naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Constant ( Brazil ) Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães ( Niterói , 18 October 1836 – Rio de Janeiro , 22 January 1891 ) was a Brazilian military man and political thinker . Primarily a positivist , influenced heavily by Auguste Comte , he was the founder of the positivist movement in Brazil ( Sociedade Positivista do Brasil , " Brazilian Positivist Society " ) , and later this led to his republican views . He left the Brazilian Positivist society because of internal disagreements , but remained an ardent pupil of Comte until the end of his life . Benjamin Constant had a difficult childhood and attempted suicide at the age of 12 . He served in the Paraguayan War , and had a large family . He felt underpaid and unhappy as a soldier . An intellectual at heart , he was a great supporter of Comte ' s Religion of Humanity . His Republican views led him to found the Clube Militar ( or Military Club ) , with Deodoro da Fonseca , in May 1887 . It was based in the Praia Vermelha Military School , and , shortly before his death , overthrew the emperor and helped establish a republic . The Brazilian town of Benjamin Constant , near the Amazon river and the Peruvian border , was named after him . He was considered " the founder of the Republic " in the Constitution of 1891 .
Fort Fraser ( Florida ) Fort Fraser was a United States Army fortification constructed in November 1837 between the modern cities of Lakeland and Bartow in Polk County , Florida . The fort ' s name was inspired by Upton S . Fraser , a Captain in the U . S . Army who was killed by Seminole Indians in the March to Fort King on December 28 , 1835 . Colonel Zachary Taylor , who would later become the President of the United States , served at Fort Fraser as commander of two companies of the 1st U . S . Infantry . The fort was abandoned by the Army in May 1838 , only to be informally used later as a shelter during the American Civil War and Third Seminole War .
Old City Hall Cenotaph , Toronto The Old City Hall Cenotaph is a cenotaph located at the front steps of Old City Hall in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Originally built after World War I to commemorate Torontonians who lost their lives in services for Canada , the memorial also commemorates those who died in World War II and the Korean War . It was modelled on The Cenotaph at Whitehall in London , England , was constructed using granite cut from the Canadian Shield and unveiled on November 11 , 1925 . The site is one of several locations used for Remembrance Day commemorations in Toronto .
Robert Ellis ( United States Army nurse ) Master Sergeant Robert Ellis is a retired United States Army nurse that from January 2004 until August 2005 , cared for Saddam Hussein and his cousins . He was the senior medical adviser at the compound at Camp Cropper near Baghdad . He was instructed to call Saddam by his code name " Victor , " in case any agency or groups came looking for him . When Ellis told Saddam he had to leave for America because his brother was dying , Saddam hugged him and said he would be his brother .
William Feilding , Viscount Feilding Major - General William Robert Feilding , Viscount Feilding ( 15 June 1760 – 8 August 1799 ) was a British Army officer and politician . He was the eldest son of Basil Feilding , 6th Earl of Denbigh , but died a year before his father , leaving a son , William Feilding , 7th Earl of Denbigh .
P - 800 Oniks The P - 800 Oniks ( ; ) , also known in export markets as Yakhont ( ; ) , is a Russia n / Soviet supersonic anti - ship cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya as a ramjet version of P - 80 Zubr . Its GRAU designation is 3M55 . Development officially started in 1983 , and by 2001 allowed the launch of the missile from land , sea , air and submarine . The missile has the NATO reporting codename SS - N - 26 . It is reportedly a replacement for the P - 270 Moskit , but possibly also for the P - 700 Granit . The P - 800 was reportedly used as the basis for the joint Russian - Indian supersonic missile BrahMos . Description . The missile is carried in flight by aerodynamic lift . The solid - propellant booster is located in the ramjet ' s combustion chamber and is ejected by the airflow after it has burned out . Standard batteries of the K - 300 Bastion - P ( Бастион - П - Подвижный ) : Advantages . Over - the - horizon firing range , full autonomy of combat use ( " fire and forget " ) , a set of flexible ( " low " , " high - low " ) trajectories , high supersonic speed on all phases of flight , full harmonization for a wide range of platforms ( surface ships of all major classes , submarines and land - based launchers ) , low profile RCS ( " STEALTH " technology ) , the use of the missile in electronic countermeasures environment . Operational history . Syria . In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko , senior adviser to the Russian President , has said that Russia intends to deliver P - 800 to Syria based on the contracts signed in 2007 . Syria received 2 Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each ( 72 in total ) . The missiles ' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV . In May 2013 , Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government of Bashar al - Assad supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military intervention . The warehouse containing the Bastion launchers was destroyed in an Israeli air strike on Latakia on 5 July 2013 , but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack . Specifications . Radar homing head .
Commander ' s Digest Commander ' s Digest was a biweekly periodical published by the United States Department of Defense and the Office of Information for the Armed Forces from 1960 to June 1978 . After printing ceased , it was replaced by " Command Policy " . Its purpose was to provide " official and professional information to commanders and key personnel on matters related to Defense policies , programs and interests , " and to promote " better understanding and teamwork within the Department of Defense . " In June 1967 , an annual subscription cost $ 2 . 50 , or single issues could be purchased from the Government Printing Office for 5 cents .
Revier The German word " Revier " literally translates as a defined area or territory . In the everyday language it does not have any relation with concentration camps , but it is used to define animal territory or a working area . The Ruhr Area is often nicknamed " Revier " as well . A revier ( abbreviated from German " Krankenrevier " , or " sick bay " , " dispensary " ) in the language of Nazi camps was a barrack for sick concentration camp inmates . Most of the medical personnel were inmates themselves . The conditions in " reviers " varied drastically depending on the type of the camp . Extermination camps . In extermination camp s ( as well as in many labor camp s , where extermination through labor was practiced ) the idea of " revier " was immediately associated with death in many respects . Death was to be expected immediately upon entrance to a " revier " : An " insufficiently " sick person could be classified as malingerer , who is avoiding labor . The penalty was death . Even being admitted into the " revier " gave little hope : while the medical personnel could have highly qualified doctors ( inmates ) , they could not offer any help beyond very basic first aid : The supply of medicine was very limited . In addition , rations for sick were lower than for the inmates who could work and no hygiene was maintained . Finally , at any moment the residents of a " revier " were subject to extermination for various reasons ( e . g . a threat of an epidemy , due to overcrowding or deemed incurably sick ) .
RAF Henley - on - Thames RAF Henley - on - Thames is a former Royal Air Force grass - strip airfield in Berkshire , England , located near Henley - on - Thames . It was also known by a variety of other names : Cockpole Green , Upper Culham Farm , Crazies Hill , or Crazies Hill Farm . History . The site was used to assemble and test Supermarine Spitfire s and as a Relief Landing Ground for RAF White Waltham and RAF Woodley . It was built in late 1939 and closed in October 1945 . Current use . There is currently little to see on satellite imagery that the airfield existed as the runways were grass .
Rudolf Otto ( soldier ) Rudolf Otto ( 14 December 1912 – 20 December 2006 ) was a highly decorated Feldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
War reserve stock A war reserve stock ( WRS ) , also known as pre - paid supplies , is a collection of warfighting material held in reserve in pre - positioned storage to be used if needed in wartime . They may be located strategically depending on where it is believed they will be needed . In addition to military equipment , a war reserve stock may include raw materials that might become scarce during wartime . According to this definition , storage such as the Strategic Petroleum Reserve may be considered a war stock . The United States maintains war reserve stocks around the world , mainly in NATO countries and in some major non - NATO allies . The US 31st Munitions Squadron is tasked with maintaining and distributing the largest war reserve stockpiles of munitions for the United States Air Forces in Europe . Conflicts of high intensity and lengthy duration may have to rely mostly on supplies that are produced while they are ongoing . The first and second World Wars provide examples of this . But smaller wars of shorter duration where belligerents have already stockpiled sufficiently for the outbreak of conflict are able to rely on pre - existing stock . The U . S . Invasion of Grenada ( 1983 ) or Panama in 1989 , in particular , were small enough to be almost wholly reliant on existing stock .
USS Habersham ( AK - 186 ) USS " Habersham " ( AK - 186 ) was an . She was named for Habersham County , Georgia . " Habersham " was launched 7 June 1944 by the Walter Butler Shipbuilding Company in Superior , Wisconsin , under a Maritime Commission contract . She was sponsored by Mrs . Carl Gray , Jr . and acquired by the US Navy on 26 April 1945 and commissioned 12 May 1945 with Commander M . A . MacPhee in command . Following shakedown training off Galveston , Texas the ship sailed 2 June 1945 for Gulfport , Mississippi , to take on cargo and departed four days later to join the Pacific Fleet . " Habersham " arrived at Pearl Harbor via the Canal Zone 30 June , unloaded her cargo , and returned to San Francisco with passengers and cargo 12 July . She then loaded cargo and sailed 21 July for Eniwetok , arriving on 7 August . " Habersham " was at Eniwetok when the surrender of Japan was announced , and departed 9 September to carry cargo for occupation forces in Japan . Arriving Tokyo Bay , 17 September , she unloaded cargo and departed for Guam and San Francisco 27 November . She arrived 12 January 1946 and sailed for the East Coast on 11 February , arriving Norfolk , Virginia 6 March . " Habersham " decommissioned at Baltimore , Maryland 9 April 1946 and was returned to the Maritime Commission . Sold into merchant service , she became " Rosa Thorden " and in 1952 " Pusan " for the Korean Shipping Corporation . Renamed MV " Sam Dae " ( date unknown ) . Final Disposition , scrapped in Korea in 1979 .
Battle of La Guaira ( 1812 ) The Battle of La Guaira was a naval engagement fought in the Caribbean Sea on 11 December 1812 during the war between Britain and the United States . An American privateer captured a British letter of marque at the Spanish port of La Guaira in Venezuela . Battle . On 10 December while on a commerce raiding cruise , the American schooner " Saratoga " , of 16 guns and 140 men under Captain Charles W . Wooster anchored off La Guaira . After he arrived the American consul warned Wooster that if he remained in port , the Spanish garrison would sink his ship with their shore batteries . The Americans withdrew out of range but remained off the city . That same day the " Saratoga " captured a British schooner and sent her as a prize back to the United States . On the following morning as a heavy fog cleared , the Americans spotted an incoming brig . After the engagement it turned out that she was the letter of marque " Rachel " , originally commanded by Captain N . Dalmahoy ( or Dalmarhoy ) , of 237 tons burthen , mounting fourteen long 9 - pounders with a crew of thirty - six men . She had been at sea for 57 days . Dalmahoy had died two weeks before the battle so a first mate named Alexander was in charge . Immediately after spotting the British , " Saratoga " sailed to intercept but it took two hours for her to close to firing range . The Spanish colonists expected the arrival of the " Rachel " and so hundreds of the colonists rushed to the beaches to observe the engagement . When the range closed the two vessels began tacking towards land , the " Saratoga " opened fire while five miles off the port , firing her starboard bow gun . The British answered with shots from their port quarter guns until both ships were side by side . For over half an hour the two vessels dueled but the fighting ended when the " Rachel " s fire weakened . After volleys of small arms fire had driven the British sailors below decks , the Americans closed in and boarded . The British had two men killed , including Alexander , and two men wounded , one of whom died shortly thereafter ; only two men from the " Saratoga " were wounded . The next day , being short of water , Wooster released twenty - seven of the prisoners and sent them into La Guaira in a longboat . He kept four of the prisoners on " Rachel " and two on " Saratoga " . Aftermath . The next day , under the command of Captain Thomas Fellowes , encountered " Rachel " and captured her , together with the 12 - man prize crew of Americans . The British took the Americans on board " Fawn " and put a six - man prize crew on board " Rachel " , which they sent her into Jamaica , where the Vice admiralty court condemned her as a prize . " Fawn " went into La Guaira and picked up " Rachel " s crew , all of whom agreed to serve on " Fawn " , though some apparently deserted shortly thereafter .
MPA submachine gun The MPA submachine gun is a submachine gun that originated in Argentina . History and Design . The MPA was the result of a 1977 project carried out by manufacturer Domingo Matheu to manufacture a reduced size submachine gun . It had a 100 mm tube next to the handle angled with respect to the axis of the weapon . The MPA project had as an objective the reduction of the recoil in the grip area . It could charge dockhands 18 , 25 and 40 cartridges . The Country , was a development of an official of the FAA taking as base to the Ingram M10 . It included the mounts for : a bayonet , a silencer and a special harness for under - the - arm carry capability .
Rodrigo Franco Command The Rodrigo Franco Command was a paramilitary organization that acted as a death squad in Peru from 1985 to 1990 . The group was closely aligned with the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance ( APRA ) , which governed Peru under Alan García during the years of the Rodrigo Franco Command ' s existence . The group took its name from Rodrigo Franco Montes , a member of the APRA who was assassinated by Shining Path militants . According to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission , the group committed various human rights violations , including the murder of a human rights lawyer , the murder of a member of the Communist Party of Peru ( Red Fatherland ) , the murder of a member of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement , and the placement of a car bomb in front of a newspaper ' s headquarters . References . Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación . " Los Asesinatos del Comando Paramilitar Autodenominado Rodrigo Franco ( 1985 - 1990 ) . " Available online . Accessed November 28 , 2006 .
USS Dart ( YFB - 308 ) The second USS " Dart " ( YFB - 308 ) was a United States Navy ferry launch in service from 1900 to 1930 . The second " Dart " was attached to the Mare Island Navy Yard from 1900 to 1930 . She was employed as a ferry between the Navy Yard and Vallejo , California , and also as a stand - by fire boat . On 20 September 1930 she was transferred to the Department of Commerce .
Victoria Memorial Square Victoria Memorial Square is a park and former cemetery in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Established in 1763 as the burial place for those affiliated with the nearby Fort York , it was the first cemetery to be used by European settlers in what would become the city of Toronto . The park today is the site of a monument to the War of 1812 sculpted by Walter Seymour Allward and completed in 1902 . History . The cemetery was established by Governor John Graves Simcoe and the first burial in the cemetery was his infant daughter Katherine ( January 16 , 1793 - April 19 , 1794 ) . It served as the military cemetery for Toronto until 1863 and saw some 400 burials , including a number of victims of the War of 1812 . When the Town of York was incorporated as the City of Toronto in 1834 , its ' New Town ' grid was extended from Peter Street to as far west as Garrison Creek creating the ' New Town Extension ' with its curved Niagara Street , later extended a block closer to the Garrison Creek with Walnut Street . Victoria Square was one of four squares in the ' New Town Extension ' ; Clarence Square , McDonell Square and West Market Square were the others . McDonell Square became the site of St . Mary ' s Church and was renamed Portugal Square in 1960 . In the West Market Square , St . Andrew ' s Market was established to rival St . Lawrence Market in the ' Old Town ' to the east . The cemetery reached capacity in 1863 and was closed and largely abandoned . Over the decades , neglect and vandalism resulted in there today being only 17 surviving grave stones . In the late 19th century it was turned into a public park and has served as such since . It was restored between 2009 - 2011 . Led by the Wellington Place Neighbourhood Association and Toronto Councillor Adam Vaughan , restoration included regrading , and elements such as lighting , pathways , street furniture , trees and other plantings , and a playground .
Brody Castle Brody Castle ( , " Brodivskyi zamok " ) is a former castle located in the city of Brody , part of Lviv Oblast , Ukraine . History . The first information about the construction of the castle in Brody town refers to the 1580s . Crown Hetman ( ) Stanisław Koniecpolski acquired Brody town in 1629 and built the castle bastion of a new type between 1630 and 1635 under the supervision of Italian architect Andrea del Aqua and based on a design by Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan . The castle was pentagonal in plan and included five bastion s and curtain walls , that had octagon - formed dungeons in the middle . It was surrounded by the deep moat . The total number of casemats in the castle was 75 , they were used as barracks and warehouses . The governor lived in a wooden house in the grounds of Brody castle . This house , as well as wooden chapel remained till the middle of 18th century . The castle and the fortress withstood a siege by Cossack troops , that lasted several weeks during the Khmelnytsky Uprising in 1648 . During the Battle of Berestechko ( 1651 ) the fortress was the Polish military base . Here the captive Cossaks were detained . In the late 1660s the castle was renovated and thank to this the locals could hide there during Turkish campaigns in 1672 and in 1676 . The castle was acquired in 1704 by the Potocki family . Count Potocki reconstructed the castle for his own residence in Rococo style . In 1772 , after the First Partition of Poland , Brody town was withdrawn by Austria . Russia n forces ravaged Brody during the War of the Polish Succession . At the order of the Austrian administration , most of the remaining fortifications were demolished by Wincenty Potocki in 1812 : ( the ravelin , the clock tower , two bastions from the city side , the moat was filled ) . Current state . In the postwar period , the castle housed the military unit , and at that time it was badly damaged due to reconstructions . The military unit left the fortress only in the 1990s . After that the palace facilities were transferred to the local school , there is also the regional archive and exhibition halls of Brody Museum of Local History . Castle dungeons are still in ruins and are not used , that leads to considerable damages . The only surviving structure now is the much rebuilt two - storey palace of Stanislaw Potocki ( 1753 – 1805 ) .
Wilhelm Rediess Wilhelm Rediess ( 10 October 1900 – 8 May 1945 ) was the SS and Police Leader during the German occupation of Norway in the Second World War . He was also the commanding General ( " Obergruppenführer " ) of all SS troops stationed in occupied Norway , assuming command on 22 June 1940 until his death in 1945 . Early life . Rediess was born in Heinsberg , Prussia , German Empire , the son of a court employee . After school , Rediess became an electrician . In June 1918 , he enlisted in the German army , serving as an infantryman until the end of the First World War in November 1918 . He then worked as an electrician until losing his job in the German economic crisis of 1929 . In May 1925 , Rediess joined the SA and in December 1925 was approved for membership in the Nazi Party . He led a Düsseldorf SA company in 1927 and was transferred to the SS with his unit in 1930 . Promotion swiftly followed for Rediess , achieving the rank of Lieutenant General ( " SS - Obergruppenführer " ) in 1935 . World War II . At the onset of World War II , Rediess was an SS officer in Prussia , having previously served as the Division Commander of " SS - Oberabschnitt Südost " . In March 1941 , citing reports of large numbers of Norwegian women impregnated by German soldiers , Rediess implemented the German " Lebensborn " program in Norway . This program encouraged the production of " racially pure " " Aryan " children , usually sired by SS troops . Ultimately , 8 , 000 children were born under the auspices of this program , making Norway second only to Germany in registered " Aryan " births during World War II . Rediess committed suicide by a self - inflicted gunshot wound upon the collapse of the Third Reich in Norway on 8 May 1945 . His remains were destroyed when " Reichskommissar " Josef Terboven detonated fifty kilograms of dynamite in a bunker on the Skaugum compound the same day .