naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Château du Plessis - Bourré Château du Plessis - Bourré is a château in the Loire Valley in France , situated in the commune of Écuillé in the Maine - et - Loire department . Built in less than 5 years from 1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré , the principal advisor to King Louis XI . The château has not been modified externally since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge . It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931 . The château was purchased in 1911 by Henry Vaïsse who , when he died in 1956 , bequeathed it to his nephew , François Reille - Soult , Duke of Dalmatie , descendant of the marshals of the french empire Soult , Reille and Massena . In 1978 , Antoinette de Ferrieres de Sauvebeuf , born de Croix , gran daughter of Duke of Dalmatie and her spouse Bruno de Ferrieres de Sauvebeuf , ake the responsibility of heading the renovation and maintenance of the Castle until 2009 . They will live with their three kids 31 years in the Chateau , which makes it the longest stay of one single family since 1473 The Château du Plessis - Bourré has been the location setting for numerous films , including :
Landmines in the Vietnam War Since the outbreak of the First Indochina War in 1946 and later the bloodier Second Indochina War of the 1960s and 1970s , countless numbers of land mines have been planted in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam . Many of these devices that did not detonate at some point or another remain a very dangerous menace that continues plaguing the country and surrounding areas . Ordnance and use of mines . French mines . The French made limited use of mines in the beginnings of the independence war in Indochina . American and South Vietnamese mines . The M14 mine blast - type anti - personnel mine used by the United States during the Vietnam War was known as the " toe popper . " Earlier examples of the toe - popper were the Soviet - made PMK - 40 and the World War II " ointment box . " North Vietnamese mines . The North Vietnamese forces made extensive use of a variety of homemade booby traps including the old French trou de loup set with Bengali punji stick s . The Vietnamese termed the smaller mines đạp lôi ( đạp lôi " step - and - pull " ) or mìn muỗi ( mìn muỗi " mosquito mine " ) . The Vietnamese equivalent of the American toe popper was a booby trap made from an empty . 50 caliber machine gun shell filled with gunpowder or other explosive powder and scrap metal . The casing is sealed in wax and placed in a bamboo cylinder with a nail in the bottom , which is then buried in the ground so only the wax on top is showing . When a person steps on the wax top the casing is pressed in to the nail which then blows scrap metal into the soldier ' s foot . Dap loi is rarely fatal but can blow a toe off and causes very painful wounds . Its most prevalent use was during the Vietnam War by Vietcong guerrillas attempting to find simple methods to slow the advancing U . S . forces down . The MD - 82 mine was a Vietnamese copy of the M - 14 " toe popper . " Casualties . Vietnamese . American landmines caused extensive casualties and amputees within among the Vietnamese civilian population . American . Landmines were a leading cause of American casualties . In 1965 alone , 65 – 70 % of US Marine Corps casualties were caused by mines and booby - traps . After the war . After the Fall of Saigon in April 1975 and the end of the Vietnam War , the Vietnamese government was left with the legacy of both Vietnamese and American mines . The US government has recently given some financial assistance for humanitarian mine action .
Action of 23 April 1945 The Action of 23 April 1945 was a submarine engagement of World War II that occurred in the Java Sea between Nazi Germany and the United States . It resulted in the last sinking of a German U - boat in Asian waters during the Pacific War and was one of only a few actions of the theater involving German forces . Action . United States Navy personnel on , under the command of Lieutenant Commander Herman Edward Miller , made radar contact with at about 01 : 00 off the southern coast of Borneo while patrolling the area . Underwater , the Americans fired a spread of torpedoes and one struck the U - boat which had a Japanese flag painted on the side , it sank quickly at position 04° 50 ′ S , 112° 52 ′ E with 54 men still aboard , including " Kapitänleutnant " ( Lieutenant Commander ) Fritz Schneewind . Afterward , the Americans surfaced and rescued one wounded German warrant officer and took him prisoner .
Philip James Vandeleur Kelly Sir Philip James Vandeleur Kelly KCMG , DSO ( 1897 - 1948 ) was a cavalry officer and a brigadier - general of the British Army . Kelly of Castle Connell , County Limerick , Ireland graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 3 May 1898 and joined the 3rd ( The King ' s Own ) Hussars as a second lieutenant . He was seconded to the Egyptian Army and as a captain was awarded the Imperial Ottoman Order of the Medjidieh , Fourth Class . This was followed by a second foreign award the Order of the Nile , Third Class on 20 June 1916 . As a lieutenant - colonel he was given command of the Anglo Egyptian Darfur Expedition and following its successful conclusion was awarded a British Distinguished Service Order , and made a Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George both in 1917 . He next served as the brigade commander of both the 5th Mounted and the 13th Cavalry Brigade s , during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . His last military post was as commanding officer of the 14th West Riding Battalion , Home Guard during the Second World War . Philip James Vadeleur Kelly died in 1949 .
Chancellorsville Confederate order of battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Chancellorsville of the American Civil War . The Union order of battle is listed separately . Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign , the casualty returns and the reports . Army of Northern Virginia . Gen Robert E . Lee First Corps . Gen Robert E . Lee Chief of Artillery : Col James B . Walton Second Corps . LTG Thomas J . Jackson ( mw ) < br > MG Ambrose P . Hill ( w ) < br > BG Robert E . Rodes < br > MG J . E . B . Stuart Chief of Artillery : Col Stapleton Crutchfield ( w ) , Col Edward P . Alexander , Col J . Thompson Brown
Greek submarine Papanikolis ( Y - 2 ) Papanikolis ( ) was one of the most successful Greek submarine s during the Second World War . History . " Papanikolis " , together with its sister ship , , formed the first class of Greek submarines ordered after the First World War . She was built at the Chantiers de la Loire shipyards between 1925 – 27 , and commissioned into the Hellenic Navy on 21 December 1927 . Its first captain was Cdr P . Vandoros . Despite her age and mechanical problems , she participated in the 1940 - 41 Greco - Italian War under the command of Lieutenant Commander Miltiadis Iatridis , carrying out six war patrols in the Adriatic . During one of these , on 22 December 1940 , she sank the small Italian motor ship " Antonietta " , and , on the very next day , the 3 , 952 - ton troop carrier " Firenze " near Sazan Island . After the German invasion of April 1941 , together with the rest of the fleet , " Papanikolis " fled to the Middle East , from where she would operate during the next years , carrying out nine war patrols in total . Under the command of Commander Athanasios Spanidis , the former captain of " Katsonis " , she participated in two patrols in the Aegean Sea in 1942 . During the first , in June 1942 , she sank six small sailing vessels between 11 and 14 June , and proceeded to disembark SOE agents in Crete and receive a team of 15 New Zealand commandos . During the next patrol , from 31 August to 15 September , she unsuccessfully attacked a 8 , 000 - ton oil carrier , and disembarked two mixed British - Greek commando teams at Rhodes , which succeeded in attacking the island ' s two airfields and destroying a large number of Axis aircraft in " Operation Anglo " . Coming under the command of Lieutenant Nikolaos Roussen , the submarine went into another patrol in November , offloading men and equipment at Crete . On 30 November , " Papanikolis " successfully ambushed and sank a 8 , 000 - ton cargo vessel at the Alimnia islet , near Rhodes . On 17 January 1943 , after carrying agents and equipment to Hydra , she captured the 200 - ton sailing vessel " Agios Stefanos " and manned her with part of her crew , which sailed her to Alexandria , while the next day , she sank another 150 - ton sailer . During subsequent patrols in March and May , she sank further 4 sailers , totaling 450 tons . " Papanikolis " survived the war and returned to Greece after liberation in October 1944 . However , she was severely outdated , and was decommissioned in 1945 . The ship ' s conning tower was preserved and is on display in the Hellenic Maritime Museum at Piraeus . Tradition . Two other vessels of the Hellenic Navy have received the name " Papanikolis " : the Balao class GUPPY IIA submarine ( in service 1972 - 1992 ) and the lead ship of the new Type 214 submarine class , the " Papanikolis " ( S - 120 ) .
UR - 100 The UR - 100 ( ) was an intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM ) developed and deployed by the Soviet Union from 1966 to 1996 . УР in its designation stands for " универсальная ракета " ( " universal rocket " ) . It was known during the Cold War by the NATO reporting name SS - 11 Sego and internally by the GRAU index 8K84 . The similar designation UR - 100MR actually refers to an entirely different missile , the MR - UR - 100 Sotka ( SS - 17 Spanker ) . Description . The UR - 100 was a two - stage liquid - propellant lightweight ICBM . Initial versions carried a single warhead of 0 . 5 to 1 . 1 Mt yield , while later versions could carry three or six MIRV warheads . The missile was silo - launched . 15P784 silo design ( by KBOM , " Design Bureau of Common Machinery " , of V . P . Barmin ) was greatly simplified in comparison to earlier missiles . Facilities consisted of hardened , un - manned silos controlled by a single central command post . This was the first soviet ICBM ( 8K84M , entered service on 3 October 1971 ) equipped with missile defense countermeasure " Palma " by NII - 108 of V . Gerasimenko . Formations included : Operational history . In December 2008 Strategic rocket forces had 97 UR - 100NUTTH operational missiles .
James R . Ward James Richard Ward ( September 10 , 1921 – December 7 , 1941 ) was born in Springfield , Ohio . He enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati , Ohio , on November 25 , 1940 . After basic training , he reported on board the battleship . Biography . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , " Oklahoma " took three torpedo es soon after the attack began . She listed dangerously , and it was soon apparent that she would capsize . The order was given to abandon ship , but Seaman First Class Ward remained in a turret holding a flashlight , thus sacrificing his own life to permit other members of the crew to escape . For his heroism at that time , he posthumously received the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . For conspicuous devotion to duty , extraordinary courage and complete disregard of his life , above and beyond the call of duty , during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces on 7 December 1941 . When it was seen that the U . S . S . Oklahoma was going to capsize and the order was given to abandon ship , Ward remained in a turret holding a flashlight so the remainder of the turret crew could see to escape , thereby sacrificing his own life . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer escort , was named in honor of Seaman First Class Ward .
CovertAction Quarterly CovertAction Quarterly ( named CovertAction Information Bulletin until 1992 ) was an American publication focused on and critical of the US Central Intelligence Agency . It was founded by former CIA officer turned agency critic Philip Agee and others in 1978 . It is most famous for its " Naming Names " column which published the names of undercover CIA officers . The column ended in 1982 with the passage of the Intelligence Identities Protection Act , which made the practice of revealing the name of an undercover officer illegal under U . S . law . It ceased publication in 2005 . In 1998 , the magazine won an award from Project Censored for a story by Lawrence Soley in the Spring 1997 issue titled " Phi Beta Capitalism " , about corporate influence on universities . Another report highlighted by Project Censored was Michel Chossudovsky ' s 2000 report that the World Trade Organization was an " illegal institution " due to its agreement having been negotiated behind closed doors : " even the heads of the delegations involved in the agreement were not completely informed of the statutes it contained . " Several articles from " CovertAction Quarterly " were collected in two anthologies , " Covert Action : The Roots of Terrorism " ( ISBN 978 - 1876175849 ) and " Bioterror : Manufacturing Wars The American Way " ( ISBN 978 - 1876175641 ) , both published in 2003 .
1707th Air Transport Wing The 1707th Air Transport Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the Western Transport Air Force , Military Air Transport Service , stationed at Tinker Air Force Base , Oklahoma . It was inactivated on 8 January 1966 . With the disestablishment of MATS , the assets of the Wing were reassigned to the 443d Military Airlift Wing , Military Airlift Command . History . Established in 1951 at Palm Beach AFB , Florida when Military Air Transport Service assumed jurisdiction of the facility . Was operated as a joint Civil - Military facility with Palm Beach International Airport . Mission of 1707th ATW was training USAF personnel on operation and maintenance of MATS heavy - lift transports . Known as the " University of MATS " , training included C - 124 Globemaster II , C - 118 Liftmaster , C - 97 Stratofreighter , and C - 54 Skymaster maintenance training along with aircrew and transition pilot training . Nearly 23 , 000 airmen were trained at Palm Beach Air Force Base . The MATS Air Weather Service used Palm Beach AFB as a headquarters for hurricane research , flying the first WB - 50D Superfortress " Hurricane Hunter " aircraft from the base in 1956 . Was moved to Tinker AFB , Oklahoma due to urban encroachment and local opposition to military presence at the airport . Continued training mission , receiving the first USAF C - 141 Starlifter aircraft in 1964 and expanding training mission to include Starlifter operation and maintenance . In addition to the training mission , the 1707th ATW maintained a high state of combat readiness to airlift armed forces personnel and equipment , including evacuations in the event of national emergencies . Discontinued on 8 January 1966 along with MATS , equipment and personnel reassigned to MAC 443d MAW same date .
464th Fighter Squadron The 464th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 507th Fighter Group , based at Yontan Airfield , Okinawa . It was inactivated on 27 May 1946 . History . Established in late 1944 at Peterson Field , Colorado . Trained under XXII Bomber Command as a Very Long Range P - 47N Thunderbolt bomber escort squadron , programmed for B - 29 escort duty from Okinawa . Training delayed due to P - 47N aircraft non - availability , finally equipped in the late spring of 1945 with the long - distance fighters . Deployed to Okinawa in June 1945 as part of the 507th Fighter Group and prepared for the invasion of Japan along with the 413th and 414th Fighter Groups , all equipped with P - 47N . The squadron flew some long distance fighter - bomber sweeps over Japanese Home Islands 1 July 1945 – 14 August 1945 but never performed operational B - 29 escort missions due to the end of the war in August . Last " Ace in a Day " of W . W . II was 1st LT Oscar Perdomo of the 464th . Remained in Okinawa until inactivated in May 1946 . On 28 May 1946 , the unit was redesigned as the 199th Fighter Squadron and allocated to the Hawaii Air National Guard .
Helmut Dörner Helmut Dörner ( 26 June 1909 in Mönchengladbach – 11 February 1945 in Budapest ) was a highly decorated German Waffen - SS officer . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Helmut was one of the heroes of the 1941 / 42 Winter war , in the same category as August Dieckmann , Otto Baum , Georg Bochmann , Hinrich Schuldt , Otto Kumm , Wilhelm Bittrich and Hermann Fegelein . Career . Born in 1909 , Dörner soon reminded his superiors of his true potential , winning both Iron Crosses in the Battle of France as a company commander . Promoted to " Major " and commander of II . / Polizei - Schützen - Regiment 2 , he and his battalion soon established a reputation within the Army Group North as a crack unit . During one of the numerous combat patrols the battalion managed to smash the Russian frontline and destroy 53 bunkers in 3 hours with minimal losses . The first recognition of his achievements came in December 1941 when he received the German Cross in Gold . In early 1942 Army Group North sent the battalion to Wolchow to counter the Russian breakthrough there ( 2nd Army - Andrey Vlasov ) . Deceiving Russians of his real strength by constant attacks he managed to stop the breakthrough of Wlassow ' s 2nd Army and thus helped considerably in its encirclement and destruction . Dörner stayed with the Polizei division ( from 1943 named KG Polizei division ) until late 1943 . After some earned holidays he returned to the division which was reforming in Greece and becoming the commander of SS - Pz . Gren . Rgt . 8 . When Karl Schümers ( divisional commander ) was killed in a partisan ambush , Helmut took over the command until the arrival of the new commander . In September 1944 the division , now known as 4 . SS - Polizei Panzergrenadier Division , was sent to Rumania and Hungary in order to slow the Russian offensive . Dörner again proved his worth , especially at the Szolnok bridgehead . During this attack a Tiger battalion was sent to reinforce the unit . During the siege of Budapest , he became the commander of a mixed KG and died while leading the breakthrough attempt .
HMCS Saskatchewan ( DDE 262 ) HMCS " Saskatchewan " ( DDE 262 ) was a that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and later the Canadian Forces . She is the second Canadian naval unit to bear the name . " Saskatchewan " was laid down on 28 October 1959 at Victoria Machinery Depot Ltd . , Victoria and launched on 1 February 1961 . In September 1961 she was moved to Yarrows Shipyard for completion . She was commissioned into the RCN on 16 February 1963 . " Saskatchewan " served her entire career with the RCN ' s Pacific Fleet and later the CF ' s Maritime Forces Pacific ( MARPAC ) , largely as a training ship . She underwent the Destroyer Life Extension Project ( DELEX ) in 1984 and was paid off by Maritime Command on 28 March 1994 . " Saskatchewan " ' s hulk was purchased by the Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia in 1997 and she was scuttled off Nanaimo on 14 June 1997 .
USS Ramapo ( AO - 12 ) USS " Ramapo " ( AO - 12 ) , a , built under U . S . Shipping Board contract , was laid down on 16 January 1919 by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co . , Newport News , Virginia ; launched on 11 September 1919 ; and commissioned on 15 November 1919 , Lt . Comdr . J . D . Smith , USNRF , in command . Service history . Assigned to Caribbean shuttle runs after commissioning , " Ramapo " carried petroleum products from Port Arthur , Texas , to Guantanamo Bay and the Canal Zone until April 1920 . Then she extended her range and through 1921 delivered fuel to ships and bases on the gulf and east coasts and in European waters . Transferred to the Pacific in 1922 , " Ramapo " carried oil to ships and stations of the Pacific Fleet and made occasional trips to the Canal Zone and to the east coast until mid - 1928 , when she began to supply the Asiatic Fleet on a regular schedule . Beginning on 21 June , she carried oil from San Pedro to the Philippines and China and , for the next nine years , averaged four round - trips annually . En route she performed collateral duties as a survey ship and collected data in central and western Pacific island groups for the Hydrographic Office . On 7 February 1933 , while in the Pacific Northwest , the ship encountered the tallest rogue wave ever recorded , measuring in height . In late 1937 , " Ramapo " briefly interrupted her transpacific runs to discharge oil to ships and stations in the Aleutians , then resumed runs to the Orient , continuing them until the spring of 1941 when she was shifted to Hawaiian shuttle service . At Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked on 7 December , the tanker returned to San Pedro and made two round - trips to Bora Bora before resuming Alaskan shuttle runs . Arriving at Kodiak on 29 July 1942 on her first such run since 1937 , she plied between Port Townsend and various mainland and Aleutian stations throughout World War II , completing her last run at Seattle on 23 September 1945 . On the 27th , she steamed south and on the 30th reported at San Francisco for inactivation . Decommissioned on 10 January 1946 , " Ramapo " was struck from the list on 21 January and transferred to the Maritime Commission on 1 July . The " Ramapo " is credited with the rescue of the entire crew of the on 27 December 1942 . " Wasmuth " was escorting a convoy through a heavy Alaskan storm when two depth charges were wrenched from their tracks by the pounding sea , fell over the side , and exploded beneath the ship ' s fantail . The blasts carried away part of the ship ' s stern and the ship began to founder ; in the gale , the pumps could not make headway against the inexorably rising water below . Despite the heavy sea , " Ramapo " came alongside the foundering " Wasmuth " . For three and a half hours , the tanker remained with the sinking high - speed minesweeper , battling the waves while successfully transferring her crew and two passengers . " Ramapo " received one battle star for World War II service .
Sanada Yukitaka Under Takeda Shingen , Sanada Yukitaka participated in the Battle of Odaihara in 1546 and the sieges of Toishi in 1550 and 1551 , and was one of three generals to be named " Danjōchū " by Shingen . He was the father of Sanada Nobutsuna and Sanada Masayuki and grandfather of the legendary samurai warrior Sanada Yukimura of whom Toyotomi Hideyoshi once said " A hero appears once every hundred years " .
Canon de 6 système An XI The Canon de 6 système An XI was a French cannon and part of the Year XI system system of artillery . It was part of the field artillery , and complemented the Gribeauval system . The canon de 6 système An XI was used extensively during the Napoleonic wars . It was considered as a good intermediate between the Canon de 8 Gribeauval , considered to be too heavy for field artillery , and the Canon de 4 Gribeauval , considered as too light and lacking striking power . One of the characteristics of the Canon de 6 is that its design is even simpler than that of the Gribeauval cannons , as it lacks reinforcing mould rings , except for the one before the muzzle .