naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
SM UB - 81 SM " UB - 81 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 18 September 1917 as SM " UB - 81 " . " UB - 81 " was sunk 2 December 1917 by a mine at , 29 crew members died in the event . Construction . " UB - 81 " was ordered by the GIN on 23 September 1916 and her keel was laid down on 5 January 1917 . She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction , launched at Bremen on 4 August 1917 . " UB - 81 " was commissioned later that same year under the command of Reinhold Saltzwedel . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 81 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 81 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 81 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged . On the night of 30 November / 1 December 1917 she torpedoed and sank the 3 , 218 ton British steamer " Molesey " 12 miles west - south - west of the Brighton Light Vessel . Fate . " UB - 81 " struck a mine on the night of 2 December 1917 to the south - east of the Isle of Wight . The crew of 34 , commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Reinhold Saltzwedel , managed to raise the forward torpedo tubes above the surface and seven crewmen escaped before a collision occurred with a British patrol boat and she sank . She now lies at ( ) OSGB at 28 metres . The wreck is designated as a controlled site under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 and therefore all diving on her is strictly prohibited .
Tullichewan Tullichewan is a former estate in the Vale of Leven , near Loch Lomond , Scotland . Tullichewan Castle was built in 1792 and demolished in 1954 . It was located on the western edge of Alexandria , close to the present route of the A82 . History . Originally called Tuloch Eoghain , " the hill of Eoghan . " In the 17th century it was acquired by the Colquhoun family , and was known as Tully - Colquhoun or Tillyquhoun ; and then Tullichewan . The Tullichewan estate was sold by the Colquhoun clan to James Buchanan in 1792 . Tullichewan Castle was designed in 1792 by architect Robert Lugar , who also designed Balloch Castle . It is the first example in Scotland of an asymmetrical Gothic house . The Horrocks family purchased the castle in 1817 , living there until 1843 . The estate was then sold to William Campbell of J & W Campbell , Glasgow merchants and remained in the Campbell family until the twentieth century . The last owner was J Scott Anderson who acquired the house around 1930 . At the outbreak of World War II , Tullichewan Castle Estate was requisitioned by the Royal Navy , who retained it for the rest of the war . Tullichewan Castle Camp was put to various uses . ( this represents a distortion of the facts because the site was a residence of the American army ( Marines ) during the war . Following the war it was used as housing for returning soldiers and local families who previously stayed with their own families and not for the Royal Navy factory workers ( this was verified by living residents of Alexandria as we speak ) ) . After the war , it was used as accommodation for workers at the Royal Naval Torpedo Factory in Alexandria . After the war , Mr J Scott Anderson returned to live in the castle , until its upkeep became too much . The castle then lay abandoned until it was finally demolished by explosives in 1954 . Although modern development has consumed most of the former estate , and little remains , a number of remnants are reported to have survived . The A82 dual carriageway and the A811 road were built through the grounds , with housing developments and the Vale of Leven Hospital covering the estate . The former stables and a fragment of the original tower can still be seen from the A82 . The north lodge , or gatehouse , has been lost in the area of Tullichewan Caravan Park , where the estate also had a walled orchard . The south lodge can still be found on Main Street , Alexandria , north of the entrance to Christie Park . Of the Camp , no trace remains .
John Clark ( spy ) Maj . John Clark was an American spy for George Washington , primarily responsible for running the intelligence network in and around Philadelphia during the British occupation of that city during the American Revolutionary War . Clark was responsible for operating one the most notable spy rings organized and run by the Continental Army during the war , one which prevented the destruction of Washington ' s army at least three different times . He originally came to the attention of George Washington during the evacuation of Long Island and Manhattan . He had been used to travel across Long Island Sound and scout troop movements on Long Island . His most important assignment occurred during the period September to December 1777 when despite a serious injury to his shoulder he was asked by Washington to obtain information about General Howe ' s activities in Philadelphia . He set up a group of informants and couriers and sent 30 detailed reports to Washington that allowed the Continental Army to react to British movements . He even set up a hoax and offered to inform on the Americans to General Howe . Howe who decided to accept his offer from this Quaker Loyalist under a false name offered him rewards . His courier who delivered the messages walked around Philadelphia acquiring a lot of information . When Washington learned of this hoax he prepared a false report of the Continental Army ' s strengths and planned movements . This was delivered to Howe . In December with his wound still not healed and having not seen his wife in over a year he asked Washington to be released . Washington , thankful of his service , agreed and introduced him to Henry Laurens , who gave him a desk job as auditor of Army expenses . He never did release names of informants or couriers and sank into respectable obscurity .
Castle of Biar The Castle of Biar stands on a hillock overlooking the town of Biar , in the comarca of Alt Vinalopó ( Valencian Community , Spain ) . History . During the Muslim rule had already news but few of the fortress , which began to be relevant to the time of James I of Aragon , remain as border castle under the Treaty of Almizra . The building lost its role during the early modern period and , although rarely used , after was used as a cemetery . It was declared a Monumento Nacional in 1931 and is in the call Route of the Castles of Vinalopó . Structure . The castle was built in stone with masonry and rammed earth , which was used for the tower of homage . The building consists of two parts . On the one hand , a semicircular enclosure with four towers at the corners thereof , and on the other , a space with four cubic structures and the tower of homage . These towers and other structures are the basic defenses of the castle , and its position high on a rocky hill , the proliferation of small openings in its walls and battlements auction . The tower of homage is the highlight of the architectural complex . Of 12th century , is situated on one side and reaches a height of 17 meters . Its plan is square shaped and has three floors , acquiring such an enormous importance . On the lower floor is used the called barrel vault and the other levels , second and third , use the Almohad ribbed vault which , together with those of the neighboring Castle of Villena , are among the oldest in Spain and throughout the Maghreb , as well as the only used in a military building in the Iberian Peninsula .
The Sun Military Awards The " Sun " Military Awards is an annual awards ceremony which honours members of the British armed forces and civilians involved with the forces . The Millies were created by His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales . The awards are organised and sponsored by " The Sun " newspaper . During the televised ceremony , awards known as " Millies " are given out . The awards and their recipients are chosen by a select panel of ten judges , made up of national figures and military chiefs . Nominees of all but one of the categories are selected by the general public , with the remaining category winner chosen by the judges . 2008 . The 2008 Millies were presented by Tess Daley and it aired on Sky One . Awards . The following Millies were awarded : 2009 . The 2009 Millies took place on 15 December , and were broadcast on ITV on Monday 21 December at 9pm . The judges included John Terry , Jeremy Clarkson , Kelly Holmes , Ross Kemp and four ex - Service chiefs . 2010 . The 2010 Millies were televised on ITV1 , on 20 December 2010 . The event was held on 15 December at the Imperial War Museum , London . 2012 . The 2012 Millies were televised on ITV1 , on 15 December 2012 at 9 . 00pm and were hosted by Amanda Holden and Phillip Schofield .
Shell scrape A Shell scrape ( also referred to as a shallow grave or ranger grave ) is a type of military earthwork long and deep enough to lie flat in . While similar to a Defensive fighting position in that the purpose is to shield a single soldier from artillery , mortar and direct small arms fire , it is not intended to be used for fighting from . Shell scrapes are generally hastily excavated manually ( i . e . with immediately available means such as the entrenching tool ) , and are temporary constructions . They are shallow , and large enough to accommodate at least a single soldier lying down or kneeling . In some situations they can be dug to accommodate two soldiers and their equipment . For protection from the elements a poncho is often tied off / staked out at the edges or bungeed to a nearby tree . This way a soldier can sleep in his shell scrape more comfortably with cover overhead . Shell scrapes offer better concealment than traditional trap bivouacs because the majority of the soldier ' s body mass is below ground level . This catches their body heat , making them harder to spot with thermal imagers . A properly prepared shell scrape should be deep enough that the soldier ' s entire body is beneath the level of the surrounding ground , thereby offering protection from both direct - and indirect - fire weapons . They provide little protection against indirect fire that bursts in the air or among the trees , though .
144 Squadron , Republic of Singapore Air Force The 144 Squadron " Blackite " of the Republic of Singapore Air Force is a fighter - bomber squadron based at Paya Lebar Air Base , the squadron goes by the motto " " Dare To Excel " " with the Black Kite adopted as its mascot . History . 144 Squadron was formed in 1979 as one of the RSAF ' s fighter squadrons operating in the interceptor role , catapulting the RSAF into the supersonic era upon delivery of the original F - 5E / F Tiger . The squadron initially operated the supersonic F - 5E / F Tiger II fighter aircraft , but has been operating the locally modified & improved F - 5S / T Tiger - IIs fighter aircraft since the early 1990s , these were retrofitted with new state - of - the - art avionics giving the aircraft capability of carrying out both Air - to Air and Air - to - Ground missions . Achievements . The squadron clinch the coveted Best Fighter Squadron award ( Singapore Armed Forces Best Unit Competition ) in 2005 , 2009 it last won the title in 1995 . It is regarded by many as the best fighter squadron in the RSAF , having dominated many local and international exercises . Operating the oldest fighter platform in the RSAF obart requires superior skills , capabilitiy and professionalism , thus the squadron handpicks the top pilot graduates to join the team . Mascot . The Blackite is 144 Squadron ' s adopted mascot . The Squadron ' s “ Dare to Excel ” motto amplifies the Blackite character ; a mysterious bird that is unpredictable and deadly , but strikes her prey with precision and readiness at all times . Coupled with team excellence , perseverance , dedication and professionalism , the men and women of 144 Squadron Team Blackites do “ Dare to Excel ” .
Battle of Añaquito After his unheard claims as governor of New Castile ( Peru ) following the death of his brother , Gonzalo Pizarro pressed claims to be recognized as the ruler of the land he and his brothers had conquered . After the arrival of appointed royal viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela in 1544 , Gonzalo succeeded to have him repelled and sent to Panama in chains . He was released , however , and returned to Peru by sea while Gonzalo was mustering an army . The two met on January 18 at Añaquito in the outskirts of Quito , present - day capital of Ecuador , where the superiority of the Nueva Castilla army ensured victory for Gonzalo . Blasco Núñez Vela reportedly fought bravely but fell as a victim in battle and was later decapitated on the field of defeat , a fate Gonzalo himself would share two years later at Jaquijahuana .
Henry Thompson ( Medal of Honor ) Henry Thompson was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . Thompson joined the Navy and by June 27 , 1878 , was serving at the rank of seaman . At Mare Island , California , that day , he rescued a man from drowning , for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor . Thompson ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For rescuing a man from drowning at Mare Island , Calif . , 27 June 1878 .
USS Sea Otter II ( IX - 53 ) USS " Sea Otter II " was a ship of the United States Navy during World War II . Launched on 23 August 1941 by the Levingston Shipbuilding in Orange , Texas . , sponsored by Mrs . Eads Johnson , wife of the designer , she was acquired by the US Navy on 26 September 1941 and placed in service on 26 October 1941 . Service history . " Sea Otter II " proceeded to the Charleston Navy Yard on 26 October 1941 , arriving on 2 November . After completion of voyage repairs , " Sea Otter II " got underway for sea trials on 4 November . Constructed during the height of enemy submarine attacks along the Atlantic coast , " Sea Otter II " was designed to allow torpedo es to pass beneath her shallow draft . The draft , however , proved to be almost twice the amount expected , and her 16 unmuffled gasoline engines would be noisy enough to alert any submarine in the area . Consequently , " Sea Otter II " , like her predecessor , the 80 - foot shallow draft , was destined for little use . She remained at Charleston until being placed out of service on 28 May 1942 . On 26 June , she was transferred to the War Shipping Administration , subsequently transferred to Cargoes Incorporated , and struck from the Navy list on 8 May 1946 .
Wolf pack Endrass Endrass was a " wolfpack " of German U - boat s that operated from 12 to 17 June 1942 in attacking Convoy HG - 84 that comprised 23 Allied ships . The group was named after the U - boat commander Engelbert Endrass , who had been killed in action in December 1941 . Ships hit by this Wolfpack . Five ships of Convoy HG 84 , assembled at Gibraltar for passage to Liverpool , were sunk , all by the U - boat " U - 552 " in the early hours of 15 June . Etrib , Pelayo & Slemdal . The first attack came at 00 : 59 , about west of Corunna , Spain , when " U - 552 " fired torpedoes at the convoy and hit and sank the 1 , 943 ton British merchant ship " Etrib " , the 1 , 346 ton British merchant ship " Pelayo " , and the 7 , 374 ton Norwegian tanker " Slemdal " . " City of Oxford " and " Thurso " . " U - 552 " struck again at 04 : 34 , firing three torpedoes at the convoy . Two British merchant ships , the 2 , 759 ton and the 2 , 436 ton were hit and sunk .
USS Murrelet ( AM - 372 ) USS " Murrelet " ( AM - 372 ) was an acquired by the United States Navy to removed mines from minefields laid to prevent ships from passing . She was the only U . S . Navy ship named for the murrelet , a small sea bird found chiefly on islands in the northern Pacific Ocean . " Murrelet " was laid down 29 August 1944 by the Savannah Machine & Foundry Co . , Savannah , Georgia ; launched 29 December 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . W . L . Mingledorff ; and commissioned 21 August 1945 , Lt . Comdr . John E . ( " Jack " ) Wagstaff in command . Service history . Post - World War II operations . Following shakedown off Virginia , " Murrelet " departed Little Creek , Virginia , and steamed for Japan , arriving Sasebo on 14 January 1946 . She engaged in sweeping operations in Japanese and Korean waters until 22 April , when she steamed for the west coast . " Murrelet " was decommissioned on 20 June 1946 , and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at San Diego . Korean War . After hostilities broke out in Korea , " Murrelet " recommissioned 28 October 1950 . She reported to COMINRON 5 for extensive minesweeping training at Long Beach , California , 6 March 1951 . She arrived Yokosuka , Japan , in August 1951 to aid United Nations forces meeting the challenge of Communist aggression . Departing Yokosuka on 21 August , she sailed to Korea , participating in operations north of Wonsan , in the Hungnam , Songjin , and Chongjin areas . She resumed shelling and sweeping operations at Songjin on 27 November 1951 , after returning from a period of yard duty at Yokosuka . She continued sweeping and patrol duties off Korea in 1952 , capturing and destroying enemy sampans , until July , when she returned to the west coast . " Murrelet " started a second tour of duty off Korea in April 1953 , returning to Long Beach , California , in December . Redesignated MSF - 372 , 7 February 1955 , she continued to operate off the west coast of the United States , except for a third WestPac deployment that year . She decommissioned 14 March 1957 , and was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet , at Columbia City , Oregon . Struck from the Naval Register on 1 December 1964 , she was transferred in June 1965 to the Philippine Navy under the Foreign Military Assistance Program , and served as BRP Rizal ( PS - 74 ) . Awards . " Murrelet " received five battle stars for Korean service .
Brian Burridge Air Chief Marshal Sir Brian Kevin Burridge KCB , CBE , ADC , FCMI , FRAeS ( b . 1949 in Maidstone , United Kingdom ) is a retired Royal Air Force officer . A former Nimrod pilot , Burridge was in overall command of British forces under Operation Telic during the 2003 invasion of Iraq . RAF career . Brian Burridge joined the Royal Air Force as a university cadet ( as a member of Cambridge University Air Squadron ) being commissioned into the Royal Air Force on 24 September 1967 . He was a pilot with operational background in the maritime patrol role , serving on Nos 206 and 120 Squadrons . Burridge was promoted to the rank of pilot officer on 15 July 1970 , to flying officer on 15 January 1971 , flight lieutenant on 13 April 1972 to squadron leader on 1 July 1979 and to wing commander on 1 July 1985 . In 1986 he attended the Royal Naval Staff College and then later that year went on to command the Nimrod Operational Conversion Unit . Promoted to group captain in 1990 , he became officer commanding RAF Kinloss . From 1992 he served in the Ministry of Defence , initially as Deputy Director of Force Doctrine ( RAF ) and later becoming the Director of Force Development in the Central Staff before being made Principal Staff Officer to the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1994 in the rank of air commodore . In 1997 he attended the Cabinet Office Top Management Programme and then later in the year became a Defence Fellow at King ' s College London . In 1998 he attended the Higher Command and Staff Course being promoted to air vice - marshal on 1 July 1998 . In January 2000 he became Commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College , subsequently moving the College into a Public Private Partnership at Shrivenham . On 12 February 2002 , Burridge was promoted to air marshal and appointed Deputy Commander - in - Chief , Strike Command , Burridge served as air aide - de - camp to Queen Elizabeth II from 31 July 2003 , to 17 January 2006 , and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath " for gallant and distinguished services whilst on operations in Iraq during the period 19 March to 19 April 2003 " on 31 October 2003 . In June 2003 , Burridge appeared before the Commons Defence Select Committee , telling MPs of delays in distributing equipment to troops in Iraq and of his role in vetoing potentially controversial air strikes while he was in command in Iraq . Burridge retired on 18 January 2006 at the rank of air chief marshal though his commission in the reserve was extended to January 2015 . On 8 December 2009 , Burridge gave evidence to The Iraq Inquiry . Interests . In 2005 Air Marshal Burridge was president of the RAF Mountaineering Association and a trustee of the Windsor Leadership Trust . Burridge sat as chair of the Bentley Priory Battle of Britain Trust and was present at the facility ' s closing ceremony in 2007 . He attained a Master ' s Degree in business administration from the Open University .
USS Rhea ( AMc - 58 ) USS " Rhea " ( AMc - 58 ) was a coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . The first ship to be named " Rhea " by the Navy , " AMc - 58 " was laid down as a wooden purse - seiner , Hull No . 250 , by the Martinolich Shipbuilding Co . ; purchased on the ways by the Navy 31 December 1940 and designated " AMc - 58 " ; named " Rhea " , 5 March 1941 ; launched 9 August 1941 ; sponsored by Miss Marjorie Strong ; and placed in service 15 October 1941 . World War II service . Fitted out at San Diego , California , " Rhea " , equipped with acoustical , magnetic , and " O " - type gear , remained on the U . S . West Coast , at San Francisco , California , until she sailed west in early March 1942 to assume duties in the 14th Naval District . Arriving at Pearl Harbor 11 March , she operated in Hawaiian waters until she returned to San Diego after the end of World War II . Placed out of service 22 January 1946 , she was struck from the Navy list 7 February 1946 ; released to the Maritime Commission 30 December 1947 , and , subsequently , sold to Demiter J . Callian .
Guo Huaruo Guo Huaruo ( ) was a military strategist from China . Alastair Iain Johnston , author of " Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China , " said that until the mid - 1980s Guo was " the CCP ' s most authoritative interpreter and annotator " of the book " The Art of War " by Sun Tzu . Samuel B . Griffith , a translator of " The Art of War " , wrote in the introduction of his edition that Guo was " practically unknown in the West " . Johnson said ' Guo stressed that from a Marxist - Leninist perspective the notion of " not fighting and subduing the enemy " ' — the core of the conventional interpretation of Sun Zi — was un - Marxist , since class enemies could not be credibly defeated without the application of violence . ' Around June 4 , 1937 , Guo was the dean of studies of Qingyang Infantry School . Works . Guo wrote " A Preliminary Study of Sun Tzu ' s Art of War " or " Sun Tzu Ping Fa Ch ' u Pu Yen Chiu " ( T : 孫子兵法初步研究 , S : 孙子兵法初步研究 , P : " Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ Chūbù Yánjiū " ) , which was completed in 1939 . It was used as a military textbook in areas controlled by Communists . The book says " The position Kuo has now enjoyed as a leading military theoretician seems to date from that period . " By 1971 , Guo ' s latest edition of " The Art of War " was " A Modern Translation with New Chapter Arrangement of Sun Tzu ' s ʻArt of Warʼ " or " Chin I Hsin P ' en Sun Tzu Ping Fa " ( T : 今譯新編孫子兵法 , S : 今译新编孙子兵法 , P : " Jīnyì Xīn Biān Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ " ) . In this edition , Guo rearranged the material , used Simplified Chinese , and phrased Sun Tzu ' s verses in colloquial Chinese .