naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siegfried Westphal Siegfried Westphal ( 18 March 1902 – 2 July 1982 ) was a highly decorated General der Kavallerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Westphal was captured by American troops in May 1945 and acted as a witness at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial . He was released in 1947 .
87th Regiment of Foot ( Keith ' s Highlanders ) The 87th Regiment of Foot ( Keith ' s Highlanders ) was a Scottish infantry regiment in the British Army , formed in 1759 and disbanded in 1763 . The regiment was raised at Perth in August 1759 by regimenting three companies detached from the 42nd Foot , the Black Watch . The regiment was initially titled as Keith ' s Highlanders after its commander , Robert Murray Keith , and was numbered as the 87th Foot in 1760 . The regiment was immediately dispatched to Germany , where it fought at Warburg and Villinghausen . A further five companies were raised at Perth in mid - 1760 , bringing the regiment up to a more conventional strength . The regiment returned to Scotland from the continent in late 1762 , and was disbanded at Perth in July 1763 . References . http : / / www . scottishmilitaryarticles . org . uk / smhsarticle _ 87th _ Highlanders . htm
Arthur Martin - Leake Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Martin - Leake , VC and Bar ( 4 April 1874 – 22 June 1953 ) was an English double recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Martin - Leake was the first of only three men to be awarded the VC twice . Early life . Arthur , the fifth son of Stephen Martin - Leake of Thorpe Hall , Essex , was born at Standon , near Ware , Hertfordshire , and was educated at Westminster School before studying medicine at University College Hospital , qualifying in 1893 . He was employed at Hemel Hempstead District Hospital before enlisting in the Imperial Yeomanry , to served in the Boer War in 1899 . Boer War VC . Martin - Leake first served in the Second Boer War as a trooper in the Imperial Yeomanry . After his year service was completed he stayed on in South Africa as a civil surgeon . He then joined the South African Constabulary until he was forced to return home from his wounds . He was 27 years old , and a surgeon captain in the South African Constabulary attached to the 5th Field Ambulance during the Second Boer War on 8 February 1902 , at Vlakfontein when he won his first VC . Inter - War Years 1902 - 1914 . Martin - Leake qualified as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1903 after studying while convalescing from wounds . He then took up an appointment in India as Chief Medical Officer with the Bengal - Nagpur Railway . In 1912 he volunteered to serve with the British Red Cross during the Balkan Wars , attached to the Montenegran army , and was present during the Siege of Scutari ( 1912 - 1913 ) and at Tarabosh Mountain . He was awarded the Order of the Montenegran Red Cross . World War I VC . On the outbreak of World War I he returned to service , as a lieutenant with the 5th Field Ambulance , Royal Army Medical Corps , on the Western Front . He won his second VC , aged 40 years , during the period 29 October to 8 November 1914 near Zonnebeke , Belgium whilst serving with the Royal Army Medical Corps , British Army . His award citation reads : His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum , Aldershot , England . He was promoted captain in March 1915 , major in November the same year , and in April 1917 took command of 46th Field Ambulance at the rank of lieutenant - colonel . Post World War I . Martin - Leake retired from the army after the war and resumed his company employment in India until he retired to England in 1937 . In World War II he commanded an ARP post . He died , aged 79 , at High Cross , Hertfordshire . Following cremation at Enfield , Middlesex , Martin - Leake was buried in St John ' s Church , High Cross . He is commemorated with a plaque and a tree at the National Memorial Arboretum in Alrewas , Staffordshire .
Upshot - Knothole Annie Upshot - Knothole " Annie " was a nuclear weapons test conducted by the United States as part of Operation Upshot - Knothole . It took place at the Nevada Test Site on 17 March 1953 , and was nationally televised . The live TV coverage was captured at the studio , presumably using at - the - time new magnetic tape sound technology , so it is a rare record of the sound an actual atomic bomb makes . Operation Doorstep was a civil defense study conducted by the Federal Civil Defense Administration in conjunction with " Annie " . It studied the effect of the nuclear blast on two wooden frame houses , fifty automobiles and eight bomb shelters designed for residential use . The administration concluded that if windows were left open to prevent the car collapsing on its occupants a car would be " relatively safe " from a small nuclear bomb if at least ten blocks away from the hypocenter . The homes in the study were constructed in such a way as to minimize the thermal effects of Annie , with an eye towards determining if , in the absence of fire , the basement of the closer home — from the hypocenter — might shelter its occupants , while the second — at — could remain standing . Both homes performed as expected under the conditions of their construction .
Gerald Brenan Edward FitzGerald " Gerald " Brenan , CBE ( 7 April 1894 – 19 January 1987 ) was a British writer and Hispanist who spent much of his life in Spain . He is best known for " The Spanish Labyrinth " , a historical work on the background to the Spanish Civil War , and for " South from Granada : Seven Years in an Andalusian Village " . He was awarded a CBE in the Diplomatic Service and Overseas List in 1982 . Life . He was born in Malta into a well - off Anglo - Irish family , while his father was serving there in the British Army . He was educated at Radley , a boarding school in England , which he hated due to the bullying he endured . His autographical works make it clear that he did not enjoy a good relationship with his father . At the age of 18 , and to spite his father who wanted him to train at Sandhurst , he set off with an older friend , the occasional photographer and eccentric , John Hope - Johnstone , to walk to China . Between August 1912 and January 1913 they walked 1 , 560 miles , reaching Bosnia before lack of money made them turn back . He spent the next 10 months in Germany learning the language , surprisingly in preparation for joining the Indian Police Service . This plan was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I . He immediately joined the British Army and served in France throughout the war . After the war , Hope - Johnstone introduced him to the Bloomsbury Group . In 1919 he moved to Spain , and from 1920 he rented a house in the small village of Yegen , in the Alpujarra s district of the province of Granada . He spent his time catching up on the education which he felt he had missed by not attending university , and in writing . An important factor in his moving to Spain was his calculation that his small income would go further there . Despite the remoteness of his new home , contacts with Bloomsbury continued , particularly with his best friend Ralph Partridge and his first wife Dora Carrington ( with whom Brenan had an affair ) . In the late 1920s he formed a relationship with his maid , Juliana Martin Pelegrina , that resulted in the birth of a daughter , Miranda Helen , in 1931 . In Dorset in 1930 he met the American poet and novelist Gamel Woolsey ( 1895 – 1968 ) ; they married in Rome in 1931 . During the Spanish Civil War and for many years afterwards they lived in Aldbourne in Wiltshire . Brenan was permitted to return to Spain in 1953 despite holding views which were critical of Franco ' s regime . He spent most of the remainder of his life in Alhaurín el Grande , Málaga . Gamel Woolsey died in Spain in 1968 of cancer , and is buried at the English Cemetery , Malaga . In 1984 Brenan was moved in controversial circumstances to a nursing home in Pinner , but he returned to Spain after the authorities there made special arrangements to provide him with the nursing care on which he depended . At the time of his death , his body was donated to the Medicine Faculty of Málaga for medical research and later cremated ; his ashes are buried in the English Cemetery , Malaga . Works . He left uncompleted a work on Spanish poetry which was published posthumously as " La Copla Popular Española " .
Camp Yeomalt Camp Yeomalt is a one - story lodge originally built as a Boy Scout camp on Bainbridge Island , Washington . The camp was originally built as Camp Major Hopkins ( named for Major Maurice Jayne Hopkins ) in 1935 by unemployed island residents , recruited by the Franklin D . Roosevelt ' s Works Progress Administration . The original lodge was built of Douglas - fir logs , in " camp style " architecture . The western side of the lodge has a stone chimney , with fire boxes on both the interior and exterior sides . The lodge sits on of land , and is accompanied by a second building that was built in 1942 as an Army bathhouse , when the camp was used as US Army 202nd Coast Artillery Bainbridge Island Headquarters . The Bainbridge Island Park & Recreation District took ownership of the camp in 1987 , and renamed it Camp Yeomalt in 2000 . The camp was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 . The term " Yeomalt " is an anglicization of a Lushootseed word ( " Yeboa ' lt " ) meaning " fight " .
Wieltje Farm Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Wieltje Farm Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located near Ypres ( now " Ieper " ) in Belgium on the Western Front . The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war . Foundation . The cemetery , named after a nearby farm , was begun by the 2nd and 4th Gloucesters amongst others in July 1917 . It was closed in October 1917 . The cemetery was designed by A J S Hutton .
HMAS Terka HMAS " Terka " ( FY . 98 ) was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II . Launched as Sir Dudley de Chair in 1925 , the ship was operated by the Adelaide Steamship Company until she was requisitioned by the RAN in December 1940 . She sank while at her moorings at Madang , New Guinea on 26 March 1945 and was abandoned . Construction . The ship was launched in 1925 from the State Dockyard , Newcastle , New South Wales as " Sir Dudley de Chair " . Operation history . She was bought in 1928 by the Adelaide Steamship Company and renamed " Terka " . Requisitioned by the RAN in December 1940 , she was part of Minesweeping Group 70 based at Darwin , Northern Territory . Converted into a water carrier she moved forward to New Guniea to support the efforts during World War II . While moored at Madang , she sank on 26 March 1945 and was abandoned . During May – June 1971 , the wreck of HMAS " Terka " , in Binnen Harbour , Madang was blasted by Clearance Diving Team One ( RAN ) , to allow safe navigation of the harbour channel . Following an overhaul of the RAN battle honour s system , completed in March 2010 , " Terka " s wartime service was retroactively recognised with the honour " Darwin 1942 - 43 " .
1st Bihać Infantry Brigade The 1st Bihać Infantry Brigade was formed on September 19 , 1992 in Kamenica near Bihać , becoming part of the 5th Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the command of then Brigadier General ( now Lieutenant General ) Atif Dudaković . Subunits . The 1st Bihać Infantry Brigade consisted of :
Experimental Squadron ( Royal Navy ) The Experimental Squadrons of the Royal Navy were groups of ships sent out in the 1830s and 1840s to test new techniques of ship design , armament , building and propulsion against old ones . They came about as a result of conflict between the " empirical " school of shipbuilding ( led by William Symonds , Surveyor of the Navy ) , the " scientific " school led by the first School of Naval Architecture ( closed in 1832 ) , and the " traditional " school led by master shipwrights from the royal dockyards . 1831 - 1832 . The " Squadron of Evolution " took part in gunboat diplomacy off the Belgian coast and in the Tagus . 1844 . Determined to prove William Symonds ' designs to be failures , the new Tory Board of Admiralty sent out successive " Experimental Squadrons " in the mid - 1840s . In 1844 , a brig squadron ( including Symonds ' and , the old , and ships by other designers ) left Portsmouth on 22 October , followed three days later by a ship of the line squadron under Rear - admiral William Bowles ( with the old three - deckers and and Symonds ' three - decker ) . The ships of the line were joined at Lisbon on 3 November by Symonds ' two - decker , and all four arrived back in Portsmouth on 27 November , 9 days before the brig squadron . 1845 . On 15 July the following year , the elderly Rear - Admiral Hyde Parker led the pre - Symonds , , and , along with Symonds ' " Queen " , " Albion " , and , out of Portsmouth Harbour . The squadron arrived at Cork on 7 September , left on the 18th , and arrived in Plymouth on the 20th . ( In this and all the other 1845 squadrons " Queen " performed well , having performed badly in the 1844 squadron . ) In Plymouth , the same squadron was transferred to Rear - Admiral Sir Samuel Pym and sailed on 21 October , returning to the same port on 3 December . The third and final 1845 cruise lasted 43 days and consisted solely of the two deckers from the previous two ( " Albion " , " Vanguard " , " Superb " , " Rodney " and " Canopus " ) , accompanied by a brig from the 1844 squadron , . It sailed from Plymouth on 21 October , led , not by an admiral ( those then available were all very old and infirm , and the Admiralty placed little confidence in them ) , but by successive captains in the squadron acting as commodore ( Moresby in " Canopus " , and then Willes in " Vanguard " ) . A final set of cruises occurred in 1846 , with a " squadron of evolution " made up of steam - ships and sailing ships of the line . Results . Outside factors in the 1840s tests , such as individual captains ' political bias or stowage ' s influence on how well a ship sailed , were underappreciated and so in October 1847 - in the face of the Board ' s institution of a " Committee of Reference " the previous year to oversee him and modify his designs according to the Board ' s wishes - Symonds resigned his role .
Confederate States War Department The Confederate States War Department was a cabinet - level department in Confederate States of America government responsible for the administration of the affairs of the Confederate States Army . The War Department was led by the Confederate States Secretary of War . During its existence , the War Department was the largest department of the Civil Service in Confederate States of America . History . The War Department was established by Act No . 26 of the Confederate Provisional Congress on February 26 , 1861 . On December 11 , 1861 , a bill was passed allowing Organization . Key Personnel . There were twelve key positions in the War Department of which four were filled by civilians and eight by military personnel ; these positions were : Departments and Bureaus . The Confederate War Department had several sub - departments in its organization structure . Signal Bureau . Established by an act of the Confederate Congress on 19 April 1862 . This bureau was attached to the Adjutant General ' s office . Edward Porter Alexander was responsible for this corp ' s establishment . Although official established in 1862 , Edward Porter Alexander had set about the creation of a signal service and had a signal service operational in time for the First Battle of Manassas , months before any comparable Federal counterpart would emerge . The Signal Bureau was also involved in the gathering of intelligence during the course of the war .
USS LST - 545 USS " LST - 545 " was a United States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1946 Construction and commissioning . " LST - 545 " was laid down on 13 December 1943 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 12 February 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Charles M . Wright , and commissioned on 23 March 1944 . Service history . " LST - 545 " saw no combat action during World War II . Following the war , she performed occupation duty in the Far East until early December 1945 . She then returned to the United States . Decommissioning and disposal . " LST - 545 " was decommissioned on 29 August 1946 . She was sunk as a target on 12 May 1948 at Enewetak Atoll in the Operation Sandstone atomic bomb test series , by either the " Yoke " or " Zebra " detonations or the two of them in combination . She was stricken from the Navy List on 28 May 1948 .
5th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron The 5th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 3d Reconnaissance Group . It was inactivated at Pomigliano Airfield , Italy on 12 September 1945 . History . Established in early 1942 ; trained under First Air Force as an observation squadron . Equipped with O - 59 Grasshopper s and flew observation fights largely over Fort Campbell , Kentucky while Army units were training in ground maneuvers . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in March 1942 ; assigned to Eighth Air Force . Trained with RAF Reconnaissance units , flying photo - recon sweeps over France and the Low Countries , obtaining intelligence information about German defenses along the channel coast . Flew reconnaissance over Dieppe , France prior to August 1942 commando raid using modified P - 38 Lightning ( F - 4 / F - 5 ) aircraft . Deployed to Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) , assigned to Twelfth Air Force in Algeria during November 1942 , shortly after the Operation Torch landings in North Africa . Provided tactical aerial reconnaissance over Algeria and Tunisia during North African Campaign ; over Sicily and Italy in preparation for ground invasions in mid - 1943 . Received long - range B - 25 Mitchell ( F - 10 ) medium bombers equipped for aerial reconnaissance in 1944 . Remained assigned to Twelfth Air Force in Italy , providing tactical aerial reconnaissance support of Allied ground forces during the Italian Campaign , 1943 – 1945 also supported Free French units in the liberation of Corsica , 1944 . Demobilized and inactivated in Italy after the German Capitulation , summer 1945 .
Achelous - class repair ship The " Achelous " - class repair ship was a class of ship built by the US Navy during World War II . As the United States gained experience in amphibious operations , it was realized that some sort of mobile repair facility would be useful for repairing the damage that frequently occurred to smaller vessels such as LCVP ' s ( Landing Craft Vehicle / Personnel ) . The Auxiliary Repair Light ( ARL ) ship was designed to meet this need , and the " Achelous " class was the only class to receive this designation . Description . " Achelous " class vessels were based on the same hull as LST ' s ( Landing Ship , Tank ) which at the time were being produced in large numbers . This hull was thought to be ideal for a ship specializing in the repair of light craft , since it was not overly large and had a shallow draught which would enable it to maneuver into small harbors , rivers and inlets where it could service damaged boats and effect other repairs on location . The conversion from an LST to an " Achelous " class ARL was done mainly by converting the large interior tank deck into a number of different shops and storerooms . Two large cargo booms were added forward , and a large 60 - ton A - frame boom added amidships . The wheelhouse / chart room deck was expanded , and a conning tower added . The first nine units of the class sealed the bow doors of the LST hull . The ship ' s company consisted of the usual LST crew of deck , engineering and communications departments but in addition it had a supply department , plus a repair department consisting of machinery and engine repair , carpentry , electronics repair , and hull repair divisions , giving a ship ' s complement of approximately 250 officers and men in total . After the first nine units were built , the later units had a revised armament as well as retaining the opening bow doors . Operational history . During World War II , the " Achelous " class vessels worked mostly on repairing damaged landing craft , but many continued in service after the war , working again on landing craft during the Korean War and on river craft during the Vietnam War . In all , 39 " Achelous " class repair ships were built between 1943 and 1945 .
Gold Star Wives of America The Gold Star Wives of America was formed before the end of World War II to provide support for the spouses and children of those who lost their lives while serving in the Armed Forces of the United States . The first meeting was on April 5 , 1945 , when four young widows met in Marie Jordan ' s apartment on West 20th Street in New York City . One week later , President Franklin D . Roosevelt died . Shortly thereafter , Eleanor Roosevelt , the widow of the Commander - in - Chief , joined the organization . Mrs . Roosevelt was most helpful in the early days of the organization . She attended meetings , wrote about the organization in her " My Day " column , entertained children of Gold Star Wives at a picnic at her home in Hyde Park , served on the first board of directors , and was one of the original 15 signers when the organization was chartered as a non - profit organization in the State of New York in December 1945 . The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code under Public Law 96 - 497 . History . From the outset , the organization sponsored a variety of activities for the children , and guided them as they formed their own auxiliary of the organization called the Gold Star Sons and Daughters . Gold Star Wives groups were soon organized in other cities throughout the country , and were chartered as chapters of the Gold Star Wives of America , Inc . The Korean War , Vietnam , the Gulf War , Afghanistan and Iraq brought in new groups of widows ( widowers ) . Added to the survivors of service personnel killed in action are thousands who die each year from service connected causes . Remarried widows are eligible for membership . Currently there are members , and local chapters , in all parts of the United States . The country is divided into eight regions . Region conferences are held in the spring where recommendations originate for presentation to the national convention held each year , usually in July . In addition , an Appreciation Award Reception in held in Washington , D . C . in late May honoring those who have shown that they have gratefully remembered those who gave their lives in the service of our country , and their survivors .