naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Shepherds ' Crusade ( 1320 ) The Shepherds ' Crusade of 1320 was a popular movement in northern France aimed to help the Reconquista of Iberia . Causes . The causes are complex , however , at that time a wake of famines had set in related to climatic changes ( the " little ice age " ) and the economic situation for the rural poor had deteriorated . further , there were prophecies and talks about a new crusade . Also , indebtness to Jewish moneylenders had been apparently eliminated with their eviction by Philip the Fair in 1306 ; however , his son Louis X brought them back and became a partner in the recovery of their debts . Beginnings . The crusade started in May 1320 in Normandy , when a teenage shepherd claimed to have been visited by the Holy Spirit , which instructed him to fight the Moors in Iberia . Similar to the 1251 crusade , this movement included mostly young men , women , and children . They marched to Paris to ask Philip V to lead them , but he refused to meet with them at all . While in Paris they liberated prisoners in the Grand Châtelet . Progress . Instead they marched south to Aquitaine , attacking castles , royal officials , priests , and leper s along the way . Their usual targets , however , were Jews , whom they attacked at Saintes , Verdun , Cahors , Albi , and Toulouse , which they reached on June 12 . Pope John XXII , in Avignon , gave orders to stop them . When they eventually crossed into Spain , their attacks on the Jews were well - known , and James II of Aragon vowed to protect his citizens . At first they were prohibited from entering the kingdom at all , but when they did enter in July , James warned all his nobles to make sure the Jews were kept safe . As expected the shepherds did attack some Jews , especially at the fortress of Montclus , where over 300 Jews were killed . James ' s son Alfonso was sent out to bring them under control . Those responsible for the massacre at Montclus were arrested and executed . There were no further incidents and the crusade dispersed . Aftermath . This " crusade " is seen as a revolt against the French monarchy , somewhat like the first Shepherds Crusade . Jews were seen as a symbol of royal power , as they more than any other population relied on the personal protection of the king both in France and in Aragon , and were often a symbol of the royal economy as well , hated by poor and heavily taxed peasants . Only a few years previously , the Jews had been allowed to return to France , after being expelled in 1306 . Any debts owed to the Jews were collected by the monarchy after their expulsion , which probably also contributed to the peasant connection of the Jews with the king . In 1321 , King Philip fined those communities in which Jews had been killed . This led to a second revolt , this time among the urban population , although later chroniclers invented the idea of a " cowherds ' crusade , " a second wave of the Shepherds ' Crusade . Although this never occurred , there were , however , more attacks on Jews as a result of the fines .
Eastern Force Eastern Force was a component of the British Empire s Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Commanded by the Canadian Lieutenant - General Charles Macpherson Dobell , it included a mobile arm called the Desert Column , the ANZAC Mounted Division , the Imperial Mounted Division and the 53rd ( Welsh ) Division under command . Other units assigned were the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade , the 52nd ( Lowland ) Division and the 54th ( East Anglian ) Division .
Terentiy Parafilo Terentiy Mikhaylovich Parafilo ( ; 28 October 1901 – 24 June 1943 ) was a Soviet military leader . Parafilo is primarily remembered for his service during World War II , in which he first participated as commander of a Naval Infantry brigade attached to the Baltic Sea Fleet during Nazi Germany ' s incursion into the Baltics , then as a major general commanding the shore - based 7th Airborne Guards Division of the Soviet Army . Biography . Trentiy Parafilo was born on 28 October 1901 . He enjoyed a long military career , having served in the Soviet Army as a simple soldier long before World War II . In 1940 , Colonel Parafilo was assigned to command the newly formed 1st Naval Infantry Brigade , headquartered in Daugavpils . Following the German Army Group North ' s rapid advances against the surprised Soviet forces during the first stages of Operation Barbarossa , Parafilo ' s brigade , effectively constituting the core of the Soviet defense of the western sector of Tallinn , found itself encircled , but managed to escape successfully . Parafilo was appointed commander of the 7th Airborne Guards Division on 8 December 1942 , participating in countering the German army on the Volkhov Front , formed in order to halt the German advance towards Leningrad . Heavily wounded in the fighting , the major general died on 24 June 1943 .
Alūksne Castle Alūksne Castle ( ; ) is a castle of Teutonic Knights in current Alūksne , North - Eastern Latvia . History . The castle was built in 1342 on the largest of the islands in the Lake Alūksne and called " Marienburg " ( after Mary , the mother of Jesus ) . The first castle was constructed by the Landmeister Burkhard von Dreileben . It was part of a major reinforcement of the Eastern border of Livonia , the same year another major castle nearby ( in Vastseliina ) was founded as well . Soon thereafter , center of komturei was moved from Gaujiena to Alūksne . The strength of the castle was repeatedly proven by repelling a number of attacks in 16th century . Alūksne was captured by the troops of Ivan IV of Russia in 1560 during the Livonian War . It was incorporated into the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1582 . The town became part of the Swedish Empire in 1629 . After the fall of the Old Livonia , the castle remained habitable . It was finally destroyed 1702 in the Great Northern War by its Swedish garrison to avoid falling in the hands of Russians . The ruins remained largely untouched . Today , it houses an open - air scene and forms a part of a recreational area of the Pils ( Castle ) Island . Architecture . The initial castle was built of wood . Later , the outer walls were constructed of fieldstone and the convent house of bricks . The plan is in many ways similar to that of Viljandi Castle , including the convent building with a flanking tower . The outer wall originates partly from the same time as the convent house , partly from later periods , notably from the time of the political tensions in early 16th century . The main gate , protected by two round towers , is also of late medieval origin . Later , at the end of 17th century , the castle was supplied with ravelin es and ramparts .
Harold Chester Thomas Harold Chester Thomas ( 7 May 1907 in Cleo , Oklahoma – 11 / 12 October 1942 ) , enlisted in the U . S . Navy 28 January 1927 . He was appointed Carpenter 8 February 1933 and served in various ships and at Cavite before being commissioned Chief Carpenter 24 March 1939 . Thomas reported to USS " Boise " 14 May 1940 and was appointed Lieutenant ( junior grade ) 1 September 1942 . Heroic actions . During the Battle of Cape Esperance , 11 – 12 October 1942 , " Boise " with three other cruiser s and destroyer s under Rear Admiral Norman Scott , exchanged salvos with enemy cruisers , and was badly hit by gunfire . Lt . ( j . g . ) Thomas lost his life while valiantly working with damage control parties to keep his ship in the battle , and was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously .
Antonio Gutiérrez de Otero y Santayana Antonio Gutiérrez de Otero y Santayana ( May 8 , 1729 – May 14 , 1799 ) was a Spanish Lieutenant General best known for repelling Admiral Nelson ' s attack on Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1797 . He was born in Aranda de Duero , in Old Castile . His father was in the military , and Gutiérrez followed his father ' s footsteps by enlisting as a cadet in the Spanish army at the age of seven . He participated in Spanish military campaigns in Italy , the Falklands , Algiers , and in the blockade of Gibraltar under General Martín Alvarez . Gutiérrez also served as Commander of the island of Minorca . He was named Commander - General of the Canary Islands in 1791 , and assumed this position on January 31 , 1791 ; his predecessor in the position had been the Marquis of Branciforte . During the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife ( 1797 ) , Gutiérrez was suffering from an attack of asthma , but he managed to defeat British forces under Horatio Nelson . Gutiérrez allowed the British to leave with their arms and war honors . As a result of this victory , Gutiérrez was granted the Encomienda of Esparragal in the Order of Alcántara ( a system of endowments ) by Charles IV of Spain . Gutiérrez ' s health continued to suffer and he was afflicted by an attack of paralysis on April 22 , 1799 . He died on May 14 of that year at Santa Cruz de Tenerife , and was buried in the chapel of Saint James the Great ( " Apóstol Santiago " ) in the parish of La Concepción de Santa Cruz de Santiago de Tenerife .
USS Peerless ( AMc - 93 ) USS " Peerless " ( AMc - 93 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Peerless " was laid down 14 April 1941 by Delaware Bay Shipbuilding Co . , Leesburg , New Jersey , launched 9 August 1941 and was placed in service 19 February 1942 . World War II service . The new coastal minesweeper got underway 19 March and trained in Chesapeake Bay out of Yorktown , Virginia . She departed Hampton Roads 12 April for Charleston and left that port for Cuba on the 18th , with . Arriving Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , 23 April , " Peerless " operated in the Caribbean throughout World War II performing minesweeping and inshore patrol duties . The minesweeper was placed out of service and transferred to the War Department at Norfolk , Virginia , 18 March 1946 . " Peerless " was struck from the List of District Craft 28 March 1946 .
Riot shield Riot shields are lightweight protection devices deployed by police and some military organizations . Most are a clear polycarbonate , though some are constructed of light metals with a view hole . Riot shields are almost exclusively long enough to cover an average sized man from the top of the head to the knees . Some riot shields are designed to be bullet resistant against low velocity handgun and shotgun ammunition , but most are not . They are generally intended to be used in riot control , to protect the user from shrapnel , thrown projectiles , and splash from various weapons such as a Molotov coctail . Riot shields are used in almost every country with a standardised police force and are produced by many companies . Many riot shields are constructed from transparent high - impact plastic to enable the bearer to see incoming thrown objects , so the shield can quickly be positioned to deflect them away from the user ' s body
Edward Overton , Jr . Edward Overton , Jr . ( February 4 , 1836 – September 18 , 1903 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Overton was born in Towanda , Pennsylvania . He attended Susquehanna Collegiate Institute in Towanda , and graduated from Princeton College in 1856 . He was a member of Kappa Alpha Society . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1858 and commenced practice in Towanda . He served as solicitor of Bradford County , Pennsylvania , in 1861 . During the American Civil War , Overton entered the Union Army in September 1861 as a major in the Fiftieth Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry . He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1863 and from that time commanded the regiment until mustered out in October 1864 . He served as register in bankruptcy from 1867 to 1876 . Overton was elected as a Republican to the Forty - fifth and Forty - sixth Congresses . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1880 . He resumed the practice of law , and served as president of the Citizens ’ National Bank of Towanda from 1897 until his death in Towanda in 1903 . Interment in Oak Hill Cemetery .
VFW VAK 191B The VFW VAK 191B was an experimental German VTOL nuclear strike fighter of the early 1970s . Designed and built by the Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke ( VFW ) it was intended to lead to a replacement for the Fiat G . 91 . Design and development . The VAK 191B was produced by the German company Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke ( VFW ) . Initially , Fiat of Italy was also involved but dropped out in 1967 , though it remained as a major sub - contractor . VAK was the abbreviation for " Vertikalstartendes Aufklärungs - und Kampfflugzeug " ( V / STOL Reconnaissance and Strike Aircraft ) . Propulsion was provided by a Rolls - Royce / MAN Turbo RB . 193 - 12 vectored thrust engine for both lift and cruise which was augmented by two vertical lift engines . The program was begun in 1962 to replace the Fiat G . 91 ground attack fighter with a VTOL aircraft but NATO requirements changed and it became a technology demonstrator . Three VAK 191B aircraft were flown in the flight test program between 1970 - 1975 making 91 flights . The first hovering flight was made in Bremen on 20 September 1971 . The first transition from vertical flight to horizontal and vice versa was achieved on 26 October 1972 in Munich . The prototypes were used to test some of the concepts in what was to become the Panavia Tornado programme , including ' fly - by - wire ' technology . The VAK 191B was similar in concept to the British Harrier , but was designed for a supersonic dash capability ( Mach 1 . 2 - 1 . 4 ) at medium to high altitudes . It was judged that having a single engine would create too much drag , but the two lift engines were dead weight in cruise , and the small cruise engine gave a poor thrust to weight ratio . It also had very small highly loaded wings . By contrast , the Harrier had a much higher thrust to weight ratio , it was effective as a dogfighter , and had larger wings which were put to good use in rolling short takeoffs .
Thomas Sherwin Thomas Sherwin ( July 11 , 1839 – December 19 , 1914 ) was an American Civil War general and executive . He was the son of educator Thomas Sherwin , master of the English High School of Boston . Sherwin enlisted in the 22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in 1861 as a lieutenant . He was wounded at the Battle of Gaines ' Mill on June 27 , 1862 . On April 3 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Sherwin for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general , United States Volunteers , to rank from March 13 , 1865 , for distinguished gallantry at the battle of Gettysburg and for gallant and meritorious services during the war , The U . S . Senate confirmed the award on May 18 , 1866 .
Gottfried Blocklinger Gottfried Blocklinger was a Rear - admiral in the United States Navy ; Born in Dubuque , Iowa , October 23 , 1847 . Notable achievements include : in 1879 as a Lieutenant , he commanded the survey of the Madeira River , in the Amazon . Was a lieutenant on board the during the " Baltimore " crisis of 1891 . And was the Executive Officer , on board the during the Capture of Guam to the United States during the Spanish – American War in 1898 . Naval career . Acting Midshipman , 22 July 1863 Appointed . from Iowa . , and graduated . United States Naval Academy . , 2 June 1868 Promoted to Ensign , April 19 , 1869 Promoted to Master , July 12 , 1870 Promoted to Lieutenant , April 2 , 1874 Promoted to Lieutenant - Commander . , May 21 , 1895 Promoted to Commander , March 3 , 1899 Promoted to Captain . , June 1 , 1904 Promoted to Rear - admiral , October 30 , 1908 Service Record . 1864 - 69 ; During the American Civil War he was a midshipman . His duties included services on board the in summer of 1864 . And served successively in the Pacific squadron on board the in 1869 , Enterprise , and Adams . 1868 - 82 ; Coast survey 1880 Served aboard the 1885 ; hydrographic office 1883 - 86 ; 1888 - 89 ; insp . 7th light - house dist . , ( the western coast of Florida ) 1890 ; which was assigned to the South Atlantic Station 1891 ; Was transferred to the Yorktown during the " Baltimore " crisis . 1891 - 93 ; , 1893 ; Washington Navy Yard 1893 - 95 ; Executive Officer 1895 - 96 ; Mare Island Naval Shipyard California . 1897 - 99 ; Executive Officer , 1899 - 01 ; Commanding Officer , 1901 ; Commanding Officer 11 May 1901 Assigned to Alert ' — 11 May 1901 , Comdr . Gottfried Blocklinger commanded the vessel and was assigned to the Pacific Station as a training vessel for apprentice sailors . In that capacity the vessel made short cruises along the California coast 1901 , , 1902 , , cruising the waters off the coasts of China , Japan , and Korea 1902 , flagship of the Cruiser Squadron , U . S . Asiatic Fleet , she cruised the Philippines and the China coast . , 1903 ; Navy Yard , Norfolk , Virginia , 1904 ; Navy Yard , New York , 1904 - 06 ; Commanding Officer , At that time , the Illinois was assigned to the North Atlantic . She engaged in fleet maneuvers , gunnery and seamanship training , and ceremonial operations . In 1906 , the Illinois was the first US ship to win the famous Prince Louis Battenberg Cup 1906 - 09 ; Member Naval Examining and Retiring Boards . No officer below the grade of Captain can be promoted to a higher grade until recommended by the Boards . 1909 ; Retired to 1192 Locust St . , Dubuque , Iowa
Battle of Arcis - sur - Aube The Battle of Arcis - sur - Aube ( 20 – 21 March 1814 ) was Napoleon ’ s penultimate battle before his abdication and exile to Elba ( the last was the Battle of Saint - Dizier ) . Encountering Field Marshal Schwarzenberg ' s larger Austrian force , Napoleon Bonaparte withdrew his French army after confused fighting . Background . Faced with converging Allied Armies , Napoleon decided to attack Field Marshal Schwarzenberg ' s Austrian troops before attacking General Blücher ’ s lines of communications on the upper Marne . Battle . Early on 20 March Napoleon set out for Arcis - sur - Aube ( believed to be weakly held by the Austrians ) in order to break out towards the Marne . By 11 : 00 a . m . on 20 March , Marshal Ney and General Sébastiani with 20 , 000 troops had forced Field Marshal Wrede ’ s 43 , 000 troops out of the Town of Arcis in bitter fighting . By 1 : 00 p . m . Napoleon arrived along the northern bank of the Aube River and crossed the bridge . A bitter cavalry action developed in the late afternoon and into the night . On one occasion the Emperor , protected only by a single company of the Polish 1st Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard barely avoided being taken prisoner . During the night Schwarzenberg brought up and deployed 80 , 000 troops to face the French . Napoleon received reinforcements during the night , including units of the Imperial Guard , two cavalry formations , and one division from VIIth Corps commanded by Marshal Oudinot , giving 28 , 000 total troops . Schwarzenberg , suspecting a trap and yet unaware of his numerical advantage , did not attack until 3 : 00 p . m . on 21 March , by which time Napoleon realized he was not facing a small Allied force , broke contact with the enemy and ordered most French troops to recross the Aube River . A French rear guard commanded by Marshal Oudinot , bitterly held off the Austrians until 6 : 00 p . m . , before falling back in good order and blowing the bridge over the Aube River behind them . The Austrians made no effort to pursue the retreating French , overnight the French were able to link up near Ormes with other French forces . Conclusion . The battle cost the French 3 , 000 casualties and the Austrians 4 , 000 casualties . On 25 March the Allies defeated Marshal Marmont and Marshal Mortier at the Battle of Fère - Champenoise , and three days later linked up with Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher at Meaux . The Allies ignored Napoleon ’ s attempts to attack their lines of communications , and marched on Paris , which the Allies occupied on 31 March .
HMS Dundalk ( J60 ) HMS " Dundalk " was a Hunt class minesweeper of the Royal Navy from World War I . In July 1937 " Dundalk " was commissioned for the 3rd Minesweeping Flotilla in Malta . On arrival she was placed in Reserve and recommissioned in 1939 , returning to England to work on the East Coast . On 31 May 1940 " Dundalk " took part in the Dunkirk evacuation to Margate with 500 British troops . She sailed back to Dunkirk and on 1 June was attacked by 12 Messerschmitt aircraft . " Dundalk " then sailed back to Margate giving assistance to the " Havant " en route . She arrived at Margate at 12 . 15 on 1 June and disembarked 280 troops . She returned to Dunkirk , embarked about 450 French troops and arrived back at Folkestone on 3 June . Mined on 16 October 1940 and foundered under tow 17 October 1940 off Harwich at South Cutler Buoy .
Battle of Yaunis Khan The Battle of Yaunis Khan ( ) was fought on October 28 , 1516 between the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate . The Mamluk cavalry forces led by Janbirdi al - Ghazali attacked the Ottomans that were trying to cross Gaza on their way to Egypt . The Ottomans , led by Grand Vizier Hadım Sinan Pasha , were able to break the Egyptian Mamluk cavalry charge . Al - Ghazali was wounded during the confrontation , and the left - over Mamluk forces and their commander Al - Ghazali retreated to Cairo .
RFA Regent ( A486 ) RFA Regent A486 was an ammunition , explosives , and stores supply ship in the ' Royal Fleet Auxiliary ' . She was commissioned in 1967 and took part in the Falklands War . Her part in the Falklands War . After taking on stores at Glen Douglas and Plymouth , RFA " Regent " sailed from Plymouth on 19 April 1982 , arriving in the Total Exclusion Zone . . . ( TEZ ) on 8 May . She spent much of her time with the Carrier Group , replenishing ships in the group , day and night . Surviving at least one Exocet attack , the most publicised was on May 25 , Argentina ' s National Day . She was North East of East Falkland , having just taken part ( or just completing ) a ' Vertrep ' ( ' Vertical Replenishment ' . . . a helicopter stores transfer ) and / or ' RAS ' ( Replenishment at Sea ) with the ' SS Atlantic Conveyor ' ( with whom she had been sailing the same track with all day ) , when the ' Air Raid Warning Red Alarm ' sounded , and the two ships took evasive action . The ' SS Atlantic Conveyor ' was struck by one of the two Exocet Missile ' s launched , ( some have reported two struck , although it is believed the second one flew on a short distance before ditching into the sea ) , ' Chaff ' launched from several ships confused the Exocet ' s , and one of them ( ? ) locked onto the biggest target available on their new course . It was a bad day for ' British Task Force ' , having already lost ' HMS Coventry ' only a few hours before . ' RFA Regent ' carried on supplying the Task Force until the third week of August , becoming one of the longest serving ships that took part in the Conflict . She eventually arrived back in the UK at ( Rosyth , in Scotland ) on 15 September , after 148 days at sea , and replenishing most of the ships in the RN at least once . She had sailed more than 35 , 000 nautical miles . Later service . She helped with the evacuation of British nationals from Cyprus during the Turkish invasion 1974 . She also took part in the first Gulf War 1991 . " Regent " was decommissioned on October 1992 . She sailed from Devonport on 21 January 1993 under the name " Shahzadelal " , for the delivery run to the Indian breakers . She arrived at Alang for scrapping on 19 February 1993 .
Fleurbaix Fleurbaix is a commune in the Pas - de - Calais department in the Nord - Pas - de - Calais region of France . Geography . A farming village some northeast of Béthune and west of Lille , at the junction of the D176 and the D171 roads , at the border with the department of Nord . A Stream , the " Becque du Biez " , flows through the commune .