naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 2nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It is also known as the Troy Regiment . Service . The regiment was organized in Troy , New York and was mustered in for a two year enlistment on May 14 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out of service on May 26 , 1863 . Casualties . The regiment suffered 26 deaths from wounds and 22 from other causes , for a total of 48 fatalities .
No . 20 Squadron RAF Regiment No . 20 Squadron RAF Regiment , formed approximately 1985 , disbanded approximately 1995 . Based at RAF Honington , equipped with Rapier Field Standard B1 ( M ) . As part of 6 Wing RAF Regiment , its role was to defend USAF airbases in the UK . A Flight was tasked to provide short range air defence ( SHORAD ) at RAF Alconbury , and B Flight was tasked to defend RAF Bentwaters . In August 1990 , 20 Sqn was released from this role to take part in Operation Granby , deploying first to RAF Akrotiri , and then to Muharraq Airfield , Bahrain . The Squadron was among the first British ground troops in theatre , and returned to the UK in November 1990 . Commanding Officer for this tour was Squadron Leader Bill Lacey .
Forfar and Kincardine Artillery The Forfar and Kincardine Artillery was a British artillery militia regiment of the 19th century . It was based in and named after Forfarshire and Kincardineshire in Scotland . Following the Militia Act of 1797 , the regiment was raised in 1798 as the Forfarshire Militia . Four years later its territorial scope was broadended when it became the Forfarshire and Kincardine Militia and in 1854 it was redesignated the Forfar and Kincardine Artillery . In 1902 it was renamed as the Forfar and Kincardine Royal Garrison Artillery ( Militia ) and it was disbanded in 1909 .
XLVII Panzer Corps ( Germany ) XLVII Panzer Corps ( also : 47th Panzer Corps or XXXXVII . " Panzerkorps " or XXXXVII Panzer Corps ) was a corps of the German Army in World War II that was formerly designated as XLVII Corps . Various formations of the corps fought in the French campaign of 1940 , in the Russian campaign from 1941 to 1944 , and on the Western Front from June 1944 until April 1945 . The first formation of the XLVII Corps was on June 20 , 1940 , during the Campaign in France . This formation was shortly thereafter disbanded on July 1 , 1940 . The corps was formed again as a motorized corps on November 25 , 1940 in Military Region XI . The new corps was initially stationed in Germany as part of Army Group C . In May 1941 , the corps was subordinated to Panzer Group 2 ( later 2nd Panzer Army ) and took part in the invasion of Russia in 1941 . On June 21 , 1942 , the corps was retitled XLVII Panzer Corps . The corps remained on the Russian front until May 1944 , when it was stationed in France . Thereafter , the corps fought on the Western Front . The corps took part in the Mortain offensive , and attacked into the central Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge . Retitled " Armee - Abteilung Lüttwitz " in April 1945 , the corps surrendered with other German troops in the Ruhr Pocket to the U . S . Army .
Big blue blanket The big blue blanket was a system devised by John Thach during World War II for protecting American warships from attack by Japanese kamikaze s . History and tactics . As the American island hopping campaign got closer to Japan , the Japanese military began to employ suicide operations more extensively . As Allied losses mounted , a system for countering incoming suicide aircraft was developed . Thach , serving on Admiral Halsey ' s and Admiral McCain ' s staff as air operations officer , developed a plan that called for the constant presence of the blue - painted Hellcats and Corsairs over the fleet at all hours . He recommended larger combat air patrol s ( CAP ) stationed farther away from the carriers , a line of picket destroyer s and destroyer escort s placed 50 or more miles from the main body of the fleet to provide earlier radar intercepts , and improved coordination between the fighter director officers on board the carriers . Thach also called for dawn to dusk fighter sweeps over Japanese airfields , and the use of delayed action fuse s on bombs dropped on runways to make repairs more difficult , The system left the picket ships extremely vulnerable to kamikaze attacks , but gave more protection to carriers and troopships . The system had an immediate effect . During its use in the liberation of the Philippines , " Despite an unopposed dry landing , ' suicide boats ' and two hundred kamikazes made Mindoro ' s D - plus days as costly as Anzio ' s . Only saturation flights ( called the " Big Blue Blanket " ) over Luzon airfields by Halsey ' s Task Force Thirty - Eight secured Mindoro . "
Over - the - beach capability A primary measure of a nation ' s power projection is its over - the - beach capability . This consists of the number of soldier s , tank s , vehicles , and helicopter s that a nation can stage over an adversary ' s defended coast in a time of war . Generally , these elements only count if they can be projected across hundreds of miles of open ocean . Over - the - beach capability determines a nation ' s power projection together with forward airpower ( strength of aircraft carrier s and / or overseas airbases ) , alliances , and nuclear options . Leading Nations of the World . India 3 , 370 men ( from 14 ships ) ; 65 tanks ; 30 Harrier jets ; 10 helicopters Australia 1 , 760 men ( from 9 ships ) ; 36 Leopard tanks ; 8 helicopters EU total 13 , 384 men ( from 18 ships ) ; 234 tanks ; 40 Rafale jets ; 72 Harrier jets ; 92 helicopters ; 42 Tiger helicopters France 4 , 450 men ; 70 Leclerc tanks ; 88 light tanks ; 40 Rafale jets ; 42 Tiger helicopters UK 3 , 034 men ; 108 Challenger tanks ; 44 Harrier jets Spain 3 , 000 men ; 36 Leopard 2 tanks ; 12 Harrier jets ; 42 helicopters Netherlands 1 , 400 men ; 20 Leopard 2 tanks ; 30 helicopters Italy 1 , 500 men ; 16 Harrier jets ; 20 helicopters
Albatros C . XII The Albatros C . XII was a German military reconnaissance aircraft which saw service during World War I . It differed markedly from previous Albatros C - type aircraft by adopting an elliptical - section fuselage similar to that of the Albatros D . V . The C . XII also featured a tailplane of reduced area , but it retained the wings of the earlier Albatros C . X . Despite the aerodynamic advantages , no significant increase in performance was achieved over the C . X . Examples remained in service until the end of the War .
HMS Chub ( 1807 ) HMS " Chub " ( or " Chubb " ) was a Royal Navy " Ballahoo " - class schooner of four 12 - pounder carronade s and a crew of 20 . The prime contractor for the vessel was Goodrich & Co . , in Bermuda , and she was launched in 1807 . She and her crew were lost when she was wrecked in August 1812 . Service . " Chub " was commissioned in March 1807 under Lieutenant Wentworth Croke . " Chub " may have assisted at the invasion of Martinique between January and February 1809 . If so , she does not appear among the vessels whose crews qualified for the Naval General Service Medal when the Admiralty awarded it in 1847 . Lieutenant William Innes replaced Croke in June 1809 , and was in turn replaced by Lieutenant Samuel Nisbett in 1812 . " Chub " captured several vessels in 1812 while on the Halifax station . On 18 July she captured the privateer " Eliza " and on 6 August the merchantman " Grace " . Fate . " Chub " was driven ashore and lost with all hands on 14 August on the " Sisters " ( Black Rocks ) within two miles of the Sambro Island Light near Halifax , Nova Scotia . All on board perished . She was stationed with the blockade of the American fleet at the time of sinking .
George Parks ( Medal of Honor ) George Parks ( born 1823 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay . Born in 1823 in Schenectady , New York , Parks was still living in that state when he joined the Navy . He served during the Civil War as a captain of the forecastle on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5 , 1864 , he " performed his duties with skill and courage " despite heavy fire . For this action , he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later , on December 31 , 1864 . Parks ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : On board the U . S . S . " Richmond " during action against rebel forts and gunboats and with the ram " Tennessee " in Mobile Bay , 5 August 1864 . Despite damage to his ship and the loss of several men on board as enemy fire raked her decks , Parks performed his duties with skill and courage throughout a furious 2 - hour battle which resulted in the surrender of the rebel ram " Tennessee " and in the damaging and destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan .
USS Montcalm ( AT - 39 ) USS " Montcalm " ( AT - 39 ) was a of the United States Navy . The ship was laid down by the Staten Island Shipbuilding Company of Port Richmond , New York , on 16 June 1919 ; launched on 26 February 1920 ; and commissioned at New York Navy Yard on 19 January 1921 , Lieut . Carl I . Ostrom in command . Service history . 1921 – 1932 . Assigned to the Navy Yard , Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , " Montcalm " departed New York on 2 March 1921 , steaming via Norfolk , and arriving at Guantanamo on the 14th . The tug operated out of the Cuban base through 1923 , making periodic voyages to Key West , Norfolk and ports in the Bahamas until sailing for Charleston , South Carolina , on 24 April 1923 . Arriving on 1 May , " Montcalm " was repaired and served locally and at Philadelphia before returning to Guantanamo Bay on 19 June 1924 . Annual voyages to Charleston for repairs and service missions to New York in late 1929 and 1931 alternated with active service in the Caribbean . " Montcalm " arrived at Philadelphia on 25 May 1932 and decommissioned there on 30 June . 1935 – 1946 . Recommissioned on 13 August 1935 , she left Philadelphia on 14 September for her new base , Port Pensacola , Florida . She operated on numerous voyages along the Gulf and east coasts , as far west as Galveston , Texas , and as far north as Norfolk . While stationed at Pensacola , the ship acted as plane guard for seaplane training , salvage ship , and naval aviation cadet training ship , in addition to performing her regular towing duties . On 10 July 1939 , the tugboat was reassigned to the Guantanamo Naval Station and for the remainder of her active career operated out of the Cuban base towing targets , and on salvage and towing missions throughout the Caribbean and to ports in the Southern United States . During World War II she continued her vital services in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean . She was reclassified ATO ‑ 39 on 15 May 1944 . Following the end of the war , the tug decommissioned at Charleston Navy Yard on 24 May 1946 , was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 13 June 1946 , and was sold to J . C . Berkwit & Co . , New York City , on 12 February 1947 .
Convoy OG 82 OG 82 was an Allied convoy of the OG ( Outward to Gibraltar ) series during World War II . The action involving this convoy resulted in the destruction of a U - boat , and also had consequences for German U - boat strategy . Forces involved . OG 82 comprised 17 ships outward bound to Gibraltar , carrying war materials and trade goods . The convoy commodore was Captain AJ Baxter in " Baron Yarborough " , and the convoy was protected by an understrength escort group . This was 36th Escort Group , consisting of the sloop " Stork " and the corvettes " Convolvulus " , " Penstemon " and " Vetch " , joined later by " Gardenia " and led by Cdr FJ " Johnnie " Walker . These were accompanied by two CAM ship s , " Empire Eve " and " Empire Heath " , and the rescue ship " Toward " . Action . OG 82 left Liverpool on 8 April 1942 . On 14 April 1942 OG 82 was at the western edge of the Bay of Biscay when it was encountered by " U - 252 " , inbound to France after completing her first war patrol . Her skipper , KL Kai Lerchner , sent a sighting report stating that the convoy was lightly escorted and that he was starting to shadow . His radio signal was picked up and DFed by Royal Navy land stations and reported to Walker . He quickly dispatched his four corvettes to search for the U - boat , which was picked up on radar by " Vetch " . As " Vetch " closed to attack , " U - 252 " crash - dived and launched two torpedoes which narrowly missed the corvette . Arriving in " Stork " , Walker then sent the others corvettes back to the convoy and commenced a hunt with " Vetch " Together they made several attacks , dropping 45 depth charge s in total , and " U - 252 " was destroyed . No further attacks took place and OG 82 arrived at Gibraltar on 20 April without loss . Aftermath . This small action resulted in the destruction of one U - boat , but had far - reaching consequences . " U - 252 ’ s " disappearance , after reporting an encounter with a lightly escorted convoy , was similar to the disappearance six weeks previously of " U - 82 " in the same area . From this BdU concluded ( erroneously ) that the Allies were running a decoy operation , sending heavily armed anti - submarine vessels disguised as a weak convoy to act as a U - boat trap . He therefore instructed his U - boat force to avoid attacking convoys in the Biscay area , an unexpected benefit to the Allies from this brief action .
OKB - 1 EF 140 The OKB - 1 EF 140 a prototype aircraft was developed in the Soviet Union by German engineers who had been captured at the end of the Second World War . They belonged to the German company Junkers and the Nazis had built a jet prototype Junkers Ju 287 which served as a model . Significant changes were however made by the engineer Brunolf Baade . The aircraft was developed by the company Space Corporation Energia ( OKB ) . It was originally designed as bomber . Then as reconnaissance aircraft . One EF 140 was built . He began flight tests on 15 March 1949 with reactors Rolls - Royce Nene , because Mikulin reactors originally planned were not yet developed . The project was abandoned before the completion of the second prototype due to advances made by traditional jet aircraft at the time . Specifications . General characteristics Performance Armament
Italian cruiser Alberico da Barbiano Alberico da Barbiano was an Italian " Condottieri " class light cruiser , that served in the Regia Marina during World War II . She was named after Alberico da Barbiano , an Italian condottiero of the 14th century . Launch and Sea Trials . " Da Barbiano " was launched on 23 August 1930 . During her trials she managed to reach a speed of , but to do that the propulsion was pushed to 123 , 479 hp , far beyond the safety limits . She could only maintain this speed for about 30 minutes . Service history . On July 9 , 1940 she was present at the Battle of Calabria ( Punto Stilo ) . Because of the weakness of the class on September 1 she was assigned as a training ship but on March 1 , 1941 was placed in active service . On 12 December 1941 she left port together with her sister ship Alberto di Giussano . Both she and her sister were being used for an emergency convoy to carry gasoline for the German and Italian mobile formations fighting with Rommel ' s Afrika Korps . Jerry cans and other metal containers filled with gasoline were loaded onto both cruisers and were placed on the ships ' open decks . The thinking behind using these two cruisers for such a dangerous mission was that their speed would act as a protection . Nonetheless , the ships were intercepted by Allied destroyers guided by radar and sunk on 13 December 1941 , in the Battle of Cape Bon .
USS Monadnock ( ACM - 14 ) " Monadnock " ( ACM - 14 ) was originally built as an M1 mine planter for the U . S . Army Coast Artillery Corps , Mine Planter Service as USAMP " Major Samuel Ringgold " ( MP 11 ) by the Marietta Manufacturing Co . , Point Pleasant , WV and delivered to the Army December 1942 . The ship was named for Samuel Ringgold ( 1796 – 1846 ) , an officer noted as the " Father of Modern Artillery " that fell in the Mexican - American War . The mine planter was transferred to the U . S . Navy in March 1951 to become an Auxiliary Minelayer ( ACM / MMA ) under naval designation . She was then berthed at Boston as a unit of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet . While in the Reserve Fleet , she was redesignated MMA - 14 , 7 February 1955 , and named " Monadnock " , 1 May 1955 ; the second ACM to bear this name . The ship was never commissioned and thus never bore the " USS " prefix . " Monadnock " was struck from the Navy list on 1 July 1960 and sold to commercial interests . In commercial service the ship was named " Thiti " , " Amazonia " and eventually " Dear " operating into the 1980s under Italian registry . References .
30th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 30th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 30th Iowa Infantry was organized at Keokuk , Iowa and mustered in for three years of Federal service on September 20 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on June 5 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1132 men served in the 30th Iowa at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 8 officers and 65 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 3 officers and 241 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 317 fatalities .
Roderick N . Matheson Roderick Nicol Matheson ( May 28 , 1824 – September 14 , 1862 ) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Matheson was born in Inverness , Scotland , and emigrated to New York City with his parents at the age of 15 . During the California Gold Rush he moved to San Francisco . In 1856 he moved to Healdsburg , California , becoming a prominent city benefactor and wealthy landowner . He traveled to Washington , D . C . , for Abraham Lincoln ' s inauguration in 1861 , intending to stay only a few weeks , but found himself swept up in the fever of approaching war . Matheson was the colonel and commander of the 32nd Regiment of New York Volunteers , which he founded in June 1861 and which he referred to as the 1st California Regiment . He fought in the First Battle of Bull Run , the Peninsula Campaign , and the Seven Days Battles . He was mortally wounded at Crampton ' s Gap during the Battle of South Mountain . Matheson is buried in Oak Mound Cemetery in Healdsburg . A major street in the town is named for him .
Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo The Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo include an Army , the Congolese Air Force , and a Navy ( est . 800 ) . Paramilitary organisations include 2 , 000 Gendarmerie in 20 companies , and a Presidential Guard , possibly organised into a battalion . ( IISS 2007 , p . 269 ) On 5 February 2012 , there were munitions explosions at a tank regiment ( seemingly ' Regiment Blinde ' ) barracks located in Brazzaville ' s fifth arrondissement , Ouenze . Some 206 people were initially reported killed . There are five military barracks in the city , and after the explosion officials said the government had promised to move all munitions out of the capital . Equipment . Tanks . Tanks are mostly older examples from the USSR . Aircraft Inventory . The Congo ' s 10 military aircraft , including 3 helicopters , are operated by the Air Force .
Kosmos 2482 Kosmos 2482 ( meaning " Cosmos 2482 " ) is a Russia n military store - dump communications satellite launched in 2013 , together with Kosmos 2483 and Kosmos 2484 . This satellite is a Strela - 3M / Rodnik satellite , a modification of the civilian Gonets satellites . Kosmos 2482 was launched from site 133 / 3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia . A rokot carrier rocket with a Briz - KM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 16 : 24 UTC on 15 January 2013 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into low earth orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2013 - 001A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 39057 . The launch was postponed from 8 December 2012 and was the first launch of a Rokot since the 28 July 2012 launch of Kosmos 2481 , another Rodnik .
Hermann - Ernst Bolm Hermann - Ernst Bolm ( 28 February 1919 – 20 October 1944 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hermann - Ernst Bolm died on 20 October 1944 in Ebenrode , East Prussia .
USS Dawn ( SP - 37 ) " Note : This ship should not be confused with USS " Dawn " ( SP - 26 ) , which was in commission during the same era . " USS " Dawn " ( SP - 37 ) was the proposed designation for a patrol boat that never actually served in the United States Navy . " Dawn " was a private yawl built in 1916 by the F . C . Adams Shipbuilding Company at Booth Bay , Maine . On 14 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy ordered her owner , Franklin Farrel Jr . of New Haven , Connecticut , to deliver her to the Navy for service as a patrol boat in World War I , and she was registered accordingly with the naval section patrol designation SP - 37 . However , the Navy cancelled its lease for her in June 1917 and returned her to Farrel in December 1917 without commissioning her .
South African Naval Museum The South African Naval Museum at the South African Navy ' s base in Simon ' s Town is a project by the South African Naval Heritage Trust . The SA Navy Museum is housed in and around the original Dockyard Magazine / Storehouse and is staffed by Naval Personnel and civilian volunteers . There is no admission fee . A major exhibit of the museum ' s is the SAS " Assegaai " , a " Daphné " class submarine . It is the first and thus far only former SA Navy vessel to have been converted into a museum ship . It is open to the public for guided tours by former submariners . The submarine is currently afloat in the Navy base , but there are plans to bring her ashore .