naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Jementah Civil War The Jementah Civil War happened in 1879 in Jementah , Sultanate of Johor when Tengku Alam Shah , the heir of Sultan Ali of Muar refused to give the district of Muar to the temporary administration of Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor ( then Maharaja in 1879 ) . The final result of the civil war became a factor of the opening of the town of Muar . Before Sultan Abu Bakar became the ruler of Johor , Johor was ruled by Temenggong Ibrahim who was more favored than Sultan Ali . To settle the problems of administration , Sultan Ali was given the district of Muar while Temenggong Ibrahim ruled the remaining districts in Johor . The war was triggered on 25 October 1879 because Sultan Ali crowned his 11 - year - old son named Tengku Mahmood as his successor after his death , resulting in Tengku Alam ' s fury and envy . He also felt unsatisfied when Colonel Archibald Anson put the district of Muar under Maharaja Abu Bakar ' s temporary administration . He began his moves by asking his cousins Tengku Nong and Tengku Mat to spread false information to the residents of Muar district to be on his side . He also gathered some powerful warriors for the battle . Tengku Alam and his followers launched the first blow of the war by attacking Jementah on 25 October 1879 and winning the battle . As a result , the headman of Jementah sent reports to the ruler of Johor and Maharaja Abu Bakar responded by sending a powerful army of soldiers led by his cousin , Ungku Ahmad . Ungku Ahmad was a great tactician who contributed to Johor ' s rapid victory . Dato ' Mohammed Salleh bin Perang , also known as Dato ' Bentara Luar , was sent to the battlefield by the government on 2 December 1879 to assist the government army . As a strategy , he split the Johor government army into four parts to fight enemies easier . Each component contained about 100 soldiers . During the middle of December 1879 , the government army conquered more enemy strongholds and finally gained total victory at dawn on 30 December 1879 after a surprise attack on the enemy ' s final redoubt . Since then , the original District of Muar which included Segamat was re - occupied by the government of Johor . The aftermath of war . The most notable event that happened as a result of the Johor government ' s victory in the Jementah Civil War was the opening of the town of Muar by Maharaja Abu Bakar . Besides this event , the soldiers from both sides who later resided in the areas of Jementah and Segamat opened the residencies " ( mukim ) " of Pagoh , as well as some villages there .
Operation Concert On 19 September 1943 , an operation by Soviet partisans began under the code name “ Concert . ” It was one of the largest operations of World War II in its effects on the incapacitation of railroad communication s in the logistics of the enemy rear . The operation was conducted through a plan developed by and under the management of the Central Staff of Partisan Movement at the Stavka VGC ( Chief Military Committee ) , and was coordinated with the forthcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk Offensive operation ( Operation Suvorov 7 August - 2 October ) and Gomel directions and intended crossing of the river Dnepr as part of the Summer - Autumn Campaign of 1943 ( 1 July - 31 December ) . The operation included participation of 193 partisan detachment s and groups totalling more than 210 , 000 men , women , and children .
Ecdicius Ecdicius Avitus ( c . 420 – after 475 ) was a Gallo - Roman aristocrat , senator , and " magister militum praesentalis " from 474 until 475 . As a son of the Emperor Avitus , Ecdicius was educated at " Augustonemetum " ( modern Clermont - Ferrand ) , where he lived and owned some land . In the 460s he was one of the richest and most important persons in the western Empire and he was present at the court of Anthemius until 469 . Ecdicius and his brother - in - law Sidonius Apollinaris , the Bishop of Clermont , took charge of the defence of the Auvergne against the Visigoths from 471 to 474 . The Visigothic king Euric besieged many cities , but Ecdicius , with a private army of horsemen paid for out of his own wealth , brought provisions to those cities , lifted their sieges , and fed a multitude of poor . The size of his warband seems to have been quite small - - - he broke a Visigothic siege of Clermont - Ferrand with only eighteen horsemen , or ten according to the non - contemporary account of Gregory of Tours Ecdicius also obtained the submission of Chilperic II of Burgundy on behalf of the Empire . In 471 Anthemius sent an army into Gaul under the command of his son Anthemiolus against the Visigoths , but he was defeated near Arles ; by 473 the Visigoths had captured Arles and Marseille , and they appeared poised for an invasion of Italia itself . Ecdicius was elevated to the rank of patrician by the new emperor Julius Nepos , and invested with the title " magister militum praesentialis " , apparently with the intent to wage war against the Visigoths ; when Sidonius learned of this promotion , he shared his hopes with his wife Papianilla that Ecdicius might gain victories and be rewarded with the Consulate . However , just as Ecdicius embarked on his campaign against the Visigoths ( 475 ) , he was recalled to Italy by Julius and Flavius Orestes replaced him as head of the Roman army . The emperor then exchanged the Auvergne for Provence , giving the Visigoths the territories they had long desired . The reason for Nepos ' s about face is puzzling , as Ralph W . Mathisen admits then accuses the Senate in Rome as being responsible . After he was replaced , Ecdicius practically vanishes from the historical record . A letter written by Sidonius Apollinaris survives , in which he pleads with his brother - in - law to return to the Auvergne ; but if Ecdicius did return — or even if Sidonius sent the letter — is unknown . Some evidence suggests that he remained in Italy : there is a letter in the " Variae " of Cassiodorus ( 2 . 4 . 22 ) , written after the Battle of Vouille in 507 , concerning the sons of one Ecdicius who wanted to return to Gaul where they had property ; in a 1984 article Matthisen argued for the identification , pointing out that " not only is the Arvernian Ecdicius known to have been in Rome earlier , but Ecdicius also is a rare name . "
Thomas M . Wells Thomas McCoy Wells ( 1841 – February 5 , 1901 ) was an Irish born Union Army soldier and officer during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown , Virginia on October 19 , 1864 . The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan ’ s Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley . Wells enlisted in the Army from De Kalb , New York in November 1861 , and was assigned to the 6th NY Cavalry . He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in January 1865 , and promoted to first lieutenant the following May . Wells was transferred to the 2nd Provisional NY Cavalry in June 1865 , and mustered out with this regiment the following August . Medal of Honor citation . “ The President of the United States of America , in the name of Congress , takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Chief Bugler Thomas McCoy Wells , United States Army , for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864 , while serving with 6th New York Cavalry , in action at Cedar Creek , Virginia , for capture of colors of 44th Georgia Infantry ( Confederate States of America ) . ”
Gerald Livock Gerald Edward Livock DFC AFC ( 11 July 1897 in Newmarket , Suffolk , England – 27 January 1989 in Blandford Forum , Dorset ) was an English cricketer , aviator and archaeologist . A right - handed batsman and wicket - keeper , he played first - class cricket for various teams between 1923 and 1934 . Cricket career . After playing some Minor Counties Championship matches for Cambridgeshire in 1921 , Livock made his first - class debut for Lord Cowdray ' s XI against the Rest of England in 1923 . In 1924 he played for the Straits Settlements against the Federated Malay States , also playing for the combined Malaya cricket team in matches against Shanghai and Hong Kong . Returning to English cricket , he played three County Championship matches for Middlesex in 1925 , also playing in that season ' s Gentlemen v Players match . He next played for Middlesex in 1927 , his top - level cricket career being restricted by his RAF career , when he played against Warwickshire and New Zealand . He also played a first - class match for the RAF against the Royal Navy that season . Following a second match for the Straits Settlements against the Federated Malay States in 1930 , he played three more first - class matches ; for the RAF against the Army in 1932 , for the MCC against Yorkshire in 1933 and for the Gentlemen of England against Australia in 1934 . He also played cricket in Egypt that year .
Cochin – Travancore Alliance ( 1761 ) The Cochin – Travancore Peace Treaty came to being in 1761 to expel the forces of the Zamorin of Calicut from the regions of the Kingdom of Cochin they had occupied in 1755 - 56 . The alliance said that if the king of Travancore helps to regain the occupied territories , they can continue to keep the portions of Cochin they annexed during a period between 1755 and 1756 . The famous Travancore Defence Lines were built as a result of this peace agreement . The allied forces of Travancore and Cochin completely defeated the Zamorin ' s army camped at Cranganore , Parur , and Verappalli resulting the rule of Travancore from Cape Comorin to Cranganore and the significantly diminishing of the territories of the Kingdom of Cochin . The forces of Travancore were led by Eustachius De Lannoy , the Flemish associated with a Battle of Colachel . Both Calicut and Travancore forces had marched to Cochin as soon as the Dutch effectively withdrew their support to Cochin . The Zamorin forces stormed from the north , and occupied Cranganore , Parur , Verappally , and Chettuva . Later , as a result of another treaty the Fort Chetwai was given back to the Dutch . The Travancore stormed Cochin from the south and occupied Thekkumkur , Vadakkumkur , and Purakkad . Flanked under pressure by the two superior powers and having no Europeans to support , Cochin soon sued for a treaty with Travancore .
Alfred Brian Palmer Alfred Brian Palmer MBE , DSC ( 27 March 1899 Redfern , New South Wales – 4 July 1993 Clearwater , Florida ) was a Royal Navy Reserve captain and near the end of his career was the commander of the shore base HMS " Furneaux " in Brisbane . He is known for his bravery in breaking the German blockade of Tobruk in the Second World War with his small schooner " Maria Giovanni " . During the Second World War he was wounded several times and finally taken prisoner by the Germans , from which he attempted numerous escapes . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in 1941 for " courage , skill and devotion to duty in operations off the Libyan coast " , and made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1944 . Early life . Palmer ' s name at birth was Alfred O ' Brien . He first went to sea on the " Daniel " , a 185 ton sailing vessel built in Norway in 1830 . After three voyages to New Zealand on the " Daniel " in November 1916 Palmer joined the " Burrowa " an Australian merchant sailing vessel ( 2902 gross tonnes ) . On 27 April Burrowa was attacked and sunk " sixty miles west of the Scilly Isles " by a German submarine . The crew spent two nights in a lifeboat . They were sighted by a patrol plane , picked up and taken to Penzance . Palmer then served in the British navy until the end of the First World War . Between the First and Second World Wars , Palmer was a merchant seaman serving on many Commonwealth Line ships . He was a crew member of the Carawa when it was run aground in the Galapagos islands . The crew members returned to Sydney on the steamers Australrange and Australmont in July 1920 . In 1928 , as the depression began , the Commonwealth line was sold and crews were retrenched . He commanded a company of the Chinese Lancers in Shanghai and was a member of the volunteer reserve . On the outbreak of the Second World War he rejoined the Royal Navy , and first served as executive officer of HMS Medway ( F25 ) . Maria Giovanni . The " Maria Giovanni " was a 200 ton schooner captured from the Italians by the British destroyer " Dainty " on 1 January 1941 . Palmer was made skipper of the " Maria Giovani " in January 1941 . He " won fame through his cussedness on the Spud Run " , and by his willingness to carry any cargo . There is slight differences in how his ship was captured with one saying the Italians " trapped him by a ruse " , and the other saying the Germans " kidded him " to make landfall in their territory , regardless Palmer and his crew became prisoners of war in Italy . The supply of Tobruk by Palmer and others was known as the " Ferry Service " . CNRRA Incident . Palmer was accused of embezzlement while working as Marine Superintendent of Waterways Transport for the Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1947 . He was convicted and sentenced to one year hard labour but the conviction was overturned on appeal . Later life . Palmer and his wife flew from Florida to Australia to attend a Rats of Tobruk reunion in 1977 , where around 600 veterans marched through Sydney streets .
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy The National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy ( French : " Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie – Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie " , CNDD – FDD ) is the current ruling party in Burundi . During Burundi ' s civil war CNDD - FDD was the most significant rebel group active and became a major political party in Burundi . In March 2012 , Pascal Nyabenda was elected as President of CNDD - FDD . Pascal Nyabenda was formerly Governor of Bubanza and currently attends Hope Africa University . During the civil war , CNDD was the political wing of the organization , while the FDD was the military wing . It was founded in 1994 , a year after the assassination of the first democratically elected President Melchior Ndadaye . The political wing was dominated by Hutu intellectuals from the southern region of Bururi led by Leonard Nyangoma , while the fighting wing was composed of troops drawn from throughout the country , which led to a split in the group in 2001 . The rebel group was often referred to simply as Forces for the Defense of Democracy ( FDD ) . In 2001 , the CNDD – FDD consisted of about 25 , 000 rebels led by Jean - Bosco Ndayikengurukiye . However a schism in October 2001 led to the overthrow of Ndayikengurukiye by Pierre Nkurunziza . The Nkurunziza - led faction , consisting of 20 , 000 to 22 , 000 troops signed a ceasefire with the government in December 2002 , but continued fighting . The faction led by Ndayikengurukiye became the lesser of the two with about 5 , 000 fighters . It also signed a ceasefire with the government in October 2002 to which it has roughly held . At an official ceremony in January 2005 , the group registered as a legal political party . In largely peaceful parliamentary elections on 4 July 2005 , the CNDD won an estimated 60 to 80 percent of the vote , making it likely that a CNDD representative would be chosen president in August . Pierre Nkurunziza indeed was elected President of Burundi unopposed on August 19 . At the legislative elections , the party won 57 . 8 % and 64 out of 118 seats . CNDD - FDD ' s youth wing is led by Ezechiel Nibigira .
Battle of Great Cacapon The Battle of Great Cacapon — also known as Mercer ' s Massacre — was fought on April 18 , 1756 between members of Colonel George Washington ' s Virginia Regiment and French - allied Shawnee and Delaware Indians . Captain Mercer and a company of his men were pursuing some Indians when they were ambushed by a larger number of Indian raiders . Mercer and at least 16 of his men were killed . Background . Following the outbreak of the French and Indian War in 1754 , and the failure of British General Edward Braddock ' s expedition in 1755 , French commanders in the Ohio Country encouraged their Indian allies to raid British colonial settlements . Northwestern Virginia ( an area including what is now the state of West Virginia ) was one area subjected to frequent Indian raids . In an attempt to defend against these raids , Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered a series of defensive fortifications to be constructed . These forts were manned by members of Virginia provincial militia under the overall command of Colonel George Washington . Battle . A Delaware leader named Bemino , known as John Killbuck to the whites , a number of years after the incident , described how he and a band of Indians ( probably composed of Delawares and Shawnee ) killed two men near Fort Edwards , not far from the Cacapon River in what is now Hampshire County , West Virginia . Deliberately leaving a trail of corn meal , they established an ambush along a high stream bank . Captain John Mercer led a band of militia ( said to number from forty to one hundred , depending on sources ) in pursuit . When they passed the concealed Indians , the trap was sprung , and the Indians opened a murderous crossfire , killing Mercer and 16 men . More of the militia were chased down and killed , with Killbuck claiming that only six men escaped . Indians continued to raid in the area throughout the war .
Richard Kelliher Richard Kelliher VC ( 1 September 1910 – 28 January 1963 ) was an Irish - born Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry that can be awarded to Commonwealth forces . Kelliher received his VC while serving with the Australian Army , during World War II . Early life . Kelliher was born in Ballybeggan , Tralee , County Kerry in Ireland , then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . and emigrated to Queensland , Australia in 1929 with his sister Norah . Due to lack of work during the Great Depression his sister moved to Sydney while Kelliher became a swagman , working a variety of jobs . Military service . Kelliher enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 21 February 1941 , and was sent to the Middle East . He was assigned to the 2 / 25th Battalion , ( Queensland ) which was on garrison duty in Syria . The battalion returned to Australia in March 1942 and was sent to New Guinea , where it took part in the Battle of Buna - Gona , later that year . During this battle Kelliher was arrested after allegedly running from the front . He was later court martialled for cowardice in the face of the enemy where he claimed his platoon commander had sent him back for information . The commander had been killed in the battle and Kelliher had no witnesses to his version . He was acquitted and after rejoining his unit stated he would prove he was no coward . On 13 September 1943 , during the Battle of Lae , the platoon to which Private Kelliher was attached came under very heavy fire from a concealed Japanese machine gun , at Heath ' s Plantation . The machine gun inflicted severe casualties and prevented the platoon ' s advance . Private Kelliher suddenly , on his own initiative , dashed towards the post and hurled two grenades at it , which killed some of the enemy . He returned to his section , seized a Bren gun , dashed back to the enemy post and silenced it . He then asked permission to go out again to rescue his wounded section leader , which he accomplished successfully under heavy fire from another enemy position . Kelliher had bad health after suffering from both typhoid and meningitis before the war . In 1944 he was declared medically unfit for active service and discharged . Later life . He later travelled to London to take part in the London Victory Parade of 1946 . He married in 1949 and had three children . While working as a cleaner at Brisbane City Hall he applied for , but failed to get , a taxi driver ' s licence and the family moved to Melbourne where he got a job as a gardener . By the late 1950s Kelliher was completely disabled due to ill health and on 16 January 1963 had a stroke . He died in Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital on 28 January . In 1966 , his battalion association bought his VC for $ 2 , 000 and donated it to the Australian War Memorial , where it is on display . References . Listed in order of publication year
Alexei Senyavin Alexei Naumovich Senyavin ( also spelled Sinyavin ) ( ) ( 5 October 1716 – 10 August 1797 ) was an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy , son of Naum Senyavin . Early career . Senyavin began his career in the navy in 1734 as a warrant officer . Serving in the Dnieper Military Flotilla , he took part in the Russo - Turkish War of 1735 - 1739 . In 1739 , Alexei Senyavin was transferred to the Baltic Fleet . At the height of the Seven Years ' War , Senyavin commanded a battleship during the blockade of Kolberg . Alexei Senyavin retired from the navy in 1762 as a captain , 1st rank . Late career . Senyavin ’ s later career in the navy coincided with the reign of Catherine the Great . In 1766 , he was called out for service yet again and promoted to the rank of rear admiral two years later . Due to Russia ' s ongoing preparations for the war against the Turks , the empress entrusted Alexei Senyavin with the construction of different ships at the dockyards along the Don River , which would be able to reach the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea . Thus , Senyavin was made responsible for re - establishing the Don Military Flotilla , which was supposed to interoperate with the Russian ground forces along the Crimean coastline . Senyavin had to come up with a certain type of ships , which could navigate in shallow waters and meet combat requirements , at the same time . Alexei Senyavin managed to build a flotilla by 1771 and then sent it to Taganrog to assist the Russian troops in occupying the Crimea . In 1773 , he was put in charge of this flotilla and succeeded in fighting off the Turks at sea , finally blocking their access to the Sea of Azov by capturing Yenikale and Kerch . In 1774 , Senyavin rebuffed the attack of the Turkish fleet in the Strait of Kerch , making it retire with losses . Owing in large part to the actions of the Don Military Flotilla under Senyavin ' s command , Russia signed a favourable Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with Turkey , regaining Azov and Taganrog and gaining Kerch and Yenikale . Thus , Catherine II made Peter the Great ' s dream a reality – Russia finally got its first direct access to the Black Sea . Honors . For his excellent service and achievements , Alexei Senyavin was first promoted to the rank of vice admiral ( 1769 ) and then admiral ( 1775 ) . He was also awarded the Order of St . Anna and Order of St . Alexander Nevsky . In 1788 , Alexei Senyavin retired from the navy due to his illness . Upon his recovery in 1794 , he was asked to join the Admiralty Board .
5th Combat Communications Group The 5th Combat Communications Group is a specialized , highly trained unit of the United States Air Force . The 5th Mob ( referred to as such by its former designation as the 5th Mobile Communications Group ) is currently based at Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins , Georgia . Its current structure is made up of four active duty Combat Communications Squadrons ( 51st , 52nd , 53rd , and 54th ) an AFSPC - gained Air Force Reserve Combat Comm Squadron ( 55th ) , and the 5th Combat Communications Support Squadron , which handles such activities as the group ' s Mobility Training Program ( known as Mob School ) .
89th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 89th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 30th Division . It served on the Western Front and in the Italian Campaign during the First World War .