naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Joe C . Specker Joe C . Specker ( January 10 , 1921 – January 7 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Specker joined the Army from his birth city of Odessa , Missouri in September 1942 , and by January 7 , 1944 was serving as a Sergeant in the 48th Engineer Combat Battalion . On that day , at Mount Porchio , Italy , he voluntarily went forward alone to destroy an enemy machinegun emplacement . Although severely wounded during his advance , he continued on and routed the enemy force before succumbing to his wounds . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor six months later , on July 12 , 1944 . Specker , aged 22 at his death , was buried at Odessa Cemetery in his hometown of Odessa , Missouri . Medal of Honor citation . Sergeant Specker ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life , above and beyond the call of duty , in action involving actual conflict . On the night of 7 January 1944 , Sgt . Specker , with his company , was advancing up the slope of Mount Porchio , Italy . He was sent forward on reconnaissance and on his return he reported to his company commander the fact that there was an enemy machinegun nest and several well - placed snipers directly in the path and awaiting the company . Sgt . Specker requested and was granted permission to place 1 of his machineguns in a position near the enemy machinegun . Voluntarily and alone he made his way up the mountain with a machinegun and a box of ammunition . He was observed by the enemy as he walked along and was severely wounded by the deadly fire directed at him . Though so seriously wounded that he was unable to walk , he continued to drag himself over the jagged edges of rock and rough terrain until he reached the position at which he desired to set up his machinegun . He set up the gun so well and fired so accurately that the enemy machine - gun nest was silenced and the remainder of the snipers forced to retire , enabling his platoon to obtain their objective . Sgt . Specker was found dead at his gun . His personal bravery , self - sacrifice , and determination were an inspiration to his officers and fellow soldiers .
Italian submarine Vettor Pisani Vettor Pisani was an Italian , serving the Regia Marina during World War II . It was named after Vettor Pisani , a Venetian admiral . " Vettor Pisani " was laid down in the Cantiere Navale Triestino yards in Monfalcone on 18 November 1925 , launched on 24 November 1927 , and completed for the Regia Marina on 16 June 1929 . " Vettor Pisani " is most famous as having Junio Valerio Borghese as commander for a short time during the Second World War . Due to her age , her usefulness was limited , and she saw no real service during the war . She survived the war and was subsequently laid up on 23 March 1947 .
3rd Light Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 3rd Light Division ( sometimes described as " Light Mechanized " or " Light Panzer " to distinguish it from the later " Light " infantry divisions ) was raised in November 1938 . In 1939 it fought in the Invasion of Poland . Due to shortcomings that the campaign revealed in the organization of the Light divisions it was reorganized as the 8th Panzer Division afterward , in October 1939 . On September 4 , 1939 , soldiers from the division entered the region of Katowice where they met resistance from the local Polish population . In retribution 80 Polish prisoners of war were gathered in Kosciuszko Square by German soldiers and executed . As the 8th Panzer Division it fought in the 1940 Battle of France and then remained on occupation and garrison duty in France and Germany until joining Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941 . It remained on the Eastern Front thereafter , fighting in every sector and eventually driven back into Hungary and then Czechoslovakia , where it surrendered to the Soviets at the end of the war . On entering the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa the 8th Panzer Division had a total of 212 tanks which consisted of 49 Panzer II ' s , 118 Panzer 38 ( t ) ' s , only 30 Panzer IV s , 7 Panzerbef 38 ( t ) ' s ( command tanks ) & 8 Panzerbef ' s . The 10th Mechanized Corps engaged the 8th Panzer Division on 13 July 1941 along with the 177th Rifle Division isolating 8th Panzer from its neighbouring divisions for several days around Dno & costing it 70 of its 150 tanks destroyed or damaged . References . Note : The Web references may require you to follow links to cover the unit ' s entire history .
SM UB - 91 SM " UB - 91 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 April 1918 as SM " UB - 91 " . Surrender . " UB - 91 " was surrendered to Britain on 21 November 1918 at Harwich and was toured around the South Wales ports of Cardiff , Newport , Swansea , Port Talbot and towed to Pembroke Dock , eventually being broken up in Briton Ferry in 1921 . Her deck gun was presented to Chepstow by King George V in recognition of the bravery of William Charles Williams RN VC at Gallipoli in 1915 . Construction . She was built by AG Vulcan of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction , launched at Hamburg on 6 March 1918 . " UB - 91 " was commissioned later the same year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 91 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 91 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 91 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Gnaeus Mallius Maximus was a Roman politician and general . He was a " novus homo " when he was elected to the consulship of the Roman Republic in 105 BC . He drew Gallia Transalpina as his province for the year . He was defeated by Cimbri at the battle of Arausio ( 6 October 105 BC ) . He lost his sons in the battle and he was impeached for the loss of his army upon his return to Rome . Although it is unclear whether he was convicted at trial and subsequently went into exile , he was placed under an " aquae et ignis interdictio " by a " rogatio " of Saturninus ; that is , like Cicero later , he was " denied water and fire " , a formulaic expression of banishment ( see Law of majestas ) .
Operation Acolyte Operation Acolyte was the name given to the Australian Defence Force ' s ( ADF ) contribution to providing security , ceremonial and general support to the 2006 Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne , Australia . The ADF contributed approximately 2600 personnel to Operation Acolyte from across the three defence services ( Army , Navy , Air Force ) , and was commanded by Brigadier Andrew Smith .
Ganju Lama Ganju Lama ( 22 July 1924 – 1 July 2000 ) was a Nepal ese Gurkha recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Enlistment . Ganju Lama was born in Sangmo , southern Sikkim , India , on 22 July 1924 . He enlisted in British Gurkha Army in 1942 at the age of seventeen . His parents were both of Sikkimese descent , which made him unusual , as he was neither an ethnic Gurkha nor a Nepal ese subject . At that time , however , Gurkha regiments were prepared to accept any recruit who closely resembled the Gurkha and lived near the border of Nepal . Ganju Lama ' s tribe lived in the kingdom of Sikkim . His name was Gyamtso Shangderpa , but a clerk in the recruiting office wrote it down as Ganju , and the name stuck . After leaving the regimental centre in 1943 , he joined the 1st Battalion , 7th Gurkha Rifles , near Imphal , India . Victoria Cross . Ganju Lama was nineteen years old , and a rifleman in the 1st Battalion , 7th Gurkha Rifles , in the Indian Army during World War II when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross : A month earlier , during operations on the Tiddim Road , Ganju Lama ' s regiment had surprised a party of Japanese and killed several of them . He was awarded the Military Medal for his part in the action . Strangely though , this award was actually announced in the " London Gazette " after his Victoria Cross , appearing on 3 October 1944 , almost a month later . Later life . After India gained its independence , he joined the Indian 11th Gorkha Rifles , retiring in 1968 , when he became a farmer in Sikkim . He was appointed honorary ADC to the President of India for life . His Victoria Cross is displayed at a museum in England along with those of other Gurkhas .
DF - 31 The Dong Feng 31 ( ; a . k . a . CSS - 10 ) is a long - range , road - mobile , three stage , solid propellant intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM ) in the Dongfeng missile series developed by the People ' s Republic of China . It is designed to carry a single 1 - megaton nuclear warhead . It is a land - based variant of the submarine - launched JL - 2 . It is operated by the Second Artillery Corps ( SAC ) which , in 2009 , was estimated to have under 15 DF - 31 missiles and under 15 DF - 31A missiles in inventory . It is not known how many missiles of this type the SAC currently has . The DF - 31A is believed to have incorporated many advanced technologies similar to current generation Russian ICBMs , including the use of penetration aids such as decoys or chaff and maneuverable reentry vehicle s to complicate enemy ' s missile warning and defense system . History . The PRC began developing the DF - 31 as a second - generation ICBM successor of the DF - 4 in the mid - 1980s . ARMT ( then called the 4th Aerospace Academy ) was appointed as the main contractor while the research arm of the Second Artillery Corps provided contributing support . The land - based variant of the JL - 2 was originally called the DF - 23 but was changed later on to the DF - 31 because of a change in operational requirements . In 1999 , the missile was first displayed publicly at the National Day Parade . On August 2 , 1999 , the Chinese state news media reported the successful test of the DF - 31 . Operational deployment of the missiles reportedly began sometime between 2002 and 2003 , but as of early 2006 the US Defense Department reported to Congress that initial deployment was expected later that year . In 2009 , US Air Force Intelligence reported that under 15 DF - 31 missiles had been deployed . Description . The DF - 31 is a three stage solid - propellant rocket equipped with an inertial navigation system . The missile is mounted on a transport - erector launcher . DF - 31A . The PRC has developed an improved variant of the DF - 31 called the DF - 31A . This upgraded missile has a reported range of 11 , 200 km , and possibly MIRV capability to hold 3 warheads each capable of a 20 - 150 kt yield , and penetration and decoy aids to complicate missile defense efforts .
Robert John Fleming Robert John Fleming ( January 13 , 1907 - July 14 , 1984 ) was Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1962 to 1967 although his largely successful tenure was marred in 1964 by the issue over whether the Panamanian Flag should be flown alongside the Panama Canal Zone Flag on public buildings . This issue escalated while he was on a political trip to the United States and on 9 January 1964 riots broke out across the country that left at least 25 people dead including three U . S . soldiers . Born in Fort Robinson Nebraska on the 13 January 1907 to Robert John and Augusta Fleming , Fleming attended the United States Military Academy at West Point , graduating in 1928 before earning an M . S . in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1931 . He remained in the United States Army as an engineering officer until 1954 , his World War II service including duty in the Pacific Theater before a series of staff posts in Washington D . C . and Virginia . After a period in public service that included a three year sojourn in public service in France , Fleming was appointed by President John F . Kennedy as Governor of the Panama Canal Zone in 1962 . In 1964 Fleming watered down a directive issued by Kennedy stipulating that the Panamanian national flag should be flown alongside that of the US - administered Canal Zone on public buildings within the zone . Fleming , in an effort to defuse the tensions caused by this ruling , changed it so that no flags would be flown . This move angered more people than the previous one , and when Fleming was on board a flight over the Caribbean , students at Balboa high school raised the Canal Zone flag over their school and resisted efforts to either remove it or add the Panamanian one alongside . From these beginnings began a riot partly caused by the over - reaction of the local Zonian police who were without guidance from the Governor ' s office on how to proceed . The army were eventually called in to calm the situation , but not before 25 people were dead . This is now known as Martyr ' s Day in Panama and is a public holiday . Fleming was not held responsible for the events and remained in place until 1967 when he retired to take up a position as Executive Vice President for a company in Boston , Massachusetts . His tenure in charge had also seen the most comprehensive survey of the canal with the intention of widening it , the inauguration of the " Panama Canal Spillway " newspaper and the opening of the Thatcher Ferry Bridge . He died on the 14 July 1984 . Awards and decorations . His years of military and public service came with several awards . He was given the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star , the Army Commendation Medal , the Order of the White Lion from Czechoslovakia , the Légion d ' honneur from France and the Grand Cross Nuñez de Balboa from Panama for his various and varied public services .
17th Marine Regiment ( United States ) The 17th Marine Regiment was an engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 1st Marine Division . It was formed primarily from units of the Division , and was disbanded during war with the 1st and 2nd battalions remaining in the Division . Subordinate units . The regiment comprised three battalions and a headquarters and service company : The 1st Battalion was an engineer battalion , the 2nd was a pioneer battalion and the 3rd a Naval Construction Battalion . History . World War II . The 17th Marine Regiment participated in the Battle of Cape Gloucester . The subordinate battalions , as independent battalions in 1st Marine Division , participated in all of the Division ' s major operations during the war .
Gratus Gratus , a soldier of Caligula ' s bodyguard , who , after the assassination of that emperor , discovered and drew Claudius from his hiding - place in the palace , and presented him to the soldiers as a Germanicus , the proper heir to the empire .
Hillside castle A hillside castle is a castle built on the side of a hill above much of the surrounding terrain but below the summit itself . It is thus a type of hill castle and emerged in Europe in the second half of the 11th century . As a result of the particular danger to the site from attacks on the castle from the rising ground above it , this weak point is usually strongly protected by a shield wall or a " bergfried " . Often a combination of these two passive defensive works were used . The advantage of a hillside castle was that its well was much less deep than that of a hilltop castle . The boring of the well was often the most expensive and time - consuming element in the overall construction of a castle . Often , however , its water supply was ensured with the additional help of donkeys as pack animals , entailing the construction of special donkey tracks . There are numerous hillside castles in the German Central Uplands , especially in stream and river valleys , for example on the Middle Rhine . They were often built as customs posts ( " Zollburgen " ) and lay close to trading routes . In all they make up less than 1 % of all medieval castles as categorised by topographic location , because they had enormous strategic disadvantages as a result of being dominated by higher ground on the uphill side . Examples of hillside castles include Katz Castle in Sankt Goarshausen , Ehrenfels Castle in Rüdesheim and the Rietburg near Rhodt in der Palatinate .
Sidney Keyes Sidney Arthur Kilworth Keyes ( 27 May 1922 – 29 April 1943 , Tunisia ) was an English poet of World War II . Life . Early years . Keyes was born on 27 May 1922 . He attended Dartford Grammar School for his secondary education and later , for his tertiary , the Queen ' s College , Oxford . While at college , Keyes wrote the only two books of his lifetime , " The Cruel Solstice " and " The Iron Laurel " . During his time in Oxford , Keyes fell in love with the young German artist Milein Cosman , but his love was not returned . Military service . Keyes left Oxford and joined the army in April 1942 , entering active service that same year . He was sent with his regiment to fight in the Tunisia Campaign of World War II . Hitherto his service , Keyes had already written more than half of the 110 poems that would later be gathered in " The Collected Poems of Sidney Keyes " . During combat , he was reported to have continued writing poetry . However , these works have not survived . Death . Keyes fought and died in action on 29 April 1943 , shortly before his 21st birthday . It has also been stated that he died at the hands of the enemy , following his capture . Recognition . In 1943 , Keyes was awarded the Hawthornden Prize for " The Cruel Solstice " and " The Iron Laurel " .
3rd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment The 3rd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry ( 1864 – 1865 ) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War . The regiment is separate from and has no connection with the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment which served in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and is also separate from the 3rd Regiment , Arkansas State Troops , which participated in the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek . Organization . In September 1864 , the remnants of several Arkansas Infantry Regiments in the Trans - Mississippi Department were consolidated . There is some evidence that this consolidation may have occurred as a field consolidation as early as May 1864 . The 3rd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry was created by combining the following depleted regiments : Col . H . G . P . Williams was selected to command the new consolidated regiment . All of these regiments had been captured at the Siege of Vicksburg or Port Hudson and exchanged back in Arkansas . The consolidated regiment was assigned along with the 1st and 2nd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment s to the 2nd ( McNair ’ s ) Arkansas Brigade , 1st ( Churchill ’ s ) Arkansas Division , 2nd Corps , Trans - Mississippi Department , from September 1864 to May 1865 . Surrender . This regiment was surrendered with the Department of the Trans - Mississippi , General Kirby Smith commanding , May 26 , 1865 . When the Trans - Mississippi Department surrendered , all of the Arkansas infantry regiments were encamped in and around Marshall , Texas ( war - ravaged Arkansas no longer able to subsist the army ) . The regiments were ordered to report to Shreveport , Louisiana , to be paroled . None of them did so . Some soldiers went to Shreveport on their own to be paroled , but the regiments simply disbanded without formally surrendering . A company or two managed to keep together until they got home . For example , Company G , 35th Arkansas Infantry Regiment , traveled back to Van Buren , Arkansas where they surrendered to the U . S . post commander in a formal ceremony , drawn up in front of the court - house , laying down their weapons , etc . But for the most part , the men simply went home . Many of the Arkansas Cavalry units , which had largely been furloughed for the winter of 1864 - 1865 following Price ' s disastrous Missouri Expedition did formally surrender at Jacksonport , Wittsburg , and a few other locations .
Collective Rapid Reaction Force Collective Rapid Reaction Force ( – KSOR ) is a joint combined arms task force comprising independent military units from the Collective Security Treaty Organization member states . CRRF was created in 2009 with the general purpose to counter a limited military aggression against CSTO member states , to fight against terrorism and drug trafficking . History . The agreement on creation of Collective Rapid Reaction Force was signed by the presidents of all CSTO states except Belarus during a summit in Moscow on February 4 , 2009 . Belarus joined the agreement on October 20 , same year . The first joint exercises of CRRF were held in October 2009 at Matybulak firing range in Kazakhstan near the border with China . Composition . According to Russian media , CRRF currently comprises following units :
Henry of Nassau - Dillenburg Henry of Nassau , count of Nassau - Dillenburg , ( Dillenburg 15 October 1550 — Mook 14 April 1574 ) was the youngest brother of William I of Orange - Nassau . He was the twelfth and last child of William the Rich and Juliana of Stolberg - Werningerode , and was raised a Lutheran . He studied in Leuven and Strasbourg . He and his brothers William and Louis joined the Huguenot army of Louis I de Bourbon , prince de Condé and took part in the Battle of Moncontour ( 30 October 1569 ) . Henry fell in the battle of Mookerheyde at the age of 23 . His elder brother Louis was also killed in this battle . Their bodies have never been recovered . References . Article in " Grote Winkler Prins , Encyclopedie in twintig delen " , 7th edition , Elsevier , Amsterdam ( 1972 ) .
American Blimp A - 170 The American Blimp A - 170 is a blimp built by the American Blimp Corporation . Holden Airship . The Holden Airship ( nick - named " the Holdenberg " by the Australian press ) was a promotional gimmick operated by Holden ( GM Holden Ltd ) , an Australian car manufacturer . The lightship was painted in the distinctive red and white livery of Holden and is flown at various outdoor events , such as Tertiary Open Day in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory , on 25 August 2007 ( see picture ) . In late September 2007 , The Holden Airship was decommissioned and shipped back to the USA in preparation for its next international contract . MZ - 3 . A modified A - 170 is operated by the United States Navy as an advanced flying laboratory , designated MZ - 3A .
USS LST - 560 USS " LST - 560 " was a United States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1946 . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 560 " was laid down on 22 February 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 21 April 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . L . C . Holm , and commissioned on 2 May 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 560 " was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations , where was a unit of LST Division 43 under LST Group 22 ( commanded by Commander E . H . Pope , USN ) , which was a component of LST Flotilla Eight ( commanded by Captain E . Watts , USN ) . She took part in the Philippines campaign , participating in the landings on Palawan Island in March 1945 and the landings in the Visayan Islands in March and April 1945 . She then took part in the Brunei Bay operation on Borneo in June 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 560 " performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid - October 1945 , when she deaprted for the United States . Decommissioning and disposal . After returning to the United States , " LST - 560 " was decommissioned on 17 May 1946 and stricken from the Navy List on 19 June 1946 . On 12 September 1946 , she was sold to the Construction Power and Merchandising Company of Brooklyn , New York . Honors and awards . " LST - 560 " earned two battle star s for her World War II service .