naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Robert Jones ( VC ) Robert Jones VC ( 19 August 1857 – 6 September 1898 ) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross for his actions at the Battle of Rorke ' s Drift in January 1879 , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born at Penrhos near Clytha between Raglan and Abergavenny in Monmouthshire , Wales . Military achievements . He was 21 years old , and a private in the 2nd Battalion , 24th Regiment of Foot ( later The South Wales Borderers ) , British Army during the Zulu War . For their roles inside the hospital at Rorke ' s Drift , he and Pte . 593 William Jones were each awarded the VC by Sir Garnet Wolseley in Utrecht , Transvaal . Privates Robert and William Jones were posted in a room of the hospital facing the hill . They kept up a steady fire against enormous odds . While one worked to cut a hole through the partition into the next room , the other shot Zulu after Zulu through the loophooled walls , using his own and his comrade ' s rifle alternately as the barrels became too hot to hold from the incessant firing . By their united efforts six out of the seven patients were saved by being carried through the broken partition . The seventh , Sgt . Maxfield , was delirious and refused to be helped . When Robert Jones returned to take the Sergeant to safety by force he found him in his bed being stabbed by the Zulus . Robert Jones himself suffered four Assegai spear wounds , was struck by a bullet and had minor burns . Later life . After discharge Robert Jones settled in Herefordshire where he became a farm labourer and married Elizabeth Hopkins having 5 children , Robert Jones jnr , Edith Emily East ( née Jones ) , Alice Smith ( née Jones ) Lilly Rose Griffiths ( née Jones ) & Ellen Kelly ( née Jones ) called Nellie by the family . He died in Peterchurch , Herefordshire , from gunshot wounds in 1898 aged 41 years . He had borrowed his employer ' s shotgun to go crow shooting . A verdict of suicide whilst temporarily insane was passed . The Coroner heard how he was plagued with recurring nightmares following his desperate hand to hand combat with Zulus . His widow Elizabeth later re - married . His body is interred in Peterchurch churchyard with the gravestone facing a different way to all the others . In 1998 a national newspaper started a campaign to have it realigned but this has not happened yet . His Victoria Cross passed out of the family and was bought in 1996 for £80 , 000 , defeating a bid from the regimental museum . It is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Galley at the Imperial War Museum , London . In the 1964 film " Zulu " , he was portrayed by actor Denys Graham .
USS West Madaket ( ID - 3636 ) USS " West Madaket " ( ID - 3636 ) , was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . Construction . SS " West Madaket " was built in 1918 as a commercial cargo ship at Seattle , Washington by the Skinner and Eddy Corporation . Launched on 5 October 1918 , she was acquired by the U . S . Navy for World War I service upon completion on 31 October 1918 , assigned naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 3636 , and commissioned the same day as USS " West Madaket " at Puget Sound Navy Yard , Bremerton , Washington , with Lieutenant Commander B . U . Heald , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " West Madaket " completed her sea trials too late to see service before World War I ended on 11 November 1918 . She departed for the United States East Coast on 18 November 1918 with a cargo of 7 , 031 tons of flour consigned to European food relief . Voyaging via the Panama Canal , she arrived at New York City on 16 December 1918 and departed on 22 December 1918 , bound for Europe . She made port at Falmouth , England , on 5 January 1919 and pushed on , that same day , for Rotterdam , the Netherlands , where she discharged her cargo until 23 January 1919 . Returning to New York on 9 February 1919 , " West Madaket " loaded 6 , 841 tons of general cargo and made a voyage to Le Verdon - sur - Mer , France , returning to New York on 28 April 1919 . " West Madaket " was decommissioned on 8 May 1919 at Newport News , Virginia , and was transferred to the United States Shipping Board on the same day . Once again SS " West Madaket " , she remained in the custody of the Shipping Board until the United States Maritime Commission was established and replaced the Shipping Board in 1936 . She then continued in Maritime Commission service into World War II . On 5 May 1943 , while steaming with Convoy ONS 5 , she was torpedo ed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by .
George Ellsworth George A . Ellsworth ( 1843 - 1899 ) , commonly known as " Lightning " Ellsworth , was a Canadian telegrapher who served in the Confederate army during the American Civil War , specifically with the cavalry forces under Brig . Gen . John Hunt Morgan . His use of the telegraph to spread disinformation to Union forces was declared by " The Times " as the greatest innovation to come out of the war . Ellsworth was enamored of the telegraph soon after it was invented , and travelled from his native Canada to Washington , D . C . , in order to study in Samuel Morse ' s school . Before the war , Ellsworth took a job in Lexington , Kentucky , where he first met Morgan . In 1860 he moved to Houston , Texas . When the war started , Morgan had the idea of using the telegraph to send disinformation , and he knew he wanted Ellsworth for the job , so Morgan sent for him . Ellsworth joined Morgan and his 2nd Kentucky Cavalry at Chattanooga , Tennessee . Ellsworth was described as having droopy eyelids , a high forehead , an aquiline nose with a bridge bump , and a " disdainful , cynical , devil - may - care " eye expression . He was noted for having astringent humor . Among his positive qualities was resourcefulness and being a swift runner . As a telegrapher , he excelled due to being able to read extremely quick Morse Codes , having developed the ability to imitate other telegraphers ( telegraphers tend to have a distinctive style or " fist " ) , and that he knew the sending style of several Union telegraphers based in Kentucky and Tennessee . He gained the name " Lightning " during Morgan ' s first Kentucky Raid . He sat on a railroad crosstie in knee - high water by the L & N Railroad near Horse Cave , Kentucky , tapping away on a telegraph during a thunderstorm . This earned him the nickname " Lightning " Ellsworth . Ellsworth was with Morgan on his great raid , and was able to escape by swimming across the Ohio River with his portable telegraph , aided by an army mule , during the Battle of Buffington Island . He was with Morgan on Morgan ' s last Kentucky Raid in 1864 , and was later captured in Cynthiana , Kentucky , in June 1864 and promptly escaped . Thomas Hines later found him ateither Windsor or Toronto in Canada West , and had Ellsworth help him on an attempt to free Confederate POWs . After the war , Ellsworth served under Thomas Edison in Cincinnati , Ohio , but reportedly found a telegraph office too quiet for his liking . According to Edison , Ellsworth died in the Texas Panhandle , after becoming a " bad ' " gun man ' " .
Battle of Lower Sioux Agency The Battle of Lower Sioux Agency was the initial battle of the Dakota War of 1862 in August . After the initial conflict at Acton Township , Minnesota on August 17 , in which five white settlers were killed , tensions were running high within the Lower Sioux tribe . The Sioux feared that the murders would bring about a reprisal from United States forces . Chiefs Shakopee and Red Middle Voice convened a council at Little Crow ' s village near the Lower Sioux Agency to discuss the situation . Although Little Crow was hesitant to go to war , because of the strength of United States troops , Little Crow was eventually convinced to lead a war to drive the settlers from the Minnesota River valley . On the morning of August 18 , a large party of painted and armed Sioux braves surrounded the buildings of the Lower Sioux Agency , a settlement populated by the Indian agent and various government personnel . The Sioux gave a signal and launched a surprise attack on the post . Agent Andrew Myrick escaped from the post storehouse through a second story window , but was killed before he could reach cover . His corpse was later found with grass stuffed in his mouth in retaliation for his remark , " Let them eat grass ! " Other deaths included James W . Lynd , a clerk at the store ; George W . Divoll ; François La Bathe ; A . H . Wagner , the superintendent of farms ; Dr . Philander P . Humphrey , the agency physician ; and Philander Prescott , a fur trader . In all , twenty people were killed , ten people were captured , and 47 escaped . George H . Spencer was kept in captivity throughout the war and was later rescued at Camp Release . A 40 - man relief party from Fort Ridgely came to provide support , but they were ineffective . In the following week , the Sioux attacked a number of isolated farms and killed many settlers , but they were unable to take Fort Ridgely or New Ulm despite sustained attacks .
Dorothea Weber Dorothea Weber was a 190 GRT three - masted Schooner that was built in 1922 as the barge Lucy by J Oelkers , Hamburg . She was later renamed Midgard I , Midgard IV and then Elisabeth before a sale in 1935 saw her fitted with a diesel engine and renamed " Dorothea Weber " . She was seized by the Allies in May 1945 at Guernsey , passed to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and renamed Empire Cononley . In 1947 , she was sold into merchant service and renamed Coverack . A further sale in 1953 saw her renamed River Witham . She served until 1959 when she ran aground off Lowestoft . Although she was refloated , she capsized and sank off the Inner Dowsing Light Vessel . Description . The ship was built by J Oelkers , Hamburg . She was launched in 1922 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . The ship had a GRT of 190 and a NRT of 100 . As built , the ship was propelled by sails alone . A diesel engine was fitted in 1935 and this was replaced by another engine in 1951 . History . " Lucy " was built in 1922 as a barge , during the next thirteen years she was renamed " Midgard I " , " Midgard IV " and " Elisabeth " . In 1935 , she was bought by H J G Weber , Hamburg . By this time , her sail plan had been changed to a three - masted schooner . She was fitted with a diesel engine . The engine was a 6 - cylinder 4 stroke Single Cycle Single Action engine which had six cylinders of diameter by stroke . The engine was built by Linke Hofmann Busch Werke AG , Breslau . Her port of registry was Hamburg and the Code Letters DNMO were allocated . In May 1945 , " Dorothea Weber " was seized by the Allies at Guernsey and passed to the MoWT . She was placed under the management of Combern , Longstaff & Co Ltd . Her port of registry was changed to London . The Code Letters GLKY and United Kingdom Official Number 180671 were allocated . In November 1946 , " Dorothea Weber " was offered for sale at £3 , 500 . She had been renamed " Empire Cononley " by December 1946 . She was sold in 1947 to R H Hunt & Son and was renamed " Coverack " . She was fitted with a new engine in 1951 . In 1953 , she was sold to the Hull Gate Shipping Co , Hull and was renamed " River Witham " . On 28 July 1959 , she ran aground off Lowestoft , Suffolk . Although she was refloated , she capsized and sank off the Inner Dowsing Light Vessel .
Battle of Kassala The Battle of Kassala was fought on July 17 , 1894 , between an Italian colonial troop and Mahdi st Sudanese forces . Prelude . Governor Baratieri sought to capture Kassala , as to forestall Mahdist attacks on Eritrea . In July 1894 , Baratieri saw his moment when the Atbarah River started to rise , and marched his small army : < BR > " " 56 Italian officers , 41 NCOs and 2510 Askari led by 16 Bukbashis " " < BR > towards Kassala . Battle . An account of the capture of Kassala was published in the " New York Times " on July 20 , 1894 : " " Rome , July 19 . - . . . The attack upon the earthworks of the Mahdists was at once ordered and a fiercely contested battle ensued . The Mahdists fought desperately , but were finally driven from there position , leaving hundreds of dead and wounded in and about the intrenchments . Being hotly pursued , the Mahdists scattered under a continuous fire , and many of them in their efforts to escape plunged into the River Adbara , hoping to reach the other side . . . . Hundreds of the enemy were drowned , and it is believed that none succeeded in reaching the opposite bank . " " Aftermath . The Italians captured two flags and a number of cannons , in addition , the Italians freed many slaves : < BR > " " several white - men and about a hundred of the remnants of the former Egypt ian garrison ; also a number from the tribes around , such as the Beni - Amer . " " < BR > On July 23 the Generals left , leaving a garrison of a thousand men with two guns under Colonel Turitto .
Oskar Hennrich Vizefeldwebel Oskar Hennrich was a World War I flying ace credited with 20 aerial victories . He was a notable balloon buster , as thirteen of his wins were destructions of observation balloons . He was the leading ace of his squadron . Hennrich ' s first assignment was as an aerial gunner with KG II , from 20 April 1916 through 20 February 1917 . He then took pilot ' s training , and was assigned to FA ( A ) 273 on 10 October 1917 . He moved on to Jasta 46 on 6 May 1918 . He scored his first win there on 14 May 1918 , when he used his Fokker D . VII to shoot down a balloon west of Albert . He continued to score , mostly balloons , right through 1 October 1918 ; on 24 September , for instance , he shot down three gasbags . He was awarded the Military Merit Cross on 3 November 1918 . References . " Above the Lines : The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service , Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918 " Norman L . R . Franks , et al . Grub Street , 1993 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 73 - 9 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 73 - 1 .
320 mm Type 98 mortar The 320 mm Type 98 mortar ( Kyūhachi - shiki - kyūhō = Type98 mortar ) , known by the nickname " Ghost rockets " , was an artillery weapon used by the Japan ese military during World War II , especially during the Battle of Iwo Jima . Specifications . The launchers consisted of a steel tube closed at one end by a steel baseplate , resting on a wooden platform . The , , shells fit around and on top of the tube , instead of being dropped inside , comprising a type of spigot mortar . The range of each shot was adjusted by adding different size powder charges at the base of the round . The barrels could only handle five or six shots apiece before becoming damaged and unusable . When used in large groups , as was often done , it produced a fearsome effect known as " the screaming Jesus " to U . S . Marines . To absorb the massive recoil caused by firing their projectiles , the mortar tubes were almost always placed up against a mound of dirt . Use . During World War II , the Japanese Imperial Army deployed somewhere between 12 and 24 320 mm mortars on Iwo Jima , as well as 24 on Bataan . The weapon was also used on Okinawa . Iwo Jima . Japanese officers believed the 320 mm spigot mortar ' s most effective method of employment was as a psychological weapon , intended to scare American soldiers more than inflict casualties . The shells left craters deep and wide , but caused relatively few casualties due to minimal fragmentation . The mortars were mainly operated by the 20th Independent Mortar Battalion . During the Iwo Jima campaign , many of the 12 to 24 launchers were placed inside the mouths of caves to protect them from American artillery bombardment , requiring the gun crews to live in the caves that housed their guns , like the infantry . Due to the relative difficulty involved in moving such a massive weapon system , their locations usually remained fixed during battles . During the campaign , the object of the gun crews seemed to be mainly to inflict psychological damage on the American troops instead of killing them .
USS Apache ( SP - 729 ) The third USS " Apache " ( SP - 729 ) , later USS " SP - 729 " , was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919 . Construction , acquisition , and commissioning . " Apache " was built in 1917 by Herreshoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol , Rhode Island , as the civilian motorboat " Herreshoff No . 311 " for Robert F . Herrick of Boston , Massachusetts , who named her " Apache " and intended to offer her to the U . S . Navy for use as a patrol vessel during World War I . The U . S . Navy acquired her from Herrick on 23 May 1917 with a scheduled completion date by Herreshoff of 12 June 1917 . She was commissioned as USS " Apache " ( SP - 729 ) at Boston on 7 July 1917 . Service history . World War I . " Apache " served as a dispatch boat and local patrol boat at Boston , operating under the aegis of the 1st Naval District , through early October 1918 , by which time her name had been changed to USS " SP - 729 " . Due to an urgent need for craft such as " SP - 729 " at Brest , France , an order dated 14 October 1918 went out from Washington , D . C . , to Boston , directing the Commandant of the 1st Naval District to ready six section patrol boats - - USS " Commodore " ( SP - 1425 ) , USS " Cossack " ( SP - 695 ) , USS " War Bug " ( SP - 1795 ) , USS " Sea Hawk " ( SP - 2365 ) , USS " Kangaroo " ( SP - 1284 ) , and " SP - 729 " — to be shipped to France as deck cargo along with spare parts to keep them operational . However , this proposed movement appears to have been cancelled , probably because of the armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I and eliminated the need for more U . S . Navy patrol craft in Europe . Postwar . Instead , " SP - 729 " headed south via the inland waterway in December 1918 , bound for Naval Air Station Pensacola at Pensacola , Florida , probably for duty as a crash boat . Decommissioning and disposal . " SP - 729 " was decommissioned at Key West , Florida , and stricken from the Navy List on 17 May 1919 . She was turned over to the United States Coast Guard on 22 November 1919 . United States Coast Guard service . The Coast Guard renamed the boat " Arrow " on 16 December 1919 and she was commissioned into the Coast Guard as USCGC " Arrow " at Key West on 25 August 1921 . Soon thereafter , the Coast Guard cutter USCGC " Tallapoosa " ( WPG - 52 ) towed " Arrow " to Tampa , Florida . While " Arrow " was serving at Tampa , she was reclassified as a harbor launch and renamed USCGC " AB - 2 " on 6 November 1923 . " AB - 2 " later was found unfit for further Coast Guard service and was transferred to the United States Shipping Board on 18 March 1925 for disposal .
Tex Robertson Julian " Tex " Robertson ( April 23 , 1909 – August 27 , 2007 ) was an $ 3 for the 1932 US Water Polo team and former swimming coach for the University of Texas . He is best known for inventing the flip turn . Swimming career . Tex Robertson was born April 23 , 1909 in Sweetwater , Texas . While young , he learned to swim in a nearby creek and often practice his technique in a horse trough . He attended the University of Michigan where he was a starting varsity swimmer and won the NCAA Big Ten championships . While attending Michigan , he participated in the 1932 Summer Olympics as a member of the US Olympic Water Polo team . The International Swimming Hall of Fame credits Tex with the invention of the flip - turn , a pivotal technique used by all modern swimmers , while he was training Adolph Kiefer for the 1936 Summer Olympics in which Kiefer went on to win a gold medal for the back stroke . In 1935 , Tex founded the swimming team at the University of Texas . While he coached from 1935 – 1950 , the University of Texas swim team won every Southwest Conference Swimming Championship . Camp Longhorn . Robertson founded Camp Longhorn with his wife Pat in 1939 on Inks Lake in Burnet , Texas . He shut the camp down for three years when World War II broke out so he could join the United States Navy , where he trained Underwater Demolition Team s . When he returned , he spent all his time coaching the Texas swimming team and running Camp Longhorn , using his swim athletes as counselors . Robertson continued to run the camp until he died at age 98 and passed the camp down to his children . Today , Camp Longhorn hosts over 4000 campers every summer . Also , Indian Springs was founded in 1975 . Pat Robertson visits both during the camp sessions since Tex has died .
Hugh Talbot Burgoyne Captain Hugh Talbot Burgoyne VC RN ( 17 July 1833 – 7 September 1870 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross . Born in Dublin , he was the son of John Fox Burgoyne and the grandson of John Burgoyne . Burgoyne was a 21 - year - old Royal Navy lieutenant , serving in the Crimean War when he performed the following deed for which he was awarded the VC . Details . On 29 May 1855 , in the Sea of Azov , Crimea , Lieutenant Burgoyne of HMS " Swallow " , with Lieutenant Cecil William Buckley from HMS " Miranda " and Gunner John Robarts from HMS " Ardent " , volunteered to land at a beach where the Russian army were in strength . They were out of covering gunshot range of the ships offshore and met considerable enemy opposition , but managed to set fire to corn stores and ammunition dump s and destroy enemy equipment before embarking again . Burgoyne was Commander on HMS " Ganges " under Captain John Fulford during that vessel ' s service in the waters of the Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia during the fledgling years of the latter colony ' s establishment . " When the American merchant ship " Northern Eagle " was burned in Esquimalt Harbour , Captain Burgoyne was highly commended for his efforts to save everything possible from the burning ship . Seamen from the " Ganges " , " Pylades " , " Tribune " , and " Plumper " also assisted . " Later career . Burgoyne later achieved the rank of captain and was killed when in command of HMS " Captain " ( 1869 ) , which capsized off Cape Finisterre during a gale on 7 September 1870 . This revolutionary masted turret ship was the subject of considerable controversy during its design and construction and its loss was attributed to its poor stability . Burgoyne is buried in Brompton Cemetery , London . Legacy . Burgoyne Bay in British Columbia was named after him in 1859 . References . Listed in order of publication year
HMS Challenger ( K07 ) HMS " Challenger " was a unique vessel in Royal Navy service , purpose built to support deep sea operations and saturation diving . Built by Scotts at Greenock , the ship was launched on 19 May 1981 , but not commissioned until 1984 , during a time when the Royal Navy was cutting back on expenditure . The consequence was that the £80m " Challenger " was seen as an extravagance that the Admiralty could not afford . As a consequence , after only a few years service , in 1990 the ship was laid up and offered for sale . In 1993 the ship was purchased by a company called Subsea Offshore , to be converted for work decontaminating hazardous waste dumped in the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic . The vessel was later bought by the Namibian Minerals Corporation ( NAMCO ) , and fitted with equipment to recover diamonds from the sea floor . The ship was converted at the Nauta Shipyard in Gdynia , Poland , and made its first diamond recoveries in December 2000 . The ship was bought by De Beers in April 2003 for US $ 20 million .