naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tombstone promotion A Tombstone Promotion was a means of promoting combat - decorated officers of the United States Navy to the next higher rank at the time of retirement . For instance , a retiring captain ( O - 6 ) who had a Combat Award was actually advanced in grade on the retired list to the rank of rear admiral and wore two stars although junior to all other one star officer of other services . The officer ' s retired pay was still based on the O - 6 rank so the advancement in grade resulted in no increase in retired pay . This practice was discontinued in December 1959 . Although it is generally assumed this was a post World War II practice , it actually predated the War . The " United States Navy Regulations , 1920 with changes up to and including No . 19 1938 " Article 1668 ( 3 ) stated : " All line officers of the Navy who have been specifically commended for their performance of duty in actual combat . . . are placed upon the retired list with the rank of the next higher grade and with three - fourths of the active - duty pay of the grade in which serving at the time of retirement . "
Salisbury National Cemetery Salisbury National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Salisbury , in Rowan County , North Carolina . It encompasses , in the original location and at the annex , and as of 2012 had 6500 interments ( in 6000 standard graves , many of which also hold a spouse ) , plus an estimated 11 , 700 in 18 mass graves , at the original location and 5000 , in 4500 graves , in the new location . History . Salisbury National Cemetery began as simply a place for the Confederacy to inter Union prisoners of war who died while held in Salisbury . The conditions at the prison were poor , and many of those incarcerated there succumbed to disease or starvation . Many of the dead were buried in eighteen trench graves without coffins in a former corn field , so it is unknown exactly how many prisoners were buried there , but 11 , 700 is the generally accepted number ; research by Louis A . Brown shows the maximum number to be close to 5000 . Union Gen . George Stoneman ordered that a fence be built around the trenches , which was later replaced with a stone wall . After the American Civil War , the cemetery officially became a National Cemetery and had remains from other cemeteries around the area transferred to it . Salisbury National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 . By 1994 the cemetery was expected to fill up by 1997 , with no more burials other than spouses of those already there . Despite additions in 1976 , 1985 and 1995 that gave the cemetery a total of 12 . 5 acres , and 5800 buried at the cemetery already , it was later predicted that by the end of 1999 , the cemetery would have no more room . Representatives of the cemetery , veterans , and Rowan County traveled to Washington , D . C asking for help , and on Memorial Day 1999 , the Veterans Administration announced the donation of about , at the W . G . ( Bill ) Hefner in Salisbury . The land included the Brookdale Golf Course , donated by Samuel C . Hart American Legion Post to be used by the hospital when it opened in 1953 , and used until the late 1980s . The expansion gave the cemetery enough room to last for 50 to 75 years , with room for 20 , 000 more veterans and family members . A groundbreaking ceremony was held at the cemetery annex on Pearl Harbor Day 1999 . The first burial in the new location took place in March 2000 . In April 2000 , became part of the Salisbury National Cemetery . Two years later , a $ 2 . 8 million expansion began on of the former golf course , with space to bury 12 , 000 more people . On November 14 , 2011 , work began on a new columbarium with a capacity of 1000 , which was expected to last ten years . The existing columbarium was nearly filled . Also , the cemetery was adding 2400 " pre - placed in - ground crypts " ; these allowed 1500 burials per acre compared to 700 with normal graves . As of Memorial Day 2012 , the original cemetery , with about 7000 markers , was closed to new burials , except for spouses of those already buried . The annex had 4000 markers and was the state ' s only open national cemetery .
HMS Hydra ( J275 ) HMS " Hydra " ( J275 ) was an of the Royal Navy . " Hydra " was laid down at the yard of Lobnitz , Renfrew . As a result of savings raised during " Warship Week " , she was adopted by Wellingborough Urban District Council in Northamptonshire on 14 March 1942 . She was launched on 29 September 1942 . Service . HMS Hydra joined the 18th Minesweeping Flotilla in the Rosyth Command on 20 February 1943 and was transferred in May 1943 to the Nore Command . She was variously employed on minesweeping in the North Sea in 1943 and on escort duty with Arctic convoys from 1943 - 1944 , including the Russian Convoy JW - 57 to Kola in February 1944 . She was part of Operation Neptune , the naval part of the D - Day landings at Normandy on 6 June 1944 . She was mined in the approaches to Ostend on 10 November 1944 . She was towed to Sheerness but declared a constructive total loss and not repaired . She was sold for scrap and arrived at the yard of T W Ward in Grays , Essex on 28 October 1944 to be broken up in 1947 . HMS Hydra was 850 tons armed with a single 4 - inch and smaller guns and with a complement of 85 men .
Boeing B - 29 Superfortress The B - 29 Superfortress was a four - engine heavy bomber propeller driven aircraft built by Boeing and operated by the United States Air Force during World War II and the Korean War . The name was taken from the early and well - known B - 17 Flying Fortress . Two B - 29s were responsible for the nuclear bomb ings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima .
Dudley Aman , 1st Baron Marley Dudley Leigh Aman , 1st Baron Marley DSC ( 16 May 1884 – 29 February 1952 ) , was a British soldier and Labour politician . Marley was the son of Edward Godfrey Aman , of Farnham , and was educated at Marlborough and the Royal Naval College , Greenwich . During the First World War he served in France and Belgium as a Major in the Royal Marine Artillery . He was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his services at the Second Battle of Ypres . After the war he made five unsuccessful attempts to enter the House of Commons for the Labour Party . However , in January 1930 he was raised to the peerage by the Labour government of Ramsay Macdonald as Baron Marley , of Marley in the County of Sussex . Marley then served under Macdonald as Under - Secretary of State for War and Vice - President of the Army Council from June 1930 until the government fell in August 1931 . From 1930 to 1937 he was Chief Labour Whip in the House of Lords and served as a Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords from 1930 to 1941 . As Chairman of the Parliamentary Advisory Committee for the aid of Jews in Europe Marley became deeply involved in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of Birobidzhan , an area in eastern Siberia which was designated by Joseph Stalin as an autonomous area for the Jewish people . He wrote the introduction to " The Brown Book of the Hitler Terror and the Burning of the Reichstag " , a publication on the conditions of the Jewish population which greatly raised awareness among American Jewry about the Jews of Germany . Lord Marley married Octable Turquet , daughter of Sir Hugh Gilzean Reid , in 1910 . He died in February 1952 , aged 67 , and was succeeded in the barony by his only son Godfrey . Lady Marley died in 1969 .
Andrzej Błasik Andrzej Eugeniusz Błasik ( 11 October 1962 – 10 April 2010 ) was a Lieutenant General in the Polish Armed Forces and a Commander of the Polish Air Force . Błasik was born in Poddębice , People ' s Republic of Poland . He died in the Tu - 154 crash near Smolensk , Russia . Education . During 1977 – 1981 Błasik was educated at Aviation High School at the University Officers ' School of Aviation in Deblin . Afterwards he joined the ' School of Eaglets ' , gaining in 1985 the military rank of second lieutenant in the group of pilots of the passenger aviation corps . In the period from 1993 to 1995 he studied at the National Defence University in Warsaw , after completing the diploma and he became a certified officer . He was also a graduate of the Netherlands Defence Academy in The Hague in 1998 and the Air War College in Montgomery , Alabama , United States ( 2005 ) . Military service . At the first grade – a pilot – he was sent to 8 Regiment Fighter - Bomber in Mirosławiec . In 1987 he was transferred to 40 Regiment Fighter - Bomber in Świdwin , where he was a senior pilot , commander of a key officer of the squadron navigator , squadron commander and deputy commander of the squadron . Since 1995 , he served in the Air Force Command Szefostwie Air Force and Air Defence [ 2 ] in Warsaw . He was successively chief inspector duties Navigation Division , Senior Inspector Department of Training and Operations Branch chief specialist . In 2001 he became Head of Training 2 Tactical Air Brigade in Poznań , and in 2002 became commander of the 31st Air Base in Poznań . He commanded a military unit in 2003 received the " Mark of Honour of the Polish Armed Forces " for the protection of international maneuvers in " NATO Air Meet 2003 " . Since 2004 , he was head of the Combat Applications Division at Headquarters Air Force , while in 2005 – 2007 he commanded the 2nd Tactical Air Brigade . On 15 August 2005 he was promoted to Brigadier General . After a short time , he served as commander - rector of the School Officers of the Air Force . On 19 April 2007 he was appointed commander of the Air Force and was promoted to Major General . On 15 August 2007 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General . As a pilot he had 1 , 300 hours total flying time . As an instructor he had the power to train in all weather conditions on airplanes Su - 22 and PZL TS - 11 Iskra . He also piloted the Lim - 6 . Death . Błasik was killed in a plane crash near Smolensk , in which the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński also died . Personal life . Błasik was married . He had two children .
RAF Broadwell RAF Broadwell was a Royal Air Force station located 2 miles north of Broadwell and 3 miles southeast of Burford , Oxfordshire , within 2 miles of RAF Brize Norton . It opened on 15 November 1943 and closed on 31 March 1947 , operating under RAF Transport Command . It consisted of 3 concrete runways in triangular configuration . Broadwell took part in the D - Day assaults with nearby RAF Down Ampney and RAF Blakehill Farm . Broadwell had two such squadrons , No . 512 Squadron RAF and No . 575 Squadron RAF were based here , flying the Douglas Dakota . In February 1944 , No . 512 Squadron was transferred to No . 46 Group at RAF Broadwell , it was a tactical Dakota squadron and started training glider towing and parachute dropping . Its first operation in the new role was a leaflet drop on 5 June 1944 over France , this followed intensive flying in and out of France including dropping parachutists at Arnhem . On the eve of D - Day No . 575 Squadron dropped 5 Para into the invasion drop zone . On 6 June , it towed 21 Horsa glider s into France . In the next few weeks it started a casualty evacuation service from France back to England . In September 1944 , it was involved in operations at Arnhem where it suffered severe casualties . A chronological diary of events at RAF Broadwell was produced by the RAF and can be accessed here : The airfield continued to be a terminus for long - range transport operations to Europe , the Middle East and India .
RAF Talbenny RAF Talbenny was a World War II Royal Air Force airfield in Pembrokeshire , Wales that was operational from 1942 to December 1946 . There were 3 concrete runways encircled by a perimeter track and 36 dispersal points . On 29 January 1943 , Brigadier Vivian Dykes , Director of Plans at the War Office between 1939 and 1941 and the Chief Combined Secretary British Joint Staff Mission Washington in 1942 , along with 10 others , died on approach to RAF Talbenny on a flight from Casablanca .
Robert Alesch Robert Alesch ( b . Aspelt , Luxembourg , 1906 , d . by firing squad at Fort de Montrouge Arcueil , France , 1949 ) was a priest and collaborator with Nazi Germany during the Second World War . Biography . Priesthood . Alesch was ordained in 1933 and settled in France in 1935 . He was named vicar at La Varenne - Saint - Hilaire , parish of Saint - Maur , in the Paris region . From the beginning of the Nazi occupation , he passed himself off as an opponent of the Germans , particularly during his Sunday sermon s . Collaboration with the Nazis . Alesch was in reality an agent in the service of the " Abwehr " German intelligence organization . He gained entry into resistance circles and won the confidence of the ethnologist Germaine Tillion , who put him in touch with Jacques Legrand , the chief executive of the " Réseau Gloria " and with Gabrielle Picabia ( whose " nom de guerre " was " Gloria " ) founder and head of the network . Alesch was paid for his information by the Germans and lived a double life . Priest during the day , he lived with two mistresses on " rue Spontini " in the 16th arrondissement . On the 13th August 1942 , Legrand , Tillion and the main leaders of the network were arrested . Around 80 people found themselves imprisoned over the month of August . Detained in Fresnes prison and Prison de la Santé , they were subjected to long interrogations and in some cases , torture , by the German police . After being moved to the camp at Fort de Romainville they were mostly deported to the concentration camp s of Buchenwald , Mauthausen and Ravensbrück . Jacques Legrand , his second , Thomasson and a number of others did not return from deportation . Robert Alesch pursued his activities as double agent for the Nazis , encouraging young people to resist then delivering them to the occupiers . He was paid 12 , 000 Francs monthly , about the salary of a high - ranking officer at the time , and earned a bonus for each person he informed on . The end . After the war , Alesch fled to Brussels . He was handed over to the French authorities and tried by the " Cour de Justice " of the Seine department . The surviving members of the network , Tillion ( who invoked the memory of her mother Émilie Tillion , murdered at Ravensbrück ) , Picabia and Pierre Weydert were also there to witness at the trial . Alesch was sentenced to be executed by firing squad on the 25 January 1949 at Fort de Montrouge ( Arcueil ) .
Dunbar ' s Guerillas Dunbar ' s Guerrillas was an independent company of Confederate cavalrymen during the American Civil War . They were raised by Captain William Dunbar , who was from Russell County , Kentucky and lived on the Cumberland River . Dunbar raised men from family and friends in southeastern Kentucky . They rode into Tennessee to fight for the South . Dunbar himself was regularly commissioned in Nashville , as well as his nephew , Lieutenant Silas Dunbar . They joined Nathan Bedford Forrest and served under Colonel Lawton who commanded a battalion of likewise independent companies . Dunbar ' s men served at Shiloh and at the raid on Murfreesboro . At Murfreesboro they played a role in freeing the town from the Union occupation . At some point between just before the Kentucky Campaign or just after Dunbar ' s men disbanded , they were the element of attack that rode through the town to attack the union camps while Forrest sprung the townspeople from the city jail . After the disbandment . Many of Dunbar ' s men stayed with Forrest . Some joined Morgan , a fellow Kentuckian , while others went home or continued as guerrillas in their own personal wars . Reorganization . William and Silas Dunbar arranged to gather up parts of the old company along with new recruits to work behind Union lines as partisan rangers along the Cumberland Plateau and in southeastern Kentucky and northeastern Tennessee . They fought in the desperate , bloody , neighbor - against - neighbor fights of the hills , sometimes collaborating with Champ Ferguson and his men . Dunbar ' s men fought from southwestern Virginia all across the mountains and down into Middle Tennessee . They fought in every battle or skirmish and also bushwhacked many a Federal garrison . Upon hearing that Forrest was coming into Tennessee , they went west and fought alongside him once more . They raised many new recruits from Southern - sympathizing eastern Tennesseans who wanted to break the Union occupation of their state . However , their efforts were futile , and on August 20 , 1864 Dunbar ' s men were ambushed and slaughtered in Greene County , Tennessee . They were coming home from western Tennessee ; many of the men had family in that area and they were probably visiting when the ambush came up . William Dunbar was killed in the ambush ; the other names of those killed are lost to history . After the war . Lt . Silas Dunbar survived the war . He later made his living sharecropping with a comrade named Sabre Wooldridge , a former slave on Alexander Wooldridge ' s tobacco plantation . Wooldridge was a member of both Dunbar ' s Guerrilla ' s and Forrest ' s Scouts . Sabre had been a faithful servant all through the war for Wooldridge .
Battle of James Island On June 16 , 1862 , Confederate forces defeated Union troops in the " Battle of Secessionville ( or the First Battle of James Island " ' ) preventing the Union ' s only attempt to capture Charleston , South Carolina , by land during the American Civil War . Battle . In early June 1862 , Union Maj . Gen . David Hunter transported the Union divisions of Brig . Gens . Horatio G . Wright and Isaac I . Stevens , under the immediate direction of Brig . Gen . Henry Benham , to James Island , where they entrenched at Grimball ' s Landing near the southern flank of the Confederate defenses . Benham landed 6 , 500 men from the 3rd New Hampshire , 8th Michigan , 7th Connecticut , 28th Massachusetts , and 79th New York " Highlanders " on the southeastern end of James Island , and marched toward Charleston . However , Confederate Brig . Gen . Nathan " Shanks " Evans , who commanded fewer than half that number of Confederate forces , made up of troops from South Carolina , North Carolina , and Georgia , met the Northern troops at a fort at Secessionville commanded by Colonel T . G . Lamar and routed them . Secessionville was a small summer village formerly called Riversville but renamed in the early 1860s . Aftermath . The Union suffered 683 casualties ( 107 dead ) , compared to 204 ( 52 dead ) by the Confederates . Although the battle was minor , it served as a powerful propaganda victory , increasing morale , particularly in Charleston , and offsetting recent Confederate losses in the Western Theater . Although the numbers involved were small , the stakes were high . Benham had acted against orders in attempting to take James Island , and he was subject to a court martial after the loss . The Union continued its attempt to starve and attack Charleston for the rest of the war . Had they they succeeded in taking " Fort Lamar " at Secessionville , they could have controlled the harbor . See also . Two other battles were also known as the " Battle of James Island " :
Lazaga - class patrol vessel The Lazaga class consists of a series of midsize patrol vessels for coastal and Exclusive Zone patrol , built by the Spanish National Bazán shipyards ( now Navantia ) for the Spanish Navy and the Moroccan Navy . Two of the spanish units were later transferred to the Colombian Navy . Based on the German " Type 143 " ( Lürssen FBP - 57 ) vessels , the hull of the first unit was built in Germany and the rest were built in San Fernando , Cádiz , in a similar way to that of the , in 1976 – 77 . A second batch of 4 units was built in 1980 - 82 for the Moroccan Navy , which were slightly different from the initial units in armament and navigational systems , as they included missile capability ( Exocet MM - 40 ) , although that was later removed . Service . Spain . Their early retirement from the Spanish Navy prompted an inquiry in the spanish senate about the reasons for their decommissioning ; some of the reasons presented included lack of endurance and lack of a helicopter capability . It seems , however , that the navy was using the ships for roles more complex than those initially designed for . Under its initial German design , the ships were designed for fast attack by the Deutsche Marine as fast attack ships using Exocet missiles in the Baltic Sea , allowing for quick return to their bases . In Spain , that was their initial use as well , and they included a modern targeting system Signaal ( now Thales ) WM - 22 , similar to that used in the ( WM - 25 ) and in the ( WM - 28 ) . Unfortunately , budgetary restrictions did not allow that plan to be fully completed and they were not fitted with missile capability in the end , which left them stripped of one of their most important capabilities . The creation of the Maritime service of the Civil Guard ( ) only speedied their demise in the Spanish Navy , since many small and midsize boats were decommissioned from the navy as some of the coast guard functions were transferred to the new service . Some of their systems , including the Oto Melara 76 / 62 cannon , the diesel engines and the surface search radar were dismounted and used as spare parts for the " Descubierta " class corvettes which shared those systems . Morocco . Some of the systems , including the 76 / 62 Oto melara cannons , their targeting systems were ceded to the Moroccan Navy . In 2008 , two of the Moroccan vessels were upgraded in Cartagena , Spain for an estimated amount of 10 million Colombia . Two of these boats were transferred to the Colombian Navy in 1997 , where they served until 2009 when they were finally disposed of and sunk as part of the " " Pelícano II " " training exercises .
SS Uriah M . Rose SS " Uriah M . Rose " ( MC contract 2729 ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Uriah M . Rose , an influential Arkansas lawyer . The ship was laid down by Permanente Metals in their Richmond Yard # 2 on December 19 , 1943 , then launched on January 10 , 1944 . The ship survived the war and was sold into private ownership in 1947 . She was scrapped in 1972 .
French ship Suffren ( 1801 ) The Suffren was a " Téméraire " class 74 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . " Suffren " took part in Allemand ' s expedition of 1805 under Captain Amable Troude . She operated in the Mediterranean until the end of the First Empire , and was decommissioned shortly thereafter . " Suffren " was razeed in 1816 , and used as a prison hulk on Toulon harbour . She was eventually broken up in 1823 .
82nd Battalion , CEF The 82nd Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Calgary , Alberta , the unit began recruiting in the late summer of 1915 in that city . After sailing to England in May 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 9th Battalion , CEF , on July 18 , 1916 . The 82nd Battalion , CEF , had one officer commanding : Lieutenant - Colonel W . A . Lowry . The perpetuation of the 82nd Battalion was assigned to the Calgary Regiment in 1920 . When this regiment split in two in 1924 , perpetuation of the 82nd passed to the Calgary Highlanders .