naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Achaeus ( general ) Achaeus ( ; died 213 BC ) was a general and later a separatist ruler of part of the Greek Seleucid kingdom . He was the son of Andromachus , whose sister Laodice II married Seleucus Callinicus , the father of Antiochus III the Great . Achaeus himself married Laodice of Pontus , one of the daughters to Laodice and Mithridates II of Pontus . He accompanied Seleucus Ceraunus , the son of Callinicus , in his expedition across mount Taurus against Attalus I , and after the assassination of Seleucus revenged his death ; and though he might easily have assumed the royal power , he remained faithful to the family of Seleucus . In 223 BC Antiochus III , the successor of Seleucus , appointed him to the command of all Asia Minor on the western side of Mount Taurus . Achaeus recovered all the districts which Attalus had gained for the Seleucids once more ; but being falsely accused by Hermeias , the minister to Antiochus , of intending to revolt , he did so in self - defence , assumed the title of king , and ruled over the whole of Asia on the western side of the Taurus . As long as Antiochus was engaged in the war with Ptolemy , he would not march against Achaeus ; but upon the conclusion of a treaty with Ptolemy , he crossed the Taurus , uniting his forces with Attalus , and in one campaign deprived Achaeus of his dominions and took Sardis ( with the exception of the citadel ) . After sustaining a siege of two years , the citadel at last fell into the hands of Antiochus in 213 BC , through the treachery of Bolis ( who had been employed by Sosibius , minister to Ptolemy ) . Bolis pledged to deliver Achaeus to safety , but turned him over to Antiochus , who immediately put him to death .
SS Russell A . Alger SS " Russell A . Alger " ( MC contract 1754 ) was a Liberty ship that was supposed to be built in the United States during World War II . She was intended to be named after Russell A . Alger , a Michigan Senator , Governor and U . S . Secretary of War . Ordered from the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation , Portland , Oregon , the ship was cancelled before construction .
Gabriel , comte de Montgomery Gabriel , comte de Montgomery , seigneur de Lorges ( 5 May 1530 – 26 June 1574 ) , a French nobleman , was a captain in Henry II ' s Scots Guards . He is remembered for mortally injuring Henry in a jousting accident and subsequently converting to Protestantism , the faith that the Scottish Guard sought to suppress . On either 30 June or 1 July 1559 , during a jousting match to celebrate the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis between Henry II and his longtime Habsburg enemies , a splinter of wood from Montgomery ' s shattered lance pierced Henry ' s eye and entered his brain , mortally injuring him . From his deathbed Henry absolved Montgomery of any blame , but , finding himself disgraced , Montgomery retreated to his estates in Normandy . There he studied theology and converted to Protestantism , making him an enemy of the state . In 1562 , Montgomery allied himself with another Protestant convert , Louis I de Bourbon , prince de Condé . He was one of the few refugees to survive the St . Bartholomew ' s Day massacre after a wounded Huguenot swam across the Seine to warn him that rioting had begun . He took control of Bourges and during September and October defended Rouen from the Royal Army . A price was put on his head , but he managed to escape to England . The queen mother , Catherine de ' Medici , asked Queen Elizabeth I for his extradition , but Elizabeth refused . Montgomery returned to France with a fleet in an attempt to relieve the Siege of La Rochelle in 1573 and the following year he attempted an insurrection in Normandy , but was captured and sentenced to death . On 26 June 1574 , as he was about to be beheaded , Montgomery was informed that a royal edict had proclaimed that his property would be confiscated and his children deprived of their titles . A freely adapted version of Montgomery ' s life is told in Alexandre Dumas ' novel " The Two Dianas " .
78th Infantry Division ( United Kingdom ) The British 78th Infantry Division , also known as the " Battleaxe Division " , fought in the Second World War in North Africa and Italy . History . The 78th was formed specifically for Operation Torch from regular British Army units , landing at Algiers in 1942 . Thereafter it had a prominent role in the Tunisia Campaign , gaining a formidable reputation , then through the Allied invasion of Sicily , up the length of Italy , arriving in Austria for the end of the war . Units also saw action in Greece , Palestine , and Egypt . Notable engagements include in Tunisia Longstop Hill , in Sicily the Battle of Centuripe and in Italy the assaults on the Viktor Line ( Battle of Termoli ) , the Barbara Line and the River Sangro ( Gustav Line ) as well as the Battle of Monte Cassino , the Trasimene Line , the Gothic Line and Battle of the Argenta Gap . Composition . Order of battle from 1942 composed from units of Force 110 . Support units . 56th Reconnaissance Regiment , Royal Armoured Corps 1st Battalion , Princess Louise ' s Kensington Regiment ( Machine gun battalion ) Royal Artillery Royal Engineers Royal Army Medical Corps
Siege of Athlone Athlone in central Ireland , was besieged twice during the Williamite War in Ireland ( 1689 – 91 ) . The town is situated on the River Shannon and commanded the bridge crossing the river into the Jacobite held province of Connaught . For this reason , it was of key strategic importance . First siege , 1690 . The Williamite s first besieged Athlone in 1690 , not long after their victory in the Battle of the Boyne . During this siege , they were commanded by William of Orange . They were , however , unsuccessful . 1691 siege . The following year in the Summer of 1691 , the Williamites having regrouped at Mullingar proceeded through the village of Ballymore and tried again to take Athlone , this time led by Dutch general Godart de Ginkel . An assault was made on the eastern part of Athlone on June 20 , which caused the Jacobites to retreat across the Shannon to the west bank of the river , but on the way the rebels dismantled the bridge . The Jacobites garrison at the western half of Athlone led by Clifford , initially held off the Williamite assault by fierce fighting , centred on the bridge over the Shannon . The Williamites tried to lay planks over the partially wrecked structure , which the Irish Jacobite troops managed to destroy despite coming under intense fire . Several attempts by the Williamites to storm the bridge were repulsed with heavy losses . The Williamite bombardment of the western , Connacht , side of the town was intense , with over 60 , 000 shot fired into the town over a ten - day period . One survivor described the scene , " with the balls and bombs flying so thick , that spot was hell on earth " . However , Ginkel identified another crossing upriver and sent an elite grenadier force , 2 , 000 strong , to cross there and attack the Jacobite positions from the rear . The grenadiers manned the town ' s west - facing ramparts and held off Jacobite counter - attacks until the main Williamite force could be brought up . After this , the Jacobite garrison , who had been awaiting reinforcement from the main Jacobite force advancing from Limerick , hastily abandoned their positions in Athlone . Ginkel and the Williamites went on to march on Limerick . On the march they were confronted by the main Jacobite army at the Battle of Aughrim and the Williamites inflicted a crushing defeat on them — effectively ending Jacobite resistance in Ireland .
Edinample Castle Edinample Castle is a late 16th century castle on the southern shores of Loch Earn near Balquhidder in the Stirling council area of Scotland . The castle takes the form of a Z - plan tower house , originally built by ' Black ' Duncan Campbell ( " Donnchadh Dubh " ) of Glenorchy . It is built on land acquired by the Campbell s after their campaign for proscription , and subsequent demise of the MacGregor s . It is said that Black Duncan pushed the castle ' s builder off the roof , in part to avoid paying him , but also because he omitted to construct the rampart s that had been requested . It is also said that the ghost of the builder has been seen walking on the roof . The castle was extended in both the 18th and early 20th centuries , but fell into a state of dereliction by the early 1970s . It has now been refurbished for use as a private family home .
Anglo - Turkish War ( 1807 – 09 ) The Anglo - Turkish War of 1807 – 1809 took place as a part of the Napoleonic Wars . In the summer of 1806 , during the War of the Third Coalition ( of Britain , Russia , Prussia , Sweden ) , Napoleon ' s ambassador General Count Sebastiani managed to convince the Porte to cancel all special privileges granted to Russia in 1805 and to open the Turkish straits ( Dardanelles ) exclusively to French warships . In return , Napoleon promised to help the Sultan suppress a rebellion in Serbia and to recover lost Ottoman territories . When the Russian army marched into Moldavia and Wallachia in 1806 , the Ottomans declared war on Russia . During the Dardanelles Operation in September 1806 , Britain pressured Sultan Selim III to expel Sebastiani , declare war on France , cede the Danubian Principalities to Russia , and surrender the Ottoman fleet , together with the forts on the Dardanelles , to the Royal Navy . After Selim ' s rejection of the ultimatum , a British squadron , commanded by Vice - admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth , entered the Dardanelles on 19 February 1807 and destroyed an Ottoman naval force in the Sea of Marmara , and anchored opposite Constantinople . But the Turks erected powerful batteries and strengthen their fortifications with the help of General Sebastiani and French engineers . The British warships were cannonaded and Duckworth was forced to sail back to the Mediterranean on 3 March 1807 . On 16 March 1807 , 5000 British troops embarked on the Alexandria expedition of 1807 and occupied Alexandria in August , although Khedive Muhammad Ali defeated them heavily and forced them to evacuate five months later after a short siege ; however , Turkey had a little military support from France in the war with Russia . Napoleon failed to secure Russia ' s compliance with the armistice agreement of 1807 . Therefore , on 5 January 1809 , the Ottoman government concluded the Treaty of the Dardanelles with Britain ( being now in war with both France and Russia ) .
Siege of Limerick ( 1691 ) Limerick in western Ireland was besieged twice during the Williamite War in Ireland ( 1689 – 91 ) . The city , held by Jacobite forces was able to beat off a Williamite assault in 1690 . However , after a second siege in August – October 1691 , it surrendered on terms . The siege . By the time of the second siege , the military situation had turned against the Jacobites . The main Jacobite army was smashed at the Battle of Aughrim in July 1691 , losing 4 , 000 men killed , including their commander , the Marquis de St Ruth and thousands more taken prisoner and deserted . Galway had surrendered in July 1691 . The Jacobite survivors retreated to Limerick , but in contrast to the previous year , their morale was very low and they were ready to surrender . On the other hand , the defences of Limerick had been considerably strengthened since 1690 . The Williamite general Godert de Ginkell surrounded the city and bombarded it , tearing a breach in the walls of English town . A surprise Williamite attack drove the Irish defenders from the earthworks defending Thomond bridge , sending its Irish defenders reeling back towards Limerick . The French defenders of the main gate of the city refused to open it for the fleeing Irish and about 800 of them were cut down or drowned in the river Shannon . Capitulation and Treaty . After this point , Patrick Sarsfield ousted the Chevalier de Tessé and the Marquis d ' Usson , the French commanders in Limerick , and began negotiations to surrender . He and Ginkel concluded a treaty that promised to : respect the civilian population of Limerick ; tolerate the Catholic religion in Ireland ; guarantee against the confiscation of Catholic - owned land ; and allow Sarsfield and the Jacobite army to be transported to France . Limerick surrendered under these terms in October 1691 . Sarsfield left Ireland with 10 , 000 soldiers and 4 , 000 women and children to enter the French service . This journey has become known as the Flight of the Wild Geese . The terms of the Treaty of Limerick were subsequently rejected in the Protestant dominated Irish Parliament . External links . Siege of Limerick ( 1691 )
Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan is , in principle , the highest - ranking military officer in the Pakistan Defense Forces , and the principal military advisor to the Prime minister of Pakistan , Parliament of Pakistan , Ministry of Defence , and the National Security Council . However , even as the Principal Staff Officer , the Chairman does not have any authority over the combatant forces . The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination of the Armed and Combatant forces . Despite not being the highest - ranking officer , in Pakistan , the Chief of Army Staff is considered a powerful officer as can be seen by the number of times the Army Chief of Staff has overthrown the government and declared himself the ruler of the country . The Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch but does not have operational command authority over them or their service branches . General Pervez Musharraf is the only military officer , who as Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee ( note that he was also Chief of Army Staff at the same time ) , overthrew the democratic government of Prime minister Nawaz Sharif on October 12 , 1999 ( See 1999 Pakistani coup d ' état ) , The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee ( JCSC ) , comprising the Chairman , the Chiefs of Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff . In Pakistan , the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is an important and highly prestigious staff assignment in Pakistan Armed Forces , but the chairman does not have any command authority over combatant forces . While , the chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services . The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the Prime minister and President as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary . The Chairman is nominated by the President , on the advice of the Prime minister . Unlike United States ' s Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the appointment of Chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the Parliament . Though , the appointment needs confirmation from the Prime minister . By statute , the Chairman is appointed as a four - star general , four - star air chief marshal and / or four star admiral . By law , all 4 - star officers are required to have vast experience in joint uniformed services of Pakistan during their 40 year long military careers . The post of CJCSC was created by former Prime minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in March 1976 , and the first Chairman was four star rank officer , General Muhammad Shariff . The current holder of the office is General Khalid Shameem Wynne who is recently promoted to a 4 star rank .
Second - in - command The second - in - command ( 2i / c or 2IC ) is the deputy commander of any British Army or Royal Marines unit , from battalion or regiment downwards . He or she is thus the equivalent of an executive officer in the United States Army . This terminology is also used in many other Commonwealth armies . The second - in - command of a battalion is usually a major and the second - in - command of a regiment is a lieutenant colonel . The second - in - command of a company , squadron or artillery battery ( in which he or she is called the battery captain ) is usually a captain ( although infantry company second - in - commands were usually lieutenant s until after the Second World War ) , the second - in - command of a platoon or troop is the platoon or troop sergeant , and the second - in - command of a section is usually a lance corporal . In the Royal Navy , the second - in - command of a vessel is known as the first lieutenant or executive officer . Other meanings / uses . In common usage , the term refers to a deputy . Its basic meaning is " someone who relieves a commander " . When the first - in - command is absent , the second - in - command will temporarily assume the duties thereof . Some have asserted that there exists the theoretical concept of a third - in - command whereby the so - called " third - in - command " assumes the duties of the absent second - in - command , excepting , of course , when the first - in - command is not absent .
Rasmus Hatledal Rasmus Hatledal ( 1885 – 1963 ) was a Norwegian topographer and military officer . He was born in Stryn . He was appointed colonel and chief of the general staff in 1938 . The post - war investigation committee , " Undersøkelseskommisjonen av 1945 " , appreciated Hatledal ' s mobilizing efforts in 1940 . He was decorated Commander of the Order of St . Olav in 1949 , and was also Commander of the Swedish Order of the Sword .
Electronic warfare support measures In military telecommunications , the terms Electronic Support ( ES ) or Electronic Support Measures ( ESM ) describe the division of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to detect , intercept , identify , locate , record , and / or analyze sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purposes of immediate threat recognition ( such as warning that fire control RADAR has locked on a combat vehicle , ship , or aircraft ) or longer - term operational planning . Thus , Electronic Support provides a source of information required for decisions involving Electronic Protection ( EP ) , Electronic Attack ( EA ) , avoidance , targeting , and other tactical employment of forces . Electronic Support data can be used to produce signals intelligence ( SIGINT ) , communications intelligence ( COMINT ) and electronics intelligence ( ELINT ) . Electronic support measures gather intelligence through passive " listening " to electromagnetic radiations of military interest . Electronic support measures can provide ( 1 ) initial detection or knowledge of foreign systems , ( 2 ) a library of technical and operational data on foreign systems , and ( 3 ) tactical combat information utilizing that library . ESM collection platforms can remain electronically silent and detect and analyze RADAR transmissions beyond the RADAR detection range because of the greater power of the transmitted electromagnetic pulse with respect to a reflected echo of that pulse . United States airborne ESM receivers are designated in the AN / ALR series . Desirable characteristics for electromagnetic surveillance and collection equipment include ( 1 ) wide - spectrum or bandwidth capability because foreign frequencies are initially unknown , ( 2 ) wide dynamic range because signal strength is initially unknown , ( 3 ) narrow bandpass to discriminate the signal of interest from other electromagnetic radiation on nearby frequencies , and ( 4 ) good angle - of arrival measurement for bearings to locate the transmitter . The frequency spectrum of interest ranges from 30 MHz to 50 GHz . Multiple receivers are typically required for surveillance of the entire spectrum , but tactical receivers may be functional within a specific signal strength threshold of a smaller frequency range .
Edward R . Bowman Edward R . Bowman ( 1826 – 1898 ) was a sailor in the U . S . Navy during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15 , 1865 . Military service . Bowman volunteered for service in the U . S . Navy and was assigned to the Union sloop - of - war . His enlistment is credited to the state of Maine . On January 15 , 1865 , the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors , marines , and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry . Bowman was aboard the Ticonderoga which directed its fire at Fort Fisher . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Quartermaster Edward R . Bowman , United States Navy , for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U . S . S . TICONDEROGA during attacks on Fort Fisher , North Carolina , 13 to 15 January 1865 . Despite severe wounds sustained during the action Quartermaster Bowman displayed outstanding courage in the performance of duty as his ship maintained its well - placed fire upon the batteries on shore , and thereafter , as she materially lessened the power of guns on the mound which had been turned upon our assaulting columns . During this battle the flag was planted on one of the strongest fortifications possessed by the rebels . General Orders : War Department , General Orders No . 59 ( June 22 , 1865 ) Action Date : January 15 , 1865 Service : Navy Rank : Quartermaster Division : U . S . S . Ticonderoga
Ministry of National Defence ( Ecuador ) The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Ecuador is the ministry responsible for national defense and is responsible for controlling all three branches of the Military of Ecuador . Besides controls and manages the various barracks , military zones and monuments homelands where battles have been important throughout the country . The headquarters of the Ministry is in the city of Quito . Is the backbone of the state , responsible for ensuring the governability of the nation , peace and public security , the maintenance of democracy and full respect to the Constitution and Human Rights . The ministry is part of the Secretary General of the National Security Council ( Cosine ) . has contributed to the space program through the FAE for the opportunities of the program in civil security , national and military intelligence , including espionage , and possible development of weapons technology to aerospace .
Caproni Ca . 124 The Caproni Ca . 124 was a single - engine Italian reconnaissance and bomber seaplane from the 1930s . Design . The Caproni Ca . 124 was a cantilever mid - wing monoplane of mixed construction . The fuselage was corrugated - skinned and the empennage cantilever and conventional , with the tailplane set at mid - fuselage . The pilot ' s cockpit was forward of the leading edge . It was a floatplane , mounted on metal floats each attached to the wings by pairs of N - form laterally orientated struts . The Ca . 124 was powered by a 900 hp ( 670 kW ) Isotta - Fraschini Asso XI . RC 15 , a water - cooled upright V - 12 engine , supercharged to maintain power to 1 , 500 m ( 4 , 920 ft ) . Bombs were contained within the fuselage , below the wing .