naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Erich Lorenz Erich Lorenz ( 31 August 1905 – 10 December 1984 ) was a highly decorated " Oberst der Reserve " in the " Wehrmacht " who commanded the " 85 . Infanterie - Division " during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold , one of only 631 such decorations .
Friedrich Bausch Friedrich Bausch ( 6 August 1915 – 21 April 1971 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
XXII Corps ( Ottoman Empire ) The XXII Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " 22 nci Kolordu " or " Yirmi İkinci Kolordu " ) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army . It was formed during World War I . Formations . Order of Battle , August 1917 . In August 1917 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , January 1918 , June 1918 . In January and June 1918 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , September 1918 . In September 1918 , the corps was structured as follows :
Brahan Castle Brahan Castle was situated south - west of Dingwall , in Easter Ross , Scotland . The castle belonged to the Earls of Seaforth , chiefs of the Clan Mackenzie , who dominated the area . History . Brahan Castle was built by Colin Mackenzie , 1st Earl of Seaforth in 1611 . Kenneth Mackenzie , a labourer on the estate , was a reputed seer who made a number of prophecies in the later 17th century . He is remembered as the Brahan Seer . The Mackenzies were prominent Jacobites , and took part in the Jacobite risings of 1715 , 1719 and 1745 . The Siege of Brahan took place in November 1715 . William Mackenzie , 5th Earl of Seaforth , was attaint ed , forfeiting the estate , which in 1725 became the headquarters of General Wade during his " pacification " of the Highlands . After a later Jacobite rising of 1745 , the Mackenzies were the first clan to surrender , being forced to swear allegiance to the British Crown on the steps of the castle . The estate was later sold back to the Mackenzie family , although the direct line of descent died out in 1781 . The estate passed to Francis Mackenzie , 1st Baron Seaforth who carried out tree planting in the grounds . On his death without heir in 1815 Brahan passed to the Stewart - Mackenzies . During the first half of the 19th century , the castle was rebuilt and extended as a large country house . James Stewart - Mackenzie was created Baron Seaforth in 1921 , but on his death without heir in 1923 , he left the estate to a trust . Brahan Castle was briefly requisitioned during World War II , and after the war its condition deteriorated . In the early 1950s the building was demolished , leaving only the north wall of the 19th century building , which served as a garden ornament . The stable block survives , and is now known as Brahan House . Several heraldic panels and other decorative stones are preserved in the house . A monument on the estate , around west of the site of the castle , commemorates the death in 1823 of Caroline Mackenzie , daughter of the last earl , who died after being thrown from a pony carriage near the same location .
14th Alpini Regiment The 14th Alpini Regiment ( ) was a short lived ( 1993 – 2005 ) light Infantry regiment of the Italian Army , specializing in Mountain Combat . It was based in the city of Venzone and consisted of the single Tolmezzo battalion . The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army , that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II .
John Edmund Greene John Edmund Greene DFC ( 2 July 1894 – 14 October 1918 ) was a Canadian First World War flying ace , officially credited with 15 victories . Greene was shot down by Carl Degelow on 4 October 1918 , but survived to be shot down and killed 10 days later . He is buried at the ( Koksijde ) .
Franz Kohlauf Franz Kohlauf ( 3 December 1910 – 26 April 1944 ) was a Fregattenkapitän with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was killed in action when Torpedoboot " T - 29 " sank . He commanded the 4 . Torpedo Boat Flotilla , consisting of large torpedo boats 1936 Class ( " Elbing " ) , among others in a battle on 22 / 23 October 1943 , in which the Germans sunk the British cruiser HMS " Charybdis " and escort destroyer HMS " Limbourne " , without losses . After this action , he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross .
William Allen ( soldier ) William Allen ( 1845 – January 8 , 1882 ) was a U . S . Army soldier who fought during the Indian Wars in the post - American Civil War period . Serving under Lieutenant Colonel George Crook , he participated in expeditions against the Apache in the Arizona Territory throughout the 1870s . He was one of four men who received the Medal of Honor for the Battle of Turret Peak against the Yavapai Apaches in 1873 . Biography . Born either in Brightstown , New York or Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , Allen enlisted as a private into the 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers on August 15 , 1864 , and served through Sherman ' s March to the Sea , until June 7 , 1865 . In August , 1865 , he enlisted in the Regular Army at Lansingburgh , New York and was assigned to the 23rd U . S . Infantry . Eventually reaching the rank of first sergeant , he was part of the Lieutenant Colonel George Crook ' s campaign against the Apache during the early 1870s . On March 27 , 1873 , he took part in a major engagement against the Yavapai Apaches at Turret Peak , Arizona , only 20 miles south of Camp Verde . He , along with Captain George M . Randall , led a successful surprise attack and was awarded the Medal of Honor for " " gallantry in action " " . He officially received the medal on April 12 , 1875 , two years after the battle . In October , 1873 , Allen was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the 12th U . S . Infantry , and was promoted to First Lieutenant in December , 1880 . He died of " inflammation of the bowel " at Fort Mojave , Arizona on January 8 , 1882 , although his tombstone places the date exactly ten years later in 1892 . His remains were eventually buried in the San Francisco National Cemetery .
Heinrich von Brandt Heinrich von Brandt ( 2 August 1789 Łąkie near Posen – 23 January 1868 Berlin ) was a Prussia n general and military author . Biography . Military career . He studied law in Berlin . In 1807 , he joined the army . The Peace of Tilsit made him a subject of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw , and as such he fought in the War of the Fifth Coalition in Spain and Napoleon ' s invasion of Russia . At the Battle of Leipzig , he was wounded and captured by the Russians , who forced him into the Polish army . In 1816 , he entered the Prussian army and became a member of the general staff . He took part in the Polish revolts of 1831 and 1848 , the latter of which he helped to suppress . He retired from the army in 1857 with the rank of general of infantry . Political service . He was elected a member of the Prussian Upper Chamber in 1849 and of the Erfurt Parliament in 1850 . Family . His son , Max von Brandt , was a noted German diplomat . Works . Von Brandt is most notable for his writings , chief of which are :
William Parke General Sir William Parke was born on 17 May 1822 in London in England . He was the son of Charles Parke , a land owner , formerly H . B . M Commissioner to the kingdom of Mexico and Deputy Lieutenant of Dorset and Letitia Alcock , the sister of Thomas Alcock ( MP ) . Career . Parke was commissioned in 1840 into the Duke of Albany ' s own Highlanders . He served in the Crimean War , commanding the 72nd Highlanders from June 1855 , and became Lieutenant Colonel in the same year , taking part in the expedition to Kertch and the siege of Sevastapol . Posted to India at the time of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 he was First Class Brigadier and from March 1858 commanded the second brigade of the Rajaputana Field Force and led the assault on Kotah in 1859 . He also took part in the pursuit of Tantya Tope and Rao Sahib in Central India . In 1860 he transferred to the 53rd Foot . Parke held numerous staff positions with the home army and became a Major General in 1868 , subsequently reaching Lieutenant General in 1877 . After his retirement he served as regimental Colonel with the 2nd battalion Worcester Regiment and subsequently the Seaforth Highlanders in which position he remained until 1897 . Parke was decorated with the KCB in 1887 , and died on 29 March 1897 . Family . Parke married Anna Maria , daughter of Major General William Nepean the second son of Sir Evan Nepean Bt in 1865 and lived at Thornhill house a Palladian style mansion built by Sir James Thornhill near Stalbridge in North Dorset . They had a son William who was born in 1866 and died unmarried , and a daughter Dorothy Eden Parke who married Somerset Arthur Sherston who was killed in action in 1915 . William Parke ' s elder brother Charles Joseph Parke was High Sheriff of Dorset in 1868 . His niece Ellen Henrietta Parke married Philip Thomas Godsal the inventor of the Godsal Gun . Parke was also great uncle to Lieutenant Wilfred Parke the first aviator to recover successfully from an accidental spin .
Franz Gössmann Franz Gössmann ( 8 December 1909 – 4 April 1945 ) was a highly decorated " Oberfeldwebel " in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He was also awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold one of only 631 awards .
Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier The Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier is a tomb on the grounds of Beauvoir in Biloxi , Harrison County , Mississippi , that holds the remains of an unidentified Confederate soldier of the American Civil War . The remains were discovered in late 1979 by Ben Akselson of Beaumont Tx member of the SCV and Rick Forte , Chairman of the Combined Boards of Beauvoir on a battlefield of the Vicksburg Campaign . The discovery led to the establishment of the Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier in the Confederate Veterans Cemetery at Beauvoir , in Biloxi , Mississippi . The soldier ' s remains were buried there in a cypress casket in 1980 . The tomb , inscribed " Known but to God " , was dedicated on June 6 , 1981 . The remains were carefully authenticated from artifacts accompanying them , but the identity of the soldier , his unit , and his place of origin are not known . Approval of the plan and official designation was sought and received from all recognized Confederate organizations , including the Sons of Confederate Veterans , United Daughters of the Confederacy , Military Order of the Stars and Bars , and Children of the Confederacy . On June 6 , 1981 , the Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier was unveiled . Its two sides are inscribed : The Unknown Soldier of the Confederate States of America . The head of the tomb bears the inscription : Known but to God . Atop of the tomb is the Great Seal of the Confederate States of America , and at its foot is a stanza from the poem " CSA " by Father Abram Joseph Ryan , poet - priest of the Confederacy . The Sons of Confederate Veterans held ceremonies on May 1 , 1983 to award the Confederate Medal of Honor to the Unknown Soldier . The awarding of this medal began in 1976 as a project of the Sons of Confederate Veterans to complete a process begun , but never consummated , by the Confederate Congress . During the war , the Congress had passed measures to honor valor on the battlefield and elsewhere , with President Jefferson Davis ' approval , but medals were never awarded . Conditions for the award were similar to those governing the United States Congressional Medal of Honor . The Unknown Soldier represents the intrepidity and gallantry at the risk of life , above and beyond the call of duty , by unnumbered Confederate soldiers to defend the Confederacy . The Unknown Soldier also represents all who lie in unknown places , and who may be deserving of this medal , although their names and services will never be known . The medal awarded to the Unknown Soldier was on display in the Beauvoir Confederate Museum . The remains were discovered in December 1979 by Rick Forte Sr , of Hattiesburg , MS , Chairman of The Combined Boards of Beauvoir and Lifetime Member of SCV . Accompanying Compatriot Forte was SCV members Ben Akselson of Beaumont Tx , Mike Phillips , of Hattiesburg , MS and Rick Forte Jr , of Hattiesburg , MS . The remains of the Confederate Soldier were found on a battfield of the Vicksburg Campaign of 1863 .
Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve The Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve ( RCNVR ) was a naval reserve force of the Royal Canadian Navy , which replaced the Royal Navy Canadian Volunteer Reserve ( RNCVR ) . Foundation . The RCNVR was created in 1923 . The organization was established by Rear - Admiral Walter Hose in a time when the Navy was under drastic budget cuts . Hose saw the establishment of a reserve force as a great way for the fledgling Canadian Navy to build support from coast to coast . Thus he established Naval Reserve Divisions in every major Canadian city . The initial authorized strength of the RCNVR was 1 , 000 all ranks . Fifteen Canadian cities were earmarked for a division . Most were to be of “ Half - Company ” strength , which was 50 , all ranks . These cities were Calgary , Charlottetown , Edmonton , Halifax , Hamilton , Ottawa , Prince Rupert , Quebec City , Regina , Saint John , Saskatoon and Vancouver . Three cities were ordered to man to a “ Company ” strength , which was 100 , all ranks . These cities were Toronto , Montreal and Winnipeg . The first commission was given , on March 14 , 1923 , to Lieutenant Frank Meade , who established a company - sized detachment in Montreal . By the end of that year , twelve units had been formed . Role in the Second World War . The RCNVR became the backbone of the Canadian Navy , recruiting officers and sailors for the Navy . The usefulness of the RCNVR was demonstrated in 1939 , at the onset of the Second World War , when the RCNVR was used to recruit and build the navy . By the end of the war , Canada had the third largest navy in the world , with a complement of nearly 100 , 000 . Most of these men and women were members of the RCNVR . Robert Hampton Gray , a member of the RCNVR from Nelson , British Columbia , was a pilot with the British Pacific Fleet when he sank a Japanese destroyer on August 9 , 1945 . He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross . After the Second World War , the RCNVR was merged into the Royal Canadian Navy Reserves
United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 In United Nations Security Council resolution 661 , adopted on 6 August 1990 , reaffirming Resolution 660 ( 1990 ) and noting Iraq ' s refusal to comply with it and Kuwait ' s right of self - defence , the Council took steps to implement international sanctions on Iraq under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter . This was the second resolution by the Security Council over the invasion of Kuwait . The Council therefore decided that states should prevent : Resolution 661 called on all member states , including non - members of the United Nations , to act strictly in accordance with the resolution , and decided to establish a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all members of the Council , to examine reports by the Secretary - General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar on the situation and seek information from states on the action they are taking to implement Resolution 661 , requesting they all co - operate with the Committee . Finally , the Council stressed that the sanctions regime imposed should not affect assistance given to the legitimate Government of Kuwait . The resolution was adopted by 13 votes to none , while Cuba and Yemen abstained from voting . After the end of the Gulf War and the Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait , the sanctions were linked to removal of weapons of mass destruction by Resolution 687 ( 1991 ) . The effects of government policy and the sanctions regime led to hyperinflation , widespread poverty and malnutrition .
Black Shark torpedo The Black Shark is a heavyweight torpedo developed by Whitehead Sistemi Subacquei of Italy . It is most closely associated with the Scorpène diesel - electric submarines produced by France for the export market , but is also found on some Type 209 submarine s . Development . Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei Italy , needed a more recent offering in the heavyweight torpedo market given that Atlas Elektronik , Germany had developed the DM2A4 Heavyweight Torpedo ( export designation SeaHake mod4 ) for deployment on the new Type 212N Submarines of the German Navy . Furthermore the A184 system was an aging system that WASS considered as uncompetitive on the growing heavyweight torpedo export market , that of late has seen expansion with the sale of both the Scorpene and the U 209 / 210 / 212 submarines around the world , Greece , Portugal , Chile , Malaysia and India , being some of the latest . The A184 system has long been deployed by the Italian Navy with the mod3 design remaining as its standard Heavyweight Torpedo . While a capable system , WASS sought to attain advances in fibre optics and the continual improvement to electronics in developing the Black Shark thus creating a more competitive design in comparison to recent market entries . The resulting work produced a heavyweight torpedo system with advanced ECCM abilities and an advanced sonar . The advancements in electric motor design and battery allowed an increase in both range and speed . Features . The Black Shark torpedo offers fibre optic wire for increased bandwidth and signal processing ability compared to copper wire guided torpedo types . The sonar capability include non - doppler shifted target discrimination and multi - frequency capability that features advanced spacial and angular analysis abilities . The design goal for the torpedo was 300 % improvement of passive acquisition and 200 % active acquisition with its sonar system . The brushless motor design coupled with the aluminum - silver oxide ( Al - AgO ) battery gives the system a top speed 50 + knot , and a range of 50 km , performance envelope . Like all other battery powered HWTs , the battery power system does not suffer the loss of performance of Otto fuel II types at greater depths since there is no exhaust to deal with at greater pressures . The result is a 150 % improvement in speed and 200 % in torpedo endurance . Future developments . In 2008 France signed a development contract for 93 heavy torpedoes for its nuclear submarines , to be delivered from 2015 . The original plan called for a derivative of the Black Shark to be built by a joint venture between DCNS , Thales and WASS , but they fell out and DCNS will now be developing the F21 Artemis with Thales and Atlas Elektronik . The F21 shares similarities with the Black Shark , including an electric motor driven by an aluminium silver - oxide ( AgO - Al ) battery . It will have a warhead of PBX B2211 , range of and speed of . the project has a €485m budget with a unit cost of €2 . 3m ( FY12 ) , or €5 . 2m including development costs .
Lake Washington Shipyard Lake Washington Shipyards was a shipyard in Houghton , Washington ( today Kirkland ) on the shore of Lake Washington . Today the shipyards are the site of the lakeside Carillon Point business park . The shipyards built many civilian and US Navy ships . Ships built here . Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyards include ( with launch dates ) :
Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device The Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device or HABD ( also known as a HEED or SEA ) is a piece of military survival gear which was adopted in order to increase the chances of survival for embarked troops and aircrew trapped in an aircraft which has ditched ( crashed into a body of water . ) Similar in function to SCUBA gear , it consists of a small cylinder pressurized with atmospheric air and first stage regulator worn in a pouch on the user ' s flotation vest ; a pressure gauge ; an air hose and a special second - stage regulator ( the part that delivers air via the user ' s mouth ) . The regulator is on - demand ( it only delivers air when the user breathes in ) and is designed to be highly rugged in order to survive impacts associated with emergency ditchings . Since a full - size SCUBA cylinder would be prohibitively bulky , especially for troops already laden with full combat gear , the HABD must be small and thus limited in capacity . It provides roughly two minutes of air at the surface . This decreases rapidly with depth and with the heightened breathing rate that accompanies stress . Still , even a few breaths in such a situation can mean the difference between life and death . Helicopter ditchings usually come with little warning , often while the pilot is attempting a ship landing or other low - altitude maneuver . Because they are top - heavy , ditched helicopters invariably flip upside - down upon hitting the water . The crew and embarked troops will be bombarded with violent jerking motions and several tons of incoming water , which causes unsecured gear to fly uncontrolled throughout the cabin and can knock troops unconscious . Jet fuel and hydraulic fluid often seep into the cabin and can cause blindness to open eyes and lung damage if inhaled . Troops unfortunate enough to find themselves in a ditched helicopter will be upside - down , disoriented , often in the dark and in a rapidly sinking bird . Immersion in cold water evokes a " gasp " response in humans , which limits their breath - holding ability to as little as 15 seconds . Panic is fatal . The HABD , properly used , provides troops with an invaluable tool to help ward off panic and buys them precious extra time to escape .
Vaulx - Vraucourt Vaulx - Vraucourt is a commune in the Pas - de - Calais department in the Nord - Pas - de - Calais region of France . Geography . Vaulx - Vraucourt lies southeast of Arras and about northeast of Bapaume , at the junction of the D20 , D10E and D36 roads . History . The commune name comes from the two hamlets that were combined into one commune in 1821 . < br > The village was the site of heavy fighting during World War I . Major battles occurred in this area in 1917 and 1918 . Four military cemeteries are located in and around the village , containing the graves of soldiers from the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand .
John Wood ( explorer ) John Wood ( 1812 – 14 November 1871 ) was a Scottish naval officer , surveyor , cartographer and explorer , principally remembered for his exploration of central Asia . Wood was born in Perth , Scotland . After schooling at Perth Academy , he joined the British Indian Navy and soon demonstrated a flair for surveying . Many of the maps of southern Asia which he compiled remained standard for the rest of the 19th century . In 1835 , aged twenty - two , he commanded the first steamboat to paddle up the Indus River and surveyed the river as he went . Four years later , he led an expedition that found one of the River Oxus ' sources in central Asia . The Royal Geographical Society recognised his work by awarding him their Founder ' s Medal in 1841 . After his central Asian explorations , Wood spent a year in Wellington , New Zealand , before moving back to India and establishing himself in Sind , a northern Indian province that is now part of Pakistan . In 1871 , he decided to return to Britain , but before leaving made one final trip to Simla in the Punjab , where he fell ill . He nonetheless embarked on the voyage home , but died only two weeks after his arrival , on November 14 .