naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Danish M1923 helmet The M - 23 helmet was a combat helmet issued to Danish troops during the interwar period and saw service in the Second World War . It was the first helmet to be issued to Danish Defense forces and was produced locally by the company Glud and Marstrands Fabriker . History and usage . Following the carnage of World War I the Danish government fell into line with other industrialized nations and began to equip their soldiers with steel helmets . This new trend emerged from the trenches of World War I where steel helmets greatly reduced casualties . The Danish Military accepted plans for the helmet from Army Captain HE Johnsen and began distributing them to troops prior to World War II . The helmet first saw combat during the German invasion of Denmark , Operation Weserübung , on April 9 , 1940 . Following the end of the war in 1945 , Denmark phased out the m - 23 in favor of the M48 steel helmet , which was modeled after the American M1 helmet . This move coincided with many other NATO members who adopted the same design . The M - 23 is unique in that it was never exported internationally and Denmark was the only country ever to use it . This contrasts with other helmets of the era such as , the French Adrian helmet and the British Brodie helmet , which were widely distributed around the world . Moreover , this helmet ’ s distinctive appearance makes it easily recognizable from other interwar steel helmets . Design . The M - 23 was made from a single piece of Swedish steel and was produced in both military and civilian versions . The military version contained either an Army or Navy emblem on the front , depending upon which branch it was issued to , and many were covered with textured gray paint . The inside of the helmet was equipped with a leather chin strap and liner consisting of eight flaps . On the rear of the M - 23 a hanging slot can be seen towards the bottom . The civilian version was issued to various non - military organizations such as , police and fire departments , and did not have an emblem on the front . It was made from lighter steel and had a lower quality liner and chin strap . Unlike the military version it remained in service with these groups long after the war .
CSS Lark The Lark was a paddle steamer employed by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . She was the last blockade runner to successfully escape from a Southern port before the Union blockade completely closed off this vital source of supplies . " Lark " was designed and built by John Laird & Sons . The ship made four successful round trips through the blockade between Galveston , Texas , and Havana , Cuba . In April 1865 , she ran aground near the entrance to Galveston harbor . Two launches dispatched from the Union blockading squadron attacked the " Lark " , which managed to fend off the assault with help from Confederate ground forces . On May 24 , she dashed into Galveston again and managed to slip through the blockade back out to open sea , the last Confederate blockade runner to do so .
Siege of Koppal The Siege of Koppal ( 28 October 1790 – 7 April 1791 ) was conducted during the Third Anglo - Mysore War by forces of the Nizam of Hyderabad under the command of Mahabat Jung , assisted by a contingent of British East India Company forces . The siege was poorly conducted , and the garrison surrendered principally because Bangalore had fallen in February 1791 . The Siege of Koppal ( 28 October 1790 – 7 April 1791 ) was conducted during the Third Anglo - Mysore War by forces of the Nizam of Hyderabad under the command of Mahabat Jung , assisted by a contingent of British East India Company forces . The siege was poorly conducted , and the garrison surrendered principally because Bangalore had fallen in February 1791 .
First Army Division East First Army Division East is a division of the First United States Army . With its new role , First United States Army developed two subordinate multi - component headquarters – one division to support the eastern United States and the other to support the western United States . First Army Division West was activated at Fort Carson , Colorado , and later moved to Fort Hood , Texas . First Army Division East was activated on 7 March 2007 , and is headquartered at Fort George G . Meade , Maryland . First Army Division East was established by Department of the Army Permanent Order 156 - 7 to provide training and readiness oversight and mobilization operations for an area of responsibility spanning 27 states and territories east of the Mississippi River . First Army Division East is responsible for mobilizing , training , readiness oversight and deploying our nation ' s Reserve Component and National Guard Soldiers , and selected Sailors and Airmen along with members of multiple interagency and governmental entities . Subordinate Commands . The division is organized into eight brigades located throughout the eastern United States with 52 total battalions . Garrisons . Division East currently operates three mobilization training centers located at Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center , Indiana ; Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center , Mississippi ; and Joint Base McGuire - Dix - Lakehurst , New Jersey .
Haijiu - class submarine chaser The Haijiu class submarine chasers are two ( possibly four ) modified versions of the Hainan class submarine chasers ( Type 037 ) of the People ' s Liberation Army Navy . The main difference is that four ASW rocket launchers have replaced the original two ASW mortars . The biggest improvement , however , it ' s in the sonar system . Original SJD - 3 sonar on earlier Type 037 class submarine chaser is replaced by a 13 kHz ( 2 frequency ranges ) French Thomson Sintra SS - 12 / DIP 12 hull mounted ( HM ) / variable depth sonar ( VDS ) . DIP 12 , the VDS version weigh 4 tons and has a 200 meter cable with towing speed of 16 kts , and the range is selectable at 2 , 4 , 8 and 16 km respectively . However , during deployment , it was discovered that the endurance of this class is limited and the capabilities of SS / DIP 12 sonar system could not be fully exploited . There is some disagreement over the type designation of this class , some sources claim it is Type 037I , while others claim it is Type 037 Mod ( for modified or modernized ) .
Henry Benson ( general ) Henry Roxby Benson ( 1818 – 1892 ) was a 19th - century British General . Born into a distinguished Welsh family he was gazetted into the 17th Lancers as a cornet on 31 January 1840 and rose steadily : lieutenant , 15 April 1842 ; captain , 27 June 1845 ; major , 23 October 1854 ; and then lieutenant - colonel , 30 September 1856 . Subsequent service in India ( where he commanded the 2nd Cavalry at Malwa ) lead to further promotions , notably Colonel of the 7th Hussars . Appointed CB in 1861 he continued to rise until his final promotion to the rank of General twenty years later . His son " Henry Wightman Benson " was also a distinguished officer .
CSS Jackson CSS " Jackson " was a gunboat of the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War . Built at Cincinnati , Ohio , in 1849 as " Yankee " , the fast side - wheel river tug was purchased at New Orleans on 9 May 1861 by Capt . L . Rousseau , CSN , then strengthened and fitted for service in the Confederate Navy , and renamed " Jackson " . Service history . On 6 June Lt . W . Gwathmey , CSN , was ordered to her command , and after shipping a crew , took her up the Mississippi River to Columbus , Kentucky , to join the squadron under Capt . G . N . Hollins charged with the defense of the river . On 4 September 1861 " Jackson " supported by shore batteries briefly and inconclusively engaged the gunboats and off Hickman , Kentucky . The Federal ships finding the current fast setting them down upon the Confederate batteries returned to their former position . Six days later the little gunboat took part in a spirited engagement at Lucas Bend , Missouri , between Confederate artillery and cavalry and Union gunboats " Lexington " and during which she received an 8 - inch shell in her wheel house and side which forced her to retire on one engine . " Jackson " sailed with Hollins ' squadron to attack five of the Federal blockaders at the Head of Passes , Mississippi River , on 12 October 1861 . They successfully routed the Union forces and proceeded to the defense of Forts Jackson and St . Philip which the United States Mortar Flotilla under Commodore David Dixon Porter bombarded from 18 to 24 April 1862 . On 23 April " Jackson " was despatched to make the canals above the fort inaccessible to Union ships . When the commanding officer , Lt . F . B . Renshaw , CSN , found it impossible to stem the Federal advance he retired to New Orleans . After the surrender of that city , " Jackson " was destroyed by the Confederates .
5th Army ( German Empire ) The 5th Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the VII Army Inspection . The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war . History . In August 1914 the command of 5th Army was assigned to Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany , heir to the Hohenzollern throne , with General Schmidt von Knobelsdorf serving as his Chief of Staff , and would remain thus until late 1916 . The opening hostilities on the Western Front saw the Crown Prince ' s 5th Army , along with the neighboring 4th Army ( commanded by Albrecht , Duke of Württemberg ) , acting at the center of the Schlieffen plan attack into Belgium and France . On 21 August 1914 , in what became known as the Battle of the Ardennes , 4th and 5th Armies advanced into the Ardennes to counter a thrust by the French 3rd and 4th Armies . Over the next two days 5th Army played a major part in halting the opposing French forces . By 23 August , after taking heavy losses and being outmaneuvered strategically , the two French armies were driven into retreat . Following the German 5th Army ' s victory in the Battle of the Ardennes it moved to Verdun , where it would remain until 1918 . In February 1916 the Crown Prince ’ s 5th Army would launch Operation Gericht , the German offensive that begun the Battle of Verdun , one of the bloodiest and longest battles in history . Late in 1916 , after suffering terrible losses in its efforts at Verdun , General Max von Gallwitz assumed control of 5th Army . Before the close of the war 5th Army fought in several noteworthy actions , including the Battle of Saint - Mihiel , in September 1918 , when it was defeated by the American Expeditionary Force under John J . Pershing . The Fifth Army continued to oppose the AEF ' s Meuse - Argonne Offensive until the Armistice of 11 November 1918 . At the end of the war it was serving as part of " Heeresgruppe Gallwitz " . Order of Battle , 30 October 1918 . By the end of the war , the 5th Army was organised as : Commanders . The 5th Army had the following commanders during its existence :
Timeline of the Winter War The timeline of the Winter War is a chronology of events leading up to , culminating in , and resulting from the Winter War . The war began when the Soviet Union attacked Finland on 30 November 1939 and it ended 13 March 1940 .
Clonbanin Ambush The Clonbanin Ambush was an ambush carried out by the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) on 5 March 1921 , during the Irish War of Independence . It took place in the townland of Clonbanin ( aka Cloonbannin ) , County Cork . The IRA force comprised almost 100 volunteers from counties Cork and Kerry , armed with rifles , hand grenade s and a machine gun . Their target was a British Army convoy of three lorries , an armoured car and a touring car carrying Brigadier General Hanway Robert Cumming . The convoy was travelling from Killarney to Buttevant and comprised almost 40 soldiers of the East Lancashire Regiment . When the convoy entered the ambush position , IRA volunteers opened fire from elevated positions on both sides of the road . The three lorries and touring car were disabled , and the armoured car became stuck in the roadside ditch ( although those inside fired from its machine guns ) . As Cumming jumped from his car , he was shot in the head and died instantly . The battle lasted slightly over an hour . As the IRA forces withdrew from one side of the road , a British officer and six soldiers attempted to flank the IRA on the other side . After a brief exchange of fire they retreated . The IRA are not believed to have sustained any casualties .
Ouvrage Les Rochilles Ouvrage Les Rochilles is a lesser work ( " petit ouvrage " ) of the Maginot Line ' s Alpine extension , the Alpine Line , in the high Alps about southwest of Modane . The ouvrage consists of one entry block , two infantry blocks and one observation block . Unusually , it was built by the " Main d ' Oeuvre Militaire " ( MOM ) , rather than CORF ( " Commission pour l ' Organisation des Régions Fortifiées " ) , which built most of the larger positions . The design was by CORF . Work began in 1931 , but was not completed by 1940 , when it was commanded by Lieutenant Curbaille . Description . The " Camp des Rochilles " ' is located nearby . Constructed 1902 - 1907 , it is at an altitude of . The barracks complex was connected to Plan - Lachat by an aerial tram . The advanced post of Aiguille Noire is a short distance to the south , with four machine gun embrasures . Les Rochilles saw no significant action in 1940 or 1944 .
Kulwant Singh Pannu Lt Col Kulwant Singh Pannu ( ) was an officer of the Indian Army and a recipient of the Maha Vir Chakra . Lt Col Pannu is most famous for having led the 2nd Para s in the famous Tangail Airdrop to capture the Poongli Bridge over the River Jamuna on 11 December 1971 , during the Bangladesh Liberation war . The battalion was airdropped near Tangail ( now in Bangladesh ) and tasked to cut off the 93 Brigade of Pakistani Army which was retreating from the north to defend Dacca and its approaches . For his conspicuous gallantry and leadership , Lt Col Pannu was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra .
William Magee ( Medal of Honor ) William Magee was a Drummer in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the American Civil War . Magee was the youngest person from the state of New Jersey to have ever earned the Medal of Honor . At the time of Magee ' s enlistment in the United States Army , he was about the age of only 14 years . He left behind his family in Newark to fight in the serve in the American Civil War as a drummer . Magee was a self claimed hero for holding back Confederate forces from infiltrating a Union camp . This account ( given by himself ) was in fact a lie for he was fighting the disease typhoid and was used at the Union camp as a sort of ' gopher ' for odd jobs around the camp while regaining his strength . Magee never even left the walls of the camp during this conflict at all . Magee later received the Medal of Honor for this ' notorious ' act which he ' allegedly ' led . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Drummer , Company C , 33d New Jersey Infantry . Place and date : At Murfreesboro , Tenn . , December 5 , 1864 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Newark , N . J . Date of issue : February 7 , 1866 . Citation : In a charge , was among the first to reach a battery of the enemy and , with one or two others , mounted the artillery horses and took two guns into the Union lines .
2012 SAAF Dakota crash The 2012 SAAF Dakota crash occurred on 5 December 2012 when a Douglas C - 47TP of the South African Air Force crashed in the Drakensburg Mountains , KwaZulu Natal , killing all eleven people on board . Aircraft . The aircraft involved was Douglas C - 47TP 6840 , c / n 13866 . It had been built in 1943 as 43 - 48050 for the United States Army Air Forces and was transferred to the Royal Air Force in 1944 as KG767 before being immediately transferred to the South African Air Force as 6840 . In the early 1990s , the aircraft was modified with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT - 6A turboprop engines and a fuselage extension . Based at AFB Ysterplaat , Cape Town , it was mainly used in the maritime patrol role but also acted as a support aircraft for the Silver Falcons display team . Accident . The aircraft was on a flight from AFB Waterkloof to Mthatha Airport when it crashed near Giant ' s Castle in the Drakensburg Mountains , killing all on board . Shortly before the crash at 09 : 45 hours South African Standard Time ( 07 : 45 UTC ) , the crew reported that they were flying on instruments at in Instrument meteorological conditions . There were six crew and five passengers . Former South African President Nelson Mandela ' s medical team were initially reported to have been on board the aircraft , but this was later found not to be the case . An initial search by an Atlas Oryx helicopter had to be abandoned due to poor visibility . Investigation . A Board of Inquiry was convened by the South African Air Force to investigate the cause of the accident .
Coast Guard Day Coast Guard Day is held every August 4 to commemorate the founding of the United States Coast Guard as the Revenue Marine on 4 August 1790 , by then Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton . On that date , Congress , guided by Hamilton , authorized the building of a fleet of the first ten Revenue Service cutters , whose responsibility would be enforcement of the first tariff laws enacted by Congress under the Constitution . The Coast Guard received its present name through an act of Congress signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on 28 January 1915 that merged the Revenue Cutter Service with the U . S . Life - Saving Service , and provided the nation with a single maritime service dedicated to saving life at sea and enforcing the nation ' s maritime laws . The Coast Guard began to maintain the country ' s maritime aids to navigation , including operating the nation ' s lighthouses , when President Franklin Roosevelt announced plans to transfer of the U . S . Lighthouse Service to the Coast Guard in May 1939 . Congress approved the plan effective 1 July 1939 . On 16 July 1946 , Congress permanently transferred the Department of Commerce Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation to the Coast Guard , thereby placing merchant marine licensing and merchant vessel safety under Coast Guard regulation . After 177 years in the Treasury Department , the Coast Guard was transferred to the newly formed Department of Transportation effective 1 April 1967 . As a result of the events of 11 September 2001 , the Coast Guard was transferred to the new Department of Homeland Security effective 1 March 2002 . Coast Guard Day is primarily an internal activity for active duty and reserve Coast Guardsmen , civilian employees , retirees , auxiliarists , and dependents , but it does have a significant share of interest outside the service . Coast Guard units throughout the United States usually plan picnics and informal sport competitions together with family and friends on Coast Guard Day . In addition to celebrating their own day every year , Coast Guard members also participate as equal partners in Armed Forces Day activities . Grand Haven , Michigan , also known by act of Congress as Coast Guard City , USA , annually sponsors the Coast Guard Festival the week of August 4 .
Granite Peak Installation Granite Peak Installation ( GPI ) , also known as Granite Peak Range , was a U . S . biological weapons testing facility located on of Dugway Proving Ground in Utah . GPI was a sub - installation of Dugway but had its own facilities , including utilities . Established in 1943 , GPI was deactivated with the end of World War II . History . In October 1943 , because of the limitations of a site at Horn Island off the coast of Mississippi a biological weapon s testing site was established at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah . Known as the Granite Peak Installation , the site was activated as the U . S . military ' s principal bio - weapons testing site beginning in June 1944 . Construction on the massive facilities required by GPI began on July 10 , 1944 and continued for seven months , finally ending on January 30 , 1945 . The total cost for the development and construction of GPI was around $ 1 . 3 million . When WWII ended in 1945 GPI was deactivated and closed . Mission . Overview . GPI was the U . S . bio - weapons program ' s main testing site . Granite Peak was a sub - installation of Dugway Proving Ground and many of GPI ' s administrative task were overseen by the post commander at Dugway . Personnel stationed at the main Dugway grounds cooperated with tests at GPI . For example , air missions were flown by Dugway detachments , and weather forecast data was also provided by personnel at Dugway . Despite the assistance from Dugway , GPI maintained control over all technical aspects of its operations and testing . GPI was overseen by the Army Special Projects Division . Testing . One weapon tested was a 91 pound bomb containing " vegetable killer acid " , known as VKA ( 2 , 4 - Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ) , now commonly sold as an ingredient in household " weed n ' feed " products . Testing of other munitions continued from 1943 – 1945 , including tests using the causal agent for anthrax . The M33 cluster bomb was used in a series of tests from August – October 1952 at GPI . The Army Chemical Corps exposed over 11 , 000 guinea pig s to " Brucella suis " via air - dropped M33s . The guinea pig trials caused one Chemical Corps general to remark , " Now we know what to do if we ever go to war against guinea pigs " Facilities . GPI was a area of Dugway that was located west from the nearest active area , known as " Dog Area " . Because of this isolation the installation developed many of its own facilities , separate from the main facilities at Dugway . GPI had its own utilities , laboratories , living quarters and medical facility . By 1985 only two structures remained extant from the Granite Peak Installation , a pump house and an underground " igloo storage building " . Transportation resources at GPI included an airplane landing strip and of surfaced roads . Utilities at the site included , sewer and septic system s , power plants , and delivery systems for electricity , water and steam . The base was much larger than the BW site at Horn Island .
Henry Smith ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Henry Smith , KCB ( 1803 – 18 January 1887 ) , was a British officer in the Royal Navy . He served in the capture of Aden ( 1839 ) , First Opium War , and Crimean War . He was appointed a CB in 1840 and a KCB in 1873 .
William Rowan Field Marshal Sir William Rowan , GCB ( 18 June 1789 – 26 September 1879 ) was a British military commander . Military career . Born in the Isle of Man , Rowan was commissioned into the 52nd Light Infantry in 1803 . He was present at the capture of Flushing in 1809 and then took part in various actions in Spain , Portugal and France . He fought at the Battle of Waterloo and took part in the charge of the 52nd Light Infantry . After the War he was put in charge of the 1st arrondissement of Paris . In 1823 he was posted with his Regiment to New Brunswick and in 1826 he transferred to the 58th Regiment of Foot . In 1828 he became Military Secretary to Sir John Colborne , Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada . In 1849 Rowan became Commander - in - Chief , North America . He retired to Bath and died in 1879 . Sir William was the younger brother of Sir Charles Rowan ( c . 1782 – 1852 ) , joint first Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police in London , and Lieutenant - Colonel John Rowan ( 1778 – 1855 ) who was an officer in the Antrim Militia regiment that fought against the United Irishmen in the uprising of 1798 . He was High Sheriff of Antrim ( 1814 ) and a leading light in Belfast society .