naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2nd Cavalry Division ( Reichswehr ) The 2nd Cavalry Division ( " 2 . Kavallerie - Division " ) was a unit of the Reichswehr , the armed forces of Germany during the Weimar Republic . It consisted of 6 cavalry regiments , the 7th , 8th , 9th , 10th and 11th ( Prussian ) Cavalry Regiments and the 12th ( Saxonian ) Cavalry Regiment . Its commanders were : It was subordinated to Gruppenkommando 1 .
Russian Aerospace Defence Forces The Aerospace Defence Forces ( or VKO ) is the branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation responsible for air and missile defence , and the operation of Russian military satellites and the Plesetsk Cosmodrome . Formed on 1 December 2011 , it replaced the Space Forces . The VKO was first commanded by former Space Forces commander Col Gen Oleg Ostapenko , who was promoted to Deputy Minister of Defence in November 2012 . On 24 December 2012 Aleksandr Golovko was appointed the new commander . Although it is officially translated as aerospace in English it covers both attacks from the air and from ( outer ) space , and some Russian writers translate it as " air and space " instead . History . In 1967 the Anti - Missile and Anti - Space Defence Forces were formed ( ) under Artillery Lieutenant General Yu . Votintsev . They were reorganised as the Ministry of Defence Space Units in 1982 . In 1991 the Soviet Union was broken up . The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were established on 7 May 1992 , enabling the creation of Russian Space Forces later that year on 10 August . They were merged with the Strategic Missile Troops in 1996 , but were reformed in 2001 . In 2006 President Vladimir Putin agreed with the idea of a new " Air and Space Defence Concept " from 2016 , but without the implication that it would be a separate service . In 2008 Aleksandr Zelin argued that the missile defence and space defence forces should be merged into the Air Force . On 30 November 2010 President Dmitry Medvedev said that air and space defence services would be under a single strategic command and the General Staff and Ministry of Defence had decided it would be on the basis of the Space Forces . In April 2011 the then Space Forces commander Oleg Ostapenko said that concept for the future system had been approved . The service was created by the presidential decree “ On changes to the composition of the Russian Armed Forces until January 1 , 2016 ” which has not been published . Thus , on December 1 , 2011 , the Space Forces became the Aerospace Defence Forces , fusing all space and some air defence components into one joint service . Organization . The new service consists of the Air and Space Defence Command ; and the Space Command . The structure is as follows : It is led by Oleg Maydanovich , former head of the Titov Centre . It is headed up by Sergey Popov who was formerly in charge of air defence in the Air Force . The Aerospace Defence Forces are located across Russia and have bases in some Commonwealth of Independent States countries such as early warning radar s in Azerbaijan ( until December 2012 ) , Kazakhstan and Belarus , and the Okno facility in Tajikistan . Facilities . Early warning of missile attack : Space surveillance : Missile defence :
Herbert Bartels Herbert Bartels ( 15 August 1917 – 1 July 2009 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Herbert Bartels was captured by American troops April 1945 , he was released in August . In 1956 he joined the Bundeswehr , retiring in 1972 .
147th Combat Communications Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 147th Combat Communications Squadron ( 147 CBCS ) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at San Diego , California . History . The 147th Combat Communications Squadron was constituted as the 147th Aircraft Control Squadron ( 147 ACS ) on 27 May 1946 . Prior to its constitution , the unit was allocated to the National Guard Bureau and was later assigned to the state of California on 24 May 1946 . The 147 ACS was organized as a unit on 20 June 1948 , at the Lockheed Air Terminal , in Burbank , California . The Secretary of the Army bestowed Federal recognition on the unit on 18 July 1948 . The unit later moved to its new home at San Fernando Valley Airport , California on 26 January 1951 .
Convoy TAG 5 TAG 5 was a Caribbean convoy of the TAG series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II . U - Boats . was operating in that area , skippered by Kapitänleutnant Günther Krech ( Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ) .
Egremont Castle Egremont Castle is located in the town of Egremont , Cumbria . ( ) History . The original castle was built on a mound above the River Ehen on the site of a Danish fort following the conquest of Cumberland in 1092 by William II of England . The present castle was built by William Meschin , who founded the castle between 1120 and 1135 . Further additions were made in the 13th century . It eventually fell into disuse and became the ruin it is today . The castle provided protection for the town which William also created . The long wide street provided a marketplace for traders , who were granted privileges and given security in return for payment of tolls . Some of the profits were undoubtedly used by this founding father of Egremont in the foundation of the priory of St Bega at St Bees . The castle is of Motte - and - bailey design .
Combermere Barracks Combermere Barracks , Windsor , is a British military installation one mile from Windsor Castle . It is over 20 acres in size and is the home of the Household Cavalry Regiment . The men of the Household Division have sometimes been required to undertake special tasks at the castle as the Sovereign ’ s personal troops . The Household Cavalry were called to Windsor Castle on 20 November 1992 , to assist with salvage operations in the face of the Great Fire .
Battle of Cassel ( 1677 ) The Battle of Cassel was fought on April 11 , 1677 , as a part of the Franco - Dutch War . It resulted in a French victory under Philippe I , Duke of Orléans , assisted by the Duke of Humières and Marshal Luxembourg , against the Dutch under William III of Orange , Stadtholder of the Netherlands . The battle took place near the city of Cassel , 30 km south of Dunkirk in present - day France . A French army of 30 , 000 under Philippe of Orléans faced a Dutch - Allied army of the same number under William III , with each side aligned in classical manner . Infantry on the French right , led by the Duke of Humières , drove back the Dutch left . At the same time , an attack by the Dutch launched from their own right was fended off by the French left , where troops were commanded by maréchal Luxembourg . The Dutch were thoroughly beaten , but the French missed a real chance for a rout by delaying the pursuit in order to plunder William ’ s abandoned baggage . Even so , the victory was near complete : the Dutch lost upward of 8 , 000 killed and wounded , with 3 , 000 more made prisoner .
Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus ( fl . 250 BC ) was a Roman Republican consul who twice held the consulship in the middle of the 3rd century BC . His elder brother , father , and grandfather were all consuls . Regulus was consul for the first time in 257 BC , with the patrician Gnaeus Cornelius Blasio , and prosecuted the First Punic War against the Carthaginians . He defeated the Carthaginian fleet off the Liparaean islands , though not without considerable loss . He then obtained possession of the islands of Lipara and Melite , which he laid waste with fire and sword . On his return to Rome , he received the honour of a naval triumph ( Polyb . i . 25 ; Zonar . viii . 12 ; Oros . iv . 8 ; Fasti Capitol . ) . Regulus was consul a second time in 250 BC , with his patrician colleague being Lucius Manlius Vulso . In this year , the Romans gained a brilliant victory at Panormus , under the proconsul Metellus . Thinking that the time had now come to bring the war to a conclusion , they sent both consuls to Sicily with an army of four legions and two hundred ships . Regulus and his colleague undertook the siege of Lilybaeum , the most important Carthaginian possession in Sicily ; but they were foiled in their attempts to carry the place by storm and , after losing a great number of men , were obliged to turn the siege into a blockade . ( Polyb . i . 39 , 41 — 48 ; Zonar . viii . 15 ; Oros . iv . 10 ; Diod . Fragm . xxiv . ) According to William Smith , this Regulus is the first Atilius who bears the surname Serranus , which afterwards became the name of a distinct family in the gens . Caius Atilius Serranus , who was a praetor in 218 BC and a failed candidate for the consulship in 216 BC , was his son and the ancestor of all subsequent praetors and consuls from this family . One of his descendants , Sextus Atilius Serranus , became a consul in 136 BC with Lucius Furius Philus ( wrongly called Publius by Smith ) .
7th Fighter Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 7th Fighter Division is a unit of the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army Air Force . It is headquartered at Zhangjiakou Air Base in the Beijing Military Region . The unit is equipped with J - 7 and J - 11 fighters . PLA - AF fighter divisions generally consist of about 17 , 000 personnel and 70 - 120 aircraft . 7th Fighter Division sub units :
USS Defender ( MCM - 2 ) USS " Defender " ( MCM - 2 ) is an " Avenger " - class mine countermeasures ship in the service of the United States Navy . Construction and commissioning . It was laid down on 1 December 1983 at Marinette Marine Corp . , Marinette , Wisconsin ; launched on 4 April 1987 ; and commissioned on 30 September 1989 . As of 1 July 2009 , she is active in , Mine Countermeasures Squadron Seven , U . S . Pacific Fleet , permanently forward deployed to Sasebo , Japan . Systems . Auxiliary systems : three Waukesha ship service diesel generator sets , one solar gas turbine generator , one omnithruster bow thruster system . Electronic system s : one AN / SSN - 2 Precise Integrated Navigation System ( PINS ) , one AN / SQQ - 32 Mine Hunting Sonar , one AN / SPS - 55 Surface Radar , one AN / WSN - 7 Gyro compass , Mine Countermeasure Equipment Suite , one AN / SLQ - 48 ( V ) Mine Neutralization System , one AN / SQL - 37 ( V ) 3 Magnetic / Acoustic Influence Minesweeping Gear , Oropesa type 0 size 1 Mechanical Sweep Equipment , MDG 1701 Marconi Magnetometer Degaussing System . Operations . For a review of current year - to - year operations of USS " Defender " ) , including operations after Hurricane Katrina , see :
Nechemya Cohen Nechemiah Cohen is the most decorated soldier in the history of the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) . He shares this honour with close friend and former Prime Minister Ehud Barak , and Major Amitai Hason . He received five decorations - one Medal of Distinguished Service and four Chief Of Staff Citations . Cohen was killed in combat near the City of Gaza on June 5 , 1967 , the first day of the Six - Day War , aged 24 .
D1G reactor The D1G reactor was a prototype naval reactor designed for the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on warship s . The D1G designation stands for : This prototype nuclear reactor was constructed for the United States Department of Energy ' s Office of Naval Reactors as part of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program . The reactor was built by General Electric and operated by the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory at the Kesselring Site Operation in West Milton , New York . It was used for testing components and as a training tool for the Nuclear Power Training Unit . The reactor operated from 1962 to 1996 , when it was shut down in March of that year . It was later defuelled , with the pressure vessel eventually removed in 2002 . The containment vessel — which housed both the primary ( nuclear reactor ) and secondary ( steam plant ) systems — is referred to as the " DIG - ball " due to its unique shape : a Horton Sphere . The sphere was originally constructed by Chicago Bridge and Iron Works to house the liquid metal cooled reactor of the USS " Seawolf " ( SSN - 575 ) , with the dome designed to contain a liquid sodium explosion .
Otto Hielscher Otto Hielscher ( 5 March 1916 – 25 March 1980 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
2003 – 04 Indonesian offensive in Aceh The 2003 – 2004 Indonesian offensive in Aceh against the Free Aceh Movement ( GAM ) separatists was launched May 19 , 2003 and lasted nearly one year . It followed a two - week ultimatum to GAM to accept special autonomy under Indonesian rule . It was one of the Indonesian military ' s largest campaigns since the 1975 invasion of East Timor . It severely disabled the rebel movement , and along with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake brought the 30 - year conflict in Aceh to an end .
USS Plainview ( AGEH - 1 ) USS " Plainview " ( AGEH – 1 ) was , in its time , the world ' s largest hydrofoil . Named for the cities of Plainview , New York and Plainview , Texas , she was also the United States Navy ' s first hydrofoil research ship . " Plainview " was laid down 8 May 1964 by the Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company , Seattle , Washington ; launched 28 June 1965 ; sponsored by Mrs . John T . Hayward ; and placed in service on 3 March 1969 . Propulsion consisted of two General Electric J79 jet engines of the same type used in the F - 4 Phantom aircraft , but during conventional operations she was driven by two diesel engines . Her homeport was Bremerton , Washington . " Plainview " carried out long range experimental programs to evaluate the design principles of hydrofoils and to develop and evaluate tactics and doctrine for hydrofoils , particularly in anti - submarine warfare , and helped to determine the feasibility of hydrofoil operations in high seas . " Plainview " was decommissioned at 10 : 30 am , 22 September 1978 , at Pier 7 , Puget Sound Naval Shipyard . Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 September 1978 , " Plainview " was sold for scrapping by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service ( DRMS ) on 1 July 1979 to General Metals ( now Schnitzer Metals ) on the Hylebos Waterway , Tacoma , Washington . She was partially broken up and then abandoned on the Columbia river where she remains as of 2012 . External links . December 1968 Popular Mechanics page 88 - 90 - 91 " The Biggest Fastest Flying Boat Yet " words by Bob Zimmerman ; Technical Art Concept ( cut away labeled ) Fred Wolff available via Google Books
Mokerang Airfield Mokerang Airfield , was an airfield on the northwest tip of Los Negros Island , NNW of Momote Airfield . History . It was built by the Imperial Japanese at Mokerang Plantation shortly after Lorengau Airfield during World War II and liberated during the Battle of Los Negros as part of the Admiralty Islands campaign . The 836th Engineer Aviation Battalion constructed two runways long × wide and overruns at each end , and the 104th Naval Construction Battalion and 46th Naval Construction Battalion built the taxiways and dispersal areas . The runways had a bearing WNW / ESE 114 degrees / 294 degrees magnetic . A storage depot for 30 , 000 barrels of fuel was stockpiled at Mokerang . The airfield was abandoned at the end of the war and has been reclaimed by vegetation .
Starvation Order Starvation Order is an informal name given to an emergency order made by the Irish Government to penalise certain named deserters from its armed forces . The order was the Emergency Powers ( No . 362 ) Order 1945 , passed on 8 August 1945 under the Irish Emergency Powers Act 1939 . Those affected were over 4 , 000 men who had deserted during World War II to join the armed forces of belligerent nations - in effect those of the Allies , principally Britain . The informal name arises from effects of the Order , which made it difficult for the former deserters to obtain either work or unemployment benefit and thus provide for their families . Critics and children of deserters have stated that they were consequently malnourished . By the end of 2011 , publicity was being generated by supporters of a campaign to pardon the surviving people named on the list of deserters . The supporters include members of the Dáil Éireann ( Irish Parliament ) and , in an apparent reversal of attitude , Sinn Fein .
E61 anthrax bomblet The E61 anthrax bomblet was an American biological sub - munition for the E133 cluster bomb . This anti - personnel weapon was developed in the early 1950s and carried 35 milliliters of anthrax spores or another pathogen . History . Around October 1953 the United States Air Force reoriented its biological warfare program . One result of this , in anti - personnel weaponry , was a move away from weapons such as the M33 cluster bomb to the lethal E61 anthrax bomb . The E61 was first developed in January 1951 as both an anti - personnel and anti - animal weapon capable of being clustered and dropped from a medium height . On March 5 , 1954 a directive from the U . S . Department of Defense altered the course of the U . S . biological weapons program . The program shifted focus to developing munitions that were not only improved but those that could be delivered by high speed aircraft and balloon . The weapons referred to included the E61 bomblet . Specifications . The E61 bomblet was a anti - personnel bomb designed to be carried in the E133 cluster bomb . The cluster bomb was designed to hold about 540 of the E61 anthrax bomblets . The E61 held about 35 milliliters of agent and a variety of pathogen s could be used , generally anthrax spores . The E61 was perceived as superior to its predecessors , the M33 cluster bomb and its payload of M114 bomb s . In fact , four of the smaller E61 bomblets produced twice the coverage area of the larger M114 bomb . Upon impact the E61 would detonate releasing an aerosol of its anthrax spore laden slurry into the air of its target area .
USS Exploit ( AM - 440 ) The USS Exploit ( AM - 440 ) was an Aggressive class minesweeper : laid down , 28 December 1951 at Higgins Inc . , New Orleans , Louisiana ; launched , 10 April 1953 ; commissioned USS Exploit ( AM - 440 ) , 31 March 1954 ; redesignated as an Ocean Minesweeper MSO - 440 , 7 February 1955 . Armament : as built , one single 40mm gun mount , two . 50 cal . machine guns , final configuration , bow gun replaced by one twin 20mm gun mount , two . 50 cal . machine guns remain . North Atlantic operations . USS Exploit arrived at Charleston , South Carolina , her home port , 13 March 1955 , and began her participation in major fleet exercises , and local and Caribbean training . In 1954 , 1957 , and 1958 , she served with the U . S . 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean , participating in exercises and visiting a variety of ports . Her stateside schedule through June 1960 included work in experimental development of mine warfare and defense in Florida waters . On 28 October 1960 USS Exploit again sailed for duty with the U . S . 6th Fleet and remained there through the end of the year . Decommissioning . USS Exploit was decommissioned , 16 December 1993 ; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet , Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility , Portsmouth , Virginia ; struck from the Naval Register , 28 March 1994 ; sold , 4 December 2000 to Baltimore Marine Industries , Baltimore , Maryland , for scrapping .
Ely Castle Ely Castle was in the cathedral city of Ely in Cambridgeshire . ( ) . Its probable site is a mound near the cathedral which is now called Cherry Hill . This was a motte and bailey castle built by William I in 1070 in his conflict with Hereward the Wake to subdue the Isle of Ely . Once Ely was quiescent the motte was abandoned . However it was refortified in 1140 during the Anarchy by Bishop Nigel but surrendered to King Stephen . In 1143 Geoffrey de Mandeville was placed in charge of the castle . A castle in Ely was said to have been taken and destroyed by Falkes de Breauté in 1216 . During the Second Barons ' War half a century later , Ely with its fortifications was captured in 1268 . It is thought that the castle built by Bishop Nigel was demolished soon afterwards . There are no visible remains other than the mound . However , there was a considerable amount of evidence uncovered in 2002 , after excavations on the site took place . The dig revealed large quantities of clay items , including jugs , and bowls that would have been used in everyday Norman life . Farming and hunting tools were also found , including those made of bronze , which archaeologist ' s suggest date from the transition from Viking to Norman settlement after 1066 . In addition , significant amounts of clay , which was often used to cover the surface of the Motte , were found in the excavations . Unfortunately , the town council lacked funding to expand the search further , and the site was abandoned in early 2003 . The findings of the dig can now be found in the Ely History museum along with other significant findings from the area .
USCGC Cape Henlopen ( WPB - 95328 ) USCGC Cape Henlopen was a " Cape " class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay , Maryland in 1958 for use as a law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boat . History . She was stationed at Coast Guard Air Station Port Angeles , Washington , from 1959 to December 1966 . From December 1966 to 1968 , she was stationed at Port Angeles , Washington . On 29 October 1967 , she escorted the distressed Soviet motor vessel " Altajaskie Gory " while in U . S . waters off Washington . On 20 November 1967 , she escorted the distressed Soviet fishing vessel " Ogonj " and other Soviet vessels while in U . S . seas off the coast of the State of Washington . From 1969 to 1981 , she was stationed at Petersburg , Alaska . On 4 – 5 October 1979 , she assisted the fishing vessels and pleasure craft " Black Bear " , " Diane " , " Heidi " , and " Will Do Too " in Stephens Passage following a storm . On 1 May 1980 , she repaired and refloated the motor vessel " Biorkau " . She underwent major renovation from 1980 to 1982 . From 1983 to 1989 , she was stationed at Woods Hole , Massachusetts . On 28 July 1985 , she assisted in the rescue of 118 from the passenger vessel " Pilgrim Bell " off Cuttyhunk Island . After decommissioning in 1989 , she was transferred to the Costa Rica Coast Guard and recommissioned as " Astronauta Franklin Chang Diaz " ( spn95 - 1 ) She was taken out of active service in 2006 and sunk in the Gulf of Nicoya as an artificial reef .
HMS Triumph ( 1623 ) HMS " Triumph " was a 42 - gun great ship or second rate of the English Royal Navy , built by William Burrell at Deptford Royal Dockyard and launched in 1623 . Like many major warships in the 17th century , she was modified at various times during her life , so that her dimensions and tonnage grew during her 65 years of service . By 1660 her original armament had been increased to 64 guns and by 1666 to 72 guns . " Triumph " was sold out of the navy in 1688 .