naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gerald Robert O ' Sullivan Gerald Robert O ' Sullivan VC ( 8 November 1888 , Frankfield , Douglas , County Cork – 21 August 1915 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was 26 years old , and a captain in the 1st Battalion , Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 1 July / 2 July 1915 south - west of Krithia , Gallipoli , Turkey , Captain O ' Sullivan volunteered to lead a party of bomb throwers to recapture a vital trench . He advanced in the open under very heavy fire and in order to throw his bombs with greater effect , got up on the parapet , completely exposed to the enemy occupying the position . He was finally wounded , but his example led his men to make further efforts which resulted in the recapture of the trench . Previously , on 18 June / 19 June he had saved a critical situation by his gallantry and leadership . He was killed in action , Suvla , Gallipoli , Turkey , on 21 August 1915 . References . Listed in order of publication year
Thermal weapon sight A thermographic weapon sight , thermal imagery scope or thermal weapon sight is a device combining a compact thermographic camera and an aiming reticle . They can be mounted on a variety of small arms as well as some heavier weapons . As with regular thermal sensors , thermal weapon sights can operate in total darkness or through light concealment ( smoke , haze , fog , light rain ) . The thermal scope can be quite useful in places with snow as the large contrast in temperatures between the snow ( inherently cold ) and any heat source ( such as humans ) make it very easy to distinguish between the two .
HMS London ( 1766 ) HMS " London " was a 90 - gun second - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 24 May 1766 at Chatham Dockyard . " London " was originally launched as a 90 - gun ship , as was standard for second rates at the time , but was later increased to 98 - guns when she had eight 12 pounders installed on her quarterdeck . She was Sir Thomas Graves ' flagship at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 . In the Action of 18 October 1782 , she was raked by " Scipion " and had to let her escape . French Revolutionary Wars . She participated in the Battle of Groix in 1795 . Next , " London " participated in an abortive invasion of Ferrol . On 29 August 1800 , in Vigo Bay , Admiral Sir Samuel Hood assembled a cutting - out party from the vessels under his command consisting of two boats each from , , , and , four boats from , as well as the boats from , " London " and " Impetueux " . The party went in and after a 15 - minute fight captured the French privateer " Guêpe " , of Bordeaux and towed her out . She was of 300 tons burthen and had a flush deck . Pierced for 20 guns , she carried eighteen 9 - pounders , and she and her crew of 161 men were under the command of Citizen Dupan . In the attack she lost 25 men killed , including Dupan , and 40 wounded . British casualties amounted to four killed , 23 wounded and one missing . A first - class share of the prize money was worth ₤42 19s 6½d ; a fifth - class share , that of an able seaman , was worth 1s 9½d . In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp " 29 Aug . Boat Service 1800 " to all surviving claimants from the action . She was present at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 , as part of Sir Hyde Parker ' s reserve fleet . Napoleonic Wars . At the Action of 13 March 1806 , " London " captured the French ship of the line " Marengo " . In 1808 , she helped escort the Portuguese royal family in its flight from Portugal to Brazil . Fate . " London " was broken up in 1811 .
Robert Blake ( Medal of Honor ) Robert Blake was a Union Navy sailor during the American Civil War and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration , the Medal of Honor . Blake was the second African American to perform a Medal of Honor action ; William Harvey Carney was the first . Blake was the first African American to actually " receive " a Medal of Honor - his was presented to him in 1864 , while Carney did not receive his until 1900 . But , because Carney ' s Medal of Honor action occurred first , Carney , not Blake , is usually credited with being the first African American Medal of Honor recipient . Bio . Robert Blake was born into slavery in Santee , South Carolina . In June 1862 , his owner ' s plantation was burned during a Union naval expedition up the Santee River . About 400 slaves from the plantation , including Blake , were taken as contraband onto Union ships and sent to North Island in Winyah Bay . While on North Island , Blake answered a call for twenty single men to serve on the . By December 25 , 1863 , Blake had been transferred to the gunboat and was serving as a steward to Lieutenant Commander Richard Worsam Meade . Early that morning , in the Stono River , the " Marblehead " came under fire from a Confederate howitzer at Legareville on Johns Island . As Lieutenant Commander Meade jumped from his bed and ran onto the quarter deck to give the order to return fire , Blake followed behind him , handed him his uniform , and urged him to change out of his night clothes . Blake then went to the ship ' s gun deck and was immediately knocked down by an exploding Confederate shell . The explosion had killed a powder - boy manning one of the guns . Blake had no assigned combat role and could have retreated to relative safety below decks , but he instead chose to take over the powder boy ' s duties . He stripped to the waist and began running powder boxes to the gun loaders . When Lieutenant Commander Mead asked him what he was doing , he replied " Went down to the rocks to hide my face , but the rocks said there is no hiding place here . So here I am , Sir . " The Confederates eventually abandoned their position , leaving a gun behind . For his actions during the firefight , Blake was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on April 16 , 1864 . Blake was later promoted to seaman and re - enlisted for another term in the Navy . During his second enlistment , he served again on the USS " Vermont " . Nothing is known of his further life . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Contraband , U . S . Navy . Entered service at : Virginia . G . O . No . : 32 , April 16 , 1864 . Accredited to : Virginia . Citation : On board the U . S . Steam Gunboat " Marblehead " off Legareville , Stono River , 25 December 1863 , in an engagement with the enemy on John ' s Island . Serving the rifle gun , Blake , an escaped slave , carried out his duties bravely throughout the engagement which resulted in the enemy ' s abandonment of positions , leaving a caisson and one gun behind .
Battle of Seonghwan The Battle of Seonghwan ( ) was the first major land battle of the First Sino - Japanese War . It took place on 29 July 1894 at Seonghwan , outside of Cheonan , Chungcheongnam - do Korea between the forces of Meiji Japan and Qing China . It is sometimes also referred to as the Battle of Asan ( Japanese : 牙山作戦 ) . Battle . Charged with implementing the Imperial Japanese Army ' s commission from new Korean government to expel the Chinese Beiyang Army from Korean territory by force , a detachment of the Japanese First Army consisting of 4000 men under command of Major General Ōshima Yoshimasa marched south from Seoul towards the major port city of Asan . The Chinese forces stationed at Seonghwan numbered approximately 3880 men under General Nie Shicheng , and had anticipated the impending arrival of the Japanese by fortifying their position with trenches , earthworks ( including six redoubt s protected by abatis ) , and by flooding surrounding rice fields . However , reinforcements , expected from China , had been lost in the naval Battle of Pungdo on 25 July 1894 . The Japanese began their attack with a small diversionary force consisting of four companies of infantry and one of engineers attacking Chinese positions on the night of 28 July 1894 from the front , while the main force of nine companies of infantry , one of cavalry and a battalion of artillery outflanked the Chinese defenses by crossing the Ansong River . The battle lasted from approximately 0330 – 0530 hours on the early morning of 28 July 1894 . The defenders , after a sharp engagement , were unable to hold Seonghwan , and fled to Asan , ten miles to the southwest , leaving behind a considerable amount of weapons and stores . The Japanese forces pursued the Chinese to the city of Asan , but the surprise defeat at Seonghwan had a strong impact on Chinese morale , and the Japanese took Asan with relatively little resistance by 1500 hours on 29 July 1894 . Surviving Chinese forces fled towards Pyongyang . Chinese casualties included 500 killed and wounded against 82 for the Japanese . Aftermath . The defeat of the Chinese forces at Asan broke the possibility of a Chinese encirclement of the Korean capital of Seoul . The victorious Japanese army returned to Seoul on 5 August 1894 . Following this battle , formal declarations of war were issued by the Emperor of China and the Emperor of Japan .
Conscription in the Philippines Conscription in the Philippines has been implemented at several points in the country ' s history . At present , no mandatory conscription is in effect in the Philippines and military service is voluntary . Conscription , however , remains a possibility as Section 4 , Article II of the Constitution of the Philippines states : In addition , the National Service Training Program , instituted by virtue of Republic Act 9163 , is a training program for national service , wherein both male and female college students of any baccalaureate degree course or technical vocational course in public or private educational institutions are obliged to undergo one of three program components for an academic period of two semesters . History . Mandatory military service has been employed several times over the course of Philippine history . Spanish Empire . During Spanish colonial rule , Filipinos were drafted for military service and deployed as auxiliary force s both in local and foreign campaigns of the Spanish Empire . One author states that the Spanish friars supervised the conscription of parishioners into the colonial army . The Spaniards evidently commended the Filipinos ' military service , citing them as excellent soldiers in campaigns such as the taking of Ternate . During the first phase of the Philippine Revolution ( 1896 - 1897 ) , more than 17 , 000 native Filipinos were in the Spanish order of battle , 60 % of which were made up of members of the " Guardia Civil " . Philippine Commonwealth . Conscription was introduced prior to World War II during the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935 with a term of enlistment of 5 and a half months . President Manuel L . Quezon issued Executive Order No . 207 in 1939 in order to implement the National Defense Act of 1935 , otherwise known as Commonwealth Act No . 1 , the embodiment of the national defense plan formulated by General Douglas MacArthur for the Philippine Commonwealth . This executive order made ROTC obligatory at all colleges and universities with a total enrollment of 100 students and greater . This measure was made in order to help fill out the reserve force requirement of 400 , 000 men by 1946 and especially for junior reserve officers . However , after a trip to Tokyo in 1939 , Quezon concluded that Japan was much too powerful and that the Filipinos could not effectively defend their homeland . He therefore curtailed MacArthur ' s military preparedness program by halting conscription and reducing by half the number of reserves in training . Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos . Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on 21 September 1972 . He issued at least two Presidential Decree s governing the terms of conscription of trainees into selective emergency military service , one for a period of 12 months in 1973 and another for a period of 18 months in 1974 .
League of Armed Neutrality League of Armed Neutrality refers to one of two alliance s of European naval powers ( 1780 – 1783 and 1800 – 1801 ) , both intended to protect neutral shipping against the Royal Navy ' s wartime policy of unlimited search of neutral shipping for French contraband . Accounts of the times also refer to these alliances simply as the Armed Neutrality .
General Crook House The General George Crook House Museum is located at 5730 North 30th Street in Fort Omaha . The Fort is located in the Miller Park neighborhood of North Omaha , Nebraska , United States . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 , and is a contributing property to the Fort Omaha Historic District . History . In 1878 , General George Crook moved headquarters for the Department of the Platte from downtown Omaha to Fort Omaha . The General Crook home was built in 1879 to be the residence of the Commander . Constructed in an Italianate design , the building consists of two stories with a grand garden surrounding it . Crowned by hipped roofs , the building is asymmetrical in plan and is in good condition . A long one - story porch projects from its eastern facade . General George Crook was the only Commander to occupy the home , as the Department was disbanded after his tenure . In November , 1879 , Crook and his wife entertained General and Mrs . Ulysses S . Grant at the home . In September 1880 , President Rutherford B . Hayes stayed there while he was reviewing the troops at the Fort . After Crook left Fort Omaha , the house served as a home to each of the subsequent commanders of the Fort . In 1905 , the house was used as an officer ' s club and mess hall . In 1930 , it was converted back to a post commander ' s residence , serving until the Fort was closed in 1973 . The Crook House is the oldest structure built as a private residence in Omaha . The building was named a Nebraska State Historical Site in 1970 . Currently . The Douglas County Historical Society restored the house in the 1980s , refurbishing it with period furniture and restoring its heirloom Victorian gardens . Today , it is open to the public for tours and for special events .
Guerilla war in the Baltic states Guerilla war in the Baltic states refers to the armed struggle against Soviet rule that spanned from 1944 to the mid - 1950s . After the conquest of the Baltic territories by the Soviets in 1944 , an insurgency involving national partisans started . According to some estimates , 10 , 000 partisans in Estonia , 10 , 000 partisans in Latvia and 30 , 000 partisans in Lithuania and many more supporters were involved . This war continued as an organised struggle until 1956 when the superiority of the Soviet military caused the native population to adopt other forms of resistance . While estimates related to the extent of partisan movement vary , but there seems to be a consensus among researchers that by international standards , the Baltic guerrilla movements were extensive . Proportionally , the partisan movement in the post - war Baltic states was of a similar size as the Viet Cong movement in South Vietnam .
War in Ingushetia The War in Ingushetia began in 2007 as an escalation of an insurgency in Ingushetia connected to the separatist conflict in Chechnya . The conflict has been described as a civil war by local human rights activists and opposition politicians ; others have referred to it as an uprising . By mid - 2009 Ingushetia had surpassed Chechnya as the most violent of the North Caucasus republics . History . In 2008 Magomed Yevloyev , owner of the highly critical opposition website Ingushetia . ru , was killed while in police custody . The aftermath of the killing was marked by an upsurge in separatist activity and animosity towards Russia and Russians among the Ingush population . At the center of this controversy was the deeply unpopular President Murat Zyazikov , a former KGB general who was criticized both by human rights groups and by some in the Russian government . The Ingush Interior Minister Musa Medov was targeted by a suicide bomber in October 2008 . Eventually , Zyazikov was asked to resign . On 30 October 2008 Russian president Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree to remove Zyazikov from office and replace him with Lieutenant Colonel Yunus - bek Yevkurov . This was hailed by the Ingush opposition as a victory . However , the violence did not end . According to police sources , nearly 50 people ( including 27 rebels , 18 policemen and two civilians ) died in the almost daily clashes in this small republic ( less than 500 , 000 inhabitants ) in the first three months of 2009 . Assassinations and attempted assassinations of high - profile figures continued . On 10 June 2009 Aza Gazgireeva , the Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia , was gunned down , and on 13 June former Deputy Prime Minister Bashir Aushev was shot dead outside his home . Ingush President Yevkurov was seriously wounded in a suicide bomb attack on 22 June , and Construction Minister Ruslan Amerkhanov was shot dead in his office in August . In October 2010 , the Islamist group Ingush Jamaat announced a moratorium on killing police officers ; according to President Yevkurov , 400 police officers had been killed in Ingushetia in the five years to 2 October 2010 .
Burn notice ( document ) A burn notice is an official statement issued by an intelligence agency to other agencies . It states that an asset or intelligence source is unreliable for one or more reasons , often fabrication . This is essentially a directive for the recipient to disregard or " burn " all information derived from that individual or group . See also . Fabricator ( intelligence )
Gransden Lodge Airfield Gransden Lodge Airfield is a former wartime airfield located west of Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , England . The Cambridge University Gliding Club ( now Cambridge Gliding Centre ) moved to Gransden Lodge in October 1991 , having previously shared Duxford Airfield with the Imperial War Museum Duxford . History . Gransden Lodge opened in April 1942 as an operational RAF Bomber Command station called RAF Gransden Lodge with three concrete runways . At the end of 1945 the airfield was transferred to Transport Command but the last operational squadron was disbanded in February 1946 . The RAF station closed in 1955 and it was also used for some motor races , including the 1st postwar motor race in the UK on the 13th July 1947 . Current use . The Cambridge Gliding Centre now uses the airfield .
Novi Zrin Novi Zrin was a fortress of family Zrinski ( Zrínyi in Hungarian ) built in the northernmost part of Croatia ( at the border to Hungary ) on the mouth of river Mura into Drava between 1661 - 1664 . Its purpose should have been to stop the Ottoman military forces to advance further into Croatia . The Ottomans attacked it several times from 1662 to 1664 , but did not manage to conquer it . Finally , at the beginning of June 1664 a large Ottoman army , numbering up to 100 . 000 men , led personally by the Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha , besieged it and destroyed on 7 July 1664 .
Fortaleza Ozama The Fortaleza Ozama ( in Spanish ; Ozama Fortress in English ) is a sixteenth - century castle built by the Spanish at the entrance to Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic and overlooking the Ozama River . Named after this river , the castle , also referred to as " La Fortaleza " or " The Fortress " , is the oldest formal military construction of European origin in America . An impressive architectural structure of medieval style and design , the Tower of Homage ( Spanish : Torre del Homenaje ) stands in the center of the grounds . The castle was designed to guard the entrance to the port of Santo Domingo and defend the city from seaborne enemies . Construction began in 1502 and it was completed in 1505 . The gate on Calle Damas was originally built in 1608 . The castle was well - built enough to serve as a prison until the 1960s . When the prison was closed , the " Fortaleza " was opened to the public . It is at the end of Las Damas Street .
Dieudonné Kayembe Mbandakulu Dieudonne Kayembe Mbandakulu Tshisuma ( born April 9 , 1945 ) was the Chief of General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo . Since June 12 , 2007 , he has the rank of Lieutenant General . Dieudonne Kayembe was born on April 9 , 1945 at Élisabethville , Haut - Katanga District . He attended primary school at the Athénée de Lubumbashi , which he followed with secondary schooling at Mbuji - Mayi in Kasai - Oriental Province . He later entered the prestigious École spéciale militaire de Saint - Cyr officer academy , in France . After he finished that training , he was admitted to a branch school , specifically the Cavalry School at Saumur , still in France . Since that time pursuing a military career , Kayembe entered , later on , after passing the entrance exam , the Command and General Staff College at Fort Knox , in the United States . Following his training in that school he received his staff officer ’ s brevet . Career . After the arrival in power of Laurent Kabila in May 1997 , then - Colonel Kayembe was named deputy director of the Defence Minister ’ s office , and promoted to Brigadier General . He was named successively Vice - Minister of Defence and ( then ? ) of Reconstruction . Chief of Staff of the HQ of the Congolese Armed Forces in 2002 , he later assumed the functions of Director - General of the Military Detection of Unpatriotic Activities ( DEMIAP ) , the Congolese military intelligence service . On June 12 , 2007 he was raised in grade to Lieutenant General and named eighteenth Chief of Staff of the FARDC by President Joseph Kabila , supreme commander of the armed forces . He was replaced in 2008 by General Didier Etumba .
16th Battalion , Royal Western Australia Regiment The 16th Battalion , Royal Western Australia Regiment ( 16 RWAR ) is an Australian Army reserve infantry battalion located in Western Australia and one of the two battalions of the Royal Western Australia Regiment . History . The 16th Battalion was originally raised in September 1914 . It was landed at Gallipoli the following year , also seeing service in France . The battalion was disbanded at the end of the war , then reraised as a Citizen Military Force unit . It amalgamated with the 11th Battalion in 1930 . A new 16th Battalion was raised in 1936 as the Cameron Highlanders of Western Australia . This battalion formed part of the garrison of Darwin in 1943 and took part in the New Britain Campaign from November 1944 until the end of the war . 16 RWAR currently forms part of the 13th Brigade and maintains the battle honours of all the previous 16th Battalions , including the 16th Battalion , AIF , which served in the First World War , and the 16th Battalion ( Cameron Highlanders of Western Australia ) and 2 / 16th Battalion , both of which served in the Second World War .
1947 Jerusalem riots The 1947 Jerusalem Riots occurred following the vote in the UN General Assembly in favour of the 1947 UN Partition Plan on 29 November 1947 . The Arab Higher Committee declared a three - day strike and public protest to begin on 2 December 1947 , in protest at the vote . Arabs marching to Zion Square on December 2 were stopped by the British , and the Arabs instead turned towards the commercial center of the City at Mamilla and Jaffa Road , burning many buildings and shops . Violence continued for two more days , with a number of Jewish neighborhoods being attacked . A consequence of the violence was the decision by the Haganah Jewish paramilitary organization to use force to " stop future attacks on Jews " . The Irgun had conducted armed attacks aimed against population of nearby Arab villages and a bombing campaign against Arab civilians . On December 12 , Irgun militants placed a bomb at the Damascus Gate that killed 20 passersby .