naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS C25 HMS " C25 " was a British C class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . She was laid down on 27 February 1908 and was commissioned on 28 May 1909 . Service history . HMS " C25 " was machine - gunned and bombed by a squadron of five German seaplane s off Harwich east of Orford Ness on 6 July 1918 , after being caught on the surface . Several rounds killed the commanding officer , Lieut . David Courtenay Bell ( Aged 23 ) , and three lookouts on the conning tower . One of the bodies blocked the conning towers hatch so she was unable to dive . The first Lieutenant , Sub - Lieut . Ronald M . Cobb , and two engine room artificers cut off the leg of one of the bodies with a hacksaw to free the hatch . Another two crew members died while trying to close the hatch . The holes in the pressure hull were plugged by clothes and luckily , was able to tow " C25 " . The seaplanes returned re - armed and ready to attack again , but they were driven off by the arrival of the , . HMS " C25 " was sold on 5 December 1921 .
Chilean cruiser Ministro Zenteno ( 1896 ) Ministro Zenteno was a protected cruiser of the Chilean Navy . Service history . " Ministro Zenteno " was laid down in 1895 for the Brazilian Navy , but was sold in August 1895 to the Chilean government . The ship was launched in 1896 . It was one of four protected cruisers ordered by Brazil , but they eventually acquired only " Almirante Barroso " due to financial difficulties . The sister ships " Amazonas " , later USS " New Orleans " , " Almirante Abreu " , later " Albany " were purchased by the US Navy . " Ministro Zenteno " attended the Pan - American Conference in Mexico in 1901 . In 1907 she sailed off Valparaíso for a training cruise bound for Punta Arenas , Bahía , La Guaira , Bermudas , Hampton Roads , Annapolis , Newport , Plymouth , Brest , El Ferrol , Lisboa , Argel , Malta , Spezia , Genova , Barcelona , Cartagena , Gibraltar , Santa Cruz de Tenerife , Río de Janeiro , Buenos Aires , Puerto Madryn , Punta Arenas , Puerto Montt , Talcahuano , and back to Valparaíso on 8 December 1907 .
3rd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery The 3rd Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery was a unit that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was organized from already mustered unattached companies of heavy artillery raised for the defenses of the Massachusetts coast . History . Beginning in January 1863 , and continuing until early 1864 , twelve companies of heavy artillery were raised in Massachusetts and mustered into service to garrison the military forts along the coast of the state . The units were designated " unattached " as they did not belong to a particular regiment . In the spring of 1864 , the 3rd Unattached Company , along with the 6th through 12th , were ordered to Washington , DC , where they were to garrison the forts protecting the capital . Massachusetts ' Governor Andrew called for the companies to be given regimental status , and when it was granted , several other companies since raised were sent to Washington to complete its complement , and was officially made a regiment in the fall of 1864 . Except for Company I , the regiment continued with its duty of manning forts in the vicinity of the capital . A portion of the regiment was mustered out on 17 June 1865 , while the remaining companies served until 18 September . Company I The 13th Unattached Company , which later became Company I , had been recruited in Springfield , MA and was largely composed of mechanics who were employed at the city ' s National Armory . Because of their engineering skills , they were detached from the regiment and attached to the Army of the James , and were engaged in building bridges and roads . During the Siege of Petersburg , they were in charge of holding the pontoon bridge placed across the James River . They were the last men of the regiment to be mustered out , doing so on 26 September 1865 . The Unattached Companies . The other unattached heavy artillery companies raised in Massachusetts , the 1st , 2nd , 4th and 5th , had become the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery in 1863 . Complement . The regiment consisted of 94 officers and 1803 enlisted men . Losses . Two officers and 39 enlisted men died from disease or accident . None were killed in action .
50th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 50th Infantry Division ( German : " 50 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a German division in World War II . It was formed on 26 August 1939 from the Grenzkommandantur Küstrin . Orders of Battle . 50 . Infanterie - Division 1945 . The unit was destroyed in the Heiligenbeil Pocket .
SM U - 17 ( Germany ) SM " U - 17 " was a German submarine during World War I . " U - 17 " sank the first British merchant vessel in the First World War , and also sank another nine ships and captured one ship , surviving the war without casualty . War service . On , Oberleutnant zur See Johannes Feldkirchener was given command of " U - 17 " . On 20 October , " U - 17 " stopped the 866 ton off the Norwegian coast , and having searched her cargo , ordered the crew to the lifeboats before scuttling the vessel . On 26 October , " U - 17 " torpedoed the French ferry in the Strait of Dover . The vessel made port before sinking , with the loss of 40 lives out of over 2 , 500 on board . On the command of " U - 17 " passed to Kapitänleutnant Hans Walther . On , " U - 17 " chased and torpedoed the off the coast of Scotland . The crew escaped on lifeboats while the vessel was scuttled and sunk . Walther ' s command ended on and the next day " U - 17 " joined the Training Flotilla . Post war . " U - 17 " was decommissioned on and sold for scrapping .
Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps The Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps is a corps of the New Zealand Army , the land branch of the New Zealand Defence Force . The Medical Corps provides for the medical needs of soldiers , such as diagnosing and treating diseases and injuries . Medical personnel are part of almost all Army exercises and operations . Medical training for the entire NZDF ( New Zealand Defence Force ) is conducted at Defence Health School , Burnham Army Camp and all medics enlisted in the Army , Navy or Air Force are sent there for training . Medics first year involves studying for the Diploma in Paramedic Science run in conjunction with AUT University ' s Faculty of health Sciences . They then carry on and complete a Graduate Diploma of Health Science ( Military medic ) , which equates to and is credited towards 2 / 3 of a Paramedicine Bachelors Degree . This is a total of 2 1 / 2 years of intensive training ( both academic and practical ) and includes work experience in military and civilian hospitals , emergency departments and ambulance services . There is a strong focus on Primary Health Care and diagnostics along with advanced emergency skills . After their training , medics are then posted to their respective camps and bases . Most rapidly gain overseas operational experience with the NZDF within a short time and become proficient and experienced across a wide range of pre - hospital environments . Medics can continue onto a range of degree or graduate level qualifications when their workload permits . The RNZAMC also employs a wide range of other medical specialists from Doctors through to radiographers , environmental health officers and other health professionals .
USS Buckley ( DE - 51 ) USS " Buckley " ( DE / DER - 51 ) , a of the United States Navy , was named in honor of Ordnanceman John D . Buckley ( 1920 – 1941 ) , who was killed in action during the Japan ese attack on the Hawaiian Islands . " Buckley " was launched on 9 January 1943 by Bethlehem - Hingham Shipyard , Inc . , Hingham , Massachusetts , sponsored by Mrs . James Buckley , mother of Aviation Ordnanceman Buckley ; and commissioned on 30 April 1943 with Lieutenant Commander A . W . Slayden in command . Service history . Between July 1943 and 22 April 1944 , " Buckley " operated along the eastern seaboard as training ship for prospective officers and nucleus crews of other destroyer escorts . On 22 April 1944 , she joined hunter - killer Task Group 21 . 11 ( TG 21 . 11 ) for a sweep of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean convoy routes . On the morning of 6 May , aircraft from the escort carrier reported an enemy submarine near " Buckley " . She steamed toward the surfaced submarine , evading her torpedo es and gunfire , and commenced firing . , At 0328 " BUCKLEY " rammed the German submarine and then backed off . Shortly thereafter , the submarine struck " BUCKLEY " , opening a hole in the escort vessel ' s starboard side . Hand to hand combat ensued between crewmembers of the two combatants . The " U - 66 " drew astern of " Buckley " and sank at 0341 in . " BUCKLEY " picked up 36 German survivors and then retired to New York where she underwent repairs until 14 June 1944 . For this most interesting action , regarded by several high naval officers as being the most " exciting " anti - submarine kill in the battle of the atlantic , BUCKLEY personnel were authorized to wear a combat star in the European - African Theatre ribbon . The then commanding officer , Lt . Comdr . Brent M . Abel , USNR , of Cambridge , Mass . , was awarded the Navy Cross for his part in its execution . After completing refresher training at Casco Bay , Maine , in July 1944 , " Buckley " escorted two convoys to North Africa ( 14 July – 7 November 1944 ) . She then operated on anti - submarine and convoy escort duty along the eastern seaboard and in the North Atlantic until June 1945 . During this period " Buckley " and sank the on 19 April 1945 in . " Buckley " escorted one more convoy to Algeria during June – July 1945 , and upon her return to the east coast , she commenced conversion to a picket ship . In October 1945 , she participated in the Navy Day ceremonies at Jacksonville , Florida , and then on 31 October reported to the 16th Fleet at St . Johns River , Florida . " Buckley " was placed out of commission in reserve on 3 July 1946 . On 26 April 1949 her classification was changed to DER - 51 , and on 29 September 1954 , she was reclassified back to DE - 51 . " Buckley " was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1968 ; she was sold for scrapping July 1969 . Awards . " Buckley " received the Navy Unit Commendation for sinking " U - 66 " and three battle star s for her World War II service . References . A 1 / 249 scale plastic model kit of the USS Buckley is available by Revell Models .
Alex Penkala Private First Class Alex M . Penkala , Jr . ( 1924 - January 10 , 1945 ) was a paratrooper with Easy Company , 2nd Battalion , 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , in the 101st Airborne Division during World War II . Penkala was portrayed in the HBO miniseries " Band of Brothers " by Tim Matthews . Penkala ' s life story was featured in the 2010 book A Company of Heroes : Personal Memories about the Real Band of Brothers and the Legacy They Left Us . Youth . Penkala was born in South Bend , Indiana in 1924 . His parents emigrated to the US from Poland in 1907 . He had 12 brothers and sisters . His mother died when she had her thirteenth child , and Alex ' s sister , Irene , looked after Alex and the others . He dropped out of high school during his sophomore year . Enlisting in the army on February 27 , 1942 at Toledo , Ohio , he became a cook . He volunteered for the paratroops of the United States Army , after his friends in the cook school told him about the unit . Military service . In August 1942 after training in Camp Toccoa , Georgia , Penkala made his first combat jump on June 6 , 1944 ( D - Day ) as part of Operation Overlord . In September 1944 , he jumped into the occupied Netherlands as part of Operation Market Garden , which eventually failed . After being pulled off the line , Easy Company returned to France , where they were transported to Bastogne , Belgium to fight in the Battle of the Bulge . Alex Penkala was killed in action , just outside the Belgian town of Foy , by fire from German artillery . His friend Sergeant Warren " Skip " Muck was in the same foxhole at the time and was also killed . Penkala is buried at the American cemetery in Hamm , Luxembourg .
Tedbury Camp Tedbury Camp is a multivallate Iron Age promontory hill fort defended by two parallel banks near Great Elm , Somerset , England . Background . Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age , roughly the start of the first millennium BC . The reason for their emergence in Britain , and their purpose , has been a subject of debate . It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe , sites built by invaders , or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture . The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain . Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze , and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status . Power passed into the hands of a new group of people . Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " [ the forts ] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [ of an increasing population ] burst out into open warfare . But I wouldn ' t see them as having been built because there was a state of war . They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed , but this was not the only , or even the most significant , factor in their construction " . Description . The inner bank is to wide and stand to high in places . There may have been a third bank . It covers an area of approximately between the Mells River and Fordbury Water . It is also a site of Roman occupation between 337 and 366 which left behind a hoard of Constantine Junior coins which were found in 1691 . Further excavations and explorations of the site were carried out in the 19th and 20th centuries , with a Quern - stone being discovered between 1939 and 1945 . A quarry north east of the camp actively extracted carboniferous limestone in the 20th century and demonstrates geological unconformity .
Lord Claud Hamilton ( 1889 – 1975 ) Lord Claud Nigel Hamilton , GCVO , CMG , DSO ( 10 November 1889 – 2 August 1975 ) was a British soldier and courtier . Lord Claud was the youngest son of James Hamilton , 2nd Duke of Abercorn and was educated at Wellington College . In 1907 , he joined the 3rd Battalion ( Lothian Regiment ) of the Scots Guards as a Second Lieutenant and transferred to the Grenadier Guards in 1909 . In 1908 , he was promoted to Captain and during World War I , was mentioned in despatches in 1914 for having " commanded a machine - gun for five days and nights without relief " and made a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order . In 1916 , he was made an MVO and in 1918 , an Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy and awarded the Croix de guerre . A year later , he was employed as an equerry to Edward , Prince of Wales and made a CMG in 1920 for services to The Prince on his overseas visits . In 1921 , Lord Claud was promoted as Deputy Master of the Household , made an Extra Equerry to King George V a year later and an Equerry in 1924 . In 1932 , he was promoted to a CVO and a GCVO in 1937 . In 1936 , he was one of the escorters of the gun carriage at the King ' s funeral and became Queen Mary ' s Comptroller , Treasurer and Extra Equerry that year . He served in these offices until her death in 1953 , when he became an Extra Equerry to Elizabeth II until his own death in 1975 .
Wolf pack Wolf Wolf was a wolf pack of German U - boat s that operated from 13 July to 1 August 1942 , attacking Convoy ON - 113 in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II . They sank two ships sunk totalling and damaged another ( ) . Ships hit by this wolfpack . British Merit . The 8 , 093 ton British tanker " British Merit " was hit at 03 : 52 hours on 25 July , by a torpedo ( one of two ) fired by . One man was killed by the explosion and another seriously injured . Two lifeboats with 32 men aboard were launched , and were picked up by , while the Master and 21 men remained aboard . The tug took her into St . Johns , arriving on 2 August . Broompark . " U - 552 " struck again at 04 : 09 hours on 25 July , hitting the 5 , 136 ton British merchant ship " Broompark " . The ship was taken in tow by the tug , but sank on 28 July about 50 miles south - west of St . Johns . The Master and three men were lost , while 38 men and 7 gunners were picked up by HMCS " Brandon " . Empire Rainbow . At 07 . 57 hours on 26 July the 6 , 942 ton British merchant ship " Empire Rainbow " was hit and damaged by a torpedo fired by . A few minutes later , at 08 . 11 , the ship was hit again this time by a torpedo fired by , which sank her . The entire crew ; Master , 38 men and 8 gunners were picked up by and .
Aristander Aristander of Telmessos ( ; born ca . 380 BCE , fl . 2nd half of 4th century BCE ) , a Greek from Caria , was Alexander the Great ' s favorite seer . Aristander was already in Philip ' s entourage in 357 / 6 , when he correctly interpreted a dream as revealing Olympias ' pregnancy . The ancient sources place him interpreting omen s from the conqueror ' s birth to his death . Although details are variously given , and some incidents are fictitious , Aristander was clearly an influential presence during Alexander ' s campaigns , and played an important role in uplifting the morale of the Macedonian army . There are indications he wrote divinatory works , either before , during or after the expedition , although it is also possible these works were spuriously attributed . Aristander ' s writings . Writings by Aristander are attested by : Pliny the Elder ( " Natural History " 17 ) ; Artemidorus ( " Interpretation of Dreams " 1 . 31 , 4 . 23 - 24 ) ; Origen ( " Contra Celsum " 6 . 8 . 10 ) ; see Lucian ( citation missing ) . It is possible that Aristander ' s writings were , instead , a product of an Aristandrian " school . " Aristander ' s home town , Telmessus in Caria ( modern Fethiye ) , was a proverbial font of seers . There may be some connection between the two items of " Successor Propaganda " ( 18 – 19 , favoring Lysimachus and Ptolemy ) and the rule of Ptolemy I Epigone as dynast in Telmessos . Ptolemy as the son of Lysimachus inherited his father ' s claims , but eventually made peace with Ptolemy III Euergetes and the Ptolemaic dynasty .
Maquis du Limousin The Maquis du Limousin was one of the largest Maquis groups of French resistance fighters . The region of Limousin was an active area of resistance since 1940 . Edmond Michelet distributed tracts calling to continue the war in all Brive - la - Gaillarde ' s mailboxes on June 17 , 1940 . It is considered to be the first act of resistance of World War II in France . But the Limousin was South to the line of demarcation and the resistance was mainly a passive one against Vichy France . The Maquis du Limousin , the first one in France , was formed through the year 1942 . The first act of sabotage was the dynamiting of a power plant near Ussel in June 1942 . Marshal Philippe Pétain ' s visit in Corrèze in July was seen as a provocation by the population and strengthened popular support for the maquis . The maquis increased fast with the reinforcement of many young men trying to escape the invasion by German troops in November 1942 and the STO in early 1943 . Maquis operations changed from sabotages in 1943 to massive attacks against occupation troops in 1944 . At its peak , the Limousine maquis is estimated to have reached between 8 , 000 and 12 , 000 fighters . However , it was troubled by continuing antagonisms between the Armée secrète and the Francs - tireurs et partisans concerning operational methods ( particularly at Tulle and Guéret ) , how local powers should be distributed after the liberation , as well as the degree to which " cleansing " of collaborators from the political system should take place . The Limousine population paid a heavy tribute to its resistance . Numerous maquisards were killed , executed , tortured or deported . Following the Normandy landings , the 2nd SS Division Das Reich , stationed in Montauban , was ordered to make its way across the country to stop the Allied advance . Along their way into Corrèze and Haute - Vienne , the Germans came under continuous attacks from the maquisards . In reprisal , they slaughtered hundreds of civilians in Tulle on June 9 and at Oradour - sur - Glane on June 10 , 1944 . Limousin and France were profoundly affected by these massacres . The maquis du Limousin had become so powerful that the region was entirely freed by the Résistance by the end of Summer 1944 . German troops , mostly made up with veterans from the Eastern Front , underwent so many attacks and sabotages that they called the Limousin " Little Russia " . Brive - la - Gaillarde was the first city in France to be freed by maquisards on August 15 , 1944 , ten days before Paris . Led by Georges Guingouin for the military operations and Gontran Royer for the Mouvements unis de la Résistance , the best known figures in the Maquis du Limousin were Edmond Michelet and André Malraux — who later both became ministers of Charles de Gaulle — , Roger Lescure , Louis Lemoigne , René Vaujour and Marius Guedin . Jacques Renouvin , André Delon , Martial Brigouleix , Raymond Farro and Florentin Gourmelen , also prominent maquisards in Limousin , were killed during the war . The Maquis du Limousin was led from Brive - la - Gaillarde and Limoges . The maquis was split into several main sectors :
Jean Colin ( general ) Jean Colin ( also Jean - Alphonse and Jean - Lambert - Alphonse ) , ( December 27 , 1864 - December 30 , 1917 ) was a French general and military writer . He has been judged " one of the brilliant members of the French General Staff before 1914 . " Educated at the École polytechnique , he worked in the history service of the army from 1900 to 1906 . He served in World War I , was made a général de brigade in 1917 and was killed that year in Serbia . He translated Clausewitz ' s " Der Feldzug von 1796 in Italien " ( 1859 ) as " Études sur la campagne de 1796 - 1797 en Italie " ( 1889 ) . His best known work is " Les transformations de la Guerre " ( Paris , 1911 ) , translated as " France and the Next War " or as " Transformations of War " by L . H . R . Pope - Hennessy ( London , 1912 ) . His criticisms of Napoleon and the offensive school were controversial .
38th Infantry Division Puglie The 38th Infantry Division Puglie was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Puglie " Division took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia and spent the rest of the war until the Italian surrender in September 1943 , as an occupying force in Montenegro and then Albania . The division filled its ranks with men drafted in eastern Veneto and Friuli , with a majority of soldiers hailing from the towns of Sacile and Vittorio Veneto . Invasion of Yugoslavia . The " Puglie " Division took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia as part of the Italian XIV Corps and invaded from the Albanian front . The Division had only one Infantry regiment attached as the 72 Puglie Infantry Regiment was assigned to the Italian XVII Corps Commander . General Alberto D ’ Aponte