naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
4th Space Operations Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 4th Space Operations Squadron ( 4 SOPS ) is a satellite operations unit located at Schriever AFB , Colorado . 4 SOPS controls the Milstar communication satellite constellation . Mission . The mission of 4th SOPS is to ensure the Milstar system provides survivable , enduring , critical essential command and control communications through all levels of conflict for the president , the Secretary of Defense , and war fighting combatant commanders worldwide . 4th SOPS operates the $ 31 billion Milstar system executing communications management , satellite command and control , and ground segment maintenance for the Milstar constellation . 4th SOPS ' motto " Linking the Forces " reflects Milstar ' s responsibility to enhance the nation ' s secure communications capability for today ' s military forces . History . Established under the 1st Photographic Group in May 1941 . Performed aerial mapping primarily over the southwestern United States prior to the Pearl Harbor Attack using P - 39 Aircobra sub - variants ( F - 2 ) which were equipped for the ground - attack and reconnaissance roles . After the United States entry into World War II , flew aerial mapping missions over Western Canada and the Alaska Territory , mapping uncharted territory to support the building of the Alaska Highway . Deployed to South America in 1942 – 1943 ; mapping locations in British Guiana and Brazil for locations of emergency airfields as part of the development of the South Atlantic Transport Route . Reassigned to 13th Air Force in late 1944 ; engaged in long - range mapping and reconnaissance over combat areas in support of seaborne landings in the Southwest Pacific Area ( SWPA ) and the liberation of the Philippines . Remained in the Pacific Theater after the Japanese Capitulation performing reconnaissance mapping flights over Japan , Korea and China . Unit largely demobilized on Okinawa . Inactivated in early 1946 . Reactivated in 1947 as part of Strategic Air Command . Mission was to gather intelligence on a global scale . Squadron operated RB - 47H Medium bombers refitted for aerial reconnaissance and mapping mission . Flew day and night strategic reconnaissance missions over a global scale . Inactivated due to budget reductions in 1958 .
Gunroom A gunroom is the junior officer s ' mess on a naval vessel . It was occupied by the officers below the rank of lieutenant , but who are not warrant officer s of the class of the boatswain , gunner or carpenter . In the wooden sailing ships it was on the lower deck , and was originally the quarters of the gunner , but in its form as a mess , guns were not normally found in it . The senior officers ' equivalent is the wardroom . In large ships of war , the gunroom was a compartment originally occupied by the gunner and his mates , but now fitted up for the accommodation of the junior officers ; in smaller vessels , that used as a mess - room by the lieutenants . ' The Gunroom ' , named after this cabin , is also a longstanding online discussion group dedicated to the works of Patrick O ' Brian , who wrote the Aubrey – Maturin series of novels about naval vessels and the characters found aboard them . In an English country house , the Gun Room is a secure walk - in vault in which sporting rifle s , shotgun s , ammunition and other shooting accessories are kept . They are locked away partly for security , partly as some makes such as Holland and Holland or Purdey are highly valuable ( costing as much as £60 , 000 for shotguns and £100 , 000 for rifles and with a 2 - 3 year waiting list from order to delivery ) .
French ship Thérèse ( 1665 ) Thérèse was a 58 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . She was built in Toulon between 1662 and 1665 , and was classed as a " vaisseau de troisième rang " ( ship of the third rank ) . She was part of a French relief effort to Candia during a siege by the Ottomans and was sunk on 24 June 1669 after an explosion in her powder magazine . At the time she was the flagship of a rear - admiral . History . " Thérèse " arrived at Candia on 19 June 1669 in company with 17 transport ships and 6 , 000 French soldiers . The French force was there to support the Venetian forces during the Siege of Candia . Another 24 French warships arrived on 3 July . Six days after their arrival the leader of the French corps , François de Vendôme , Duc de Beaufort , was killed in battle and Philippe de Montaut - Bénac de Navailles took over . On 10 July a council of all the leaders of the allied armies took place and the decision was made to use the fleet to attack the Turks northwest of the city , as this part of the city was totally impoverished . After the bombardment the allied forces aimed to strike and repel the Turks . 24 July was selected as the day of the operation . As planned that day , the whole Navy sailed west of the city to the mouth of the river Giofyros . The fleet comprised 58 warships mounting 1100 cannon . For three hours the fleet continuously bombarded the Turks , when suddenly " Thérèse " s powder magazine caught fire , resulting in the destruction of the ship . Only seven of her crew survived out of 350 . Immediately after this incident there was great confusion in the French naval force and the fleet ' s commander , Vincenzo Rospigliosi , ordered the bombardment to be abandoned , and sailed the fleet to the island of Dia . The accident seriously damaged the citizens ' and sailors ' morale and caused divisions in the military leadership . The leader of the French force , Philippe de Montaut , decided to withdraw from the city , having sustained casualties of over 2 , 000 dead and injured , and suffering a shortage of food and supplies . Captain General Francesco Morosini , tried in vain to change de Montaut ' s mind . Eventually , between 16 and 21 August , the whole French fleet sailed away leaving the allied forces , a total of 3 , 600 men , consisting of Venetians , Italians , English , Scottish , Germans and Greeks , to fight alone against over 60 , 000 Turks . A few days later Morosini was informed that Turkish reinforcements had arrived in Crete , and decided to surrender the city . He signed the capitulation on 6 September and the city was handed over to the Turks . The shipwreck . Manolis Voutsalas , a Greek diver , discovered the wreck of " Thérèse " , but initially was unsure of her identity . In 1976 Jacques Cousteau visited Crete and Voutsalas showed him the site of the shipwreck , west of the port of Heraklion . Cousteau , after several dives , identified it as the shipwreck of " Thérèse " .
104th Regiment Royal Artillery ( Volunteers ) 104th Regiment Royal Artillery ( Volunteers ) is a regiment of the British Territorial Army formed on 1 April 1967 . It is a Tactical Unmanned Air Vehicle ( TUAV ) Support Regiment . The regiment comes under the operational command of 1 Artillery Brigade . The Regiment comes under the administrative control of 160 ( Wales ) Brigade . Equipment : The Regiment is equipped with the Desert Hawk III Mini Unmanned Air System . Operations : The Regiment has provided support to operations in Iraq , Afghanistan and Cyprus ( with the United Nations ) . By Army 2020 , 266 ( Gloucestershire Volunteer Artillery ) Battery Royal Artillery from 100 RA will join this regiment . It will be under 1st Intelligence & Surveillance Brigade
Air Forces Panama The Air Forces Panama , formerly 830th Air Division , is an inactive United States Air Force Division . Its last assignment was with Tactical Air Command , assigned to Twelfth Air Force , being stationed at Howard Air Force Base , Panama . It was inactivated on 11 February 1992 . The USAF Southern Airlift Division replaced the USAF Southern Air Command as the Air Force component of the U . S . Armed Forces in the Panama Canal Zone in January 1976 . It assumed responsibility for the air defense of the Panama Canal and for USAF relations , including foreign military sales ( FMS ) and disaster relief assistance , with the Latin American nations . The division supported disaster relief to countries such as Guatemala , Jamaica , Nicaragua , the Dominican Republic , Panama and Colombia . It also assisted Mexico in its purchase of F - 5s and trained Mexican technicians in logistics and maintenance for the new aircraft . History . In 1984 the division , through the FMS program , delivered T - 33 s to Ecuador and A - 37 Bs to the Dominican Republic . The division participated annually in various training exercises , including paratroop drops and close air support for Army troops . It also conducted numerous combined exercises with various Latin American countries . Through the Inter - American Air Forces Academy , it provided technical training and education for airmen and officers from approximately 14 Latin American countries . Inactivated in 1992 when responsibility for AOR was taken over by Twelfth Air Force as Air Forces Southern ( AFSOUTH ) Aircraft . Rotational aircraft : Assigned aircraft Emblem . Azure , issuing from base a demi - globe light blue gridlined argent below four rolled parchments arraswise of the second and of the third surmounted by a lightning bolt bendsinisterwise gules below four mullets of four points palewise one , two , and one or , all within a diminished bordure argent .
Birinci Ferik Birinci Ferik or Ferik - i evvel was a military rank of the Ottoman Army . It is translated as General ( modern Turkish " Orgeneral " ) . The title means " first " Ferik " " and was superior to a " Ferik " and junior only to the " Müşir " ( equivalent to Field Marshal ) . The title of " Birinci Ferik " was abolished with Act No . 2590 of 26 November 1934 on the Abolition of Titles and Appellations such as Efendi , Bey or Pasha .
CCF Maple Leaf Trainer II The Maple Leaf Trainer II was a Canadian biplane trainer designed by Elsie MacGill in 1938 and manufactured by the Canadian Car and Foundry . Although it was intended for use as a basic trainer for the Royal Canadian Air Force , it was rejected and the only two completed airframes were sold to Mexico . Design and development . In 1937 , Canadian Car and Foundry had obtained rights to a training aircraft designed by Leland Stamford Wallace known as the " Wallace Trainer . " The nearly - complete project was a conventional biplane with two open cockpits , powered by a Kinner B - 5 engine . Featuring welded steel - tube fuselage , ailerons and tail with a wing structure utilizing spruce spars and ribs , the entire aircraft was fabric covered , except for aluminium panelled cockpit and engine areas . Canadian Car and Foundry renamed the project the Maple Leaf I . Once the Maple Leaf I was completed , it was tested in 1938 with the Nicaraguan identification GN - 3 , with the anticipation of an order for ten to twelve production models . The preliminary flight test results were not positive and the project was wound up in 1939 , citing unsatisfactory performance . In 1938 , the new Chief Designer Elsie McGill began work on the Maple Leaf II , which , except for the use of the fin and rudder from the earlier aircraft , was a new design . A conventional structure based on welded steel tube fuselage and steel - tube tail , aluminium alloy ribs with wooden wings was employed . Designed around British design requirements for strength , the Maple Leaf II was intended to be fully aerobatic . In order to expedite development and to ensure no interruption in the ongoing Hawker Hurricane production lines , a number of components were " farmed out " to sub - contractors . Operational history . The Maple Leaf II prototype was ready for flight testing in October 1939 ; one of the unusual aspects of the program was that the designer accompanied company Sales Manager O . C . S . Wallace who acted as a test pilot on the first flight , 31 October 1939 . Tests indicated excellent results with stable and docile flight characteristics , however , the RCAF test pilots felt that a basic trainer had to be more challenging . After evaluation by the RCAF and the Department of Transport in 1940 , the Maple Leaf II was exported to Mexico via Port Washington on Long Island , USA . Along with the finished prototype , two semi - complete airframes with blueprints , jigs , tools and all accessories were sold to the Mexican Air Force school ( EMA ) . One of the " kit " aircraft was assembled and flown as the Ares 2 . It differed slightly from the Maple Leaf II in having enlarged vertical tail surfaces and an uncowled engine . In total , 10 examples were built in Mexico during 1940 , and were equipped with the Warner Super Scarab 165 hp engine .
Hans - Georg Schierholz Hans - Georg Schierholz ( 16 August 1921 – 12 February 1986 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
2nd Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment The 2nd Regiment Michigan Volunteer Cavalry was an cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 2nd Michigan Cavalry was organized at Detroit , Michigan on October 2 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out of service on August 17 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 4 officers and 70 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 2 officers and 266 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 342 fatalities .
W19 ( nuclear artillery shell ) The W19 , also called Katie , was an American Nuclear artillery shell , derived from the earlier W9 shell . The W19 is fired from a special 11 inch howitzer . It was introduced in 1955 and retired in 1963 . The W19 was 11 inches in diameter , 54 inches long , and weighed 600 pounds . It had a yield of 15 - 20 kilotons . The W19 , like its predecessor the W9 , is a gun - type nuclear weapon . Variants . W23 . The W19 nuclear system was adapted into a nuclear artillery shell for the US Navy 16 inch ( 406 mm ) battleship guns , the W23 . Production of the W23 began in 1956 and they were in service until 1962 , with a total of 50 units being produced . The W23 was 16 inches ( 406 mm ) diameter and 64 inches long ( 160 cm ) , with a weight given variously as 1 , 500 or 1 , 900 pounds in reference sources . As with the W19 , yield was 15 - 20 kilotons .
Government Flight Representative A Government Flight Representative ( GFR ) is a US Military Officer or similarly qualified US Government Civilian with the responsibility for aircraft operations conducted by commercial contractors using Department of Defense ( DoD ) aircraft . Authority . GFR authority derives from two Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement ( DFARS ) contract clauses known as the " Ground and Flight Risk Clause " and the " Flight Risk Clause " . Any DoD contract involving the production , modification , maintenance , repair , or overhaul of aircraft must contain one of these two clauses which requires the US Government to assign a GFR to oversee the contractor ' s operations . These two clauses serve to both indemnify the contractor ( reducing program expenses ) and also to help protect the assets . Qualifications . A GFR must be a current military aircraft crewmember or be a US Government Civilian with previous military aircraft experience . A week long qualification course ( operated by the Defense Contract Management Agency ) must be completed . Responsibilities . Before commencing any work , the contractor must develop a core set of operating procedures intended to reduce the probability of industrial accidents . These procedures will be reviewed by the GFR to ensure that they will help to reduce risk to the aircraft during the contracted period . The GFR also has sole authority for the final flight release following the contracted work . The procedural standards that must be met by the contractor is contained in a DoD Joint Instruction titled " Contractor ' s Flight and Ground Operations " . Throughout each year , the GFR will conduct periodic assessments of the contractor ' s operations to ensure compliance with the approved procedures .
James J . Raby James Joseph Raby ( September 17 , 1874 , Bay City , Michigan – January 15 , 1934 , Midway , Georgia ) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy . Raby was appointed a midshipman on September 9 , 1891 . Commissioned as an ensign on July 1 , 1895 , he advanced rapidly in rank , becoming commander on July 1 , 1914 , captain on November 23 , 1919 , and rear admiral on November 1 , 1927 . In 1912 , he commanded the battleship with additional duty as Commander of the port of Apra , Guam . During World War I , took out the first merchant convoy under American escort during the war . He received the Navy Cross for convoy escort duty while commanding and later . He held a commission as Air Pilot and often flew his own plane . After various assignments in Washington , D . C . , in 1922 Raby became Commandant of the Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida , until 1926 , and later of the 8th Naval District . In 1931 , he became Commandant of the 6th Naval District with additional duty as Commandant of the Charleston Navy Yard , Charleston , South Carolina . In January 1934 , he was transferred from command of the Sixth Naval District , to San Francisco , where he was scheduled to assume command of the Twelfth Naval District on 1 February . He died near Midway , Georgia , approximately 30 miles south Savannah , in a traffic accident on January 15 , 1934 , when the car in which he was riding turned over in attempting to pass another . He was 59 years old . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Section 6 , Site 9629 . His wife , Jane Callaghan Raby , sustained major injuries but survived , and died in 1957 . She is buried in the same plot as Admiral Raby . Namesakes . In 1943 , the destroyer escort was named in his honor . < BR > His son , John Raby , also became a Rear Admiral , and was awarded the Navy Cross in 1942 for action in the occupation of French Morocco . He is buried in the same plot at Arlington National Cemetery as his father .
VI Corps ( Ottoman Empire ) The VI Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish : " 6 ncı Kolordu " " or " " Altıncı Kolordu " ) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army . It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms . Formation . Order of Battle , 1911 . With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army , to include the creation of corps level headquarters , by 1911 the VI Corps was headquartered in Salonika . The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such : Balkan Wars . Order of Battle , October 19 , 1912 . On October 19 , 1912 , the corps was structured as follows : World War I . Order of Battle , August 1914 , November 1914 . In August 1914 , November 1914 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , Late April 1915 , Late Summer 1915 , January 1916 . In Late April 1915 , Late Summer 1915 , January 1916 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , August 1916 . In August 1916 , the corps was structured as follows : Order of Battle , December 1916 , August 1917 . In December 1916 , August 1917 , the corps was structured as follows :
Frederic Laurence Captain Frederic Hope Laurence was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . Laurence was a flight commander with 70 Squadron when he began his victory list . He was flying a newly arrived Sopwith Camel when he drove down a German two - seater on 28 July 1917 in a victory shared with his flight . Then , he drove down four Albatros D . V s during October ; his last win was shared with Frank Hobson and four other pilots . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 .
Södermanland - class submarine The Swedish Södermanland class of diesel - electric submarine s consist of the HMS " Södermanland " and HMS " Östergötland " . These two submarines were originally launched as " Västergötland " - class submarines in 1987 and 1990 , and have been relaunched as a new class after extensive modernization 2003 and 2004 by Kockums AB . The pressure hull had been cut in two after the sail and a long new section with an air - independent propulsion system was inserted . It contains two Stirling engine s which are coupled to electric generators and heated by burning diesel fuel with liquid oxygen stored in cryogenic tanks . The AIP system can provide electric energy to extend the submarine ' s submerged time from days to weeks . The class is planned to remain in service until 2019 - 20 when it will be replaced by the future A26 submarine . Two submarines of similar modifications , known as the " Archer " class submarine are in service with the Republic of Singapore Navy .
Battle of Peta The Battle of Peta or Battle of Petta was fought between the Greeks ( with Philhellenes ) led by Alexandros Mavrokordatos with Markos Botsaris and the Ottomans led by Omer Vrioni on July 16 , 1822 ( July 4 Julian calendar ) . The conflict occurred on a hillside near the village of Peta in Epirus . Background . After the Souliotes defeated the forces of Khourshid Pasha in May and June 1822 , they joined Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos who landed at Missolonghi with a contingent of Greek regulars . At the same time , however , Khourshid Pasha surrendered command of the Ottoman forces in Epirus to Omer Vrioni . Battle . The Greek forces were encamped at Peta in Arta when a force of 7000 - 8000 Ottoman troops attacked their positions . During the conflict , the Greeks and Philhellenes were betrayed by Gogos Bakolas , an old klepht and captain of the armatoloi . This treachery resulted in their overall defeat . Aftermath . At the end of the conflict , the entire Philhellenes ' Battalion suffered massive casualties . Despite Botsaris ' s brave efforts , he was forced to flee to Mesolonghi with Prince Mavrocordatos .
United States Air Force Fitness Test The United States Air Force Fitness Assessment ( FA ) is designed to test the body composition , muscular strength / endurance , and cardiovascular respiratory fitness of airmen in the United States Air Force . As part of the " Fit to Fight " program , the Air Force adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment in 2004 and replaced the annual ergo - cycle ( stationary bike ) test that the Air Force had used for several years . Results are stored in the Air Force Fitness Management System ( AFFMS ) and accessible via the AF Portal . Test . Some reports state that participation at USAF fitness centers is up 30 percent since the new program was established . In the FA , Airmen are given a score based on performance consisting of four components : waist circumference , situps , pushups , and a 1 . 5 mile run . Airmen can potentially earn a score of 100 ; a passing score is anything over 75 points . Members must complete all components unless medically exempted . If medically exempted from any component , the total score is calculated as follows : " Total Component Points Achieved X 100 divided by total possible points " . Maximum component points are : Airmen who are medically recommended not to run may be cleared to participate in an alternative aerobic fitness assessment . Choice of the alternative test rests with the unit commander , based upon medical guidance . Beginning in late August 2013 , if an Airman fails the abdominal circumference portion of the test , and passes each of the other three components , that Airman will be measured using the Body Mass Index ( BMI ) taping guidance in Department of Defense instructions . If the Airman meets the DoD BMI standard , they pass the test . Ratings . The ratings for the FA are as follows Originally , Airmen who scored below 70 on the FA scored Poor , and those who scored between 70 and 74 . 9 received a Marginal rating , while Airmen who scored above 75 passed . In its current state , a score below 75 is considered Poor , and Airmen are required to re - test within 90 days . Scoring 75 or higher is now considered as meeting standards .