naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
St . Louis - class cruiser ( 1938 ) The " St . Louis " class light cruisers were a pair of warships that served in the US Navy during World War II . The class was a slight modification of the seven - ship that immediately preceded them , incorporating new higher pressure boilers and a new boiler arrangement , with machinery on the " unit system " : alternating boiler and engine rooms to prevent a ship from being immobilized by a single unlucky hit . Additionally , AA armament was improved . They were the first US cruisers to be armed with twin five - inch ( 127 mm ) 38 - caliber guns . They could be distinguished visually from the " Brooklyns " by the placement of the after deckhouse , immediately abaft the second funnel , and by the twin 5 " mounts . Both ships were commissioned in 1939 , and were active in the Pacific in World War II . " Helena " was sunk in 1943 during the Battle of Kula Gulf . " St . Louis " was seriously damaged twice , but survived the war and was transferred to the Brazilian navy in 1951 , where she served until 1976 .
De Peyster Brown De Peyster Douw Brown DFC ( 1915 – 1991 ) was an American fighter pilot who volunteered to fly for the British Royal Air Force in World War II . He was one of 11 American pilots who flew with RAF Fighter Command between 10 July and 31 October 1940 , thereby qualifying for the Battle of Britain clasp to the 1939 – 45 campaign star . World War II . Brown joined the Royal Canadian Air Force claiming to be of Canadian nationality on 9 September 1939 and was posted to No . 112 Squadron RCAF . On arrival in England he was sent to No . 5 OTU RAF Aston Down to convert to Hurricanes and then to No . 1 Squadron RCAF at RAF Northolt on 2 September 1940 . On 27 September 1940 he claimed a Dornier Do 17 destroyed and a shared Junkers Ju 88 . On 5 October he was badly shot up in combat with Bf109 ' s but nevertheless pursued one into cloud , being later credited with a ' damaged ' . His own aircraft crashed on landing back at Northolt but he was uninjured . Brown transferred to the United States Army Air Forces on 25 May 1942 . He was given the rank of Lieutenant , later promoted Captain , and held the rank of Major when he retired . He remained in the service for 12 years after the end of World War II and after the war was involved with the Berlin Airlift and possibly served in Korea . Brown died in hospital in Santa Maria , California in August 1991 .
Ghauri - II The Ghauri - II is a medium - range ballistic missile ( MRBM ) . A longer ranged variant of the Ghauri - I , it was developed by increasing the length of the motor assembly and using improved propellants . Development . The Ghauri - I started development at the Khan Research Laboratories in 1993 , with the first flight test occurring in 1998 . The first flight test of the Ghauri - II took place in 1999 and the missile was handed over to the armed forces . Flight testing and improvements for both missiles continued into 2004 . Design . The Ghauri - II missile has a maximum range of . It is 18 . 0 m in length , has a diameter of 1 . 35 m and a launch weight of 17 , 800 kg . Its payload is a single separating warhead weighing 1 , 200 kg , or as low as 750 kg for use at its maximum range . This may used to carry a 250 kg warhead of a 15 to 30 kt yield nuclear , HE or sub - munition warhead . The missile uses a single - stage liquid propellant rocket motor . The Ghauri - II design improves accuracy by a employing mechanisms that spin the single booster stage and warhead combination approximately 10 seconds before the termination of the powered flight phase at 110 seconds . At this point , the warhead is then separated from the booster stage to fly on a re - entry trajectory that remains stable to its target , greatly enhancing the missile ' s accuracy . With the addition of GPS targeting the warhead accuracy is further enhanced . Like most Pakistani missile systems , transporter erector launcher ( TEL ) vehicles are used to transport and launch Ghauri II .
Australian Honours Order of Wearing The Governor General of Australia has , at irregular intervals , notified for general information the positioning of the wearing of Australian Orders , Decorations and Medals in the " Commonwealth of Australia Gazette " . The Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards was last published in 2007 , and replaced the previous list published in 2002 . Prior to 2002 , the lists were named the " Australian Order of Precedence of Honours and Awards " . With the cessation in 2013 of the gazettal of lists of recipients of Australia Day and Queen ’ s Birthday Honours , it is not yet known if future issues of the " Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards " will be gazetted . Order of wear . Order of wearing decorations and awards within the Australian Honours System . Honours and Awards listed are : Note that awards of the British Empire / United Kingdom are now considered foreign , and should be worn accordingly . Citations . The following citations are not positioned according to the list above . For members of the uniformed services , they are worn according to respective Service dress rules . For civilians , they are worn centrally above any other honours or awards : Foreign awards . Specific foreign awards are not mentioned on the Order of Wear - just the general comment that foreign awards appear after the awards mentioned . However , the following are international and foreign honours commonly awarded to Australians for various reasons . For foreign awards commonly awarded to Australians for campaign and peacekeeping service please refer to the list on Australian Campaign Medals .
240mm / 50 Modèle 1902 gun The 240mm / 50 Modèle 1902 gun was a heavy naval gun of the French Navy . The type was used on the " Danton " class battleships as secondary battery , mounted in six twin turrets . The guns were later used as coastal artillery after the ships were broken up , and served during the Second World War , notably in the battle of Dakar .
Vince ' s Bridge Vince ' s Bridge was a wooden bridge constructed by Allen Vince over Sims Bayou near Harrisburg , Texas . Its destruction by Texas armed forces played a critical role during the April 1836 Battle of San Jacinto in the decisive defeat of the Mexican army , which effectively ended the Texas Revolution . Located on the most likely possible route of escape for Antonio López de Santa Anna and his column of the Mexican army , the burning of Vince ' s Bridge helped prevent his soldiers from reaching the safety of nearby reinforcements . History . The bridge was built and owned by a local pioneer named Allen Vince . It was clear from prolonged spring rains . John Coker , a private in Sam Houston ' s Texas cavalry , first advanced the idea as he was talking with a group of his comrades about possible reinforcements reaching the enemy camp . He remarked that the destruction of the bridge over Vince ' s Bayou , some eight miles ( 13 km ) west of the Texans ' camp , would distract the Mexicans . All agreed that the idea was a wise one , and scout Deaf Smith was requested to place the idea before General Sam Houston . General Houston thought the suggestion was a good one and quickly ordered Deaf Smith to select several trusted cavalrymen , evade the enemy , and proceed to the crossing and destroy the bridge . The structure was not chopped down , as mistakenly stated by some historians , but was instead burned . A larger force would have been required to cut down the massive and lengthy structure in so short a time . After the successful destruction of the bridge was announced to the Texans just before the battle , they knew that there was no chance for retreat for either army . They rushed forward , and in 18 minutes , completely routed the panic - stricken Mexicans . Santa Anna , in his attempted hasty escape from the encircling Texans , soon came to the burned bridge , which he thought was on the headwaters of Buffalo Bayou and his private secretary believed was on the Brazos River . The general was later captured after being significantly delayed by the destroyed structure Tactically , the destruction of Vince ' s Bridge prevented the escape of nearly all of the Mexican survivors . From a strategic perspective , as couriers and fleeing soldiers could no longer readily cross the rain - swollen bayou , it kept news of Santa Anna ' s defeat from quickly reaching General Vicente Filisola , his second - in - command , and also from General José de Urrea , who had a division on the west bank of the Brazos River . Both columns were in a position to have aided Santa Anna or to have attacked Houston ' s army , which was still outnumbered by the remaining Mexican forces .
Sergey Sheyko Sergey Sergeyevich Sheyko ( , born January 23 , 1967 , Oleksandriia in present - day Ukraine ) , Hero of the Russian Federation , is a colonel in Russian Naval Infantry . Sergey Sheyko was commissioned into Naval Infantry in 1989 after completing the Far Eastern military college . In January – May 1995 captain Sheyko , commander of marine company , participated in the First Chechen War , including storming of Presidential Palace in Grozny . He showed outstanding degree of personal courage and military mastership . In fierce battles his group performed important tasks , with virtually no losses of his subordinates . His first citation for the title of Hero of the Russian Federation was issued in February 1995 but did not materialize ; he was awarded the title of Hero on August 28 , 1995 . Sheyko completed postgraduate military education in General Military Academy ( 2000 ) and General Staff Academy ( 2005 ) and , as of 2009 , continues service with the Baltic Fleet naval infantry .
Australian tugboat Cambrian Salvor The Cambrian Salvor was a salvage and rescue tug that served during World War II with the Royal Australian Navy , however was never commissioned . She was sold in 1958 to Island Tug & Barge Ltd , Vancouver , before being sold in 1962 and renamed " Caribische Zee " , successively sold and or renamed " Collinsea " in 1963 , " Francois C " in 1971 and " Ras Deira " in 1981 . Fate . She was scrapped in 1981 .
850th Space Communications Squadron The 850th Space Communications Squadron ( 850 SCS ) was a component of the 50th Network Operations Group , 50th Space Wing , Schriever Air Force Base , Colorado . The squadron was activated 1 December 1997 as the 850th Communications Squadron and redesignated the 850th Space Communications Squadron on 1 October 2002 . It was inactivated on 31 January 2006 , most of its functions and personnel having been incorporated into the 50th Space Communications Squadron . Mission . The mission of the 850th Space Communications Squadron was to plan , integrate , and maintain command and control , and common user communications and computer systems for satellite navigation , communications , missile warning and space surveillance worldwide . The squadron was responsible for logistics management , systems maintenance , and integrity of satellite command , control , communications , and computer systems for the Air Force Space Command ( AFSPC ) mission including the $ 6 . 2 billion Air Force Satellite Control Network , supporting over 140 Department of Defense satellites . The squadron also provided anomaly resolution , systems integration and configuration control supporting AFSPC , USSTRATCOM , the Secretary of Defense , and the President . Personnel . Shortly before its inactivation in early 2006 , there were approximately 59 military and 22 DoD civilian personnel in the squadron who , along with contractors , provided global sustainment and maintenance to the high frontier in support of the 50th Space Wing ' s mission .
Dorstone Castle Dorstone Castle was in the village of Dorstone in Herefordshire , England , located 6 miles to the east of Hay - on - Wye . Motte and bailey . This was a motte and bailey castle which probably originated in the 12th century when the site was held by the de Sollers family . Strengthened against Owain . In 1403 Henry IV entrusted the castle to Sir Walter Fitzwalter , a Baron FitzWalter , and asked him to strengthen it against likely raids by Welsh forces of Owain Glyndŵr . After this time Dorstone Castle changed hands several times . Lady Fitzwalter died about 1422 and afterwards the castle belonged to Richard de la Mare of the de la Mare family and was then owned by the Lysters who sold it to Morgan Aubrey . It was then purchased by the Cornewall family of nearby Moccas Court in 1780 . Only the earthworks now remain .
Ksp m / 42 machine gun Ksp m / 42 , Swedish designation for a heavily modified , license built derivative of the M1919A6 chambered in 6 . 5x55mm or 8×63mm patron m / 32 and from 1975 in 7 . 62x51mm NATO . The Ksp m / 42B was a lighter version with a distinctive bipod , shoulder stock ( used in a similar way as the M1919A6 ) and a spade grip chambered in 6 . 5x55mm and later in 7 . 62x51mm which can be recognised in its corrosion resistant green finish .
Harold J . Sykora Harold J . Sykora is a retired Major General in the National Guard of the United States and former Adjutant General of South Dakota . Career . Sykora joined the National Guard in 1960 . Assignments given to him included a detachment with the Wisconsin Army National Guard from 1971 to 1972 . He held the position of Adjutant General from 1988 until his retirement on May 3 , 1998 . Awards he received include the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Army Achievement Medal , the Army Reserve Component Achievement Medal with silver oak leaf cluster , the National Defense Service Medal , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with gold hourglass device , the Army Service Ribbon , and the Army Reserve Components Overseas Training Ribbon .
Conscription in the Netherlands Conscription in the Netherlands ( ) was first employed in 1810 by French occupying forces . Napoleon ' s brother Louis Bonaparte , who was King of Holland from 1806 to 1810 , had tried to introduce conscription a few years earlier , unsuccessfully . Every man aged 20 years or older had to enlist . By means of drawing lots it was decided who had to undertake service in the French army . It was possible to arrange a substitute against payment . Later on , conscription was used for all men over the age of 18 . Postponement was possible , due to study , for example . Conscientious objectors could perform an alternative civilian service instead of military service . For various reasons , this forced military service was criticized at the end of the 20th century . Since the Cold War was over , so was the direct threat of a war . Instead , the Dutch army was employed in more and more peacekeeping operations . The complexity and danger of these missions made the use of conscripts controversial . Furthermore the conscription system was thought to be unfair as only men were drafted . In the Netherlands , compulsory attendance has been officially suspended since 1 May 1997 . Between 1991 and 1996 , the Dutch armed forces phased out their conscript personnel and converted to an all - volunteer force . The last conscript troops were inducted in 1995 and demobilized in 1996 . The suspension means that citizens are no longer forced to serve in the armed forces , as long as it is not required for the safety of the country . Since then , the Dutch army is an all - volunteer force . However , to this day every male citizen aged 17 gets a letter in which he is told that he has been registered , but he does not have to present himself for service . The Dutch army allowed its male soldiers to have long hair from the early 1970s to the end of conscription in the mid 1990s . Even though it is generally thought that conscription has been abolished in the Netherlands , this perception is , in fact , incorrect . The compulsory attendance was abolished , not the conscription . The laws and systems which provide for the conscription of armed forces personnel still remain in place .
Letter of reprimand A letter of reprimand is a United States Department of Defense procedure involving a letter to an employee or soldier from his or her superior that details the wrongful actions of the person and the punishment that can be expected . A Formal Letter of Reprimand is one in which a copy of the letter is kept on record . In military contexts , a formal letter of reprimand can be career ending , even without prescribed punishments , because it makes it difficult to secure advancements in rank or to enjoy the respect of one ' s peers . In legal contexts , a letter of reprimand is sometimes called a " letter of admonition " . It is the lowest form of attorney discipline under the Code of Professional Responsibility . United States Armed Forces . The Manual for Court Martial , R . C . M . 306 ( c ) ( 2 ) , states : Administrative action . A commander may take or initiate administrative action , in addition to or instead of other action [ e . g . , non - judicial punishment ( Article 15 or " NJP " ) and court - martial ] taken under this rule , subject to regulations of the Secretary concerned . Administrative actions include corrective measures such as counseling , admonition , reprimand , exhortation , disapproval , criticism , censure , reproach , rebuke , extra military instruction , or the administrative withholding of privileges , or any combination of the above . A letter of reprimand may be issued in lieu of punishment under Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice . A formal letter of reprimand is placed in the service member ' s permanent personnel record . A letter of admonishment is less severe than a letter of reprimand , a memorandum of concern is less severe still ; and a letter of counsel is the least severe formal written administrative action of this type . Examples . On September 25 , 2008 , the United States Department of Defense announced that six U . S . Air Force and two U . S . Army generals and nine colonels had received letters of reprimand , admonishment , or concern because of the mishandling of fuses for nuclear weapons which were mistakenly shipped to Taiwan . Two U . S . Air Force major generals were asked to stay in their current position ; the others either retired , planned to retire , or were removed from their position . Air Force Chief of Staff Norton Schwartz met with each officer personally before issuing the letters . He noted they committed no offense under the UCMJ , but " did not do enough to carry out their leadership responsibilities for nuclear oversight . " For that they must be held accountable . "
Japanese destroyer Kiyonami On 12 July 1943 , " Kiyonami " was on a troop transport run to Kolombangara . In the Battle of Kolombangara , she contributed torpedo es to the spreads that sank , and damaged and . On 20 July " Kiyonami " was on another troop transport run to Kolombangara . She was sunk by U . S . Army B - 25 s while rescuing the crew of , 42 miles ( 78 km ) north - northwest of Kolombangara ( ) . There were no survivors from among the entire combined " Kiyonami " and " Yugure " crews of 468 men .
Samochód pancerny wz . 29 Samochód Pancerny wzór 29 ( " armoured car 1929 pattern " ) , commonly known as Ursus or CWS , was a Polish interwar heavy armored car . A handful of these vehicles saw combat during the Polish - German War of 1939 . History and description . The car was designed in 1929 by Rudolf Gundlach . The vehicle was based on the chassis of the Ursus A 2 - ton truck ( Italian S . P . A . 25C modified by Ursus Mechanical Works in Warsaw ) , the armored body was built by CWS , Warsaw . The initial armament consisted of the French 37 mm low - velocity gun in the turret front , 7 . 92 mm machine guns in the turret left - rear and right - rear at 120 degrees to the gun ( all operated by the commander ) , and another 7 . 92 mm MG in the hull rear ( operated by the rear gunner ) . Although this arrangement helped to achieve good balance of the turret , it was awkward to use . In the mid - 1930s the right turret machine gun was removed . The car carried 96 rounds for the main gun and 4032 MG rounds in 16 252 - round belts . The vehicle was sufficiently armed and armored for late 1920s , but was underpowered , lacked all - wheel drive ( which led to poor off - road mobility ) and had high silhouette . Because of these shortcomings , only between 10 and 13 cars were built . Combat history . Although obsolete by 1939 , the car was still in service at the outbreak of the Second World War . 8 vehicles were assigned to the 11th armoured battalion of the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade , Army Modlin , as a reconnaissance unit . The vehicles acted well in combat , but by 16 September all of them were lost .
Francis Clere Hitchcock Colonel Francis Clere Hitchcock MC ( 1896 - 1962 ) wrote " Stand To — A Diary of the Trenches 1915 - 1918 " about the activities of the second Leinster Regiment of the British Army in World War I . He was born in Dublin and spent most of his young life in Kinnitty , Birr , County Offaly where his father was the Church of Ireland parish rector . His brother was the Hollywood director Rex Ingram . He enlisted as an officer in the Leinster Regiment at the start of World War I , and fought in France where he was awarded the Military Cross . He remained in the British Army until retirement with the rank of Colonel .
Edward Antill ( soldier ) Lieutenant Colonel Edward Antill ( April 11 , 1742 – May 29 , 1789 ) was an American soldier who participated at the Battle of Quebec in 1775 . Antill was born in " Piscataqua " ( Piscataway ) , New Jersey on 11 April 1742 and was the fourth of six children born to Edward Antill ( 1701 - 1770 ) and Anne Morris ( d . 1781 ) . Antill was the grandson of New Jersey Royal Governor Lewis Morris ( 1671 - 1746 ) . In 1762 , Antill was graduated from King ' s College ( now Columbia University ) in New York City . On 4 May 1767 , Antill married Charlotte Riverin ( 1753 - 1785 ) of Quebec City . Their daughter Frances Antill married Arthur Tappan , the American abolitionist . He was an American colonist living in Quebec City when in 1775 he joined the 2nd Canadian Regiment as an engineer and participated in the Battle of Quebec ( 1775 ) under General Richard Montgomery . He was present when Montgomery died from wounds received in the battle . He was sent to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia after the failed attack on Quebec City . He was taken prisoner at the second Battle of Staten Island in August 1777 so he was not with his regiment at the Battle of Brandywine . He was on a prison ship on the Hudson River for three years . After his release he followed the 2nd Canadian Regiment at Yorktown . Antill died 23 May 1789 at Saint - Jean , near Montréal , in Canada .
Battle of Nasielsk The Battle of Nasielsk was fought on August 14 and August 15 of 1920 between Polish and Soviet forces . The Polish launched a counterattack against Soviet forces who were besieging Warsaw . Despite the destruction of the town , the Polish managed to drive the Soviets back temporarily .