naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Finis Bellis Finis Bellis ( Latin for " End of War " ; also called by its Spanish or French name , Fin de la Guerra or Fin de la Guerre ) was a Dutch rebel ship , designed by Federigo Giambelli , employed during the siege of Antwerp ( 1585 ) against the imperial Spanish forces . The vessel resembled a huge floating fighting platform , featuring a castle in its center manned by a large number of guns and a thousand musketeer s . According to some sources , the ship was protected by thick iron plates . The defenders put great faith into the construction to relieve the siege , thus its name . When put into action , however , the vessel proved too heavy for the shallow waterways and soon ran aground , prompting some Spanish to call it mockingly " Los gastos perdidos " ( The lost expenditure ) . After one final , unsuccessful sortie , Antwerp was ultimately forced to surrender in August 1585 .
Fin flash A fin flash is part of the national markings of the military aircraft of a number of countries . In addition to the insignia displayed on the wings and fuselage , usually in the form of roundels , an additional marking known as a fin flash may also be displayed on the fin or rudder . A fin flash often takes the form of vertical , horizontal or slanted stripes in the same colours as the main insignia and may be referred to as rudder stripes if they appear on the rudder instead of the fin , as with the Armee de l ' Air of France . Alternatively , a national flag or a roundel may be used . Images shown below are as they appear on the left side of the aircraft ( i . e . with the left side of the fin flash leading ) - in cases where there are no asymmetrical details such as coats of arms or text that cannot be reversed , the image may be reversed for the right side , such as with the Royal Air Force fin flash to keep the same side forward much as with a flag . When a national flag is used , the left side of the aircraft is often the back side of the flag as it is normally flown . Exceptions include the pre - ww2 German Third Reich , which used stripes on the right side of the fin and rudder and the swastika on a red band on the left side of the aircraft .
13th Air Transport Squadron The 13th Air Transport Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was to the 2d Aircraft Delivery Group of Tactical Air Command at Dobbins Air Force Base , Georgia , where it was inactivated on 30 September 1970 . The squadron was first activated during World War II and served in the China Burma India Theater , where it flew airlift missions over The Hump . The squadron was reactivated under Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) in 1952 as a medium airlift unit and served in that role until MATS inactivated its 1703d Air Transport Group and drew down its operations at Brookley AFB . Alabama . It was active for a short period at Dobbins AFB , Georgia as a VIP airlift unit before its final inactivation . History . World War II . The squadron was first activated as the 13th Air Corps Ferrying Squadron , a C - 46 Commando squadron at Pope Field , North Carolina , serving with the 1st Ferrying Group . It deployed to India where it was an element of Tenth Air Force until it was transferred to the India - China Wing of Air Transport Command ( ATC ) in India where the squadron flew the India to China route over The Hump . It was disbanded in December 1943 in a reorganization of ATC and was replaced by Station 6 , India - China Wing , Air Transport Command . Service with Military Air Transport Command . The 13th was reconstituted and reactivated in 1952 as the 13th Air Transport Squadron , Medium at Brookley Air Force Base , Alabama , where it replaced the 1281st Air Transport Squadron when MATS converted its table of distribution air transport squadrons to table of organization units controlled by Headquarters , USAF . The squadron equipped with C - 124 Globemaster II intercontinental strategic transports , it flew long range strategic airlift missions until 1957 when the unit was inactivated as part of the Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) pullout from Brookley . VIP Airlift . The squadron again replaced a unit controlled by a major command in 1969 when Tactical Air Command ( TAC ) activated it to replace the 4433d Air Transport Squadron at Dobbins AFB , Georgia . The 4433d had been providing VIP transport , primarily for Army officers , under various designations since 1948 . The 4433d was originally organized as the 5th Special Air Missions Squadron under Bolling Field Command in the spring of 1948 . on 19 July 1948 it became the 1115th Special Air Missions Squadron when Headquarters , USAF required units controlled by its major air commands to be numbered with four digits in assigned blocks of numbers . In November 1952 , the squadron was transferred to Continental Air Command , which required renumbering to the 2315th Air Transport Squadron , Light . Transfer to TAC in July 1960 resulted in another designation , the 4433d Air Transport Squadron , Light , but the squadron mission remained the same . TAC finally inactivated its VIP airlift squadrons , including the 13th , in 1970 .
Daneborg Daneborg ( or Daneborg Station ) is a station on the south coast of Wollaston Foreland peninsula of northeast Greenland , at the mouth of Young Sund emptying into Greenland Sea . Daneborg serves as the headquarters for the SIRIUS Patrol , the dog sled patrollers of the Northeast Greenland National Park , the largest national park in the world . The number of persons at the station is few and varies considerably from summer to winter . Daneborg is the most populated of stations in the park , with an over - wintering population of 12 . History . The previous sledge patrol headquarters , " Eskimonæs " , 27 km southwest of later Daneborg at Dødemandsbugten on the south coast of Clavering Ø , which had also been the location of the last Inuit settlement in Northeast Greenland ( 1823 ) , was destroyed by German World War II invaders on March 13 , 1943 . The station at the site of the current Daneborg was originally established in summer 1944 , during World War II , under the command of Captain Strong of US Coast Guard Cutter Storis near the trapping station Sandodden , as an American military weather station , and staffed with six men of the 8th Weather Squadron Detachment . At the end of the war , the station was taken over by the North East Greenland Sledge Patrol as their new regional headquarters and named Daneborg . Part of the station was built by material left behind at the German wartime station Lille Koldeway further north , which had been established by Operation Edelweiß II .
Camp Shanks Camp Shanks , named after Major General David Carey Shanks ( 1861 – 1940 ) was a United States Army installation in and around Orangeburg in the Town of Orangetown , New York . Situated near the juncture of the Erie Railroad and the Hudson River , it served as a point of embarkation for troops departing overseas during World War II . Dubbed “ Last Stop USA , ” the camp housed about 50 , 000 troops spread over and was the largest World War II Army embarkation camp , processing 1 . 3 million service personnel including 75 % of those participating in the D - Day invasion . In 1945 Camp Shanks housed German and Italian prisoners of war . After the war Camp Shanks was converted into housing for veterans with families attending colleges and universities in the New York area under the GI Bill ; the settlement , then known as Shanks Village , closed in 1954 . Museum . A small museum opened near the site in June 1994 . Units Passing Through Camp Shanks . " ( Partial Listing ) "
Leave ( military ) In military , leave is a permission to be away from one ' s unit , either for a specified or unspecified period of time . The term AWOL , standing for " absent without leave " , is a term for desertion used in armed forces of many English speaking countries . Various militaries have specific rules that regulate leaves . Block leave is a term used to refer to time allotted to be spent with families independently of their units and where they must not report to their units while on rotation from their tours . A furlough is a term applied to members of an armed service who have been given an extended period of leave from front line service in order to return home . For example , during World War II New Zealand soldiers who had served overseas for long periods ( usually three or more years ) were granted a " furlough " for a visit home . These soldiers on leave were called " furlough men "
349th Squadron ( Belgium ) 349th Squadron ( , ) is one of the traditional fighter squadron in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . Originally formed in England in 1942 as No 349 ( Belgian ) Squadron of the Royal Air Force , it was transferred to the Belgian Air Force , along with the other Belgian squadron of the RAF , No . 350 Squadron , in 1946 . Considered a ' honorary ' squadron , it retained its original name and numbering and has been flying in Belgian colors ever since . Today , it is part of the 10th Tactical Wing and operates F - 16 Fighting Falcon s from the Kleine Brogel airfield . History . With the Royal Air Force . No 349 ( Belgian ) Squadron was formed as a Royal Air Force squadron by Belgian personal at RAF Ikeja ( near Lagos ) , Nigeria on 10 November 1942 . The squadron was equipped with the Curtiss Tomahawk for local defence duties but the squadron did not become operational as such . The pilots were used for ferrying aircraft to the Middle East instead . The squadron was disbanded in May 1943 and the personnel transferred to the UK . On 5 June 1943 the Squadron was reformed at RAF Station Wittering with the Supermarine Spitfire V and became operational at RAF Station Digby in August 1943 . The Squadron moved to southern England to operate over France on bomber escorts and low - level sweeps . In early 1944 it began to train as a fighter - bomber unit and then operated in this role in occupied Europe . During the invasion of Normandy it carried out beachhead patrols and then were used as bomber escorts . In August 1944 the squadron moved to France in the fighter - bomber role , it carried out armed reconnaissance behind enemy positions and attacked targets of opportunity ( mainly vehicles ) . In February 1945 the Squadron returned to England to convert to the Hawker Tempest . This did not go well , conversion was stopped in April , and the Squadron re - gained Spitfire IXs operating from the Netherlands . It moved to Belgium and was disbanded as an RAF Squadron on 24 October 1946 on transfer to the Belgian Air Force , keeping the number . Under Belgian command . In 1946 , the unit became integrated into the Belgian Air Force . In 1999 , the squadron participated in the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . In 2005 and 2008 it was deployed to Kabul as part of the ISAF mission in Afghanistan . In 2011 , it was part of Operation Unified Protector during the Libyan civil war .
SS Armenian SS " Armenian " was an 1895 - built cargo liner built for the Leyland Line , but managed by the White Star Line from 20 March 1903 . She was employed on the cargo service between Liverpool and New York , with the passenger service between the two ports having been previously withdrawn . In 1910 she was repainted in the Leyland livery ( a pink funnel with black top ) . The " Armenian " was fitted out to transport horses and used as a transport in the South African War , and in 1901 was used to transport 963 Boer prisoners of war to Darrell ' s and Burt ' s Island s . The " Armenian " made a last sailing on 3 March 1914 before being briefly laid up prior to deployment as a horse transport to France . War service . Although no longer fitted as a passenger vessel , the " Armenian " , and the , were used to transport the Grenadier Guards to Belgium on 7 October 1914 . Sinking . On 28 June 1915 she was engaged by the German submarine " U - 24 " off Trevose Head , Cornwall . After a failed attempt at escape the crew were allowed to abandon ship and the vessel was sunk by two torpedoes fired into her stern . Twenty - nine members of the mostly American crew were lost in the sinking , along with the vessel ' s cargo of 1 , 400 mules . Following on from the sinking of the 52 days earlier , the sinking caused a second crisis to develop between Germany and the United States as the majority of the men who died were Americans . The survivors were picked up the following day by the Belgian steam trawler " President Stevens " , although four of the survivors later died . Wreck . The 2002 discovery of the wreck turned out to be incorrect , with the wreck of the auxiliary cruiser HMS " Patia " being misidentified by amateur divers . SS " Armenian " was featured on the History Channel in an episode of Deep Wreck Mysteries entitled " Search for the Bone Wreck " where it was successfully located and identified by the wreck hunter and archaeologist Innes McCartney . The wreck sits upright in 95 metres of water , forty fives miles from the reported sinking location given by the British .
Thames Nautical Training College The Thames Nautical Training College , as it is now called , was , for over a hundred years , situated aboard ships named HMS " Worcester " . London shipowners , marine insurance underwriters and merchants subscribed to its founding as an institution which would provide trained officers for a seagoing career . The British Admiralty loaned the 50 - gun , 1 , 500 - ton frigate HMS " Worcester " for the scheme , and in 1862 the Thames Marine Officer Training School was opened . She was to find her eventual home off Greenhithe , in the Thames , in 1871 , after temporary berths at Blackwall , Erith and Southend . The college expanded and the Admiralty provided the college with HMS " Frederick William " ( originally laid down as " Royal Frederick " ) , a line - of - battle ship of 86 guns with screw propulsion . She was renamed " Worcester " and refitted in the Victoria Docks before being brought to Greenhithe in 1876 . About this time the name of the school was changed to the Incorporated Thames Nautical Training College , HMS " Worcester " ( ITNTC ) . In 1938 , the clipper " Cutty Sark " was acquired by the college and berthed alongside " Worcester " and during the Second World War some seamanship classes were held in the ship . In 1954 the " Cutty Sark " left Greenhithe to be docked permanently at Greenwich , where she is docked to this day . With the onset of war in 1939 , Worcester cadets moved to Foots Cray Place near Sidcup , and the ship was handed back to the Admiralty . The third " Worcester " ( formerly HMS " Exmouth " ) arrived at Greenhithe in January 1946 . She had previously been used as an accommodation ship at Scapa Flow . The ship , built in 1905 , was the Royal Navy ' s first specially commissioned training ship . In 1968 the ITNTC became part of the Merchant Navy College at Greenhithe . The ship " Worcester " became redundant and was sold to be broken up in Belgium in 1978 . " Worcester " cadets , who automatically became Cadets of the Royal Naval Reserve during their time in the ship , entered the Royal Navy and British merchant navy on leaving " Worcester " and many rose to the highest ranks of their profession , including those who became commodores of leading merchant fleets . In the period up to 1946 , two Victoria Cross es and one George Cross were awarded to former " Worcester " cadets . In 1876 Queen Victoria confirmed her interest in the ship by establishing the award of an annual Gold Medal to the cadet who , in the opinion of his shipmates , was most likely to make the best officer . HMS " Worcester " was the London maritime interests ' answer to HMS " Conway " which had been established in 1859 on the River Mersey as a training ship for Liverpool ' s burgeoning merchant fleet . Throughout their history " Worcester " and " Conway " were competitors , and the two met regularly on playing fields and in boats in keen sporting rivalry .
Franz Eckerle Franz Eckerle ( 24 April 1912 – 14 February 1942 ) was a German former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat . Franz Eckerle was forced to make an emergency landing behind Soviet lines southeast of Schlüsselburg on 14 February 1942 . He was posted as missing in action and presumed killed . He was posthumously honoured with the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub " ) on 12 March 1942 for 59 aerial victories .
740th Missile Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 740th Missile Squadron is a missile operations squadron of the 91st Missile Wing , 91st Operations Group , located at Minot AFB , North Dakota . Mission . The 740th missile squadron controls and maintains 50 launch facilities and 5 missile alert facitilies . The squadron is divided into missile operations flights , which are responsible for day - to - day operations , maintenance , and security , and operations support flights , which are responsible for ensuring the readiness of the missile alert facilities . History . World War II . Established as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment unit in mid - 1943 ; assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Primarily trained in New Mexico and Utah received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in November 1943 . Moved to Virginia where the group flew long - range convoy escort missions over the Mid - Atlantic , October – November 1943 while station in Italy was being constructed . Deployed to Southern Italy in January 1944 ; entered combat in January 1944 , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force . Engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military , industrial and transportation targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Hungary , Romania , and Yugoslavia , bombing railroad marshalling yards , oil refineries , airdrome installations , heavy industry , and other strategic objectives . In addition to strategic missions in the Balkans , the group bombed troop concentrations , bridges , marshalling yards , and airdromes during the fall of 1944 to hamper the enemy ’ s withdrawal from the region . The group also supported ground forces at Anzio and Cassino in March 1944 ; knocked out gun positions in preparation for the invasion of Southern France in August 1944 ; and assisted the final Allied drive through Italy in April 1945 by hitting such targets as bridges , gun positions , and troop concentrations . Remained in Italy after the German Capitulation in May , although unit personnel were demobilized throughout the summer of 1945 . Group was inactivated in Italy on 9 September 1945 . Reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 with B - 29 Superfortress es . Trained at Hensley Field , Texas . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget restrictions . Tactical Air Command . Allocated to Tactical Air Command during the 1950s . Activated at Myrtle Beach AFB , South Carolina in 1956 as part of a second Fighter - Day Group planned for the new installation . Some personnel were assigned but never became operational with aircraft . Inactivated in July 1957 due to budget restrictions ; personnel assigned were reassigned to 354th Fighter - Day Group . Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Squadron . Reactivated on 1 November 1962 as an ICBM squadron assigned to the 455th Strategic Missile Wing at Minot AFB , North Dakota . Initially equipped with 50 LGM - 30B Minuteman I s in 1963 . Reassigned to 91st Strategic Missile Wing in 1968 . Upgraded to LGM - 30G Minuteman III in 1968 / 1969 , has maintained ICBMs on alert ever since . 740th Missile Squadron Launch Facilities
Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury ( DCoE ) is a United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) organization that provides guidance across DoD programs related to psychological health ( PH ) and traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) issues . The organization ' s official mission is to " improve the lives of our nation ’ s service members , families and veterans by advancing excellence in psychological health and traumatic brain injury prevention and care . " History . Eight different blue ribbon panels and commissions were established in 2007 to examine PTSD , TBI and other combat - related health issues . Policy makers , federal agency representatives , war veterans , academics , health care experts and medical scientists from a number of disciplines convened to address the care of warriors and their families . DCoE was created in response to several of 300 - plus key recommendations that were generated , as well as recommendations from the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act . Deputy Secretary of Defense , Gordon England , announced the opening of DCoE in November 2007 . Overview . DCoE focuses on education and training ; clinical care ; prevention ; research ; and service member , family and community outreach . In collaboration with the Department of Veterans Affairs , the organization supports the Department of Defense ’ s commitment of caring for service members from the time they enter service and throughout the completion of their service . DCoE also seeks to mitigate the stigma that still deters some from reaching out for help for problems such as post - traumatic stress disorder and TBI . The organization has a leadership role in collaborating with a national network of external entities including non - profit organizations , other DoD agencies , academia , Congress , military services and other federal agencies . Public health service and civil service workers , including personnel from the Department of Veterans Affairs and individuals from all the military services as well as contract personnel comprise the staff of DCoE . DCoE offers a variety of services to benefit service members , families and veterans . The organization maintains a 24 / 7 outreach center staffed by health resource consultants who provide psychological health and TBI information , resources and referrals for service members , veterans and their families . According to an official summary of the organization , " the outreach center also supports the Real Warriors Campaign , an initiative launched by DCoE to promote the processes of building resilience , facilitating recovery and supporting reintegration of returning service members , veterans and their families . The campaign promotes help - seeking behavior among service members and veterans with invisible wounds and encourages the awareness and use of available resources . " DCoE is composed of three centers : Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center ( DVBIC ) , Deployment Health Clinical Center ( DHCC ) and National Center for Telehealth and Technology ( T2 ) .