naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
52d Bombardment Squadron The 52d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was to the 68th Bombardment Wing , stationed at Chennault Air Force Base , Louisiana . It was inactivated on 15 April 1963 . History . Established in 1947 as a weather recon squadron ; it was equipped with second - line observation aircraft and flew weather flights along the California coastline . It was inactivated in 1949 due to budget restrictions , but reactivated under Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) as an RB - 29 Superfortress very long range reconnaissance squadron which flew missions primarily over the Arctic mapping flight routes if needed for B - 36 Peacemaker bombers to fly over the North Pole to attack targets in the Soviet Union . Re - designated in June 1952 as a B - 47 Stratojet medium bomber squadron , its aircraft were not received until April 1953 when the squadron received the first production block of B - 47Es . It conducted routine deployments and training during the 1950s and early 1960s . It was inactivated in 1963 with the phaseout of the B - 47 .
USS Active ( 1837 ) USS " Active " — a schooner built in Baltimore as " Clara " — was purchased by the Navy in September 1837 for use in the Wilkes Exploring Expedition , but she was found to be unsuitable for that mission . Under the command of Lt . William G . Woolsey , she made a brief cruise along the eastern seaboard serving as a relief ship for merchantmen in distress . She was sold during the summer — some sources suggest the month of July — of 1838 .
Hansa - Brandenburg W . 13 The Hansa - Brandenburg W . 13 was a flying boat bomber developed in Germany in 1917 and used by the Austro - Hungarian Navy during World War I . It was a largely conventional design for the time , with a single - step hull and an engine mounted pusher - fashion on struts in the interplane gap . The pilot and a gunner sat in tandem open cockpits at the bow . The interplane struts were unusual in that on each side of the aircraft , the upper and lower wings were braced with two pairs of struts that converged from two sets of attachment points on the upper wing to a single set on the lower wing , so that when viewed from fore or aft , the struts formed a V - shape . The type was first offered to the Imperial German Navy , but was rejected . It was , however , accepted by the Austro - Hungarian Navy , which operated it from bases on the Adriatic Sea during the Italian Campaign . Many of these were produced under licence by UFAG in Budapest . In service , the Austro - Daimler engine caused continuous problems , which the manufacturer attributed to the poor lubricating oil available at the front . Since this situation seemed unlikely to change as the war situation deteriorated for Austria - Hungary , Austro - Daimler simply discontinued production of the engine , meaning that slightly over half the 130 W . 13s manufactured were left without a powerplant . Several examples of the W . 13 were captured intact by Italian forces and studied ; and one example that survived the war was handed over by Austria to the United States Navy as part of war reparations . This aircraft was shipped back to the Naval Aircraft Factory in the United States , where it was dismantled for study , reassembled , and test flown .
Ten Rules for Air Fighting Adolph Gysbert Malan DSO & Bar DFC ( 24 March 1910 – 17 September 1963 ) , better known as Sailor Malan , was a South African World War II fighter pilot who led No . 74 Squadron RAF during the height of the Battle of Britain . Malan developed a set of simple rules for fighter pilots , which eventually could be found throughout RAF Fighter Command : " TEN OF MY RULES FOR AIR FIGHTING "
Thorney Island ( West Sussex ) Thorney Island is an island ( effectively a peninsula ) that juts into Chichester Harbour in West Sussex . It is separated from the mainland by a narrow channel called the Great Deep . Geography . The village of West Thorney lies on the east coast of the island and has been incorporated into a British Army military base which occupies the southern part of the island , south of Great Deep . A coastal public footpath , part of the Sussex Border Path encircles the island , but public access to the south of the island is limited to the footpath and the church of St Nicholas at West Thorney . Walkers using the footpath may be asked by intercom to provide their contact details ( name , address and mobile phone number ) at the security gates to access the southern part of the island . Walkers must keep to the footpath marked with the yellow posts . During the winter months , fortnightly game shoot is held on Thorney , shooting partridges , pheasants and snipe . To the south of the island is Pilsey Island , now joined to Thorney Island by a sandbank , which is an RSPB nature reserve . The 2001 census showed the island to have a resident population of 1 , 079 . Climate . The climate of Thorney Island is generally milder than elsewhere in the UK , but slightly cooler than other areas locally due to being quite rural . The record high temperature is on August 6 , 2003 & record low is on January 13 , 1987 . The Met Office has an official weather station situated at the Royal Artillery base on Thorney Island . RAF Thorney Island and Baker Barracks . In 1938 the RAF airfield on Thorney Island was built . Subsequently the Royal Navy expressed an interest in utilising the base . In 1980 West Thorney became host to many hundreds of Vietnamese families , accepted by the United Kingdom for settlement in the United Kingdom . In 1985 , a series of experiments referred to as the " Thorney Island Heavy Gas Dispersion Trials " investigating atmospheric dispersion of gases was carried out on the island . 1984 saw control of the base handed to the Royal Artillery , who remain in control of the base to date . Baker Barracks on Thorney Island is currently home to 47th Regiment Royal Artillery , armed with the Starstreak HVM . In January 2008 , 12th Regiment Royal Artillery moved to the island on their return from Germany . In 2009 , the airfield was used as a test track for a British - built steam car hoping to smash the longest standing land speed record . The British Steam Car Challenge team included test driver Don Wales , nephew of the late Donald Campbell and grandson of Sir Malcolm Campbell .
George H . Wanton George Henry Wanton ( May 15 , 1868 – November 27 , 1940 ) was a Buffalo Soldier in the United States Army and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Spanish - American War . Biography . Wanton was born on May 15 , 1866 in Paterson , New Jersey , the son of William H . and Margaret ( Miller ) Wanton . He served in the Navy from 1884 to 1888 , and joined the Army in 1889 . By June 30 , 1898 was serving as a Private in Troop M of the 10th Cavalry Regiment . On that day , American forces aboard the " Florida " near Trinidad , Cuba , dispatched a landing party to provide reconnaissance on Spanish outposts in the area . The party was discovered by Spanish scouts and came under heavy fire ; their boats were sunk by enemy cannon fire , leaving them stranded on shore . The men aboard the " Florida " launched several rescue attempts ; the first four were forced to retreat under heavy fire . The fifth attempt , manned by Wanton and three other Privates of the 10th Cavalry ( Dennis Bell , Fitz Lee , and William H . Thompkins ) under the command of Lieutenant Ahern , launched at night and successfully found and rescued the surviving members of the landing party . Upon return to the ship , Wanton volunteered to go back and retrieve the body of Captain Jose Manuel Núñez ( brother of General Emilio Núñez ) who had been killed on the beach , but this was deemed too risky . One year later , on June 23 , 1899 , four of the rescuers were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions in what had come to be known as the Battle of Tayacoba . In November 1921 , Wanton was selected as an Honorary Pallbearer at the burial of the Unknown Soldier . George Wanton reached the rank of Master Sergeant and served in the Quartermaster Corps before leaving the Army . He died at age 72 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington County , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Private Wanton ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Voluntarily went ashore in the face of the enemy and aided in the rescue of his wounded comrades ; this after several previous attempts at rescue had been frustrated .
German submarine U - 477 German submarine " U - 477 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out one patrol . She sank no ships . She was sunk by a Canadian aircraft , west of Trondheim , in June 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 17 October 1942 at the " Deutsche Werke " in Kiel as ' werk ' 308 , launched on 3 July 1943 and commissioned on 18 August under the command of " Oberleutnant " Karl - Joachim Jenssen . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 18 August 1943 for training and the 3rd flotilla from 1 June 1944 for operations . Patrol and loss . " U - 432 " s only patrol was preceded by a short trip from Kiel in Germany to Kristiansand in Norway . The patrol itself began with the boat ' s departure from Kristiansand on 15 April 1944 . On 3 June she was attacked and sunk by depth charge s dropped from a Canadian Canso flying boat of No . 162 Squadron RCAF west of Trondheim . Fifty - one men went down with " U - 476 " ; there were no survivors .
Mortimer Dormer Leggett Mortimer Dormer Leggett ( April 19 , 1821 – January 6 , 1896 ) was a lawyer , school administrator , professor , and major general of the Union Army during the American Civil War . Early life . Leggett was born in Ithaca , New York , but relocated to Geauga County , Ohio , with his parents when he was fifteen years old . He and his father created a farm out of the wilderness area . He studied first medicine and then law , which he practiced with some success in Akron , Ohio . He taught in the Akron and Warren public schools to supplement his income from his legal business , helping to establish the graded - school system now common . From 1855 to 1858 , he was a professor of pleading and practice in the Ohio College of Law in Poland , and in 1858 became superintendent of schools at Zanesville , Ohio . He was a law partner of Jacob D . Cox . Civil War . At the beginning of the Civil War , Leggett served as a volunteer on the staff of his friend , Major General George B . McClellan in western Virginia . He helped raise the 78th Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was commissioned as its colonel in January 1862 . He commanded his regiment at the battles of Fort Donelson , Shiloh , and Corinth . In November 1862 , he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and participated in the Vicksburg Campaign , suffering a painful wound . After he recovered , Leggett commanded the 3rd Division of the VII Corps during the Atlanta Campaign and Sherman ' s March to the Sea . He was brevetted major general of volunteers in July 1864 , and was commissioned as a major general a year later . His last action was in the Carolinas Campaign during the spring of 1865 . Postbellum career . At the end of the war , Leggett returned to Zanesville and resumed his law practice . President Ulysses S . Grant appointed him as United States Commissioner of Patents in 1871 and , Leggett had that position until 1881 , when he resigned to resume his private practice . In 1884 , he founded a successful company that would become a part of General Electric . His son , Mortimer M . Leggett , was accidentally killed on October 14 , 1873 , during an initiation to the Cornell chapter of the Kappa Alpha Society . The younger Leggett was blindfolded and walking along a railroad trestle with other initiates , when he fell , striking the back of his head . Leggett was the first person known to die in a college fraternity initiation . Leggett died in Cleveland , Ohio , aged 74 , and was buried in Lakeview Cemetery .
Siege of Trebizond ( 1461 ) The Siege of Trebizond was a siege , in August 1461 , of the city of Trebizond , capital of the Empire of Trebizond , by the Ottomans under Sultan Mehmed II . After a month of siege , the city was surrendered by the emperor David of Trebizond , and the empire of Trebizond became part of the Ottoman Empire .
German submarine U - 60 ( 1939 ) German submarine " U - 60 " was a Type IIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " that served in the Second World War . She was built by Deutsche Werke AG , Kiel . Ordered on 21 July 1937 , she was laid down on 1 October that year as ' werk ' 259 . She was launched on 1 June 1939 and commissioned on 22 July under the command of " Oberleutnant " Georg Schewe . " U - 60 " was initially sent to the 5th U - boat Flotilla for training , until 1 October 1939 , when she was re - assigned to the 1st flotilla for a front - line combat role . " U - 60 " carried out nine war patrols , sinking three ships for a total of 7 , 561 GRT and damaging one other of 15 , 434 tons GRT . She then became a ' school ' or training boat with the 21st flotilla for the rest of her career . She was scuttled in May 1945 at Wilhelmshaven . Service History . 1st , 2nd and 3rd patrols . " U - 60 " s first patrol meant that she left and returned to Kiel in November 1939 , it involved the boat keeping close to the Norwegian coast . She moved from Kiel to Wilhelmshaven on 4 December 1939 . The boat began her second patrol on 12 December 1939 and laid mines off Great Yarmouth on the 15th . One of them was struck by the " City of Kobe " on the 19th . The ship sank , one crew member was lost . The submarine ' s third sortie involved patrolling the southern North Sea . It was uneventful . 4th , 5th and 6th patrols . " U - 60 " s next three outings took her as far north as the eastern Scottish coast , as far east as the Norwegian coast and as far south as Belgium in the North Sea , all to no avail . 7th , 8th and 9th patrols . Nor did her run of bad luck end there . On 1 August 1940 she was attacked by the Dutch submarine " O - 21 " . That same day Junkers Ju 88 s of KG 30 also attacked the boat . No damage from either assault was sustained . Things changed when she sank the " Nils Gorthan " north northeast of Malin Head ( the northernmost tip of the island of Ireland ) , on the 13th . After the patrol , she docked at Lorient in occupied France , on 18 August . The boat ' s eighth patrol included an attack on the " Volendam " about west of the Bloody Foreland ( northwest Ireland ) on 31 August 1940 . The ship survived a hit from a torpedo , but while she was being docked prior to repairs being carried out , a second , unexploded torpedo was discovered lodged in the vessel ' s hull . " U - 60 " was more successful with the " Ulva " , sinking her on 3 September north northwest of Inishtrahull ( the most northerly island of Ireland ) . " U - 60 " departed her French Atlantic base ( Lorient ) on 16 September 1940 , heading for Bergen in Norway . Her route took her west of Ireland and through the ' gap ' between the Faroe and the Shetland Islands . The boat arrived in the Nordic port on 2 October . She then moved from Bergen back to Kiel over October .
Robert Grant ( VC ) Robert Grant VC ( 1837 – 23 November 1874 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Military service . Grant was approximately 20 years old , and a corporal ( subsequently promoted to sergeant ) in the 1st Battalion , 5th Regiment of Foot ( later The Northumberland Fusiliers ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place at Alumbagh for which he was awarded the VC . The citation was published in the " London Gazette " of 19 June 1860 , and initially Grant was incorrectly named as Ewart , which was corrected in a subsequent " Gazette " of 12 October 1860 . The citation read : Police service . He later became a constable in the Metropolitan Police , and served in the Y Division Holloway area until his death of what was then commonly known as consumption in 1874 . He was buried , at the expense of the parish , in a paupers ' grave , number 15054 , in Highgate Cemetery , North London . A replica of his Victoria Cross is displayed at the Northumberland Fusiliers Museum in Alnwick Castle in Northumberland . In 2007 and 2008 moves were made to properly commemorate both his military and police service with a memorial stone to be unveiled by the head of London ' s police service , Sir Ian Blair . He is also commemorated in his home town of Harrogate with a plaque at the War Memorial .
Isaac White Isaac White was born around 1776 in Prince William County , Virginia . He was an American frontiersman who was in charge of the salt works in Equality , Illinois . He was a close friend to Gov . William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory , and to Joseph Hamilton Daviess , U . S . District Attorney for Kentucky . Like Daviess , he answered Gov . Harrison ' s call for volunteers to march on Tecumseh ' s village at Prophetstown . White was a colonel in the Illinois militia . Gov . Harrison declined the offer of Illinois troops . Col . White therefore enlisted as a private in the Indiana dragoons , which had been placed under the command of Daviess , who had also volunteered for Indiana service . At Fort Vincennes the two exchanged swords . Both were killed at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 , where they were buried in a common grave .
86th Fighter Weapons Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 86th Fighter Weapons Squadron ( 86 FWS ) conducts the Air Force air - to - ground weapon system evaluation program . The 86th FWS evaluates the total air - to - ground precision guided munitions process including weapon buildup , weapon loading , aircraft , aircrew employment procedures , support equipment , technical data and maintenance actions . The squadron hosts active and guard WSEP deployments annually at Eglin AFB and Hill AFB , Utah . The annual launching of 450 - plus PGMs evaluates the Air Force ' s air - to - ground precision capabilities and also provides full - scale PGM employment training for combat Air Force crews as a secondary objective . The weapons currently evaluated include the AGM - 130 , EGBU - 15 , GBU - 10 , GBU - 12 , GBU - 24 , GBU - 27 , GBU - 28 , GBU - 31 JDAM , AGM - 65 Maverick , AGM - 86 CALCM , AGM - 154 JSOW , AGM - 88 High - Speed Anti - radiation Missile , and the Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser . Squadron personnel verify weapon system performance , determine reliability , evaluate capability and limitations , identify deficiencies , recommend corrective action , and maintain Combat Air Force - wide data . The squadron investigates PGM envelopes and evaluates capabilities and limitations to determine future employment requirements . They provide liaison support for pre - deployment , employment , and redeployment of Air Combat Command , United States Air Forces in Europe , Pacific Air Forces , Air National Guard , and Air Force Reserve assets participating in WSEP .
Fausto Pocar Judge Fausto Pocar ( born 1939 ) is an Italian jurist . He is professor of International Law at the University of Milan . From 1984 to 2000 , he was an elected member of the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations , serving as the committee ' s chair from 1991 to 1992 . Pocar served in the Italian delegation to the UN General Assembly in New York and to the Commission of Human Rights in Geneva several times . In 1999 , he was appointed as a judge to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) , and was President of this tribunal from November 2005 to November 2008 . He is also a member of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ( ICTR ) since 2000 . His article , ' International Criminal Tribunals and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law against Civilians and Prisoner of War ' , was published in " International Criminal Law and Human Rights , " edited by Manoj Kumar Sinha ( Manak Publications , New Delhi , 2010 ) . Fausto Pocar taught " Sistema de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas " at American University Washington College of Law ' s Academy on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law as a visiting scholar in the summer of 2012 .
Tactica of Emperor Leo VI the Wise The Tactica ( ) is a military treatise written by or on behalf of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise in ca . 895 - 908 and later edited by his son , Constantine VII . Drawing on earlier authors such as Aelian , Onasander and the " Strategikon " of emperor Maurice , it is one of the major works on Byzantine military tactics , written on the eve of Byzantium ' s " age of reconquest " . The original Greek title is ( " short instruction of the tactics of war " ) . The " Tactica " elaborates on a wide variety of issues , such as infantry and cavalry formations , drills , siege and naval warfare etc . It is written in a legislative form of language and comprises 20 Constitutions ( " Diataxeis " ) and an Epilogue and is concluded by 12 additional chapters , the latter mainly focusing on ancient tactics . Text . The text of the " Tactica " is transmitted in several manuscript prototypes , of which the most authoritative date to within a generation of Leo himself . Leo mentions within the " Tactica " , that Christianity could adopt Islam ' s doctrine of a " " holy war " " for its military applications . An edition with English translation by G . T . Dennis ( ed . ) , " The Taktika of Leo VI . Text , Translation and Commentary " ( [ CFHB 49 ] Dumbarton Oaks , Washington , D . C . 2010 ) , was translated from a 10th century Florentine manuscript . Contents . Additions
Alabama Confederate Soldiers Home The Alabama Confederate Soldiers Home was the official home for former soldiers of the Confederate States of America by the state of Alabama , located in what is now Confederate Memorial Park in Mountain Creek in Chilton County , Alabama . It was founded in 1901 by former Confederate veteran Jefferson Manly Falkner , a lawyer from Montgomery , Alabama . He wished to provide a home for former Confederate veterans and their wives and widows who could no longer support themselves even with pensions . ( Originally , the wives had to have their Confederate husbands be alive and living at the homes , but in 1915 the rules were changed to permit widows ) . He donated in 1902 for the purpose of housing such residents in Mountain Creek , a summer resort area . The state government took control of the operations at the home in 1903 . It was the only official home for Confederate veterans in Alabama . The home included a small hospital , a dairy barn , mess hall , and nineteen domiciles , with a then - modern sewage systems . At its height between 1914 and 1918 , 91 veterans and nineteen widows of such veterans lived at the home . A total of 650 – 800 individuals lived at the home at one time or another , most from Alabama , but some had lived in other states during the war , and came to Alabama after the war . The last veteran in the home died in 1934 . The home closed in October 1939 , with the five widows left at the home moved south to a home in Montgomery , where they could receive better care . The Mountain Creek Baptist Church first met at the Home in 1908 , spending its first two years there . Even though the church moved out , the earliest surviving church records show many of the Confederate veterans still going to the church in the 1920s . The grounds include two cemeteries , with 313 graves . A museum with relics from the war and the home is on the site . Also at the site is a Methodist church and the Mountain Creek Post Office . The home ' s cemetery rosters , insurance papers , and superintendent reports are available at the Alabama Dept . of Archives and History in Montgomery .
Naval ensign of Poland The naval ensign ( or war ensign ) of the Republic of Poland ( ) is a swallowtailed horizontal bicolor of white and red with the national coat of arms in the middle of the white stripe . It has been used by the Polish Navy since 1919 .