naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Shadow box A shadow box is an enclosed glass - front case containing an object or objects presented in a thematic grouping with artistic or personal significance . The grouping of the objects and the depth effect created by their relative heights from the backing creates a dramatic visual result . While shadow boxes have a strong tradition in military history , they are also frequently created purely for artistic goals . The best - known artist of shadow boxes is Joseph Cornell . Military shadow boxes . By tradition , shadow boxes are typically presented to members of the military upon retirement . These shadow boxes will usually contain the various medal s and award s a person has earned through a military career , the flag of both their country and military service , and their final badge of rank . In the United States , some companies specialize in the construction and sale of shadow boxes . Price can range from just a few dollars to several hundred . People often purchase these in order to preserve , and still enjoy memorabilia . A similar case , called the uniform display case , displays an entire uniform with correct insignia placement . During the retirement ceremony and certainly upon retirement , many members of the military , particularly in the naval service , utilize the lift out trays found in antique trunks as their shadow box . Some retirees also maximize the space found in these trunks by also incorporating shadow boxes in the lid compartment as well . An added benefit by having a shadow box in an antique trunk is all of the storage space for uniforms , hats , photograph albums , and any other service memorabilia collected over the years . History of military shadow boxes . Military shadow boxes were originally simple boxes in which sailors retiring from shipboard service carried their belongings ashore . Superstition held that if the sailor ' s shadow touched shore before he set foot upon it that he would suffer ill luck . By carrying his belongings , a metaphorical " shadow " of himself , enclosed within the box he could ensure he would touch land before his " shadow . "
CAG bird CAG bird is a specially painted aircraft , officially ( but usually not really ) flown by the commanding officer of United States Navy Carrier Air Group s . Every carrier - based aircraft squadron of the United States Navy has such an aircraft that wears modex usually ending with the ' 00 ' numbers . Due to their striking , colorful paint schemes , enthusiasts such as modelers and aircraft photographers show great interest in these aircraft . Similar terms for " CAG Birds " include :
Fiat G . 12 The Fiat G . 12 was an Italian transport aircraft of World War II . Design and development . The G . 12 was an all - metal low - wing cantilever personnel transport aircraft . It had three radial engines , one mounted on the fuselage nose and the other two in wing - mounted nacelles . The engines drove three - blade feathering metal propellers . The mainwheels of its landing gear retracted into the nacelles ; the tailwheel was fixed . The flight deck and cabin were fully enclosed . Access was via a port - side access door aft of the wing . The G . 12 was designed as a civil aircraft , but served mainly in military roles during the war . Only a limited number were built , some as late as 1944 , after the Italian armistice . The G . 12 inspired the postwar G . 212 " Flying Classroom " , the last Italian three - engine transporter . Crew : 4
Institut des hautes études de défense nationale The Institut des hautes études de défense nationale ( fr : Institute of Advanced Studies in National Defence ) is a French public institution for expertise and sensibilisation towards defence matters , founded in 1936 by Admiral Raoul Castex . It is under direct responsibility of the Prime Minister , and located in the École Militaire . The vocation of the Institute is to train military and civilian public servants in defence matters . In 2010 , the deputy director of the defense college was Robert Ranquet .
Usuki Castle History . This castle was constructed by Ōtomo Sōrin in 1562 on the island Nyū - jima , in Usuki Bay as his head castle . During the 1560s , Sōrin had the largest territory in Kyūshū . However , after defeat at the Battle of Mimikawa in 1578 , the power of Sōrin and the Ōtomo clan rapidly declined . In 1586 , this castle fell to Shimazu Yoshihiro , a daimyo of Kagoshima , but was rescued by Toyotomi Hideyoshi .
Alexander McDowell Alexander McDowell ( March 4 , 1845 – September 30 , 1913 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Alexander McDowell was born in Franklin , Pennsylvania . He attended the common schools and learned the printing trade . He studied law but never practiced . During the American Civil War , he served in the Union Army in the One Hundred and Twenty - first Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers . He was mustered out at the close of the war as brevet major . He served as editor and publisher of the " Venango Citizen " until 1870 , when he moved to Sharon and engaged in banking . He served as treasurer and director of the School Board of Sharon from 1880 to 1913 , and as treasurer of the borough of Sharon from 1880 to 1909 . McDowell was elected as a Republican to the Fifty - third Congress . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1894 . He was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives on March 4 , 1895 , and served in that capacity until March 3 , 1911 . He was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1900 , 1904 , and 1908 . He resumed banking interests , and died in Sharon , Pennsylvania . Interment in Oakwood Cemetery .
Battle of Sipe - Sipe The Battle of Sipe - Sipe ( also known as Battle of Viluma among Spanish historians ) was a major battle in the South American wars of independence in which the United Provinces of Río de la Plata ( formerly the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ) were decisively defeated by Spanish royalist forces in Upper Peru ( now Bolivia ) . The battle took place on November 29 , 1815 , and resulted in the loss of Upper Peru for Buenos Aires . The area was reannexed by the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru . The Army of the North had been under the command of José de San Martín , but for health reasons he asked to be relieved . He was replaced by José Rondeau . At the time of the third campaign in Upper Peru ( the first two had been beaten off ) , General Carlos María de Alvear was named by Supreme Director Ignacio Álvarez Thomas to replace Rondeau . However Rondeau ' s officers revolted , and communicated to him that they would obey only his orders . Rondeau , now in revolt himself , accepted the officers ' proposal and remained in charge . General Martín Miguel de Güemes , a rival of Rondeau , withdrew the support of his Gauchos and retired to Salta , taking with him the part of the army that was in Jujuy . After a successful battle in April at Puesto del Marquéz , near today ' s border between Bolivia and Argentina , Rondeau ' s army reached Potosí by June and Chayanta by September . In October , an attempt to overrun a small Royalist garrison at Venta y Media ended in defeat . Undeterred , the Army of the North occupied Cochabamba . From Cochabamba , Rondeau camped in the plateau of Sipe - Sipe , near the city of the same name . There on November 28 , 1815 his forces were met by the Royalist forces from Peru under Brigadier Joaquín de la Pezuela . Rondeau had 3 , 000 to 3 , 500 men and nine field guns ; Pezuela commanded 5 , 100 men and 23 field guns . The result of the battle the next day was the most serious defeat of the independentist movements since the Battle of Huaqui in 1811 . The insurgents ' losses were estimated at 2 , 000 men and all of their artillery . With this defeat , the region of Upper Peru was finally lost to the United Provinces , and Spanish control was reestablished . For his success , in 1816 Pezuela was named interim viceroy of Peru by royal order dated October 15 , 1815 . The following year he was also promoted to lieutenant general and given the title " Marquis of Viluma " . Rondeau was removed from his command in 1816 and he returned to Buenos Aires .
Second Battle of Wawer The Second battle of Wawer ( ) was an armed engagement between Polish and Imperial Russian troops . It happened on 31 March 1831 during the November Uprising and was one of the first battles of a successful Polish offensive planned by Gen . Ignacy Prądzyński . The Polish success led to another victorious battle of Dębe Wielkie later that day .
Yom - Tov Samia Yom Tov Samia is a retired Israeli general . He was head of the Israel Defense Forces ' Southern Command from January 2001 to December 2003 . He retired from military service as a Major General . Biography . Samia holds a Ph . D in Sociology and Political Science . In 1998 he won the Tel Aviv University ' s Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies ' s " Tshetshik Prize for Israel ' s Security " for his research on " " The Organizational Climate of the IDF ' s Field Units . " " Samia was President & CEO of the BARAN Group , is currently ( 2008 ) President of " Yam Deshers " LTD , President and CEO of Israel Corp ( Biofuels ) , S . B . Security , Katz Logistics , Orgad Holding , E . D . S . Isarel , Girit Celadon Israel ( Gates and Checkpoints systems ) . He writes for various magazines on issues of national security , such as this 2007 article from the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs entitled " Weapons Smuggling from Egypt to Gaza : What Can Egypt and Israel Do ? "
John Everard Gurdon John Everard Gurdon , ( 24 May 1898 – 14 April 1973 ) , was a British flying ace in the First World War credited with twenty - eight victories . Background . Gurdon attended Tonbridge School in Kent . He joined the Army in 1916 , attending Sandhurst in September of that year . Involvement in the First World War . Gurdon was commissioned into the Suffolk Regiment and was transferred to the RFC in May 1917 . He completed his pilot training at Central Flying School and was sent to No . 22 Squadron in 1918 , flying Bristol F . 2 Fighter s . Gurdon achieved all twenty - eight of his victories flying the Bristol Fighter aircraft , seventeen of them using the front gun . On 7 May 1918 he was involved in an historic engagement known as the ' Two versus Twenty ' . Gurdon , together with his observer 2 / Lt . John Thornton , in partnership with one other Bristol Fighter aircraft , piloted by Alfred Atkey with his observer Charles George Gass engaged twenty enemy aircraft . Gurdon and Thornton shot down three enemy aircraft ; Atkey and Gass shot down five enemy aircraft . On 10 June 1918 his aircraft was badly shot up , Gurdon being hit by a bullet in the left arm , and his gunner , Lt . J . J . Scaramaga , being killed . In August he received concussion from an anti - aircraft shell near - miss . He returned to the Uk in September 1918 and reliquished his commission in December of that year . His claim tally , in conjunction with his gunners , consisted of 13 and one shared destroyed , and 14 ' out of control ' . Gurdon married in 1921 and had three sons , one of which , Sgt . John Robert Gurdon , was killed in action in 1943 flying Wellingtons of No . 166 Squadron . Another son , Philip Gurdon , flew Spitfires in Burma . Second World War . Despite being blinded in one eye after a car crash in 1935 and suffering a hip problem following an aircraft landing accident , in 1939 Gurdon rejoined the Royal Air Force at the outbreak of war , serving as an instructor . He managed to fly on several bombing operations unofficially as a front gunner on Wellingtons , but after a landing accident aggravated his existing hip problem he was invalided out of the service . John Gurdon died on 14 April 1973 in Alassio , Italy .
HMS Gay Bombardier ( P1042 ) HMS " Gay Bombardier " ( P1042 ) was a " Gay " - class fast patrol boat of the Royal Navy . She was built by Vosper , Portchester , and launched on 28 August 1952 . She was the second ship to be launched in her class . Following her sale to a private individual , she was seized and confiscated by the Italian Customs service in the mid - 1960s . Her eventual fate is unknown .
Lima - class submarine Project 1840 is the name of a Soviet diesel - electric submarine design of which only one vessel was built . The design is known in the west by its NATO reporting name Lima . The submarine , which was assigned hull number БС - 555 ( БС , " большая специальная " or " bolshaya spetsialnaya " , meaning " large special " ) , was completed in 1979 , and used by the Black Sea Fleet . It was decommissioned and laid up in 1994 . The exact purpose of this boat has remained unclear to western observers . It is suspected that it had an auxiliary role and was used for trying out new technologies , research , or special mission support . The vessel was assumed to be unarmed .
874th Tactical Missile Squadron The 874th Tactical Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with 498th Tactical Missile Group stationed at Kadena Air Base , Okinawa . History . B - 29 Superfortress operations against Japan . Activated in November 1943 as one of the initial B - 29 Superfortress Very Heavy bombardment squadrons . Trained in Kansas with early model B - 29s , with frequent delays in training due to modifications of the aircraft correcting production deficiencies . When training was completed moved to Isely Field , Saipan , in the Mariana Islands of the Central Pacific Area in January 1945 and assigned to XXI Bomber Command , Twentieth Air Force . It ' s mission was the strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands and the destruction of its war - making capability . Flew " shakedown " missions against Japanese targets on Moen Island , Truk , and other points in the Carolines and Marianas . The squadron conducted combat missions over Japan participating in wide area firebombing attacks , but the first ten day blitz resulting in the Army Air Forces running out of incendiary bombs . Until then the squadron flew conventional strategic bombing missions using high explosive bombs . The squadron continued attacking urban areas with incendiary raids until the end of the war in August 1945 , attacking major Japanese cities , causing massive destruction of urbanized areas . Also conducted raids against strategic objectives , bombing aircraft factories , chemical plants , oil refineries , and other targets in Japan . The squadron flew its last combat missions on 14 August when hostilities ended . Afterwards , its B 29s carried relief supplies to Allied prisoner of war camps in Japan and Manchuria Squadron was largely de - mobilized on Saipan during the fall of 1945 . Was reorganized as part of continental Air Forces , Fourth Air Force at March Field , California in November 1945 , being manned and equipped with low - hour B - 29s returned from the Central Pacific . It later was transferred to the new Strategic Air Command on 21 March 1946 , being one of SAC ' s initial bombardment squadrons . Demobilization , however , was in full swing and the unit turned in its aircraft and was inactivated on 31 March 1946 . United States Air Force . Reactivated in 1961 as a MGM - 13 Mace Surface to Surface Missile squadron in Okinawa . Inactivated with the phaseout of the weapon in 1969 .
Jonah Sanford Jonah Sanford ( November 30 , 1790 - December 25 , 1867 ) was a U . S . Representative from New York , great - grandfather of Rollin Brewster Sanford . Born in Cornwall , Vermont , Sanford attended the district schools . He moved to Hopkinton , New York , in 1811 . Enlisted as a volunteer and participated in the battle at Plattsburg , September 11 , 1814 . He was appointed Justice of the Peace in 1818 and served for twenty - two years . He studied law . He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Franklin County . Supervisor of Hopkinton 1823 - 1826 . Commissioned a captain of Volunteer Cavalry in 1827 . He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1828 , colonel in 1831 , and brigadier general of State militia in 1832 and 1833 . He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1829 and 1830 . Sanford was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty - first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Silas Wright , Jr . , and served from November 3 , 1830 , to March 3 , 1831 . He served as judge of the court of common pleas 1831 - 1837 . He served as delegate to the convention to revise the State constitution in 1846 . He became a Republican upon the formation of that party in 1856 . Raised a regiment during the Civil War and was elected its colonel . He died in Hopkinton , St . Lawrence County , New York , on December 25 , 1867 . He was interred in Hopkinton Cemetery . His son Jonah Sanford ( born 1821 ) was a member of the State Assembly in 1874 .
2001 uprising in Herat The 2001 uprising in Herat was a coordinated insurrection and uprising in the Afghan city of Herat as part of the United States war in Afghanistan . The city was captured on November 12 by Northern Alliance forces as well as Special Forces of the United States , the United Kingdom and the Islamic Republic of Iran . The combatants . The U . S . Special Operations teams consisted of U . S . Army Rangers and Delta force under the command of CENTCOM General Tommy Franks . Iranian forces consisted of agents of the Qods Force under the command of Major General Yahya Rahim Safavi , commander of the Pasdaran . The Northern Alliance faction consisted of over 5 , 000 militiamen under the command of Ismail Khan , a commander in the previous Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and former governor of Herat before the Taliban came into power in 1995 . UK Special Forces for reasons of national security remain anonymous and do not out their formal command structure . The plan . The plan , organized by General Franks and General Safavi , was for Iranian Special Forces to discreetly enter the city and form an insurrection against the Taliban . This sudden event was to coincide with the entrance of Ismail Khan ’ s band of Northern Alliance militia members into the city . Meanwhile , a team of U . S . Special Forces and CIA agents would oversee the operation in Tehran alongside Iranian military intelligence . The operation . Combat operations began on October 7 , 2001 . Towards the end of the month , U . S . air strikes hit targets in and around Herat , including tanks , communications facilities , and tunnel complexes . This also includes the Herat airport , where Russian - made fighters were destroyed . On 11 November 2001 , U . S . Special Forces Operational Detachment Alpha 554 ( " Texas 08 " ) was inserted by helicopter near Herat . As planned , Iranian commandos secretly entered Herat to begin the insurrection on November 12 , which successfully gave way to , what Ismail Khan claimed to be , the local uprising against the Taliban leaders . The Northern Alliance , Shi ’ ite Hazara factions , and a small group of U . S . Special Forces then entered the city . Herati residents also took part in the uprising with sticks , knives , and guns hidden throughout the populace . The city fell as the Taliban fled towards the mountains along the Iranian border , leaving behind several abandoned tanks . Prisoners , including Chechen and Arab volunteers , were taken to undisclosed locations . Aftermath . The uprising was met with celebratory gunfire from residents . Iranian media even went as far as to report widespread celebration including ‘ dancing on the rooftops ’ and honking car horns . Ismail Khan consolidated his power as Amir of western Afghanistan , reportedly accepting truck loads of money from Iran over the following month to secure loyalty of his forces . Khan granted amnesty for former Taliban fighters , but warned of repercussions if said fighters were to take up arms once again . Khan remained governor of Herat until 2004 , when he was dismissed by Afghan President Hamid Karzai . Khan ' s dismissal was met with violent protests .
Hans Mikosch Hans Mikosch ( 7 January 1898 – 18 January 1993 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
William George Walker Major General William George Walker VC , CB ( 28 May 1863 – 16 February 1936 ) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Walker was 39 years old , and a captain in the 4th Gurkha Rifles , Indian Army , attached to the Bikanir Camel Corps during the Third Somaliland Expedition when , on 22 April 1903 after the action at Daratoleh , British Somaliland , the rearguard got considerably behind the rest of the column . Captain Walker and George Murray Rolland , with four other men were with a fellow officer when he fell badly wounded , and while one went for assistance , Captain Walker and the rest stayed with him , endeavouring to keep off the enemy . This they succeeded in doing , and when the officer in command of the column , John Edmund Gough , arrived , they managed to get the wounded man on to a camel . He was , however , hit a second time and died immediately . He later served in the First World War as Commander of 9th Sirhind Brigade from August 1914 and achieved the rank of major general in 1915 as General Officer Commanding 2nd Division . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum , Chelsea , London .
USS Ozaukee ( ID - 3439 ) USS " Ozaukee " ( ID - 3439 ) was a United States Navy cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919 . Construction , acquisition , and commissioning . SS " Ozaukee " was built in 1918 as a commercial cargo ship by the Long Beach Shipbuilding Company at Long Beach , California , for the United States Shipping Board . Upon her completion in September 1918 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from the Shipping Board on a bareboat charter basis . Assigned the naval registry identification number 3439 , she was commissioned on 30 September 1918 as USS " Ozaukee " ( ID - 3439 ) at San Pedro , California , with Lieutenant Commander T . F . Shipsey , USNRF , in command . Operational history . Fitted out for service with the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " Ozaukee " departed the United States West Coast on 9 October 1918 bound for Chile . At Arica , Chile , she took on nitrates and steamed via the Panama Canal to Jacksonville , Florida , where she arrived on 7 December 1918 . " Ozaukee " then carried a U . S . Shipping Board cargo from Charleston , South Carolina , to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . At the end of January 1919 , " Ozaukee " departed Philadelphia to cross the Atlantic Ocean to deliver oil and tobacco to London in the United Kingdom . When she was about 700 nautical miles ( 1 , 296 kilometers ) east of Philadelphia her steering gear carried away in heavy weather . Her crew rigged temporary steering gear and she completed the trip , arriving at London in mid - February 1919 . In March 1919 she made the return voyage from London , arriving at Philadelphia on 15 March 1919 . Decommissioning and disposal . " Ozaukee " was decommissioned at Philadelphia on 3 April 1919 . The Navy returned her to the U . S . Shipping Board the same day . Once again SS " Ozaukee " , she remained in the custody of the Shipping Board until she was scrapped in 1929 .
State of Maryland Meritorious Civilian Service Medal The ' State of Maryland Meritorious Civilian Service Medal ' is an honor bestowed on civilians - including civilian employees , family members and others - to recognize outstanding service to the Maryland Military Department , the Maryland National Guard or the State of Maryland . The honorary award was redesigned in 2008 .