naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Luftwaffenhelfer Luftwaffenhelfer ( commonly : Flakhelfer = anti - aircraft warfare helpers ) are terms commonly used for German students deployed as child soldier s during World War II . The Luftwaffenhelfer ( " Luftwaffe assistant " ) program was the implementation of the " Kriegshilfseinsatz der Jugend bei der Luftwaffe " ( " war auxiliary deployment of youth into the Luftwaffe " ) order issued on January 22 , 1943 . The order called for drafting whole school classes with male students born in 1926 and 1927 into a military corps , supervised by Hitler Youth and Luftwaffe personnel . The draft was later extended to include the 1928 and 1929 births . Deployment included ideological indoctrination by the Hitler Youth , military duties and limited continuation of the normal school curriculum , often by the original teachers . While the official term was " Luftwaffenhelfer ( HJ ) " , the term more commonly used is " Flakhelfer " ( " Flak - assistant " ) . The 1926 - 1929 births are commonly referred to as the " Flakhelfer - Generation " . In German ears the phrase associates with the collective and incisive experience of being torn out of conventional adolescent life ( though under circumstances of total war ) and being thrown into strict military service and extreme peril , when in the final phase of the war , the AA - batteries themselves became preferred targets of allied strafers . In August 1944 some 660 , 000 regular male soldiers and 450 , 000 female helpers ( anti - aircraft personnel ) in all departments served with the Luftwaffe within the " auxiliary antiaircraft defense " . Many of the girls came from the BDM , although they had to officially join the Wehrmacht , because it was forbidden for BDM - girls to do armed duty . In 1945 , " Flakhelferinnen " and other female subsidiaries were trained and allowed to carry weapons to protect themselves . Luftwaffenhelfer in Latvia . On April 1944 the Germans had requested the drafting of 7000 Latvian boys , aged 14 – 16 , and 400 girls , all for service as Air Defense auxiliaries . However , the Self - Administration of Latvia refused and consented only to invite the youths to volunteer . As the situation at the Eastern Front worsened , in June and July the Self - Administration did agree to draft boys born in 1927 and 1928 . From July 28 to September 9 , 4139 boys were drafted , 525 of whom were volunteers .
French frigate Nymphe ( 1811 ) The Nymphe was a 40 - gun " Pallas " - class frigate of the French Navy , designed by Sané . Career . In 1811 , " Nymphe " was assigned to a frigate division under Joseph - François Raoul , along with " Méduse " , tasked to support Java . On 2 September , the frigates arrived at Surabaya , tailed by the 32 - gun frigate HMS " Bucephalus " . On the 4th , another British ship , , joined the chase , but lost contact on the 8th . On the 12th , " Méduse " and " Nymphe " chased the " Bucephalus " , which escaped and broke contact the next day . The squadron was back in Brest on 22 December 1811 . She then served in the Atlantic . Between 1814 and 1824 , she was decommissioned in Penfeld , only undertaking a refit in 1822 . On 26 March 1824 , she was recommissioned with the crew of " Eurydice " and sent to man the station of the Caribbean , and later of Brazil . From 1832 , she was used as a hulk , and was eventually broken up in 1873 .
50th Rocket Army The 50th Rocket Army was an army of the Soviet , later Russian Strategic Rocket Forces . It was created in 1960 . Its first commander was General Lieutenant Feodor Dobish ( ) . Vyru ( Voru ) was a deployment base for the 305th Regiment of the 23rd Missile Division ( from 1982 40th Division ) of the 50th Army . 29th Guards Rocket Division . The 29th Guards Rocket Division was part of the army from 1960 to 1986 , and included the Plokštinė missile base , operated by the 79th Guards Missile Regiment . The division inherited its honours and awards from the disbanding 51st Guards Motor Rifle Division , In 1986 29th Guards Rocket Division was transferred to Irkutsk , Irkutsk Oblast , and came under command of the 53rd Rocket Army . The 29th Guards Rocket Division was formed on the basis of the 85th Engineer Brigade RVGK ( established in 1951 as a 54th Brigade of Special Designation RVGK ) and personnel " 51st Guards Motor Rifle Vitebsk Division of the Order of Lenin Red " , which was disbanded in accordance with the directive of the Commander of the Baltic Military District № 006471 dated May 5 , 1960 . In July 1960 , RVGK engineer brigades were reformed into missile divisions , and engineering regiments became missile regiments . On October 17 , 1961 the 29th RD was given the fighting flag of the 51st Guards Rifle Division , and the division received the name " 29th Guards Missile Vitebsk Division of the Order of the Red Banner of Lenin . " Date of the annual holiday - July 1 ( last day of the formation of " 54th Brigade Special Purpose RVGK " in 1952 ) . In September 1960 the Division became part of the 50th Rocket Army , formed on the basis of the 50th Air Army long - range aviation Soviet Air Force . Division Headquarters was deployed from July 1960 to September – October 1961 in Taurage Lithuanian SSR , from September – October 1961 to December 1985 in the city of Siauliai Lithuanian SSR . On 1 February 1986 , a Directive № 432 / 3 / 00846 RVSN Commander of 3 December 1985 , the division moved to Irkutsk , in the 53rd Rocket Army , with a composition of five missile Regiments MRBM 15P653 " Pioneer UTTH " , however , in connection with the INF Treaty between the USSR and the U . S . on alert shelf " 29rd " since these missiles have not risen , and in May 1988 for duty in the division atonement first missile regiment with RT - 2PM Topol intercontinental ballistic missiles . On September 16 , 2002 , after the dissolution of the 50th Rocket Army , the division was transferred into the 33rd Missile Army . Composition 1988 . In 1988 its units comprised : Moved to Karmelava 30 . 6 1964 , disbanded 8 . 1990 . The army was disbanded on 30 June 1990 .
SAF Warrant Officer School SAF Warrant Officer School ( SAFWOS ) is a training school within the Pasir Laba Camp complex . In the new scheme , Third Warrant Officers ( 3WO ) of all services aspiring to promote to higher ranks in the Warrant Officer Corp are trained here . On graduation , they receive their rank as Second Warrant Officer s ( 2WO ) . SAFWOS is a tri - service institute , which has the stated aim of bringing warrant officers from all three services together in a great " melting pot " where ideas are exchanged and cohesion is developed . Apart from training new warrant officers , SAFWOS conducts other courses as part of continuing leadership training for existing warrant officers taking up new appointments such as Battalion Regimental Sergeant Major . SAFWOS , Specialist and Warrant Officer Advanced School ( SWAS ) and Specialist Cadet School ( SCS ) , are part of the Specialist & Warrant Officer Institute commissioned in 2007 and re - organised in 2010 .
James H . Luther James H . Luther ( January 24 , 1841 – March 3 , 1916 ) was a private in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company D , 7th Massachusetts Infantry . Place and date : At Fredericksburg , Va . , May 3 , 1863 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Dighton , Mass . Date of issue : June 28 , 1890 . Citation : Among the first to jump into the enemy ' s rifle pits , he himself captured and brought out three prisoners .
Danske Livregiment Danske Livregiment ( ) was a Danish Army infantry regiment . On 1 January 2001 it was merged , together with Sjællandske Livregiment , into Gardehusarregimentet . History . Danske Livregiment can trace its history back to 1763 when it was raised from a mix of Danes and German mercenaries . The Regiment has participated in the wars Slaget på Reden ( 1801 ) , Gunboat War ( 1807 - 1814 ) , First Schleswig War ( 1848 - 1850 ) and Second Schleswig War ( 1864 ) . The regimental flag has the battle honours Bov 1848 , Slesvig 1848 , Fredericia 1849 , Isted 1850 and Sankelmark 1864 . In 1976 Falsterske Fodregiment was merged into the regiment .
17th Air Division The 17th Air Division ( 17th AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with Pacific Air Forces , stationed at U - Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield , Thailand . It was inactivated on 1 January 1986 Activated as the 17th Bombardment Wing on 18 December 1940 and assigned to Southeast Air District as a bombardment training organization . Apparently never had sufficient personnel to carry out effectively its mission . Inactivated on 3 September 1941 . Reactivated as part of Second Air Force in June 1942 as the 17th Bombardment Training Wing . Was the primary training command organization for USAAF heavy bombardment ( B - 17 Flying Fortress , B - 24 Liberator ) heavy groups during World War II from June 1942 until May 1944 . Initially , it controlled the third phase of training , in which each bombardment group split into tactical components and operated from squadron sized airfields under simulated combat conditions . Later , the 17th supervised the first and second phases of heavy bombardment group and crew training . In 1943 assumed mission for training B - 29 Superfortress Very Heavy bombardment groups prior to their deployment to Twentieth Air Force in the Pacific Theater until April 1946 when it ceased all activity . It also exercised limited supervision over the training of the XXI and XXII Bomber Commands during 1944 . Reactivated an intermediate command echelon of Strategic Air Command in 1959 , it gained control of the 340th and the 305th Bombardment Wings at Bunker Hill AFB , Indiana , and the 4040th Air Base Squadron at Richard I . Bong AFB , Wisconsin in 1959 . The two bombardment wings flew normal SAC alert patrols and participated in special exercises as required . However , the division lost its bombardment wings and gained missile wings in 1963 and assumed responsibility for Titan and Minuteman missiles in Missouri , Kansas , and later Arkansas . When joined by the 70th Bombardment Wing , on 1 July 1965 with B - 52 and KC - 135 aircraft , the division reverted to an earlier designation - 17th Strategic Aerospace Division . From 1965 - 1971 , the division ' s subordinate units frequently deployed bomber and tanker resources . Arc Light operations in Southeast Asia , consisting of military operations against enemy forces in Vietnam , drew most of the deployments . From 1 July 1975 – 1 January 1976 as part of Pacific Air Forces , it maintained an effective training program for United States Air Force tactical units in Thailand . Inactivated as part of the USAF phaseout of activities in Thailand after the end of the Vietnam War . History . Units assigned . Groups . < hr width = 50 % >
Free State – Basotho War Free State – Basotho Wars were a series of wars fought between Moshoeshoe I , the ruler of the Basotho kingdom and the Orange Free State of the Boers . These can be divided into the Senekal ' s War of 1858 and the Seqiti War , which included two conflicts , in 1865−1866 and 1867−1868 , separated by a short armistice . The wars resulted in the Free State acquiring large tracts of land from Basotho and Basotho eventually accepting annexation as a part of the British Empire and being placed under Crown protection . Moshoeshoe still remained one of the rare kings of Africa who was never defeated fully by the colonial powers . Senekal ' s War . Tensions first rose over disputes over land claims between the Basotho and the Free State and the conflict formally began in 1858 with a declaration of war from the Free State . In the resulting battles the Free State tried storming Moshoeshoe ' s stronghold at Thaba Bosiu with no success while the Sotho conducted raids in Free State territories . When a peace treaty was signed on October 15 , 1858 , little had been settled . Seqiti War . The war again broke out in 1865 and the Boers met with considerable success . After an unsuccessful appeal to aid from the British Empire , Moshoeshoe was forced to sue for peace in 1866 and the treaty of Thaba Bosiu was signed , with Basotho ceding large territories to the Free State . However , the Basotho weren ' t satisfied with the terms of the treaty and conflict again arose in 1867 . During this third war , the Free State stormed most of the Basotho strongholds , with Thaba Bosiu alone remaining impregnable . When things looked bleak , Moshoeshoe again appealed for aid from the British , and eventually accepted annexation from the British Empire on March 12 , 1868 . Basutoland was placed under British protection , ending the conflict . In the final treaty , Basotho had to again cede territories , but still retained enough land to remain a viable state .
Scotstarvit Tower Scotstarvit Tower is a tower house in Fife , Scotland . It is situated south of Cupar , between Tarvit Hill and Walton Hill , south of the River Eden , near the A916 road . The six - storey L - plan tower , still largely intact , was built in the third quarter of the 16th century by the Inglis family . It was bought , in 1611 , by Sir John Scot , author of the satirical " The Staggering State of the Scots ' Statesmen " . Scot rebuilt the tower in the 1620s . Scotstarvit later passed to the Wemyss family , and in 1948 it was given to the National Trust for Scotland , and it is now in the care of Historic Scotland . The castle is a Scheduled Ancient Monument , and a category A listed building .
USS Huron ( 1875 ) USS " Huron " was an iron sloop - rigged screw steam gunboat built by John Roach & Sons in Chester , Pennsylvania from 1873 – 75 and commissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 15 November 1875 , Commander George P . Ryan in command . Service history . " Huron " arrived on 11 December 1875 for duty at the Norfolk Navy Yard , and spent the next two years cruising in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico . She stopped at Veracruz and Key West on her first cruise , returning to Port Royal on 4 August 1876 and visited many Caribbean and Venezuelan ports from March – June 1877 . Loss . After repairs at New York Navy Yard in August , the ship sailed to Hampton Roads , and departed on 23 November 1877 for a scientific cruise on the coast of Cuba . Soon after her departure , " Huron " ran aground off Nags Head , North Carolina in heavy weather , and was wrecked shortly after 1 a . m . next morning . For a time , her crew worked in relatively little danger , attempting to free their ship , but she soon heeled over , carrying 98 officers and men to their deaths .
64th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 64th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 21st Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War .
Commando Battalion for Resolute Action COBRA ( backronym for " COmmando Battalion for Resolute Action " ) is a specialised unit of the CRPF created to counter the Naxalite problem in India . This specialised CRPF unit is one of the few units of the Central Armed Police Forces in the country who are specifically trained in guerilla warfare . This elite fighting unit has been trained to track , hunt and eliminate small Naxalite groups . There are currently 10 COBRA units . Equipment . Cobra is the best - equipped paramilitary unit in the country , set up with a grant of 1300 crore ( 13 thousand million [ long scale ] or 13 Billion [ Short scale ] ) from the Central government . They have been armed as a regular infantry platoon with INSAS rifle s , AK rifles , X - 95 , Browning Hi - Power and Glock pistol s , Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns and Carl Gustav recoilless rifle . Cobras also have hi - tech electronic surveillance equipment and well - trained sniper teams , armed with Dragunov SVD , Mauser SP66 and Heckler & Koch MSG - 90 sniper rifles . All the equipment for the Cobra is manufactured indigenously by the Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board , Ministry of Defence , Government of India . Training . Cobras are trained in the Army ’ s elite Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School in Mizoram and CRPF ’ s anti terrorist school in Silchar . They are adept in the art of camouflage and jungle warfare . Their role is to carry out reconnaissance and long range patrols , gather intelligence on the whereabouts of the insurgents , and also carry out ambushes and precision strikes when required . Their sniper teams can also be used to headshot key targets . External links .
7th / 10th Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment The 7th / 10th ( City of Belfast ) Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment was formed in 1984 as a result of an amalgamation between the 7th Battalion Ulster Defence Regiment and the 10th Battalion Ulster Defence Regiment . The resultant 7 / 10 UDR was subsumed into the Royal Irish Rangers in 1992 as part of the amalgamation which formed the Royal Irish Regiment . Uniform , armament & equipment . See : Ulster Defence Regiment Uniform , armament & equipment Music . In 1990 and 1991 the pipes and drums of 7 / 10 UDR came second in the European piping championships . The Stephens Enquiry . In 1989 , twenty - eight UDR soldiers were arrested as part of The Stephens Inquiry into alleged collusion with loyalist paramilitaries . Twenty - six belonged to the same company of 7 / 10 UDR . Six were later awarded damages . One was charged with activities linked to loyalist paramilitaries . The Stephens team caused " intense anger " as three hundred police had been used to surround the homes of suspects . This had identified them as UDR soldiers to their neighbours , potentially putting their lives at risk . Eleven moved house as a result and the homes of eighteen others were provided with " additional security measures " at a cost of £25 , 000 . IRA infiltration ? At the start of June 1987 three attacks were made against soldiers of the same company of the battalion , including Private Joe Tracey who was shot dead as he started a new job on apartments off the Lisburn Road , Belfast . The " Belfast Newsletter " reported that 7 / 10 UDR had been infiltrated by the IRA . The commanding officer accepted that someone must have informed on him but denied that the IRA had been able to penetrate the battalion calling the allegation a " wild rumour " .
5 Combat Engineer Regiment 5 Combat Engineer Regiment ( French : " 5 Régiment du genie de combat " ) is a regular force regiment of the Canadian Military Engineers commanded by a lieutenant - colonel . It is currently located at CFB Valcartier , Quebec , and is assigned to 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group . This unit is divided into five squadrons :
Bicycle Lake Army Airfield Bicycle Lake Army Airfield is a military airport located on the Bicycle dry lake bed , three miles ( 5 km ) northeast of the Fort Irwin cantonment area , in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County , California , United States . It is owned by the United States Army .
Sighet prison The Sighet prison , located in the town of Sighetu Marmaţiei , Maramureş county , Romania , was used by the to hold political prisoners . It is now the site of the Sighet Memorial Museum , part of the Memorial of the Victims of Communism . History . The prison in Sighetu Marmaţiei ( often referred to just as " Sighet " ) was built in 1897 , when the area was part of the Austro - Hungarian Empire , as a prison for criminal offenders . After 1945 , at the end of World War II , the repatriation of Romanians who had been prisoners of war and deportees in the Soviet Union was done through Sighet . In August 1948 , once communist power had been consolidated in Romania , Sighet prison was reserved for political opponents of the regime . At first , it held a group of students , pupils and peasants from the Maramureş region . Many of the surviving prisoners are still living in Sighet to this very day . On the night of May 5 , 1950 , over one hundred former dignitaries from the whole country were brought to the Sighet penitentiary ( former ministers and other politicians , as well as academics , economists , military officers , historians , and journalists ) , some of them sentenced to heavy punishments , and others held without any form of trial . The majority were over 60 years old . Many important figures of inter - war Romania died in custody , including the leader of the National Peasants ' Party and former Prime Minister of Romania , Iuliu Maniu .
Bruce Barrymore Halpenny bibliography The Bruce Barrymore Halpenny bibliography is a list of books by the author and military historian . The author wrote for many magazines in the 1950s , 1960s and 1970s some under his own name and some under pseudonyms . At one time he was writing articles for up to 14 military journals around the world when he was approached by the publishers Patrick Stephens to do the Airfield books due to his vast knowledge and authority . Books are in order by date .
Grossflammenwerfer In addition to man - portable units , the Germans designed heavy flamethrower s before and during the First World War . The large flamethrower ( Grossflammenwerfer or " Grof " ) was designed to be used from the trenches . The fuel and propellant containers were too large and heavy for mobility , but the hose could be long enough to be carried out of the trenches closer to the enemy . Multiple propellant and fuel containers could be connected together to improve range and usage time . These Flamethrowers were the first Flamethrowers made by Richard Fiedler . Which he went on and made the Klienflammenwerfer , which is more portable and easier to use than the Grossflammenwerfer .
19th Indian Infantry Brigade The 19th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in October , 1940 at Old Delhi in India and assigned to the 8th Indian Infantry Division . In August 1941 , they took part in the Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran . In September 1943 , they moved to Italy , coming briefly under command of the 2nd New Zealand Division in November 1943 and the British 1st Infantry Division in December 1943 . Apart from those two attachments the brigade remained with the 8th Division for the remainder of the war .
Battle of Mhlatuze River The Battle of Mhlatuze River was a battle fought between the Zulu and Ndwandwe tribes in 1820 following the Zulu Civil War . The Ndwandwe hierarchy was set asunder by the battle , and largely scattered their population in response . History . In 1818 , Shaka had been attacked by Qwabe warriors led by Phakathwayo along the same river . The battle . The Zulu people prevailed in battle , led by military commander Shaka . As in the Battle of Gqokli Hill , Shaka ' s superior tactics led his people to victory . When the Ndwandwe attack came , he waited until about half were on each side of the river , effectively splitting the attackers into two separate groups which allowed a Zulu victory .
Chief of the Army Staff ( India ) The Chief of the Army Staff is the commander and usually the highest - ranking officer of the Indian Army . The position is abbreviated as COAS in Indian Army cables and communication , and usually held by a 4 - star officer in the rank of General . The current COAS is General Bikram Singh , who took office on 31 May 2012 . Office of the Chief of the Army Staff . The office of the Chief of the Army Staff was created through " The Commanders - In - Chiefs ( Change in Designation ) Act " of the Indian Parliament in 1955 . It replaced the erstwhile office of the Commander - in - Chief , Army . The office is based at South Block of the Central Secretariat at Raisina Hill , New Delhi . Appointments to the office are made by the President of India . The COAS reaches superannuation upon three years in the office or at the age of 62 , whichever is earlier . Appointees . The following table chronicles the appointees to the office of the Chief of the Army Staff or its preceding positions since the independence of India .