naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Corbridge Hoard The Corbridge Hoard is a hoard of mostly iron artefacts that was excavated in 1964 within the Roman site of Coria , next to what is now Corbridge , Northumberland , England ( not to be confused with a hoard of gold coins found nearby in 1911 ) . It came from amongst the central range of administrative buildings in one of the early forts underlying the later Roman town and probably dates to between AD 122 and 138 . Contents of the hoard . The contents ( which included iron / steel , copper - alloy , lead - alloy , stone , glass , and organic items ) were buried in an iron - bound , leather - covered chest , made of alder - wood planks fitted together with dovetails at the corners . The most famous objects within were six upper and six lower half - units of ' lorica segmentata ' armour which , although mis - matched , could represent as few as three whole cuirass es , or elements of twelve partial sets . It was this discovery that enabled Charles Daniels and H . Russell Robinson to understand how this type of armour should be reconstructed . Prior to the discovery of the Hoard , " " people knew there was the segmented armour , but we didn ’ t know how it was put together or how it was made " " . The Corbridge Hoard also contained bundles of spear heads still tied together with cord ; artillery bolts ; a sword scabbard ; various tools and implements ( including a pulley - block and a crusie lamp ) ; items associated with carpentry , such as nails and joiner ' s dogs ; a small wooden bucket or tankard . There were also fragmentary remains of feathers ( possibly cushion stuffing or helmet plumes ) , wax writing tablets , and ( almost uniquely in Roman Britain ) fragments of papyrus . All of the organic components in the Hoard ( including the box itself ) had been preserved by mineralization brought about by the rust ing of its iron and steel contents . The Hoard has been variously interpreted as material hurriedly concealed from attacking barbarians ; deliberately buried in order to accumulate verdigris and rust for medicinal purposes ; or detritus from clearing out a workshop when a garrison moved on from the site ( and buried to deny the raw materials to an enemy ) . Display . Parts of the Hoard are on display at Corbridge Roman Site museum , whilst some other material from it is on display in the in Newcastle upon Tyne . From August 2012 , the Hoard is in a new display at the Corbridge Roman site . The exhibition includes a replica which will help visitors envisage how the armour once looked as well as a film showing footage never before shown in public of the excavation of the hoard as it was dug up from the trench in 1964 .
Avchitgad Avchitgad is a fort located in the Sahyadri ranges of Maharashtra . The fort is situated near Roha in the Raigad district . At the base of this fort is a village called Medha . This fort is believed to be built by Shilahar kings and subsequently used by the Nizam of Ahmednagar . The great Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji is also believed to have reconstructed this fort . The work was carried out in a hurry and hence the name ' Avchit ' ( hurry ) ' gad ' ( fort ) . In the Third Anglo - Maratha War , this fort was won over by Colonel Prother from the Peshwas in the year 1818 along with other forts in the neighbouring region . The approximate height of this fort is 977 feet It is a fairly easy trek through the jungle up to the fort which takes about an hour to climb . From atop the fort one can have a beautiful view of the neighbouring forts of Telbaila , Sarasgad , Dhangad , Sudhagad , Raigad and Savashnagad . The fort has a large dodecagon al - shaped cistern which was used mainly for bathing and washing purposes . Nearby this cistern there are 6 smaller cisterns which have potable water . A small temple of the Pingalsai goddess is also situated atop . There is a dense forest around the entire fort with leopards , monkeys and foxes . Notes . List of forts in Maharashtra
Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling ( 15 February 1719 – 28 November 1779 ) was a Prussian Hussar general under Frederick the Great . Biography . Belling was born in Paulsdorf , East Prussia ( modern Pawłowo , Poland ) to Lieutenant Colonel Johann Abraham von Belling and Katharina née von Kospoth . He was the grandson of general Johann Georg von Belling . Belling was educated as a cadet and joined the Prussian Army in 1737 . Because of his small body size he was deployed at Kolberg for garrison service only . In 1739 he joined the Prussian Hussars and was removed to the Zieten Hussars in 1741 . Throughout the War of the Austrian Succession he fought at the battles of Mollwitz , Hohenfriedberg , Prague and Kesselsdorf . Belling was awarded the Pour le Mérite in 1757 for his actions in the Seven Years ' War . In 1758 he became commander of a newly founded regiment of hussars under Prince Henry of Prussia , the Belling - Hussars . The Belling - Hussars chose " Vincere aut mori " ( Victory or death ) as their motto and decorated their hats with a depiction of a complete skeleton , a scythe and an hourglass ; thus the Belling - Hussars were known as " the whole death " ( der ganze Tod ) . In the Pomeranian War , on 29 August 1760 , the Belling - Hussars captured Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher and Belling , distantly related to Blücher , managed to persuade him to join the Prussian Hussars . In 1761 Belling , commanding a troop of about 5 , 000 men , successfully delayed the advance of a Swedish Corps of 15 , 000 men from Swedish Pomerania and their cooperation with the Russia n forces in Farther Pomerania . In 1776 he was promoted to Lieutenant General and was awarded the Order of the Black Eagle for his role in the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778 . Belling died in service at his regiment ' s garrison in Stolp ( modern Słupsk , Poland ) . Belling was married to Katharine Elisabeth von Grabow , they had one daughter . He is described as a religious and devout Christian , whose evening prayers in times of peace ended : Thou seest , dear Heavenly Father , the sad plight of thy servant Belling . Grant him soon a nice little war that he may better his condition and continue to praise thy name . Amen
Volunteer Combatant ' s Medal 1914 – 1918 The Volunteer Combatant ' s Medal 1914 – 1918 ( , ) was a Belgian wartime service medal established by royal decree on 17 June 1930 and awarded to Belgian citizens and foreign nationals who voluntarily enlisted for service in the Belgian Armed Forces during World War I . Award statute . The Volunteer Combatant ' s Medal 1914 – 1918 was awarded for voluntary enlistment and service in a combat unit in a danger zone for not less than 6 months during the First World War . Later , the eligibility criteria were extended to include volunteers , older than 40 years of age who had served for 3 months in a combat unit in a danger zone , who were older than 50 years of age who had served for 1 month in a combat unit in a danger zone , and medical personnel who had served for 2 years in non - occupied Belgium . Additional provisions were made regarding awards to youngsters who had fled occupied Belgium and persons who were wounded in action , and posthumous awards . Award description . The Volunteer Combatant ' s Medal 1914 – 1918 was a 36 mm in diameter bronze circular medal topped with a crescent shaped ( 30 mm at its base ) section giving it a nearly oval shape of a height of 50 mm . On its obverse at right front , the relief image of the head of a helmeted First World War Belgian soldier facing left , to his left and partially hidden behind him , the relief image of the head of a 1830 volunteer also facing left and wearing a bonnet typically worn by the revolutionaries . The crescent section bears the relief image of the Belgian crown over laurel branches . On the reverse , along the outer circumference , the Latin inscription " VOLUNTARIIS PATRIA MEMOR " , in the center , the years 1914 – 1918 . The medal was suspended by a ring through the suspension loop to a silk moiré royal blue ribbon . Notable recipients ( partial list ) . The individuals listed below were awarded the Volunteer Combatant ' s Medal 1914 – 1918 :
USS Cayuga County ( LST - 529 ) USS " Cayuga County " ( LST - 529 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Cayuga County , New York , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . LST - 529 was laid down on 8 November 1943 at Jeffersonville , Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company ; launched on 17 January 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Margaret S . Carey ; and commissioned on 29 February 1944 with Lieutenant G . L . Moore , USNR , in command . Service history . During World War II , LST - 529 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944 . On 7 June 1946 , she was decommissioned and , as a result of hostilities in Korea , recommissioned on 22 September 1950 . She served in the Korean War and took part in the following campaigns : U . N . Summer - Fall offensive ( July and August 1951 ) ; the Second Korean Winter ( December 1951 through March 1952 ) ; and the Korea , Summer 1953 ( June and July 1953 ) . Immediately following the Korean War , she continued to serve in the Korean area until July 1954 . Following her Korean service , she returned to the United States . She was named USS " Cayuga County " ( LST - 529 ) on 1 July 1955 and was assigned as a logistic support ship for the Mariana and Bonin Islands in the late 1950s , remaining there until decommissioned and transferred to the Republic of Vietnam on 17 December 1963 , when she was renamed " Thi Nai " ( HQ - 502 ) . Following the fall of Saigon on 29 April 1975 " Thi Nai " escaped to the Philippines . Transferred to the Philippine Navy 17 November 1975 she was renamed BPR " Cotabato Del Sur " ( LT - 87 ) . The ship was scrapped in 2003 . LST - 529 earned one battle star for World War II service and three battle stars for Korean War service .
Battle of Zagonara The Battle of Zagonara was fought on July 28 , 1424 at Zagonara ( Lugo di Romagna ) between the armies of the Republic of Florence and that of Filippo Maria Visconti , duke of Milan , an episode of the Wars in Lombardy . A number of famous Italian condottieri of the 15th century took part in the battle . The only condottiero who died in the battle was Lodovico degli Obizzi , who fell off his horse and suffocated in the mud . The battle occurred when Carlo I Malatesta , lord of Rimini , intervened in support of Alberico Novello da Barbiano , whose troops were under siege in the castle of Zagonara by Milanese mercenaries under Angelo della Pergola . Pergola had about 4 , 000 cavalry and 4 , 000 infantry . Malatesta ' s troops ( amounting to some 8 , 000 cavalry ) abandoned the siege of Forlì and attacked the Visconti , led by Secco da Montagnana . Soon the initial attack of the Florentine cavalry waned . After several hours of fighting , they were routed by Pergola ' s counterattack . Malatesta himself was captured , together with about 3 , 000 men - at - arms and 2 , 000 infantrymen , and the castle was destroyed .
USS Wampatuck ( YT - 337 ) USS " Wampatuck " ( YT - 337 ) later YTB - 337 was United States Navy harbor tug in commission from 1942 to 1946 . " Wampatuck " was built as the commercial wooden - hulled , single - screw , steam harbor tug SS " Sea Ranger " at Oakland , California , by W . F . Stone and Son . She was completed in May 1921 . She was acquired by the U . S . Navy for World War II service under a bareboat charter from the Foss Launch and Tug Company of San Francisco , California , on 28 October 1942 and commissioned as harbor tug USS " Wampatuck " ( YT - 337 ) . Placed in service at Pearl Harbor , Territory of Hawaii , on 22 December 1942 , she served as a harbor tug and performed tow services through the 15 August 1945 end of hostilities with Japan . During her tour of duty at Pearl Harbor , she was reclassified as a large harbor tug and simultaneously redesignated YTB - 337 on 15 May 1944 . Shifting to the United States West Coast after the war , " Wampatuck " was decommissioned at San Francisco on 6 May 1946 . Her name was struck from the Navy List on 21 May 1946 . She soon returned to her civilian name SS " Sea Ranger " . Transferred to the Maritime Commission at Mare Island Navy Yard , Vallejo , California , on 16 August 1946 , " Sea Ranger " was subsequently assigned to the National Defense Reserve Fleet and laid up at Suisun Bay , Benicia , California on 31 March 1948 . She remained there until her name disappeared from the merchant shipping registers in 1955 .
Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski ( Jazgarzew , near Warsaw , 1896 – 1989 , London ) , also known as " Rygor - Słowikowski , " was a Polish Army officer whose intelligence work in North Africa facilitated Allied preparations for the 1942 Operation Torch landings . Life . Słowikowski joined the Polish Army in 1918 and fought in the Polish - Soviet War of 1919 - 1921 . After completing advanced military studies in 1925 , he worked at the Polish Ministry of Defense . For four years he served on Marshal Józef Piłsudski ' s staff . In 1937 he was transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and appointed secretary at the Polish Consulate in Kiev in Soviet Ukraine . His actual function , however , was collecting intelligence in southern Russia . Early in World War II , Słowikowski served in the Polish Army in France . When France capitulated to Adolf Hitler ' s Germany in June 1940 , Słowikowski organized the clandestine evacuation of Polish military personnel , and later an intelligence service that reported to Polish military authorities in London . In July 1941 Słowikowski left for Algiers , where ( using the codename " " Rygor " " — Polish for " Rigor " ) he set up " Agency Africa , " one of World War II ' s most successful intelligence organizations . His Polish allies in these endeavors included Lt . Col . Gwido Langer and Major Maksymilian Ciężki . The information gathered by the Agency was used by the Americans and British in planning the amphibious November 1942 Operation Torch landings in North Africa . These were the first large - scale Allied landings of the war , and their success in turn paved the way for the Allies ' Italian campaign . British historian M . R . D . Foot , in his foreword to Słowikowski ' s book " In the Secret Service " , writes : For his invaluable contributions to the Allied North African campaign , Słowikowski was on March 28 , 1944 , decorated with Britain ' s Order of the British Empire and received from General Jacob Devers , Deputy Commander - in - Chief of Allied Forces in North Africa , the American Legion of Merit . The ceremony was held on Algiers ' " Place du Gouvernement " . Polish military authorities had already decorated Major Słowikowski in August 1943 with Poland ' s Gold Cross of Merit with Swords . In September 1944 Słowikowski transferred to Great Britain , where he was posted to Scotland as chief of staff of the Polish Infantry Training Centre at Crieff . Demobilized in 1947 , he settled in London .
Gangwon campaign The Gangwon campaign was a campaign by the Japanese army to pacify Gangwon province , Korea in 1592 , just after the beginning of the Seven Year War . Timeline . Ukita Hideie was appointed as supreme commander of the Japanese army in Korea , allotted to Mori Yoshinari ' s Fourth Division to making them to Kato Kiyomasa ' s rear guard by pacifying Gangwon Province . Won Ho VS Mori Yoshinari Mori Yoshinari VS Kim Yeon - gwang ( Hangul : 김연광 Hanja : 金鍊光 ) ( Korean Regular Army : 조선육군 ) Japanese ' s Fourth Division occupation of Gangwon Province in 1592 . Japanese Commander and their forts ( all of which were captured Korean castles ) : Mori Yoshinari ' s pacification of Gangwon Province . The province of Gangwon had been very peaceful following its occupation by Mori Yoshinari ' s Fourth Division , but after a few months guerilla activity erupted . Won Gyun Vs Mori Yoshinari Yi Hon ( Hangul : 이혼 Hanja : 李渾 ) vS Ito Suketaka Son In - gap ( Hangul : 손인갑 Hanja : 孫仁甲 ) vs Mori Yoshinari < br > Korean Revolts in Gangwon Province . Results : Son In - gap is killed Won Ho ( Hangul : 원호 Hanja : 元豪 ) ( Korean Regular Army : 조선육군 ) VS Shimazu Yoshihiro ( Kanji : 島津忠豊 ) < br > Results : Won Ho is killed . Yu Jong - gae ( Hangul : 유종개 Hanja : 柳宗介 ) vs Mori Yoshinari < br > Result : Choson defeat . Kim Jae - gap ( Hangul : 김제갑 Hanja : 金悌甲 ) ( Korean Regular Army : 조선육군 ) VS Ito Suketaka < br > Results : Fall of the Castle - Kim Jae - gap is killed . Notes . ( * ) According to Chinese Lunar Calendar
Hector McGregor Air Marshal Sir Hector Douglas McGregor , KCB , CBE , DSO , RAF , ( 15 February 1910 – 11 April 1973 ) was a senior Royal Air Force commander . RAF career . Born in New Zealand and educated at Napier Boys ' High School , McGregor joined the Royal Air Force in 1928 he served as a pilot but in 1931 he attended the Aircraft Engineering Course and he subsequently undertook several engineering - related tours . He served in World War II as Officer Commanding No . 33 Squadron at Heliopolis in Egypt and then at Lydda in Palestine where he earned the DSO for his leadership during policing duties . He went on to be Officer Commanding No . 213 Squadron at RAF Biggin Hill in 1940 , Station Commander at RAF Ballyhalbert in 1941 and then Senior Air Service Officer at No . 82 Group later the same year before being made Officer Commanding , Tangmere Sector in 1942 . He became Deputy Director , Operations , Intelligence and Plans at Headquarters Mediterranean Air Command in 1943 and Air Officer Commanding Air Headquarters Levant in 1944 . After the War he became Air Officer Commanding No . 2 Group in 1951 before being appointed Director of Guided Missile Development at the Ministry of Supply in 1953 . He went on to be Assistant Controller , Aircraft at the Ministry of Supply in 1956 , Chief of Staff ( Air Defence ) at Headquarters SHAPE in 1957 and Commander - in - Chief of Fighter Command in 1959 . His last appointment was as Commander - in - Chief of the Far East Air Force in 1962 before he retired in 1964 . In retirement McGregor became Chairman of the New Zealand News Consultative Board in 1964 .
Amago Katsuhisa He was born to Amago Masahisa in 1553 . In the following year , Katsuhisa ' s father and grandfather were killed by Amago Haruhisa , leading Katsuhisa to become a Buddhist monk . After the Amago clan was overthrown by Mōri Motonari in 1566 , Yamanaka Yukimori supported Katsuhisa against the Mōri clan in 1568 . He lost to Mōri Terumoto at Nunobeyama in 1570 and fled to the island of Oki . Katsuhisa later returned from Oki and captured Tajima and Inaba province s , defending Kozuki Castle for Toyotomi Hideyoshi against the Mōri clan . He was attacked by Kobayakawa Takakage and Kikkawa Motoharu , was defeated , and committed suicide .
John Hammond ( congressman ) John Hammond ( born August 17 , 1827 Crown Point , Essex County , New York ; died May 28 , 1889 Crown Point , New York ) was an American manufacturer , Union Army general and politician from New York . Life . Hammond attended the public schools of St . Albans , Vermont and St . Albans Academy . He graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and moved to California in 1849 . About a decade later he volunteered as a private in the American Civil War . He was promoted to captain of Cavalry and advanced to brigadier general . He was a manufacturer of iron for twenty - five years and was President of the Crown Point Iron Co . Hammond was elected in 1866 on the Republican ticket as New York State Prison Inspector , and was in office from 1867 to 1869 . He was elected as a Republican to the 46th and 47th United States Congresses , and served from March 4 , 1879 , to March 3 , 1883 . He was buried at the Forest Dale Cemetery in Crown Point .
Edward Brush Fowler Edward Brush Fowler ( May 29 , 1826 – January 16 , 1896 ) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He is best known for his command of the 14th Brooklyn and a demi - brigade during the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 . Fowler enlisted into the Union Army as the lieutenant colonel of the 14th Brooklyn on April 18 , 1861 , at the age of 35 . On February 22 , 1862 , he was promoted to colonel of the regiment after Col . Alfred M . Wood was wounded at the First Battle of Manassas . Colonel Fowler was very active after the war with veterans ' affairs and the 14th Brooklyn Association , helping veterans of the 14th Brooklyn with pension funds . He always attended the funerals of fallen 14th Brooklyn soldiers post - war . He was very highly respected in Brooklyn , New York and was a beloved hero of the Civil War . Colonel Fowler died on January 16 , 1896 . His body was shown at Brooklyn City Hall , and he was buried with full military honors at Green - Wood Cemetery . On May 18 , 1902 , the City of Brooklyn dedicated a statue of Fowler by Henry Baerer in Fort Greene Park . In 1974 it was repaired and reinstalled at Lafayette Avenue and Fulton Street . Time with 14th Brooklyn . As mentioned above E . B . Fowler enlisted into the Union Army as the lieutenant colonel of the 14th Regiment ( New York State Militia ) on April 18 , 1861 , at the age of 35 . He fought alongside his men under the command of Colonel Alfred Wood . On February 22 , 1862 , he was promoted to colonel of the regiment after Col . Alfred M . Wood was wounded at the First Battle of Manassas . Sometime in 1862 , E . B . wrote a letter home commenting on the regiment , a bit about the uniforms , and the tactics in which he had to use . It was later placed in the regimental history . " " In 1860 the Board of Officers adopted the French ' chasseur ' uniform , consisting of ashy red trousers , white leggings , a blue jacket , red chevrons and shoulder knots . A fixed to the head was to be a french style kepi with blue band , red above and blue top . This change of uniform for the regiment was the first in many progressive steps of conformity . Later in early 1861 , when the regiment arrived in Washington , D . C . , these improvements were matched by the introduction of the rifled musket and minie ball which took the place of the smoothbore with its round ball and buckshot . A mixture of William Gilham ' s militia " Tactics " and William J . Hardee ' s translation of the French tactics were substituted for the old Winfield Scott " heavy infantry " tactics , as well as its accompaniment of leather stock and pipe - clayed belts . Little did the officers of that board dream that the uniform that they then adopted would become historic , sung of in poets ' lays and transferred to the artist ' s canvas as that of the " red - legged devils , " the Brooklyn Fourteenth . " "
Frank Alexander de Pass Frank Alexander de Pass VC ( April 26 , 1887 - November 25 , 1914 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was the first person of the Jewish faith and the first Indian Army officer to receive the VC during World War I . De Pass was born on 26 April 1887 to Eliot and Beatrice of Kensington , London . He attended Rugby School . He was 27 years old , and a Lieutenant in the 34th Prince Albert Victor ' s Own Poona Horse , and was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 24 November 1914 near Festubert , France . He was killed in battle the next day , 25 November . Lieutenant de Pass entered a German sap and destroyed a traverse in the face of the enemy ' s bombs . Subsequently he rescued , under heavy fire , a wounded man who was lying exposed to enemy bullets in the open . Lieutenant de Pass lost his life in a second attempt to capture the sap which had been reoccupied by the enemy . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum in Chelsea , London .