naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fort Assinniboine Fort Assinniboine , a fort in Montana and within the military Department of Dakota , was built in 1879 . This was following the Great Sioux War of 1876 - 77 and the disastrous defeat of U . S . Army forces led by General Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn on June 25 , 1876 . The fort is located in Hill County six miles southwest of Havre ( the county seat ) on Highway 87 . The fort was named for the Siouan - speaking Assinniboine people . The United States established Fort Assinniboine primarily to ward off possible attacks from the North by the Sioux led by Chief Sitting Bull , who had migrated to the Cypress Hills in Canada , and by the Nez Perce , some of whom were also in Canada . Both peoples had moved there following the defeat and capture of Chief Joseph by the U . S . Army in the Battle of Bear Paw in 1877 . The Native Americans never attacked from Canada . The fort was located on a massive military reservation . At its peak , it was garrisoned with more than 750 officers and enlisted men , and officers ' families . With 104 buildings , the fort was one of the largest ever built in the United States . Among the military officers stationed at the fort in the 1890s was John Pershing , who later achieved fame as the leader of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I . By the early twentieth century , hundreds of Chippewa Cree people lived on the large military reservation , as they traded with the Army and had no land of their own . In 1916 , the government ceded a portion of Fort Assinniboine to the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation , established for the Chippewa Cree tribe . Another portion of the reserve was ceded to Hill County to create Beaver Creek Park , the largest county park in the United States . Most of the buildings at the Fort were razed ; a handful of surviving structures have been adapted for use as an agricultural extension station associated with Montana State University .
French armoured cruiser Gueydon The Gueydon was an armoured cruiser of the French Navy , lead ship of her class . She was named in honour of Louis Henri de Gueydon , first governor of Algeria under the 3rd Republic . " Gueydon " was commissioned in Toulon harbour in 1903 , and undertook a first campaign to East Asia . She took part in the First World War , supervising patrols in Southern America and in the Caribbean . In 1923 , she was refitted in Brest harbour . In 1926 , she was again modified to serve as a gunnery school ; she entered this role the following year , replacing the armoured cruiser " Pothuau " in Brest . In 1943 , she was cosmetically modified by the Germans to serve as a decoy for the " Prinz Eugen " . " Gueydon " was destroyed during the Liberation of Brest .
Tellermine 29 The Tellermine 29 is a round metal cased German anti - tank blast landmine . It first entered service in 1929 , and the initial German defence plan was to purchase 6 , 000 a year , but in January 1931 it was decided to speed up the purchase process and 61 , 418 were ordered . By 1937 with the introduction of the Tellermine 35 , it was being used for training , and the majority were sent to warehouses The mine did see limited service during the Second World War , notably after D - Day in France where allied troops reported encountering it . The mine uses three Z . D . Z . 29 fuzes that are normally set at an activation pressure of 125 kg , but can be set to function with a pressure of just 45 kg or even function as a tripwire fuze . The mine is fitted with two secondary fuze wells that enable the fitting of anti - handling device s . A training version of the mine designated T . Mi . 29 ( Ueb ) was also produced that was filled with a smoke - generating main charge and holes along the circumference to allow the smoke to escape . A number of Yugoslavian mines copied the basic pattern of the Tellermine 29 , including the TMA 3 and TMA 4 .
101st Fighter - Training Aviation Regiment The 101st Fighter - Training Aviation Regiment ( " Serbo - Croatian : 101 . školski - lovački vazduhoplovni puk / 101 . школски - ловачки ваздухопловни пук " ) was a unit established in 1945 as the 2nd Training Aviation Regiment ( " Serbo - Croatian : 2 . vazduhoplovni školski puk / 2 . ваздухопловни школски пук " ) as part of the SFR Yugoslav Air Force . History . 2nd Training Aviation Regiment . The 2nd Training Aviation Regiment was formed on September 12 , 1945 by order from August of the same year . It was created by the realignment of the First Pilot School at Ečka airport , as part of the Military Aviation College . It was equipped with Tiger Moth and Harvard training aircraft . By 1946 the regiment had become a Fighter - Training unit and it was re - equipped with Soviet - made Po - 2 s , Yak - 1 s , Yak - 9U s and Ilyushin Il - 2 s . The 2nd squadron with Ilyushin Il - 2 attack aircraft left the regiment and became the 3rd Training Aviation Regiment . By 1948 this regiment was renamed like all other units of Yugoslav Army , it became the 101st Fighter - Training Aviation Regiment . The commanders of the regiment in this period were Ivo Novak , Albin Starc and Kosta Lekić . Commissars were Dušan Đurović , Ćiro Begović and Stevo Tišman . 101st Fighter - Training Aviation Regiment . The regiment was based at Kovin Airport and for short period at Nikšić and Titograd airports in SR Montenegro . It moved to Banja Luka in 1949 , where it was to remain until it was disbanded . It was equipped with Soviet Yakovlev trainer - fighters and domestic - made trainers . It was disbanded on January 9 , 1956 . The commanders of the regiment in this period were Aleksandar Radičević , Albin Starc and Radovan Daković .
Priscus Valerianus Priscus Valerianus ( flourished around 450 - 456 ) was a Roman praetorian prefect of patrician rank , connected to both the emperor Avitus and Bishop Eucherius of Lyons . Valerianus served as praetorian prefect of Gaul sometime prior to 456 , when Sidonius Apollinaris sent him a selection of his verses , praising him as a critic . Eucherius of Lyons dedicated his " Epistula Paranetica ad Valerianum cognatum de contemptu mundi et saecularis philosophiae " to Valerianus . His daughter was married to the orator Pragmatius .
74th Fighter Squadron The 74th Fighter Squadron ( 74 FS ) is a United States Air Force unit . It is assigned to the 23d Fighter Group and stationed at Moody Air Force Base , Georgia . During World War II , the 74th Fighter Squadron was one of the three original squadrons ( 74th , 75th , 76th ) of the 23d Fighter Group . On 17 December 1941 , the AVG 1st Fighter Squadron was redesignated as the 23d Pursuit Group 74th Pursuit Squadron and subsequently the 74th Fighter Squadron . History . The 23d was the United States Army Air Forces China Air Task Force organization took over the operations of the 1st American Volunteer Group ( AVG ) of the Chinese Air Force when the AVG was disbanded . Some members of the AVG joined or rejoined the United States Airforce . Some volunteered to serve for an extra short period to help with the changover . The 74th was one of the original squadrons in the 23d to see combat action in the Far East . The Fighter Group used P - 40 Warhawks , and later P - 51 Mustangs , to cover a large operational area and diverse combat roles . The area of operation extended beyond China into Burma , French Indochina ( Vietnam ) , and Formosa . The mission taskings included counter air campaigns , strafing and bombing Japanese forces and installations , escorting bombers , flying reconnaissance missions , and intercepting Japanese bombers . The fighter group excelled in these roles and received the Distinguished Unit Citation for its exceptional performance during the war . Following World War II , the 74th was activated at various times and locations throughout the world . From 1946 - 1949 the 74th flew the P - 47 at Northwest Field , Guam . During the years of 1951 - 1954 , the 74th flew the F - 86 and F - 94 at Presque Isle AFB , Maine . The 74th then moved to Thule AB , Greenland , from 1954 – 1958 and flew the F - 89 . During the period 1958 - 1972 , the 74th was inactive . In July 1972 , the 74th rejoined its sister squadrons for the first time since 1949 when the 23d Tactical Fighter Wing was activated at England Air Force Base LA . The 74th began operations flying the A - 7 Corsair II in 1972 and transitioned into the A - 10 " Thunderbolt II " in the summer of 1981 . During the 1980s , the 74th lived up to its proud history by receiving the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award five different times . The most recent combat tasking for the 74th was during Operations DESERT SHIELD / STORM . From September 1990 until 11 April 1991 , the 74th earned high praise for its performance during the campaign against Iraq ' s elusive Scud - B mobile missile launchers . On 15 February 1992 , the 74th was again inactivated at England Air Force Base as part of the Air Force ' s force structure realignment . It was reactivated 15 June 1993 at Pope AFB NC as part of the 23d Wing , the second composite wing built from the ground up . The 74th began operations at Pope AFB flying the F - 16C / D Fighting Falcon . In July 1996 , the F - 16s departed Pope AFB and the 74th Fighter Squadron transitioned back to the A - 10 aircraft . The unit completed a deployment to Afghanistan in 2011 .
Teleutias Teleutias ( ) was the brother of the Spartan king Agesilaus II , and a Spartan naval commander in the Corinthian War . He first saw action in the campaign to regain control of the Corinthian Gulf after the Spartan naval disaster at Cnidus in 394 BC , and was later active in the Spartan campaign against Argos in 391 BC . ( It appears likely that Teleutias was navarch in 392 / 1 BC . ) Later that year , he was dispatched to the Aegean to take command of a Spartan fleet harassing Rhodes . Once in command , he attacked and seized a small Athenian fleet sailing to aid Evagoras of Cyprus , then settled in to attack Rhodes with his newly augmented fleet . After being replaced in command of this fleet , Teleutias returned to Sparta to great acclaim , and was soon sent out again to take command of a fleet on the island of Aegina . The Spartans had previously suffered several defeats in this theater , leaving the sailors greatly demoralized , and the Athenians had to some degree relaxed their vigilance in the area . Teleutias took advantage of this fact to launch a raid on Piraeus , the harbor of Athens , where he seized a number of merchant ships and fishing vessels . The raid resulted in a great deal of plunder for the Spartans , and the confidence the victory instilled in the sailors allowed Teleutias to operate more vigorously with his fleet . Xenophon , reporting a speech given by Teleutias to his men on Aegina , records the following piece of rhetoric : George Cawkwell has argued that this speech constitutes a direct attack on the policy of accommodation with Persia that would presently produce the Peace of Antalcidas , and on these grounds identifies Teleutias , along with Agesilaus , as part of a pan - Hellenist bloc at Sparta opposed to the accommodationist bloc represented by Antalcidas . In 382 BC . Teleutias commanded an expeditionary force of 10 , 000 men on a campaign against the Chalkidian League headed by the city of Olynthus in northeastern Greece . Moving slowly through Greece , Teleutias augmented his force with contingents from allied states , At the head of the substantial army which he had thus acquired , he entered Olynthian territory and won an initial victory outside the walls of Olynthus . The next spring , however , while leading a pillaging expedition into Olynthian territory , Teleutias ran into difficulty when a group of his peltast s rashly crossed over a river and were attacked by Olynthian cavalry . Teleutias drove off the cavalry by bringing up his hoplite s and cavalry , but the Peloponnesians pursued too aggressively and came in under the walls of Olynthus , from where the enemy could fire down on them . A sudden attack by Olynthian infantry and cavalry routed Teleutias ' force ; he himself was killed , and his army suffered severe casualties .
Poenius Postumus Poenius Postumus was " praefectus castrorum " of the Roman Legion II " Augusta " , stationed in Britain during the rebellion of Boudica in 61 AD . In the general area of Exeter with his troops , he ignored the call to join the governor , Gaius Suetonius Paulinus , in putting down the rebellion . Hearing of the Roman victory at the Battle of Watling Street , having denied his troops a share in the glory , he fell on his sword . The II " Augusta " are known to have been based at Exeter in Devon . The " praefectus castrorum " or camp prefect was normally promoted from the ranks , and was third - in - command of a legion ' s command structure . In this case , the decision whether to move the troops to help put down the rebellion fell to Postumus , implying that the legate and the senior tribune were unavailable , probably acting as members of Suetonius Paulinus ' s staff during the campaign on the island of Anglesey , which preceded the revolt .
109th Infantry The 109th Infantry was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . The regiment traces its origins to 1768 , when it was raised as the 5th Battalion , Bombay Sepoys . The regiment ' s first action was during the Mysore Campaign in the Third Anglo - Mysore War . It was next involved in the Battle of Seringapatam in the Fourth Anglo - Mysore War , and next used in the Siege of Multan during the Second Anglo - Sikh War . Its last campaign in the 19th century was the Second Afghan War . During World War I it was attached to the Aden Brigade , which was formed to protect the important naval refueling point at Aden . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single - to multi - battalion regiments . In 1922 , the 109th Infantry became the 4th Battalion 4th Bombay Grenadiers . After independence it was one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army .
Taira clan In reference to Japanese history , along with Minamoto , Taira was a hereditary clan name bestowed by the emperors of the Heian period to certain ex - members of the imperial family when they became subjects . The Taira clan is often referred to as or , using the character ' s Chinese reading " hei " . Offshoots of the imperial dynasty , some grandsons of Emperor Kammu were first given the name Taira in 825 or later . Afterwards , descendants of Emperor Nimmyo , Emperor Montoku , and Emperor Koko were also given the surname . The specific hereditary lines from these emperors are referred to by the emperor ' s posthumous name followed by Heishi , i . e . " Kammu Heishi " . The Taira were one of the four important clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period ( 794 – 1185 ) – the others were the Fujiwara , the Tachibana and the Minamoto . The Kammu Heishi line , founded in 889 by Taira no Takamochi ( a great - grandson of the 50th Kammu tenno , reigned 781 – 806 ) , proved to be the strongest and most dominant line during the late Heian period with Taira no Kiyomori eventually forming the first samurai - dominated government in the history of Japan . A great - grandson of Heishi Takamochi , Taira no Korihira , moved to Ise Province ( now part of Mie Prefecture ) and established a major daimyo dynasty . Masamori , his grandson ; and Tadamori , great - grandson , became loyal supporters of the cloistered tennos Shirakawa and Toba , respectively . Taira no Kiyomori , son and heir of Tadamori , rose to the position of daijō daijin ( great minister of state ) following his victories in the Hōgen Disturbance ( 1156 ) and the Heiji Disturbance ( 1160 ) . Kiyomori managed to enthrone his infant grandson as Emperor Antoku in 1180 , an act which led to the Genpei War ( 1180 – 85 ) , the Taira - Minamoto War . Kiyomori ' s sons , the last of the head family of the Kammu Heishi line , were eventually destroyed by the armies of Minamoto no Yoritomo at the Battle of Dan - no - ura , the last battle of the Genpei War . This story is told in the early Japanese epic , " The Tale of the Heike " ( " Heike Monogatari " ) . This Kammu Heishi had many branch families , including the Hōjō , Chiba , Miura , and Hatakeyama . Another Kammu Heishi : Takamune - ō ( 804 – 867 ) , the eldest son of Kazurahara - Shinnō ( 786 – 853 ) and a grandson of Emperor Kammu , received the kabane of Taira no Ason in 825 . Thus there were two Kammu Heishi families , one descended from Takamune and the other from his nephew , Takamochi ( son of Prince Takami ) . The Oda clan in the time of Oda Nobunaga ( 1534 – 1582 ) claimed descent from the Taira , by Taira no Chikazane , a grandson of Taira no Shigemori ( 1138 – 1179 ) .
Maurice Brown Squadron Leader Maurice Peter Brown AFC ( 1919 – 2011 ) was a World War II Royal Air Force fighter pilot during the Battle of Britain . Brown joined the RAF in 1938 , and promoted to the rank of Flying Officer in October 1940 . During the Battle of Britain , Brown flew spitfires with No . 611 Squadron RAF and No . 41 Squadron RAF . During the battle he claimed 3 and 1 shared destroyed , and one shared ' probable ' . Following the Battle of Britain , Brown was a flying instructor at No . 61 OTU Operational Training Unit and Cranwell Flying Training School . He was promoted to flight lieutenant in January 1944 and subsequently to the rank of squadron leader . He was awarded the Air Force Cross in December 1945 . He was released from the RAF in November 1945 , retaining the rank of squadron leader . In 2004 , Brown wrote Honour Restored about the Battle of Britain and his exploits and those of his fellow pilots . Brown was a member of the Battle of Britain Historical Society and unveiled a plaque at Stockport Grammar School to commemorate two Battle of Britain pilots who attended the school . Brown died on 20 January 2011 .
Defence policy Defence policy is public policy dealing with international security and the military . It comprises the measures and initiatives that governments do or do not take in relation to decision - making and strategic goals , such as when and how to commit national armed forces . It is used to ensure retention of independence in national development , and alleviation of hardships imposed from hostile and aggressive external actors . The Defence Ministry ( or a synonymous organisation ) minister is the primary decision - maker for the national defence policy . Purpose . Defence policy identifies threats of hostility and aggression based on intelligence analysis , and defines military scope of national security , defence alliance s , combat readiness , military organisation of national forces and their use of military technology . The national defence policy defines the national defence strategy , the " when " of committing national armed forces . The national defence policy also defines the strategic posture , the " how " , towards any possible threats to national territory , its society , environment , and economy , and defines options available to deal with such threats . The more options a defence policy provides to the government , the better it is considered in its formulation . Strategic posture in turn defines the military doctrine of the armed forces . This doctrine may include confronting threats to national interests located outside of the national territory such as shipping lane s . The defence strategy and military doctrine are developed though strategic policy and capability development processes . Development . A defence policy is created through the defence policy process of making important organisational decisions , including the identification of priorities and different alternatives such as defence personnel and technology programs or budget priorities , and choosing among them on the basis of the impact they will have on the overall national development . Defence policies can be understood as political , management , financial , administrative and executable mechanisms arranged to reach explicit military goals and objectives . Applications . Defence policy addresses the achievement of its military goals and objectives by making explicit statements about the desired capability in : combat readiness , military organization , political - military relationships ( civilian control of the military ) , the role of the armed forces , command and control , military intelligence and counterintelligence , defence diplomacy , defence capability in terms of ( technology , mobility , materiel , and logistics ) , block obsolescence , professionalism and training , recruiting , social change in the military , standing forces , military reserve force s , and conscription s . Defence policy differs from rules of engagement determine when , where , and how military force is be used by formations and units .
Thomas Ryan ( Commandant ) Major Thomas Ryan ( c . 1790 – ? ? ) soldier and penal administrator , was acting commandant of the second convict settlement at Norfolk Island , from July 1839 until the arrival of Alexander Maconochie in March 1840 . Although he regarded the convicts as having been sent to the island for punishment , he tried to give them hope of release at some future time . Rations were increased , meals inspected , and well behaved and willing convicts were allowed to maintain gardens .
Siege of Pondicherry ( 1760 ) The 1760 – 1761 Siege of Pondicherry was a conflict in the Third Carnatic War , part of the global Seven Years ' War . Lasting from 4 September 1760 to 15 January 1761 , British land and naval forces besieged and eventually compelled the French forces defending the French colonial outpost of Pondicherry to surrender . The city was on the verge of starvation when French commander Lally surrendered . Many civilians were killed in fire between the lines when Lally attempted to evict them from the city in order to reduce the population under siege .
Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( Installations and Logistics ) The Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( Installations and Logistics ) ( abbreviated ASN ( I & L ) ) was a civilian office in the United States Department of the Navy , ca 1960s - 1970s . The Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( Installations and Logistics ) was responsible for all U . S . naval installations and for managing the logistics of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps . Kenneth E . BeLieu held this position from 1961 to 1965 .
Frederick Peake Major - General Frederick Gerard Peake , CMG , CBE ( 12 June 1886 – 30 March 1970 ) , known as Peake Pasha , was a British Army and police officer and creator of the Arab Legion . Military career . He was born the son of Lt - Colonel Walter Peake DSO on 12 June 1886 . Peake graduated from the Royal Military College Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Duke of Wellington ' s Regiment in 1906 and served in India from 1908 to 1913 . He became an officer whilst serving with Sudan Camel Corps , part of the British Imperial Egyptian Army and was awarded a Fourth Class of the Order of the Nile ( The London Gazette , 31 August 1917 ) . He served for a time under Lawrence of Arabia . In September 1920 the then Captain Peake left the Imperial Camel Corps to report on the security situation in Transjordan . The situation was found to be insufficient and in October the same year Peake , then a Lieutenant - Colonel , was ordered by the High Commissioner of Palestine to form two small police forces : During the summers of 1921 and 1923 , Peake organized the 150 - man Reserve Mobile Force , which formed the nucleus of the Arab Legion . This force was made of up Arabs , Kurds , Turks and Circassion s armed with German rifles . Due to increasing regional skirmishes , the Reserve Mobile Force was reformed with 750 officers and men . This reorganized force thwarted Wahhabi raids in 1922 and the Adwan Rebellion in 1923 . He became a Major - General in the army of Transjordan . Personal life . He married Elspeth MacLean Ritchie , daughter of Norman Ritchie , in 1937 . In 1939 , he retired and was succeeded by John Bagot Glubb . To the Jordanians he became known as " Peake Pasha " . His daughter , Julia Grace Peake , was born on June 6 , 1941 . She first married David Renwick Grant , and second the late Sir Hugh Arbuthnot , 7th Bt .