naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st Free French Division The 1st Free French Division ( ) was one of the principal units of the Free French Forces during World War II , and the first Free French unit of divisional size . World War II . Units that eventually formed the division were engaged in combat as early as September 1940 at Dakar in an unsuccessful attempt to bring the Vichy troops there over to the side of the Allies . Other elements fought in Gabon and Eritrea before the various units were organized under British sponsorship as the 1st Free French Light Division in May 1941 near Tel Aviv . From 8 June - 11 July 1941 , the division fought with British forces to remove the Vichy authorities from power in the Levant . The division was then disbanded in August 1941 , but the component units continued to serve with the Allied forces . In action as separate brigades , units of the 1st Division became famous for their hard fighting at Bir Hakeim and El Alamein . The division was reformed as the 1st Free French Division on 1 February 1943 , and subsequently fought in the Tunisian Campaign during April and May 1943 . For a few months , the 1st Division garrisoned Libya , and then fought in the Italian Campaign from April – July 1944 . The division was equipped with U . S . weapons and supplies in January 1944 . During the course of the war , the division would be officially renamed the 1st Motorized Infantry Division and finally the 1st March Infantry Division . In August 1944 , the division landed in southern France as part of the follow - on troops of Operation Dragoon , and fought as part of the French 1st Army , through Provence and the Vosges Mountains , and into Alsace . In January 1945 , the division defended the area south of Strasbourg at heavy cost , losing the 24th March Battalion during desperate fighting against an offensive by the German 19 . " Armee " . Shortly thereafter , the 1st Division fought as part of the II Corps in the battle of the Colmar Pocket . In March 1945 , the 1st Division was withdrawn from Alsace and sent to spearhead the French offensive into the Alps , recovering French territory taken by Italy in 1940 and claiming part of Italy for France . The final extent of the 1st Division ' s advance into the Alps became a point of contention between France on the one hand and the United States and Britain on the other , with the French finally withdrawing to the prewar border after an acrimonious dispute . Divisional Order of Battle . 15 August 1944 : Casualties . Over the course of the war , the 1st Free French Division lost over 4 , 000 men killed in action . Another source indicates 3 , 619 men killed in action including 1 , 126 Africans .
Hydration pack A hydration pack is a type of hydration system built as a backpack or waist pack containing a reservoir or " bladder " commonly made of rubber or flexible plastic . The reservoir contains a capped mouth for filling with liquid and a hose that allows the wearer to drink hands - free . Most hoses end with a " bite valve " that opens when the user bites down on it ; the valve may be protected by a dust cover . Some hydration packs are insulated to keep water from freezing or becoming warm . Reservoir sizes commonly range from 1 . 5 to 3 . 0 liters . Some of the latest developments include hydration packs that have pressurized hydration bladders which will force water through an in - line - filter allowing the user access to clean water on the go . Hydration packs are commonly used for outdoor recreational activities , such as hiking , bicycling , and kayaking , as well as for military maneuvers , often dubbed the " Camelback hydration system " or " camel bag " in this context . Hydration Packs are used by various militaries ; the British Army , for example , has been attempting to incorporate water filtration into the system .
Morgan Lewis Smith Morgan Lewis Smith ( March 8 , 1822 – December 29 , 1874 ) was a Union general in the American Civil War . Biography . Smith was born in Oswego County , New York . In 1843 he settled in Indiana , and later had some military experience in the United States Army . At the outbreak of the Civil War he raised the 8th Missouri Volunteer Infantry , of which he was elected Colonel in 1861 . He commanded a brigade at the capture of Fort Donelson , and performed well at Shiloh . At these two battles his losses included only dead and wounded , none missing or captured . This was a testimony to Smith ' s leadership , considering other commands lost thousands to skulkers and prisoners during both battles . In July 1862 he was made a brigadier general of volunteers and served under Sherman in the Vicksburg Campaign . At the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou he received a severe wound , from which he would not recover until October 1863 . He rejoined the Army of the Tennessee before Chattanooga . He led his division in the battle of Chattanooga , and in the following year ' s Atlanta Campaign . During the Battle of Atlanta he temporarily commanded the XV Corps when John A . Logan assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee after James B . McPherson ' s death . He returned to command his division at the battle of Ezra Church but was soon forced to leave active field command due to complications from his wound received at Chickasaw Bluffs . Afterwards he was placed in charge of Vicksburg . General Sherman said of M . L . Smith , " He was one of the bravest men in action I ever knew . " After the Civil War Smith served as U . S . Consul in Honolulu , Hawaii . He died at Jersey City , New Jersey . His brother , Giles Alexander Smith , was also a noted Union general .
William Steinmetz William Steinmetz ( September 2 , 1847 in Newport , Kentucky – June 10 , 1903 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War who received America ' s highest military decoration the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Vicksburg , Mississippi . Biography . William Steinmetz was born in Newport , Kentucky on September 2 , 1847 . He was a Corporal in the American Civil War . He entered service at Sunman , Indiana and he served in the Union Army in Company G , 83rd Indiana Infantry . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions on May 22 , 1863 at Vicksburg , Mississippi . His citation reads " Gallantry in the charge of the " volunteer storming party . " The Vicksburg campaign was waged from March 29 to July 4 , 1863 . It included battles in west - central Mississippi at Port Gibson , Raymond , Jackson , Champion Hill , Big Black River and numerous smaller battle fields . On the morning of May 22 , General Grant launched what he hoped would be a crushing assault against Vicksburg . In the fighting that followed , the Union Infantry was repulsed and thrown back along a three - mile front . The Union Army suffered more than 3 , 000 casualties , and 97 Union soldiers earned Medals of Honor ( the second largest single - day total in history . ) Private William Steinmetz was one of eighty soldiers cited simply for " Gallantry in the charge of the ' volunteer storming party , ' seemingly innocuous wording that actually denotes the fact that Private Steinmetz was at the head of his attacking force where the enemy fire was hottest and the danger the greatest . Following the failed assault on May 22 , a forty - seven day siege was laid against the city , which finally surrendered to Union forces on July 4 . He died on June 10 , 1903 and is buried in Wesleyan Cemetery in Cincinnati , Ohio . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Citation :
Tomoshige Samejima Vice Admiral Baron , was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Biography . Samejima was the grandson of Iwakura Tomomi , and adopted by Admiral Samejima Kazunori a native of Satsuma Domain and noted figure in the Meiji restoration , Tomoshige Samejima graduated 51st of 179 cadets in the 37th class of the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy in 1909 . He served his midshipman duty on the cruiser " Soya " and battleship s " Sagami " , and " Katori " and as a sub - lieutenant on " Aso " , and " Hashidate " . After graduating from naval artillery and torpedo classes , he was assigned to the battleships " Kashima " and " Kawachi " followed by the destroyer " Kaba " . He was promoted to lieutenant in 1915 . He subsequently served on the cruiser " Azuma " and battleship " Kongō " , and after a two year tour as an instructor at the naval gunnery school from 1918 – 1920 , he was reassigned to the battleship " Mutsu " . In 1921 , he served as aide - de - camp to Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito and was promoted to lieutenant commander . From 1921 - 1923 , he attended the Navy Staff College , and on graduation , served two years on the light cruiser " Yura " . From 1925 - 1927 , he traveled to England , where he studied at his own expense . On his return to Japan , he was promoted to commander and assigned as aide - de - camp to Prince Takamatsu Nobuhito . Samejima returned to sea as executive officer of the " Haguro " from November 1929 - November 1930 . His first command was in 1931 as captain of the transport Seito . In 1931 , with the First Shanghai Incident , Samejima served on the staff of the Japanese 1st Expeditionary Fleet and was promoted to captain . He was given command of the cruisers " Kitakami " from 1932 to 1934 , " Mogami " from 1934 to 1935 . " Haguro " from 1935 – 1936 and the battleship " Nagato " from 1936 to 1937 . As rear admiral from December 1937 , Samejima commanded Carrier Division 4 from 1937 – 1938 , Cruiser Division 13 from August – September 1938 , and Carrier Division 2 from September 1938 to October 1939 . From November 1939 to October 1942 , Samejima served as Aide - de - camp to the Emperor of Japan , and was in this position at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor . He was promoted to vice admiral in October 1941 . From October 1942 , Samejima returned to sea as commander of the IJN 4th Fleet , which was responsible for defending the South Pacific Mandate against counter - attacks by the Allied forces . From April 1943 to the surrender of Japan , Samejima served as commander of the IJN 8th Fleet . He retired from active service in 1946 and died in 1966 .
Landkreuzer P . 1000 Ratte Landkreuzer P . 1000 Ratte was a project tank ultra - heavy Nazi Germany . To fit their idealization industry Krupp year 1942 the behest of Adolf Hitler , But the project was canceled by Albert Speer in 1943 . The Landkreuzer weighed over 1000 tonnes , five times heavier than Panzer VIII Maus , The largest tank ever produced . Its main armament was two 280 mm cannons mounted in the same way that the ships of the class Gneisenau , While its secondary armament consisted of anti - tank guns , machine guns and antiaircraft artillery . An even bigger vehicle , Landkreuzer P . 1500 Monster , Was on stage before analysis of both projects were canceled .
Sarath Munasinghe Major General Sarath Munasinghe , RWP , RSP , USP , ndc , psc , SLA was a Sri Lankan General and a politician . He had served in the Sri Lanka Army , becoming Commander Security Forces Headquarter Jaffna and went on to become the Deputy Speaker and Member of Parliament . Military career . Educated at Maliyadeva College , Kurunegala , Munasinghe joined the army as a cadet officer in 1970 and later was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Sri Lanka Artillery . Severing for twenty nine years in the Army he held several senior commands such as ; General Officer Commanding 51 Division SLA and 54 Division SLA ; Commander 12 Brigade Group , Colombo ; Commander 15 Brigade Group , Mannar ; Commanding Officer of 6th Regiment Sri Lanka Artillery ; Coordinating Chief Batticalao , Ampara , Polonnaruwa Districts and Coordinating Officer Welioya . He was also the Army Director Psychological Operations and Director Media Operations Head Quarters , Ministry of Defense and Director Media Army Headquarters whilst being the Army media spokesman . In 1998 he was promoted to the rank of Major General and in 1999 served as Commander Security Forces Headquarter Jaffna , one of the most senior commands in the Sri Lankan military . Political career . Major General Munasinghe entered the Parliament in 2000 as a member of the Peoples Alliance , representing the Kurunegala District and was made Deputy Speaker of Parliament , and in 2001 crossed over to the opposition and became a member of the United National Party ( UNP ) . He was not reelected in 2001 . However he was appointed as the Chairman of the Building Materials Corporation . At the time of his death he was the UNP chief organizer for the Polgahawela electorate . He died after a brief illness and his funeral took place in Kurunegala with full military honors . Family . He was married and has two sons .
SS Samarkand The SS " Samarkand ( Hull Number 1769 , launched as the SS " Peter Cooper ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . Originally named after Peter Cooper , an American industrialist , inventor and philanthropist , the ship was laid down by Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company on 24 July 1943 , then launched on 25 August 1943 . She was loaned to Great Britain as part of the Lend - Lease program where she was renamed the SS " Samarkand " . She was renamed after the Uzbek city of Samarkand . The ship survived the war and was sold into private ownership in 1947 . She was scrapped in 1971 .
Battle of Cyzicus ( 193 ) The Battle of Cyzicus was fought in 193 between the forces of Septimius Severus and his rival for the empire , Pescennius Niger . The battle took place in the context of the Year of the Five Emperors , a tumultuous period in the Roman Empire when Emperor Pertinax was assassinated by the Praetorian Guards . The Praetorian Guards then held an auction for the throne , which was won by Didius Julianus , who became emperor . The auction was unpopular , and Septimius Severus and Pescennius Niger , the governor of Syria ( as well as Clodius Albinus , the governor of Britain ) all claimed the Roman imperial throne after the auction . Severus marched to Rome and had Didius decapitated , then marched to meet Pescennius in battle . The battle was fought near Cyzicus in Asia Minor .
Zadock Cook Zadock Cook ( February 18 , 1769 – August 3 , 1863 ) was a United States Representative from Georgia . Biography . He was born in Virginia and moved to Hancock County , Georgia in early life . He was one of the first white settlers in Clarke County , Georgia . He was self - educated . He served as an Ensign in the Washington County Militia in 1793 and a Captain of the Eleventh Company , Hancock County Militia , in 1796 . Cook was member of the Georgia House of Representatives in 1806 , 1807 , and again in 1822 . He served in the Georgia Senate 1810 - 1814 , 1823 , and 1824 . He was elected as a Republican to the 14th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Alfred Cuthbert . He was reelected to the 15th Congress and served from December 2 , 1816 , to March 3 , 1819 . He retired from public life and settled on his plantation near Watkinsville , Georgia and engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death in 1863 . He was buried in Jackson Cemetery , Clarke ( now Oconee ) County , Georgia .
USS Beluga ( SP - 536 ) USS " Beluga " ( SP - 536 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Beluga " was built in 1911 as a private motorboat " Gaviota " by the Greenport Basin & Construction Company at Greenport on Long Island , New York . She later was renamed " Beluga " . On 14 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Beluga " under a free lease from her owner , Mr . J . Henry Herring of New Bedford , Massachusetts , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Beluga " ( SP - 536 ) on 15 May 1917 . Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England , " Beluga " operated on patrol duties in the coastal waters around the section bases at Newport , Rhode Island , and New Bedford for the rest of World War I . " Beluga " was stricken from the Navy List on 25 November 1918 and returned to Herring .
Robert Conway ( admiral ) Vice Admiral Robert T . Conway , Jr . , was an officer in the United States Navy , who retired from active service on 1 April 2009 . His last assignment was Commander , Navy Installations Command , Washington D . C . , where he led a startup organization of 18 Navy Admirals and Senior Executives , 60 , 000 military staff , government employees and contractors , in the management of 80 Navy bases worldwide . He previously served in various leadership positions at - sea aboard numerous combatant vessels , including USS " Vesole " ( DD - 878 ) , USS " Towers " ( DDG - 9 ) , USS " Bainbridge " ( CGN - 25 ) , USS " Gridley " ( CG - 21 ) , and USS " John Young " ( DD - 973 ) . Ashore , Vice Admiral Conway ' s assignments included Naval Facility Cape Hatteras , Buxton , N . C . ; Officer Candidate School , Newport , R . I . ; Joint Chiefs of Staff , Washington , D . C . ; Bureau of Naval Personnel Washington , D . C . & Millington , Tenn ; Operational Test and Evaluation Force Pacific , Coronado , Calif . Background . Born in Wilkes - Barre , Pennsylvania , and a 1972 graduate of Saint Francis University , Loretto , Pennsylvania . Vice Admiral Conway graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and joined the Navy through Officer Candidate School , and was commissioned as an Ensign the same year . He went on to receive his master ' s degree from Providence University , Providence , Rhode Island . He also is a graduate of the National Defense University ' s , Industrial College of the Armed Forces , Washington , D . C . as well as numerous business and leaderships schools . His assignments have been varied and include seven operational commands ; Vice Admiral Conway has commanded USS " John Young " ( Destroyer Squadron 7 ; Expeditionary Strike Group 1 ; Navy Region Hawaii ; Naval Surface Forces Middle Pacific ; and Task Force WARRIOR . Prior to his retirement , he served as Commander , Naval Installations Command at the Washington Navy Yard ; Washington , D . C . He is currently president of his own consulting company : R . T . Conway & Associates Inc , of Delray Beach , Fla . , specializing in Critical Infrastructure , Renewable Energy , Port Security , Operations and Information Technology . Decorations . Throughout his many years of dedicated service to the Navy , Admiral Conway has received several decorations including :
Avshalom Feinberg Avshalom Feinberg ( , October 23 , 1889 – January 20 , 1917 ) was one of the leaders of Nili , a Jewish spy network in Ottoman Palestine helping the British fight the Ottoman Empire during World War I . Feinberg was born in Gedera , Palestine , then part of the Ottoman Empire , and studied in France . He returned to work with Aaron Aaronsohn at the agronomy research station in Atlit . Soon after the beginning of war , Aaronsohn founded the Nili underground along with his sister Sarah Aaronsohn , Feinberg and Yosef Lishansky . In 1915 Feinberg travelled to Egypt and made contact with British Naval Intelligence . In 1917 , Feinberg again journeyed to Egypt , on foot . He was apparently killed by Bedouin near the British front in Sinai , close to Rafah . His fate was unknown until after the 1967 Six - Day War when his remains were found under a palm tree that had grown from date seeds in his pocket to mark the spot where he lay . In 1979 a new Israeli settlement in the Sinai Peninsula , Avshalom , was named after him . Although it was abandoned in 1982 following the Camp David Accords , a new village by the same name was founded in Israel in 1990 .
Rumpler C . VII The Rumpler C . VII was a military reconnaissance aircraft built in Germany during World War I . It was developed from the C . IV and optimised for high - altitude missions that would allow it to operate at heights that would render it immune to interception by enemy fighters . Work on the C . VII took place after a similar attempt to develop the C . III into a high - altitude machine as the C . V failed . Design and development . The most significant difference between the C . IV and C . VII was the choice of the Maybach Mb IVa engine to replace the Mercedes D . IV . Although the Maybach engine was around 8 % less powerful than the Mercedes ( when measured at the sea level ) , it could continue to provide most of its power output while at altitude , where power from the Mercedes engine decreased more rapidly as height increased . Other changes included wings of slightly greater area and an airscrew of larger diameter . The crew were provided with oxygen generators and electrically - heated flight suits . Rumpler produced the C . VII in two versions : a standard radio - equipped reconnaissance machine , and a photographic version named the Rubild ( or " Rubilt " ) ( " Bild " means " picture " in German ) . Operational history . The two versions of the Rumpler C . VII were in service simultaneously . The " standard " C . VII was used for " armed " long - distance reconnaissance . The armament was one fixed and one manually operated 7 . 92 mm ( . 312 in ) machine gun at the observer / gunner ' s rear position ( the observer also operated a radio ) . The " Rubild " was a " stripped - down " version that dispensed with the forward gun and eliminated all other extraneous equipment in order to carry specialized cameras . The Rubild was capable of operating as high as 7 , 300 m ( 24 , 000 ft ) , and could maintain 160 km / h ( 100 mph ) at 6 , 100 m ( 20 , 000 ft ) . The high - altitude version proved practically invulnerable to interception above 5 , 500 m ( 18 , 000 ft ) . Allied combat reports most often featured the high - flying Rubild which could operate regularly at altitudes above 6 , 100 m ( 20 , 000 ft ) . The type was particularly difficult to intercept , as the Allied fighters were seldom able even to climb to such altitude : At the end of the war , at least one Rumpler C . VII was captured and sent to the United States .
W34 ( nuclear warhead ) The W34 was an American nuclear bomb developed and deployed during the mid - 1960s . Dimensions of the W34 are diameter and long . The device core weighs depending on model . Yield of the W34 was 11 kilotons . The W34 was used in several applications : Mark 101 Lulu nuclear depth bomb , the Mark 45 ASTOR torpedo and the Mark 105 Hotpoint nuclear bomb . The Mk 101 Lulu was manufactured from 1958 , and used until 1971 . A total of 2 , 000 were produced . The Mark 45 ASTOR was produced from 1958 and used until 1976 ; 600 ASTOR were produced . The Mark 105 bomb was produced from 1958 until 1965 , with 600 having been produced . The design of the W34 has been described as identical to the fission primary of the B28 nuclear bomb by some sources . That would place it in the Python primary family of nuclear weapons . The dimensions and weight of the W34 are consistent with the W40 warhead , which is more solidly identified with the Python primary family of weapons .
Elliston Ridge Air Station Elliston Ridge Air Station ( ID : N - 22B , C - 22B ) is a closed General Surveillance - Gap Filler Radar station . It is located north - northwest of St . John ' s , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It was closed in 1961 . History . The site was established in 1957 as a manned Gap Filler radar station , funded by the United States Air Force , under operational control of Red Cliff Air Station and part of Pinetree Line of Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) radar sites . The station was assigned to Aerospace Defense Command in 1957 , and was given designation " N - 22B " ( later " C - 22B ) . " Aerospace Defense Command stationed the 642d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron at the station in 1957 . It operated an AN / FPS - 14 manned Gap Filler search radar . USAF units and assignments . Units : Assignments :