naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Aanandapuram The Battle of Aanandapuram was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military , 58 Division , 53 Division and Task Force 8 and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) for the control of the last stronghold held by the LTTE . This battle is a part of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war . The battle was fought in the Aanandapuram area of Puthukkudiyirippu AGA Sri Lanka . Build up . Since the start of the northern offensive in 2008 the Sri Lankan Army had been steadily progressing on multiple fronts . As the LTTE had limited men and firepower , it was gradually withdrawing towards the North East part of the country . Finally they were confined to a small littoral strip of territory located between the A - 35 highway ( Paranthan - Mullaitheevu road ) Nanthikadal and Chalai lagoons on one side and the Indian ocean on the other . More than 50 , 000 soldiers from five divisions and three task forces besieged the LTTE . The Tigers were trying desperately to break out of this encirclement and drive the forces back . Against this backdrop the LTTE planned to launch a massive counter - offensive against the armed forces . The idea was to conduct a carefully planned operation that would deliver a crippling blow to the security forces . The Battle . On 30 March LTTE launched a massive attack on SLA front line in Puthukuduyirippu area , advancing out of the no fire zone . LTTE advanced towards Puthukudiyirippu facing stiff resistance by Sri Lankan Army . SL Army ’ s 53rd and 58th divisions and Task Force 8 advanced out of Puthukkudiyiruppu in a pincer movement intended to outflank the Charles Anthony regiment which held the eastward - running Puthukkudiyiruppu - Iranappaalai - Puthumaathalan road . A brigade of the 58th Division swung east and then south , while another from the 53rd , along with TF8 , attacked east and then north , both pincers meeting at Pachaipullumottai junction to the rear of Charles Anthony , cutting the foot path between Ambalaranpokkanai to Pachaipullumotti which LTTE used as supply line . The Tigers fought fiercely to prevent the encirclement , but were overwhelmed . Special Forces and Commandos set an ambush in the coconut trees east of the pocket , cutting routes of reinforcement to the LTTE trapped in Aanandapuram . A reinforced company of Tigers under Col Lawrence was sent in a convoy which attempted to reach the 2 km square pocket , but were ambushed and destroyed by special forces . Injured , Lawrence managed to escape with a few survivors . Another attempt at reinforcement saw a Sea Tiger unit leave Valainjarmadam and land at Pattiaddy from where they tried to fight their way through to Aanandapuram . But this attempt also failed as the Sea Tigers were beaten back by the SL Navy . The Army moved in heavy support weapons , artillery and multiple - barrel rocket launchers . By 5 April , the battle was over . This was an extremely decisive battle in 2008 – 2009 Sri Lankan Army Northern offensive . LTTE lost most of its major leaders in a single battle and this was the first time such a thing had happened in its history .
M . A . Yegorov Mikhail Alekseevich Yegorov ( ; born May 5 , 1923 - June 20 , 1975 ) , along with Meliton Kantaria and Alexei Berest , was one of the three soldiers credited with raising the Soviet flag over the Reichstag on the 2 May 1945 after the Battle of Berlin . Yegorov joined the partizans during the Nazi occupation , then enlisted in the Red Army in late 1944 as an infantry scout . Her worked at a dairy farm after leaving the army . Died in a traffic accident .
Gheorghe Avramescu Gheorghe Avramescu ( 26 January 1888 - 3 March 1945 ) was a Romanian Lieutenant General during World War II . He served as General Officer Commanding of a number of army units : the 10th Division in 1941 , the Mountain Corps later that year , the III Corps in 1943 , and the VI Corps and 4th Army from 1944 to 1945 . In 1945 , he was arrested by the Soviets as " pro - German . " Death . On March 2 , 1945 , general Avramescu was convoked to the commander of 40th Soviet Army . After one hour , the Romanian delegation was announced that Avramescu and Russian general Filip Fedorovici Jmacenko left for command point of Ukrainian Front 2 , as they were expected there by Marshall Malinovski . In fact , General Avramescu was arrested . Romanian 4th Army was placed in command of general Nicolae Dăscălescu , who struggle to find out from soviets about the general Avramescu . Soviet general Jmacenko advised him to find out about Avramescu at Minister of Defence or Romanian Major Stat . On March 3 , 1945 Adela , Avramescu ' s wife and Felicia , his daughter were arrested and sent to Siberia . His daughter committed suicide ; Adela returned in Romania in 1956 . The Soviet authorities announced that Avramescu was killed in 3 March 1945 ( the very same day of the arrest of his family ) , allegedly in an aerial attack over the car which transported him , and his body was buried in Budapest Soshalom cemetery . The car in which he was transported was touched by one single bullet , the one which " happened " to kill the general . This case of strange death stays open for historical research ; the de - secretisation of some military soviet archives may elucidate this death . On October 23 , 2000 , his remains were brought back to Romania and were reburied with military honours in Military Cemetery of Cluj Napoca .
The Perth Regiment The Perth Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army . Originally founded in 1866 as the 28th Perth Battalion of Infantry the regiment went through several name changes including : 1900 - 28th Perth Regiment ; 1920 - The Perth Regiment ; 1936 - The Perth Regiment ( M . G . ) ; 1941 - The Perth Regiment ( Motor ) ; and returned to its present title in 1946 . In 1954 , as a result of the Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army , this regiment was amalgamated with the Highland Light Infantry of Canada to form The Perth and Waterloo Regiment ( Highland Light Infantry of Canada ) . This was not a successful amalgamation and in 1957 the two units reverted to their former designations . On 28 February 1965 , the Perth Regiment was reduced to nil strength and placed on the Supplementary Order of Battle . The Perth Regiment was allied to the Cameronians , the Otago Regiment of New Zealand , 26th Battalion of Australia , and the Witwatersrand Rifles of South Africa . They were kitted with a green glengarry c / w green & white diced border , grey sporran with three black points , Douglas hose , and green garter flashes . The Regiment perpetuated the 110th Battalion C . E . F and held its final Order of Precedence as 16 . Lineage of the Perth Regiment :
British Porpoise - class submarine The " Porpoise " class was an eight - boat class of diesel - electric submarine s operated by the Royal Navy . This class was originally designated patrol submarines , then attack . They were the first conventional British submarines to be built after the end of World War II . Their design was , in many ways , influenced by the German WWII - era Type XXI U - boat s . Design . The " Porpoise " class were larger but shorter than their T - class predecessors and used a much improved steel known as UXW . This , and improved design and construction techniques allowed much deeper diving . It was found in tests that the unusually long engine room was liable to collapse , so there were extra large frames in this section , which proved to be something of an operational inconvenience . Designed with a top speed of , the boats were capable of , or once fitted with silenced propellers . However , quieter running was felt to be a positive trade off for the reduced speed . The " Porpoise " class were exceptionally quiet underwater , more so than their NATO counterparts and far more so than the Soviet Whiskeys . This was in part due to careful attention to detail in the mounting of machinery , and advances made in propeller design to prevent cavitation . Initially , the silenced propellers actually set up a distinctive resonant " singing " , and it was said that " Rorqual " was once identified leaving the River Clyde from a listening station from Long Island . However , grooves were cut into the propellers and injected with a damping filler which cured the problem ; " Rorqual " was later able to surface undetected off the Statue of Liberty . The silent running abilities made their sonar equipment particularly effective . Each submarine ' s armament consisted of eight torpedo tubes ; six in the bow , and two in the stern . Initially , up to 30 Mark 8 or Mark 23 torpedoes were carried , although these were replaced in the 1970s by the Mark 24 Tigerfish torpedo . The class were also the first since the World War I - era R - class to not carry a deck gun . The " Porpoise " s were far more capable than previous submarine classes in operating for prolonged periods , thanks to much improved air recirculation and cleaning systems . The class also performed excellently in clandestine operations , such as surveillance and inserting special forces . The first " Porpoise " - class boats were launched in 1958 during the ever increasing threat of the Soviet Union ' s submarine fleet . The " Porpoise " class boats were all decommissioned by the 1980s . The " Oberon " - class submarines , which were almost identical to the " Porpoises " , and the first of which was commissioned in 1961 , survived their predecessor only a little longer , all being decommissioned in the early 1990s .
Orange Herald Orange Herald was a British nuclear weapon of the 1950s . At the time it was reported as a H - bomb , although in fact it was a large fusion boosted fission weapon . Technical . Orange Herald was a fusion boosted British fission nuclear weapon , comprising a U - 235 primary surrounded by lithium deuteride . ' Herald ' was suitable for mounting on a missile , utilizing 117 kg of U - 235 . However , Britain ' s annual production of U - 235 was only 120 kg at this time , which would have made such weapons rare and very expensive . Two versions were designed - an " Orange Herald Large " with an overall diameter of 39 inches ( 1 . 0 m ) , and an " Orange Herald Small " with overall diameter of 30 inches ( 0 . 75 m ) . The Orange Herald Small version was tested once , yielding 720 kt of explosive power on 31 May 1957 , during the Grapple 2 / Orange Herald tests on Malden Island in the Pacific . Orange Herald remains the largest fission device ever tested . It is thought that the fusion boosting failed to increase the yield . A higher compression but smaller fission pit American weapon , the Mark 18 Super Oralloy Bomb , had a yield of 500 kilotons from a pit with slightly over 60 kilograms of highly enriched uranium , around 8 kilotons per kilogram of uranium , about the practical maximum 50 % fission yield efficiency for very large or very highly boosted fission weapon s . Even with less compression , the larger 117 kg pit of HEU in the Orange Herald Small should have had a roughly similar efficiency , but the observed 720 kiloton yield equals only just over 6 kilotons per kilogram of uranium . Orange Herald was the first British nuclear device to use an external neutron source . Britain rushed the development of these predicted - megaton class weapons because in 1955 it seemed that atmospheric testing could soon be outlawed by treaty . As a result , the UK wanted to demonstrate its ability to manufacture megaton class weapons by proof - testing them before any legal prohibitions were in place . It is believed by some that the large requirements of fissile material that Orange Herald needed was a major cause of the Windscale fire . It was unpopular with the scientists who worked on the project . One of the workers in the British nuclear program , Dr . Bryan Taylor , is quoted as saying " I thought that Orange Herald was a stupid device . It wasn ' t elegant , it was a dead end design and couldn ' t be taken any further " . This is the thesis of a BBC documentary on the topic of the fire , " Windscale : Britain ’ s Biggest Nuclear Disaster " .
HMS Northumberland ( 1750 ) HMS " Northumberland " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Plymouth Dockyard to the draught specified by the 1745 Establishment , and launched on 1 December 1750 . During the Seven Years War " Northumberland " was under the command of Lord Alexander Collville . He received command of the ship in 1753 and remained in command until 1762 . Future explorer James Cook served as ship ' s master from 1759 to 1761 . " Northumberland " was later reclassified as a storeship and renamed " Leviathan " on 13 September 1777 . The renamed " Leviathan " foundered on 27 February 1780 whilst sailing from Jamaica to Britain .
HMS St John ( 1764 ) HMS " St . John " was a Royal Navy ship attacked in 1764 by American colonists in Newport , Rhode Island . History . Rhode Islanders were violently opposed to the passage of the Sugar Act in 1764 , because the colony ' s main industry was producing rum from molasses . To collect the tax the British sent several ships to New England including . In 1764 crew members on another British ship , HMS " St John " had allegedly stolen goods from Newport merchants . Therefore , a group of Rhode Islanders took control of Fort George on Goat Island in Newport harbor and fired cannon shots at the British ship . The shots were one of the first open acts of rebellion against the British government in America . The Rhode Islanders were acting under orders from local officials , but dispersed before HMS " Squirrel " , a twenty - gun ship , arrived at the scene . " St . John " successfully fled the harbor .
Ariostazo The Ariostazo ( ) occurred on August 25 , 1939 , and was a brief revolt of the Tacna artillery regiment , led by General Ariosto Herrera , in what turned out to be a non - violent attempt against the government of Chilean President Pedro Aguirre Cerda . Background . Pedro Aguirre Cerda was elected and assumed as president on December 25 , 1938 as the candidate of the Popular Front . He had narrowly defeated conservative candidate Gustavo Ross in the presidential elections of 1938 . General Ariosto Herrera , the commander of the Army Division stationed in Santiago , was a supporter of former president Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and very much influenced by the fascist ideas he had absorbed while a military attaché in Italy during the 1930s . He was also very much opposed to the Popular Front . On May 21 , 1939 , as General Herrera was arriving to the Presidential Palace for a ceremony , he saw a red flag hanging from one of the balconies and in a sudden impulse grabbed it and tore it down . The " flag incident " was picked up as an insult to the new government and a formal inquiry was instituted in order to remove him from his command . He was eventually forced into retirement , and immediately started to conspire to bring down the government . Events . On August 25 , 1939 , General Herrera together with General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo arrived to the Tacna Regiment in Santiago , with the intention of insurrecting it and forcing the resignation of President Aguirre Cerda . Nonetheless , the commander of said Regiment , Colonel Luco , had been previously notified of the intentions of the plotters and proceeded to arrest General Herrera as soon as he arrived and to prevent the entry to General Ibáñez . In view of the arrest of their leader , the rest of the military units involved decided to back down . Due to these events 36 officers that were participants in the plot were subsequently purged from the army .
9th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment The 9th Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 9th Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9 , 1864 . It was disbanded on October 29 , 1864 . Detailed service . The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Major General Sterling Price ' s raid . Duty at Fort Leavenworth and Kansas City .
French cruiser Suffren The Suffren was a heavy cruiser of the French Navy , the name ship of the four - ship Suffren class . Launched in 1927 , she was named for the 18th - century French admiral Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez , becoming the sixth vessel to bear the name " Suffren " . World War II . In early June 1940 , at the outset of World War II , the cruisers " Suffren " , " Duquesne " , " Tourville " and " Duguay - Trouin " , along with three destroyer s , operated against the Italian - occupied Dodecanese Islands . Later in that same month , " Suffren " participated in a joint operation with the Royal Navy - the last such operation before the French surrender to Nazi Germany on 22 June 1940 . Surrender . At the time of the French surrender , " Suffren " was stationed in Alexandria , Egypt , with other French warships . In contrast to the violent confrontation that took place at the same time at Mers - el - Kébir , Algeria , the " Suffren " surrendered peacefully after the British admiral Andrew Browne Cunningham and the French admiral René - Émile Godfroy reached an agreement . The ship was disarmed and interned by the British on 3 July 1940 . Allied career . " Suffren " rejoined the Allied cause and was rearmed on 30 May 1943 . On 17 July 1943 , " Suffren " rescued survivors of the vessel " City of Canton " , which was torpedoed off Beira , Mozambique . Postwar service . " Suffren " reentered service with the French Navy after World War II . She was alleged to have participated in the bombing of the Vietnamese port of Haiphong on 23 November 1946 , an event that caused over two thousand casualties and contributed to the start of the First Indochina War . On 1 October 1947 , after almost twenty years of service , " Suffren " was decommissioned , and was used as a hulk in Toulon . She was renamed " Océan " in 1963 , and was ultimately broken up in 1974 .
Mobile Campaign Union order of battle The following units and commanders of the Union Army fought at the of the American Civil War involving the battles of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely . The units engaged against Spanish Fort involved Veatch ' s Division , Benton ' s Division and Henry Bertram ' s Brigade from the XIII Corps along with McArthur ' s Division and Carr ' s Division from the XVI Corps . The units engaged against Fort Blakely involved Veatch ' s Division and Andrews ' Division ( minus Bertram ' s brigade ) from the XIII Corps , Garrard ' s Division from the XVI Corps and Steele ' s Pensacola Column . The Confederate order of battle is shown separately . This order of battle covers the period of March – April 1865 . For the Union and Confederate forces at the Battle of Mobile Bay from August 2 – 23 , 1864 see : Mobile Bay order of battle . Army of West Mississippi . MG Edward R . S . Canby XIII Corps . MG Gordon Granger XVI Corps . MG Andrew Jackson Smith Column from Pensacola . MG Frederick Steele Cavalry . MG Benjamin Grierson
P21 - class inshore patrol vessel The " P21 " class inshore patrol vessel is a class of inshore patrol vessel s of the Armed Forces of Malta ' s Maritime Squadron . The Maltese ordered four boats in 2009 from Australian shipyard Austal . The vessels mount a firefighting water cannon on the aft fly bridge . The four vessels were officially commissioned on 18 March 2010 .
Ralph M . Rich Ralph McMaster Rich ( 22 January 1916 - 18 June 1942 ) was an aviator of the United States Navy during World War II . Ralph McMaster Rich , born on 22 January 1916 in Denmark , North Dakota , enlisted in the U . S . Naval Reserve on 12 October 1939 in Minneapolis , Minnesota . After receiving initial flight training in Minnesota , Aviation Cadet Rich reported for active duty at Pensacola , Florida , on 28 December 1939 . Designated a Naval Aviator on 12 July 1940 , he was commissioned as an Ensign on 16 August , and assigned to Fighting Squadron Six ( VF - 6 ) embarked aboard the aircraft carrier " Enterprise " ( CV - 6 ) on 28 November . ENS Rich participated in several of the early actions of the Pacific War . Among them were the 1 February 1942 raid on the Marshall Islands , in which he destroyed a Japanese bomber on the ground , and the 24 February attack on Wake Island . Promoted to Lieutenant ( junior grade ) on 28 May 1942 , he led a section of fighters covering the approach of American bombers against the Japanese fleet during the Battle of Midway 4 to 6 June 1942 . In addition , Rich is credited with shooting down one enemy torpedo plane while flying on combat air patrol over " Yorktown " ( CV - 5 ) . On 18 June 1942 , while participating in aerial gunnery practice over the Hawaiian Islands , his F4F - 4 " Wildcat " fighter lost a wing and crashed , killing him instantly . He was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his " capable and aggressive leadership " in the Midway battle , which enabled his attack group to " maintain continuous flight over enemy naval units , thereby assuring our dive bomber s an unmolested approach . " Namesakes . Two Navy ships have been named USS " Rich " in his honor .
Gromobój ( armoured train ) Gromobój was a Polish improvised armoured train from the period of the Polish - Ukrainian war ( 1918 - 1919 ) . The train took part in the fighting in the area of the rail junction in Zagórze . The train ' s armour was constructed from walls of brick , between which was river gravel . The locomotive used in the train was an ex - Austro - Hungarian kkStB Class 229 .
Erich Hahn Oberleutnant Erich Hahn was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . Biography . Erich Hahn was born on 18 October 1891 in Leipzig , the Kingdom of Saxony , in the German Empire . He joined Saxony ' s Infantry Regiment Nr . 2 just before World War I . In 1913 , he learned to fly at Anthony Fokker ' s flying school . As one of the very few experienced pilots about , he was serving in " Flieger - Abteilung " ( Flier Detachment ) 64 when the war began . He then moved on to service in FA 23 and then to artillery direction with " Flieger - Abteilung " ( " Artillerie " ) 221 . On 10 August 1916 , he transferred to fighter aviation with his assignment to KEK Bertincourt . When " Jagdstaffel 1 " was founded as one of the original dedicated German fighter squadrons later in August , Hahn joined them . On 10 November , he would both succeed to acting squadron commander and score his first aerial victory . On 29 November 1916 , he transferred to command of " Jagdstaffel 19 " . Having already won both classes of the Iron Cross , he accepted the Knight ' s Cross of the Military Order of Saint Henry on 29 December 1916 . Hahn was the first fighter pilot to receive the Saint Henry . He would not score again until April , when he downed three enemy airplanes and two observation balloons . Notable among these wins was his fourth victory , when he downed French ace René Doumer . On 1 May , Erich Hahn was awarded the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern . After these six confirmed victories , Hahn led his squadron until 1935 hours 4 September 1917 . At that time , French ace , Lieutenant Georges Madon shot him down over Beine , France and killed him .
Werner Lange Werner Lange ( 18 July 1893 – 19 November 1965 ) was a " Vizeadmiral " with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .