naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Areus I Areus I ( Αρεύς Α΄ ) ( died 265 BC ) was Agiad King of Sparta from 309 to 265 BC , who died in battle near Corinth during the Chremonidean War . He was the grandson of Cleomenes II and was succeeded by his son Acrotatus II . Military Success . In 272 BC Areus I successfully repelled Pyrrhus of Epirus from Laconia . In 272 BC Pyrrhus of Epirus with 25 , 000 foot soldiers , 2 , 000 cavalry , and 24 elephants marched into Laconia on the false pretense of “ set [ ting ] free the cities which were subject to Antigonus ” and “ to send his younger sons to Sparta , if nothing prevented , to be brought up in the Lacedaemonian customs ” . While Areus was in Crete to support Gortys in its war against Knossos , Pyrrhus set siege to Sparta . The men and women of Sparta dug a trench around the city to defend themselves against Pyrrhus ' forces . After a day of fighting , the Spartans managed to hold back Pyrrhus from the large moat around the city . By the end of the second day of fighting , Areus had returned from Crete to Sparta with 2 , 000 soldiers , along with aid from Corinth which had just arrived . Areus in the Maccabees . ( Authorized King James Version 1 . 12 . 20 ) Three letters in the first book constitute the Jewish appeal of a Spartan affiliation . They are reproduced in a variant form by Josephus . References . Plutarch " Lives : Pyrrhus " xxvi - xxix
Lev Rokhlin Lev Yakovlevich Rokhlin ( ; 1947 - 1998 ) was a career officer in the Soviet and Russia n armies . Rokhlin have reached the top of the Russian military , quickly rose through the ranks during and after the Soviet war in Afghanistan . In November 1988 Rokhlin became the commander of the 75th Motor Rifle Division of the 7th Guards Army in Nakhchivan . In early 1990 the division was transferred to the Soviet Border Troops of the KGB , and Rokhlin was promoted to major - general in February of the same year . In 1993 , he became the head of Russia ' s 8th Guard Corps at Volgograd ( former Stalingrad ) , at the rank of lieutenant general , as the only Jew to reach such a rank in Russia since World War II . During the First Chechen War , Rokhlin was credited with reorganizing the Russian forces in Chechnya and finally taking the Chechen capital of Grozny in 1995 . Frustrated with the bloodshed , he left the army a few weeks later . He then refused to accept the state ' s highest medal and title of Hero of the Russian Federation for leading the Grozny offensive , saying he saw " nothing glorious " in it . Following his retirement in 1995 , Rokhlin was elected to the Russian parliament Duma ( as a member of a pro - Boris Yeltsin party Our Home – Russia , which he later quit ) . Rokhlin chaired Duma ' s Defense Committee until President Yeltsin went into a rare agreement with the Communist Party to strip him out of the post . In 1997 , Rokhlin formed his own movement called In Defense of the Army , which blamed Yeltsin for the war in Chechnya and for low morale in the military , unsuccessfully seeking to organize the serving and retired servicemen into a political force that could force Yeltsin from office . On July 4 , 1998 , few months after he tried to stage an anti - government mass protest of army servicemen , Lev Rokhlin was killed in his bed by a gunshot to the head . Rokhlin ' s wife Tamara , who at first had briefly confessed to the killing " due to a hostile relationship " , was convicted by the Russian court for her husband ' s murder in 2005 , but she continued to insist he was killed by a group of masked men who broke into their home . According to Alexander Litvinenko , a former KGB and FSB general Anatoly Trofimov ( himself shot dead in 2005 ) told him that the murder appeared to be organized by Russian secret services .
The 25 Year War : America ' s Military Role in Vietnam The 25 Year War : America ' s Military Role in Vietnam ( ISBN 978 - 0813190365 ) is a book by General Bruce Palmer , Jr . about the Vietnam War , and was published in 1984 . The book is split into two parts , the first which follows chronologically the events leading to the fall of Saigon in 1975 and mentions Palmer ' s position in those events . The second part is called ' Assessment ' and more broadly calls out what was done right and wrong and also offers an alternate role the US could have played in the conflict : Palmer is critical of covert operations : War involves fighting by the armed forces in overt operations under rules laid down by the Geneva Convention and acceded to by most civilized nations . To place our uniformed military personnel in any other position is gross breach of trust on the part of their government . War must be perceived as legitimate in the eyes of the people and of the warriors entrusted to do the fighting . For these same reasons I have always firmly opposed employing U . S . military personnel in covert operations which the government can credibly deny . Although Palmer is at times in agreement with the purpose of the operations carried out in secret , such as incursions into Laos or Cambodia , he disagrees strongly with the deception involved . Palmer saw Schlesingers ' s warnings to the military about observing the proper chain of command following the resignation of Nixon as being disrespectful to the integrity of the US military .
Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Logistics ) Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Energy ) ( abbreviated SAF / IE ) is the title of a civilian office in the United States Department of the Air Force . Along with the three other Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force , the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Environment ) assists the United States Secretary of the Air Force and the United States Under Secretary of the Air Force . By law , the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Energy ) is appointed by the President of the United States " from civilian life with the advice and consent of the United States Senate . " Unlike the other Assistant Secretaries , whose duties are statutorily defined , the office of Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Energy ) evolved to meet the needs of the United States Air Force as determined by the Secretary of the Air Force . The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Energy ) is primarily tasked with all United States Air Force installations . This includes responsibility for all installations , environment , & energy required to keep the United States Air Force in a state of readiness , occupational safety and health on Air Force installations , and environmental issues related to maintaining the Air Force ' s fleet and installations . The principal subordinate of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Energy ) is the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations , Environment & Energy ) . Other major subordinates include the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Installations ) , the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Environment , Safety and Occupational Health ) , and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force ( Operational Energy ) .
John Gingell Air Chief Marshal Sir John Gingell , GBE , KCB , KCVO , RAF ( 3 February 1925 – 10 December 2009 ) was a senior Royal Air Force commander . Military career . Educated at St Boniface ' s Catholic College in Plymouth , Gingel was commissioned into the RAFVR in April 1945 . A few months later he transferred into the RNVR , serving in the Fleet Air Arm . In 1951 he returned to the Royal Air Force was posted to flying duties on No . 58 Squadron . In 1963 he was appointed Officer Commanding No . 27 Squadron flying Vulcan B2 s equipped with Blue Steel missiles and in 1966 he became Deputy Director of the Defence Operations Staff at the Ministry of Defence . He went on to be Military Assistant to Chairman of the Military Committee at NATO Headquarters in 1968 , Air Officer Administration at Headquarters RAF Germany in 1970 and Air Officer Commanding No . 23 Group in 1974 . After that he became Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff ( Policy ) in 1975 , Air Member for Personnel in 1978 and Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at RAF Support Command in 1980 . His last appointment was as Deputy Commander - in - Chief Allied Forces Central Europe in 1981 before he retired in 1984 . In retirement Gingell served as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod in the Houses of Parliament until 1992 . Family . In 1949 he married Prudence Johnson ; they had two sons and a daughter .
Anne Chamberlyne Ann Chamberlyne was a female tar ( sailor ) who joined her brother ' s ship ' s crew in 1690 and fought the French at Beachy Head . A plaque in her memory at All Saints Church Cheyne Walk in London used to exist , but it was destroyed in World War II during a bombing raid . The plaque stated : She is the first known female tar in British history .
Sukotjo Sukotjo Tjokroatmodjo ( also spelled Soekotjo ) ( born 18 December 1927 in Kertosono ) is an Indonesia n historian , civil servant and retired Major general . He saw combat in the Indonesian War of Independence of 1945 - 1949 . He later became assistant for international co - operation to the Minister of Defence , serving between 1978 - 1984 . He currently is one of the vice - chairman of Indonesia ' s veteran association , Legiun Veteran Republik Indonesia . Indonesian War of Independence and military career . Sukotjo was born on 18 December 1927 in Kertosono , Java . After the surrender of Japanese forces in Indonesia in 1945 Sukotjo obtained one of the rifles the Japanese left behind . " At the moment I just started fighting " he has said about the start of his involvement in the war . On 9 August 1947 he finished his training as an officer at the rank of vaandrig ( officer cadet ) . At that point he joined the bodyguard of Soekarno and was with him during his surrender at Yogyakarta . In 1952 Sukotjo had reached the rank of Lieutenant . He retired from the military at the rank of Major general . Civil service . He later became assistant for international co - operation to the Minister of Defence , serving between 1978 - 1984 . He then went on to become an inspector - general in the Department of Education , working there between 1984 - 1987 . Later life . In 1999 Sukotjo opposed the deployment of Australian troops during at the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor after the Indonesian occupation of East Timor . He saw it as a decline in the Australian - Indonesian relations . In 2010 Sukotjo was one of the historians doubting the influence of former Indonesian president Suharto during the 1 March 1949 offensive on Yogyakarta . History books had claimed that Lieutenant colonel Suharto was the instigator of the attack , dubbed " General Offensive " , but Sukotjo disagreed . Sukotjo claimed that Colonel Bambang Sugeng , the commander of the Army Division III was the main plotter . He , alongside other historians asked for the Ministries of Defence and Education to rewrite the history books . In a September 2013 interview with a Nederlandse Omroep Stichting reporter Sukotjo asked the Dutch government to acknowledge the 17 August 1945 proclamation of Indonesian Independence , as the Dutch government still only acknowledges the 17 August proclamation de facto . He currently is one of the vice - chairman of Indonesia ' s veteran association , Legiun Veteran Republik Indonesia . Personal life . He married in 1953 and has three children . Sukotjo speaks Dutch fluently .
177th Battalion ( Simcoe Foresters ) , CEF The 177th ( Simcoe Foresters ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force raised during the First World War by the 35th Simcoe Foresters . Based in Barrie , Ontario and later at Camp Borden , the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915 / 16 in Simcoe County , Ontario . The battalion arrived at Camp Borden on 3 July 1916 where it trained until sailing to England in May 1917 , when it was absorbed into the 3rd Reserve Battalion on May 14 , 1917 . The 177th ( Simcoe Foresters ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . J . B . McPhee , and is perpetuated by The Grey and Simcoe Foresters . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 . Chajkowsky , William E . " The History of Camp Borden , 1916 - 1918 , Land of Sand , Sin and Sorrow . " Vineland : Station Press , 1983 . Fisher , Major J . R . and Captain E . J . Fuller . " The Grey and Simcoe Foresters , A Concise Regimental History . " Barrie : The Grey and Simcoe Foresters , 2008 ISBN 0 - 9683546 - 1 - 0 Frost , Honourable Leslie . " Fighting Men " Toronto : Clarke , Irwin , 1967 Rutherford , Brigadier Tom , ed . " An Unofficial History of The Grey and Simcoe Foresters Regiment 1866 to 1973 . " Owen Sound : The Grey and Simcoe Foresters , 1973 Telford , Major Murray M . " Scarlet to Green , the colours , uniforms and insignia of The Grey and Simcoe Foresters . " Erin : The Boston Mills Press , 1987 ISBN 0 - 919783 - 82 - 1
Jagdstaffel 14 Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 14 was a World War I " hunting group " ( i . e . , fighter squadron ) of the " Luftstreitkräfte " , which was the forerunner to the Luftwaffe . As one of the original German fighter squadrons , the unit would score 57 aerial victories ( including five wins over enemy observation balloons ) during the war . In turn , the " jasta " paid a price of eight killed in action , five wounded in action , and three taken prisoner of war . History . Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 14 was formed from a preceding ad hoc unit , Fokkerstaffel Falkenhausen , on 28 September 1916 . It came into existence in the " Armee - Abteilung " A Sector . It served through war ' s end , before being disbanded as part of Germany ' s defeat . " Staffelführer " ( Commanding Officers ) . 1 Hauptmann Kreig : 28 September 1916 - 14 October 1916 2 Rudolf Berthold : 14 October 1916 - WIA 12 August 1917 3 Leutnant Walter Höhndorf : 12 August 1917 - KIA 5 September 1917 4 Hans Werner : 5 September 1917 - 11 November 1918 Aerodromes . 1 Bühl , Saarburg : 28 September 1916 - 14 October 1916 2 Marchais , France : 14 October 1916 - 27 April 1917 3 La Neuville : 27 April 1917 - May 1917 4 Marchais : May 1917 - 5 November 1917 5 Boncourt : 5 November 1917 - 5 January 1918 6 Liesse : 5 January 1918 - 19 March 1918 7 Masny : 19 March 1918 - 11 April 1918 8 Phalempin : 11 April 1918 - 3 October 1918 9 Aertrycke : 3 October 1918 - 11 November 1918 Notable members . " Staffelführer " Rudolph Berthold was one of Germany ' s leading aces of World War I , being in a tie for seventh place ; he was awarded the Pour le Merite , Military Order of Saint Henry , and Iron Cross . Not far behind Berthold ' s 44 victories was Josef Veltjens , winner of 35 aerial duels , recipient of the Pour le Merite , Royal House Order of Hohenzollern , and Iron Cross . Paul Rothe won an Iron Cross as the squadron ' s preeminent balloon buster . Other squadron aces were Johannes Werner , Hans Bowski , and Herbert Boy . Aircraft . Original equipment supplied the squadron upon its inception was seven Fokker biplanes , two Fokker Eindekker monoplanes , and one Halberstadt biplane . Eventually , the unit would be one of only three squadrons operating independently of a wing that would be totally equipped with Fokker Dr . I s . Squadron marking was a black and white band running the length of a squadron plane ' s fuselage . Operations . When founded , Jasta 14 was in the " Armee - Abteilung " A Sector . When Germany ' s last great offensive kicked off on 21 March 1918 , the squadron was supporting 17th Armee . In May 1918 , the unit was switched to support of 6th Armee . They were transferred to help 4th Armee in September 1918 . References . " Above the Lines : The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service , Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps , 1914 - 1918 " . Norman L . R . Franks , Frank W . Bailey , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1993 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 73 - 9 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 73 - 1 .
Jonathan Haraden Jonathan Haraden ( November 11 , 1744 – November 23 , 1803 ) was a privateer during the American Revolution . Biography . Born in Gloucester , Massachusetts , Haraden joined the Massachusetts State Navy in July 1776 as First Lieutenant of the sloop - of - war " Tyrannicide " , fourteen guns . On board for two years , he captured many prizes , becoming her commander in 1777 . In 1778 , Haraden began his career as a privateersman , commanding the " General Pickering " , sloop of fourteen guns . On October 13 , 1779 , he engaged three British privateers off New Jersey simultaneously and captured a twenty - two gun sloop in the Bay of Biscay . When the larger British privateer , " Achilles " of forty guns , attempted to recapture the sloop a few days later , Haraden forced it to disengage after three hours ' action at close quarters . In 1781 , he was briefly captured by Admiral George Rodney in the West Indies , but escaped . Haraden sailed privateer " Julius Caesar " in 1782 . After the War of Independence , Haraden ' s health deteriorated steadily . He died in Salem , Massachusetts in 1803 .
USS Buckeye ( AN - 13 ) USS " Buckeye " ( AN - 13 / YN - 8 ) was an " Aloe " - class net laying ship which was assigned to serve the U . S . Navy during World War II with her protective anti - submarine nets . Built in Portland , Oregon . " Buckeye " ( YN - 8 ) was laid down on 17 March 1941 at Portland , Oregon , by the Commercial Iron Works ; launched on 26 July 1941 ; sponsored by Miss Sara Ann Tefler ; and placed in service on 5 September 1941 , Lt . Elias Johnson , USNR , in charge . World War II service . North Pacific operations . After fitting out at the Puget Sound Navy Yard , " Buckeye " began duty in the 13th Naval District . She tended nets there until the fall of 1942 . At that time , the ship was transferred to the Alaska Sector based at Dutch Harbor . While stationed there , she was placed in full commission on 26 December 1942 , Lt . Comdr . Elias Johnson , USNR , in command . She continued to tend nets and buoys in the Aleutian Islands , first at Dutch Harbor and , after May 1943 , at recently captured Attu . On 1 January 1944 , " Buckeye " was re - designated " AN 13 " . During the summer of 1944 , the net layer received orders to Seattle , Washington , for an overhaul that she completed between 24 July and 11 September . West Pacific operations . Following a round - trip voyage from the U . S . West Coast to Hawaii and back , " Buckeye " was stationed at the Naval Net Depot at Tiburon , California , near San Francisco , California , as ready duty ship and standby vessel for emergency repairs . That duty lasted until 27 January 1945 when she was transferred to Service Squadron ( ServRon ) 6 of the U . S . 7th Fleet . During February and March , the net layer stopped at Pearl Harbor , Funafuti in the Ellice Islands , Manus in the Admiralty Islands , and Hollandia on New Guinea before arriving in the Philippines in April . Initially , she served in Leyte Gulf but , later that summer moved to Luzon where she operated in Manila Bay and Subic Bay . Post - war activity . " Buckeye " spent the remainder of her active career at Luzon . On 17 July 1946 , the ship went aground in Subic Bay . With the assistance of , she was refloated on 29 July and was towed to Alava Dock for repairs . Post - war inactivation . She was still undergoing repairs at the end of 1946 and , apparently , they were never completed . She went out of commission at Subic on 4 March 1947 . Later transferred to the Pacific Reserve Fleet group berthed at San Diego , California , she remained there until 1963 when she was turned over to the U . S . Maritime Administration for lay up in Suisun Bay , California Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 July 1963 . She remained at the Suisun Bay facility until 5 May 1976 at which time she was reacquired by the Navy for use as a salvage training hulk . Her status was unknown .
Philippine Division Philippine Division , or from 1944 – 45 the 12th Infantry Division , was the core U . S . Infantry Division of the United States Army ' s Philippine Department during World War II . On 31 July 1941 , the division consisted of 10 , 473 troops , mostly enlisted Filipinos , known as the Philippine Scouts . All of the division ' s enlisted men , with the exception of the 31st Infantry Regiment , and various military police and headquarters troops , were Philippine Scouts . In October 1941 , as part of the U . S . Army Forces Far East , plans were made to " triangularize " the division . The 34th Infantry was detached from the 8th Infantry Division and moved to a port of embarkation in December 1941 , along with two battalions of 105mm field artillery . The Philippine Division was to have two complete U . S . regimental combat team s in place by January 1942 to provide General Douglas MacArthur with a modern , trained mobile reaction force , while freeing up Philippine Scouts for rounding out other units . The outbreak of war in December 1941 , however , isolated the Philippines and prevented implementation of the plan . It was briefly reconstituted as the 12th Infantry Division in 1944 – 45 . Miscellaneous . The Regimental Colors of the 12th Quartermaster Regiment ( PS ) were given to an Army nurse ( one of the " Angels of Bataan and Corregidor " ) by the Regimental Commander . Upon her capture she told the Japanese that they were " only a shawl " and kept them safe throughout more than three years of captivity . Today , the colors are on display at the U . S . Army Quartermaster Museum , Fort Lee , Virginia .
Army Times Army Times ( ISSN 0004 - 2595 ) is a weekly newspaper serving active , reserve , guard and retired United States Army personnel and their families , providing news , information and analysis as well as community and lifestyle features , educational supplements , and resource guides . " Army Times " is published by the Gannett Government Media Corporation , which is a part of Gannett Company ( NYSE : GCI ) . Gannett Government Media Corporation , formerly known as Army Times Publishing Company , was purchased by Gannett in 1997 from the Times Journal Company . Military Times newspapers are the most purchased publications in AAFES shops and defense commissaries , beating such national bestsellers as " People " and " Time " . History . " Army Times " founder Mel Ryder , began his newspaper career on the staff of " Stars and Stripes " selling and delivering papers to the troops on the front lines during WWI . In 1921 he joined Willard Kiplinger in forming the newsletter service , the Kiplinger Agency . He sold his interest in the agency in 1933 and began publishing " Happy Days " , a paper written for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps . His first order was for 400 copies and the first advertiser was GEICO . Next , Ryder started the publication of " Army Times " . The first issue was published in 1940 and the company was incorporated the same year . In 2006 , the publication published an editorial calling for the resignation of Donald Rumsfeld . Military Times Service Member of the Year . Each year Military Times honors an " Everyday Hero " . Someone with whom you are proud to serve . Someone whose dedication , professionalism and concern for fellow service members and community set a standard for all of us . There is a Marine of the year , Soldier of the year , Sailor of the year , Airman of the year and Coast Guardsman of the year . Each service member is nominated by their peers for Military Times selection . The winners are honored at a formal ceremony on Capitol Hill , in Washington , D . C .