naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine The Kriegsmarine was the navy of Nazi Germany prior to and during World War II . Kriegsmarine uniform design followed that of the preexisting Reichsmarine , itself based on that of the 1st World War Kaiserliche Marine . Kriegsmarine styles of uniform and insignia had many features in common with those of other European navies , all derived from the British Royal Navy of the 19th century , such as officers ' frock coats , sleeve braid , and the " sailor suit " uniform for enlisted personnel and petty officers . Basic structure . The basic structure of Kriegsmarine uniforms and insignia was divided into 5 categories of personnel : Uniform design . The uniform for an enlisted sailor consisted of a jacket , a pair of trousers , a white and a blue shirt , matching collars edged with three stripes , a silk neckerchief , grey gloves and a cap with two ribbons . An officer wore a midnight - blue double - breasted jacket with ten brass buttons and a matching peaked cap . U - boat personnel also wore jackets and overtrousers of brown or grey leather . As an unwritten rule , the captain of a U - boat wore a white peaked cap . When U - boats were at sea , there were few dress restrictions . Full uniforms were typically worn on departure from and return to base , but due to the cramped and humid conditions , U - boat crews wore more comfortable civilian clothing on patrol . These included seaman ' s jumpers and sleeveless shirts . Lookouts wore oilskins and sou ' wester s on duty . A grey - brown denim " battle - dress " uniform was also worn on patrol , the original issue being from British uniform stocks abandoned at Dunkirk . Ranks of Petty Officers and Seamen . Petty Officers and Seaman used a rating system similar to other European navies of the day as well as standard titles of rank . Basic sailors were known as " Matrose " , while technical specialists were known by the title " Maat " . Rating badges in the form of a small patch worn on the upper sleeve indicated the particular specialty of the sailor in question . The enlistment system of the German Navy was designed to differentiate between those sailors wishing to make the Navy a career and those simply completing a standard tour of enlistment . Those who were drafted , or who had no aspirations to become Petty Officers , became Matrosengefreiter ( litererally " Seaman Lance Corporals " ) . Special grades existed for six and eight years of service , denoted by sleeve chevrons . Awards and decorations . Members of the Kriegsmarine were eligible for all Third Reich military awards as well as certain war badges and medals specific to the Kriegsmarine . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross was a standard award for highly successful U - boat commanders .
Hans von Dellingshausen Hans von Dellingshausen ( 1641 – 1705 ) was a Swedish statesman and soldier . Between 1698 and 1705 , he served as the Governor of Halland County . He was born in Gothenburg , named after a great - uncle from Reval ( Tallinn ) in Estonia on March 24 , 1641 . He left Sweden at age 15 and became a musketeer in the French guards by 1660 . In 1663 he had advanced to corporal at French cavalry regiment and fought in the Portuguese Restoration War . He was one of the fighting French soldiers on the Iberian peninsula under the command of Frederick Schomberg , 1st Duke of Schomberg .
Battle of Trekkopjes The Battle of Trekkopjes on 26 April 1915 was a German assault on the South African held town of Trekkopje s during the South - West Africa Campaign of World War I . The South African Major Skinner had been ordered to defend Trekkopjes , and came into contact with a German column advancing on that town . Skinner withdrew back into Trekkopjes and dug in his forces . The German attack was repulsed with the help of armoured car s , leaving the South Africans victorious . The Battle of Trekkopjes saw the last German offensive in German South - West Africa leaving them on the defensive for the remainder of the campaign . Background . After losing significant ground to the South Africans under Botha , the German army under Franke in German Southwest Africa began preparations to go on the offensive again . By mid April it was decided to attack the South African held town of Trekkopjes , and a German scout plane had gathered intelligence of the South African forces holding the town . Battle . At 5 : 45 A . M . the Germans appeared close to Trekkopjes and blew the rail line to the east of the camp in an attempt to prevent Allied reinforcements from arriving . By 7 : 40 the Germans began their attack on the Allied positions by shelling the encampment ' s tents with artillery . Since Colonel Skinner ' s men lacked artillery they were unable to respond to the German shelling , and waited until the Germans assaulted their position . After five hours of fighting the South Africans forced the Germans to retreat by attacking their flanks with machine guns mounted in armoured cars . Aftermath . Though neither side suffered heavy casualties , the German defeat greatly demoralized Franke ' s men . For the rest of the campaign the Germans would stay on the defensive and were pushed further and further back until the main body finally surrendered a few months later after the Battle of Otavi .
First marshal of the empire First Marshal of the Empire ( Italian : " primo maresciallo dell ' impero " ) was a military rank established by the Italian parliament on March 30 , 1938 . The highest rank in the Italian military , it was only granted to King Victor Emmanuel III and " Duce " Benito Mussolini . The rank was abolished following World War II . Mussolini ' s decision to create for himself and the king a new military rank created a crisis between himself and Victor Emmanuel III . For the first time in the history of the House of Savoy , the Prime Minister of Italy bore a rank equal with that of the head of the royal house giving him a mortgage on the high command of the Italian armed forces , a power of the king under the provisions of " Statuto Albertino " .
USS Spruance ( DDG - 111 ) USS " Spruance " ( DDG - 111 ) is an " Arleigh Burke " - class guided missile destroyer currently in service with the United States Navy . She is the 61st ship in her class . Overview . " Spruance " is the second United States Navy ship ( the first being the USS " Spruance " ( DD - 963 ) to be named for Admiral Raymond A . Spruance ( 1886 – 1969 ) , who commanded American naval forces at the Battles of Midway and the Philippine Sea . He was later Ambassador to the Philippines . " Spruance " keel was laid down on 14 May 2009 . She was christened by the admiral ' s granddaughter , Ellen Spruance Holscher , on 5 June 2010 in Bath , Maine at Bath Iron Works , where the ship was built at a cost of $ 1 billion . The completed ship left Bath on 1 September 2011 for her commissioning in Key West , Florida before traveling to her home port of San Diego . " Spruance " is outfitted with the latest technology . She is the first of the U . S . Navy ' s destroyers to be fitted with the Gigabit Ethernet Data Multiplex System ( GEDMS ) , manufactured by the Boeing Company . GEDMS provides an Internet Protocol ( IP ) based backbone for video and data services on the ship . The bridge features touch screen controls and color readouts instead of gauges . Commissioning . USS " Spruance " ( DDG - 111 ) was commissioned on 1 October 2011 in Key West , Florida with Commander Tate Westbrook in command of the ship . Active duty . She sailed from San Diego on her maiden deployment on October 16 , 2013 , heading for Asia under the command of Commander George Kessler .
17th Special Operations Squadron The 17th Special Operations Squadron ( 17 SOS ) is part of the 353d Special Operations Group at Kadena Air Base , Japan . It operates MC - 130P Combat Shadow aircraft providing special operations capability . Air crews are specially trained in day and night , low - level delivery of troops and equipment via airdrop or airland operations and flying using night vision goggles . Mission . Deliver troops and equipment into denied areas during adverse weather conditions at night by airdrop or landing . History . The 17th flew antisubmarine patrols off west coast of US from , c . May – c . September 1942 then went on to fly combat missions in Southwest and Western Pacific from , 28 January 1944 – 25 July 1945 . The squadron was activated but unmanned from , 1952 – 1953 . It flew combat missions in Southeast Asia from , 1 June 1969 – 30 September 1971 . The 17th also aided in disaster relief missions in the Philippines , 16 – 31 July 1990 . Lineage . 17th Reconnaissance Squadron 17th Liaison Squadron 17th Special Operations Squadron
414th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) Night Fighters . The 1 - 414th Infantry Regiment is currently a Drill Sergeant Unit headquartered in Eugene , Oregon . Also known as the " Night Fighters " because the First Battalion 414th Infantry was well trained and an innovator in the newly implemented " night fighting " tactics of World War 2 . According to the book " " The Timberwolves : The Story of the 104th Infantry Division " " the 1 - 414th distinguished themselves when they crept through a forest to surprise the enemy on November 18 , 1944 . No longer part of the 104th Infantry Division aka " Timberwolves " the Battalion was reassigned to the 95th Division as part of the transformation of the Army Reserve from a strategic reserve to an operational reserve force . The 95th Infantry Division also known as " Iron Men of Metz " is primarily responsible for an " initial entry training " and was the purpose of assigning the 1 - 414th ' s Drill Sergeants to the 95th . In 2009 / 2010 elements of the 1 - 414th were mobilized to Fort Sill Oklahoma to conduct Basic Training for a period of one year thus continuing a long heritage of service to the United States during time of war . Symbolism . The shield is blue for Infantry . The dancette partition line represents the mountainous character of the State of Idaho from which state the personnel of the regiment were originally drawn . The wavy partition line represents Snake River , which runs across the southern and western portions of the state .
Landsman ( rank ) Landsman or Landman ( the latter being an older term ) was a military rank given to naval recruits . United Kingdom . In the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom in the middle of the 18th century ( c . 1757 ) , the term Landsman referred to a seaman with less than a year ' s experience at sea . After a year , the Landsman was usually promoted to the rank of Ordinary Seaman . Most were acquired by impressment ( a common method of recruitment from c . 1700 - 1815 ) . Landsmen were usually between the ages of 16 to 35 , while seasoned sailors ( who started as Ordinary Seamen ) could be impressed up to the ages of 50 to 55 depending on need . In 1853 , with the abolition of impressment after the passing of the Continuous Service Act , the rank ' s title was changed to Apprentice Seaman . The term Landsman evolved into a more formal rating for a seaman assigned to unskilled manual labor . United States of America . Landsman was the lowest rank of the United States Navy in the 19th and early 20th centuries ; it was given to new recruits with little or no experience at sea . Landsmen performed menial , unskilled work aboard ship . A Landsman who gained three years of experience or re - enlisted could be promoted to Ordinary Seaman . The rank existed from 1838 to 1921 .
Djiboutian Navy The Djiboutian Navy is responsible for the security of the entire coastline of Djibouti , more than 314 km , as well as the Djiboutian territorial waters . History . The Djiboutian Navy was launched two years after Djibouti gained its independence in 1977 . Initially it comprised the remnants of the Gendarmerie and was focused on port safety and traffic monitoring . The navy remains a relatively small force although has some potential and has benefited from the donation by the US in 2006 of five patrol ships with a range of 350 miles , which help protect its 314 km of coastline where smuggling and terrorism pose threats to the security of the nearby maritime environment . This is an area known to have considerable fish stocks , an important part of the diet of the indigenous population and which industry provides over 1 , 000 jobs for local people . The donation of these boats considerably increases the ability of the navy to project power over longer distances and to remain at sea for several days at a time . Co - operation with the Yemeni Navy is also increasing as the US and Yemen countries seek to protect and maintain the safety and security of the Sea Lanes of Communication ( SLOC ) . Djiboutian Navy in Combat . The Djiboutian Navy was active during the Djiboutian – Eritrean border conflict . On June 14 , 2008 , the " Somaliland Times " reported that a Djiboutian Navy Missile may have hit and sunk an Eritrean Navy Gun - Boat .
Fidel Dávila Arrondo Fidel Dávila Arrondo ( 24 April 1878 – 22 March 1962 ) was a Spanish Army officer during the Spanish Civil War . Born in Barcelona , as an infantry officer , he fought in Cuba during the Spanish - American War and received the Cruz del Mérito Militar . He later entered the General Staff of the Army . He was then promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to Spanish Morocco . In 1929 he was promoted to brigadier general and was assigned to the VII Military district . During the military reforms of Prime Minister Manuel Azaña , he solicited permission to go into the reserves and settled down in Burgos , from where he participated in the military conspiracy to overthrow the Popular Front government . On the night of the July 18 – 19 , 1936 he seized the civil government of Burgos . He was a member of the " Junta de Defensa Nacional " and president of the Technical Board of the State , the core of the future national government , as well as chief of staff of the Army . He participated in the War in the North resulting in the conquest of Biscay , Cantabria , and Asturias . He was named minister of National Defense in the first government of Francisco Franco ( February 1938 ) , at the same time he was promoted to lieutenant general . He organized the Aragon Offensive campaign to isolate Catalonia and participated in the campaign of the Maestrazgo , the Battle of the Ebro and the Catalonia Offensive resulting in the final conquest of that region . In August 1939 he received the post of captain - general of the II Military district and the headquarters of the general staff . In July 1945 he was designated minister of the Army and in 1949 he was named head of the government . In 1951 he was part of the Council of the Kingdom and president of the Geographic Superior Council . He died in Madrid in 1962 . Notes .
Franz Budka Franz Budka was an Obersturmführer in the Waffen - SS during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership during World War II . Franz Budka was born on 18 August 1920 , in Vienna . During World War II he was the commander of the 1st Company , SS Fortress Regiment 1 which was involved in the 82 day Siege of Breslau . Franz Budka positioned his men in the cellar of a destroyed building in Augusta Strasse . While the entire structure above them continued to burn , the men of Budkas company repelled many attacks inflicting heavy losses on the Red Army ( the temperature of the burning building approached 120 - 140 °C ) . The Red Army managed to take control of a building nearby and Budka launched an immediate attack against them , re - taking the building and inflicting heavy casualties on the Red Army soldiers , with only a few managing to escape . His company resisted every attack by the Red Army for which he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in April 1945 . He committed suicide during an attempted breakout from Breslau on 6 May 1945 , after being seriously wounded after stepping on a mine , he shot himself .
Horace Ellis Horace Ellis ( May 23 , 1843 – June 27 , 1867 ) served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Globe Tavern . Ellis was born in Mercer County , Pennsylvania . He joined the 7th Wisconsin Infantry from Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin in July 1861 . He was detailed to the 4th US Artillery Regiment from February 1863 to January 1864 . He was wounded at the Battle of White Oak Road , and mustered out in July 1865 . Ellis died in Eagle Point , Wisconsin , aged only 24 , and was buried in O ' Neil Creek Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : For extraordinary heroism on 21 August 1864 , while serving with Company A , 7th Wisconsin Infantry , in action at Weldon Railroad , Virginia , for capture of flag of 16th Mississippi ( Confederate States of America ) .
Syracuse Air Defense Sector The Syracuse Air Defense Sector ( SADS ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the Air Defense Command ( ADC ) 26th Air Division at Hancock Field , New York . History . SADS was established in October 1956 as the 4624th Air Defense Wing , SAGE at Syracuse Air Force Station ( AFS ) , New York , assuming control of former ADC Eastern Air Defense Force units primarily in western New York , most of Pennsylvania and a small portion of western Maryland and eastern West Virginia . The organization provided command and control over several aircraft and radar squadrons . On 15 August 1958 the new Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) Direction Center ( DC - 03 ) and Combat Center ( CC - 01 ) became operational . DC - 03 was equipped with dual AN / FSQ - 7 Computer s . The day - to - day operations of the command were to train and maintain tactical units flying jet interceptor aircraft ( F - 89 Scorpion , F - 101 Voodoo , F - 102 Delta Dagger ) and operating radar s and interceptor missiles ( CIM - 10 Bomarc ) in a state of readiness with training missions and a series of exercises with Strategic Air Command and other units simulating interceptions of incoming enemy aircraft . In early 1958 , Syracuse AFS was renamed Hancock Field . The Sector was inactivated on 4 September 1963 when the 26th Air Division headquarters moved to Hancock Field and the Syracuse Sector , in a realignment of sector boundaries , merged with the Boston Air Defense Sector .
Pat Murphy of Meagher ' s Brigade " Pat Murphy Of Meagher ' s Brigade " , also known as " Pat Murphy Of The Irish Brigade " or " Song Of The Splintered Shillelagah " , is song that comes from the American Civil War . The song tells the story of a , " Patrick Murphy " , who serves under the command of Brig . Gen . Thomas Francis Meagher in the Irish Brigade of the Union Army . Murphy serves to illustrate the plight of the Irish in the Civil War . Lyrics . ' Twas the night before battle and , gathered in groups , < br > The soldiers lay close at their quarters , < br > A - thinking , no doubt , of their loved ones at home < br > Of mothers , wives , sweethearts and daughters . < br > Said Pat to his comrades , it looks quare to see < br > Brothers fighting in such a strange manner ; < br > But I ' ll fight ' til I die , If I never get killed < br > For America ' s bright starry banner . < br > Well , morning soon broke and poor Paddy awoke < br > He found rebels to give satisfaction < br > And the drummer was beating the Devil ' s sad tune < br > They were calling the troops into action . < br > Then the Irish Brigade into battle was seen , < br > Their blood for the cause shedding freely < br > With their bayonet charges they rushed on the foe < br > With a shout for the land of shillelagh . < br > The day after battle , the dead lay in heaps < br > And Paddy lay bleeding and gory , < br > With a hole in his breast where some enemy ' s ball < br > Had ended his passion for glory , < br > Other lyrics include - Then , surely , Columbia can never forget , While valor and fame hold communion , How nobly the brave Irish Volunteers fought , In defense of the flag of our Union : And , if ever Old Ireland for freedom should strike , We ' ll a helping hand offer quite freely : And the Stars and the Stripes shall be seen alongside , Of the Flag of the Land of Shillaly !
Adolphe Kégresse Adolphe Kégresse ( 1879 , Héricourt , Haute - Saône - 1943 ) was a French military engineer , inventor of the half - track and dual clutch transmission . Born at Héricourt , and educated in Montbéliard , he moved in 1905 to Saint Petersburg , Russia to work for the Russian Tsar Nicholas II . To improve the mobility of the imperial car park , he invented the Kégresse track to modify normal motor vehicles into half - tracks . After World War I Kégresse was forced to return to his home country , where he was from 1919 employed by the Citroën company during the 1920s and 1930s to design half - track vehicles , together with engineer Jacques Hinstin . After leaving the Citroën company he developed in 1935 the AutoServe gearbox - transmission system ; in 1939 he pioneered the development of modern small guided tracked bombs . Kégresse died in 1943 at Croissy - sur - Seine .
Conrad Albrecht Conrad Albrecht ( 7 October 1880 in Bremen - 18 August 1969 in Hamburg ) was a German admiral during World War II . Military career . Albrecht entered the Kaiserliche Marine in 1899 as a sea - cadet and served as a Korvettenkapitän and commander of a torpedo boat flotilla in Flanders during World War I . After the war Albrecht was promoted to Vice Admiral and commander of the Reichsmarine Baltic Sea command . He maintained this office until 1938 , as its area of command was expanded . On 1 September 1939 Albrecht led the operations of the German Kriegsmarine during the Invasion of Poland . On 31 December 1939 he went into retirement .