naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German submarine U - 2324 German submarine " U - 2324 " was a highly advanced submarine built for the Kriegsmarine in World War II . " U - 2324 " was one of the last commissioned boats to undertake an operational patrol , and one of just three of her class to undergo two . During these patrols , she succeeded in sinking a single small British coastal freighter , one of just five ships sunk by this submarine class . " U - 2321 " was built as a German Type XXIII submarine at Hamburg during the spring of 1944 . As an early production of a new class of boats which utilised new technologies , she required a lengthy period of sea trials and training to best develop the boat ' s offensive capabilities . It was thus not until January 1945 that her captain , Hans - Heinrich Haas , was permitted to take her on a patrol off the Eastern coast of Scotland . War Patrol . The first patrol was unsuccessful , Allied precautions and counter - measures were effective enough to prevent her from successfully targeting even the small coastal vessels to be found in this area . She returned empty - handed , and Haas was replaced by Konstantin von Rappard , who now commanded her for the remainder of her service career . The second patrol of " U - 2324 " in April was more successful , with the SS " Monarch " being sunk . This 1 , 100 ton ship was torpedoed in a night attack on a coastal convoy , and was the only success of the boat during her operational career . " U - 2324 " returned to Stavanger in May 1945 the day before the surrender . When Germany surrendered , " U - 2324 " was at Stavanger in Norway , from where it sailed to Loch Ryan in Scotland for disposal in Operation " Deadlight " . Towed out to sea on the 27 November , the boat was destroyed as a naval gunnery target .
Francis E . Patterson Francis Engle Patterson ( March 7 , 1821 - November 22 , 1862 ) was a United States Army general who died during the American Civil War . Patterson was born in Philadelphia to Irish - American army officer Robert Patterson ( himself a general during the Mexican - American War and the Civil War ) and Sarah Engle . His brother was brevet Brigadier General Robert Emmet Patterson , and he was brother - in - law to another Union general , John Joseph Abercrombie . Like his father , he entered the army during the Mexican - American War , and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st U . S . Artillery ( June 24 , 1847 - October 28 , 1847 ) . He was promoted to first lieutenant October 29 , 1847 . After the war , Patterson transferred to the 9th U . S . Infantry where he was promoted to captain , March 3 , 1855 ; he resigned May 1 , 1857 . At the outbreak of the Civil War , Patterson rejoined the army and was commissioned colonel of the 17th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry , April 25 , 1861 . He was promoted to brigadier general in the United States Volunteers on April 11 , 1862 and placed in command of the 3rd Brigade , 2nd Division , III Corps , Army of the Potomac . His career came to an end in 1862 after he allegedly conducted an unauthorized withdrawal at Catlett ' s Station due to unconfirmed reports of Confederate forces nearby . He was criticized by his division commander Daniel Sickles , who relieved him of command and called for an inquiry on the matter . Before an investigation could be conducted however , Patterson died from a gunshot wound in his tent near Occoquan , Virginia , either due to an accidental weapon discharge or suicide . Patterson is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . His father and brother were later buried next to him .
Lennox Tower Lennox Tower is a ruined fifteenth - century tower house at Lymphoy , near the Water of Leith , between Balerno and Currie , southwest of Edinburgh , Scotland . History . The tower was built by the Earls of Lennox , who belonged to the Stewart family . Mary , Queen of Scots and Regent Morton visited the castle , while James VI used it as base for hunting . It was later acquired by George Heriot , the goldsmith and founder of George Heriot ' s School . The castle became so ruinous that at one stage it became a rock garden . Description . The castle was a rectangular tower . The only part remaining is the basement , the entrance of which is in the northeast corner , and the base of a turnpike stair . The north and west walls of the tower are about high , while the other two sides are less than . There was a tunnel from the building to Lymphoy House . The castle is on a promontory . There is a ditch to the south of this , about two metres deep , where an inner rampart may have been . It is thought that a barmkin once surrounded the site , while other buildings probably stood between the tower and the ditch . Tradition . The tower is said to be haunted by a white lady . The tradition is that she is the daughter - in - law of the family at Lymphoy House . After her husband died in battle she turned to his family , who had never approved of her , for help . When they rejected her she , and her child , died in the snow . A white lady has been seen gliding around the area several times since .
John E . Buffington Sergeant John E . Buffington ( July 12 , 1839 to April 26 , 1915 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Buffington received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action during the Third Battle of Petersburg in Virginia on 2 April 1865 . He was honored with the award on 3 April 1908 . Biography . Born in Carroll County , Maryland , Buffington enlisted into the 6th Maryland Infantry . He is noted as the first Union soldier to raise a flag within the Confederates lines for the Civil War . This act , which he performed on 2 April 1865 , earned him the medal of honor . HOwever , Buffington was not presented with the medal until 1908 as he had mustered out of the army without applying for it .
HMS Diamond ( D35 ) HMS " Diamond " was a " Daring " - class destroyer of the British Royal Navy . She was built by John Brown & Company in Clydebank , Scotland , and launched on 14 June 1950 . This ship was John Brown & Company ' s first all - welded ship ( as opposed to the rivetted construction more commonly used up to that time ) . In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . On 29 September 1953 , she sustained severe bow damage in a collision with the cruiser during Exercise Mariner , held off the coast of Iceland . In 1956 she was sent into Port Said to show the flag prior to the Franco - British assault , but the Egyptian government was unmoved and she sailed out to join the main attack force for the Suez landings at Port Said . She underwent a refit in 1959 at Chatham Dockyard . In 1964 she was involved in another collision , this time with , in the English Channel during a naval demonstration . In 1970 , she became a dockside training ship in Portsmouth and remained in this role until replaced by . She was scrapped in Rainham in Kent in 1981 .
Bronbeek Bronbeek is a former Royal palace in Arnhem , the Netherlands . It is now a museum and a home for elderly soldiers . Bronbeek was built early in the 19th century . In 1845 the Dutch King William III bought it . He donated it to the Dutch state in 1859 . William wanted it to be a home for disabled KNIL soldiers . The inhabitants took their collections of ' souvenirs ' with them . This turned into a museum about the Dutch East Indies . In 2004 , 50 former soldiers had their home in Bronbeek .
German submarine U - 9 ( 1935 ) The German submarine " U - 9 " was a Type IIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " . Her keel was laid down on 8 February 1935 , by Germaniawerft in Kiel as ' werk ' 543 . She was launched on 30 July 1935 and commissioned on 21 August , with " Korvettenkapitän " Hans - Günther Looff in command . " U - 9 " conducted 19 patrols under a series of commanders , including U - boat ace Wolfgang Lüth , sinking eight ships totalling 17 , 221 tons and damaging another displacing 412 tons . This included the French Sirène class coastal submarine . Fate . To serve in the 30th U - boat Flotilla , the submarine was transported overland and along the Danube to the Black Sea . At 10 : 30hrs on 20 August 1944 , at Konstanza in Rumania in position , " U - 9 " was sunk by bombs from Soviet aircraft . The Soviets raised the boat and brought her into Mykolaiv in 1945 . She was repaired and commissioned into the Soviet Navy as , but did not perform well and was broken up on 12 December 1946 .
Gott mit uns Gott mit uns ( meaning " God with us " ) is a phrase commonly used on armor in the German military from the German Empire to the end of the Third Reich , although its historical origins are far older . The Imperial Russian motto , " Съ нами Богъ ! " ( " " S ' nami Bog ' ! " " ) , also translates to this . Origins . " Nobiscum deus " ( ' God with us ' ) was a battle cry of the late Roman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire , used for the first time in German by the Teutonic Order . In the 17th century , the phrase " Gott mit uns " was used as a ' field word ' , a means of recognition akin to a password , by the army of Gustavus Adolphus at the battles of Breitenfeld ( 1631 ) , Lützen ( 1632 ) and Wittstock ( 1636 ) in the Thirty Years ' War . In 1701 , Frederick I of Prussia changed his coat of arms as Prince - Elector of Brandenburg . The electoral scepter had its own shield under the electoral cap . Below , the motto " Gott mit uns " appeared on the pedestal . Usage . The Prussian Order of the Crown was Prussia ' s lowest ranking order of chivalry , and was instituted in 1861 . The obverse gilt central disc bore the crown of Prussia , surrounded by a blue enamel ring bearing the motto of the German Empire " Gott Mit Uns " . At the time of the completion of German unification in 1871 , the imperial standard bore the motto " Gott mit uns " on the arms of an Iron Cross . Imperial German 3 and 5 mark silver and 20 mark gold coins had " Gott mit uns " inscribed on their edge . German soldiers had " Gott mit uns " inscribed on their helmets in the First World War . To the Germans it was a rallying cry , " a Protestant as well as an Imperial motto , the expression of German religious , political and ethnic single - mindedness , or the numerous unity of altar , throne and " Volk " " . The slogan entered the mindset on both sides ; in 1916 a cartoon was printed in the New York Tribune captioned " Gott Mit Uns ! " , showing " a German officer in spiked helmet holding a smoking revolver as he stood over the bleeding form of a nurse . It symbolized the rising popular demand that the United States shed its neutrality " . In June 1920 George Grosz produced a lithographic collection in three editions entitled " Gott mit uns " . A satire on German society and the counterrevolution , the collection was swiftly banned . Grosz was charged with insulting the army , which resulted in a 300 German Mark fine and the destruction of the collection . During the Second World War Wehrmacht soldiers wore this slogan on their belt buckles , as opposed to members of the Waffen SS , who wore the motto " Meine Ehre heißt Treue " ( ' My honour is loyalty ' ) . After the war the motto was also used by the Bundeswehr and German police , it was replaced with " " Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit " " ( " Unity and Justice and Freedom " ) in 1962 ( police within the 1970s ) , the first line of the third stanza of the " Lied der Deutschen " . In popular culture . The third track on the album Carolus Rex by Swedish power metal band Sabaton is titled " Gott Mit Uns , " and is about the 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld .
Lothar von Bischoffshausen Lothar William Mordian Freiherr von Bischoffshausen ( 20 February 1897 – 18 February 1970 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was the fourth child of Heino Freiherr von Bischoffshausen and Helene born Freiin von Eickstedt . He married to Margarete Luise von Poseck in 1928 .
Martin Schwartz ( mercenary ) Martin Schwartz ( died 16 June 1487 ) was a German mercenary who died at the Battle of Stoke Field while fighting for Lambert Simnel , a Yorkist pretender to the English throne . Schwartz was born in Augsburg , the son of a shoemaker . Able but arrogant , he rose to become a major military entrepreneur , organising mercenary soldiers to fight in several campaigns . He is first recorded fighting for Charles the Bold of Burgundy at the siege of Siege of Neuss in 1475 . In 1486 , he was recruited by Maximilian , later Holy Roman Emperor , to help rid the Burgundian Netherlands of the French and to suppress Flemish rebellion . Schwartz commanded 200 Swiss mercenaries in the campaign . When John de la Pole , 1st Earl of Lincoln fled the English court having decided to promote the cause of the pretender Simnel , his aunt , Margaret , Duchess of Burgundy , contracted Martin Schwartz to provide 2000 troops for an invasion . Both Lincoln and Schwartz died at the Battle of Stoke Field , when this invasion force was defeated by the army of Henry Tudor .
Mikhail Katukov Marshal of Armoured Troops Mikhail Efimovich Katukov ( September 17 , 1900 - June 8 , 1976 ) ( ) served as a commander of armored troops in the Red Army during and following World War II . He is viewed as one of the most talented Soviet armor commanders . Pre - War . Mikhail Efimovich Katukov entered the Red Army as a private in 1919 . He served during the Russian Civil War , and later served as a tank formation commander before the war . In 1935 he graduated from the Stalin Military Academy . German - Soviet War . His most notable command during the German - Soviet War was that of 1st Guards Tank Army which he commanded during the Battle of Kursk , Operation Bagration , the Vistula Oder Operation , and the Battle of Berlin . He also commanded 1st Guards Tank Brigade during the Battle of Moscow , and 3rd Mechanised Corps during Operation Mars . In the defense of Moscow in 1941 , it was Katukov ' s 4th Tank Brigade , part of the 1st Guards Rifle Corps , that checked the advance of Guderian ' s Panzergruppe 2 near Tula . To honor this achievement it became the 1st Guards Tank Brigade . Later during Operation Mars in December 1942 , Katukov ' s command managed a deep penetration into the German lines in the Rhzev salient . In the battle of Kursk , Katukov ' s command was one of the two armies that were hardest - hit by the initial German advance on the southern shoulder . Through the use of well - defended and sited strong - points , dug in tanks , and judicious use of counter attacks , Katukov managed to extract a high toll from the German attackers breaking through the defensive system . Mikhail Katukov was awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union twice ( September 29 , 1944 and April 6 , 1945 ) . Post - War . Following the war he became commander of the mechanized forces of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany , and later Inspector General of the Army .
8th Indian Infantry Brigade The 8th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in September 1939 , in India . In November 1940 , the brigade was assigned to the 11th Indian Infantry Division . The brigade was attached to the 9th Indian Infantry Division from March 1941 . The brigade took part in the Malayan Campaign and surrendered with the rest of the Allied forces in February 1942 , after the Battle of Singapore .
Edgar O ' Ballance Colonel Edgar O ' Ballance ( 17 July 1918 , Dublin , Ireland – 8 July 2009 , Wakebridge , Derbyshire , England ) was a British military journalist , researcher , defence commentator and academic lecturer specialising in international relations and defence problems . He served in the British and Indian armies until 1948 . He worked as a journalist for a US Wire Agency from 1948 to 1962 , and was thereafter a freelance journalist . He covered over twenty wars and insurgencies and wrote extensively on international relations , defence and strategic problems . He was a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Chairman of the London - based Military Commentators ' Circle . He wrote many articles for military journals and was the author of over forty books . Mad dog of the Middle East . O ' Ballance was the originator of the phrase " mad dog of the Middle East " when referring to Muammar al - Gaddafi while on the lecture circuit in the USA . The then - U . S . president , Ronald Reagan , picked it up and used the phrase himself in April 1986 .
Constantine Opos ( megas doux ) Constantine Opos ( ) was a notable Byzantine general and aristocrat in the first half of the reign of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos ( r . 1081 – 1118 ) . He participated in the wars against the Normans and the Seljuk Turks , eventually reaching the rank of " megas doux " ( commander - in - chief of the Byzantine navy ) . Biography . Constantine Opos first appears in the " Alexiad " in 1081 , during Alexios ' s campaign against the Normans of Robert Guiscard , leading the " tagma " of the " Exkoubitoi " . The campaign ended in the Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Dyrrhachium on 18 October 1081 , which effectively shattered the last remains of the old - established regiments of the middle Byzantine army . The " Exkoubitoi " are never heard from again ; their remnants were probably disbanded , marking the end of this historic unit , which had been founded as an elite imperial bodyguard by Emperor Leo I the Thracian ( r . 457 – 474 ) . In 1090 , Opos was subordinate to the admiral Constantine Dalassenos during the siege of the island of Chios , held by the forces of the Turkish emir Tzachas of Smyrna . Hoping to prevent Tzachas from crossing over from the mainland with reinforcements and relieve the siege , Dalassenos sent Opos with part of the fleet to interdict the crossing of the Chios Strait . Opos indeed encountered Tzachas ' s fleet attempting to cross during night , but , according to the " Alexiad " , as the emir had had his ships chained together , Opos feared to engage them and retreated to the Byzantine camp . In 1092 , he was charged with retaking the town of Cyzicus on the Marmara Sea , after a previous Byzantine naval expedition under Alexander Euphorbenos had failed . Opos led his forces overland to Cyzicus , and successfully stormed the town . He then dispatched troops that took Poimanenon before marching to Apollonias . He laid siege to the city , but soon the Turkish emir , Elchanes , surrendered it and his family to him . By 1094 , when he is attested in the synod that condemned Leo of Chalcedon , Opos had risen to the dignity of " protoproedros " . From a seal we know that he later rose further to " protonobelissimos " , and in a manuscript that belonged to him , he is finally recorded as " megas doux " . Opos is last attested in 1097 , during the First Crusade , when he was tasked with preventing the forces of a certain count , Raoul , from crossing the Bosporus , and even engaged in battle with the Crusaders .
Saw Ba Yi Saw Ba Yi ( ) is the only civilian to have won the Aung San Thuriya Medal , the highest award for gallantry and bravery in the face of the enemy given in Burma . Under normal circumstances , the medal is only awarded to members of the Myanmar Armed Forces .
Flanders F . 2 The Flanders F . 2 was a 1910s British experimental single - seat monoplane aircraft designed and built by Howard Flanders and later converted to a two - seater as the Flanders F . 3 . Development . Howard Flanders had been an assistant to A . V . Roe when he decided to design his own aircraft . In 1910 he could not get an appropriate engine for it . He started again on another monoplane design , the Flanders F . 2 powered by a 60 hp ( 45 kW ) Green engine . The F . 2 was a single - seat shoulder - wing monoplane . The wing as usual for the period was braced by wires and kingposts . It had a fixed tailskid landing gear with bicycle - type wheels and a central skid projecting forward from between the wheels . The central skid was to stop the aircraft nosing over on rough ground . It flew for the first time on 8 August 1911 . Later in 1911 the aircraft was modified to include another cockpit forward of the pilot for a passenger . The wingspan was increased and the modified aircraft was re - designated the Flanders F . 3 . It flew successfully for a number of months until is was destroyed in a fatal accident on 13 May 1912 when Mr . E . V . B Fisher was piloting it with an American passenger Mr . Mason when it crashed at Brooklands killing them both . In 1912 the War Office ordered four monoplanes based on the F . 3 and designated the Flanders F . 4 .
Denver City Home Guard The Denver City Home Guard was a formation of militia during the American Civil War , raised from Denver City in the Colorado territory . It was organized between August and October 1861 . In January 1862 it was sent to New Mexico Territory , where the unit fought in the Battle of Valverde . The unit was mustered out in April .
3rd Cavalry Division ( United States ) The United States Army ' s 3rd Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units in the interwar period . The 3rd Cavalry Division was largely a " paper " formation existing from 1927 to 1940 . Its units were never assembled in a single location . The 3rd Cavalry Division was located in the United States and never deployed overseas . The division ' s shoulder sleeve insignia was approved on 17 February 1928 .
Coast Guard Station Boston United States Coast Guard Station Boston is a located in the North End , Boston , Massachusetts . It is home to a number of ships including the USCGC Escanaba ( WMEC - 907 ) , USCGC Spencer , USCGC Flying Fish , USCGC Pendant , and USCGC Seneca , along with other small fleet units . It was re - opened in 2003 after being closed in 1996 .
Japanese submarine Ro - 102 Ro - 102 was a Japanese which saw service during World War II in the Imperial Japanese Navy . Laid down at the Kawasaki Jyuko on 30 September 1941 and launched on 17 April 1942 . Completed on 29 July 1942 . " Ro - 102 " was lost after May 1943 whilst on patrol south of New Guinea . Motor Torpedo Boats " PT - 150 " and " PT - 152 " were credited with her loss off Lae , New Guinea on 13 / 14 May 1943 , however this was confirmed later as , which survived the encounter .