naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Edward John McClernand Edward John McClernand ( December 29 , 1848 – February 9 , 1936 ) was a United States Army Brigadier General who was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for valor in action near the Bear Paw Mountains , Montana on September 30 , 1877 . An 1870 graduate of West Point , his career spanned 42 years , as he served in the Army until his retirement on December 29 , 1912 . Early life and the western frontier . Edward John McClernand was born in Jacksonville , Illinois , on December 29 , 1848 . He spent his early school years in Jacksonville and Springfield before graduating from West Point in 1870 . His first assignment was to Ft . Ellis , Montana with the 2nd U . S . Cavalry in 1870 , beginning nearly nearly 30 years in various assignments primarily in the American West . His actions at Bear Paw Mountain , Montana on September 30 , 1877 , resulted in his being received the Medal of Honor on November 27 , 1894 . He returned to the east coast in 1879 as a Tactical Officer at West Point , returning to the frontier with assignments in Montana , California , and Washington starting in 1883 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Second Lieutenant , 2d U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : At Bear Paw Mountain , Mont . , 30 September 1877 . Entered service at : Springfield , Illinois . Birth : Jacksonville , Illinois . Date of issue : 27 November 1894 . Citation : " Gallantly attacked a band of hostiles and conducted the combat with excellent skill and boldness . " Later career . McClernand fought in the Spanish - American War , serving in the Santiago campaign . He later saw service in the Philippine Insurrection . He was promoted to Brigadier General shortly before he retired from active service on December 29 , 1912 . He lived in Easton , Pennsylvania , where he wrote " With the Indians and the Buffalo in Montana , " for the Cavalry Journal in 1925 . He died on February 9 , 1926 and was buried in Section 3 , Lot 1931 - SW of Arlington National Cemetery . Personal life . Edward John McClernand ' s father was Major General John Alexander McClernand , commander of the XIII Army Corps in the Civil War . His mother was Mrs . Sarah Dunlap McClernand . He married Ms . Sarah Pomp ( 1857 – 1926 ) who is buried along with him at Arlington .
CSS Chattahoochee CSS " Chattahoochee " was a twin - screw steam powered gunboat built at Saffold , Georgia ; she was christened for the river upon which she was built . The gunboat entered Confederate States Navy service in February 1863 . Career . " Chattahoochee " was plagued by machinery failures , one of which , a boiler explosion on 27 May 1863 , killed 18 as she preparing to sail from her anchorage at Blountstown , Florida . Once there , " Chattahoochee " crew were going to attempt to retake the Confederate schooner CSS " Fashion " , captured by the Union Navy . On 10 June 1864 she was towed to Columbus , Georgia for general repairs and the installation of engines and a boiler reclaimed from the fatally wrecked ironclad CSS " Raleigh " . While undergoing those repairs at Columbus , 11 of her officers and 50 of her crew tried unsuccessfully to capture the Union ship " Adela " blockading Apalachicola , Florida . USS " Somerset " drove off the raiders , capturing much of their equipment . When the Confederates abandoned the Apalachicola River in December 1864 , " Chattahoochee " was moved up the Chattahoochee River ; she was later scuttled near Columbus to avoid capture , just as Union troops approached the city . The sunken remains of " Chattahoochee " were found in 1963 within the boundaries of Fort Benning and later raised , by the Ft . Benning SCUBA . Club , then placed on display at the National Civil War Naval Museum in Columbus . Personnel killed May 1863 . Those killed in the explosion ( with those who later died of their wounds ) were : Several other members of the crew were wounded :
British D - class submarine The D class submarine was the Royal Navy ' s first class of submarines capable of operating significantly beyond coastal waters . They were also the first boats to be fitted with wireless transmitters . All ten were laid down between 1907 and 1910 . Specification . The patrol submarines evolved from the C class boats . They were designed to be propelled by diesel motors on the surface to avoid the problems with petrol engines experienced with the A class . These boats were designed for foreign service with an endurance of 2500 nmi at 10 knots on the surface and much improved living conditions for a larger crew . D boats were fitted with twin screws for greater manoeuvrability and were fitted with saddle tank s . The D class were the first submarines to be equipped with deck guns forward of the conning tower beginning with " D6 " . Also , reserve buoyancy was increased to 20 . 6 % . Armament also included three 18 inch torpedo tubes ( 2 vertically in the bow and 1 in the stern ) . D class was also the first class of British submarine to have standard radio fitted . The aerial was attached to the mast of the conning tower that was lowered before diving . With their enlarged bridge structure the boat profile was recognisably that of the modern submarine . The D Class submarines were considered to be so innovative that the prototype " D1 " was built in utmost secrecy in a securely guarded building shed . She was launched at Barrow with equal secrecy , with only departmental heads and a few officers from the cruiser HMS " Mercury " , that was currently in dock being present . Once moved to the fitting out berth , she was once again screened from view . The boats cost between £79 , 910 and £89 , 410 each excluding the deck gun . Operations . The D class were based at Harwich , Immingham , Blyth and Dover . Their wartime role was to sink German warships . In the latter stages of World War I the D class were used for training crews based at Portsmouth . During WWI the boats patrolled the North Sea and the Heligoland Bight , and protected cross channel troopships . During the war , four boats ( " D2 " , " D3 " , " D5 " , and " D6 " ) were lost , and the remainder ( " D4 " , " D7 " , and " D8 " ) were paid off in July 1919 . Boats . Eight D - class boats were built : There were plans for a further two , " D9 " and " D10 " , but these were launched at Chatham Dockyard as HMS " E1 " and HMS " E2 " .
Erwin Rösener Erwin Friedrich Karl Rösener ( 2 February 1902 - 4 September 1946 ) was an SS - " Obergruppenführer " ( General ) who was responsible for mass executions of civilians in Slovenia and was posthumously on the indictment at the Nuremberg Trials for war crimes . Early life and career . Rösener was born on 2 February 1902 in Schwerte , a town in the Province of Westphalia . He joined the Nazi party and the Sturmabteilung ( SA ) or ' Brownshirts ' on 6 November 1926 . He applied to join the SS in October 1929 ( his application was accepted in 1930 ) . He was promoted 11 times between 1930 and 1944 , eventually finishing with the rank of SS - Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen - SS and Police . He was a member of the Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft , or " Circle of Friends of the Economy " , a group of German industrialists whose aim was to raise funds for racial research within the Third Reich . He was close to Heinrich Himmler , and reported directly to him during the war . War crimes in Yugoslavia . From the end of 1941 to the end of the war Himmler assigned Rösener to SS - Oberabschnitt Alpenland , part of whose territory was Slovenia . Between October 1944 and the end of the war he was head of anti - Partisan warfare in Ljubljana . During both assignments he ordered the execution of civilians , hostages and prisoners of war , actions which led to his name being on the indictment for war crimes at Nuremberg . Rösener worked closely with Leon Rupnik in fighting the Partisans , and ordered the formation of the pro - Nazi " Domobranci " , the Slovenian Home Guard forces on 24 September 1943 . Rösener escaped to Austria after the war but was arrested by the British and returned to Yugoslavia . He was put on trial alongside Leon Rupnik and others , and was sentenced to death on 30 August 1946 . He was executed by hanging on 4 September 1946 , and was buried the same day in an unmarked grave at Ljubljana ' s Žale cemetery .
Jesus Rojas Antonio Cardenal Caldera ( 1950 – 1991 ) , also known by the nom de guerre Jesus Rojas ( Red Jesus ) , was a Nicaraguan and a major leader of the FMLN ( Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front ) resistance movement in late - 20th century El Salvador . Early life . Born in Nicaragua to a prominent family , Cardenal was one of the ten children of Julio Cardenal and Indiana Caldera . His father ' s cousins included Ernesto Cardenal and his brother Fernando , both priests who adhered to liberation theology . Cardenal decided to pursue a career in the Jesuit seminary . After being sent to El Salvador as a priest , Cardenal was profoundly impacted by the anti - Jesuit violence he witnessed perpetrated by the Salvadoran government . Due to these events , he went underground as a rebel leader of the FMLN movement , in which he led the FPL ( Fuerzas Populares de Liberación ) for several years . He was a major proponent of the peace talks with the government in the early 1990s , and worked towards a negotiated peace for both sides . On April 11 , 1991 , Cardenal was assassinated by a group of Army troops attempting to sabotage the peace process . However , the FMLN leadership decided to proceed with the talks at the expense of one of their commanders .
United States Army Pacific United States Army Pacific ( USARPAC ) is an Army Service Component Command ( ASCC ) of the United States Army and is the army component unit of the United States Pacific Command . The main areas that this command has jurisdiction in include Hawaii , Alaska , the Pacific Ocean , South Korea and Japan . It also performs missions in Southeast Asia , in the countries such as the Philippines and Bangladesh . Eighth United States Army in Korea has operational command and control on US Forces in Korea since January 2012 , and USARPAC headquarters became its Army Component Command at the same date . However , subordinate units of this command sometimes perform humanitarian missions in places such as Haiti , Cuba , and the Middle East . General information . Command Group Current structure . Army Pacific , Fort Shafter Former units include the U . S . Army Chemical Activity , Pacific , at Johnston Atoll , which traced some of its history to the 267th Chemical Company and the Project 112 biological warfare defense experiments . This became the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System , which was finally deactivated in 2001 .
The Longest Day ( book ) The Longest Day is a book by Cornelius Ryan published in 1959 , telling the story of D - Day , the first day of the World War II invasion of Normandy . It includes details of Operation Deadstick , the " coup de main " operation by gliderborne troops to capture both Pegasus Bridge and Horsa Bridge before the main assault on the Normandy beaches . It sold tens of millions of copies in eighteen different languages . The book is not a dry military history , but rather a story about people , and reads at times like a novel . It is based on interviews with a cross - section of participants , including U . S . , Canadian , British , French and German officers and civilians . The book begins and ends in the village of La Roche - Guyon . The book refers to the village as being the most occupied village in occupied France and states that for each of the 543 inhabitants of La Roche - Guyon there were more than 3 German soldiers in the village and surrounding area . Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commander - in - chief of Army Group B had his headquarters in the castle of the village which was the seat of the Duc de La Rochefoucauld . Cornelius Ryan ' s book is divided into three parts : the first part is titled The Wait , the second part is named The Night and the third part is named The Day . The book includes a section on the casualties of D - Day and also lists the contributors including their service details on the day of the invasion and their occupations at the time the book was first published . Researchers spent almost three years locating survivors of D - Day and over 3000 interviews were undertaken in the United States , Canada , Great Britain , France and Germany . 383 accounts of D Day were used in the text of the book . Senior Allied officers who assisted the author included General Maxwell D . Taylor , Lieutenant General James M . Gavin , Lieutenant General Sir Frederick E . Morgan and General Sir Richard Nelson Gale . German officers who assisted with the book included Generaloberst Franz Halder , Hauptmann Hellmuth Lang and General der Infanterie Günther Blumentritt . The author also used Allied and German post action reports , War diaries , histories and official records . On 6 June 1965 , the author published an article " More of The Longest Day " on Reader ' s Digest as a supplement . Cornelius Ryan dedicated his book for all the men of D Day . The book takes its name from a comment made by Erwin Rommel to his aide Hauptmann Helmuth Lang on 22 April 1944 : " . . . the first 24 hours of the invasion will be decisive . . . the fate of Germany depends on the outcome . . . for the Allies , as well as Germany , it will be the longest day . " " The Longest Day " is also the name of a 1962 film based on the book , featuring many star actors .
Western Australian emergency of March 1944 On 6 March 1944 the Australian Government and military received an incorrect report that two Imperial Japanese Navy battleship s had entered the Indian Ocean , possibly to attack Fremantle and Perth . In response , the Allied forces in the state of Western Australia were rapidly reinforced . The threat of attack rapidly passed and the Allied naval units returned to their normal dispositions on 13 March followed by the air units a week later .
George Yates George Wilhelmus Mancius Yates ( February 26 , 1843 – June 25 , 1876 ) was an officer in the U . S . 7th Cavalry Regiment . He was killed in the Battle of the Little Bighorn . Biography . Yates was born in Albany , New York . He met Custer in Monroe , Michigan , and they became close personal friends . During the American Civil War , Yates was a second lieutenant in the 4th Michigan Cavalry . Custer helped him secure a position on General Alfred Pleasonton ' s staff for Yates . Yates earned several brevet promotions in rank for his actions during the war . He fought at the First Battle of Manassas , Antietam , Fredericksburg , and Gettysburg . After the Civil War , in 1866 , Yates was appointed a captain in the 7th Cavalry . He served under Lt . Colonel Custer , commanding F Company . He was a member of the so - called " Custer Clan " or " Custer Gang " of close - knit friends and relatives of the General . Yates was killed during the Battle of the Little Bighorn and fell near Custer . According to some accounts , he is said to have taken command of the battalion after the initial fighting at Medicine Tail Coulee , where Custer may have been wounded . Other accounts suggest that he commanded a wing of Custer ' s battalion , composed of Companies E and F . He was initially buried on the battlefield , but was reinterred in Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery in Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . He left a widow and three children . His wife ironically would spend many years as a teacher at the Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle , Pennsylvania . She would later be crushed to death in a New York City Subway accident in 1914 . Yates ' brother - in - law , Richard Roberts , had accompanied the Custer column as a civilian herder and part - time correspondent for the " New York Sun " , but had to drop out 70 miles from the Little Bighorn when his pony gave out , thereby sparing his life . Honors . Fort Yates in the Dakota Territory was named in his memory and honor , as well as Battery Yates at Fort Baker in Marin County , California , overlooking San Francisco Bay .
Ilyushin Il - 80 The Ilyushin Il - 80 ( NATO reporting name : Maxdome ) is a Russia n airborne command and control aircraft . It is a modified Ilyushin Il - 86 airliner . Development . The Ilyushin Il - 80 has the NATO reporting name Maxdome ( though some sources claim it uses the reporting name Camber , like the Il - 86 passenger jet ) . The Russian reporting name for the aircraft is " Aimak " , or " Eimak " ( Mongolian for " clan , " ) . The aircraft is believed to have first flown in the summer of 1985 , with the first post - modification flight taking place on March 5 , 1987 , and deliveries starting later that year . In all , four aircraft are known to have been converted from Il - 86s They were registered SSSR - 86146 through 86149 , and were first observed by western photographers in 1992 . Heavily modified from the Ilyushin Il - 86 , the Il - 80 ( also referred to as the Il - 86VKP ) is meant to be used as an airborne command center for Russian officials , including the President , in the event of nuclear war . The role of the Ilyushin Il - 80 is similar to that of the Boeing E - 4 B . The Il - 80 has no external windows ( save those in the cockpit ) to shield it from a nuclear blast and electromagnetic pulse . Only the upper deck forward door on the left and the aft door on the right remain from the standard design . There is only one airstair door , instead of three . An unusual baffle blocks the aft cockpit windows . This may serve to block EMP or RF pulses . Unlike the standard Il - 86 airliner , the Il - 80 has two electrical generator pods mounted inboard of the engine nacelles . Each pod is approximately 9 . 5 metres ( 32 feet ) long and 1 . 3 metres ( 4 feet ) in diameter . Both pods include landing lights . Like the E - 4B , the aircraft has a dorsal SATCOM canoe , believed to house advanced satellite communications equipment , and a trailing wire antenna mounted in the lower aft fuselage for very low frequency ( VLF ) radio transmission and reception ( likely for communication with ballistic missile submarine s ) . Operation . Upon completion , all four Il - 80s were delivered to the 8th Special Purposes Aviation Division at the Chkalovsky Airbase near Moscow . As of 2011 three Il - 80s remain in service . They are painted in the current livery of Aeroflot , the Russian state airline ; and carry international civilian registrations RA - 86147 , RA - 86148 , and RA - 86149 . The first Il - 80 , registration RA - 86146 , has been photographed without engines and is apparently out of service . As of 2011 the Il - 80s remain based at Chkalovsky Airbase , located northeast of Moscow . The aircraft are rarely observed in operation , though at least one was seen at an air show .
HMS Blackwall ( 1696 ) Blackwall was a 50 - gun fourth - rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy , launched at Blackwall Yard in 1696 . In September 1705 , whilst under the command of Captain Samuel Martin " Blackwall " , along with two smaller vessels , had been ordered to convoy some merchantmen to the Baltic . On 20 October , as " Blackwall " and her two consorts were convoying the return voyage , they encountered a superior French force . All the English ships were captured , " Blackwall " herself being taken by the French ship " Protée " . Both Captain Martin and the French commander were killed in the action . " Blackwall " was commissioned into the French Navy under the name Blekoualle ; she was recaptured on 15 March 1708 but was not taken back into service in the Royal Navy , the decision being taken to have her broken up instead . However , she was captured again by the French in 1709 , this time being named Blakoual , remaining in French service until disposed of in 1719 .
Admiral of the fleet ( Australia ) Admiral of the fleet ( AF ) is the highest rank in the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , but is a ceremonial , not active or operational , rank . It equates to the rank code O - 11 . Equivalent ranks in the other services are field marshal and marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force . Like those ranks , admiral of the fleet is a five - star rank . The subordinate naval rank , and highest active rank in the RAN , is admiral . This rank is only held when the Chief of the Defence Force is a naval officer . The highest permanent rank in the RAN is vice admiral , held by the Chief of Navy . History . The rank evolved from the ancient sailing days and the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy . The British fleet was divided into three divisions and each designated a colour , that of red , white , or blue . Each coloured division was assigned an admiral , who in turn had command over a vice admiral and a rear admiral . In the 18th century , the original nine ranks began to be filled by more than one person per rank . The admiral of the fleet commanded the admirals of the various divisions and thus , the entirety of the British fleet . The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864 , with the Royal Navy keeping the White Ensign . By this time , the position admiral of the fleet had already become an honorary promotion ; when the position of professional head of the Royal Navy was given the name of First Naval Lord in 1828 ( renamed First Sea Lord in 1904 ) , admiral of the fleet became an honorary promotion for retiring First Naval Lords . This allowed multiple honorary admirals of the fleet to co - exist throughout the history of the rank . With the establishment of the Royal Australian Navy in 1911 , the navy inherited the same ranks as its Royal Navy predecessor . However , the rank of admiral of the fleet has only been once used in its history so far , with the highest ranks remaining the traditional reserve as a wartime rank and did not take on the regular honorary appointments that its British counterpart did until 1996 . The current and so far only holder of this rank is HRH Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , prince - consort to the Queen of Australia , Elizabeth II .
Military of Togo The Military of Togo , in French FAT ( Forces armées togolaises , " Togolese armed forces " ) , consists of the army , navy , air force , and gendarmerie . Total military expenditures during the fiscal year of 2005 totaled 1 . 6 % of the country ' s GDP . Military bases exist in Lomé , Temedja , Kara , Niamtougou , and Dapaong . The current Chief of the General Staff is Brigadier General Titikpina Atcha Mohamed , who took office on May 19 , 2009 . Army . The current chief of staff of the army is Colonel Blakimwé Wiyao Balli . Air Force . The Togolese Air Force ( French : " Force Aérienne Togolaise " ) was established after independence in 1960 , and a French influence remains on the choice of aircraft used . Since 2005 , the air force ' s chief of staff is Colonel Bouraïma Bonfoh . The two air force bases are located in Niamtougou in the north of Togo and in Lomé , the capital . The C - 47 Skytrain was the first aircraft used ; it was part of the force from 1960 to 1976 . Replacing the C - 47s were two DHC - 5D Buffalo STOL transports in 1976 . Also in the same year Togo acquired five ex - German Air Force Fouga Magister armed jet trainers and seven EMB . 326GBs from Brazil to form the Escadrille de Chasse . Togos armed jet trainer fleet was upgraded in 1981 by the deliveries of five Alpha jets and by three piston engined Aerospatiale TB - 30 Epsilons in 1986 . The Fouga Magisters were returned to France in 1985 . The current TAF consists of the following units : Aircraft Inventory . The Force Aérienne Togolaise has 20 aircraft in service , including 9 trainer / light attack jets and 3 helicopters Navy . The Togolese navy was created on May 1 , 1976 to guard the roughly 55 kilometers of Togolese coast and the seaport of Lomé . It currently has 2 patrol boats , the Kara and the Mono . Currently , the navy ' s chief of staff is ship captain Atiogbé Ametsipe .