naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
World War II Illinois Veterans Memorial The World War II Illinois Veterans Memorial is the official memorial of the U . S . state of Illinois maintained in honor of veteran s of the war , as well as those bereaved during the course of the conflict . 987 , 000 Illinois residents served in uniform during the war , and 22 , 000 gave up their lives during the campaigns . Planning for the memorial began in 1999 , and the memorial was dedicated in 2004 . The memorial is in Oak Ridge Cemetery , located on the north side of Springfield , Illinois , the state capital . The memorial is a multi - element sculptural installation that centers on a 22 - ton ( 20 - tonne ) white globe 12 feet ( 3 . 5m ) in diameter , demonstrating the global nature of the conflict . Spreading outward from the globe are a series of black granite walls into which the names of various battles and campaigns of the war are incised . Stainless steel buttons inserted into the globe pinpoint the locations of the battles . As of 2012 , frequent tribute observances gather together representatives from the diminishing headcount of veterans of this conflict . The executive board of the memorial also organizes efforts to collect oral memories from survivors . In some cases , relatives seeking information about their missing kin may contact the Memorial ' s executive board . Although the Memorial is " de jure " a historic site of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency , in practice it is maintained by the staff of Oak Ridge Cemetery and the Memorial ' s independent governing board .
Capture of Neapolis Prelude . The Romans confronted the Samnites in the middle of the Liris river valley , sparking the Second , or Great Samnite War ( 326 – 304 BC ) , which lasted twenty years . In 328 , the Romans , clearly looking for another fight with the Samnium , established a colony at Fregellae on the Liris and another Cales , earlier in 334 BC , the Samnites found that to be an unacceptable intrusion by Rome , but were too pre - occupied to respond at the time . The Samnites had to wait until after they finished their conflict with the Greek colony of Tarentum and its ally , King Alexander of Eprius . Roman - Samnite tensions . Fear of the Samnites caused the cities of Northern Campania to accept incorporation in the Roman state , and it was resumed policy of supporting the more civilized and peaceful lowlanders against the aggressive highland neighbors . The results led to a prolonged and desperate struggle between Rome and Samnites . Having used the Samnites to help subdue the Latins in the recent war , the Romans thereafter ignored the alliance that they had with the Samnites . The Samnites did not originally see the Roman annexation of Northern Campania as a hostile act . The indifference the Samnites were showing was due to the preoccupation of the Samnites with a war against the Tarentines , who were supported by an able ally , Alexander , King of the Molossians in northern Greece . The Samnites felt that the Roman expansion was extremely outrageous . Battle . Faced with unspecific demands for help , the Romans failed in capturing Neapolis by means of blockade or assault , thus they used the only other available option : treachery . The city was shifting , they no long sided with the Samnites , instead , favoring the Roman cause . They hatched a plot with the Romans to allow their forces into the town under the cover of night . When night came on the agreed day the Samnites issued onto the shoreline awaited the promised ships . While they milled about on the dark shore in confusion , a Roman force was let in through a postern . Once the gates were opened , the calamity that comes with battle started . Neapolis fell to Rome . The city was handled with positively for switching sides during the war . The end of this conflict caused a shift inland and away from the Tyrrhenian coast towards the inland valleys and the eastern littoral .
Yevgeniya Rudneva Evgeniya Maksimovna Rudneva ( ) , also known as Zhenya Rudneva ( " Женя Руднева " ) ( Berdiansk , December 24 , 1920 – April 9 , 1944 near Kerch ) was a Soviet military air navigator , a Hero of the Soviet Union , a member of the Moscow branch of the Astronomical - Geodesical Society of the USSR , and head of the Solar Department . She was Ukrainian , born into the family of an office worker . She had completed three years as a student in the Faculty of mechanics and mathematics of Moscow State University prior to October 1941 , when she volunteered for Soviet Army . She graduated from Navigator School and from May 1942 she fought at the front of World War II . There she served in the rank of Guards Senior Lieutenant as a navigator of the all - female 588th Night Bomber Regiment , which later was redesignated the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Regiment ( 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division , 6th Air Army , 2nd Byelorussian Front ) . Member in the CPSU since 1943 . She flew 645 night combat missions on the old and slow Polikarpov Po - 2 biplane , destroying river crossings , troop trains , troops and military equipment of the enemy . She perished valiantly while flying her 645th combat mission near the village of Bulganak , to the north of Kerch . She was shot down by Flak along with her pilot Panna Prokofyeva . In her letter to professor Sergey Blazhko , head of the Astrometry Department of Moscow State University , dated October 19 , 1942 , she wrote that her first bomb she promised the Nazis for the building of the Faculty of mechanics and mathematics , which was bombed by them in the winter . She wrote that she was defending the honour of the university . Awards and honors . Monuments to her were built in Moscow , Kerch and the Saltykovka settlement ( in Moscow Oblast ) . The Asteroid 1907 Rudneva , a school in Kerch , streets in Berdyansk , Kerch , Moscow and Saltykovka were named after her .
XI Bomber Command The XI Bomber Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with Eleventh Air Force , stationed at Shemya Army Air Base , Alaska ( Territory ) . It was inactivated on 31 March 1944 The command controlled primarily medium and light bomber units assigned or deployed to Alaska during the World War II Aleutian Islands Campaign in conjunction with Eleventh Air Force .
HMS Contest ( 1894 ) HMS " Contest " was one of three s to serve with the Royal Navy . She was launched on 1 December 1894 at the Laird , Son and Co shipyard , Birkenhead , and served most of her career in home waters . She served as part of the Medway Instructional Flotilla in 1901 . She was sold off in 1911 .
Frederick Charles Tudor Tudor Rear Admiral Sir Frederick Charles Tudor Tudor KCB KCMG ( 1863 – 1946 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Third Sea Lord . Naval career . Tudor joined the Royal Navy in 1876 . He was Commanding Officer of HMS " Prometheus " , HMS " Challenger " and HMS " Superb " . In 1910 he was given command of the Gunnery School at Whale Island in Portsmouth . He went on to be Director of Naval Ordnance and Torpedoes in 1912 . He served in World War I as Third Sea Lord from 1914 to 1917 when he became Commander - in - Chief , China Station . Tudor was responsible for arranging the escape of refugees from Siberia through Japan and on to Canada . In 1917 , he was awarded the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star , which represents the second highest of eight classes associated with the award . Notice of the King ' s permission to accept and to display this honour was duly published in the London Gazette . Tudor later became President of the Royal Naval College , Greenwich in 1920 before retiring in 1922 . Tudor was an uncle of Owen Frederick Morton Tudor , who married Larissa Tudor , a woman some people have claimed might have really been Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia .
Hauk - class patrol boat " Hauk " class patrol boat s are a series of Norwegian fast attack craft . " Hauk " means hawk in Norwegian . They were ordered in the 1970s and the first boat , " Hauk " , was commissioned on 17 August 1977 . Designed as a development of the " Storm " - and " Snøgg " - class , by Lieutenant - commander ( later Captain ) Harald Henriksen , the 14 " Hauk " class vessels made up the Coastal Combat Flotilla , responsible for protecting the rugged coastline of Norway . The ships were modernized frequently and in their later form were known as " Super - " Hauks " . " The Royal Norwegian Navy deployed four of these warships for anti - terror patrol in the Strait of Gibraltar . To ensure that their capability met contemporary standards the " Hauk " class boats were modernized to Super - Hauk standard with the arrival of the new and more modern " Skjold " class MTBs . This modernization included incorporation of the Senit 8 CMS , Link 11 ( receive only ) , modifications of the Penguin missiles and upgrades to the navigation equipment . All the boats were decommissioned by 2008 . International operations . The vessels were used as escort for allied vessels through the Strait of Gibraltar as part of Operation Active Endeavour . The Norwegian contribution consisted of 21 MTB Squadron and its four vessels . The squadron was stationed in Cadiz along with two Danish vessels of Flyvefisken class . The mission lasted from April to October 2003 , and the vessels were widely praised for their efforts . In November 2006 , the vessels were probably once called for international duty when 22 MTB squadron became part of UNIFIL II - a maritime UN contributions in the coastal area outside Lebanon that would prevent arms smuggling in the area . The vessels were stationed in Limassol in Cyprus . Vessels . < br clear = " all " \ >
French ship Commerce de Paris ( 1806 ) The Commerce de Paris was a 110 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , lead ship of her class . Career . She was offered to the French Republic by a subscription of merchants from Paris on 27 May 1803 and started as " Ville de Paris " . She was renamed " Commerce de Paris " on 21 November 1804 . In 1808 , she served as flagship of the Mediterranean squadron under Vice - Amiral Ganteaume and Contre - Amiral Cosmao , with Captain Violette as her flag officer . In 1809 , Ganteaume transferred on " Majestueux " . In June 1809 , command of " Commerce de Paris " was transferred to Captain Brouard . On 29 August 1814 , after the Hundred Days , she was transferred from Toulon to Brest , along with " Austerlitz " and " Wagram " , where she was decommissioned . From 1822 to 1825 , she was razeed by one battery . In 1830 , she was renamed " Commerce " , then " Borda " in 1839 . She was used as a school ship from 1840 . Renamed " Vulcain " in 1863 , she was eventually scrapped in 1885 .
Max Frauenthal Max Frauenthal ( also Frankenthal , or Fronthall ) ( November 11 , 1836 – March 8 , 1914 ) is known for the courage he showed during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in the American Civil War . Origin of his last name . The name " Frauenthal " was derived from the German city the Frauenthals lived in . Max Frauenthal ' s grandfather , who was called simply Meyer , adopted the name Frauenthal in early nineteenth century , when the Napoleonic Code required European Jews to take surnames . Early life . Max Frauenthal was born on November 11 , 1836 , in Marienthal , Germany . His family moved to the United States when he was 15 years old , settling in Brookhaven , Mississippi . The war . Frauenthal enlisted in the Confederate States Army as a private in the Sixteenth Regiment , Company A , Mississippi Volunteers at Summit , Mississippi , one of 1500 Jewish volunteers in the Confederate Army . Although he was officially an army drummer , he often used his musket in battle . Some of the most “ terrific and long - sustained fighting ” ( as described by a private A . T . Watts ) was fought at " Bloody Acute Angle " at Spotsylvania , Virginia on May 12 , 1864 . For several hours , surrounded by the soldiers from Union Army , Frankenthal fought between the " most terrific hail of lead , and coolly and deliberately loaded and fired without cringing . " Frauenthal ’ s bravery made a lasting impression on Watts . Almost 30 years after the battle , in an 1893 letter , Watts ( by then a judge in Dallas ) wrote : The phrase " a regular Fronthall " was used to refer to the bravest soldiers in 16th Regiment . Brought home by the veterans from Texas , it is still in use in the area around Galveston . Post - bellum . In 1869 , Frauenthal married Sallie Jacobs . They had 13 children ; six survived to adulthood . A successful businessman , Frauenthal donated land for a court square in anticipation of the formation of a new county and built a courthouse on the land he donated . He also donated Spring Park to the town of Sugar Loaf ( now Heber Springs ) in Arkansas . Frauenthal died on March 8 , 1914 , and is buried at Temple Israel Cemetery in Memphis .
Godefroi , Comte d ' Estrades Godefroi , Comte d ' Estrades ( 1607 – February 26 , 1686 ) was a French diplomatist and marshal . He was born in Agen , the son of Francois d ' Estrades ( died 1653 ) , a partisan of Henry IV , and brother of Jean d ' Estrades , bishop of Condom . He became a page to Louis XIII , and at the age of nineteen was sent on a mission to Maurice of Holland . In 1646 he was named ambassador extraordinary to Holland , and took part in the conferences at Münster . Sent in 1661 to England , he obtained in 1662 the restitution of Dunkirk . In 1667 he negotiated the treaty of Breda with the king of Denmark , and in 1678 the treaty of Nijmwegen , which ended the war with Holland . Independently of these diplomatic missions , he took part in the principal campaigns of Louis XIV , in Italy ( 1648 ) , in Catalonia ( 1655 ) , in Holland ( 1672 ) ; and was created marshal of France in 1675 . He left " Lettres , memoires et négociations en qual d ' ambassadeur en Hollande depuis 1663 jusqu ' en 1668 " , of which the first edition in 1709 was followed by a nine - volume edition ( London ( the Hague ) , 1743 ) . Of the sons of Godefroi d ' Estrades , Jean Francois d ' Estrades was ambassador to Venice and Piedmont ; Louis , marquis d ' Estrades ( died 1711 ) , succeeded his father as governor of Dunkirk , and was the father of Godefroi Louis , comte d ' Estrades , lieutenant - general , who was killed at the siege of Belgrade , 1717 . See Felix Salomon , " Frankreichs Beziehungen zu dem Schottischen Aufstand ( 1637 - 1640 ) " , containing an excursus on the falsification of the letters of the comte d ' Estrades ; Philippe Lauzun , " Le Marichal d ' Estrades " ( Agen , 1896 ) .
Artur Ivens Ferraz General Artur Ivens Ferraz ( 1 December 1870 , in Lisbon – 16 January 1933 , in Lisbon ) , was a Portuguese military officer and politician . He served in the Portuguese Expeditionary Force during the Portuguese participation in World War I , in France . He was later Governor - General of Portuguese Mozambique , and was Minister of Trade , Colonies and Finances . He also served as Prime Minister from 8 July 1929 to 21 January 1930 . He later occupied the post of general administrator of the Army and head of the Armed Forces .
1st Armoured Car Squadron ( Australia ) The Australian 1st Armoured Car Squadron was an Australian Army unit formed as part of Australia ' s contribution to the occupation of Japan . Upon its return to Australia in 1948 the Squadron was expanded and re - equipped to form the 1st Armoured Regiment . History . The 1st Armoured Car Squadron was raised at Puckapunyal , Victoria in January 1946 to form part of the Australian 34th Brigade which was forming at Morotai in the Netherlands East Indies prior to its deployment to Japan . The Squadron was manned by volunteers from the 4th Armoured Brigade and was equipped with 18 Staghound armoured cars and 8 Canadian Scout Cars . After a brief period of training the Squadron embarked for Japan in late March 1946 , arriving at Hiroshima on 12 April 1946 . Following the arrival of its armoured cars in early June the 1st Armoured Car Squadron began conducting patrols across the 34th Brigade ' s area of responsibility . These patrols were generally uneventful and , like almost all of the Allied occupation force , the Squadron did not experience combat . Due to the unsuitability of the Staghounds for Japan ' s roads the Squadron was completely equipped with Canadian Scout Cars in 1947 . The 1st Armoured Car Squadron returned to Australia in December 1948 . In July 1949 the Squadron was expanded and re - equipped with Churchill tank s to form the 1st Armoured Regiment .
Soldier Protection Demonstration The Soldier Protection Demonstration is a PEO Soldier program for evaluating ballistic vest s for the U . S . Army . Seven tests have been conducted since August 2006 and the eighth is underway . Conducted in August 2006 . Conducted in May 2007 . Conducted in August 2007 . Conducted in May 2008 . Conducted in June 2008 . Conducted in July 2008 . Conducted in May 2009 .
Roger Blaizot Roger Charles André Henri Blaizot ( 1895 – 1981 ) was a French military leader , who commanded French forces during World War II and the First Indochina War . Blaizot served in Indochina through the last two years of the World War II , having been sent to command the Far East French Expeditionary Forces ( Forces Francaises Extrême Orient ) by Charles de Gaulle . Following the war , Blaizot led a fifty - member staff group to Indochina as part of a cooperation between British Special Operations Executive agents of Force 136 and the French government to ensure French retention of South East Asia , this having been approved by Lord Philip Mountbatten in 1943 . Blaizot then went on to command the French forces in Indochina from 1948 until 1949 , succeeding Jean - Étienne Valluy and being succeeded himself by Marcel Carpentier . References . Printed sources : Websites :
Jagdgeschwader 101 Jagdgeschwader 101 ( JG 101 ) was a Luftwaffe fighter - training - wing of World War II . Formed at Werneuchen from " Jagdfliegerschule " 1 , JG 101 was created in December 1942 and were stationed from 27 January 1943 at Pau , southern France . An operational training unit , the " Geschwader " was never officially deployed in combat , although on 5 March 1944 " Jagdgruppe West " and JG 101 defended Bergerac , Cognac , and other airfields in south west France against a raid by 8th Air Force B - 24s . On 24 May 1944 Hptm . Scholtz of 1 . / JG 101 claimed a B - 17 shot down . On 15 October 1944 the unit was increased to two " gruppen " . The unit operated several training types , including the Gotha 143 and Bucker 131 biplanes and the French - built fighter Dewoitine D . 520 . JG 101 also operated the first two seater Bf 109 . The G - 12 was a modified G - 2 , with a second seat behind the existing cockpit for the instructor . The two seat Fw 190F - 8 / U - 1 trainer was also employed . The Geschwader was disbanded on 16 April 1945 and 2 , 400 personnel were transferred to the 10 . Fallschirm - Jäger - Division and 11 . Fallschirm - Jäger - Division .
Republic of China in the Vietnam War The Republic of China ( Taiwan ) supported South Vietnam ( Republic of Vietnam ) during the Vietnam War . Both were anti - communist Asian nations fighting against rival communist regimes , the People ' s Republic of China and North Vietnam ( Democratic Republic of Vietnam ) . Since November 1967 , the ROC secretly operated a cargo transport detachment to assist the US and the ROV . It was based on existing formation of the 34th squadron of ROC Air force . The unit ' s strength included two cargo aircraft , seven flight officers and two mechanics , even though a higher number of military personnel was involved through rotation . It was tasked with air transportation , airdrop and electronic reconnaissance . Some 25 members of the unit were killed , among them 17 pilots and co - pilots , and three aircraft were lost . Other ROC involvement in Vietnam included a secret listening station , special reconnaissance and raiding squads , military advisers and civilian airline operations ( which cost a further two aircraft due to Vietnamese individually operated AA missiles ) . The ROC also provided military training units for the South Vietnamese diving units . The ROC trained units would eventually become the Lien Doi Nguoi Nhai ( LDMN ) or " Frogman unit " in English . In addition to the diving trainers there were several hundred military personnel . Military commandos from the ROC were captured by communist forces three times , on July 16 , 1961 July 1963 and again on October 23 , 1963 , trying to infiltrate North Vietnam .
Denel Dynamics Umbani The Umbani is a precision - guided bomb kit manufactured by Denel Dynamics in South Africa . It consists of a number of modules fitted to NATO standard Mk81 , Mk82 or Mk83 low drag free - fall bombs to convert them to glide bomb s . Design . The modular kit consists of a number units that are attached to a standard Mk80 - series bomb . A guidance system and large tail fins are the most basic form of the system , optional folding wings and a rocket motor may be added to increase the stand - off range up to or add a low - level launch capability . Guidance . The weapon ' s all - weather , day and night capability is due to the GPS – INS guidance system . Increasing accuracy to a claimed 3m CEP is possible by adding an imaging infrared or a semi - active laser seeker terminal guidance system . Testing and qualification . The system was first tested on the Atlas Cheetah , later an Aerosud - owned former South African Air Force ( SAAF ) Dassault Mirage F1 was used after the Cheetah retired . The system has been integrated on the SAAF ' s BAE Hawk Mk120 lead - in fighter trainer aircraft . Qualification on the SAAF ' s Saab JAS 39 Gripen was not considered due to the high costs associated with integration on a supersonic aircraft . The Gripens have been armed with GBU - 12 Paveway II bombs instead . Sales . The manufacturer has expressed optimism at the export potential of the system following qualification on the Hawk as a number of air forces worldwide operate Hawks . An unnamed country has placed an order worth ZAR 1 . 2 billion for the weapon . Although the SAAF has funded most of the development costs of the weapon system it has not yet placed a firm order for any . Joint venture . On 20 September 2012 at the Africa Aerospace and Defence 2012 show in Pretoria , South Africa , Denel Dynamics announced a joint venture with Tawazun Holdings of the United Arab Emirates to develop and manufacture various precision weapons . A version of the Umbani known as the " Al - Tariq " will be the first product of the new Tawazun Dynamics company .