naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Edwin P . Smith Lieutenant General Edwin P . Smith commanded the U . S . Army , Pacific from October 1998 to his retirement in November 2002 . He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1967 and went on to earn two graduate degrees . He earned a Master of Arts in English from the University of Kentucky and a Master of Business Administration from Long Island University . Smith is also a graduate of the Canadian National Defense College . Smith served one tour in Vietnam during 1968 as an infantry platoon leader . Promoted to Brigadier General in 1993 , Smith ' s major command prior to USARPAC was as Commanding General of the U . S . Army Southern European Task Force in Vicenza , Italy . Other major duty assignments were as Deputy for Readiness for the U . S . Pacific Command from 1991 - 1993 . He then served as Executive Officer to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe , in Belgium , followed by a tour as Assistant Division Commander for the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg . Awards and decorations . Smith ' s decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , the Distinguished Service Medal , the Defense Superior Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star , and the Purple Heart . His official retirement date was 1 January 2003 . He later served as the Director of Asia - Pacific Center for Security Studies in Honolulu from 2005 until 2011 .
Attaque à outrance Attaque à outrance ( ) was the expression of a military philosophy common to many armies in the period before and during the earlier parts of World War I . This philosophy was a response to the increasing weight of defensive firepower that accrued to armies in the nineteenth century , as a result of several technological innovations , notably breech - loading rifled guns , machine guns , and light field artillery firing high - explosive shells . It held that the victor would be the side with the strongest will , courage , and dash ( élan ) , and that every attack must therefore be pushed to the limit . The invention of machine gun s and barbed wire as well as the subsequent development of trench warfare rendered this tactic extremely costly and usually ineffective . The philosophy is particularly associated with the French , due to its adoption by Noël de Castelnau in the First Battle of Champagne ( 1914 ) , and by Robert Nivelle in the Nivelle Offensive ( 1917 ) . Joseph Joffre , French chief of general staff from 1911 on , had originally adopted the doctrine for the French military and purged the army of ' defensively - minded ' commanders . However , all sides launched large , costly and futile frontal offensives in this style : the British at the Battle of the Somme ( 1916 ) , the Germans in the First Battle of Ypres ( 1914 ) , the Russians in the Brusilov Offensive ( 1916 ) , and so on . The origins of this doctrine are traced back to the increasingly militarized ' Warrior Culture ' that most European nations developed during the 19th century , where the ideal citizen was the soldier in the employ of his homeland . This predisposed officers and soldiers towards narrow ideals focusing on blind courage in the face of war ' s adversity .
List of barracks in Munich The Bavarian capital Munich was home to many military barracks . The first ones were located near the historical center of Munich . At the end of the 18th century a lot of military installations were built to the north of the historical center . Most of the installations were renamed during Nazi Germany , once more during the occupation of Germany after World War II when the installations were used by the United States Army , and once more when the Bundeswehr got them for use . Only three of them are currently used . The barracks of Munich are listed on a memorial stone which is located in Bayern - Kaserne .
CCGS D ' Iberville CCGS " D ' Iberville " was a Canadian Coast Guard Gulf icebreaker . Commissioned as the CGS " D ' Iberville " for the Department of Transport ' s Marine Service , using the prefix " Canadian Government Ship " , " D ' Iberville " was transferred into the newly created Canadian Coast Guard in 1962 . When launched , she was the largest icebreaker of the post - World War II in Canada until the CCGS John A . MacDonald was put in service . She saw service in the St . Lawrence River and Gulf of St . Lawrence ( 1st ship in the canal and transporting Queen Elizabeth II ) and was decommissioned in 1983 . Renamed Phillip O ' Hara 1983 in and back to D ' Iberville 1988 before finally being scrapped in 1989 . CCGS N . B . McLean left the same time with D ' Iberville to scrap in 1988 - 1989 . CGS Base Quebec . Current vessels in Quebec :
Josiah Spaulding Josiah Augustus " Si " Spaulding ( December 21 , 1922 – March 27 , 1983 ) was an American businessman , attorney , and politician . Education and military service . Spaulding graduated from the Hotchkiss School and Yale University in 1947 , where he was a member of Skull and Bones . He served three years as a pilot for the US Marine Corps during World War II and was discharged as a first lieutenant . He attended Columbia Law School . Politics . Spaulding served as the Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party from 1967 to 1969 . He was the Republican nominee for United States Senator in 1970 and Massachusetts Attorney General in 1974 . Law . Spaudling was a partner in the Boston law firm of Bingham Dana & Gould . Business . Spaulding was the longtime chairman of Beverly Hospital in Beverly , Massachusetts . Spaulding was one the founders of the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Hospital . Following his death , the hospital would be renamed the Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in his honor . Personal life . Spaulding was married to Helen Bowdoin Spaulding , an activist and philanthropist who served as the president of the New England Aquarium and vice chairman of the board of trustees of Georgetown University . He died in 1983 in San Juan , Puerto Rico . Spaulding ' s son , Josiah Spaulding , Jr . , is the president and CEO of the Citi Performing Arts Center .
The Valley of the Shadow " This page is about an American Civil war project . For other uses , see Valley of the Shadow ( disambiguation ) The Valley of the Shadow is a digital history project hosted by the University of Virginia detailing the experiences of Confederate soldiers from Augusta County , Virginia and Union soldiers from Franklin County , Pennsylvania . William G . Thomas III and Edward L . Ayers , the creators of the project , have called it " an applied experiment in digital scholarship . " The site contains scanned copies of four newspapers from each of the counties in addition to those of surrounding cities such as Richmond and New York : the Staunton " Spectator " ( Staunton , Virginia ; Whig ) , the " Republican Vindicator " ( Staunton , Virginia ; Democratic ) , the Franklin " Repository and Transcript " ( Chambersburg , Pennsylvania ; Republican ) , and the " Valley Spirit " ( Chambersburg , Pennsylvania ; Democratic ) . Elsa A . Nystrom and Justin A . Nystrom state about the site : . . . the digital article challenges the user to select their own path through the material , following what most closely aligns with their specific interests – “ alternative readings ” in the words of the authors . Initially , their use of the digital medium seems fairly straightforward until one realizes just how much is there , and as an extension , how much one might miss inadvertently .
825th Bombardment Squadron The 825th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 484th Bombardment Group . It was last stationed at Casablanca Airport , French Morocco , and was inactivated on 25 July 1945 . History . Established in late 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in April 1944 , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force in Southern Italy . Despite designation , squadron did not perform pathfinder missions . Instead it engaged in very long range strategic bombardment missions against enemy strategic targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Czechoslovakia , Hungary , and the Balkans until April 1945 . Bombed aircraft factories , assembly plants , oil refineries , storage areas , marshalling yards , airdromes , and other objectives until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Attached to Air Transport Command in May 1945 ; used B - 24s as transports flying personnel from locations in France and Italy to Casablanca , French Morocco . Also engaged in transport operations from North Africa to Azores or Dakar in French West Africa where personnel eventually were transported to Florida . Squadron inactivated in place in French Morocco during July 1945 .
Victory disease Victory disease denotes when in military history , because of complacency or arrogance brought on by a victory or series of victories , an engagement ends disastrously for a commander and his forces . A commander may disdain the enemy , and believe his own invincibility , leading his troops to disaster . That commander may employ strategies which , if effective in earlier combats or maneuvers , prove catastrophic against a new or smarter enemy ; the commander afflicted by " victory disease " may also fail to anticipate a new enemy may use tactics different from those of old enemies . An overconfident commander may disregard military intelligence which would enable the commander to realize that new tactics are needed . Though " victory disease " does not inevitably foretell defeat , it often precedes it . The term is also applied outside the military world . Origin . The origin of the term ( " ( 戦勝病 senshoubyou ) " in Japanese ) is associated with the Japan ese advance in the Pacific Theater of World War II , where , after attacking Pearl Harbor in 1941 , Japan won a series of nearly uninterrupted victories against the Allies in Southeast Asia and the Pacific . Although the Japanese had planned to establish a perimeter and go on the defensive , victories encouraged them to continue expanding to where it strained logistics and the navy . This culminated in the Battle of Midway in 1942 , a catastrophic defeat of the Japanese navy : all four Japanese aircraft carrier s involved were sunk , and the hitherto unstoppable Japanese advance was blunted . References . Notes
James Totten James Totten ( September 11 , 1818 – October 1 , 1871 ) was a career American soldier who served in the United States Army and retired from active service in 1870 as the Assistant Inspector General . He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Early life and career . Totten was born in 1818 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1841 and subsequently became a first lieutenant in 1847 before fighting Seminole Indians in Florida during 1849 - 50 . After attaining the rank of captain in 1855 , he went to Bleeding Kansas to try to suppress the disturbances there . Civil War service . When the American Civil War began in 1861 , Totten was in command of the Little Rock , Arkansas , arsenal with just 65 men . He was forced to evacuate his forces to St . Louis when about 5 , 000 pro - secession volunteers led by Governor Henry M . Rector poured into the city and surrounded the federal armory . Serving under generals Nathaniel Lyon and John C . Frémont in Missouri as their chief of artillery , Totten was promoted to lieutenant colonel in September 1861 . He became known for the style which he used to issue orders to his batteries . Punctuated with profanity , a typical order might sound like , " Forward that caisson , G - d d - - n you , sir ! " It was claimed that some soldiers would walk half a mile just to listen to Totten for five minutes . On February 12 , 1862 , Totten was promoted to Brigadier General in the Missouri Militia . Totten commanded the 2nd Division in the Army of the Frontier in 1862 . He was not present with the division when it went into action at the battle of Prairie Grove and was therefore led by Colonel Daniel Huston , Jr . In 1865 Totten commanded the artillery in the Military Division of West Mississippi and participated in the battle of Fort Blakely . Following the war , the Army issued a large number of brevet ( honorary ) promotions to hundreds of officers to recognize their service . Totten received brevets to the ranks of colonel and brigadier general in the Union Army dating from March 13 , 1865 , " for gallant and meritorious service in the field " . Postbellum . Totten died in Sedalia , Missouri , in the fall of 1871 , and was buried in Crown Hill Cemetery .
Adam Kuckhoff Adam Kuckhoff ( 30 August 1887 in Aachen – 5 August 1943 ) was a German writer , journalist , and German resistance fighter against the Third Reich . Adam Kuckhoff published a popular edition of the works of Georg Büchner in 1927 , and headed the cultural - political magazine " Die Tat " ( " The Deed " ) in 1928 - 1929 , which he gave a left - wing , democratic flavour . In 1931 , he wrote the artistic novel " Scherry " about Grock . In 1931 - 1932 , he was a dramatic adviser at the Berlin Schauspielhaus . His main work , the world war novel " Der Deutsche von Bayencourt " ( " The German from Bayencourt " ) appeared in Germany in 1937 . He and his wife Greta were involved with Arvid and Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra . He was arrested in Prague on 12 September 1942 , following the arrests of Harnack and many other members of the organization . He was executed at Plötzensee Prison on 5 August 1943 . In East Germany , Kuckhoff was honoured as a resistance fighter . In Leipzig - Grünau a school was named after him . It bore his name from 1985 to 1990 .
Ministry of Defence ( Czech Republic ) Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic ( , MO ČR ) is the primary agency of the Czech Republic responsible for the planning and carrying - out of defense policy . It is the direct successor of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence . Its current headquarters is located in Prague . The current minister is Vlastimil Picek .
USS Spark ( 1831 ) USS " Spark " ( 1831 ) was a schooner purchased by the Navy during the early days of the republic . She was assigned to patrolling for lumber smugglers along the lower East Coast of the United States . Purchased in Maryland . The second ship to be so named by the Navy , " Spark " was purchased by the Navy in 1831 at Baltimore , Maryland , and sailed early in April to Washington , D . C . , to be repaired and fitted out ; and commissioned on or near 19 May 1832 , Lt . William Piercy in command . Protecting timber from poachers . The schooner departed early in June and remained at Norfolk , Virginia , until the 27th when she headed for the Florida coast to protect live oak timber on public lands in the southern states . She was impeded in her voyage south by adverse winds and did not reach St . Augustine , Florida , until 12 August . She cruised along the coast of Georgia and Gulf of Mexico looking for lumber poachers until May 1832 . Decommissioning . " Spark " then returned north and was sold .
Jean Baptiste Louis DeCourtel Marchand Jean Baptiste Louis DeCourtel Marchand ( died 1722 in Wetumpka , Alabama ) was a French soldier . Little is known about Captain Marchands ' early life . It is known that Jean was the French military commanding officer of the French colonial trading Fort Toulouse , near present day Wetumpka , Alabama . Sometime in 1722 , he was murdered by his own men in a mutiny who had apparently become fed up and frustrated over shortages of food , supplies and pay . In 1720 , he married Sehoy of the prestigious Wind Clan of the Creek Nation . Their children were : Descendants : http : / / familytreemaker . genealogy . com / users / p / i / e / Belinda - K - Pierce / GENE39 - 0304 . html
34th Virginia Infantry The 34th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . The 34th Virginia was organized in May 1864 , with men from Norfolk , Richmond , and Yorktown , and the counties of Gloucester , Mecklenburg , Bedford , Greene , and King and Queen . For almost two years the unit served as heavy artillery attached to the Department of Richmond and was known as the 4th Heavy Artillery . In May , 1864 , it was assigned to Wise ' s Brigade as infantry . It participated in the long Petersburg siege south of the James River and saw action in various conflicts around Appomattox . It contained 466 effectives in June , 1862 , and surrendered 14 officers and 210 men . The field officers were Colonel John T . Goode , Lieutenant Colonel Randolph Harrison , and Major John R . Bagby .
Anderson Troop Anderson Troop was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . The unit was frequently referred to as " Anderson Troop , Pennsylvania Cavalry " . ( It is occasionally identified as the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry , which is incorrect , although Anderson Troop officers raised that regiment . ) Service . Anderson Troop was organized at Carlisle , Pennsylvania October – November 1861 and mustered in on November 30 , 1861 under the command of Captain William Jackson Palmer for headquarters and escort duty with Gen . Robert Anderson in Kentucky . The regiment was retained at the headquarters of Generals William T . Sherman , Don Carlos Buell , and William S . Rosecrans , all commanders of the Department and Army of the Ohio and Cumberland , until March 24 , 1863 when the unit was discharged . Detailed service . Moved to Louisville , Ky . , December 2 – 7 , 1861 . Duty there until February 1862 . Moved with headquarters Army of the Ohio to Nashville , Tenn . , February 24 . March to Savannah , Tenn . , to reinforce the Army of the Tennessee March – April . Battle of Shiloh April 7 . Advance on and siege of Corinth , Miss . , April 29 - May 30 . Pursuit to Booneville May 31 - June 12 . Buell ' s Campaign in northern Alabama and middle Tennessee June to August . March to Louisville , Ky . , in pursuit of Bragg August 21 - September 26 . Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1 – 22 . Springfield October 6 . Battle of Perryville October 8 . March to Nashville , Tenn . , October 22 - November 7 , and duty there until December 26 . Advance on Murfreesboro December 26 – 30 . Lavergne December 26 – 27 . Wilkinson ' s Cross Roads December 29 . Battle of Stones River December 30 – 31 , 1862 and January 1 – 3 , 1863 . Overall ' s Creek December 31 , 1862 . Lavergne January 1 , 1863 . Lytle ' s Creek January 5 . At Murfreesboro until March 24 , 1863 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 6 men during service ; 1 officer killed , 5 enlisted men died of disease .
HMH - 366 Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 366 ( HMH - 366 ) is a United States Marine Corps helicopter squadron consisting of CH - 53E Super Stallion heavy transport helicopters . The squadron , known as the " Hammerheads " , is based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 29 and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing . The squadron ’ s tail code is “ HH . ” At their activation on September 30 , 2008 , they squadron had 130 Marines and 8 aircraft on - hand which will grow to more than 300 Marines and 16 aircraft in 2009 . Mission . Provide assault support transport of combat troops , supplies and equipment during expeditionary , joint or combined operations . Be prepared for short - notice , worldwide employment in support of Marine Air - Ground Task Force operations . History . Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron - 366 ( HMH - 366 ) was originally activated on September 30 , 1994 at MCAS Kaneohe Bay , Hawaii as part of Marine Aircraft Group 16 ( MAG - 16 ) . As the fourth active CH - 53D Sea Stallion squadron , it was the only Hawaiian home - grown helicopter squadron in active service in the Marine Corps . The squadron ' s callsign , " Hammerhead , " was inspired by the fact that Kaneohe Bay is home to the world ' s largest hammerhead shark population , and the original unit patch featured a hammerhead shark leaping over an airborne CH - 53D . While active in Hawaii , the squadron deployed to the Pacific Missile Range Facility ( PMRF ) , Barking Sands on Kauai , the Pohakuloa Training Area on the Big Island , and completed a successful mainland deployment in support of Combined Arms Exercises ( CAX ) 9 - 98 and 10 - 98 , and Weapons and Tactics Instructors Course ( WTI ) 2 - 00 . The squadron also supported a four aircraft deployment to Dhaka , Bangladesh for presidential support of President Clinton ’ s visit to the country . On 1 October 2000 , with a limited number of available CH - 53Ds in the Marine Corps , and no addition CH - 53Ds being produced , the squadron was de - activated as part of a realignment plan to redistribute the units ’ personnel and aircraft to the remaining three CH - 53D squadrons in Hawaii ( HMH - 362 , HMH - 363 , HMH - 463 ) , thereby increasing the Primary Authorized Aircraft ( PAA ) of those squadrons from eight to ten aircraft . The squadron was reactivated on 30 September 2008 as part of the Marine Corp ' s expansion . Unit awards . A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited . Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation . HMH - 366 has been presented with the following award :
29th Attack Squadron The 29th Attack Squadron is an active United States Air Force training unit flying the MQ - 9 Reaper . It is assigned to the 49th Wing , stationed at Holloman AFB , New Mexico . It was activated on 23 October 2009 . History . Established in early 1942 as an observation squadron ; trained under Third Air Force in the southeast . Equipped with the P - 39F - 2 Aircobra variant which was capable of both ground - attack and reconnaissance missions . Functioned primarily as a training unit during World War II , providing training of reconnaissance pilots and also supporting various Army training units at Fort Polk , Fort Campbell and also the Desert Training Center in Southern California . Also flew P - 40F Warhawks also equipped for reconnaissance missions . Remained in active service after the war ended as a F - 6 Mustang night reconnaissance squadron , but inactivated in 1946 as part of the general demobilization of the USAAF . Reactivated in 1954 under Tactical Air Command and equipped with RF - 80A Shooting Stars at Shaw AFB , South Carolina . Performed training of reconnaissance pilots ; being upgraded to the RF - 84F Thunderstreak in 1955 and the RF - 101C Voodoo in 1957 as a component of the 432d Tactical Reconnaissance Group . Remained at Shaw when the 432d was inactivated and reassigned to the 363d TRW . Inactivated in 1966 with the phaseout of the RF - 101 . Reactivated in 1968 and equipped with the RF - 4C Phantom II due to a critical need for reconnaissance pilots due to the Vietnam War . Performed training on the RF - 4C until 1971 when inactivated due to the USAF drawdown in Vietnam and budget reductions . On October 23 , 2009 , the 29th Attack Squadron ( ATKS ) was stood up under the 49th Wing at Holloman AFB , New Mexico under the command of Lt Colonel James S . Merchant . An initial cadre of twelve instructors ( six Instructor Pilots and six Instructor Sensor Operators ) manned the unit . The unit replaced the 432d Operations Group , Detachment 1 and fell under the auspices of the 432d Wing at Creech AFB , Nevada . It is the one and only MQ - 9 Reaper FTU ( Formal Training Unit ) in the United States Air Force .