BEL Battle Field Surveillance Radar The PJT - 531 Battle Field Surveillance Radar - Short Range ( BFSR - SR ) is a man portable 2D short range Battle Field and Perimeter Surveillance Radar developed by the Indian Defence Research and Development Organization ( DRDO ) . The BFSR has been designed by DRDO ' s Bangalore - based laboratory , the Electronics and Radar Development Establishment ( LRDE ) and is being manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited ( BEL ) . BFSR has found use in the Indian border areas , especially along the Line of Control ( LoC ) in Jammu and Kashmir to prevent infiltration . Over 1100 units are in use by the Indian Army . Foreign Countries have also placed orders for the BFSR . Over 1 , 400 BFSRs are now being used by the Army against moving surface targets . A BFSR radar that offers foliage penetration is under development . Development . In the aftermath of the Kargil War , and with the heightened levels of infiltration , the Indian Army started looking at electronic sensors to augment the surveillance capabilities . One of the technologies identified was a small , surveillance radar , and the Army projected its requirements to LRDE shortly after . Sanction was given to DRDO to develop an indigenous radar . In the meantime , some Battle Field Surveillance radars ( SR ) were imported from Israel at a cost of 800 million , pending completion of the project . This accompanied a large - scale induction of high tech equipment for the Indian Armed Forces . The radar was designed and developed by LRDE , a DRDO unit , and manufactured by BEL . Initiated in 2000 , the development was carried out in LRDE , with the Project Director being Dr . S . Varadarajan , and with BEL collaboration . The project was a systematic example of concurrent engineering , with the production agency involved through the design and development stage . This enabled the design to be brought into production quickly . A salient feature of the BFSR programme was the high level of involvement of the Indian private sector , a first for defence programmes in India . Private firms supplied the rotational assembly and tripod , the Control and display unit as well as electronics assemblies after design and technology transfer by LRDE . This has continued into the substantial production run . The radar was ready for trials in early - 2002 , and after extensive trials in Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir , it was accepted in July 2002 , 24 months after development work commenced . Description . BFSR is a man portable , lightweight , battery operated , surveillance radar . Weighing around 30 kg , it can be carried and operated by two or three man teams . The BFSR is a fully coherent Pulse Doppler radar , operating with a 10 % duty cycle , and a 5W peak power . The low peak power provides the radar a Low Probability of Intercept ( LPI ) , making it difficult to detect by enemy sensors . The radar operates over 21 channels in J band ( 10 to 18 / 20 GHz ) . It can be operated in all weather conditions , and during day and night . BFSR - SR components include a mounting tripod , an antenna / electronics assembly , two 24 V batteries for power , and an integrated control and display unit ( CDU ) . Targets are classified automatically using Doppler target classification , with output Doppler return being channelled to the operator through headphones for the Doppler audio . The radar operates on two rechargeable 24 V batteries , which are carried separately by the soldiers . They can also be operated from AC supply . The batteries are usually suspended from the tripod to provide extra stability to the radar , although they can be kept separately . Radar array and hardware . The radar array consists of J - band Transmit , receive and processing modules within the single array block . The signal processor is a single on - board FPGA - based chip , which has been tailored for very low power consumption . The antenna array is made up of microstrip patch array antennas . The transmitter is a solid state transmit module , while the separate receiver is a super - heterodyne type receiver . The radar algorithm incorporates Digital Pulse compression Technology , which improves the LPI characteristics , as well as making the radar more accurate . This technology was developed in - house by LRDE , which constituted a major breakthrough for Indian radar technology . Display . The BFSR processing and display units , and control functions are integrated on a single , touch sensitive , portable IBM PC , called the Control and Display Unit ( CDU ) . Some processing elements are also built into the radar . The processed information is displayed on a high resolution 10 . 4 " LCD colour display . The PC operates on a Windows NT - based , menu driven user interface , which makes operating the BFSR extremely simple . A high resolution , north oriented , coloured radar picture is displayed on PC display . The radar display can either be in a Plan position indicator s ( PPI ) display , or a B - Scope display . The display also has provision for digital geographic map overlay , which allows the target data to be integrated with tactical data for use by ground forces and commanders . Different geographical maps can be overlaid on the radar display . A target position can be marked for further investigation , or combing of the area by ground forces . The interface between the radar and the CDU can be either RS232C or LAN connectivity . A light weight , rugged , standard army 2 - wire field cable is used for communicating between the radar and CDU . This allows the operators to be positioned up to 100 m away from the radar , in the safety of trenches , bunkers , or hides . This provides them better security and safety , and allows for greater flexibility in deploying the radar at suitable spots to meet technical and tactical requirements . The use of wired interface also provides a better security from interception and lower noise , and does not require the radar and CDU to be within Line - of - Sight of each other . Networking . The BFSR has a COTS - based built in networking and sensor fusion to increase the effectiveness of surveillance . Up to 10 radars may be networked at one time to provide greater area of coverage . All radars in a network can also be remotely controlled from a central hub . Provision to Network various radars for wider area coverage has also been built into the BFSR . Thermal imager . A third generation thermal imager has also been configured for use on the BFSR and has been integrated with it ( as shown in the image in the infobox ) . Operating in the Mid - wavelength Infrared ( MWIR ) spectrum ( 3 - 5 micrometre wavelengths ) , the imager has a single field of view ( monocular sighting ) This has given the BFSR day and night viewing capability . All BFSR data and images , both radar as well as thermal data are combined and displayed on the common control and display unit ( CDU ) . Thus , the radar can integrate its display with IR sensor output , which improves the overall efficacy of the system . The radar continues to progress further in terms of integration with more features being added . To aid in sensor fusion , and increase the effectiveness of surveillance , newer variants are also being networked with the Indian Army ' s Hand - held Thermal Imagers ( HHTIs ) for visually tracking targets detected by the radar . Operation . The BFSR has been designed for fast deployment , with a setup time of less than 5 minutes . The radar has an inbuilt GPS for self location and alignment with the digital map . It also has a built - in digital magnetic compass which can automatically align the radar to the North . This ensures that the precise location of targets is measured . Modes of operation . The radar can be operated in various modes - Surveillance / Scanning ( " Search " ) , acquisition , tracking / classification mode . The radar can also be operated manually , or put into an automated " Standby " mode . BFSR also has integrated calibration and maintenance modes , which aids in easy maintenance and testing on the field . Additionally , the radar also contains a built - in training simulator , which aids in the training of operators without the need to extensive training facilities . Further training modules can be easily loaded on to the PC . The built - in test equipment ( BITE ) on the BFSR aids in increasing reliability and allowing for easy calibration and fault detection of the radar on the field . The various modes are remotely configurable from the CDU by the operator , which allows for different modes of operations without any physical changes on the BFSR , and without needing the operator to expose himself to any danger . The operation can also be remotely controlled for networked radars . In scanning mode , the radar can scan around a specified sector looking for any moving objects . It is also capable of " Track - while - Scan " ( TWS ) operation , and can track 50 targets in TWS acquisition mode . The speed of scan can also be adjusted by adjusting the speed of the antenna ' s rotation to either a low , medium or high rotational speed . If a target is found , the operator can choose to track that target in the dedicated tracking mode . The Doppler return from the target is then processed , and fed into the operator ' s headphones to aid in classification . A classification algorithm in the radar also automatically classifies the into crawling target , single moving target , group of men , light vehicle , heavy vehicle and helicopter . The radar can also be vehicle or mast - mounted , to increase the detection capabilities . For mobility , better range , and for overcoming obstructions and ground reflection , a vehicle mounted version of BFSR has been developed . The radar array is mounted on a 6 meter long telescopic mast on a jeep or truck platform . Applications . BFSR is designed keeping in mind the requirements of border surveillance and intruder detection . Thus , it is an ideal tool for border surveillance and protection . It can also be used for battlefield surveillance and intelligence gathering by scouts , forward observers and Special Forces units . It can also be used as a low - cost solution for detection of low flying helicopters and boats by smaller infantry units , enabling in better protection in the absence of larger air - defence radars . The BFSR has been mainly used by the Indian Army for surveillance of designated areas and borders , for the prevention of infiltration and illegal immigration . It can also be used for perimeter surveillance and protection of sensitive sites , industrial facilities , power plants and similar sites . Status . BFSR - SR is currently being used extensively by the Indian Army , which has employed it in the border areas with Pakistan and Bangladesh for surveillance and prevention of infiltration . In 2004 , 1176 units were ordered by the Indian Army for . 5 . 51 billion ( USD 125 mn ) and were delivered within 18 months . the Indian Border Security Force has also inducted these radars for border surveillance . Foreign sales . BEL is heavily promoting the BFSR as a major product to foreign customers in order to improve its international defence presence . At 4 - 5 millions per unit , the BFSR costs a third of the price of comparable western systems . The BFSR has also notched up foreign sales , with Indonesia ordering 100 units and Sudan ordering 10 radars . In fact , Indonesia was the first customer to receive the radars , even before the Indian Army . Mozambique has also bought some radars for trials . BEL is looking at Sri Lanka , Uzbekistan and some other countries for potential sales . There have been serious sales enquiries from at least 5 countries . BEL is in the process of offering the product for field evaluations in other countries .