naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SS Letchworth ( 1942 ) Letchworth was a 2 , 873 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1942 for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) as Empire Caxton . In 1945 she was sold and renamed " Letchworth " . In 1956 she was sold and renamed Peterland . In 1959 , she was sold to Greece and renamed Pamit , being renamed Christos when sold again in 1962 . She served until 1971 when she ran aground and then sank . Description . The ship was built by William Gray & Co . Ltd . , West Hartlepool . She was launched on 31 March 1942 and completed in May . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 2 , 873 and a NRT of 1 , 693 . She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by the Central Marine Engine Works , West Hartlepool . History . " Empire Caxton " was built for the MoWT . She was placed under the management of Martyn , Martyn & Co Ltd . She was allocated the United Kingdom Official Number 168940 . The Code Letters BDVW were allocated and her port of registry was West Hartlepool . " Empire Caxton " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . Convoy SC 141 departed Halifax , Nova Scotia on 3 September 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 17 September . " Empire Cavalier " was carrying a cargo of steel and pit prop s and was bound for the Tyne . Convoy MKS 64 departed from Alexandria , Egypt on 7 October 1944 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Caxton " joined the convoy at Augusta , Italy and left it at Gibraltar . Convoy MKS 65G departed Gibraltar on 29 October 1944 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Caxton " was carrying a cargo of iron ore . Convoy MKS 73G departed Gibraltar on 26 December 1944 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Caxton " was carrying a cargo of iron ore . Convoy MKS 87G departed Casablanca , Morocco on 6 March 1945 bound for the United Kingdom . " Empire Caxton " was carrying a cargo of iron ore . Convoy MKS 100G joined convoy OS 128 on 15 May 1945 . " Empire Caxton " was carrying a cargo of iron ore . In 1945 , " Empire Caxton " was sold to the Watergate Steamship Co Ltd , Newcastle upon Tyne and was renamed " Letchworth " . She was placed under the management of R S Dalgleish Ltd , Newcastle upon Tyne . Her port of registry was changed to Newcastle upon Tyne . In 1956 , " Letchworth " was sold to Sagaland Ltd and was renamed " Peterland " . She was operated under the management of Buries , Markes LTd . In 1959 , " Peterland " was sold to Padre Compagnia Navigazione SA , Greece and renamed " Pamit " . She was operated under the management of A Halcoussis & Co . In 1962 , " Pamit " was sold to Solmare Compania Maritima SA and was renamed " Christos " . She was reflagged to Liberia . " Christos " was operated under the management on T Samourkas , Greece . On 31 March 1971 , she ran aground on Kandeliusa Island , near Kos . Although she was refloated the next day , " Christos " developed a number of leaks and sank at .
USS Grand Rapids ( PF - 31 ) USS " Grand Rapids " ( PF - 31 ) , a , was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Grand Rapids , Michigan . " Grand Rapids " ( PF - 31 ) , formerly designated PG - 139 , was launched at Walter Butler Shipbuilders , Inc . , in Superior , Wisconsin , on 10 September 1943 , sponsored by Mrs . Ted Booth ; and commissioned on 10 October 1944 , with Lieutenant Commander T . F . Knoll , USCG , in command . The ship had been taken down the Mississippi River and outfitted at Plaquemine , Louisiana , before being commissioned at New Orleans . Service history . Outfitted as a weather ship , " Grand Rapids " sailed on 17 October for Bermuda and her shakedown cruise , but was damaged at sea by a hurricane and returned to Algiers , Louisiana , for repairs . After repairs were completed , she proceeded toward Bermuda again on 27 October , and after her shakedown training put in at Boston , Massachusetts , on 4 December 1944 . " Grand Rapids " steamed out of Boston on 6 January 1945 for duty as a weather picket ship off Newfoundland . " Grand Rapids " operated as a weather ship out of NS Argentia until returning to Boston on 6 June 1945 . The ship soon sailed for her station on 7 July , and continued sending vital weather reports for the North Atlantic area until finally returning to Boston on 15 January 1946 . " Grand Rapids " decommissioned at Boston on 10 April 1946 , was sold to Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company , Chester , Pennsylvania , on 14 April 1947 , and subsequently scrapped .
Shikishima ( PLH 31 ) The " Shikishima " ( PLH 31 ) is the largest patrol vessel of the Japan Coast Guard , and in the world . She was built by Ishikawajima - Harima Heavy Industries Tokyo . Planned to guard plutonium transport ships , the " Shikishima " is the largest and heaviest - equipped patrol vessel of the JCG . With her cruising capacity , she can make voyages from Japan to Europe without making any calls . She is the only JCG ship equipped with anti - air radar and Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon s , so she has increased anti - air firepower . Usually , PL ( Patrol vessels , Large ) have only a navigation radar and a single - mounted 35mm or 40mm autocanon . And the JM61 20mm Vulcan on the single - mounted Remote weapon system later became a model for the 20mm RFS ( Remote Firing System ) , which is on modern PMs and PSs such as the Tsurugi class PS . The OPS - 14 2D air search radar is the Japanese counterpart of the American AN / SPS - 49 . At present , she is frequently sent on long cruises to Southeast Asia to foster international cooperation against piracy in the Strait of Malacca . She is also assigned to the policing mission of Senkaku Islands because of her cruising capacity . The JCG appreciate her capability , so they have been planning to build two more vessels based on this design
Montgomery Meigs Montgomery Cunningham Meigs ( born January 11 , 1945 in Annapolis , Maryland ) is a retired United States Army General . He is the great - great - great grandnephew of Montgomery C . Meigs He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York in 1967 . He served as a cavalry troop commander in the Vietnam War . After study at the University of Wisconsin – Madison and a year at the Army ' s Command and General Staff College , he taught in the History Department at West Point and spent the 1981 – 82 academic year at Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an International Affairs Fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations . He received his PhD in history from Wisconsin in 1982 before reporting to 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment as its executive officer . In 1984 , General Meigs commanded the 1st Squadron , 1st Armored Cavalry Regiment . Following a stint at the National War College as an Army Fellow , he worked as a strategic planner on the Joint Staff in Washington , D . C . for three years . Returning to Germany , he assumed command of the 2nd Brigade , 1st Armored Division on September 26 , 1990 and commanded it through Desert Storm . He subsequently commanded the 7th Army Training Command in Grafenwoehr and served as Chief of Staff of V Corps and Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations of the U . S . Army , Europe , and 7th Army . General Meigs commanded the 3rd Infantry Division from July 1995 until its reflagging as the 1st Infantry Division in February 1996 . In October 1996 , he deployed with the 1st Infantry Division to Bosnia , serving nine months in command of NATO ' s Multi - National Division ( North ) in Operations Joint Endeavor and Joint Guard . He commanded the NATO Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina from October 23 , 1998 to October 1999 , concurrent with his command of U . S . Army Europe / 7th Army . After Meigs left active military service , he was a professor at the Maxwell School at Syracuse University and served as a military consultant to The Pentagon . He is currently Visiting Professor of Strategy and Military Operations at Georgetown University ' s School of Foreign Service . In December 2007 , he left his previous position as the director of the U . S . Department of Defense ' s Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization ( JIEDDO ) . Starting January 1 , 2010 , he is the president and CEO of Business Executives for National Security ( BENS ) , a national security public interest group . Awards and decorations . His awards include the Army Distinguished Service Medal , the Bronze Star with V device , and the Purple Heart .
Flettner Fl 265 The Flettner Fl 265 was an experimental helicopter designed by Anton Flettner . Design and development . This helicopter , developed in 1938 with the support of the German Navy , made it possible , for the first time , to transition from powered rotary - wing flight to autorotation and back again , making it the safest helicopter of its time . In contrast to the Fl 185 , the Fl 265 , believed to be the pioneering example of a synchropter , had two intermeshing rotors 12 m in diameter , powered by a BMW - Bramo Sh 14 A radial engine in the nose of the fuselage , fitted with a fan to assist cooling . Six helicopters were constructed , but series production was curtailed in favour of the Flettner Fl 282 .
French Flower - class corvette French Flower - class corvettes were those ships of the Flower class built for , or operated by , the French Navy and Free French Naval Forces in World War II . Construction history . At the outbreak of World War II the " Maritime Nationale " ( French Navy ) needed ships for anti - submarine warfare ( ASW ) and , following the Royal Navy ' s example , placed orders from Smiths Dock in South Bank , Middlesbrough for four ASW corvettes . Smiths had developed plans for a basic ASW vessel , using merchant ship equipment and machinery , that could be mass - produced in Merchant shipyards . Following this the " Maritime Nationale " ordered a further 18 ships , to be built at a number of British and French shipyards . These were identical to the British " Flowers " except that French and 13 . 2 mm AA guns were to be fitted . The Fall of France in June 1940 brought a drastic change to these building programmes . Of the original four , only one , " La Bastiase " , was completed . On 22 June 1940 , the day of France ' s capitulation , she was undergoing sea trials in the North Sea when she struck a mine off Hartlepool and sank . Of the others , " La Malouine " was taken over as she was by the Royal Navy ( RN ) on completion , while the other two were taken over and renamed . Of the second order , the 12 ships under construction in Britain were taken over by the RN ; all were renamed and given Flower names in keeping with the class . The six ships under construction in France all fell into German hands . Building continued slowly , and by 1944 , four had been completed for use by the German " Kriegsmarine " . These ships underwent a number of changes to reflect changes in role and circumstances . They were rated as patrol gunboat s and commissioned as " PA - 1 " to " 4 " . After the creation of the Free French Naval Forces ( FNFL ) the RN transferred a number of ships to the FNFL . These included eight Flowers , all transferred and renamed on completion . Some retained a Flower name while others took the names that honoured French naval heroes . These ships , in French and in British service , saw action throughout the Atlantic campaign and performed sterling work . Two of the French , and one of the British vessels were lost in action , while three of them , two French and one British , were successful in sinking U - boats .
Transportation 9 - 11 Medal The Transportation 9 - 11 Medal is a special decoration of the U . S . Department of Transportation which was first created in 2002 . The decoration recognizes those civilians and members of the military who performed heroic deeds and valorous accomplishments in the immediate aftermath of the September 11 , 2001 attacks on the United States of America . The Transportation 9 - 11 Medal is not a simple service decoration , but rather recognizes individual acts of bravery that resulted in the saving of life or great assistance to the rescue efforts from the September 11th attacks . A separate military decoration , the Transportation 9 - 11 Ribbon , is presented to members of the U . S . military for general aid and assistance to the victims of the September 11th attacks . The 9 - 11 Medal is a one time decoration and is authorized for wear by both civilians and members of the U . S military .
Riegner Telegram The Riegner Telegram was a message sent on 8 August 1942 by Gerhart Riegner , then Secretary of World Jewish Congress , Geneva . The cable " confirmed the seemingingly inconclusive information about the [ German ] mass murder that had reached the West previously . " Gutman , Israel , ed . Encyclopedia of the Holocaust . New York : Mamillan Publishing Co . , 1990 . S . v . “ Riegner Cable , ” Yehuda Bauer . Riegner was office manager of the WJC in Geneva . He was informed about the German plans for the final solution by German industrialist Eduard Schulte . Through his British and American diplomatic channels , Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise of the American Jewish Congress in New York and Samuel Silverman , a Jewish Member of Parliament and Chairman of the British Section , World Jewish Congress . Riegner sent the following message to his contacts via the British Foreign Office and the State Department in Washington : Received alarming report stating that , in the Fuehrer ' s Headquarters , a plan has been discussed , and is under consideration , according to which all Jews in countries occupied or controlled by Germany numbering 3½ to 4 millions should , after deportation and concentration in the East , be at one blow exterminated , in order to resolve , once and for all the Jewish question in Europe . Action is reported to be planned for the autumn . Ways of execution are still being discussed including the use of prussic acid . We transmit this information with all the necessary reservation , as exactitude cannot be confirmed by us . Our informant is reported to have close connexions with the highest German authorities , and his reports are generally reliable . Please inform and consult New York . However , in England and the United States , Riegner ' s telegram was met with disbelief . The US State Department considered the telegram " a wild rumor , fueled by Jewish anxieties " while the British Foreign Office didn ' t forward the telegram for the time being . Only on the 28 August 1942 did it find its way to the President of the World Jewish Congress , Rabbi Stephen Wise , who decided to not make it public . Early in 1944 , Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau , Jr . stated in front of President Roosevelt that " certain officials in our State Department " had failed while it would have been commanded by duty to " prevent the extermination of the Jews in German - controlled Europe " .
DSRV - 2 Avalon DSRV - 2 " Avalon " is a " Mystic " class Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle that is rated to dive up to 5000 feet ( 1500 m ) . The submarine was acquired in response to the loss of the so that the Navy would have a way to rescue submarine crews trapped far beneath the ocean surface . " Avalon " was launched in 1971 . The submarine , intended to be air transportable , was long , in diameter , and weighed 37 tons . The sub was capable of descending to below the surface and could carry 24 passengers at a time in addition to its crew . The sub was stationed at North Island Naval Station in San Diego and was never required to conduct an actual rescue operation . " Avalon " was decommissioned in 2000 . The submarine may be donated to the Naval Undersea Museum .
Zastava M21 The Zastava M21 is a series of 5 . 56mm firearm s developed and manufactured by Zastava Arms . Overview . The M21 is based on the AK - 47 Kalashnikov principle , chambered in the 5 . 56×45mm cartridge . Like many modern assault rifles , the M21 can incorporate picatinny rails for mounting accessories like optics , vertical grips , bipods , etc . The Zastava M21 is gas operated with a rotating bolt locking system . It features a hard chromium - plated , cold forged standard rifled or an optional polygonal rifled barrel , integrated 22mm flash hider grenade launcher , rigid metal folding stock , heavy - duty synthetic handguard with an additional left hand side fire selector , cover mounted picatinny rail for optical sights . The rifle can also mount a 40mm under - barrel grenade launcher . It has a magazine capacity of 30 rounds . The cyclic rate of fire is 680 rounds per minute , and the sustained rate of fire is 120 rounds / min . Barrels The regular barrel has six grooves with a right - hand twist . An octagonal polygonal version is also available and has four grooves with a right - hand twist ( M21B ) . Barrels are also hard chrome plated to provide a longer service life . The rifle has conventional iron sights that consist of a front post and a flip - up rear sight with 300m and 500m apertures . A set of picatinny rail s on the hand guard can mount various optoelectronic devices . The M21 is a modular weapon , with configuration dependent on the task and mission . Optical sights : Optoelectronic devices : Variants . The M21 comes in several assault rifle and submachine gun variants :
BMW R75 The BMW R75 is a World War II - era motorcycle and sidecar combination produced by the German company BMW . In the 1930s BMW were producing a number of popular and highly effective motorcycles . In 1938 development of the R75 started in response to a request from the German Army . Preproduction models of the R75 were powered by a 750 cc side valve engine , which was based on the R71 engine . However it was quickly found necessary to design an all new OHV 750 cc engine for the R75 unit . This OHV engine later proved to be the basis for subsequent post - war twin BMW engines like the R51 / 3 , R67 and R68 . The third side - car wheel was driven with an axle connected to the rear wheel of the motorcycle . These were fitted with a locking differential and selectable road and off - road gear ratio s through which all four and reverse gears worked . This made the R75 highly manoeuvrable and capable of negotiating most surfaces . A few other motorcycle manufactures , like FN and Norton , provided an optional drive to sidecars . The BMW R75 and its rival the Zündapp KS 750 were both widely used by the Wehrmacht in Russia and North Africa , though after a period of evaluation it became clear that the Zündapp was the superior machine . In August 1942 Zündapp and BMW , on the urging of the Army , agreed upon standardization of parts for both machines , with a view of eventually creating a Zündapp - BMW hybrid ( designated the BW 43 ) , in which a BMW 286 / 1 side - car would be grafted onto a Zündapp KS 750 motorcycle . They also agreed that the manufacture of the R75 would cease once production reached 20 , 200 units , and after that point BMW and Zündapp would only produce the Zündapp - BMW machine , manufacturing 20 , 000 each year . Since the target of 20 , 200 BMW R75 ' s was not reached , it remained in production until the Eisenach factory was so badly damaged by Allied bombing that production ceased in 1944 . A further 98 units were assembled by the Soviets in 1946 as reparations . However the standardisation programme meant that machines that were produced by BMW and Zündapp used 70 % of the same components . This simplifies the supply of spare parts for these vehicles , many of which are still in the hands of historic motorcycle enthusiasts . These vehicles are still highly desirable as collector ' s items because of their complex and durable technology , and are correspondingly expensive . A well - restored R75 can be still used for everyday purposes , on or off - road without problems . In 1954 a small number of modified R75 models were produced at Eisenach ( then in Soviet - controlled East Germany ) for testing under the designation AWO 700 , but were not put into full production . The success and reliability of the shaft - driven R75 during the war led to the US Army requesting that Harley - Davidson produce a similar shaft - driven cycle for American troops . This led to Harley producing their first ever shaft - driven model , the Harley - Davidson XA , which was a near duplicate of the R75 .
Fifty - Sixth Army ( Japan ) The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final days of World War II . History . The Japanese 56th Army was formed on April 21 , 1945 under the Japanese 16th Area Army as part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in northern Kyūshū during Operation Downfall . The Japanese 56th Army was based in Iizuka city , Fukuoka Prefecture . It consisted mostly of poorly trained reservists , conscripted students and Volunteer Fighting Corps home guard militia . It was demobilized at the surrender of Japan on August 15 , 1945 without having seen combat .
Maryland National Guard Recruiting Medal The Maryland National Guard Recruiting Medal is an award presented to members of the Maryland Army National Guard ( MDARNG ) for recruiting or retention of personnel . Description . A bronze finished , round 1 inches ( 3 . 2 cm ) medal with the State of Maryland crest . The ribbon is cross - grained and consists of vertical stripes of scarlet , golden yellow , black , white , golden yellow , white , black , golden yellow and scarlet .
Christiansø Fortress Christiansø Fortress is one of the historic Norwegian fortresses , which commands the western approaches to Flekkerøy harbor , at Kristiansand municipality in Norway . Historic Context . 17th Century . In the early 17th century the struggle between the Netherlands Navy and the Dunkirk pirates had spread into Norwegian coastline waters in the South of Norway ( Sørlandet ) . 1635 - In June 1635 Christian IV of Denmark - Norway , in his vessel which lay at anchor at Flekkerøy harbor , ordered construction of a naval base and Christiansø Fortress on small Slottsholmen island ( now called " Gammeløen " or old island ) . The island commands the western approaches to Flekkerøy harbor , a port long frequented by ships of many nations . 1641 - The town of Kristiansand was also founded there shortly afterwards to strengthen control of the area . Flekkerøy lies off the coast of the population center at Kristiansand and is a part of Kristiansand municipality . 1644 - Christian IV again visited Flekkerøy in 1644 during the Hannibal War . 1652 - While the Dutch - English war ( 1652 – 1654 ) was being fought Jørgen Bjelke was named lord of the region and commander of Christiansø Fortress to strengthen the defenses in the event that Oliver Cromwell ' s forces should attempt to seize it to prey on the extensive Dutch - Norwegian trade . Bjelke was later to play a major role in the Northern War . 1658 - Construction on the fortress was never completed . When the danger from Cromwell ceased , this fort was abandoned and replaced by the more strategically located Fredriksholm Fortress , which commanded both approaches to the harbor , in 1658 . 1672 - The focus of defense moved to Kristiansand town , with the Christiansholm Fortress , much of which still survives . 19th Century . 1848 – During the Dano - German war of 1848 and through the Crimean War the forts at Christiansø and Fredriksholm were returned to service . The two islands were evacuated and the fortifications closed in 1871 . Twentieth century . 1940 - Although centuries old , the fortresses at Flekkerøy did not see combat until the German invasion on the 9th of April , 1940 .
Siege of Gaeta ( 1707 ) The siege of Gaeta was a three - month siege of the Italian city of Gaeta in 1707 by the forces of the Austrian monarchy under Wirich Philipp von Daun , during the War of the Spanish Succession . It ended on 30 September with the total destruction of the city ' s historic fortifications .