naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Robert Marsland Groves Air Commodore Robert Marsland Groves ( 3 January 1880 - 27 May 1920 ) was a Royal Navy officer involved with naval aviation during World War I . He was awarded his Aviator ' s Certificate no . 969 on 15 November 1914 . After transferring to the Royal Air Force in 1918 , he served as Deputy Chief of the Air Staff and held high command in the Middle East . He was killed in a flying accident in 1920 aged 40 whilst serving in Egypt . Early life . Robert Marsland Groves was born on 3 January 1880 at Stretford in Lancashire , England , the son of James Grimble Groves , the brewer and Conservative MP . Robert Groves was educated at Rossall School . Naval service . He joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in the 1890s , rising to sub - lieutenant by the summer of 1899 and then Lieutenant 15 February 1900 . In the early years of the 20th century Groves was an officer on HMS Vernon . Groves was promoted to commander on 22 June 1911 and the following year on 26 November 1912 , he was appointed Flag Commander to the Commander - in - Chief Mediterranean on HMS Inflexible . He served in World War I as Assistant Director of the Air Department at the Admiralty and then as Officer Commanding No . 1 Squadron RNAS before returning to the Admiralty to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Board . Royal Air Force . After the War he became Deputy Chief of the Air Staff and Director of Operations and Intelligence . He went on to be Acting Air Officer Commanding RAF Middle East Area in 1919 and Air Officer Commanding Egyptian Group in 1920 . Grove died aged 40 on 27 May 1920 in Egypt from injuries received in an aircraft crash , he was buried at the Cairo New British Protestant Cemetery . Awards and decorations . Citation for the award of the Distinguished Service Order 22 June 1916 : " Commander Robert Marsland Groves . R . N . ( Wing Commander , R . N . A . S . ) . In recognition of his services in command of a Wing of the Royal Naval Air Service at Dunkirk . Commander Groves has by his personal skill as a pilot , and also by his untiring zeal , effected a marked advancement in the general standard of flying on active service . He has on several occasions carried out successful reconnaissances to Ostend under fire , and by his own example has proved the utility and great importance of night flying . "
Turkish Cypriot Security Force The Turkish Cypriot Security Force is the military of Northern Cyprus . It is a combined arms force , with land , air and naval elements . It has 5 , 000 active personnel , and this force is supplemented by the 40 , 000 strong Turkish Military Forces in Northern Cyprus stationed on the island . Even before independence , the Turkish Cypriot community had maintained its own paramilitary force ( the Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı or TMT ) , trained and equipped by the Turkish Army . In 1967 this force was renamed the Mücahit ( fighter ) , and in 1975 the Mücahit was renamed the Turkish Cypriot Security Force . The Turkish Cypriot Security Force was commanded by a General officer of the Turkish Army , who had both operational and administrative responsibilities , as well as control over the police force . The commander was responsible to the prime minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( " TRNC " ) through the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Defense . A unified military - civilian defense staff of the ministry was responsible for defense policy and strategy . Although legally separate from the Turkish Army on the island , the Turkish Cypriot Security Force was believed to remain under the de facto operational control of the Turkish forces . It also depended on Turkey for training and equipment . Most of its officers were regular Turkish Army officers on secondment . Observers believed that many of its expenses were absorbed by the Turkish Army .
27th Armored Division The 27th Armored Division was a United States Army formation . It was part of the New York Army National Guard in the 1950s and 1960s . Activation . In February , 1955 a reorganization of the Army National Guard included reorganizing the 27th Infantry Division as the 27th Armored Division . This included exchanging the black and red " NYD " ( New York Division ) shoulder patch for the triangle - shaped patch of the Army ' s Armor divisions . The 27th Armored Division was called the " Empire Division , " after New York ' s nickname , the Empire State . The division headquarters was originally in Buffalo , and was later moved to Syracuse . Composition , 1955 . In 1955 , the composition of the 27th Armored Division was : Infantry : Armor : Artillery : Separate Units : Trains : Composition , 1960 . Infantry : Armored Rifle Battalions Armor : Medium Tank Battalions Artillery : Howitzer Battalions : Separate Units : Trains : Commanders . Three individuals served as commander of the 27th Armored Division : Deactivation . The 27th Armored Division was inactivated in February , 1968 during another reorganization of the Army National Guard . During its existence the 27th Armored Division was not activated for federal service and saw no combat . It was activated for state service , including the response to the 1964 Rochester riot . Subsequent history . The division was reorganized in 1968 as the 27th Armored Brigade , a unit of the 50th Armored Division . The 27th Armored Brigade was reorganized as an Infantry brigade in 1975 and aligned with the 42nd Infantry Division . In 1985 the 27th Infantry Brigade was activated as part of the New York Army National Guard , and assigned as the " roundout " brigade of the Army ' s 10th Mountain Division . The 27th Brigade was later reorganized as the 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team , and reestablished use of the 27th Infantry Division ' s NYD shoulder sleeve insignia . The 27th Infantry Brigade carries on the lineage and history of the 27th Infantry Division .
Nicholas I Sanudo Nicholas I Sanudo ( or " Niccolò " ; died 1341 ) was the fifth Duke of the Archipelago from 1323 to his death . He was the son and successor of William I of the House of Sanudo . Nicholas fought under his brother - in - law Walter , Duke of Athens , at the disastrous Battle of Halmyros on 15 March 1311 . He was one of the few knights on the losing side to escape with his life and liberty . He was succeeded by his brother John I . His other brother was Marco Sanudo , Lord of Milos . Family . Nicholas was married to Joanna of Brienne , the daughter of Hugues de Brienne , Count of Lecce ( c . 1240 – 1296 ) and Helena Komnena Dukaina , a daughter of John I Doukas of Thessaly ( of Angelos ) .
Bhutan War The Bhutan War ( or Duar War ) was a war fought between British India and Bhutan in 1864 – 1865 . Britain sent a peace mission to Bhutan in early 1864 , in the wake of the recent conclusion of a civil war there , under Ashley Eden . The dzongpon of Punakha – who had emerged victorious – had broken with the central government and set up a rival Druk Desi while the legitimate druk desi sought the protection of the ponlop of Paro and was later deposed . The British mission dealt alternately with the rival ponlop of Paro and the ponlop of Tongsa ( the latter acted on behalf of the druk desi ) , but Bhutan rejected the peace and friendship treaty it offered . Britain declared war in November 1864 . Bhutan had no regular army , and what forces existed were composed of dzong guards armed with matchlocks , bows and arrows , swords , knives , and catapults . Some of these dzong guards , carrying shields and wearing chainmail armor , engaged the well - equipped British forces . The fort , known at the time as Dewangiri , at Deothang was dismantled by the British during 1865 . The British initially suffered a humiliating defeat at Deothang and when they recaptured Dewangiri they destroyed much in an attempt to compensate . The Duar War ( 1864 – 1865 ) lasted only five months and , despite some battlefield victories by Bhutanese forces , resulted in Bhutan ' s defeat , loss of part of its sovereign territory , and forced cession of formerly occupied territories . Under the terms of the Treaty of Sinchula , signed November 11 , 1865 , Bhutan ceded territories in the Assam Duars and Bengal Duars , as well as the 83 km² of territory of Dewangiri in southeastern Bhutan , in return for an annual subsidy of 50 , 000 rupee s . The Treaty of Sinchula stood until 1910 , when Bhutan and British India signed the Treaty of Punakha , effective until 1947 . Treaty of Sinchula . Below appears the text of the Treaty of Sinchula .
Walter Linke Walter Linke ( 27 March 1920 – 29 June 1985 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
RPG - 18 The RPG - 18 Mukha ( Rus . , " " Муха " " , " Fly " ) is a Russia n short - range , disposable light anti - tank rocket launcher . History . The RPG - 18 is very similar to the US M72 - series LAW anti - tank rocket and was developed after the Soviet military obtained M72s from its allies in Vietnam . The RPG - 18 has been succeeded by the RPG - 22 , a very similar design with a larger warhead . Description . The RPG - 18 fires a 64 mm " PG - 18 " HEAT warhead mounted on a small rocket capable of engaging any target within 200 meters . The warhead self - destructs 6 seconds after launch , placing definite limits on range even if a sight was used that was effective with targets beyond 200 meters . The RPG - 18 itself can penetrate up to 375 mm of conventional armor . However , performance is significantly diminished when the RPG - 18 is employed against targets protected by HEAT - resistant ERA or composite armor . Unlike better known weapons , the RPG - 18 requires only one operator because it is not reloadable . Assistant grenadiers are used to help reload the RPG - 2 , RPG - 7 and RPG - 16 systems .
Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment The Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment ( SLSR ) is the first rifle regiment in the Sri Lanka Army and the second oldest infantry regiment in the army . It is made up of seven regular battalions , five volunteer battalions and a headquarters battalion at the Ambepussa Camp . History . Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment was the first rifle regiment of the Sri Lanka Army and was formed on 1 October 1956 at the Imperial camp at Diyatalawa . The first battalion primarily consisted of 60 officers and other ranks from the Ceylon Light Infantry with Lt Col R . D . Jayathilaka MBE as the first commanding officer . The D company of the volunteer Ceylon Light Infantry was transformed into the Rajarata Rifles under the leadership of Lt Col ( later Colonel ) S . D . Ratwatte , and went on to become the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the Sinha Regiment on 1 October 1956 . On 1 October 1969 the 3rd Volunteer Battalion of the Sinha Regiment was formed at Hill School in Nuwara Eliya . The regiment first saw action during the 1971 Insurrection and underwent an expansion with escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War . With the expansion of the regiment the Regimental Centre of Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment was established on 9 May 1988 at Diyatalawa at the same location where the 1st Battalion of the Sinha Regiment was raised . Brig D Wijesingha was the fist regimental commander . Later , on 21 October 1989 the Regimental Centre was relocated to Ambepussa Camp where the 1st Battalion of the Sinha Regiment was at that time . The regiment distinguished itself greatly during the Sri Lankan Civil War including having two Parama Weera Vibhushanaya and one Weerodara Vibhushanaya recipients . In 1990 the elements of the 6th Battalion successfully held the old Dutch fort of Jaffna for two months while surrounded and under siege until it was relieved by the subsequent Operation Thrividha Balaya . July 1991 the 6th Battalion garrisoned Elephant Pass base when it came under siege with the LTTE launching a massive attack on the base . The battalion held out what was termed the " battle of all battles " until it was relieved following Operation Balavegaya 18 days later . On 3 May 2005 a contingent of troops from the regiment took part in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti . The Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment is the only regiment in the history of the Sri Lanka Army to produce an army commander holding the rank of a full general ( four star ) as indicated in the notable members area .
Mixed Artillery Brigade The Mixed Artillery Brigade ( ) is the artillery brigade of the Serbian Land Forces . It consists of artillery and rocket artillery units . History and traditions . The brigade was formed on June 4 , 2007 in Niš from former 202nd Mixed Artillery Brigade ( formed in 1988 ) and the mixed artillery battalion from Ruma . Day of Mixed Artillery Brigade is celebrated on September 14 , on which in 1918 . with artillery bombardment started the breakthrough of Macedonian front led by Serbian and Allied forces . Tasks . The Mixed Artillery Brigade has task to provide artillery support to other Serbian Army unist on the whole theritory of Serbia .
Spanish seaplane carrier Dédalo Dédalo ( Spanish for " Daedalus " ) was a Spanish seaplane and balloon carrier , the first of two ships of the Spanish Navy to carry this name . She entered in service in 1922 and was written off in 1936 , after taking part in the Second Moroccan War , where her aircraft were instrumental to the successful landing of Franco - Spanish forces at Al Hoceima . History . " Dédalo " was originally the German merchant vessel " Neuenfels " , built in Britain in 1901 . In October 1918 , towards the end of World War I , she was seized along with five other German ships in Spanish ports at the time , as reparations for Spanish ship losses to Germany ' s unrestricted submarine warfare during the War . " Neuenfels " was given the temporary name " " España No . 6 " " , until she was transferred to the Spanish Navy in the autumn of 1921 . The Spanish Naval Aeronautics had been interested in acquiring a seaplane carrier for some time , and " " España No . 6 " " was accordingly renamed " Dédalo " , then spent five months in Barcelona from December 1921 to be converted into a seaplane tender at a cost of 8 million pesetas . Based in Cartagena , " Dédalo " participated in the Rif War until 1925 , with her seaplanes carrying out bombing raids in support of the amphibious landing at Al Hoceima . After the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931 it became part of the Spanish Republican Navy . In April 1934 aviation history was made when Juan de la Cierva , the inventor of the autogyro , performed a perfect landing onto " Dédalo " with a model C . 30 autogyro registered G - ACIO , near the port of Valencia ; half an hour later it took off from her deck , after a short run of just 24 metres . This was the first rotorcraft to take off and land on the deck of a ship . " Dédalo " was decommissioned in 1934 , and was struck in April 1936 , but the Spanish Civil War prevented her from leaving its homeport of Cartagena until 1 March 1940 , when she was towed to Valencia for scrapping . Aircraft facilities . " Dédalo " could carry 2 captive observation balloons of 1 , 200 m³ volume , 2 Italian - built dirigibles of 1 , 500 m³ volume , and up to 20 seaplanes of various types over the years , including Felixstowe F . 3 , Savoia S . 16 and S . 16 " bis " , Macchi M . 18 and Supermarine Scarab . " Dédalo " was equipped with two hangars . The one in front of the superstructure was reserved for the dirigibles , with a mooring mast at the bow . The other , behind the superstructure , was fitted with an elevator to service the seaplanes . Having neither a flush deck nor a catapult , her seaplanes had to be launched and retrieved by cranes .
Marat Kulakhmetov Marat Minyurovich Kulakhmetov ( ; born 1959 in Penza ) is a Major General of the Russian Army and commander of the Combined Peacekeeping Forces in South Ossetia , a breakaway region of Georgia . The Georgian side accuses him of supporting the South Ossetian separatists and has raised the question of substituting the Russian - led peacekeeping operation with an Organization for Security and Co - operation in Europe force . Kulakhmetov was born in Penza to Tatar parents . He graduated from Frunze Military Academy in Moscow in 1991 .
Rayna Kasabova Rayna Kasabova ( Cyrillic : " Райна Касабова " , 1 May 1897 , Karlovo - 25 May 1969 ) was a Bulgarian air force pilot and the first womаn in the world who participated in a military flight . At 15 , during the First Balkan War in 1912 , she joined the Bulgarian Air Force and flew above Edirne to throw out propaganda leaflets in Turkish . Kasabova Glacier on Davis Coast in Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula , Antarctica is named after Rayna Kasabova .
Marcello Amero D ' Aste Marquess Marcello Amero D ' Aste - Stella ( April 1 , 1853 – September 17 , 1931 ) was an Italian admiral of the Regia Marina ( Royal Italian Navy ) and later a politician . Amero d ' Aste was born in the borough of Leca of the Ligurian city of Albenga , in an ancient Italian family of noble heritage . He took part as vice - admiral in the Italo - Turkish War and was the commander of naval operations in the 1912 , when Italy began operations against the Turkish possessions in the Aegean Sea . Until August 25 , 1914 he was the Commander - in - Chief of the Italian Naval Army . During World War I Admiral Amero d ' Aste participated in the Italian naval operations in the Adriatic Sea . After the war he was promoted to Admiral and was appointed Senator by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1919 . He was for many years the president of the Senate Commission on War . He died in Rome .
USS Glasgow ( 1863 ) USS " Glasgow " ( 1863 ) was a blockade runner captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy principally as a dispatch boat and storeship in support of the blockade of the ports of the rebellious Confederate States of America . Blockade runner " Eugenie " . " Glasgow " was originally blockade runner " Eugenie " , captured off Mobile Bay 6 May 1863 by . She was purchased from the Key West , Florida , Prize Court and commissioned 9 July 1863 , Acting Ensign N . M . Dyer in command . the West Gulf Blockade . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron , " Eugenie " served as a dispatch boat and supply ship for the squadron between Mobile Bay and Pensacola , Florida . Mermentau Lake , Louisiana , . " Eugenie " sent an expedition to Mermentau Lake , Louisiana , 22 December 1863 , for the capture of two British blockade runners . schooner " Derby " was captured , but had to be burnt because of heavy enemy shore fire on the attacking party . Renamed . " Eugenie " was renamed " Glasgow " 21 January 1864 , and after a week repairing at New Orleans , Louisiana , in early February , was back on station with the blockading fleet off Mobile , Alabama . Admiral Farragut . Serving mainly as dispatch boat , " Glasgow " aided in the destruction of blockade runner " Ivanhoe " under the fire of Fort Morgan 30 June 1864 , and fired at an unknown blockade runner under the guns of the fort 1 July . She was present off Fort Gaines 8 August when the fort surrendered to Union forces after Admiral David Farragut ' s historic victory at Mobile Bay , and received the Admiral on board for a brief visit 26 November . Sinks near Mobile , Alabama . During 1865 , " Glasgow " continued her regular duties , and in addition served occasionally , because of her speed and light draft , as flagship of the West Gulf Squadron . She struck an obstruction and sank in shoal water off Mobile 8 May 1865 , and was not raised until 19 June . " Glasgow " was taken to Pensacola , Florida , for repairs and returned to duty 1 July 1866 . Post war . Chosen to be retained for the post - war cruising squadron in the Gulf , " Glasgow " served as storeship and visited New Orleans , Lakeport , and Mexican ports until she entered the Pensacola Navy Yard for repairs 23 January 1868 . Departing Pensacola 10 March , she spent another five months cruising with the squadron on the lower Mississippi River and off Pensacola , returning there 6 August 1868 . Decommissioning and sale . She decommissioned 17 October 1868 at Pensacola and was sold 4 June 1869 to Thomas McClellan . Note . This ship should not to be confused with schooner .
78a Squadriglia 78a Squadriglia was one of the original Italian fighter squadron s of World War I , serving in combat from 29 June 1916 to 3 November 1918 . They flew 4 , 770 combat missions and were credited with 88 aerial victories . History . 78a Squadriglia of the " Corpo Aeronautico Militare " was established on 29 June 1916 . Equipped with seven Nieuport 10 s and a Nieuport 11 , it went operational on 16 August 1916 . It deployed to Campoformido on 3 September 1916 . It flew its first combat sortie s six days later . The new squadron was an independent one until 10 April 1917 , when it was attached to " 10o Gruppo " . It left the " Gruppo " in October 1917 to be subordinated to Pier Ruggero Piccio ; this was at the time that Piccio was developing new aerial tactics for the Italians . The squadron would subsequently be posted to the " 15o Gruppo " on 24 January 1918 . Its last wartime posting would be with " 23o Gruppo " , on 18 July 1918 . When the war ended , " 78a Squadriglia " had flown 4 , 770 combat sortie s , fought 443 aerial combats , and been credited with 88 aerial victories . Six of its members had shot down five or more enemy aircraft with the squadron . Four of the squadron ' s pilots had paid the final price .
Frank Lazarus Francis M . Lazarus , Ph . D . is the provost and vice president for academic affairs at Assumption College in Worcester , Massachusetts . He began this position on June 15 , 2010 . He was most recently the president of the University of Dallas in Irving , Texas . Dr . Lazarus served as the president from 2004 until his retirement in 2009 , when he was honored by the Board of Trustees of the University of Dallas with the title President Emeritus . Dr . Lazarus led the University through several major events , including a proposal for the George W . Bush Presidential Library , a proposed School of Pharmacy , and the creation of the UD School of Ministry . The former Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost of the University of San Diego began his position at USD in July 1996 , after serving at Marquette University , in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , where he was Vice President for Academic Affairs from 1988 to 1996 . Lazarus , a native of Elma , New York , came to his position at Marquette University in 1988 after eight years at the University of Dayton in Ohio , where he served as the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences . Prior to joining Dayton , Lazarus was Associate Academic Dean at Salem College in Winston - Salem , North Carolina . During his seven years at Salem College , he was Chairman of Classics and Director of the Honors Program . Lazarus was named an Administrative Fellow of the American Council on Education in 1978 , serving for one year as a Special Assistant to the President of Memphis State University . Before joining the Salem College faculty , he was an Assistant Professor at the United States Military Academy at West Point from 1970 to 1973 . Lazarus has participated as a professional archaeologist in excavations in Nemea , Greece , as part of a 1977 University of California expedition and in Tel Beer Sheba , Israel , as part of a 1972 Tel Aviv University / University of North Carolina joint expedition . In 1993 , he was a consultant to a University Feasibility Study at the Port Authority of Freeport , Bahamas . Lazarus holds an A . B . degree ( with concentrations in classical languages and philosophy ) from Canisius College in Buffalo , New York , and he was awarded the College ' s Distinguished Alumni Award in 2005 . He also holds the M . A . and a Ph . D . in Classical Languages from Cornell University . He is the editor of " Discovery , Faith , Service : Perspectives on Jesuit Education " ( Marquette University Press , 1992 ) . Lazarus and his wife , Carol , have three children .