naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Sinop The Battle of Sinop , or the Battle of Sinope , took place on 30 November 1853 at Sinop , a sea port in northern Anatolia , when Imperial Russia n warships struck and annihilated a patrol force of Ottoman ships anchored in the harbor . The battle was part of the Crimean War , and a contributory factor in bringing France and Britain into the conflict . Background . Fighting at sea between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire had been going on for weeks , and the Ottomans had sent several squadrons into the Black Sea to patrol . One of these squadrons , under Osman Pasha , ended up at Sinope , joining the frigate " Kaid Zafer " which had been part of an earlier patrol , and being joined by the steam frigate " Taif " from a smaller squadron . The Ottomans had wanted to send ships of the line to Sinope , but the British ambassador in Constantinople , Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe , had objected to this plan , and only frigates were sent . Battle . The Russians were led by Admiral Pavel Nakhimov , who decided with his officers that they would attack the Ottoman fleet which took shelter from a storm at Sinop . Strengthened by the squadron of Rear - Admiral Fyodor Novosilsky , Nakhimov consolidated over 700 cannons in six ships of the line , two frigates and three armed steamers . The Ottoman forces included seven frigates , three corvette s and two armed steamers . The Russians planned to deploy their ships in two columns where they would advance to within close range of the enemy vessels before dropping anchor and opening fire . Under Admiral Nakhimov ' s command , the eighty - four gun ship " Imperatritsa Maria " was the first to engage when she fired on the 44 - gun Ottoman flagship " Auni Allah " . After about thirty minutes of deadly combat the Ottoman frigate was full of shot - holes and ran aground when her cable was cut . " Imperatritsa Maria " then attacked the forty - four gun frigate " Fazli Allah " which caught fire and grounded . Meanwhile , the other Russian ships engaged the " Nizamie " and " Damiad " , which were grounded . The Ottoman frigate " Navek Bakhri " exploded and sank along with the corvette " Guli Sephid " . Only one Ottoman vessel , the twelve gun steamer " Taif " , managed to escape the battle while all the others were either sunk or purposely run ashore to prevent sinking . She fled to Constantinople and arrived on 2 December where she informed the Ottoman government of the defeat at Sinop . Once the enemy fleet was destroyed the Russians engaged Ottoman shore batteries and destroyed them . During the fighting a reported 37 Russians were killed and 233 were wounded , although one source says that a total of 266 Russian officers and crewmen perished ; at least three of the ships of the line were damaged . Ottoman forces lost over 3 , 000 men killed or wounded and their leader Osman Pasha was captured . This attack provided France and the United Kingdom with the justification for declaring war on Russia in early 1854 in support of the Ottoman Empire .
Special Task Force ( India ) In India , every state has a power to constitute a Special Task Force ( STF ) to deal with certain problems in a specific manner . Uttar Pradesh . STF was first constituted by Uttar pradesh police to control the exponentially increasing crime rates . The extortion and other illegal activities were at its all time high . The STF proved to be very successful in capturing criminals and controlling crimes in UP . Since then it has been an integral part of UP police . Others . Another Special Task Force was constituted by Karnataka and Tamil Nadu to nab forest bandit s and sandalwood smuggler s . This was very successful however other states didn ' t follow . State of Bihar also has a Special Task Force .
Battle of Mehran In response to the loss of the al - Faw Peninsula during the Iran – Iraq War , Saddam Hussein pushed into Iran to seize an Iranian city to trade for the strategically important territory . He was able to seize the city of Mehran in May 1986 . He then offered to trade it for al - Faw , but instead of negotiating , the Iranians were able to reoccupy the city in June 1986 , humiliating Saddam . Background . In February 1986 Iran launched a successful surprise amphibious assault , ( what became known as the first Battle of Al - Faw ) , across the Shatt al - Arab ( " Arvand rod " in Persian ) waterway and seized the strategic al - Faw Peninsula . The Iraqi units in charge of the defenses were mostly made up of poorly trained Iraqi Popular Army conscripts that collapsed when they were suddenly attacked by the Iranian Pasdaran ( Revolutionary Guard ) forces . The battle . Immediately after the Iranian capture of Al - Faw , Saddam declared a new offensive against Iran , Al - Defa al Mutahharakkha ( Arabic : The Dynamic Defense ) , designed to drive deep into Iran . The Iranian border city of Mehran , Ilam Province on the foot of the Zagros Mountains was selected as the first target . This city was situated on an important road leading into Iran . On May 15 – 19 the Iraqi Army ' s II Corps supported by helicopter gunships captured the city . Saddam then offered the Iranians to exchange Mehran for Al - Faw . The Iranians rejected the Iraqi offer . Iraq then continued the attack attempting to push deeper into Iran . However , Iraq ' s attack was quickly smashed by Iranian AH - 1 Cobra helicopters with TOW missiles destroying an unspecified amount of Iraqi tanks and vehicles . Iranian troops using mountain warfare built up their forces on the heights surrounding the city . On June 30 , they launched their attack , recapturing the city by July 3 . Saddam ordered the Republican Guard to retake the city on July 4 , but their attack was thoroughly defeated . The Iraqi losses were so heavy the Iranians managed to capture some territory inside of Iraq as well . Iraq ' s defeats at al - Faw and at Mehran was a severe blow to the prestige of the Iraqi regime . The western powers including the U . S . also became more determined to prevent an Iraqi loss . Aftermath . After the battle , Saddam and the Baath Party held an " Extraordinary Congress " and decided on a full mobilization of the Iraqi Popular Army . Enlisting men as old as 42 , the regime initiated a total call - up of available manpower in 1986 . At the time the government feared that calls for the mobilization would lead to draft riots , but the response was good : young men - even college students - reported without incident . The fact that the public answered the call , indicated that Iraqis either feared invasion during the war .
PP - 90M1 The PP - 90M1 ( Cyrillic : П П - 90М1 ) is a 9x19mm Parabellum Russian submachine gun developed by KBP Instrument Design Bureau in the 1990s . It features a 64 - round helical magazine , and other than sharing a manufacturer is unrelated to the similarly named PP - 90M . The weapon may also be used with a 32 - round box magazine if desired .
Battle of Waynesboro , Georgia The Battle of Waynesboro was an American Civil War battle fought on December 4 , 1864 , towards the end of Sherman ' s March to the Sea . Union cavalry forces under Brig . Gen . Judson Kilpatrick defeated Confederate cavalry led by Maj . Gen . Joseph Wheeler , opening the way for William T . Sherman ' s armies to approach their objective , Savannah . As Sherman ' s infantry marched southeast through Georgia , his cavalry under Judson Kilpatrick rode northeastward . In the late afternoon of November 26 , 1864 , elements of the Kilpatrick ' s 3rd Cavalry Division had reached the wooden railroad bridge north of Waynesboro , Georgia , and partially burned it before being driven off by troops dispatched from the Cavalry Corps of the Army of Tennessee by Joseph Wheeler . After the numerically inferior Confederates withdrew , Kilpatrick entered Waynesboro the next day and destroyed a train of cars and much private property before being driven from the town by Wheeler . At dawn on November 28 , Wheeler suddenly attacked Kilpatrick ' s camp south of Waynesboro and drove him southwest beyond Buckhead Creek toward Louisville . Annoyed by Wheeler ' s constant harassment , Kilpatrick set out on the morning of December 4 with his full division to attack Waynesboro and finally destroy Wheeler ' s small command . Early in the morning , Kilpatrick , now supported by two infantry brigade s dispatched from Baird ' s division of the XIV Corps , advanced from Thomas ' s Station six miles northward to burn the bridges over Brier Creek north and east of Waynesboro . Finding Wheeler ' s Confederates deployed astride the road , Kilpatrick attacked , driving the Confederate skirmishers in front of them . The Union force then came up against a strong defensive line of barricades , which they eventually overran . As the Union advance continued , they encountered even more barricades that required additional time to overcome . After hard fighting , Wheeler ' s outnumbered force retired into Waynesboro and another line of barricades hastily erected in the town ' s streets . There , Wheeler ordered a charge by Texas and Tennessee troops in order to gain time to withdraw across Brier Creek and block the road to Augusta , which , at the time , appeared to be the objective of General Sherman ' s army . After furious fighting , the Union troops broke through and Wheeler ’ s force hastily withdrew . Finally reaching his objective of Brier Creek , Kilpatrick burned the rail and wagon bridges and withdrew . The supporting infantry brigades marched toward Jacksonboro and rejoined the rest of Baird ' s division , encamped at Alexander . They were followed that evening by Kilpatrick ' s command , which camped at Old Church on the old Quaker Road . Additional fighting over the next few days enabled Sherman to close in on Savannah .
Greek frigate Elli ( F450 ) Greek frigate " Elli " ( F450 ) ( ) is the lead ship of the Greek of frigate s and the third Hellenic Navy ship by that name . The class is based on the Royal Netherlands Navy ' s and was built in a Dutch shipyard ; however , unlike later members of its class in the Hellenic Navy , it was not originally in Dutch service , but was sold directly to Greece . The " Elli " was built at the " Koninklijke Maatschappij de Schelde " in Vlissingen , Holland , along with the frigate " Limnos " as part of a commission for the two ships from the Greek government . Her maiden voyage was on October 10 , 1981 under her first captain , Grigoris Demestihas . She arrived in Greece on November 15 of that year . The " Elli " took part in the Persian Gulf War from 1990 – 91 , enforcing the UN resolution on Iraq in the neighborhood of the Red Sea .
Percival Marling Colonel Sir Percival Scrope Marling , 3rd Baronet VC , CB , DL ( 6 March 1861 – 29 May 1936 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born on 6 March 1861 , he was 23 years old , and a lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion , The King ' s Royal Rifle Corps , British Army , attached Mounted Infantry during the Mahdist War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 13 March 1884 at the Battle of Tamai in the Sudan during the Mahdist War , Lieutenant Marling risked his life to save that of a private of The Royal Sussex Regiment who had been shot . His citation reads : Marling later served in the Second Anglo - Boer War ( 1899 - 1901 ) in South Africa , where in March 1901 he took over the command of the 18th Hussars . On 20 October 1903 , he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Gloucestershire , and in 1923 was appointed High Sheriff of Gloucestershire . He later achieved the rank of colonel and died on 29 May 1936 . The Medal . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Pengshan Air Base Pengshan Air Base is a People ' s Liberation Army Air Force ( PLAAF ) located , located approximately 1 km east of Gongyizhen , along the Chengl Expwy in Sichuan province , Southwestern China . The current status of the airfield is unknown . Beginning in 1949 , it was part of the PLAAF Second Aviation School . The Third Training Regiment had 16 B - Ss and 32 BT - Ss at Pengshan airfield as late of 1986 . History . Built during World War II , the base was used by the United States Army Air Corps XX Bomber Command 468th Bombardment Group as an airfield to stage B - 29 Superfortress bombing missions from India to attack Japan . It was known by the Americans as Pengshan Airfield ( A - 7 ) . It was one of four B - 29 bases established by the Americans in China . Staging through Pengshan from its base at Kharagpur Airfield , India , on June 15 the group participated in the first American Army Air Corps attack on the Japanese Home Islands since the Doolittle raid in 1942 . Operating from bases in India , and at times staging through fields in China , the group struck such targets as transportation centers , naval installations , iron works , and aircraft plants in Burma , Thailand , China , Japan , Indonesia , and Formosa , receiving a Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing iron and steel works at Yawata , Japan , on August 20 , 1944 . When the B - 29 bombers were moved from India in February 1945 to the newly captured bases in the Mariana Islands , the B - 29 use of Pengshan Airfield ended . The Americans used the airfield as a communications station and turned over the airfield to the Chinese government on 30 June 1945 .
Transvaal Civil War The Transvaal civil war was a series of skirmishes in the Transvaal Colony ( now part of South Africa ) in the early 1860s . It began after the British government had recognized trekkers living in the Transvaal Colony independent in 1854 . The Boers divided into numerous political factions . It only ended in 1864 when an armistice treaty was signed under a Karee tree south of the site of the later town of Brits .
René Carmille René Carmille ( ? – January 25 , 1945 ) was a punched card computer expert and comptroller general of the French Army in the early 20th century . In World War II he was a double agent for the French Resistance and part of the Marco Polo Network . He ran the Demographics Department of Vichy and later the National Statistics Service . In this capacity , he sabotaged the Nazi census of France , saving untold numbers of Jewish people from death camps . He also used his department to help mobilize French resistance in Algeria . Carmille was arrested in Lyon on February 3 , 1944 , he was interrogated for two days by Klaus Barbie but did not break under torture . He was caught by the Nazis and sent to Dachau where he died on January 25 , 1945 . A documentary short was released about him in 2010 called Interregnum which stars Nicole Stamp .
Stephen Halden Beattie Captain Stephen Halden Beattie VC ( 29 March 1908 – 20 April 1975 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Beattie was 33 years old , and a lieutenant - commander in the Royal Navy during the Second World War when the following deed at the St . Nazaire Raid took place whilst in command of HMS " Campbeltown " for which he was awarded the VC : He later achieved the rank of captain . He was born in Montgomeryshire and died at Mullion , Cornwall . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Imperial War Museum , London , England .
ARM Sonora ARM " Sonora " ( PO - 152 ) is a Durango class oceanic patrol vessel in the Mexican Navy with a main 4 inch turret and a helicopter landing pad , currently primarily used to fight drug cartels . It is also armed with SA - 18 Grouse missiles . Like other ships of this class , it was designed and built in Mexican dockyards , and is sometimes referred to as a compact frigate . It was named after the Mexican state of Sonora
De Havilland Oxford The Airco DH . 11 was a British twin - engined biplane bomber which was designed to replace the earlier Airco DH . 10 bomber . It was designed to use the unsuccessful ABC Dragonfly engine and was abandoned after the first prototype was built . Development . The DH . 11 Oxford was designed by Geoffrey de Havilland for the Aircraft Manufacturing Company as a twin - engined day bomber to replace the Airco DH . 10 . It was designed ( as required by the Specification ) to use the ABC Dragonfly radial engine which promised to give excellent performance and had been ordered in large numbers to be the powerplant for most of the new types on order for the Royal Air Force . The DH . 11 was a twin - engined biplane , with all wooden construction and three - bay wings . It had an aerodynamically clean , deep fuselage occupying the whole wing gap , giving good fields of fire for the gunners in the nose and mid - upper positions . The first prototype flew in January 1919 , powered by two 320 hp Dragonfly engines . The prototype encountered handling problems , and was handicapped by the Dragonfly engines , which were extremely unreliable , being prone to overheating and excessive vibration , while not delivering the expected power . Two further prototypes were cancelled in 1919 , with no aircraft in the end being purchased to replace the DH . 10 .
No . 22 Squadron ( Finland ) No . 22 Squadron ( or ) was a fighter squadron of the Finnish Air Force during World War II . The squadron was part of Flying Regiment 2 . It was to be equipped with new Brewster Buffalo es and Hawker Hurricane Is , but only the first Flight saw action during the war . After the Winter War , the squadron was attached to the new Flying Regiment 3 and renamed as No . 32 Squadron . Organization . Winter War . The equipment consisted of 5 Brewster Buffalo es , and 10 Hawker Hurricane Is .
Sherman E . Burroughs ( United States Navy ) United States Navy Rear admiral Sherman E . Burroughs ( February 22 , 1903 — September 23 , 1992 ) was the first commander assigned to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake ( originally known as the Naval Ordnance Test Station ) . He served as commander from December 20 , 1943 , to August 18 , 1945 . Burroughs was the recipient of two Silver Star s and one Distinguished Flying Cross . Sherman E . Burroughs High School was named to honor Admiral Burroughs .
Denel 35mm Dual Purpose Gun The Denel 35mm Dual Purpose Gun ( 35DPG ) is a close - in weapon system ( CIWS ) for warships built in South Africa by Denel Land Systems . It is currently in service on the Valour class frigate s of the South African Navy . Role . Its primary role is to defend against attack by helicopters , fixed - wing aircraft and missiles . It has a secondary role against surface vessels and shore targets , both in symmetrical and asymmetrical warfare and also in law enforcement where accuracy is critical because collateral damage is unacceptable . Design . The system consists of two GA35 rapid - fire automatic cannon s mounted side by side in an unmanned low radar observable turret . Target acquisition is by the ship ' s search and track radar , while an optronic tracking system with infrared and visible spectrum modes provides fire - control . A control console is located in the ship ' s operations room , although the system operates automatically in the air - defence mode . An emergency control panel is fitted on the rear of the turret . The turret does not penetrate the deck on which it is mounted . On the Valour class frigates it is mounted on top of the helicopter hangar . The turret is fully self - contained and requires only an electrical supply and a radar data feed from the ship ' s combat management system and the control console . The turret is capable of unlimited full circle traverse at up to 70° per second and elevates from 10° below to 85° above horizontal at up to 40° per second . The turret ' s on - board computers do the ballistic calculations and fire - control . The system requires only real - time three - dimensional target information from the ship ' s combat management and tracking systems . The high level of self - containment and compact size and low weight allows installation on a wide variety of ships down to as small as 200 tonnes . Ammunition . The cannons fire the full range of NATO standard 35×228 mm ammunition ; HEI , HEI - T , SAPHEI , APCI - T , Prac and Prac - T ; all manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munition ' s PMP division . Anti - missile . In the anti - missile role it uses Advanced Hit Efficiency And Destruction ( AHEAD ) ammunition from RWM Schweiz AG . This round ejects 152 tungsten projectiles at a predetermined distance , between 40 and 10 m , from the target . A 25 - round burst of AHEAD rounds produces 3 , 800 of these small projectiles to destroy the incoming missile . Cruise missiles can be destroyed at 2 . 5 km and high speed missiles at 1 . 5 km range . The system ' s anti - missile capability is further enhanced by adding Denel ' s Closed Loop Fire Correction System , which tracks projectiles all the way to the target . This allows for real - time correction of bias errors in the control system and compensation for atmospheric conditions .
Agency for Defense Development Agency for Defense Development was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self - reliable defense . ADD is the only South Korean national agency for research and development in defense technology . Its purpose is contributing to enforcing the national defense , to improving the national R & D capacity , and to fostering the domestic defense industry .
Fang Fenghui Fang Fenghui ( ; born April 1951 ) is a general in the People ' s Liberation Army ( PLA ) of the People ' s Republic of China . Fang was born in Xianyang , Shaanxi Province . He joined the PLA in February 1968 . He was appointed as the Chief of the Headquarters of the General Staff of the 2 . 3 million strong People ' s Liberation Army , ( PLA ) on October 25 , 2012 . He previously served as Commander of the Beijing Military Region ( 2007 – 12 ) . and chief of staff of the PLA ' s Guangzhou Military Region ( 2003 – 07 ) . General Fang achieved the rank of major general in 1998 , lieutenant general in July 2005 and general in July 2010 . He is currently a member of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China .
Avro 530 The Avro 530 was a British two - seat fighter biplane designed in 1916 to compete with the Bristol F . 2A . The plane itself was designed in 1916 , but not flown until July 1917 . It was of wooden construction with fabric skinning , powered by a 200 hp ( 150 kW ) Hispano - Suiza engine . Operational history . Although performance of the Avro 530 proved to be good , it did not improve sufficiently on the Bristol F . 2A and as such no production orders were issued . Another issue was that priority for the Hispano - Suiza engines which powered the 530 was being given to the S . E . 5a . In 1918 , a second 530 was fitted with a 200 hp ( 150 kW ) Sunbeam Arab engine , but development was subsequently abandoned .
Pavel Stepanovich Kutakhov Pavel Stepanovich Kutakhov ( ) was Commander - in - Chief of the Soviet Air Forces between 1969 and 1984 , Chief Marshal of Aviation since 1972 , twice Hero of Soviet Union ( 1943 , 1984 ) , Honored Pilot of USSR ( 1966 ) .
Schynbalds Schynbalds were an early experiment in plate armour for the lower leg . Schynbalds were metal plates strapped over chausses . Each schynbald was a single piece of steel that covered the front and outside of the shin . Schynbalds did not enclose the lower leg : hence , they were not true greave s . Schynbalds first appeared during the late thirteenth century and remained in use during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries . Complete suits of armor survive only from the latter part of the schynbald era . In fifteenth century gothic armour they were strapped not to mail but to fastenings on a padded undergarment . By the early fifteenth century greaves had supplanted schynbalds in white armour . Schynbalds were essentially obsolete by the sixteenth century .