohar HaNeshek " ) is one of the values stated in the Israel Defense Forces ' official doctrine of ethics , " The Spirit of the IDF " . According to Norman Solomon , the concepts of Havlaga and purity of arms arise out of the ethical and moral values stemming from the tradition of Israel , extrapolation from the Jewish Halakha , and the desire for moral approval and hence political support from the world community . Despite doubts when confronted by indiscriminate terrorism , purity of arms remains the guiding rule for the Israeli forces . These foundations have elicited a fair degree of consensus among Jews , both religious and secular . Jewish and Universal Moral Sources of the Doctrine . The IDF Doctrine Statement is not a religious document , but the underlying religious basis was articulated by Chief Rabbi Shlomo Goren ( 1917 – 94 ) , who had served in the IDF as both paratrooper and chief chaplain . The " Spirit of the IDF , " a text within the IDF ' s main doctrine , requires " honoring the values of the State of Israel as a Jewish . . . state , " while two of its four sources are " the tradition of the Jewish People throughout their history " and " universal moral values based on the value and dignity of human life . " It can be understood from this that Jewish religious law does not determine IDF policy " per se " . Dealing with such dilemmas requires a coherent response on the part of officer and soldier alike . Tactical and ethical dilemmas . Selective targeting ( or targeted killing ) of terrorist leaders is considered by the IDF as a legitimate mode of operation and part of a state ' s counterterrorism , anticipatory , self - defense activities that are designed to prevent the continuation of terrorism . Selective targeting of terrorist activists is used as a measure designed to hurt the real enemy while minimizing civilian casualties . The practice was challenged before the Israeli Supreme Court which held that while terrorists were civilians under the law of armed conflict , they were not protected by the prohibition in Article 51 ( 3 ) of Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions which provides that civilians enjoy immunity from deliberate attack " unless and for such time as they take a direct part in hostilities . " The Court found that the meaning of both ' for such time ' and ' direct part in hostilities ' covered those providing services to unlawful combatants in any period before a potential attack ; therefore terrorists did not qualify for this immunity , a ruling that has been accepted into international law . The decision received a mixed reception from the international community , with one scholar expressing concern that it threatened ' to undermine international law ' s protection of civilians in armed conflict by shifting the balance toward military advantage and increasing the likelihood of collateral damage . ' Rabbinic opinion . Some rabbis oppose the stipulation of avoiding harm to non - combatants , arguing that Jewish law specifically rejects this requirement during wartime . Some instances :
USS Underwood ( FFG - 36 ) USS " Underwood " ( FFG - 36 ) was the twenty - seventh ship of the " Oliver Hazard Perry " class of guided - missile frigate s , named for Captain Gordon Waite Underwood ( 1910 – 1978 ) . Ordered from Bath Iron Works , Bath , ME on 27 April 1979 as part of the FY79 program , " Underwood " was laid down on 30 July 1981 , launched on 6 February 1982 , and commissioned on 29 January 1983 . She was assigned to Destroyer Squadron 14 and homeported at Mayport , FL . On 13 January 2010 , the " Underwood " was ordered to assist in the humanitarian relief efforts following the 2010 Haiti earthquake . The Underwood was extensively used to counteract drug trafficking in Latin America with the assistance of the Coast Guard . USS Underwood was decommissioned on March 8 , 2013 .
Pierre de Montesquiou d ' Artagnan Pierre de Montesquiou , comte d ' Artagnan and later comte de Montesquiou ( 1640 – 12 August 1725 ) was a French soldier and Marshal of France . A scion of the famous French Montesquiou family , he was the fourth son of Henri I de Montesquiou , seigneur d ' Artagnan by his wife Jeanne , daughter of Jean de Gassion . He was also the cousin of Charles de Batz de Castelmore , to whom he lent one of his titles , comte d ' Artagnan , on whom the hero of Alexandre Dumas , père ' s D ' Artagnan Romances was based . Montesquiou served for twenty - three years as a musketeer in the Gardes Françaises before being made brigadier in 1688 . He was further promoted to maréchal de camp in 1691 and lieutenant général on 3 January 1696 before being made Maréchal de France on 15 September 1709 as a reward for his distinguished conduct at the Battle of Malplaquet on 11 September , at which he was wounded and had three horses shot under him .
Greem Bell Greem Bell is an ice airfield in Ostrov Greem - Bell , Russia located 1372 km north of Khatanga . It used the internal callsign XLDG . At latitude 81°N , it is Russia ' s northernmost airfield . This ice airfield was operational only during the winter months , roughly from the end of November to the beginning of March . It was created in the late 1950s as a possible staging base for Soviet bombers to reach the U . S . It fell under the jurisdiction of the interceptor aircraft regiment from Rogachevo ( Novaya Zemlya ) and was maintained by OGA ( Arctic Control Group ) , the Russian Air Force agency which maintains forward strategic deployment bases . In March 1978 4 Tu - 128 ( Fiddler ) of 72 Gv IAP ( 72nd Guards Interceptor Aviation Regiment ) from Amderma were based here for a one - month deployment . From the early 1980s into the 1990s it was regularly visited by Su - 27 ( Flanker ) and MiG - 31 ( Foxhound ) aircraft of the 10 OA ( 10th Air Army ) PVO Arkhangelsk . Before it was shut down it was also used for tourist helicopter trips around the Russian arctic as a stopover and refueling base . The base was shut down completely in 1994 . Today it is unused and falling into ruins which has closed Graham Bell Island to normal visitors . A Russian scientific expedition inspected the site in autumn of 2004 and found isolated instances of PCB contamination from discarded chemical drums . References . http : / / www . franz - josef - land . info / index . php ? id = 654 & L = 5
Frederick Schaefer Frederick Schaefer was a German revolutionary and Union Army colonel during the American Civil War . He was a brigade commander at the battles of Pea Ridge and Stones River where he was killed in action . Biography . Schaefer was born in Baden and served in the armed forces there . He came to the United States as a result of his participation in the Revolutions of 1848 , and settled in Missouri . He was appointed colonel of the 2nd Missouri Infantry and assigned to the Army of the Southwest . His regiment was part of the understrength 2nd Division commanded by Brig . Gen . Alexander Asboth . By seniority of his rank , Schaefer assumed command of the 1st Brigade . During the battle of Pea Ridge , Asboth ' s division was primarily held in reserved . On the second day of the battle , Schaefer ' s brigade took part in Franz Sigel ' s counter attack . After the Union victory at Pea Ridge much of the Army of the Southwest was transferred to the Western Army Group commanded by Henry Halleck . Asboth ' s division was decreased to a brigade status in the Army of the Mississippi . Schaefer returned to regimental command during the siege of Corinth . During the Kentucky Campaign , Schaefer was on sick leave and his regiment was led by Lieutenant Colonel Bernard Laiboldt . When Schaefer returned to command he was once again the ranking officer in his brigade . He assumed command of the 2nd Brigade in Philip H . Sheridan ' s 3rd Division of the XIV Corps . During the battle of Stones River Schaefer ' s brigade was initially held in reserve of Sheridan ' s division . His men were soon on the front lines and eventually began to run low on ammunition . Not having an adequate supply on hand , Sheridan ordered his brigade commanders to fix bayonets and continue to resist the Confederate attacks . Sheridan ' s division was hard pressed throughout the first day of the battle and Schaefer became Sheridan ' s fourth brigade commander to fall in battle .
103rd Motorised Division Piacenza The 103rd Motorised Division Piacenza was a Motorised Infantry Division of the Italian Army during World War II . The Division was formed in 1942 , and was in the Italian IV Army , Italian XXII Corps that was part of the occupying Italian army in France , located in the Toulon area . At the end of August 1943 , the Italian High Command decided to move the 4th Army from southern France back to Italy , where it was destroyed fighting the Germans after the Italian Surrender in September 1943 .
Louis Kempff Rear Admiral Louis Kempff ( October 11 , 1841 - July 29 , 1920 ) was an officer of the United States Navy from 1857 to 1903 . Biography . Louis Kempff was born in Belleville , Illinois , United States , to parents Frederick and Henriette Kempff , both from Germany . After passing the entrance exams , he received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis , Maryland on September 21 , 1857 . Civil War . Towards the end of his senior year at Annapolis , the American Civil War erupted and Kempff was detached from the Naval Academy and called into active service in May 1861 . Midshipman Kempff was assigned to the , a steam frigate in the Atlantic Blockading Squadron . On November 7 , 1861 , Kempff participated in the Battle of Port Royal , near Hilton Head Island , South Carolina . On August 1 , 1862 , Kempff was commissioned as a Lieutenant and subsequently assigned to the . At the close of the Civil War , Kempff was aboard the in the Pacific Ocean . Later Naval career . Following the Civil War , Kempff continued serving aboard the " Suwanee " ; on July 25 , 1866 , Kempff was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Commander . On March 7 , 1876 , Kempff was promoted to Commander . Kempff was thereafter assigned to the Mare Island Navy Yard and Station where he served as commander of the station ' s Department of Equipment and Recruiting . On October 25 , 1885 , Kempff assumed command of the . Kempff subsequently served on the Board of Inspection and Survey in San Francisco , California during which time he was promoted to Captain . Kempff ' s final promotion came on March 3 , 1899 when he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral . Later life . Following his service in the Boxer Rebellion , Kempff continued to serve in the United States Navy ; following the events of the Boxer Rebellion , Kempff became the Commandant – in – charge of the Pacific Naval District . Kempff continued in this capacity until his retirement in 1903 . Following his retirement form military service , Kempff became an active participant in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States .
Edward Terry Edward A . Terry ( January 24 , 1839 – June 1 , 1882 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . Following the war , he served several tours of duty at the United States Naval Academy , including a tour in the 1870s as Commandant of Cadets . Early life and career . Born at Hartford , Connecticut , Terry entered the United States Naval Academy on September 21 , 1853 and graduated on June 10 , 1857 . He served as a midshipman in the sloop , attached to the East India Squadron , from 1857 to 1859 . Civil War . In 1861 he was assigned to the steam sloop and served in her with the Western Gulf Blockading Squadron throughout the Civil War . He participated in the engagement with the Confederate ram during the Battle of the Head of Passes on October 12 , 1861 , the artillery duel with Fort McRee and other shore batteries in Pensacola Bay on 22 November , the passage of Forts Jackson and St . Philip , and the capture of New Orleans in late April 1862 . After New Orleans , David Farragut ' s force moved up the Mississippi , and Terry was present when the salt water fleet ran the gauntlet at Vicksburg and joined Flag Officer Charles Henry Davis ' riverine fleet above the Confederate stronghold . In January 1863 , Terry was promoted to lieutenant commander . On March 14 , his ship joined others of the fleet in bombarding the batteries surrounding Port Hudson so that Farragut could dash past them and establish a blockade cutting the Confederacy ' s Red River supply line . In his last major engagement , the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , Terry helped to close the last major Confederate port on the Gulf of Mexico . Post - war assignments . Following the Civil War , Terry alternated between sea duty and a series of shore assignments at the Naval Academy . In 1866 - 67 , he served in the Pacific Squadron in the steam frigate . His first tour of duty at the Naval Academy followed in 1868 - 69 . He assumed his first command , , in 1870 and cruised with the Asiatic Fleet until 1872 . During that assignment , on October 30 , 1871 , he was promoted to commander . Terry returned to the Naval Academy in 1873 , and in 1875 was appointed Commandant of Midshipmen , a post he held until 1878 . Terry was then ordered to the Pacific Squadron to serve as Flag Captain in ; first to Rear Admiral C . R . Perry Rodgers , then in 1880 - 81 to Rear Admiral Thomas H . Stevens . In 1881 , he went on leave due to illness . On June 1 , 1882 , Commander Terry died at Manitou Springs , Colorado . Namesake . Two ships in the United States Navy have been named for him .
CBU - 24 The CBU - 24 ( Cluster Bomb Unit - 24 ) is an unguided , aircraft delivered anti - personnel and anti - materiel weapon developed by the United States . Because it is an unguided weapon , the CBU - 24 can be carried and dropped by any aircraft capable of carrying standard " dumb " or " iron " bombs . The CBU - 24 cluster bomb consists of a SUU - 30 dispenser unit containing a payload of 665 tennis ball - sized BLU - 26 or BLU - 36 fragmentation submunitions , also known as bomblets . Once dropped from the delivery aircraft , the CBU - 24 casing breaks open in - flight and releases the individual submunitions , scattering them over a large area . Each submunition is designed to detonate and damage or destroy targets within the weapon ' s footprint by explosion , concussion and fragmentation effects . While most BLU - 26 submunitions explode on impact , they can also be set for air - burst or fixed - period delayed detonation . The BLU - 36 submunition has a random time - delay fuse and will detonate at some point after impact . The time - delay function of the submunitions is designed to continue to deny the area to the enemy for some time after the initial attack and hamper clean up and casualty recovery operations . While primarily designed as an anti - personnel weapon , the bomblets can also damage structures and soft vehicle targets within the target area .
Ian Maitland , 15th Earl of Lauderdale Ian Colin Maitland , 15th Earl of Lauderdale DL ( 30 January 1891 – 17 February 1953 ) , styled Viscount Maitland between 1924 and 1931 , was a representative peer for Scotland in the House of Lords from 1931 to 1945 . Maitland was the only child of Frederick Maitland , 14th Earl of Lauderdale by his wife Gwendoline Lucy ( d . 30 January 1929 ) , daughter of Robert Vaughan Williams , a judge , of Bodlonfa , Flintshire . He succeeded to the titles upon his father ' s death in 1931 . Educated at Eton College , Maitland served in World War I , was a Major in the 3rd Reserve Battalion of the Queen ' s Own Cameron Highlanders and in 1915 - 16 and 1918 was ADC to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . The Earl was a member of the Royal Company of Archers , the King ' s Bodyguard for Scotland , and Deputy Lieutenant for Berwickshire . In civilian life he was President of the Southampton Conservative Association , 1931 – 1935 , and Hon . President of the Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants , 1931 - 1945 . Family . Lord Lauderdale married Ethel Mary Ivy ( d . 1971 or 1972 ) , eldest daughter of James Jardine Bell - Irving of Makerstoun , Roxburghshire , on 11 November 1912 . They resided at Thirlestane Castle , near Lauder , Berwickshire . They had two children :
Shadian incident The Shadian incident ( ) was a massacre of Hui people by the People ' s Liberation Army that occurred in Shadian Town , Gejiu City , Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture , Yunnan Province , People ' s Republic of China in July 1975 . Background . Shadian Town at the time had one of the largest Hui people populations totalling about 7 , 200 people . As part of the Four Olds , the People ' s Liberation Army closed down mosques and burned religious books . Many Muslims set up their own factions to preserve their rights as guaranteed under the PRC constitution . Incident . In 1974 a notice was issued ordering closure of mosques in the town . As many as 1 , 000 people boarded a train to Beijing to complain . The conflict escalated when Communist leftists criticised the conservative Muslims whereupon the Muslims took control of local PLA barracks and arsenals . This led to a string of incidents culminating in a military attack by a 10 , 000 strong force of PLA soldiers against the Hui people living in seven villages in July 1975 . One week later , more than 1000 Huis lay dead with 4 , 400 houses destroyed . The PLA used guns , cannons and also aerial bombardment in the campaign . Aftermath . Following the Cultural Revolution , in February 1979 the Yunnan Communist Party reviewed the incident , officially rectified the incidents and apologized .
Heinz Brandt Generalmajor Heinz Brandt ( 11 March 1907 – 21 July 1944 ) was a German Wehrmacht staff officer who served during World War II as an aide to Generalleutnant Adolf Heusinger , who was the head of the operations unit of the General Staff . He is notable for winning an equestrian olympic gold medal and for possibly saving Adolf Hitler ' s life unwittingly by moving the 20 July plot bomb planted by Oberst Claus von Stauffenberg . Life and career . Early life . He was born in Charlottenburg , Berlin and enlisted in the Reichswehr in 1925 . He attended a course at the cavalry school in Hanover from 1927 to 1928 and was commissioned a lieutenant . In 1936 he was a member of the gold medal winning German show jumping team in the equestrian event at the Berlin Summer Olympics , on his horse Alchemy . World War II . At the outbreak of World War II he was a Hauptmann on the general staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht . After serving in an infantry division he was promoted to Major in January 1941 and Oberstleutnant in April 1942 . On 13 March 1943 Generalmajor Henning von Tresckow asked Brandt to carry a package containing bottles of what he claimed was cognac onto Hitler ' s Condor plane for delivery to Oberst Helmuth Stieff as payment for a lost bet . The package in fact contained a primed bomb which in the event failed to detonate . In May 1943 Brandt was promoted to Oberst . 20 July bomb . On 20 July 1944 he arrived at the Wolf ' s Lair headquarters in Rastenburg , East Prussia for a situation conference attended by Hitler . With the assistance of Major Ernst John von Freyend , Oberst von Stauffenberg put a briefcase containing a primed bomb at Brandt ' s feet as close as possible to Hitler and to the right of General Heusinger who was standing next to him . Stauffenberg then made an excuse that he had a phone call and left the room . Soon after he left Brandt wanted to get a better look at a map on the table , he found the briefcase in his way and moved the briefcase to the other side of a thick strong table leg . Seven minutes later the bomb exploded and blew one of Brandt ' s legs off . Death . Brandt died the next day after surgery in Rastenburg hospital and was posthumously promoted to Generalmajor by Hitler . Three other people also died as a result of the explosion . It was later concluded that its exact positioning next to a leg of the map table was a crucial factor in determining who in the room survived . In Film . In the 1971 Eastern Bloc co - production " Liberation : Direction of the Main Blow " , Brandt was portrayed by the East German actor Fritz - Ernst Fechner . In the 2008 film " Valkyrie " , Heinz Brandt is portrayed by British actor Tom Hollander , who is shown as an antagonist of Claus von Stauffenberg in the beginning of the movie .
USS Helena I ( SP - 24 ) USS " Helena I " ( SP - 24 ) was an armed yacht that served the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 - 1919 . " Helena I " was built in 1906 by the Van Sant Brothers , Port Republic , New Jersey , as a private motor yacht . The U . S . Navy acquired her from Dr . W . G . Hall of Trenton , New Jersey , in May 1917 for World War I service . Assigned to the 7th Naval District , she was taken to Key West , Florida , and commissioned as the USS " Helena I " ( SP - 24 ) on 7 September 1917 . Quartermaster 2nd Class Otis Curry was placed in command . " Helena I " operated as a harbor and coastal patrol boat in the vicinity of Key West , until decommissioned and sold on 27 August 1919 . Before she could be delivered to her new owner , however , Helena I was among eight former SP boats wrecked on 11 September by the 1919 Florida Keys Hurricane , while anchored in the North Beach Basin , Key West . She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 4 October 1919