naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
4th Army ( German Empire ) The 4th Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VI Army Inspection . The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war . History . At the outset of war , the Fourth Army , with the Fifth Army , formed the center of the German armies on the Western Front , moving through Luxembourg and Belgium in support of the great wheel of the right wing that was intended to outflank the French armies , roll them up , and capture Paris . The Fourth Army defeated Belgian forces on the frontier , drove the French out of the Ardennes and then encountered the British Expeditionary Force in the " Race to the Sea " at the First Battle of Ypres . The Fourth Army faced the British in Flanders for the rest of the war , notably defending in the Battle of Passchendaele ( 1917 ) , attacking in the 1918 Spring Offensive and finally being pushed back in the Hundred Days Offensive from August 1918 . At the end of the war it was serving as part of " Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht " . Order of Battle , 30 October 1918 . By the end of the war , the 4th Army was organised as : Commanders . The 4th Army had the following commanders during its existence .
Bliss - Leavitt Mark 4 torpedo The Bliss - Leavitt Mark 4 torpedo was a Bliss - Leavitt torpedo developed and produced by the E . W . Bliss Company in 1908 . It was the first American - built torpedo specifically designed to be launched from a submarine . About 100 Mark 4s were purchased for experimental purposes by the United States Navy , which led to design improvements to the gyro and the reducing valve . The Mark 4 and all other torpedoes designed before the Bliss - Leavitt Mark 7 torpedo , were considered obsolete and withdrawn from service in 1922 .
Charles R . Ray Colonel Charles R . Ray was a US Army officer and Assistant Army Attaché stationed in Paris . He was murdered by a Lebanese militant affiliated with the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction on January 18 , 1982 in Paris , France . Georges Ibrahim Abdallah was accused of shooting and killing Ray outside his Paris apartment on 18 January 1982 . The Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction claimed responsibility for the murder . Ray was killed at about 9 AM as he was walking to his car , which was parked about 100 yards from his apartment . The earliest reports simply indicated that a lone armed man shot Ray at close range in the head with a pistol . Personal . Ray was born in New York City on September 14 , 1938 . He was commissioned in the U . S . Army in 1960 . Ray had been stationed in Paris as the Assistant Army Attaché for 18 months . He was a distinguished military intelligence officer , a decorated Vietnam veteran , and on his first assignment as a military attaché . He was married and had two children . Prior to this assignment he resided in Northern Virginia . He was an active parishioner at St . Bernadette ' s Roman Catholic Church in Springfield , VA , and was responsible for coordinating the altar servers . Funeral . A state funeral was held for Lieutenant Colonel Ray at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris , where he and his family had attended Mass since they first arrived in Paris in 1980 . Following the Mass , Ray ' s body was flown back to the U . S . for a service at St . Bernadette ' s . Ray was interred at Arlington National Cemetery . Presidential recognition . President Ronald Reagan promoted Ray to Colonel posthumously on 3 June 1982 . The President approved the promotion and met with Ray ' s wife during a visit to Paris in June 1982 . U . S . President Ronald Reagan issued the following statement on the death of Colonel Ray : Lieutenant Colonel Charles R . Ray , our Assistant Army Attaché in Paris , was a distinguished career officer . He gave his life in the line of duty as surely as if he had fallen in battle . Our hearts go out to his family in their bereavement , and the wanton act of his murderers reinforces our determination to stamp out international terrorism and prevent similar tragedies in the future . Prosecution . Abdallah ( aka Salih al - Masri and Abdu - Qadir Saadi ) ( fr ) was captured in 1984 and was sentenced to life in prison in 1987 for his involvement in the murder . He is currently imprisoned in France .
French frigate Bravoure ( 1795 ) The Bravoure ( " Bravery " ) was a 40 - gun " Cocarde " class frigate of the French Navy . She was launched in November 1795 in Saint Servan . She took part in the Expédition d ' Irlande , and later served in Ganteaume ' s squadron . On 28 January 1801 , she fought an indecisive battle against HMS " Concorde " . In June of the same year , under commander Dordelin , she ferried artillery pieces from Toulon to Elba with " Succès " ; on the way back , she encountered HMS " Concorde " again , but this time accompanied by two other frigates . She beached herself to avoid capture and became a total loss .
Assistant Secretary of the Army ( Installations , Energy and Environment ) Assistant Secretary of the Army ( Installations , Energy and Environment ) ( abbreviated ASA ( IE & E ) ) is a civilian office in the United States Department of the Army . The Assistant Secretary of the Army ( Installations , Energy and Environment ) the primary advisor to the United States Secretary of the Army and Chief of Staff of the United States Army on all United States Army matters related to Installation policy , oversight and coordination of energy security and management . The ASA ( IE & E ) is also responsible for policy and oversight of sustainability and environmental initiatives ; resource management including design , military construction , operations and maintenance ; Base Realignment and Closure ; privatization of Army family housing , lodging , real estate , and utilities ; and the Army ' s installations safety and occupational health programs .
Takeo Itō Biography . Takeo Itō was born in the city of Fukuoka in the Fukuoka prefecture The commanding officer of the IJA 228th Infantry Regiment at the start of the Second Sino - Japanese War , he assumed command of 114th Infantry Regiment on September 1 , 1941 . Upon attaining the rank of major general on August 25 , 1941 , Itō was given command of the IJA 38th Division , which was the primary Japanese division in the invasion of Hong Kong . In early 1942 , Itō was reassigned to an independent command in his own name , the " Itō Detachment " , consisted mainly of 228th Infantry Regiment , 38th Infantry Division and the 1st Kure SNLF , which took part in the Battle of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies ( 30 January – 3 February 1942 ) , and in the occupation of Timor . All of these campaigns were characterized by extreme ruthlessness and the massacre of prisoners . In November , Itō , along with one regiment of the 38th Division , was shipped to Guadalcanal . On 11 November , during the pivotal Battle of Guadalcanal , Itō was positioned by Lieutenant - General Harukichi Hyakutake to attack Marines under the command of United States General Alexander Archer Vandegrift who were involved in the Matanikau offensive against Japanese positions . However , Vandegrift called off his offensive that day after receiving intelligence reports of Hyakutake ' s plans . Itō later helped command 38th Division troops during the Battle of Mount Austen , the Galloping Horse , and the Sea Horse . He and the 38th ' s survivors on Guadalcanal were evacuated by the Japanese navy during the first week of February 1943 . Itō became commander of the 40th Independent Mixed Brigade , stationed at New Ireland on 8 July 1944 . He was promoted to lieutenant - general on November 26 of that year . At the end of the war , Itō was taken into custody by Australian forces , and was tried as a war criminal in a military tribunal for the murder of Chinese civilians . He was sentenced to death at Rabaul , New Britain on 24 May 1946 . However , Ito was released on 28 October , and repatriated to Japan . He died on 24 February 1965 .
DSV Turtle Turtle ( DSV - 3 ) is a 16 - ton , manned deep - ocean research submersible owned by the United States Navy . It is sister to Alvin ( DSV - 2 ) , and also an Alvin class Deep Submergence Vehicle . The " Turtle " was retired from active service in 1998 . It now resides at the Mystic Aquarium in Mystic , Connecticut The " Turtle " was designed to dive to 6000 feet . When DSV - 2 Alvin installed a new titanium hull , the Alvin steel hull was installed in the Turtle . The Turtle depth rating was then increased to 10 , 000 feet . It has a hull 2 inches thick , and a hatch about 3 - 1 / 2 inches thick held in place by the pressure of the water above it ( it is tapered , narrower inward ) . The " Alvin - class " DSV ' s were designed to replace older DSV , such as the less maneuverable Trieste - class bathyscaphe s .
Akkadevi Akkadevi ( in Kannada , also Akkādēvi , Akkā - dēvi ) , 1010 - 1064 CE , was a princess of the Chalukya dynasty of Karnataka and governor of an area known as Kishukādu , situated in the present day districts of Bidar , Bagalkot and Bijapur . She was the sister of King Jayasimha II of the Western Chalukyas , and aunt of Somesvara I . Akkadevi was well known for being an able administrator and capable general . She was also called Gunadabedangi , meaning " beauty of virtues " . The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka . The Chalukyas ruled over the Deccan plateau in India for over 600 years . Akkadevi was part of the Western Chalukya Empire , who was in constant conflict with the Cholas , and with their distant cousins , the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi . In the course of Akkadevi ' s rule , she expanded her province , encouraged education through grants , and gave liberally to Jaina and Hindu temples . Akkadevi was said to be " a personage of great reputation and consequence " . An inscription dated 1022 calls her as courageous as Bhairavi in war . She laid siege to the fort of Gōkāge or Gōkāk to quell a local rebellion , and is said to have encouraged education by giving grants to Brahmin s .
Shelby ' s Iron Brigade Shelby ' s " Iron Brigade " was a Confederate cavalry brigade in the Trans - Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War . The brigade originally formed under orders from Major General Thomas C . Hindman following a successful recruiting expedition into Missouri by Joseph O . Shelby , John T . Coffee , and Upton Hays , who each recruited a regiment . These new regiments were brigaded under the command of Colonel Shelby . The brigade participated in four major raids into Missouri during the war , earning a reputation as the most formidable brigade in the theater . Shelby was promoted to brigadier general following his successful raid of 1863 . When Shelby later assumed division command , he was replaced by M . Jeff Thompson . The brigade remained in Shelby ' s Division in the Army of Missouri and fought in Maj . Gen . Sterling Price ' s Missouri Expedition in 1864 — saving Price ' s army from destruction several times , including the retreat at the Battle of Marmiton River . In the autumn of 1864 , some 1 , 500 of Shelby ’ s Iron Brigade cavalry surrounded Sedalia , Missouri , and overpowered local Union militia defenders . They began to loot and sack the town on October 15 , 1864 . Once General Thompson arrived in Sedalia , he ordered his men to stop the destruction , and moved them on , leaving Sedalia once again in Union hands . Rather than surrender in 1865 with the collapse of the Confederacy , in June , Shelby and his men rode south into Mexico to offer their services to Emperor Maximilian , who declined to accept the ex - Confederates into his armed forces . However , the emperor did grant them land for an American colony in Mexico , and many of Shelby ' s Iron Brigade settled on the free land .
William J . Lennox , Jr . Lieutenant General William James Lennox , Jr . ( born c . 1949 ) of Houston , Texas , was the 56th Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York from 2001 to 2006 . He entered the Army following graduation from the United States Military Academy in 1971 , where he earned his commissioned as a lieutenant of Field Artillery . Lennox served in a wide variety of field assignments , including as a Forward Observer , Executive Officer , and Fire Support Officer in the 1st Battalion , 29th Field Artillery , and as Commander , Battery B , 2d Battalion , 20th Field Artillery , 4th Infantry Division . He was the Operations Officer and Executive Officer for the 2d Battalion , 41st Field Artillery , 3d Infantry Division . He commanded the 5th Battalion , 29th Field Artillery in the 4th Infantry Division and the Division Artillery in the 24th Infantry Division . Lennox also served in a number of staff positions including White House Fellow , Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Army , and Executive Officer for the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans . He served as Deputy Commanding General and Assistant Commandant of the U . S . Army Field Artillery Center ; Chief of Staff for III Corps and Fort Hood ; Assistant Chief of Staff , CJ - 3 , Combined Forces Command / United States Forces Korea and Deputy Commanding General , U . S . Eighth Army ; and Chief of Legislative Liaisons . On June 9 , 2006 , Lennox reliquished command of West Point to his former West Point classmate , Franklin Hagenbeck . Effective August 1 , 2006 , Lennox joined the Goodrich Corporation as a senior vice president . In addition to his Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Military Academy , Lennox holds a master ' s degree and a Doctorate in Literature from Princeton University . He wrote his dissertation on American war poet ry and has written about the utility of poetry to aspiring Army leaders . His military education includes the Field Artillery Officer Basic Course , the Infantry Officer Advanced Course , as the distinguished graduate from the United States Army Command and General Staff College , and the Senior Service College Fellowship at Harvard University . Lennox ' s awards include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , the Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Legion of Merit with four oak leaf cluster s , the Meritorious Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster , the Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Army Achievement Medal , the Korean Order of Military Merit ( Inheon Medal ) , the Ranger Tab , the Parachutist Badge , and the Army Staff Identification .
43rd Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 43rd Reserve Division ( " 43 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in August 1914 and organized over the next two months . It was part of the first wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I , which were numbered the 43rd through 54th Reserve Divisions . The division was disbanded in 1918 and its assets distributed to other divisions . The division was part of the XXII Reserve Corps and was raised through the depots of the elite Prussian Guard , and thus recruited throughout Prussia . Combat chronicle . The 43rd Reserve Division initially fought on the Western Front , fighting on the Yser in October – November 1914 and storming Dixmude in mid - November . It then remained in positional warfare along the Yser until June 1915 . In June , it was transferred to the Eastern Front . It fought in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive , including the 1915 Battle of Lemberg and the assault on Brest - Litovsk . It then participated in the Serbian Campaign . After the campaign , it remained in reserve until returning to the Western Front on February 1916 . It then fought in the Battle of Verdun . In June 1916 the division was again sent to the Eastern Front to face the Russian Brusilov Offensive . Returning from the Eastern Front to France in November , it was in army reserve for a month and then returned to the trenches at Verdun . In April 1917 , it fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also known as the Third Battle of Champagne ( and to the Germans as the Double Battle on the Aisne and in the Champagne ) . The division remained in the trenches after that , until November 1917 , when it was again transferred to the Eastern Front . After the armistice on the Eastern Front , it returned to Germany for training and then to France . The division then fought in a series of battles and engagements until it was dissolved in September 1918 . Before 1918 , the division was considered a good division , but by 1918 and prior to the division ' s dissolution Allied intelligence rated the division as third class . Order of battle on formation . The 43rd Reserve Division was initially organized as a square division , with essentially the same organization as the reserve divisions formed on mobilization . The order of battle of the 43rd Reserve Division on September 10 , 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on April 3 , 1918 . The 43rd Reserve Division was triangularized in April 1917 . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion . The order of battle on April 3 , 1918 was as follows :
Thomas James Reeves Thomas James Reeves , born in Thomaston , Connecticut , December 9 , 1895 , was a US Navy radioman who became the namesake of the destroyer escort . Reeves was killed during the December 7 , 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor and posthumously received the Medal of Honor . Military service . Thomas Reeves enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve as Electrician third class on July 20 , 1917 . Released from duty July 21 , 1919 , he was recalled to active duty and was transferred to the regular Navy April 16 , 1920 and served until discharged August 21 , 1921 . On October 12 , 1921 he re - enlisted in the Navy making it his career . Advanced through the rates to chief radioman , Reeves was serving in the battleship when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor , December 7 , 1941 . During that attack the mechanized ammunition hoists in the battleship were put out of commission . Reeves " . . . on his own initiative , in a burning passageway , assisted in the maintenance of an ammunition supply by hand to the antiaircraft guns until he was overcome by smoke and fire which resulted in his death . " For his distinguished conduct , RMC Reeves posthumously received the Medal of Honor . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer escort was named in his honor . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : For distinguished conduct in the line of his profession , extraordinary courage and disregard of his own safety during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor , by Japanese forces on 7 December 1941 . After the mechanized ammunition hoists were put out of action in the U . S . S . California , Reeves , on his own initiative , in a burning passageway , assisted in the maintenance of an ammunition supply by hand to the antiaircraft guns until he was overcome by smoke and fire , which resulted in his death .
Osmond Ingram Osmond Kelly Ingram ( August 4 , 1887 – October 15 , 1917 ) was a sailor in the United States Navy during World War I who received the Medal of Honor posthumously . Biography . Born to Robert L . Ingram and his wife Naomi Elizabeth Lea in Oneonta , Alabama , Ingram entered the Navy November 24 , 1903 . His ship , , was attacked by the German submarine " U - 61 " off Ireland on October 15 , 1917 . Gunner ’ s Mate First Class Ingram spotted the approaching torpedo , realized it would strike close by the ship ' s depth charges , thus dooming the ship , and rushed to jettison the ammunition . He was blown overboard when the torpedo struck , thus becoming the United States ' Navy ' s first enlisted man killed in action in World War I as he attempted to save his ship and shipmates . He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on that day . Namesake . The main flagpole and colors at the former Naval Training Center , San Diego are named Ingram Plaza in his honor , a , served in the United States Navy during World War II . " Osmond Ingram " was decommissioned at Philadelphia on January 8 , 1946 and was struck from the Navy List on January 21 , 1946 . It was sold for scrapping to Hugo Neu June 17 , 1946 . Kelly Ingram Park is also named in his honor . It is a park located in Birmingham , Alabama . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Gunner ' s Mate First Class , U . S . Navy . Born : August 4 , 1887 , Alabama . Accredited to . Alabama . Citation : For extraordinary heroism in the presence of the enemy on the occasion of the torpedoing of the Cassin , on 15 October 1917 . While the Cassin was searching for the submarine , Ingram sighted the torpedo coming , and realizing that it might strike the ship aft in the vicinity of the depth charges , ran aft with the intention of releasing the depth charges before the torpedo could reach the Cassin . The torpedo struck the ship before he could accomplish his purpose and Ingram was killed by the explosion . The depth charges exploded immediately afterward . His life was sacrificed in an attempt to save the ship and his shipmates , as the damage to the ship would have been much less if he had been able to release the depth charges .
HMS Kirkliston ( M1157 ) HMS " Kirkliston " ( M1157 ) was a " Ton " - class minesweeper of the Royal Navy , built by Harland and Wolff and launched on 18 February 1954 . In a brief episode from 1956 to 1960 she was temporarily renamed HMS " Kilmorey " and was assigned to the Ulster division Royal Naval Reserve ( RNR ) . From 1962 - 1964 the " Kirliston " was converted to a minehunter , and in October 1964 became leader of the First Mine Countermeasures Squadron ( MCM1 ) . From 1969 she saw service in the Far East as part of the Sixth Squadron ( MCM6 ) . In 1972 she rejoined MCM1 where she remained until 1982 . HMS " Kirkliston " was decommissioned on 2 December 1985 and was sold for scrap on 20 October 1991 . One of her sister ships , HMS " Bronington " , has been preserved and is berthed at Birkenhead , Merseyside , England , as part of the former Warship Preservation Trust .
Harold Dale Meyerkord Harold Dale Meyerkord ( 1937 – 1965 ) was a United States Navy officer who received a posthumous Navy Cross for his actions during a battle in which he was killed during the Vietnam War Meyerkord was born on 9 October 1937 at St . Louis , Missouri . He graduated from U . S . Navy Officer Candidate School at Newport , Rhode Island , on 14 June 1960 and was assigned to heavy cruiser . Meyerkord reported to the U . S . Military Assistance Command Vietnam ( MACV ) in South Vietnam on 13 July 1964 . He was senior naval adviser to the South Vietnamese 23rd River Assault Group , responsible for suppressing Vietcong operations in South Vietnam ’ s “ rice bowl ” during the Vietnam War . The group probed the Mekong Delta waterways , engaging Vietcong guerrilla s in operations in which Lieutenant Meyerkord distinguished himself for coolness , resourcefulness , and concern for his men . While leading his assault group into Vietcong ‑ held territory on 16 March 1965 , Lieutenant Meyerkord ’ s patrol was ambushed . Though wounded , he steadfastly returned the enemy ’ s fire until hit again , this time mortally . Lieutenant Meyerkord ’ s heroism was recognized by posthumous award of the Navy Cross . He was also awarded the Air Medal for completing 20 low - level aerial reconnaissance missions under enemy fire . Commemoration . The U . S . Navy frigate USS " Meyerkord " ( FF - 1058 ) , in commission from 1969 to 1991 , was named for Harold Meyerkord .