naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Caesar , duc de Choiseul César , duc de Choiseul , comte du Plessis - Praslin ( 1602 – 23 December 1675 ) was a Marshal of France and French diplomat , generally known for the best part of his life as the maréchal ( marshal ) du Plessis - Praslin . He came of an old family of Choiseul , which arose in the valley of the Upper Marne in the 10th century and divided into many branches , three of the names of which , Hostel , Praslin and du Plessis , were borne , at one time or another , by César . Entering the army at the age of fourteen as proprietary colonel of an infantry regiment , he shared in almost all the exploits of the French arms during the reign of Louis XIII . He took part in the siege of La Rochelle , survived the defence of the island of Re against the attacks of the English under the Duke of Buckingham , and accompanied the English forces to Italy in 1629 . In 1630 he became the Italian ambassador to the court of Duke Victor Amadeus I of Savoy , and engaged in diplomatic and administrative work in Italy until 1635 , when the Franco - Spanish War broke out . In the war that followed , Plessis - Praslin distinguished himself in various battles and sieges in Italy , including the action called the " " Route de Quiers " " and the celebrated four - cornered operations round Turin . In 1640 he became governor of Turin , and in 1642 lieutenant - general , and after further service in Italy he became a Marshal of France ( 1645 ) and second in command in Catalonia , where he took Roses . During the first war of the Fronde ( 1648 – 1649 ) , he assisted Condé in the brief siege of Paris ( January 1649 ) ; and in the second war of the Fronde ( 1650 – 1653 ) , remaining loyal to the queen regent Anne of Austria and the court party , he won his greatest triumph in defeating Turenne and the allied Spaniards and rebels at Retbel ( or Blanc - Champ ) in 1650 . He then held high office at the court of Louis XIV , became minister of state in 1652 , and in November 1665 was created duc de Choiseul . He was concerned in some of the negotiations between Louis and Charles II of England which led to the treaty of Dover ( 1670 ) , and died in Paris on 23 December 1675 .
1914 Star The 1914 Star ( colloquially known as the Mons Star ) was a British Empire campaign medal for service in World War I . The 1914 Star was approved in 1917 , for issue to officers and men of British forces who served in France or Belgium between 5 August and midnight 22 / 23 November 1914 . The former date is the day after Britain ' s declaration of war against the Central Powers , and the closing date marks the end of the First Battle of Ypres . The majority of recipients were officers and men of the pre - war British army , specifically the British Expeditionary Force ( the " Old Contemptibles " ) , who landed in France soon after the outbreak of the War and who took part in the Retreat from Mons ( hence the nickname ' Mons Star ' ) . 365 , 622 were awarded in total . Recipients of this medal also received the British War Medal and Victory Medal . These three medals were sometimes irreverently referred to as Pip , Squeak and Wilfred . A very similar medal , the 1914 - 15 Star , was also issued , but no person could receive both awards . Alfred Anderson was the last known living recipient of the medal .
John Henry Stephen Dimmer Lieutenant Colonel John Henry Stephen Dimmer VC MC ( 9 October 1883 – 21 March 1918 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born on 9 October 1883 , Dimmer was 31 years old , married , and a lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion , The King ' s Royal Rifle Corps , and was awarded the VC for his actions on 12 November 1914 at Klein Zillebeke , Belgium . Citation . Dimmer later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel . He was killed in action at Marteville , France on 21 March 1918 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum , Winchester , England .
W73 The W73 was an American nuclear warhead for the AGM - 53 Condor air to surface missile . The W73 was cancelled in 1970 in favor of a purely conventional warhead for the Condor . None were produced . The Condor was approved for production in 1975 but then cancelled in early 1976 . Specifications for the W73 are poorly publicly documented . The Condor missile was 17 inches in diameter and had a 268 kilogram conventional warhead alternative to the W73 nuclear warhead . The W73 was reportedly a design derivative or variant of the B61 nuclear bomb .
General der Flieger General der Flieger ( literally : General of the Flyers ) was a General ’ s rank of the German Luftwaffe . Until the end of WW2 , the German rank of General was a 3 - star rank , equivalent to a US Lieutenant general . The German equivalent of a US 4 - star General was a Generaloberst . The rank was equivalent to the long established " General der Kavallerie " , " General der Artillerie " and " General der Infanterie " . The Wehrmacht also introduced " General der Gebirgstruppe n " ( mountain troops ) , " General der Pioniere " ( engineers ) , " General der Fallschirmtruppe n " ( parachute troops ) , " General der Nachrichtentruppe n " ( communication troops ) , and " General der Panzertruppe n " ( armored troops ) .
Nakajima Ki - 87 The Nakajima Ki - 87 was a Japanese high - altitude fighter - interceptor of World War II . It was a single , exhaust - driven turbo - supercharged engined , low - wing monoplane with a conventional undercarriage . Design and development . The Ki - 87 was developed in response to American B - 29 Superfortress raids on the Home Islands . It followed up on earlier research by Nakajima and the Technical Division of Imperial Army Headquarters into boosting a large radial engine with an exhaust - driven turbo - supercharger , which had begun in 1942 , well before the B - 29 raids began . The efforts of the Technical Division of Imperial Army Headquarters eventually culminated into the Tachikawa Ki - 94 - I , while the Ki - 87 was developed as a fall - back project , using less stringent requirements . Nakajima started in July 1943 with the construction of three prototypes , to be completed between November 1944 and January 1945 , and seven pre - production aircraft , to be delivered by April 1945 . The Technical Division of Imperial Army Headquarters made itself felt during the development of the Ki - 87 prototype when they insisted upon placing the turbo - supercharger in the rear - fuselage , and from the sixth prototype the Nakajima fighter was to have that arrangement . The Ki - 87 had a Curtiss P - 40 Warhawk - like undercarriage , as space in the wing was needed for ammunition for the wing - mounted cannon . The 90° rearwards retracting undercarriage was to provide that needed space . Construction was delayed due to problems with the electrical undercarriage and the turbo - supercharger , and the first prototype was not completed until February 1945 ; it first flew in April , but only five test flights were completed , all with the undercarriage in the extended position . A further variant , the Ki - 87 - II , powered by a 3 , 000 hp Nakajima Ha . 217 ( Ha . 46 ) engine and with the turbo - supercharger in the same position as the P - 47 Thunderbolt , never went further than the drawing board . Operational history . Production of 500 aircraft was planned , but the war ended before any more than the single prototype were built . Aircraft markings . The sole completed prototype was in natural metal finish ; some paintings show a black anti - glare area in front of the cockpit , but this is not seen on any of the known photographs of the plane .
John Herbert Claiborne Dr . John Herbert Claiborne ( March 16 , 1828 – 1905 ) was a prominent Virginia politician and a leading medical administrator commanding a series of hospitals serving wounded Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War . Born in 1828 in Virginia , Claiborne completed his medical studies in Philadelphia in 1851 . That same year , he estasblished a practice in Petersburg and served later as a House of Delegates representative and senator in the Virginia state government . In 1862 , Claiborne was ordered to establish a hospital in Petersburg for treatment of wounded soldiers and was made in charge in local Confederate forces . By the time of the Siege of Petersburg , he was the executive officer in charge of all military hospitals in Petersburg . The system in the city included seven hospitals at first , but by the time of the siege , they were consolidated into two buildings on the western side of Petersburg to avoid the shelling from the east . Claiborne ' s first wife , Sara Joseph Alston , died shortly after the war . He remarried and raised another family with his second wife , Annie Leslie Watson . He continued to practice in Petersburg and died in 1905 . References . " This article was based on the National Park Service ' s article on John Claiborne , which , as a creation of a branch of the US Government , is presumed to be in the public domain . "
Sailor ' s Creek Battlefield Historical State Park Sailor ' s Creek Battlefield State Park is a park in Virginia . It includes a portion of the landmarked Sayler ' s Creek Battlefield , an area of that was the site of the 1865 Battle of Sayler ' s Creek in the American Civil War . It is also likely that some of the park is not included in the four separated parcels that were landmarked . The park includes picnic tables and barbecue grills available for use . The Overton - Hillsman House was used as a field hospital during and after the battle , and is open to visitors in the summer and by request . The park also hosts living history events during the year . The park name appears to be a further misspelling of Saylor , a farmer after whose land the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek was named in 1865 . Some official records such as those of the National Historic Landmark program refer to this park as being named the Sayler ' s Creek Battlefield State Park .
Gomaji Naik Gomaji Naik Pansambal was a warrior and military adviser in the army of Shivaji , founder of the Maratha Empire in 17th century India . He is one of his Guru s . Gomaji was deputed by Lakhuji Yadavrao to look after Jijabai . He remained with Jijabai and Shivaji throughout his life . He was a master of sword . But most important is that he advised Shivaji in making certain crucial decisions which had far reaching effects on the character of the Maratha empire as such . When Shivaji was a novice , a troop of Pathans had come to Shivaji requesting enrollment in his service . Shivaji was a little hesitant , but Gomaji advised him to take them into the service . This resulted in the secular character of the Maratha Empire . He also taught swordsmanship to Shivaji , especially the lance , the characteristic Maratha weapon .
Nikolai Filatov Nikolai Mikhailovich Filatov ( ) ( October 11 ( 23 ) , 1862 - February 24 , 1935 ) was a Russia n scientist in the field of theory of shooting from small arms , Hero of Socialist Labor ( 1928 ) . Nikolai Filatov graduated from the Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy in 1887 and became a teacher at the Moscow Infantry School . In 1892 - 1917 , he taught at the Oranienbaum Officer Shooting School and tested automatic small firearms at the firing range on school premises , which he had founded in 1905 . Nikolai Filatov was the one to support the work of the first Russian inventors and automatic weapons designers , such as Vladimir Fyodorov , Fedor Tokarev , Yakov Roshchepey , Vasily Degtyaryov and others . After the October Revolution , Nikolai Filatov assisted in preparing the first Soviet infantry officer personnel . In 1918 , he was appointed director of the Higher Shooting School of the Red Army , created on the basis of the Oranienbaum Officer Shooting School . In 1922 , Nikolai Filatov became chairman of the shooting committee of the Red Army and then infantry inspection member . He authored the " Notes on the Theory of Shooting " ( " Записки по теории стрельбы " ; 1897 ) and many other works . Nikolai Filatov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour .
No . 5 Fighter Sector RAAF No . 5 Fighter Sector RAAF ( 5FS ) was a Royal Australian Air Force unit formed at Sandfly Gully , Darwin , Northern Territory , on 25 February 1942 . It was responsible for fighter aircraft control and coordination in the Darwin region . 5FS plotted and relayed the positions of enemy aircraft to put Allied fighters in an optimum position for interception , in cooperation with RDF and anti - aircraft defences . It was manned twenty - four hours a day . Initially set up in tents near Sandfly Gully , south of the RAAF Darwin runway in early 1942 , 5FS ' s position was deemed to be too exposed and the unit relocated to Berrimah , Northern Territory , near No . 119 Australian General Hospital , where an operations room had been constructed . 5FS was renamed No . 105 Fighter Sector on 24 October 1943 , and again to No . 105 Fighter Control Unit ( 105FCU ) on 7 March 1944 . The Fighter Sector complex encompassed 87 buildings by the end of World War II . 105FCU was disbanded at Darwin on 21 January 1945 . It was reformed as Air Defence Headquarters ( Darwin ) on 21 January 1945 , which disbanded on 18 April 1946 .
HMS Walrus ( S08 ) HMS " Walrus " ( S08 ) was the last of the " Porpoise " class submarine s of the Royal Navy . She was launched on 22 September 1959 , and commissioned on 10 February 1961 . Royal Navy Service . On one occasion during exercises with an error resulted in a practice torpedo becoming embedded in the submarine ' s casing . Following an 18 month refit at Devonport Dockyard she commissioned for the third time on 3 December 1969 . In 1970 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days " Walrus " also attended the 1977 Silver Jubilee Fleet Review off Spithead when she was part of the Submarine Flotilla . She was sold in 1987 to the Seaforth Group to be refitted for resale to Egypt , but was broken up at Grimsby in 1991 .
53rd Indian Infantry Brigade The 53rd Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in March 1942 , in India . In April 1942 , it was assigned to the 20th Indian Infantry Division but was soon after in August 1942 transferred to the 25th Indian Infantry Division , staying with the 23rd until the end of the war .
Fan dance ( exercise ) The Fan Dance is part of the Fitness and Navigation phase of the selection process of the UK ' s Special Forces personnel . It has also been used on courses run by the Pathfinder Group and the Infantry Battle School , Brecon , Wales . It is a 24 kilometre long distance march in the Brecon Beacons of Wales that takes place at the end of the first week of the selection course . It is used as the first major indicator of whether a candidate has the physical and mental determination to complete the selection course . The candidates are divided into two groups and each starts from opposite sides of Pen y Fan , an 886 metre high peak . One group starts at Torpantau railway station , the other at the Storey Arms Mountain Rescue Centre . Each participant carries an 18 kilogram Bergen backpack , a rifle ( a further five kg ) and a water bottle . The candidates climb Pen y Fan and descend on the far side , they then turn around and reverse the route . The Fan Dance is distinct from the Long Drag , a 64 km march with a 25 kg backpack that is the culminating event of the Fitness and Navigation phase of the selection course . The time allotted for the Fan Dance is four hours , fifteen minutes .
Yu Dayou Yú Dàyóu ( 俞大猷 ) ( 1503 – 1579 ) was a Chinese general during the Ming Dynasty , best known for the suppression of " wokou " piracy along China ' s southeastern coast . Yu was born in Jinjiang , Fujian to a military family and served as regional commander in five border areas of China . In addition to being a strategist , Yú was also a martial artist who specialized in a style of weapon fighting called " Jingchu Changjian " . General Yu studied martial arts in Shaolin Temple , and later wrote and compiled 正氣堂集 ( Zheng Qi Tang Ji ) , " Compilation of Vital Energy " . In his book , is a section called " Jian jing " ( " Sword Classic " or " Sword Treatise " ) which later became its own martial arts manual . Around 1560 , Yú Dàyóu travelled to Shaolin Monastery to observe the monks ' fighting techniques . As a result Yú returned to the south along with two monks , Zongqing and Pucong , whom he taught the use of the staff over the next three years . Zongqing and Pucong later returned to Shaolin Monastery and taught other monks what they had learned . Nineteenth - century martial arts expert Tang Hao traced the Shaolin staff style " Wǔ Hǔ Lán " ( 五虎攔 ; “ Five Tigers Interception ” ) to Yú ' s teachings . Yú Dàyóu was also the father of Yú Zīgou ( 俞咨臯 ) , who became an admiral himself . Yú Zīgou defeated the Dutch in 1624 and forced them to retreated from the Pescadore s to Formosa ( Taiwan ) . In 1628 Yú was defeated by a coastal pirate named Zheng Zhilong .
Dimitrie Macedonski Dimitrie Macedonski or Dimitrios Makedonski ( ) ( circa 1780 – 1843 ) was a Wallachia n Pandur captain and revolutionary leader . Origin . Ηe was a Greek military officer of the Russia n army . His origin was from Macedonia . He adopted the surname " Macedonski " in Russia , which referred to his home place . He was a son of Stoyan Mincho ( Stogiannis Mintsos ) , a local chieftain from Macedonia . After the Russo - Turkish wars in the late 18th century the family of Mincho emigrated beyond the Danube . Life . Stoyan Mincho ' s son Dimitrie was a volunteer in the Russo - Turkish War ( 1806 – 1812 ) . Afterwards , he was awarded for his bravery and produced in Lieutenant . Later he held different administrative positions in Wallachia and Moldavia . Taking part in the Greek War of Independence in Wallachian battle fields , he was appointed Tudor Vladimirescu ' s lieutenant by boyar allies of the revolutionaries , on January 15 . Sympathetic to the Philikí Etaireía and suspicious of Tudor ' s level of commitment to the cause , Macedonski , together with Giorgakis Olympios and Iannis Pharmakis , deposed and arrested the rebel leader . Dimitrie Macedonski was also involved in revolutionary agitation in 1840 Wallachia . as member of a radical conspiracy led by Mitică Filipescu and Nicolae Bălcescu . He was the grandfather of Romanian poet Alexandru Macedonski .
Zilkale Zilkale is a medieval castle located in the Fırtına Valley ( literally : " Stormy Valley " ) , and is one of the most important historical structures in Çamlıhemşin district of Rize Province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey . The castle is built at an altitude of , and sits at the edge of a cliff overlooking the Fırtına Creek ( approximately below running at an elevation of southeast of it . The castle consists of outer walls , middle walls and inner castle . There are garrison quarters , and a possible chapel and head tower . It is believed that the castle was built in the 14th - 15th century . Etymology . Zilkale : Turkish zil for " bell " and ( Turkish ) kale for " castle " . Alternatively : Zilkale : Persian zir " lower " and ( Turkish ) kale for " castle " .
Cicaré Helicópteros Cicaré Helicópteros S . A . ( originally Cicaré Aeronáutica S . A . ) is an Argentine helicopter manufacturer founded by Augusto Cicaré in Buenos Aires in the 1970s to develop aircraft of his own design . A number of prototypes were constructed , including one under contract from the Argentine Air Force , but no great successes were achieved until the CH - 7 light sporting helicopter in the 1990s . In March 2007 the first prototype of Cicaré CH - 14 a light helicopter for the Argentine army was ready . On March 18 , 2010 they presented the CH - 7B and CH - 12 during the EAA Argentina Annual Meeting .
Thanjavur Air Force Station Thanjavur Air Force Station of the Indian Air Force ( IAF ) is located in Thanjavur ( also known as Tanjore ) in Tamil Nadu , India . It is home to a squadron of the IAF ' s Sukhoi Su - 30 MKI supermaneuverable fighter aircraft - the first IAF fighter squadron in Tamil Nadu . The facility was expected to start functioning by 2012 . However , the schedule was delayed and the airbase was inaugurated on 27 May 2013 by Defence Minister A . K . Antony . History . The airfield was used by the Royal Air force during World War II as a base for its Lockheed Hudson , Vickers Wellington , Hawker Hurricane , and P - 47 Thunderbolt aircraft . After the war the airfield was handed over to the government for civilian use and eventually came under the jusrisdiction of the Airports Authority of India ( AAI ) . In the early ' 90s , Thanjavur was connected with Chennai via the Vayudoot Flight Service , which was stopped due to poor patronage . The IAF took over the airfield in March 1990 . During the heavy floods in Tamil Nadu in November 2008 , IAF helicopters operating from Thanjavur dropped 15 , 000 kg of relief materials to the affected areas . Facilities . The airport is situated at an elevation of above mean sea level . It has two runways with concrete surfaces : 07 / 25 measuring and 14 / 32 measuring . Recent aerial photography only shows extension of Runway 07 / 25 to 9000 feet with parallel taxiway and aprons under construction .
Timothy Jenner Air Marshal Sir Timothy Ivo Jenner KCB , FRAeS , RAF ( born 31 December 1945 ) , is a retired senior Royal Air Force commander who since retirement has worked for Serco Group . RAF career . Educated at Maidstone Grammar School , Jenner joined the Royal Air Force in 1967 . He trained as a Westland Wessex ( Sikorsky H - 34 ) helicopter pilot in 1968 and on 15 August 1969 he became the first pilot to land a Wessex helicopter in Northern Ireland at the start of The Troubles . From 1976 he flew Puma s . He became Officer Commanding No . 33 Squadron in 1982 , Military Assistant to the Assistant Chief of Defence Staff ( Commitments ) in 1985 and Military Assistant to the Deputy Chief of Defence Staff ( Programmes and Personnel ) in 1986 . He went on to be Station Commander of RAF Shawbury in 1987 , Deputy Director of Air Force Plans in 1990 and Director of Defence Programmes in 1992 . After that he was appointed Air Officer Plans at Headquarters RAF Strike Command in 1993 , Assistant Chief of Defence Staff ( Costs Review ) in 1993 and Assistant Chief of the Air Staff in 1996 . His final appointments were as Deputy Commander - in - Chief of Strike Command in 1998 and as Commander of the Combined Air Operations Centre in 2000 before he retired in 2001 . He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the Birthday Honours 2000 . In retirement he became Chairman of Serco Defence & Aerospace . He is Chairman of Hellidon Parish Council in Northamptonshire . Family . In 1968 he married Susan Stokes : they have two daughters .
Dual Cycle Rifle The Dual Cycle Rifle ( DCR ) was a 5 . 56x45mm NATO calibre revolver - type assault rifle that used a unique gas operation with a Webley - Fosbery - type grooved cylinder enabling 3 - round bursts capable of firing 4 , 900 rounds per minute . Overview . The Dual Cycle Rifle used a mechanism that would fire from a single barrel a full - auto three round burst at approximately 4 , 900 rounds per minute , assisted by a revolver - type cylinder with 3 round chambers on half of its side . The rifle mechanism used a cam and follower mechanism . The cam path controlled the basic function of the rifle action to obtain the highest rate of fire with minimum operating rod velocities and provided the ability to fire the three - round bursts . The three rounds were loaded simultaneously into a chamber and the chamber indexed to fire out each round before extraction . This removed the need for a full stroke cartridge handling mechanism .
HMS York ( 1654 ) Marston Moor was a 52 - gun third rate frigate built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Blackwall Yard , and launched in 1654 . After the Restoration in 1660 , she was renamed HMS " York " . By 1677 her armament had been increased to 60 guns . " York " was wrecked in 1703 .