naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thomas Gray ( VC ) Thomas Gray VC ( 17 May 1914 – 12 May 1940 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 25 years old , and a sergeant in No . 12 Squadron RAF , Royal Air Force during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 12 May 1940 , over the Albert Canal , Belgium , one bridge in particular was being used by the invading army , with protection from fighter aircraft , anti - aircraft and machine - guns . The RAF was ordered to demolish this vital bridge , and five Fairey Battle bombers were despatched with Sergeant Gray as the navigator in the plane leading the bombing attack . They met an inferno of anti - aircraft fire , but the mission was accomplished , much of the success being due to the coolness and resource of the pilot ( Donald Edward Garland ) of the leading aircraft and the navigation of Sergeant Gray . Unfortunately the leading aircraft and three others did not return . Gray is buried at the Heverlee War Cemetery near Leuven in Belgium . Victoria Cross citation . The announcement and accompanying citation for the decoration was published in supplement to the London Gazette on 11 June 1940 , reading Memorial . A Vickers VC - 10 Serial ' XR807 ' of 101 Squadron is named ' Donald Garland VC & Thomas Gray VC '
Geoffrey Cheshire Geoffrey Chevalier Cheshire , DCL , LLD , FBA ( 27 June 1886 – 27 October 1978 ) was an English barrister , scholar and influential writer on law . He was the father of Leonard Cheshire , VC , the English war hero and founder of the Cheshire Foundation Homes for the Sick . Biography . Born in 1886 to Walter Christopher Cheshire , a solicitor in Northwich , Cheshire , and Clara ( née Cook ) , he was educated at Denstone College and Merton College , Oxford , obtaining a first class honours degree in Jurisprudence in 1908 . He received a Lectureship in Law at the University College of Wales , Aberystwyth , working for Professor T . A . Levi , but returned to Oxford in 1911 , where he was elected to a fellowship in law at Exeter College in 1912 . He served in World War I , 1914 – 19 , with 2 / 6 Battalion Cheshire Regt . and the Royal Flying Corps : he retired with the rank of captain . He became a barrister ( Lincoln ' s Inn ) in 1922 and , in the same year took on the additional office of All Souls ' Lecturer in Private International Law . He was All Souls reader in English Law , from 1933 , and a fellow of All Souls College , Oxford , from 1944 - 49 . In 1944 he was elected Vinerian Professor of English Law and there followed a succession of other honours : honorary bencher of Lincoln ' s Inn ( 1944 ) ; honorary Fellow of Exeter College , Oxford ; honorary LLD London and Manchester ; and Fellow of the British Academy . He married Burella Primrose Eleanor Barstow , daughter of Lt . Col . Thomas Anderson Adam Barstow , on 6 February 1915 . They had two children : ( Geoffrey ) Leonard Cheshire , VC , OM , DSO , DFC , and Christopher Cheshire , who was also a wartime pilot . In 1963 , a year after the death of his first wife , Geoffrey Cheshire married Dame Mary Lloyd ( 1902 – 1972 ) , daughter of A . J . Lloyd , and a former Director of the WRNS . Geoffrey Cheshire outlived his second wife as well , and died in 1978 , aged 92 . Contribution to Law . Geoffrey Cheshire ' s obituary in " The Times " described him as " the first academic lawyer to tackle the great reforms in the law of property associated with the name of Lord Birkenhead " , and his first book , " Modern Law of Real Property " , published initially in 1925 , became the standard text on the subject . This work has remained in print ever since and , updated by Burn and Cartwright , is now in its 17th edition . ( Modern Law of Real Property , E . H . Burn & J . H . Cartwright , O , U . P . 17th Ed . 2006 ) . Generations of students have also studied " The Law of Contract " , first written in conjunction with the legal historian C . H . S . Fifoot in 1945 , and in its 15th Edition ( Law of Contract , Cheshire , Fifoot and Furmston , O . U . P . , 15th Ed . 2007 ) .
INS Rajput ( D51 ) INS " Rajput " ( D51 ) is a guided - missile destroyer and the lead ship of the " Rajput " class destroyers of the Indian Navy . She was commissioned on September 30 , 1980 . Commodore ( later Vice Admiral ) Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani was her first commanding officer . " INS Rajput " served as a trial platform for the BrahMos cruise missile . The 4 P - 20M single launchers ( port and starboard ) were replaced by two boxed launchers , each with 4 cells . A new variant of the Prithvi - III missile was test fired from " Rajput " on March 2007 . She is capable of attacking land targets , as well as fulfilling anti - aircraft and anti - submarine roles as a taskforce or carrier escort . The " Rajput " tracked the Dhanush Ballistic missile during a successful test in 2005 .
2nd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme The otherwise known as the " Circle Two " Plan was the second of four expansion plans of the Imperial Japanese Navy between 1930 and the start of World War II . Background . The London Naval Treaty placed severe restrictions on Japan ' s naval capabilities vis - a - vis the United States Navy and the British Royal Navy in terms of tonnage and numbers of capital warship s . The respose of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff was to initiate a construction program to build new warships to the allotted tonnage limits in each of the restricted categories , and to invest in types of warships and weaponry not specifically covered by the provisions of the treaty . The " Circle One " plan was submitted by the Naval Ministry and approved by the Cabinet in November 1930 , and officially ratified by the Diet of Japan in 1931 . It called for the construction of 39 new combat vessels , centering around four of the new " Mogami " - class cruiser s , and expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service to 14 Naval Air Groups . However , plans for a second expansion budget were delayed by the Tomozuru Incident and IJN 4th Fleet Incident , when it was revealed that the basic designs of many Japanese warships were flawed due to poor construction techniques and instability caused by attempting to mount too much weaponry on too small a displacement hull . As a result , most of the naval budget in 1932 - 1933 was absorbed in modifications to rectify issues with existing equipment . In 1934 , the Naval Ministry submitted its second expansion plan to the Cabinet and Diet for approval . This plan was a multiyear ( four year ) budget , covering the construction of 48 new warships and creation of eight new Naval Air Groups . A total of 431 , 680 , 800 Yen was allotted for warship construction and 33 , 000 , 000 Yen for naval aviation . References . ( ja )
USS Brooke ( FFG - 1 ) USS " Brooke " ( FFG - 1 ) was the lead ship of her class of guided missile frigate s in the United States Navy from 1962 - 1988 . She was named for John Mercer Brooke . Laid down on 19 December 1962 by Lockheed Ship Building , " Brooke " was launched on 19 July 1963 and commissioned on 12 March 1966 . Originally designated DEG - 1 , she was redesignated FFG - 1 in 1975 . She served in the Pacific Fleet and was homeported in San Diego , California . Fate . Following decommissioning in 1988 , she was transferred to Pakistan on 1 February 1989 . Renamed " Khaibar " , she was returned to the United States on 14 November 1993 and sold for scrap on 29 March 1994 . As of 2005 , no other ship in the United States Navy has been named " Brooke " .
Battle of Geok Tepe 1879 The Battle of Geok Tepe ( 1879 ) occurred in 1879 during the Russian conquest of Central Asia . In the 19th century the Russians tried to capture the area of the Turkmens . A Russian army under command of general Lomakin besieged the Turkmen fortress of Geok Tepe . The Akhal Teke Turkmens managed to repel the Russian assault causing the Russians to retreat , but eventually the Russian returned two years later , captured Geok Tepe and massacred most of the Turkmen population .
USS Cobbler ( SS - 344 ) USS " Cobbler " ( SS - 344 ) , a " Balao " - class submarine , was a ship of the United States Navy named for the cobbler , the killifish of New South Wales . " Cobbler " ( SS - 344 ) was launched 1 April 1945 by Electric Boat Co . , Groton , Conn . ; sponsored by Mrs . J . B . Rutter ; commissioned 8 August 1945 , Commander J . B . Grady in command . " Cobbler " arrived at Key West 11 January 1946 , for operations locally and in the Caribbean for exercises and training until 27 November 1948 . She then sailed for Groton , arriving 1 December for a GUPPY III modernization . Conversion completed 17 August 1949 , she departed Groton 24 August for Norfolk , her home port from the time of her arrival , 27 August . She conducted operations in Florida and Caribbean waters and along the east coast visiting Quebec 10 September to 14 September 1953 , and returning to Norfolk 19 September . On 27 March 1954 she cleared Norfolk for 3 weeks of operations under the control of the Operational Development Force , cruising with units of the Canadian navy and air force from Bermuda to Nova Scotia . Her operations in the Caribbean and off the east coast continued , until 6 January 1958 , when she departed Norfolk for a tour of duty in the Mediterranean Sea , returning 18 April . She resumed operations off the east coast , cruising to Bermuda in June 1958 , and to Quebec with midshipmen embarked in July 1959 . From 9 September 1959 through 1960 she was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet ' s Antisubmarine Development Force . TCG " Çanakkale " ( S 341 ) . Along with ( SS - 346 ) , " Cobbler " was transferred to Turkey , under terms of the Security Assistance Program in 1973 . Both submarines were handed over on 21 March 1973 in New London . " Cobbler " was renamed TCG " Çanakkale " ( S 341 ) , the second submarine of that name . She was formally decommissioned , struck from the US Naval Register , and sold , 28 November 1973 . Arriving in Turkey on 15 January 1974 she was commissioned on 12 February 1974 . She was finally decommissioned on 22 January 1998 .
Regional power In international relations , a regional power is a state that has power within a geographic region . States which wield unrivaled power and influence within a region of the world possess regional hegemony . Characteristics . Regional powers shape the polarity of a regional area . Typically , regional powers have capabilities which are important in the region but do not have capabilities at a global scale . There are slightly differing definitions of what makes a regional power . The European Consortium for Political Research defines a regional power : " A state belonging to a geographically defined region , dominating this region in economic and military terms , able to exercise hegemonic influence in the region and considerable influence on the world scale , willing to make use of power resources and recognized or even accepted as the regional leader by its neighbours " . The German Institute of Global and Area Studies states that a regional power must : Current regional powers . Below are states that have been described as regional powers by international relations and political science academics , analysts , or other experts . These states to some extent meet the criteria to have regional power status , as described above . Different experts have differing views on exactly which states are regional powers . States are arranged by their region , and in alphabetic order . Primary , or major , regional powers are placed in the major regions as identified by analysts . Secondary , or minor , regional powers are listed within their subregions . Major regional powers in bold , and minor regional powers in normal font . Americas . The United States is regarded as the sole regional power of the Americas ( i . e . North and South ) , and is also considered the world ' s only superpower . In Latin America alone , Brazil and Mexico are considered as being the only major regional powers . However , some states within the smaller sub - regions of Latin America , such as the Caribbean and the Southern Cone , are also considered by political analysts as powers in their respective zones .
SS Minna Minna was a 1 , 544 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1922 by Nylands Verksted , Kristiania , Norway for Swedish owners . In 1934 , she was sold and renamed Britt . In 1939 , she was captured by the Kriegsmarine and sold to German owners in 1940 and was renamed Leba . In 1945 , she was seized by the Allies and passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was renamed Empire Conavon and was sold in 1947 to a British company and was renamed Baltkon . She served until 1959 when she was scrapped . Description . The ship was built by Nylands Verksted , Kristiana as yard number 261 . She was delivered to her owners in March 1922 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 1 , 522 and a NRT of 911 . The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Nylands Verksted . History . " Minna " was built for Trelleborgs Ångfartygs Nya AB , Trelleborg , which was her port of registry . She was placed under the management of F Malmros . The Swedish Official Number 6735 and Code Letters KDMV were allocated . In 1934 , her Code Letters were changed to SFNE . On 2 February 1934 , " Minna " was sold to Kalmar Rederi AB , Kalmar and was renamed " Britt " . She was placed under the management of H Jeansson and her port of registry was changed to Kalmar . On 27 November 1937 , her port of registry was changed to Stockholm . On 21 December 1939 , " Britt " was captured by the Kriegsmarine . She was on a voyage from Sweden to Aberdeen with a cargo of woodpulp . She was taken to Hamburg , where she was registered on 17 May 1940 . " Britt " was sold to Leth & Co , Hamburg and was renamed " Leba " . In May 1945 , " Leba " was seized at Lübeck by the Allies . She was passed to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Conavon " . " Empire Conavon " was operated under the management of Nelkon Steamship Co Ltd , Hull . In 1947 , She was sold to the Konnel Steamship Co Ltd and was renamed " Baltkon " . She was operated under the management of John Carlbom & Co Ltd . In 1954 , " Baltkon " was sold to the Carlbomska Woking Shipping Co Ltd , Hull . She served until 1958 when she was laid up in the River Tyne . In 1959 , " Baltkon " was sold to the British Iron and Steel Company , and was scrapped at Dunston on Tyne .
Carl Gyllenhielm Baron Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm ( 4 March 1574 – 17 March 1650 ) was a Swedish soldier and politician . He was appointed Field Marshal in 1616 , Privy Councilor in 1617 , Governor General of Ingria in 1617 and Lord High Admiral in 1620 . He was an illegitimate son of Duke Carl , later King Charles IX of Sweden , and Karin Nilsdotter , the daughter of a clergyman from Östergötland .
4th Pursuit Group The 4th Pursuit Group was an Air Service , United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service , Second United States Army . It was demobilized in France on 15 April 1919 . There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history . History . The group was organized on 26 October 1918 at Gengault Aerodrome ( Toul ) , France . On 27 October the 141st and 25th Aero Squadrons ( Pursuit ) were assigned to the unit . Both were new units , recently deployed to France and equipped with SPAD XIII s . The Sixth Air Park was assigned to the Group on 30 October , it was equipped with trucks , cars , motorcycles and side - cars for the use of the Group . The sector to be patrolled by the 4th PG was bounded on the west by Manheulles and Meilly - sur - Rouvres , and on the east by Custines , Landremont and Clémery . Operations began on 28 October when Captain Hobie Baker , 141st Squadron , engaged six enemy Fokkers near Prény and shot down one of them . Ten more enemy aircraft attacked the patrol from a higher altitude and the squadron managed to return to Allied lines without loss . Given the limited number of aircraft and pilots assigned to the Group , as many combat patrols as possible were flown each day . On 4 November , the 17th and 148th Aero Squadrons were assigned to the Group , which brought the unit up to full strength . These two squadrons had previously been assigned to the British Royal Flying Corps and had been transferred to the Second Army and equipped with new SPAD XIII aircraft . On 5 November , a patrol of the 141st Squadron destroyed an enemy Halberstadt D . II aircraft near Hagéville . The enemy aircraft was returning from an aerial leaflet drop when attacked . Several days of bad weather kept the group grounded until the armistice on 11 November , after which no aircraft was permitted to cross into enemy territory . After the Armistice with Germany and the conclusion of the war , squadron flying continued on a limited basis to keep the pilots proficient in their skills . However , the main endeavors of the Group was Army administrative paperwork . Second Army was ordered demobilized on 15 April 1919 , and all of the Group ' s squadrons with the exception of the 141st were ordered to proceed to the 1st Air Depot , Colombey - les - Belles Airdrome to turn in all of their supplies and equipment and was relieved from duty with the AEF . Planes were delivered to the Air Service Production Center No . 2 . at Romorantin Aerodrome . The 141st was transferred to the 5th Pursuit Group , Third Army for occupation duty in the Rhineland , Germany . Personnel were subsequently assigned to the Commanding General , Services of Supply and ordered to report to one of several staging camps in France . There , personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the Base Ports in France for transport to the United States and subsequent demobilization .
Yao Zhenshan Yao Zhenshan ( 姚振山 ) was a Chinese soldier and leader of the resistance to the Pacification of Manchukuo . Before the Mukden Incident , Yao was a Captain , commanding a Company in the Third Battalion , 676th Regiment , 27th Brigade of the Kirin Provincial Army . Following the events at Manchuria , he joined Wang Delin ' s Chinese People ' s National Salvation Army . After the Army , led by Wang Delin , was defeated , it retreated from Manchukuo . Yao remained behind in eastern Kirin province . Acting Commander - in - Chief of the National Salvation Army , Wu Yicheng , soon appointed Yao to Brigade Commander . He led the brigade on various expeditions and coordinated with other anti - Japanese forces to harass the Japanese . In 1934 he was made one of three First Corps Commanders in the National Salvation Army . He later cooperated with the 2nd Route Army of the Northeast Anti - Japanese United Army in the war against Japan and their Manchukuoan armies . Following Yao ' s death in battle , in 1938 , the wife of Kong Xianrong , another of Wang Delin ' s subordinates , led the small band of his remaining forces , which continued to fight until the spring of 1941 , when the group was annihilated .
Personnel recovery The United States Army defines personnel recovery as " The sum of military , DOD civilian , DOD contractor personnel , or other personnel designated by the President or Secretary of Defense , who are isolated , missing , detained , or captured ( IMDC ) in an operational environment . Also called PR . "
James K . Gilman Major General James K . Gilman is a retired Major General and physician in the United States Army from Hymera , Indiana . Biography . Gilman is from Hymera , Indiana and after graduating from Rose - Hulman Institute of Technology with a degree in Biological Engineering in 1974 he went to Indiana University School of Medicine and received his MD in 1978 . Following a medical internship and residency in internal medicine at Brooke Army Medical Center ( BAMC ) , he served as the Chief Resident in Medicine at BAMC . His next assignment was as the staff internist and Chief , Internal Medicine Service , U . S . Army Medical Department Activity , Nurnberg , Germany . He then returned to BAMC where he completed a fellowship in cardiovascular diseases and serve as a staff cardiologist . In 1991 , he completed a fellowship in clinical cardiac electrophysiology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Texas . He then served as Chief of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Assistant Chief of the Cardiology Service , Brooke Army Medical Center . From 1994 until 1997 , he served as Chief of Cardiology and Cardiology Fellowship Program Director at BAMC . In 1995 , he deployed to Haiti with the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment in support of Operation Uphold Democracy . Subsequent assignments include : He graduated from the Command and General Staff College and the Army War College . He is board certified in both Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases and is a fellow of the American College of Cardiology . He is married with three daughters . Awards and decorations . His military decorations include : Army Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit ( 3 OLC ) , Meritorious Service Medal ( 2 OLC ) , the Army Staff Badge , and the Expert Field Medical Badge . He also received The Surgeon General ' s " A " Proficiency Designator and is a member of the Order of Military Medical Merit .
X SS Corps The X SS Corps ( German : " Generalkommando X . SS - Armeekorps " or " Gruppe Krappe " ) was a short - lived SS corps - level headquarters employed on the Eastern Front in 1945 during World War II . History . The X SS Corps headquarters was formed in January 1945 with the use of men and equipment provided by the disbanded XIV SS Corps headquarters ( a temporary HQ unit employed during Operation Nordwind ) . The Corps was subordinated to the 11th SS Panzer Army in February 1945 , and then to the 3rd Panzer Army in March . They were deployed in the vicinity of Dramburg , Pomerania . In February 1945 , the X SS Corps controlled the 5th Jäger Division and the 402nd Division . Generalleutnant Günther Krappe took command of the corps on February 10 , 1945 . In March 1945 , the corps also had the 163rd Infantry Division under its control . In March 1945 , the X SS Corps ( and Korpsgruppe Tettau ) were encircled by elements of the 1st Guards Tank Army , 3rd Shock Army , and the Polish 1st Army in an area approximately north of Dramburg . The two Soviet armies pushed against the pocket from the west and northwest while the Polish 1st Army drove from the south , east , and northeast , resulting in the destruction of the encircled German troops by March 7 , 1945 . On March 8 , 1945 , the Soviets announced the capture of General Krappe and 8 , 000 men of the X SS Corps .