naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Lennox Dawson Colonel James Lennox Dawson VC ( 25 December 1891 – 15 February 1967 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Dawson enlisted into the 5th Cameronians in November 1914 , but transferred to the Royal Engineers in March 1915 . VC action . He was 23 years old , and a corporal in the 187th Company , Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 13 October 1915 at Hohenzollern Redoubt , France , during a gas attack , when the trenches were full of men , Corporal Dawson exposed himself fearlessly to the enemy ' s fire in order to give directions to his sappers and to clear the infantry out of sections of the trench which were full of gas . Finding three leaking cylinders , he rolled them well away from the trench , again under heavy fire , and then fired rifle bullets into them to let the gas escape . His gallantry undoubtedly saved many men from being gassed . Later career . He was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in December 1916 and demobilised as a Major in 1919 . After graduating from Glasgow University he was commissioned in the Army Education Corps in 1920 , but transferred to the Indian Army Ordnance Corps in 1931 . He later achieved the rank of colonel . By co - incidence his second cousin ( their fathers were first cousins ) James Dalgleish Pollock was also awarded the Victoria Cross in the same battle at the Hohenzolleren Redoubt . He too saved his colleagues from certain death by climbing out of the trench and bombing German infiltrators out of the British lines . Both boys were born in the small Scottish town of Tillicoultry , though James Dawson ' s family moved to the county town of Alloa when he was eight . Both were considered local heroes in 1915 and were feted in Alloa and Tillicoultry in separate civic receptions , allied to recruitment drives . His VC is held by the University of Glasgow where he earnt his BSc and displayed is at the Hunterian Museum .
Scout ( aircraft ) The term scout , as a description of a class of military aircraft , came into use shortly before the First World War , and initially referred to a fast , light ( usually single - seat ) unarmed reconnaissance aircraft . " Scout " types were generally adaptations of pre - war racing aircraft – although at least one ( the Royal Aircraft Factory S . E . 2 ) was specifically designed for the role . At this stage the possibility of air - to - air combat was considered highly speculative , and the speed of these aircraft relative to their contemporaries was seen as an advantage in gaining immunity from ground fire and in the ability to deliver timely reconnaissance reports . Almost from the beginning of the war , various experiments were carried out in the fitting of armament to scouts to enable them to engage in air - to - air combat – by early 1916 several types of scout could fire a machine gun forwards , in the line of flight , thus becoming the first effective single - seat fighters – in effect , an entirely new class of aircraft . In French and German usage these types were termed " hunters " , but in the Royal Flying Corps and early Royal Air Force parlance " scout " remained the usual term for a single seat fighter into the early 1920s . The term " fighter " , or " fighting aircraft " was already current , but in this period referred specifically to a two - seater fighter such as the Sopwith 1½ Strutter or the Bristol Fighter . This usage " scout " ( or sometimes " fighting scout " ) for " single - seat fighter " can be found in many contemporary accounts , including fictional depictions of First World War air combat such as the Biggles books . These often refer to French or German " scouts " as well as British ones . The usage also survives in some much later non - fictional writing on First World War aviation .
1st Australian Logistics Support Group The 1st Australian Logistic Support Group ( 1 ALSG ) was a ground support unit of the Australian Army during the Vietnam War located at Vũng Tàu . 1 ALSG commanded logistic support units to all Australian forces in South Vietnam and was composed of engineer , transport , ordnance , medical and service corps units . The unit was initially formed in 1965 as the " Australian Logistic Support Company " to support the 1st Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment , and was redesignated as 1 ALSG in April 1966 following the deployment of the 1st Australian Task Force as the Australian commitment in Vietnam expanded .
Manchester Blitz The Manchester Blitz ( also known as the Christmas Blitz ) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the Nazi German Luftwaffe . Manchester was an important inland port and industrial city during the war , and Trafford Park in neighbouring Stretford was a major centre of war production . Raids on Manchester . Air raids began in August 1940 , and in September 1940 the Palace Theatre on Oxford Street was bombed . The heaviest raids occurred on the nights of 22 / 23 and 23 / 24 December 1940 , killing an estimated 684 people and injuring 2 , 364 . Manchester Cathedral , the Royal Exchange and the Free Trade Hall were among the large buildings damaged . On the night of 22 / 23 December , 270 aircraft dropped 272 tons of high explosive and 1 , 032 incendiary bombs ; on the second night , 171 aircraft dropped another 195 tons of high explosive and 893 incendiaries . Nazi propaganda claimed that the entire city had been burned to the ground . Salford and Stretford . Neighbouring Salford and Stretford were also badly damaged by the bombing . It is estimated that more than 215 people were killed and 910 injured in Salford , and more than 8 , 000 homes were damaged or destroyed . Seventy - three were killed in Stretford , and many more were injured . The following month Old Trafford was hit during an air raid that lasted 3 hours . In June 1941 German bombs damaged the original Salford Royal Hospital on Chapel Street , killing 14 nurses . Further raids . On 11 March 1941 Old Trafford football stadium , the home of Manchester United F . C . , was hit by a bomb aimed at the industrial complex of Trafford Park , wrecking the pitch and demolishing the stands . The stadium was rebuilt after the war and reopened in 1949 , until which time United played at Manchester City ' s Maine Road . In June 1941 German bombs damaged the police headquarters . Manchester continued to be bombed by the Luftwaffe throughout the war , and was in some danger of being hit by V - 1 flying bomb s . On Christmas Eve 1944 the Germans launched flying bombs at Manchester . The attack failed but 27 people in neighbouring Oldham were killed by a stray bomb . The city was beyond the range of the V - 2 rocket s .
Piltown Cross ambush The Piltown Cross ambush , an action of the Irish War of Independence , took place near Kinsalebeg County Waterford on the night of 1 November 1920 . Involved was the IRA West Waterford Brigade , specifically the newly formed Deise Flying Column under O / C George Lennon of Dungarvan , as well as Volunteers from the local Ardmore battalion . Returned Great War veteran John Riordan helped plan the engagement involving a feint attack on the RIC barracks in Ardmore . The British garrison in Youghal subsequently despatched nearly twenty troops in a single lorry . They were ambushed at Kinsalebeg and suffered two dead and six wounded . The ambush resulted in the capture of several rifles and a large quantity of ammunition which were used to equip the flying column . Captured were R . I . C . constables O ' Neill and Prendiville who gave their word that they would resign . Prendiville was subsequently killed , fired from a shot from the Waterford side of the Youghal Bridge . Sources . Gunfire and Civil War Sean and Sile Murphy Clonmel 2005 Rebel Heart : George Lennon : Flying Column Commander Mercier 2009 , ISBN 1 - 85635 - 649 - 3
Battle of Erbach The Battle of Erbach was a battle of the French Revolutionary Wars fought on May 15 , 1800 . The forces of the French Consulate , led by Sainte - Suzanne . The Austrian forces were led by Baron Pál Kray . The French had 15 , 000 soldiers , while the Austrians had 36 , 000 soldiers , including 12 , 000 cavalry . The Austrians attacked vigorously but could not rout the French forces . The French hold to their main positions for 12 hours , until the approach of St Cyr ' s corps forced the Austrians to retire . Both sides suffered heavy casualties .
Shavit 2 Shavit 2 ( Hebrew : " comet " - 2 שביט ) was the first sounding rocket which Israel launched on 5 July 1961 for meteorological research . Full details of the rocket are still classified . It was a two stages Solid - fuel rocket , built by RAFAEL Armament Development Authority . The weight of Shavit 2 was 250 kilogram and its height was 3 . 76 meters . The rocket achieved top height of 80 kilometers . The first two stages of the Shavit rocket are similar to those of the Jericho - II Nuclear missile . The third stage is custom designed for orbital insertion . The above in English :
Arthur R . Wilson Arthur R . Wilson was a general in the United States Army during World War II . He was a recipient of the Army Distinguished Service Medal . He wrote an account of U . S . Army operations in North Africa titled " Report of Operations in North Africa " . Later , he also served in the Pacific Theater , as quartermaster , working to " infuse vigor into all supply activities in Australia " . In July 1944 Wilson was based in Naples , commanding Coastal Base Section , which accompanied the Seventh Army on 15 August 1944 during Operation Dragoon , the Allied invasion of Southern France . For the first three weeks Coastal Base Section was largely occupied with the operation of the landing beaches . In 1945 he was conferred the Freedom of the City of Dijon .
Battle of La Victoria ( 1812 ) The Battle of La Victoria occurred on 20 and 29 June 1812 , in La Victoria , Venezuela . Both Spanish assaults on the city by captain Domingo de Monteverde against the forces of Francisco de Miranda were repulsed by the Venezuelan forces entrenched in the city and Monterverde fell back to San Mateo . Developments in Puerto Cabello , where the Spanish prisoners of war held there took control of the castle and a slave rebellion near Caracas convinced Miranda that it would do more harm than good continue the resistance . Miranda entered negotiations with Monteverde and a ceasefire was signed , which Monteverde did not honour several days later , arresting many patriots who had been granted amnesty
Samuel G . Hathaway Samuel Gilbert Hathaway ( July 18 , 1780 - May 2 , 1867 ) was a U . S . Representative from New York . Born in Freetown , Massachusetts , Hathaway attended the public schools . He worked at various occupations and made one sea voyage . He moved to Chenango County , New York , in 1803 and two years later to Cincinnatus , Cortland County , and engaged in agricultural pursuits . He was in the Justice of the Peace 1810 - 1858 . He served as member of the State assembly in 1814 and 1818 . He moved to Solon , New York , in 1819 . He served in the State senate in 1823 . Major general in the New York Militia 1823 - 1858 . Hathaway was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty - third Congress ( March 4 , 1833 – March 3 , 1835 ) . He served as presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1852 . He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston , South Carolina , in 1860 . He died in Solon , New York , May 2 , 1867 . He was interred in the family cemetery near Solon . His home at Solon , known as the Hatheway Homestead , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 .
Bishop to the Forces The Anglican church in the British Armed Forces falls under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury , however for all practical purposes the function is performed by the Bishop to the Forces . His full title is " The Archbishop of Canterbury ' s Episcopal Representative to the Armed Forces " . The Bishop to the Forces is not a military chaplain . The current holder of the office is the Rt Revd Stephen Venner . There is sometimes confusion between the ( Anglican ) " Bishop to the Forces " and the ( Roman Catholic ) " Bishop of the Forces " : for this reason the latter is normally given his title in full , i . e . " The Roman Catholic Bishop of the Forces " .
John Norwood Captain John Norwood VC ( 8 September 1876 – 8 September 1914 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Norwood was 23 years old , and a second lieutenant in the 5th Dragoon Guards ( Princess Charlotte of Wales ' s ) , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place at Ladysmith for which he was awarded the VC : He later achieved the rank of captain . Norwood served in the First World War and was killed in action during the First Battle of the Marne at Sablonnieres , France , on 8 September 1914 . A brass memorial to him can be seen in St Michael ' s Church , East Peckham , Kent His VC is on display at the Lod Ashcroft Gallery in the Imperial War Museum , London .
Harold Marshall ( sniper ) Harold A . Marshall ( February 10 , 1918 - January 18 , 2013 ) was a Canadian scout and sniper sergeant who served in the Second World War with the Calgary Highlanders ' Scout and Sniper Platoon . On 30 January 1942 the " Hamilton Spectator " mentioned him in an article about ongoing training simulations the Highlanders were engaged in at an undisclosed location in England . He was wounded on 15 December 1944 . The well - known photograph shown here was taken by Army photographer Ken Bell of the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit near Fort Brasschaat in Belgium in September 1944 . He is carrying a Lee - Enfield No . 4 Mk 1 ( T ) and wears a modified version of the Denison smock . Other equipment includes a No . 36M grenade and a camouflage face veil worn as a head covering . The handle of a Kukri can be seen above his belt at his left side . In 1973 , he was profiled again for Bell ' s commemorative book " Not in Vain " , which showed him as a curling enthusiast back in Calgary .
Marietta Air Force Station Marietta Air Force Station ( ADC ID : M - 111 , NORAD ID : Z - 111 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located northeast of Smyrna , Georgia . It was closed in 1968 . History . The initial site at Dobbins Air Force Base became operational in 1956 when the 908th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron activated an AN / MPS - 11 search radar , later an AN / FPS - 8 and an AN / TPS - 10 . Circa 1958 an AN / FPS - 6 was added , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . In 1961 the unit relocated to a separate site about a mile to the west of Dobbins AFB where the FAA had installed an ARSR - 1A radar in 1959 . The Air Force added two AN / FPS - 6 height - finder radars at the new radar site . During 1962 Marietta AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , feeding data to DC - 09 at Gunter AFB , Alabama . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . After joining , the squadron was re - designated as the 908th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 1 April 1962 . The ARSR - 1A was upgraded to an ARSR - 1E in 1964 . In addition to the main facility , Marietta operated three unmanned AN / FPS - 18 Gap Filler sites : The 908th was inactivated on 8 September 1968 and Marietta Air Force Station closed by ADC at the end of the month due to budget reductions . Today , the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) still operates the ARSR - 1E radar on a small part of the site as a component of the Joint Surveillance System ( JSS ) . Most of the former AFS has been completely obliterated and redeveloped into the Village Hill Shopping Center . External links .
Combat Tactical Vehicle ( Technology Demonstrator ) The Combat Tactical Vehicle ( Technology Demonstrator ) was a testbed vehicle built by the Nevada Automotive Test Center ( NATC ) , for the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle ' s Combat Tactical Vehicle ( CTV ) , under contact for the Office of Naval Research ( ONR ) . The United States Marine Corps tested and evaluated the vehicle at the NATC proving ground in Nevada for cross country mobility . Also included was ballistic testing of several armor solutions . The vehicle demonstrated several new technologies , such as a fully adjustable front and rear suspension , with 21in wheel travel . The chassis and basic armor were made from aluminum by BAE Systems . The aluminum armor offered high level protection , concentrated throughout the lower hull . A B kit armor package , designed by Plasan , could be fit to protect the higher portions of the cabin . The B kit armor used a combination of composites and ceramics attached to sockets embedded in the basic vehicle . Blast deflecting structures and seats were used to protect against mine and blast effects . The engine was a Detroit Diesel / MTU Friedrichshafen 926 turbo - diesel with and torque . There was optional rear wheel steering , along with a central tire inflation system and VFI runflat tire s . It was capable of fording water at depth of 30 " ( 60 " with preparation ) . It featured an electronically controlled braking ( ABS ) system and electronic stability control ( ECS ) . There was 30 kW onboard electrical power and 10 kW mobile power .
Western New Guinea campaign The Western New Guinea campaign was a series of actions in the New Guinea campaign of World War II . United States and Australian forces assaulted Japanese bases and positions in the northwest coastal areas of Netherlands New Guinea and adjoining parts of the Australian Territory of New Guinea . The campaign began with Operations Reckless and Persecution , which were amphibious landing s by the U . S . I Corps at Hollandia and Aitape on April 22 , 1944 . Fighting in western New Guinea continued until the end of the war .
Treaty of Brussol The Treaty of Brussol ( also known as the Treaty of Bruzolo ) was signed on 10 April 1610 in Bruzolo between Charles Emmanuel I , Duke of Savoy , and Henry IV of France , inside the Castle of Bruzolo . Based on the terms of the accord , both signatories agreed to combine their forces in order to remove the Spanish from Italy . The agreement also dictated that the Duke of Mantua exchange the province of Casale Monferrato for the province of Cremona . Also , the territories of Montferrat and Milan would be united under the control of Piedmont . Under the treaty , Victor Emmanuel would be restored to the throne of Lombardy . Also , Henry IV would have his daughter marry Prince Victor Amadeus I of Piedmont and that the King of France , the Republic of Venice , and the Pope guarantee the Duke of Savoy the title of King of Lombardy . However , this accord was never realized since Henry IV was assassinated by Ravaillac in May 1610 . Even though Henry ' s death ended the treaty , Charles Emmanuel seized Montferrat from the Spanish in 1613 , which led to a war that lasted until 1617 .
Fort Stevens ( Oregon ) Fort Stevens was an American military installation that guarded the mouth of the Columbia River in the state of Oregon . Built near the end of the American Civil War , it was named for slain Civil War general and former Washington Territory governor , Isaac Stevens . The fort was an active military reservation from 1863 – 1947 . The fort is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . History . Civil War . Constructed in 1863 - 64 during the Civil War as an earthwork battery , located on the south shore of the mouth of the Columbia River . It was originally called Fort at Point Adams . It was later named Fort Stevens in 1865 , in honor of the former territorial governor of Washington , Isaac I . Stevens who was killed in action during the Civil War . Fort Stevens was the primary military installation in what became the Three Fort Harbor Defense System at the mouth of the Columbia River . The other two forts in the system were Post at Cape Disappointment , later Fort Cape Disappointment and later Fort Canby built at the same time as Fort Stevens and Fort Columbia ( built between 1896 and 1904 ) both on the Washington side of the river . The fort was built to defend the mouth of the Columbia from potential British attack during ongoing regional tensions related to the Pig War of 1859 – 70 in the San Juan Islands , and remained relevant during the 1896 - 1903 Alaska Boundary Dispute when British - American tensions were high and once again on the brink of war . " Peter Iredale " . In 1906 , the crew of the sailing ship " Peter Iredale " sought refuge at the fort after the ship ' s captain ran her aground on Clatsop Spit . The wreck is still visible today within the present - day boundaries of Fort Stevens State Park . World War II . On the nights of June 21 and 22 , 1942 , the Japanese submarine I - 25 fired 17 shells at Fort Stevens , making it the only military installation in the continental United States to receive hostile fire during World War II ( the oil fields in Santa Barbara , California that were also shelled by the Japanese military , was not considered a military installation ) . The attack caused no damage to the fort itself . The backstop for the post ' s baseball field was the only casualty . Fort Stevens and its gun batteries protected the river until shortly after World War II , and was decommissioned in 1947 . All armament was scrapped and buildings went into auction . The grounds were transferred to the custody of the Corps of Engineers for many years until being turned over to the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department . State park . Fort Stevens is preserved within Fort Stevens State Park , part of Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks . The park includes camping , beach access , swimming at Coffenbury Lake , trails , and a military history museum .