naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Air Defense Anti - Tank System The Air Defense Anti - Tank System ( ADATS ) is a dual - purpose short range surface - to - air and anti - tank missile system based on the M113 A2 vehicle . It is manufactured by the Swiss company Oerlikon - Contraves , a member of the Rheinmetall Defence Group of Germany . History . The ADATS missile is a laser - guided supersonic missile with a range of 10 kilometres , with an electro - optical sensor with TV and Forward Looking Infrared ( FLIR ) . The carrying vehicle has also a conventional two - dimensional radar with an effective range of over 25 kilometres . The ADATS cropped up from an extensive competition during which it was selected by the U . S . Army for the Forward Area Air - Defense ( FAAD ) program under the designation MIM - 146 for the missile , but ultimately the FAAD contract was cancelled in the early 1990s after the end of the Cold War . ADATS entered service with the Canadian Army ( in 1989 ) as a mobile , M113 based system , and in Thailand as a fixed , ground shelter defense system . As of late 2012 , the ADATS has been withdrawn from Canadian service with no planned replacement announced . Modernisation program . In September 2005 , the Canadian Government and the Canadian Forces announced a modernization program , transforming the ADATS and associated command , control and communications systems into a Multi - Mission Effects Vehicle ( MMEV ) . The MMEV was to retain and enhance ADATS anti - aircraft and anti - armor capability ( 85 % or better engagement success rate ) to meet new threats , provide indirect fire support to ground troops , and would be mounted on a LAV III wheeled armoured vehicle . It was to be fitted with a 3D radar , non - line - of - sight missile ( using unmanned aerial vehicle s ( UAVs ) to gather required intelligence and target location at a range of 8 km or more ) and low - cost precision kill ( LCPK ) missile ( fireable on direct shot at an 8 km + range ) , based on a 2 . 75 - inch rocket and advanced Battle Management Command and Control Communication Computer and Information ( BMC41 ) , including Link 11 / 16 , to provide Intelligence , Surveillance , Target Acquisition , and Reconnaissance ( ISTAR ) . In July 2006 , Canadian Forces Land Staff recommended the cancellation of the Multi - Mission Effects Vehicle Project . The program was cancelled in 2007 .
USS Rescuer ( ARS - 18 ) USS " Rescuer " ( ARS - 18 ) was a " Rescuer " - class rescue and salvage ship commissioned by the U . S . Navy during World War II . Her task was to come to the aid of stricken vessels . " Rescuer " ( ARS - 18 ) was built in 1904 as tug " Casper " by United Engine Works , and acquired for the Navy 6 February 1942 by the Port Director , San Pedro , California . World War II service . Assigned to the 13th Naval District 7 February 1942 , she underwent conversion at Seattle , Washington , then sailed north to Alaskan waters where she served during her brief naval career . Sinking in Alaskan waters . On 31 December 1942 , while engaged in salvaging the Russia n SS " Turksib " near Scotch Cap in the Aleutians , she was carried on to the beach , badly holed , and destroyed . Her name was struck from the Navy list 22 December 1944 .
2nd ( African ) Division The 2nd ( African ) Division was a British Empire colonial unit that fought during World War II . On 19 July 1940 , the 2nd ( African ) Division was formed in Kenya , British East Africa . On 24 November of that year , the division was redesignated as the British Army ' s 12th ( African ) Division . The 12th ( African ) Division was also known as the 12th ( East African ) Division when in October 1941 its West African brigade from the Gold Coast was reassigned and replaced with a third East African brigade . The division was disbanded in East Africa on 18 April 1943 . Background . In 1938 , the King ' s African Rifles ( KAR ) in Kenya had been composed of two brigade - strength units organized as a Northern Brigade and a Southern Brigade . The combined strength of both units amounted to 94 officers , 60 non - commissioned officers , and 2 , 821 African other ranks . After the outbreak of war , these units provided the trained nucleus for the rapid expansion of the KAR . By March 1940 , the strength of the KAR had reached 883 officers , 1 , 374 non - commissioned officers , and 20 , 026 African other ranks . The size of a KAR battalion was established at 36 officers , 44 non - commissioned officers and other ranks , and 1 , 050 African other ranks . Initially the KAR deployed as the 1st East African Infantry Brigade and the 2nd East African Infantry Brigade . The first brigade was responsible for coastal defense and the second was responsible for the defense of the interior . By the end of July , two additional East African brigades were formed , the 3rd East African Infantry Brigade and the 6th East African Infantry Brigade . Initially a Coastal Division and a Northern Frontier District Division were planned . But , instead , on 19 July , the 1st ( African ) Division and the 2nd ( African ) Division were formed . On 24 November , these divisions became the 11th African Division and the 12th African Division . By July 1940 , under the terms of a war contingency plan , the Royal West African Frontier Force provided two brigades for service in Kenya . One brigade was from the Gold Coast ( Ghana ) and one brigade was from Nigeria . The Nigerian brigade , together with two East African brigades ( KAR brigades ) and some South Africans , formed 11th African Division . The 12th African Division had a similar formation with a Ghanaian brigade taking the place of a Nigerian brigade . By January 1941 , the 12th African Division included the following brigades : Combat history . The 12th African Division was one of the three divisions under Lieutenant - General Alan Cunningham in Kenya . During the East African Campaign , the 12th African Division attacked from Kenya into Italian Somaliland and then advanced into Ethiopia .
Ordnance QF 32 - pounder The Ordnance QF 32 pounder or ( 32 - pdr ) was a British 94 mm gun , developed as a replacement for the Ordnance QF 17 pounder ( 17 - pdr ) anti tank and tank gun . Like the German 88 mm gun it was developed from an anti - aircraft ( AA ) gun , in this case the QF 3 . 7 inch AA gun . Developed during World War II the gun was used in the experimental Tortoise heavy tank and as a trial installation in a single de Havilland Mosquito fighter bomber . The 32 - pdr fired a 32 lb armour piercing shot at a muzzle velocity of 2880 ft / s . Development was halted with the end of the war , and the 17 - pdr was replaced with the 20 - pdr for tank use , and with the intention to develop guided weapons for infantry use . At least one 32 pounder was developed as an anti - tank gun on a wheeled carriage .
Japanese warship Hōō Maru The was one of Japan ' s first Western - style warship following the country ' s period of Seclusion . She was built by the governor of Uraga , Nakajima Saburosuke ( Jp : 中島三郎助 ) , following the 1846 visit of the American Commodore James Biddle , and the 1853 visit of Commodore Perry . Her construction started in 1853 , and was completed in July 1854 . Her sails had black bands , in the style characteristic of early Tokugawa western - style sailships .
63rd Coast Artillery ( United States ) The 63rd Coast Artillery is a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army . Lineage . Constituted and organized 10 December 1917 as 63rd Artillery ( CAC ) at Fort Worden , Wa . Shipped to Camp Mills June 1918 , arrived in France 14 July 1918 . and assigned to 39th Brigade CAC . returned to Camp Mills February 1919 , demoblized at Camp Lewis 21 March 1919 . Redesignated 63rd Antiaircraft Battalion , ( CAC ) 1 June 1922 and companies given serial numbers as follows - Redesignated 63rd Coast Artillery ( AA ) Regiment on 1 July 1924 and reorganized as follows - 63rd Artillery ( CAC ) reconstituted and consolidated with 63rd Coast Artillery ( AA ) Regiment 7 March 1932 . 2nd Battalion activated at Fort MacArthur 12 October 1939 . Regiment reassigned to Fort Bliss 6 December 1940 . regiment assigned to Louisiana Maneuvers 11 August 1941 to 28 September 1941 . Deactivated at Seattle on 10 September 1943 and broken up as follows - 63rd AAA Gun Battalion inactivated 10 March 1947 at Okinawa . Reactivated 15 November 1949 at Fort Bliss , Texas . Redesignated 1 October 1953 as 63rd Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion . Inactivated 1 September 1958 in Germany . A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1 / 2 inches ( 3 . 81 cm ) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned : Purple a pile Or , three winged projectiles one and two counterchanged . Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “ AMOR PATRIAE ” in Purple letters . The shield is the heraldic representation of the golden gate , the yellow opening of the setting sun and the two purple headlands and thereon are three antiaircraft winged projectiles . The motto translates to “ The Love Of Country . ” The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 63d Antiaircraft Battalion on 30 January 1924 . It was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 30 October 1951 . The insignia was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 22 May 1956 . Purple a pile Or , three winged projectiles one and two counterchanged . On a wreath of the colors Or and Purple , a dexter arm embowed Proper holding a broken lance Gules . Motto : AMOR PATRIAE ( The Love Of Country ) . The shield is the heraldic representation of the golden gate , the yellow opening of the setting sun and the two purple headlands and thereon are three antiaircraft winged projectiles . The crest is the crest of General Winfield Scott for whom one of the forts was named and indicates the place of activation after World War I . The motto is also that of the Scott family . Coat of Arms . Background . The coat of arms was originally approved for the 3d Antiaircraft Battalion on 16 December 1921 . It was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Battalion on 4 October 1922 . It was redesignated for the 63d Coast Artillery Regiment on 1 May 1924 . It was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion on 18 December 1944 . The insignia was redesignated for the 63d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 22 May 1956 . Campaign streamers . World War I World War II Decorations . none
Rudolf Rott Rudolf Rott was a Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Hauptsturmführer Rudolf Rott was awarded a posthumous Knight ' s Cross in February 1945 , for his actions while in command of the 1st Company , 11th SS Panzer Regiment " Hermann von Salza " , 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division " Nordland " . He did not survive the war but was killed in action on 12 February 1945 .
Era of Fragmentation The Era of Fragmentation is a period of Tibetan history between the 9th and 11th centuries . During this era , the political centralization of the earlier Tibetan Empire collapsed following a civil war between Yumtän ( " Yum brtan " ) and Ösung ( " ’ Od - srung " ) . The period was dominated by rebellions against the remnants of imperial Tibet and the rise of regional warlords . Civil war and the decline of imperial Tibet . The last king of the Tibetan empire , Langdarma , was assassinated in 842 - 846 , by either a Buddhist hermit or a monk named Pelgyi Dorje of Lhalung . The assassination left two possible heirs , Yumtän and Ösung , to fight for the throne , leading to a civil war . The successors of Osung controlled the region of Ngari , while the successors of Yumtän controlled Ü region . The son of Ösung was Pälkhortsän ( " Dpal ' khor brtsan " ) ( 865 – 895 or 893 – 923 ) , who would sire two sons , Trashi Tsentsän ( " Bkra shis brtsen brtsan " ) and Thrikhyiding ( " Khri khyi lding " ) , also called Kyide Nyigön ( " Skyid lde nyi ma mgon " ) in some sources . Thrikhyiding migrated to the western Tibetan region of upper Ngari ( " Stod Mnga ris " ) and married a woman of high central Tibetan nobility , with whom he founded a local dynasty . This civil war weakened the political authority of the Tibetan monarchy , dissolving Tibet into separate tribes and small kingdoms . Revolts and warlords . The dissolution of a centralized empire allowed Tibetan peasants , dissatisfied with the political turmoil , to rebel against regional governments . These uprisings split imperial Tibet into a multitude of separate , autonomous kingdoms , each ruled by a local warlord . The warlords constantly fought for political dominance , utilizing private armies and military fortresses . Between 842 and 1247 AD , no central authority was in control of Tibet . Traditional accounts of the period focus on religion . The Era of Fragmentation is depicted as a low point in the development of Tibetan Buddhism , with the Buddhist monastic order facing persecution and exile . Monastic Buddhism was alleged to have only persevered in the political periphery of Tibet , Amdo , then largely dominated by non - Tibetan tribes , and would not be conquered by a central Tibetan polity until the 10th century . According to this account , during the reign of Langdarma , three monks fled to Mt . Dantig in Amdo . Their disciple Muzu Saelbar ( " Mu - zu gSal - ' bar " ) , later known as the scholar Gongpa Rabsal ( " bla chen dgongs pa rab gsal " ) ( 832 – 915 ) , was responsible for the renewal of Buddhism in northeastern Tibet . The students of Rabsal are said to have returned to central Tibet , where they re - introduced monastic Buddhism . Modern historians contest traditional views of the era , arguing that Buddhism was in fact widespread during the period , and that regional political authorities shared a close relationship with Buddhist monastic leaders .
USS Hawk ( IX - 14 ) USS " Hawk " ( PY - 2 / IX - 14 ) was the converted civilian yacht " Hermione " , built by Fleming & Ferguson , Paisley , Scotland , in 1891 for Henry L . Pierce . The yacht was purchased by the United States Navy on 2 April 1898 , renamed " Hawk " , and commissioned three days later , Lt . John Hood in command . Spanish - American War . " Hawk " sailed from Key West in late April 1898 to join the North Atlantic Squadron in blockading Cuba during the Spanish - American War . On 23 May she accompanied Admiral Sampson ' s flagship out from Key West . Two weeks later she attacked and destroyed enemy ship " Alphonso XII " , which carried cargo for Cuba . In late summer she departed for Norfolk where she decommissioned on 14 September 1898 . Naval militia service . Recommissioned in 1900 , she was loaned to the Ohio Naval Militia where she served for nine years . On 3 August 1909 " Hawk " was transferred to the Naval Militia of New York , and served for 10 years in the Buffalo area . She decommissioned on 21 May 1919 and joined the Reserve Fleet . After World War I , she was reclassified as PY - 2 , and again redesignated IX - 14 on 1 July 1921 . Great Lakes . " Hawk " once again recommissioned on 16 April 1922 and was assigned to the 9th Naval District . She operated in the Great Lakes area for the duration of her service . She decommissioned on 14 February 1940 and was sold on 25 February to the Indiana Salvage Co . , Michigan City , Indiana .
Robert Pearson Captain Robert Pearson ( May 18 , 1879 – July 3 , 1956 ) was a soldier and politician from Alberta , Canada . Pearson was first elected as a non - partisan to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1917 Alberta general election as the top pick in the , At large soldiers ' and nurses vote from voters fighting overseas in World War I . Roberta MacAdams was elected second in the block vote by a very narrow margin behind his total . He kept his seat in the legislature after the war by running in the 1921 Alberta general election and becoming the fifth person elected in a block vote in the Calgary electoral district . Robert served his 2nd term in office as an Independent . He did not run again in 1926 and retired from the legislature after two terms .
INS Himgiri ( F34 ) INS " Himgiri " ( F34 ) was a Nilgiri class frigate of the Indian Navy . " Himgiri " was commissioned into the Navy on 23 November 1974 . She was decommissioned on 6 May 2005 . Operations . INS " Himgiri " holds the record for the number of days at sea in a single deployment for a conventional ship of the Indian Navy . In 1976 , she was the first ship of the Indian Navy to shoot down a pilotless aircraft .
USS Bridge ( AF - 1 ) The first USS " Bridge " ( AF - 1 ) was the lead ship of her class of stores ships for the United States Navy , and served in both World War I and World War II . Early career . " Bridge " was launched on 18 May 1916 at the Boston Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . Granville Searcy Fleece , a grandniece of Commodore Bridge ; and commissioned on 2 June 1917 , Lieutenant Commander W . K . Riddle in command . Following her commissioning " Bridge " loaded stores and provisions , and transported and issued them to the fleet and shore stations . World War I . During 1917 – 18 she made four round trips across the Atlantic as a unit of the Naval Overseas Transportation Service . On 1 July 1918 , while at New York , she was assigned to the Train , Atlantic Fleet , and operated between New York , York River , and the $ 3 . Inter - war period . In 1922 she sailed for Europe and duty with the U . S . Naval Detachment in Turkish Waters . Remaining a year in that area , she then joined Train , Squadron 1 , Base Force , U . S . Fleet , in servicing and provisioning the Fleet from bases on both the east and west coasts of the United States , the Caribbean , and Canal Zone . In 1937 – 38 " Bridge " spent six months on temporary duty with the Asiatic Fleet . In 1940 – 41 she made 11 voyages between California bases and Pearl Harbor ; the tenth trip also included the outlying bases of Midway Island , Guam and Wake Island . One of her commanding officers during the 1920s was Ernest J . King , future Chief of Naval Operations and US fleet commander during World War II . World War II . With the entry of the United States into World War II " Bridge " expanded her Pacific voyages to include the Fiji , Tonga , and New Caledonia Islands . Between 10 August and 20 October 1942 she shuttled cargo between San Francisco and Alaska and then returned to the South Pacific . Between October 1942 and April 1943 she carried cargo to the Hawaii , Tonga , Loyalty Islands , and Samoan Islands . From 2 April until 3 July 1943 she ferried supplies between Nouméa , New Caledonia , and Auckland , New Zealand . In July she steamed to San Francisco and thence to Alaska where she operated until October . She returned to Pearl Harbor on 3 November and operated between the Hawaiian and Ellice Islands until April 1944 . Between 19 April 1944 and 27 April 1945 " Bridge " operated exclusively between Pearl Harbor and the Marshall Islands . During 9 – 22 May and 11 July - 13 August 1945 she landed supplies at Okinawa , returning to Pearl Harbor each time . On 10 October 1945 " Bridge " departed Pearl Harbor and steamed to Japan , via Okinawa , for occupation duty . While operating off Korea on 1 November , she struck a mine and suffered considerable damage but no personnel casualties . Towed to Japan on 21 November by , she underwent repairs at Sasebo until January 1946 . " Bridge " remained on occupation duty until June 1946 . She was decommissioned at Sasebo on 27 June 1946 ; turned over to the Foreign Liquidation Commission for disposal ; and sold at Manila , Philippine , on 22 December 1947 . " Bridge " received one battle star for her World War II service .
Sir Richard Fletcher , 1st Baronet Lieutenant - Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher , 1st Baronet ( 1768 – 31 August 1813 ) was an engineer in the British Army known for his work on the Lines of Torres Vedras . Fletcher served in the West Indies , being wounded in action during the capture of St . Lucia in 1791 . During 1799 he took part in the preparation of the defences for the Turks in the Dardanelles . An expedition in 1800 , to reconnoitre the Egyptian port of Alexandria , lead to his capture by the French navy ; he was held prisoner until his release following the capture of Alexandria . Returning to England in 1802 , he was subsequently sent to fight in the Battle of Copenhagen , before participating in the Peninsular War as chief engineer , with the rank of lieutenant colonel , to General Sir Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington . He was responsible for building the celebrated Lines of Torres Vedras . He also saw action at the Battle of Buçaco and the sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz , taking a wound in the groin in the latter engagement . He returned to England to recover , and was made a baronet on 14 December 1812 , and awarded a pension and the Army Gold Cross for Talavera , Bussaco , Ciudad Rodrigo , and Badajoz . He returned in 1813 and directed the sieges of Pamplona and San Sebastián . He was killed in action during the final assault on San Sebastián on 31 August 1813 . Though Fletcher was buried near San Sebastián , a monument to his memory stands at the western side of the north aisle in Westminster Abbey , London . His eldest son died without issue and one of his five daughters – Harriet – married the Rev . William Darwin Fox , a second cousin of Charles Darwin .
André Kempster Major André Gilbert Kempster ( 26 October 1916 - 21 August 1943 ) , born André Gilberto Coccioletti , was awarded the George Cross posthumously " . . . in recognition of most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner " for an act of self - sacrifice in Algeria during the Second World War . 21 August 1943 . On 21 August 21 , 1943 , near Philippeville [ Skikda ] , Major Kempster was instructing two fellow soldiers how to throw hand grenade s from a practice pit . A grenade , which had been thrown by Major Kempster , rolled back into the pit . He attempted to scoop the grenade out of the pit but failed to do so . By this time detonation was due . Without hesitation Major Kempster threw himself on the grenade just before it exploded and received fatal injuries . This act undoubtedly saved the lives of the two other occupants of the pit . George Cross citation . Kempster ' s George Cross citation appeared in the London Gazette on 9 November 1943 : Sale of medal . Major Kempster ' s George Cross was sold by Spinks on 28 March 1995 for an expected price of £2 , 800 - £3 , 200 .
Gene Budig Gene Budig ( born May 25 , 1939 in McCook , Nebraska ) was the president of Major League Baseball ' s American League from to , when the presidencies of the American League and the National League were abolished . Budig graduated from the University of Nebraska . Budig served as president of Illinois State University from 1973 – 1977 and of West Virginia University from 1977 – 1980 and was the chancellor of the University of Kansas from 1980 - 1994 . A lecture hall at KU , Budig Hall , is named in his honor . Active in the Air National Guard , Budig retired at the rank of Major General in 1992 . In January 2007 , Budig became part - owner of the Charleston RiverDogs , a minor - league affiliate of the New York Yankees who play in the South Atlantic League .