naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Richard Waghorn Flight Lieutenant Richard " Dick " Waghorn AFC ( 1904 – 1931 ) was an English aviator , a pilot with the Royal Air Force who flew the winning aircraft in the 1929 Schneider Trophy seaplane race . Early life . Henry Richard Danvers Waghorn was born on 6 September 1904 at Brompton in London the son of a civil engineer . In 1924 Waghorn became a cadet at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell , when he passed out in August 1924 he was awarded the Sword of Honour as the best all - round cadet . He was posted to No . 17 Squadron flying the Sopwith Snipe fighter . After a few years he was sent on a flying instructor ' s course at the Central Flying School , after the course he stayed with the CFS as a qualified flying instructor . In February 1929 he was posted to the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment at Felixstowe to train as part of the British team to contest the 1929 Schneider Trophy . Schneider Trophy . After training the British team moved to Calshot in April 1929 to prepare for the race against France , Italy , and the United States . The race was held on 6 September 1929 and was won by Waghorn flying his Supermarine S . 6 , he completed the course in 39 min 42 second at an average speed of . Waghorn was also to claim world record speeds for seaplanes , although team mate Richard Atcherley later registered higher speeds when he completed his laps of the circuit . But Waghorn had the highest average speed and the United Kingdom retained the trophy for the second time , following the team win in 1927 . After winning the trophy Waghorn was awarded the Air Force Cross and he continued to fly , mainly concerned with experimental and high speed flying . Family and sport . He had married Dollie Watson on 15 June 1929 and had a son . He had an interest in skiing and was second in a 3¾ miles race in the 1930 British Ski Championship and was a member of the Great Britain team . Death . On 5 May 1931 Waghorn was test flying a Hawker Horsley biplane bomber from Farnborough when he lost control in high winds , he and his passenger a civilian assistant E . R . Alexander parachuted from the aircraft . Alexander landed on a roof of a factory and had minor injuries but Waghorn was seriously injured and died on 7 May . The Horsley was being used to carry out experiments with radiators and had a prototype Rolls - Royce Buzzard engine fitted rather than the normal Condor . An inquest returned a verdict of accidental death .
Charlotte Bradford Charlotte Bradford ( June 20 , 1813 – 1893 ) was a nurse during the American Civil War and served as the matron of the U . S . Sanitary Commission ' s Soldier ' s Home and Home for Wives and Mothers in Washington , DC . The Civil War . Bradford departed Boston , Massachusetts in May 1862 to become a nurse on board one of the hospital ship s operated by the U . S . Sanitary Commission ( USSC ) . The USSC ' s Hospital Transport Service was organized in April 1862 and maintained until the end of the Peninsula Campaign in August 1862 .
City walls of Nuremberg The Nürnberg City walls surrounding the old town of Nuremberg in Bavaria , Germany . Built between 12th and 16th centuries they run for 5 kilometers ( about 4 kilometers still standing ) around the old town . The Nuremberg Castle together with the city wall is meant to be one of Europes most considerable medieval weir systems .
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Senatorov Aleksandr Sergeyevich Senatorov ( 8 October 1912 – 24 January 1993 ) was a commander in the Soviet armed forces . He was born in the village of Vyshelej in the Penzanskaya Oblast into a working - class family . He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) from 1938 onwards . Senatorov trained at the Penza Aviation School of the Civil Air Fleet . He entered the Soviet Army in 1930 and graduated from the Odessa Military Aviation School in 1932 . He participated in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939 , assisting the Republican government . As the commander of a detachment of a fast bomber squadron he bombed military targets deep in the rear of enemy lines . He personally led a group of bombers to the northern front , which landed without incident at a destroyed airfield . He completed 100 combat sorties . He was elevated to the status of a Hero of the Soviet Union on 14 Mar 1938 . He graduated from the General Staff Academy ’ s advanced course for command personnel in 1939 . During World War II he was a Major - General of Aviation and commanded the air force of an army and then was the deputy commander of the air forces of a front . He graduated from the General Staff Academy in 1948 and retired in 1963 as a Lieutenant - General and lived in Moscow until his death . The decorations he was awarded included two Orders of Lenin , two Orders of the Red Banner , the Order of Bogdan Khmel ’ nitskij , 1st Class , the Order of Suvorov , 2nd Class , the Order of the Great Patriotic War , 1st Class , two Orders of the Red Star , the Order of Merit , and other medals .
Albert Praun General Albert Praun ( 11 December 1894 , Bad Staffelstein – 3 March 1975 ) was a General in the German army who became the Chief Signals Officer of the Wehrmacht during World War II . Career . He joined the Bavarian Telegraph Battalion in 1913 as an officer cadet and served as a leutnant in Imperial German Army during World War I . He was retained in the Reichswehr and appointed the head of the telegraph force at Königsberg in 1933 . In 1935 he was appointed commander of the 38th Signals Battalion . In 1940 he was appointed Commanding Officer of the 396th Signals Regiment with the rank of Oberst . He was then appointed Chief Signals Officer of Panzer Group Hoth and Panzer Group Guderian in France where he was Chief Signals Officer at Military District C from 1940 to 1941 . He was then posted to the Eastern Front where he served as Chief Signals Officer of the 2nd Panzer Group and was promoted to Generalmajor on 1 August 1942 . He was the commanding officer of the 482nd and 486th Regiments and the 4th Panzer Grenadier Brigade . He was then appointed the commander of the 18th Panzer Division in February 1943 with the rank of Generalleutnant and the 129th Division and he served as the Chief Signals Officer of Army Group Centre and commander of the 277th Division . When General Erich Fellgiebel and then his deputy Fritz Thiele were arrested and subsequently executed for their roles in the July 20 plot , Praun was appointed to succeed them on 1 November 1944 as Chief Signals Officer at the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and Oberkommando des Heeres and was promoted to General der Nachrichtentruppe . Following his appointment he requested to Ernst Kaltenbrunner at the RSHA that no further signals officers be arrested as it would damage the operational effectiveness of the signals service and he acceded to the request . At the end of the war in May 1945 Praun was taken into captivity by the western allies and interrogated in France about his activities when serving there . At the end of August 1945 he was moved to prison camps at Neustadt , Hesse and Bad Hersfeld and he was released from captivity in June 1947 . In 1950 France requested Praun ' s extradition for war crimes committed when he served there , but the request was refused by the Americans on grounds of lack of evidence . He lived in Munich until his death aged 80 . In describing his military service , he wrote : " Soldat in der Telegraphen - un Nachrichtentruppe " .
Moriarty Air Force Station Moriarty Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 51 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located east - northeast of Moriarty , New Mexico . It was closed in 1961 . History . In late 1951 Air Defense Command selected this mountainous site near Moriarty , New Mexico as one of twenty - eight radar stations built as part of the second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . On 1 January 1951 the 768th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at Moriarty Air Force Station by the 540th Aircraft Control and Warning Group , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . The station consisted of 54 buildings ; 1 office building , 5 storage buildings , 5 barracks , 19 family housing units and 24 other buildings . The station had a branch of the Kirtland AFB BX , a theater , several service clubs , a library , swimming pool and tennis court . A housing area was built for married personnel . Initially operating an AN / CPS - 5 radar , by September 1952 the 768th AC & W Squadron operated AN / FPS - 3 and AN / FPS - 5 radars from the station . Six years later an AN / FPS - 20 radar replaced the AN / FPS - 3 search radar , and an AN / FPS - 6 performed height - finding duties . In 1960 Moriarty Air Force Station was transferred to the Federal Aviation Administration pending inactivation of the 768th , which was discontinued on 1 June 1961 . The facility was turned over to the General Services Administration for disposal in 1962 and was turned over to the State of New Mexico and several private owners . Today what was the station is abandoned , and owned by the State of New Mexico . The remaining buildings are overgrown with vegetation and unused . It is used by the State Highway and Transportation Department for material storage and solid waste disposal . It contains misc equipment such as concrete barriers , old signs , etc . but no indications that they visit the grounds frequently . The remainder of the former station is used for livestock grazing . The remains of Moriarty Air Force Station consist of six buildings still standing on the site . The buildings are gutted and in a decrepit state due to neglect and vandalism . All other buildings have been torn down . The streets remain on the site in very poor repair . Air Force units and assignments . Units : Assignments :
M5 mine The M5 is a U . S . minimum metal plastic cased anti - tank blast mine . The mine uses either a glass or porcelain internal case with a protective outer case . The mine uses a chemical fuse rather than a mechanical one . It contains either 5 . 4 lb ( 2 . 4 kg ) of TNT or 5 . 7 lb ( 2 . 6 kg ) of tetrytol ( a mixture of tetryl and TNT ) . It was used during the Second World War .
25th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call - sign was the . History . The 25th Division was formed in Tonei ( 東寧 ) , present day Mudanjiang , Manchukuo on 10 July 1940 , out of two pre - existing infantry regiments and a number of miscellaneous units and placed under the 5th Army group of the Kwantung Army as part of the final defenses of Manchukuo against the Soviet army . In March 1945 , it was withdrawn to Japan , and assigned to Miyazaki prefecture as part of the final defense of the Japanese home islands against the projected American invasion ( Operation Downfall ) . Organization . The Order of Battle of the 25th Division included : IJA 25th Division Allentown , PA : 1981
Burmese – Siamese War ( 1785 – 86 ) The Burmese – Siamese War ( 1785 – 1786 ) , known as the Nine Armies ' Wars in Siamese history because the Burmese came in nine armies , was fought between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma and the Chakri dynasty of Siam ( Thailand ) . King Bodawpaya of Burma pursued an ambitious campaign to expand his dominions into the lands of the former Ayutthaya Kingdom . His armies attacked Lanna in northern Siam , where the governor of Lampang managed to partly halt the Burmese , waiting for the troops from Bangkok . As Phitsanulok was captured , Rama I , himself , led an army to the north . In the south , Bodawpaya lie waiting at Chedi Sam Ong . The Front Palace ( Maha Sura Singhanat ) led his troops to the south the counter - attack the Burmese that came from Ranong through Nakhon Si Thammarat — the engagements occurred at Kanchanaburi . The Burmese also attacked Thalang ( Phuket ) , where to governor had just died . Chan , wife of the governor , and her sister Mook gathered people to defend Thalang against the Burmese . Today , Chan and Mook are revered as the two heroines , Thao Thepkrasattri and Thao Seesunthon . The Burmese proceeded to capture Songkhla . Upon hearing the news , the governors of Phatthalung Province fled . However , a monk named Phra Maha headed a force of villagers against the Burmese . Phra Maha was later raised to Phraya Thukkharat by Rama I . As his armies were destroyed , Bodawpaya retreated , only to renew attacks the next year ( 1786 ) . Bodawpaya , this time , didn ’ t divide his troops but instead formed into single army . Bodawpaya passed through the Chedi Sam Ong and settled in Ta Din Dang . The Front Palace marched the Siamese forces to face Bodawpaya . The fighting was very short and Bodawpaya was quickly defeated . This short war was called “ Ta Din Dang campaign ” . The campaign is commemorated by a park established by the Royal Thai Army from the town of Kanchanaburi .
VR - 59 Fleet Logistics Support Squadron Five Nine / FLELOGSUPPRON FIVE NINE ( VR - 59 ) , nicknamed The Lone Star Express , is a transport squadron of the Fleet Logistics Support Wing of the United States Navy . It is a reserve unit composed of both active duty and Selected Reserve sailors . The squadron maintains three modified Boeing Next - Generation 737 - 700C aircraft , designated as the C - 40A Clipper . Mission . The mission statement of VR - 59 is " " Navy unique fleet essential airlift providing around the clock worldwide logistics support to all military services , flying three C - 40A Clippers . " " For the month of May 2008 the squadron flew over 350 hours .
Battle of Ferkeh The Battle of Ferkeh ( or Firket ) occurred during the Mahdist War when an army of the Mahdi st Sudanese was surprised and wiped out by the British and Egyptian forces under Sir Herbert Kitchener on 7 June 1896 . In 1896 , as part of the Sudan campaign , Kitchener ' s Anglo - Egyptian force was advancing on Dongola , in Northern Sudan . Ferkeh was a small fortified village on the banks of the Nile . It was the first important Mahdist position they encountered . At the time , it was occupied by 3 , 000 Mahdist warriors , led by the Emir s Hammuda and Osman Azrak . Kitchener ' s force , nominally in service of the Khedive of Egypt , but in fact under direct British control , was composed of Egyptian and Sudanese soldiers , led by British officers . It numbered 9 , 000 men , accompanied by three batteries of field gun s and one battery of Maxim gun s . Kitchener divided his force into two columns . One was formed mostly of infantry , and had to march along the Nile to attack Ferkeh from the North . The other consisted of cavalry , camel - mounted infantry and horse artillery units and was sent through the desert to attack from the South - East . Both columns departed in the evening of the 6th , and marched through the night , deploying at dawn in the morning of the 7th . The attack caught the Mahdists completely by surprise , and they made only uncoordinated attacks against the deploying Egyptians , during which Hammuda was killed . Many of the Mahdists then turned and fled . The cavalry column should have cut off their retreat , but they were hidden from view by the terrain , and many made good their escape along the Nile , including Osman Azrak . Other Mahdists stayed in their fortifications in the village , and fought to the bitter end . The Egyptians had to clear the position with bayonet s . The battle lasted less than three hours — from 04 : 30 to 07 : 20 — and resulted in the deaths of 20 Egyptians and 800 to 1000 Mahdists . It was the first significant action during the Sudan campaign .
Don S . Wenger Don S . Wenger ( December 18 , 1911 – July 10 , 1986 ) was a Major General in the United States Air Force . Biography . Wenger was born in Monroe , Wisconsin in 1911 . He attended Milton College , the University of Wisconsin - Madison , the Marquette University School of Medicine , the St . Mary ' s University School of Law , and George Washington University . As a civilian he practiced medicine in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . Wenger died on July 10 , 1986 . Career . Wenger joined the military in 1942 . During World War II he served in Germany . In 1949 he was assigned to Chanute Air Force Base . From 1953 to 1957 he was assigned to the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States Air Force . In 1957 he was assigned to Lackland Air Force Base as Chairman of the Department of Surgery . Later Wenger was re - assigned to the Office of the Surgeon General as Chief Professional Consultant . His retirement was effective as of July 1 , 1967 .
RAAF Station Tocumwal RAAF Station Tocumwal ( ) was a major Royal Australian Air Force base during World War II . History . Located near the town of Tocumwal , New South Wales the base was established in early 1942 to provide a secure base for United States Army Air Forces heavy bomber units . While the USAAF does not appear to have used the base , it was heavily used by the RAAF and , from 1944 , was home to the RAAF ' s heavy bomber support and operational conversion units including No . 7 Operational Training Unit . While RAAF Station Tocumwal was closed following World War II the airfield remains in use and is a renowned gliding site .
Fort Custer National Cemetery Fort Custer National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located just outside of the Village of Augusta in Kalamazoo County , Michigan . It encompasses , and had 20 , 656 interments . History . Named for General George Armstrong Custer , the original Camp Custer was built in 1917 as part of the military mobilization during World War I . After the war , it also served as a demobilization camp . The cemetery itself was not created until 1943 . During World War II Fort Custer was expanded to serve as a training ground and as a place to hold German prisoners of war , 26 of which died while in captivity and were buried in the cemetery . Sixteen of the German POWs were killed in an accident when their truck collided with a train as they were returning to the fort from a work detail on a sugar beet farm near Blissfield , Michigan . The other 10 died from natural causes . It was not until 1981 that Fort Custer cemetery officially became Fort Custer National Cemetery , receiving a large plot of land from the Fort Custer National Military Reservation for expansion . In 1997 another expansion was made , with the addition of .
DF - 4 The Dong Feng 4 ( ) or DF - 4 ( also known as the CSS - 3 ) is a two - stage Chinese Intercontinental ballistic missile with liquid fuel ( Nitric acid / UDMH ) . It was thought to be deployed in limited numbers in underground silos beginning in the 1970s and early 1980s . The Dong Feng 4 has a takeoff thrust of 1 , 224 . 00 kN , a takeoff weight of 82000 kg , a diameter of 2 . 25 m , a length of 28 . 05 m and a fin span of 2 . 74 m . The range of the Dong Feng 4 , which is equipped with a 2 , 190 kg nuclear warhead with 3 . 3 Mt yield , with a nominal range of 5 , 500 km . This gives it sufficient range to strike targets as far away as Guam , India , and the Middle East . The missile uses an inertial guidance system , resulting in a large CEP of 1 , 500 meters . History . The decision to develop the DF - 4 was made in 1965 in response to the U . S . ballistic missile submarine patrols that began operating out of Guam . The missile ' s designer has been variously identified as Ren Xinmin or Tu Shou ' e [ 屠守锷 ] , and it was produced at Factory 211 ( Capital Astronautics Co . [ 首都航天机械公司 ] , also known as Capital Machine Shop [ 首都机械厂 ] ) . In 1972 US intelligence estimated an IOC for this system as being expected in 1974 or 1975 . Deployment actually began in 1975 - 76 , but only four DF - 4s were believed to be in place by 1984 . There were two versions of the missile developed , one version housed in caves or garages to be rolled out on launch and another silo based version . The U . S . DoD estimates that the missile will continue to serve as a regional deterrence instrument until they can be replaced by the DF - 31 . This will be a significant capability gain for the Second Artillery Corps . The DF - 31A has a range of 11 , 700 kilometers ( as opposed to just 7 , 000 for the DF - 4 ) and is road - and rail - mobile , and thus more survivable than the silo - based DF - 4 .
USS Kiowa ( ID - 1842 ) " Not to be confused with the patrol vessel , which was in commission at the same time . " The second USS " Kiowa " ( ID - 1842 ) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . Construction , acquisition , and commissioning . " Kiowa " was built as the commercial cargo ship SS " Kiowa " and launched in 1917 by the American Shipbuilding Company at Cleveland , Ohio , Ohio . Her design , which included an unusual rig , was based on a Norwegian design known as the " Fredrickstad " . She was one of the first of what became a large group of standard - type cargo ships constructed on the Great Lakes during World War I . On 13 or 26 February 1918 , the U . S . Navy took control of " Kiowa " from her owners , the Atlantic , Gulf and West Indies Steamship Line , for use during World War I and assigned her the naval registry identification number ( Id . No . ) 1842 . She was commissioned on 26 February 1918 as USS " Kiowa " ( ID - 1842 ) with Lieutenant Commander A . Hopen in command . U . S . Navy career . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " Kiowa " arrived at Norfolk , Virginia , on 25 March 1918 to transport coal along the United States East Coast . She carried a cargo of coal from Norfolk to Boston , Massachusetts . " Kiowa " returned to Norfolk during April 1918 to load naval mine s and minelaying equipment for the squadron engaged in laying the North Sea Mine Barrage . She departed Norfolk on 30 April 1918 and arrived at Oban , Scotland , in the United Kingdom on 20 May 1918 , after which she delivered mines and minelaying equipment to several ports in Scotland . She made two additional transatlantic voyages carrying naval mines and minelaying equipment to North Sea ports in July and September 1918 . " Kiowa " carried a load of coal from Norfolk to Charleston , South Carolina , in November 1918 , then cleared Norfolk on 6 December 1918 with a cargo of coal for Bermuda . She returned to Norfolk on 22 December 1918 and decommissioned there on 16 January 1919 for simultaneous transfer to the United States Shipping Board and return to her owners . Later commercial service . Once again SS " Kiowa " , the ship resumed commercial service . She had a long commercial career , serving as SS " Valka " , as the Latvian SS " Kurzeme " , and as SS " Elizebete " . " Elizabete " was scrapped in England in 1960 .