naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Asal Uttar The Battle of Asal Uttar ( Punjabi and Hindi for " Battle of Definitive Reply " or more appropriately " Fitting Response " ) was one of the largest tank battles fought during the Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 . It was fought from September 8 through September 10 , 1965 , when the Pakistan Army thrust its tank s and infantry into Indian territory , capturing the Indian town of Khem Karan 5 km from the International Border . The Indian troops retaliated , and after three days of bitter fighting , the battle ended with the Pakistani forces being repulsed near Asal Uttar . Factors that contributed to this were the conditions of the plains , better Indian tactics and a successful Indian strategy . War historians , including Dr . Philip Towle , regard the Indian resistance near Khem Karan as one of the key turning points of the war , one which tilted the balance of the war in favor of India . Peter Wilson states that the defeat of Pakistan Army in the battle of Asal Uttar was one of the greatest defeats suffered by Pakistan forces in the course of Indo - Pakistan war of 1965 . Battle . Pakistan ' s invading force , consisting of the 1st Armoured Division and 11th Infantry Division , crossed the International Border and captured the Indian town of Khem Karan . After the seizure , the Indian Army regrouped and launched a counterattack . Indian troops flooded the area , which slowed the advance of the Pakistani tanks down and successfully brought them inside a horse - shoe formation , a trap where the advancing Pakistani troops were ambushed and repelled . 100 Pakistani tanks were either destroyed or captured while the Indians , by their account , lost only 10 tanks during this offensive . Conclusion . Despite the initial thrust of the Pakistani Army into Indian territory , the battle ended in a decisive Indian victory . The commander of Pakistani forces Maj . Gen . Nasir Ahmed Khan himself was fatally hit in the battle . According to military historian Steven Zaloga , Pakistan admitted that it lost 165 tanks during the 1965 war , more than half of which were knocked out during the " debacle " of Asal Uttar . Pervez Musharraf , later Army Chief of Staff and President of Pakistan , participated in this battle as a lieutenant of artillery in the 16 ( SP ) Field Regiment , 1st Armoured Division Artillery . The battle also witnessed the personal bravery of an Indian soldier , Abdul Hamid , who was honoured with the Param Vir Chakra , India ' s highest military award , for knocking out seven enemy tanks with a recoilless gun . This battle led to the creation of Patton Nagar ( or " Patton City " ) at the site of the battle . This is because a large number of Patton tanks fielded by the Pakistani forces were either captured or destroyed at the scene .
Second Athenian Empire The Second Athenian Empire or Confederacy was a maritime confederation of Aegean city - states from 378 – 355 BC and headed by Athens , primarily for self - defense against the growth of Sparta and secondly , the Persian Empire . Origins . The formation of the confederacy was stimulated by the invasion of Attica by Sphodrias of Sparta and Sparta ' s refusal to prosecute him for his actions ( according to Xenophon and Diodorus Siculus ) . It was extremely popular at first , with a number of states previously controlled by Sparta signing up as members due to Sparta ' s increasing imperialism over the Decree of Aristoteles . An inscribed " prospectus " for the league was found at Athens ( Inscriptions Greques 2 , 43 , also known as the Aristoteles decree ) dating to 377 BC , detailing the aims of the new league . The intention was to ensure that Sparta would allow all the Greeks to be autonomous ; the states involved were all to have autonomy ; and Athens was not permitted to own land in any of the states who were members , or to inflict upon them a garrison or a cleruchy ; each member could also choose their own constitution , not necessarily a democracy . This ' prospectus ' appears to try to promise that this league would not turn out the same way as the earlier , 5th century BC Delian League which had been unpopular in many quarters as Athens ' behaviour was heavy handed at times particularly towards those states which had rebelled or showed signs of wanting to rebel . Running of the League . The League had a synedrion at Athens , within which each of the league ' s members were to be autonomous and have one vote each . Along with Athens this was a bicameral system and it is thought that Athens could not make any decisions without the agreement of the synedrion . There were to be no tributes as there had been in the 5th century Delian League , but there were " contributions " , syntaxeis to be paid , these were probably not required every year but might have been requested during times of crisis . Rise of Thebes . Sparta ' s interference and invasion of Thebes in 382 BC gave the latter a very good reason to join the league . However her behaviour within the league became difficult and Athens started to realise that Thebes was not necessarily to be trusted . For example , Thebes destroyed Plataea in 372 BC , which had only recently been refounded . Athens started to think about negotiating peace with Sparta ; it was while Athens was discussing this with Sparta that Thebes defeated the Spartan army conclusively at Battle of Leuctra ( 371 BC ) . Later history . After Sparta ' s defeat in 371 BC by Thebes , the original terms set out in the prospectus had been achieved , yet Athens did not want to give up her power over these states . A series of revolts ending with the Social War ( 357 - 355 BC ) and the revolts of several of Athens ' major allies finally put an end to the confederacy .
Robert F . Sargent Robert F . Sargent was a Chief Photographer ' s Mate in the United States Coast Guard . He is best known for " Into the Jaws of Death " , a photograph he took of troops of Company E , 16th Infantry , 1st Infantry Division landing on Omaha Beach from a Coast Guard landing craft ( from the U . S . Coast Guard - manned ) on D - Day .
USS Interceptor ( AGR - 8 ) USS " Interceptor " ( AGR - 8 / YAGR - 8 ) was a " Guardian " - class radar picket ship acquired by the U . S . Navy in 1955 from the “ mothballed ” reserve fleet . She was reconfigured as a radar picket ship and assigned to radar picket duty in the North Pacific Ocean as part of the Distant Early Warning Line . Liberty ship built in Florida . " Intercepter " ( YAGR - 8 ) was launched as Liberty Ship " Edward W , Burton " by J . A . Jones Construction Co . , Inc . , Panama City , Florida , 12 September 1945 ; sponsored by Miss Juanita M . Kaylor ; and delivered to T . . J . Stevenson & Co . 8 November 1945 . She served several lines as a cargo ship until being placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Wilmington , North Carolina , 20 June 1948 . Acquired by the Navy 28 June 1955 , the ship was converted to Navy use at Charleston Naval Shipyard and commissioned " Interceptor " 15 February 1956 , Lieutenant Commander ( LCDR ) Boyd Lorenzo Hall in command . Boyd L . Hall Radar picket duty . " Interceptor " was designed to carry the latest in long - range radar and communications equipment and to act as an ocean radar station ship . Following shakedown training she sailed from Charleston , South Carolina , 17 March en route to her new home port , San Francisco , California . Arriving via the Panama Canal 11 April , the ship began a regular cycle of 3 - to 4 - week at - sea periods as a picket ship under the Continental Air Defense Command . Operating with search aircraft , " Interceptor " could detect , track , and report aircraft at great distances as well as control interceptor aircraft in the event of an air attack on the United States . Patrolling off the coast of Canada she formed an integral part of North America ' s air early warning system . Reclassified " AGR - 8 " , radar picket ship , 28 September 1958 , " Interceptor " for the next 7 years operated with NORAD in forming an important link in the nation ' s defenses . Decommissioning . " Interceptor " was struck from the Navy List 1 September 1965 and placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay , California , where she remained until sold for scrapping , 16 February 1978 .
10th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry The 10th Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 10th Kentucky Cavalry was organized at Covington , Lexington , and Crab Orchard , Kentucky from September 8 through November 11 , 1862 . It mustered in for one year under the command of Colonel Joshua Tevis . The regiment was attached to Cavalry , 1st Division , Army of Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to November 1862 . Unattached , Army of Kentucky , November 1862 . District of Central Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to April 1863 . 2nd Brigade , District Central Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to June 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 4th Division , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to July 1863 . 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , XXIII Corps , to August 1863 . Mt . Sterling , Kentucky , 1st Division , XXIII Corps , to September 1863 . ( 2nd Battalion attached to District of Eastern Kentucky to June 1863 . 1st Brigade , 4th Division , XXIII Corps , to August 1863 . ) The 10th Kentucky Cavalry mustered out of service on September 17 , 1863 . Detailed service . Duty about Mt . Sterling , Ky . , and in the District of Central Kentucky , scouting and operating against guerrillas and protecting that part of the State , until September 1863 . Skirmish near Florence , Ky . , September 8 , 1862 . Expedition to eastern Tennessee December 24 , 1862 to January 1 , 1863 . Parker ' s Mills , on Elk Fork , December 28 , 1862 . Operations against Cluke ' s forces February 18 - March 5 , 1863 . Coomb ' s Ferry February 22 . Slate Creek , near Mt . Sterling , and Stoner ' s Bridge , February 24 . Slate Creek , near Mt . Sterling , March 2 . Operations against Pegram March 22 - April 1 . Mt . Sterling March 22 . Operations against Everett ' s Raid in eastern Kentucky June 13 – 23 . Triplett ' s Bridge , Flemming County , June 16 . Operations against Scott ' s forces July 25 - August 6 . Richmond July 28 . Lancaster and Paint Creek Bridge July 31 - August 1 . Smith ' s Shoals , Cumberland River , August 1 . Duty at Mt . Sterling until September . ( 2nd Battalion served detached in District of Eastern Kentucky . Expedition from Beaver Creek into Southwest Virginia July 3 – 11 , 1863 . Gladesville , Va . , July 7 . ) Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 75 men during service ; 13 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 1 officer and 61 enlisted men died of disease . Private Levi Ishmael , Company C . Grandson of Benjamin Ishmael , patriarch of the " Ben Ishmael Tribe " aka " The Worst Family in America "
Serrate radar detector Serrate was an Allied radar detection and homing device , used in Allied nightfighter s to track German night fighter s equipped with the earlier UHF - band " BC " and " C - 1 " versions of the Lichtenstein radar during World War II . No . 141 Squadron RAF , commanded by Wing Commander J . R . " Bob " Braham and flying the Bristol Beaufighter , commenced operations over Germany in support of the Bomber Offensive from 14 June to 7 September 1943 . 179 operational sorties yielded 14 claimed fighters shot down , for 3 losses . The technique developed was for the RAF nightfighter s to fly slowly off the bomber stream , mimicking the characteristics of a heavy bomber , until the rearward - facing Serrate detector picked up the emissions from a " Luftwaffe " night fighter approaching . The Radar Operator would then pass directions to the pilot until the fighter was 6 , 000 feet behind , at which point the Beaufighter would execute a swift turn onto the tail of the German night fighter , pick up the enemy aircraft on his forward radar and attempt to down it . Serrate was also subsequently fitted to de Havilland Mosquito nightfighters . No . 141 Squadron transferred to No . 100 Group Bomber Command in late 1943 and during the Battle of Berlin on the night of 16 / 17 December , a Mosquito crewed by Squadron Leader F . F . Lambert and Flying Officer K . Dear made Bomber Command ' s first successful Serrate - guided operational sortie when they damaged a Bf 110 with cannon fire . The Serrate night fighter offensive preceded far greater and wide - ranging support operations by the specialist 100 Group during 1944 - 45 .
George W . Biegler George Wesley Biegler ( May 31 , 1869 – April 2 , 1929 ) was a United States Army Captain who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine – American War on October 21 , 1900 . Biography . George Biegler was born May 31 , 1868 in Terre Haute , Indiana and also entered the United States Army from the same location . He was serving as a Captain with the 28th Infantry ( U . S . Volunteers ) near Loac , Luzon , Philippines on October 21 , 1900 , the date of his Medal of Honor action . His citation was issued on March 11 , 1902 . However , some accounts indicate that the award was not presented to Biegler until October 17 , 1927 by then - Secretary of War Dwight F . Davis . Biegler also served on the Mexican border in the search for Pancho Villa and in World War I and eventually obtaining the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . Biegler died at Letterman Hospital in San Francisco , California and was buried in Hollywood , California . His funeral service was held on April 7 , 1929 at the post Chapel at the Presidio of San Francisco . His grave can be found in Section 6 , Lot 170 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Captain , 28th Infantry , U . S . Volunteers . Place and Date : Near Loac , Luzon , Philippine Islands , October 21 , 1900 . Entered Service At : Terre Haute , Ind . Birth : Terre Haute , Ind . Date of Issue : March 11 , 1902 . Citation : With but 19 men resisted and at close quarters defeated 300 of the enemy .
691st Intelligence , Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group The United States Air Force ' s 691st Intelligence , Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group ( 691 ISRG ) is an intelligence unit located at RAF Menwith Hill , United Kingdom . Mission . The mission of the 691 ISR Group is to execute operations providing intelligence , surveillance and reconnaissance to national decision makers , while providing planning , programming , logistics , and systems engineering expertise to execute cryptologic missions , in addition to promoting community relations and public affairs initiatives within a multinational and multi - service environment .
National Firearms Museum The National Firearms Museum is a museum focused on the evolution of firearms throughout the years and the history of firearms in America . The present location is 11250 Waples Mill Road , Fairfax , Virginia . The museum is owned and operated by the National Rifle Association , and the museum ' s mission is to promote gun collecting , and the preservation of the heritage of firearms . The museum is open every day of the week 9 : 30 a . m . to 5 p . m . and admission is free . The museum was originally located in Washington , D . C . from 1935 , but opened its new facility in May 1998 . In 2010 , the Robert E . Petersen Gallery opened , featuring exceptional engraved sporting firearms and a Gatling gun collection . A special Hollywood guns display features 120 firearms actually used in movies and TV shows , from the first revolver John Wayne used in a credited film role , through guns from recent academy award winners such as " The Dark Knight " , " The Hurt Locker " , and " No Country for Old Men " . The museum ' s collections include shotguns , rifles , muskets , pistols , revolvers , machine guns and cannons with 3 , 000 guns on display . The themed galleries follow a timeline of firearms usage and evolution . Military , sporting , competition , hunting , defense , and recreational guns are displayed . Galleries and specific firearms of note include :
USS Ira Jeffery ( DE - 63 ) USS " Ira Jeffery " ( DE - 63 / APD - 44 ) , a of the United States Navy , was named in honor of Ensign Ira Well Jeffery ( 1918 - 1941 ) who was killed in action during the Japan ese attack on the Hawaiian Islands while serving aboard the battleship . " Ira Jeffery " was laid down as " Jeffery " on 13 February 1943 by Bethlehem - Hingham Shipyard , Inc . , Hingham , Massachusetts ; launched on 15 May 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . D . C . Jeffery , mother of Ensign Jeffery , renamed " Ira Jeffery " on 29 July 1943 ; and commissioned on 15 August 1943 , Lt . Comdr . R . A . Fitch in command . Service history . " Ira Jeffery " conducted shakedown training off Bermuda and in Casco Bay , Maine , before returning to Naval Torpedo Station , Quonset , Rhode Island , for experiments with noise - makers designed to counter the German acoustic torpedo . She then moved to New York and departed on 5 November 1943 with her first Atlantic convoy . During the next year , she sailed with seven Atlantic troop convoys , seeing each safely to staging points in Northern Ireland or Great Britain . After her return to Charleston on 22 October 1944 , " Ira Jeffery " joined a large convoy of cranes , powerplants , and tugs bound for the invasion ports of Europe . On the return crossing , 20 December 1944 , the escort ' s convoy was attacked by the U - boat . After sinking an LST and damaging destroyer escort , the submarine was driven off . " Ira Jeffery " assisted the damaged ship and eventually escorted her through rough seas to the Azores . Returning to the United States on 1 February 1945 , the ship spent two weeks working with experimental mines in Chesapeake Bay . She entered the New York Naval Shipyard on 15 February for conversion to a " Charles Lawrence " - class high speed transport . After the installation of troop quarters and extensive alterations she emerged in May 1945 as APD - 44 ( officially reclassified on 23 February 1945 ) and departed on 12 May for shakedown in Chesapeake Bay . " Ira Jeffery " then sailed on 25 May with aircraft carrier for the Panama Canal and Pearl Harbor , where she arrived on 18 June 1945 . After training in Hawaiian waters , the ship returned to San Diego on 23 July and began training with Underwater Demolition Team s . She sailed on 16 August , the day after the war ' s end for the forward areas , stopping at Eniwetok , Ulithi , and Manila . After demolition exercises in Lingayen Gulf , she sailed to Wakayama , Japan , where underwater demolition teams reconnoitered beaches prior to American occupation landings . After the successful operation , " Ira Jeffery " sailed for the United States , arriving San Diego on 20 November 1945 . The ship sailed via the Panama Canal for the East Coast and , after her arrival Philadelphia on 8 December , underwent repairs . " Ira Jeffery " then sailed to Jacksonville , Florida , and decommissioned at Green Cove Springs on 18 June 1946 . She entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet and remained there until struck from the Navy List on 1 June 1960 . She was sunk during tests in July 1962 .
Groom Lake Groom Lake is a salt flat in Nevada used for runways of the Nellis Bombing Range Test Site airport ( KXTA ) on the north of the Area 51 USAF military installation . The lake at elevation is approximately from north to south and from east to west at its widest point . Located within the namesake Groom Lake Valley portion of the Tonopah Basin , the lake is south of Rachel , Nevada . History . Lead and silver were discovered in the southern part of the Groom Range in 1864 , and the English " Groome Lead Mines Limited " company financed the Conception Mines in the 1870s , giving the district its name ( nearby mines included Maria , Willow and White Lake ) . Also , the historical town of Rosswell was located here until evacuation of the US Military . The interests in Groom were acquired by J . B . Osborne and partners and patented in 1876 , and his son acquired the interests in the 1890s . Claims were incorporated as two 1916 companies with mining continuing until 1918 and resuming after World War II until the early 1950s .
Wedell - Williams XP - 34 The Wedell - Williams XP - 34 was a fighter aircraft design submitted to the United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) before World War II by Marguerite Clark Williams , widow of millionaire Harry P . Williams , former owner and co - founder of the Wedell - Williams Air Service Corporation . Design and development . Derived from an original proposal made in 1932 , the XP - 34 was based on a design by air racer Jimmy Wedell , who was considered , " one of the most noted race plane designers of its day " . The aircraft was a direct result of the development of Wedell ' s most successful designs , the Model 44 and Model 45 . The forward fuselage was intended to be metal , the after part and control surfaces covered in fabric . The interest expressed from the USAAC was based on the success of the private racing aircraft in the 1930s that were reaching 300 mph speeds in competition , a performance level not achieved by standard aircraft types in service in the U . S . military . On 1 October 1935 , the USAAC ordered a full set of drawings and issued the XP - 34 designation . It soon became apparent , however , with its original 700 hp ( 522 kW ) Pratt & Whitney R1535 Twin Wasp engine , the anticipated performance of the XP - 34 would be insufficient compared to designs already in production . Wedell - Williams suggested substituting the 900 hp ( 671 kW ) XR - 1830 instead . Although the promise of high speed was still there , other considerations such as the complete redesign of the airframe to accommodate a heavier and more powerful engine were considered impractical with the new design subsequently rejected by the Air Corps before any aircraft were built .
USS LST - 713 USS " LST - 713 " was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . The ship was laid down on 3 June 1944 at the Jefferson Boat & Machine Company in Jeffersonville , Indiana ; she was launched on 11 July 1944 and commissioned on 7 August 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 713 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific Theater . She participated in two operations : the Battle of Iwo Jima in February 1945 , and the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto , which took place from April to June 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 713 " performed occupation duty in the Far East until February 1946 . She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 20 June 1946 , and struck from the Navy List on 31 July that same year . On 21 May 1948 , the ship was sold to the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , and subsequently scrapped . Awards . USS " LST - 713 " earned two battle star s for World War II service .