naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
6th Blackshirt Division ( Tevere ) The Italian 6th Blackshirt Division " Tevere " ( Tiber ) was an Italian Blackshirt militia unit formed for the Second Italo - Abyssinian War by volunteers . However due to age ( World War I veterans ) , physical disabilities ( amputated veterans ) , lack of military training ( Italians living abroad ) and lack of supporting machinguns and pack artillery limited combat value . Nevertheless it saw some combat in minor actions on the Somali front , and performed creditably under the command of Gen . Enrico Boscardi . Order of Battle 1935 - 36 . 6th Blackshirt Division " Tevere " Notes :
French ship Suffren ( 1824 ) The Suffren was a 90 - gun Ship of the line of the French Navy named in honour of Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez , lead ship of her class . Career . The " Suffren " was the first ship of the line built with straight sides , instead of the traditional tumblehome common on ships of the line . She took part in the Battle of Tagus on 11 July 1831 , under Captain Trotel , as Albin Roussin ' s flagship , and stayed off Lisbon for one month thereafter , leaving Portugal on 14 August . The next year , she took part in the Battle of Ancona , on 22 February , ferrying 1500 infantrymen . In 1838 she ran aground near Cádiz after a tempest . She was refloated by the steam ships " Iéna " and " Phare " . She took part in the war against Morocco in August 1844 , bombing Tangier on the 6 August and landing troops in Mogador on 16 . In 1854 , the Suffren was involved in the Crimean War . In July , an epidemic of cholera in the fleet in the Black Sea killed 20 and sickened 100 aboard . On 17 October , " Suffren " took part in the siege of Sevastopol . The next year , she was converted to a troop ship . From 1857 to 1860 , she was used as a gunnery school by the École Navale , before being stricken on 4 April 1861 and converted to a hulk . She was renamed " Ajax " on 8 April 1865 , and scrapped in 1874 .
Walmer Castle Walmer Castle was built by Henry VIII in 1539 – 1540 as an artillery fortress to counter the threat of invasion from Catholic France and Spain . It was part of his programme to create a chain of coastal defences along England ' s coast known as the Device Forts or as Henrician Castles . It was one of three forts constructed to defend the Downs , an area of safe anchorage protected by the Goodwin Sands , in Kent , south east England . The other forts were at Deal and Sandown . The castle is now owned and managed by English Heritage . Design . At the centre of Walmer Castle is a circular keep , surrounded by an open courtyard and protected by a concentric wall , from which four , squat , semi - circular bastion s project . The northern bastion forms the gatehouse and would have had a gun on its roof ; the other bastions would have had guns mounted inside them and on the roof . The central keep would also have had guns mounted on its roof giving the castle the capacity to mount 39 guns . A gallery running around the castle at basement level has 32 loops for hand - guns covering the moat . History . Tudors and Stuarts . The defences were never put to the test during the Tudor period and it wasn ' t until 1648 , during the English Civil War , that the castle finally came under siege . The three ' castles of the Downs ' were initially held for Parliament , but the forces switched allegiance to support the Royalist cause . It took Parliamentary forces , led by Colonel Rich , nearly three months to defeat the three castles , with Walmer surrendering first after a three - week siege . Lord Warden ' s residence & gardens . In 1708 Walmer Castle took on a new role as the residence of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . The Cinque Ports Confederation originated in the 11th century when the five ports of Hastings , Romney , Hythe , Dover and Sandwich joined forces to provide ships and men for the defence of the coast and protection of cross - channel trade . In return for these services they received substantial local privileges including immunity from all external courts of justice and from national taxation . In the 13th century the office of Warden was instituted to oversee and regulate the affairs of the Confederation . Initially this position carried real power , but with the forming of a Royal Navy and the decline of the Cinque Ports , the role of Warden became more of an honorary position bestowed to those who had given distinguished service to the state . Over the years successive Wardens converted the fort and its grounds into a comfortable country house and gardens . Resident Wardens included William Pitt the Younger ( whose niece Lady Hester Stanhope initiated the castle ' s gardens , using labour from the local militia ) , the Duke of Wellington ( who died here ) , Sir Winston Churchill and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth , The Queen Mother . Memorabilia from these past Wardens , including two rooms dedicated to the Duke of Wellington , can be viewed at the castle . The present warden is Admiral Lord Boyce .
Goldsmith W . Hewitt Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt ( February 14 , 1834 – May 27 , 1895 ) was a U . S . Representative from Alabama . Biography . Born near Elyton ( now Birmingham ) , Jefferson County , Alabama , Hewitt attended the country schools . He entered the Confederate States Army in June 1861 as a private in Company B , 10th Regiment Alabama Infantry . He was promoted to captain of Company G , Twenty - eighth Regiment , Alabama Infantry , in 1862 . He was graduated from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University , Lebanon , Tennessee , in 1866 . He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Birmingham , Alabama . He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1870 and 1871 , and as a member of the State senate from 1872 to 1874 , resigning in the latter year . Hewitt was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - fourth and Forty - fifth Congresses ( March 4 , 1875 – March 3 , 1879 ) . Hewitt was elected to the Forty - seventh and Forty - eighth Congresses ( March 4 , 1881 – March 3 , 1885 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Pensions ( Forty - eighth Congress ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1884 . He resumed the practice of law . He was again a member of the State house of representatives 1886 - 1888 . He died in Birmingham , Alabama , on May 27 , 1895 and was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery .
86th Carnatic Infantry The 86th Carnatic Infantry were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1794 , when they were raised as the 34th Madras Battalion . Their first action was in the Battle of Nagpore in the Fourth Anglo - Mysore War ; then the Battle of Kemendine in the First Burmese War . They returned to Burma in 1885 , in the Second Burmese War . During World War I they were attached to the 9th ( Secunderabad ) Division which remained in India , on internal security and training duties . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . In 1922 , the 86th Carnatic Infantry became the 10th ( Training ) Battalion , 3rd Madras Regiment . The regiment was later disbanded for economic reasons .
HMS Surprize ( 1746 ) HMS " Surprize " was a 24 - gun sixth rate ship of the Royal Navy . She was built to the 1741 revised specifications of the 1719 Establishment by James Wyatt and John Major at Bucklers Hard on the Beaulieu River in Hampshire and launched on 27 January 1745 . She was broken up in 1770 .
Neuberg ( castle ) Neuberg ( also Neuberk ) is a ruins of castle in Podhradí , Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic . History . A castle was built by Neuberg , probably in late 13th century , but first mentioned was in 1288 . In that year , after Albrech von Neuberg death , emperor Rudolph I of Bohemia handed Neuberg and whole village to lords of Plauen , as a fief . Later , castle was damaged by armada of Charles IV , because a bandits live here . In 1392 , village and castle was inherited by Zedtwitz , and became a centre of whole Aš - region . After big fire in 1610 , a castle was seriously damaged . Family of Zedwitz fall apart , and individual stems moving to new chateaus in Aš , Kopaniny , Doubrava , Smrčina and two chateas in Podhradí . From this moment , castle left uninhabited . In this days exist a 22 metres high castle tower only . Local council make efforts to save it , but , because of bad financial situation is a big problem .
Operation Nasrat Operation Nasrat ( English : " Triumph " ) was a military campaign by the Afghan insurgency in September 2007 . It was focused on targeting American and Coalition forces operating in Helmand and Kabul Province . The start of the campaign was timed to coincide with the beginning of Ramadan , and it was announced that it would be led by commander Mullah Beradar , who had been reported killed by Coalition forces a month earlier . Timeline . The opening day of the operation saw three simultaneous attacks ; one strike employed a suicide bomber detonating himself at a police station in Nad Ali District , killing four officers and three civilians . A British logistics convoyed was bombed in Gereshk , killing Cpl . Ivano Violino and destroying his Volvo FL - 12 dumptruck . Meanwhile , gunmen killed Haji Merhjan Hadil , a cleric known for his support of the American - backed government . On October 2 , Helmand militant Abdullah Ghazi wore a stolen military uniform and tried to board a bus full of Afghan National Army soldiers , and detonated his explosive vest when confronted . The explosion killed 27 soldiers instantly , and three later died of their wounds . On October 4 , a command wire IED detonated as the British 1st Battalion RGR were returning to their base in Kandahar from a mission in Gereshk , killing Major Alexis Roberts . During the firefight that followed a Taliban mortar team were killed .
Albatros D . X The Albatros D . X was a German prototype single - seat fighter biplane developed in 1918 in parallel with the D . IX . It used the same slab - sided , flat - bottomed fuselage ( a departure from previous Albatros designs ) but was powered by a 145 kW ( 195 hp ) Benz Bz . IIIb o water - cooled vee - 8 engine in place of the D . IX ' s Mercedes D . III a straight - six . The D . X participated in the second D - type contest at Adlershof in June 1918 , but development ceased at the prototype stage .
USS Watonwan ( ID - 4296 ) USS " Watonwan " ( ID - 4296 ) was a United States Navy cargo ship in commission in 1919 . " Watonwan " was a steel - hulled , single - screw freighter built for the United States Shipping Board in 1918 at Bristol , Pennsylvania , by the Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation . In 1919 she was taken over by the U . S . Navy for operation by the Naval Overseas Transportation Service ( NOTS ) . Assigned Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 4296 , she was placed in commission at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 4 February 1919 with Lieutenant Commander Arnold H . Lewis , USNRF , in command . After loading 7 , 087 tons of flour , " Watonwan " departed Philadelphia on 19 February 1919 , bound for the British Isles , and arrived in Falmouth , England , on 5 March 1919 . After discharging a part of her cargo there , she departed Falmouth on 12 March 1919 and called at Plymouth , England , and Gibraltar before departing Gibraltar on 22 March 1919 for Italy . Reaching Genoa on 26 March 1919 , she discharged the last of her cargo of flour there , loaded 1 , 250 tons of stone ballast , and sailed via Gibraltar for the United States . " Watonwan " tarried briefly at Norfolk , Virginia , arriving on 26 April 1919 and departing on 27 April 1919 , before moving on to New Orleans , Louisiana . She arrived there on 8 May 1919 and was decommissioned on 14 May 1919 . She was simultaneously struck from the Navy List and returned to the Shipping Board . Laid up in 1923 , " Watonwan " was eventually abandoned , due to age and deterioration , in 1931 .
John Henslow ( Surveyor of the Navy ) Sir John Henslow ( 9 October 1730 – 22 September 1815 ) was Surveyor to the Navy ( Royal Navy ) a post he held jointly or solely from 1784 to 1806 . Career . He was 7th child of John Henslow a master carpenter in the dockyard at Woolwich Cape Henslow on Guadalcanal is named after him Among the vessels he designed were the Acute class gun - brigs and four frigates to the same design , the first of which was " Phoebe " . The Laurel class post ship sixth rates were a series of six ships built to his 1805 design . Perhaps his smallest vessels were the two " Placentia " - class sloops of 42 tons burthen , which he designed for coastal patrol duties off Newfoundland . His son John Prentis Henslow , solicitor , was father of John Stevens Henslow . He was also the grandfather of Francis Hartwell Henslowe , who was the son of Edward Prentis Henslow .
Whidbey Island - class dock landing ship The Whidbey Island class dock landing ship is a dock landing ship of the United States Navy . Introduced to fleet service in 1985 , this class of ship features a massive well deck for the transport of four LCAC hovercraft for landing Marines . All ships of the class are scheduled to undergo a midlife upgrade over the next five years to ensure they remain in service through 2038 . The ships will be upgraded each year through 2013 , and the last ship will be modernized in 2014 . Ships homeported on the East Coast will undergo upgrades at Metro Machine Corp . , and ships based on the West Coast will receive upgrades at General Dynamics National Steel and Shipbuilding Company in San Diego . Major elements of the upgrade package include diesel engine improvements , fuel and maintenance savings systems , engineering control systems , increased air conditioning and chill water capacity , and replacement of air compressors . The ships also replaced steam systems with all - electric functionality that will decrease maintenance effort and expense . Ships . The Whidbey Island ( LSD 41 ) and Tortuga ( LSD 46 ) are to be decommissioned during the FYDP 2013 - 2018 and the remaining ships of the class are to be retired before the end of their service lives .
Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant Riverbank Army Ammunition Plant is located just outside Riverbank , California , in Stanislaus County . It includes 132 buildings , 19 from the original construction period , and covers . In 2005 , the Base Realignment and Closure commission recommended that this base be closed .
Stalag VIII - C Stalag VIII - C was a German World War II prisoner - of - war camp , near Sagan , Germany , ( now Żagań , Poland ) . It was adjacent to the famous Stalag Luft III , and was built at the beginning of World War II , occupying . Camp history . The camp was built in September 1939 to house several thousand Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive . In a ruthless breach of the Third Geneva Convention most of these prisoners were deprived of their P . O . W . status in June 1940 and transferred to labor camps . French and Belgian soldiers taken prisoner during the Battle of France took their place , many of them from Algeria , Morocco and Senegal . In 1941 more prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign mostly British , Canadian , Greek and Yugoslav . These were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa . In late 1941 nearly 50 , 000 prisoners were crowded into space designed for one third that number . Conditions were appalling , starvation , epidemics and ill - treatment took a heavy toll of lives . By early 1942 the Soviet prisoners had been transferred to other camps , particularly to Stalag VIII - E , Neuhammer . New prisoners arrived form the Western Desert Campaign in north Africa , especially after the fall of Tobruk in December 1941 . These were principally Australians , South Africans ( both white and black ) and Poles . Evacuation and repatriation . In early February 1945 , many of the prisoners , particularly British and Commonwealth , were marched westward ahead of the Soviet offensive . The German camp command destroyed all documentation and evidence of the crimes committed . 14 February the Red Army entered the camp . They later used the camp to house German prisoners . In 1961 a monument was erected at the cemetery in remembrance of the thousands who died and are buried here . In 1971 the " Martyrdom Museum of Allied Prisoners of War " was established on the site of the camp to house mementos and records of both Stalag VIII - C and Stalag Luft III .
Castlereagh Aerodrome Castlereagh Aerodrome was a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) emergency landing ground and dispersal ground during World War II at Castlereagh , New South Wales , Australia . The runway was x . The airfield was to become home to No . 94 Squadron ' s Mosquito aircraft and had been upgraded by No . 9 Airfield Construction Squadron , however the aircraft did not arrive before No . 94 Squadron was relocated to RAAF Base Richmond and disbanded . After disposal by the RAAF , the airfield was used as a drag strip eventually closing in April 1984 , becoming Castlereagh Country Estate .
USS Chinook ( SP - 644 ) The first USS " Chinook " ( SP - 644 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Chinook " was built as a private motorboat of the same name . In 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was enrolled in the Naval Coast Defense Reserve on 19 October 1917 and commissioned as USS " Chinook " ( SP - 644 ) in 1917 . " Chinook " performed patrol duty on the Detroit River for four months and was returned to her owner in February 1918 .
568th Air Defense Group The 568th Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command ( ADC ) ' s 4709th Air Defense Wing at McGuire Air Force Base ( AFB ) , New Jersey , where it was inactivated in 1954 . The group was originally activated as a support unit for a combat group at the end of World War II on Guam , but was soon inactivated . The group was activated once again in 1952 to replace the support elements of the inactivating 52d Fighter - Interceptor Wing . A year later ADC established it as an operational headquarters for fighter - interceptor squadrons as well . It was replaced in 1954 when ADC transferred McGuire to Military Air Transport Service and its operational squadrons were transferred to other ADC units . History . World War II . The group was activated toward the end of World War II as the 568th Air Service Group as part of a reorganization of Army Air Forces ( AAF ) support groups in which the AAF replaced Service Groups that included personnel from other branches of the Army and supported two combat groups with Air Service Groups including only Air Corps units . It was designed to support a single combat group . Its 1031st Air Engineering Squadron provided maintenance that was beyond the capability of the combat group , its 1032nd Air Materiel Squadron handled all supply matters , and its Headquarters & Base Services Squadron provided other support . Provided support for one combat group in the Pacific Theater . It was disbanded in 1948 . Cold War . During the Cold War the group was reconstituted , redesignated as the 568th Air Base Group , and activated at McGuire AFB in 1952 in a major reorganization of ADC responding to ADC ' s difficulty under the existing wing base organizational structure in deploying fighter squadrons to best advantage . It replaced the 52nd Air Base Group as host unit for McGuire . Assigned seven squadron s to perform its support responsibilities . Also maintained aircraft stationed at McGuire . The group was redesignated as the 568th Air Defense Group in 1953 and assumed responsibility for air defense of Northeast United States . It was assigned the 2d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron ( FIS ) and 5th FIS , flying F - 94 Starfire aircraft from the 4709th Defense Wing as its operational elements . The 2nd FIS and 5th FIS were already stationed at McGuire . The same month that it transferred to the 568th the 2nd FIS briefly traded its F - 94s for F - 84 Thunderjet Aircraft . Both the 2nd FIS and the 5th FIS converted to radar equipped F - 86 Sabres in July 1953 . In 1954 , McGuire AFB transferred from ADC to Military Air Transport Service , and the group was inactivated . The group ' s support components were replaced by elements of the 1611th Air Transport Wing Its operational flying squadrons were assigned back to the 4709th Air Defense Wing . The group was disbanded once again in 1984 . References . Bibliography . Further Reading
Ian Macfadyen Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen , CB , OBE , RAF ( born 19 February 1942 ) , is a British retired Air Marshal who was the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man until 14 October 2005 . He was appointed following a successful career in the Royal Air Force . RAF career . Born the son of Air Marshal Sir Douglas Macfadyen , Ian Macfadyen was educated at Marlborough College and entered the RAF College Cranwell in 1960 . He became a flying instructor and a member of the Poachers formation aerobatic team at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in 1970 and was appointed Officer Commanding of No . 29 Squadron in 1980 , with whom he saw operational service in the Falkland Islands , and Officer Commanding of No . 23 Squadron in 1983 . He went on to be Station Commander at RAF Leuchars in Fife in 1985 and Commander of British Forces in the Middle East in 1990 . Macfadyen served as the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff , Operational Requirements ( Air Systems ) from 1991 and as Director General of the Saudi Arabia Armed Forces Project from 1994 . He was promoted to Air Marshal in 1994 and retired from the RAF in February 1999 . After the RAF . He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man in October 2000 . He was the National President of the Royal British Legion from 2006 to December 2008 and is now the Honorary Inspector general of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force . Macfadyen was appointed Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle in succession to Surgeon Vice Admiral Ian L . Jenkins with effect from 10 August 2009 . Macfadyen has been the President of the Raflet Stamp Club since 1992 . External links .
Joseph Morrison Skelly Dr . Joseph Morrison Skelly is an Associate Professor of History at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in the Bronx , NY . His education includes a BA from the University of Notre Dame MA , and PhD from the University College Dublin . He is a frequent contributor for " National Review Online " , an Academic Fellow with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies , and also collaborates with conservative historian Victor Davis Hanson . Dr . Skelly is also an officer in the United States Army Reserves , and received a Bronze Star for his service during Operation Iraqi Freedom .