naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thomas Dinesen Thomas Fasti Dinesen VC ( 9 August 1892 – 10 March 1979 ) was a Danish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was the younger brother of the noted author Karen Blixen ( who used the pen name Isak Dinesen ) . Details . He was born in in an affluent and aristocratic family in Rungsted , Denmark . Following the outbreak of the First World War , Dinesen attempted to enlist in the British , French , and United States armies , before finally being accepted by the Canadian Corps in 1917 . He enlisted in the Black Watch of Canada regiment . During the Battle of Amiens he was 26 years old , and a private in the 42nd ( Royal Highlanders of Canada ) Battalion , Canadian Expeditionary Force when , on 12 August 1918 at Parvillers , France , he displayed conspicuous bravery when , five times in succession , he rushed forward alone against entrenched enemy troops and put hostile guns out of action . He was credited with killing 12 of the enemy using both bayonet and grenade , and with inspiring his comrades at a very critical stage of the action . For this action , Dinesen was awarded the Victoria Cross ( or VC ) . He also received the French Croix de guerre . He later achieved the rank of lieutenant . Thomas ' s sister Karen ( whom he , and most of their Danish friends , called " Tanne " ) later wrote that her brother ' s bravery , and the recognition from the English Crown , in some measure saved her own reputation in the community of British colonials among whom she lived in British East Africa . According to Blixen , she had inadvertently alienated many of her neighbors by helping to buy horses for a German officer she met on board ship while sailing to Kenya for the first time . Only months later this officer , General Paul Emil von Lettow - Vorbeck , was named commander of the German forces in East Africa , and waged an effective campaign against Blixen ' s English neighbors . Blixen commented that the suspicion and resentment this aroused in her fellow colonists only subsided after her brother won the VC . Life after the war . In 1918 , Thomas Dinesen moved to British East Africa to help his sister manage her coffee farm in the Ngong hills southwest of Nairobi . He was his mercurial sister ' s most reliable confidant . He designed and largely built the farm ' s coffee - roasting plant ( which later burned down ) . Early in 1923 , Thomas left the colonial life and returned to Denmark . In his later years he took up writing , and wrote a number of books in Danish . The best known is " Tanne " , about his famous sister . In 1929 he published the book " No man ' s land : En dansker med canadierne ved vestfronten . " It was translated into English in 1930 under the title " Merry Hell ! : A Dane with the Canadians . " The book describes his troublesome way to the Western Front as well as the events that won him the VC . He is buried in Hørsholm Churchyard , Hørsholm , Denmark .
Caproni Ca . 122 The Caproni Ca . 122 was a prototype bomber and military transport aircraft built in Italy in the mid - 1930s . It was a conventional low - wing monoplane with fixed undercarriage . Power was provided by twin Gnome - Rhône 14K radial engines . No production ensued for either this or the a 28 - seat airliner version designated Ca . 123 .
Irish Army deafness claims The Irish Army deafness claims were a series of personal injury claims taken against the Government of Ireland by members of the Irish Defence Forces . The claimants had suffered loss of hearing caused by exposure to loud noises during military operations and training . The claims stated that the government had failed to provide ear protectors during firing exercises , as was required under regulations dating back to the 1950s . , the Minister for Defence expected the total liability to amount to €300 million to 17 , 000 claimants , each claimant receiving an average of almost €18 , 000 . As the Department Of Defence failed to provide the necessary funding to purchase hearing protection for members of the Defence Forces , none of the officers that had supervised the exercises could be censured for failing to abide by the regulations . Also as of 2004 , 328 claims had been settled in court , with 14 , 681 claims being settled out of court . In 2006 it was alleged that in some 152 claims the solicitors had double - charged their fees , but nobody was charged . By 2010 , the costs had escalated to about €321 million , of which about a third had been paid to the complainants ' lawyers .
Borve Castle , Sutherland Borve Castle in Sutherland , Scottish Highlands is now a ruin . Formerly called the House of Burro . It was built in Kirtomy Bay near the hamlet of Farr . History . The castle , which may have originally been constructed by a Norseman by the name of Torquil , was a stronghold of Clan Mackay that they used as a base to carry out raids on their neighbours the Clan Sutherland . The Mackays failed to appear in front of Mary of Guise , the mother of Mary , Queen of Scots , and as a result the John Gordon , 11th Earl of Sutherland , chief of Clan Sutherland was ordered to destroy the castle . Guise hired a private ship , the " Lion " in August 1554 to attack the Castle . Sir Hew Kennedy of Girvanmains , the Earl ' s stepfather ( or Stepbrother ) , embarked 50 men of war and the royal gunner Hans Cochrane with a cannon . It is also said that a cannon was dragged all the way from Edinburgh . Rory Mor Mackay , Captain of the castle was apparently dismayed to see that the enemy was armed with a cannon as the castle had withstood all previous sieges . The castle was destroyed and Rory Mor Mackay was hanged . In November Kennedy returned to Edinburgh with Y Dhu Mackay who was imprisoned in Dumbarton and then Edinburgh Castle . After Borve Castle was destroyed a force from the Clan Mackay assembled under John Mor Mackay and engaged in battle with the Clan Sutherland , known as the Battle of Garbharry where the Mackays were defeated . This was the last battle between the clans Sutherland and Mackay . Historical accounts . Historian Sir Robert Gordon ( 1580 – 1656 ) ( younger son of Alexander Gordon , 12th Earl of Sutherland ) wrote of the siege of Borve Castle in his book " A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland " : " The Queen granted commission to John Gordon , Earl of Sutherland , against Iye MacKay and his country . The Earl of Sutherland , assisted by Huntly , and having the regent ' s commission , raised an overwhelming force , and for the first time that ever any Earl of Sutherland adventured to do so , invaded MacKay ' s country . So Earl John assembling all his forces , entered into Strathnaver , sack - ing and spoiling before him in a hostile manner , and possessed all the places of doubt , lest , as Hollinshed sayeth , any hole might be left for them to pass away from thence . But when Earl John perceived that Iye MacKay would not abide and fight him , he besieged the strong castle and fort called Borwe , the principal strength of that country , not two miles distant from Far . After a short siege , he took it by force , and hanged Rory MacKean - Voir , captain thereof . "
9th Hussar Regiment ( France ) The 9th Hussar Regiment ( " 9e régiment de hussards " ) was a hussar regiment of the French Army . History . The regiment ' s ancestry is drawn from two separate units , one originating in a squadron of the Hussards de la Liberté and the other in the Régiment des Guides . Hussards de la Liberté . Its origins lay in the Hussards de la Liberté , set up on 2 September 1792 and by a royal decree dated 23 November 1792 . This unit was divided into two squadrons of 200 men each ( the first squadron made up of volunteers from Paris and the second from volunteers from Lille ) and came ninth in the army order of precedence by a decree of the French National Convention of 4 June 1793 . On 25 March 1793 , that unit ' s second squadron became the 10th Hussar Regiment ( whilst on 1 May 1794 the first squadron of the Hussards de la Liberté became the " 7e régiment bis de hussards " ) . On 4 June 1794 , after the defection of the 4th Hussar Regiment , the 10th Hussar Regiment was re - numbered as the 9th Hussar Regiment . It was part of the armée du Rhin in 1796 and the armée du Danube in 1798 . It was known as the " Hussards Rouges " or Red Hussars after its scarlet dolman s . It then formed part of the Grande Armée from 1805 onwards , gaining glory at , , Stettin and . In 1809 it charged at and , then in 1812 at , and in 1813 at and . What remained of the regiment after the retreat through Germany was converted into the " régiment de Berry - hussards " ( with precedence number 6 ) on 12 May 1814 . On 27 September 1840 , by decree of Louis Philippe I of France , the 9th Hussars was re - created out of detachments from the 1st Hussar Regiment , 3rd Hussar Regiment , 4th Hussar Regiment , 6th Hussar Regiment and 9th Mounted Chasseur Regiment . Its dolman was now black and it was nicknamed the " Hussards Noirs " or Black Hussars , a name it held until the proclamation of the Second French Empire . On 4 May 1856 it was disbanded . Régiment des Guides . Meanwhile , in 1852 , the Régiment des Guides was formed . On 1 May 1854 this became the régiment des guides de la Garde Impériale , then in 1871 a new 9th Hussar Regiment . This fought in the First World War , before being disbanded in 1922 at Chambéry , where it was then on garrison duties . It was briefly re - formed in 1944 , before being permanently re - created on 20 May 1956 at Sissonne to fight in Oranie . In 1962 it served as the garrison at Reims , before being disbanded on 1 June 1964 , becoming the 18th Dragoon Regiment as the Reims garrison . On 1 July 1964 it was recreated for the Algerian War before being finally disbanded in 1979 .
Corvette lieutenant Corvette lieutenant is a rank in some navies , especially those of Spain and Latin America , roughly equivalent to a Royal Navy acting sub - lieutenant or a US Navy ensign . The rank did exist in the French Navy during the Ancien Régime , but has now been replaced with ship of the line ensign ( second class ) ( French : " enseigne de vaisseau de deuxième classe " ) . The NATO rank code is OF - 1 ( junior ) Austria - Hungary . In the Austro - Hungarian Navy the rank of Korvettenleutnant or " tengerészzászlós " was the lowest officer rank . Usually only reserve officers were commissioned as " Korvettenleutnant " . Professional officers would be commissioned as " Fregattenleutnant " , the next higher rank . " Korvettenleutnant " s would wear the same rank insignia as " Seefähnrich e " .
Battle of Simmon ' s Bluff The Battle of Simmon ' s Bluff was a minor and bloodless Union victory , fought June 21 , 1862 , in Meggett , South Carolina , during the American Civil War . Union forces had laid siege to Charleston , which was being resupplied from a nearby railroad . Union forces were eager to capture the city , so they sent the 55th Pennsylvania Infantry regiment to sever the rail line . The 55th Pennsylvania departed by sea shortly before the battle in search of a place to land closer to the railroad . On June 21 , the 55th Pennsylvania came ashore at Wadmelaw Sound . Union forces discovered an encampment of the 16th South Carolina Infantry regiment , and quickly razed the encampment and engaged the Confederate forces . The Confederates scattered after the encampment was razed and were unable to launch an effective counterattack . There were no reports of injuries on either side . After the raid , the Union forces returned to their ships and abandoned their original objective , which was to interrupt the rail line to Charleston .
Camilo Valenzuela Camilo Valenzuela was a Chilean General and chief of the garrison in Santiago de Chile . In 1970 he led a group that with intent to stop the newly elected Salvador Allende from being inaugurated as president , tried to kidnap constitutionalist Army Commander - in - Chief René Schneider . General Camilo Valenzuela met with other heads of the armed forces of Chile , previously contacted by the CIA or ONI , as Admiral José Toribio Merino . Other officials contacted were the Admiral Hugo Tirado , General of Carabineros Vicente Huerta Celis , Colonel Igualt and a group of civilians . On October 19 , 1970 , the group , supplied with tear gas grenades delivered by the CIA , made an attempt to kidnap Schneider as he was leaving a bachelor party . But the attempt failed because Schneider left in a private car and not the expected official vehicle . A second attempt October 20 was also unsuccessful . The CIA assured Valenzuela that " USG support for anti - Allende action continues . " But they also concluded : " since Valenzuela ’ s group is apparently having considerable difficulty executing even the first step of its coup plan , the prospect for a coup succeeding or even occurring before 24 October [ the day for the Congressional vote ] now appears remote . " At 2 a . m . , October 22 , machine guns were handed over from the CIA to Valenzuela ' s group . But before Valenzuela could make a new kidnap attempt , Schneider was shot later that day by a group led by Roberto Viaux , and died three days later in hospital . ( The weapons supplied to Valenzuela were not used in the killing . ) Following the shooting , Valenzuela was appointed " Jefe del Plaza for Law and Order " / chief of Santiago province and Schneider was succeeded by General Carlos Prats . On October 24 the Congress confirmed Allende as president . The attempts to prevent Salvador Allende from taking office had failed . Military courts in Chile found that Schneider ' s death was caused by two military groups , one led by Roberto Viaux and the other by Camilo Valenzuela . Viaux and Valenzuela were convicted of charges of conspiring to cause a coup , and Viaux also was convicted of kidnapping . The CIA aided both groups , the lawsuit said .
Sleipner - class destroyer The " Sleipner class " was a class of six destroyer s built for the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1936 until the German invasion in 1940 . The design was considered advanced for its time , and it was the first class of vessels for the Norwegian Navy that used aluminium in the construction of the bridge , the mast and the outer funnel . Extra strength special steel was used in the construction of the hull . Unlike the earlier " Draug " class the " Sleipner class " had comparatively good capabilities in both main guns , anti - aircraft artillery and anti - submarine weapon s . The class was named after Sleipnir , the eight - legged horse of Odin . Armament . The armament within the class varied slightly . " Æger " had the armament listed in the article info - box . " Sleipner " , the lead ship of the class , carried just two 10 cm guns and could not elevate them for use as anti - aircraft weapons . " Gyller " had two extra torpedo tubes , for a total of four . " Odin " had a 20 mm anti aircraft gun instead of a 40 mm . " Balder " and " Tor " had not been finished when the Germans attacked , and it is not known if any changes in armament were planned . Although classified by the Norwegians as destroyers they have been widely regarded as torpedo boats because of their displacement and armament . Fates . The vessels had quite different fates . " Æger " was bombed by German planes on 9 April 1940 , and wrecked with loss of life . " Sleipner " was in Norwegian service throughout World War II , and was kept in service until 1959 . " Gyller " and " Odin " were captured by the Germans in 1940 at Kristiansand . " Balder " and " Tor " were captured unfinished at the shipyard and put into German service after completion . " Gyller " and " Odin " were returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy after the war and kept in service until 1959 . Finished by the Germans , " Balder " and " Tor " were used by them until the end of the war in 1945 . Balder was scrapped in 1952 , Tor in 1959 . The Germans re - classed the ships as " Torpedoboot Ausland " and renamed them : " Gyller " to " Löwe " , " Odin " to " Panther " , " Balder " to " Leopard " , and " Tor " to " Tiger " . In 1945 " Löwe " was one of the escorts to the " Wilhelm Gustloff " on her last voyage . The " Wilhelm Gustloff " was torpedoed and sank with a great loss of life . During the sinking , " Löwe " came alongside and rescued 472 of her passengers and crew .
USS Stockdale ( DDG - 106 ) USS " Stockdale " ( DDG - 106 ) is an " Arleigh Burke " - class guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy . The third Navy ship of that name , " Stockdale " is named after Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale ( 1923 – 2005 ) and is the 56th destroyer in her class . She was authorized on 13 September 2002 and was built by Bath Iron Works . She was christened 10 May 2008 by Admiral Stockdale ' s widow , Sybil , and delivered to the Navy on 30 September 2008 . She transited the Panama Canal in March 2009 ; Adm . Stockdale ' s youngest son and grandchildren joined the ship for the trip . USS " Stockdale " was commissioned on 18 April 2009 at Port Hueneme . Commanding Officers . The commanding officer ( CO ) of the USS Stockdale ( DDG - 106 ) , is the United States Navy officer who is the most senior officer on ship . The CO is the ultimate authority over operations of the Stockdale and her crew . Commander Frederick W . Kacher was the first Commanding Officer of " Stockdale " . Commander Kacher was selected as the 2005 winner of the Admiral Elmo Zumwalt Award for Visionary Leadership .
2A3 Kondensator 2P The 2A3 Kondensator 2P ( - " Condenser " ) was a Soviet 406 mm Self - propelled Howitzer . " 2A3 " is its GRAU designation . The 2A3 originated during the Cold War as a response to the United States ' new " Pentomic Division " tactical doctrine that emphasized heavy use of nuclear weapons including nuclear artillery . The US M65 cannon was introduced in 1952 and deployed in Germany in 1953 . The Soviet Union started its own program to develop a 406mm self - propelled howitzer capable of firing nuclear projectiles , codenamed ' Objekt 271 ' . Grabin Design Bureau completed the artillery system in 1955 . The ' Objekt 271 ' chassis from the Kotlin Design Bureau in Leningrad was completed soon thereafter . The unified system received the military industrial designation 2A3 and was completed in 1956 at the Kirov Works in Leningrad . Total production only amounted to four vehicles . Western observers got their first look at the new weapon during a 1957 parade on Red Square . Initially observers thought that the weapon was a mockup created for deterrent effect . Kondensator had an exceptionally short service life . Following a period of extensive testing the weapons were assigned to the Artillery High Command reserve . There they remained in service until the military reforms of Nikita Khrushchev were enacted , favouring more effective missile systems over the super - heavy artillery and heavy tanks of the Stalinist era . All four Kondensator howitzers were retired in the mid - 1960s . One of the weapons was placed on static display at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow .
Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association ( ZNLWVA ) is a Zimbabwe an organization ostensibly made up of veterans of the 1970s bush war against the government of Ian Smith . In 2005 , the government looked into ways to make members of the organization part of the army of Zimbabwe . History . The ZNLWVA was formed after Zimbabwe ' s independence in 1980 . It was mainly formed to look into the needs of the demobilized combatants of the bush war , mostly members of ZANLA and ZIPRA . All veterans became members by default . ZNLWVA was a non - entity in the politics of Zimbabwe for more than fifteen years after it was founded . That changed when Chenjerai Hunzvi became its chairman in 1997 . The organization successfully pressed the government and all its members were awarded gratuities of Z $ 50 000 ( equivalent to US $ 4000 ) . Around the start of the 21st century , members of ZNLWVA , notably Joseph Chinotimba led the invasions of white owned commercial farms with tacit approval from the government of Robert Mugabe , which became known as the Third Chimurenga . These invasions were often led by a war veteran but consisted mainly of youths too young to have participated in the independence war . Instrument for ZANU - PF . ZNLWVA has a close alliance with ZANU - PF , the ruling party , and by extension the government led by Robert Mugabe . In all elections since 2000 , the members of the ZNLWVA , commonly known as ' war vets ' have spearheaded election campaigns for ZANU - PF . They have become instrumental for Zanu PF in suppressing the opposition by herassment intimidation and violence and act often together with Zanu PS ' s youth formation .
Boeing Model 2 The Boeing Model 2 and its derivatives were United States two - place training seaplane s , the first " all - Boeing " design and the company ' s first financial success . Design and development . Pacific Aero - Products , the forerunner of the Boeing company , built its first all - original airplane , the Model C naval trainer . A total of 56 C - type trainers were built ; 55 used twin pontoons . The Model C - 1F had a single main pontoon and small auxiliary floats under each wing and was powered by a Curtiss OX - 5 engine . Operational history . The success of the Model C led to Boeing ’ s first military contract in April 1917 and prompted both its reincorporation as the Boeing Airplane Company and relocation from Lake Union , Washington to a former shipyard on the Duwamish River , also in Washington . The United States Navy bought 51 of the Model C trainers , including the C - 1F , and the United States Army bought two landplane versions with side - by - side seating , designated the EA . The final Model C was built for William Boeing and was called the C - 700 ( the last Navy plane had been Navy serial number 699 ) . On March 3 , 1919 Boeing and Eddie Hubbard flew the C - 700 on the first international mail delivery , carrying 60 letters from Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , to Seattle , Washington .
Fort Williams ( Virginia ) Fort Williams was a timber and earthwork fortification constructed in Alexandria , Virginia as part of the defenses of Washington , D . C . during the American Civil War . Built in the weeks following the Union defeat at Bull Run , Fort Williams was situated on north of Hunting Creek , and Cameron Run , ( which feeds into it ) , near Vaucluse ( plantation ) . From its position on Quaker Lane , one of the points west of Alexandria , the fort overlooked the Orange and Alexandria Railroad , the Little River Turnpike , and the western approaches to the city of Alexandria , the largest settlement in Union - occupied Northern Virginia . The Fort is now a Alexandria , Virginia city park , at 501 Fort Williams Parkway .
Joseph Matthews ( Medal of Honor ) Joseph Matthews ( 1849 - November 11 , 1912 ) was a sailor in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Matthews was born 1849 in Malta . After immigrating to the United States , he joined the navy . He was stationed aboard the as captain of the top when , on February 13 , 1879 , he risked his life to cut the fastenings of the ship ' s rudder chains in a heavy gale . For his actions , he received the Medal of Honor on October 18 , 1884 . He died November 11 , 1912 and is buried in Palmetto Cemetery , Brunswick , Georgia . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Captain of the Top , U . S . Navy . Born : 1849 , Malta . Accredited to : Pennsylvania . G . O . No . : 326 , 18 October 1884 . Citation : For courageous conduct in going over the stern of the U . S . S . Constitution at sea , 13 February 1879 , during a heavy gale , and cutting the fastenings of the ship ' s rudder chains .