naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell , ( 25 August 1783 – 1864 ) , was a French admiral and the governor from May 1838 to October 1841 of the " Isle de Bourbon " in the Indian Ocean - now known as the French overseas department of Réunion . History . Early career . Born in the Alsace as a promising young nobleman , in Oberkirch ( now Germany ) , he received his first military commission as a sub - lieutenant at the age of six ( not totally unheard of at the time ) and was sent by his family to a friend at Brest during the upheavals of the French Revolution . There , it was considered that it would be safest - and best for his education as a young officer - to send him on a warship . In this position as a junior officer , he apparently conducted himself well , and historians of the time as well as family documents praise his skill , intelligence and charisma . After rising up to rear admiral rank during the wars of the First Empire , he became commander of the " École Navale " ( naval academy ) at Brest ( a mostly administrative post , as all actual training occurred at sea ) , before being named governor of the Isle de Bourbon . Isle de Bourbon . During his short tenure on Reunion , one of his main challenges was to smooth the difficulties associated with the slave emancipation pushed forward by the French homeland . As a slave - based plantation - society , there was considerable resistance from the local landholder class , though de Hell apparently enjoyed some success in his transition work . At the time of his departure , he had the admiration of much of the local populace , a favor he apparently returned . He is known to have been especially impressed with the Cirque de Salazie . The Reunion village of Hell - Bourg is named after him , as is Hell - Ville on Nosy - Be , Madagaskar ( there is also a gastropod named after him , " Strombus hellii " , discovered by Kiener in 1843 ) . Return to France . Returning to France , he received the post of the " Préfet Maritime de Cherbourg " . Later on , he was elected the Strasbourg member of the " Chambre des députés " and finally " Président du conseil général " ( roughly analogous to provincial governor ) of Bas - Rhin . In 1847 , he was named to lead the " Direction générale des cartes et plans de la marine " ( naval cartography office ) . He died in 1864 at the age of 81 at his ancestral castle near Oberkirch , and even though over 20 years had gone by since his governorship , Réunion records note that a large number of locals turned out to mourn him .
Alberto Bayo Alberto Bayo y Giroud ( 1892 , Camagüey — 1967 , Havana ) was a Cuban military leader of the defeated left - wing Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War . He was also a poet and essayist . He was born in Cuba and studied in the United States and Spain . Bayo ' s most significant action during the Spanish Civil War was his invasion and retreat from the islands of Ibiza and Majorca . After that war was lost , Bayo had a furniture factory in Mexico , and is said to have been an instructor at the Military Academy of Guadalajara . Bayo had contact in Mexico with prominent Latin America n revolutionaries , and was associate / mentor of some , including Ernesto Che Guevara and Fidel Castro . While it is not known if he continued direct contact with Soviet Union agents such as " Comandante Carlos Contreras " Vittorio Vidali after the war was lost in Spain , both were present in Mexico for throughout the same period . Alberto Bayo died a General of the Cuban Armed Forces .
John W . Roper John W . Roper was a Vice Admiral in the United States Navy . Career . Roper was a graduate of the United States Naval Academy , Class of 1918 . During World War I , he served aboard the USS Roe ( DD - 24 ) . Later , Roper would assume command of the USS Wisconsin ( BB - 64 ) for the closing months of World War II , succeeding Earl E . Stone . During that time , he led the Wisconsin in the Battle of Okinawa . For his service during the battle , he was awarded the Legion of Merit . Previously , he had been given a Letter of Commendation for his services in the South Pacific Area , during which time he helped plan the Guadalcanal and Solomon Islands Campaigns .
8th Dragoon Regiment ( France ) " For the 8th Dragoons in the British Army , see 8th King ' s Royal Irish Hussars . " The 8th Dragoon Regiment ( " 8e régiment de dragons " or " 8e RD " ) was a cavalry regiment in the French Army . It was set up in 1674 by the marquis of Heudicourt under the Ancien Régime . After a final African campaign ( its 1st squadron landed during Operation Musketeer ) , its standard and number were transferred to the 4th Hussar Regiment , then based at Morhange , on 1 February 1964 . Its battle honours were , , , , La Mortagne 1914 , Flanders 1918 and Aisne 1918 .
34th Air Division The 34th Air Division ( 34th AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command , being stationed at Custer Air Force Station , Michigan . It was inactivated on 31 December 1969 . History . Assigned to Air Defense Command ( ADC ) for most of its existence , from January 1951 – until 1960 the 34th administered , trained , operated and supported assigned units , and placed all available combat capable elements in a maximum state of readiness . Initially , its area of responsibility included Arizona , New Mexico , and parts of Nevada , Utah , Colorado , and Texas . Redesignated Albuquerque Air Defense Sector on 1 January 1960 . Reactivated on 1 April 1966 , to perform Air Defense including all or part of Michigan , Indiana , Ohio , New York , Pennsylvania , West Virginia , Kentucky , Tennessee , and Virginia assuming responsibility for the missions of the Detroit and parts of the Syracuse Air Defense Sector s . Assumed additional designation of 34th NORAD Region after activation of the NORAD Combat Operations Center at Cheyenne Mountain , Colorado and reporting was transferred to NORAD from ADC at Ent AFB in April 1966 . The division participated in numerous live and simulated exercises such as Fainting Echo , Apache Arrow , and Fainting Knife . Inactivated in December 1969 as ADC phased down its interceptor mission as the chances of a Soviet bomber attack on the United States seemed remote , its mission being consolidated into North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ) .
Nguyen Chi Thanh General Nguyễn Chí Thanh ( 1914 - July 7 , 1967 ) was a North Vietnam ese officer who was born in Thua Thien Province in Central Vietnam to a peasant family . His original name was Nguyễn Văn Vịnh . He joined the Indochinese Communist Party in the mid - 1930s and apparently spent most of the Second World War in a French prison . He worked for the Party in Central Vietnam until his rise to the Politburo in 1951 . During the First Indochina War Thanh was made a general of the People ' s Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) . From 1965 until his death he served as the leading strategist and military commander of COSVN , the southern headquarters of communist military and political operations within the Republic of Vietnam . In late 1967 , he presented plans for what was to become the Tet Offensive to the Politburo , but died of a heart attack shortly after receiving permission to implement his plan .
Stalag VIII - E Stalag VIII - E ( also known as Stalag 308 ) was a German World War II prisoner - of - war camp located next to the village of Neuhammer , Silesia ( now Świętoszów , Poland ) . It was about south of the camps Stalag VIII - C and Stalag Luft III at Sagan , Germany , ( now Żagań , Poland ) . It was built on a large German Army training ground that is still in use today by the Polish Land Forces ' 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade . Camp history . The camp was built in September 1939 to house several thousand prisoners from the invasion of Poland . After May 1940 , they were joined by French prisoners taken during the Battle of France . In July 1941 the Poles and French were transferred to other camps , and were replaced with Soviet prisoners . In June 1942 , Stalag VIII - E became a sub - camp ( " Zweiglager " ) of Stalag VIII - C and was renamed Stalag VIII - C / Z . By June 1942 , more than 100 , 000 prisoners were crowded into the camp . As a result of starvation and disease , mainly typhoid fever and tuberculosis , almost half of them died before the end of the war . The camp was liberated by the Red Army on 15 February 1945 . Post - war the camp was used by the Soviets to hold German Army and Polish Home Army prisoners before their transfer to Russia . Memorial . In 1961 , a monument was erected at the cemetery next to the site of Stalag VIII - C in remembrance of the thousands who died there . In 1971 , the " Museum to the Martyrdom of Allied Prisoners of War " was established on the site of the camp to house mementos and records of both Stalag VIII - C and Stalag Luft III , as well as Stalag VIII - E .
USS Joseph F . Bellows ( SP - 323 ) USS " Joseph F . Bellows " ( SP - 323 ) was a fishing boat purchased by the U . S . Navy during World War I . She was outfitted as an armed minesweeper and was assigned to the Virginia coast . Post - war she served as a tender and supply ship until sold in 1919 . Built in Maryland . " Joseph F . Bellows " ( SP - 323 ) , a fishing steamer built in 1912 by E . J . Tull , Pocomoke City , Maryland , was acquired by the Navy from Bellows and Squires , Inc . , Ocran , Virginia , in May 1917 . She commissioned 18 May 1917 , Ens . T . C . Christopher , USNRF , in command . World War I service . Assigned to the 5th Naval District at Norfolk , Virginia , " Joseph F . Bellows " operated as a minesweeper off Cape Henry and in the convoy channel to Hampton Roads , Virginia . Post - war service . After the armistice ending World War I was signed , she acted as a lightship tender and a supply ship until July 1919 . Decommissioning and sale . " Joseph F . Bellows " was sold 2 July 1919 to NcNeal Dodson Co . , Inc . , Reedville , Virginia .
Pierce County Jail The Pierce County Jail was a temporary prisoner of war camp located in Blackshear , Georgia , during the American Civil War . During Union Maj . Gen . William T . Sherman ' s 1864 " March to the Sea , " Confederate officials hastily made plans to evacuate a number of existing POW camps and relocate their occupants farther from the Federal army . As Blackshear is deep in southeast Georgia in a pine forest , it was thought to be a safe place for this relocation . The new prison was simply an open camp in a remote place , surrounded by a guardline , including some heavy artillery pieces . During the month of November in 1864 , some 5 , 000 Union Soldiers began arriving at Blackshear . The first shipment of 600 prisoners arrived by the Atlantic & Gulf Railroad on November 16 from Savannah . Within a few weeks , the population had swelled to nearly 5 , 000 . As Sherman approached the coastline , most of the prisoners were further evacuated to Charleston , South Carolina , and other places . By December , the " corral " at Blackshear was empty of Union prisoners . Approximately 27 Union soldiers were buried in Blackshear until the close of the war , when they were reinterred at Beaufort National Cemetery , Beaufort , South Carolina . Their names are unknown .
Long Range Reconnaissance Escadrille Long Range Reconnaissance Escadrille ( " Eskadry Dalekiego Rozpoznania " ) was a unit of the Naval Air Squadron ( " Polish Morski Dywizjon Lotniczy " ) at the beginning of world war 2 . Air Crew . Commander : kpt . mar . pil . Roman Borowiec Equipment . 2 Lublin R - VIII ter floatplanes and 1 CANT Z . 506 B
Robert P . Taylor Chaplain ( Major General ) Robert Preston Taylor , USAF ( April 11 , 1909 – February 1 , 1997 ) was an American military officer who served as the 3rd Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force . A graduate of Baylor University in Waco , Texas , he notably served as a chaplain during World War II and was a Prisoner of War and survivor of the Bataan Death March . He began his tenure as chief of chaplains , on September 1 , 1962 and served until his retirement on August 1 , 1966 .
Herbert Carter ( pilot ) Herbert E . Carter ( September 27 , 1919 – November 8 , 2012 ) was an American Retired Lt . Colonel of the United States Air Force . Carter was a member of the original thirty - three members of the Tuskegee Airmen . Carter flew seventy - seven missions with the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II . Carter was born in Amory , Mississippi on September 27 , 1919 . He was one of ten children in his family . Carter served in the United States Air Force for twenty - five years before retiring as a Lt . Colonel in 1969 . He obtained a Bachelor ' s of Science in education in 1955 and a Master ' s Degree in education in 1969 , both degrees from the Tuskegee Institute , while simultaneously serving as an active - duty Air Force officer . Carter served at the Tuskegee Institute as an associate dean for student services , associate dean for admission and recruiting , and a financial aid counselor following his retirement from the Air Force . Lt . Colonel Herbert Carter died at the East Alabama Medical Center in Opelika , Alabama , on November 8 , 2012 , at the age of 93 . Carter was the last surviving Tuskegee Airman from Mississippi . His late wife , Mildred L . Hemmons - Carter , who died in 2011 , was the first African American woman to become a licensed pilot in the state of Alabama . Together , the Carters were known as the " First Family " of the Tuskegee Airmen .
Hispano HA - 100 The Hispano HA - 100 Triana ( named for the district of Seville where the Hispano Aviación plant was located ) was a military trainer aircraft developed in Spain in the 1950s . The first aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt after World War II , it was a conventional , low - wing cantilever monoplane with retractable tricycle undercarriage . The pilot and instructor sat in tandem . The programme was initiated when the Spanish government issued a requirement in 1951 for a replacement for the Hispano HS - 42 s and HA - 43 s then in service . Hispano proposed two versions with different engine power , the HA - 100E and HA - 100F , the former for basic training , the latter for advanced training , and the construction of two prototypes of each was undertaken . Development was fraught with problems , mostly in obtaining suitable parts , and most particularly with engines . The ENMASA Sirio was originally selected for the HA - 100E , but when this proved unavailable , the ENMASA Beta was used instead , a heavier and much more powerful engine than had been wanted for the basic trainer . As it transpired , the performance of this engine was far from satisfactory , and when the second prototype flew in February 1955 ( the first HA - 100F ) , it was powered by a Wright R - 1300 . Flight testing was very positive , and the HA - 100 performed well in comparative tests against the American T - 28 Trojan , leading to a contract for 40 of the aircraft . However , obtaining engines remained a stumbling block , with Spain unable to afford to import the Wright engine in quantity . Eventually , production ground to a halt , and the decision was taken to scrap the airframes under construction , salvaging only the wings and empennages for use on the HA - 200 project .
Itagaki Nobukata Nobukata served under both Takeda Nobutora and Takeda Shingen and also was tasked with young Shingen . In 1541 Nobutora , along with Amari Torayasu , was driven out from the position of the head of Takeda clan , and he served as the general for Shingen often leading the troops into a battle when Shingen could not . In 1542 , he would personally finish off Takato Yoritsugu at Ankokuji , shortly after the Siege of Fukuyo . In 1545 , he successfully captured Takato castle . In 1546 , he defeated Uesugi Norimasa at Usui Toge . With these victories , he was instrumental in gaining the control of Shinano Province and proved himself a skilled tactician . He was known as one of the " Twenty - Four Generals of Takeda Shingen " . After these victories , Nobukata increasingly became selfish and started to hold victory ceremonies without firmly winning a battle . These victories rapidly became fewer . As Nobukata was the eldest of the Takeda retainers and having educated Shingen , few could criticize his actions . In 1547 , Nobukata and his troops were almost completely wiped out in a battle against the Murakami clan and without a timely rescue by Hara Toratane , Nobukata himself would have been in danger as well . Shingen offered the following " waka " to Nobukata to encourage him to correct his act . In 1548 at the Battle of Uedahara , Nobutaka , satisfied with a victory , had his troops stand down to hold a ceremony . Murakami ' s troop regrouped and counterattacked , killing Nobutaka and Amari Torayasu . The Meiji era politician Itagaki Taisuke was Nobukata ' s direct descendant , 12 generations removed . In fiction . In NHK ' s 2007 Taiga drama " Fūrinkazan " , Itagaki is played by Chiba Shin ' ichi .
William G . M . Davis William George Mackey Davis ( May 9 , 1812 – March 11 , 1898 ) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general and blockade runner during the American Civil War . He was a lawyer and cotton speculator before the war and a lawyer in Washington , D . C . after the war . Early life . Wlliam George Mackey Davis was born on May 9 , 1812 in Portsmouth , Virginia . At age 17 , he became a sailor . Later he lived in Alabama and then moved to Apalachicola , Florida where he became a lawyer and cotton speculator . American Civil War . When the American Civil War started , Davis donated $ 50 , 000 to the Confederate States and raised the 1st Florida Cavalry Regiment for the Confederate States Army . He was elected colonel and given command of the Confederate provisional forces in eastern Florida . On March 25 , 1862 , he was sent to join General Joseph E . Johnston in Tennessee . There , he commanded the 2d brigade in the 2d division ( Heth ' s ) from about July 3 , 1862 to October 31 , 1862 , then the 1st brigade of the 3rd division ( Heth ' s ) of the Department of East Tennessee until December 1862 . During the later period , on November 6 , 1862 , he was promoted to brigadier general . He commanded the 1st brigade of the District , Department of East Tennessee from December 1862 to early 1863 . He then served as commander of the Department of East Tennessee until he resigned his commission on May 6 , 1863 . Soon after his resignation from the Confederate States army , Davis lived in Richmond , Virginia and Wilmington , North Carolina where he ran a fleet of blockade runners between Wilmington and Nassau . Aftermath . After a brief period of residence in Jacksonville , Florida after the war , Davis was pardoned on June 9 , 1866 . He then moved to Washington , D . C . and resumed the practice of law . Davis died at Alexandria , Virginia , March 11 , 1898 . He is buried in Tacket - Burroughs - Davis Cemetery , Remington , Virginia .
Salamanca order of battle The following units and commanders fought at the Battle of Salamanca on July 22 , 1812 during the Peninsular War . Allied Army . Commander - in - Chief of the Allied Army : Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington Commander - in - Chief of the Portuguese Army : Marshal William C . Beresford ( w ) Ltc De Lancy , Deputy Quartermaster - General ( acting as Quartermaster - General ) Ltc May , Adjutant - General ( Royal Artillery ) ( w ) Ltc Dundas Ltc Sturgeion Ltc Waters Maj Scovell Mr . Bisset , Commissary - General Dr . MacGregor , Surgeion - General BG Don Miguel R . de Álava y Esquivel , Spanish Liaison officer BG Don Joseph O ` Lawlor , Spanish Liaison officer French Army . Marshal Auguste de Marmont , Commander - in - Chief ( w ) MG Jean Pierre François Bonet ( w ) MG Bertrand Clausel ( w ) Chief of Artillery : BG Louis Tirlet
Torpex Torpex is a secondary explosive 50 % more powerful than TNT by mass . Torpex comprises 42 % RDX , 40 % TNT and 18 % powdered aluminium . It was used in the Second World War from late 1942 . The name is short for ' Torpedo Explosive ' , having been originally developed for use in torpedo es . Torpex proved to be particularly useful in underwater munitions because the aluminium component had the effect of making the explosive pulse last longer , which enhanced the destructive power . Torpex was used only in critical applications , e . g . torpedoes and the Upkeep , Tallboy and Grand Slam bombs . It was also used in the Operation Aphrodite drones . Torpex has long been superseded by H6 and PBX compositions . It is therefore regarded as obsolete , so Torpex is unlikely to be encountered except in the form of legacy munitions or unexploded ordnance . Development . Torpex was developed at the Royal Gunpowder Factory , Waltham Abbey , in the United Kingdom as a more powerful military alternative to TNT . RDX was developed in 1899 . Though very stable and serving as the reference point by which the sensitivity of other explosives are judged , it was too expensive for most military applications and reserved for use in the most important products , such as torpedoes . Aluminium powder was also added to the mix to further enhance the effect . Although both RDX and TNT have a negative oxygen balance , the superheated aluminium component tends to contribute primarily by extending the expansion time of the explosive product gasses . Beeswax was also added as a phlegmatizing agent , to reduce sensitivity to shock and impact . Later , beeswax was replaced with paraffin wax , and calcium carbonate was added as a moisture absorber to reduce the production of hydrogen gas under high humidity .