naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Seagull Operation Seagull was a British action during the Second World War to destroy several Nazi - controlled industrial targets including a smelter at Arendal , with the help of Kompani Linge agents from Norway . On 10 February 1943 the submarine was transporting the six - man team to Bodø when she hit a German minefield and sank , killing all 34 crew and the six agents . In 1986 , King Olav V unveiled a memorial to those lost aboard the " Uredd " , located in Grensen .
SS Pan - Pennsylvania SS " Pan - Pennsylvania " was an Type T3 - S - BF1 tanker of the United States , which was sunk by a German U - boat in April 1944 . Ship history . The ship was built at the Welding Shipyards in Norfolk , Virginia , under Maritime Commission contract # 2187 , and was delivered to National Bulk Carriers , Inc . in November 1943 . The ship was long and in the beam , and was powered by two steam turbines , delivering to a single propeller , giving her a top speed of . Sinking . " Pan - Pennsylvania " sailed from New York Harbor on the afternoon of 15 April 1944 as part of convoy CU - 21 , bound for England , carrying 140 , 000 barrels of 80 - octane aviation fuel , a crew of 50 men , and 31 members of the Naval Armed Guard . The 28 merchant ships of CU - 21 were accompanied by Escort Flotilla 21 . 5 , which consisted of six destroyer escort s . Weather conditions were initially poor , and the convoy was not able to settle into the standard convoy formation until the next morning . However , they had already been observed by the which , under the command of " Kapitanleutnant " Klaus Hanert , was on her first combat patrol . At 8 a . m . SS " Pan - Pennsylvania " was straggling behind the rest of the convoy when she was hit by a torpedo from " U - 550 " on her port side . As " Pan - Pennsylvania " began to settle , the " U - 550 " approached her , using the stricken ship to mask their presence from the three escort destroyers — , and — who rapidly approached , scanning the area with their sonar . Aboard " Pan - Pennsylvania " a fire broke out in the engine room , and the captain ordered the crew to abandon ship , as she began to settle and list to port . The crew launched two lifeboats and three life - rafts as water began to wash over the deck . The tanker continued to settle and then slowly capsized . " U - 550 " , meanwhile , attempted to slip away , but was detected by " Joyce " , which promptly attacked with a pattern of 13 depth charge s , bracketing the submarine and forcing her to the surface . The three escorts opened fire on her and " Gandy " rammed her abaft the conning tower . " Peterson " fired two more depth charges from her " K " guns , which exploded alongside the submarine . " U - 550 " attempted to man her deck gun and machine guns , but the crews were mown down by gunfire . The crew of " U - 550 " then set scuttling charges and attempted to abandon her , but the charges exploded prematurely and she quickly sank taking most of the crew with her . The entire action , from the detection of " U - 550 " to the time her sinking , lasted only thirteen minutes . Of the crew of " Pan - Pennsylvania " , 31 were rescued by " Joyce " and 25 by " Peterson " , leaving 25 unaccounted for . Only 12 Germans survived , including her Captain , 44 were lost . On the day following the attack an attempt was made to sink the still burning hulk of " Pan - Pennsylvania " with gunfire . This failed , so she was bombed and sunk by aircraft the day after at position . The wreck of " U - 550 " was found on July 23 , 2012 , in deep water about 70 miles south of Nantucket , Massachusetts . References .
USS Endion ( SP - 707 ) USS " Endion " ( SP - 707 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Endion " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1898 . On 1 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy purchased her for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned the same day as USS " Endion " ( SP - 707 ) with Chief Boatswain ' s Mate F . R . Neal , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 1st Naval District in northern New England , " Endion " carried out patrol duties for the rest of World War I . " Endion " was stricken from the Navy List on 6 October 1919 and subsequently sold .
Bruno Albert Forsterer Bruno Albert Forsterer ( July 14 , 1869 – June 13 , 1957 ) was a U . S . Marine Sergeant who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine American War for " distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy at Samoa , Philippine Islands , April 1 , 1899 . " His Medal of Honor was awarded by President Theodore Roosevelt , by General Order No 55 , dated July 19 , 1901 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Marine Corps . Born : July 14 , 1869 , Koenigsberg , Germany . Accredited to : Massachusetts . G . O . No . : 55 , July 19 , 1901 . Citation : For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy at Samoa , Philippine Islands , 1 April 1899 . After the war . William E . Dargie appointed Bruno Forsterer general manager of the " Oakland Tribune " . Upon Dargie ' s death on February 10 , 1911 , Forsterer succeeded Dargie as the publisher of the paper ( 1911 – 1915 ) . Forsterer also served as the executor for the Dargie ' s will . Forsterer would serve new Tribune owner , ( former U . S . Congressman ) Joseph R . Knowland as Business Manager of the Oakland Tribune , ( 1915 – 1957 ) . In 1936 , Joseph Knowland , Bruno Forsterer and Joseph Blum founded the Franklin Investment Company ( later , the Franklin Credit Union ) . His son , Harold B . Forsterer ( 1900 – 1974 ) served as Secretary - Treasurer of the Oakland Tribune ( 1957 – 1965 ) . Bruno Forsterer is buried in Arlington National Cemetery . His grave can be located in section 53 , Lot 2757 .
Western Desert Force The Western Desert Force , during World War II , was a British Commonwealth army formation stationed in Egypt . On 17 June 1940 , the headquarters of the British 6th Infantry Division was designated as the Western Desert Force . The unit consisted of the 7th Armoured Division and the Indian 4th Infantry Division . The force was commanded by Major - General Richard O ' Connor . In September 1940 , at the time of the Italian invasion of Egypt , the force consisted of roughly 36 , 000 soldier s and about 65 tank s . From early December 1940 to February 1941 , during Operation Compass , the exploits of the Western Desert Force earned a parody of Winston Churchill ' s famous quote , " Never has so much been owed by so many , to so few . " So many Italians were captured by the Western Desert Force that Anthony Eden said , " Never has so much been surrendered by so many , to so few . " From 14 December , the Australian 6th Division replaced the Indian 4th Infantry Division which was redeployed to East Africa . The Western Desert Force was retitled XIII Corps on 1 January 1941 . By February 1941 , the remaining Italian forces in Cyrenaica were withdrawing down the Via Balbia with the British 7th Armored Division and the Australian 6th Infantry Division close behind . When Operation Compass came to an end with the surrender of the Italian Tenth Army the corps HQ was deactivared in February and its responsibilities taken over by HQ Cyrenaica , a static command , reflecting the Allied defensive posture in the Western Desert as Middle East Command became obliged to focus on the campaign in Greece . After the Italian forces in North Africa had been reinforced with the Africa Corps during Operation Sonnenblume , Lieutenant General Philip Neame , General Officer Commanding Cyrenaica , was captured during Rommel ' s advance and the Western Desert Force HQ was reactivated on 14 April , under Major General Noel Beresford - Peirse , to take command of British Commonwealth forces in the western desert and halt the Axis advance at the Egyptian - Libyan border . In August 1941 Archibald Wavell was replaced as C - in - C Middle East by Claude Auchinleck and the British and Commonwealth forces were reinforced to create in September 1941 the Eighth Army . During this reorganisation Western Desert Force was once again redesignated as XIII Corps in October 1941 and became part of the new army .
HMS Kent ( D12 ) HMS " Kent " was a batch - 1 County - class destroyer of the Royal Navy . She and her sisters were equipped with the Sea Slug Mk - 1 medium range surface to air missile SAM system , along with the short - range Sea Cat SAM , two twin 4 . 5 " gun turrets , two single 20mm cannon , ASW torpedo tubes , and a platform and hangar that allowed her to operate one Wessex helicopter . The " Counties " were large ships , with good seakeeping abilities and long range , and were ideal blue - water ships for their time . Operational Service . After her commissioning and work - up , " Kent " spent the balance of her career as an escort to the RN ' s aircraft carrier fleet . She deployed at various times with HMS " Victorious " , HMS " Eagle " , and HMS " Hermes " in the Atlantic , Indian , and Pacific Oceans . She was hard worked throughout the 1960s , along with her batch - 1 " County " sister ships , as they were the only guided missile armed destroyers in the fleet until the later half of the 1960s . One role was as host ship for the " Withdrawal from Empire " negotiations in Gibraltar . She suffered a fire during refitting in 1976 but was soon repaired and was present for the Silver Jubilee fleet review of 1977 . All four of the batch - 1 " Counties " were to have mid - life refits and the superior Sea Slug Mk - 2 system fitted , however this was cancelled due to the mid - 70 ' s cut - backs of RN funds and Hampshire and Devonshire paid off early in 1976 and 1978 respectively . Some of the improvements in the second group of County destroyers , were fitted , HMS Kent and London , had their Seacat directors updated from GWS21 to GWS22 and the later model of 992 radar target indicator was on HMS Devonshire , Kent and London , by May 1974 . " Kent " was decommissioned in the summer of 1980 and became the replacement for HMS Fife and Fleet Training Ship ( FTS ) , moored to the lower end of Whale Island outboard of the defunct support ship HMS Rame Head opposite Fountain Lake , Portsmouth Naval Base . At the beginning of the Falklands War she was surveyed for possible recommissioning ( her large size , helicopter deck and four 4 . 5 " Guns would have made her a good Command and shore bombardment ship ) , but her two years of unmaintained status meant a substantial amount of refit would be required to make her sea worthy , and no work was begun . She spent 1982 through to 1984 as a live asset for artificer and mechanic training supporting HMS Collingwood and HMS Sultan , her machinery largely in servicable condition . In 1984 she also became a Harbour Training Ship for the Sea Cadet Corps . She was paid off from this in 1987 and became a training hulk at Portsmouth until stricken in 1993 , though she lingered on , tied up to the same pier at Portsmouth Naval Base until 1996 . HMS " Kent " was sold for scrap and in 1998 she was towed to India to be broken up . Commanding officers . 1979 1980 Captain J P Gunning RN
Jesse Henry Leavenworth Colonel Jesse Henry Leavenworth ( March 29 , 1807 – March 12 , 1885 ) was military careerist and the second member of his family to serve in the regular army . He was the son of Brigadier General Henry Leavenworth and his wife Elizabeth Eunice Morrison . He was born March 29 , 1807 , in Danville , Vermont . He was a graduate of West Point class of 1830 . Upon graduation he was appointed as a second lieutenant to the Fourth Infantry of the Second Colorado Cavalry , known as the " Rocky Mountain Rangers " based near Denver , Colorado , which protected the frontier against bandits and Indian marauders . Leavenworth married Elvira Caroline Clark , daughter of Festus Clark , of Sackett ' s Harbor , New York , June 12 , 1832 , and they had four sons and four daughters between 1833 and 1853 . He left military service for the reserves in 1836 to spend more time with his family . Leavenworth was a civil engineer active in the west with a private practice based in Chicago , Illinois , for twenty two years . In 1858 he was listed in directories as a lumber merchant in Wisconsin . In 1862 , after the outbreak of the Civil War , he resumed active service as a Colonel , taking command of the 2nd Colorado Infantry Regiment . He was once again assigned to the " Rocky Mountain Rangers " in which he now had the added responsibility of guarding against action by Confederate sympathizers . In 1864 the Army made him Indian agent to the Southern Cheyenne , Kiowa and Comanche representing the United States government in its attempts to keep peace with the tribes . He was responsible for an unusually high number of captive releases of hostages taken by the tribes . After his military retirement around 1870 he returned to Wisconsin and resumed his activities as an engineer and merchant ; he died in an uneventful manner in Milwaukee , Wisconsin in 1885 . His daughter Mary was the wife of Charles James Kershaw , a major grain broker trading on the Chicago Board of Trade .
Charles R . Jackson ( USMC ) Charles R . Jackson , ( 1898 – 1970 ) was an American Marine , best known for his posthumously published memoir " I Am Alive : A United States Marine ' s Story of Survival in a World War II Japanese POW Camp . " Military career . Charles R . Jackson attended Virginia Military Institute where he earned a degree in civil engineering . From there he attended the West Point and graduated in 1919 . From there he served in the United States Army , resigning his commission in 1925 to join the United States Marine Corps , where he enrolled in 1927 as a Private . While fighting in the Battle of Corregidor in the spring of 1942 , he was captured by the Japanese and interned as a P . O . W . for three years . Ranks . Private Sergeant Major Writings . Charles R . Jackson ' s plain account of his experiences as a P . O . W . of the Japanese was edited by military historian Major Bruce Norton USMC ( Ret . ) and published posthumously in June 2003 . Among other topics from Jackson ' s notes that were assembled were accounts of inhumanity and deadly situations , including forced marches .
USS Acoma ( SP - 1228 ) The first USS " Acoma " ( SP - 1228 ) was a relatively fast motorboat for the time — capable of running at 25 knots – that was leased from its owner by the United States Navy during World War I . She was outfitted as an armed patrol craft and assigned to patrol the waterways of Newport , Rhode Island , and New Bedford , Massachusetts . She was returned to her owner at war ’ s end . Built in New York . " Acoma " ( SP - 1228 ) , a section patrol motor boat , was built in 1917 by the Gas Engine & Power Co . and Charles L . Seabury Co . , Morris Heights , New York ; acquired by the Navy on a free lease from Theodore D . Partridge of New York City on 25 September 1917 ; and commissioned on 18 October 1917 , Chief Boatswain ' s Mate Clarence E . Sterrett in command . World War I service . " Acoma " was assigned to the 2d Naval District throughout her naval career . After patrolling in the vicinity of Newport , Rhode Island , she was transferred in November 1917 to the area of New Bedford , Massachusetts . The boat served there through the end of World War I . Decommissioning . Following the armistice , " Acoma " was returned to her owner on 25 November 1918 .
Alfons Maniura Alfons Maniura ( July 31 , 1895 – March 27 , 1942 ) was a Polish soldier who fought in all three Silesian Uprisings ( as a Sergeant in the third one ) , and in the Battle of Annaberg . Maniura was the founder and first chairman of Naprzód Lipiny . During World War II he was deported to the USSR , where he later joined Anders Army as an Artillery Sergeant . He was buried in Kenimech in Uzbekistan .
5 " / 54 caliber Mark 45 gun The 5 - Inch / 54 - caliber ( Mk 45 ) lightweight gun is a modern U . S . naval artillery gun mount consisting of a 5 - inch ( 127 mm ) L54 Mark 19 gun on the Mark 45 mount . Originally designed and built by United Defense , it is now manufactured by BAE Systems Land & Armaments after the former was acquired . The latest 5 - inch / 62 - caliber version consist of a longer barrel L62 Mark 36 gun fitted on the same Mark 45 mount . The gun is designed for use against surface warship s , anti - aircraft and shore bombardment to support amphibious operations . The gun mount features an automatic loader with a capacity of 20 rounds . These can be fired under full automatic control , taking a little over a minute to exhaust those rounds at maximum fire rate . For sustained use , the gun mount would be occupied by a six - man crew ( gun captain , panel operator , and four ammunition loaders ) below deck to keep the gun continuously supplied with ammunition . History . Development started in the 1960s as a replacement for the 5 " / 54 caliber Mark 42 gun system with a new , lighter , and easier to maintain gun mount ing . In USN use , the Mark 45 is used with either the Mk 86 Gun Fire Control System or the Mk 160 Gun Computing System . Since before World War II , 5 " has been the standard gun caliber for U . S . Naval ships . Its rate of fire is lower than the British 4 . 5 - inch ( 113 mm ) gun , but it fires a heavier 5 " shell which carries a larger burst charge that increases its per - shell effectiveness against aircraft . In sustained firing operations ( Mode III ) , the gun is manned by a six - man crew all located below decks . These are a gun captain , a panel operator , and four ammunition loaders . In fully automatic non - sustained firing operations ( Mode IV ) , the gun can be fired without any personnel inside the mount . However , sustained fire is limited to the capacity of the automatic loader ( 20 rounds ) . This means that there will be no one at control panel for the gun to save the weapon when having to fall back to verbal cease fire to the gun crew .
George Douglas Wahl George Douglas Wahl was a Brigadier General in the United States Army . Biography . Wahl was born on October 15 , 1895 . His father was Major General Lutz Wahl . Wahl died on March 24 , 1981 . He is buried along with his father at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Wahl graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1917 . During World War II he would serve in the artillery .
USS New England ( ID - 1222 ) The second USS " New England " ( ID - 1222 ) , also SP - 1222 , was a United States Navy tug in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " New England " was built in 1897 as a commercial tug of the same name by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company at Quincy , Massachusetts . On 23 October 1917 , the U . S . Navy chartered her from her owner , the New England Steamship Company of New York City , for use during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " New England " on 24 October 1917 ; sources differ on whether or not she was commissioned with the section patrol number SP - 1222 or the naval registry identification number 1222 ( ID - 1222 ) , and it possible that she originally was designated SP - 1222 and later was redesignated ID - 1222 because of her lack of patrol responsibilities . Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England and based at Newport , Rhode Island , " New England " operated as a tug , aiding ships arriving at and departing from Newport and ferrying supplies for the rest of World War I and into 1919 . The Navy returned " New England " to the New England Steamship Company on 11 May 1919 .
German submarine U - 478 German submarine " U - 478 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out one patrol . She sank no ships . She was sunk by a Canadian and a British aircraft northeast of the Faroe Islands , in June 1944 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 28 October 1942 at the " Deutsche Werke " in Kiel as ' werk ' 309 , launched on 17 July 1943 and commissioned on 8 September under the command of " Oberleutnant " Rudolf Rademacher . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 8 September 1943 for training and the 3rd flotilla from 1 June 1944 for operations . Patrol and loss . " U - 478 " s only patrol was preceded by a short trip from Kiel in Germany to Kristiansand in Norway . The patrol itself began with the boat ' s departure from Kristiansand on 25 June 1944 . On 30 June she was attacked and sunk by a Canadian Canso ( the Canadian version of the PBY Catalina ) flying boat of No . 162 Squadron RCAF and a British B - 24 Liberator of No . 86 Squadron RAF northeast of the Faroe Islands . Fifty - two men went down with " U - 478 " ; there were no survivors .
Battle of Givenchy Battle of Givenchy ( December 18 - December 22 , 1914 ) was a battle fought during World War I as part of the First Battle of Champagne , that saw an initially advancing British force face strong opposition and counter - attack from a solidly entrenched German force around the village of Givenchy . With the French under heavy pressure at Arras the order was given that the British force would provide relief by attacking the Germans around Givenchy , thus preventing German reinforcement of Arras from that quarter . Sharp fighting broke out on 19 December when Indian troops from the 3rd ( Lahore ) Division launched an attack , successfully capturing two lines of German trenches . However their success was short - lived : a prompt and aggressive counter - action pushed the Indian troops back out again . The following day the British force was caught somewhat by surprise by a heavy attack launched by the now reinforced Germans around Givenchy . The force of the German attack was clearly focused against the trenches held by the same Indian troops who had initiated operations on the previous day . Defensive tactics were severely hampered by the conditions of the Indian trenches , heavily waterlogged as they were . Consequently the German force broke through and managed to occupy part of Givenchy until two British reserve battalions were brought into action , with the result that the village was back in British hands by the close of 20 December . Nevertheless the German counter - attacks continued and several salients were driven into the British line until reinforcements from First Army were brought up by Douglas Haig the following day . With the fresh influx of men - relieving the Indian division - the line was restored to its original position . Thus fighting died down on 22 December with the opposing lines where they had started . British casualties ran at twice those of the German force : 4 , 000 against 2 , 000 .
Gerald F . Bogan Gerald Francis Bogan ( July 27 , 1894 – June 3 , 1973 ) was a United States Navy admiral . Bogan authored a confidential memorandum that was leaked by Captain John G . Crommelin during the Revolt of the Admirals in September 1949 . His memo described the situation in the Navy as follows , " The morale of the Navy is lower today than at any time since I entered the commissioned ranks in 1916 . . . The situation deteriorates with each press release . " The memorandum was endorsed in writing by Admiral Arthur W . Radford and Chief of Naval Operations Louis E . Denfeld . Bogan retired as a Vice Admiral in 1950 at age 55 rather than transfer from command of First Task Fleet in the Pacific to commander of Fleet Air at Jacksonville , a command normally filled by a Rear Admiral . In August 1963 , Bogan was the captain of a 104 - foot , $ 250 , 000 , luxury yacht " Freedom II " when it sank in the Pacific Ocean 600 miles from California . The yacht was en route from Honolulu to San Diego . Bogan and six crew members were rescued by the submarine . According to the crew , the yacht lost a wooden plank in its hull causing it to flood and sink , though it was unclear what caused the loss of the plank . Bogan was inducted into the Naval Aviation Hall of Honor , 1992 .