naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
In Flanders Fields Museum The In Flanders ' Fields Museum is devoted to the study of World War I and occupies the second floor of the Cloth Hall , Ypres in Belgium . The building was virtually destroyed by artillery fire during the Battles of Ypres and has been reconstructed . The curator , Piet Chielens , is a World War I historian . The museum is named for the famous poem by Canadian John McCrae . Visitors to the museum will find no glorification of war ; rather the museum suggests the futility of war , especially as seen in Flanders in World War I . Following a closure for refurbishments , the museum has reopened in June 2012 . The renovation goes well beyond a new layout and embellishments , and is aimed at providing visitors with a more intense perception and richer experience . It also presents a general introduction to World War I in Flanders with reference to other sites and museums , and is intented to encourage the visitor to view the actual sites for themselves . The museum includes a new World War I research centre .
Richard Overy Richard James Overy ( born 23 December 1947 ) is a British historian who has publish ed extensively on the history of World War II and the Third Reich . In 2007 as " The Times " editor of " Complete History of the World " he chose the 50 key dates of world history . Biography . After being educated at Caius College , Cambridge and awarded a research fellow ship at Churchill College , Overy taught history at Cambridge from 1972 to 1979 , as a fellow of Queens ' College and from 1976 as a university assistant lecturer . In 1980 he moved to King ' s College London , where he became professor of modern history in 1994 . He was appointed to a professorship in Exeter University in 2004 . In the late 1980s , Overy was involved in a historical dispute with Timothy Mason that mostly played out over the pages of the " Past and Present " journal over the reasons for the outbreak of World War II in 1939 . Mason had contended that a " flight into war " had been imposed on Adolf Hitler by a structural economic crisis , which confronted Hitler with the choice of making difficult economic decisions or aggression . Overy argued against Mason ' s thesis , maintaining that though Germany was faced with economic problems in 1939 , the extent of these problems cannot explain aggression against Poland and the reasons for the outbreak of war were due to the choices made by the Nazi leadership . For Overy , the problem with Mason ' s thesis was that it rested on the assumption that in a way not shown by records , information was passed on to Hitler about the " Reich " ' s economic problems . Overy argued that there was a difference between economic pressures induced by the problems of the Four Year Plan and economic motives to seize raw materials , industry and foreign reserves of neighboring states as a way of accelerating the Four Year Plan . Overy asserted that the repressive capacity of the German state as a way of dealing with domestic unhappiness was somewhat downplayed by Mason . Finally , Overy argued that there is considerable evidence that the German state felt they could master the economic problems of rearmament ; as one civil servant put it in January 1940 " we have already mastered so many difficulties in the past , that here too , if one or other raw material became extremely scarce , ways and means will always yet be found to get out of a fix " . Recently , another British historian , Adam Tooze , has argued for a similar position as Mason ' s in his book " The Wages of Destruction " . His work on World War II has been praised as " highly effective ( in ) the ruthless dispelling of myths " ( A . J . P . Taylor ) , " original and important " ( " New York Review of Books " ) and " at the cutting edge " ( " Times Literary Supplement " . )
Rittmeister Rittmeister ( German for " Ride master " or " Cavalry master " ) was a military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in the armies of Germany , Austria - Hungary , Scandinavia , and some other states . He would typically be in charge of a squadron ( a troop in the United States ) , and was the equivalent of a Captain . The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different languages ( all Germanic ) : The Dutch equivalent , " Ritmeester " , still serves as the official designation for officers in the cavalry branches of the Royal Dutch Army . The Norwegian equivalent , " Rittmester " , still serves as the official designation for officers in the armoured and mechanized infantry branches of the Norwegian Army . In Sweden the rank was known as " Ryttmästare " , and in Denmark ( until 1951 ) as " Ritmester " . The armies of Poland , Lithuania and Russia adopted , but localised , the Germanic term for someone of similar rank . These were : In the Polish army ( from the 15th century to the mid - 20th century ) a " Rotmistrz " commanded a formation called a " rota " . However , a " Rotmistrz " of the Husars was commander of between 100 and 180 husars , having lieutnant Husar executing his order . The Lithuanian name was " rotmistras " . In earlier times the " rotmistrz " served as the commander of an infantry or cavalry company , though sometimes he would temporarily be assigned field - grade tasks commanding an entire regiment or even a larger formation . In the cavalry the rank continued until 1945 as a company - grade title . Applied to the commander of a troop , it was equivalent to a modern - day Captain . The rank was also adopted into Russia n New Regiments as " rotmistr " ( ротмистр ) and later legalized in Table of Ranks as the cavalry position ; until 1798 , a lower - ranking " Shtavs - Rotmistr " ( штабс - ротмистр ) also existed .
French cruiser Latouche - Tréville Latouche - Tréville was an armoured cruiser of the French Navy , named in honour of Louis - René Levassor de Latouche Tréville . Built in Le Havre by the " Société des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée " and launched on 8 October 1892 , " Latouche - Tréville " served as a school ship of the École Navale , before being sent to the Eastern Mediterranean at the outbreak of the Greco - Turkish War . At the outbreak of the First World War , she was sent to Casablanca . In October 1914 , she blockaded Otranto . She operated between Bizerte and Sardinia before joining the squadron of Admiral Guépratte , and took part in the bombing of Sukhumi ; she distinguished herself in the action and received a congratulatory telegram from General Gouraud . " Latouche - Tréville " performed two other patrols in the Dardanelles , before sailing to Thessaloniki . She took part in the blockade of Greece after the Noemvriana until the end of 1918 , and returned to Toulon . She was decommissioned on 26 June 1920 , used as a floating hangar until 1925 , and scrapped in 1926 .
Billie G . Kanell Biography . Born on June 26 , 1931 , in Poplar Bluff , Missouri , Kanell later joined the Army from that city . By September 7 , 1951 , he was serving in Korea as a private in Company I of the 35th Infantry Regiment , 25th Infantry Division . On that day , near Pyongyang , his unit was attacked by a numerically superior force . When a grenade was thrown into his emplacement , he smothered the blast with his body to protect two nearby soldiers . Although severely wounded in the explosion , he used his body to shield his comrades from another grenade which was thrown seconds later . Mortally wounded in this act , Kanell was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor nine months later , on June 13 , 1952 . Aged 20 at his death , Kanell was buried at Fairdealing Cemetery in Fairdealing , Missouri . Medal of Honor citation . Kanell ' s official citation reads : Pvt . Kanell , a member of Company I , distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and outstanding courage above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy . A numerically superior hostile force had launched a fanatical assault against friendly positions , supported by mortar and artillery fire , when Pvt . Kanell stood in his emplacement exposed to enemy observation and action and delivered accurate fire into the ranks of the assailants . An enemy grenade was hurled into his emplacement and Pvt . Kanell threw himself upon the grenade , absorbing the blast with his body to protect 2 of his comrades from serious injury and possible death . A few seconds later another grenade was thrown into the emplacement and , although seriously wounded by the first missile , he summoned his waning strength to roll toward the second grenade and used his body as a shield to again protect his comrades . He was mortally wounded as a result of his heroic actions . His indomitable courage , sustained fortitude against overwhelming odds , and gallant self - sacrifice reflect the highest credit upon himself , the infantry , and the U . S . Army .
Carrier Strike Group Eight Commander , Carrier Strike Group Eight , abbreviated as CCSG - 8 or COMCARSTRKGRU 8 , is one of five U . S . Navy carrier strike group s currently assigned to the United States Fleet Forces Command . Carrier strike groups gain and maintain sea control as well as project naval airpower ashore . The current group flagship is the " Nimitz " - class aircraft carrier . The other units of the group are , , , Carrier Air Wing Seven , and the ships of Destroyer Squadron 28 : , , , , , , and . History . During 1994 , was a unit of Carrier Group Eight . During 1999 , the previous Carrier Group Eight ' s flagship was " Eisenhower " . In May and June 1998 , " Vella Gulf " completed a two - month BALTOPS Cruise , taking part in the 26th annual maritime exercise U . S . Baltic Operations ( BALTOPS ) ' 98 in the Western Baltic Sea from 8 – 19 June 1998 . During the exercise , Commander , Carrier Group Eight , commanded the exercise from the ship . From November 2001 , at the commencement of Multinational Interception Force ( MIF ) operations in the Persian Gulf , Royal Australian Navy ships came under the control ( ' chopped to the OPCON ' ) of Commander Carrier Group Eight , Rear Admiral Mark P . Fitzgerald . Fitzgerald was also serving as Commander Task Force 50 ( CTF 50 ) embarked in the carrier . The group was established by redesignation of the former Carrier Group Eight on 1 October 2004 . The Strike Group deployed on 2 January 2010 to the Middle East to help with operations by the U . S . 5th and 6th Fleets . Effective 1 October 2012 , when not deployed , Carrier Strike Group Eight is part of the U . S . Fleet Forces Command , and its commander reports to Commander Task Force 80 , the director of Fleet Forces ' Maritime Headquarters . Carrier Strike Group Eight is designated Task Group 80 . 3 . Carrier Air Wing . Carrier Air Wing Seven comprises :
Worthy Down Barracks Worthy Down Barracks is a British Army barracks near Winchester , Hampshire . It is the headquarters and depot of the Adjutant General ' s Corps and is part of the Winchester Garrison . The site is located between the villages of South Wonston and Kings Worthy . History . The site was first used as a military establishment when the Royal Naval Air Service opened an airfield on the site of the Winchester Racecourse in October 1917 as the base of the Wireless and Observers School . With the founding of the Royal Air Force in April 1918 the site was handed over . The runways were grass and sited to the North - West of the current barracks area . The site was recommissioned by the Royal Navy in 1939 as HMS Kestrel and used as a flying station by the Fleet Air Arm until 1942 when flying ceased due to the orientation of the runway . It was placed in a state of care and maintenance until 1952 when it was re - established as HMS Ariel and used as an engineering training school . The site was then handed over the Royal Army Pay Corps in 1960 and became home to the Electronic Accounting Development Unit who housed their computer centre there , as a home for an IBM 705 system . The computer was used to process the 1961 UK census electronically for the first time . With the merger of the RAPC into the AGC in 1992 the barracks became the headquarters of the AGC and training depot for members of the Staff and Personnel Support , Education and Training Services and Army Legal Service branches . In 2012 the RAF School of Administration moved to Worthy Down from Southwick Park , near Portsmouth , resulting in all three schools of the Defence School of Personnel Administration being co - located on one site . The barracks was used by the Service Personnel and Veterans Agency to house the Joint Personnel Administration project team from 2002 until 2009 . This building is now used by the Defence Food Services School ( DFSS ) The camp was served by Worthy Down railway station to the East , on the Didcot , Newbury and Southampton Railway opened in 1918 and closing finally in 1960 . The route of the railway is combined into a running circuit around the camp . The airfield area is now used as farmland . The Future . An update was given at Deepcut on 6 December 2010 on the future planned move of HQ RLC & Defence Logistics School from Deepcut to Worthy Down ( Project KESTREL ) the date of 2013 was announced for early moves , with new buildings being built from April 2013 with ' ring - fenced ' cash not affected by the ' Strategic Defence Review ' . By 2015 the training of Royal Navy Logs ( Pers ) personnel ( Writers ) will move to Worthy Down . RAF Units . Royal Air Force School of Administration - May 2012 – present . Catering Training Squadron Royal Air Force - Jan 2011 – present
Geoffrey Moss Major Geoffrey Cecil Gilbert McNeill - Moss ( 11 December 1885 – 13 August 1954 ) was a British soldier and writer who published under the name Geoffrey Moss . Moss was educated at Rugby and Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1905 . In the First World War he reached the rank of Major , before retiring in 1919 to devote himself to his writing . His first novel , " Sweet Pepper " ( 1923 ) – a romance novel set in the former Austro - Hungarian Empire in the aftermath of the First World War – was a bestseller and was followed a year later by the popular and influential short story collection , " Defeat " ( 1923 ) . Thereafter Moss published roughly a book a year until the outbreak of the Second World War , his œuvre comprising novels , short story collections , verse , children ’ s stories and works of non - fiction on European politics and military matters . Although entirely forgotten today , Moss ’ s works seem to have been extremely popular among general readers ( if not always among critics ) and influential among his fellow writers . " Defeat " , which is made up of six thematically linked short stories dealing with life in Germany in the wake of defeat in the First World War , influenced the attitudes of a number of British writers towards Germany in the interwar period , including Graham Greene who attributed his pro - German sympathies in the early 1920s to Moss ’ s stories . The popular appeal of the subject matter is also attested to by the fact that “ Isn ’ t Life Wonderful ! ” , the penultimate story in the collection , was made into an acclaimed film by American director D . W . Griffith in the mid - 1920s . Nevertheless , despite a prolific output between the wars and the popular appeal of his work , Moss never received plaudits from the critics , who tended to dismiss his fiction as sentimental and old - fashioned .
Steven G . Smith Rear Admiral Steven G . Smith , United States Navy ( Retired ) completed a 34 - year military career in January 2003 . Smith joined ViaGlobal Group , LLC in June 2006 as Chief Operating Officer . Before joining ViaGlobal he was President and Chief Executive Officer of a leading provider of Open Source Intelligence and Strategic Analysis , Intellibridge . He was later Vice President for Intelligence and Planning of a firm owned by a major defense contractor that provided high level defense and homeland security consulting . Since 2008 he has been a Senior Executive ( SES ) with the federal government at the U . S . Small Business Administration . He was the Co - Chair of the Country / Regional knowledge panel for the 2004 Defense Science Board Study on “ Transition to and from Hostilities ” . He is a previous Chairman of the Expeditionary Warfare Committee of the National Defense Industrial Association . RADM Smith ’ s background includes Navy command experience including ships and operational groups . He has particular expertise in riverine , coastal , and expeditionary warfare , including port and harbor security . Broad executive experience in defense and homeland security issues , international political / military affairs , operations management , asset protection , and the development of problem solutions for customers . Knowledgeable and experienced in strategic military plans development , requirements determination , decision analysis , risk management and resource allocation . Past senior military assignments include ; Director of Strategy and Plans ( J5 ) for the U . S . Pacific Command , Assistant Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Plans , Policy , and Operations ( N3 / 5B ) , Flag Officer Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense ( Policy ) ; Senior Military Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense ( Personnel & Readiness ) , Director Office of Program Appraisal for the Secretary of the Navy , and Commander Amphibious Group Three . Admiral Smith is currently the Director of Disaster Planning at the U . S . Small Business Administration . He works with the White House National Security Staff , FEMA , the Department of Commerce , and other domestic agencies in planning the most effective long term recovery from natural and man - made disasters . He has been a contributor to the development of the new National Disaster Recovery Framework and a facilitator and coordinator in helping to bring multiple government agencies and the private sector together in economic recovery efforts . Additionally he is the coordinator for the SBA / DoD Advanced Defence Technology Regional Innovation Clusters program helping small businesses succeed in bringing innovative technology into DoD . A graduate of the University of Texas , he has done graduate work toward a master ' s degree in world politics at Catholic University , and holds a master ' s degree in National Security Affairs and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College in Newport , R . I .
OTs - 01 Kobalt The OTs - 01 Kobalt ( , " Cobalt " ) is a Russia n double - action 9 mm revolver designed by Igor Stechkin and Boris Avraamov . The revolver was developed by TsKIB SOO from 1991 to 1992 and was meant for sale to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and to law enforcement . In 1992 it was adopted by Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation as service weapon under designation RSA ( " Revolver Stechkina - Avraamova " ) . Since 1994 it was also manufactured by " Zlatoust Machine - Building Plant " and " Uralsk Machine - Building Plant " under designation TKB - 0216 ( " ТКБ - 0216 " ) . Description . The revolver resembles a Smith & Wesson " J " - frame revolver , with its small frame , " bird ' s head " grip and an external hammer . There is a safety on the left - hand side of the grip that locks the cylinder and hammer to prevent it from accidental discharge . Since it fires rimless cartridges , the six - shot revolver is cut for " moon clip s " , sheet - metal holders that grasp the rounds by the base to allow them to be extracted easily . The revolver uses a special Y - shaped " moon clip " that loads alternate chambers and locks into the other " moon clip " . This allows alternating types of ammunition ( like hollow point or armor - piercing ) to be loaded into the same cylinder and allows the user to reload a special type of ammunition and keep the other type in reserve . It can also be used without the " moon clips " , but the spent cases would not be extractable unless pushed out from the front of the cylinder with a rod - like object , like a pen or pencil .
Peebles ' s Farm Confederate Order of Battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Peebles ' s Farm from September 30 to October 2 , 1864 . The Union order of battle is listed separately . Army of Northern Virginia . Third Corps . LTG A . P . Hill Cavalry Corps . LTG Wade Hampton III
Lewis Locke Lewis Locke ( born Louis Tacy ) ( November 5 , 1835 - January 4 , 1920 ) was a Private in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company A , 1st New Jersey Cavalry . Place and date : At Paines Crossroads , Va . , April 5 , 1865 . Entered service at : Trenton , N . J . Birth : Clintonville , N . Y . Date of issue : May 3 , 1865 . Citation : Capture of a Confederate flag .
Battle of Punk Hill The Battle of Punk Hill was a relatively minor skirmish in the greater Forage War of the American Revolutionary War , but it narrowly missed being a major turning point . Approximately 3000 British regulars left Amboy for the Punk Hill area , ostensibly on a foraging expedition . General William Maxwell observed this movement from a nearby hill and sent a small detachment to harass the British on the left and sent a larger force to the right towards Bonhamtown , hoping to outflank them . The larger force consisted of two detachments , one from Col . Potter ' s Pennsylvania militia and commanded by Col . Cook . the other detachment was from Col . Thacher ' s New England troops . Cook ' s and Thacher ' s men joined forces approximately one half mile out and almost immediately encountered and engaged a substantial advanced party of British . General Maxwell sent Col . Martin and Lt . Col . Lindley to reinforce them quickly and began to assembling his main force to follow . The British also sent reinforcements but they were cut off by another regiment of Americans . That British reinforcements retreated in confusion , sparking a general panic among their comrades and turning the entire engagement into a rout . The Americans chased them as far as Bonhamtown and Metuchen , but did not have sufficient numbers or cover to continue the pursuit . There were at least four British killed and three taken prisoner . One of the prisoners revealed that General Howe had been at Bonhamtown during the engagement . Had Maxwell known this beforehand , the Battle of Punk Hill could have been a pivotal moment in the war .
Thomas Frederic Tweed Lieutenant - Colonel Thomas Frederic Tweed MC ( 1890 – 30 April 1940 ) was a British soldier and novelist . He was commissioned into the Lancashire Fusiliers . He won the Military Cross in World War I and at the age of 26 was named the youngest lieutenant colonel in the British Army at the time . He became a political adviser to David Lloyd George from 1927 until Tweed ' s death from a stroke . Tweed was primarily famous for his novels , among which were " Blind Mouths " and " Rinehard " . The latter was turned into the successful 1933 film " Gabriel Over the White House " , directed by Gregory LaCava and starring Walter Huston . In the novel " Rinehard " and the film " Gabriel Over the White House " , the character of Pendie Molloy , the President ' s secretary ( played in the film by Karen Morley ) , is based on Frances Stevenson , Lloyd George ' s secretary and mistress , with whom Tweed also had an affair .