naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS J5 HMS " J5 ( later HMAS " J5 ) was a First World War J class submarine built for the Royal Navy by HM Dockyard at Devonport in Plymouth . The J ' s were three - screw diesel electric submarines of some 1 , 800 tons armed with six torpedo tubes , two of these in the beam position , and a 4 - inch gun . They were built to have a fast surfaced speed ; in practice nearly 20 knots . " J5 " was launched on 9 September 1915 and commissioned on 6 May 1916 . She and the other J ' s were members of the 11th Submarine Flotilla . She served in the North Sea chiefly in operations against German destroyers and U - boat s , most of encounters were with the latter . Although engaging several times with enemies the closest she got to sinking the enemy was striking " U - 86 " with a torpedo which did not explode . After the war , she was transferred along with other members of her class to Australia on 25 March 1919 . There she operated out of Geelong until paid off on 12 July 1922 as a cost - saving exercise . She was sold on 26 February 1924 and after stripping she , " J1 " , and " J2 " were scuttled in the ship graveyard off Port Phillip Heads on 4 June 1926 . The wreck of the J5 lies in of water at and can be accessed by experienced divers .
Sudanese Air Force The Sudanese Air Force ( ) is the air force operated by the Republic of the Sudan . As such it is part of the Sudanese Armed Forces . History . The Sudanese Air Force was founded immediately after Sudan gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1956 . The British assisted in the Air Force ' s establishment , providing equipment and training . Four new Hunting Provost T Mk 53s were delivered for jet training in 1957 . The following year , the Sudanese Air Force ' s transport wing acquired its first aircraft , a single Hunting President . In 1960 the Sudanese Air Force received an additional four re - furbished RAF Provosts and two more Hunting Presidents . Also in 1960 , the transport wing ' s capability was increased by the addition of two Pembroke C Mk 54 s . The Air Force gained its first combat aircraft when 12 Jet Provosts with a close air support capability were delivered in 1962 . In the 1960s Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and People ' s Republic of China started supplying the Sudanese Air Force with aircraft . This included supply of Shenyang F - 5 fighters ( F - 5 / FT - 5 variants ) of which 70 , after being retired from the air force later , were sold to Jordan . Inventory . The air force flies a mixture of transport planes , fighter jets and helicopter s sourced from places including the European Union , Russia , China and the United States . However , not all the aircraft are in a fully functioning condition and the availability of spare parts is limited . In 1991 , the two main air bases were at the capital Khartoum and Wadi Sayyidna near Omdurman . On April 4 , 2001 , a Sudanese Antonov An - 24 aircraft crashed in Adaril ( Adar Yeil , Adar Yale ) , Sudan . The fifteen dead included a general , seven lieutenant generals , three brigadiers , a colonel , a lieutenant colonel and a corporal . Sudan has also made a successful deal to buy two different batches of 12 MiG - 29 Russian fighter jets each . There are 23 MiG - 29s in active service as of late 2008 . However , the rebel Justice and Equality Movement claimed to have shot down one MiG - 29 with large - caliber machine - gun fire on 10 May 2008 , killing the pilot of the plane , a retired Russian Air Force fighter pilot ; the Sudanese government denied the allegation . South Sudan also claimed to have shot down a Sudanese MiG - 29 during the 2012 border conflict . During May , June , and August 2011 , members of the UN Panel of Experts on the Sudan documented the following aircraft in Darfur , potentially indicating violations of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556 : In August 2013 , pictures showed Su - 24 ' s in Sudanese colors , reporting that the aircraft were among the ex Belarusian Air Force Su - 24 ' s retired in 2012 . Retired Aircraft . Shenyang J - 6
Fort Pitt Foundry The Fort Pitt Foundry was a nineteenth - century iron foundry in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It was originally established at Fifth Avenue and Smithfield Street in 1804 by Joseph McClurg , grandfather of Joseph W . McClurg . It was later moved to the area of Pittsburgh now known as the Strip District at 12th and Etna . It was an early producer of ordinance for the United States , and manufactured cannonballs for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry ' s forces in the War of 1812 . It was best known for the manufacture of large cannon . One of the largest was a 20 inch bore Rodman Gun , a large black powder , smoothbore , muzzle - loading coastal defense gun . The foundry was closed after the Civil War ended . It was eventually sold to a rival in 1878 .
Battle of Abancay The Battle of Abancay was a battle that took place during the Spanish conquest of Peru . After emerging as the victor both in the siege of Cuzco and from initial disputes between the Pizarro brothers with allies and the Almagristas under Diego de Almagro , who had seized the former Inca capital upon rescuing Hernando Pizarro and Gonzalo Pizarro from emerging defeat , imprisoning them both . Unable to break the siege on his own , and having lost his youngest brother , Pizarro gathered a new army from Spanish settlers traveling to New Castile to find further wealth . The expedition force , commanded by Alonso de Alvarado , was completely defeated by Almagrist forces . Alvarado was captured during the battle but managed to escape with Gonzalo Pizarro when Marshal Almagro left the main force with Hernando under his control . Hernando was later released as well with the condition that he would return to Spain within six weeks to ensure Francisco would not interfere in Almagro ' s future reign in Peru . This proved to be a mistake as the Pizarro brothers and Alvarado raised another army and faced Almagro yet again in a struggle for power at Las Salinas .
Leibermuster Although it has been claimed that " carbon black " was used in the pattern to defeat then nascent infrared night vision devices , it is more likely that the red in the pattern was used for that reason , as the issue in night vision is how to make camouflage colors reflect more infrared light rather than less . Wartime photographic evidence shows herringbone twill field blouses ( tunics ) and trousers made in the Leibermuster camouflage . At least one apparently genuine example of a winter parka in Leibermuster was seen after the war . More often , Leibermuster material shows up as post - war examples of clothing for civilian use . Reproduction Leibermuster uniforms , created for collectors and reenactors , have become available on the market through European vendors . Reproductions are made in China and Turkey .
Battle of Maella The Battle of Maella was a battle of the First Carlist War , occurring on October 1 , 1838 , near the Aragonese town of Maella . The battle was a Carlist victory and resulted in the routing of most of the Liberal forces . The Carlist forces were composed of some 3 , 500 infantrymen and 500 cavalry . The Liberals counted on some 5 , 000 infantry and 300 cavalry . During the fighting , Ramón Cabrera was wounded in the arm but led a desperate cavalry charge , raising the morale of his forces and throwing the Liberal forces into disarray . The Liberal forces counterattacked , throwing the Carlist left guard into disarray . However , Cabrera led four companies of infantry and defeated the Liberal forces . Pardiñas also attempted to rally his troops , but was unsuccessful , and he died in combat . The Liberals retreated to Caspe .
SS Empire Barracuda Empire Barracuda was a 4 , 972 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1918 for the United States Shipping Board ( USSB ) as Sacandaga . She was sold to American Diamond Lines Inc in 1932 and renamed Black Heron . In 1941 she passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and was renamed " Empire Barracuda " . She was torpedo ed on 15 December 1942 and sunk by " U - 77 " . History . " Sacandaga " was built by American International Shipbuilding Co , Hog Island , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania as yard number 494 . She was laid down on 20 March 1918 , launched on 20 October 1918 and completed on 12 January 1919 . She was built for the USSB , but was sold in 1919 to the Carolina Co , and placed under the management of American Palmetto Line . In 1925 she was returned to the ownership of the USSB . In 1931 , she was sold to American Diamond Lines Inc and in 1932 " Sacandaga " was renamed " Black Heron " . In 1939 , " Black Heron " was serving Baltimore , Boston , Newport News , New York , and Norfolk in the United States and Antwerp , in Belgium with Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the Netherlands . War service . On 10 January 1941 , a fire broke out aboard " Black Heron " whilst she was moored at Brooklyn Pier , New York . Although some matresses andmedical supplies were destroyed , three bomber s being carried were undamaged . In 1941 , " Black Heron " was transferred to the MoWT and renamed " Empire Barracuda " . Her port of registry was London and she was placed under the management of Cunard White Star Line Ltd . " Empire Barracuda " was a member of a number of convoys in the Second World War . Convoy OB 297 sailed from Liverpool on 12 March 1941 and dispersed at sea on 17 March . " Empire Barracuda " was in ballast and bound for Corpus Christi , Texas . Convoy ON 9 which sailed from Liverpool on 20 August 1941 and dispersed at sea on 25 August . " Empire Barracuda " was bound for New York . Convoy HX 151 sailed from Halifax , Nova Scotia on 22 September 1941 and arrived at Liverpool on 7 October . Convoy OS 11 sailed from Liverpool on 7 November 1941 and arrived at Freetown , Sierra Leone on 21 November . " Empire Barracuda " was carrying a cargo of stores , outbound from the Clyde and her final destination was Gibraltar . Sinking . On 15 December 1941 , " Empire Barracuda " was torpedoed by " U - 77 " under the command of Heinrich Schonder and sunk at while on a voyage from Gibraltar to Cape Town and Suez . Nine crew members and four DEMS gunners were killed . Thirty eight crew members and one DEMS gunner were rescued by and landed at Gibraltar . Those lost on " Empire Barracuda " are commemorated at the Tower Hill Memorial , London . Propulsion . She was powered by a double reduction geared steam turbine of which was built by General Electric Corp , Schenectady , New York . She could make . Official number and code letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Sacandaga " and " Black Heron " had the US Official Number 217429 . " Empire Barracuda " had the UK Official Number 168073 and used the Code Letters GNPP . References .
Javad Fakoori Javad Fakouri ( , 3 January 1939 – 29 September 1981 ) was a military official and defense minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran . Career . Fakouri was commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force at the rank of colonel . With the consent of Khomeini , then president Abolhasan Bani Sadr appointed him to this post in June 1980 . Fakouri was the commander of the IRIAF during the Iran – Iraq War . He also served as defense minister from Spring 1981 to September 1981 . Fakouri replaced Mostafa Chamran as defense minister when the latter died in the Iran Iraq war . Mohammad Salimi replaced Fakouri as defense minister in 1981 . Death . Fakouri and other senior military officials including Valiollah Fallahi , Mousa Namjoo were killed in an air crash near Tehran on 29 September 1981 . When he died he held the rank of Major General .
371st Bombardment Squadron The 371st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 307th Bombardment Wing , based at Lincoln AFB , Nebraska . It was inactivated on 25 March 1965 . History . Formed as a heavy bombardment group in January 1942 , trained in the Pacific Northwest under Second Air Force , with B - 17 Flying Fortress es . Reassigned to Seventh Air Force in Hawaii , November 1942 and performed performing search and rescue and antisubmarine patrols until January 1943 while transitioning to long - range B - 24 Liberator heavy bombers . Deployed to Central Pacific from Hawaii throughout 1943 for long - range combat bombardment operations against Japanese forces in the Central Pacific ; New Guinea ; Northern Solomon Islands and Eastern Mandates campaigns . Deployed to the New Hebrides in Melanesia and operated from numerous temporary jungle airfields , engaging in long - range bombardment operations during the Bismarck Archipelago ; Western Pacific ; Leyte ; Luzon and Southern Philippines campaigns until the end of the war in August 1945 . Assigned to Clark Field , Philippines after the war ended , demobilized with personnel returning to the United States , unit inactivated as paper unit in January 1946 in California . Reactivated as B - 29 Superfortress squadron at MacDill Field , Florida in August 1946 as part of Strategic Air Command . Was a training unit for antisubmarine warfare . Deployed to Okinawa during Korean War , carrying out combat operations over Korea throughout the conflict . Remained in Okinawa until November 1954 when inactivated . Reactivated simultaneously at Lincoln AFB , Nebraska , as a B - 47 Stratojet medium jet bomber squadron , performed REFLEX deployments to North Africa until phaseout of B - 47 in 1965 and inactivated .
Georg Jakob Georg Jakob ( 27 March 1915 – 1 September 1991 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Georg Jakob was captured by American forces in May 1945 and was released in June 1945 . During his career he flew 1091 missions .
Alabama Army Ammunition Plant The Alabama Army Ammunition Plant ( ALAAP ) , was a United States munition s plant built and operated during World War II . The facility is located a four miles ( 6 km ) north of Childersburg , Alabama in Talladega County , Alabama . History . The ALAAP was built in 1941 as a production facility for nitrocellulose ( NC ) , trinitrotoluene ( TNT ) , dinitrotoluene ( DNT ) , tetryl , and single - base smokeless powder . The facility , operated by DuPont , had a peak production rate of nearly 40 million pounds ( 18 million kg ) of munitions per month . It also produced heavy water for the Manhattan Project . The facility ceased operation in August 1945 and was placed on standby status after the end of the war . During the war , the plant covered more than 13 , 000 acres ( 53 km² ) . After the end of the war , various portions of the plant were leased out for commercial operations . Most of the original structures have been destroyed , although the government retains responsibility for more than 2 , 000 acres ( 8 km² ) of the facility . It is now considered a Superfund site .
Friedrich Kühn General Friedrich Kühn ( 7 August 1889 – 15 February 1944 ) was an armor general in the German army during World War II who was the chief of Wehrmacht Motor Transport and mechanization . He joined the German Imperial Army in 1909 as an officer cadet and in World War I in the 32nd Infantry Regiment and had reached the rank of captain . He was then retained in the Reichswehr where he served in a motor transport battalion and as an inspector of transport troops until his retirement in 1928 . He was then involved in the secret training of armored troops in Russia and returned to active military service in 1930 . He then served as an officer on the General Staff of the Army and commanded various " panzer " regiments and brigades , reaching the rank of generalmajor by 1940 when he was appointed commander of the 33rd Infantry Division . The 33rd Infantry Division became the 15th and 14th Panzer Divisions from March 1941 to June 1942 . He was then promoted to generalleutnant and appointed general for army mechanization at the OKH . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to General der Panzertruppe as the chief of " wehrmacht " motor transport and mechanization . He was killed in an air raid on 15 Feb 1944 .
Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft The Uninhabited Combat Armed Rotorcraft or UCAR was a program carried out by DARPA and the United States Army in 2003 - 2004 to develop an unmanned combat helicopter . Originally named the " Robotic Rotary Wingman " , a requirement was issued in the spring of 2002 , specifying a robot rotorcraft to be armed with missiles , unguided rockets , guns , and nonlethal directed energy weapons , and with the capability of attacking masked targets . The UCAR was to cost $ 4 million to $ 8 million USD , and have operating costs 10 % to 40 % of those of an AH - 64 Apache . Operational cost reductions were expected to be achieved at least in part by reducing the number of personnel required to maintain and operate the machine . Two finalists , Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin were selected in the summer of 2003 to come up with a detailed design ; ironically , neither company had ever built a full - production rotorcraft . The Northrop Grumman design used the twin - two - blade - rotor " eggbeater " scheme usually associated with Kaman helicopters — in fact Kaman has teamed with Northop Grumman on the project — while the Lockheed Martin design used a four - blade rotor with a " no - tail - rotor ( NOTAR ) " jet exhaust in the tail to cancel torque . Both were " stealthy " designs with weapon stores in internal bays ; both eliminated the tail rotor , which is the noisiest element on a conventional helicopter . The Northrop Grumman eggbeater was to be able to fly at more than 295 km / h ( 160 knots ) and at an altitude of up to 6 , 100 meters ( 20 , 000 feet ) , with an endurance with auxiliary fuel tanks of 10 hours and a range of up to . Northrop Grumman envisioned two variants : an attack variant , the baseline version , optimized for low - altitude operation and carrying a nav - attack sensor suite ; and a scout variant , optimized for high - altitude operation and carrying a SAR payload and communications relay . The Lockheed Martin proposal provided similar performance but less endurance ; the baseline payload configuration included a SAR . A single contractor was to be chosen to develop two X - vehicle prototypes . It was to lead to a " B - model " , closer to an operational machine , with a warload of from 225 to 450 kilograms ( 500 to 1 , 000 pounds ) , including nonlethal directed - energy weapons . The Army seemed very enthusiastic about the program , but then pulled out abruptly late in 2004 , citing more immediate demands on aviation funding . DARPA searched around for another service sponsor , was unable to find one , and axed the procurement of the demonstrators at the end of the year . However , the idea of a UCAR is so attractive that it seems likely it will be revived , possibly with Lockheed Martin or Northrop Grumman continuing some degree of development using company funding . Sources . This article contains material that originally came from the web article " Unmanned Aerial Vehicles " by Greg Goebel , which exists in the Public Domain .
German submarine U - 11 ( 1935 ) German submarine U - 11 was a Type IIB U - boat built before World War II for service in the German " Kriegsmarine " . She was commissioned on September 21 , 1935 , with " Kapitänleutnant " Hans - Rudolf Rösing in command . She served in several training flotillas in her 10 - year career , but sank or damaged no ships . U - 11 was the first to carry out sea trials in 1940 of a new anehoic tile , which was developed by the " Kriegsmarine " to reduce a submarines ' acoustic signature . It was codenamed " Alberich " after the invisible sorcerer from Germanic Mythology . Fate . The U - boat was scuttled on May 3 , 1945 in Kiel . The wreck was broken up .
Château de Najac Château de Najac or the royal fortress of Najac is located in Najac , in the Aveyron " département " , in southern France . The castle was built in 1253 by the villagers on the orders of Alphonse de Poitiers , brother of Saint Louis , on the site of an older castle ( a square tower ) built in 1100 by Bertrand of St Gilles , son of Raymond IV , count of Toulouse . Architecture . The castle is built at the summit of a hill formed by a loop of the river . The inner bailey of the castle forms a rough rectangle , with the longest side about 40 meters long . Towers project from the South and North walls , and there are towers at each corner , including an earlier square tower and a large round donjon from where the defence of the castle can be coordinated . The gate is protected by a barbican . The castle has a world record with its 6 . 80 metre high " archères " ( a thin aperture for archers ) , such a size being designed to allow use by three archers at the same time . A secret corridor , hidden within the walls , links the Romanesque tower to the chapel of the keep . Possession of this castle , built 200 meters over the Aveyron River , was key to control of the region . History . Najac has been near major events of history : the first English occupation , the Albigensian Crusade , the Hundred Years ' War , the imprisonment of the Knights Templar , the peasants ' revolts , and the French Revolution . After having been used as a stone quarry in the 19th century , Najac was saved by the Cibiel family , who own it and open it to visitors . The Château de Najac is one of a group of 23 castles in Aveyron who have joined together to provide a tourist itinerary as the " Route des Seigneurs du Rouergue " . The castle has been listed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925 . References . Sideny Toy : " Castles : their construction and history "
British Colonial Auxiliary Forces This is a list of auxiliary regiments or units formed by the British in individual colonies of the British Empire . In some colonies , the units were led by officers seconded from the British Army . Especially in the case of units that recruited non - whites , even in colonies where the officers were primarily colonials commissions were generally restricted to whites until after the Second World War . Non - white colonials , as well as non - whites from Britain itself ( who were for a time assigned to British West Indian Regiments of the British Army as a matter of policy , even if enlisting in Britain ) served primarily in the other ranks . Although militias operating on the same principle as the militia in England and Wales were established in many colonies during the 17th and 18th Centuries , from the 19th Century onwards colonial units were mostly voluntary , and supplied a reserve force either to be called up in war time to reinforce regular British Army garrisons for home defence , or in some cases were entirely responsible for home defence . Many units , however , took part in active campaigns outside of the role of home defence in various conflicts the British Empire was involved in , including the two world wars . Many of these units started out as auxiliary units and later became regular units and forerunners to those countries modern military . While most of the units listed here were army units , colonial marines were raised at various times , as were colonial naval and air force reserve units . Today , only four British Overseas Territories regiments remain ( not including cadet corps ) : the Bermuda Regiment ; the Royal Gibraltar Regiment ; the Falkland Islands Defence Force ; and the Royal Montserrat Defence Force .
Couter The couter ( also spelled " cowter " ) is the defense for the elbow in a piece of plate armour . Initially just a curved piece of metal , as plate armor progressed the couter became an articulated joint . In fighting reenactment groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronisms , a couter / cowter is often called an " elbow cop " .