naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
85th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 85th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment in the United States Army . History and lineage . The 85th Infantry was briefly activated during WWI but never sent overseas then reactivated during WWII at Camp Hale in 1942 , with 3 battalions , and attached to the 10th Mountain Division . Constituted 31 July 1918 in the Regular Army as the 85th Infantry and assigned to the 18th Infantry Division . Organized September 1918 at Camp Travis , Texas from personnel of the 35th Infantry . Relieved from the 18th Division and demoblized 13 February 1919 at Camp Travis . Reconstituted 10 July 1943 in the Army of the United States as the 85th Infantry . activated 15 July 1943 at Camp Hale , Colorado . assigned to the 10th Mountain Division , 15 July 1943 Redesignated 85th Mountain Infantry and assigned to the 10th Mountain Division 6 November 1944 . Inactivated 30 November 1945 at Camp Carson , Colorado . Redesignated 85th Infantry and assigned to 10th Infantry Division 18 June 1948 , allotted to the regular Army 25 June 1948 . Activated 1 July 1948 at Fort Riley , Kansas . Inactivated 1 July 1957 in Germany . The 3rd Bn , 85th Infantry Regiment was reactivated at Fort Drum , NY on August 22 , 2007 as the Warrior Transition unit for Fort Drum NY and the Northeastern United States . Campaign Streamers . World War II A Silver color metal and enamel device 1 3 / 16 inches ( 3 . 02 cm ) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned : Per fess dancetté Azure and Argent , in chief a ram ’ s head affronté of the second and in base a jack boot Vert . Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Blue scroll turned Silver inscribed “ FIX BAYONETS ” in Silver letters . The blue is for Infantry and the ram ’ s head symbolizes a unit skilled in mountain activity . The white ( silver ) base with the dancetté partition line represents snow - capped mountains and the green boot is an allusion to service in Italy . The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 18 May 1951 . Per fess dancetté Azure and Argent , in chief a ram ’ s head affronté of the second and in base a jack boot Vert . The blue is for Infantry and the ram ’ s head symbolizes a unit skilled in mountain activity . The white base with the dancetté partition line represents snow - capped mountains and the green boot is an allusion to service in Italy . The coat of arms was approved on 18 May 1951 .
Rocca dei Rossi Rocca dei Rossi is a castle located in San Secondo Parmense , northern Italy . It was begun in 1466 on land donated to Giacomo Rossi , a member of one of the most prestigious families in Parma . The stronghold was later turned into a luxurious manor including many beautiful frescoes by the best local artists of the 16th century . The last heir of the Rossi family donated the castle back to the Municipality of San Secondo and was used as Town hall until 2007 . The manor is open and available to tours of its architecture and artwork all year . Castle . Only the northwest wing and the northeast façade remain of the 16th century structure . During the last part of the 19th century , a large part of the castle was destroyed . The Renaissance courtyard , the main staircase and the reception hall , and the frescoes on the piano nobile are all that is left today . In 1983 , an earthquake caused considerable damage to the building , making extensive restructuring necessary . Today , guided tours of the castle are held regularly with performers dressed in historic costumes . In the first week of June , the Rocca provides the stage for a traditional Palio of San Secondo , contested among the various " contrade " of the town , and the theatrical representation of the marriage between Pier Maria III de ' Rossi and Camilla Gonzaga , originally celebrated on 13 February 1523 . Art . In the 16th century , the Rossi castle was decorated in extravagant style , with frescoes by the best artists of the time , in order not to appear inferior to the new lords of Parma , the Farnese . Frescoes by Giulio Romano disciples , by Baglione , Sammacchini , Bertoja , Procaccini and Paganino were prominently displayed . Main artworks include :
HMCS Calgary ( FFH 335 ) HMCS " Calgary " ( FFH 335 ) is a that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1995 . " Calgary " is the sixth vessel in her class and the second vessel to carry the designation . She was built as part of the Canadian Patrol Frigate Project . " Calgary " was laid down on 15 June 1991 at MIL Davie Shipbuilding , Lauzon and launched on 28 August 1992 . She was officially commissioned into the CF on 12 May 1995 and carries the hull classification symbol 335 . On 6 June 2011 " Calgary " was turned over to Seaspan Marine Corporation ' s Victoria Shipyards , to start a 18 month mid - life upgrading and modernization . " Calgary " was returned to the RCN from Victoria Shipyards on 1 June 2012 to complete the upgrading and modernization and will return to active service sometime in 2013 . She is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific ( MARPAC ) and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt . Service . " Calgary " serves on MARPAC missions protecting Canada ' s sovereignty in the Pacific Ocean and enforcing Canadian laws in its territorial sea and Exclusive Economic Zone . Lineage - Calgary . First of Name Second of Name
HMS Cromer ( M103 ) HMS " Cromer " was a " Sandown " class minehunter commissioned by the Royal Navy in 1992 . She was named after the North Norfolk seaside town of the same name . HMS " Cromer " visited Dundee on November 6 – 9 , 1998 ( for a Dundee navy day and Armistice Day commemorations ) when she was accompanied by various warships from European countries including : Norwegian minelayer / command ship N 52 KNM " Vidar " , Norwegian minesweeper KNM " Maloy " , Dutch minesweeper M 860 Hr . Ms . " Schiedam " , Belgian minesweeper M 917 BNS " Crocus " , Type 23 frigate HMS " Montrose " and German minesweeper F45 FGS " Volkingen " . She was decommissioned in 2001 before being refitted for use as a training ship at the Britannia Royal Naval College at Dartmouth . In keeping with tradition , for this role the ship has been renamed " Hindostan " . As she is not a commissioned ship she is not prefixed " HMS " .
John Michael Bermingham John Michael Bermingham was born in New York City on July 5 , 1905 and graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy in 1929 . Naval career . During the 1930s , Bermingham served in many ships , including the battleships USS " Wyoming " , USS " Utah " , and the cruiser USS " Augusta " , as well as various shore stations . World War II . In 1940 , Bermingham was appointed executive officer of destroyer USS " Stewart " . At the outbreak of war with Japan , on December 7 , 1941 , Bermingham was on his way home for leave . During the first Japanese attack on Cavite , December 10 , the four - piper destroyer USS " Peary ' s " commanding officer , H . H . Keith , was wounded . Bermingham took command on December 11 , 1941 . The ship was assigned to offshore patrol and came under heavy air attack many times in the following days . Only brilliant seamanship during bombing and torpedo attacks 26 and December 27 saved her from destruction . Despite Japanese air superiority , Bermingham succeeded in bringing his ship to Darwin , Australia , to operate with ABDACOM naval forces attempting to hold the " Malay Barrier " . " Peary " operated with the cruiser USS " Houston " in early February . In mid - February , " Peary " was part of an unsuccessful attempt to resupply Allied forces under attack on Timor . She was anchored at Darwin when the Japanese attacked in a massive bombing raid on February 19 , 1942 . Bermingham got his ship underway and attempted to maneuver in the restricted waters ; but , despite valiant antiaircraft fire , his ship was hit with five bombs . Bermingham and about 80 of his crew went down with the ship . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his courage and leadership while commanding Peary during this crucial early period of the war .
A Bridge Too Far ( book ) A Bridge Too Far , a non - fiction book by Cornelius Ryan published in 1974 , tells the story of Operation Market Garden , a failed Allied attempt to break through German lines at Arnhem across the river Rhine in the occupied Netherlands during World War II in September 1944 . The title of the book comes from a comment made by British Lt . Gen . Frederick Browning , deputy commander of the First Allied Airborne Army , who told Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery before the operation , " I think we may be going a bridge too far . " Prior to Ryan ' s book , Market Garden had been a classic example of victors writing the history . Popular histories of World War II of the time usually tended to not mention the battle at all , mentioned it in passing or put Montgomery ' s spin on it as being a " partial success " . " A Bridge Too Far " was responsible for bringing to the general public ' s attention the full extent of this massive operation , including a catalogue of errors and miscalculations , whilst highlighting the extreme bravery of the participants . The book was also made into a 1977 film titled " A Bridge Too Far " , with an ensemble cast including Michael Caine , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , and Robert Redford .
Wolf pack Rossbach Rossbach was a wolfpack of German U - boat s that operated during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II . Service history . " Rossbach " was formed in October 1943 to operate against the North Atlantic convoy routes and comprised 21 boats . It consisted of 12 boats from the disbanded group " Leuthen " , plus 9 others from bases in France and Germany . Whilst forming , several boats from " Rossbach " were found and attacked by air patrols ; 4 were sunk ( " U - 221 " , " U - 279 " , " U - 389 " , and " U - 336 " ) and another 4 were damaged ( " U - 260 " , " U - 305 " , " U - 666 " and " U - 731 " ) , forcing them to return to base . A further 3 were damaged , but were able to continue , while 2 more boats arrived from base as re - inforcement . On 8 / 9 October 1943 " Rossbach " , attacked convoy SC 143 . They sank one ship of 5 , 612 GRT and one warship but lost 3 boats ( " U - 419 " , " U - 610 " and " U - 643 " ) in the engagement . " Rossbach " was disbanded following this attack ; the remaining boats formed the core of a new group , codenamed " Schlieffen " . The name . " Rossbach " was a reference to the battle of Rossbach fought by Frederick the Great during the Seven Years War .
USS Yosemite ( 1894 ) The second USS " Yosemite " was a steamer of the United States Navy that served briefly as a tender . Construction and early career . " Yosemite " was constructed as the merchant ship SS " Clearwater " in 1894 . Sometime during the latter half of 1899 , the United States Department of War acquired " Clearwater " for use as the United States Army Transport " Ingalls " . U . S . Navy career . On 23 December 1910 , the Department of War transferred " Ingalls " to the U . S . Navy . Renamed USS " Yosemite " , she was commissioned in reserve on 11 November 1911 at the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth , Virginia , with Ensign Alfred H . Miles – the lyricist of the United States Naval Academy fight song " Anchors Aweigh " – in command . Based at Norfolk , Virginia , " Yosemite " served the Navy only very briefly , working as tender to Submarine Division 3 of the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet . On 23 January 1912 , just over two months after her commissioning , " Yosemite " was decommissioned at Norfolk . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 1 March 1912 , and she was sold to the Boston Iron and Metal Works on 10 June 1912 for scrapping .
West Virginia Ordnance Works West Virginia Ordnance Works ( WVOW ) was a United States Army ammunition manufacturing facility constructed and operated during World War II . It was located north of Point Pleasant , West Virginia in Mason County encompassing . The US $ 45 million plant employed 3500 at its peak and operated from 1942 to 1945 . The site was disposed of following the war and land was utilized by creating a landfill , the McClintic Wildlife Management Area , the Mason County Airport and an industrial park among others . It was also around here that the first known sighting of the cryptid dubbed " Mothman " occurred in November , 1966 . Superfund . Around 1979 , fishermen in the Wildlife Management Area reported red water seepage at the site and beginning in 1981 , TNT , DNT and other residual contaminants from World War II operations were discovered . On September 8 , 1983 the site was listed on the National Priorities List ( NPL ) making it eligible for cleanup as part of the Superfund program . The site was West Virginia ' s " top priority " cleanup site and was among the national top ten most polluted sites . Portions of the site have been cleaned up or determined uncontaminated and were later removed from the list , but cleanup has not been completed as of 2007 . According to the FY2006 Defense Environmental Restoration Program Annual Report To Congress , remained on the NPL and US $ 71 . 4 million in cleanup funding had been appropriated . Estimated completion was FY2020 for an additional US $ 27 . 9 million .
Wilhelm T . Unge Baron Wilhelm Theodor Unge was a military engineer who invented a telemeter and various improvements to artillery . He was born in Stockholm , Sweden in 1845 . He worked with Alfred Nobel to improve the range and accuracy of Hale rockets , by using improved propellants and launching from cannons . It is possible that one of his rockets carried the Nobel camera that made the first aerial photograph from a rocket in April 1897 . After Nobel died in 1896 , Unge obtained patents for improved rockets with some sold to several countries . In 1908 he sold his patents to Friedrich Krupp .
Boris Siskov Boris Nikolayevich Siskov ( Boris N . Siskov ) was a MiG - 15 pilot of the Soviet Union . He was a flying ace during the Korean War , with around 11 victories . He was the final soviet ace of the war , scoring his fifth victory on July 20 , 1953 .
4713th Defense Systems Evaluation Squadron The 4713th Defense Systems Evaluation Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 21st Air Division , Aerospace Defense Command at Westover AFB , Massachusetts . It was inactivated on 15 April 1974 . History . Activated at Griffiss AFB , New York in 1954 , the mission of the squadron was to provide Electronic Counter - Measure ( ECM ) training and evaluation services to the various Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons . In order to provide the necessary training , the squadron was initially assigned T B - 29 Superfortress es , and some T B - 25 Mitchell s . The B - 29s and B - 25s contained an assortment of Radar jamming devices to provide the required ECM and a C - 47 was used as a support aircraft to ferry personnel and equipment . During the period that the 4713th operated these aircraft , they provided the operators radar squadrons with thousands of hours of ECM training . Effective 8 July 1958 , the ADC re - designated the unit as the 4713th Radar Evaluation Squadron ( ECM ) . By 1959 the World War II aircraft were very expensive to operate , needing excessive amounts of maintenance to remain airworthy and not supportable due to a lack of spare parts . ( Note : The last USAF B - 29 ( a TB - 29 radar evaluation aircraft , B - 29 - 15 - MO serial number 42 - 65234 ) was retired from the USAF inventory at 2010 hours on 21 June 1960 , when Major Clarence C . Rarick of the 6023d Radar Evaluation Squadron landed at Naha Air Base , Okinawa , bringing the era of B - 29 Superfortress military service to an end . ) The Martin B - 57 Canberra , originally developed as a medium bomber for Tactical Air Command was being phased out in favor of the F - 100 Super Sabre . Some of these B - 57s were reassigned to the squadron to replace the B - 29s and B - 25s . Also the squadron was moved to Stewart AFB , New York as Griffiss was being turned over to Strategic Air Command . In addition to the ECM training for Radar Sites , the B - 57s could operate at altitudes over 40 , 000 feet and train interceptor squadrons with exercises being carried out with F - 86D Sabre , F - 94C Starfire , and F - 89D Scorpion s . Later , the B - 57Es were adapted to electronic countermeasures and faker target aircraft against F - 102 and F - 106 interceptors . Following a new electronics fit in the 1960s , the B - 57Es were redesignated EB - 57E . These specially - equipped EB - 57Es were operated until 1974 when the squadron was inactivated as part of the phase - down of ADCOM .
James Allen ( Army engineer ) James Allen ( February 15 , 1806 – August 23 , 1846 ) was a U . S . Army officer who organized the Mormon Battalion and was commander of Fort Des Moines ( 1843 – 1846 ) , the fort from which the City of Des Moines grew . He was also in charge of improvements to the harbor of Chicago as well as producing maps of the U . S . frontier . Allen was born in Ohio . He graduated from West Point in 1829 . In 1832 , he accompanied Henry Schoolcraft on an expedition to the headwaters of the Mississippi River , which led to Allen producing the first accurate map showing the lakes and streams of the headwaters . In 1833 he was assigned to the First Regiment of Dragoons , where he served as an engineer in the exploration of the Indian country of the Southwest . Allen oversaw improvements to the harbor of Chicago in 1834 . In 1842 he was transferred to Iowa , taking charge of the Sac and Fox Agency ( " Fort Sanford " ) and then Fort Des Moines No . 2 . After Fort Des Moines No . 2 was abandoned in 1846 , it became the core of what is now the modern City of Des Moines . He was sent to Mt . Pisgah , Iowa , to a camp of homeless Latter - day Saints who had been driven from their homes by anti - Mormon mobs , to recruit a battalion of 500 men to fight in the Mexican - American War . Initially the Mormons were suspicious of him , but after he met with Mormon leader Brigham Young , Young fully endorsed the plan . Allen served as the commanding officer of the Battalion from the July 16 , 1846 until his death on August 23 , 1846 . He was the first officer buried at Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery .
Shield wall ( fortification ) A shield wall ( German " schildmauer " ) refers to the highest and strongest curtain wall , or tower of a castle that defends the only practicable line of approach to a castle built on a mountain , hill or headland . German sources may refer to a shield wall that protects two or more sides as a " Hoher Mantel " or " Mantelmauer " , which is variously translated as " mantle - wall " , " mantle wall " or " high screen - wall " . There is often no clear , definitive distinction between a shield wall and a mantle wall . Description . Shield walls are found on many German and Austrian hill castle s , but are not common in Britain or Ireland where the terrain of the rocky hills on which castles were build did not favour such constructions . However some British castles built on headlands such as Tantallon do have a similar feature . The construction of shield walls was common in the late 12th century in Germany and Austria and may have been a reaction to the increasing use of heavy siege engine s such as the trebuchet ( the height of the walls protecting the buildings beyond from arching fire ) . The thickness of a shield wall could , in extreme cases , be as much as 12 metres ( e . g . Neuscharfeneck Castle ) . Behind the battlements at the top of the wall there was usually an allure or wall walk ; the shield wall could also be flanked by two wall tower s . In many cases the shield wall replaced the bergfried , for example in the ruined castle of Sporkenburg in the Westerwald forest or the ruins of the Alt Eberstein near the city of Baden - Baden . In other cases , for example at Liebenzell Castle , the bergfried was built in the centre of the shield wall .
Beluga - class submarine Project 1710 Макрель ( NATO reporting name " Beluga " ) was a Russia n SSA diesel - electric submarine . It was an experimental vessel used for testing propulsion systems , hull forms , and boundary - layer control techniques . Development was undertaken by the Malakhit Design Bureau with construction at the Admiralty shipyard in St . Petersburg . The lone Beluga class submarine in operation was the S - 553 " Forel " . Launched in 1986 and moth - balled around 1998 , the last operation of the vessel is thought to have taken place in 1997 . As of the mid - 2000s , the entire project is believed to have been discontinued .
Forward surgical teams US Army forward surgical teams ( FST ) are small , mobile surgical units fielded since the 1990s . FSTs are utilized in a variety of ways , and can be attached to a Forward Support Medical Company ( FSMC ) , Area Support Medical Company ( ASMC ) , Brigade Medical Company also known as C - Med or in some cases stand alone ( with appropriate support ) to provide a surgical capability for those patients unable to survive MEDEVAC to a Role 2 or 3 ( hospital ) care . Surgeons perform hemorrhage control on combat casualties within the " golden hour " of injury . Casualties can then be packaged for medical evacuation to a higher level of care . The FST typically includes 20 staff members : 4 surgeons , 3 RN s , 2 certified registered nurse anesthetists ( CRNAs ) , 1 administrative officer , 1 detachment sergeant , 3 licensed practical nurses ( LPN ) ' s , 3 surgical tech s and 3 medic s . By doctrine , given in Field Manual 4 - 02 - 25 ( March 2003 ) and ARTEP 8 - 518 - 10 , the team is capable of continuous operations with a divisional or non - divisional medical company for up to 72 hours with a planned caseload of 30 critical patients . The FST can sustain surgery for 24 total operating table hours and has the ability to separate into two teams that function independently . A functional operating room can be established within one hour of being on scene and break down to move to a new location within two hours of ceasing operations . FSTs are currently deployed in both Afghanistan and Iraq . Organization . The forward surgical team is organized into four functional areas : Equipment . The unit ' s equipment and supplies are packed into six Humvee s with trailers . The unit can be slingloaded onto cargo helicopters and moved by the headquarters unit . Also there currently are 6 airborne - capable FSTs in the Army today ( 4 stationed at Ft . Bragg NC , 1 in Germany and 1 in Alaska ) .
John Thornton Down John Thornton Down VC ( 2 March 1842 – 27 April 1866 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Down was 21 years old , and an ensign in the 57th Regiment of Foot ( later The Middlesex Regiment ) , British Army during the Second Taranaki War ( one of the campaigns in the New Zealand Wars ) , when the following deed took place on 2 October 1863 at Poutoko , New Zealand for which he and Drummer Dudley Stagpoole were awarded the VC : Down died of fever at Camp Otahuhu , New Zealand on 27 April 1866 . His grave in Otahuhu ( Holy Trinity ) Churchyard is maintained by the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage .
Cascan In fortification , cascans , or cascanes , are holes , or cavities in the form of wells , made in the terreplein , near a rampart ; from which a gallery , dug in a similar manner underground , is conveyed , to give air to the enemy ' s mine .
HMS Gainsborough ( 1918 ) HMS " Gainsborough " was a Hunt class minesweeper of the Royal Navy ordered towards the end of the First World War . She was initially built as HMS " Gorleston " , but renamed after the fox hunt of Gainsborough , Lincolnshire before her launch . She was sold in June 1928 .