naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siemens - Schuckert R . V The Siemens - Schuckert R . V was a bomber aircraft built in Germany during World War I . It was one of six aircraft based on the Siemens - Schuckert R . I that were originally intended to be identical , but which each developed in a different direction and were designated as different aircraft types by the German Inspectorate of Flying Troops ( the Idflieg ) . Development of the R . V benefited from the experience that Siemens - Schuckert and the " Idflieg " had gained with the R . II , R . III , and R . IV , particularly in its choice of powerplants , where the R . V was spared from the troublesome Maybach HS engine . Between September 1916 and February 1917 , the aircraft saw service on the Eastern Front before it was damaged in an accident and dismantled for spare parts . Design and development . As designed , the R . V was a large three - bay biplane with unstaggered wings of unequal span and a fully enclosed cabin . Three 180 - kW ( 240 - hp ) Maybach HS engines were mounted internally in the fuselage , and transmitted their power via driveshafts to two propellers mounted tractor - fashion on the interplane struts nearest the fuselage . The main undercarriage consisted of divided units , each of which carried dual wheels , and the tail was supported by a pair of tailwheels . The fuselage was forked into an upper and lower section , which allowed a clear field of fire to the rear of the aircraft . The Maybach engines had been a never - ending source of trouble on the R . II , R . III , and R . IV , and by June 1916 , Siemens - Schuckert had obtained permission from the " Idflieg " to substitute Benz Bz . IV engines on the R . III The firm made the same change on the R . V , which was almost complete by then . The substitution required an almost complete rebuild of the aircraft , and included adding an extra bay to the wings , increasing their span . The " Idflieg " accepted the R . V in this form , after agreeing to a reduction in the aircraft ' s original specifications . Operational history . Siemens - Schuckert delivered the R . V to the " Riesenflugzeugersatzabteilung " ( Rea — " giant aircraft support unit " ) at Döberitz on 13 August 1916 . From there , it was assigned to " Riesenflugzeugabteilung 501 " ( Rfa 501 ) , and joined the squadron at Vilna on 3 September . It was used operationally until the week of 14 February 1917 , when the aircraft was severely damaged during a hard landing at night that fractured its fuselage . The R . V was then dismantled and sent back to Döberitz where it could be used for spare parts for other Siemens - Schuckert bombers . Specific details of several operational missions while with Rfa 501 have survived : Additionally , the R . V carried out the following raids together with the R . VI :
Swedish War of Liberation The Swedish War of Liberation ( 1521 – 23 ) ( " The Liberation War " ) , was a rebellion and a civil war in which the Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa successfully deposed the Danish - Norwegian king Christian II as regent of the Kalmar Union in Sweden . The war started in January 1521 when Gustav Vasa was appointed " hövitsman " ( commander ) over Dalarna by representatives of the population in the northern part of the province . After Gustav Vasa sacked the copper mine of Kopparberg and the town of Västerås , more men joined his army . In 1522 , the Hanseatic city of Lübeck allied with the Swedish rebels . After the capture of Stockholm in June 1523 , the rebels effectively controlled Sweden and on June 6 , Gustav Vasa was elected King of Sweden in the town of Strängnäs . By September , Swedish Finland was also controlled by Gustav Vasa ' s supporters . By the Treaty of Malmö signed on September 1 , 1524 Sweden seceded from the Kalmar Union . Dalarna . In 1520 , Gustav Vasa traveled to the Swedish province of Dalarna , disguised as a farmer to avoid detection by Danish scouts . In December , Gustav Vasa arrived in the city of Mora , where he asked the peasantry for their help in his revolt against the Danish leader , Christian II . The peasants refused his request , so Gustav Vasa decided to travel north to find men who would support his revolt . Shortly thereafter , a couple of refugees arrived in Mora , where they told the peasantry about the brutality of Christian II and his men . The people of Mora then decided to find Gustav Vasa and join his revolt , they sent two skilled skiers to find him . In Sälen , they finally caught up with him . Back in Mora , on New Year ' s Eve , 1521 , Gustav Vasa was appointed to " hövitsman " by envoys from all the parishes of North Dalarna . In February , Gustav Vasa marched out from Mora with about 100 men and sacked Kopparberg , shortly thereafter , the peasantry of Bergslagen joined the revolt . Gustav Vasa ' s army had now grown to over 1 , 000 men . Battle of Brunbäcks färja . When news about the Swedish revolt reached Christian II , he sent a force of Landknechten to crush the rebellion . In April 1521 , the Danish forces confronted Gustav Vasa ' s men at Brunnbäck Ferry , and the Danes were crushed . This victory greatly improved Swedish morale . In Dalecarlia , an emergency mint was established in order to produce the copper coins necessary to finance the war . Västerås . The Swedish army continued south to Västerås , which they conquered and sacked . When words of Gustav Vasa ' s success spread across Sweden , the supporters of the Sture family decided to join the revolt . By the end of April 1521 , Gustav Vasa controlled Dalarna , Gästrikland , Närke , and Västmanland . References .
Leonard F . Mason Leonard Foster Mason ( February 22 , 1920 – July 22 , 1944 ) served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II . He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism during the Battle of Guam where he was mortally wounded . Biography . Leonard Foster Mason was born on February 22 , 1920 in Middlesboro , Kentucky . He enlisted in the Marine Corps in April 1943 and was promoted to private first class in March 1944 . During the landing on Guam , on July 22 , 1944 , two enemy machine gun s opened fire on Mason ’ s platoon . Although mortally wounded , Mason cleared out the hostile position , acting on his own initiative . His heroic act in the face of almost certain death enabled his platoon to accomplish its mission . He posthumously received the Medal of Honor . Mason died the following day of his wounds . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private First Class , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : February 2 , 1920 , Middlesboro , Ky . Accredited to : Ohio . Citation : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as an automatic rifleman serving with the 2d Battalion , 3d Marines , 3d Marine Division , in action against enemy Japanese forces on the Asan - Adelup Beachhead , Guam , Marianas Islands on 22 July 1944 . Suddenly taken under fire by 2 enemy machineguns not more than 15 yards away while clearing out hostile positions holding up the advance of his platoon through a narrow gully , Pfc . Mason , alone and entirely on his own initiative , climbed out of the gully and moved parallel to it toward the rear of the enemy position . Although fired upon immediately by hostile riflemen from a higher position and wounded repeatedly in the arm and shoulder , Pfc . Mason grimly pressed forward and had just reached his objective when hit again by a burst of enemy machinegun fire , causing a critical wound to which he later succumbed . With valiant disregard for his own peril , he persevered , clearing out the hostile position , killing 5 Japanese , wounding another and then rejoining his platoon to report the results of his action before consenting to be evacuated . His exceptionally heroic act in the face of almost certain death enabled his platoon to accomplish its mission and reflects the highest credit upon Pfc . Mason and the U . S . Naval Service . He gallantly gave his life for his country . Namesake . In 1946 , the destroyer was named in his honor .
Hansa - Brandenburg Hansa und Brandenburgische Flugzeugwerke ( more usually just Hansa - Brandenburg ) was a German aircraft manufacturing company that operated during World War I . It was created in May 1914 by the purchase of " Brandenburgische Flugzeugwerke " by Camillo Castiglioni , who relocated the factory from Liebau to Brandenburg am Havel . Brandenburg ' s chief designer , Ernst Heinkel was retained by the new enterprise . By Autumn 1915 , it had become the largest aircraft manufacturer in Germany , with a capital of 1 , 500 , 000 Marks , 1 , 000 employees , and two more factories - one in Rummelsburg , Berlin , and one in Wandsbek , Hamburg . Although manufacturing was carried out in Germany , Castiglioni was an Austrian , and many of the firm ' s military aircraft were produced for the Austro - Hungarian aviation corps . The firm became especially known for a highly successful series of floatplane fighters and reconnaissance aircraft that were used by the Imperial German Navy during the war . Hansa - Brandenburg did not survive in the post - war market , and ceased operations during 1919 . A number of the firm ' s designs continued to be produced in other countries , however , most notably Finland and Norway .
HMS Vestal ( 1779 ) HMS " Vestal " was a 28 - gun " Enterprise " - class sixth - rate frigate of the Royal Navy . " Vestal " was first commissioned in November 1779 under the command of Captain George Keppel . She took part in the Action of 22 August 1795 between British and Dutch frigate squadrons off the Norwegian coast . Because " Vestal " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign ( 8 March to 2 September 1801 ) , her officers and crew qualified for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorized in 1850 to all surviving claimants .
SS Mantola ( 1916 ) SS " Mantola " was a passenger steamer of the British - India Steam Navigation Company . Launched in 1916 by Barclay Curle & Company , Glasgow , she sailed for less than a year before being sunk by a German U - boat while carrying a large quantity of silver bullion . Construction and career . " Mantola " was built by the Glasgow - based shipbuilders Barclay Curle & Company and launched on 22 March 1916 . Entering service during the First World War , her short career was eventful . She struck a mine off Aldeburgh on 30 October 1916 , while sailing from Middlesbrough and London bound for Calcutta carrying general cargo . There were no casualties and though damaged the ship survived . After repairs the " Mantola " sailed again from London on 4 February 1917 , bound for Calcutta . She carried 165 crew , 18 passengers , and general cargo including around 600 , 000 ounces of silver valued at £110 , 000 at 1917 prices . On 8 February 1917 , while 143 miles off Fastnet , she was sighted by SM " U - 81 " , under the command of Raimund Weisbach . Weisbach torpedoed the " Mantola " , causing her captain , D . J . Chivas , and the crew to abandon ship . Though there were no casualties in the initial attack , a party of seven Indian seamen drowned when their lifeboat overturned . " U - 81 " then began to shell the still floating " Mantola " , until being chased away by the " Acacia " - class sloop . " Laburnum " took the floating hulk under tow , but the line parted in the rough seas , and " Mantola " was left to sink , which she did on 9 February . " Laburnum " carried the survivors to shore and landed them at Bantry Bay . Rediscovery . The wreck of the " Mantola " was discovered in late 2011 by Odyssey Marine Exploration while searching for the wreck of the , another vessel that had been sunk while carrying a cargo of silver . The Department for Transport awarded a salvage contract to the company to begin recovery of the cargo in return for Odyssey Marine retaining 80 % of the value recovered , the total value of the cargo estimated to be around £12 , 000 , 000 .
William H . Rupertus William Henry Rupertus ( November 14 , 1889 – March 25 , 1945 ) was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps and the author of the Rifleman ' s Creed . Military career . Rupertus began his military career immediately after graduating high school , serving in the District of Columbia National Guard from 1907 to 1910 . Originally , he intended to serve as a cutter captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service , the earlier version of the modern U . S . Coast Guard . He was accepted to the U . S . Revenue Cutter School of Instruction on April 28 , 1910 . He graduated academically second in his class on May 15 , 1913 but failed the physical examination . Because he was physically unqualified , he resigned from the U . S . Revenue Cutter Service on June 18 , 1913 . However , his excellent marksmanship led to his being recruited by the Marine Corps . He accepted a commission in November 1913 , then attended the Marine Corps Officers School , graduating first in his class of 1915 . Rupertus served on the Marine Corps rifle team , earning the Distinguished Marksman badge and winning a number of shooting matches . Rupertus was serving aboard the battleship when the United States entered World War I and was subsequently called back to the U . S . to command a detachment of Marines headed for Port - au - Prince , Haiti . Rupertus served in Haiti until after the war , when he was sent to staff officer training and then made Inspector of Target Practice in the Operations and Training Division at Marine Corps Headquarters . In July 1937 , Rupertus was a battalion commander in the 4th Marines when the Japanese attacked Shanghai in the Second Sino - Japanese War . During World War II , he served as Assistant Division Commander of the 1st Marine Division under Major General Alexander Vandegrift . It was around this time that Rupertus is said to have penned " The Rifleman ' s Creed " , with the intent of encouraging expert marksmanship and Marines ' trust in their weapons . Rupertus commanded the Landing Task Force Organization which captured the islands of Tulagi , Gavutu and Tanambogo in the Guadalcanal campaign . After Vandegrift left the division in 1943 , Rupertus took command . He led the 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Cape Gloucester and the Battle of Peleliu . In November 1944 , Major General Rupertus became the commandant of the Marine Corps Schools at Quantico , Virginia . His tenure was short , however , as he died of a heart attack on March 25 , 1945 , just four months later . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery . Awards and honors . Major General Rupertus ' decorations included : In 1945 , the U . S . Navy destroyer was named in his honor . MajGen Rupertus also received the Faciat Georgius commemorative medal for service on Guadalcanal .
5th Mounted Rifles ( Otago Hussars ) The 5th Mounted Rifles ( Otago Hussars ) was formed on 17 March 1911 . It formed part of the Otago Mounted Rifle Regiment so they saw service during the Battle of Gallipoli , Egypt . They later served in France with the New Zealand Division and were the only New Zealand Mounted troops to serve in France . Between the Wars . The unit amalgamated with 7th ( Southland ) Mounted Rifles and the 12th ( Otago ) Mounted Rifles to become the 5th New Zealand Mounted Rifles . They were redesignated the 5th New Zealand Mounted Rifles ( Otago Hussars ) 0n 4 August 1923 and in 1927 they became the Otago Mounted Rifles . 29 March 1944 saw them absorbed into the 3rd Armoured Regiment .
Tadeusz Bór - Komorowski General Count Tadeusz Komorowski ( Korczak Coat of Arms ) ( 1 June 1895 - 24 August 1966 ) , better known by the name Bór - Komorowski ( after one of his wartime code - names : " Bór " - " The Forest " ) was a Polish military leader . Komorowski was born in Lwów ( now L ' viv in Ukraine ) , in the Austrian partition of Poland . In the First World War he served as an officer in the Austro - Hungarian Army , and after the war became an officer in the Polish Army , rising to command the Grudziądz Cavalry School . The Uprising . After taking part in the fighting against the German invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II in 1939 , Komorowski , with the code - name " Bór " , helped organize the Polish underground in the Kraków area . In July 1941 he became deputy commander of the Home Army ( " Armia Krajowa " or " AK " ) , and in March 1943 gained appointment as its commander , with the rank of Brigadier - General . In mid 1944 , as Soviet forces advanced into central Poland , the Polish government - in - exile in London instructed Bór - Komorowski to prepare for an armed uprising in Warsaw . The government - in - exile wished to return to a capital city liberated by Poles not seized by the Soviets and prevent the Communist take - over of Poland which Stalin had clearly set in train . The Warsaw Uprising began on Komorowski ' s order on 1 August 1944 and the insurgents of the AK seized control of most of central Warsaw . Elements of the Soviet Army stood only 20 km ( 12 mi ) away but on Joseph Stalin ' s orders gave no assistance : Stalin described the rising as a " criminal adventure . " The British managed to drop some supplies by air but could give no direct assistance . The Germans employed large forces of Waffen - SS and regular troops , plus auxiliary forces made up of Soviet Army deserters , who acted particularly brutally , under the command of Erich von dem Bach . In September 1944 , Bór - Komorowski was promoted to General Inspector of the Armed Forces ( Polish Commander - in - Chief ) . Aftermath . After two months of fierce fighting Bór - Komorowski surrendered to the Germans on 2 October , on condition that Germany treat the AK fighters as prisoners - of - war , which they did . Bór - Komorowski went into internment in Germany ( at Oflag IV - C ) . Despite pressure from Germans , he refused to issue orders of surrender to Home Army units in German controlled Poland who continued fighting . Liberated at the end of the war , he spent the rest of his life in London , where he played an active rôle in Polish " émigré " circles . From 1947 to 1949 he served as Prime Minister of the Polish government - in - exile , which no longer had diplomatic recognition from most Western European countries . He wrote the story of his experiences in " The Secret Army " ( 1950 ) . He died in London aged 71 .
German submarine U - 278 German submarine " U - 278 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 26 March 1942 at the " Bremer Vulkan " yard at Bremen - Vegesack as ' werk ' 43 . She was launched on 2 December and commissioned on 16 January 1943 under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " Joachim Franze . Service history . " U - 278 " served with the 8th U - boat Flotilla for training from January to September 1943 and operationally with the 7th U - boat Flotilla from 1 October 1943 . She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla until 31 August 1944 and then the 13th flotilla until the war ' s end . She carried out seven patrols , sinking two ships ; a commercial vessel of 7 , 177 tons and a warship of 1 , 810 tons . She was a member of eight wolfpack s . She carried out a short voyage between Kiel in Germany and Bergen in Norway over December 1943 and January 1944 . 1st patrol . The boat departed Bergen on 8 January 1944 and sank the " Penelope Barker " on the 25th , about north of the North Cape . She docked at Hammerfest on the 28th . 2nd and 3rd patrols . She sank the British destroyer HMS " Hardy " southeast of Bear Island on 30 January 1944 . On her third sortie , she steamed through the Norwegian and Barents Seas . 4th patrol . " U - 278 " left Hammerfest on 24 April 1944 . On 3 May she was attacked by a Fairey Swordfish of 822 Naval Air Squadron FAA , ( Fleet Air Arm ) , from the aircraft carrier HMS " Fencer " and a Swordfish and a Martlet , both of 833 Squadron from HMS " Activity " . The U - boat sustained only superficial damage ; her crew claimed the Martlet shot down . However , all three aircraft returned safely to their carriers . The boat then embarked on a series of short ' hops ' between Bergen , Ramsund and Narvik in July 1944 . 5th patrol . Patrol number five was her longest at 63 days . It took the submarine north and east to the Kara Sea . She then moved from Narvik to Trondheim in October 1944 . 6th patrol . This sortie was divided into two parts , during which the boat travelled as far as the northern coast of Scotland . 7th patrol and surrender . Her last patrol was from Narvik , between 10 April 1945 and 9 May . Following the German capitulation , the boat was moved from Norway to Loch Eriboll in Scotland , for Operation " Deadlight " . She was sunk on 31 December 1945 by gunfire from HMS " Onslaught " and ORP " Blyskawica " .
Lingones Lingones were a Celtic tribe that originally lived in Gaul in the area of the headwaters of the Seine and Marne rivers . Some of the Lingones migrated across the Alps and settled near the mouth of the Po River in Cisalpine Gaul of northern Italy around 400 BCE . These Lingones were part of a wave of Celtic tribes that included the Boii and Senones ( Polybius , " Histories " ii . 17 ) . The Lingones may have helped sack Rome in 390 BCE . The Gaulish Lingones were thoroughly Romanized by the 1st century , living in a rich and urbanized society in the region of Langres and Dijon and minting coins , but getting caught up in the Batavian rebellion ( 69 CE ) , described by Tacitus . The strategist Sextus Julius Frontinus , author of the " Strategematicon " , the earliest surviving Roman military textbook , mentions the Lingones among his examples of successful military tactics : Their capital was called Andematunnum , then Lingones , now Langres in the Haute - Marne , France . It was built on a rocky promontory above the Marne River , and still preserves some of its medieval fortifications , which afford panoramic views of the Marne Valley , the Langres plateau and the Vosges . The Cathedral St - Mammes , built in the Burgundian Romanesque style for the ancient diocese that was referred to as " Lingonae " ( " of the Lingones " ) and rivalled Dijon . Three of its early bishops were martyred by the invasion of the Vandals , about 407 . In Roman Britain , two cohorts of Lingones , probably subscripted from among the Lingones who had remained in the area of Langres and Dijon are attested in the 2nd and 3rd centuries , from dedicatory inscriptions and stamped tiles .
Benno Herrmann Benno Herrmann ( 4 January 1918 – 7 February 1999 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Wisconsin Veterans Museum The Wisconsin Veterans Museum , located on Capitol Square in Madison , Wisconsin , USA , is dedicated to the soldiers of the state of Wisconsin . The museum is composed of two award - winning galleries that chronicle the history of Wisconsin citizens who served in their nation ' s wars from the American Civil War to the Persian Gulf War . The Wisconsin Veterans Museum is an educational activity of the Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs . The 19th century gallery showcases Wisconsin ' s involvement in the Civil War . It includes a large diorama depicting the Battle of Antietam . Visitors are also available to research their ancestors ' Civil War records using two state - of - the - art computers available in the gallery . In the 20th century gallery , exhibits illustrate Wisconsin veterans ' roles in the Mexican Border campaign , the First and Second World Wars and also the Korean , Vietnam and Persian Gulf conflicts . Three full - scale aircraft , a Sopwith Camel from World War I , a P - 51 Mustang from World War II and a Huey helicopter from the Vietnam War , are displayed in the gallery as well . Located at 30 West Mifflin Street in Madison since 1993 , the Wisconsin Veterans Museum is an award - winning and world - renowned museum .