naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Carlo Fecia di Cossato Carlo Fecia di Cossato ( 1908 – 1944 ) was a naval ace in the Regia Marina ( Italian Navy ) . He commanded submarines and ships during World War II . He was credited with the confirmed sinking of 16 enemy ships . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded by the Third Reich to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Life before World War II . Fecia di Cossato was born in Rome , Italy , on 25 September 1908 . He graduated from the Naval Academy of Livorno in 1928 and assumed his duties as officer at the Italian naval delegation in China . In the early 1930s , he was an officer on two submarines and his service included their participation in the Spanish Civil War . World War II . At the beginning of the war Fecia di Cossato was the commander of submarine " Ciro Menotti " based in Messina , Italy . Whilst serving on the " Ciro Menotti " , it took part in attacks against Royal Navy ships . In December , he was named as the commander of the submarine " Tazzoli " . This submarine operated in the Atlantic Ocean , sinking 18 ships with a total tonnage of 96 , 553 tons and damaged another ship of 5 , 000 tons . In February 1943 , at the end of the mission near Brazil he was transferred to Italy , where he was named the commander of a squadron of torpedo boats . After the Allies ' Armistice with Italy , he fought with bravery against German shipping near Bastia . Fecia di Cossato was displeased with the events of late 1943 and early 1944 with the result that he committed suicide in Naples on 27 August 1944 . In his last letter to his mother he wrote referring to the armistice with the allied forces and the surrender of " Regia Marina " : " We have been unworthly betrayed and we discovered to have committed an ignominius act without any result " Fecia di Cossato received the highest decoration of the Italian Armed Forces a Gold Medal of Military Valor and two silver medals for military bravery .
HMS Crescent ( 1779 ) HMS " Crescent " was a 28 - gun " Enterprise " - class sixth - rate frigate of the Royal Navy . The " Crescent " was first commissioned in about September 1779 under the command of Captain Charles Hope . Capture . The French captured " Crescent " on 20 June 1781 . She was in company with the frigates and the prize " Castor " and " Flora " , all three weakened by the engagements on 31 May and 19 June . The British vessels encountered two large French frigates off Ushant , and separated , being in no condition to fight again . At 4am the " Gloire " and " Friponne " caught up with " Crescent " and after an exchange of fire , " Crescent " struck . Fate . The French took " Crescent " into service . She was wrecked on the reefs off Petit - Goâve , San Domingo , in January 1786 .
Heinkel He 111 A major German bomber , although slow and weak defensive armament , the He 111 was also employed as destroyer , towing gliders ( He 111Z ) and missile launcher ( V - 1 flying bomb s , among others ) , being produced by the end of the war in several variants = Variants = Details taken from Aeroplane Magazine Database for June 2002 unless otherwise stated Spanish . = Specifications =
Günther Viezenz Günther Viezenz ( 1 February 1921 – 14 January 1999 ) was a highly decorated German " Hauptmann " in the Wehrmacht . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Vienzez was born in Göhlenau ( Golińsk ) , Province of Lower Silesia Viezenz is the record - holder of the Tank Destruction Badge . He single handedly destroyed 21 enemy tanks with hand held explosives such as a panzerfaust , satchel charge or hand grenade . He was awarded four Tank Destruction Badges in Gold and one in Silver . After World War II Viezenz joined the Bundeswehr on April 1 , 1956 and retired as Oberst on March 30 , 1980 . He died in Cologne .
Ernest Ivy Thomas , Jr . Ernest Ivy " Boots " Thomas , Jr . ( March 10 , 1924 – March 3 , 1945 ) was a United States Marine Corps sergeant who was killed in action on March 3 , 1945 during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II . He was one of the Marines who raised the first United States flag and flagstaff on top of Mount Suribachi , on Iwo Jima , on February 23 , 1945 . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism at Mount Suribach on February 21 , 1945 . Early life . Ernest Thomas was born in Tampa , Florida , the son of Ernest and Martha Thomas . When he was a child , his family moved to Monticello , Florida . He graduated from high school in Monticello and was attending Tri - State University in Angola , Indiana , studying aeronautical engineering , when he decided to enlist in the Marine Corps at Orlando , Florida . Being color blind , in order to pass the medical test allowing him to enlist , he memorized the patterns provided by a man sitting next to him in the testing station . World War II . U . S . Marine Corps . Thomas enlisted in the Marine Corps on May 27 , 1942 . He completed " boot " camp at Parris Island , South Carolina and remained there as an instructor . Afterwards he was an instructor at Camp Lejeune , North Carolina . In March 1944 , he was assigned to E Company , 2nd Battalion , 28th Marine Regiment , 5th Marine Division at Camp Pendleton , CA . In September , his company was sent to Camp Tarawa in Hawaii to train with the 5th division for the Battle of Iwo Jima . In January 1945 , the 5th division left for Iwo Jima . Burial on Iwo Jima . Sgt . Thomas was buried on Iwo Jima until 1948 when his body was returned to Monticello . He was buried at Roseland Cemetery in Jefferson County , Florida . Honors . A monument on U . S . Highway 90 , Monticello , Florida honors Plt Sgt Thomas . It is inscribed with the following words : Portrayal in film . In the 2006 film " Flags of Our Fathers " , Thomas was played by American actor Brian Kimmet .
USS Elk ( 1863 ) USS " Elk " ( 1863 ) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a convoy and patrol vessel on Confederate waterways . Acquisition and name change to Elk . " Elk " , a side wheel steamer , was purchased by Admiral David Dixon Porter 8 December 1863 as " Countess " . She was renamed " Elk " 26 January 1864 , and commissioned 6 May 1864 , Lieutenant Commander J . H . Gillis in command . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockade . Assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron , " Elk " operated in the waters off New Orleans , Louisiana , and Mobile , Alabama , and in the lower Mississippi River . She was constantly on the move and frequently traded fire with Confederate forces , exchanging shots with batteries off Dog River 11 March 1865 , and shelling enemy pickets at Cedar Point , Florida , on 18 and 19 March . She also captured two vessels while on patrol and sent them into New Orleans for condemnation . Fighting fires ashore during an emergency in Mobile , Alabama . When the magazine and ordnance stores in Mobile blew up 25 May 1865 setting fire to cotton and cotton presses and causing a general conflagration , men from " Elk ' s " crew went ashore to fight fires . After the war , " Elk " was laid up at New Orleans , and was sold there 24 August 1865 .
Arthur Stubbs Arthur Stubbs ( 18 May 1904 – 15 September 2008 ) was , at the time of his death , New Zealand ' s oldest war veteran . He was 104 . Stubbs signed up for active service during World War II despite being too old to serve and having lied about his age ( He was 36 ) . He fought in the Battle of Crete where he was taken prisoner by the German army and spent almost four years in captivity before escaping .
97th Bombardment Wing ( World War II ) The 97th Bombardment Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the IX Bomber Command , based at Camp Shanks , New York . It was inactivated on 11 October 1945 . History . Operations . Performed bombing operations in Europe until V - E Day
Orlando Boss Orlando Phidelio Boss was a Corporal in Company F , 25th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War . He received Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of Cold Harbor , Virginia on June 3 , 1864 . Prior to rescuing Lieutenant Daly of his regiment , he had dragged another wounded comrade to safety among the enemy fire . He had then appealed to his brigade commander , General George J . Stannard , for permission to rescue the Lieutenant . General Stannard consented , and Private Boss succeeded in bringing the wounded office despite a torrent of enemy gunfire that erupted at him during his deed . Medal of Honor citation . Boss ' official Medal of Honor citation reads : The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal Orlando Phidelio Boss , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism on 3 June 1864 , while serving with Company F , 25th Massachusetts Infantry , in action at Cold Harbor , Virginia . Corporal Boss rescued his lieutenant , who was lying between the lines mortally wounded ; this under a heavy fire of the enemy .
Henry Fairfax ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Henry Fairfax , KCB , FRGS ( 21 January 1837 – 20 March 1900 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to serve as Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . He was the third son of Sir Henry Fairfax , 1st Baronet . Naval career . Henry Fairfax joined the Royal Navy in 1850 and , in 1862 , was promoted to commander for " distinguished valour in the capture of a pirate slaver " . In 1874 , as commander of , he led an astronomical expedition to Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean . As another decade passed , he was in command of the at the bombardment of Alexandria during the Anglo - Egyptian War of 1882 and was promoted to rear admiral in 1885 . In 1887 he received appointment as commander - in - chief of Australia Station , the description given to the naval command of British colonial possessions in Australia and South Pacific and , on 24 October 1889 , became Second Naval Lord . He served , from 1892 to 1895 , as commander of the Channel Fleet , which was historically charged with defending the waters of the English Channel . In November 1892 , stranded on rocks at the entrance to Ferrol Harbour ; Fairfax as officer commanding the squadron was court - martial led but was acquitted on the ground that the chart in use was unreliable . As well as seagoing commands , he held several land based appointments and was captain of " Britannia " , the Royal Navy Officer training establishment between 1887 and 1882 as well as being Naval Aide - de - camp to Queen Victoria in 1882 . Fairfax died in Naples in 1900 , while serving as Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . Family . In 1872 he married Harriet Kinloch .
USS Howard ( DDG - 83 ) USS " Howard " ( DDG - 83 ) is the thirty - third " Arleigh Burke " - class destroyer in the United States Navy and the nineteenth built at Bath Iron Works . Her keel was laid down 9 December 1998 , launched and christened 20 November 1999 and commissioned 20 October 2001 . The ship is named in honor of First Sgt . Jimmie E . Howard , USMC , ( 1929 – 1993 ) , recipient of the Medal of Honor for his leadership of a platoon against repeated attacks by a battalion - sized Viet Cong force . After receiving severe wounds from an enemy grenade , he distributed ammunition to his men and directed air strikes on the enemy . By dawn , his beleaguered platoon still held their position . Howard had also received the Silver Star Medal for his service in the Korean War . Every time USS Howard sets to sea from its homeport of San Diego , it passes within view of Gunnery Sgt . Howard ' s grave at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery and salutes its namesake . On 16 February 2007 , the USS " Howard " was awarded the 2006 Battle " E " award . On 28 September 2008 , USS " Howard " was reported to be in pursuit of the Ukrainian ship " Faina " , which on 25 September 2008 was captured by Somali pirates en route to Kenya . The " Faina " was reported to be carrying 33 Russian - built T - 72 tanks along with ammunition and spare parts . " Faina " was eventually released by the pirates 5 February 2009 . In 2008 , " Howard " received the 2008 Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophy Award and provided humanitarian assistance to the Philippines . CDR David Zook is the eighth Commanding Officer , relieving CDR Bergmann on 21 September 2012 . CDR Andree ( Ande ) E . Bergmann replaced CDR Scott Switzer on 17 March 2011 as the seventh commanding officer . Scott Switzer was the sixth commanding officer of " Howard " , replacing CDR Curtis Goodnight on 8 May 2009 during a ceremony at San Diego . Capt . Joseph Nolan , USN was the first Commanding Officer of the USS Howard . Until its disbandment in 2011 , the ship was part of Carrier Strike Group Seven . HOWARD is now a member of Destroyer Squadron TWO THREE and Carrier Strike Group ELEVEN . Other ships with same name . A previous , had been named for Charles W . Howard , a U . S . Navy hero from the American Civil War , earned six battle stars in World War II .
Gloster Meteor F8 " Prone Pilot " A much modified Gloster Meteor F8 fighter , the " prone position / prone pilot " Meteor , was used to evaluate the effects of " g " - forces while flying in a prone position . Along with the Reid and Sigrist R . S . 4 " Bobsleigh " , the Gloster Meteor was engaged in a proof - of - concept experimental programme that proved in practice the difficulties of operating the controls of the aircraft outweighed the advantages of sustaining higher g effects . Design and development . In the early 1950s the adoption of a prone position cockpit in future combat aircraft designs appeared attractive for two reasons . Firstly , such a configuration enabled the frontal area of the airframe to be reduced and therefore reduced drag . Secondly , aircrew can withstand greater inertial forces if not sitting upright , a vital consideration given the need for jet combat aircraft to manoeuvre at ever increasing speeds . While the Reid and Sigrist R . S . 4 " Bobsleigh " explored low speed performance 1951 – 1956 , the Royal Air Force soon also needed a higher performance concept aircraft . The Bristol Aeroplane Company sought to exploit these advantages by incorporating a prone pilot position in its proposal for a rocket - powered fighter , the Bristol Type 185 . In order to establish the viability of a prone pilot cockpit , the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine required a jet aircraft that could be flown in experimental flight tests . The last production Meteor F8 WK935 built by Armstrong - Whitworth was selected for modification and joined the Institute of Aviation Medicine in autumn 1954 . Armstrong - Whitworth carried out all the modifications as an " in - house " project . A standard fighter cockpit was retained ; " WK935 " was never flown solo from the radically modified front cockpit , which incorporated a custom - built couch , offset tiny control column , and suspended rear pedals . A Meteor NF 12 tail unit was substituted for the usual F8 tail . The Armstrong - Whitworth Chief Test Pilot Eric George Franklin carried out the test flights . The prone pilot ' s emergency escape involved an extremely complex procedure which included jettisoning the rudder pedals , crawling backward to an escape hatch and retracting the nose wheel . Fortunately , this system was never used . Operational history . Testing and evaluation . Following some 55 hours of flight testing over 99 flights , the results were inconclusive ; although the prone position concept was feasible , the development of special aviation clothing offered a simpler solution to the problem of counteracting inertial forces and the prone position Meteor was no longer needed . Although prone pilots were able to control the aircraft as well as a standard Meteor , the extreme forward position with limited rear view , presented a problem in mock combat with conventional aircraft . Survivor . Meteor F8 " WK935 " was retired after a year and after storage at No . 12 Maintenance Unit , the aircraft was sent to RAF Colerne before being preserved at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford in the UK .
William Adlam Major General William Adlam ( 1750 – 1823 ) was an English British Army soldier and artist . He was descended from a long line of distinguished soldiers . Adlam served in the American War of Independence as a captain in the army in the 40th Regiment of Foot . His regiment ' s order book is preserved in the Library of Congress . He was somewhat a renaissance man , an admirer of the French philosopher Voltaire and in 1780 , whilst a lieutenant colonel , produced a print of Voltaire sitting at his desk . He later served with Lord Nelson in the battles of Copenhagen , Ushant and the Nile , and was aboard the same ship with Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar , when Nelson was shot . When the war with Napoleon broke out he served under Lords Wellington and Napier , and was quartered in the Netherlands until 1816 . He then returned to Dover Castle , was made major - general in 1820 , retired on half pay , and in 1823 , died at 73 years of age , leaving a family of sixteen children .
Charles B . Warren Charles Beecher Warren ( April 10 , 1870 – February 3 , 1936 ) was an American diplomat and politician . Life . Charles B . Warren was born in Bay City , Michigan . During World War I , He served in the U . S . Army on the staff of the Judge Advocate General , ending his service with a rank of Lieutenant Colonel and a Distinguished Service Medal . He was an alternate delegate from Michigan to the Republican National Convention in 1908 , 1912 , and 1916 , and a regular delegate in 1924 , 1928 , and 1932 . Ambassador to Japan . Warren served as U . S . Ambassador to Japan between 1921 - 1922 . His arrival was eagerly anticipated in the context of up - coming Washington Conference on Far Eastern matters and armaments . Kaneko Kentarō ( Harvard ' 98 ) , Privy Councilor to the Emperor , and President of the America - Japan Society of Tokyo presided at a formal dinner in honor of the newly arrived Ambassador Warren ; and he expressed the hope that the Washington Conference would be a golden opportunity to clear away any misunderstandings and to speak frankly about Japan ' s aspirations . Not all of Warren ' s activities were limited to conventional Tokyo events . Following the usual Thanksgiving Day celebrations in 1922 , Ambassador Warren and his two sons traveled to Korea , Manchuria and Peking ; and this unremarkable trip was reported in the New York Times . In late January 1923 , Ambassador Warren took took leave of the Empress before departing his post in Tokyo . In addition to Foreign Minister Uchida and Prince Tokugawa , the recently appointed Japanese Ambassador to the United States , Masanao Hanihara , was at the Imperial Palace reception . Ambassador to Mexico . Warren became U . S . Ambassador to Mexico in 1924 . President Coolidge nominated Warren to be Attorney General , but his nomination was narrowly rejected twice . Michigan governor Alex J . Groesbeck , who Coolidge had also considered for the position , was active in trying to undermine Warren ' s acceptance . Warren died in Grosse Pointe , Michigan , on February 3 , 1936 . He is buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit . His wife was also a member of Republican National Committee . External links .
Accuracy International AW50 The AW50 is a . 50 BMG anti - materiel rifle designed by Accuracy International . It is a re - engineered version of the Accuracy International Arctic Warfare L96 sniper rifle ( the standard issue sniper rifle in the British military ) . Overview . The AW50 is intended to engage a variety of targets including radar installations , light vehicles ( including light armoured vehicles ) , field fortifications , boats and ammunition dumps . The standard ammunition combines a penetrator , high explosive and incendiary effect in a single round . The weight of the weapon ( 15 kg ) , combined with a muzzle brake and a hydraulic buffer system in the butt , gives the AW50F relatively low recoil and enhances accuracy . The MIL STD 1913 sight rail can hold a variety of equipment ; the normal sight for the AW50 is the Schmidt & Bender 3 - 12x50 PM II with Al Mil Dot reticle , 0 . 2 MRad clicks and elevation to 1500 m and laser protection . Night vision device sights such as the Simrad KN series or Hensoldt NSV 80 can also be fitted . AW50F . The AW50F is a folding stock variant which fires the multi - purpose Raufoss Mk 211 cartridge and other rounds . Most of the rifle is made in the United Kingdom ; the barrel is Australian , manufactured in Toowoomba , Queensland by Maddco . The weapon ' s stock folds for portability . It has a fully adjustable bipod and buttstock heel rest . Four sling loops allow shoulder and hand carrying of the rifle . Weighing 15 kilograms , the AW50F rifle is approximately four times the weight of a typical assault rifle . The NM140 . 50 calibre ammunition is also heavy . The weight of the weapon , combined with a muzzle brake on the front end and a hydraulic buffer system in the butt , gives the AW50F a relatively low recoil and enhances accuracy .
USS Freehold ( SP - 347 ) USS " Freehold " ( SP - 347 ) was a minesweeper and tug that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919 . " Freehold " was built as a commercial tug of the same name in 1903 by Neafie and Levy at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . On 17 September 1917 , the U . S . Navy chartered her for use as a minesweeper and tug during World War I . She was commissioned on 22 September 1917 as USS " Freehold " ( SP - 347 ) with Ensign E . J . Nelson , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Freehold " performed minesweeping duties in the New York City area for the remainder of World War I , sweeping and buoying channels daily for convoys entering and leaving New York Harbor . She also performed general tug duties through the end of the war and into 1919 . On 17 April 1919 , " Freehold " was assisting in the docking of the British Cunard Line passenger ship RMS " Saxonia " when one of " Saxonia " s propellers struck her . " Freehold " sank , with the loss of one of her crew members . " Freehold " was refloated , overhauled , and returned to her owner on 27 May 1919 .
The Passing of the Armies The Passing of the Armies is a Civil War memoir written by Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain , a renowned commander most famous for his actions on Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg . It is an autobiographical account describing Chamberlain ' s experiences throughout the latter half of the Civil War , on and off the battlefield . It follows his accounts through Petersburg , White Oak Road , Five Forks , and Appomattox ( where Chamberlain was given the honor of accepting the Confederate surrender ) . Throughout the book , Chamberlain frequently expresses his respect for the soldiers of both the Confederacy and the Union . It was published by Putnam and Sons in 1915 , a year after Chamberlain ' s death . Appomattox . Respect for the Confederate Army , a common theme in the book , was never expressed greater than at the surrender at Appomattox . Chamberlain recalled the events : " " We Formed . . . to face the last line of battle , and receive the last remnant of the arms and colors of that great army which ours had been created to confront for all that death can do for life . " " Chamberlain goes on to recount how the withered remnants of the armies , formerly robust and strong at the beginning of the war , met each other . The remnants of Hood ' s division at the Battle of Gettysburg united with the Union Third Corps exchanging mutual respect . He explains how Longstreet ' s corps could not be greeted properly after having exchanged volleys of fire and death with each other .