naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German submarine U - 100 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 100 " was a Type VIIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She , given her short - lived existence , was one of the most successful and deadly U - Boats to have served in the conflict . Combat record . First patrol . The boat was launched on 10 April 1940 , with a crew of 53 , under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Joachim Schepke . On her first active patrol , " U - 100 " came into contact with two Allied convoys , OA - 198 and OA - 204 . She shadowed both convoys with the following results : Second patrol . " U - 100 " departed for her second active patrol on 11 September 1940 , coming into contact with the Allied convoy HX 72 , with the following results : Third patrol . After resupplying , " U - 100 " departed for her third active patrol on 12 October 1940 . She came into contact with two Allied convoys , HX - 79 and SC - 7 , with the following results : Fourth patrol . " U - 100 " departed on her fourth patrol on 7 November 1940 . On 22 November She came into contact with the Allied convoy SC - 11 and began to shadow it with the following results : Fifth patrol . " U - 100 " left for her fifth active patrol on 2 December 1940 , sinking two vessels from convoy OB - 256 , then a third solo vessel . They were : Sixth and final patrol . " U - 100 " departed on her sixth and what would be her final patrol on 9 March 1941 . She approached convoy HX 112 from astern in the pre - dawn hours of 17 March , but was detected at a range of 1 , 000 meters by the Type 286 RADAR aboard . " U - 100 " was the first U - boat to be so discovered during World War II ; she was rammed and sunk by " Vanoc " while attempting to submerge . Another destroyer , HMS " Walker " , was also present . Six of the boat ' s 53 crew - members survived , spending the remainder of the war as POW s . Schepke was not one of them . .
USS L - 10 ( SS - 50 ) USS " L - 10 " ( SS - 50 ) was an " L " - class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 17 February 1915 by Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy , Massachusetts . She was launched on 16 March 1916 sponsored by Miss Catherine Rush , and commissioned on 2 August 1916 with Lieutenant ( junior grade ) J . C . Van de Carr in command . Service history . Assigned to the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla , " L - 10 " operated along the United States East Coast until April 1917 developing new techniques or undersea warfare . Following the United States ' s entry into World War I , submarines were needed to protect Allied shipping lanes to Europe . After an extensive overhaul , preparing her for the task ahead , " L - 10 " departed Newport , Rhode Island , on 4 December , reaching the Azores on 19 December . She patrolled waters off the Azores for the next month before joining Submarine Division 5 in the British Isles in January 1918 . Based in Britain throughout the rest of the war , " L - 10 " and the other ships of her division conducted anti - U - boat patrols . After the Armistice with Germany on 11 November , " L - 10 " remained in England until sailing for the United States on 3 January 1919 . Arriving Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 1 February , the submarine operated along the Atlantic coast for the next four years , developing submarine warfare tactics . " L - 10 " decommissioned at Philadelphia on 5 May 1922 , and was sold on 31 July 1922 to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia .
Tumansky M - 87 The Tumansky M - 87 was a Soviet air - cooled aircraft radial engine that was developed in the late 1930s . Development . In 1934 , USSR licensed the French Gnome - Rhone 14K aircraft engine producing 800 hp ( 595 kW ) , which entered production as the M - 85 . The engine was subsequently modified to M - 86 which produced 960 hp ( 715 kW ) at takeoff thanks to increased supercharging and a higher compression ratio . The M - 87 was created to further increase the power output . Cylinders and pistons were revised to increase the compression ratio and the supercharger was redesigned . The resulting engine had better high - altitude performance and entered production in 1938 . However , the engine proved unreliable and suffered from failure of gears in the reduction gearbox . Later the M - 88 was designed to address the shortcomings of the M - 87 . At first the M - 88 was not a success , but the designers persisted , and the M - 88 was made into a reliable and widely produced engine . The M - 87 was used in Ilyushin Il - 4 and Sukhoi Su - 2 bombers , and the Polikarpov I - 180 fighter . In hindsight the Tumansky family of engines developed from Gnome - Rhône 9K and Gnome - Rhône 14K , were far less successful than the Shvetsov family of engines developed from the Wright R - 1820 .
QF 4 . 7 inch Mk V naval gun The QF 4 . 7 inch Gun Mark V originated as a 120 - mm 45 calibres long naval gun produced for export by the Elswick Ordnance Company in the 1890s and used by various countries . United Kingdom service . The Royal Navy did not adopt the gun , but several were adopted by the army as coast defence guns around the United Kingdom from 1900 onwards . During World War I , the UK acquired 620 of a version of the guns manufactured in Japan , and mounted them as anti - submarine guns on merchant ships and troop ships , under the designation Mark V * . Many of these guns were again used in World War II to arm merchant ships and troop ships . Notable actions . On 10 March 1917 the crew of a single gun on the merchant ship SS " Otaki " fought a notable action against the heavily - armed German commerce raider SMS " Möewe " . They managed to set the " Möewe " on fire and inflicted severe damage before the " Otaki " was sunk . " Otaki ' s " commander Archibald Bisset Smith went down with his ship and was eventually awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross for refusing to surrender his ship .
Matthew Bennett ( historian ) Matthew Bennett ( born 1954 ) is a historian specialising in Medieval warfare . He holds the post of Senior Lecturer in the Department of Communication and Applied Behavioural Science at The Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst , UK , where he has taught since 1984 . He holds a degree in History and an MA in Medieval History from King ' s College , London , where he studied under R . Allen Brown , and is a fellow of both the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Historical Society . In 2011 he was awarded a PhD By Means of Published Works by the University of Northampton . He is the author and editor of numerous books and articles on Medieval warfare . References .
Bucktails The Bucktails may refer to one of two organizations that were particularly characterized and identified by the wearing of the tail of a buck ( male deer ) in their hat . 1 ) The Bucktails ( 1818 – 1826 ) were the faction of the Democratic - Republican Party in New York State opposed to the canal policy of Governor DeWitt Clinton . It was influenced by the Tammany Society . The name derives from a Tammany insignia , a deer ' s tail worn in the hat . The name was in use as early as 1791 when a bucktail worn on the headgear was adopted as the " official badge " of the Tammany Society . The wearing of the bucktail was said to have been suggested by its appearance in the costume of the Tammany Indians in the vicinity of New York . 2 ) Also , during the American Civil War , the members of the 13th Pennsylvania Reserves were widely known in the Union Army as Bucktails because each soldier wore a bucktail in his hat . The flagstaff of the companies which formed the nucleus of this regiment was a green hickory pole surmounted by a bucktail .
Zeppelin - Staaken Riesenflugzeuge The Zeppelin - Staaken Riesenflugzeuge ( ) were a series of very large bomber aircraft , usually powered by four or more engines , designed and built in Germany from 1915 to 1919 . Design and development . The first Zeppelin - Staaken R - planes were designed by Ferdinand von Zeppelin , aided by Robert Bosch GmbH ( engineers ) , the V . G . O . I , " ( Versuchsbau Gotha - Ost ) " , was built at Gothaer Waggonfabrik due to lack of facilities at the Zeppelin works , hence the V . G . O . Designator . This large aircraft set the seal on what was to come , with a 42 . 2m ( 138 ft 5in ) wingspan it was very large by the standards of 1915 . Other design traits were : nacelle - mounted engines , with the nacelles suspended between the mainplanes either side of the fuselage , with accommodation for engineers and / or gunners ; an engine installed in the nose ; tricycle undercarriage with the aircraft able to stand nose down or tail down onto a tail - skid ; a box like tail unit with biplane tailplanes and twin fins with rudders , ( some later variants also had a central fin ) . The engine installations differed with each aircraft type but generally followed the layout of a single nose engine , usually driving a two - bladed propeller and engine nacelles either side suspended by struts between the mainplanes each housing two engines in tandem , geared to drive single pusher propellers . Engine installation variations included ; Construction of the aircraft was almost entirely of wood or plywood with fabric covering , steel detail fittings and struts . The wings were three bay strutted and wire - braced assemblies supporting the engine nacelles , at around mid gap and the single axle main undercarriage units . The square - section fuselage , with curved decking forward of the wings , supported the tail unit and nose twin wheel single axle nose undercarriage and housed the majority of the crew , defensive armanent positions , cockpit , cabin , and bomb load . The later versions , especially the " production " R . VI version , used pre - printed lozenge camouflage on their fabric covering in the attempt to " conceal " them on their nighttime operations over the U . K . The engine nacelles consisted of semi - monocoque wooden constructions , with the paired engines amidships , a cockpit for the engineer and defensive gun position for the gunner either forward or behind of the engines depending on whether a pusher or tractor arrangement was used . Aircraft using push - pull nacelles , i . e . individual propellers for each engine , had no provision for defensive armament , just a cockpit for the engineer amidships . Operational history . Flown principally by Rfa500 and Rfa501 of the " Luftstreitkräfte " ( Imperial German Air Service ) on operations , the Zeppelin - Staaken R - planes flew operations over the eastern and western fronts as well as strategic bombing of targets in England and France . Three R . XIVs were built , serialed R 43 / 16 to R 45 / 16 , of which R 43 / 16 was shot down by Capt . Yaille of No . 151 Squadron RAF .
BRP Rafael Pargas ( PG - 379 ) The BRP " Rafael Pargas " ( PG - 379 ) is the ninth ship of the " Jose Andrada " class coastal patrol boats of the Philippine Navy . It is part of the second batch of its class ordered through US Foreign Military Sales ( FMS ) in 1993 , and was commissioned with the Philippine Navy on 1 June 1995 . It was initially designated as Fast Patrol Craft , and was numbered " DF - 379 " , but later on was re - designated as a Patrol Gunboat , and was finally re - numbered as " PG - 379 " . Technical Details . The ship was built to US Coast Guard standards with aluminum hull and superstructure . She is powered by two Detroit Diesel 16V - 92TA Diesel Engines with a combined power of around 2 , 800 hp driving two propellers for a maximum speed of . Maximum range is at , or alternatively at . The ship originally designed to carry one bow Mk . 3 40 mm gun , one 81 mm mortar aft , and four 12 . 7 mm / 50 caliber machine guns . Instead , she is armed with one 25mm Bushmaster chain gun on Mk . 38 Mod . 0 mount , four M2HB Browning 12 . 7 mm / 50 caliber machine guns on Mk . 26 mounts , with two positioned forward and two aft ; and two M60 7 . 62 mm / 30 caliber machine guns , both mounted amidships . The ship can carry 4 , 000 rounds of 12 . 7 mm and 2 , 000 rounds of 7 . 62 mm A large " Big Eyes " binocular is also carried on tripod mounts , one on the forecastle and one just above the mast . As part of the second batch ( PG - 379 to PG - 395 ) , it is equipped with Mk . 38 Mod . 0 M242 Bushmaster 25mm chain gun that the first batch of ships do not carry . She is equipped with a Raytheon AN / SPS - 64 ( V ) 11 surface search and navigation radar but with a smaller antenna as those used in bigger Philippine Navy ships . Like all other Philippine Navy ship , she was installed with the Philippine Navy Vessel Tracking System ( VTS ) by the Naval Sea Systems Command . A 4 - meter rigid inflatable boat powered by a 40 - hp outboard motor is stowed amidships .
Escuela Naval Militar de Oficiales The Escuela Naval Militar de Oficiales ( ENM ) at Marín , Pontevedra , in north - western Spain , is the Spanish institution in charge of training the Spanish Navy ' s officer class , as well as other naval personnel . It has been established here since 1943 , when it was moved from its previous location at San Carlos near San Fernando , Cadiz . Virtually all Spanish naval officers are trained here . According to an unwritten tradition , the Director of the ENM is always promoted to Admiral . The nearby naval stations of Ferrol and La Graña have “ Escuelas Militares ” where almost all of the sub - officers , technicians , sailors and crew of the Spanish Navy are trained .
Battle of the Cranita hills The Battle of the Cranita hills was fought on 277 BC between a Roman and a Samnite army during the Pyrrhic War ( 280 - 275 BC ) . The Samnite people allied with King Pyrrhus of Epirus against the Roman Republic to regain the independence that they had lost during the Roman Samnite wars , but when Pyrrhus left Italy in 278 BC for Sicily , Pyrrhus ' Italian allies were left to defend from the Romans on their own . In 277 , the consuls Publius Cornelius Rufinus and Caius Junius Bubulcus , invaded Samnium devastating the country as they went along , and took several deserted forts . The Samnites had retreated to a range of hills called Cranita , because of the large growth cornel - wood ( crania ) they bore , where they had conveyed their most valuable treasures . Despite the difficulty of the terrain the Romans ascended the hills but the shrubbery that tangled the hills , and the difficult step they had to climb made the Romans easy prey for the Samnite attack which killed and took many prisoners . After their defeat at the Cranita hills , both Roman consuls blamed each other for the debacle and no longer worked together . Junius went on ravaging a portion of Samnium , while Rufinus campaigned against the Lucanians and Bruttians and captured Croton .
Volkhov Front The Volkhov Front ( ) was a Front ( i . e . a military formation of roughly Army Group size ) of the Soviet Army during the first period of the Second World War . It was formed as an expediency of an early attempt to halt the advance of the Wehrmacht Army Group North in its offensive thrust towards Leningrad . Initially the Front would operate to the South of Leningrad metropolitan area , with its flank on Lake Ladoga illustrated by the map of the opening attacks by Soviet Armies in the Tikvin offensive operation below . First formation . The Volkhov Front was formed on 17 December 1941 from the left wing of the Leningrad Front and elements of the Stavka Reserve during the conduct of the Tikhvin Offensive operation under the command of the General of Army Kirill Meretskov , with General Grigory Stelmakh ( former commander of the 4th Army ) as Chief of Staff and Army Commissar 1st Rank A . I . Zaporozhets . Initially Sokolov ' s 26th Army ( later 2nd Shock Army ) and Galanin ' s 59th Armies were allocated to the Front ' s formation . The Front also included Meretskov ' s 4th Army and Klykov ' s 52nd Army ) . The Front ' s air support was provided by the 14th Air Army ( ) of General - Major I . P . Zhuravlev . The 8th Army that was formed in early January was also added to the Front . Initially the Front held a frontage of 250 km . The Front ' s neighbouring formations were the 54th Army of the Leningrad Front ( later incorporated into the Volkbov Front ) and the 11th Army of the North - Western Front . 2nd Shock Army and Vlasov . Andrey Vlasov was named Deputy Commander under Meretskov and in charge of the 2nd Shock Army ( ) . On January 7 , 1942 , he spearheaded the Lubanskaya Offensive operation ( ) offensive to break the Leningrad encirclement . Planned as a combined operation between the Volkhov and Leningrad Fronts on a 30 km frontage , other armies of the Leningrad Front ( including the 54th ) were supposed to participate at scheduled intervals in this operation . Crossing the Volkhov River Vlasov ' s army was successful in breaking through the German Eighteenth Army lines and penetrated 70 – 74 km deep inside the German rear area . The other armies ( Volkhov Front ' s 4th , 52nd , and 59th Armies , 13th Cavalry Corps , and 4th and 6th Guards Rifle Corps ) , however , failed to provide the required support , and Vlasov ' s army became stranded . Permission to retreat was refused . With the counter - offensive in May 1942 , the Second Shock Army was finally allowed to retreat , but by now , too weakened , it was annihilated . Vlasov was taken prisoner by the Wehrmacht troops on July 6 , 1942 . Volkhov Operational Group . The Front was disbanded and its elements reorganised as the Volkhov Operational Group and incorporated into the Leningrad Front on 23 April 1942 . Second formation . The Front was reformed on the 9 June 1942 from the Volkhov Operational Group of the Leningrad Front and served until 15 February 1944 , participating in the relief of the Siege of Leningrad and taking part in other operations including : Campaigns . Winter Campaign on 1942 - 43 Summer Autumn Campaign of 1943 Winter - Spring Campaign of 1944
USS Najelda ( SP - 277 ) USS " Najelda " ( SP - 277 ) was a wooden motor boat , was built in 1907 by N . Emanuel , Brunswick , Georgia , for Capt . F . P . Barry , of New Orleans , Louisiana . She was acquired by the United States Navy on 1 May 1917 , and commissioned on 6 May 1917 . After patrol duty along the Gulf Coast , she was decommissioned on 9 December 1918 , struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 June 1919 , and sold to A . Denapolis , New Orleans , on 30 October 1919 .
Battle of St . Quentin ( 1914 ) The Battle of St . Quentin ( also called the First Battle of Guise ( ) ) was fought during World War I . On the night of 26 August 1914 , the Allies withdrew from Le Cateau to St . Quentin . With retreat all along the line , the commander - in - chief of the French forces , Joseph Joffre , needed the Fifth Army under Charles Lanrezac to hold off the German advance through counterattacking , despite a four - mile separation from the French Fourth Army on the right flank , and the continual retreat of the BEF on the left flank . The movement of Lanrezac ' s five corps took most of 28 August , turning from facing north to facing west against St . Quentin . On 29 August the French Fifth Army attacked St . Quentin with their full force . Due to the capture of orders from a French officer , Bülow was already aware of the counter - offensive , and had time to prepare . The attacks against the town by the XVIII corps met with heavy casualties and little success , but X and III corps on the right were rallied by the commander of I corps , Louis Franchet d ' Esperey . Advances on the right were made successfully against Guise , and forced the Germans , including Bülow ' s elite units of the Guards Corps , to fall back . That night , Joffre issued orders for Lanrezac to resume his retreat and destroy the bridges to the Oise as he fell back . The orders did not reach the Fifth Army until the morning of 30 August , and the retreat began several hours late . However , the move went unchallenged by the German Second Army , which neither attacked nor pursued . The German view of the battle was obscure , as Bülow reported the battle to OHL as a victory , yet sent a staff officer to the German First Army and Alexander von Kluck to report that the army was too tired to follow the French retreat . The stunned German armies recovered and changed their course to push south towards the Marne and Paris .
Treaty of The Hague ( 1701 ) The Treaty of Den Haag ( also known as the Treaty of The Hague ) was signed on September 7 , 1701 between England , the Holy Roman Empire , and the United Provinces . The accord was negotiated by William III of England and signed by Emperor Leopold I and delegates of the United Provinces . Based on the terms of the agreement , Philip V was recognized as the King of Spain while England and the Netherlands retained their commercial rights in Spain . Moreover , Austria acquired Spanish territories in Italy , as well as the Spanish Netherlands , which protected the region from French control . The signatories of the accord also established a defensive alliance against France .
67th Fighter Wing The 67th Fighter Wing was a unit of the United States Air Force for four years , between 1946 and 1950 . It was located at Logan Airport , in Boston , Massachusetts . It is unrelated to the modern 67th Network Warfare Wing . History . World War II . Organized as a command and control organization for Eighth Air Force . Deployed to England in July 1943 and initially was used to organize air defense units . Transferred to VIII Fighter Command and controlled fighter - escort groups for 1st Bombardment Division B - 17 Flying Fortress units engaged in strategic bombardment of enemy targets in Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany . Inactivated in November 1945 . Post war . After the war , the 67th Fighter Wing was activated at Logan Airport in Boston , Massachusetts . The National Guard Bureau began a major expansion of its air units . Massachusetts was allotted the 67th , which consisted of the 101st Fighter Squadron , the 131st Fighter Squadron , the 132nd Fighter Squadron , the 202nd Air Service Group , 601st Signal Construction Company , 101st Communications Squadron , 101st Air Control Squadron , 151st Air Control and Warning Group , 567th Air Force Band , 101st Weather Flight and the 1801st Aviation Engineer Company . The 67th Fighter Wing was assigned to Air Defense Command . The wing was Extended federal recognition and activated on 15 October 1946 . At the end of October 1950 , the Air National Guard converted to the wing - base Hobson Plan organization . As a result , the wing was withdrawn from the Massachusetts ANG and was inactivated on 31 October 1950 . The 102d Fighter Wing was established by the National Guard Bureau , allocated to the commonwealth of Massachusetts , recognized and activated 1 November 1950 ; assuming the personnel , equipment and mission of the inactivated 67th Fighter Wing .
Abel Botelho Abel Acácio de Almeida Botelho ( 23 September 1855 – 1917 ) , born in Tabuaço and deceased in Argentina , was a Portuguese military officer and diplomat , but distinguish himself as a writer . In 1911 , he took part on the commission which chose and approved the draft for what would be the current flag of Portugal .