naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Alexander Leslie ( British Army officer ) The Honourable Major General Alexander Leslie ( 1731 – 27 December 1794 ) was a Major General in the British Army during the American Revolutionary War . He was the commander of the British troops at the Battle of Harlem Heights . He replaced Cornwallis as commander in the South in 1782 and won an easy victory near Combahee Ferry . Very little is known of his childhood . Leslie was born in England in 1731 to the Earl of Leven and Melville . Military career . He enlisted in the 3rd Foot Guards of the British Army in 1753 . He was promoted to Lieutenant - Colonel of the 64th Regiment of Foot in 1766 . In 1775 , before the American War of Independence broke out , he led troops to Salem , Massachusetts looking for contraband weapons . His advance was delayed by a standoff at a bridge , during which the colonists removed the weapons he was looking for . His force was eventually allowed to proceed , but found nothing of consequence , and was received with hostility during the expedition . In 1776 , Leslie was promoted to Brigadier - General . He fought in the Battle of Long Island , the Landing at Kip ' s Bay , the Battle of White Plains and the Battle of Harlem Heights , and the Siege of Charleston during the American War of Independence . In 1780 , he was sent to the Chesapeake Bay by Sir Henry Clinton in order to " make a powerful diversion in [ Earl Cornwallis ' s ] favor by striking at the magazines then collecting by the enemy . . . for supplying the army they were assembling to oppose him . " He became Major General in 1782 . On 27 December 1794 , Leslie became deathly ill while traveling from Glasgow and died at the Beechwood House . Personal life . In 1760 , he married Mary Tullidelph . She died in 1761 in childbirth . Their daughter survived .
4900th Flight Test Group The 4900th Test Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to Air Force Systems Command at Kirtland AFB , New Mexico , where it was inactivated on 1 April 1976 . History . The unit was activated by Air Force Systems Command on 1 August 1970 as the 4900th Test Group ( Flight Test ) and assigned directly to the command . Its mission was to conduct flight test programs of advanced airborne laser weapons for the co - located Air Force Special Weapons Center Advanced Radiation Technology Office . The group operated a fleet of five F - 4Ds , one RF - 4C , five NKC - 135As , three NC - 135As , five C - 130s , and several A - 37s , F - 100s , and helicopters until deactivated on April 1 , 1976 .
CCGH 045 CCGH " 045 " is a former Canadian Coast Guard hovercraft that had been based in Vancouver , British Columbia . " 045 " is a SR . N6 model built by British Hovercraft Corporation and commissioned by the Canadian Coast Guard in 1969 . The primary missions of " CCGH 045 " was performing search and rescue missions in the Fraser River delta and its navigable tributaries , as well as the Georgia Strait . Occasionally the " CCGH 045 " performed navigation aid maintenance . The hovercraft was assigned to the Pacific Region base CCG Station Sea Island in Richmond , BC . The Coast Guard ' s other SR . N6 ( SR - N6 - 39 ) hovercraft , CCGH 039 , was decommissioned in 1998 for use as a parts supply for the " CCGH 045 " . Both 045 and 039 were replaced by the newer British Hovercraft Corporation AP1 - 88 in 1998 . See also . The Canadian Coast Guard ' s other air cushion craft includes :
Julius White Julius White ( September 23 , 1816 – May 12 , 1890 ) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , as well as a postbellum diplomat . Civil War . A lawyer before the war , White received a commission as colonel of the 37th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment on September 19 , 1861 . He led the regiment in the southwest Missouri campaign of John C . Fremont in late 1861 . At the Battle of Pea Ridge on March 7 , 1862 , his brigade of two Illinois regiments blunted the attack of Louis Hebert ' s Confederates . On March 8 his troops participated in the final attack that defeated the Southern army . White was promoted brigadier general on June 9 , 1862 , and led the " Railroad " Brigade , VIII Corps . During the Second Battle of Bull Run , this unit was posted in Martinsburg , West Virginia , on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad . In the face of Robert E . Lee ' s invasion of Maryland , White retreated into Harper ' s Ferry , West Virginia , and joined Colonel Dixon S . Miles and his large garrison there . " White outranked Miles , but he followed military protocol by putting himself under the officer commanding on the scene in a crisis . " This was an unfortunate decision for White because Miles proved to be incapable of mounting an effective defense of the position . After he ran up the white flag , one of the last shots mortally wounded Miles . Therefore , White had to carry out the formal surrender of the place . For surrendering , White was brought before a court of inquiry , but he was acquitted when the court " found that he acted with capability and courage . " White was assigned to the XXIII Corps where he commanded the 2nd Division in the Knoxville Campaign in 1863 . In July 1864 he was sent to the Eastern Theater to command a division in the IX Corps . He briefly served as Ambrose Burnside ' s chief of staff during the battle of the Crater . He commanded the 1st Division in the IX Corps at the battle of Globe Tavern . This division was discontinued late in the Summer of 1864 and White resigned on November 19 , 1864 . He was breveted major general for war service and later served as U . S . Minister to Argentina from November 1873 to March 1874 .
Thomas de Courcy Hamilton Major - General Thomas de Courcy Hamilton VC ( 20 July 1825 – 3 March 1908 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Joining the British Army as an ensign in the 90th Regiment of Foot ( Perthshire Volunteers ) in 1842 , he exchanged into the 68th Regiment of Foot in 1848 . Details . He was 27 years old , and a captain in the 68th Regiment of Foot ( later The Durham Light Infantry ) , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC due to his actions at Sebastopol . " For having , on the night of the 11th May , 1855 , during a most determined sortie , boldly charged the enemy , with a small force , from a battery of which they had obtained possession in great numbers , thereby saving the works from falling into the hands of the enemy . He was conspicuous on this occasion for his gallantry , and daring conduct " . He retired from the army in 1872 as a Brevet colonel . The medal . The medal is held privately by descendants of Thomas de Courcy Hamilton .
Gawilghur Gawilghur ( also Gawilgarh or Gawilgad ) was a well - fortified mountain stronghold of the Maratha Empire north of the Deccan Plateau , in the vicinity of Melghat Tiger Reserve , Amravati District , Maharashtra . It was successfully assaulted by an Anglo - Indian force commanded by Arthur Wellesley on the 15 December 1803 during the Second Anglo - Maratha War . In popular culture , the campaign to take Gawilghur forms the background of the novel " Sharpe ' s Fortress " by Bernard Cornwell , the third in a series of books covering the eponymous hero ' s time in the British army in India during the Napoleonic era . History . The fort takes its name from the Gawli ( cow herds ) who inhabited the Berar ( modern day Amravati ) for centuries . Earlier the fort was likely just made of mud as were several such areas in the region . The exact date of construction is not known but the Persian historian , Firishta , records that Ahmed Shah Wali , the ninth king of the Muzaffarid dynasty built Gawilgarh when he was encamped at Ellichpur in 1425 . Likely this was the date when major fortification was carried out . In 1803 during the 2nd Maratha War the fort was besieged by Arthur Wellesley ( later Duke of Wellington ) . After two failed attempts at the main gate by British and Sepoy companies , and many casualties , Captain Campbell led the 94th Scottish Brigade ( light company ) up the ravine dividing the inner and outer forts and into the inner fort by escalade . The Scots then forced the northern gatehouse and opened the many gates , allowing the remaining British forces entry . The British suffered few casualties in the final assault ( approx . 150 ) . The fortress was returned to the Marathas after making peace with the British but they abandoned it . Major features . The fort has several inscriptions in Persian recording the date of building of each of its seven gates . It has two water tanks ( " Devtalav " and " Khantalav " ) , which would have been the main water source in case the fort was besieged . Within the fort the ruins of a mosque are the most conspicuous . It stands at the highest point in the inner fort and is built in the Pathan style of architecture . The mosque has a square canopy with intricate stone lattice work and a seven arched façade . The mosque originally had two minarets , only one of which is intact today . Gafur Ahmed , a jaglia ( tenant ) of the Narnala fort , tried to determine whether the chambers built into the fort of Narnala had any use by driving 20 sheep into them . One of the sheep turned up at Gawilgarh which is more than 20 miles away . So , probably there is an underground tunnel connecting the two forts . There are several unrepaired breaches made by British guns , which remain to this day . The gun that killed five attackers with a single shot still stands , although now with graffiti running the length of the barrel .
Andrew Wilson ( RAF officer ) Air Chief Marshal Sir Ronald Andrew Fellowes Wilson KCB AFC FRAes RAF ( born 27 February 1941 ) often known as Sir Andrew Wilson and sometimes known informally as Sir Sandy Wilson is a retired senior Royal Air Force officer . RAF career . Educated at Tonbridge School , Wilson joined the Royal Air Force in 1962 . From 1976 to 1978 Wilson served as the Commanding Officer of No . II ( AC ) Squadron . During this time the Squadron took delivery of the Jaguar which Wilson oversaw , flying practice reconnaissance missions . In 1980 Wilson was made Station Commander of RAF Lossiemouth . In 1990 Wilson was appointed the Commander British Forces Middle East , making him the in - theatre commander for Operation Granby , the British contribution to the Gulf War . He was knighted in 1991 and in 1993 he was appointed Air Member for Personnel and the following year , on 1 April 1994 , Wilson became the first Air Officer Commander - in - Chief of Personnel and Training Command . Retirement . He retired prematurely on 26 August 1995 . He was accused of using government funds to refurbish Haymes Garth , the official residence for the Air Member for Personnel based at RAF Innsworth . He argued that he used funds budgeted for this purpose , but was not supported by the then Defence Minister , Sir Malcolm Rifkind . External links .
Rolf Thomsen Rolf Thomsen ( 6 May 1915 – 26 March 2003 ) was a " Kapitänleutnant " with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and later served with the Bundesmarine . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He sailed on " U - 1202 " sinking one ship of 7 , 176 tons on four patrols . Military career . Thomsen served as a naval aviator from 1939 until early 1943 . He transferred to the U - boat service on 1 January 1944 and on 27 January 1944 commissioned " U - 1202 " . His first patrol as a U - boat commander took him into the North Atlantic . The first attack was carried out on 10 December 1944 . All four torpedoes , which were aimed at merchant vessels of between 6 , 000 and 7 , 000 tons , found their mark . Thomsen claimed such as sunk , as corresponding sinking noises were heard . However the enemy only admitted the loss of the 7 , 176 ton American merchant ship " Dan Beard " . From 1 October 1962 to 30 September 1963 he served as adjutant to the Federal Minister of Defence Kai - Uwe von Hassel .
Samuel Hill Lawrence Major Samuel Hill Lawrence VC ( 22 January 1831 – 17 June 1868 ) , born in Cork , was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Family . His father , also called Samuel Hill , had a military career in the 32nd Regiment of Foot and was wounded at Quatre Bras , the prelude to Waterloo . The Lawrence family formed part of the ‘ Protestant Ascendancy ’ in Ireland . Lawrence Snr . may have been master of the Orange Lodge at Nenagh around the year 1825 and is recorded as living at Belmont Cottage , Douglas , near Cork , Ireland in 1837 . His mother , Margaret Macdonald , was of Scots origin . He was the cousin of Lieutenant Thomas Cadell VC . Details . He was 26 years old , and a lieutenant , with a recent field promotion to captain , in the 32nd Regiment of Foot ( later The Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place on 7 July 1857 and 26 September 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow for which he was awarded the VC . He was recommended , by the board of officers which considered the claims of almost all those members of the 32nd Foot for Lucknow - related VCs , for a VC with bar . This suggestion was not taken up in later stages of the process . According to the fourth ' clause ' of the original warrant creating the V . C . , he would only have been eligible for a bar if he had already been decorated before the second V . C . action . Further information . He later joined the 25th Regiment of Foot , 8th Hussars and ended his military career , in 1865 , with the rank of major in the 11th Hussars . The United Services Gazette of 15 August 1868 ( p8 ) reported that ‘ Major Samuel Hill Lawrence V . C . , late of the 11th Hussars , died on 17 June at Estancia del Arazati ( sic ) Monte Video ( sic ) , South America aged 37 . ’ ( 15 ) Uruguay 17 June 1868 . In fact , Arazatí is in the ' departamento ' ( ' province ' ) of San Jose , not Montevideo . Research at both Montevideo , including the British Cemetery which is often quoted as his burial place , and Arazatí has , so far , failed to reveal his final resting place . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry Museum , Bodmin , Cornwall . Lawrence ' s campaign medals and miniatures are also on display at the museum . They were donated by a member of the Richards family , into which Lawrence ' s only surviving sister had married . Listed in order of publication year
Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana The National Republican Air Force ( Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana , or ANR ) was the air force of the Italian Social Republic during World War II , closely linked with the German Air Force ( " Luftwaffe " ) in northern Italy . Description . This air force was tasked with defending the industrial areas of the region , intercepting Allied bombers en route to southern Germany and the allied and occupied territories of the Axis , and giving close support to German and Italian land forces . Later during the war various units served with German forces based at Spilve , near Riga ( " Reichskommissariat Ostland " ) , on the northern Russian Front , amongst others in the central and south area ( Crimea ) on the front . The ANR , after the 1943 armistice that divided Italy , received numbers of Italian aircraft , later augmented with their own local production , and further aircraft from Germany . This force was opposed to the Italian Co - Belligerent Air Force ( " Aviazione Cobelligerante Italiana " , or ACI , or " Aeronautica Cobelligerante del Sud " ) , the Italian pro - Allied air force , though they never actually met in combat . Combat operations began in December 1943 , leading , in the following January , to the attack performed by the 1st Squadriglia " Asso di Bastoni " , against a formation of US P - 38 Lightning s , three of which were shot down . Starting from June 1944 , ANR started to receive Messerschmitt Bf 109G - 6s for its fighter force . From October 1944 to February 1945 , when the 1st Fighter Group " Asso di Bastoni " returned from training in Germany , 2nd Fighter Group " Gigi Tre Osei " was the only ANR fighter unit active in the defence of the northern Italian territory . From mid - 1944 , the casualty ratio started to outbalance the victories of the Italian pilots . The last interception missions were carried on 19 April 1945 . Bomber units included the " Gruppo Aerosiluranti " Buscaglia Faggioni " " , led by Carlo Faggioni and entitled to Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia who , at the time , was presumed dead but was instead held in an Allied Prisoner of War camp and later fought with the Aeronautica Cobelligerante . The unit , using old Savoia - Marchetti SM . 79 , performed several raids against the Allied bridgehead of Anzio . Its only two victories were the sinking of a British transport ship north of Benghazi ( at the time the group was based in Greece ) , and an enemy cargo off Rimini on 5 February 1945 .
Drummond Battery Drummond Battery was a counter bombardment battery at Port Kembla , New South Wales , Australia , during World War II . Constructed in 1942 to provide protection for Port Kembla from enemy shipping and submarines . Two BL 9 . 2 inch Mk X gun emplacements with related underground facilities were constructed near Drummond , Wollongong .
Yeiki Kobashigawa Yeiki Kobashigawa ( September 28 , 1917 – March 31 , 2005 ) was a soldier in United States Army . He is best known for receiving the Medal of Honor in World War II . Early life . Kobashigawa was born at Hilo , Hawaii . He is the son of immigrants who were born in Japan . He is a " Nisei " , which means that he is a second generation Japanese - American . Soldier . One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , Kobashigawa joined the US Army in November 1941 . Kobashigawa volunteered to join the all - " Nisei " 100th Infantry Battalion . This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland . For his actions in June 1944 , Kobashigawa was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . He led his squad in destroying several German machine gun nests . This was eventually upgraded to the Medal of Honor upon military review on June 21 , 2000 . The review examined whether or not Asian Americans who fought in uniform during the war were treated unfairly due to prejudice . Twenty - two Americans of Asian ancestry who had fought in World War II were awarded the Medal after the review . Kobashigawa was one of only a handful still alive in 2000 to receive the Medal during a White House ceremony . After the war , Kobashigawa worked as a maintenance mechanic . He died March 31 , 2005 and is buried in National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific , Honolulu , Hawaii . His grave can be found in the Columbarium Section CT8 - E , Row 500 , Site 536 . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Technical Sergeant Yeiki Kobashigawa distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944 , in the vicinity of Lanuvio , Italy . During an attack , Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa ' s platoon encountered strong enemy resistance from a series of machine guns providing supporting fire . Observing a machine gun nest 50 yards from his position , Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa crawled forward with one of his men , threw a grenade and then charged the enemy with his submachine gun while a fellow soldier provided covering fire . He killed one enemy soldier and captured two prisoners . Meanwhile , Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa and his comrade were fired upon by another machine gun 50 yards ahead . Directing a squad to advance to his first position , Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa again moved forward with a fellow soldier to subdue the second machine gun nest . After throwing grenades into the position , Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa provided close supporting fire while a fellow soldier charged , capturing four prisoners . On the alert for other machine gun nests , Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa discovered four more , and skillfully led a squad in neutralizing two of them . Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa ' s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him , his unit , and the United States Army .
Fort Espérance Fort Espérance was a North West Company trading post near Rocanville , Saskatchewan from 1787 until 1819 . It was moved three times and was called Fort John from 1814 to 1816 . There was a competing XY Company post from 1801 to 1805 and a Hudson ' s Bay post nearby from 1813 to 1816 . It was on the Qu ' Appelle River about 20 km from that river ' s junction with the Assiniboine River and about 7 km west of the Manitoba border . It was on the prairie in buffalo country and was mainly used as a source of pemmican which was sent down the river to Fort Bas de la Rivière at the mouth of the Winnipeg River . The Fort Esperance National Historic Site located nearby ( ) was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1959 . The XY post was a mile down river on the south bank . The location of the Qu ' Appelle lake site is unknown . One source suggests Round Lake 35 km west .
Theodora and Didymus Saints Theodora and Didymus ( died 304 ) are Christian saints whose legend is based on a 4th - century " acta " and the word of Saint Ambrose . This story is probably at least partially fictitious . The pair were martyred in the reigns of co - ruling Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian us . Due to a decline in Italian population in Ancient Rome , they issued an edict that it was the duty of Roman women to bear children , and virginity was criminalized . The prefect of Alexandria , Proculus , became aware of Theodora ' s vow of celibacy and called her before him . He pointed out that she was of a noble Roman family and beautiful and could have her choice of husbands . She told him of her vow of celibacy for Christ . He reminded her that the penalty for such an action was to be taken to a brothel . She swore that , if her virginity were taken , it would not be by her choice . Accordingly , Theodora was taken to a brothel . However , her first " customer " was Didymus , a Christian soldier . He had come intentionally to save her . He exchanged clothes with her , and she escaped . When a man came to despoil the virgin , Didymus revealed himself and said that he was a blessed man , for he had been given a chance to save an innocent woman and to die for his faith . Didymus was taken prisoner and brought to Proculus , where he was condemned to death . Saint Ambrose says that Theodora could not allow her savior to die alone and that she joined Didymus before Proculus . Didymus and , according to Ambrose , Theodora were beheaded . Didymus ' s body was burned . They are not included in the Roman Martyrology , the official but incomplete list of saints of the Roman Catholic Church . The story of Theodora and Didymus is almost identical to that of Saints Antonia and Alexander . The theme of the story might reflect the institution of religious prostitution , prevalent in the ancient Middle East , as remembered in a highly - disapproving Christian tradition . Pierre Corneille wrote in 1645 a tragedy " Theodore , virgin and martyr " , based on this story , but he transferred it to Antioch . It was a signal failure , removed after only five performances . The oratorio " Theodora " composed by George Frideric Handel in 1749 was based on the story of Theodora and Didymus .