naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles R . Holland Charles R . Holland ( born January 21 , 1946 ) is a retired United States Air Force general who served as the Commander of United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM ) Headquarters at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida . As Commander , he was responsible for all special operations forces of the Army , Navy and Air Force , both active duty and reserve . Career . Holland entered the Air Force in 1968 after graduating from the United States Air Force Academy . His early commands over his career included a squadron and two Air Force wings . He flew more than 100 combat missions , including 79 in an AC - 130 Gunship in Southeast Asia . He served as Deputy Commanding General of the Joint Special Operations Command , was Commander of the Special Operations Command , Pacific , commanded the Air Force Special Operations Command at Hurlburt Field , Florida , and was the Vice Commander of U . S . Air Forces in Europe at Ramstein Air Base , Germany . His final assignment was commanding USSOCOM at MacDill . He retired November 1 , 2003 .
John Murray ( VC ) John Murray ( February 1837 – 7 November 1911 ) was born at Birr in County Offaly and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was approximately 27 years old , and a sergeant in the 68th ( Durham ) Regiment of Foot ( Light Infantry ) , British Army during the Waikato - Hauhau Maori War , New Zealand when the following deed took place on 21 June 1864 at Tauranga for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . Murray died at Derrinlogh in County Offaly on 7 November 1911 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Durham Light Infantry Museum & Durham Art Gallery in Durham , England . References . Listed in order of publication year
Reichsmarine The Reichsmarine ( English : Imperial Navy ) was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany . It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr , existing from 1919 to 1935 . In 1935 , it became the Kriegsmarine , a branch of the Wehrmacht ; a change implemented by Adolf Hitler . Vorläufige Reichsmarine . The Vorläufige Reichsmarine ( Provisional Imperial Navy ) was formed after the end of World War I from the Kaiserliche Marine . The provisions of the Versailles Treaty restricted the German navy to 15 , 000 men and no submarines , while the fleet was limited to six pre - dreadnought battleships , six cruisers and 12 destroyers . Replacements for the outdated battleships were restricted to a maximum size of 10 , 000 tons . Extent and equipment . The Treaty of Versailles limited the size and armament of the Reichsmarine and prevented it from introducing new technologies . The restrictions were intended to prevent the German navy from becoming a threat to the Allied powers . On the other hand , the Allies had made certain that the Reichsmarine would be in the foreseeable future the strongest power in the Baltic Sea , in order to serve as a counterweight against the new Soviet Union , which was viewed with distrust by the Allies . Germany was only allowed six battleships , six cruisers , twelve destroyers , and twelve torpedo boats . The Reichsmarine tried to meet the arms restrictions with secret armament and technical innovations such as the introduction of the pocket battleship . The legal weight limit for the ships were 35 , 000 tons . List of Reichsmarine ships :
No . 12 Air Experience Flight RAF No . 12 Air Experience Flight ( AEF ) is an Air Experience Flight run by the Air Cadet Organisation of the Royal Air Force . Operational role . 12 AEFs role is the teaching of basic flying to cadets of the Air Training Corps ( ATC ) and Combined Cadet Force ( CCF ) units forming part of the Edinburgh , Aberdeen and Dundee ATC Wings and CCF from the East of Scotland . It currently flies Grob Tutor T1 trainer aircraft , which it shares with East of Scotland Universities ' Air Squadron . History . 12 AEF was formed on 8 September 1958 at RAF Turnhouse , Edinburgh , equipped with Chipmunk T . 10 aircraft . On 1 April 1996 , the unit moved its operational base to RAF Leuchars , where it became parented by East Lowlands Universities Air Squadron and retired its Chipmunks in favour of sharing ELUAS ' s Bulldog T . 1 aircraft .
Ashizuri - class combat support ship The was a class of two support ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) , serving during World War II . Construction . In 1940 , the IJN planned two support ship classes to help their aircraft carriers . One was the 4 , 500 ton " Sunosaki " class , the other one the 8 , 000 ton " Ashizuri " class . The " Ashizuri " was planned to support for two large - sized carriers ( " Akagi " , " Kaga " and " Shōkaku " class ) in the battlefield . The thought is the same as USS " Sacramento " . Service . Not joining the IJN till mid 43 when the Japanese navy was well and truly on the back foot , the ships participated in convoy duties delivering fuel oil around Southeast Asia . Their top speed of 16 knots meant that they would not have been capable of keeping up with the fast carrier battle groups . Ashizuri was sunk by the USS Puffer ( SS268 ) 5 June 1944 , and Shioya was lost to the USS Rasher ( SS269 ) three days later .
Caudron R . 6 The Caudron R . 6 was a French reconnaissance aircraft of World War I . It was a scaled - down version of the Caudron R . 4 . It eliminated the R . 4 ' s nose - gunner and used smaller engines ( Le Rhône s of 82 kW ) . Some 750 of these aircraft were built , three times the production of the original R . 4 design .
William of Tudela William of Tudela ( in Occitan , Guilhem de Tudela ; in French , Guillaume de Tudèle ; fl . 1199 - 1214 ) was the author of the first part of the " Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise " or " Song of the Albigensian Crusade " , an epic poem in Occitan giving a contemporary account of the crusade against the Cathars . According to his own account in the first lines of his poem , William was born in Tudela in Navarre ( Spain ) . He refers to himself as " maestre " and " clerc " , indicating that his studies entitled him to the title of Master and that he had taken minor orders . He specifically states that he studied geomancy . In or around 1199 , William of Tudela went to Montauban ( France ) and lived there for 11 years . He claims that his knowledge of the future through geomancy impelled him to move in 1210 to Bruniquel , which had then just been bestowed on Baldwin , estranged brother of Count Raymond VI of Toulouse . The result of this move ( and possibly one of its aims ) was that William entered Baldwin ' s service . He became canon at Saint - Antonin ( which , in the course of the Albigensian Crusade , Simon IV de Montfort had just captured and given to Baldwin ) . More importantly , William now began to compose the " Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise " . Work on the first part of this poem began in 1210 , William implies , though in the form now known it seems to have been written in its entirety in 1213 . Our knowledge of William ' s life ends in 1213 or 1214 . One date is that of the capture ( on 17 February 1214 ) and subsequent execution of Baldwin by his brother Raymond . William ' s poem speaks of Baldwin as still alive . Moreover , William ' s poem ends before the Battle of Muret on 12 September 1213 : Baldwin ' s participation on the winning side in that battle , in which Raymond lost Toulouse and Raymond ' s feudal overlord Peter II of Aragon was killed , was the excuse for his execution as a traitor . If William survived these events , he was at any rate impelled by them to stop writing . The second part of the " Chanson " is written by another , unknown , poet .
Walter Hagen ( aviator ) Walter Hagen ( 16 March 1897 – 24 November 1963 ) was a German Luftwaffe Stuka pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
United States Navy officer rank insignia In the United States Navy , officers have various ranks , called rates in the USN . Equivalency between services is by pay grade . Rank categories . In the Navy pay grades for officers are : Rank and promotion system . In the event that officers demonstrate superior performance , they are given an increase in pay grade . The official Navy term for this occasion is a promotion . Above the rank of Admiral is the rank of fleet admiral . The rank was held by four officers during World War II and not been held by any officer since . It is reserved for wartime use . The rank of Admiral of the Navy was an earlier equivalent to Fleet Admiral : it was awarded to only one person , George Dewey in 1899 . Efforts to resurrect the rank in the 20th century ( as an O - 12 grade outranking fleet admirals ) failed , making it very unlikely that it will be used again . Commissioned officers originate from the United States Naval Academy , Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps ( NROTC ) , Officer Candidate School ( OCS ) , and a host of other commissioning programs such as the Seaman to Admiral - 21 program and the Limited Duty Officer / Chief Warrant Officer Selection Program . Commissioned officers can generally be divided into line officers and staff corps : See also Commodore ( United States ) - today a title , and formerly a rank . Commissioned Officer Ranks . Not pictured : Chaplain Corps ( Buddhist Faith ) The staff corps devices are also worn on the left collar of uniforms .
French armoured cruiser Montcalm The Montcalm was an armoured cruiser of the French Navy . Built in la Seyne from 27 September 1898 , she was launched on 27 March 1900 and was commissioned on 24 March 1902 , before completing her trials , to ferry the President of the Republic , Émile Loubet , to Russia . She arrived in Kronstadt on 20 May 1902 , receiving Tsar Nicholas II for lunch aboard on the 23rd . Montcalm took part in the Australian capture of Rabaul in September 1914 , details in the Australian Official History of the 1914 - 18 War , Volume Ten . There was some comment on the profile of the ship , bows and stern sections effectively identical , it being thought that this was an attempt to confuse enemy range - finders . She later cruised in the China Sea , notably ferrying Marshal Joseph Joffre in November 1921 . She was decommissioned on the 28 October 1926 and used as a school ship hulk , " Tremintin " , in 1934 . She was still docked in Brest in 1940 and was destroyed during the Occupation in 1943 .
National Veterans Inquiry The National Veterans Inquiry was a national - level inquiry into American war crimes in Vietnam . They were held December 1 – 3 , 1970 in Washington , DC . Origin . In November 1969 , after the My Lai massacre became known , the Bertrand Russell Foundation , with antiwar activists Jeremy Rifkin and lawyer Tod Ensign , organized the Citizens Commission of Inquiry ( CCI ) in the United States to document American war crimes in Vietnam . The CCI , held their first inquiry in February 1970 in Annapolis , Maryland . Further inquiries were held in Springfield , Massachusetts ; Richmond , Virginia ; New York City ; Buffalo ; Boston ; Minneapolis ; Los Angeles ; and , Portland , Oregon . In some cities , the commissions were co - sponsored by antiwar coalitions , in others they were organized independently . Men who had taken part in the CIA ' s Phoenix Program described it as a program based on terror , torture , and assassination .
RFA Bayleaf ( A79 ) RFA " Bayleaf " ( A79 ) was a Leaf - class support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary , and the second ship to bear the name . " Bayleaf " was launched by the Furness Shipbuilding Company of Stockton - on - Tees . She was launched as the civilian " London Integrity " for London & Overseas Freighters in 1954 and completed in 1955 . She was a sister ship of RFA " Brambleleaf " ( A81 ) built by the same shipyard for LOF the previous year . She was bareboat chartered for the RFA in 1959 and renamed RFA " Bayleaf " . She was returned to her owners in 1973 , with whom she traded as the " London Integrity " again until the end of 1976 . On 7 January 1977 she was sold for scrap and on 25 January 1977 she arrived in Burriana in Spain to be broken up .
United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs The United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs is the head of the U . S . Department of Veterans Affairs , the department concerned with veterans ' benefits and related matters . The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and second to last at 17th in the line of succession to the presidency ( the position was last until the addition of the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2006 ) . To date , all appointees and acting appointees to the post have been United States military veterans , but that is not a requirement to fill the position . When the post of Secretary is vacant , the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs or any other person designated by the President serves as Acting Secretary until the President nominates and the United States Senate confirms a new Secretary . On December 8 , 2008 , President Barack Obama announced he would nominate retired army General Eric Shinseki to be the 7th Secretary of Veterans Affairs . He was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on January 20 , 2009 . List of Secretaries of Veterans Affairs . Anthony Principi served as acting secretary in his capacity as Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs September 26 , 1992 — January 20 , 1993 .
8 cm FK M . 5 The 8 cm Feldkanone M 05 was a field gun used by Austria - Hungary during World War I . Guns captured by Italy were used as the Cannone da 77 / 28 modello 5 . It was a conventional design , with its most notable feature being its obsolescent autofrettage d bronze ( so - called steel - bronze ) barrel , necessary because Austria - Hungary still had trouble making steel of the proper quality . Its development was quite prolonged as the Austrians took years to decide on the proper recoil system and type of breech . Even then production difficulties prevented its introduction into service until 1907 . The M 05 was adapted for use in narrow mountain paths as the M 05 / 08 and could be disassembled into 3 loads . The base of the barrel was given lifting grips to speed its removal from the carriage and the carriage itself was modified to allow it to be disassembled . The original version seems to generally have left service after the war , with only Italy retaining a few in service . Some of these were captured by Nazi Germany and pressed into service as the 7 . 65 cm FK ( i ) . The M 05 / 08 was widely used by the Austro - Hungarian successor states after World War I and captured weapons were retained in service by Italy as the Cannone da 77 / 28 modello 5 / 8 . Captured weapons were used by Nazi Germany under the designations 7 . 65 cm FK 5 / 8 ( ö ) or ( t ) and 7 . 65 cm FK 300 ( j ) .
Henry Spencer , 1st Earl of Sunderland Henry Spencer , 1st Earl of Sunderland , 3rd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton ( c . 23 November 1620 – 20 September 1643 ) , known as The Lord Spencer between 1636 and June 1643 , was an English peer from the Spencer family who fought and died in the English civil war on the side of the Cavalier s . Henry was born at Althorp to William Spencer , 2nd Baron Spencer and Lady Penelope Wriothesley , daughter of Henry Wriothesley , 3rd Earl of Southampton , and was baptised on 23 November 1620 at Great Brington church . He attended Magdalen College , Oxford and graduated from there with a Master of Arts degree on 31 August 1636 . He then succeeded to his father ' s title of Baron Spencer later that year on 19 December 1636 . On 20 July 1639 , he married Lady Dorothy Sidney ( who had previously rejected Edmund Waller ' s hand in marriage ) , daughter of Robert Sidney , 2nd Earl of Leicester at Penshurst Place . It was generally believed to be a love marriage and had his father - in - law ' s warm approval : after Sunderland ' s death her father consoled his daughter by reminding her of her happy marriage , which he was happy to have helped bring about . Sunderland and his wife had three children : Henry fought in the Battle of Edgehill in 1642 and was rewarded for his services on 8 June 1643 by being created 1st Earl of Sunderland ( although the title cost him £3000 ) . He then fought in the Siege of Gloucester in August 1643 and the First Battle of Newbury on 20 September 1643 , where he was killed , aged 23 , by a cannonball . Cokayne writes that " he was , according to Clarendon , " a lord of a great fortune , tender years . . . and an early judgment ; who , having no command in the army , attended upon the King ' s person under the obligation of honour ; and putting himself that day into the King ' s troop a volunteer , before they came to charge was taken away by a cannon bullet . ' "
RG - 42 The Soviet RG - 42 was a fragmentation grenade originally introduced during World War II as an emergency measure , continuing in use with the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies in the post - war period . It contained about 200 grams of explosive charge ( TNT ) in a cylindrical can . The grenade could be thrown about 35 – 40 meters and has an effective blast radius of around 10 meters . The total weight of the grenade with the fuse was about 500 grams . It used the 3 . 2 to 4 second UZRGM fuse , also used in the RGD - 5 , RG - 41 , and F1 grenades .
Department of the Army Outstanding Civilian Service Award The Outstanding Civilian Service Award is the third highest honor within the Department of the Army Civilian Awards scheme , that the United States Department of the Army can bestow upon a private citizen . Eligibility . The Secretary of the Army or a major commander may award this medal to eligible recipients , including civilians not employed by the Army or Army contractors ( who are eligible for Army honorary awards ) , military personnel , Federal Government officials at the policy development level , and technical personnel who serve the Army in an advisory capacity or as consultant , for " outstanding service that makes a substantial contribution or is of significance to the Major Command concerned . " Criteria . The Secretary of the Army or a major commander may award this medal for outstanding service that makes a substantial contribution or is of significance to the major Army command concerned . Appearance . Outstanding Civilian Service Award honors consist of a bronze medal , lapel button , and citation certificate . Not to be confused with the Department of the Army Superior Civilian Service Award which is the third highest award that the Army bestows upon government civilian servants or government civilians ( DoD , etc . ) that support the mission objectives of the United States Army .
Canossa Castle The Castle of Canossa is a castle in Canossa , province of Reggio Emilia , northern Italy . It is especially known as the seat of the Walk to Canossa , the meeting of Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy ( 1077 ) . History . The castle was built around 940 by Adalberto Atto , son of Sigifredo of Lucca , a Lombard prince , on the summit of a rocky hill . Apart from Adalberto ' s residence , it included a convent with 12 Benedictine monks and the church of Sant ' Apollonio . It was protected by a triple line of walls ; between the two lower lines were the barracks and the residence of the servants . During the Middle Ages , it was one of the most impregnable castles in Italy . Here in 950 Adelaide of Italy , the widow of King Lothair II , took refuge ; Berengar II of Ivrea besieged her for three years , but in vain . The next most relevant episode is the famous reconciliation between Henry IV and Gregory VII , who was a friend of Matilda of Tuscany , who had inherited the castle , the centre of an impressive chain of watch towers and castles . Matilda established that her lands would be assigned to the Church after her death ( 1115 ) , but her heirs did not accept it . In 1255 the men of Reggio destroyed the castle and the church . Later it was returned to the Canossa family . After the death of Giberto da Correggio in 1321 , it was again a possession of Reggio until 1402 , when Simone , Guido and Alberto Canossa gained it back ; in 1409 , however , they ceded it to the House of Este , who ( apart a short period under Ottavio Farnese , Duke of Parma in 1557 ) held it until 1796 . In 1502 Ercole I d ' Este named the poet Ludovico Ariosto castellan . He resided here for six months . In 1593 Canossa was assigned as fief to the Counts Rondinelli . In 1642 Duke Francesco I entrusted it to the Valentini . The latter were ousted in 1796 by the rebellious local population , who joined the Republic of Reggio . After being returned to the Valentini , in 1878 the Castle was acquired by the Italian State , and was declared a national monument .
Frederik Krag Frederik Krag ( 6 March 1655 – 24 September 1728 ) was a Danish nobleman ( Baron ) and senior civil servant who served kings Frederick IV and Frederick V . He was Governor - General of Norway from 1713 until 1722 . He is not fondly remembered in Norway due to his attempts to subordinate the farmers there in a similar level of service to that which was common in Denmark of the period . Early life . He was born 6 March 1655 in Flensburg , Schleswig , Denmark ( now Schleswig - Holstein , Germany ) . Civil service . Frederik Krag began his government service by serving from 1675 through 1678 with the Danish delegation in Paris and later in Nijmegen for the negotiations among the European powers that aimed to put an end to the constant warfare that had ravaged the continent for years . The result was the Treaty of Nijmegen signed in 1678 , which failed to provide for a lasting peace . Upon returning to Copenhagen he attended the Danish queen for several years ( as a " Kammerjunker " ) , rising to master of ceremonies . It was during this period that he married Baroness Juel . In 1684 he proceeded to the Dutch Republic , remaining there as ambassador until 1688 . He became governor of the Diocese of Viborg and was the magistrate in Hald municipality from 1695 - 1713 . He served as Governor - General of Norway from 1713 until 1722 . Frederik Krag was named a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog , in 1708 , and in 1712 he was elevated to counselor of the Danish realm ( geheimeråd ) . Family . His father Erik Krag ( 1620 – 72 ) served as Supreme Secretary of the Danish chancery and his mother Vibeke Pallesdatter Rosenkrantz ( died in 1708 ) was of the Danish - noble Rosenkrantz line dating back to Knight Neils Rosenkrantz in 1341 . Krag was married three times to women from noble families . He first married Baroness Hedevig Eleonore Juel , the daughter of Baron Jens Juel and niece of Admiral Niels Juel , in 1683 . She died in childbirth in 1685 . His second marriage was with Charlotte Amalie Griffenfeld , the daughter of the Lord Chancellor , Count Peder Griffenfeld in November 1690 in Copenhagen . His third marriage was to 19 - year old Stainless Krag in 1705 ; she survived his death and died in 1755 .