naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Firecrest ( AMc - 33 ) USS " Firecrest " ( AMc - 33 ) was a " Firecrest " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . The wooden - hulled purse seiner " S . G . Giuseppe " , built in 1937 at Wilmington , California , by the boatbuilders Trigoning and Carlson , was acquired by the Navy from M . B . Giuseppe , of San Pedro , California , on 5 November 1940 , and delivery and acceptance by the Commandant , 11th Naval District , took place the same day . Conversion to a coastal minesweeper began immediately , at the Campbell Machine Co . , of San Diego , California ; renamed " Firecrest " and designated as a coastal minesweeper ( " AMc - 33 " ) , the ship was placed in service on 4 April 1941 , Ensign Charles S . Judson , Jr . , USNR , officer - in - charge . World War II service . By the end of April 1941 , " Firecrest " was operating out of the Section Base , San Diego , north of the destroyer base at that port . In concert with , she began daily operations in San Diego harbor , streaming her sweep gear ; she also conducted independent sweeping operations during that time . As the spring of 1941 gave way to the summer , " Firecrest " alternately swept the harbor waters with her magnetic or acoustical gear , patrolled , or conducted training . On 17 July 1941 , during a towing operation in a heavy ground swell , she lost one of her 400 - pound anchors . Attack on Pearl Harbor . After a brief period out of commission pending the arrival of new parts for her 540 kilowatt generator engine ( 3 – 4 December 1941 ) , she resumed active operations on 5 December 1941 , underway on assigned duty planting drill mines . Two days later , however , the Japanese surprise attack against the U . S . Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor resulted in emergency duty for " Firecrest " at the harbor entrance , with four new men being assigned to her complement . Assigned minesweeping and patrol duties . With her home yard at Mare Island , Vallejo , California , and her home port , San Diego , " Firecrest " was transferred from duty under Commander , Western Sea Frontier to Commander , Naval Local Defense Forces , 11th Naval District , on 16 March 1943 . She conducted coastal patrol and minesweeping operations into the following summer . Services no longer required . " Firecrest ' s " services " no longer required in minesweeping duties , " Commandant , 11th Naval District , was requested ( 20 July 1944 ) to remove all type and military equipment and place her out of service with an eye toward future disposition . Accordingly placed out of service on 18 September 1944 , " Firecrest " was stricken from the Navy Register on 14 October 1944 and delivered to the War Shipping Administration on 3 April 1945 . Post - war return to fishing . Reverting to her original name , " S . G . Giuseppe " , soon thereafter , and under the ownership of Antonio D ' Ambra of Los Angeles , California , she operated in the fishing trade into the early 1950s .
Finnish III Corps ( Winter War ) The III Corps ( " III Armeijakunta " ) was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Winter War . The III Corps with the II Corps formed the Army of the Isthmus ( Kannaksen armeija ) . For most of the war it defended the Mannerheim Line on the northern side of the River Vuoksi against Soviet attacks .
USS Force ( AM - 445 ) USS " Force " ( AM - 445 ) was an . She was laid down 26 August 1952 at J . M . Martinac Shipbuilding Corp . , Tacoma , Washington , sponsored by Mrs . T . D . Wilson . She was launched 26 June 1953 , commissioned 4 January 1955 , Lieutenant J . W . Boiler in command . She was redesignated an Ocean Minesweeper ( MSO - 445 ) on 7 February 1955 . " Force " was armed with one single 40 mm gun mount , two . 50 cal . machine gun s . Later , her bow gun was replaced with one twin 20 mm . Service history . " Force " reported to Mine Force , Pacific Fleet , at Long Beach , California , 20 January 1955 , and sailed along the California coast in training exercises until 1 May 1956 . She departed then for her first tour of duty in the Far East , during which she made a good will cruise of ports in the northern islands of Japan , as well as training with ships of the Chinese Nationalist Navy . Damaged by typhoons in August , she was repaired at Sasebo and Yokosuka , Japan , and returned to Long Beach 15 November . Special operations took " Force " to the Panama Canal Zone between 30 August and 6 December 1957 . She returned to Long Beach for exercises and preparations for her next deployment to the U . S . 7th Fleet , completed between 3 November 1958 and 1 June 1959 . During this time , she again trained with the Chinese , Korean , and Thai navies . On 2 November , she sailed with her division and for combined amphibious and minesweeping exercises out of Kodiak , Alaska ; in these operations , her group was joined by ships of the Royal Canadian Navy . During these maneuvers , " Force " collected hydrographic data and served as home base for an explosive ordnance demolition team . She returned by way of Vancouver , British Columbia , and San Francisco , California , to Long Beach 16 December 1959 . In February , 1960 " Force " was on station for missile nose cone recovery duty and during the balance of the year participated in exercise " Steeple Jack , " a " Phiblex 60 " exercise , and local operations . On 24 April 1973 " Force " was lost off Guam , when a fuel leak was ignited by the No . 1 Engine turbocharger and spread rapidly throughout the ship , despite the efforts of the crew . The ship was abandoned , and sank . There were no casualties , but one injury was reported .
Area bombardment In military aviation , area bombardment ( or area bombing ) is a type of aerial bombardment that targeted indiscriminately at a large area , such as a city block or an entire city . The term " area bombing " came into prominence during World War II , and it quickly became a " de facto " synonym of aerial bombing of cities by the British . Area bombing is a form of strategic bombing . It can serve several intertwined purposes : to disrupt the production of military materiel , to disrupt lines of communication s , to divert the enemy ' s industrial and military resources from the primary battlefield to air defence , and to demoralise the enemy ' s population ( See terror bombing ) . Other terms for area bombing are " carpet bombing " , " saturation bombing " , and " obliteration bombing " . At the time , area bombing was contrasted with precision bombing . The latter was directed at a selected target – not necessarily a small , and not necessarily a tactical target , as it could be an airfield or a factory - and it did not intend to inflict a widespread damage ( at least by appearance ) .
Perrhaebi The Perrhaebi ( ) were an ancient Greek people who lived in northern Thessaly . They took part in the Trojan War under Guneus and also fought in the Battle of Thermopylae . Their capital was Phalanna , and their most significant town , or " polis " , was Oloosson . Through most of their history they were overshadowed and controlled by Thessaly , although they had two votes at the Delphic Amphictyony . Philip II of Macedon freed the Perrhaebi from Thessaly and took their kingdom for Macedonian control , under which it remained until Roman conquest in 196 . They were listed in Xerxe ' s vast army by Herodotus . A coin of the Perrhaebi depicted a man restraining a bull on one side and a horse on the other . The inscription was " Περραιβών " .
Benjamin Taliaferro Benjamin Taliaferro ( 1750 – September 3 , 1821 ) was a United States Representative from Georgia . Biography . He was born in present - day Amherst County , Virginia in 1750 to an English - Italian family , the Taliaferro s , who settled in Virginia in the early 17th century . He completed preparatory studies and served in the American Revolutionary War as a lieutenant in the rifle corps commanded by General Daniel Morgan . He was promoted to captain , participated in the Battle of Princeton , volunteered to serve in Lee ' s Legion , and was then captured by the British at Charleston in 1780 . Taliaferro settled in Wilkes County , Georgia in 1784 and was appointed a judge of superior court . The governor appointed him major general of the Georgia Militia 3rd Division in 1795 . He was a member of the Georgia Senate and its president . He was a delegate to the Georgia State Constitutional Convention in 1798 . He was elected as a Federalist to the 6th United States Congress and then reelected as a Republican to the 7th Congress and served from March 4 , 1799 , until his resignation in 1802 . He was later judge of the Georgia Superior Court and a trustee for the University of Georgia . He died in Wilkes County , Georgia on September 3 , 1821 . Honors . Taliaferro County , Georgia was named in his honor .
Mukachevo ( air base ) Mukachevo is an air base in Ukraine located 6 km southwest of Mukachevo . During the Cold War it served as a small interceptor base . The airfield had a loop taxiway with many parking revetments . The air base has since been moved to Stryi leaving the airfield to stand abandoned and empty . Airfield Today . Currently the city and oblast authorities are seeking investors to modernize the airfield and turn in into an international airport . The new airport would replace Uzhhorod International Airport as Zakarpattia ' s main air link . It ' s proposed advantages over Uzhhorod will be a more centralized location , as well as its location completely within Ukrainian airspace ( current flights to and from Uzhhorod have to cross over into Slovak territory )
War of the Succession of Landshut The War of the Succession of Landshut resulted from an agreement between the duchies of Bavaria - Munich ( " Bayern - München " in German ) and Bavaria - Landshut ( " Bayern - Landshut " ) . The agreement concerned the law of succession when one of the two Dukes should die without a male heir . Both of these duchies were owned by branches of the House of Wittelsbach , and the agreement stated that if one branch should become extinct in the male line then the other would inherit both duchies . This agreement disregarded imperial law , which stipulated that the Holy Roman Emperor should inherit should a line fail . George , Duke of Bavaria - Landshut and his wife Hedwig Jagiellon failed to produce a male heir , so George named his daughter Elisabeth as his heir . Because of the agreement , Duke Albert of the Munich line did not accept this , leading to war in 1503 . Over the course of this two - year war , many villages surrounding Landshut were reduced to ashes , such as Ergolding . The war ended in 1505 with the death of Elisabeth and her husband Ruprecht , Count Palatine of the Rhine , and a decision through arbitration by Emperor Maximilian I on 30 July 1505 at the Diet of Cologne . The two grandsons of George , Otto Henry ( " Otto - Heinrich " ) and Philip , retained Palatinate - Neuburg ( " Junge Pfalz " ) , a fragmented region from the upper Danube over Franconia to the northern part of the Upper Palatinate . Neuburg an der Donau was chosen as the capital of the new state . Because the two heirs had not yet reached their majority , Frederick II , Count Palatine of the Rhine , served as regent in a caretaker regime . The rest of the territory went to the Munich line of the House of Wittelsbach . The emperor took the territory around Kufstein for himself as reward for his mediation ; the Imperial City of Nuremberg gained important territories to the east of the city , including the authorities of Lauf , Hersbruck , and Altdorf . As Count Palatine , Otto - Heinrich spent huge sums of money to build a palace at Neuburg an der Donau . Through inheritance , he later became Elector Palatine , where his additions " Ottheinrichsbau " to Heidelberg Castle made him one of the most important builders of the German Renaissance .
Battle of Albuera order of battle This is the order of battle for the Battle of Albuera ( 16 May 1811 ) . The Battle of Albuera was an engagement of the Peninsular War , fought between a mixed British , Spanish , and Portuguese corps and elements of the French Armée du Midi ( Army of the South ) . It took place at the small Spanish village of Albuera , about 12 miles ( 20 km ) south of the frontier fortress - town of Badajoz , Spain . Allied army . Marshal Sir William Beresford had been given the task of reconstructing the Portuguese army since February 1809 . He temporarily took command of General Rowland Hill ' s corps while Hill was recovering from illness , and was granted overall command of the Allied army at Albuera by the Spanish generals , Joaquín Blake y Joyes and Francisco Castaños .
Battery " D " 1st Regiment Michigan Light Artillery The Battery " D " Michigan Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " D " was organized at Coldwater , Michigan between September 17 , 1861 and December 9 , 1862 . Battery was engaged at : Hoover ' s Gap , Tn / Chickamauga , Ga / Chattanooga , Tn / Mission Ridge , Tn / Nashville , Tn The battery was mustered out on August 3 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The battery lost 2 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 39 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 41 fatalities . Total Enrollment — 334 . . . Killed in Action — 1 . . . Died of Wounds — 1 . . . Died of Disease — 38 Total Casualty Rate — 11 . 9 %
62nd Field Artillery Regiment , RCA The 62nd Field Artillery Regiment , RCA ( ) is a militia unit of the Canadian Army that has its own military band and is located in Shawinigan , Quebec . It recruits primarily in Shawinigan , Joliette and Victoriaville . Origin . Its oldest and most notable subunit is the 81st Field Artillery Battery , which was founded in the Eastern Townships in 1912 and relocated in Shawinigan , Mauricie in 1936 . World War II . The battery was called to active duty during World War II . Its members were trained in Ontario and the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1944 . In 1944 - 45 , the 81st Battery contributed to the Allies ' effort in the Normandy Landings , which led to the Liberation of France . Anti - aircraft Unit . In 1946 - 48 , members of the Shawinigan - based C Company of the Régiment de Joliette joined those of the 81st Battery to form the 62nd Regiment . From that moment until 1961 , the newly formed unit served in an anti - aircraft capacity . Field artillery . Since 1961 , the regiment has been a field artillery unit . Its equipment consists of 105 mm towed howitzers . Its armoury is currently located at 5315 Boulevard Royal , Shawinigan . A substantial number of the 62nd Regiment reservist s attend Collège Shawinigan . Every year on Remembrance Day weekend , members of the regiment gather near the Monument des Braves cenotaph and conduct a ceremony to commemorate soldiers who died on the field of honour . They also parade in the streets of downtown Shawinigan and Grand - Mère . Contributions since World War II . Even though the 62nd Regiment has not served in active duty since World War II , it provided personnel for a number of operations , including : Well - known members . Well - known members of the regiment are :
Hermann Kunz Hermann Kunz ( 12 December 1919 – 18 March 2012 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Revolutionary martyr The term revolutionary martyr usually relates to those dying in revolutionary struggle . This theme is as old as revolution itself but during the 20th Century was particularly developed in the culture and propaganda of communist or socialist revolutions , though it was and is also used in relation to nationalist revolutions and Islamic revolutions .
Metalith The Metalith is a prefabricated steel barrier and the name of the product division of Infrastructure Defense Technologies of Belvidere , Illinois , which manufactures the barrier . It is used in perimeter defense against explosive penetration and ramming . It has been deployed by the US Armed Forces in their 21st century wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . A related product from IDT is the Metalith H2O flood control barrier , a system of prefabricated , interlocking aluminum barriers for flood defense , designed to hold ballast such as sand . Army Corps of Engineers tests have shown they can be assembled 20 times faster than sandbags and faster than any other tested flood control system , with relatively low seepage rates .
Countervalue In military doctrine countervalue is the targeting of an opponent ' s assets which are of value but not actually a military threat , such as cities and civilian populations . Counterforce is the targeting of an opponent ' s military personnel , forces and facilities . The Oxford English Dictionary , 2nd ed . , records first use of the word in 1660 , and first use in the modern sense in 1965 , where it is described as a " euphemism for attacking cities " . Theory . In warfare , and in particular nuclear warfare , enemy targets can be divided into two general types ; counterforce military targets and countervalue civilian targets . These terms were not used during the Second World War bombing of civilian populations and targets not directly military . The rationale behind countervalue targeting is that when two sides have both achieved assured destruction capability — that is , that the nuclear arsenals of each side have the apparent ability to survive a wide range of counterforce attacks , and carry out a second strike in response — then , in an all - out nuclear war , the value of targeting the opponent ' s nuclear arsenal diminishes , and the value of targeting the opponent ' s cities and civilians increases . This line of reasoning , however , assumes that the opponent values its civilians over its military forces . One view argues that countervalue targeting upholds nuclear deterrence because both sides are more likely to believe in each other ' s no first use policy . The line of reasoning is that if an aggressor strikes first with nuclear weapons against an opponent ' s countervalue targets , then , by definition , such an attack does not degrade the opponent ' s military capacity to retaliate . The opposing view , however , counters that countervalue targeting is neither moral nor credible because if an aggressor should strike first with nuclear weapons against only a limited number of a defender ' s counterforce military targets , the defender should not retaliate in this situation against the aggressor ' s civilian populace . However , another moral position is that because they are the aggressor , and therefore are starting the conflict , they should not be treated with a " gloves on " approach , as that would give further incentive to be an aggressor . International law . The intentional targeting of civilians with military force , including nuclear weapons , is prohibited by international law . In particular , the Fourth Geneva Convention prevents attacks on certain types of civilian targets and the Protocol I states that civilian objects are not acceptable military targets . ( Not all states are party to Protocol I . ) Nonetheless , " proportional " collateral damage is allowed , which could justify attacks on military objectives in cities .
XIII Corps ( Grande Armée ) The XIII Corps of the " Grande Armée " was the name of a French military formation that existed during the Napoleonic Wars . The corps was formed in the spring of 1813 and Marshal Louis - Nicolas Davout was appointed as its commander . The corps included three French infantry divisions and attached cavalry . In the spring campaign the corps was assigned to defend northern Germany . Accordingly , Davout seized Hamburg and prepared to defend it against the Allies . In September 1813 , one brigade was defeated at the Battle of the Göhrde by the Allies . After Emperor Napoleon ' s decisive defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in October , the XIII Corps became isolated in Hamburg . An Allied army under Levin August , Count von Bennigsen initiated the Siege of Hamburg in December . Under Davout ' s leadership , the corps repelled three attacks in February 1814 and a fourth attack in April . Davout was only persuaded to surrender in mid - May by direct orders from the new French government after Napoleon abdicated . Thanks to the iron discipline of Davout , the behavior of the XIII Corps soldiers toward the citizens of Hamburg was exemplary , compared to the usual rough treatment non - combatants often received from French soldiers of the era . Order of Battle . Hamburg 1814 . XIII Corps : Marshal Louis - Nicolas Davout ( 40 , 000 ) " Source : "
Siege of Santarém ( 1184 ) The Siege of Santarém , lasted from June 1184 to July 1184 . In the spring of 1184 , Abu Yaqub Yusuf assembled an army , crossed the straits of Gibraltar and marched to Seville . From there he marched towards Badajoz and headed west to besiege Santarém , which was defended by Afonso I of Portugal . Upon hearing of Abu Yusuf ' s attack , Ferdinand II of León marched his troops to Santarém to support his father - in - law , Afonso I . Death of Yusuf . Abu Yusuf , believing he had sufficient troops to maintain the siege , sent orders for part of his army to march to Lisbon and lay siege to that city . The orders were misinterpreted and his army , seeing large contingents of men leaving the battle , became confused and started to retreat . Abu Yusuf , in an attempt to rally his troops , was wounded by a crossbow bolt and died on July 29 , 1184 . Papal recognition . The victory at Santarém was a major achievement for Afonso I . Pope Alexander III formally recognized him as " rex Portugalensium " .