naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Pontlevoy The Battle of Pontlevoy was fought on 6 July 1016 between the forces of Fulk III of Anjou and Herbert I of Maine on one side and Odo II of Blois on the other . It was one of the largest battles of early medieval France and was determining of the balance of power in the Loire Valley for years after it was fought . The battle took place near Pontlevoy on the River Cher , between Blois and Tours , not far from the large Angevin fortress of Montrichard . Odo had ravaged most of the Touraine during Fulk ' s absence on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land . After Fulk ' s return , Odo , with a large force and many siege engine s , attempted to besiege Montrichard , but was interecepted by Fulk just north of Pontlevoy . Surprised by Fulk ' s preparedness , Odo was forced to give battle without putting his troops into formation . This was his disadvantage . The opening went in favour of Odo , however . Fulk was unhorsed and his standard - bearer was felled . Fulk may have even been captured briefly . At this juncture , Herbert intervened , attacking Odo ' s flank from the west . Odo was routed and fled , leaving his infantry to be massacred . There were over 42 , 000 men killed .
Battle of San Martino The 15th Century Battle of San Martino in Italy was part of an ongoing conflict between two city states , the Venetians under Berterelli and the Florentine s under Giovanni , in 1482 . That battle was fought in swirling mists and , owing to their superior tactics , went the way of the Venetians . In 1859 , during the Italian Risorgimento , there was another greater battle here , more commonly called the Battle of Solferino or the " Battle of Solferino and San Martino " ( it was that portion of the struggle , which was fought out between Benedek ( Austrian 8th Corps , on the right flank ) and the Piedmontese army , that is sometimes called the battle of San Martino - Benedek ' s corps held its own all day and covered the retreat of the defeated Austrian army , at the end of the action ) . Solferino was the largest battle since that at Leipzig in 1813 . As a result of their defeat , the Austrians lost their grip on the region . The village of San Martino was renamed San Martino della Battaglia and a tower , museum and ossuary have been erected as a monument to the battle and its fallen . The site is a few kilometres to the South of Lago di Garda . Businessman Henri Dunant was so affected by the plight of the wounded in the aftermath , that he embarked on a path that led to the formation of the Red Cross and the writing of the Geneva Convention . Each year , San Martino holds a festival to remember this battle .
L . James Sullivan Leroy James Sullivan is an American firearms inventor . Going by Jim Sullivan , he is noted as a designer of several ' scaled - down ' versions of larger firearms . He is largely responsible for the Ultimax 100 light machine gun . He also contributed to the Ruger M77 rifle , and the M16 , Stoner 63 , and Ruger Mini - 14 rifles ( scaled from the AR - 10 , Stoner 62 , and M14 rifle respectively ) . Sullivan has since 2007 become very critical of the M16 and M4 rifles that he co - designed .
Waul ' s Legion Waul ' s Legion was a combined arms force from Texas that fought for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . Raised in the spring of 1862 near Brenham , Texas by Brigadier General Thomas Neville Waul , the legion originally consisted of twelve infantry companies , six cavalry companies , and a six - gun battery of artillery . Waul ' s Legion participated in the Battle of Vicksburg as part of Lt . Gen . John C . Pemberton ' s Army of Mississippi . Waul ' s Legion at Vicksburg . Waul ' s Texas Legion is famously known for repelling the Union Army breech of Confederate lines during Ulysses S . Grant ' s largest and final organized assault on the " Fortress City " of Vicksburg , on the 22nd of May 1863 . After Union troops , most notably the 77th Illinois , under command of John Alexander McClernand successfully penetrated Confederate defenses , McClernand urged Grant to follow with his own assault . Unsure of the accuracy of the message , Grant failed to follow suit . Waul ' s Legion , seeing the Union breech , rushed to aid the waining lines . After hours of intense hand - to - hand combat , the Legion put the Union troops to flight and captured two Union banners which had been placed on the fortress parapets . By the time Grant realized there was a definitive breech of enemy fortifications it was too late , Waul ' s Texas Legion had seized the day . The angered Grant , believing McClernand was recklessly chasing glory and thus caused an unnecessary loss of Union soldiers , relieved the politician - general from his post . Being that this was the 3rd failed assault to capture Vicksburg by force , Grant had to resort to starving the Army of Mississippi into the submission . After 47 long days cut off from food and supplies , the defenders of Vicksburg were forced to surrender to Grant ' s Army of the Tennessee on the 4th of July , 1863 . Composition of Waul ' s Legion at Vicksburg :
Stanisław Szeptycki Count Stanisław Maria Szeptycki ( 1867 – 1950 ) was a Polish general and military commander . Life . Born in 1867 in Galicia , Austria – Hungary , he was the grandson of Polish playwright Aleksander Fredro and brother of Andrey Sheptytsky , Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . Szeptycki joined the Austro - Hungarian Army , where he attained the rank of colonel . In 1914 he joined the Polish Legions , where he became commander of the Third Brigade , and from November 1916 to April 1917 commander of the entire Polish Legions formation . Following the Oath Crisis he commanded the German - aligned " Polnische Wehrmacht " . Until February 1918 he was Austro - Hungarian governor general of Lublin , but resigned in protest when Germany turned Chełm and the surrounding area over to the Ukrainians . He joined the newly recreated Polish Army in November 1918 , and replaced General Tadeusz Rozwadowski as Chief of the General Staff , a post that he held until March 1919 . During the Polish - Soviet War of 1919 - 1921 , Szeptycki commanded the Polish Northeast Front and the 4th Army . In 1919 he commanded Operation Minsk . He disagreed with the Polish Commander - in - Chief , Józef Piłsudski , which cost him his post , and joined the National Democratic opposition to Piłsudski . From June to December 1923 he was Minister of Military Affairs ; during that time he challenged Piłsudski to a duel for a perceived slight ( Piłsudski refused the challenge ) . After Piłsudski ' s May 1926 " Coup d ' État " , Szeptycki was dismissed from active service . After World War II , from 1945 to 1950 , he headed the Polish Red Cross ( " Polski Czerwony Krzyż " ) . He died in Korczyna in 1950 .
Wang Ying ( ROC ) Wang Ying ( Chinese : 王英 ; Pinyin : Wáng Yīng ; 1895 - November 4 , 1951 ) A Chinese bandit and minor Japanese puppet warlord from western Suiyuan . Wang was involved in the Chahar People ' s Anti - Japanese Army in 1933 , commanding a formation called the 1st Route . Following the suppression of the Anti - Japan Allied Army , Wang Ying went over to the Japanese Kwantung Army and persuaded them to let him recruit unemployed Chinese soldiers in Chahar Province . He returned to Japanese occupied Northern Chahar with enough men to man two Divisions that were trained by Japanese advisors . By 1936 , Wang was commander of this Grand Han Righteous Army attached to the Inner Mongolian Army of Teh Wang . Following the failure of their first Suiyuan campaign , the Japanese used the Grand Han Righteous Army to launch another attempt to take eastern Suiyuan in January 1937 . Fu Zuoyi routed Wang ’ s army , where it suffered heavy losses . Later , after 1937 , he was able to establish a small puppet army , independent of Mengjiang , in Western Suiyuan under Japanese protection . His " Self Government Army of Western Suiyuan " , in 1943 is numbered at over 2300 men in three divisions in a March 1943 British intelligence report . After Japan had been lost , Wang Ying surrender to Fu Zuoyi , and was appointed to the Commander of the 1st Cavalry Group . Next , he transferred to the Commander of the 14th Cavalry Zongdui ( ) , the 12th War Area . In 1946 , he was appointed to the senior staff officer of the Beiping Camp for the Chairperson of the Military Committee ( ) . After that he also held the Supreme Commander of the Military for Subjugation Communists , the Route of Ping - Pu ( ) . After establishing People ' s Republic of China , Wang Ying was arrested by authority . He was convicted of treason and surrender to the enemy ( namely Hanjian ) and anti - revolution , sentenced to death by the Beijing People ' s Court in May 23 , 1950 . He appealed to the Supreme People ' s court , but this court also affirmed the original judgement . He was executed by firing squad at Beijing on November 4 same year .
Fort Banks ( Australia ) Fort Banks ( " Eastern Command Fixed Defences " ) is an old World War II bunker and fortification complex that was used to protect the approaches to Botany Bay . The fortification is located north of Cape Banks in La Perouse , New South Wales , Australia . History . Prior to World War II a portion of the land located on Cape Banks that belongs to the New South Wales Golf Club was utilized by the Australian Defence Forces for the construction of the Cape Banks Battery . This was part of the Sydney Coastal Defences built prior to & during World War II . The counter bombardment fortifications consisted of two breech loading 9 . 2 inch gun emplacements , underground plotting room , underground powder & shell magazine , hydraulic pump room , & some short tunnels linking the different sections . During this period the Henry Head Battery which was built much earlier was also re - utilized as a local defence post , to stop landing parties from landing at La Perouse to attack Cape Banks , and to deal with torpedo boat attack on Port Botany , and consisted of two breech loading 6 inch guns when built , but removed by 1910 , but by World War II was armed with two 18pdr field guns , on pedestals , in newly built concrete emplacements .
Giles Alexander Smith Giles Alexander Smith ( September 29 , 1829 – November 8 , 1876 ) , was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Biography . Smith was born in Jefferson County , New York . When he was 18 , he moved to southwestern Ohio , and for a decade engaged in business in Cincinnati . In the late 1850s , he moved to Bloomington , Illinois , where he was proprietor of a hotel . At the beginning of the Civil War , he joined the 8th Missouri Volunteer Infantry , in which he became a captain . He took part in the capture of Fort Donelson , the Battle of Shiloh , and the operations against Corinth , becoming , later in 1862 , colonel of a regiment which he led at Chickasaw Bayou . After the final campaign against Vicksburg , he was promoted brigadier general of volunteers . He was wounded at the Third Battle of Chattanooga . He took part in the Atlanta Campaign , the March to the Sea and the Carolinas Campaign , and his promotion to the rank of major general of volunteers in November 1865 was the last one for the Civil War . After the war , he declined the offer of a colonelcy in the Regular Army , and was subsequently engaged in Illinois politics , retiring from public life in 1872 . Smith was an Illinois delegate to the Republican National Convention . He moved to California in 1874 in a futile attempt to improve his health , but returned to Illinois two months before his death . He died at Bloomington , Illinois , and was buried there . His brother Morgan Lewis Smith was also a general .
857th Bombardment Squadron The 857th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 492d Bombardment Group , based at Kirtland Field , New Mexico . It was inactivated on 17 October 1945 . History . Established in October 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron ; assigned to II Bomber Command for training . One of the last B - 24 squadrons established . After training was deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England at RAF North Pickenham . Entered combat in May 1944 , engaging in long - ranger strategic bombardment of enemy industrial targets in central Germany . Attacked airfields and V - weapon launching sites in France during the first week in June . Bombed coastal defenses in Normandy on 6 June 1944 and attacked bridges , railroads , and other interdiction targets in France until the middle of the month . Resumed bombardment of strategic targets in Germany and , except for support of the infantry during the Saint - Lô breakthrough on 25 July 1944 . The squadron suffered very high losses of personnel and equipment while engaged in combat ; combat losses leading to withdrawal of unit from operations in August 1944 after only 89 days of combat . Remaining equipment and personnel were reassigned to other Eighth Air Fore units in England . Squadron organization was transferred without personnel or equipment , to RAF Harrington on 5 August 1944 and assumed personnel , equipment , and the special operations " Carpetbagger " mission of the 406th Bombardment Squadron ( Provisional ) . With black - painted aircraft configured with engine flame dampeners and optimized for night operations , the group operated chiefly over southern France with B - 24 ' s and C - 47 ' s , transporting agents , supplies , and propaganda leaflets to patriots . Flew its last Carpetbagger mission in early March 1945 . Was reassigned to 1st AD headquarters and re - equipped with long - range P - 38 weather reconnaissance aircraft in March 1945 . Flew unarmed recon missions over enemy territory until the German Capitulation in May . Was redesignated a Very Heavy squadron for B - 29 operations in Central Pacific , however became unnecessary when Pacific War ended . Inactivated on 17 October 1945 .
German submarine U - 387 German submarine " U - 387 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out ten patrols . She sank no ships . She was a member of eleven wolf pack s . She was sunk by a British warship in the Barents Sea in December 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 5 September 1941 at the " Howaldtswerke " yard at Kiel as ' werk ' 18 , launched on 1 October 1942 and commissioned on 24 November under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Rudolf Büchler . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 24 November 1942 and the 7th flotilla from 1 July 1943 . She was reassigned to the 13th flotilla from 1 November until her loss . 1st patrol . " U - 387 " s first patrol was preceded by short trips from Kiel to Marviken , then to Bergen in June 1943 . The boat ' s patrol proper commenced with her departure from Bergen on 3 July . She followed the Norwegian coast as far as Bodø and then headed due north as far as a point a few miles short of Svalbard . She then sailed south , passing to the west of Bear Island , docking in Narvik on 21 August . At 50 days , it was her longest patrol , but sighting the enemy did not happen . 2nd and 3rd patrols . The boat ' s second and third sorties were both divided into two parts . Her crew got to know the northern Norwegian , Greenland and Barents Seas particularly well . 4th , 5th and 6th patrols . The monotony of her fourth , fifth and sixth forays was not relieved by success . 7th patrol . By now based in Narvik , the submarine was carrying out her seventh patrol when she was attacked by a Norwegian - crewed Sunderland flying boat of No . 330 Squadron RAF . Enough damage was inflicted to oblige the U - boat to put into Trondheim for repairs . 8th and 9th patrols . " U - 387 " s eighth patrol was uneventful as was her ninth , which took her to the waters around the North Cape . 10th patrol and loss . The boat left Narvik for the last time on 24 November 1944 . On 9 December , she was sunk in the Barents Sea near Murmansk by depth charges dropped by the British corvette HMS " Bamborough Castle " . Fifty - one men died in the U - boat ; there were no survivors .
USCGC Bernard C . Webber ( WPC - 1101 ) The USCGC " Bernard C . Webber " ( WPC - 1101 ) is the first of the United States Coast Guard ' s s . Like most of her sister ships she will replace an . The " Bernard C . Webber " was launched in April 2011 . She commenced her sea trials on November 27 , 2011 . She arrived in her homeport of Miami , Florida , on February 6 , 2012 . She was commissioned on April 14 , 2012 , at the Port of Miami , Miami , Florida . The " Bernard C . Webber " , and the second and third vessels in the class , the , and the , will all be based in Miami , Florida . Like the other ships of her class the " Bernard C . Webber " is named after a heroic enlisted member of the Coast Guard . The ship ' s motto is " ” Determination heeds no interference . ” " . On November 30 , 2012 a very large sound system was donated to the off - duty lounge of the Coast Guard ' s base in Miami . Electronics manufacturer Celebrity donated three systems , awarded to military bases that submitted the best essays explaining the needs for the systems . The crew of the " Bernard C . Webber " accepted the sound system on behalf of the base ' s other personnel .
820th Strategic Aerospace Division The 820th Strategic Aerospace Division ( 820th SAD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Strategic Air Command , assigned to Eighth Air Force , being stationed at Plattsburgh Air Force Base , New York . It was inactivated on June 25 , 1965 . History . Activated in 1956 as an intermediate command echelon of Strategic Air Command , providing command and control of B - 47 Stratojet subordinate units in New England and upper New York . It also managed SAC MAJCOM B - 52 Stratofortress Strategic wings , along with air refueling squadrons . The 820th supervised the organization and training of its subordinate units in long range bombardment and air to air refueling operations . Acquired control of SM - 65 Atlas ICBM missile wings in 1962 for strategic aerospace warfare using intercontinental ballistic missiles , being redesignated as a Strategic Aerospace Division . The division supervised the training of assigned reserve personnel and units . In fulfilling its mission , the 820th participated in numerous training exercises . Inactivated in June 1965 as part of the phaseout of the B - 47 . Components . Wings Squadrons KC - 97s of 341st ARS assigned to Dow AFB , Maine = 22 aircraft - - - one was an " E " model , tail 51 - 151 ( overwing fueling only ) , we had several " F " models ( no drop tanks but central pressure fueling ) and the balance were 52 - " G " models . some I remember were 52 - 619 , - 620 , - 621 , - 622 , - 623 and - 624 . All had R - 4360 - 59B engines . The air re - fuleing tank location was very different on " E " , " F " , and " G " models and the flight engineers station was a mess on 51 - 151 .
AS - 30 Design . The first AS - 30 was a development of the 1960s Nord AS - 20 to allow both an increase in range and a much larger warhead , and is almost identical to the earlier AS - 20 in design . The AS - 30 has four large steeply swept - back fins like those on the AS - 20 , cruciform in cross - section around the midsection of its body . But because of its larger size , the AS - 30 in addition has four smaller fins at the rear of the missile body to increase stability in flight . The AS - 30 has a two - stage solid fuel rocket motor , a short burn time booster section which is exhausted through two large nozzles located mid - way between the rear edge ' s of the large fins , and a longer burn time sustainer , which exhaust at a nozzle located at the back - center of the missile body . As with the AS - 20 , the AS - 30 uses a simple MCLOS guidance with the pilot aligning the flares located near the missile ' s rear with the target and controlling the missile in flight after launch with a small joystick sending steering commands to the missile via a radio link . The steering commands steer the missile back to the line - of - sight by thrust vectoring by the movement of one of four metal vanes around the sustainer nozzle . The missile ' s internal gyro gives the missile command unit the correct position of the missile in flight , so each of the four thrust vanes can actuate at the correct time to steer the missile back to the correct flight path . AS - 30L . The AS - 30L is a French short - to - medium range air - to - ground missile which employs laser homing guidance . The AS - 30L was a development of the earlier 1970s AS - 30 missile , which uses MCLOS guidance via a radio command link between the aircraft to the missile . The only difference between the AS - 30 and AS - 30L is their guidance systems . In appearance , the earlier AS - 30 has a sharp nose and the AS - 30L has a slightly blunted nose . The AS - 30L is employed for attacking targets which require a high degree of precision to engage effectively , but are also potentially dangerous enough to necessitate a longer - distance " stand off " attack profile to reduce the danger to the aircraft and pilot to ground based anti - aircraft defences . The missile has a range of 3 to 11 kilometers , carries a 240 kilogram warhead , and claims a 1 - meter CEP with either airborne or ground - based laser designators . Operational life . The AS - 30L was deployed by French SEPECAT Jaguar aircraft during Operation Desert Storm in Iraq and Operation Deliberate Force in Bosnia , with roughly 60 missiles being launched . It was proven highly effective and accurate , with a claimed hit rate of 97 % . The AS - 30L was deployed by French Super - Étendard aircraft during Operation Harmattan in Lybia . At that time it was no longer in service with the Armée de l ' Air . References and notes . http : / / www . fas . org / man / dod - 101 / sys / missile / row / as30 . htm , Federation of American Scientists
Soldier ' s Rest Soldier ' s Rest is a historic farmhouse located in Berryville , Clarke County , Virginia . It was constructed about 1780 for the family of William Morton , it was later owned and added to by Daniel Morgan , a general in the American Revolution , and by Col Griffin Taylor , a veteran of the War of 1812 , perhaps giving the home its name " Soldier ' s Rest " . Prior to the current house being built , a smaller one stood some 200 yards away , and said to be the place where George Washington stayed when he was surveying the land here for Lord Fairfax in 1748 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 .
IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade The Imperial Japanese Army 4th Cavalry Brigade was originally formed April 1 , 1909 . It was assigned to Kwantung Army in April 1933 as part of the IJA Cavalry Group . It was then assigned with the Cavalry Group to Northern China Area Army , June 1938 . On September 5 , 1939 , 4th Cavalry Brigade was put directly under North China Area Army . Again with the Group it was assigned to Mongolia Garrison Army in February 1939 . Assigned to Twelfth Army in December 1942 . Organization . 4th Cavalry Brigade Later additions
Battle of Doliana The Battle of Doliana took place during the Greek War of Independence on 18 May 1821 . Battle . The Ottoman army met up with a Greek force of 200 men under Nikitas Stamatelopoulos ( Greek : Νικήτας Σταματελόπουλος ) , better known as " Nikitaras " ( Greek : Νικηταράς ) . The Greeks , though outnumbered , managed to knock out the Ottoman artillery and spread panic among their enemies , who left 300 dead on the battlefield and much booty . Nikitaras , who had up to that point lived in the shadow of his uncle Theodoros Kolokotronis , earned a name for himself and the nickname " Tourkofagos " ( Greek : Τουρκοφάγος ) ( Turk - eater ) . Legend says that after the battle his sword had become stuck to his hand and could not be removed . Significance . The Battle of Doliana was a big morale booster for the irregular Greek army . It marked the last time the besieged Ottoman army left Tripolis , and it opened the way for the fall of that city and the firm establishment of the independence movement in the Peloponnese .