naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
P . O . Box 1142 P . O . Box 1142 was a secret American military intelligence facility that operated during World War II . The American Military Intelligence Service had two special wings whose core duty was to interview the Prisoners of War ( POWs ) , known as MIS - X and MIS - Y . They were known by their codename , the mailing address " P . O . Box 1142 . " Notable prisoners housed at the facility included rocket scientist Wernher von Braun , spymaster Reinhard Gehlen , and Heinz Schlicke , inventor of infrared detection . German U - Boat commander Werner Henke was also a prisoner . P . O . Box 1142 was based in Fort Hunt , Virginia , formerly part of George Washington ' s farmlands . German scientists , submariners and soldiers were questioned . P . O . Box 1142 obtained valuable intelligence from German POWs and also communicated with Allied POWs overseas . The camp was in violation of the Geneva Convention s because the Red Cross was not notified of the transfer or location of the prisoners , but according to the surviving wardens , torture was not used . The work done at Fort Hunt contributed to the Allied victory of World War II . It also led to advances in scientific technology and military intelligence that directly influenced the Cold War . In October 2007 , a group of the former intelligence workers gathered for the first time since the war ' s conclusion , and a flagpole and plaque recognizing their contributions were dedicated on the original grounds . The camp was started in 1942 ; the majority of the camp facilities were bulldozed in 1946 . The post commanders were : Col Daniel W . Kent ( 1 July 1942 to 21 October 1942 ) ; Col Russell H . Sweet ( 21 October 1942 to 1 February 1943 ) ; Col . John L . Walker ( 1 February 1943 to 18 July 1945 ) ; and Col . Zennas R . Bliss ( 18 July 1945 to post closure ) . Later reception . In 2001 , the historian Sönke Neitzel found about 150 . 000 pages of pick - up protocols made in Trent Park or Fort Hunt . He analysed them together with Harald Welzer , a psychologist . They published several books about their results :
Toldi ( tank ) The Toldi was the Hungarian light tank , based on the Swedish Landsverk L - 60B tank . It was named after the 14th century Hungarian knight Miklós Toldi . Production history . The 38M Toldi was produced and developed under license from Swedish company AB Landsverk between 1939 and 1942 . Only 202 were produced . Combat History . Toldi tanks entered Hungarian service in 1940 . They first saw action with the German Army against Yugoslavia in 1941 . These tanks were mostly used against the USSR between 1941 - 1944 . Because of their light armour , armament and good communications equipment , they were mostly used for reconnaissance . The design was no match against Soviet T - 34 medium tanks .
Richard Luard Lieutenant - General Richard George Amherst Luard , CB ( 29 July 1827 – 24 July 1891 ) was a British Army officer who became General Officer Commanding the Militia of Canada . Military career . Born the eldest son of Lieutenant - Colonel John Luard and educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , Luard was commissioned into the 51st Regiment of Foot in 1845 . Later that year he transferred to the 3rd Regiment of Foot . In 1854 he transferred to the 77th Regiment of Foot and served in the Crimean War as a Deputy Assistant Adjutant - General : he was mentioned in despatches for his part in the Siege of Sevastopol . He served in the Second Opium War taking part in an expedition to China in 1857 . In 1860 he was appointed Assistant Inspector of Volunteers and in 1875 he was made Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster - General for the Northern District in England . In 1880 he became General Officer Commanding the Militia of Canada . He sought to introduce permanent infantry training schools but also upset Adolphe - Philippe Caron , the Minister of Militia and Defence , through his constant criticism of amateur soldiers . He was asked to resign and , in 1884 , returned to England to command a Brigade at Aldershot Garrison . Family . Luard was married on 8 October 1863 to Hannah Chamberlain . They had seven children including Edward Bourryau Luard ( 1870 – 1916 ) , who achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the King ' s Shropshire Light Infantry and was killed near Ypres in the First World War .
Fryderyk Getkant Fryderyk Getkant or Frederick Getkant ( , Latin : " Fridericus Getkant " ) ( 1600 – 1666 ) was a Polish military engineer , artillery lieutenant and cartographer , ( born in Rhineland , Holy Roman Empire ) . From 1620s he worked in Pomeranian Voivodeship - Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth , on the problems of defence , especially those related to King Władysław IV Vasa short - time maritime interests ( Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy ) . He was one of the engineers working on fortifications in Großendorf ( Władysławowo ) and at Hela where Pomerania and Royal Prussia meet , ( now Hel Peninsula ) together with Johann Pleitner . Author of many plans , maps and atlases ( especially of the lands near the Baltic Sea ) , among them , what is now considered as the ' first Polish ' sea map and atlas " Topographia practica conscripta et recognita per Fridericum Getkant , mechanicum " ( 1638 ) . Manuscript of his work covering mechanical and engineering aspects of his work was lost during the Lwów fire in 1662 . The small harbor and town were destroyed after about a dozen years . The town disappeared and in the 18th century there were only 15 people . References . < br >
1st Regiment Michigan Volunteer Sharpshooters The 1st Regiment Michigan Volunteer Sharpshooters was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 1st Michigan Sharpshooters was organized at Kalamazoo and Dearborn , Michigan between April 14 and October 7 , 1863 and six companies were mustered into Federal service on July 7 , 1863 . Major John Piper , of Battle Creek , originally served as Captain of the famed Company D ( The " Michigan Boys " ) of the Western Sharpshooters ( W . S . S . ) Regiment . Captain Piper resigned from the W . S . S . to take up the position of Major of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters . He was killed in action at the Battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse , May 13 , 1864 . Company K was composed primarily of Native Americans of the United States , especially members of the Ojibwa , Odawa , and Potawatomi nations . The regiment was mustered out of service on July 28 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 6 officers and 131 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 165 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 362 fatalities .
Abraham Polonski Abraham Polonski ( aka " Pol " or " Maurice Ferrer " ) was born in Russia in 1913 . He was one of the founders of the French Jewish Resistance movement , having previously worked as an electrical engineer in Toulouse . By June 1940 , the French army had surrendered to Germany . Polonski and others established an underground organization called La Main Forte , meaning " The Strong Hand " . By 1942 Polonski and Labor Movement Zionist activists also established the Armee Juive ( AJ ) , or Jewish Army , which was a commando force composed of the Zionist youth movement members . During 1943 – 1944 , the Jewish Army helped some hundreds of its members to successfully escape to Spain and then Palestine . The group fought in Toulouse , Nice , Lyon , and Paris areas , attacking informers who had collaborated with the Gestapo and helped liberate France in the summer of 1944 . They were funded to the sum of tens of millions of francs by the Jewish Agency and from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee . He went on to become a Haganah commander of the AJ in France and North Africa .
Battle of Montjuïc ( 1641 ) Battle of Montjuïc took place on 26 January 1641 during the Catalan Revolt . A Spanish force under Pedro Fajardo launched an attack on a Catalan rebel force , made up mainly of Miquelet militias led by Francesc de Tamarit , and their French allies . The Catalan rebels had taken up position on the heights of Montjuïc which dominated the city of Barcelona . The Spanish launched several concerted attempts to capture Montjuïc Castle , but were continually repulsed . Finally a large force of Catalan rebels counter - attacked from the direction of Barcelona . Large numbers of Spanish troops were killed and the remainder had to withdraw to Tarragona along the coast . The Spanish force had recently massacred hundreds of rebels who had tried to surrender at Cambrils .
Svea - class coastal defence ship The " Svea " class was a class of coastal defence ship s of the Swedish Navy . The class comprised " Svea " , " Göta " and " Thule " . Design . Dimensions and machinery . The ships of the class were long , had a draught of , and had a displacement of 3 , 200 ton . The ships were equipped with reciprocating engines , which were rated at and produced a top speed of . Armour . The ships had belt armour of and turret armour . Armament . The main armament of the ships was a single turret gun . Secondary armament included four single guns and six single guns . Construction . " Svea " was laid down at the " Lindholmen At Goteborg " and launched in 1886 . " Göta " and " Thule " were both laid down at " Norkoping " shipyard and where launched in 1891 and 1893 .
Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky Count Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky ( 1794 - 1857 ) was an imperial Russian general and statesman . After studying in Moscow University , he joined the emperor ' s retinue in 1811 . When retreating toward Moscow after the Battle of Borodino , he was taken prisoner by the French , and remained in captivity until the fall of Paris in 1814 . He was heavily wounded in the 1828 war with Turkey . In 1833 Perovsky was appointed the military governor of Orenburg . In 1839 , he led an invasion of the Khanate of Khiva , in name to free the slaves captured and sold by Turkmen raiders from the Russian frontiers on the Caspian Sea , but also as an attempt to extend the Russian borders while the British Empire entangled itself in the First Anglo - Afghan War in 1839 . Perovsky ' s expeditionary force consisted of 5 , 200 infantry , and 10 , 000 camels . Due to poor planning and a bit of bad luck , they set off in November 1839 , into one of the worst winters in memory , and were forced to turn back on 1 February 1840 . The expeditionary force arrived back into Orenburg in May , having suffered over 1 , 000 casualties without firing a single shot . In 1842 , Perovsky left the Orenburg governor ' s position , but was brought back to that office in 1851 . This time , his campaigning in the central Asia ( today ' s central Kazakhstan ) against the Khanates of Khiva and Kokand was much more successful . After the successful taking of the Kokand fortress of Ak - Mechet by his troops in 1853 , the fort was renamed Fort - Perovsky after him . His military successes forced the Khanate of Khiva to sign the 1854 treaty with the Russia Empire beneficial for the latter . For his achievements , he was made a count in 1855 .
Jihad Wahl training camp The Jihad Wahl training camp was an alleged al Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan . Prior to 1996 , Abu Ubaidah al - Banshiri , Mohammed Atef and Yaseen al - Iraqi aided Enaam Arnaout in purchasing AK - 47 s and mortar rounds from a Pashtun tribesman named Hajjji Ayoub , and they were subsequently delivered in large trucks to the Jawr and Jihad Wahl training camps . Allegations prepared for Salem Abdul Salem Ghereby ' s Combatant Status Review Tribunal and first and second annual Administrative Review Board hearings stated he attended the Jihad Wahl camp in 1996 : Hassan Mohammed Ali Bin Attash , also known as Hassan Mohammed Salih Bin Attash . faced allegations during his first and second annual Administrative Review Board hearings that he also attended bomb - making course at the Jiwad Wahl camp , in 1997 , when he was about twelve years old . Ahmed al - Darbi was also accused of attending the same camp . Abu Jaffar el Masry , Haydar Dosari and Salem el - Masri taught the proper use of explosives at the camp . In 2007 Mohammed Soliman Barre had his continued detention justified , in part , based on the allegation : " " The detainee was identified as being selected by al Qaida for more advanced training and specialized coursework at the Jihad Wal Camp , courses usually reserved only for sworn al Qaida members . " " .
Ingeniørregimentet Ingeniørregimentet ( English : Engineer Regiment ) is a regiment in the Danish Army with base in Skive in Jutland . The soldiers of this regiment are trained in things like shooting , blasting , setting up camp and much more . The engineer troops are also trained to fight alongside other infantry regiments in combat zones if needed . The Danish military engineering corps is almost entirely organized into one regiment , simply named Ingeniørregimentet ( " The Engineering Regiment " ) . The core of the Danish combat engineers are the so - called armored engineers . These units usually work in separated squads , each under the command of an infantry company , and equipped with an M113 . Their roles are combat demolition , minefield clearing , basic mine laying and EOR . They are also extensively trained as infantry , to support the ordinary troops in combat . Besides these units , the regiment has the different work fields of combat engineers ( construction , EOD , CBRN ) spread out over different companies .
19th Antisubmarine Squadron The 19th Antisubmarine Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 479th Antisubmarine Group , based at RAF Podington , England . It was inactivated on 29 January 1944 . History . Operational history . The squadron received its personnel in July 1942 and began training on the US west coast . It then operated with Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command , being reassigned to the 25th Antisubmarine Wing at Langley Field , Virginia . It used B - 17 Flying Fortress es and B - 24 Liberator s to fly patrols along the east coast . Reassigned to RCAF Station Gander , Newfoundland to fly antisubmarine patrols over the North Atlantic , it also provided convoy escort duties . The squadron moved to RAF St Eval in England in late June 1943 due to requests by RAF Coastal Command to provide submarine patrols south of England and over the Bay of Biscay . The squadron ' s most effective antisubmarine patrols were conducted from 18 July to 2 August 1943 , the period in which the unit made nearly all of its attacks on enemy U - boat s . After that time the enemy avoided surfacing during daylight and adopted a policy of evasion , but the squadron continued its patrols , often engaging Luftwaffe fighter interceptor aircraft such as the Junkers Ju 88 , the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and the Messerschmitt Bf 110 ) in combat . The Focke - Wulf 200 was also encountered . The 19th was moved to RAF Dunkeswell in Dorset during early August 1943 and ended operations in October 1943 after aerial antisubmarine missions were turned over to the United States Navy . B - 24s reassigned to Navy Patrol Bomber Squadron VPB - 103 , Fleet Air Wing 7 at Dunkeswell were redesignated PB4Ys .
Chattar Singh Attariwalla General Chattar Singh Attariwalla , was a military commander and a member of the during the period of the Sikh Empire in the mid - 19th century in Punjab . He was also Governor of Hazara province and fought in the Second Anglo - Sikh War against the British . His son was General Sher Singh Attariwalla who with his army gave devastating blow to the British Army at Chillianwala .
5th Georgia Cavalry The 5th Georgia Cavalry was a cavalry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It was composed of enlistees from the state of Georgia and served entirely in the Western Theater . History . The regiment was formed on January 20 , 1863 , from combining the 1st Battalion , Georgia Cavalry ( made up of men from Liberty and McIntosh counties ) and the 2nd Battalion ( Bulloch , Chatham , Effingham , and Screven counties ) . However , they were not officially mustered in the service until May 17 , 1863 , and were afterwards sent to South Carolina and parts of Georgia to defend against Union incursions into those two states . At the end of August 1863 , the entire regiment was sent to South Carolina and assigned to the overall command of General P . G . T . Beauregard . They fought at Johns Island , Charleston , Green Pond , and many other battles within the area . The 5th Cavalry remained in South Carolina until orders sent them back to Savannah on May 13 , 1864 ; along the way , those orders changed and the 5th Georgia Cavalry rode to join General Joseph Wheeler and the Army of Tennessee . Once they had joined Wheeler ’ s forces , the troops traveled to Atlanta . They participated in the battle for that city and in the greater Atlanta Campaign , where they lost many men . They saw combat in several major subsequent actions , including Kennesaw Mountain , Buckhead , Big Shanty , Chattahoochee River , and Decatur . Their last documented skirmish was the Battle of Morrisville Station on April 13 – 14 , 1865 . The regiment surrendered in Hillsboro , North Carolina on April 26 , 1865 .
Battle of Mount Chimborazo Prelude . Francisco Pizarro had toppled the Inca Empire , captured its Emperor Atahualpa and demanded a room of gold and two rooms with silver , he got the treasure but still executed Atahualpa . Hearing of this Rumiñahui took his forces towards the Northern Inca Capital of Quito , where it ' s believed he buried the gold then he heard that the Spanish forces were marching towards Ecuador to capture him . So he decided to burn Quito to the ground to take the glory away from the Spanish of taking the city , then he took the Sun Virgins and killed them to preserve their purity . Then he prepared his army for the battle . The battle . Pizarro sent his lieutenant Sebastián de Belalcázar to capture Rumiñahui , take the gold as well as the city of Quito . While in Ecuador , Rumiñahui rallied his forces and marched them south . Both forces met at the valley of Mount Chimborazo . Neither the Spanish or the Incas had the upper hand at the beginning but then Rumiñahui ' s army started beating the Spanish back even though the Spanish possessed guns and cannons , Belalcázar was about to retreat so he wouldn ' t have a lot of casualties , but then the volcano erupted so the Incas saw it as an omen from the gods so they started to run away . This battle was the last stand of the Incas before the fall of the Empire . Eventually , Rumiñahui was captured and tortured but he would not reveal where the gold was hidden . He took the knowledge of the treasure ' s location to his grave . The Spanish never found it .
GBU - 43 / B Massive Ordnance Air Blast The GBU - 43 / B Massive Ordnance Air Blast ( MOAB pronounced , commonly known as the Mother of All Bombs ) is a large - yield conventional ( non - nuclear ) bomb , developed for the United States military by Albert L . Weimorts , Jr . of the Air Force Research Laboratory . At the time of development , it was touted as the most powerful non - nuclear weapon ever designed . The bomb was designed to be delivered by a C - 130 Hercules , primarily the MC - 130E Combat Talon I or MC - 130H Combat Talon II variants . Since then , Russia has tested its " Father of All Bombs " , which is claimed to be four times more powerful than the MOAB . Operational history . It was first tested with the explosive tritonal on 11 March 2003 , on Range 70 located at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida . It was again tested on 21 November 2003 . Aside from two test articles , the only known production is of 15 units at the McAlester Army Ammunition Plant in 2003 in support of the Iraq War . A single MOAB was moved to the Persian Gulf area in April 2003 but it was never used . Since none of those are known to have been used as of early 2007 , the U . S . inventory of GBU - 43 / B presumably remains at approximately 15 . Evaluations . The basic operational concept bears some similarity to the BLU - 82 " Daisy Cutter " , which was used to clear heavily wooded areas in the Vietnam War and in Iraq to clear mines and later as a psychological weapon against the Iraqi military . After witnessing the psychological impact of the BLU - 82 on enemy soldiers , and not having any BLU - 82 weapons remaining , the MOAB was developed partly to continue the role of intimidating the Iraqi soldiers . Pentagon officials had suggested their intention to use MOAB as an anti - personnel weapon , as part of the " shock and awe " strategy integral to the 2003 invasion of Iraq . The MOAB is not a penetrator weapon and is primarily intended for soft to medium surface targets covering extended areas and targets in a contained environment such as a deep canyon or within a cave system . However , multiple strikes with lower yield ordnance may be more effective and can be delivered by fighter / bombers such as the F - 16 with greater stand - off capability than the C - 130 and C - 17 . High altitude carpet - bombing with much smaller bombs delivered via heavy bombers such as the B - 52 or B - 2 is also highly effective at covering large areas . References . Notes
Battle of Grocka The Battle of Grocka , also known as Battle of Krotzka , ( ) was fought between Austria and the Ottoman Empire on July 21 – 22 , 1739 , in Grocka , Belgrade . The Turks were victorious and took the city of Belgrade . The battle was part of the Ottoman - Habsburg wars . Battle . The Austrians had direct orders from Emperor Charles VI to engage the enemy at the first possible opportunity . < br > The Austrian army broke up camp at Vinča ( " Zweibrücken " ) on July 20 between 22 : 00 and 23 : 00h and moved south through difficult terrain . On the morning of July 21 , the Imperial cavalry consisting of the Pállfy and Savoy regiments encountered the Turkish army and attacked without waiting for the infantry . The Ottoman forces were better prepared and outnumbering their opponent , could fire on the Austrians from higher hidden positions . The Austrian cavalry was then cut off and only the Savoy Regiment was able to break out . When the Austrian infantry arrived , the battle raged on until nightfall , when the Austrians decided to retreat to Vinča . The Ottomans didn ' t pursue . < br > On July 23 , the Austrians withdrew further to Belgrade . The Ottoman Army followed and laid siege to Belgrade , until the Austrians signed the Treaty of Belgrade on September 18 and had to abandone the city . In this battle , the Austrian cavalry alone had suffered 2 , 142 killed and wounded , between 25 and 50 % of their total effectives . Consequences . The defeat at Grocka had an enormous psychological impact at the Austrian Court . After a series of resounding victories against the Ottomans under Eugene of Savoy , a short and victorious campaign was expected again this time . The unexpected defeat made the Austrians eager for peace . The Ottoman diplomats took advantage and obtained the very advantageous Treaty of Belgrade , in which all Austrian conquests in the Balkans were given back , including Belgrade , with the exception of the Banat . Austria paid a high price for neglecting to maintain an efficient army and to look for a worthy successor for Eugene of Savoy . < br > Fieldmarshal Wallis , charged with negligence , was court - martialled and condemned to imprisonment in the castle of Spielberg . He was released three months later , when he was pardoned by the new Empress Maria Theresa of Austria .