naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dalmatia ( Roman province ) Dalmatia was an ancient Roman province . Its name is probably derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae which lived in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast in Classical antiquity . It encompassed much of today ' s Albania , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Serbia etc , an area significantly larger than the current region of Dalmatia . History . The region was the northern part of the Illyrian kingdom between the 4th century BC until the Illyrian Wars in the 220s BC and 168 BC when the Roman Republic established its protectorate south of the river Neretva . The area north of the Neretva was slowly incorporated into Roman possessions until the province of Illyricum was formally established c . 32 - 27 BC . The Dalmatia region then became part of the Roman province of Illyricum . Between 6 and 9 AD the Dalmatians raised the last in a series of revolts together with the Pannonians , but the rebellion was finally crushed , and in 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces , Pannonia and Dalmatia . The province of Dalmatia spread inland to cover all of the Dinaric Alps and most of the eastern Adriatic coast . Dalmatia was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Diocletian , who , upon retirement from Emperor , built Diocletian ' s Palace near Salona in today ' s Croatia . German historian Theodore Mommsen wrote ( in his " The Provinces of the Roman Empire " ) that all Dalmatia was fully romanized and Latin speaking by the 4th century . French archaeologist Bernard Bavant agrees with this . Croatian historian Aleksandar Stipčević writes that analysis of archaeological material from that period has shown that the process of romanization was rather selective . While urban centers , both coastal and inland , were almost completely romanized , the situation in the countryside was completely different . Despite the Illyrians being subject to a strong process of acculturation , they continued to speak their native language , worship their own gods and traditions , and follow their own social - political tribal organization which was adapted to Roman administration and political structure only in some necessities . Aftermath . After the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 , with the beginning of the Migration Period , the region was ruled by the Goths up to 535 , when Justinian I added the territory to the Byzantine Empire . Later , the Byzantines formed the Theme of Dalmatia in the same territory . Legacy . The first modern account of Roman Dalmatia in English was J . J . Wilkes , " Dalmatia " ( Harvard University Press ) 1969 . Wilkes surveys Illyricum and Dalmatia , in its Romanized aspects , to the end of Antiquity , based primarily on the evidence of inscriptions and the ancient historians .
Siege of Privas The Siege of Privas was undertaken by Louis XIII of France from 14 May 1629 , and the city of Privas was captured on 28 May 1629 . It was one of the last events of the Huguenot rebellions ( 1621 - 1629 ) . Context . The Siege of Privas followed the disastrous capitulation of the main Protestant stronghold of La Rochelle . Louis XIII then moved to eliminate the remaining Huguenot resistance in the south of France . With Alès and Anduze , the city of Privas was at the center of a string of Protestant strongholds in the Languedoc , stretching from Nîmes and Uzes in the east , to Castres and Montauban in the west . Privas was selected by Antoine Hercule de Budos , marquis des Portes ( 1589 - 1629 ) , as a strategic target ; capturing it would break a line of Huguenot defences and disconnect their main centers of Nîmes and Montauban . The city was defended by Alexander du Puy , a leading Protestant from Montbrun - les - Bains in the Dauphiné , already active in Montauban ( 1621 ) . The siege . Privas was captured on 28 May 1629 after a siege of 15 days , at which Louis XIII was present . 500 to 600 Huguenot men who had barricaded themselves in a fort surrendered , but some attempted to blow up themselves with Royal troops , leading to a massacre . The city was destroyed by looting and burning . In a letter to the Queen , Richelieu reported the destruction in wording that minimized active responsibility on the part of royal Catholic forces : One girl who escaped the massacre was adopted by Richelieu , and was nicknamed " La Fortunée de Privas " . The Marquis des Portes was killed in the siege . Aftermath . After Privas , Alès soon fell in the Siege of Alès in June 1629 . The remaining Huguenot cities rapidly fell too , and finally Montauban surrendered after a short siege led by Bassompierre . These last sieges of the Huguenot rebellion were followed by the Peace of Alès ( 27 September 1629 ) , which settled the revolt by guaranteeing the practice of the Huguenot religion and judicial protection , but requiring Huguenot strongholds as well as political assemblies to be dismantled . In 1640 , Richelieu commissioned painter Nicolas Prévost to paint the siege , based on the engraving by Abraham Bosse . The painting is now located at the Château de Richelieu .
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 5 Launch Complex 5 ( LC - 5 ) was a launch site at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida used for various Redstone and Jupiter launches . It is most well known as the launch site for NASA ' s 1961 suborbital Mercury - Redstone 3 flight , which made Alan Shepard the first American in space . It was also the launch site of Gus Grissom ’ s Mercury - Redstone 4 flight . The Mercury - Redstone 1 pad abort , Mercury - Redstone 1A , and Mercury - Redstone 2 , with chimpanzee Ham aboard , also used LC - 5 . A total of 23 launches were conducted from LC - 5 : one Jupiter - A , six Jupiter IRBM s , one Jupiter - C , four Juno I s , four Juno II s and seven Redstones . The first launch from the complex was a Jupiter - A on July 19 , 1956 and the final launch was Gus Grissom ' s " Liberty Bell 7 " capsule on July 21 , 1961 . LC - 5 is located next to the Air Force Space & Missile Museum . The original consoles used to launch the Mercury - Redstone rockets are on display in the blockhouse . a tour of the blockhouse ( and the museum ) can be arranged through the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex ' s " Cape Canaveral : Then and Now " tour . One tour is offered daily , so the number of visitors is limited by the size of the tour .
XXVIII Army Corps ( Germany ) The XXVIII Army Corps ( German designation XXVIII . " Armeekorps " ) was a German corps which served in the Wehrmacht during World War II . The corps was created on May 20 , 1940 in " Wehrkreis " ( Military Region ) III . During the war , the corps was subordinated to the German 6th , 16th , 18th , and 3rd Panzer Armies . In 1945 , the corps was briefly named " Armeeabteilung Samland " ( Corps Task Force Samland ) . The corps fought in Samland until annihilated in late April 1945 . Following is the organization of the corps when it was part of the Eighteenth Army of Army Group North early in 1944 :
Oyneg Shabbos Oyneg Shabbos ( Ashkenazic pronunciation ; in Modern Israeli Hebrew : Oneg Shabbat , עונג שבת ) was the code name of a documentary group led by Jewish historian Dr . Emanuel Ringelblum in the Warsaw Ghetto during the Nazi - German occupation of Warsaw in World War II from 1939 to 1942 . The group , which included historians , writers , rabbis and social workers , was dedicated to chronicling life in the Ghetto . They worked as a team , collecting documents and soliciting testimonies and reports from dozens of volunteers of all ages . The materials submitted included essays , diaries , drawings , wall posters , and other materials describing life in the Ghetto . The collection work started in September 1939 and ended in January 1943 . Today the discovered part of collection , which contains about 6000 documents ( about 30 000 individual pieces of paper ) , is referred as " Ringelblum Archive " is archived at the Jewish Historical Institute , Warsaw . Etymology . The name Oneg Shabbat means " joy of the Sabbath " in Hebrew and usually refers to a celebratory gathering held after Sabbath services , often with food , singing , study , discussion , and socializing . This name was selected because the group tended to meet on Saturdays to discuss the progress of their collection and documentation efforts . History . The members of Oyneg Shabbos initially collected the material with the intention that they would write a book after the war about the horrors they had witnessed . As the pace of deportations increased , and it became clear that the destination was the Treblinka death camp and few of Warsaw ' s Jews were likely to survive , Ringelblum had the archives stored in 3 milk cans and ten metal boxes , which were then buried in three separate locations in the Ghetto . Two of the canisters , containing thousands of documents , were unearthed on 18 September 1946 and a further ten boxes on 1 December 1950 . The third cache has yet to be uncovered , but is rumored to be buried beneath what is now the Chinese Embassy in Warsaw . However , a search attempt in 2005 failed to locate the missing archival material . On January 19 , 1942 , an escaped inmate from the Chelmno extermination camp , Jacob Grojanowski , reached the Warsaw Ghetto , where he gave detailed information about the camp to the Oneg Shabbat group . His report , which became known as the " Grojanowski Report " , was smuggled out of the ghetto through the channels of the Polish underground , reached London and was published by June . . Most all of the members of the Oyneg Shabbos were killed in the Holocaust . Emanuel Ringelblum did escape the Warsaw Ghetto , but continued to return to work on the archives and was eventually killed . Legacy . In 2007 , historian Samuel Kassow published " Who Will Write Our History ? Emanuel Ringelblum , the Warsaw Ghetto , and the Oyneg Shabbes Archive . " The publication accounts the Oyneg Shabes archives that have been found .
Peter Brown ( VC ) Peter Brown ( 1837 – 10 September 1894 ) was a Swedish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . The full story of how Peter Brown earned the Victoria Cross for his role in the attack on Moorosi ' s Mountain in 1879 is told in " Moorosi : A South African king ' s battle for survival " by Graham Fysh . Brown was approximately 42 years old , and a Trooper in the Cape Mounted Riflemen , Cape Colonial Forces during the Basuto War when , on 8 April 1879 during the assault on Morosi ' s Mountain , South Africa , Trooper Brown spent all day carrying water to his wounded comrades who were lying under rocks where they had taken shelter . He did this within 200 yards of the enemy who were firing from redoubts up the sides of the mountain and he was severely wounded during the day , his forearm was shattered and he was also hit in the leg . Nevertheless , he did not cease his efforts until his water bottle was shot through and became useless . The published citation read : Death . He died at his home in Cape Town from Brights disease .
Terrance T . Etnyre Vice Admiral Terrence T . Etnyre is a flag officer of the United States Navy . Etnyre graduated from the University of Michigan in 1970 , and was commissioned an Ensign in July 1971 at Officer Candidate School , Newport , Rhode Island . His early sea and shore assignments included : Damage Control Assistant in homeported in Naples , Italy ; Repair Officer in ; Plant Performance Evaluation Officer for the AIW nuclear propulsion prototype , Idaho Falls , Idaho ; Engineer Officer , ; Member , Nuclear Propulsion Examining Board , Commander in Chief , U . S . Atlantic Fleet ; and Executive Officer in . In December 1987 , Vice Adm . Etnyre assumed command of . Under his command , " Lynde McCormick " , as a part of Surface Action Group Bravo , participated in " Operation Praying Mantis " , the United States ' response to the mining of the Persian Gulf and the mine damage to . Following command , he was assigned as Special Assistant for Nuclear Propulsion on the staffs of Commander , Naval Surface Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet and Commander , Naval Air Forces , U . S . Pacific Fleet and Senior Member of the Nuclear Propulsion Mobile Training Team . He then served in the office of the Chief of Naval Operations , Surface Warfare , as the Aegis Cruiser / Destroyer and Anti - Air Warfare Branch Head . In November 1992 , Vice Adm . Etnyre assumed command of . During this tour , " Arkansas " received two Battle Efficiency Award s and three consecutive Commander in Chief , U . S . Pacific Fleet , Golden Anchor awards for excellence in personnel retention and quality of life programs . Vice Adm . Etnyre reported in September 1995 as Executive Assistant to the Commander in Chief , U . S . Pacific Fleet . From June 1996 to June 1998 he was the Director , Plans Division in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy and Threat Reduction . He was selected for flag rank in 1998 and served as Commander , South Atlantic Force , U . S . Atlantic Fleet . Vice Adm . Etnyre served as Vice Commander , Naval Sea Systems Command until May 2001 . He served as Commander , Cruiser - Destroyer Group One from June 2001 to June 2002 . His last assignment was as Commander , Naval Surface Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet . His personal awards included the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit ( six awards ) , the Bronze Star with Combat V , the Meritorious Service Medal ( three awards ) , the Navy Commendation Medal ( two awards ) and the Navy Achievement Medal .
Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System ( LAPES ) is a tactical military airlift delivery method where a fixed wing cargo aircraft can deposit supplies when landing is not an option in an area that is too small to accurately parachute supplies from a high altitude . This method was developed by the US Military with the assistance of the 109th Quartermaster Company ( Air Drop ) in 1964 . In May 1965 , a detachment of the 109th was formed as the 383rd Quartermaster ( Aerial Supply ) Detachment and sent to Vietnam . In 1966 the 109th was sent to Vietnam and took operational control of the 383rd . Both units provided Air Drop and LAPES support during the Siege of Khe Sanh in the Vietnam War . LAPES was used to provide a method of supplying heavy loads into Khe Sanh which could not effectively be supplied by air drop . This practice was perfected at Mactan Air Base in Cebu , the Philippines . LAPES involves loading supplies on a special pallet on a plane . In preparation for a drop the cargo door and ramp of the aircraft is opened and a drogue parachute released . The aircraft descends to the drop altitude ( typically only a few metres above the ground ) . Once the drop plane reaches the desired drop point , the braking parachutes for the load are released and they are extracted from the aircraft by the drogue chute and the drop load is released ( retaining straps cut ) . The braking parachutes pull the load from the aircraft and bring it to a stop on the ground within the drop zone . The main parachutes are sized to stop the movement of the load sliding on the ground within the required space , and are not intended to control the descent of the load to the ground . Cushioning of the load is accomplished by the pallet and the material between the pallet and the load . Once the delivery is accomplished , the pilot ascends to a normal altitude and returns to base . LAPES enables planes to quickly deploy large cargo in a timely fashion instead of having to land and take off , which exposes the plane to enemy fire . The technique also allows delivery of loads that are too heavy for a direct parachute descent ( high altitude drop ) . However , the drop sequence ' s low altitude allows for no margin of pilot error and the risk of plane crash is heightened . On July 1 , 1987 during a Capabilities exercise ( CAPEX ) a USAF C - 130E ( 68 - 10945 c / n 4325 ) crashed while performing a LAPES demo at the Sicily Drop Zone , on Ft . Bragg . The pilot of the C - 130 had performed a LAPES drop with the same extreme rate of descent two days earlier during a practice run . The crash killed three on board , one soldier on the ground , and injured two crew .
USS Congress ( 1776 ) USS " Congress " was a row galley that served the Continental Navy during the American Revolution . The galley – which was rowed by oarsmen instead of using sail - had the distinction of serving the young American Navy for only a week before being scuttled after combat with the British . American Revolution service . The galley built at the direction of Brigadier General Benedict Arnold at Skenesborough , New York , in 1776 for a fleet intended to impede British advance southward on Lake Champlain . Joining Arnold ' s fleet on 6 October 1776 , " Congress " , and her crew of 80 , served as flagship during the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain , fought on 11 – 13 October of that year . During the first day ' s lengthy engagement she fought valiantly , but suffered extensive damage to her hull , mast , and yards , at the hands of the vastly superior British force . On 12 October the American Continental Fleet , hopeful of further delaying the enemy as well as escaping to Crown Point , New York , slipped through the British line under cover of darkness , only to be overtaken the following day at Split Rock . In the ensuing engagement , " Congress " was so shattered that Arnold was obliged to run her ashore and set the ship ablaze . Although more than 20 of her crew were killed and " Congress " herself was destroyed , the mission of the ship and the fleet was accomplished . The British , their advance delayed until the season was too late for land operations , withdrew to Canada . The Americans used the time thus gained to equip and train the Army which defeated the next British invasion attempt , at Saratoga , New York , on 17 October 1777 . This major victory was a most powerful factor , in influencing France to throw her might , including the large French Navy , on the side of the struggling young republic .
Steyr GB The Steyr GB is an Austrian handgun created by the Steyr - AG to replace the Walther P - 38 and the Browning Hi - Power Description . The development of the GB pistol was started by Steyr - Daimler - Puch AG ( now Steyr - Mannliher AG ) , Austria , in the early 1970s , when the Austrian army announced its plans to replace aging P38s and High Powers with the new pistol . Original design , labelled as PI - 18 , was developed in 1974 , and final version , called GB , entered production in 1981 . The production of the GB was ceased circa 1988 , after some 15 . 000 to 20 . 000 pistols had been produced . The GB is a blowback - operated , gas - retarded blowback semi auto pistol . It uses some of the hot powder gases , feed from the barrel into the front part of the slide , to slow down the retraction of the slide before the bullet leave the barrel . This scheme was developed by German engineer Barnitzke at the end of the WWII . The gas brake is formed by the barrel , its bushing and the slide . The trigger of the GB is of double action design , with the slide mounted decocker lever . GB also featured firing pin block that unlocks the firing pin only when the trigger is completely depressed . The frame and the slide is made from carbon steel with special high - strength finish . Barrel has polygonal rifling and is chrome lined , and solidly attached to the frame . The sights are fixed and featured white - dot inserts ( one in the front sight blade and two - around the rear sights notch ) . Some early GBs were manufactured with steel grip panels , with all the rest manufactured with plastic checkered grips . Thanks to its gas - retarded blowback design and solid weight , that resulted in low felt recoil , and to the barrel with polygonal rifling , that toesn ' t move when firing , the Steyr GB displayed wery good accuracy . The reliability is also adequate , at least . While the GB failed at the Austrian and U . S Army pistol trials ( won respectively by Glock 17 and Beretta 92FS - B ) , it was used by some Law Enforcement and Special Operations forces , and also was sold to civilians in Europe and USA .
Royal C . Johnson Royal Cleaves Johnson ( 3 October 1882 – 2 August 1939 ) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from South Dakota and a highly decorated veteran of World War I . He was born in Cherokee , Iowa in 1882 . He moved with his parents to Highmore , South Dakota in 1883 , and attended the public schools . He graduated from the law department of the University of South Dakota in 1906 , and was admitted to the bar that same year . He started his practice in Highmore . He became the assistant state ' s attorney for Hyde County in 1906 , and State ' s Attorney in 1908 and 1909 . In 1910 , he became the Attorney General of South Dakota . In 1913 , he moved to Aberdeen , South Dakota and returned to private practice . He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1915 , serving through the end of the Seventy - Second Congress in 1932 . He was the chairman for the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War ( 1921 – 1925 ) , and the Committee on World War Veteran ' s Legislation ( 1929 – 1932 ) . He was not a candidate for reelection in 1932 . In 1918 , even though he had on Apr . 5 , 1917 , voted against declaring war on Germany , he absented himself from the House and enlisted in the United States Army to fight in World War I . He served in the 313th Infantry as a private , Sergeant , second lieutenant , and first lieutenant . In Montfaucon , France , on the 26th and 27 September 1918 , he was involved in a combat situation wherein he repeatedly exposed himself to enemy fire and was wounded by an exploding shell . Although severely wounded , he accompanied two of his fellow soldiers to the rear and refused space in an ambulance until his comrades were cared for . For this , he received the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government . He also received the Croix de Guerre with gold star from the Republic of France . Johnson was the House sponsor of legislation to create a federal charter for the American Legion . The Senate co - sponsor was Sen . Josiah Wolcott of Delaware . The bill was filed on June 27 , 1919 , passed the House on August 27 , passed the Senate on September 5 and was signed by President Wilson on September 16 , 1919 . Upon retiring from the House , he continued to practice law in Washington , D . C . , until his death there in 1939 . He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery . In 1953 he was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Medal by the American Legion . The Veterans Administration hospital in Sioux Falls , South Dakota , The Royal C . Johnson Veterans Memorial Medical Center , is named in his honor .
Operation Fritham Operation " Fritham " was a World War II Norwegian military operation , based from British soil , that had the goal of securing the rich coal mines on the island of Spitsbergen ( a part of Svalbard ) and denying their use to Nazi Germany . The mission . On 30 April 1942 , 82 men from the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland sailed aboard the steamships " Selis " and " Isbjørn " from Greenock heading for Svalbard . On 14 May , the two ships were sunk by " Luftwaffe " Focke - Wulf Fw 200 Condor long - range patrol bombers . Twelve men were killed and 15 wounded . The operation ' s commander was Einar Sverdrup , who died on the mission . Sverdrup had been the CEO of the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani , a Norwegian coal mining company based in Svalbard . Aftermath of the air attack . The surviving soldiers managed to get to Barentsburg . The survivors were on their own until May , when they were spotted by an Allied aircraft , following which they were supplied by air - drop . On 2 July the force were re - supplied by sea , an operation code - named Gearbox . They survived isolated on Spitsbergen until reinforcements arrived . Air raid s continued against the Fritham force during this period and therefore Operation Gearbox equipped them with anti aircraft gun s .