naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Amoy Operation The Amoy Operation was part of a campaign by Japan during the Second Sino - Japanese War to blockade China to prevent it from communicating with the outside world and importing needed arms and materials . Control of Amoy Island would provide a base to make the blockade of Fujian province more effective .
Staff car A staff car is a vehicle used by a senior military officer , and is part of their country ' s white fleet . The term is most often used in relation to the United Kingdom where they were first used in quantity during World War I , examples being the Vauxhall D - type and Crossley 20 / 25 . Staff cars are often painted in camouflage colours , or plain black . In the U . S . A . , Brazil and other American countries the frequent colour is the olive - drab lusterless . One example is the 1941 Buick Century Series 60 , used during the Second World War . It was generally painted in khaki , with a white star on the front doors . Another famous example is Gen . Dwight D . Eisenhower ' s , commander in chief of the Allied Forces during World War II , Packard Clipper 1942 staff car . Another well known staff car is the Plymouth P11 1941 . During the Second World War the German Wehrmacht ( armed forces ) also used staff cars for various purposes . These included military models with machine gun mounts like the Horch 108 and converted civilian versions for high - ranking officers like the Horch 853 . Mercedes Benz also produced vehicles that the Wehrmacht converted for use as staff cars . Staff cars in fiction . The " Dad ' s Army " episodes " The Captain ' s Car " and " The Making of Private Pike " deal with staff cars ; in the former case , the car was donated by a local aristocrat . Staff cars were also used in the American CBS Television sitcom , Hogan ' s Heroes , in which Colonel Wilhelm Klink ( Werner Klemperer ) and General Albert Burkhalter ( Leon Askin ) both had staff cars which they frequently used throughout the series .
Thomas Hancock ( VC ) Thomas Hancock VC ( July 1823 – 12 March 1871 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was about 33 years old , and a private in the 9th Lancers ( The Queen ' s Royal ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 19 June 1857 at Delhi , India for which he and John Purcell were awarded the VC : In a later dispatch from Brigadier - General Hope Grant , C . B . to Major H . W . Norman , Assistant Adjutant - General of the Army , on 10 January 1858 , Hope writes : He later achieved the rank of corporal . He died in Westminster Workhouse , 12 March 1871 , and is buried in a common ( unmarked ) grave in Brompton Cemetery .
Distinguished Service Cross ( Australia ) The Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the Australian Defence Force . It is awarded for distinguished command and leadership in action . The DSC was introduced in 1991 and is the highest distinguished service decoration in the Australian Honours System . Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross are entitled to use the post - nominal letters " DSC " . Since its inception 64 awards have been made — which includes two Bars — with the most recent being announced in the 2012 Queen ' s Birthday Honours List . Government allowance . The Government of Australia may grant an allowance to veterans or serving members of the Australian Defence Force who have been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross , or other awards for gallantry . At November 2007 , this allowance was A $ 2 . 10 per fortnight . Description . The Distinguished Service Cross is described as : " . . . a modified Maltese Cross of nickel - silver ensigned with the Crown of St Edward . The obverse bears a Federation Star surmounted on a disc of flames . The medal has a nickel - silver suspender bar . The medal ribbon has a central ochre - red stripe surrounded by narrower silver - blue stripes . "
Radcliffe R . Denniston , Jr . Radcliffe R . Denniston , Jr . was an officer in the United States Navy during World War II . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions preceding and during the Battle of the Coral Sea . Biography . Denniston was born on February 5 , 1916 in Wauwatosa , Wisconsin . He joined the United States Navy in 1938 , and undertook aviation training in 1940 . Denniston was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions preceding and during the Battle of the Coral Sea . His award citation reads : " The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross ( Posthumously ) to Lieutenant , Junior Grade Radcliffe R . Denniston , Jr . ( NSN : 0 - 77788 ) , United States Navy , for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier - based Navy Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron FIVE ( VT - 5 ) , attached to the U . S . S . YORKTOWN ( CV - 5 ) , in action against enemy Japanese forces at Tulagi Harbor on 4 May 1942 , and in the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 and 8 May 1942 . These attacks , vigorously and persistently pressed home in the face of heavy anti - aircraft fire , and on 8 May opposed also by enemy fighters , resulted in the sinking or damaging of at least eight enemy Japanese vessels at Tulagi and the sinking of one carrier and the sinking or severe damaging of another in the Coral Sea . Lieutenant , Junior Grade , Denniston ' s conscientious devotion to duty and gallant self - command against formidable odds were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service . "
Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam The Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ( also , " Paris Accords " ) arranged a settlement which ended direct military involvement by the United States and resulted in a temporary ceasefire , the end of the Vietnam War occurring two years later . The agreement was reached at the end of the Paris Peace Accords on January 27 , 1973 . Like the Geneva Agreements , it mandated " free and democratic general elections under international supervision . " Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts as primary negotiators of the Agreement . Tho refused to accept it . America ' s withdrawal brought an end to foreign involvement in the country of Vietnam for the first time in 114 years , since the first incursions by the French in 1858 . Subsequent to the agreement . The war began after the RVN ' s refusal to hold elections , and the Hanoi government exploited its military advantage in the power vacuum created by the withdrawal of the United States , rather than giving its adversary a vote that it had itself been denied . Conflict resumed early in 1975 , the People ' s Army of Viet Nam ( PAVN ) entering Saigon on April 30 , 1975 . Full text of the agreement can be seen at the Wikisource article
84th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 84th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was originally formed from regular army battalions serving away from home in the British Empire . It was assigned to the 28th Division and served on the Western Front and the Macedonian Front during the First World War . The Brigade was temporarily attached to the 5th Division between March and April 1915 .
Battle of Middle Creek The Battle of Middle Creek was an engagement fought January 10 , 1862 , in Eastern Kentucky during the American Civil War . The battle , along with the Battle of Mill Springs , positioned the Union armies to invade Middle Tennessee . More than a month after Confederate Colonel John S . Williams left Kentucky , following the fight at Ivy Mountain , Brig . Gen . Humphrey Marshall led another force into Eastern Kentucky to continue recruiting activities . From his headquarters in Paintsville , on the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River , northwest of Prestonsburg , Marshall recruited volunteers . He raised a force of more than 2 , 000 men by early January , but could only partially equip them . Union Brig . Gen . Don Carlos Buell directed Col . James A . Garfield to force Marshall to retreat back into Virginia . Leaving Louisa , Garfield took command of the 18th Brigade and began his march south on Paintsville . He compelled the Confederates to abandon Paintsville and retreat to the vicinity of Prestonsburg . Garfield slowly headed south , but swampy areas and numerous streams slowed his movements , and he arrived in the vicinity of Marshall on the 9th . Heading out at 4 : 00 a . m . on January 10 , Garfield marched a mile west near the Forks of Middle Creek , fought off some Confederate cavalry , and turned west to attack Marshall . Marshall had put his men in line of battle north and east of the creek near its forks . Garfield attacked shortly after noon , and the fighting continued for most of the afternoon until Union reinforcements arrived in time to dissuade the Confederates from assailing the Federal left . Instead , the Confederates retired south and were ordered back to Virginia on January 24 . Garfield ' s force moved to Prestonsburg after the fight and then retired to Paintsville . Union forces had halted the Confederate 1861 offensive in Kentucky , and Middle Creek demonstrated that their strength had not diminished . The Battle of Middle Creek , along with the Battle of Mill Springs a little more than a week later , cemented Union control of Eastern Kentucky until Confederate Gen . Braxton Bragg launched his offensive in the summer and fall of 1862 . Following these two January victories in Kentucky , the Federals carried the war into Tennessee in February .
Auxiliary Cruiser Badge The Auxiliary Cruiser Badge ( German " Kriegsabzeichen für Hilfskreuzer " ) was an award of the German military of the Third Reich . It was awarded to officers and men of the Kriegsmarine for service on Auxiliary Cruisers or the supply ships that supported them for a successful large voyage . During World War II mainly the u - boat s , but also other ships needed to be supplied at sea to continue their patrol with minimum time lost on refueling and supply .
Battle of Jakobstadt The Battle of Jakobstadt ( ) , ( ) was a battle fought in the Great Northern War . It took place on 25 July 1704 ( O . S . ) / 26 July 1704 ( Swedish calendar ) / 5 August 1704 ( N . S . ) between a Swedish army under Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and a combined Lithuanian / Russian force under Great Hetman Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki at the town of Jēkabpils ( ) in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia . The Swedes were victorious .
Hiro H1H The Hiro H1H ( or Navy Type 15 ) was a 1920s Japan ese bomber or reconnaissance biplane flying boat developed from the Felixstowe F . 5 by the Hiro Naval Arsenal for the Imperial Japanese Navy . The aircraft were built by Hiro , the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal and Aichi . Design and development . Following licence - production of the Felixstowe F . 5 for the Imperial Japanese Navy the company developed an improved version known as the H1H or Navy Type 15 . The aircraft was built with three different engine types fitted , the Navy Type 15 - 1 had longer span upper wings and the Navy Type 15 - II had four - bladed propellers . Both the H4H1 and H4H2 remained in front - line naval service through the 1930s .
SS Hoxie Hoxie was a 4 , 714 ton cargo ship which was built in 1918 . She was renamed Empire Albatross in 1940 . In 1942 , she was renamed Belgian Fisherman . In 1946 she was renamed Belgique and then Martha Hendrik Fisser in 1950 . She was scrapped in 1958 . History . Pre Second World War . " Hoxie " was built by Bethlehem Steel Corporation , at the Union Iron Works , San Francisco as yard number 4182 . She was launched on 7 December 1918 and completed in March 1919 . She was owned by the United States Shipping Board . " Hoxie " was chartered by the Baltimore Steam Ship Co in the 1920s . She passed to the United States Maritime Commission in 1937 . War service . " Hoxie " passed to the Ministry of War Transport in 1940 and was renamed " Empire Albatross " , under the management of Sir W Reardon Smith & Sons , Cardiff . Management later passed to Dene Management Co . She was a member of a number of convoys . Convoy HX 145 sailed from Halifax , Nova Scotia on 16 August 1941 and arrived at Liverpool on 31 August . Convoy SC 74 sailed from Halifax on 12 March 1942 and arrived at Liverpool on the 28 March . " Empire Albatross " was carrying a cargo of steel and trucks . Her final destination was Hull . In 1942 , " Empire Albatross " was sold to the Belgian Government and renamed " Belgian Fisherman " , under the management of L Dens et Compagnie , Antwerp . On 28 February 1944 , " Belgian Fisherman " was damaged in a collision with the SS " Grodno " near Safi en route to Gibraltar . Post war . In 1946 " Belgian Fisherman " was sold to the Compagnie Royale Belgo - Argentine SA , Antwerp and renamed " Belgique " . In 1950 , " Belgique " was sold for scrapping to Van Heyghen Frères , Gent , who resold her to Hendrik Fisser AG , Emden who renamed her " Martha Hendrik Fisser " . She served with them for eight years . " Martha Hendrik Fisser " was sold for scrapping to Walter Ritscher who resold her to Eckhardt & Co She was scrapped at Hamburg in the first quarter of 1958 . Official number and code letters . Official numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Hoxie " had the American official number 217613 and used the code letters LQBF . " Empire Albatross " had the official number 168090 on Lloyds Register and used the code letters GNLF .
CSS North Carolina CSS " North Carolina " , an casemate ironclad , was built by Berry & Brothers at Wilmington , North Carolina , in 1863 at a cost of $ 76 , 000 . The ship ' s bulkheads above the waterline were sloped inward and armored with railroad iron , similar to the CSS " Virginia II " . She had two gun ports on each of her four sides and carried six 8 - inch guns that could be moved from one port to another , and mounted one pivot gun on her bow . She was placed in commission during the latter part of the year with Commander W . T . Muse , CSN , in command . " North Carolina " was discovered to be structurally unsound , and unsuitable for use on the open ocean . She remained in the Cape Fear River until September 27 , 1864 when she developed a leak and sank , her hull riddled by shipworm s , off Smithville ( modern Southport ) , where she had been serving as a guard ship .
USS Balch ( DD - 363 ) USS " Balch " ( DD - 363 ) was a " Porter " - class destroyer in the United States Navy . She is named for Admiral George Beall Balch . The second " Balch " was launched 24 March 1936 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Quincy , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Miss Gertrude Balch , granddaughter of Admiral Balch ; and commissioned 20 October 1936 , Commander T . C . Latimore in command . Service history . After her commissioning , " Balch " operated for a period under the Chief of Naval Operations . She departed Newport , Rhode Island , for the $ 3 in October 1937 , and upon arrival at San Diego , California , she joined Destroyer Division 7 , Battle Force . Thereafter as flagship of Destroyer squadron 12 , and later of Destroyer Squadron 6 , she participated in fleet training , cruises , and battle problems in the Pacific and Haitian - Caribbean area . After participating in Fleet Problem XXI at Pearl Harbor , " Balch " steamed to Mare Island Navy Yard where she underwent a yard period in the spring of 1940 . Upon the completion of her yard period , she made six cruises alternately between the Hawaiian Islands and the west coast ( August 1940 - December 1941 ) . World War II . On 1 December 1941 , " Balch " put to sea as a unit of TF 8 , and remained with the Task Force after the Pearl Harbor attack . She cruised in the Pacific during the early months of the war , and participated in the bombardment of Tarawa Island , Marshall Islands ( 1 February 1942 ) . Between February 1942 and June 1944 , " Balch " performed widespread screening , patrolling , and fire support duties during the Wake Island raid ( 24 February 1942 ) , the Doolittle Raid ( 18 April 1942 ) , the decisive Battle of Midway ( 4 – 7 June ) , during which she rescued 545 survivors of ; Guadalcanal landings ( 7 – 30 August ) ; Attu invasion ( 11 May - 2 June 1943 ) ; Toem - Wakde - Sarmi landings ( 25 – 28 May 1944 ) and Biak Island invasion ( 28 May - 18 June ) . On 15 July 1944 , " Balch " arrived at New York . Between 2 August 1944 and 23 May 1945 , she completed five trans - Atlantic convoy escort crossings to various North Africa n ports . On 16 June 1945 , she commenced her pre - inactivation overhaul at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . She was decommissioned 19 October 1945 and scrapped in 1946 . Awards . " Balch " received six battle star s for her Pacific service during World War II .
List of American Civil War regiments by state A list of American Civil War regiment s organized into federally organized units as well as units raised by individual states and territories . As multiple states had soldiers fighting both for the United States ( U . S . Army / Union Army ) and the Confederate States ( C . S . Army ) , forces from states which did not fall under Union or Confederate control are noted as such .
Antonio Guzmán Blanco Antonio Leocadio Guzmán Blanco ( 28 February 1829 – 28 July 1899 ) was President of Venezuela for three separate terms , from 1870 – 1877 , from 1879 – 1884 , and from 1886 – 1887 . Guzmán was born in Caracas as the son of Antonio Leocadio Guzmán , a Venezuelan journalist , politician as well as founder of the Liberal Party and Carlota Blanco Jerez de Aristeguieta . He was banished by the administration of General Julián Castro , and accompanied General Juan Crisóstomo Falcón in his invasion of Venezuela , becoming his general secretary . After the final defeat of Falcón at Cople in September , 1860 , Guzmán accompanied his chief in his flight , and was sent to the West Indies to solicit assistance . Toward the end of 1861 he landed again with Falcón on the coast of Coro , and after numerous engagements signed on 22 May 1863 , the treaty of Coche , by which arms were laid down , and a general assembly called at Victoria , which elected Falcón president and Guzmán vice president . The latter was at the same time secretary of the treasury , and went to London to negotiate a loan . On his return he was for a short time in charge of the executive , and afterward was elected president of congress . After the overthrow of Falcón in 1868 , Guzmán left the country , but headed a revolution in 1869 , and in 1870 became provisional president with extraordinary powers , ruling the country for seven years as a dictator . His successor , General Francisco Linares Alcántara , died in office in December , 1878 , and there were several revolutionary uprisings , till Guzmán assumed the government again . In the elections of 1883 General Joaquín Crespo , one of his friends , was declared president , and Guzmán became ambassador to France , living with great ostentation in Paris . In 1886 he again assumed the presidency ; his successor , the undistinguished Hermógenes López , was also understood to be under his influence . The autocratic nature of Guzmán ' s regimes was in sharp contradiction with the economic and legal reforms as well as with the achievements brought about . His government was responsible for the creation of the modern currency ( bolívar ) , the restoration of the national anthem , the second national census , the railroad between Caracas and La Guaira , the foundation of the Venezuelan Academy of the Language , the telephone service between Caracas and La Guaira , promotion of agriculture and education ( Decree of Public and Obligatory Instruction of 1870 ) , stimulus to commerce , and important public works ( the National Pantheon , the Capitol , and the Municipal Theater , among others . ) Also a distinguished freemason , he sharply reduced the power of the Roman Catholic Church in Venezuela while in office .
Charles Edward Wilson Charles Edward Wilson ( 2 June 1871 – 17 September 1914 ) was an England rugby international and British Army officer who was killed during the First World War . Born at Fermoy , County Cork , Wilson was the son of Major General F . E . G . Wilson . He was educated at Dover College and joined the Royal Military College , Sandhurst , in July 1892 . He graduated in July 1896 and was commissioned as a lieutenant . Wilson served in the Second Boer War with the Queen ' s ( Royal West Surrey ) Regiment receiving the Queen ' s Medal with two clasps , King ' s Medal with two clasps and a Mention in Despatches . He fought in the relief of Ladysmith , Battle of Spion Kop and Battle of the Tugela Heights . In August 1901 , he was promoted to the rank of captain . He also served in India . During the First World War , Wilson served as the adjutant of the 1st Battalion , Queen ' s ( Royal West Surrey ) Regiment , attached to the 3rd Brigade , 1st Division . He served on the Western Front and was awarded the Légion d ’ Honneur . He was killed in action on 17 September 1914 during the Battle of the Aisne , on the River Aisne . He is buried in Paissy Churchyard , Aisne , France [ Grave 2 ] , and was survived by his wife Mabel ( née Carr ) and their two sons . Rugby career . Wilson played rugby at a high standard as a forward . He represented the Army and top class side Blackheath F . C . , and was an active member of the club in 1895 , the year he was offered and accepted an invitation to tour with the Barbarians . In 1898 , and still playing for Blackheath , Wilson represented England in a rugby union international , playing as a forward against Ireland in a match played at Richmond as part of the 1898 Home Nations Championship . The England team , under the captaincy of J . F . Byrne , was fairly inexperienced with Wilson being one of six new caps into the team , four within the pack . The Irish controlled the game from the start and won 9 - 6 . Wilson never represented his country again .
James John McLeod Innes Lieutenant General James John McLeod Innes VC CB ( 5 February 1830 – 13 December 1907 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born in British India to Scottish parents Innes was educated privately , at Edinburgh University and Addiscombe where he was awarded the Pollock Medal and was commissioned into the Bengal Engineers in 1848 . Innes was 28 years old , and a lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers , Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny on 23 February 1858 at Sultanpore , India where he was awarded Victoria Cross for the following deed : He also Mentioned in Despatches three times for his work in the Mutiny . He later joined the Royal Engineers and achieved the rank of lieutenant general . After he retired he wrote several books . His Victoria Cross is displayed in the Royal Engineers Museum at Chatham , England .
Cheerful - class gunboat The " Cheerful " - class gunboat was a class of twenty gunboat s built for the Royal Navy in 1855 for use in the Crimean War . Design . The " Cheerful " class was designed by W . H . Walker ( who also designed the preceding " Dapper " and " Albacore " classes ) . The ships were of particularly shallow draft for coastal bombardment in the shallow waters of the Baltic and Black Sea during the Crimean War . Propulsion . One - cylinder horizontal direct - acting single - expansion steam engines built by John Penn and Sons , with two boilers , provided 20 nominal horsepower through a single screw , sufficient for . Armament . Ships of the class were armed with two 32 - pounder smooth bore muzzle loading cannons .