naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ronald Charles Lieutenant - General Sir James Ronald Edmonstone Charles KCB CMG DSO ( 1875 – 1955 ) was a British officer in the Royal Engineers . Military career . Charles was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1894 . He served in the Second Boer War and was part of the Bazar Valley and Mohmand Field Forces in 1908 . He spent most of the First World War in the General Staff until being promoted to command a re - constituted 25th Division in August 1918 . He was appointed Commander of the Waziristan Force in India in 1923 and then became Commandant of the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich in 1924 . He was Director of Military Operations and Intelligence at the War Office from 1926 and Master - General of the Ordnance from 1931 . He retired in 1934 . His nickname among the troops was ' Don Carlos ' , deriving from his commanding personality and his height of 6 ’ 4 ” . He was also Commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1931 to 1945 and Chief Royal Engineer from 1940 to 1946 . References .
Burst of Joy Burst of Joy is a Pulitzer Prize - winning photograph by Associated Press photographer Slava " Sal " Veder , taken on March 17 , 1973 at Travis Air Force Base in California . The photograph came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War , and the prevailing sentiment that military personnel and their families could begin a process of healing after enduring the horrors of war . Taking the picture . POWs leaving the prison camps in North Vietnam left on the American Lockheed C - 141 Starlifter strategic airlift aircraft nicknamed the Hanoi Taxi . On March 17 the plane landed at Travis Air Force Base in California . Even though there were only 20 POWs aboard the plane almost 400 family members turned up for the homecoming . Veder was part of big press showing and remembers that , " You could feel the energy and the raw emotion in the air , " he said . Veder then rushed to the makeshift photo developing station in the ladies room of the Air Base washrooms , while the photographers from United Press International were in the men ' s . The photograph depicts United States Air Force Lt . Col . Robert L . Stirm being reunited with his family , after spending more than five years in captivity as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam . Stirm was shot down over Hanoi on October 27 , 1967 , while leading a flight of F - 105s on a bombing mission , and not released until March 14 , 1973 . The centerpiece of the photograph is Stirm ' s 15 - year - old daughter Lorrie , who is excitedly greeting her father with outstretched arms , as the rest of the family approaches directly behind her . Despite outward appearances , the reunion was an unhappy one for Stirm . Three days before he arrived in the United States , the same day he was released from captivity , Stirm received a Dear John letter from his wife Loretta informing him that their relationship was over . In 1974 the Stirms divorced and Loretta remarried . All of the family members depicted in the picture received copies of it after " Burst of Joy " was announced as the winner of the Pulitzer Prize . They all display it prominently in their homes , except the Stirm patriarch , who says he cannot bear to look at it . About the picture and its legacy , Lorrie Stirm Kitching once noted , " We have this very nice picture of a very happy moment , but every time I look at it , I remember the families that weren ' t reunited , and the ones that aren ' t being reunited today — many , many families — and I think , I ' m one of the lucky ones . " Donald Goldstein , a retired Air Force colonel and a co - author of a prominent Vietnam War photojournalism book , " The Vietnam War : The Stories and The Photographs " , says of " Burst of Joy " , " After years of fighting a war we couldn ' t win , a war that tore us apart , it was finally over , and the country could start healing . " External references . Pilots from Takhli and Korat Airbases shot down between 1965 - 1972
Minamoto no Mitsunaka , son of Minamoto no Tsunemoto , was a samurai and Court official of Japan ' s Heian period . Mitsunaka belonged to the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto clan , which traced its ancestry to Emperor Seiwa . He loyally ( if not selflessly ) served several successive Fujiwara regents ( " sessho and kampaku " ) beginning with Fujiwara no Morotada . Mitsunaka allied himself with Morotada in 969 , by implicating Minamoto no Takaakira — Morotada ' s major political rival — in a plot against the throne . It is not clear whether these accusations were true , but Takaakira was sent into exile , placing Mitsunaka firmly in Morotada ' s good graces . Later , Mitsunaka would assist Fujiwara no Kaneie in his plot to coerce Emperor Kazan into taking Buddhist vows and abdicating in favor of Fujiwara ' s seven - year - old grandson . Mitsunaka ' s association with Fujiwara clan made him one of the richest and most powerful courtiers of his day . He served as the acting governor ( kokushi ) of ten provinces , most notably Settsu , which became the mainstay of his military and economic power . In addition , Mitsunaka inherited his father ' s title of " Chinjufu - shogun " , Commander - in - chief of the Defense of the North . The patron / client relationship between the Fujiwara and the Seiwa Genji continued for nearly two hundred years after Mitsunaka ' s death ; indeed , the Seiwa Genji came to be known as the " teeth and claws " of the Fujiwara . Mitsunaka married the daughter of Minamoto no Suguru , from the Saga Genji branch of the Minamoto . He was the father of three sons : Minamoto no Yorimitsu ( who became the hero of a large body of folklore ) , Minamoto no Yorinobu , and Minamoto no Yorichika . In his later years , Mitsunaka retired to his manor in Tada , a town in Settsu province ; for this reason , he is also known as Tada Manjū . ( Manjū is the Sino - Japanese reading of the characters for " Mitsunaka " ) . His descendants are sometimes referred to as the ' Settsu Genji ' or the ' Tada Genji . ' Mitsunaka appears in the anime " Otogizōshi " , along with fictionalized versions of a number of other historical figures .
Fort Frederick Heritage Preserve Fort Frederick Heritage Preserve is a property located in Port Royal , South Carolina . Situated along the Beaufort River , the preserve contains the remains of Fort Frederick . Also known as " Fort Prince Frederick " , the tabby fort was built by the British between 1730 and 1734 to defend against a possible attack from the Spanish at St . Augustine , Florida . It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 . The fort , also known as Fort Prince Frederick , is believed to be the oldest tabby structure in the state . Provincial scout boats were stationed here periodically . A relatively small fort , it measures 125 feet by 75 feet with an obvious bastion on the southwest side . The eastern wall was lined with a battery and cannon . The interior of the fort held a barracks and a magazine and was garrisoned by an independent company of British regulars until their transfer to Georgia in 1736 . The preserve is located on the grounds of the Beaufort Naval Hospital . Public access is not permitted except for pre - arranged tours through the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources at 803 - 734 - 3893 .
List of active German Navy ships List of active German Navy ships is a list of ships in active service with the German Navy . There are approximately 83 ships in commission including ; 13 frigates , 5 corvettes , 8 fast attack craft , 5 minesweepers , 11 minehunter s , 4 submarines , 22 auxiliary vessels and 15 miscellaneous vessels .
John Morin Scott John Morin Scott ( 1730 New York City - September 14 , 1784 New York City ) was a lawyer , military officer , and statesman before , during and after the American Revolution . Ancestry . The Scott family descends from Sir John Scott , Baronet ( 1648 – 1712 ) , of Ancrum , Roxburghshire in Scotland , whose second son , Captain John Scott ( 1678 – 1740 ) , emigrated to New York City , where he received the rights of citizenship in 1702 . He had nine children , the eldest of which was John Scott ( 1702 – 1733 ) , a Manhattan merchant , who married Marian Morin ( 1703 – 1755 ) , daughter of Huguenot settler Pierre Morin . Their only child was John Morin Scott . Life . Scott was born in Manhattan and attended public school there . His father died when he was three years old , and his mother never remarried . He graduated Yale College in 1746 , at the age of 16 . After further study he was admitted to the New York bar association in 1752 , and practiced law in Manhattan , where he also served as an alderman from 1756 to 1761 . In 1752 , along with William Livingston and William Smith , he founded a weekly journal , the Independent Reflector . During the Revolutionary War , John Scott was a member of the New York Provincial Congress while also serving as a brigadier general under George Washington in the New York and New Jersey campaign . He commanded the 1st New York ( Independent ) Battalion , the 2nd New York ( County ) Battalion , and several New York Militia Regiments . He fought with Putnam ' s division at the Battle of Brooklyn on August 27 , 1776 , and was the last of Washington ' s generals to argue against surrendering Manhattan to the British — possibly due to his large landholdings there , including what is now Times Square and New York City ' s Theater District . Twenty days later , on September 16 , 1776 , Scott led the same battalions and regiments at the Battle of Harlem Heights , an American victory . On October 28 , 1776 , his forces participated in the inconclusive Battle of White Plains . After the war , Scott regained his Manhattan estate and was a candidate for the first governorship of New York State , losing to George Clinton . He became , instead , New York ' s first Secretary of State , a state senator , and served as an active delegate to the Continental Congress . His body is interred at the north entrance of Trinity Church , New York . His inscribed slab is visible from the corner of Wall Street and Broadway . An equestrian statue is erected in his honor in Upper Manhattan . Lewis Allaire Scott , John ' s son , was one of the two Deputy Secretaries of State during his father ' s tenure , and in 1784 was appointed to succeed him , dying in office in 1798 . Offices , titles , and affiliations . Additionally , Scott was elected Associate Justice of the State Supreme Court of New York in 1777 , but declined .
Tour de Crest The Tour de Crest ( Crest Tower ) is the imposing vestige of a castle - the Château de Crest - in the " commune " of Crest in the Drôme " département " of France , one of the highest keep s in Europe , if not the highest ( 52 metres / 171 feet ) . History . In 1120 , a letter from Pope Calixte II was sent from the Château de Crest ( « " Castrum Cristam " » ) . It was at about this time that , around the foot of the tower , a medieval town was developing bearing the name of the master of the area , Lord Arnaud de Crest . In 1394 , the Château de Crest had a grand square tower built of dressed stone . Cardinal Richelieu , on the orders of Louis XIII , destroyed the castle leaving only the massive tower which today dominates the town of Crest . The upper floors of the keep , originally defensive in purpose , were transformed into a prison and remained thus until 1873 . The walls are covered with inscriptions by exiles from the Second Empire . The Tour de Crest was classified as a " monument historique " on 6 June 1877 . It has belonged , since 1988 , to the town , which has allowed tourists to visit it .
Fred Potts Frederick William Owen Potts VC ( 18 December 1892 – 3 November 1943 ) , more commonly known as Fred Potts , was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Potts was born on 18 December 1892 , and first came to public notice in 1913 , when he saved a five year old boy named Charles Rex from drowning in the River Thames . By 1915 , he was 22 years old , and a private in the 1 / 1st The Berkshire Yeomanry of the British Army . During the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 21 August 1915 in the attack on Hill 70 , Private Potts ( although wounded in the thigh ) remained for over 48 hours under the Turkish trenches with another private from his regiment who was severely wounded , and unable to move . He finally fixed a shovel to the equipment of his wounded comrade and using this as a sledge , dragged the man back over 600 yards to safety , being under fire all the way . Potts was born and raised on Edgehill Street in the Katesgrove area of Reading . After the war , during which he eventually achieved the rank of lance - corporal , he kept a tailor ' s shop on the parallel Alpine Street . Potts died on 3 November 1943 at the age of 50 . His grave is at Reading Crematorium , whilst his medals are held by the Imperial War Museum . The man he saved at Gallipoli was a fellow member of the Berkshire Yeomanry called Arthur Andrews who also came from Reading . Arthur survived until 1980 , when he died at the age of 89 . Charles Rex also survived until he was 87 . In 2009 , as the result of the production of a BBC radio documentary on Potts , a reunion occurred between the relatives of the two soldiers at the Imperial War Museum . During Prime Minister ' s Questions on 20 January 2010 , Martin Salter , Member of Parliament for Reading West , indicated that there were plans to provide a permanent memorial to Trooper Potts .
281st Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 281st Infantry Division , ( " 281 . Infanterie - Division " ) was formed in January 1945 in Courland by conversion of the 281st Security Division ( " 281 . Sicherungs - Division " ) . Operational history . The 281st Infantry Division spent its brief wartime career on the Eastern Front serving under III SS Corps in February and March 1945 and XXXII Corps in April .
Battle of Garigliano ( 1503 ) The Battle of Garigliano was fought on December 29 , 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a French army commanded by Ludovico II , Marquis of Saluzzo . Preliminary phase . In the mid - November 1503 , the French and Spanish armies were separated by the Garigliano river , some 60 km north to Naples . Both armies camped in a marshy and unhealthy area . The Spanish had tried several times to cross the river using a makeshift bridge , but always in vain . The French , based at the rivers ' mouth near the ruins of Minturnae ( Traetto ) , enjoyed the advantage of an accessible supply - base in the nearby port of Gaeta . While the Spanish commander hesitated as to whether to attack or to retreat , he received reinforcements from Naples led by Bartolomeo d ' Alviano and Orsini . He then decided to move some units in order to convince Ludovico that he was retreating towards the Volturno river . But Cordoba had devised a stratagem to cross the river using bridges made out of boats and barrels , which he had built in the castle of Mondragone , 12 kilometers south to the Spanish camp . The battle . During the night between 27 and 28 December , the Spanish brought the bridging materials to a place near the castle of Suio , in a position invisible to the French , some six kilometers north to the latter ' s camp . D ' Alviano , commander of the Spanish vanguard , had the construction begin at dawn . By 10 AM some 4 , 000 Spaniards had crossed the Garigliano . The 300 Norman crossbowmen in Suio did not notice the move , so Gonzalo de Cordoba was also able to cross the river with 2 , 000 more , including 200 horsemen led by Prospero Colonna . He then ordered an attack on the French bridge . When d ' Alviano troops reached Suio , the crossbowmen fled towards Castelforte , where they met 300 French troops . These also fled to Traetto , allowing d ' Alviano to occupy Castelforte . Gonzalo de Cordoba spent the night in that town . The French had numerous ill soldiers in their Traetto camp , so they were unable to send reinforcements . French captain Alegri then decided to destroy the bridge and to order a general retreat to Gaeta , abandoning all the sick soldiers and nine cannons in the camp . Informed about the French retreat , Gonzalo decided to continue the advance . Colonna and his horsemen made contact with the French at Scauri , but a courageous defence of a bridge by Pierre Terrail , Knight of Bayard , allowed the French a safe retreat . After a series of minor clashes , the French took position near a bridge in Mola where they were able to push back Colonna ' s attempt to surround them . However , the arrival of the rest of the Spanish forced the Marquis of Saluzzo to order another retreat . The Spanish victory was decisive , as the offensive capacity of the French was destroyed . After some days of siege in Gaeta , the French surrendered . Spain had therefore gained a total supremacy over the Kingdom of Naples that would last several centuries . References . < br >
Ytororó order of battle The following units and commanders of the Brazilian and Paraguayan armies fought in the Battle of Ytororó on December 6 , 1866 . Brazilian Imperial Army . Marshal of the Army Luís Alves de Lima e Silva , Duke of Caxias I Corps . General Jacinto Machado Bittencourt II Corps . General Alexandre Gomes de Argolo Ferrao Filho III Corps . General Manoel Louis Osorio
207th ( 2nd East Midland ) Brigade The 207th ( 2nd East Midland ) Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as a second line brigade , part of the 69th ( 2nd East Anglian ) Division , from those men in the Territorial Force who had not agreed to serve overseas . The second line infantry battalions had a minimum strength of 600 men .
W70 W70 is the designation for a tactical nuclear warhead developed by the United States in the early 1970s . The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory designed W70 was used on the MGM - 52 Lance . About 1250 were built in total . The warhead had a variable yield of between 1 and 100 kilotons , selectable by the user . The design dates from 1973 . The W70 - 3 was a modified version of the W70 and one of the first warheads to be battlefield - ready with an " enhanced radiation " ( i . e . neutron bomb ) feature . It had an explosive yield of about 1 kt . , was manufactured during 1981 - 83 , and was retired by 1992 ; 380 were built . Note that using the explosive yield of a neutron weapon to measure its destructive power can be deceptive : most of the injuries inflicted by a neutron weapon are caused by its intense pulse of ionising radiation , not from heat and blast . The inventor of the neutron bomb , Samuel Cohen , has criticized the description of the W70 as a " neutron bomb " :
California Civil War Confederate Units Although California stayed in the Union , it was divided in its politics like many of the Border States . The southern part of the state had the majority of the southern sympathizers . In 1861 , Los Angeles and El Monte formed two secessionist miltia units . Following the Federals success at securing California most of the Southerners who still wished to fight left for the east overland via Mexico , New Mexico Territory or by sea to reach the Confederacy . However late in the war two units of partisan rangers appeared within the state but had little success one was dispersed and the other became an outlaw gang .
Fredericksburg Confederate order of battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg of the American Civil War . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign . The Union order of battle is listed separately . Army of Northern Virginia . Gen Robert E . Lee , Commanding First Corps . LTG James Longstreet Second Corps . LTG Thomas J . Jackson Reserve Artillery . BG William N . Pendleton
Jørgen Rantzau Jørgen Rantzau , ( 1652 – 1713 ) was a Danish military officer , who fought several campaigns under John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . He already fought under Marlborough in 1691 during the War of the Grand Alliance . In 1701 , he became brigade - commander and in 1705 general - major . At the Battle of Blenheim he commanded the 4th Jydske Horse Regiment . At the Battle of Oudenaarde in 1708 , he commanded the cavalry in the vanguard under Cadogan and played an important role in the early stages of the battle . The collaboration between the older and more experienced Rantzau under the younger , less experienced Cadogan is an example of the congruence in Marlborough ' s multinational army . In 1709 , Denmark reentered the Great Northern War against Sweden and Rantzau returned to Denmark to participate as lieutenant - general in the invasion of Scania under Christian Detlev Reventlow . This led to the Battle of Helsingborg ( 1710 ) . Just prior to the battle , Reventlow was taken ill and had to yield command to Jørgen Rantzau . The battle was a great defeat and Rantzau was blamed . He died a few years later in Lübeck .
The Neutral Ally Norway is at times referred to as " The Neutral Ally " . During World War I , while theoretically a neutral country , British pressure and anti - German sentiment in the population enabled the government to highly favour Britain in matters concerning the large Norwegian shipping fleet and vast fish supplies . The term was coined by Norwegian historian Olav Riste in the 1960s . In 1905 , when Norway gained independence , the nation ' s politicians agreed that in matters of international conflict , Norway should remain neutral . Since the Great Power s had no desire for unrest in Scandinavia , they signed an agreement respecting Norway ' s neutrality . Still , the political direction was clear : fearing Russia n ambition in the north , the sentiment was that Norway should be neutral if war broke out , and rely on help from Great Britain if attacked . This affinity westwards was substantiated by international trade . In the early 1900s , Norway ' s merchant fleet was one of the largest in the world , and the country required vast supplies of oil , coal and steel to build and operate it . When war broke out in 1914 , Norway was exporting great amounts of fish to Germans and British alike , much to the dismay of the British Government . The Allies started preventing the Germans from purchasing these fish stocks by overbidding them , but trade in other areas continued . Imports of Norwegian copper ore , nickel and pyrite were vital to the German war industry , and by the end of 1916 , Norway ' s Government was put under heavy pressure . Several agreements were made , none completely satisfying to the British . On Christmas Eve 1916 , the British issued an ultimatum , informing the Norwegian Foreign Minister , Nils Claus Ihlen , that British exports of coal to Norway would cease unless trade with Germany stopped . The Norwegian Government felt they had no option but to comply with the demand . This coincided with Germany ' s expansion of unrestricted submarine warfare in the beginning of 1917 . In total , 618 Norwegian ships were sunk in the period 1916 – 1917 , out of 889 in the course of the whole war . More than 1150 sailors died during this period , creating an increasingly anti - German sentiment throughout the shipping nation of Norway . Thus , both commerce and political sympathies tied the two countries together during World War I – even though Norway would officially remain neutral throughout the war .