naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German submarine U - 277 German submarine " U - 277 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 3 March 1942 at the " Bremer Vulkan " yard at Bremen - Vegesack as ' werk ' 42 . She was launched on 7 November 1942 and commissioned on 21 December under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " Robert Lübsen . Service history . " U - 274 " served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla for training from December 1942 to May 1943 and operationally with the 6th U - boat Flotilla from 1 June . She carried out six patrols , but sank no ships . She was a member of six wolfpack s . She carried out a short voyage between Kiel in Germany and Bergen in Norway over June 1943 . 1st patrol . The boat departed Bergen on 29 June 1943 and docked at Hammerfest via Bear Island on 17 August . 2nd patrol . For her second sortie , " U - 277 " departed Hammerfest on 29 August 1943 . Her route took her as far north as Svalbard before arriving at Narvik on 10 October . 3rd and 4th patrols . The boat ' s third patrol took her round Bear Island , but was otherwise uneventful . Her fourth foray was followed by a series of short ' hops ' between Hammerfest , Narvik , Trondheim and Bergen . During one of them , she ran aground and had to be towed off the offending rocks . The damage caused forced an immediate return to base . 5th and 6th patrols and loss . Her penultimate , official patrol was between Narvik and Hammerfest . She left Hammerfest for the last time on 11 April 1944 . She was sunk southwest of Bear Island by depth charge s dropped from a Fairey Swordfish of No . 842 Squadron , Fleet Air Arm on 1 May . The aircraft had come from the carrier HMS " Fencer " . Fifty men died ; there were no survivors .
Belle Poule ( A 650 ) The Belle Poule is a French naval schooner used as a training vessel . She was launched on 8 February 1932 at the Chantiers de Normandie at Fecamp . She is a replica of a type of fishing vessel that was used until 1935 off Iceland for catching cod . She has a sister ship , the " Étoile " . In 1940 she fled to the United Kingdom and in July was seized by the British . Both " Étoile " and " Belle Poule " then served the Free French Forces during the Second World War , " Belle Poule " as an annex . In recognition of their loyalty to the Free French they received the honour of the right to fly the French flag with the cross of Lorraine . In 1945 she returned to Brest . Since 13 May 1978 " Belle Poule " has been sponsored by the city of Pauillac .
Markos Drakos Markos Drakos ( " Μάρκος Δράκος " in Greek ) was a Cypriot guerrilla fighter who was killed in the EOKA struggle ( 1955 – 1959 ) against the British . His " nom de guerre " was " Lykourgos " . He was born in Nicosia District , on September 24 , 1932 and studied accounting . He worked for the Hellenic Mining Company in Cyprus until 1954 . When EOKA was formed , Drakos was among the first to join , training others in the use of arms and recruiting members . Drakos was mild - mannered and enthusiastic to learn about military operations , as well as being devoutly religious , and EOKA commander Georgios Grivas " Dighenis " quickly took a liking to him . He saw great potential in Drakos as a leader , and he was quickly promoted to a senior position in EOKA . On April 1 , 1955 , considered to be the first day of the struggle , Drakos and his " Astrape " ( " Lightning " ) team blew up the radio station of Athalassa , destroying it completely . With his squad , he would go on to co - ordinate several other operations . On June 30 , 1955 , Drakos was arrested by the British with 14 other EOKA members and imprisoned in Kyrenia Castle but famously managed to escape 3 months later , by tying blankets together and abseiling out of the windows . A bounty of 5 , 000 pounds was placed on his head but that did not deter him from taking part in more battles and acts of sabotage . Finally , on the night of January 18 , 1957 the British forces attacked Drakos and his men at their hideout in Solea . Drakos fought in the rain and hail storm , almost single - handedly , allowing his comrades to escape . His body , with 40 bullet - holes , was recovered and interred by the British in the Imprisoned Graves in the Central Jail of Nicosia . The Bible which Drakos carried with him at all times was never recovered at his scene of death .
Zhang Te Zhang Te , Zichan ( 子產 ) , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history . Zhang became a rather reputed general through his defense of Xincheng , Hefei . When the castle was completely surrounded by the forces of the rival state of Eastern Wu , Zhang faked his surrender and continuously resisted until the enemy finally ended up retreating .
330mm / 50 Modèle 1931 gun The 330mm / 50 Modèle 1931 gun was a heavy naval gun of the French Navy . The built - up gun was carried by the fast battleship s , in quadruple turrets inspired by those intended for the . They had one of the longest range , while firing quite powerful projectiles : APC - 1 , 235 lbs . ( 560 kg ) and HE - 1 , 151 lbs . ( 552 kg ) . The range was over 40 km in both cases , the trajectory was flat . " Dunkerque " s guns were affected by inaccuracy caused by their quadruple mounts ( too close together ) , but could engage German battleships of the with enough power to pierce their armour : at 0 metres , the shell could pierce 28 . 08 in ( 713 mm ) , at 25 . 153 yards ( 23 km ) penetration capability was 13 . 46 in ( 342 mm ) and 292 mm at 30 . 114 yds / 27 , 500 m . Theoretically , it could pierce " Scharnhorst " s 320 mm belt at over 20 km . Given the flat trajectory , the deck perforation was less impressive , but still 105 mm at 23 km and 110 mm at 27 . 5 km . Therefore , the armour piercing capability was very near that of the best battleship guns , at least at medium to short range . The armour piercing capability of " Scharnhorst " s guns varied from 604 to 205 mm in the same range ( 0 - 27 , 5 km ) , so they were weaker weapons . However , " Dunkerque " had a weaker armour belt , so the deadly range of the German battleships was not inferior . The battleship had thicker armour ( 283 vs . 241 mm ) and this reduced the useful range to only about 18 km . The deck perforation was always in favour of the 330mm gun , the 280 mm gun being unable to pierce more than 76 mm at 27 . 5 km . The 330 mm guns had many faults . They were complex and moved with a weak system for such 1 , 473 tons ( 1 , 497 mt ) turrets ( roughly the weigh of an Italian 381 mm triple turret ) . They had two 100 hp engines ( but only one was typically used ) . Despite the great range , elevation was only 35° ( therefore the gun had a very high muzzle velocity of 870 mps ) . The guns were coupled in two twin arrangement , sleeved in pairs . The turrets were heavily protected , and internally had a 25 – 40 mm bulkhead to separate the two twin mounts . This was important at Mers - El - Kébir , where a 381 mm shell hit in one of her turrets : the projectile penetrated the roof and killed everyone in the semi - turret , but the other pair of guns continued to operate . The later 380mm / 45 Modèle 1935 gun essentially enlarged the design .
USS Mattabesett ( 1863 ) USS Mattabesett , sometimes spelled " Mattabeset " , a schooner - rigged , wooden hulled , double - ended sidewheel gunboat , was built by A . & G . T . Sampson , Boston , Massachusetts , and named for the Mattabesset River in Connecticut . " Mattabesett " was delivered to the New York Navy Yard on January 18 , 1864 , and commissioned April 7 , 1864 , Commander John C . Febiger in command . Service history . " Mattabesett " departed New York on April 21 , 1864 for duty in the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and arrived at Hampton Roads on April 23 as escort to . Continuing down the coast to enter the North Carolina Sounds , she took part in an engagement between Union forces and the Confederate ram CSS " Albemarle " , accompanied by CSS " Bombshell " and CSS " Cotton Plant " , off the mouth of the Roanoke River on May 5 . In the course of the battle , leading to the capture of Plymouth , North Carolina by Confederate forces , " Mattabesett " , with , captured " Bombshell " , but " Albemarle " and " Cotton Plant " escaped . But for a brief trip to New York in the fall of 1864 , " Mattabesett " continued to serve the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron for the remainder of the U . S . Civil War , operating primarily in the inland waters of North Carolina . She sailed north in May 1865 , decommissioned at New York on May 31 , and was sold there on October 15 . See also . Ships captured in the American Civil War
Fokker T . VIII The Fokker T . VIII was a Dutch twin - engined torpedo - bomber and reconnaissance floatplane developed in the late 1930s , which served in the Dutch , British and German air forces . The aircraft was originally developed as a result of a request from the Dutch Naval Aviation Service for an aircraft for use in home waters and in the Dutch East Indies . Development . The T . VIII W / G was a mid - winged monoplane with a three - part fuselage of oval cross - section which consisted of a light alloy nose , a centre section of wood and a tail of steel frame with a fabric covering . The wing was constructed with two cross - beams with bakelite ribs and clad in plywood . In the T . VIII W / M variant the tail , as well as the wings , were constructed from light alloy . The undercarriage consisted of two floats of rustproof duralumin with six waterproof compartments and a reserve fuel tank in each . Operational history . The aircraft went into production after the first flight in 1938 and eleven entered Dutch service . At the time of the German invasion in 1940 , nine aircraft relocated to bases in France , and on 22 May 1940 escaped to the UK to form the basis of No . 320 ( Netherlands ) Squadron RAF , Coastal Command , based at Pembroke Dock in South Wales . Eventually lack of spares meant that these aircraft were retired . Meanwhile , the Germans completed the T . VIIIs , still under construction at the Fokker factory , and after evaluation at Travemünde , operated them in the Black Sea in the reconnaissance , air - sea rescue and anti - submarine role . In May 1941 , Dutch Lieutenant Beelaerts van Blokland , together with pilot Govert Steen , Fokker technician Lindeman and resistance fighter Boomsma , stole a T . VIIIW in German service floating in the Amsterdam IJ and flew it to England to join the Allied forces .
HTLINGUAL HTLINGUAL ( also HGLINGUAL ) was a secret Central Intelligence Agency project to intercept mail destined for the Soviet Union and China that operated from 1952 until 1973 . Originally known under the codename SRPOINTER ( also SGPOINTER ) , the project authority was changed in 1955 and renamed . Early on , only the names and addresses appearing on the exterior of mailed items were collected , but they were later opened at CIA facilities in Los Angeles and New York . Mail to and from prominent individuals such as Bella Abzug , Bobby Fischer , Linus Pauling , John Steinbeck , Martin Luther King , Edward Albee , and Hubert Humphrey was opened over the course of the operation . Commission on CIA Activities within the United States , June 6 , 1975 , Report from Rockefeller Commission to the President . References . Department of Justice 57 page Declination memo ( date , circa 1976 ) to not prosecute those involved in the mail intercept operations of 1953 - 1973 .
84th Fighter Wing ( World War II ) The 84th Fighter Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the IX Tactical Air Command , based at Brunswick , Germany . It was inactivated on 12 August 1945 . History . Established and organized at Blumenthal Field , North Carolina in 1943 as a command and control organization . Deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in early 1944 and assigned to IX Fighter Command , Ninth Air Force . Initial Mission of the Wing was to receive operational orders from Headquarters , IX Fighter Command and direct subordinate groups in attacking enemy targets in Occupied France and the Low Countries in preparation for the Normandy Invasion in June 1944 . Targets included bridges , roads , railroads and enemy interceptor aircraft both on the ground as well as in air - to - air combat . After the D - Day invasion , was reassigned to IX Tactical Air Command ( IX TAC ) and directed to provide ground support for advancing United States First Army forces in France , attacking enemy targets initially in the Cotentin Peninsula , then supported Operation Cobra , the breakout of Normandy and attacked enemy forces in the Falaise - Argentan Gap . Wing headquarters and subordinate units operated primarily from liberated airfields and newly built temporary Advanced Landing Ground s in France , moved into north - central France , its groups attacking enemy targets near Paris then north - west into Belgium and the southern Netherlands . In December 1944 / January 1945 , engaged enemy targets on the north side of the Battle of the Bulge , then moved eastward into the Northern Rhineland as part of the Western Allied invasion of Germany . Supported First Army as it crossed the Rhine River at Remagen then moved north to attack ground targets in the Ruhr , providing air support as Allied ground forces encircled enemy forces in the Ruhr Pocket , essentially ending organized enemy resistance in Western Germany . First Army halted its advance at the Elbe River in late April 1945 , the wing engaging targets of opportunity in enemy controlled - areas until combat was ended on 5 May 1945 . Remained in Europe after the war as part of United States Air Forces in Europe , performing occupation duty and the destruction or shipment to the United States of captured enemy combat equipment . Personnel demobilized and was inactivated in Germany in August 1945 . Components . Attached to IX Tactical Air Command entire time
Bombing of Nordhausen in World War II The Allies bombed Nordhausen during World War II in a series of strategic attacks against targets in the Nordhausen district and city . Targets around Nordhausen included Gustloff factory , Mittelwerk and Nordhausen airfield References . < br > 1944 : January , February , March , April , May , June , July , August , September , October , November , December < br > 1945 : January , February , March , April , May , June , July , August , September
Supermarine Sea King The Supermarine Sea King was a British , amphibian , fighter aircraft designed and built by the Supermarine Aviation Works . Design and development . In 1919 , Supermarine commenced design of a single seat flying boat fighter resembling the Baby of the First World War and the contemporary Sea Lion racing aircraft . The resulting aircraft , known as the Sea King , was a single seater biplane powered by a pusher Beardmore 160 hp engine , first flying in early 1920 , and later refitted with a Siddeley Puma . In 1921 , Reginald Mitchell , by now chief designer of Supermarine , produced a revised design , possibly to meet the requirements of Specification N6 / 22 for a fighter capable of operating both from the deck of an aircraft carrier and from water . The resulting Sea King II was a single seat biplane , with a wooden hull , a retractable main landing gear and a fixed tail skid . The tail was of monoplane type mounted halfway up the single fin with a single rudder . The Sea King II was powered by a single Hispano - Suiza 8 engine . The Sea King II first flew in December 1921 . While it demonstrated excellent manoeuvrability , the Sea King was not selected for production . The Fairey Flycatcher and Parnall Plover , both biplanes that could be converted between having conventional tailwheel undercarriage and floats were ordered in small numbers for further evaluation , the Flycatcher finally being successful in equipping the Royal Navy ' s carriers . This was not the end for the Sea King , however , as the Sea King II was rebuilt to become the Sea Lion II racer , winner of the 1922 Schneider Trophy .
Battle of Ikh Bayan The Battle of Ikh Bayan ( ; literally in Mongolian : " Battle of Great Rich " ) , was a major expedition launched against the Xiongnu by the Han Dynasty in June , 89 . The battle was a success for the Han under Dou Xian ( d . 92 ) . In June 89 , the Han dispatched a force which promptly advanced from Jilu , Manyi and Guyang in three great columns that included their allies , specifically the main army of the Southern Xiongnu . The force of General Dou Xian advanced towards the Northern Chanyu into the Altai Mountains . A large detachment then moved to the northwest , and in the major battle of the campaign they defeated the Northern Shanyu at Ikh Bayan and pursued him westwards into the Altain Nuruu ranges . The Han forces killed 13 , 000 Xiongnu troops and accepted the surrender of 200 , 000 Xiongnu from 81 tribes . Dou Xian brought the main body of his troops in triumphal progress north to the Khangai Mountains , west of present day Kharkhorin . There he erected the Stele of Yanran , composed by his client , the historian Ban Gu , which celebrated the achievement of the battle . Aftermath . After the successful campaign of 89 AD , the Xiongnu state was destroyed . After the battle , Dou Xian led his forces back , and the Northern Chanyu sought to negotiate peace . Tuntuhe Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu , however , was anxious to destroy his rival completely , and early in 90 , as embassies were still being exchanged , he launched an attack , captured his rival ' s seal and treasure and his wives and daughters . General Dou Xian soon initiated a punitive expedition against the remaining hostile Xiongnu tribes , subsequently causing the tribes to flee westward . Dou Xian had reported that the Northern Chanyu was so weak there was no point in treating with him further . In February 91 , he mounted a final invasion , with two of his generals Geng Kui and Ren Shang in charge . They advanced from Juyan and defeated the chanyu , captured his mother and killed 5 , 000 of his armies , drove him in flight again to the west from Altayn Nuruu . He was not heard of again . The rest of the Xiongnu left in Dzungaria , specifically near Lake Barkol , had not been directly affected , and some part of the shattered polity was reconstructed under a new chanyu . The new chanyu , however , was killed in 93 , and after him no chanyu of the Northern Xiongnu was ever heard of again . On the frontier of China which faced present day Mongolia , the hostile Xiongnu state was ended .
HMNZS Hinau ( P3556 ) HMNZS " Hinau " ( P3556 ) was a " Moa " - class inshore patrol vessel of the Royal New Zealand Navy . It was commissioned in 1985 for the Naval Volunteer Reserve and decommissioned in 2007 . " Hinau " is the second ship with this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy . The name comes from a forest tree which is native to New Zealand .
Werner Blume Werner Blume ( 5 August 1911 – 3 July 1942 ) was a German Luftwaffe reconnaissance pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Werner Blume was killed in action on 3 July 1942 in near Derna , Libya . He was posthumously promoted to Oberleutnant der Reserve .
John R . D ' Araujo , Jr . John R . D ' Araujo , Jr . is a retired United States Army Major General who served as Director of the Army National Guard and an official with the Federal Emergency Management Agency . Early life . John Robert D ' Araujo , Jr . ( " Jack " ) was born in Pepeekeo , Hawaii on February 24 , 1943 , and enlisted in the Hawaii Army National Guard in 1960 . He graduated from St . Joseph High School in Hilo in 1962 and attended the University of Hawaii . He received his commission in 1963 after completing Officer Candidate School . Start of military career . D ' Araujo served in a variety of command and staff assignments , primarily in the 29th Infantry Brigade . In 1968 and 1969 he deployed to Vietnam during the Vietnam War as commander of a Mobile Advisory Team . Upon returning to Hawaii D ' Araujo continued his military career , including serving as Commander of the Hawaii Army National Guard ' s Troop Command and United States Property and Fiscal Officer for Guam . D ' Araujo completed a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science from Regents College ( now Excelsior College ) , the University of the State of New York . He also graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College , and is a 1981 graduate of the United States Army War College . Later military career . In 1983 D ' Araujo was selected to serve as Senior Army National Guard Advisor for the Commander of U . S . Army Mobilization and Readiness Region III . He subsequently carried out an assignment at the National Guard Bureau as Chief of the Mobilization Readiness Division , followed by assignment as Chief of the National Guard Bureau ' s Training Division . In June , 1987 D ' Araujo was appointed Assistant Adjutant General – Army for the Hawaii National Guard . He served in this position until 1990 , when he was named Deputy Director of the Army National Guard . In 1993 D ' Araujo was named Director of the Army National Guard , and was succeeded as Deputy Director by William C . Bilo . He served in this position until retiring from the military in 1995 . FEMA . After retiring from the military D ' Araujo was employed as a consultant , and worked in the areas of homeland defense and military policy for the Department of Homeland Security and Department of Defense . From 2002 to 2007 he worked for FEMA , including Assistant Director of the Readiness , Response and Recovery Directorate and Director of FEMA ' s Recovery Division . Since 2007 he has continued to work as an independent consultant on defense and homeland security issues .
Omar Abd al - Razaq Omar Abdul Razaq or Umar Abed al - Razek ( عمر عبد الرزاق ) was Finance Minister of the Palestinian National Authority for part of 2006 . He represents the Hamas organization . Razaq was arrested by Israel in June 2006 and freed in 2011 .
Joseph B . Adkison Joseph Bernard Adkison ( January 4 , 1892 – May 23 , 1965 ) was an American soldier serving in the U . S . Army during World War I who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Adkison was born in Egypt , Tennessee , and entered the Army in 1917 in Memphis . By mid - 1918 , Adkison and his division were involved in combat in France . On September 29 , 1918 , near Bellicourt , France , Adkison , by then a Sergeant , found he and his platoon pinned down by heavy German machine gun fire located fifty yards to their front . Adkison , acting alone , charged the machine gun nest , kicked it over into the enemy trench , and using the bayonet fixed on his rifle captured the three man machine gun crew , allowing his platoon to advance . He was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1919 , and was one of six soldiers from Tennessee to receive that medal for their service during the First World War . Another of the six was Alvin York , subject of the film " Sergeant York " starring actor Gary Cooper . Adkison died in 1965 , and is buried in Salem Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church in Atoka , Tennessee . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Army , Company C , 119th Infantry , 30th Division . Place and date : Near Bellicourt , France , September 29 , 1918 . Entered service at : Memphis , Tenn . Born : January 4 , 1892 , Egypt , Tenn . G . O . No . : 59 , W . D . , 1919 . Citation : When murderous machinegun fire at a range of 50 yards had made it impossible for his platoon to advance , and had caused the platoon to take cover Sergeant . Adkison alone , with the greatest intrepidity , rushed across the 50 yards of open ground directly into the face of the hostile machinegun kicked the gun from the parapet into the enemy trench , and at the point of the bayonet captured the 3 men manning the gun . The gallantry and quick decision of this soldier enabled the platoon to resume its advance .