naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Superior ( AM - 311 ) USS " Superior " ( AM - 311 ) was a steel - hulled " Admirable " - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy in 1944 . " Superior " participated in the final struggle in the Pacific Ocean against the Empire of Japan during the end of World War II and remained behind , after the war ended , to clear minefields laid during the war . " Superior " was laid down on 18 February 1944 by Associated Shipbuilders , Seattle , Washington , launched on 11 May 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . L . H . Lyon ; and commissioned on 1 November 1944 , Lt . Norman R . Hanson , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific Theatre operations . " Superior " completed fitting out at Seattle , Washington , and then moved down the coast to San Pedro , California , for her shakedown cruise , and then on to San Diego , California , for sound training . She returned to San Pedro on 26 December 1944 , and sailed from there , on 3 January 1945 , for Hawaii . The minesweeper arrived there ten days later and sailed for Eniwetok on 19 January , as a convoy escort . She returned to Pearl Harbor and escorted another convoy EUK - 19 , to Eniwetok . " Superior " stood out of Eniwetok on 3 March , en route to Ulithi where she and Mine Group ( MinGru ) 2 completed final staging for the Ryukyu Islands operation . " Superior " began sweeping mines off Kerama Retto on 25 March . She remained at Okinawa , clearing mines and performing patrol duty until 5 May when she sailed for Ulithi . " Superior " joined another Okinawa - bound convoy and escorted it there on 27 May . She operated from Kerama Retto for the next several months , sweeping mines in the East China Sea . Post - War operations . In September , " Superior " aided in clearing Sasebo Bay and the Tsushima Strait area . The following month she swept the Higashi Channel area off Kyūshū . The ship cleared Sasebo on 10 December 1945 en route to the United States , via Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor . Post - War Deactivation . Superior arrived at San Diego , California , on 12 January 1946 and sailed for Galveston , Texas , the following week . She arrived there on 3 February and was ordered inactivated . The minesweeper moved to Orange , Texas , on 22 May and joined the 16th Fleet in commission , in reserve . In February 1947 her status was changed to out of commission , in reserve . " Superior " was reclassified as a steel - hulled fleet minesweeper , MSF - 311 , on 7 February 1955 . She was struck from the Navy list on 1 July 1972 . Awards . " Superior " received three battle stars for World War II service .
Volkssturmmann Volkssturmmann was a paramiltiary rank of the Volkssturm , the German militia created to defend the German homeland in the last months of World War II . The rank of Volkssturmmann carried no special uniform or insignia and the title was merely held by any person who was drafted to serve in the Volkssturm . The next senior rank of Volkssturmmann was that of " Zugführer " . Nazi Germany ' s last - ditch effort to defend the fatherland during World War II was dependent on the Volkssturmmann ranks . The Volkssturmmann , or " people ' s army " took any able body , man or boy , ages 15 – 65 . In most cases the Volkssturmmann was elderly men and Hitler Youth fanatics . Unfortunately , for Nazi Germany , the Volkssturmmann was an ineffective force that was inadequately equipped , trained or disciplined . In the closing months of World War II , the Volkssturmmann forces were most prominent along the defenses at the Rhine River and during the Battle of Berlin . Even though the use of the Volkssturmmann was a clear indication of a defeated nation , Nazi propaganda glorified the " people ' s army " as a force that would turn the tide in the war effort . Hitler would proclaim that although the once vast Nazi empire had diminished the fatherland could never be penetrated . Joseph Goebbels also contributed heavily to Nazi propaganda . Goebbel ' s numerous speeches and opportunistic outlook called upon the German people to take up arms during the last months of World War II . The Volkssturmmann ' s main objective was to halt the advance of allied forces . During the last months of World War II , the western front faced American and British forces while the eastern front faced the Soviet army . By 1945 , both western and eastern fronts had reached or entered the German homeland . Since the Volkssturmmann ' s goal was to halt the advance of enemy infantry and armored forces , the Volkssturmmann was trained to use the panzerfaust , an anti - tank weapon , and the machine gun . The use of these weapons was simple and required little training . Furthermore , the panzerfaust and machine gun were some of the last munitions that the German war machine had in vast supply . Although glorified by the Nazi Party as the defenders of the fatherland , the Volkssturmmann was Germany ' s failed attempt to replenish their depleted forces . Grandfathers and boys took up arms and fought to the death under the belief that , in the last months of the war , final victory was still possible . This disillusionment continued the war and established the Volkssturmmann as the " people ' s army " .
Queen ' s Royal Surrey Regiment The Queen ' s Royal Surrey Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Army which existed from 1955 to 1966 . It has since amalgamated twice and its lineage is carried on by the Princess of Wales ' s Royal Regiment ( Queen ' s and Royal Hampshires ) . History . As a consequence of defence cuts in the late 1950s , the Queen ' s Royal Regiment ( West Surrey ) and the East Surrey Regiment were amalgamated on 14 October 1959 to form the 1st Battalion , Queen ' s Royal Surrey Regiment . In 1959 the 1st Battalion deployed to Cyprus and the following year arrived in the British bases in Libya , while a detachment was sent to Cyprus . In 1961 the 1st Queen ' s Surreys was sent to Aden — now part of the Yemen . In 1962 the regiment joined the Hong Kong garrison , remaining there on a 2 - year posting before heading for Münster , West Germany in 1964 as part of the British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ) . In 1966 the regiment ' s short existence came to an end when it , along with the three other remaining regiments of the Home Counties Brigade , was amalgamated to form The Queen ' s Regiment , one of the new ' large ' regiments that were formed in the 1960s . Since the Queens Regiment amalgamation in 1992 the traditions and lineage are upheld by the Princess of Wales ' s Royal Regiment ( Queen ' s and Royal Hampshires ) . Territorials . When the regiment was formed , the Territorial Army battalion s of the merging regiments continued to use their former titles . However , in 1961 , a reduction in the size of the TA lead to the formation of 3rd and 4th Queen ' s Surreys : The two territorial battalions were disbanded in 1967 , with their successor units in the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve ( TAVR ) being " A " Company ( Queen ' s Surreys ) of the 5th ( Volunteer ) Battalion , The Queen ' s Regiment and the 6th ( Territorial ) Battalion , The Queen ' s Regiment ( Queen ' s Surreys ) . The Surrey Infantry Museum . The Queen ' s Royal Surrey Regiment archives were put in storage when Regimental Headquarters and Museum in the Keep at Kingston upon Thames closed . Colonel JW Sewell reached agreement with the National Trust to re - establish the regiment ' s museum at Clandon Park , West Clandon The " Queen ' s Royal Surrey Regiment Museum " opened in 1981 with exhibits including uniforms , medals , weapons , regalia , photographs and memorabilia . The museum was upgraded in 2001 . In 2011 , with part funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund further redevelopment took place and , in July that year , the museum merged with those of the Princess of Wales ’ s Royal Regiment and the Queen ’ s Regiment to become " The Surrey Infantry Museum " . The regiment ' s archives and library are located at the Surrey History Centre in Woking .
Navigation and Air Electronics Training Squadron RNZAF NATS ( " Navigation and Air Electronics Training Squadron " of the Royal New Zealand Air Force ) was a squadron based at the now - decommissioned RNZAF Wigram . Equipped with 3 Fokker Friendship F27 Mk120s , NATS was responsible for training Navigators ( NAV ) , Air Engineers ( AIRENG ) and Air Electronic Officers / Operators ( AEO / AEOP ) . Prior to this , it has operated a sizeable fleet ( up to a dozen at one time ? ) of three DH104 Devon variants . The first being the basic " communications " mini airliner , the next having two nav crates and an astrodome fitted , and the last , the " signals " version , sporting two radio crates for student AEOps to practice their airborne duties . While the aircraft could be operated by a single pilot , Flying Flight of NATS also had four signallers on its establishment and these grand masters of the morse key were essential equipment when the little twin pistons headed off into the cold and icy South Pacific for three hours at a time in the middle of winter . They also gave moral support to the pilot who found himself navigating in the dark on a knee pad to ensure the student passing navigational information forward was not taking him towards the South Pole instead of Wigram airfield . NATS was deactivated in 1990 .
German submarine U - 17 ( 1935 ) German submarine " U - 17 " was a Type IIB U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " . It was built in Germaniawerft , Kiel , where it was laid down on July 1 , 1935 and commissioned on December 3 , 1935 , under the command of Werner Fresdorf . Service history . Its career consisted of four patrols , all served while under the 1st U - boat Flotilla where it sank three ships for a total of . Later in the war it served under the 22nd U - boat Flotilla as a training boat , including " Oberleutnant " Walter Sitek as an instructor . Sitek had previously escaped imprisonment after the disabling and sinking of by in February , 1942 . He swam to Pico Island in the Azores , made his way through neutral Spain and returned to the " Kriegsmarine " to serve as an instructor on " U - 17 " , , and . Fate . On May 5 , 1945 " U - 17 " was scuttled at Wilhelmshaven at the western entrance of the Raeder lock .
André Dubonnet André Dubonnet ( 28 June 1897 – 20 January 1980 ) was a French flying ace , athlete , racecar driver , and inventor . Dubonnet was the son of Joseph Dubonnet , founder of the Dubonnet apéritif firm , from which he inherited substantial wealth . He was credited with six aerial victories as a pilot during World War I . He began military service as an artilleryman , but switched to aviation . Flying a SPAD XIII , he shared two out of his three May 1918 victories with Frank Baylies , teamed up with Fernand Chavannes to destroy an observation balloon on 13 June , and split a pair of wins on 16 August 1918 , with Joseph de Sevin and Captain Battle . During the 1920s , Dubonnet competed in Olympic bobsledding as well as racing cars for Bugatti and Hispano - Suiza . He later spent much of his fortune developing inventions . He successfully sold an automobile suspension system ( " système Dubonnet " ) to General Motors , but nearly went bankrupt late in life while working on solar energy . He also developed several aerodynamic studies and commissioned some special aerodynamic cars to be built for him . Dubonnet became a Chevalier of the Legion d ' Honneur in January 1936 . He returned to service during World War II , serving in GCI / 2 . References . " SPAD XII / XIII aces of World War I . " Jon Guttman . Osprey Publishing , 2002 . ISBN . 1841763160 , 9781841763163 .
Frédéric Rousseau Frédéric Rousseau is a French historian , specializing in the social history of soldiers in World War I . He is notable as one of the first historians to discussion the suppression of sexuality in combatants , and early use of the term and view " demodernization " ( 2000 ) . He teaches at the University of Montpellier , and is a director of Laboratoire CRISES ( or Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires en sciences humaines et sociales ) .
Aires de Saldanha Aires de Saldanha ( Santarém , Portugal 1542 - Terceira , 1605 ) was a Portuguese military and a member of the Forty Conspirators . He was the son of António de Saldanha , military and navigator who discovered the bay of Saldanha . He went to Portuguese India in 1558 , with the viceroy Constantino of Braganza , this time serving for twelve years in the region . Captain and Governor . He returned to Portugal in 1570 , where he married Joana de Albuquerque , soon after he returned to India , this time with the Viceroy Rui Lourenço de Távora . He was appointed captain of Portuguese Malacca , where he built the fort of Tidor . Returning to Portugal , he was appointed governor of Tangier , a position he held for 9 years . Viceroy . In 1600 , he was named 17th Viceroy of India and 34th Governor of India . During his viceroyalty , in addition to financial difficulties , had to struggle against the Dutch on several fronts , defending Cochim and Goa , and repel them in the Moluccas . Death . He died during his return to Portugal , near the island of Terceira , being first buried in Angra do Heroísmo , after his body was moved to Santarém .
Roslyn L . Schulte Roslyn Littman " Roz " Schulte ( March 4 , 1984 – May 20 , 2009 ) was a United States Air Force officer killed in action in the U . S . war in Afghanistan , making her the first female United States Air Force Academy graduate to be killed by enemy action and the second female graduate killed in action . She was posthumously awarded the National Intelligence Medal for Valor and the Hawaii Medal of Honor Early life and education . Born on March 18 , 1984 , in St . Louis , Missouri , Schulte grew up in suburban Ladue , Missouri , and graduated from John Burroughs School in 2002 . She served as an intern to former U . S . Sen . Wayne Allard of Colorado in 2005 . She graduated from the U . S . Air Force Academy and was commissioned in 2006 , part of the first class to have entered the academy after the September 11 attacks . Military service . Schulte was assigned to the Pacific Air Force 613th Air Squadron and Joint Space Operations Center at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii , and was sent on deployment as an intelligence , surveillance and reconnaissance operations officer . Three months after she arrived in Afghanistan , she was killed by a roadside bomb near Kabul . National Intelligence Medal for Valor citation . Schulte was posthumously awarded the National Intelligence Medal for Valor on January 25 , 2010 , the first named female recipient . Her citation noted “ her courageous efforts to teach Afghan military officials how to gather and interpret military intelligence " and said , " She died in Afghanistan en route to a Bagram Airfield meeting on the very issue that powers the IC : sharing intelligence . ” Legacy . Two buildings near Kabul were renamed in Schulte ' s honor : At Camp Eggers , one of the buildings was designated " Roz ' s House " ; at Sia Sang , a building was named " Schulte ' s Place . " In 2010 , the Air Force Academy created the Lt . Roslyn Schulte Cadet Award to recognize a cadet who " embodies the same impeccable character , unwavering leadership , and spirit of service that distinguished Lieutenant Schulte . " In 2011 , Goodfellow Air Force Base dedicated a training facility building in Schulte ' s honor .
1st SS - Standarte The 1st SS - Standarte was a regimental command of the Allgemeine - SS and one of the most important units in the General - SS order of battle . The unit was formed on 1 August 1928 as the Schutzstaffel ( SS ) reorganized from previous units , known as " SS - Gaus " . Based in Munich , the 1st SS Standarte was charged with protection of top Nazi Party leaders , including Adolf Hitler . Its first commander was Josef " Sepp " Dietrich . For most of its existence , the command was known by the honor title " Julius Schreck " . By 1929 , Hitler had formed a personal bodyguard unit known as the " Stabswache " , which would eventually become the nucleus of the future 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler . At this stage , the " Stabswache " and the 1st SS Standarte were practically one and the same . By 1930 , however , Dietrich began to be seen strictly as the commander of the Stabswache , with the day - to - day running of the 1st Standarte handled by SS - Standartenführer ( later Oberführer ) Heinrich Höflich . When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 , Dietrich traveled with the Führer to Berlin to set up a new SS - Guard for the German leader . It is at this point that the duties of the 1st SS Standarte as Hitler ' s personal guard effectively came to an end . Dietrich went on to form the " SS - Stabswache Berlin " that later became known as the " SS - Sonderkommando Berlin " . In November 1933 , the " Sonderkommando " received the title " Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler " ( LAH ) . Finally , Himmler modified that title to " Leibstandarte - SS Adolf Hitler " ( LSSAH ) on 13 April 1934 . In the summer of 1933 , leadership of what remained of 1st Standarte in Munich was taken over by SS - Standartenführer Emil Wäckerle . After the Night of the Long Knives in 1934 , by which time the SS had solidified itself from headquarters offices in Berlin , the 1st SS Standarte lost most of its operational importance and became a ceremonial unit attached to the Munich Nazi Party headquarters , known as the " Brown House " . The next commander of the 1st SS - Standarte , after the Night of the Long Knives , was Julian Scherner , later known as the SS and Police Leader of Krakau , who was immortalized in the Steven Spielberg film " Schindler ' s List " . After Scherner ' s tour as the Standarte commander , leadership passed through two more leaders , until eventually command was assumed by SS - Standartenführer Erich Buchmann , who held the command until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945 .
HMS Trenchant ( S91 ) HMS " Trenchant " is a nuclear - powered fleet submarine of the Royal Navy built by Vickers Shipbuilding , Barrow - in - Furness . " Trenchant " is in service and is based at HMNB Devonport . She is the third vessel and the second submarine of the Royal Navy to be named for the characteristic of vigour and incisiveness . The submarine was ordered on 22 March 1983 . She was laid down by Vickers Shipbuilding on 28 October 1985 , and was launched on 3 November 1986 in the presence of Vice Admiral Sir Arthur Hezlet , who had commanded the World War II T - class submarine " Trenchant " . She was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 14 January 1989 . " Trenchant " is scheduled to be decommissioned in 2017 . Operational history . 1990 - 1999 . On 22 November 1990 , the nets of the fishing vessel " Antares " were snagged by " Trenchant " in the Bute Sound in Scotland . At the time the submarine was conducting a ' Perisher ' Submarine Command Course exercise in company with the frigate HMS " Charybdis " . " Antares " was pulled under with the loss of all four members of the crew . In July 1997 , the submarine ran aground off the western coast of Australia . While approaching Fremantle , Western Australia , the submarine remained at a depth of and grounded when she made contact with the continental shelf , coming to rest on a sloping patch of seafloor . " Trenchant " was able to free herself , and an inspection by divers reported no significant damage . " Trenchant " tested the non - hull - penetrating optronic mast in 1998 . She also trialled a camouflage paint scheme comprising jagged shapes of various colours , including pale blue . 2000 - present day . On 21 June 2007 , the submarine became the first Royal Navy vessel to fire the new Block IV Tomahawk cruise missile in a live - firing trial in the Gulf of Mexico off the United States coast . In late 2009 , " Trenchant " entered the Devonport submarine refit complex to undertake a 2 - year refit and upgrade programme . Upon completion of the programme , the submarine underwent a rededication service on 6 June 2011 to welcome the boat back to active service . On 22 May 2013 , HMS Trenchant completed the longest patrol ever carried out by a Royal Navy SSN . The patrol lasted 335 days ( 11 months ) during which the submarine sailed 38 , 800nm . During this time the vessel has visited six different ports : Fujairah , UAE ; the British Indian Ocean Territory – Diego Garcia ; the Kingdom of Bahrain ; Aqaba , Jordan ; Souda Bay , Crete ; and Gibraltar . Affiliations . " Trenchant " is affiliated with the following military and civilian organisations , bodies & individuals :
George Smith ( chaplain ) Reverend George Smith ( 8 January 1845 – 26 / 27 November 1918 ) , Army Chaplain , was a defender of Rorke ' s Drift during the Zulu War of 1879 , an action which saw the winning of eleven Victoria Cross es . Born in Docking in Norfolk in 1845 , ' Padre ' George Smith served as a missionary in South Africa from 1870 . However , he is best remembered for his part in the famous defence of Rorke ' s Drift during the Zulu War of 1877 – 79 which won him the praise of several officers involved in that action in their reports . As an assistant army chaplain , and therefore a non - combatant , Smith played a supportive role in the defence , where he distributed ammunition to the soldiers of the 24th Regiment of Foot ( 2nd Warwickshires ) who were manning the barricades . Smith was not portrayed in the 1964 film " Zulu " by which most people know of the battle . After the Zulu War he was often referred to as " Ammunition Smith " . As an assistant army chaplain , and therefore technically a civilian , Smith was not entitled to receive a campaign medal or other award for his part in the defence . Instead he was offered , and accepted , a position as a regular army chaplain . After South Africa he served as Chaplain in several other wars including the Battle of Tel el - Kebir in Egypt , the war against the Dervishes in the Sudan and during the Nile expedition in Egypt . Padre Smith also served in many posts in the UK , and on his retirement he resided in the Sumner ' s Hotel in Preston , where he died on 26 / 27th . November 1918 from bronchial trouble which had afflicted him for six months . After a small military ceremony , he was buried in the Church of England plot in New Hall Lane cemetery in Preston , Lancashire . Canon William Lummis ' s 1978 book " Padre George Smith of Rorke ' s Drift " is a detailed account into the life of Smith and his part in the action at Rorke ' s Drift on 22 – 23 January 1879 . In Alphonse de Neuville ' s famous 1880 painting " The Defence of Rorke ' s Drift " Padre Smith is depicted to the right of centre ( recognisable in his blue tunic and red beard ) distributing ammunition to the defenders . George Smith is also honoured at The Museum of Army Chaplaincy .
371st Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 371st Infantry Regiment . was an African American regiment , nominally a part of the 93rd Infantry Division ( Colored ) , that served with the French Army in World War I . This was seconded to the 157th Infantry Division of the French Army , called the " Red Hand Division " , in need of reinforcement under the command of the General Mariano Goybet awarded by the Distinguished Service Medal ( United States ) . Corporal Freddie Stowers of the regiment ' s 1st Battalion was the only African American soldier from World War I awarded the Medal of Honor . On arrival in France , this unit was transferred into the French command , so its decorations are French rather than American . This unit was extremely well decorated , receiving unit and numerous individual citations including Croix de Guerre and Légion d ' honneur . A detailed history of this unit is given in Chester Heywood ' s Negro Combat Troops , published in 1928 and reprinted since .