naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Newton Henry Mason Newton Henry Mason ( 24 December 1918 – May 1942 ) was a decorated United States Navy fighter pilot of World War II who was killed in action at the Battle of the Coral Sea . Mason was born in New York City on 24 December 1918 . He enlisted as a seaman in the United States Naval Reserve on 7 November 1940 and on 10 February 1941 was appointed an aviation cadet . Assigned to U . S . Navy Fighting Squadron 3 ( VF - 3 ) aboard the aircraft carrier as an F4F Wildcat fighter pilot in September 1941 , he reported to VF - 3 while it was stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa in Ewa , Territory of Hawaii , in January 1942 after " Saratoga " had been damaged by a Japan ese submarine torpedo . Later reassigned to Fighting Squadron 2 ( VF - 2 ) , Ensign Masons first and only aerial combat occurred during the Battle of the Coral Sea on 8 May 1942 , when he disappeared during action with Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft and was declared missing in action , probably the victim of Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters from the Japanese aircraft carrier " Shōkaku " . Mason was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his skill and courage in battle . Namesakes . The U . S . Navy destroyer escort , in commission from 1944 to 1945 , was named in his honor . The guided - missile destroyer , commissioned in 2003 , is indirectly named for him , as the ship is named for two previous ships named USS " Mason " , one of which is USS " Mason " ( DE - 529 ) .
Marie - Madeleine Fourcade Marie - Madeleine Fourcade ( 1909 , Marseille - 1989 ) was the leader of the French Resistance network " Alliance , " after the arrest of its former leader Georges Loustaunau - Lacau , during the occupation of France in the Second World War , In 1945 , she created and became president of the " Association Amicale Alliance " ( Alliance Friendly Association . She then took care of 3 , 000 resistance agents and survivors , as well as social works and the publication of " Mémorial de l ' Alliance " , dedicated to the resistance group ' s 429 dead . Published in 1968 under the title " Noah ' s Ark " , the history of the group was a bestseller . She chaired the Committee of Resistance Action from 1962 , as well as the jury of honour of Maurice Papon in 1981 . She remarried , was a mother of five children , a commander of the Légion d ' honneur , vice president of the International Union of Resistance and Deportation from 1960 and the National Association of Medal - holders from 1947 , and a member of the L . I . C . R . A . . Marie - Madeleine Fourcade was represented at the assembly of the European Communities and in 1982 chaired the Defense of Interests in France and Europe . Her last fights were for the end of the Lebanese conflict and the Klaus Barbie lawsuit in Lyon . Marie - Madeleine Fourcade died at age 80 , on July 20 , 1989 at the military hospital of Val - de - Grâce ; the government and the few survivors of the resistance group paid an exceptional homage to her on July 26 at the time of her funeral in the Saint - Louis Church of the Invalids and her burial in the Cimetière du Père - Lachaise in Paris . " Noah ' s Ark " . Fourcade wrote a memoire of her wartime experience in the book " L ' Arche de Noé " , published in 1968 , later abridged and translated into English as " Noah ' s Ark . " She describes how , as a young woman in her early 30s , she became head of the underground intelligence network which was to become known as " The Alliance . " The name of the book is a reference to the name given to the network by the Nazis , because it assigned animal names to its members , as code names . Fourcade ' s was " Hedgehog . " Their assignment was to gather information about German troop and naval movements and logistics inside France , and transmit this intelligence to Britain , using a network of clandestine radio transmitters and couriers . It was extremely dangerous work ; many of Fourcade ' s closest associates being captured , tortured and killed by the Gestapo . Some , however , were able to escape , including Fourcade herself , who escaped capture on two occasions . Arrested with her staff on November 10 , 1942 , she escaped , due to a stroke of luck and was taken by plane to London , from where she continued to direct the network . After returning to France to direct the network on the ground , she was captured a second time . Her second escape was more harrowing : in the small hours of the morning , she stripped naked and was able to force her petite body between the bars of the cell window . At the conclusion of the war , she was decorated for her outstanding service .
DAR 9 Siniger The DAR - 9 Siniger , ( tomtit or titmouse ) was a trainer produced in Bulgaria during World War II . Design and development . To provide the Bulgarian Air Force with a modern trainer , DAR took out a licence to build the Focke - Wulf Fw 44J . The first series powered by a Siemens - Halske Sh14 radial engine were built at the DAR factory , but subsequent series were built at the DSF ( " Derzhavna Samoletna Fabrika " ) Surviving aircraft in 1948 were re - engined with Walter Minor 6 . III in - line engines due to the difficulties in procuring spares and the poor condition of the Siemens - Halske engines . DAR 9 production consisted of series 1 , which was built at the DAR factory and which carried the construction numbers 88 to 93 and Series 2 to Series 5 , built at the DSF factory and which carried construction numbers 95 to 130 . Operational history . The DAR 9s were used for training at the Kazanlak Air School until at least 1949 . Nine surplus DAR 9s were transferred to the Yugoslavian Air Force in 1947 , withdrawn from service by 1958 . One DAR 9 is preserved at the Technicki Muzej , Zagreb , Croatia .
USS Luiseno ( ATF - 156 ) USS " Luiseno " ( ATF - 156 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named after the Luiseño peoples ( the southernmost division of the Shoshone Indians of California , who received their name from Mission San Luis Rey de Francia , the most important Spanish mission in their territory ) , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . " Luiseno " was laid down 7 November 1944 by the Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock Company of Charleston , South Carolina ; launched 17 March 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . William J . Roth , Jr . ; and commissioned 16 June 1945 with Lieutenant William O . Talley in command . Service history . After shakedown , " Luiseno " operated out of Norfolk , Virginia and Boston before sailing for Florida 28 July . For the rest of the year she performed salvage and target towing services in the Florida / Cuba area . During the summer of 1946 the fleet tug made a cruise to Bremerhaven , Germany to tow a 350 - ton crane to Cristóbal in the Canal Zone , arriving there 20 September . From 1946 " Luiseno " performed miscellaneous duties including target towing , salvage operations , and other vital services , along the east coast , in the Caribbean and from her home port , Newport , Rhode Island . During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 she operated out of the Guantanamo Naval Base , ready to perform any duty for which she would be called . " Luiseno " removed aircraft wreckage from the 1966 Palomares B - 52 crash for dumping in the Atlantic . Despite the lack of fanfare , the accomplishments of this fleet tug contribute significantly to the strength of the world ' s mightiest fleet . Decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1 July 1975 , " Luiseno " was subsequently transferred to Argentina under terms of the Security Assistance Program and renamed ARA " Francisco de Gurruchaga " ( A - 3 ) . Still in service as of 2009 . " Luiseno " received the Navy Unit Commendation , Navy Expeditionary Medal ( 2 - Cuba ) , American Campaign Medal , World War II Victory Medal , National Defense Service Medal , and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal ( 1 - Cuba ) . " Gurruchaga " incident . On February 19 , 1982 , six weeks before the beginning of the Falklands War , an incident occurred that could have sparked a full fledged war between Chile and Argentina during the Papal mediation in the Beagle conflict . ARA " Gurruchaga " was anchored at Deceit Island inside the Beagle zone under mediation in Vatican , ostensibly providing support for sports boats participating in the Rio de Janeiro - Sydney boat race . The " Quidora " torpedo Boat approached and ordered the Argentine ship to leave the area . She fired several warning shots when the Argentine craft refused to move , as other Chilean ships converged to the scene . Although originally ordered not to leave the area and to wait for Argentine warships to arrive , the Argentine patrol boat received new orders to proceed to port as it became obvious that the Chilean navy had no intentions of backing down .
BK 37 The Bordkanone BK 3 , 7 ( " ( on - ) board cannon 37 " ) was a 37mm anti - tank / bomber autocannon based on the earlier 37 mm Flak 18 made by Rheinmetall . It was mounted on World War II Luftwaffe aircraft such as the anti - tank or bomber - destroyer versions of the Junkers Ju 87 D - 3 and G - 2 , Henschel Hs 129 B - 2 / R3 , Messerschmitt Bf 110 G - 2 / R1 - 3 , and others . The cannon could be attached under the wings or fuselage of the aircraft as a self - contained gun pod with a 12 - round magazine . It fired APCR ( Tungsten hard core ) ammunition or high explosive shells in 37x263B mm caliber at 160 rounds per minute . Service history . BK - 37 equipped ground attack aircraft were developed for use in the anti - tank role on the Eastern Front in a somewhat desperate effort to blunt the massive numerical superiority of the Soviet T - 34 as the war turned against Germany . The concept was rather rudimentary , suffered from various issues ( primarily poor accuracy , severe weight penalty making the craft vulnerable to fighters , and a low ammunition capacity ) , but could be extremely effective when operated by a sufficiently skilled and practiced ground - attack pilot ( Hans - Ulrich Rudel in his BK - 37 armed Stuka being the ultimate example ) . The heavy caliber autocannon - armed series of Ju 88P twin - engined attack aircraft series used twin BK 3 , 7 cannon , mounted side - by - side in a conformal ventral fuselage gun pod , in its Ju 88P - 2 and P - 3 versions . The P - 3 version only differed through the addition of extra defensive armor . As with other examples of the P - series , the Ju 88P - 2 and P - 3 were perceived as failures in both anti - tank and bomber destroyer role . In contrast to the previous method ( bombs delivered by dive bombing ) , when the BK - 37 was employed in a top attack profile against the especially thin upper turret and engine compartment armor of a tank , kills could be achieved with a relatively light and cheap armor piercing projectile that could be carried in much greater quantities than bombs , but would be insufficient to penetrate if fired horizontally from the ground in the normal method . This was the first known implementation of a medium airborne cannon in the top down anti - tank role , and was the direct inspiration for later designs such as the 30mm GAU - 8 / A Avenger equipping the A - 10 Thunderbolt II . Although revolutionary , the concept was implemented too late and in too few numbers to appreciably impact the course of the war for Germany . One of the two surviving Junkers Ju 87 s is a G - 2 model displayed at the Royal Air Force Museum London . The aircraft ' s wings have the attachment points for BK 37 gun pods , but it is not displayed with them fitted .
Archibald Campbell , 2nd Earl of Argyll Gillespie Archibald Campbell , 2nd Earl of Argyll ( died 9 September 1513 ) was a Scottish nobleman and politician who was killed at the Battle of Flodden . Biography . Argyll was the eldest son of Colin Campbell , 1st Earl of Argyll and Isabel Stewart , daughter of John Stewart , 2nd Lord Lorne . He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495 . After a crisis of law and order in the west of Scotland , Argyll was made governor of Tarbert Castle and Baillie of Knapdale , and this was followed by an appointment as Royal Lieutenant in the former Lordship of the Isles on 22 April 1500 . Argyll eventually rose to the position of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland . His " clan " was rivalled only by Clan Gordon . The Earls of Argyll were hereditary Sheriffs of Lorne and Argyll . However , a draft record of the 1504 Parliament of Scotland records a move to request Argyll to hold his Sherriff Court at Perth , where the King and his council could more easily oversee proceedings , if the Earl was found at fault . The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll ' s kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart . These western chiefs supported the suppressed Lordship of the Isles . The Earl of Argyll was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513 , with the king and many others . Family . By his wife Elizabeth , a daughter of John Stewart , 1st Earl of Lennox , Argyll had issue :
Christian Ulrik Gyldenløve Christian Ulrik Gyldenløve ( 3 February 1611 - 6 October 1640 ) was a Danish diplomat and military officer . He was one of three acknowledged illegitimate sons of Christian IV of Denmark — the only one by Kirsten Madsdatter . He died in a fight with troops from the Netherlands at the churchyard of Meinerzhagen and was buried in Wesel .
Polish Air Force order of battle in 1939 The following is the order of battle of the Polish Air Force prior to the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War of 1939 . During the mobilization waves of March and August of that year , all peace - time units were deployed to airfields throughout the country and attached to respective commands of Air Force , Naval Air Service and squadrons supporting each of the Polish armies . In the last stages of the air campaign , whole units coordinated all actions in the fight against the invaders . The Polish fighters claimed 134 air victories , including 7 enemy aeroplanes shot down by Polish PZL P . 7 a fighters , 125 by PZL P . 11 fighters of all types ( mostly P . 11c , several P . 11a ) , and 2 downed by PZL P . 11 g . In addition , the Polish air forces had a number of PZL . 37 Łoś and PZL . 23 Karaś bombers , as well as a number of non - combat planes used for reconnaissance , observation , communications , army cooperation and transport . Among the latter were Lublin R - XIII , LWS - 3 Mewa , RWD - 8 , RWD - 14 Czapla , PWS - 10 and PWS - 26 . Command structure . The Polish war - time command structure was based on inter - war structure of the air forces . Apart from two air brigade s held in reserve by the Commander in Chief ( one of them being the Bomber Brigade , the other - Pursuit Brigade ) , Polish forces were divided onto the following units : Each escadrille was given a respective number and a proper name , depending on its main tasks . Hence the escadrilles were divided onto : The second number in the name of each of the fighter squadrons shows part of which air regiment the unit was part of , prior to mobilisation . For example the " III / 1 dywizjon myśliwski " ( composed of " 111 eskadra myśliwska " and " 112 eskadra myśliwska " ) was part of the " 1st Air Regiment " located in Warsaw . Reserve of the Commander in Chief . The strategic reserve of the commander in chief of the Polish Army consisted of two air brigades stationed around Warsaw and additional communications squadrons used for easier handling of orders from the headquarters to respective armies . Altogether , on 1 September 1939 Edward Rydz - Śmigły had 146 combat aeroplanes and 60 non - combat planes at his disposal . Army aviation . In addition to the above mentioned units , the gros of the Polish aviation was attached to land units of corps - and army - size . They were to provide necessary support in all roles . In all , various units of the Polish Army had 288 planes at their disposal , including 246 combat planes and 42 support planes .
Coast Guard Air Station Astoria Coast Guard Air Station Astoria was established August 14 , 1964 at Astoria Regional Airport in Warrenton , Oregon . The unit houses 67 active duty , 24 reserve duty and one civilian personnel . The unit operates three Sikorsky HH - 60 Jayhawk helicopters . According to a 2003 press release the unit ' s annual budget is $ 1 , 107 , 051 . The units functions include search and rescue , law enforcement , aids to navigation support , and environmental protection . Air Station Astoria served as one of the filming locations for the movie " The Guardian " ( 2006 ) .
Convair B - 36 Peacemaker The Convair B - 36 Peacemaker was a long - range strategic bomber built by Convair and exclusively operated by the United States Air Force . The Peacemaker had the largest wingspan of any combat plane ever built , though some cargo craft were larger . The B - 36 was the first aircraft designed around the specifically to deliver nuclear weapon s . The B - 36 was designed to travel a maximum range of 6 , 000 mi . and to deliver up to 72 , 000 lbs . of ordinance . Fighter Carrier . The United States Military Had the idea of having the B - 36 carry a single Thunderflash fighter
Commander - in - Chief , Western Approaches Commander - in - Chief , Western Approaches was the commander of a major operational command of the Royal Navy during World War II . The admiral commanding , and his forces , sometimes informally known as ' Western Approaches Command , ' were responsible for the safety of British shipping in the Western Approaches . History . Admiral Martin Dunbar - Nasmith , who had been Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth , also took over responsibility for the Western Approaches from the start of World War II . After the fall of France in June 1940 , the main North Atlantic convoy routes were diverted around the north of Ireland through the north - western approaches . By late 1940 , the location of the Combined Operations headquarters at Plymouth was increasingly awkward and the decision was taken to move the Combined Operations headquarters to Liverpool . On 7 February 1941 , the headquarters was established at Derby House , Liverpool , with a secondary control bunker built in Magee College , Londonderry . The headquarters of No . 15 Group RAF ( part of Coastal Command ) moved to Liverpool at the same time . On 17 February 1941 Admiral Sir Percy Noble was appointed as the new Commander - in - Chief , Western Approaches Command . Over the next two years , Admiral Noble built up the bases for the North Atlantic escort groups at Greenock on the Clyde , Londonderry and Liverpool and set up the training facilities that were the foundations for eventual victory in the Battle of the Atlantic . On 19 November 1942 , Admiral Noble was replaced by Admiral Max Horton , who was Commander - in - Chief from that day until Western Approaches Command closed on 15 August 1945 . Horton ’ s leadership played a vital role in the final defeat of the U - boat menace . Horton used the increasing number of escorts that were available to the command to organize " support groups " that were used to reinforce convoys that came under attack . Unlike the regular escort groups , the support groups were not directly responsible for the safety of any particular convoy . This lack of responsibility gave them much greater tactical flexibility , allowing the support groups to detach ships to hunt submarine s spotted by reconnaissance or picked up by high - frequency direction finding ( HF / DF ) . In situations where the regular escorts would have had to return to their convoy , the support groups were able to persist in hunting a submarine for many hours until it was forced to the surface . The reinforced central core of the command bunker at Derby House , Liverpool proved too costly to demolish , and so whilst the rest of the building has been converted to modern offices , the bunker has been restored as a museum , open to the public . The museum is known as the Western Approaches - Liverpool War Museum . Commanders - in - Chief , Western Approaches . Commanders - in - Chief included :
Pukara Pukara ( Aymara and Quechua for " fortress " , hispanicized spellings " pucara , pucará " ) is a ruin of the fortification s made by the natives of the central Andean culture s ( that is to say : from Ecuador to the Central Valley of Chile and the Argentine Northwest ) and particularly to those of the Inca . The Spanish also referred to Mapuche earthen forts in the Arauco War by this term . Furthermore , one of the most refined branches of the Chavín culture is sometimes referred to as " Pukara culture " or " Pukara style " . It seems to have been a foundation of the later Wari Empire and Tiwanaku culture . Today , the term is commonly found in toponym s of the Andes region , like for the " pukaras " of Andalicán , Angol , Camiña , Cañete , Chena , Nama , Quiapo , Tilcara , Turi , Cerro La Muralla , La Compañia , Lasan , Quitor and Puka Pukara .
United States Army Gas School The United States Army Gas School was established during World War I at Camp A . A . Humphreys in Virginia . The first courses began in May 1918 and the school was designed to instruct commissioned and noncommissioned officers in chemical warfare . History . In late October 1917 the War College was badly underprepared for large - scale chemical warfare in World War I . With many U . S . soldiers operating in a chemical environment with no knowledge of chemical warfare the War College requested a British gas officers and NCOs , the requests were granted . The British experts arrived and were directed and coordinated by Major S . J . M . Auld . Auld was tasked with composing a " working textbook on gas " for the U . S . Army . Among Auld ' s recommendations was an idea the General Staff had already been considering , the establishment of a central Army Gas School . As a result of Auld ' s suggestion the Army Gas School was established at Camp A . A . Humphreys , Virginia . The school , beginning in May 1918 , offered two initial courses . One course was a four - day class on general information about gas warfare and was offered to commissioned and noncommissioned officer s . The second course was a 12 - day affair for Chief Gas Officers which went into greater detail about chemical warfare . Upon its establishment , Ross A . Baker was given charge of training for Chief Gas Officers at the Army Gas School . Baker was the Chief Gas Officer at Camp Pike in Arkansas and a professor of chemistry at the University of Minnesota before taking the post at Camp Humphreys . Later in the month of October 1917 the entire Army Gas School operation was transferred to Camp Kendrick .
USS Montauk ( SP - 392 ) USS " Montauk " ( SP - 392 ) was a trawler acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War I . She was outfitted as a coastal minesweeper and was assigned to the 6th Naval District based at Charleston , South Carolina . During a gale off the southeast coast of the United States , she ran aground on Cumberland Island and was destroyed , with a loss of life of seven of her crew . Built in Delaware . The second ship to be so named by the U . S . Navy , " Montauk " ( SP 392 ) , built originally at Kennebunk , Maine , in 1880 , was rebuilt at Wilmington , Delaware , in 1905 ; and acquired by the Navy through purchase from the Fisheries Products Company , Wilmington , North Carolina , 17 August 1917 . World War I service . Placed in service as a coastal minesweeper soon thereafter , " Montauk " patrolled the coastline of the 6th Naval District until 21 August 1918 . Run aground and lost . Cruising at that time off the Georgia and Florida coast , " Montauk " was lost , with seven of her crew , when she ran aground and foundered at Cumberland Island , one of the barrier islands off the Georgia coast — known as the Sea Islands — in a northeasterly gale . " Montauk " was approximately 20 miles from Fernandina , Florida , at the time .