naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Aberedw Castle The remains of Aberedw Castle , also known as ' Castle in Elfael Uwch Mynydd ' , are located at the small village of Aberedw in the county of Powys , mid - Wales . History . The castle was signed to Walter Heckelutel , as a License of the Crenellate , by King Edward I of England on November 24 , 1284 . This license to crenellate was thought of as a way for central authority to exert power over the lords , although this is not confirmed . It is also suggested however , that the castle dates back to 1093 when the Normans invaded South Wales . At the time of the construction of Aberedw , castles were built for a certain symbolism . The license to crennellate showed a symbolic power for central authority . This castle also has a different symbolism to the people of Wales . Aberedw is more famously known to be the residence of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd . This man is very well known as the last native Prince of Wales . Aberedw was the last retreat Llewelyn made before he was killed and beheaded by Adam Francton , who then had his head sent to the King of England , in 1282 . It was a rectangular stone castle with circular towers , surrounded by a moat approximately 10 to 20 meters wide . Today it is a ruin , as it was destroyed by railway works in the 19th century . Many stones from the castle were used in the construction of the foundations of the track .
Battle of Yashima The naval Battle of Yashima took place on March 22 , 1185 . Following a long string of defeats , the Taira clan retreated to Yashima , today ' s Takamatsu , just off the coast of Shikoku . Here they had a fortress , and an improvised palace for Emperor Antoku and the imperial regalia , which they had taken earlier in the war . Minamoto no Yoshitsune , setting out from Kyoto after a lull of several months in the war , found his way to Shikoku with a small force , no more than about a hundred men . Most of his ships were destroyed or lost in a storm only days before ; but he was re - supplied by an ally , Kajiwara Kagetoki . The Taira were expecting a naval attack , and so Yoshitsune lit bonfires on Shikoku , essentially in their rear , fooling the Taira into believing that a large force was approaching on land . They abandoned the fortress / palace , and took to their ships , along with Emperor Antoku and the imperial regalia . The Taira had according to some accounts even placed a fan atop the mast of one of their ships , and dared the Minamoto to knock it off . In one of the most famous archery feats in all of Japanese history , Nasu no Yoichi rode out into the sea on horseback , and did just that . The Minamoto were victorious , but the majority of the Taira fleet escaped to Dan - no - ura , where they were defeated one month later in the Battle of Dan - no - ura .
Naval Registry Identification Number A Naval Registry Identification Number is a unique identifier that the U . S . Navy used for privately owned and naval vessels in the first half of the 20th century . During World War I , in 1916 , the U . S . Navy began a registry of privately owned pleasure craft and yachts that were available for patrol service in the event the United States was drawn into the conflict . " Section Patrol " ( " SP " ) numbers were assigned in a series beginning with SP - 1 and ultimately extending to well over 4 , 000 . As the registration process continued , other types of ships and craft were included for which the " Section Patrol " designation was clearly inappropriate , and these were generally given " Identification " ( " ID " ) numbers in the same series as the " SP " s . In addition , some vessels that were numbered with an " SP " prefix before 1918 later had that prefix changed to " ID " . The registry , and the SP / ID number series , was continued at least into the early 1920s , with new numbers being assigned to ships completed or examined after the end of World War I . The latter category included some ships that served in the Navy , without numbers , during 1917 - 1919 . Strictly speaking , these SP / ID registry numbers were not U . S . Navy " hull number s " , which would not be formally adopted until mid - 1920 . Many of the ships and craft so numbered had no Navy service , while others that were acquired and employed by the Navy received no numbers . However , like hull numbers , the SP / ID numbers were used for record - keeping purposes and were often painted on the exterior of vessels ( especially patrol types ) to facilitate identification . List of craft with Naval Registry Identification Numbers on Wikipedia :
George Imlach McIntosh George Imlach McIntosh VC ( 24 April 1897 – 20 June 1968 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 20 years old , and a private in the 1 / 6th Battalion , The Gordon Highlanders , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place at the Battle of Passchendaele for which he was awarded the VC . On 31 July 1917 at Ypres , Belgium , during the consolidation of a position , the company came under machine - gun fire at close range and Private Mclntosh immediately rushed forward under heavy fire and reaching the emplacement , threw a Mills grenade into it , killing two of the enemy and wounding a third . Subsequently entering the dug - out he found two light machine - guns which he carried back with him . His quick grasp of the situation and the rapidity with which he acted undoubtedly saved many of his comrades and enabled the consolidation to proceed unhindered by machine - gun fire . George McIntosh was born in Buckie , Banffshire . McIntosh went on to join the Royal Air Force and served in World War II , and during 1942 was the senior NCO with No 1 squadron . He later achieved the rank of Flight Sergeant . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Gordon Highlanders Museum , Aberdeen , Scotland .
George Furner Langley Brigadier George Furner Langley , CBE , DSO , ( 1891 — 1971 ) was an Australian soldier who served in both the First and Second World Wars . He was also an educationist , and the headmaster of a number of high schools in Victoria . Early life . Langley was born on 1 May 1891 in Port Melbourne . He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Melbourne and teaching qualifications from Melbourne Teachers ' College and taught at Williamstown High School , then at the Mansfield Agricultural High School in Mansfield , Victoria until the outbreak of the First World War . Military career . First World War . Langley enlisted as a private in the 21st Battalion and was commissioned as a lieutenant on 24 March 1915 . After training , the battalion was en route to Gallipoli on 2 September 1915 when the ship on which it was traveling , the " Southland " , was torpedoed . Langley helped with the evacuation of the ship until he collapsed . He and his battalion eventually landed at Gallipoli and remained there until evacuation in December . After service in the Gallipoli Campaign , Langley was seconded to the Imperial Camel Corps in order to raise and train the 1st Australian Company , which by December 1916 was one of a number of companies that combined to became the 1st Anzac Battalion . In the latter stages of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign , Langley was an officer of the 14th Light Horse Regiment . He was awarded a Distinguished Service Order for " skilful leadership and conspicuous gallantry " , and was mentioned in dispatches three times . Interwar period . On his return to Australia , Langley was appointed headmaster of Mansfield Agricultural High School in 1920 . In 1924 he became headmaster of Warrnanbool High School , a position he held for sixteen years . In 1940 he was transferred to Bendigo High School . He had remained in the Australian Army Reserve as a lieutenant colonel , and in this capacity had commanded various light horse regiments . Second World War . In September 1940 , Langley was made commander of 38th Battalion and then in 1942 , was promoted to a temporary brigadier . Appointed commander of the 2nd Infantry Brigade , he oversaw the brigade , largely made up of militia conscripts , during its service in Western Australia and then from August 1943 , in Darwin . Unfit for active duty , he eventually retired as an honorary brigadier in March 1944 . Later life . After service in England and the Middle East with the Australian Red Cross from 1945 to 1946 , Langley returned to teaching . He was the headmaster at Mordialloc High School in 1946 and 1947 , and then at Box Hill High School in 1948 . From 1949 he was headmaster at Melbourne High School for eight years . He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1958 . The latter stages of his life were spent working on a history of the Australian Camel Corps . Five years after his death on 24 August 1971 in Sydney , his work " Sand , Sweat and Camels " was published by his wife .
Folke Hauger Johannessen Folke Hauger Johannessen ( 2 December 1913 – 17 April 1997 ) was a Norwegian military officer , an admiral of the Royal Norwegian Navy . He served as Chief of Defence of Norway from 1964 to 1972 . Hauger Johannessen was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of St . Olav in 1972 . He received the Grand Cross of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog and the Order of the Lion of Finland . He was a Commander of the American Legion of Merit .
Książ Książ ( ) is a castle in Lower Silesia , Poland in Wałbrzych . It was built in 1288 - 1292 under Bolko I the Strict . It lies within a protected area called Książ Landscape Park and is one of the city ' s main tourist attractions . History . The original fortification was destroyed in the year 1263 by Ottokar II of Bohemia . Bolko I , Duke of Świdnica and Jawor built a new castle between 1288 and 1292 . Duke Bolko II of Świdnica died in 1368 without having children with his wife Agnes von Habsburg . After her death in the year 1392 King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia obtained the castle . In 1401 Janko z Chociemic obtained the castle . The Bohemian Hussites occupied the castle between 1428 - 1429 . In the year 1464 Birka z Nasiedla obtained the castle from the Bohemian crown . He sold it to Hans von Schellendorf . This second castle was destroyed in 1482 by Georg von Stein . In the year 1509 Konrad I von Hoberg ( from 1714 : Hochberg ) obtained the castle hill . The Hochberg family owned the castle until 1941 . It was a part of the Project Riese until 1945 . The castle was occupied by the Red army in 1945 . All artifacts were lost or destroyed .
Omaha Air Force Station Omaha Air Force Station ( ADC ID : P - 71 , NORAD ID : Z - 71 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located north of Omaha , Nebraska . It was closed in 1968 . History . Omaha Air Force Station was one of twenty - eight stations built as part of the second segment of the Air Defense Command permanent radar network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . The 789th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at the station on 1 May 1951 . The squadron activated an AN / CPS - 4 and AN / FPS - 3 radar at Omaha in April 1952 , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . Eventually the Air Force replaced the height - finder radar with an AN / FPS - 6 , and replaced the AN / FPS - 3 search radar with an AN / FPS - 20 . In late 1959 this station was also performing air traffic control duties for the FAA . An Army Air - Defense Command Post ( AADCP ) was established at Omaha AFS in 1959 for Nike missile command - and - control functions as part of the Offutt AFB Defense Area . The site was equipped with the AN / GSG - 5 ( V ) BIRDIE solid - state computer system . The Army Nike radars were fully integrated with the Air Force sets . Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) operations began in 1961 , initially feeding data to DC - 08 at Richards - Gebaur AFB , Missouri . After joining , the squadron was redesignated as the 789th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 1 January 1962 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . A second height - finder radar ( AN / FPS - 6A ) was installed in 1962 . On 31 July 1963 , the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z - 71 . In addition to the main facility , Omaha AFS operated one AN / FPS - 18 Gap Filler site : Dallas Center was taken over in 1957 after its closure as M - 122 . It was operated until its final closure in December 1967 . In 1964 the AN / FPS - 20A radar was upgraded to become an AN / FPS - 66 , then updated again to an AN / FPS - 66A in 1967 . The 789th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) was inactivated 8 September 1968 , and the search radar was transferred to the FAA . Today , Omaha AFS is an FAA site , still using the Air Force AN / FPS - 66A radar as part of the Joint Surveillance System ( JSS ) External links .
George Hawkins ( athlete ) George Hawkins ( " George Albert Hawkins ; " 15 October 1883 – 22 September 1917 ) was a British athlete . He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . In the 200 metres , Hawkins ran the race in 22 . 8 seconds to beat two other runners and advance to the semifinals . There , won again , this time finishing in 22 . 6 seconds . This allowed him to advance to the final , in which he placed last out of the four finalists . His time in the final was 22 . 9 seconds . The winner ' s time was 22 . 6 , a time he had achieved in the semifinal . Hawkins was killed in action during the First World War , serving as a gunner with the Royal Garrison Artillery during the Third Battle of Ypres . He was buried in the Bard Cottage Cemetery nearby . He was married to Violet Freeman and had five children with her .
Paul J . Springer Paul J . Springer is an American author , professor , and military historian . Born in 1975 , Springer attended Texas A & M University , earning his PhD in Military History . He is now a history professor at the Air Command and Staff College and has also taught at the United States Military Academy at West Point . He is the author of " America ' s Captives : Treatment of POWs from the Revolutionary War to the War on Terror " ( ISBN 9780700617173 ) . He is the author of " Military Robots and Drones : A Reference Handbook " ( ISBN 9781598847321 ) .
Kozel Castle Kozel is a hunting castle in classic style close to the city of Plzeň , Czech Republic . The castle was built at the end of 18th century by architect Václav Haberditz for Jan Vojtěch of Czernin . It is a ground - floor building around the inner rectangular court . Around the castle we can find also a chapel , riding school and a stable . The areal is surrounded by a large park . It is from which a very ancient ancestor of Kozels in the United States today .
Balloon buster The crucial role of observation balloons . Balloon busters were military pilots known for destroying enemy observation balloons . These pilots were noted for their fearlessness . Seventy - seven flying ace s in World War I were each credited with destroying five or more balloons , and thus were balloon aces ( See list below ) . An observation balloon was both a vulnerable and a valuable target : the balloon was moored in a stationary position and was lifted by flammable hydrogen gas , whose use was necessitated by the scarcity of helium reserves among European powers . The observer , suspended in the wicker basket beneath , typically had a wireless transmitter , binoculars and / or a long - range camera . His job was to observe actions on the front - line and behind it , to spot enemy troop movements or unusual activity of any sort , and to call down artillery fire onto any worthwhile targets . Balloon observers were consequently targets of great importance to both sides , especially before any sort of infantry action or offensive , so individual pilots , flights or whole squadrons were frequently ordered to attack balloons , either in an attempt to destroy them or at least disrupt their observation activities . Due to their importance , balloons were usually given heavy defenses in the form of anti - aircraft artillery and standing fighter patrols stationed overhead . Other defenses included surrounding the main balloon with barrage balloon s ; stringing cables in the air in the vicinity of the balloons ; putting machine guns in gondolas for observers to use ; and flying balloons booby - trapped with explosives that could be remotely detonated from the ground . These measures made balloons very dangerous targets to approach . Although balloons were occasionally shot down by small - arms fire , generally it was difficult to shoot down a balloon with solid bullets , particularly at the distances and altitude involved . Ordinary bullets would pass relatively harmlessly through the hydrogen gas bag , merely holing the fabric . Hits on the wicker car could however kill the observer . One method employed was the solid - fuel Le Prieur rocket invented by Frenchman Lt . Yves Le Prieur and first used in April 1916 . Rockets were attached to each outboard strut of a biplane fighter aircraft and fired through steel tubes using an electrical trigger . The rockets ' inaccuracy was such that pilots had to fly very close to their target before firing . It was not until special Pomeroy incendiary bullet s and Buckingham flat - nosed . 45 calibre explosive bullets became available on the Western Front in 1917 that any consistent degree of success was achieved . Le Prieur rockets were withdrawn from service in 1918 once incendiary bullets had become available . Balloon busting aces . The below list is believed to be complete . Please note any possible additions or corrections on Talk page of article .
German Army order of battle , Western Front ( 1918 ) This is the German Army order of battle on the Western Front at the close of the war . The overall commander of the Imperial German Army was Kaiser Wilhelm II , but real power resided with The Chief of the General Staff , Generalfeldmarschall Paul von Hindenburg , and his First Quartermaster , General der Infanterie Erich Ludendorff . Order of Battle . The German Army on the Western Front on 30 October 1918 was organised as 4 Army Groups ( " Heeresgruppe " ) controlling 13 army - level commands .
German submarine U - 216 German submarine " U - 216 " was a Type VIID mine - laying U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . < br > She was one of six U - boats of her kind , equipped with special vertical tubes that launched the mines . Her keel was laid down 1 January 1941 by Germaniawerft in Kiel as ' werk ' 648 . She was launched on 23 October 1941 and commissioned on 15 December 1941 with " Oberleutnant " Karl - Otto Schultz in command . Service history . " U - 216 " conducted only one patrol , sailing from Kiel on 29 August 1942 . On 25 September , " U - 216 " fired four torpedo s at the British Coast Lines Limited ship , " Boston " . After three hits , the survivors from the ship were picked up by which was sunk the next day by . On 20 October , the U - boat was depth charge d by a British Liberator aircraft and sunk southwest of Ireland in position 48 . 21N , 19 . 25W with all hands lost .
PNS Tariq ( 1973 ) PNS " Tariq " is a Type 21 frigate of the Pakistan navy . She was formerly HMS " Ambuscade " in Royal Navy service being acquired in 1993 and is still in service . . She was built by Yarrow Shipbuilders Ltd , Glasgow , Scotland . Service history . HMS " Ambuscade " was decommissioned and sold to Pakistan on 28 July 1993 being renamed PNS " Tariq " . Exocet was not transferred to Pakistan and " Tariq " had her obsolete Sea Cat launcher removed . A quadruple Harpoon missile launcher was fitted in place of the Exocet launchers and a Phalanx CIWS was fitted in place of the Sea Cat launcher . SRBOC chaff launchers and 20 mm and 30 mm guns were fitted . " Tariq " remains in service with the Pakistan Navy . Captain Fajar Rasool Lodhi Ti ( M ) PN is the current commanding officer of the ship .
USS Bluebird ( AM - 72 ) USS Bluebird ( AM - 72 ) was an " Albatross " - class minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II for clearing minefields during fleet operations . " M / V Maine " — a steel - hulled fishing trawler constructed in 1931 at Bath , Maine , by Bath Iron Works — was purchased by the Navy on 13 August 1940 from the Booth Fisheries Co . , Boston , Massachusetts ; renamed " Bluebird " and designated a minesweeper , AM - 72 , on 14 August 1940 ; converted to naval service at Boston , Massachusetts , by the General Ship & Engineering Works ; and commissioned at the Boston Navy Yard on 22 November 1940 , Lt . James T . Baldwin , USNR , in command . World War II service . " Bluebird " was assigned to Mine Squadron ( MinRon ) 7 , Train , Atlantic Fleet . In the spring of 1941 , the minesweeper moved south to Bermuda , where a naval operating base ( NOB ) had been established to support the newly established Neutrality Patrol . She served at Bermuda until late in June , returning to the United States at Norfolk , Virginia , on 27 June . " Bluebird " operated along the U . S . East Coast as a unit of MinRon 7 until the spring of 1942 . On 2 April 1942 , she received orders assigning her to the 5th Naval District on a temporary basis . On 23 July , the minesweeper resumed duty with the Atlantic Fleet . By the first part of 1943 , the warship was part of the Greenland Patrol , operating in the waters between Greenland and Iceland . Redesignated IX - 172 . " Bluebird " patrolled the northern Atlantic until the fall of 1944 . During that time , on 1 June 1944 , she was redesignated IX - 172 . On 31 October 1944 , she arrived in Boston , Massachusetts , and reported to the Commandant , 1st Naval District , preparatory to being laid up . Decommissioning . " Bluebird " was decommissioned on 12 January 1945 , and her name was struck from the Navy list on 19 January 1945 . On 15 November 1945 , she was transferred to the Maritime Commission ' s War Shipping Administration for disposal .
Bronsil Castle Bronsil Castle was a fortified manor house about to the east of Eastnor in Herefordshire , England near Ledbury ( ) . The first record of Bronsil Castle is around 1240 but no description of the structure at that time is given . In 1449 and again in 1460 Richard Beauchamp , Treasurer to Henry VI , was given licence to crenellate his house on the site . In 1644 during the Civil War it was taken by the Roundheads and then burnt . Today little remains except for remains of the tower and part of this collapsed in 1990 .
Battle of Vystavka The Battle of Vystavka was the defense of the Allied forces by the village of Vystavka and several neighboring villages against a series of attacks of the Red Army during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War , in late January - early March , 1919 . After the defeat in the Battle of Shenkursk , the Allied garrison of Shenkursk fell back first to Shegovary , some 25 mi downriver and then 25 more miles to Vystavka reaching it on January 27 . They prepared defenses and withstood several Red Army attacks over the course of the next several weeks . In early March , after heavy bombardment by Bolsheviks , the Allies fell baback 5 more mi downstream to Kitsa . At this moment the Red Army stopped their offensive on the Vaga River front .