naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Department of Miscellaneous Weapons Development The Department of Miscellaneous Weapons Development ( DMWD ) , known colloquially as the " Wheezers and Dodgers " , was a department of the Admiralty responsible for the development of various unconventional weapons during World War II . The nickname was derived from their original title , the Inspectorate of Anti - Aircraft Weapons and Devices , IAAWD , ( an office of Admiral Somerville ) which was corrupted to " Instigator of Anti - Aircraft Wheezes and Dodges " . Charles Goodeve was responsible for its expansion from an Inspectorate and widening of its role . The Directors of the Miscellaneous Weapons Development were firstly Captain G . O . C . Davies ( known as Jock Davies ) who came from the Ministry of Supply who was succeeded in 1943 by Captain F . W . H . Jeans , who came from the Admiralty in Washington . ( 1 ) ( 5 ) . Among the staff was Lieutenant - Commander N . S . Norway , RNVR ( better known by his pen name - Nevil Shute ) , Lt - Cdr Edward Terrell RNVR who developed Plastic Armour and left in late 1941 to join the First Sea Lord ' s staff , renowned motor racing photographer Louis Klementaski and Barnes Wallis . Projects . DMWD was responsible for a number of devices of varying practicality and success , many of which were based on solid fuel rocket propulsion . As might be expected of a small , dynamic and highly experimental group , their output encompassed both resounding successes and sublimely comical failures , notable among which were the Panjandrum rocket - propelled beach defence demolition weapon and Hajile , a rocket - powered alternative to parachutes for dropping materiel . A scheme to camouflage bodies of water , used as navigation markers by bombers , was undertaken by a group named " Kentucky Minstrels " . It involved spreading coal dust from a ship , ironically named " HMS Persil " . The scheme failed due to the actions of wind and tide but did produce some confusion when the coal - covered waters were mistaken for tarmac in the blackout . Its successful and important developments included the Hedgehog anti - submarine weapon and Squid anti - submarine mortar , as well as the Harvey Projector , the development of an Army anti - aircraft rocket battery designed to be mountable on naval vessels , and the system of degaussing used to protect ships against magnetic mine s , and above all an instrumental role in developing parts of the Mulberry harbour used in the D - Day landings . Hedgehog was developed after the Lt - Col Blacker ' s spigot mortar weapons were shown to the DMWD by MD1 ( " Churchill ' s Toyshop " ) . Several experimental weapons were trialled at Brean Down Fort , a satellite unit of HMS " Birnbeck " ( Birnbeck pier taken over as a base for DMWD ) in Weston - super - Mare , North Somerset . Some of the better known weapons trialled were the seaborne Bouncing bomb designed specifically to bounce to a target such as across water to avoid torpedo net s , Anti - submarine missile AMUCK and the expendable acoustic emitter ( designed to confuse noise seeking torpedoes ) .
The 13th Scottish Light Dragoons The 13th Scottish Light Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the Canadian Army . Originally founded as the " 52nd Bedford Battalion of Infantry " in Knowlton , Quebec on 14 September 1866 , the unit was re - designated the " 52nd Brome Battalion " in 1872 . Thereafter , the " 52nd Brome Battalion " and the " 79th Shefford Regiment " were amalgamated to form the " 79th Shefford and Brome Regiment ( Highlanders ) . " This regiment was not associated with the " 79th Cameron Highlanders of Canada . " The regiment was amalgamated with 52nd Regiment ( Brome Light Infantry ) in 1901 under the 79th ' s name and then converted to cavalry in 1904 under its then - current name . The regiment suffered heavy casualties during the First World War and was re - organized in 1921 . The regiment was disbanded in 1936 . Dress . The 13th Scottish Light Dragoons wore a blue cap c / w diced border , scarlet dragoon tunic , and blue pantaloons c / w yellow stripe .
Harold Raymond Kingsmill Bates Harold Raymond Kingsmill " Barehands " Bates DSC ( 3 November 1916 – 9 May 2006 ) was an officer in the Royal Navy . His father was the Rector of Horsington , Lincolnshire . He was educated at St Michael ' s College , Tenbury Wells , Worcestershire , and at Magdalen College , Oxford University . After having built a crystal radio receiver at the age of ten , Bates further developed his lifelong love for radio . He joined the British Merchant Navy , but transferred to the Royal Navy in 1939 on the outbreak of war . He saw active service in the Battle of the Atlantic and convoyed merchant and troop ships in the Mediterranean Sea and during the North Africa landings . On 26 December 1943 , Bates was the electrical officer aboard , the flagship of Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser , when the ship was in pursuit of the German battleship , which had sailed out of port in Norway to attack a Russia n convoy . At one point , a German shell exploded near Bates ' s position near the antenna mast . The explosion moved the " Duke of York ' s " radar antenna out of alignment . In a winter force 8 gale , Bates climbed the mast to realign the antenna . The British ship sank the German ship , and Bates was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross . Dubbed " Barehands Bates " by the British press , the young officer became a national hero . As radar was virtually unknown to the general public at the time , images depicted him holding two electrical cables together with his bare hands . He was aboard and witnessed the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay in 1945 . He then commanded a landing party to find prisoner of war camps and release the prisoners . As a Royal Navy Captain , Bates served as Assistant Director of Royal Naval Intelligence , and later as Deputy Director of the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment . Following the war , Bates specialized in the radar control of guns and missiles , and oversaw the development and testing of the Medium Range System Mark 3 ( MRS3 ) , an automatic radar control system for ships ' guns . He retired from the Royal Navy in 1969 after thirty years service , purchasing a filling station in Trowbridge , Wiltshire . During the last two years of his life , Bates lived in a nursing home in Skegness , Lincolnshire , where he died .
Suncheon Japanese Castle Suncheon Japanese Castle , also known as Suncheon Waeseong ( 순천왜성 , 順天倭城 ) , Yegyo ( 예교 , 曳橋 ) , Manghaedae ( 망해대 , 望海臺 ) , in Korean , Juntenjō ( 順天城 ) in Japanese , is the only remaining Japanese castle in Jeollanam - do , and the battlefield of Yi Sun - sin who tempted Konishi Yukinaga from here to Noryang Point known as Battle of Noryang Point . History . The castle was built by the Japanese generals Ukita Hideie and Tōdō Takatora as an outpost during the second invasion of Korea in 1597 . The castle was constructed using mud and stone with a footprint of 120 , 600 ㎡ for the outside castle ( Hangul : 외성 ) 2502m for the inside castle ( Hangul : 내성 ) 1342m . The site consists of 3 outside mud castles ( Hangul : 외곽성 or 토석성 ) , 3 main stone castles ( Hangul : 본성 석성 ) and 12 castle gates . It is the only castle preserved among 26 Japanese castles in the southern region . The Japanese general Konishi Yukinaga stayed in this castle with 14 , 000 troops to fight on two occasions against Joseon and Ming ( China ) allied forces .
Thomas Eadie Thomas Eadie ( April 8 , 1887 – November 14 , 1974 ) was a United States Navy diver and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor . Biography . Thomas Eadie was born on April 8 , 1887 in Glasgow , Scotland . He enlisted in the Navy in 1909 and eventually became a Gunner ' s Mate and was also trained as a diver . While serving as a Chief Gunner ' s Mate in the 1920s , he assisted in salvage work on the sunken submarine s and , receiving the Navy Cross for each operation , and the Medal of Honor for extraordinary heroism in rescuing a fellow diver on the " S - 4 " on December 18 , 1927 . Eadie retired from active duty in 1939 , but returned to service during World War II , receiving appointment as Chief Gunner ( Warrant Officer ) . He later became a commissioned officer and retired in the rank of lieutenant . Thomas Eadie died at Brockton , Massachusetts , on November 14 , 1974 and was buried in Island Cemetery annex in Newport , Rhode Island . Award citations . Medal of Honor citation . The official Medal of Honor citation for Chief Gunner ' s Mate Thomas Eadie is as follows : For display of extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession above and beyond the call of duty on 18 December 1927 , during the diving operations in connection with the sinking of the U . S . S . " S - 4 " with all on board , as a result of a collision off Provincetown , Mass . On this occasion when MICHELS , Chief Torpedoman , United States Navy , while attempting to connect an air line to the submarine at a depth of 102 feet became seriously fouled , EADIE , under the most adverse diving conditions , deliberately , knowingly and willingly took his own life in his hands by promptly descending to the rescue in response to the desperate need of his companion diver . After two hours of extremely dangerous and heartbreaking work , by his cool , calculating and skillful labors , he succeeded in his mission and brought MICHELS safely to the surface . 1st Navy Cross . The official citation for Chief Gunner ' s Mate Thomas Eadie ' s first Navy Cross is as follows : For extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty on the occasion of the salvaging of the U . S . S . " S - 51 " . 2nd Navy Cross . The official citation for Chief Gunner ' s Mate Thomas Eadie ' s second Navy Cross is as follows : For extraordinary heroism and fearless devotion to duty during the diving operations in connection with the salvage of the U . S . S . " S - 4 " sunk as a result of a collision off Provincetown , Massachusetts , 17 December 1927 . During the period , 17 December 1927 to 17 March 1928 , on which latter date the ill - fated vessel was raised , Eadie , under the most adverse weather conditions , at the risk of his life , descended many times into the icy waters and displayed throughout that fortitude , skill , determination and courage which characterizes conduct above and beyond the call of duty . In addition to the above , Eadie also received the Navy Good Conduct Medal , Victory Medal , American Campaign Medal and World War Two Victory Medal .
Erwin Planck Erwin Planck ( 12 March 1893 – 23 January 1945 ) was a German politician , and a resistance fighter in the Third Reich . Biography . Born in Berlin , Erwin Planck was theoretical physicist Max Planck ' s and his first wife ' s fourth child . After his " Abitur " in 1911 , Planck went into the military and pursued a career as an officer . In the First World War , Erwin rather quickly found himself a prisoner of the French in 1914 . After he came back to Germany after the war ended , he was active on the General Staff , where he met Major Kurt von Schleicher for the first time . They would become lifelong friends . Schleicher , who headed the political branch , called Planck into the Reich Defence Ministry in 1920 and sent him as a liaison man to the Reich Chancellery , where he also became a government advisor after he left the Reichswehr in 1926 . In 1932 , he became Secretary of State under Franz von Papen , and later also Schleicher in the Reich Chancellor ' s Office . After Hitler seized power in 1933 , Planck left government work and went to East Asia for a year . Shortly after he came back to Germany , Schleicher was shot by the Gestapo . Planck tried in vain to get an explanation for his friend ' s murder . In 1936 , Planck changed career paths and went into business , becoming a leading employee at the Otto - Wolff - Konzern , a large conglomerate , in Cologne . In 1939 , he took over leadership of the Berlin branch office . In August 1939 , a group including Prussia n Finance Minister Johannes Popitz , Planck , and Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht approached General Georg Thomas , head of the Defence Economy and Armament Office asking him to do something to thwart the outbreak of the forthcoming war . He agreed to write a memorandum to his superior , Wilhelm Keitel , head of the " Oberkommando der Wehrmacht " in which he stated that a war against Poland would set off a world war that Germany could not win owing to massive supply ( logistics ) problems . However , Keitel tried to allay Thomas ' s fears by telling him that the Führer was planning no such war . Such a war , of course , began the very next month . In 1940 , Planck , Popitz , Ulrich von Hassell and Ludwig Beck drafted a " Provisional Constitution " on the assumption that the West ' s forthcoming attack would overthrow Hitler . Even afterwards , Planck vainly stayed in the resistance against the régime and was involved in the July 20 plot . This led to his arrest on 23 July 1944 , after which he was taken to the Gestapo ' s " Reichssicherheitshauptamt " ( RSHA ) . Planck was sentenced to death by the " Volksgerichtshof " and executed on 23 January 1945 at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin . Memorial plaque . A memorial plaque to Erwin Planck and two others can be found at his old school , the " Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium " in the Berlin borough of Wilmersdorf , Bundesallee 1 - 12 .
XIX ( 2nd Royal Saxon ) Corps The XIX ( 2nd Royal Saxon ) Army Corps / XIX AK ( ) was a Saxon corps level command of the German Army , before and during World War I . As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th Century and early part of the 20th Century , the XIX Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Leipzig as the " Generalkommando " ( headquarters ) for the western part of the Kingdom of Saxony ( districts of Leipzig , Chemnitz and Zwickau ) . It took over command of 24th ( 2nd Royal Saxon ) Division from XII ( 1st Royal Saxon ) Corps and the newly formed 40th ( 4th Royal Saxon ) Division . It was assigned to the II Army Inspectorate which formed the predominantly Saxon 3rd Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 19th Army , " Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg " on the Western Front . Peacetime organisation . The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army ( Guards , I - XXI , I - III Bavarian ) had a reasonably standardised organisation . Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades , one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each . Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type , so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry , 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments . There were exceptions to this rule : Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units . This could include one or more World War I . Organisation on mobilisation . On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured . 40th Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the 8th Cavalry Division and the 24th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters . In summary , XIX Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions , 9 machine gun companies ( 54 machine guns ) , 8 cavalry squadrons , 24 field artillery batteries ( 144 guns ) , 4 heavy artillery batteries ( 16 guns ) , 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , XIX Corps was assigned to the predominately Saxon 3rd Army forming part of the right wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 on the Western Front . It spent the entire war on the Western Front . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 19th Army , " Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg " . Commanders . The XIX Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
German submarine U - 827 German submarine " U - 827 " was a Type VIIC / 41 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during the Second World War . She was ordered on 8 June 1942 , laid down on 7 August 1943 in Danzig , East Prussia . She had two commanders , from 25 May 1944 to March 1945 it was " Kapitänleutnant " Wilhelm Hunck and then , from 26 April 1945 to 5 May 1945 , she had " Kapitänleutnant " Kurt Baberg . The U - boat saw no action and was scuttled on 5 May 1945 in Flensburg Fjord . The wreck was broken up in 1948 .
Thorakites The Thorakites ( plural : Thorakitai ) was a soldier similar to thureophoroi . The literal translation of the term is " cuirassiers " , which suggests that they may have worn a short Celtic mail shirt or possibly a thorax . Role . Thorakitai were used in armies of the Hellenistic Period in a variety of tactical situations . They were a type of armoured but mobile infantry who did not require a rigid formation to be effective in combat . From their name we can deduce that most wore armor and helmet . They bore a thureos ( or thyreos ) , an oblong shield , and were armed with sword , javelins and spear , which were used according to their tactical use . It seems that the thorakitai were heavily armored thureophoroi , able to bear spears and do battle in a phalanx as well as irregularly attack the enemy in situations when such an action was required for tactical reasons , like to exploit or challenge rough terrain . History . Thorakitai are mentioned in the army of the Achaian League and in the Seleucid army . The Seleucid Thorakitai were used in the storming of the Elburz Range in 210 BC under Antiochus III . They were used with the lighter troops to climb the cliffs and fight hand to hand with the enemy who might have not been dislodged by the lighter troops in the assault . There is a tomb illustration from Sidon showing what could well be a thorakites . The fragmentary inscription indicates that he was an Anatolian .
SM UB - 25 SM " UB - 25 " was a German Type UB II submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 30 April 1915 and launched on 9 October 1915 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 December 1915 as SM " UB - 25 " . The submarine was lost in a collision with in Kiel harbour on 17 March 1917 . She was raised on 22 March 1917 by the salvage ship and served on as a training boat until she was surrendered to Britain in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany on 26 November 1918 . " UB - 25 " was finally broken up in Canning Town in 1922 .
RDS - 4 RDS - 4 ( also known as Tatyana ) was a Soviet nuclear bomb . It was the Soviet Union ' s first mass - produced tactical nuclear weapon . It used a plutonium implosion assembly and had a nominal yield of 30 kilotons . The bomb was delivered from a Tu - 4 and Tu - 16 aircraft . It was first tested at Semipalatinsk Test Site , on August 23 , 1953 . The bomb was dropped from an IL - 28 aircraft at an altitude of 11 km and exploded at 600 m , with a yield of 28 kt .
Friedrich Hochbaum Friedrich Hochbaum ( 7 August 1894 – 28 January 1955 ) was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Friedrich Hochbaum was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945 and died in captivity on 28 January 1955 .
9th Indian Infantry Brigade The 9th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . Before the war the 9th ( Jhansi ) Infantry Brigade was a peacetime formation in Meerut district . This brigade was redesignated the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade and a new 9th Brigade was then formed all in September 1939 . The new brigade was assigned to the 5th Indian Infantry Division in June 1940 to January 1944 . It then spent February attached to the 7th Indian Infantry Division before returning to the 5th Division . The brigade spent two other short periods away from the 5th Division it was attached to the 17th Indian Infantry Division between March and April 1945 and was with the 19th Indian Infantry Division in April 1945 , and returned to the 5th for the rest of the war .
Harry A . Sieben Harry A . " Tex " Sieben , Jr . ( born November 24 , 1943 ) is an American politician from the Democratic - Farmer - Labor Party ( DFL ) and a former Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives . He is currently a founding partner of personal injury law firm Sieben , Grose , Von Holtum & Carey and is a retired Major General in the Minnesota Air National Guard . Sieben was born in Hastings , Minnesota and attended Hastings High School . He earned his B . A . in business administration from Winona State College ( now Winona State University ) in 1965 , and J . D . from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1968 . He joined the law firm of Matt , Grose , Von Holtum and Sieben ( now Sieben , Grose , Von Holtum & Carey ) until he was elected to the Minnesota House in 1970 as a member of the Nonpartisan Election - Liberal Caucus , but later joined the DFL . He served 14 years in the Legislature , serving as Speaker of the House between 1981 – 84 . In 1985 he rejoined his previous law firm and works in private practice . In 1968 , Sieben joined the United States Army Reserve , where he served seven years with the Military Intelligence Branch working as a Morse code intercept operator and platoon leader . He then received a direct commission in the Minnesota Air National Guard in April 1975 . He served in the Judge Advocate General ' s Corps for the 133rd Airlift Wing , 148th Fighter Wing and Headquarters Minnesota Air National Guard . In 1990 , he was appointed as the state judge advocate for the Minnesota National Guard . In 1997 he was promoted to Brigadier General and assistant adjutant general in the Minnesota Air National Guard , and later as acting Adjutant General for the State of Minnesota . He was promoted to Major General in 2003 . After retiring from the military , Sieben became a Civilian Aide to the Secretary of the Army for Minnesota on October 27 , 2006 . Sieben is married to wife , Virginia , and has two children and two stepchildren . Both his brother , Michael Sieben , and niece , Katie Sieben , have served in the Minnesota State Legislature .
Albanian Land Force The Albanian Land Force ( ALF ) ( ( FTSH ) ) is the most important branch of the Albanian Armed Forces . They are composed of : the Rapid Reaction Brigade plus a Commando Regiment , and the Area Support Brigade . Part of the structure of the Albanian Commando Regiment is the Special Operations Battalion or commonly known as BOS . BOS is a special forces unit and the most elite unit in Albanian Armed Forces .
USS PGM - 2 USS " PGM - 2 " was a " PGM - 1 " class motor gunboat that served in the United States Navy during World War II . She was originally laid down as an " SC - 497 " class submarine chaser on 6 July 1942 by the Robinson Marine Construction Company in Benton Harbor , Michigan and launched on 17 June 1943 . She was commissioned as USS " SC - 757 " on 12 August 1943 . She was later converted to a " PGM - 1 " class motor gunboat and renamed " PGM - 2 " on 10 December 1943 . After the war she was sold and transferred to the Foreign Liquidations Commission at Subic Bay , Philippines on 20 May 1947 . Her exact fate is unknown .
Glendale National Cemetery Glendale National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Richmond , in Henrico County , Virginia . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 had 2 , 064 interments . It is closed to new interments . History . Glendale National Cemetery was established on May 7 , 1866 , and named after a farmstead that was on the property at the time . The original interments were the remains of Union soldiers who died at the Battle of Malvern Hill and other nearby American Civil War battlefields . Glendale National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 .