naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Main Line of Resistance Main Line of Resistance , or MLR is a military term describing the most important defensive position of an army facing an opposing force over an extended front . It does not consist of one trench or line of pillboxes , but rather a system , of varying degrees of complexity , of fighting positions and obstacle s to enemy advance . History of concept . MLR first came into use during World War I , after fighting became stalemated across northern France . The French and British on one side , and the Germans on the other , built elaborate fortified defensive positions . These were characterized by extensive use of barbed wire , entrenchments and underground bunker s to protect their troops from enemy fire , and defeat enemy attacks . The depth of such positions could range from several hundred to several thousand meters , and in a few cases much farther . If the position was held in great depth , a screening line of strongpoints and fortified outposts - designed to slow and disorganize an enemy attack - might be constructed forward of the MLR , and a reserve line built behind it . The most famous and elaborate MLR of World War I was the Siegfried Line ( part of the longer German Hindenburg Line ) , across parts of northern France . During World War II , in which combat was relatively fluid , the term , Main Line of Resistance , was used less often , and the positions the term described were usually less deep and complex than in World War I . However , there were exceptions , including the French Maginot Line , the German Atlantic Wall and Westwall ( Siegfried Line to the Allies ) , as well as the Soviet defenses at the Battle of Kursk . After the Korean War became static in 1951 , MLR described the defensive positions of the U . N . Eighth Army , a series of trenches and bunkers extending east to west across the Korean peninsula .
HMS Lenox ( 1678 ) HMS " Lenox " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Deptford Dockyard on 18 April 1678 . She was rebuilt at Deptford in 1701 , remaining as a 70 - gun third rate . In 1702 William Jumper took this ship as his most notable command . Jumper was part of Sir George Rooke ' s command as he failed to attack Cadiz . Jumper was renowned as one of the first captains to set foot on land during the successful capture of Gibraltar in 1704 . He and Captain Wilkes led troops whilst Edward Whitaker tried to obtain permission for a landing . Jumper was mentioned particularly by Whitaker . Lenox ' s captain was honoured by having Jumper ' s Bastion in Gibraltar named after him . Jumper was very lucky to avoid the fate of Sir Cloudesley Shovel in 1707 . Jumper arrived in Falmouth 22 October 1707 not realising that Sir Cloudesley and a substantial part of the fleet had been shipwrecked on the Scilly Isles when Shovell and four of his ships ( " Association " , " Firebrand " , " Romney " and " Eagle " ) were lost , claiming the lives of nearly 2 , 000 sailors . " Lenox " suffered little to no damage and finally managed to reach Portsmouth . On 2 May 1721 " Lenox " was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Chatham as a 70 - gun third rate to the 1719 Establishment . She was relaunched on 19 September 1723 . " Lenox " served until 1756 , when she was sunk as a breakwater .
429 Transport Squadron 429 Transport Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force is one of three transport squadrons attached to CFB Trenton in Trenton , Ontario . The squadron was originally formed as a bomber squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) attached to RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War . History . The squadron was formed in 1942 as the 429 ( Bomber ) Squadron RCAF , at RAF East Moor and disbanded on May 31 , 1945 . The current transport role was established at RCAF Station St Hubert on June 21 , 1967 as 429 Tactical Transport Squadron and in August 1981 renamed 429 Transport Squadron . The final move was in 1990 to 8 Wing in Trenton , Ontario . As part of the Canadian Forces Transformation , 429 was merged into No . 437 Squadron in 2005 . Two years later in August 2007 , 429 Squadron was again re - activated , this time as the CF ' s first Strategic Transport Squadron operating the CC - 177 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft . Aircraft used by 429 include :
Itakura Shigenori Shigenori ' s youth was spent in Mikawa province . In 1615 , Shigenori ' s father was granted yearly revenues from Mikawa in honor of his warrior conduct during the Siege of Osaka . Career of shogunate service . Shigenori was made governor of Osaka Castle and then " rōjū " . His served for a time as rōjū ( 1665 – 1668 ) , and then he left Edo for Kyoto . He served as the shogun ' s representative in the capital as the fourth Kyoto " shoshidai " in the period which spanned July 19 , 1668 through April 3 , 1670 . He returned to Edo for a second term as rōjū ( 1670 – 1673 ) . His service to the Tokugawa shogunate was serially rewarded in Fukōzu and Mikawa - Nakajima . In 1672 , he was made daimyō of Karasuyama in Shimotsuke province . His grandfather was the second " shoshidai " and his uncle was the third " shoshidai " . Shigenori followed their examples by joining his father as part of the shogunate ' s army during the Shimabara Rebellion .
Ivan Dmitriyevich Borisov Ivan Dmitriyevich Borisov ( ) ( 1913 – 1939 ) was a Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union . Biography . Ivan Borisov was born in 1913 . In December 1939 he served as a pilot in the 1st squadron commanding 5 IAP - KBF which were equipped with Polikarpov I - 153 s . On December 23 his squadron shut - down a Finnish aircraft , VL Kotka near Paldiski . At 12 . 45 ( Finnish time ) a Blackburn Ripon IIF of LeLv 36 took off to Paldiski which was flown by 24 - year - olds Kaj Uolevi Söderholm and his observer Esko Antero Huhanantti . The aircraft was not seen since 13 . 10 from Mäkiluoto fort which was located southwest of Helsinki . 35 Minutes later , an explosion was seen in the air 210 degrees away . It was reported by the Soviet radio that Finnish reconnaissance aircraft at Pakri got shot - down by interception at 14 . 05 and that both crew members were killed when they tried to escape the burning aircraft . There is a believe that this was the aircraft that was shot - down by Borisov crew . Besides this victory Borisov flew 9 more missions in the Winter War but was shot - down and killed on December 25 , 1939 over Hanko peninsula . He was awarded Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union on February 7 , 1940 .
2nd Frigate Squadron ( United Kingdom ) The 2nd Frigate Squadron was an administrative unit of the Royal Navy . Operational history . During its existence , the squadron included Black Swan - class , Type 15 , Type 16 , Leander - class and Type 22 frigates . The Squadron was based at HMNB Devonport . In its last configuration , the squadron comprised the Type 22 frigates ( Captain F ) , , and . The squadron was disbanded in March 2002 under the Royal Navy ' s " Fleet First " reorganization .
Milan ( camp ) Milan was a post World War II displaced person camp in the city of Milan , one of the few such camps in a major Italian city . The city also served as the administrative centre for refugees in northern Italy . The camp housed 1 , 100 Jewish refugees , many of whom came from Austria along the illegal emigration routes organised by the Bricha . Milan placed more emphasis on education than the nearby Adriatica camp , setting up a secular school and a " yeshiva " religious school , and sharing kosher beef with the camp at Cremona .
ServSoWesPac ServSoWesPac was the approved U . S . Navy abbreviation or acronym for Service Force , Southwest Pacific Area . Areas of responsibility . This command was instituted during World War II and was responsible for providing the U . S . Navy in the southern portion of the Pacific with services , such as food , equipment , minesweeping , ship and aircraft repair , towing and escort services , etc . The northern part of the Pacific was the responsibility of ComServPac . Command head . The commander of ServSoWesPac was ComServSoWesPac . Example of use . See " Turkey " ( AM - 13 )
Peter A . Porter ( colonel ) Peter Augustus Porter ( July 14 , 1827 – June 3 , 1864 ) was a Union Army colonel in the American Civil War . He died in the Battle of Cold Harbor . Early life . Porter was born in Black Rock , New York , the only son of Yale lawyer Peter Buell Porter who was a military leader in the War of 1812 . He graduated from Harvard , studied at Heidelberg and Berlin , and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1857 . He also authored plays , poems , and essays . Porter married his cousin Mary Cabell Breckinridge in 1852 and had a son named Peter Augustus Porter . Civil War . Porter was a member of the New York State Assembly ( Niagara Co . , 2nd D . ) in 1862 , and was appointed colonel of the 129th New York State Volunteers on July 7 , 1862 . The 129th New York State Volunteer Regiment was renamed the 8th New York Heavy Artillery and Porter was appointed Colonel . These units generally guarded the forts around Washington , D . C . and participated in parades used to increase morale in the city in the time of war . However , they were also trained to be used as infantry if necessary . Porter was nominated for New York Secretary of State on September 5 , 1863 , but declined due to his dedication to the military campaign of Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant , saying that his neighbors had entrusted him with the lives of their sons and he could not leave them while the war lasted . In May 1864 , Porter was ordered by Grant to go to Virginia to join the fighting in the south . Porter was killed on June 3 , 1864 , leading a charge at Cold Harbor , Virginia . Six bullets were found in his body , and during a rain storm on the night of Cold Harbor ' s second day , five men of the 8th NYHA ( Sgt . Leroy Williams , Galen S . Hicks , John Duff , Walter Harwood , Samuel Traviss and John Heany ) brought Porter ' s body into the US lines . For his participation in recovering Col . Porter ' s body , Sgt . Williams was later awarded the Medal of Honor . Porter was carried to Baltimore , Maryland , to be met by a military escort and carried to the Episcopal Church where he used to attend services when he lived in that city , and there placed in the chancel draped in the flag of his country . Chaplain De La Matyr accompanied Porter ' s body back to Niagara Falls . Services for Porter were held at St . Peter ' s Episcopal Church , led by Reverend Dr . Shelton , an Episcopal minister and the same that had given the same last rites to his father , his mother , and his wife . Following the funeral services at the church , his remains were carried to his final resting place in Oakwood Cemetery ( Niagara Falls , NY ) .
AI . 24 Foxhunter The AI . 24 ( Foxhunter ) airborne radar is carried by the Panavia Tornado ADV fighter aircraft ( known as the Tornado F3 in Royal Air Force service ) and gives it an all - weather , day and night , beyond - visual - range engagement capability . Production . The radar was manufactured by GEC - Marconi subsidiaries and other partners , with major parts from Ferranti . Despite initial problems , ( the radar was several years late and 60 percent over budget ) successive upgrades constantly improved the Royal Air Force ' s Tornado F3 fleet . While the aircraft is not a " true " air defence fighter in the mould of the F - 15 and F - 16 , the RAF has developed tactics to exploit its long range engagement capabilities and to guard against its weaknesses . Development . Much of the radar system and related operational software was developed at the Radar Research Laboratory of GEC - Marconi Elliott Avionic Systems Ltd . , initially at the Elliott Automation plant in Borehamwood , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom , and latterly ( from 1981 to 2004 ) as Marconi Avionics at the ( formerly the Xerox site of a matrix of interconnected grey portacabins and a few factory units ) facility on Monks Way , Linford Wood , Milton Keynes . This site has changed completely in the years since , but there is now a Foxhunter Drive starting where the high security gate was . History . The radar was flight tested on a Hawker Siddeley Buccaneer and first flew in a Tornado F . 2 in June 1981 . Contractual relationships . In 1987 GEC argued that the contractual relationships were partly to blame for the delay in the Foxhunter entering service – although GEC was responsible for most of the radar , Ferranti manufactured the transmitter and reported to the Ministry of Defence who acted as the prime contactor . A new contract was signed in March 1988 and described as " tight " ( i . e . not lenient towards Marconi ) by the " Financial Times " . Production delays . Production Tornado F . 2s had concrete ballast in place of the Foxhunter radar , due to the problems . This ballast became known as the " Blue Circle radar " , a play on words from a British brand of concrete by the same name , and the Rainbow Codes previously used for British radars . The UK ' s Tornado F3 fleet were ultimately equipped with " Stage 3 AI . 24s " .
M224 mortar The M224 60 mm Lightweight Mortar is a smooth bore , muzzle - loading , high - angle - of - fire weapon used for close - in support of ground troops . Description . The M224 system is composed of the The mount consists of a bipod and a base plate , which is provided with screw type elevating and traversing mechanisms to elevate / traverse the mortar . The M64A1 sight unit is attached to the bipod mount . The mortar can be fired in the conventional mode or the handheld mode . This smooth - bore system can be gravity - fired or fired by using a manual spring - loaded firing system . It is typically fielded at the infantry company level . History . The M225 LWCMS ( Lightweight Company Mortar System ) replaced the older ( WWII - era ) 60 mm M2 Mortar and M19 Mortar . These weapons only had an effective range of . While the M224 was designed to fire all types of the older ammunition , its primary rounds are of the newer , longer - range type that range out to . In 2011 , an improved M224A1 version was brought into service . The M224A1 consists of the M225A1 tube , M170A1 bipod assembly , M7A1 baseplate , M8 auxiliary baseplate and the M64A1 sight unit . By reducing the number of components and using lighter materials , such as aluminium and Kevlar reinforced composites , the mortar system weighs 20 % less with a reduction of . The US Army plans to replace all legacy M224s with the new M224A1 . Concurrently , a lighter version of the 81mm M252 mortar is being developed . Ammunition . The M224 Mortar can fire the following principal classifications of training and service ammunition : Fuses . The M224 rounds have three fuse types : The Multioption Fuze ( M734 ) and the Point - Detonating Fuze ( M525 ) , and Timer . The M734 is used for the M720 HE round and can be set to function as proximity burst , near - surface burst , impact burst , or delay burst .
Reed ' s Regiment of Militia Reed ' s Regiment of Militia also known as the 6th Middlesex County Militia Regiment was called up at Littleton and Westford , Massachusetts on September 27 , 1777 as reinforcements for the Continental Army during the Saratoga Campaign . The regiment marched quickly to join the gathering forces of General Horatio Gates as he faced British General John Burgoyne in northern New York . The regiment served in General Briskett ' s brigade of Massachusetts militia . With the surrender of Burgoyne ' s Army on October 17 , the regiment was disbanded on November 9 , 1777 .
USS Aggressor ( AMc - 64 ) USS " Aggressor " ( AMc - 64 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Aggressor " was laid down at Greenport , Long Island , New York , on 15 April 1941 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Company as " Alliance " ( AMc - 64 ) ; renamed " Aggressor " on 23 May 1941 ; launched on 19 July 1941 ; sponsored by Mrs . Arthur M . Van De Water ; and placed in service at the New York Navy Yard on 24 October 1941 , Lt . ( jg . ) P . C . Cherry , USNR , in charge . World War II service . The coastal minesweeper completed fitting out at Brooklyn , New York , and , at the end of the first week in November , moved south to Norfolk , Virginia . For the next 31 months , " Aggressor " served with the minesweeping and patrol forces attached to the 5th Naval District . Near the middle of May 1944 , she was reassigned to the 1st Naval District and operated from the naval frontier base located at Portland , Maine . In June 1945 , " Aggressor " returned south to Norfolk but remained there only until late July at which time she moved farther south to Charleston , South Carolina . " Aggressor " remained at that port until placed out of service on 28 December 1945 . Post - war deactivation . " Aggressor ’ s " name was struck from the Navy list on 21 January 1946 , and she was sold on 3 March 1947 to Mr . Lloyd Lambert , of Baltimore , Maryland , for scrapping .
Gregory Pterotos Gregory Pterotos ( ) was a Byzantine general and relative of Emperor Leo V the Armenian ( r . 813 – 820 ) , who took part in the rebellion of Thomas the Slav against Leo ' s murderer , Michael II the Amorian ( r . 820 – 829 ) . Biography . A relative ( possibly a nephew ) of Leo V the Armenian , Gregory had served as a " strategos " ( general and military governor of a theme ) under Leo , but neither of the main sources ( Genesios , Theophanes Continuatus , Skylitzes ) mention any details . The historian Gustave Schlumberger identified him with a " strategos " of Macedonia known through a contemporary seal , while Warren Treadgold theorized that Gregory may have served as Count of the Opsician Theme , which was the Asian theme closest to Constantinople and hence of particular importance for the stability of the regime . On Christmas Day 820 , Leo was murdered by the supporters of his long - time friend , Michael the Amorian , who succeeded him on the throne . When presented to the new emperor to swear his allegiance , a few days later , Gregory was overcome with emotion and began abusing Michael for his supporters ' acts , implying his own involvement . Michael initially appeared conciliatory , and even said that he understood Gregory ' s feelings , but two days later , he had him arrested and exiled to the island of Skyros in the central Aegean Sea . He was soon released by the supporters of Thomas the Slav , who had risen up in revolt against Michael and rallied most of the themes of Asia Minor to his side . Gregory readily joined Thomas ' s revolt , and was entrusted with the command of over 10 , 000 troops . Gregory commanded Thomas ' s fleet in the assaults on Constantinople , attempting without success to scale the seaward walls of the city along the Golden Horn : in the first assault , in December 821 , the fleet was hindered by the weather from playing any part in the attack , but in the second assault in spring 822 , his fleet was decisively defeated by the imperial fleet loyal to Michael . This setback demoralized Thomas ' s supporters , and was especially damaging for Gregory as the main naval commander . In addition , Michael held his wife and children hostage in Constantinople , so that Gregory took up contact with the emperor and resolved to desert Thomas along with a small group of loyal followers . He departed the rebel camp and headed west , sending a monk to inform Michael of his defection , but the monk failed to circumvent the blockade and reach the capital . Upon learning of this defection , Thomas reacted quickly : with a select detachment , he followed Gregory , defeated his troops , and killed him .
USS Tickler The USS " Tickler " was a one gun dispatch sloop used as a bomb ketch by the United States Navy . Purchased in August 1812 , she weighed fifty tons , but further dimensions and its builder are not known . " Tickler " was captured by the British in the Battle of Lake Borgne and returned after the war . She was sold in New Orleans in 1818 .
British Forces Foundation The British Forces Foundation is a British Charity , reg no 1075109 The foundation was launched in May 1999 by comedian Jim Davidson to support the well being of the members of Britains armed forces though the provision of high quality entertainment . The Prince of Wales is the patron , and former Prime Minister Baroness Thatcher is President . Jim Davidson remains Vice President . The Charity stages shows for the forces at home , and in combat zones , and also stages frequent fund - raising events including a polo tournament , and an annual fund - raising auction . Among the stars to have recently worked with the BFF are Matt Lucas and David Walliams , Ray Winstone , Johnny Vaughan , Katherine Jenkins James Blunt , and Jimmy Carr . In June 2009 Paralympic Gold Medalist Dame Tanni Grey - Thompson visited Headley Court Rehabilitation Centre with the BFF to speak with injured service personnel . See also . Services Sound and Vision Corporation
No . 193 Squadron RAF No . 193 Squadron RAF was a fighter squadron of the Royal Air Force during World War II . History . No . 193 Squadron was formed at RAF Harrowbeer , Devon on 18 December 1942 as a fighter / ground attack unit . Although designated to operate the new Hawker Typhoon , the squadron at first used the Hawker Hurricane until the Typhoon was declared operational in April 1943 . In November 1943 the squadron was used to attack the German V - 1 launch sites . The squadron then moved base in the south of England a number of times supporting the build up for invasion . From the 6 June 1944 the squadron was busy supporting the invasion force in the close - support fighter - bomber role . It was based on the Continent from 11 September 1944 as it continued to support the advancing armies in France , Belgium and Germany . The squadron disbanded on 31 August 1945 at Hildesheim . Trivia . Some of the squadron ' s Typhoon aircraft were paid for by the Brazilian branch of the Fellowship of the Bellows , which were a loosely organised international groups formed during World War II to collect funds for the purchase of aircraft for the Royal Air Force .
Reconnaissance Projects There were three Greek letter special forces Reconnaissance Projects formed by the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam , MACV during the Vietnam War to collect operational intelligence in remote areas of South Vietnam . Mission . Their mission include operational and strategic reconnaissance into long held Vietcong areas and direct air strikes on them , they were also to conduct bomb damage assessment , conduct small scale reconnaissance and hunter - killer operations , capture and interrogate VC / NVA tap communications , bug compounds and offices , rescue downed aircrew and prisoners of war , emplace point minefields and other booby traps , conduct Psychological Operations , and perform counter intelligence operations . They were to focus on base areas and infiltration routes in the border areas . Operations . These missions were carried out by small US Special Forces and native personnel reconnaissance teams and Roadrunner teams posing as the VC . Battalion sized Reaction Forces were assigned to each project with their mission being to assist in the extraction of a compromised team and also to conduct raids and other economy of force type operations . The Projects . There were three Greek Letter reconnaissance Projects :
Alfred Vetter Alfred Paul Johannes Vetter ( 24 May 1923 – 15 May 1984 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Kriegsmarine during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .