naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Committee of Independent Georgia The Committee of Independent Georgia ( ) also known as the Georgian Committee was a political organization formed in 1914 by Georgian émigrés and students in Germany during World War I . It aimed at ousting the Imperial Russia n rule in Georgia and reasserting the country ’ s independence under the German protectorate . The Committee was chaired by Petre Surguladse ; other members included Prince Georges Matchabelli , Mikheil Tsereteli ( a notable scholar who had abandoned Kropotkin ite Anarchism in favor of Georgian nationalism ) , Leo and Giorgi Kereselidze , and the Muslim Georgian Osman Bey ( Meliton ) Kartsivadze . The Committee also established branches in Austro - Hungary and Ottoman Turkey . During the Caucasus Campaign of 1916 - 7 , the Committee was headquartered in Samsun , and later in Kerasunt . From there , the organization attempted to establish contacts with the opposition in Georgia . A leading political party , the Social Democrats ( Mensheviks ) , maintained neutrality and did not engage in antiwar activity . Their expressed Russian orientation convinced the authorities to allow them to operate freely in the Caucasus and thus the Mensheviks were reluctant to collaborate with the Committee which advocated a break with Russia and an independent Georgian state . Landed from a German submarine " SM UB - 42 " , Mikheil Tsereteli himself made a secret trip to Georgia and met with the Menshevik leader Noe Zhordania at Kutaisi , urging him to consider a pro - German orientation , but , at that time , Zhordania considered any confrontation with the Tsarist administration political suicide and Tsereteli ’ s mission ended unsuccessfully . Yet , the Committee and its supporters , although not very numerous , represented quite a serious problem for the government especially after it established the Georgian volunteer unit , Georgian Legion , as part of the German Caucasus Expedition . Although the movement continued to be backed by Germany , its relations with the Ottoman government became extremely strained . As a result , the Georgian Legion was officially disbanded in April 1917 . Both the Committee ’ s and the Legion ’ s members returned to Georgia after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and joined the independence movement that concluded with the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia on May 26 , 1918 .
Armia Krajowa Cross Armia Krajowa Cross ( Home Army Cross ; ) is a Polish military decoration that was introduced by General Tadeusz Bór - Komorowski on 1 August 1966 to commemorate the efforts of the soldiers of the Polish Secret State between 1939 and 1945 . The decoration was awarded to soldiers of the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa ) and of its predecessor organizations ( Służba Zwycięstwu Polski , Związek Walki Zbrojnej ) . The first recipient ( posthumous ) was General Stefan " Grot " – Rowecki . The award was supported by the Polish government in exile in London and was not recognized by the People ' s Republic of Poland , which viewed members of mostly anti - communist Armia Krajowa as enemies of the state . After the fall of communism , in 1992 it was recognized by the government of Poland and was awarded by the president of Poland until 8 May 1999 .
7th Armoured Division ( France ) The 7th Armoured Division ( ) was an armoured division of the French Army . The division was active during the Cold War and some time after the fall of the Berlin Wall , before being disbanded . Its traditions were carried on by the 7th Armoured Brigade . History . The division was created in 1955 as the " 7 Division Mecanique Rapide " ( 7th Fast Mechanised Division ) , commanded by General François Huet and based in Germany . It was an experimental formation of the French Army and served to test of new structures and tactics for the expected nuclear battlefield and also new weapons , being the first large unit equipped with the new , light - weight Panhard EBR armoured cars and AMX - 13 tanks . In early 1956 the division was transferred to French North Africa , where its soldiers served as infantry supporting French operations in the Algerian War . In late 1956 the division was hurriedly reunited with its tanks and armoured cars to take part in Operation Musketeer , the invasion of Egypt by Franco - British forces . It then returned to Algeria where it remained until 1961 . The division was transferred to Metropolitan France , with its headquarters at Besançon , forming part of I Corps . The division was renamed , becoming the " 7 Division Légère Blindée " ( 7th Light Armoured Division ) . It became simply the " 7 Division Blindée " ( 7th Armoured Division ) in 1963 when the 8th Motorised Infantry Brigade joined the division . In the 1970s the French Army returned to the idea of smaller , more flexible divisions , the idea which had originally led to the creation of the division . It was selected to test the new ideas , and its 7th Mechanised Brigade did much of the experimental work . With the adoption of the new divisional structure in 1977 , the 7th Armoured Division was dissolved and the new 7th Armoured , as well as the 4th Armoured and 8th Infantry Division s , was created from the remains . The new division continued to be based at Besançon . It was later reassigned from I Corps , at Metz to III Corps at Lille . It too was reorganised on 1 July 1999 , as part of the changes which followed the end of the Cold War and the professionalisation of the French Army , to create the new 7th Armoured Brigade which carries on the traditions of the 7th Armoured . Composition . 1963 to 1977 . As 7 Brigade Mécanisé of 7 Division Blindée 1977 to 1999 . As 7 Division Blindée
USS Needlefish ( SS - 379 ) USS " Needlefish " ( SS - 379 ) would have been a " Balao " - class submarine , the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the needlefish , any of a family of voracious elongate teleost fishes resembling , but not related to , the fresh water gar s . The name " Needlefish " was assigned to the submarine SS – 379 on 23 August 1942 , but construction was cancelled on 29 July 1944 , before she was laid down .
Avon - class destroyer " Avon " - class destroyer was a class of three destroyer s that served in the Royal Navy . These three funnelled 30 knot vessels were redesignated C - class destroyers in the reorganisation of 1913 . The three ships , " Avon " , " Bittern " and " Otter " , were built by Vickers at Barrow , were 210 feet long and their Normand boiler s produced 6 , 300 HP and 30 knots . They were armed with the standard twelve pounder and two torpedo tubes . They carried a complement of 63 officers and men .
10th Continental Regiment The 10th Continental Regiment was a unit of the Connecticut Line in the 1776 establishment of the Continental Army . It began as Parson ' s Connecticut Regiment ( also known as the 6th Connecticut Provincial Regiment ) , which was part of the 1775 establishment , and was commanded by Colonel Samuel Holden Parsons until his promotion to brigadier general . It was first active during the Siege of Boston , and then in preparing the defenses of New York City . After Parsons was promoted in August 1776 , command came to John Tyler , who was promoted to colonel at that time . The regiment fought in the Battle of Long Island , and was part of the panicked retreat after the British landing on Manhattan . Although the regiment was present with the army at White Plains , New York in October 1776 , it did not participated in the battle fought there . The regiment was then placed on guard duty at Peekskill , New York , where it remained until it was disbanded at the end of the year .
Jungjang Jungjang is the South Korean equivalent of a lieutenant general . It outranks the " sojang " , equivalent to a major general . The rank is also held by Korean vice admiral s and uses three stars as its badge of rank , much like the United States version . In North Korea , the same name is romanized as chungjang . Although still translatable as " lieutenant general " , a North Korean " chungjang " is only the equivalent of a two - star general , since North Korea does not maintain a rank of brigadier general . The North Korean equivalent of a three - star general is " sangjang " , translated as " colonel general " .
Alfred Jansa Feldmarschalleutnant Alfred Johann Theophil Jansa von Tannenau , ( born July 16 , 1884 , Stanislawow - December 20 , 1963 , Vienna ) was an Austrian Army Officer . During World War I he held different positions on the Serbian , Italian and Russian fronts , to include being Austrian liaison officer to the Bulgarian Army ( 1915 – 1916 ) . In 1930 he was the Commander of the Niederösterreich Brigade , until 1933 , when he was appointed the Austrian Military attaché in Berlin . Afterwards he was made Chief of Staff of the Austrian Army in 1936 . Prior to the Anschluss Jansa and his staff had developed a scenario for Austria ' s defence against a German attack . Chancellor of Austria Schuschnigg was under considerable pressure from Germany , to include the demand to remove Jansa from his office . The Berchtesgaden agreement ( February 12 , 1938 ) stipulated in paragraph 8 , that Jansa should be replaced with Franz Böhme . Jansa retired from the army on February 17 , 1938 . His father , Emanuel Jansa , was an Oberst in the Austro - Hungarian Army ; his mother was Anna von Meyer . He married Judith Reviczky von Revisnye , on April 8 , 1919 .
Battle of Seedaseer The Battle of Seedaseer was a battle of the Fourth Anglo - Mysore War on 6 March 1799 at Seedaseer ( near present - day Siddapura , Karnataka ) , a hill and pass on the border of the Coorg and Mysore country seven miles from Piriyapatna and with a view almost as far as Seringapatam . A British force of 2 , 000 was surrounded by around 12 , 000 men of Tipu Sultan ' s forces . The latter were held off , albeit with heavy losses , until the arrival of reinforcements . Battle . Lieutenant - General James Stuart and the Bombay Army of 6 , 500 under his command advanced from Cannanore , aiming to cross the Western Ghats and converge at Seringapatam with the larger Madras Army advancing from the east . He then took up a defensive position on the Anglo - Mysore frontier to await further orders from General Harris , placing his right brigade in an advanced position at Seedaseer on 2 March so as to better receive Harris ' s orders . This was under Lieutenant - Colonel Montressor and was made up of what are now the 1st and 2nd Maratha Light Infantry battalions and the now - defunct 1st Bombay Pioneers . He kept his other 2 brigades , the main body of his force , at Siddapura and Ahmootenaar 8 to 12 miles from Seedaseer . Receiving news of a possible Mysorean march Stuart reinforced the advanced position with one more battalion of sepoys . This advance was Tipu ' s main force moving to destroy the Bombay Army ( whilst a small Mysorean force held off the Madras Army ) , and reached Seedaseer at 9am on 6 March 1799 . Stuart led the Left Brigade there as reinforcements by 2pm , forcing Tipu to withdraw . The place where this battle took place was in the jagir of Nawab Subhan Khan , father of Nawab Qutub Ali Khan . This place was taken over by Government of India after Police action in 1948 . Estimation . The Governor - General wrote in his despatches to the British East India Company ' s directors " I am confident that your most honourable Court will be of the opinion that the conduct and success of the Army of Bombay on that day [ at Seedaseer ] has seldom been equalled and never surpassed . " , and the battle ' s anniversary has been celebrated annually ever since as " Seedaseer Day " with regimental sports and , in the case of the 2nd Battalion , with a pageant of episodes during the battle in replicas of the 1799 uniforms .
Governor - General ' s Flight RAAF The Governor - General ' s Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force transport unit . The Governor - General ' s Flight was formed at RAAF Station Canberra on 4 April 1945 . The unit was equipped with an Avro York named ' Endeavour ' , an Avro Anson and a Percival Proctor . Although the Flight initially only provided transport for the Governor - General of Australia its role was later expanded to include carrying the Prime Minister and other dignitaries . The Governor - General ' s Flight was disbanded on 10 July 1947 and No . 1 Communication Unit assumed responsibility for VIP transport . The Flight was re - raised on 1 July 1948 equipped with a B - 24 Liberator and a Dakota . The Flight was disbanded for a second and final time on 1 October 1950 with the VIP transport role being transferred to No . 36 Squadron .
John C . Breckinridge Memorial John C . Breckinridge Memorial , on the courthouse lawn of Lexington , Kentucky , was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17 , 1997 , as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS . It commemorates John C . Breckinridge , who had been born and died in Lexington . He was Vice President for James Buchanan and ran against Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1860 , winning nine Southern states . He served in the Confederate Army , and was the last Secretary of War for the Confederacy , fleeing the county after the South lost . The memorial was done by New York ' s Henry - Bonnard Bronze Company . The pedestal is made of granite , with the statue done in bronze . Breckinridge is seen standing contraposto The state government of Kentucky funded the construction of the monument . Breckinridge ' s memorial was made 24 years before the John Hunt Morgan Memorial , also on the courthouse lawn and part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS . The Fayette County Courthouse has been moved , the building now serves as the Lexington History Museum .
Bruno Freiherr von Brackel Dr . jur . Bruno Franz Arnold Anton Freiherr von Brackel ( 20 December 1911 – 13 August 1941 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Bruno Freiherr von Brackel was killed on 13 August 1941 , near Korsun - Shevchenkivskyi , Ukraine . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 August 1941 and was later promoted to Hauptmann .
Soviet helicopter carrier Leningrad Leningrad was the second of two " Moskva " class helicopter carrier s in service with the Soviet Navy . Laid down at Nikolayev South ( Shipyard No . 444 ) , " Leningrad " was commissioned in late 1968 . Preceded by " Moskva " , there were no further vessels built , reportedly due to the poor handling of the ships in rough seas . She was conventionally powered . The " Moskva " s were not true " aircraft carriers " in that they did not carry any fixed - wing aircraft ; the air wing was composed entirely of helicopter s . They were designed primarily as anti - submarine warfare ( ASW ) vessels , and her weapons and sensor suite was optimized against the nuclear submarine threat . Shipboard ASW armament included a twin SUW - N - 1 launcher capable of delivering a FRAS - 1 projectile carrying a 450 mm torpedo ( or a 5 kiloton nuclear warhead ) ; a pair of RBU - 6000 ASW mortars ; and a set of torpedo tubes . For self - defense , the Moskvas had two twin SA - N - 3 SAM launchers with reloads for a total of 48 surface - to - air missiles , along with two twin 57 mm / 80 guns . A " Mare Tail " variable depth sonar worked in conjunction with heliborne sensors to hunt submarines . Their strategic role was to defend the Soviet ballistic missile submarine bastions against incursions by Western attack submarines , forming the flagships of an ASW task force .
Hærens Jegerkommando Hærens Jegerkommando is a special forces unit of the Norwegian military . It is the armed force s competence centre for commando , airborne and counter terrorist duty in the Norwegian Army . Its headquarters are located 30 kilometres north of Elverum in the southeast of Norway , at " Rena leir " military base . Etymology . " Hærens Jegerkommando " directly translated to English means : English translations of the unit ' s name , include : History . Name changes . The unit was established as " Hærens Fallskjermjegerskole " in 1962 . It was renamed " Hærens Jegerskole " in 1968 , and its location was Trandum ( near Jessheim ) . The unit ' s current name was decided in 1997 . Headquarters . Headquarters are at " Rena leir " military base , which received its first active units in 1997 after the base had been constructed in 1993 – 96 . Organization . HJK is a " special operations unit ( SOF ) " . ( Another " special operations unit ( SOF ) " is , MJK " ( Marinejegerkommandoen ) " . ) HJK has a large HQ unit and a paratrooper unit , which trains personnel from all branches of the Norwegian military organization in parachute operations . The Pathfinder platoon is part of the HJK training cadre and consists of conscripts deemed suitable for service in the unit after a selection period . The role of this unit is to annually train one platoon of jump - qualified recce soldiers . Chain of command . The Hærens Jegerkommando together with the Forsvarets Spesialkommando are under a command named FSK - HJK . The FSK - HJK itself is under direct command of the General Inspector of the Army . Missions outside of Norway . In Kosovo . HJK was the first special forces unit to enter Pristina . The HJK ' s mission was to level the negotiating field between the belligerent parties , and to fine - tune the detailed , local deals needed to implement the peace deal between Serbian authorities and the Kosovo Albanians . In Afghanistan . On 23 July 2007 HJK lieutenant Tor Arne Lau Henriksen was killed in a short and intense close quarters engagement between a Norwegian special forces reconnaissance patrol and hostile fighters in Logar Province , Afghanistan . William H . McRaven a United States Navy vice admiral , who serves as the commander of Joint Special Operations Command ( JSOC ) said in an interview with a Norwegian newspaper in 2007 that he regarded the Special forces of Norway to be among the top special forces in the world and that one of his favourite operations was the Norwegian heavy water sabotage by the Norwegian resistance forces during World War II .
20th Virginia Cavalry The 20th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly in western Virginia . Virginia ' s 20th Cavalry Regiment was organized in August , 1863 , and was composed of " North Western Virginians . " The unit served in W . L . Jackson ' s Brigade and confronted the Federals in western Virginia and in the Shenandoah Valley . It disbanded in mid - April , 1865 . The field officers were Colonel W . W . Arnett , Lieutenant Colonels Dudley Evans and John B . Lady , and Major Elihu Hutton .
Flight commander ( position ) A flight commander position is that of leading a constituent portion of an aerial squadron in aerial operations , often into combat . That constituent portion is known as a flight , and usually contains six or fewer aircraft , with four being a common number . The tactical need for commonality in performance characteristics of aircraft usually insures that all aircraft under a flight commander ' s command and control in air operations are the same or very similar types . Historical background . Historically , the role of a flight commander in fighter aircraft has been that of principal attacker in air to air combat , with the other airplane or airplanes in a flight supporting and protecting him from counter - attack as a wingman or wingmen . This delineation of roles came into being very early in the history of aerial warfare , as Oswald Boelcke , Roderic Dallas , and Mick Mannock all derived the basic tactics of successful air to air combat from their flying experiences during World War I circa 1916 . As a result , the flight commander position has traditionally been rated as approximating that of an army or marine captain , with the wingmen being both junior and subordinate to him . However , rank inflation has taken place in many air forces , and that rating may no longer hold true . Considerations of position versus rank . The Royal Naval Air Service of World War I used Flight Commander as the title of a rank approximately equivalent to the ground services rank of a captain . In turn , beginning with Britain ' s Royal Air Force , the term also became sometimes used as a title for the military rank of flight commander . Strictly speaking , the position and the rank are not interchangeable . It should be kept in mind that the position of flight commander can be held by a variety of military ranks . In turn , the rank of flight commander does not always imply leadership in the air ; in point of fact , a commissioned officer ranked as a flight commander can even be assigned to non - flying duties . See also . Military hierarchy of air forces
Abdul Malik Pahlawan Abdul Malik Pahlawan is an Uzbek politician based in Faryab Province in northern Afghanistan . He is head of the Afghanistan Liberation Party and was heavily involved the factional fighting that consumed Afghanistan throughout the 1990s . His rival for control of the Uzbek north is Rashid Dostum , and their militias have clashed several times since the fall of the Taliban . Capture of Mazar - e Sharif . Initially , Abdul Malik was one of Dostum ' s subordinates , but in 1996 he blamed Dostum for the murder of his brother , General Rasul Pahlawan . He then entered into secret negotiations with the Taliban , who promised to respect his authority over much of Northern Afghanistan , in exchange for the capture of Ismail Khan , one of their most powerful enemies . Accordingly , on May 25 , 1997 he arrested Khan and handed him over and let the Taliban enter Mazari Sharif , giving them control over most of Northern Afghanistan . Because of this , Dostum was forced to flee to Turkey . However Malik quickly decided that the Taliban weren ' t going to keep their promises as they started to disarm his men . He then rejoined forces with the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan ( the Northern Alliance ) , and turned against his erstwhile allies , helping to drive them from Mazari Sharif . In October 1997 , Dostum returned from exile and defeated Malik , briefly regaining control of Mazari Sharif , and forcing him to escape to Iran . After the fall of the Taliban in 2001 , Malik organized his " Hezb - e Azadi - ye Afghanistan " political party , whose military wing has often clashed with members of Dostum ' s " Junbish " party .
RLB - Präsident RLB - Präsident , also known as " Reichsluftschutzbund Präsident " or " Präsident der RLB " , was a Nazi paramilitary rank which was held by the supreme commander of the Reichsluftschutzbund . The position of RLB - Präsident was the highest rank of the Reichsluftschutzbund and was also considered a senior ministerial position within the Aviation Ministry of the Nazi Germany government . The insignia for RLB - Präsident consisted of a white gold trimmed collar patch with three embroidered eagles . A thick gold shoulder board was also worn . General der Flakartillerie Ludwig von Schröder ( 30 May 1939 – 30 May 1941 )