naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Richard Barrett ( Medal of Honor ) First Sergeant Richard Barrett ( 1838 – March 20 , 1898 ) was an Irish - born American officer in the U . S . Army who served with the 1st U . S . Cavalry Regiment during the Indian Wars . He was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Apache Wars when he voluntarily led a charge against a group of hostile Tonto Apaches at Sycamore Canyon on May 23 , 1872 . Biography . Richard Barrett was born in County Mayo , Ireland in 1838 . He eventually emigrated to the United States and settled in Buffalo , New York . It was there that Barrett enlisted in the United States Army and was assigned to Company A of the 1st U . S . Cavalry Regiment . By 1872 , he had risen to the rank of first sergeant . On May 23 of that year , while posted to the Arizona Territory , Barrett volunteered to lead a charge against a group of renegade Tonto Apaches at Sycamore Canyon . He was cited for " conspicuous gallantry " and recommended for the Medal of Honor for his actions which he officially received on April 12 , 1875 . Barrett moved to Washington , D . C . after his retirement from military service . He died there on March 20 , 1898 , at the age of 60 . He was interred at the United States Soldiers ' and Airmen ' s Home National Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : First Sergeant , Company A , 1st U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Sycamore Canyon , Ariz . , 23 May 1872 . Entered service at : - - . Birth : Ireland . Date of issue : 12 April 1875 . Citation : Consplcuous gallantry in a charge upon the Tonto Apaches .
78th Air Base Wing The 78th Air Base Wing ( 78 ABW ) is a wing of the United States Air Force stationed at Robins Air Force Base , Georgia . The 78th ABW acts as the host unit at Robins . Units . 78th Civil Engineer Group ( 78 CEG ) Communications Directorate ( 78ABW / SC ) 78th Mission Support Group ( 78 MSG ) 78th Medical Group ( 78 MDG ) 78th Operations Support Squadron ( 78 OSS ) 78th Contracting and Comptroller Squadron ( 78 CCS ) History . Air Defense Command . On 24 September 1948 the 78th Fighter Wing was established at Hamilton AFB , California by the Hobson Plan , with the 78th Fighter Group becoming a component of the wing , controlling its flying resources Redesignated the 78th Fighter - Interceptor Wing in January 1950 as part of Air Defense Command . The group ' s squadrons ( 82d , 83d , 84th FIS ) flew numerous interceptors for West Coast air defense . Inactivated on 6 February 1952 as part of a reorganization of ADC , its operational element was replaced by the 4702d Defense Wing . Its support elements were replaced at Hamilton by the 566th Air Base Group the same day . This group was redesignated the 566th Air Defense Group and assumed operational responsibilities at Hamilton on 16 February 1953 . On 18 August 1955 , the 566th Air Defense Group was replaced by a former element of the wing , the 78th Fighter Group ( Air Defense ) . In 1956 , it was decided to elevate the operational units at Hamilton back to a Wing level , and the wing was reactivated , with its operational squadrons still controlled by the 78th Fighter Group . The group component of the wing was considered to be a redundant level of organization by the late 1950s , and the 78th FIG was inactivated on 1 February 1961 , with its flying units being directly assigned to the Wing . The 78th Fighter Wing was the host unit at Hamilton until it was inactivated in 1969 in another effort by the Air Force to close the facility , as well as the lessened need for aircraft air defense in an age of ICBMs . Air Training Command . The 78th Flying Training Wing replaced and absorbed resources of the 3560th Pilot Training Wing at Webb AFB , Texas , on 1 December 1972 . Squadrons were 82d , 83d , 3389th Flying Training Sqdns . The wing performed pilot training for both USAF and allied officers . In 1977 the end of the Vietnam War meant a decrease in the need for Air Force pilots and Webb AFB was closed . The 78th FTW was inactivated . In 1989 the Dutch government allowed USAF to upgrade its headquarters unit at Soesterberg AB from squadron to group status . The story goes that the USAF wanted to change the 32d into the 78th TFG but that the Dutch government didn ' t allow another number as not to stir up the people who were against the American presence in the Netherlands . Robins AFB . Since its reactivation in 1994 , the 78th Air Base Wing has provided host services and support for the Warner - Robins Air Logistics Center and its tenant organizations .
394th Combat Training Squadron The 394th Combat Training Squadron is a United States Air Force unit , assigned to the 509th Operations Group . It is stationed at Whiteman AFB , Missouri . The mission of the squadron is to train B - 2 Spirit Aircrews . History . The squadron was originally activated as the 4th Aero Squadron on 5 May 1917 during World War I at Dodd Field Texas . but within a month was transferred to Kelly Field , after training at Kelly Field , it was transferred to Post Field where it operated as an observation school until inactivated on 2 - January - 1919 . After World War I the unit was reactivated at Hazelhurst Field on the 23 - June - 1919 and after reorganization was moved to its permanent station in Hawaii on 8 - January - 1920 , and stayed there throughout the 1920s and 1930s as part of the Hawaiian Air Force under GHQAF . The squadron suffered devastating casualties and equipment damage during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor , Hickam Field and other targets on the island of Oahu on December 7 , 1941 . Remained in Hawaii during most of 1942 as part of the island ' s defense forces . Left Hawaii in November 1942 and , operating in the South Pacific with a mix of B - 17C / D Flying Fortresses and early B - 24 Liberator ( LB - 30 ) aircraft . Converted to very long - range ( VLR ) Liberators in 1943 when the B - 17s were withdrawn from combat in the Pacific and sent to Egypt for use in the Western Desert Campaign . Served in combat during the Allied drive from the Solomons to the Philippines . Flew long patrol and photographic missions over the Solomon Islands and the Coral Sea , attacked Japanese shipping off Guadalcanal , and raided airfields in the northern Solomons until August 1943 . Then struck enemy bases and installations on Bougainville , New Britain , and New Ireland . Raided the heavily defended Japanese base on Woleai during April and May 1944 and received a Distinguished Unit Citation for the action . Helped to neutralize enemy bases on Yap and in the Truk and Palau Islands , June – August 1944 , preparatory to the invasion of Peleliu and Leyte . Flew missions to the Netherlands Indies . Completed a variety of missions from October 1944 until the end of the war , these operations including raids on enemy bases and installations on Luzon , Ceram , Halmahera , and Formosa ; support for ground forces in the Philippines and Borneo ; and patrols off the China coast . Moved to Clark Field , and was inactivated on 29 April 1946 . The squadron was reactivated as the 394th Combat Training Squadron on 7 - November - 1996 at Whiteman Air Force Base and took up the mission of training stealth bomber crews .
Gekokujō History . In the context of Confucian tradition , Gekokujō is a kind of " government from below " which is condoned ; and a " government of men " is contrasted with a " government of laws . " " Gekokujō " became prevalent during the Sengoku period , starting with the Ōnin War when the power of the Muromachi Shogunate ended in factional strife and the burning of Kyoto . Without the imprimatur of the shogunate , provincial daimyo were vulnerable to being overthrown by forces both from without and within their domains . During this period vassals betrayed their lords and were in their turn were in danger of overthrow from below . Clerics and peasants sometimes formed ikko - ikki in rebellion against the daimyo and succeeded , for a time , in establishing independent realms . Later centuries used the concept of " gekokujō " as justification for junior and mid - level military officers engaging in principled disobedience if they were motivated by moral principles . This happened in Manchuria and Tokyo several times during the 1930s . Army officers engaged in provocative attacks in Manchuria in attempts to create justification for seizing territory from China . In Japan , ultranationalist military officers led waves of assassinations against political and business leaders , in order to “ purify ” Japanese society of the corporate and political party influences that they believed were preventing Japan from attaining its rightful place among nations through Asian expansion . The most spectacular episodes were the May 15 Incident ( 1932 ) in which junior navy officers and army cadets assassinated Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi and the February 26 Incident ( 1936 ) involving 1500 Tokyo troops in a failed coup . Although criminal prosecutions did ensue , in many of the incidents the defendants ' testimony declaring their motives led to widespread public support and most often resulted in comparatively light punishment . While the leaders of the February 26 Incident were subjected to quick secret trials and executions , the episode is widely seen as the last and most serious event leading to the breakdown of party politics and the dominance of the military in Japanese government affairs until the end of World War II .
Stroukoff Aircraft Stroukoff Aircraft was an American manufacturer of experimental military transport aircraft , established in 1954 by Michael Stroukoff . Successor to Chase Aircraft , the company specalised in developing advanced variants of the C - 123 Provider ; however , none of the company ' s designs attracted a production order , and the company folded in 1959 . Founding . During the late 1940s , Russian emigré Michael Stroukoff designed the XG - 20 for Chase Aircraft , the largest glider ever built in the United States . Modified into the C - 123 Provider , the aircraft had won a contract for production from the United States Air Force , 49 % of Chase being acquired by Kaiser - Frazier to produce the aircraft at the latter company ' s Willow Run facility . However , a scandal involving Kaiser resulted in the C - 123 contract being cancelled ; with Kaiser having bought out the remainder of Chase and dissolving the company , Stroukoff acquired the company ' s facilities at the Trenton airport , and established his own company to continue development of the C - 123 design . YC - 123D and E . Stroukoff ' s first advanced variant of the C - 123 design was the YC - 123D , modified from the XC - 123A prototype - itself a modified XCG - 20 - which had been the first jet transport to fly in the United States . Flying in 1954 , the YC - 123D was fitted with the twin piston engines of the normal C - 123 family , and was equipped with a boundary layer control ( BLC ) system . The BLC diverted air from the engines to blow over the wing , increasing lift and reducing the aircraft ' s takeoff and landing distances . The following year , Stroukoff modified a C - 123B into the YC - 123E , fitted with Stroukoff ' s own Pantobase landing gear system . The Pantobase system allowed the aircraft to land on any reasonably flat surface - land , water , or snow - and proved remarkably successful in testing . YC - 134 . Following its successful trials , the YC - 123E was further developed into the YC - 134 . Designated MS - 8 - 1 by the company , the YC - 134 featured both boundary layer control and the Pantobase landing gear ; in addition , the aircraft was fitted with more powerful engines , tailplane endplates , additional wheels for the main landing gear , and an improved fuel system . Intended for Arctic use , the YC - 134 ' s test flight program proved successful . However , its increase in performance over that of the C - 123 was considered inadequate ; in addition , there was simply no need for an additional piston - engined transport by that time , and the proposed production contract was cancelled . With the failure to gain any contracts for production of its designs , Stroukoff dissolved the company in 1959 .
Hilmi Özkök General Hilmi Özkök ( born 1940 in Turgutlu , Manisa Province ) was the 24th Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces . He took up that post on August 28 , 2002 and served until August 30 , 2006 when he retired and was succeeded by General Yaşar Büyükanıt . Özkök has expressed support for Turkey ' s alignment with the European Union , sought a reduced role for the National Security Council , and opposed his peers ' plans to stage a coup . Education and personal life . Hilmi Özkök was born in Turgutlu , Manisa Province and has been a career soldier . He was educated at the Isiklar ( Işıklar ) Military High School in Bursa and went from there in 1957 to complete a two year course at the Turkish Military Academy . Özkök left there as a second lieutenant in the artillery . He studied at the Army War College and the NATO Defence College in the 1970s . He is married to Özenç Özkök and has two children . In his retirement he is pursuing photography and poetry . Career . After graduating from the Army War College in 1972 , Özkök moved into military staff , initially with the Special Weapons Branch of the Allied Forces Southern Europe ( AFSOUTH ) , and then at SHAPE . He was promoted to Brigadier General in 1984 and worked as Chief of Planning and Operations for the General Staff ( TGS ) . From 1986 - 1988 he commanded the 70th Infantry Brigade and on his promotion to Major General in 1988 he commanded the 28th Infantry Division . He returned to the TGS in 1990 and was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1992 when he was sent to Brussels to head the Turkish NATO Military Delegation for three years . On August 30 , 1996 Özkök was promoted to full general and took charge of the NATO Allied Land Forces South - Eastern Europe ( LANDSOUTHEAST ) located in İzmir . He returned again to the TGS in 1998 , this time as Deputy Chief . After a brief stint as the Commander of the First Army in Istanbul , he was made Commander of the Turkish Army in 2002 , succeeding Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu . He served as Chairman until his retirement on August 30 , 2006 . The " Chronicle " said that during his tenure as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , he opposed the plans of some of his peers who wanted to stage another coup d ' etat and narrowly evaded assassination with a tip - off from the CIA on 3 February 2004 . Major general Fehmi Büyükbayram of the Ankara central garrison changed Özkök ' s schedule in order to protect him . Another attempt was allegedly prevented with a tip - off from the United Kingdom . Özkök recognized the allegations made in the " Chronicle " , but rejected some of the others , saying that the military would have taken the necessary precautions had they been true . In a 2007 interview Özkök said that he did not eat from the army canteen . People inferred that he feared poisoning , but Özkök replied that he merely wanted healthier food .
Gävle Castle Gävle Castle is a palace in Gävle , Sweden , rebuilt several times since its foundation in 1583 . It is the official residence of the county governor of Gävleborgs län . The first castle . The original castle was built 1583 - 1593 by the Swedish crown . The architect was Willem Boy . Restoration . After several decades of decay , the castle was rebuilt during the 1650 ' s and the 1660 ' s . The castle now became the residence of the governor , and office of the provinical government . Rebuilding . A severe fire in 1727 destroyed large parts of the castle , and it was leftin ruins until 1741 when Carl Hårleman was commissioned to rebuild it into a modern residence and government office . The rebuildning was completed in 1754 .
Georgia State Navy During the American Revolutionary War , the Georgia State Navy consisted of only a few ships , most of which were destroyed in 1778 and 1779 . History . Georgia was one of the first of the Thirteen Colonies to engage a ship for its own naval purposes . In June 1775 , not long after the American Revolutionary War broke out , it commissioned an armed sloop for the purpose of seizing a British transport carrying munitions that was destined for the Georgia port of Savannah . Funds were authorized in 1776 for expeditions by Captains Oliver Bowen and Job Pray to acquire and arm ships in the West Indies ; whether these were actually successful is unknown . In November 1776 the state established an admiralty court for adjudicating the distribution of prizes captured at sea . The state also authorized the construction of row galley s in 1776 . A total of four were put into service : " Washington " , " Lee " , " Bulloch " , and " Congress " . These ships , unsuited for use on the high seas , served along the state ' s coast and on its rivers . They were used in some of the failed attempts to attack East Florida , and in the successful naval action in April 1778 that disabled and captured several British ships off St . Simons Island . The four galleys were used in the 1779 Siege of Savannah , a failed Franco - American attempt to retake the city from the British . The continued British occupation of the state ( the only state in which the royal governor returned to take control ) , made the construction of further ships impossible .
Submarine Squadron 3 Submarine Squadron 3 ( also known as SUBRON 3 ) is a squadron of submarine s of the United States Navy based at Joint Base Pearl Harbor - Hickam , Pearl Harbor , HI under the command of Captain Caudle . Submarine Squadron 3 was first established on November 25 , 1930 at Coco Solo in the Panama Canal Zone . One of its first submarines was the R - 1 built in 1917 . Her ten boats conducted Panama Sea Frontier patrols for the Atlantic Fleet . As tensions grew through the Thirties , Squadron Three ' s mission evolved into the defense of coastal regions on both ends of the canal . Most of Squadron Three ' s submarines shifted to the Pacific end of the canal when war broke out . As the Second World War progressed , most of the squadron ' s submarines were transferred to more active regions , leaving only four subs in Squadron Three by August 1943 . By May 1945 , there were no submarines left in the squadron ; only the rescue vessel USS Mallard ( AM 44 ) and three destroyers remained . Squadron Three was deactivated July 1 , 1945 and reactivated in Guam on October 1 , 1945 . The United States built a fleet of diesel - electric submarines during the war and commissioned a new submarine tender , USS Sperry ( AS 12 ) , near its end . To support these ships , the Navy reorganized its submarine squadrons , re - establishing COMSUBRON 3 on Guam Oct . 1 , 1945 . In February , 1946 the squadron moved to San Diego . Submarine Squadron Three continued to serve until March 31 , 1995 when it was again deactivated . On June 16 , 1997 Submarine Squadron Three rejoined the Pacific Submarine Force in Pearl Harbor , Hawaii . In 2003 , five submarines from COMSUBRON 3 were deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . Three of these submarines , USS Columbia ( SSN 771 ) , USS Louisville ( SSN 724 ) and USS Key West ( SSN 722 ) , conducted Tomahawk strike operations against targets in Iraq . On February 2 , 2012 , Commander , Submarine Squadron ( COMSUBRON ) 3 disestablished , as COMSUBRON 1 changed command , during an official ceremony aboard USS Greeneville ( SSN 772 ) at the submarine piers at Joint Base Pearl Harbor - Hickam . The disestablishment reassigns all COMSUBRON 3 attack submarines to COMSUBRON 1 and COMSUBRON 7 . Under the deactivation , USS Jacksonville ( SSN 699 ) , USS Key West ( SSN 722 ) and USS North Carolina ( SSN 777 ) are assigned to COMSUBRON 1 and USS Louisville ( SSN 724 ) and USS Olympia ( SSN 717 ) are assigned to COMSUBRON 7 . USS Chicago ( SSN 721 ) will be assigned to COMSUBRON 15 in Apra Harbor , Guam . COMSUBRON 1 will support the unit and act as its host until she conducts a change of homeport to Guam . The submarines that made up SUBRON 3 included :
ROKS 2 The ROKS - 2 ( Ranzewüj ognemjod K S - 2 ) is a soviet flamethrower developed in the early 1930s to equip the Red Army . The ROKS - 2 was not essentially different from other flamethrowers used in World War II , unless the issue of appearance : as has been observed in a War that any soldier carrying one became immediately the preferred target of defensive fire , the Soviets tried to hide his weapon , giving it the shape of a rifle and the tank shaped like a backpack . The ROKS 3 was basically the same gun , made in a simplified manner during the war , without the disguise of backpack .
Defence Long Service Medal The Defence Long Service Medal is an Australian Military award given for long service by permanent and reserve members of the Australian Defence Force , irrespective of rank . It was introduced in 1998 , and replaced the suite of defence force service awards introduced in 1982 , which comprised the Defence Force Service Medal , the Reserve Force Medal and the Reserve Force Decoration . Additional service clasps , each indicating a further 5 years after the initial 15 year qualifying service , are issued . The first four clasps to the medal are indicated by rosettes on the ribbon . These are replaced by a single silver Federation Star for the fifth clasp . Additional Federation Star emblems are added for subsequent clasps . Other Australian Long Service Awards include : While the Australian Defence Medal is sometimes classified as a " long service medal " , it is intended to recognise all those who completed an obligation to serve their country ( whether voluntarily or conscripted ) , and is not awarded for " long service " per se .
Siege of Inverness ( 1689 ) The Siege of Inverness that took place in 1689 was carried out by the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch , a Highland Scottish clan against the people of the city of Inverness . In 1665 the people of Inverness had rioted seriously injuring a number of men of the Clan MacDonald . Twenty four years later in 1689 the feud was re - ignited and the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch laid siege to the city with 800 to 900 men . They plundered the town and took hostages . Through the mediation of John Graham , 1st Viscount Dundee a ransom was paid for the release of the captives and the MacDonalds of Keppoch went home with their plunder , robbing and devastating all before them . The MacDonalds of Keppoch soon after supported John Graham , 1st Viscount Dundee at the Battle of Killiecrankie .
List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships This is a list of amphibious warfare ships of the United States Navy . Ship status is indicated as either currently active [ A ] , inactive [ I ] , or precommissioning [ P ] . Ships in the inactive category include all that have been decommissioned . Ships in the precommissioning category include ships under construction . All information is sourced from the relevant articles . Landing Craft Infantry ( LCI ) . The United States Navy built 932 Landing Craft Infantry ships in World War II . A list can be found here . Landing Craft Medium ( LCM ) . The United States Navy built 11 , 144 medium landing craft , designated " Landing Craft , Medium " or " LCM " , in World War II . Landing Ship Medium ( LSM ) . Towards the end of World War II the United States Navy built 558 Landing Ship Medium ( LSM ) type vessels across three classes . A list can be found here . Landing Ship Tanks ( LST ) . The United States Navy built nearly 1 , 200 tank landing ship s , classified as " Landing Ship , Tank " or " LST " , from the World War II - era up through the early 1970s . USS Tuscaloosa LST 1187
French ship Conquérant ( 1812 ) The Conquérant was a " Bucentaure " - class 80 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy , designed by Sané . She was commissioned in Anvers under Captain Lafond in the Scheldt squadron . At the Bourbon Restauration , she was sent to Brest , where she underwent a refit in 1821 , and was sent to Toulon in 1824 . She took part in the Morea expedition in 1827 , and in the Invasion of Algiers in 1830 . In November 1830 , she was disarmed in Toulon , and was struck the next year . From 1830 , she was used as a barracks hulk , until 1842 , when she was broken up .