naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
7th Ohio Battery 7th Ohio Independent Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati , Ohio and mustered in for a three year enlistment on January 1 , 1862 under Captain Silas A . Burnap . The battery was attached to 6th Division , Army of the Tennessee , to June 1862 . Artillery , 4th Division , Army of the Tennessee and District of Memphis , Tennessee , to September 1862 . Artillery , 4th Division , District of Jackson , Tennessee , to November 1862 . Artillery , 4th Division , Right Wing , XIII Corps , Department of the Tennessee , to December 1862 . Artillery , 4th Division , XVII Corps , to January 1863 . Artillery , 4th Division , XVI Corps , to July 1863 . Artillery , 4th Division , XIII Corps , to August 1863 . Artillery , 4th Division , XVII Corps , to April 1864 . Artillery , 1st Division , XVII Corps , to September 1864 . Artillery , Post of Vicksburg , Mississippi , District of Vicksburg , Mississippi , to November 1864 . Artillery Reserve , District of Vicksburg , Mississippi , to August , 1865 . The 7th Ohio Battery mustered out of service at Camp Dennison on August 11 , 1865 . Detailed service . Moved to St . Louis , Mo . , March 18 ; then to Pittsburg Landing , Tenn . , April 6 . Advance on and siege of Corinth , Miss . , April 29 - May 30 , 1862 . March to Memphis , Tenn . , via Grand Junction , Lagrange , and Holly Springs June 1 - July 21 . At Memphis until September 6 . March to Bolivar , Tenn . , September 6 – 16 . Battle of Hatchie River , Metamora , October 5 . Grant ' s Central Mississippi Campaign November – December . Moved to Memphis , Tenn . , and duty there until May 1863 . Ordered to Vicksburg , Miss . , May 13 . Siege of Vicksburg , Miss . , May 18 - July 4 . Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22 . Advance on Jackson , Miss . , July 5 – 10 . Siege of Jackson July 10 – 17 . Assault on Jackson July 12 . Ordered to Natchez , Miss . , August 12 , and duty there until November 11 . Expedition to Harrisonburg , La . , September 1 – 8 . Moved to Vicksburg November 11 and camp at Big Black until February 1864 . Meridian Campaign February 3 - March 2 . Champion Hill February 4 . Duty at Vicksburg until May . Expedition to Yazoo City May 4 – 22 . Benton May 7 and 9 . Duty at Vicksburg until January 3 , 1865 . At Jackson and Hazelhurst as infantry until July . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 33 men during service ; 1 enlisted men killed , 1 officer and 31 enlisted men died of disease .
Battle of Warburg The Battle of Warburg was a battle fought on 31 July 1760 during the Seven Years ' War . The Battle was a victory for the Hanoverians and the British against the French . British general John Manners , Marquess of Granby achieved some fame for charging at the head of the British cavalry and losing his hat and wig during the charge . The French lost 1500 men , killed and wounded , around 2 , 000 prisoners and ten pieces of artillery .
Wellington Front Wellington Front is a fortification in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar . It was built in 1840 on a site established by the Spanish in 1618 . History . Wellington Front was built on the site of the pre - existing Spanish fortification known as the ( " St . Francis ' Platform " ) which was constructed in 1618 . However , the fortifications of Gibraltar had been thoroughly overhauled following the one day visit by King Philip IV of Spain in early 1624 who ordered works to improve the fortifications that took nearly three years to complete . This involved rebuilding the platform to reflect improvements in broadside ship gunnery . Luis Bravo de Acuña later described Gibraltar as the most protected area along Spain ' s coast . In 1840 , Major - General John Thomas Jones arrived to inspect the defences of Gibraltar . Jones advised on improvements for Gibraltar ' s fortifications including Parson ' s Lodge Battery and Wellington ' s Front which was the original name after the Duke of Wellington . It is located along the Line Wall Curtain and consists of two demi - bastions and an " Advanced Front " applied to the curtain wall all the way from South Bastion to the King ' s Bastion . The inside held troops in relative safety and the top was decked with heavy guns . The demi - bastions were constructed on the sites of old Spanish platforms ; the north one used to be the and south one the . Wellington Front was one of the last of Gibraltar ' s fortifications to be built by convict labour . 900 convicts were involved in its construction while they were housed in a prison ship called the HMS " Owen Glendower " which was docked at Gibraltar Harbour . It was later estimated that local labour was cheaper , more productive and they could legally work for longer hours than British convicts .
John F . Anderson John F . Anderson was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Commissioned first lieutenant on September 2 , 1861 , Anderson initially served as the adjutant of the 24th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry . He was appointed to Maj . Gen . John G . Foster ' s staff as a major and an aide - de - camp on June 9 , 1863 and served with that officer for most of the remainder of the war , resigning on March 27 , 1865 . On December 11 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Major Anderson to the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general , to rank from March 13 , 1865 and the United States Senate confirmed the award on February 6 , 1867 .
Battle of Daugavpils Battle of Daugavpils ( also known as the Battle of Dyneburg ) was the final battle of the joint Polish and Latvian Operation Winter against the Red Army . It took place in late December 1919 in the area around the city of Daugavpils . The fighting in the area started on September 28 , and ended in January 1920 . From the Polish perspective it was a part of the Polish - Bolshevik War , while in Latvia it is referred to as a part of Latvian War of Independence . The Polish commander of the 1st Legions Infantry Division general ( later Marshal of Poland ) Edward Rydz - Śmigły in late autumn of 1919 , proposed that a joint Polish - Latvian operation against the Bolshevik forces be commenced . The front lines in the area were relatively peaceful and the city of Daugavpils could be captured relatively easily , especially since the Red Army was concentrating its forces further southwards . However , lack of support from Polish headquarters , as well as a personal conflict with general Stanisław Szeptycki resulted in Rydz - Śmigły ' s plan being refused . However , the situation changed in December 1919 , after an military alliance had been signed between the governments of Poland and Latvia . General Rydz - Śmigły was given the command over a small Operational Group composed of his 1st Legions Division , as well as the 3rd Legions Infantry Division and several minor Latvian auxiliary forces . In addition , the force included Renault FT tanks of the 2nd company , 1st Tank Regiment , commanded by the French Cpt . Jean Dufour . The battle for the city and its surroundings took place under harsh weather conditions , the area was covered with more than of snow and the temperature dropped below . The Polish - Latvian forces reached the area of the Daugavpils fortress almost unopposed ; Poles attacking from the south and Latvians from the north . Polish forces moved into the city and took the fortress without much opposition from the Russians . Soon afterwards the Poles relinquished control of the city to the Latvians . Thanks to that , the inter - war relations between Poland and Latvia were good , although Latvia refused to join Poland in its continued struggle against Soviet Russia . The problems that precluded the Polish and Latvian governments from expanding their relationship were the opposition from Lithuania ( which was hostile towards Poland after the Polish - Lithuanian War ) and a dispute about six Latvian rural municipalities and the city of Grīva with a big percentage of Polish inhabitants ( south to the Daugava River ) . Several forms of alliance were proposed by Poland , such as Latvia joining the Międzymorze federation of Poland . It chose to join the Baltic Entente instead .
David F . Bice Major General David F . Bice recently retired as the Inspector General of the United States Marine Corps , stationed in Washington , D . C . . Bice retired from active duty in 2007 after over 36 years of service . Biography . David Bice was born in Zanesville , Ohio and enlisted in the Marine Corps in June 1968 . He attended recruit training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot , San Diego . He was commissioned through the Enlisted Commissioning Program in April 1969 . He received his Bachelor ' s Degree from Pepperdine University , and he holds a Master ' s Degree in Business from Central Michigan University . His formal military education includes the Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning , Georgia , and the National War College , where he studied as a Senior Research Fellow . General Bice has commanded Marines at every level from platoon to division . He served as a rifle platoon commander with 3rd Battalion , 1st Marines , 1st Marine Division in the Republic of Vietnam . He led companies in : 1st Battalion , 4th Marines , 3rd Marine Division ; 3rd Battalion , 7th Marines , 1st Marine Division and 1st Tank Battalion , 1st Marine Division . During 1986 - 1988 , he commanded 3rd Battalion , 8th Marines , 2nd Marine Division . He commanded the 9th Marine Regiment from 1992 to 1994 . He commanded the 3rd Marine Division in Okinawa , Japan from 1994 - 1995 . While commanding 3rd Battalion 8th Marines , in 1987 , then , Lt . Colonel Bice , during Cold Weather training exercise , Had one of his best laughs , when He discovered that Lance Corporal F . D . Williams , had Jacked his Skis ! Lt . Colonel Bice , called a Battalion meeting , no one confessed to the theft , Williams came forward with the skis , The whole Battalion got a good Laugh that day ! ! From 1999 - 2001 he served as Deputy Commander , Marine Forces Europe . His assignments outside the Fleet Marine Forces have included Series Commander , Marine Corps Recruit Depot , Parris Island , S . C . ; Enlisted Promotions Plans Officer , Manpower Dept . , HQMC ; Chief , European Division , J - 5 , The Joint Staff ; Commanding General , Marine Corps Base Hawaii ; Director , Marine Corps Staff , HQMC ; Deputy Commander , NATO Joint Headquarters South Center , Larissa , Greece ( the base closed in 2004 ) ; and Commanding General , Marine Corps Base , Camp Pendleton , CA . General Bice also served as an exchange officer with the Royal Marines ( RM ) and is a graduate of the Royal Marines Commando Course . He left the Marine Corps in 2002 after serving as the Commanding General of Camp Pendleton ( ironically this is the camp where he started his military career ) to work as an international Defense Consultant . He returned to active duty in August 2004 in support of the Global War on Terrorism , serving as the Inspector General of the Marine Corps . He returned to retired status in 2007 after over 36 years of active service . Awards and decorations . His personal decorations include :
Soviet Volunteer Group The Soviet Volunteer Group was the ostensibly volunteer Soviet Air Forces to support the Republic of China during the Second Sino - Japanese War between 1937 and 1941 . After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident , the Sino - Soviet Non - Aggression Pact was signed and large Soviet support was given to China by the Soviet Union , including the volunteer squadrons . China paid for the support in the form of raw materials . Creation and withdrawal . In October 1937 , some 450 Soviet pilots and technicians assembled at Alma Ata in the USSR to bring 155 fighter aircraft , 62 bombers , and 8 trainers into China . By 1941 , the Soviet - built aircraft sent to China would amount to 885 , including two - engine and four - engine bombers , though the latter were never used in combat . Of the aircraft supplied , half were turned over to the Chinese Air Force and half were flown and maintained by personnel from the USSR . The Soviet air units were stationed at bases near the cities of Nanjing , Hankou , and Chongqing , and at Lanzhou in China ' s northwest at the terminus of the Russian supply route . The Russian commander is identified in most histories as a General Asanov . By the time of their withdrawal , the group ' s casualties amounted to 227 pilots killed in action . The Soviet squadrons were withdrawn after the Non - aggression pact between the Soviet Union and Japan in 1941 . As a result , the Chinese turned to the United States , which authorized the creation of the American Volunteer Group Flying Tigers . Monuments . There are several monuments to the Soviet aviators in China , including one in Jiefang Gongyuan ( Liberation Park ) in Wuhan , which was built in 1956 .
RMS Arundel Castle The RMS " Arundel Castle " was a British ocean liner which entered service in 1921 for the Union - Castle Line . Her sister ship was the SS " Windsor Castle " ; they were the only four - funneled liners not built for transatlantic service . She received a refit in 1937 , with her four funnels being reconfigured into two , her hull lengthened , and her bow remolded from a blunt chisel - style into a more modern , angular design . She served in the Second World War as a transport in the Mediterranean . The " Arundel Castle " was withdrawn from service in 1958 and taken to Chiap Hua - the ship breakers in Hong Kong . When it sailed into Hong Kong harbour for scrapping in the 1950 ' s , Chiap Hua organised a lavish cocktail party on board the vessel with many of Hong Kong ' s dignitaries including government officials and Bank executives invited . The ship ’ s furnishings and accessories including the chronometers , captain ’ s arm chair , steering wheel , crockery and sterling silver cutlery , were offered as gifts , free for the taking .
Zasechnaya cherta Zasechnaya cherta ( , loosely translated as Great Abatis Line or Great Abatis Border ) was a chain of fortification lines , created by Grand Duchy of Moscow and later the Tsardom of Russia to protect it from the raids of the Crimean Tatars who , rapidly moving along the Muravsky Trail , ravaged the southern provinces of the country during a series of the Russo - Crimean Wars . It also served as a border between the Muscovite State and the steppe nomads . As a fortification line stretching for hundreds kilometers , the Great Abatis Border is analogous to the Great Wall of China and the Roman Limes . Abatis is a military term for a field fortification made by cutting down trees . The line was built from the felled trees that were arranged as a barricade . It was also fortified by ditches and earth mounds , palisades , watch towers and natural features like lakes and swamps . The width of the abatis mounts up to several hundred meters . In the most dangerous places the abatis was doubled , trebled etc . , the gates and small wooden fortress es were created to check the passers . Peasants who lived nearby were forbidden to settle or cut wood in the area , but were obliged by authorities to spend part of their time supporting and renewing the fortifications . In the autumn , large areas of steppegrass beyond the line were burnt to deny raiders fodder . Stone and wooden kremlin s of the towns were also included in the Great Abatis Line . Among these towns were : Serpukhov , Kolomna , Zaraysk , Tula , Ryazan , Belyov . Other fortresses in the line were smaller ostrog s . There were a large number of fortification lines in Russian history and it is difficult to get good information on them . The lines naturally moved south as the Russian state expanded . The earliest reference to abatis fortifications appears to be in a Novgorod chronicle of 1137 - 1139 . Abatis lines began appearing in southern Rus ' in the 13th century . The ' Great Abatis Line ' extended from Bryansk to Meschera and was nominally completed in 1566 . It was guarded by a local militia of about 35 , 000 in the second half of the 16th century . Another source gives an annual callup of 65 , 000 . Behind the line was a mobile army headquartered in Tula ( 6 , 279 men in 1616 , 17 , 005 in 1636 ) . There are several notable lines . The oldest one ( finished by 1563 - 1566 ) ran from Nizhniy Novgorod along the Oka River to Kozelsk , and was built by Ivan the Terrible . The next one , built a while later , followed the line Alatyr - Orel - Novgorod Seversky - Putivl . Feodor I of Russia had built the abatis on the line Livny - Kursk - Voronezh - Belgorod . Simbirsk line was constructed about 1640 , and continued the Belgorod line from Tambov to Simbirsk on the Volga River . In 1730 - 31 the Kama line separated Kazan from the Bashkirs . From about 1736 a Samara - Orenburg line closed in the Baskirs from the south .
David Finlay David Finlay VC ( 20 January 1893 – 21 January 1916 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Son of George Finlay and Susan Small . He was 22 years old , and a lance - corporal in the 2nd Battalion , The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 9 May 1915 near Rue du Bois , France , Lance - Corporal Finlay led a bombing party of 12 men in the attack until 10 of them had fallen . He then ordered the two survivors to crawl back and he himself went to the assistance of a wounded man and carried him over a distance of 100 yards of fire - swept ground into cover , quite regardless of his own safety . He was killed in action in Mesopotamia on 21 January 1916 and is remembered on the Basra Memorial . Further information . He later achieved the rank of sergeant . Finlay is commemorated on the war memorial in Moonzie Kirkyard Fife . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Black Watch Museum , Balhousie Castle , Perth , Scotland .
Châu Đốc massacre The Chau Doc massacre was the July 11 , 1957 killing of 17 people in the small town of Châu Đốc in An Giang Province , near the border with Cambodia , in what was then known as South Vietnam . The killings were part of a low - level campaign targeting South Vietnamese officials . Background . Thousands of Viet Minh cadres had stayed behind after the country was split into North and South Vietnam . The North Vietnamese government maintained that a referendum on unification in line with the Geneva Accords would go ahead . As such they forbade the southern Viet Minh cadres from anything but low - level insurgency actions , like the assassination of South Vietnamese Diệm officials instead of large scale military engagements . They were joined by other anti - government elements who escaped Diệm ' s crackdown on opposition groups like the Hòa Hảo and Cao Đài sects . Bar killings . As part of the violence against the Ngo Dinh Diem government , on July 11 , 1957 anti - Diem insurgents stormed a bar in Châu Đốc and killed 17 people who were drinking inside . The victims were tied up and then machine gunned . American papers reported that the killings were a result of propaganda spread by communist forces and that the killing of 20 people would allow the person to fly and that anyone who killed 100 would " become an angel " . The killings were blamed on communist insurgents and fighters of the banned Hòa Hảo sect . While urban Vietnamese did not take these claims seriously , the more rural a person was the more superstitious they were and the more likely they would believe that the murders would grant special powers .
Perthes Airfield Perthes Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield , which is located near the commune of Perthes in the Champagne - Ardenne department of northern France . Located probably north of the commune , it was a United States Army Air Force temporary airfield established during the Northern France Campaign in September 1944 . Its primary use was for P - 47 Thunderbolt fighters of the Ninth Air Force 371st Fighter Group . History . Known as Advanced Landing Ground " A - 65 " , the airfield consisted of a single 5000 ' grass runway aligned 10 / 28 . In addition , with tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities ; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Combat units stationed at the airfield were the 371st Fighter Group , between 18 September - 1 October 1944 which flew support missions during the Allied invasion of Normandy , patrolling roads in front of the beachhead ; stafing German military vehicles and dropping bombs on gun emplacements , anti - aircraft artillery and concentrations of German troops when spotted . After the Americans moved east with the advancing Allied Armies , the airfield was closed on 5 October 1944 , and the land was returned to its owners . Today there is little or no physical evidence of its existence or its location .
20th Mounted Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 20th Mounted Brigade previously known as the 2 / 1st Lowland Mounted Brigade was a second line yeomanry brigade of the British Army during the First World War . Raised after the declaration of war , it was a mirror formation of the first line Lowland Mounted Brigade . It had under command the 2 / 1st Ayrshire ( Earl of Carrick ' s Own ) Yeomanry , the 2 / 1st Lanarkshire Yeomanry , and the 2 / 1st Lothian and Border Horse . All of which were converted in cyclist units in 1916 , the brigade , never having seen any active service , ceased to exist .
Titus Aebutius Elva Titus Aebutius T . f . Elva or Helva was the first member of the patrician " gens Aebutia " to obtain the Roman consulship , which he held in 499 BC . The following year , he was " magister equitum " under Aulus Postumius Albus at the Battle of Lake Regillus . He was the father of Lucius Aebutius Elva , consul in 463 BC . Consulship . Aebutius was elected consul for the year 499 BC , with Gaius Veturius Geminus . Livius relates that during their consulship , the town of Fidenae was besieged , Crustumeria was taken , and Praeneste joined the Roman cause . However , there is no report of which actions were undertaken by each consul . Battle of Lake Regillus . For some time , the expectation of war between Rome and the Latins had been growing . The year after Aebutius ' consulship , Aulus Postumius Albus was chosen as dictator , and as his " magister equitum " he nominated Aebutius . They marched into Latium , where they met a Latin army under the command of Octavius Mamilius , the dictator of Tusculum . In the course of the battle , Aebutius and Mamilius , both on horseback , charged at one another and inflicted serious injuries . The Tuscan prince was wounded in the breast , and taken to the rear , while Aebutius ' arm was so severely injured by Mamilius ' lance that he had to withdraw from the fighting , and direct his forces at a distance . The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Romans . See also . Aebutia ( gens )
SS Patroclus ( 1923 ) The third SS " Patroclus " was a 11 , 314 - ton cargo liner of the Blue Funnel Line launched in 1923 . Commissioned into the Royal Navy as the Armed Merchant Cruiser HMS " Patroclus " on 12 September 1939 , she was torpedoed and sunk by the on November 4 , 1940 . The " Patroclus " was the second of a 4 - ship class , comprising , SS " Patroclus " , , and . They were built with accommodation for 155 first - class passengers by request of the British government to provide additional passenger berths on cargo vessels on services to the Far East . The passenger accommodation in the superstructure did not impact the cargo - carrying ability of the ships , since the shipping line did not expect the passenger - carrying to turn a profit .