naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Arjan Singh Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh , DFC ( Punjabi : ਅਰਜਨ ਸਿੰਘ ) ( 15 April 1919 - ) is the only officer of the Indian Air Force to be promoted to five - star rank , equal to a Field Marshal , to which he was promoted in 2002 . He was born in the Punjab town of Lyallpur , British India , into an Aulakh family . With the death of Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw in June 2008 , he is presently the only living Indian military officer with a five - star rank . Early life and career . Arjan Singh was born on 15 April 1919 in Lyallpur in the Punjab in what was then British India . He was educated at Montgomery , India ( now in Pakistan ) . He entered the RAF College Cranwell in 1938 and was commissioned as a pilot officer in December 1939 . As a distinguished graduate of the RAF College , Singh ' s portrait is now to be found on the walls of the College ' s west staircase . Singh led No . 1 Squadron , Indian Air Force into command during the Arakan Campaign in 1944 . He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross ( DFC ) in 1944 , and commanded the Indian Air Force Exhibition Flight in 1945 . Singh almost faced a court martial when he tried to raise the morale of an air force pilot by conducting a low level air pass over a house in Kerala , but he insisted that such tricks are needed for every cadet to be a fighter pilot . Career and commands held . He was Chief of the Air Staff ( CAS ) , from 1 August 1964 to 15 July 1969 , and was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1965 . He also became the first Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air Force when , in recognition of the Air Force ’ s contribution in the 1965 war , the rank of the Chief of Air Staff was upgraded to that of Air Chief Marshal . After he retired in 1969 at the age of 50 , he was appointed the Indian Ambassador to Switzerland in 1971 . He concurrently served as the Ambassador to the Vatican . He was appointed High Commissioner to Kenya in 1974 . He was member of the Minorities Commission , Government of India from 1975 - 1981 . He was Lt . Governor of Delhi from Dec 1989 - Dec 1990 and was made Marshal of the Air Force in January , 2002 .
States of Alderney Member The ten States of Alderney Members make up the legislature ( " The States of Alderney " ) of the island of Alderney . Half of the ten States Members are elected every two years for a four year mandate . They are organised into three main committees : " Policy and Finance " , " General Services " , and " Building and Development Control " , each of which works under a different mandate and has a separate budget . There are also numerous smaller committees . A " states meeting " is held every month , and is chaired by the island ' s president Sir Norman Browse .
HMAS Doomba HMAS " Doomba was a Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) warship of World War II . Built for the Royal Navy around the end of World War I as the Hunt - class minesweeper HMS " Wexford , the ship only saw two years of service before she was decommissioned in 1921 and sold to the Doomba Shipping Company . The vessel was renamed Doomba , converted into a passenger ship , and operated in the waters around Brisbane until 1939 , when she was requesitioned by the RAN for wartime service . Serving first as an auxiliary minehunter , then an auxiliary anti - submarine vessel , HMAS " Doomba " was purchased outright by the RAN in 1940 , and served until early 1946 , when she was sold and converted into a linseed oil lighter . " Doomba " was scuttled off Dee Why , New South Wales in 1976 . Construction . The ship was built for the RN as the Hunt - class minesweeper HMS " Wexford " . She was constructed by William Simons & Co at their shipyard in Renfrew , Scotland , launched in 1919 , and commissioned later that year . Operational history . The minehunter was decommissioned from the RN in 1921 and sold to the Doomba Shipping Company . After being converted to a passenger ship and renamed " Doomba " , she entered mercantile service in 1923 , and was used to carry tourists between Brisbane and Bribie Island . In this role , she could carry 1 , 500 passengers , and was also used as a flagship for regattas . " Doomba " was requisitioned by the RAN on 4 September 1939 and purchased in June 1940 . During her service with the RAN , " Doomba " was first used as an auxiliary mine sweeper and later an auxiliary anti - submarine vessel . Her service during World War II earned the ship a battle honour : " Pacific 1941 - 43 " . She was decommissioned from the RAN on 13 March 1946 and sold on 3 February 1947 . She was converted to a linseed oil lighter in 1947 and renamed " Meggol " . Fate . On 9 December 1976 , " Meggol " was scuttled off Dee Why , New South Wales . References .
Arisztid Dessewffy Arisztid Dessewffy ( ; 2 July 1802 , Csákány / Čakanovce – 6 October 1849 , Arad ) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army . He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad .
French ship Algésiras ( 1804 ) Algésiras was a 74 - gun French ship of the line built at Lorient in 1804 , named after the Battle of Algeciras . In 1805 she sailed to the West Indies with where they joined a French fleet under Vice - Admiral Villeneuve . In October 1805 she took part in the Battle of Trafalgar , under Rear Admiral Charles Magon . She was engaged by at point - blank range , and Magon attempted a boarding , but the boarding party was annihilated by British fire which killed all but one of the party , who was made prisoner . Magon was killed . The fight went on for an hour with " Tonnant " s starboard guns duelling with the " Algésiras " , the port guns with , and the forward guns aimed at the . " Algésiras " finally surrendered to " Tonnant " at around 14 : 30 . During the storm after the battle , her crew rose up against the British prize crew , and recaptured the ship . She sailed to Cádiz flying French colours . On 14 June 1808 she was captured by the Spanish along with all the other French ships in Cadiz .
Nick Justice Nickolas G . " Nick " Justice is a U . S . Army major general who commanded the United States Army Research , Development and Engineering Command and Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland . He assumed command of RDECOM on December 4 , 2009 . He left RDECOM February 10 , 2012 , and retired from the Army in October . Biography . Justice began his 41 - year army career as an enlisted soldier . He was commissioned upon graduation from Officer Candidate School in 1977 . He earned a bachelor ' s degree in history from the University of Maryland , a master ' s degree in Institutional Management from Pepperdine University and a master ' s degree in International Relations from Salve Regina College . His military education includes the Industrial College of the Armed Forces , the Senior Acquisition Course of the Armed Forces , the Adjutant General Basic and Advanced Course , Systems Automation Course , and the United States Naval War College . Prior to serving as RDECOM commanding general , Justice was the Program Executive Officer for the Program Executive Office Command , Control and Communications - Tactical at Fort Monmouth , New Jersey . His experiences include significant joint service and acquisition assignments . His joint service experience includes a two - year assignment to the Sixth Allied Tactical Air Force as Chief , Project Management for Command and Control Systems . During this assignment , he participated in Operation Desert Storm as part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . During Operation Iraqi Freedom , he served as Commander of the Information Management Task Force in Kuwait and Iraq . His 20 years of acquisition experience includes assignments as Project Manager , Transportation Coordinator ' s Automated Information for Movement Systems and Project Manager , Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below ( PM FBCB2 ) . As the PM FBCB2 , Justice fielded 1 , 100 battlefield - tested systems to soldiers deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom . Justice received the 2002 Army Acquisition Excellence PM of the Year Award . He won Federal Computer Weekly ' s Federal 100 Award in 2004 and 2008 , as well as its Monticello Award in 2004 . He was awarded the 2008 Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association Award of Excellence in Information Technology . In August 2010 , he was named the Association of Defense Communities Military Leader of the Year . Other achievements . Justice ' s awards and decorations include the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters , the Bronze Star Medal , the Defense Meritorious Service Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Army Commendation medal with an oak leaf cluster , the Army Achievement Medal , and the Army Staff Identification Badge . He was inducted into the 2009 Officer Candidate School Hall of Fame on March 27 in Fort Benning , Georgia .
Malcolm Lewis Pratt Malcolm Lewis Pratt was born in Bellefontaine , Ohio , 5 August 1891 . Navy career . World War I . " Pratt " became Assistant Surgeon with rank of Lieutenant ( junior grade ) , USNRF , 27 March 1917 . He received the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in reestablishing an advanced aid station just demolished by shell - fire in Lucy - le - Bocage 11 June 1918 , and in continuing to dress and evacuate the wounded under direct and continuous shell - fire at Thiancourt 13 September . He resigned from the Navy 13 October 1919 . World War II . On 2 May 1941 he reported for active duty again with the rank of Lieutenant Commander , MC , USNR . Attached to a Marine Division , he was reported missing in action as of 13 August 1942 , when he failed to return from a reconnaissance patrol near the village Mantanikau on Guadalcanal . Namesake . was named in his honor . She was laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corp . , Ltd . , Orange , Texas , 11 April 1944 ; launched 1 June 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Malcolm L . Pratt ; and commissioned 18 September 1944 , Comdr . Robert H . Wanless in command .
Autumn Harvest Uprising The Autumn Harvest Uprising ( ) was an insurrection that took place in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces , China , on September 7 , 1927 , led by Mao Zedong , who established a short - lived Hunan Soviet . Mao led a small army of peasants against the Kuomintang and the landlords of Hunan . The uprising was defeated by Kuomintang forces and Mao was forced to retreat to the Jinggang Mountains on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi provinces , where emerged an army of miner s . This was the first armed uprising by the Communists , and it marked a significant change in their strategy . Mao and Red Army founder Zhu De went on to develop a rural - based strategy that centred on guerrilla tactics , paving the way to the Long March of 1934 ( the first Long March in 1918 not accountable ) . In their biography of Mao , " " , Jung Chang and Jon Halliday dispute this version of events . Chang and Halliday claim that the ' uprising ' was in fact sabotaged by Mao to allow him to snare a force of Nationalist mutineers from Nanchang who were crossing over to the CCP , prevent them from defecting to any other CCP leader , and enhance his own personal power within the CCP . They claim that Mao ' s three day delay in seeing the other leaders of the Hunan uprising , scheduled for 15 August but delayed by Mao until 18 August , was to allow Mao to check that the mutineers would still be passing close by and that if Mao had not had the opportunity of adding this force to his own forces within the CCP he would not have gone to south Hunan . Chang and Halliday also claim that Mao lobbied to ' narrow down ' the uprising and talked the other leaders ( including Russian diplomats at the Soviet consulate in Changsha who , Chang and Halliday claim , had been controlling much of the CCP activity ) into striking only at Changsha . This , they say , was in order to allow Mao to also gain control of a force of 1 , 700 peasant rebels and defectors from the Nationalist army who were near Changsha . Chang and Halliday point out that once Mao had gained control of these men , he then moved to a position 100 km east of Changsha at Wenjiashi and was there on 11 September , the uprising ' s launch date , far from his troops , and that on 14 September , before the troops had reached Changsha or met heavy resistance , Mao ordered them to abandon the assault on Changsha and converge on his position . Chang and Halliday report a view sent to Moscow by the secretary of the Soviet Consulate in Changsha that the retreat was ' the most despicable treachery and cowardice . ' Chang and Halliday allege that Mao later fabricated the version of events ( which is still that taught by the CCP ) in order to hide the fact that far from leading a peasant uprising , he hijacked it for his own personal ends , sabotaged the organisation , and ran away with the new troops before the attack on Changsha had begun .
Battle of Kinston The Battle of Kinston was fought on December 14 , 1862 , in Lenoir County , North Carolina , near the town of Kinston , as part of the Goldsboro Expedition of the American Civil War . A Union expedition led by Brig . Gen . John G . Foster left New Bern in December to disrupt the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad at Goldsborough . The advance was stubbornly contested by Brig . Gen . Nathan Evans ' s brigade near Kinston Bridge on December 14 , but the Confederates were outnumbered and withdrew north of the Neuse River in the direction of Goldsborough . Foster continued his movement the next day , taking the River Road , south of the Neuse River .
Treaty of Ried The Treaty of Ried of 8 October 1813 was a treaty that was signed between Bavaria and Austria . By this treaty , Bavaria left the Confederation of the Rhine and agreed to join the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in exchange for a guarantee of her continued sovereign and independent status . On 14 October , Bavaria made a formal declaration of war against Napoleonic France . The treaty was passionately backed by the Crown Prince Louis and by Marshal von Wrede .
HMAS Archer ( P 86 ) HMAS " Archer " ( P 86 ) was an " Attack " class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Design and construction . The " Attack " class was ordered in 1964 to operate in Australian waters as patrol boat s ( based on lessons learned through using the Ton class minesweeper s on patrols of Borneo during the Indonesia - Malaysia Confrontation , and to replace a variety of old patrol , search - and - rescue , and general - purpose craft . Initially , nine were ordered for the RAN , with another five for Papua New Guinea ' s Australian - run coastal security force , although another six ships were ordered to bring the class to twenty vessels . The patrol boats had a displacement of 100 tons at standard load and 146 tons at full load , were in length overall , had a beam of , and draughts of at standard load , and at full load . Propulsion machinery consisted of two 16 - cylinder Paxman YJCM diesel engines , which supplied to the two propellers . The vessels could achieve a top speed of , and had a range of at . The ship ' s company consisted of three officers and sixteen sailors . Main armament was a bow - mounted Bofors 40 mm gun , supplemented by two . 50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns and various small arms . The ships were designed with as many commercial components as possible : the " Attack " s were to operate in remote regions of Australia and New Guinea , and a town ' s hardware store would be more accessible than home base in a mechanical emergency . " Archer " was built by Walkers Limited at Maryborough , Queensland , launched on 2 December 1967 and commissioned on 15 May 1968 . Operational history . " Archer " paid off on 21 October 1974 . She was transferred to the Indonesian Navy and renamed " Siliman " . The patrol boat was listed in " Jane ' s Fighting Ships " as still operational in 2011 .
Oranienbaum Bridgehead The Oranienbaum Bridgehead ( Ораниенбаумский плацдарм in Russian ) was an isolated portion of the Leningrad Oblast in Russia , which was retained under Soviet control during the siege of Leningrad in World War II . It played a significant role in protecting the city . History . The area is located near the town of Lomonosov ( formerly Oranienbaum ) and centred on the Krasnaya Gorka Fort complex . The Germans approached Leningrad in early September 1941 and reached the Gulf of Finland on the 7th , isolating an area 65 km long and up to 25 km deep along the Baltic Coast . This area was heavily fortified and defended by the soldiers of the Red Army and Sailors of the Baltic Fleet . An attempt to link up with the main soviet forces around Leningrad , the Strelna Peterhof operation was mounted on 5 – 10 October but failed . The garrison included the 48th , 98th and 168th Rifle Divisions as well as parts of the Baltic Fleet which provided gunfire support and supply . The commander between 1942 and 1943 was General Vladimir Romanovsky . He was replaced by Ivan Fedyuninsky in December 1943 . The area was besieged until January 1944 when troops linked up with the main Soviet forces breaking the siege of Leningrad during the Krasnoye Selo – Ropsha Offensive . Monuments . Several monuments from the Green Belt of Glory are located within the former bridgehead References . " This article incorporates material from Russian Wikipedia "
Castle of San Marcos ( El Puerto de Santa María ) Castle of San Marcos ( also " Castillo de Alfonso X El Sabio " ) is a medieval castle located in El Puerto de Santa María , Cádiz , Spain . The castle was erected as a fortified church by King Alfonso X of Castile . It was built on the site of a mosque of which the wall of the qibla survives . Close to the castle there is a replica of the map of Juan de la Cosa and a little fountain . Conservation . The castle was declared a national monument on 30 August 1920 and is currently listed in the Spanish heritage register as a " Bien de Interés Cultural " .
Battle of Cockpit Point The Battle of Cockpit Point , the Battle of Freestone Point , or the Battle of Shipping Point , took place on January 3 , 1862 , in Prince William County , Virginia , as part of the blockade of the Potomac River during the American Civil War . After victory at First Battle of Bull Run , the Confederate States Army ( CSA ) established a defensive line from Centreville along the Occoquan River to the Potomac River . The Confederates used the Potomac ’ s banks as gun positions to halt Union traffic on the river , protecting Manassas Junction to the west and Fredericksburg to the south and to close the Potomac River to shipping and isolate Washington . In October 1861 , the Confederates constructed batteries at Evansport ( now downtown Quantico , consisted of two batteries on the river bank , and another inland ) , a CSA field battery located at the mouth of Chopawamsic Creek where it empties to the Potomac ( now the Marine Corps Air Facility ) , Shipping Point ( now Hospital Point on Quantico , number of guns unknown ) , Freestone Point ( a CSA four - gun battery on the shore of the Potomac River , now within Leesylvania State Park ) , and Cockpit Point ( near the current asphalt plant , consisted of six guns ( one heavy gun ) in four batteries , a powder magazine , and rear rifle pits , on top of a high cliff known as Possum Nose ) . By mid - December , the Confederates had 37 heavy guns in position along the river . On September 25 , 1861 , the Freestone Point batteries were shelled by the ( commanded by Lieutenant Edward P . McCrea ) and , commanded by Lieutenant Charles S . Norton . On January 1 , 1862 , Cockpit Point was shelled by ( Lieutenant Oscar C . Badger commanding ) and ( Lieutenant Eastman commanding ) , with neither side gaining an advantage , though " Yankee " was slightly damaged . Union ships approached the point again on March 9 . A landing party from " Anacostia " and " Yankee " destroyed abandoned Confederate batteries at Cockpit Point and Evansport , Virginia , and found CSS " Page " blown up . The Confederates , in keeping with their general tactic of withdrawal from the sea coast and coastal islands , had abandoned their works and retired closer to Richmond , after effectively sealing off the Potomac River for nearly five months .
Scientific Advisory Group The Scientific Advisory Group of the United States Air Force , later renamed the Scientific Advisory Board , was established in 1944 , when General Henry H . Arnold asked Dr . Theodore von Kármán to establish a group of scientists to review the techniques and research trends in aeronautics . The group was asked to evaluate the aeronautical research and development programs and facilities of the Axis powers of World War II , and to provide recommendations for future United States Air Force research and development programs . Under von Kármán the group put together several reports for General Arnold , including , " Where We Stand " and " Toward New Horizons . " General Arnold ' s vision and Dr . von Kármán ' s reports led to American airpower dominance and the establishment of the Air Engineering Development Center later renamed and dedicated as the Arnold Engineering Development Center ( AEDC ) in 1951 .
Alexey Nagayev Alexey Ivanovich Nagayev ( , March 17 , 1704 , Sertyakino - January 8 , 1781 , Saint Petersburg ) was a Russia n hydrographer , cartographer and an admiral ( since 1769 ) . Coming from scanty noble family , he graduated from Petersburg Naval Academy and worked ibidem . During the Seven Years ' War Nagayev headed the hydrographic expedition to the Prussian shores . He also compiled the first atlases of the Bering Sea and Baltic Sea ( 1752 ) . Despite the absence of meridional grid , Nagayev ' s maps have been used for over fifty years . In 1764 - 65 Nagayev has been the supreme commander of the Kronstadt port . A bay in the Okhotsk Sea is named after him .
HMS Rodney ( 1809 ) HMS " Rodney " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 8 December 1809 at Deptford . In 1827 she was reduced to a 50 - gun ship , and in 1836 " Rodney " was sold out of the Navy .
85th Battalion ( Nova Scotia Highlanders ) , CEF The 85th Canadian Infantry Battalion , C . E . F . ( Nova Scotia Highlanders ) was a unit of the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force . It was authorized on September 14 , 1915 , by the appointment of Lieutenant - Colonel A . H . Borden as its commanding officer . The battalion served in the Battle of Vimy Ridge , taking Hill 145 . The battalion is perpetuated by The Cape Breton Highlanders .
4th Luftwaffe Field Division ( Germany ) The 4th Luftwaffe Field Division was a German infantry formation which fought during World War II . History and organisation . The division was formed in 1942 in the area of Third Air Command ( Berlin ) . In November 1942 , it was assigned to Army Group Centre on the Eastern Front . By 1943 it had the following organisation : In the summer of 1944 , the 4th Luftwaffe Field Division was holding a salient north of Vitebsk as part of Third Panzer Army ' s LIII Corps , with the 6th Luftwaffe Field Division on its right flank , and the 246th Infantry Division on its left . The commencement of the Soviet Operation Bagration on 22 June 1944 saw the entire corps surrounded within days , after the Soviet 39th and 43rd Armies managed to break through defensive lines to the north and south . LIII Corps ' commander , General Friedrich Gollwitzer , moved the 4th Luftwaffe Field Division southwest of Vitebsk , intending to spearhead a breakout operation , but the division was encircled at Ostrovno and annihilated on or around 26 June .