naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Royal Signals Association The Royal Signals Association ( RSA ) was formed in 1920 at the birth of the Corps from the Royal Engineers . The objects of The Association are : Structure . Working within Regimental Headquarters Royal Signals , based in Blandford Camp , Dorset , are the Welfare Section and the Membership Section . The Welfare Section assists signallers by way of grants of money or paying for items to reduce hardship and distress . The Membership Section maintains records of all the branches and affiliated associations located throughout the country , plus their members . Any person who served with the Corps ( Regular , TA or National Service ) , including ATS and WRAC is eligible to join The Association . Branches . Branches are arranged into areas :
RMS Caronia ( 1905 ) RMS " Caronia " was a British ocean liner , launched on 13 July 1904 . She was built for Cunard by John Brown & Co . of Glasgow . She left Liverpool on her maiden voyage to New York on 25 February 1905 . A successful 1906 cruise from New York to the Mediterranean led to " Caronia " s being used for cruising frequently in the coming years . On 14 April 1912 Caronia sent first ice warning at 09 : 00 to RMS Titanic reporting " bergs , growlers and field ice " " Caronia " briefly placed on Cunard ' s Boston service in 1914 , but the start of World War I caused her to be requisitioned as an armed merchant cruiser . In 1916 , she became a troopship and served in that role for the duration , returning to the Liverpool - New York run after the War . In 1920 " Caronia " was converted to burn oil instead of coal . After returning to service , she sailed on a number of different routes , including : Her last voyage , from London to New York was on 12 September 1932 , after which she was sold to be disassembled . Initially sold to Hughes Bolckow for demolition at Blyth , she was resold , renamed " Taiseiyo Maru " and sailed to Osaka , where she was scrapped in 1933 . Turbine Experiment . Caronia was fitted with the older quadruple - expansion engine technology ; whilst the Carmania had turbines and proved to be the more economical of the two liners . External links . [ RMS Caronia on Chris ' Cunard Page http : / / chriscunard . com / caronia1 . php ]
USS Harcourt ( 1864 ) USS " Harcourt " ( 1864 ) was a small steamship acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was placed into service as a tugboat and assigned to the blockade of ports of the Confederate States of America . While on blockade duty , she performed other services , as required , such as patrolling and carrying personnel back and forth between ships and shore and providing the services of a dispatch boat . Purchased in New York City in 1864 . " Harcourt " , a screw tug , was purchased by the Navy at New York City from a private owner 14 June 1864 . Her first commanding officer was Acting Ensign J . A . Chadwick . Assigned to the support the North Atlantic blockade . After a brief period as dispatch boat at Hampton Roads , Virginia , " Harcourt " was ordered 31 July 1864 to Beaufort , North Carolina , to serve the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron as a pilot tug . She remained at Beaufort carrying pilots to and from ships in the harbor until returning to Norfolk , Virginia , for repairs in November 1864 . Patrolling the James River in Virginia . She later spent a brief period as a patrol boat on the James River in March 1865 , and in April assisted in towing the hulk of former CSS Albemarle , the formidable ram sunk in Albemarle Sound 27 October 1864 by Lt . W . B . Gushing , to Norfolk Navy Yard , where she arrived 27 April . Post - war retirement and subsequent disposal . " Harcourt " performed various tug duties in Hampton Roads until placed in ordinary 20 November 1865 . She was sold at Norfolk , Virginia , 16 April 1867 .
Auguste Dubail Auguste Yvon Edmond Dubail ( 15 April 1851 - 7 January 1934 ) was a French Army general . He commanded the First Army and Army Group East during World War I . Biography . Auguste Dubail graduated from the military school of Saint - Cyr in 1870 and was commissioned an officer in the infantry . During the Franco - Prussian War Dubail fought at Saarbrücken , Spicheren , Borny before being captured at Metz . After the war Dubail served as a professor at Saint - Cyr , as an officer on the border and in Algeria , where in 1901 he become colonel of the 3rd Zouaves . In 1904 - 1905 Dubail served twice as chief of staff of the French Minister of War Maurice Berteaux . Promoted to brigadier general , Dubail commanded the 53rd Infantry Brigade d ' infanterie , the 5th Infantry Brigade and the 14th Infantry Brigade and was commandant of Saint - Cyr ( 1906 - 1908 ) before being appointed to the technical committee of the infantry . During the Agadir Crisis in 1911 Dubail was Chief of Staff of the army . In 1912 Dubail was given command of the 9th Army Corps and in 1914 he became a member of the Supreme War Council . When the war broke out Dubail was given command of the First Army , which would start the invasion of Germany by taking Lorraine together with de Castelnau ’ s Second Army . The armies met strong German resistance and were repulsed out of Lorraine with heavy casualties . They were able to reform and defend the French border against a German attack . In 1915 he was promoted to commander of Army Group East on the Western Front , around Belfort and Verdun . He became convinced that a major German offensive was coming against Verdun . He called for reinforcements and heavy artillery and the new Allie tanks for the Verdun sector , but the French commander - in - chief , Joseph Joffre , wasn ’ t convinced that an attack was imminent . When the German offensive began at Verdun , Joffre partly blamed Dubail , who was fired in March 1916 , publicly humiliated . He claimed to have been made a scapegoat for Joffre ’ s lack of foresight , although he had himself public played down the likelihood of a German attack at Verdun . Dubail was hired again and became military governor of Paris , a position he kept until the spring 1918 , when he retired from public life . Dubail died in 1934 , aged 82 .
George Crawford Platt George Crawford Platt ( Londonderry , Ireland , February 17 , 1842 – June 20 , 1912 ) was a Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War . He was awarded the Medal of Honor as a Private in Troop H , 6th US Cavalry for action on July 3 , 1863 at Fairfield , Pennsylvania , near Gettysburg . His citation reads " Seized the regimental flag upon the death of the standard bearer in a hand - to - hand fight and prevented it from falling into the hands of the enemy . " He later rose to the rank of Sergeant . He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery , Yeadon , Pennsylvania . Honors . The George C . Platt Bridge ( formerly known as the Penrose Avenue Bridge ) in Philadelphia was renamed in his honor . Platt ' s great - grandson , Lawrence Griffin Platt , had the bridge renamed in 1979 . A book entitled " Secrets from the Heart " written by Lawrence Griffin will be released in 2013 with a plot based on the life and times of George Crawford supply .
Paul Bäumer Paul Wilhelm Bäumer ( 11 May 1896 – 15 July 1927 ) was a German fighter ace in World War I . Background . Bäumer was born in Meiderich . Involvement in World War 1 . Bäumer learned to fly before the war but joined the infantry and was wounded in the leg in 1915 . He transferred to the air service as a dental assistant before being accepted for military pilot training . In 1917 , he gained experience on two - seaters with FA7 before acceptance as a noncommissioned fighter pilot . Bäumer joined " Jagdstaffel " 5 in June 1917 , scoring three victories in July before going to the elite Jasta Boelcke . Bäumer claimed heavily , reaching 18 victories by year end . He was commissioned in April 1918 . On 29 May Bäumer was injured in a crash , breaking his jaw , and he returned to the " Jasta " in September . With the arrival of the Fokker D . VII he claimed even more success , including 16 in September . Nicknamed ' The Iron Eagle ' and with a personal emblem of an Edelweiss on his aircraft . He was one of the few pilots in World War I whose lives were saved by parachute deployment , when he was shot down in flames in September . He received the " Pour le Mérite " shortly before the Armistice and was finally credited with 43 victories , ranking ninth among German aces . Post - War Career . After the war , Bäumer worked briefly in the dockyards before he became a dentist , and reportedly one of his patients , Erich Maria Remarque , used Bäumer ' s name for the protagonist of his antiwar novel All Quiet on the Western Front . Continuing his interest in flying , he founded his own aircraft company in Hamburg . Bäumer died in an air crash at Copenhagen on 15 July 1927 , age 31 , while test flying a Rohrbach Rofix fighter .
397th Fighter Squadron The 397th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 368th Fighter Group , based at AAF Station Straubing , Germany . It was inactivated on 20 August 1946 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a P - 47 Thunderbolt fighter squadron , trained under I Fighter Command on Long Island and Massachusetts . Moved to England , arriving in January 1944 . Began operations with IX Fighter Command on 14 March and flew a fighter sweep over the English Channel coast of France . Made strafing and bombing attacks on airfields , rail and highway bridges , trains , vehicles , flak positions , and V - weapon sites to help prepare for the invasion of France . Supported the landings in Normandy early in June 1944 and began operations from the Continent later the same month . Aided in the taking of Cherbourg , participated in the air operations that prepared the way for the Allied breakthrough at St Lo on 25 July , and supported ground forces during their drive across France . Continued to support ground forces , participated in the assault against the Siegfried Line , and took part in the Battle of the Bulge ( December 1944 – January 1945 ) by attacking rail lines and trains , marshalling yards , roads and vehicles , armored columns , and gun positions . Operated with the Allied forces that pushed across the Rhine and into Germany . After V - E Day , served with the army of occupation , being assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe . Inactivated in Germany on 20 August 1946
Alfred Edward Turner Major - General Sir Alfred Edward Turner KCB ( 3 March 1842 – 20 November 1918 ) was a British Army officer of the late nineteenth century , who served in administrative posts in Ireland . Early life . Turner was born on 3 March 1842 , the eldest son of Richard Turner and his wife Frances ( née Johnstone ) . Richard Turner was a barrister and a bencher of the Inner Temple . Alfred attended Westminster School and then the Addiscombe Military Seminary , entering the Royal Artillery in 1860 . In 1865 , he married Blanche Hopkinson . Staff service . In 1882 , Turner was appointed an aide de camp and military private secretary to Earl Spencer , the Viceroy of Ireland ; he held the post until 1884 , when he was given the position of deputy assistant adjutant - general in the Nile Expedition , for which he was mentioned in despatches . In 1885 , he returned to a staff appointment in Dublin , as the assistant military secretary to Prince Edward of Saxe - Weimar - Eisenach , the Commander - in - Chief in Ireland , and the following year was appointed the private secretary to the Viceroy . From 1886 to 1892 he served as a Commissioner of Police in various Irish counties , and was created a Companion of the Bath in the civil division . From 1895 to 1898 , Turner was the assistant adjutant - general for the Royal Artillery , for which he was created a Companion of the Bath in the military division , and from 1900 to 1904 he was the Inspector General of Auxiliary Forces , receiving a knighthood in 1902 . His first wife had died in 1899 , and he remarried in 1902 to Juliette Whiting . Later life . In retirement , he was the chairman of the Alliance Franco - Britannique , a director of the North Borneo Chartered Company and the Manchester North Borneo Rubber Company , and chairman of North Borneo State Rubber . He wrote two books of military history , on Napoleon ' s invasion of Russia ( " The Retreat from Moscow and Passage of the Beresina " ) and on the Franco - Prussian War ( " From Weissenburg to Sedan " ) , and a volume of memoirs , " Sixty Years of a Soldier ' s Life " ( 1912 ) . He died on 20 December 1918 , survived by two sons and a daughter .
Teodato Ipato Teodato Ipato ( also Diodato or Deusdedit , ) was the doge of Venice after a brief interregnum following the death of his father , Orso Ipato , in 742 . His surname is in fact the Byzantine title " hypatos " . Teodato moved the capital of the Venetia e from Heraclea to Malamocco . In 751 , the Byzantine exarchate of Ravenna fell to the Lombards and Venice became the last Byzantine holdout in the north of Italy . In that same year , the Franks deposed their last Merovingian monarch , Childeric III , and elected the Carolingian Pepin the Short , a sworn ally of the pope and enemy of the Lombards . Venice became , at that point , a practically independent state . Teodato did not enjoy being at the head of it for long : he was deposed and blinded in 755 by Galla Gaulo , who usurped the ducal throne .
Curtiss HA The Curtiss HA ( sometimes Dunkirk Fighter ) was an American biplane seaplane designed by Captain B . L . Smith of the United States Marine Corps , and built by Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company . Development and design . The HA was a two - seat biplane with a central float and balancing floats on the wingtips . The fuselage was wood with a fabric covering . The plane was powered by a Liberty 12 engine in the nose . The prototype was ordered in December 1917 , and its first flight was on 21 March 1918 . During testing the aircraft proved very unstable , with an overly heavy tailplane . The aircraft was destroyed in a crash . Two more prototypes were ordered , designated HA - 1 and HA - 2 . the HA - 1 was constructed of salvaged parts from the original , but its tailplane and radiator were redesigned , and its wings were moved further aft . The HA - 1 caught fire during a flight . The HA - 2 had a wider wingspan , and performed better , but as the war was almost over , no production order was received . Operational history . Three landplane versions were used as Mail plane s .
Arado SSD I The Arado SSD I was a biplane fighter seaplane developed in Germany in 1930 , intended to be launched from catapult s on warship s . This was an all - new design from Walter Rethel , sharing nothing with his other fighter designs for Arado of the late 1920s . It was a conventional unequal - span , staggered biplane , with the slightly gulled top wing attached to the upper fuselage . It was equipped with a single , large float under the fuselage and two outrigger floats near the wingtips . After evaluation at Travemünde , the floats were removed and a simple , wheeled undercarriage was fitted for competitive evaluation with the Heinkel HD 38 at Lipetsk . The Heinkel was selected , and the SSD I was relegated to trainer duties with the LVS in 1932 .
33rd Indian Infantry Brigade The 33rd Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in October 1941 , at Campbellpore in India . The brigade was assigned to the 7th Indian Infantry Division until July 1942 , when it was attached to the North Western Army . It returned to the 7th Division in December 1942 , and took part in the Burma Campaign . Between April and May 1944 , it was corps reserve for XXXIII Indian Corps and was attached to the 5th Indian Infantry Division in March 1945 . The rest of the war it was under 7th Division command .
7th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Rajputs The 7th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Rajputs were an infantry regiment of the Bengal Army , later of the united British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1798 , when they were the 1st Battalion , 24th Bengal Native Infantry . Over the years the regiment became known by a number of different titles . The 69th Bengal Native Infantry 1824 – 1828 , the 47th Bengal Native Infantry 1828 – 1861 , the 7th Bengal Native Infantry 1861 – 1883 , the 7th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Bengal Native Infantry 1883 – 1893 , the 7th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Rajput Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry 1893 – 1903 and finally after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army when the names of the presidencies were dropped 7th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Rajputs . During this time the regiment took part in the First Anglo - Sikh War , the Second Opium War , the Sudan Campaign , the Boxer Rebellion and World War I . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . the 7th ( Duke of Connaught ' s Own ) Rajputs now became the 3rd Battalion 7th Rajput Regiment . After India gained its independence this was one of the regiments allocated to the new Indian Army .
Nishina Morinobu When the invasion of the Takeda territory by the Oda - Tokugawa alliance began in late 1581 , Morinobu took on the responsibility of defending Takato Castle ( 高遠城 ) in southern Shinano , along with one of his allies , Oyamada Masayuki . As he fortified himself in the castle , Oda Nobutada , the designated successor of Oda Nobunaga and commander of the Oda army , sent a Buddhist priest to negotiate surrender . However , Morinobu responded by cutting off the nose and ears of the priest and was killed in the subsequent attack at the castle . Before he conducted seppuku prior to the fall of the castle , he told attacking Oda soldiers of his prediction of Nobunaga ' s death , which soon came to pass .
Walter Parker ( ANZAC ) Walter Parker ( 11 August 1894 – 22 January 2000 ) was an Australian centenarian , one of the last three living veterans of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ( ANZAC ) who served in World War I . ANZAC soldier . Parker ' s pre - war plans for a career in Sydney as a commercial art printer was set aside when he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) at age 20 . He arrived at the Battle of Gallipoli in November 1915 with the 20th Battalion , 4th Reinforcements . He was tasked with carrying ammunition and water through the trenches to the front . After his evacuation from Turkey , he fought in France . He was shot in the arm at Pozières ; and then he was invalided to England . Civilian life . After returning to Australia , Parker married and had two children , a son and a daughter . His son was killed in World War II . He was survived by three grandchildren and two great - granddaughters . Australian legends . In 2000 , Parker was recognized as one of the " Australian Legends " . His name and photograph were part of an annual series of commemorative postage stamps issued by Australia Post since 1997 . The stamps honour living Australians " who have made lifetime contributions to the development of Australia ' s national identity and character " . Parker did not live to fully enjoy this accolade , as he died the day after the stamp was officially issued . Parker ' s 45 - cent Legend stamp displays the soldier ' s portrait as a young man , photographed just prior to his departure for Gallipoli . Formal photographs of the other two ANZAC centenarians complete this stamp set . In addition , a fourth stamp features the 1914 - 15 star medal which was presented to all those who fought in campaigns during those war years . These stamps , designed by Cathleen Cram of the Australia Post Design Studio , commemorate the story of events and people shaping contemporary Australia . The Parker stamp honours him as an individual and as a representative of all the soldiers at Gallipoli whose actions affected Australia ' s evolving self - image .
Yakovlev UT - 2 The Yakovlev UT - 2 ( , NATO reporting name " Mink " ) was a trainer aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force from 1937 until the 1950s . It was the standard Soviet trainer during World War II . Development . The UT - 2 was designed as a trainer , more suitable for training pilots of modern and fast aircraft than the older U - 2 ( Po - 2 ) biplane . The new plane was designed by Yakovlev ' s team at OKB - 115 . The next design , AIR - 10 , was based upon the AIR - 9 , but it was simpler , with two separate open cockpits , and lacking slats and flaps . It was flown on 11 July 1935 . The AIR - 10 won the competition with other trainer designs in 1935 and , after changes , was accepted as the standard Soviet Air Force trainer . A temporary designation for this plane became Ya - 20 ( Я - 20 ) . This is just because of the original " AIR " was the abbreviated name of Alexey Ivanovich Rykov , a communist leader executed in 1938 ; Yakovlev changed names of his aircraft to the politically safe " Ya " . The mixed construction ( wood and metal ) of the AIR - 10 was changed to wooden only , to simplify production . A prototype used the 112 kW ( 150 hp ) Shvetsov M - 11 E radial , but production aircraft used 82 kW ( 110 hp ) M - 11Gs . Serial production started in September 1937 . The plane was given the designation UT - 2 ( " uchebno - trenirovochnyi " { учебно - тренировочный } , primary / advanced trainer ) . The UT - 2 was used also by civilian aviation . However , it soon demonstrated it was not easy to fly , with a tendency to spin . After some changes to its construction , the plane became safer and was fitted with a 93 kW ( 125 hp ) M - 11D , as the UT - 2 model 1940 . To improve handling and stability , a new UT - 2M ( modernized ) variant was developed in 1941 and put into production . The shape of wings was totally new , with a swept leading edge instead of a straight one ( the wing ' s trailing edge was now straight ) , and the tailfin was larger . In total , 7 , 243 UT - 2 and - 2Ms were produced in five factories between 1937 and 1946 . Despite all improvements , the handling and flight characteristics of the UT - 2 were never excellent . In the 1950s they were replaced with the Yak - 18 as a primary trainer and the Yak - 11 as an advanced trainer . After the war , the UT - 2 and - 2M were also used by countries like Poland and Hungary .
USS Cyrene ( AGP - 13 ) USS " Cyrene " ( AGP - 13 ) was a motor torpedo boat tender for the United States Navy . She was laid down as " Cape Farewell " , a Maritime Commission type ( C1 - A ) hull under a Maritime Commission contract , at Pusey and Jones Corp . , Wilmington , Delaware . " Cyrene " was launched 8 February 1944 as " Cape Farewell " , sponsored by Mrs . G . L . Coppage . She was acquired by the Navy on 28 April 1944 , and was commissioned 27 September 1944 with Commander F . A . Munroe , Jr . , United States Naval Reserve , in command . Service history . Departing Norfolk , Virginia 10 November 1944 , " Cyrene " arrived at Manus on 13 December to escort two squadrons of motor torpedo boats to Hollandia , New Guinea . She then sailed on convoy duty to Leyte , arriving 1 January 1945 . " Cyrene " then served as tender for motor torpedo boats , and on 17 January 1945 became flagship for Commander , Motor Torpedo Boat Squadrons , 7th Fleet . After the war ended , she sailed from Samar on 21 December 1945 and arrived at San Francisco on 7 January 1946 , reporting to the 12th Naval District for repair work in decommissioning small craft . " Cyrene " was decommissioned 2 July 1946 and delivered to the War Shipping Administration for disposal the same day . Don Rickles , actor and comedian , served as S1 / c aboard " Cyrene " . As of 2005 , no other ship in the United States Navy has been named " Cyrene " . One of her lifeboats is now in use at Dover , England , where it has been converted into a live - aboard vessel .
Treaty of Poznań The Treaty of Poznań was signed on 11 December 1806 in Poznań and ended the war between France and Saxony ( Prussia ’ s ally ) after the latter ’ s defeat during the War of the Fourth Coalition . Saxony had to pay 25 million franc s in reparations and join the Confederation of the Rhine . Saxony became a kingdom .