naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st Army ( German Empire ) The 1st Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VIII Army Inspection . The army was dissolved on 17 September 1915 , but reformed on 19 July 1916 during the Battle of the Somme . It was finally disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war . History . First formation . The 1st Army during World War I , fought on the Western Front and took part in the Schlieffen Plan offensive against France and Belgium in August 1914 . Commanded by General Alexander von Kluck , the 1st Army ' s job was to command the extreme right of the German forces in attacking the left flank of the French Army and encircling Paris , bringing a rapid conclusion to the war . His army had the greatest striking power of the offensive , a density of about 18 , 000 men per mile of front ( about 10 per meter ) . The First Army captured Brussels on August 20 and was almost successful in defeating France but was halted just 13 miles outside the French capital in the First Battle of the Marne that took place in early September . Von Kluck was replaced in 1915 after being seriously wounded in the leg . With 10 army level commands ( 1st to 7th Armies plus three " Armee - Abteilungen " ) , the German Supreme Command felt able to dispense with 1st Army . Its units were distributed amongst neighbouring armies and the army was dissolved on 17 September 1915 . Second formation . 2nd Army bore the brunt of the Allied attack in the Battle of the Somme . It had grown to such an extent that a decision was made to divide it . The 1st Army was reformed on 19 July 1916 from the right ( northern ) wing of the 2nd Army . The former commander of 2nd Army , General der Infanterie Fritz von Below , took command of 1st Army and 2nd Army got a new commander General der Artillerie Max von Gallwitz . Von Gallwitz was also installed as commander of " Heeresgruppe Gallwitz - Somme " to co - ordinate the actions of both armies on the Somme . At the end of the war it was serving as part of " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " . Order of Battle , 30 October 1918 . By the end of the war , the 1st Army was organised as : Commanders . The original 1st Army had the following commanders until it was dissolved 17 September 1915 : A " new " 1st Army was formed from the right ( northern ) wing of the 2nd Army during the Battle of the Somme .
Battle of Pickett ' s Mill The Battle of Pickett ' s Mill was fought on May 27 , 1864 , in Paulding County , Georgia , during the American Civil War between Union and Confederate forces . Union Maj . Gen . William Tecumseh Sherman attempted an attack on the right flank of Confederate Gen . Joseph E . Johnston . After the Union defeat at New Hope Church , Sherman ordered Maj . Gen . Oliver O . Howard to attack Johnston ' s seemingly exposed right flank . The Confederates were ready for the attack , which did not unfold as planned because supporting troops never appeared . The Confederates repulsed the attack causing high casualties . Author Ambrose Bierce fought for the Union at Pickett ' s Mill as a topographical engineer under William Babcock Hazen . Bierce ' s short story " The Crime at Pickett ' s Mill " is about this battle . The address of Pickett ' s Mill Battlefield Historic Site is 4432 Mt . Tabor Church Rd , Dallas , Georgia 30157
Gaj - class tugboat " Gaj " - class of offshore tugboats are series two auxiliary watercraft built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited , Kolkata for Indian navy . The vessels in the class are Indian Navy ' s biggest tugboats and can be used for rowing aircraft carriers . Description . Each vessel in the class have a 40 ton bollard pull and are powered by twin Garden Reach G7V diesel engines coupled to two propellers with output of 3920 bhp . They have four foam monitors installed for firefighting operation . The vessels have a high speed of 15 Knots and are also fitted with diving and salvage equipment . They carries a RCC ( Recompression Chamber ) and can render a limited submarine rescue services .
Siege of Goorumconda The Siege of Goorumconda ( 15 September – 25 December 1791 ) was a series of conflicts fought at Goorumconda , a hill fort northeast of Bangalore , during the Third Anglo - Mysore War . An army of the Nizam of Hyderabad , assisted by British East India Company forces , successfully captured the outer works of the town on 20 November , after one month ' s siege . Following this , the British troops , which had stormed the works , turned the town over to a detachment of the Nizam ' s troops . These were surprised and slaughtered by a detachment of Mysorean troops led by Tipu Sultan ' s son on 20 November , who resupplied the fort . The works were again captured by the British on 25 December .
Ivo Herenčić Ivo Herenčić ( 28 February 1910 , Bjelovar – 8 December 1978 , Buenos Aires , Argentina ) was a general of the Croatian World War II Ustaše regime in charge of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II . By 1944 Herenčić rose to be the commander of all Ustaše units which had been merged with the regular Domobran army by this point . At war ' s end , and the postwar flight to Bleiburg , he was in command of the Fifth Ustaše Corps . Herenčić was one of the officials responsible for organizing the surrender of Croatian troops to the British as part of Operation Keelhaul . Herenčić was the most senior officer at the meeting with Brigadier Patrick Scott . The result of this meeting was considered unsuccessful by Herenčić as it was decided that retreating Croat soldiers and civilians would not be allowed to pass further than the Austrian border . Herenčić had a second meeting , in Bleiburg , where Scott decided that his troops would have to surrender their arms to the Yugoslav Partisans . Ironically , while he was not able to negotiate Croatian passage into Austria , he himself was able to break through the British occupiers , and made his way to Italy . From there he travelled to Argentina , where he died December 8 , 1978 in Buenos Aires , aged 68 .
Ashley Chadbourne McKinley Ashley Chadbourne McKinley ( June 23 , 1896 in Marshall , Texas - February 11 , 1970 ) was an accomplished American aerial photographer and colonel in the U . S . Army Air Corps who helped pioneer aviation at subzero temperatures . He accompanied Richard E . Byrd as an aerial photographer on his expedition to the South Pole . Biography . He joined the Missouri National Guard in 1916 . He enlisted in the United States Army Signal Corps and became a dirigible pilot . During World War I , he commanded a balloon observation company . He later taught aerial photography and surveying . He attained the rank of captain . In 1926 , McKinley left army service to begin and aerial surveying and photography service . In 1928 - 1929 , he was a photographer for the Byrd Antarctic Expedition . He was presented the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1930 . In 1941 , he rejoined the Army Air Corps . He was in charge of the cold - weather operations of the Army Air Force at Ladd Field in Fairbanks , Alaska . McKinley was the first person to suggest that U . S . aircraft be constructed to operate in subzero temperatures and that the Air Force should build a facility to test aircraft in subzero temperatures . He was transferred to Eglin Field for the construction of the facility . After retiring from the Army in 1947 , he was a civilian consultant for Admiral Richard Byrd . He died in Florida and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery . In June 1971 , the McKinley Climatic Laboratory at Eglin Air Force Base was named in his honor .
Frederick Hamilton March Frederick Hamilton March , GC ( 6 August 1891 – 30 October 1977 ) was an Australian soldier and adventurer . He served in the Middle East during the First World War . He received the Empire Gallantry Medal , then the highest civilian gallantry award in the British Empire , for his conduct during the assassination of the Governor - General of Sudan , Sir Lee Stack . He was involved with the Sudanese Ministry of Agriculture during his later working career . Life . March was born at Bowning , New South Wales . His parents were from Gundaroo . He claimed that he ran away from his home , and stowed away on a ship sailing from Sydney to San Francisco . In the United States , he worked with General Motors in Detroit , Michigan . Before the First World War , he returned to New South Wales . He was employed as a picture show man . He also ran hire cars at Moss Vale . When the First World War started , March enlisted as a private in the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) in September 1915 , giving his occupation as chauffeur . He served in the Middle East with the 7th Light Horse Regiment . He was discharged from the AIF in 1919 in Egypt , having achieved the rank of sergeant . After the war , he never returned to his home country . March worked as a chauffeur to Sir Lee Stack , the Governor - General of the Anglo - Egyptian Sudan . On 19 November 1924 , Stack was shot and assassinated . March was also wounded , but he evaded a second hail of bullets by skilful driving . He was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal ( EGM ) from King George V . On the publication of the warrant creating the George Cross ( GC ) by King George VI , in January 1941 , all holders of the EGM were instructed to return that medal , and it was replaced by the GC . He received compensation money for his wounds , and he bought a garage in Cairo with that money . March worked on military road - building projects in Sinai and Palestine in the Second World War . He lost contact with his family after the death of his mother in 1948 . He was involved with the Sudanese Ministry of Agriculture for the rest of his working life . He received the Queen ' s Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977 . He died on 30 October 1977 . He was buried in the Christian cemetery in Khartoum . In 1978 , he was reburied in the adjacent Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery at the insistence of the Returned and Services League of Australia .
Werner Rode Werner Rode ( 6 November 1912 – 2 November 2002 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Werner Rode joined the Bundeswehr in 1960 and retired in 1970 .
Aircraft Identity Corps The Aircraft identity Corps was a Canadian civil defence organisation operating between 1940 and 1945 . It was formed in 1940 by Air Vice - Marshal George Croil . By war ' s end it had over 30 , 000 members . The corps was to report suspicious aircraft and guard against German , Japanese , and Italian attack . The use of observers was deemed important since Radar was not yet in widespread use . There was also a Newfoundland Aircraft Detection Corps . The Commissioner of Defence for Newfoundland was L . E . Emerson . At the Royal Canadian Air Force ' s behest he amalgamated the Aircraft Detection Corps Newfoundland with the Canadian Aircraft Detection Corps . In a March 15 , 1942 , Commissioner Emerson circulated a letter stating the " Aircraft Detection Corps Newfoundland " would be organized by the RCAF as a unit of the " Canadian Aircraft Identity Corps " . One of the letter ' s recipients was a volunteer named P . W . Crummey . Crummey also received a letter from Flight Lieutenant H . H . Graham , commanding officer of Torbay Airport ( No . 1 Group RCAF . St . John ' s ) ; glosseries of airplanes and ships ; an identity card and procedural instructions . At war ' s end volunteers received a brass Volunteer Aircraft Observer button and certificate of thanks from Canada ' s Ministry of Defence .
Cotiote War The Cotiote War refers to a series of continuous struggles fought between the Cotiote prince , Pazhassi Raja Kerala Varma , and the English East India Company across a span of fourteen years between 1792 to 1806 . Pazhassi Raja aimed to preserve the independence and unity of his kingdom while the British were determined to annex and dismember it . His own desire for independence and sense of betrayal by English on their earlier promise to respect his country ’ s independence combined with constant exhortations of his two patriot noblemen , Kaitheri Ambu and Kannavath Sankaran , led to outbreak of Cotiote War . It is the longest war waged by English East India Company during their wars of conquests in India – much longer than Anglo - Mysore Wars , Anglo - Maratha Wars , Anglo - Sikh Wars and Polygar Wars . It was one of the bloodiest and hardest wars waged by English in India – English regiments that operated suffered losses as high as eighty percent in 10 years of warfare . Cotiote army waged guerrilla warfare , chiefly centred in mountain forests of Aralam and Wynad , and larger zone of conflict extended from Mysore to Arabian Sea , from Coorg to Coimbatore . Warfare peaked in early 1797 , 1800 to 1801 , and 1803 to 1804 and due to constant reverses , Bombay regiments were withdrawn and instead Madras regiments were deployed with an increase in number of troops - from 8 , 000 in 1803 to 14 , 000 in early 1804 . Cotiote War is the only war in which famed General Arthur Wellesely , Duke of Wellington failed – Wellesely himself admitted that Cotiote War cannot be won as long as Raja was alive and his prediction came true . Cotiote War ended within months of death of Cotiote leader , Pazhassi Raja in a skirmish on November 30 of 1805 . Following this war , kingdom of Cotiote was annexed into district of Malabar in Madras Presidency . English had 6 , 000 men in the beginning which was increased to 8 , 000 in 1800 and to 14 , 000 in 1804 - Arthur Wellesley was in charge of operations between 1800 and 1804 . Cotiote army manpower is not exactly known - estimates vary between 2 , 000 and 6 , 000 . Cotiote army was well equipped with fire - locks but ran short of musket ammunition after 1799 and so used bows and swords widely . 10 years of war had caused 80 percent loss in British ranks - both European officers and Sepoys . But no estimate is available about death roll in Cotiote armies .
Richard Pile Richard Pile ( born 1849 ) was an ordinary seaman serving in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Pile was born in 1849 on Barbados and after immigrating to the United States he joined the navy . He was stationed aboard the as an ordinary seaman when , on April 12 , 1872 several members of the crew were drowning . For his actions received the Medal of Honor March 20 , 1905 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Ordinary Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 1849 , West Indies . Accredited to : Massachusetts . G . O . No . : 176 , 9 July 1872 . Citation : Serving on board the U . S . S . Kansas , Pile displayed great coolness and self - possession at the time Comdr . A . F . Crosman and others were drowned , near Greytown , Nicaragua , 12 April 1872 , and by his extraordinary heroism and personal exertion prevented greater loss of
Marie Odee Johnson Marie Odee Johnson ( July 23 , 1897 – September 25 , 2004 ) was an American who was one of the last surviving female veterans from the First World War . As a Yeoman ( F ) , Johnson was among the first group of women to serve in the United States Navy in a non - nursing capacity . She died in her sleep in Texas at the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center at the age of 107 . Marie Odee Johnson was born in Quincy , Illinois , but her family moved to Dallas , Texas , when she was an infant . She was serving as a secretary with the FBI in Dallas when the United States entered World War I and joined up at age 20 . Johnson was stationed in New York City and Washington , D . C . during the war , and returned to her job with the FBI afterwards .
Raymon W . Herndon Raymon W . Herndon ( 1918 – 1942 ) was a United States Marine who received a posthumous Navy Cross for his actions in the Guadalcanal campaign during World War II . Biography . Raymon W . Herndon was born on 1 November 1918 at Waterboro , South Carolina . He reported for active duty with the United States Marine Corps on 29 April 1942 at New River , North Carolina . During World War II , Private First Class Herndon was serving with the 1st Marine Division during action against Japan ese forces on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands on 14 September 1942 . While engaged in a hazardous reconnaissance patrol on the southern slope of a hill , Herndon was mortally wounded . With the Japanese advancing rapidly on his position , and realizing that he had no chance to survive , he asked that he be left with a weapon to cover the withdrawal of his patrol to the top of the hill . Awards . Private First Class Herndon was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for " extraordinary heroism and outstanding courage . . . His brave and loyal fighting spirit above the call of duty , was in keeping with the highest traditions of the U . S . Naval Service . He gallantly gave up his life in the service of his country . " Namesake . The United States Navy destroyer escort USS " Raymon W . Herndon " ( DE - 688 ) was named for Private First Class Herndon . She was converted during construction into the high - speed transport USS " Raymon W . Herndon " ( APD - 121 ) and was in commission as such from 1944 to 1946 .
Antonio Amantea Sottotenente Antonio Amantea was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories . He lived to become the last surviving Italian ace of the war . World War I service . Amantea was working as an electrician when he was conscripted into Italian military in September 1914 . He volunteered for aviation . A year later , on 1 September 1915 , " Sergente " Amantea pinned on his wings . His first assignment was to fly artillery spotting missions in a Caudron G - 3 on the Isonzo front . He flew 173 combat sorties over the next few months before being picked for fighter training in February 1917 . In late March , he returned to action as a member of " 71a Squadriglia " , flying over the Asiago plateau . On 2 August 1917 , he scored his first confirmed victory , although he had to break off his attack because of a bum magneto and sputtering engine and crashland his own plane . He submitted a claim for the 23rd that went unverified . However , he had better luck the next day , sharing a confirmed win over an Albatros D . III with Antonio Riva but not having a solo second victory confirmed . In December 1917 , he upgraded to piloting a Spad VII . By the time he ended his triumphant string on 3 May 1918 , he had posted nine victory claims to have five confirmed under the stringent rules used by the Italians . Postwar . Amantea left Italian aviation with the rank of " Tenente " . In 1922 , he returned . He fought in the Ethiopian War , and worked his way up to " Colonello " by June 1940 , when Italy entered World War II . He was commanding Galatina Airfield when Italy declared its armistice on 8 September 1943 . He served three more years , retiring in 1946 . By the time of his death on 13 July 1983 in Lecce , he was the last surviving Italian ace from World War I .
1st Surface to Air Missiles Brigade ( Romania ) The 1st Surface to Air Missiles Brigade " General Nicolae Dăscălescu " ( " Brigada 1 Rachete Sol - Aer " ) , is the main air defense unit of the Romanian Air Force . Its headquarters are located in Bucharest . The brigade was created on August 1 , 1973 , by gathering together the 18th and 19th SAM regiments . In 1995 , it received the honorific name " General Nicolae Dăscălescu " and a new battle flag . The main task of the 1st SAM Brigade is Bucharest ' s air defense . The brigade ' s area of responsibility covers approximately 20 , 000 square km . in four counties ( Giurgiu , Ialomiţa , Dâmboviţa and Călăraşi ) . The unit currently operates S - 75 M3 " Volhov " and MIM - 23 Hawk missile systems .
Yokusan Sonendan The was an elite para - military youth branch of the " Taisei Yokusankai " political party of wartime Empire of Japan established in January 1942 , and based on the model of the German Sturmabteilung ( stormtroopers ) . Members received a deep political indoctrination and basic military training . Their responsibilities included forming part of the home guard to assist in matters of civil defense under the direction of official local authorities . They were issued mostly obsolete weapons provided to the organization under orders from their Director - General Kingoro Hashimoto , and were intended to assist local efforts in fire fighting following air raid s , distribution of emergency supplies and rendering basic first aid . The most advanced pupils were earmarked for eventual enrollment in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy , or for a future role as elected local politicians within the " Taisei Yokusankai " organization . In addition to its civil defence and para - military role , the Yokusan Sonendan was also tasked with assisting the local " tonarigumi " organizations and the " Kempeitai " in watching for any signs of subversive ideologies in their local areas and reporting any anti - war or anti - government activities . In the last stages of World War II , the members receiving additional military training in the use of anti - tank weapons and light machine gun s , for conversion into reserve combat units to support Japan ' s remaining troops against the projected invasion of the Japanese homeland by the Allies . The group suffered heavy combat casualties during the Battle of Okinawa . The Yokusan Sonendan was disbanded on 30 May 1945 and its membership merged into the Volunteer Fighting Corps .