naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kunlun Pass The Battle of Kunlun Pass ( ) was a series of struggles between the Japanese and the Chinese in contention for Kunlun Pass , a stragetically important position in Guangxi province , which the Imperial Japanese Army hoped to cut off aid through China from French - controlled Vietnam and resulted in a Chinese victory . In this battle , the National Revolutionary Army used the largest recorded number of tank s in the Second Sino - Japanese War . The battle . The Imperial Japanese army launched a major offensive into Guangxi province . With the objective to cut off the Chinese supply route from French - controlled Vietnam , the elite Japanese 5th Division spearheaded the Japanese offensive . After occupying Nanning in November 1939 , the Japanese captured the key point of Kunlun pass and threatened the Chinese rear base that protected Chungking , the wartime capital . Realizing the danger of being isolated from the outside world and impossible to receive more aid if the Japanese troops were not repulsed , General Bai Chongxi — himself a native of Guangxi — asked the Nationalist Government for reinforcements . Chiang Kai - shek in turn dispatched the 5th Corps from Hunan province to fight the Japanese . The 5th Corps was the most elite unit in the NRA , and it is also the only Chinese unit that had tanks and armored vehicles . Its soldiers were combat - hardened veterans from previous battles against the Japanese troops , and its soldiers ' morale was high as a result . General Du Yuming , commander of the 5th Corps , dispatched two divisions to attack the Japanese - held Kunlun Pass . The new 22nd Division had cut off Japanese reinforcement from the rear and killed the Japanese commander , Major General Masao Nakamura . The most elite unit of the Japanese 5th Division — the 21st Brigade — was wiped out in the battle . The Brigade had also participated in the Russo - Japanese War , and it was nicknamed the " unbreakable sword " . Before Major General Nakamura ' s death , he admitted in his diary that the Chinese soldiers ' fighting ability had surpassed the Russians whom the Brigade encountered in Manchuria . This campaign was the first major victory of the Chinese army since the Battle of Wuhan .
ORP Piorun ( 1994 ) ORP " Piorun " is an " Orkan " - class fast attack craft and sister ship of " Grom " and " Orkan " . The original project was prepared by the German Democratic Republic for its navy and was named " Project 660 " ( " Sassnitz class " in NATO code ) . After the Unification of Germany the unfinished hulls were bought by the Polish Navy from VEB Peenewerft shipyard in Wolgast and successfully completed in Northern Shipyard in Gdańsk . After its completion in 1994 the ship was incorporated into the 31st Rocket Warships Squadron , 3rd Ship Flotilla .
Ri Yong - ho Vice Marshal Ri Yong - ho ( ; born 5 October 1942 ) is a former North Korean military officer who was Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People ' s Army from 2009 to 2012 , as well as a member of the central presidium of the Workers ' Party of Korea from September 2010 to July 2012 . Early life and education . Born in Tongchon County , Kangwon Province on 5 October 1942 , Ri Yong - ho joined the Korean People ' s Army in August 1959 . He graduated from the Kim Il Sung Military University . Career . After graduation , Ri Yong - ho worked as chief of staff of a division , director of the operations department of an army corps , head of a training center , vice - director of the operations department of the general staff , its deputy chief and head of a training center of the KPA . He was promoted to lieutenant general in 2002 , and he began to as commander of the Pyongyang Defence Command from 2003 to 2009 . He became a rising star in 2003 as a result of his appointment as the head of the military unit guarding the capital city and the Kim family . He was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the KPA in February 2009 . He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers ' Party of Korea as well as vice - chairman of the Central Military Commission at the Party Conference held on 28 September 2010 . He was also promoted to Vice Marshal immediately before the Conference . Afterwards , he appeared jointly with Kim Jong - il on several occasions , and he gave the keynote speech during the military parade in October celebrating the WPK ' s 65th anniversary . In December 2011 , he and leader Kim Jong - un led the funeral procession through the streets of Pyongyang after the death of Kim Jong Il . Ri led a parade on 25 April 2012 , marking the 80th anniversary of the foundation of the North Korean military . Dismissal and possible death . On 16 July 2012 , North Korean state media reported Ri Yong - ho was relieved of all his Party duties , namely his Politburo Standing Committee membership , Politburo membership , and Party Central Military Commission vice - chairmanship , stating this move was due to unspecified illness . A spokesman for the South Korean Ministry of Unification said the move was " very unusual " . The meeting at which his removal was announced was attended by the entire Politburo standing committee , Politburo members and candidate members , making ill health seem implausibly minor . Ri was replaced by Hyon Yong - chol in the role of the Chief of the General Staff . On July 20 , 2012 , unconfirmed reports from North Korea alleged that Ri had died or been injured in a firefight with Political Bureau troops . Some reports suggest that this may mark a shift in power between the political leadership and the armed forces , with the political leadership in the ascendant . In November 2012 , news from China reported that Ri was under house arrest and had been sentenced as counter - revolutionary .
9K118 Sheksna 9K118 Sheksna is a laser beam riding guided anti - tank missile system of the Soviet Union , also known under the NATO reporting name of AT - 12 Swinger . It is fired from the smoothbore gun of the T - 62 tank . The system fires the same 9M117 missile as the AT - 10 Stabber , BMP - 3 guided round , and Kastet round for the MT - 12 towed gun .
Siemens - Schuckert R . VI The Siemens - Schuckert R . VI was a bomber aircraft built in Germany during World War I . It was one of six aircraft based on the Siemens - Schuckert R . I that were originally intended to be identical , but which each developed in a different direction and were designated as different aircraft types by the German Inspectorate of Flying Troops ( the Idflieg ) . Development of the R . VI benefited from the experience that Siemens - Schuckert and the " Idflieg " had gained with the R . II , R . III , and R . IV , particularly in its choice of powerplants , where the R . VI was spared from the troublesome Maybach HS engine . The R . VI was the first of the Siemens - Schuckert R - type aircraft to reach service , and between July 1916 and November 1917 saw service on the Eastern Front before it was declared obsolete and dismantled . Design and development . As designed , the R . VI was a large three - bay biplane with unstaggered wings of unequal span and a fully enclosed cabin . Three 180 - kW ( 240 - hp ) Maybach HS engines were mounted internally in the fuselage , and transmitted their power via driveshafts to two propellers mounted tractor - fashion on the interplane struts nearest the fuselage . The main undercarriage consisted of divided units , each of which carried dual wheels , and the tail was supported by a pair of tailwheels . The fuselage was forked into an upper and lower section , which allowed a clear field of fire to the rear of the aircraft . The Maybach engines had been a never - ending source of trouble on the R . II , R . III , and R . IV , and by June 1916 , Siemens - Schuckert had obtained permission from the " Idflieg " to substitute Benz Bz . IV engines on the R . III The firm made the same change on the R . VI , which was under construction at the time . The fuselage was modified to accommodate the new powerplant , and an extra bay was added to the wings , increasing their span . Upon completion , designer Bruno Steffen piloted the R . VI on a test flight in which the aircraft carried a 2 , 400 - kg ( 5 , 300 - lb ) load for six hours , a world record at the time , but one which was never publicised due to the war . Despite this remarkable flight , the R . VI did not meet the specifications issued by the " Idflieg " in its contract with Siemens - Schuckert . Therefore , the " Idflieg " opted to relax the original specifications somewhat and complete the purchase of the aircraft . Operational history . Siemens - Schuckert delivered the R . VI to the " Riesenflugzeugersatzabteilung " ( Rea — " giant aircraft support unit " ) at Döberitz on 20 July 1916 . From there , it was assigned to " Riesenflugzeugabteilung 501 " ( Rfa 501 ) , and joined the squadron at Vilna on 7 August . It operated there until it was dismantled as obsolete in November 1917 . Specific details of several operational missions while with Rfa 501 have survived : Additionally , the R . V carried out the following raids together with the R . V : together with the R . VII : and together with the R . IV and R . VII :
Botho von Frantzius Botho von Frantzius ( 9 August 1898 – 10 December 1942 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Botho von Frantzius was killed on 10 December 1942 near Nevel , during the Battle for Velikiye Luki . He was posthumously promoted to Generalmajor .
Ralph Drengot Rudolph Drengot was one of the Drengot family of Norman adventureres who came to Southern Italy with his brothers , Gilbert , Asclettin , Osmond , and Ranulf . The Drengots arrived in Italy in 1017 to support Melus of Bari in his rebellion against the Catapanate . According to some sources , they stopped in Rome on the way and Rudolph had an audience with Pope Benedict VIII . Whatever the case , they aided Melus until their defeat at the Battle of Cannae ( 1018 ) . After this , Melus went north to Bamberg to meet the Emperor Henry II . Rudolph accompanied him . It is certain that Rudolph had an opportunity to then meet with the pope . He returned to the south on the emperor ' s expedition , after Melus ' death , and was installed at Comino under one of Melus ' nephews , a count . Rudolph then led some Normans back to Normandy .
Ngaw Ngaw ( ง้าว , ของ้าว ) is a pole weapon that was traditionally used in Thailand by elephant warriors . It consists of a wood shaft with a curved blade fashioned onto the end , and is similar to the Japan ese naginata and the Chinese guan dao . Usually , it also had a hook ( ขอ ) between the blade and shaft used for commanding the elephant . The elephant warrior used the Ngaw like a blade from atop an elephant or horse during battle . It is also used in Krabi Krabong , a Thai martial art .
Taira no Shigehira After defeating Minamoto no Yukiie at the Battle of Sunomatagawa , Shigehira was named commander - in - chief of the Taira forces , and was given 13 , 000 men . He was defeated and captured four years later at the Battle of Ichi - no - Tani , and then turned over to the monks of the Tōdai - ji , which he had burned . He was then beheaded by the monks in late 1185 .
Fourth - rate In the British Royal Navy , a fourth rate was , during the first half of the 18th century , a ship of the line mounting from 46 up to 60 guns . While the number of guns stayed subsequently in the same range up until 1817 , after 1756 the ships of 50 guns and below were considered too weak to stand in the line of battle , although the remaining 60 - gun ships were still classed as fit to be ships of the line . However , the 50 - gun ship continued to be used largely during the Seven Years ' War , and during the time of the American Revolution a whole new group of 50 - gun ships was constructed , not for the battlefleet , but to meet the needs of combat in the shallow waters off North America where the larger ships found it difficult to sail . But by the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , even this function was in retreat , and few 50s were built . The 60 - gun ships were also dying out , superseded initially by the 74 - gun third rate s , although by 1793 there were still four 60 - gun ships left in harbour service . The few 50s that remained were relegated to convoy escort , or as flagships on far - flung stations ; a number were also converted to troopships , armed only " en flûte " ( i . e . , with most of the guns removed or stored below decks , to make more room for passengers or cargo ) . Some fourth rates did remain in active service even during the Napoleonic Wars , especially in the shallow North Sea , where the Royal Navy ' s main opponents were the Baltic powers and the Dutch , whose own fleet consisted mainly of 50 - to 64 - gun ships ( e . g . the 56 - gun " Delft " ) . However , HMS " Leander " , 50 guns , was with Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile . As late as 1807 , fourth rates were active in combat zones , illustrated by the fatal incident between HMS " Leopard " ( 50 guns ) , and the US frigate " Chesapeake " ( 38 guns ) , an incident which nearly led to war . The American 44 - gun frigates " Constitution " , " United States " and " President " were never in operational use armed with fewer than 50 guns including carronades , and were generally seen as equivalent to fourth rates . The larger British 24 - pounder frigates such as the later 1813 " Leander " and " Newcastle " , were of similar firepower to those big American 44s . The latter were launched ( or razéed - i . e . converted by cutting down by one deck from existing smaller third - rate 74 - gun two - deckers ) during the last years of the Napoleonic War and the War of 1812 and were classed as fourth rates in Royal Naval service under the revised rating system . This convention continued into the 19th century . Any of these later large fourth - rate frigates threw a close - range broadside ( including from their heavy carronades ) far superior to the earlier two - decker 50s or even to third - rate 64s . Some ships of commerce such as the East Indiamen were heavily armed in order to protect themselves from pirates and privateer s , effectively making them equivalent to fourth - rate ships of the line . The Royal Navy also converted some East Indiamen into fourth rates for convoy duty , such as HMS " Calcutta " .
SS Abraham Clark SS " Abraham Clark " ( Hull Number 75 ) was a Liberty ship built at in the United States during World War II . She was named after Abraham Clark , a signer of the Declaration of Independence from New Jersey . The ship was laid down by the California Shipbuilding Corporation , Terminal Island , Los Angeles on 3 December 1941 , then launched on 2 April 1942 . She took part in operations supporting the invasion of Normandy in June 1944 . The ship survived the war and was sold into private ownership in 1947 . However , in 1959 , the ship was wrecked off Grays Harbor in Washington and subsequently scrapped .
USS Colleton ( APB - 36 ) The USS " Colleton " ( APB - 36 ) , was a . " Colleton " ’ s keel was laid on 9 June 1945 , launched on 30 July 1945 and delivered on 27 September 1946 . She was berthed at Boston , Massachusetts in the custody of the United States Maritime Commission . After extensive conversion beginning in the Summer of 1966 , which included a helicopter landing pad , she was commissioned 28 January 1967 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard , with Lieutenant Commander F . R . Banbury in command . The " Colleton " arrived in Vung Tau , Vietnam on 2 May 1967 for duties in the Mekong Delta under Commander River Assault Flotilla One ( TF117 ) . Elements of River Assault Squadron Eleven , and the US Army ' s 4 Battalion , 47th Infantry , 2nd Brigade , of 9th Infantry Division embarked on 2 June 1967 . During the remainder of the year , operations began taking the Mobile Riverine Force ( MRF ) further west in the Mekong Delta towards Cambodia , creating longer and delayed aeromedical evacuation support for the assault craft and embarked US Army units of the MRF . It was determined that the MRF needed a larger medical treatment and patient holding capacity and as a result , the " Colleton " was refitted at U . S . Naval Base Subic Bay , Philippines , in December 1967 and January 1968 . The refit expanded the sick bay facilities from one level to two levels and installed a rampway system connecting the levels . ( Levels are " decks " above the main deck . ) The O - 3 level was the Helo deck and litter storage ( port side aft of the helo deck ) . The O - 2 level , connected to the helo deck by a ramp , contained a 6 - litter triage , X - ray , blood bank and autoclave . Casualties could also be brought onboard using a hoist for patient transfers from small craft . Another ramp lead from the O - 2 level to the O - 1 level that contained a two - tabled operating room , recovery rooms , medical supply and storage , 18 bed ward , pharmacy and single chair dental clinic . Arriving in Vietnam just days before the Tet Offensive , the " Colleton " handled 890 combat casualties from 29 January 1968 – May 1968 , admitted 134 patients to the ship ' s ward , and evacuated 411 after emergency life - saving treatment and stabilization had been received . Although there were four APB ’ s assigned to the Mobile Riverine Force of Vietnam , only the " Colleton " was refitted to provide expanded medical treatment and holding capability . Although her medical staff did not consist of a full - time surgeon , the " Colleton " served in conjunction with other hospital ships serving further off coast including the " Repose " ( AH - 16 ) and " Sanctuary " ( AH - 17 ) . " Colleton " was decommissioned December 1969 in Bremerton , Washington , stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 1 June 1973 , and sold to American Ship Dismantlers , of Portland , Oregon for $ 172 , 226 . 62 in 1 August 1974 .
Arctic Star The Arctic Star is a campaign medal of the United Kingdom , awarded for service in World War II . The medal is awarded for any length of service above the Arctic Circle by members of the British Armed Forces and the Merchant Navy . The Arctic Star is a retrospective award , coming nearly seventy years after the end of World War II , being announced in late 2012 . The Arctic Star was formally approved by The Queen , and began production in early 2013 . Award criteria . The Arctic Star is awarded for operational service of any length north of the Arctic Circle , defined as 66° 32 ’ North Latitude . The inclusive qualifying period of service is 3 September 1939 to 8 May 1945 . Though the Arctic Star is intended to recognize the service of personnel in the Arctic convoys of World War II , other members of the military and civilians may qualify . Eligibility is defined as follows : Eligibility for the Arctic Star does not effect an individual ' s eligibility for any other previously awarded campaign medals , nor does it automatically entitle individuals for any further awards . Appearance . The Arctic Star is a six - pointed bronze star similar in appearance to the other Campaign Stars awarded for service in World War II . It is 40 mm high and 40 mm wide . The obverse has a central design of the Royal Cypher of King George VI , surmounted by a crown . The cypher is surrounded by a circlet containing the words ‘ The Arctic Star ' . The star is suspended by a ribbon with colours representing the three Armed Services , red for the Merchant Navy , and a central white stripe , edged in black , representing the Arctic . The design was submitted by the Ministry of Defence to the Royal Mint Advisory Committee . Their recommendation was submitted to The Queen for approval .
USNS Navajo ( T - ATF - 169 ) USNS " Navajo " ( T - ATF - 169 ) is a United States Navy in service since 1980 . " Navajo " was laid down on 14 December 1977 by the Marinette Marine Corporation at Marinette , Wisconsin . Launched on 20 December 1979 , and delivered to the U . S . Navy on 13 June 1980 , " Navajo " was assigned to the Military Sealift Command ( MSC ) , and placed in non - commissioned service as USNS " Navajo " ( T - ATF - 169 ) in 1980 . Lost anchor incident . On 28 July 2012 the ship was conducting training near the entrance to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii when a parted mooring line caused the ship to dump 8 , 000 pounds of anchor , chain , and heavy rope on the ocean floor 150 feet below . The equipment was recovered on 9 August 2012 . " Navajo " remains in active service .
602d Bombardment Squadron The 602d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 398th Bombardment Group , stationed at Drew Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 1 September 1945 . History . Activated in early 1943 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron , trained under II Bomber Command . Deployed to England in November 1943 , assigned to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) VIII Bomber Command as a strategic bombardment squadron . Participated in the air offensive over Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe until the German capitulation in May 1945 . Personnel demobilized in England and returned to the United States ; squadron reassigned to Third Air Force , Continental Air Forces for reorganization , however demobilization and Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation in August 1945 .
DRDO Fluffy The DRDO Fluffy was a target drone designed and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation ' s Aeronautical Development Establishment ( ADE ) in Bangalore in early 1970s for use by the Indian Armed Forces . It had a maximum endurance of 5 minutes and could be launched from the maximum altitude of 30 , 000 feet . Since after the development of reusable Aerial Target DRDO Lakshya , which being simpler and economical to use than Fluffy , the production of latter have been discontinued .
William T . Badham Lieutenant William Terry Badham was a World War I fighter ace credited with five victories . Badham graduated from Yale in 1917 . He then joined the French air service . He served as a gunner / observer in several French observation squadrons before being transferred to the American 91st Aero Squadron on 28 May 1918 . For his first victory , on 15 September 1918 , his pilot was his commanding officer , George Kenney . For the next four , from 23 through 29 October 1918 , it was Everett Cook . Postwar . After World War I , William T . Badham established a small chemical business , Naphthalene Products Company , using the naphthalene gas from coke ovens in Birmingham to manufacture items which included mothballs and insecticides . Drawing since he was ten years old , painting became an increasingly serious aspect of his life . By the age of fifty with his business successful , he was able to devote most of his time to painting while traveling over Europe and Mexico . He began to specialize in watercolor landscapes . His paintings have been exhibited in museums and galleries in the United States and abroad . Honors and awards . Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to William T . Badham , First Lieutenant ( Air Service ) , U . S . Army , for extraordinary heroism in action near Buzancy , France , October 23 , 1918 . First Lieutenant Badham gave proof of exceptional bravery while on a photographic mission 25 kilometers within the enemy lines . His plane was attacked , by a formation of 30 enemy aircraft . By skillful work with his machine - gun , Lieutenant Badham successfully repelled the attack and destroyed two German planes . At the same time he manipulated his camera and obtained photographs of great military value . ( General Orders No . 7 , W . D . , 1919 ) References . " American Aces of World War 1 " Harry Dempsey . Osprey Publishing , 2001 . ISBN 1 - 84176 - 375 - 6 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 84176 - 375 - 0 . " Eyes of the Eagle , The Exploits of Henry Lee Badham , Jr . and William Terry Badham in the AEF " Thomas E . Badham , Manuscript 1999 .