naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Edwin Cole ( RAF officer ) Lieutenant Edwin Stuart Travis Cole was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories . World War I service . On 14 December 1915 , Cole earned Aviator ' s Certificate No . 2160 on Caudron Biplanes at the Ruffy - Baumann School in Hendon . On 21 July 1916 , he was appointed to the Royal Flying Corps . On 15 September 1916 , having been assigned to 60 Squadron to fly a Nieuport fighter , he scored his first victory . Reassigned to 1 Squadron , he once again used a Nieuport . He triumphed twice in March 1917 , and four times during Bloody April . On 1 May 1917 , he and fellow ace Frank Sharpe captured a German Albatros D . III fighter at Roulers Elverdinghe . Following this , Cole was withdrawn from action . World War II service . His record lapses until 1939 , when he agreed to let a garage in Downend be used for a first aid post and air raid shelter . On 21 March 1939 , he was commissioned as a Pilot Officer on probation . On 31 August 1939 , he was confirmed as a Pilot Officer and promoted to Flying Officer . Apparently unfit for flight duty , on 27 May 1940 he was transferred to General Duties . On 27 May 1941 , he was promoted to Flight Lieutenant . On 1 July 1944 , he was once again promoted , this time to temporary Squadron Leader . Post World War II . On 25 May 1954 , Cole relinquished his commission , still serving in the rank of Squadron Leader . Honors and awards . Military Cross ( MC ) 2nd Lt . Edwin Stewart Travis Cole , R . F . C . , Spec . Res . For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty . On one occasion he , in a scout , attacked and brought down an enemy two - seater biplane . He has brought down two hostile balloons . He has at all times set a splendid example of courage and initiative . ( Supplement to the London Gazette , 18 June 1917 ) ( 30135 / 5987 ) References . " Nieuport Aces of World War 1 . " Norman Franks . Osprey Publishing , 2000 . ISBN 1 - 85532 - 961 - 1 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 85532 - 961 - 4 .
Rumbeke Castle Rumbeke Castle ( ) is a historical building in Rumbeke in West Flanders , Belgium , one of the oldest Renaissance castles in the country . Although most of the building was built during the Renaissance period , on the site of a far older fortress , it gained some slightly Neoclassical features after its renovation during the 18th century . During those renovations , the adjacent forest , the Sterrebos or the Star Forest , was added to its grounds . The forest was modelled after the Prater park in Vienna . According to legend , Baldwin Iron Arm , Count of Flanders , kidnapped Judith , the daughter of Charles the Bald in 862 in Senlis and brought her to the fortress that used to be at the very location where the present castle now stands . With the intervention of the Pope , the two lovers married in Auxerre , which then resulted in the creation of the County of Flanders . For centuries , the castle was owned by the counts of Thiennes and Limburg Stirum . The castle of Rumbeke suffered damage during the invasion of Flanders by French king Louis XIV , as well as during the French Revolution and in both world wars more than a century later . In fact , during World War I , it was taken over by the Germans and became for a short period of time , the home of Baron Manfred von Richthofen , better known as the Red Baron , who was credited with shooting down 80 enemy aircraft in his brightly painted red airplane . The castle can be seen in the movie " That Lucky Touch " , a comedy which was partially shot in Rumbeke in 1975 , starring Roger Moore and Shelley Winters .
William J . Balza William J . Balza served in the United States Army during World War II . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Battle of Buna - Gona . His award citation reads : " The President of the United States of America , authorized by Act of Congress , July 9 , 1918 , takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Private First Class William J . Balza , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving with Headquarters Company , 2d Battalion , 127th Infantry Regiment , 32d Infantry , in action against enemy forces on 25 December 1942 , near Buna , New Guinea . When an infantry Company was cut off from its battalion , Private First Class Balza , in an effort to reestablish communications , volunteered to attempt to carry a telephone line to the isolated company . Though forced back twice by heavy enemy fire , with courageous determination and complete disregard for his own safety , he crawled forward across an open field and succeeded in reaching the isolated company with the telephone line . Private First Class Balza ' s conspicuous courage and determination were an inspiration to the men of his unit . His intrepid actions , personal bravery and zealous devotion to duty exemplify the highest traditions of the military forces of the United States and reflect great credit upon himself , the 32d Infantry Division , and the United States Army . " Balza ' s home of record was Sturgeon Bay , Wisconsin .
Battle of Glenmalure The Battle of Glenmalure ( ) took place in Ireland in 1580 during the Desmond Rebellions . An Irish Catholic force made up of the Gaelic clans from the Wicklow Mountains led by Fiach MacHugh O ' Byrne and James Eustace , Viscount Baltinglas of the Pale , defeated an English army under Arthur Grey , 14th Baron Grey de Wilton , at the O ' Byrnes ' mountain stronghold of Glenmalure . Background . Grey had recently landed in Ireland with reinforcements from England to put down the rebellion . His strategy was to meet O ' Byrne ' s threat to the English heartland of Dublin and the Pale by attacking through the highlands to the south of the city . Against the advice of veteran commanders , he chose to lead his army ( around 3 , 000 strong ) through lowland Kildare and into the Wicklow Mountains , with the aim of taking the fastness at Balinacor in the Glenmalure Valley . Battle . While trying to climb the steep slopes of the valley , the inexperienced English soldiers were ambushed by the Irish soldiers , who had hidden themselves in the woods . The English were sniped at for a long period of time before their discipline collapsed and they turned and fled down the valley . It was at this point that most of their casualties occurred , as the Irish soldiers left their cover and fell on the soldiers with swords , spears and axes . Hundreds of English soldiers , some of whom had thrown away their weapons in a panic , were cut down by the pursuing Irish soldiers as they tried to get away . The remaining English had to fight a rearguard action for several miles until they reached the town of Rathdrum . Aftermath . Irish sources state that around 800 English soldiers were killed , though the English put their losses at 360 dead . Among those killed was Peter Carew , cousin of his namesake colonist who had made claims to , and won , large tracts of land in southern Ireland . The remainder of the English force retreated to lowland Wicklow and from there to Dublin . However , the following year , when offered terms , most of the Irish soldiers , including O ' Byrne , came in and surrendered . The exception was Baltinglass , who fled for France . The battle is commemorated in the folk song " Follow me up to Carlow " .
Charles Lescat Charles Lescat ( February 19 , 1887 — 1948 ) was an Argentine citizen , who studied in France and wrote in " Je suis partout " , the ultra - Collaborationist review headed by Robert Brasillach . Carlos Hipolito Saralegui Lesca was born in Buenos Aires . He was a volunteer during World War I in France . There , Lescat became a personal friend of Charles Maurras , leader of the " Action française " ( AF ) monarchist movement . Part of the AF , he also presided over the administration council of Je suis partout , and was editor in chief of this review for a time . In 1941 he published an anti - Semitic book titled " Quand Israël se venge " ( When Israel takes revenge ) , through the Éditions Grasset publishing house . At the Liberation of Paris , he took refuge in Germany before travelling to Francoist Spain . He arrived in Uruguay in 1946 , and later established himself in Juan Peron ' s Argentina . There , he organized one of the ratlines used by collaborators and former Nazi fugitives . Charles Lescat helped Pierre Daye find refuge in Argentina . Lescat was sentenced to death in May 1947 by the High Court in Paris , but , despite extradition requests from France , was never extradited . He died in Argentina in 1948 .
USS Lloyd Thomas ( DE - 374 ) The second USS " Lloyd Thomas " ( DE - 374 ) was a proposed United States Navy that was never built . " Lloyd Thomas " was scheduled to be built at Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas , during World War II . However , her construction was cancelled on 6 June 1944 . The name " Lloyd Thomas " was reassigned to destroyer USS " Lloyd Thomas " ( DD - 764 ) .
Zaim Imamović ( officer ) Zaim Imamović ( 1961 – 9 October 1995 ) was a Bosniak soldier who commanded the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina forces in the Goražde enclave during the 1992 - 1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Imamović was born in Ilovača , Goražde , Bosnia and Herzegovina . Prior to the war he was a professional soldier in the Yugoslav National Army and held the rank of Captain . When the Yugoslav federation began to fall apart he was stationed in Slovenia but the beginning of the war in Bosnia found him in Sarajevo . He returned to his native region and took command of the soldiers there . He commanded the forces through the three and a half year siege , the worst of which was during March / April 1994 when an unsuccessful Serb offensive killed almost one thousand and wounded nearly 2 , 000 people , mostly civilians . His leadership skills were recognized and he was taken out of the enclave in order to command a unit which sought to break the siege from outside . He always led from the frontline and was wounded 6 times , the last time just a day before he was killed by shrapnel from a Serb shell on the Treskavica mountain in October 1995 . He was buried on the grounds of the Ali Pašina Ali Pasha ' s Mosque in Sarajevo along other prominent Bosniak military and political leaders .
Scrambling ( military ) In military aviation , scrambling is the act of quickly getting military aircraft airborne to react to an immediate threat , usually to intercept hostile aircraft . Historical use . The term was used during the Battle of Britain , when RAF fighter pilots waited on the ground for Chain Home radar observations to detect oncoming enemy aircraft , at which point a telephone call would reach each airfield ( part of the Dowding System ) and those air crews available would be scrambled . Every minute lost before take - off would be advantageous to the enemy , as those minutes could have allowed a pilot to gain extra height above the advancing plane formations . Information passed to the scrambling fighters included location and height ( " Angels " - hence phrases such as " Angels One Five " for aircraft approaching at 15 , 000 ft ) and a rough estimate of numbers . Unidentified aircraft were known as " bogeys " while known enemy ones were called " bandits " . The scramble order was communicated to alert pilots at the base by the loud ringing of a bell . During the Cold War , many NATO air forces had crews stationed in Europe on alert and scrambled whenever their airspace was penetrated . The rudimentary bell - ringing communication was eventually replaced by electronic radio communication methods . But many fighter squadrons into the current era would keep a bell at their squadron bar in legacy to the Battle of Britain roots . A common tradition was that if anyone at the bar would ring this bell , they would be required to buy a round of drinks to all present . This tradition was a remnant of the serious consequences of communicating a false scramble order .
Acting pilot officer Acting pilot officer ( APO ) is the lowest commissioned grade in the Royal Air Force , being immediately junior to pilot officer . Unlike other RAF ranks which officers may hold in an acting capacity , acting pilot officer is maintained as a separate grade . It normally denotes an officer who has recently been commissioned and joined as a non - graduate direct entrant . Acting pilot officer is not an actual rank , and APOs are later regraded to pilot officer , not promoted . Although acting pilot officer has a NATO ranking code of OF - 1 , neither the British Army , Royal Marines nor Royal Navy has an exactly equivalent rank . As acting pilot officers are junior to second lieutenant s in the British Army or the Royal Marines and to Royal Navy sub - lieutenant s , the rank is the most junior commissioned rank in the British Armed Forces . Senior cadets on a University Air Squadron may become acting pilot officers . The rank insignia is identical to that of a pilot officer , consisting of a thin blue band on slightly wider black band . This is worn on both the lower sleeves of the tunic or on the shoulders of the flying suit or the casual uniform .
RCAF Station De Winton RCAF Station De Winton was a World War II air training station located south of Calgary , and east of De Winton , Alberta , Canada . The station was built by the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) for use by the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) , who established No . 31 Elementary Flying Training School ( 31 EFTS ) . Like other RAF stations in Canada , it was subject to RCAF administrative and operational control . The aerodrome was completed in 1940 and No . 31 EFTS began operating in June 1941 . In 1942 , the school formally became part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan . It was a civilian operation with instructors from the Toronto Flying Club who originally instructed at No . 1 Elementary Flying Training School at Malton , Ontario . Aircraft flown at De Winton include Stearman s , Tiger Moths , and Cornells , De Winton was closed in September 1944 and is now the privately operated De Winton / South Calgary Airport . Although the runways and some concrete structures from the airbase remain , the airfield is no longer active for fixed wing use . Some helicopter training , such as auto - rotation and hover practice , is still performed at the airfield , but all flights originate from other airports . Two of the runways are in disrepair and overgrown with grass , while the third runway and tarmac only partially maintained for use as an automotive driver training area .
Robert H . McCard Gunnery Sergeant Robert Howard McCard ( November 25 , 1918 – June 16 , 1944 ) , a United States Marine , received the Medal of Honor ( posthumously ) for his actions during the Battle of Saipan during World War II . Biography . Robert Howard McCard , born at Syracuse , New York , November 25 , 1918 , enlisted in the Marine Corps December 18 , 1939 . He was subsequently assigned to Parris Island , South Carolina ; Norfolk Navy Yard ; , New York Navy Yard ; U . S . Naval Torpedo Station , Newport , R . I . ; and Central Recruiting Division , Chicago , Illinois . Shortly after the United States declared war against Japan in 1941 , he was assigned to the Naval Training Station , Great Lakes , Illinois ; then the Training Center , Quantico , Virginia ; Camp Lejeune , North Carolina ; and Camp Pendleton , California . He served in the field from January 31 , 1944 until he was killed in action at Saipan on June 16 , 1944 . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to GUNNERY SERGEANT ROBERT H . MCCARD UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION : / S / FRANKLIN D . ROOSEVELT Posthumous honors . In 1945 , the , a " Gearing " - class destroyer , was named in his honor .
Flugplatz Maldegem Flugplatz Maldegem is a former World War II airfield , located 2 . 8 KM southeast of Maldegem in East Flanders , Belgium . History . Established in 1939 by the Belgian Air Force . After the Battle of Belgium , the Luftwaffe took over the airfield and began expanding it , putting down a concrete runway . Between October 1940 and April 1941 the airfield was used by Fiat G . 50s of the Corpo Aereo Italiano . From 1941 onwards Luftwaffe squadrons ( III . / JG 53 and II . / JG 26 ) began operating from the airfield . It was seized by British Forces in September 1944 , and Royal Engineers repaired the field , designating it " Advanced Landing Ground B - 65 " . It became home to 135Wing . It was abandoned after the war , the facility being redeveloped into an industrial area .
Tykocin pogrom The Tykocin massacre ( pogrom ) , of August 25 , 1941 , was the mass murder of Jewish residents of Tykocin in occupied Poland during World War II , soon after Nazi German attack on the Soviet Union . Circumstances surrounding the massacre . The town of Tykocin was conquered by Nazi Germany during the Soviet and German invasion of Poland pursuant to their secret agreement known as the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact . At the end of September 1939 , the area was transferred by the Nazis to the Soviet Union in accordance with the German – Soviet Boundary Treaty . In their attack , the Red Army overrun 52 . 1 % of territory of interwar Poland with over 13 , 700 , 000 inhabitants . The Soviet occupation zone included also 336 , 000 new refugees who escaped from Polish lands invaded by Germany , most of them Polish Jews numbering at around 198 , 000 . Spreading terror throughout the region , the Soviet secret police ( NKVD ) accompanying the Red Army massacred Polish prisoners of war , and in less than two years , deported up to 1 . 5 million ethnic Poles to Siberia . Twenty - one months after the Soviet invasion of Poland , during the German Operation Barbarossa in June 1941 , the town was overrun again , this time by Wehrmacht followed closely behind by Einsatzgruppen . The Germans installed Jan Fibich , a local ethnic German , as mayor . Fibich , aided by Edmund Wiśniewski , prepared a list of Jews collaborating with the Soviet NKVD , which included almost all of Jewish youth . The executions . Upon their arrival , the Nazi Germans encouraged the local Poles from Tykocin and the surrounding villages to loot Jewish property , which they later ordered to be given back to their proper owners , for the Germans ' own anticipated benefit . On the morning of August 25 , 1941 – according to a testimony of Abraham Kapice – as explained also by the Jewish and Polish memorials on the outskirts of town , the Germans ordered all Tykocin Jews to gather at the market square in order to be " resettled " to a ghetto in Czerwony Bór . About 1 , 400 – 1 , 700 people were soon taken from the square to a killing site in the nearby Łopuchowo forest . The men were marched on foot , and the women with children were trucked in . Some local Jews managed to escape into hiding , though very few survived . The prisoners , including women , children , and the elderly , were executed in waves into the execution pits , by an SS Einsatzkommando firing squad under the command of SS - Obersturmführer Hermann Schaper . Shaper ' s mass executions of Polish Jews spread across many villages and towns of the Białystok region around the same time , including Radziłów , Jedwabne , Łomża , Rutki , Wizna , Piątnica , and Zambrów . He was brought to justice several decades later by the German authorities , but managed to deceive the interrogators during his original trial in Ludwigsburg .
Attack on the SPS Patiño On 12 January 2012 Somali pirates attempted to attack the Spanish Navy replenishment oiler SPS " Patiño " after mistaking her for a large merchant ship . The pirate skiff hit the " Patiño " with automatic fire before being repelled , damaged by return fire and captured after a brief chase by the vessel ' s helicopter . The encounter took place off the coast of Somalia and ended with the death of one pirate and the capture of six others . Action . The SPS " Patiño " had been deployed on the Indian Ocean for her second tour as part of the European Union ' s Operation Atalanta since November 2011 , when she departed from her home port of Ferrol . The " Patiño " was the flagship of the EU naval forces in Somali waters . At 03 : 30 on the morning 12 January 2012 , while at anchor after escorting a World Food Programme ship with humanitarian aid to Mogadishu , Somalia , a sentry aboard the Spanish vessel gave the alert when he spotted a skiff alongside " Patiño " ´s hull , with the obvious intention of boarding the ship . The skiff was manned by seven individuals , who opened fire on the Spanish unit with AK - 47 rifles . The pirates apparently mistook the warship for a freighter . The " Patiño " was hit on her hull and funnel by 50 rounds in the ensuing gunbattle , which lasted up to two minutes . The Spanish vessel returned fire with her light armament , but when the pirates continued the aggression , the Spanish sailors proceeded to " neutralize " the threat with what the Spanish Ministry of Defence described as " self - defense fire " , which forced the skiff to flee . The motor boat was then chased by one of the " Patiño " ' s SH - 3 Sea King helicopters for 3 , 000 yards , warned by megaphone and eventually stopped after a last outburst across her bows from the helicopter ' s machine gun . During the pursuit the attackers threw overboard three ladders , two bags and seven rifles . The Spanish personnel captured six men of whom five were wounded , three of them seriously . The pirates declared that a seventh member of the crew was killed in the exchange of fire and that his dead body fell to the sea . The skiff , damaged by gunfire , was confiscated by the Spanish authority . Aftermath . Eloy Velasco , the judge in charge of the Audiencia Nacional of Spain ordered the arrested men taken to Spain for questioning under charges of piracy , possession of illegal weapons , damage to government property , and assault on members of the security forces . Velasco considers that the attack in international waters came under Spanish jurisdiction since the assault was carried out against Spanish citizens and no current agreement with a third country prevents this course of action . Since May 2009 there was a deal between the European Union and Kenya to judge in that country any act of piracy committed in the Indian Ocean , but by 2010 Kenya ' s High Court had ruled that the Kenyan government should put on trial only those subjects captured inside its territorial waters . The Court of Appeal overthrew the decision in October 2012 .
Theodore Pritchett Sir Theodore Beal Pritchett MC ( born 1890 ) , was Lord Mayor of Birmingham and a Deputy Lieutenant of Warwickshire . He was educated at Bromsgrove School and served in the Royal Artillery during World War I , being awarded the Military Cross . He was a Councillor on Birmingham City Council from 1924 to 1939 , before being appointed as an Alderman . He was Lord Mayor of Birmingham for 1939 - 40 . A Deputy Lieutenant for Warwickshire , he was knight ed in 1953 and was awarded the Freedom of the City of Birmingham on 7 May 1960 .