naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division ( German Empire ) The 2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division ( " 2 . Bayerische Landwehr - Division " ) was a unit of the Bavarian Army , part of the Imperial German Army , in World War I . The division was formed on December 31 , 1916 . It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . It was composed primarily of troops of the Landwehr . Combat chronicle . The 2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division initially served on the Eastern Front , entering the line in the Baltic region near Riga . In September 1917 , it participated in the Battle of Riga . The division then remained on the line on the Duna River until the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917 . For most of 1918 , it served in Livonia and Estonia as part of the German occupation forces . In October 1918 , it was transferred to the Western Front , and occupied a portion of the trenchline in Lorraine until the end of World War I . Allied intelligence rated the division as fourth class . Order of battle on formation . The 2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division was formed as a triangular division with one brigade of three infantry regiments . The order of battle of the division on February 19 , 1917 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . As German divisional organizations had become fairly standardized by late 1916 when the division was formed , it underwent relatively few organizational changes over the course of the war . It received a divisional signals command in September 1917 , and did not receive an artillery command until October 1918 . The order of battle on March 4 , 1918 was as follows :
Albert T . Morgan Albert T . Morgan ( died 15 April 1922 ) was a Civil War soldier and Reconstruction - era Radical Republican senator of the Mississippi legislature . He would write " Yazoo : On the Picket Line of Freedom in the South : A Personal Narrative " about his experiences in Yazoo City , Mississippi .
The Deserter ( poem ) The Deserter is a British First World War poem , written in 1916 by Winifred Mary Letts ( 1882 - 1972 ) . It tells the story of a young British soldier who is shot for desertion . It has been included in several anthologies of First World War poems . The poem is used as one of many in Opening Lines , a GCSE English book . It is written in iambic tetrameter .
Albert Wodrig Albert Wodrig ( 16 July 1883 – 31 October 1972 ) was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the XXVI . Corps . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Battle of Puerto de Cavite The naval Battle of Puerto de Cavite took place on 10 June 1647 during the Eighty Years ' War between a Spanish fleet and a Dutch fleet in Puerto de Cavite , an important Spanish port in Manila Bay , Philippines in which the Dutch were defeated . Battle . Twelve Dutch ships besieged Puerto de Cavite , the home of the Manila galleon s , on June 10 . The Spaniards and Filipinos defended the port with artillery fire and sank the Dutch flagship . Subsequently the Dutch left with the Spaniards and Filipinos still maintaining control over the port . This came at a great cost since Porta Vaga , a Spanish stone fort that defended the area , was destroyed . The Dutch then went on to harass the Manila Bay area until the war ' s end in 1648 with the Treaty of Münster . Port . The port , " Puerto de Cavite " , was one of many important Spanish naval possessions in Manila Bay in the Captaincy General of the Philippines , and facilitated the Manila galleons trade between the Philippines and New Spain ( present day Mexico ) . Puerto de Cavite is located in present day Cavite City .
Adolphe Niel Adolphe Niel ( 4 October 1802 – 13 August 1869 ) was a French Army general and statesman , also Marshal of France . He was born at Muret , Haute - Garonne and entered the École Polytechnique in 1821 . Niel entered the engineer school at Metz , became lieutenant in the Engineers Corps in 1827 , and captain in 1833 . At the storming of Constantine , Algeria , Niel led the engineer detachment with one of the storming parties , and his conduct gained for him the rank of " chef de bataillon " in 1837 . Niel was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1840 and to colonel in 1846 . His next war service was as Chief of Staff to General Vaillant during the 1849 siege of Rome , after which he was made general of brigade and director of engineer services at headquarters . In 1851 , Niel became a member of the Committee of Fortifications . He became a member of the council of state in 1852 and in 1853 was promoted to general of the division . In the first part of the Crimean War , Niel was employed in the expedition to the Baltic Sea and directed engineering operations against Bomarsund . Early in 1855 Niel was sent to the Crimea , where he succeeded General Bizot as chief of engineers . For some years Niel had been the most trusted military adviser of Napoleon III , and he was now empowered to advise the generals on the spot in accordance with the wishes of the sovereign and the home government . Niel managed to carry out this delicate and difficult task with as much success as could be expected , and he directed siege operations at the Battle of Malakoff . His reward was the grand cross of the " Légion d ' honneur " . From 1855 to 1859 Niel was employed at headquarters and also served in the French Senate . In the war against the Austrians , Niel commanded the IV Corps and took part in the Battle of Magenta and the Battle of Solferino . Niel was made a marshal of France on the field at Solferino . After he served for some years in a home command , Niel became minister of war and held the position from 1867 to 1869 . In this capacity he drafted and began to carry out a far - reaching scheme of army reform , based on universal service and the automatic creation of large reserves which needed only time to mature . Under his system , those men who had purchased exemption from conscription into the army would nonetheless be called up into a new service , the Garde Mobile . He also was able to rearm the whole of the army with the " chassepot " rifle , but not the Garde Mobile . He did not live to complete the development of his system . Niel died in Paris during an operation for a bladder stone , and a year later the Franco - Prussian War destroyed the old imperial army upon which the new formations were to have been grafted .
CBU - 55 The CBU - 55 was a cluster bomb Fuel Air Explosive that was developed during the Vietnam War , by the United States Army , and was used only once in warfare . Unlike most incendiaries , which contained napalm or phosphorus , the 750 pound CBU - 55 was fueled primarily by propane . Described as a " the most powerful non - nuclear weapon in the U . S . arsenal , " the device was one of the more powerful conventional weapons designed for warfare . Design . The device had three main compartments , with propane , a blend of other gases , perhaps chlorine triphospate , or another oxidizing agent , and an explosive . The CBU - 55 had two variations . The CBU - 55 / B consisted of 3 BLU - 73A / B fuel - air explosive sub - munitions in a SUU - 49 / B Tactical Munitions Dispenser , and the CBU - 55A / B had 3 BLU - 73A / B sub - munitions in a SUU - 49A / B dispenser ) . The SUU - 49 / B dispenser could be carried only by helicopters or low - speed aircraft , whereas the SUU - 49A / B was redesigned with a strongback and folding tailfins , so that they could also be delivered by high - speed aircraft as well . History . The first generation of the CBU - 55 was used during the Vietnam War . By April 21 , 1975 , South Vietnam had largely been conquered by the military from the north . Earlier in the month , a single CBU - 55 had been flown from Thailand to the Bien Hoa airbase . The senior military officer in Vietnam , Major General Homer Smith , cleared the way for the Saigon government to use the weapon against the North Vietnamese Army . A Vietnamese C - 130 transport plane circled Xuan Loc at , then dropped the bomb . The contents exploded in a fireball over a area . Experts estimated that 250 soldiers had been killed , primarily by the immediate depletion of oxygen rather than from burns . The CBU - 55 was never used again in the war , and South Vietnam ' s government surrendered on April 30 . A second - generation of the CBU - 55 ( and CBU - 72 ) fuel - air weapons entered the United States military arsenal after the Vietnam War , and were used by the United States in Iraq during Operation Desert Storm .
Robert T . Kuroda Robert Toshio Kuroda ( November 8 , 1922 – October 20 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier . He was a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Early life . Kuroda was born in Hawaii . He was the son of immigrants who were born in Japan . He is a " Nisei " , which means that he is a second generation Japanese - American . Soldier . Kuroda joined the Army in March 1943 . Kuroda volunteered to join the all - " Nisei " 442nd Regimental Combat Team . This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland . On October 20 , 1944 , Kuroda was serving as a staff sergeant in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team . On that day , near Bruyères , France , he single - handedly attacked two enemy machine gun emplacements before being killed by a sniper . For these actions , he was posthumously awarded the Army ' s second - highest decoration , the Distinguished Service Cross . A 1990s review of service records for Asian Americans who received the Distinguished Service Cross during World War II led to Kuroda ' s award being upgraded to the Medal of Honor . In a ceremony at the White House on June 21 , 2000 , his surviving family was presented with his Medal of Honor by President Bill Clinton . Twenty - one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony , all but seven of them posthumously . Kuroda , aged 21 at his death , was buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu , Hawaii . Medal of Honor citation . Staff Sergeant Kuroda ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Staff Sergeant Robert T . Kuroda distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action , on 20 October 1944 , near Bruyeres , France . Leading his men in an advance to destroy snipers and machine gun nests , Staff Sergeant Kuroda encountered heavy fire from enemy soldiers occupying a heavily wooded slope . Unable to pinpoint the hostile machine gun , he boldly made his way through heavy fire to the crest of the ridge . Once he located the machine gun , Staff Sergeant Kuroda advanced to a point within ten yards of the nest and killed three enemy gunners with grenades . He then fired clip after clip of rifle ammunition , killing or wounding at least three of the enemy . As he expended the last of his ammunition , he observed that an American officer had been struck by a burst of fire from a hostile machine gun located on an adjacent hill . Rushing to the officer ' s assistance , he found that the officer had been killed . Picking up the officer ' s submachine gun , Staff Sergeant Kuroda advanced through continuous fire toward a second machine gun emplacement and destroyed the position . As he turned to fire upon additional enemy soldiers , he was killed by a sniper . Staff Sergeant Kuroda ' s courageous actions and indomitable fighting spirit ensured the destruction of enemy resistance in the sector . Staff Sergeant Kuroda ' s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him , his unit , and the United States Army .