naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Robert D . Robbins Robert D . " Bob " Robbins is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate , representing the 50th District since 1990 . He previously served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 17th District from 1983 to 1990 . Education and early career . Robbins was born and raised in the northwestern Pennsylvania borough of Greenville . He graduated from Greenville High School in 1962 and subsequently entered the United States Military Academy at West Point with the Class of 1966 . After graduation from West Point , Robbins was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Regular Army and served two tours in Vietnam as a paratrooper , eventually serving as Company Commander with D Company , 501st Airborne Infantry Battalion , 2nd Brigade , 101st Airborne Division . He left the Army in 1971 with an honorable discharge at the rank of captain . With his Army service complete , Robbins earned his teaching certificate from Geneva College in 1973 and then returned to Greenville , where he became a teacher and wrestling coach at Greenville High School . Robbins also worked as an insurance agent for Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company . Public service . In 1982 , Robbins won election as a Republican to a Mercer County - based seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives , and subsequently served four terms in the body . In 1990 , Robbins ran for State Senate in the 50th Senate District to replace fellow Republican Roy Wilt , who was retiring . Despite the district ' s conservative character , Robbins faced a strong challenge from businessmen and Meadville city Councilman Charles W . Flynn , who hoped to ride the coattails of popular Governor Bob Casey to victory . However , despite Casey ' s overwhelming victory over state Auditor General Barbara Hafer , Robbins prevailed , and has faced little serious opposition since . Robbins rose through the ranks of Senate Republicans to become Majority Caucus Secretary . In 2006 , he was one of the only members of the Senate leadership to be re - elected after voter anger at the 2005 legislative pay raise knocked out several members of the leadership , including Senate President Pro Tempore Robert Jubelirer and Senate Majority Leader David J . Brightbill . Robbins currently serves as Vice Chairman of the Veterans Affairs & Emergency Preparedness Committee , and also serves as Chairman of the bipartisan Local Government Commission , Vice Chairman of the Athletic Oversight Committee , and a member of the Keystone State Games Commission .
Battle of the Tanais River The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans , was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe . The Huns were victorious . Some historians credit this battle as the beginning of the process of Germanic migration , in which the Huns pushed Germanic tribes into central and northern Europe , resulting in many conflicts between those tribes and the Roman Empire . It was followed by a joint Hun - Alan invasion of the Gothic kingdom of Ermanaric .
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo The Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo was a World War I battle fought by the Italian and Austro - Hungarian Armies on the Italian Front between 18 August and 12 September 1917 . Background . On the Soča ( Isonzo ) River , Luigi Cadorna , the Italian Chief of Staff , concentrated three quarters of his troops : 600 battalions ( 52 divisions ) with 5 , 200 guns . Battle . The attack was carried forth from a front from Tolmin ( in the upper Soča ( Isonzo ) valley ) to the Adriatic Sea . The Italians crossed the river in several points on temporary bridges , but the main effort was exerted on the Bainsizza Plateau , whose capture was to further the offensive and break the Austro - Hungarian lines in two segments , isolating the strongholds of Mount Saint Gabriel and Mount Hermada . After fierce and deadly fightings , the Italian Second Army , led by General Capello , pushed back Boroević ' s " Isonzo Armee " , conquering the Bainsizza and Mount Santo . Other positions were taken by the Duke of Aosta ' s Third Army . However , Mount Saint Gabriel and Mount Hermada turned out to be impregnable , and the offensive wore out . After the battle , the Austro - Hungarians were exhausted , and could not have withstood another attack . Fortunately for them ( and unfortunately for their opponents ) , so were the Italians , who could not find the resources necessary for another assault , even though it might have been the decisive one . So the final result of the battle was an inconclusive bloodbath . Moreover , the end of the battle left the Italian Second Army ( until then the most successful of the Italian Armies ) split in two parts across the Soča ( Isonzo ) , a weak point that proved to be decisive in the subsequent Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo . To commemorate the participation of the Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment , Georg Fürst wrote the March " Isonzo - Marsch " .
USS Climax ( AM - 161 ) USS " Climax " ( AM - 161 ) was an Admirable - class minesweeper built for the U . S . Navy during World War II . She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters , and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean . She was launched 9 January 1943 by Willamette Iron and Steel Works , Portland , Oregon ; and commissioned 24 March 1944 , Lieutenant R . E . Danielson , Jr . , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific Ocean operations . From May to September 1944 " Climax " served as a school ship at U . S . Naval Small Craft Training Center , San Pedro , California . After brief overhaul she sailed on convoy escort duty to Pearl Harbor , Eniwetok , and Ulithi , returning to Eniwetok 20 December . Until 6 March 1945 she operated out of Eniwetok on convoy escort duty to Ulithi , Guam , and Saipan . She escorted a resupply convoy to Iwo Jima 13 March as fighting continued on the island , remaining on screening duty until 18 March . Returning to Eniwetok 29 March , " Climax " resumed her convoy escort duty to Ulithi and Guam and acted as training ship for submarines as well as aiding in the expansion of anchorage facilities at Eniwetok . Following overhaul at Guam , " Climax " sailed for Saipan , Okinawa and Wakayama , Honshū , where she conducted sweeping operations from 11 September 1945 to 18 October in support of the landing of Allied occupation troops . She remained in Matoya Ko as a pilot vessel until 19 December 1945 when she cleared Nagoya for San Diego , California , arriving 16 February . Post - War Decommissioning . " Climax " was placed out of commission in reserve there 31 May 1946 . She was reclassified MSF - 161 , 7 February 1955 . She was scrapped in 1959 .
T - 54 / T - 55 operators and variants The T - 54 / T - 55 tank series is the most widely used tank in the world and it has seen service in over 50 countries . It also served as the platform for a wide variety of specialty armored vehicles . Models and variants . Modernization . T - 55 . Early on during the production T - 55 " s " were fitted with the TSh - 2B - 32P sight . Starting in 1970 T - 55 " s " were being armed at Uralwagonzavod 12 . 7 mm DShK 1938 / 46 or KPVT loader ' s anti - aircraft heavy machine guns . These tanks were known as Model 1970 , or sometimes T - 55AM . KTD - 1 or KTD - 2 laser rangefinders and R - 123 or R - 123M radio sets were fitted to older tanks starting in 1974 ( Model 1974 ) . At the same time efforts were made to modernize and prolong the life of the drive train . Firepower improvement : building - in antiaircraft machine gun 12 , 7mm M - 87 and building - in coupled machine - gun 7 , 62mm M - 84 . International derivatives . Serbia . Protection improving in : building – in explosive protective armor , building – in anti cumulative shields , building – in new fire extinguisher using halon , modernization of device for nuclear protection , building – in of smoke screen laying active protection system ( active masking ) and building – in assembly block for fixing crewis cupola lid partly closed . Other improvements are building – in device for self - entrenching , building – in device for digging and deactivating mines KMT - 6 , building – in assembly block for fixing crewi ' s cupola lid , partly closed and modernization of active IR ( infrared ) devices and converting them into passive . Yugoslavia . A variant of this modification , intended for export , was armed with L7A1 105 mm gun .
Siege of Strasbourg The Siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco - Prussian War , and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870 . Background . After the Battle of Worth , Crown Prince Frederick detached General von Werder to move south against the fortress of Strasbourg . At the time , Strasbourg ( along with Metz ) was considered to be one of the strongest fortresses in France . Werder ' s force was made up of 40 , 000 troops from Württemberg and Baden , which lay just across the Rhine River from Strasbourg . The French garrison of 17 , 000 was under the command of the 68 - year - old General Jean Jacques Alexis Uhrich . Initial bombardment . Werder understood the value of capturing the city , and ruled out a lengthy siege of starvation . He instead decided on a quicker action , bombarding the fortifications and the civilian population into submission . On 23 August Werder ' s siege guns opened fire on the city and caused considerable damage to the city and many of its historical landmarks . The Bishop of Strasbourg went to Werder to beg for a ceasefire , and the civilian population suggested paying 100 , 000 francs to Werder each day he did not bomb the city . Uhrich refused to relent , and soon enough Werder realized he could not keep up such a bombardment with the amount of ammunition he had . On 24 August , the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire , as was the Municipal Library housed in the Gothic former Dominican Church , with its unique collection of medieval manuscripts , rare Renaissance books and Roman artifacts . Siege . Werder continued bombing the city , this time targeting selected fortifications . The German siege lines moved rapidly closer to the city as each fortress was turned into rubble . On 11 September , a delegation of Swiss officials went into the city to evacuate non - combatants . This delegation brought in news of the defeat of the French at the Battle of Sedan , which meant no relief was coming to Strasbourg . On 19 September the remaining civilians urged Uhrich to surrender the city , but he refused , believing a defense was still possible . However , that same day Werder stormed and captured the first of the city ' s fortifications . This event caused Uhrich to reconsider his ability to defend the city . On 27 September Uhrich opened negotiations with Werder , and the city surrendered the following day . Aftermath . The fall of Strasbourg freed Werder ' s forces for further operations in northeastern France . His next move was against the city of Belfort , which was invested in November .
Chuguev Uprising The Chuguev Uprising was an armed revolt , conducted by military settlers of the Chuguev Regiment in the town of Chuguev ( " Chuhuiiv " ) in 1819 , against the harsh working conditions and regulations in military settlements , in which military service was combined with farm work , being introduced into the Russian Empire in 1816 . The uprising began on July 9 , 1819 , with a demand that military settlements be abolished . Peasants from neighboring villages and military settlers from Balakleya ( " Balakliia " ) soon joined the military settlers of the Chuguev Regiment in the uprising . In order to crush the revolt , the Russian government dispatched four infantry regiments and two artillery batteries under the command of the minister of war , General Aleksey Arakcheyev . Finally , after a month of fighting , the uprising was crushed . The crushed uprising resulted in the arrests and cruel punishment to about 2 , 000 " rebels " , which included 20 rebels being shot and killed , and 400 being subject to hard labor . In 1820 , similar revolts occurred in southern Ukraine and involved about 200 different villages .
Anne Hessing Cahn Anne Hessing Cahn is political author , who holds a doctorate in political science from MIT . She is notable for her criticism of the CIA among other US agencies and leaders , particularly Team B and other aspects of the last days of the Cold War . She is currently Scholar in Residence at The American University . She served the US Government as Chief of the Social Impact Staff at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency ( 1977 – 81 ) , Special Assistant to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense ( 1980 – 81 ) , and President and Executive Director of the Committee for National Security ( 1982 – 88 ) . In 2001 she Chaired the Board of Directors , for 20 / 20 Vision , a private organization founded to " " increase citizen participation in public policy decisions on energy , security and the environment . " " She is also on the Board of Directors for the United States Institute of Peace or USIP , established in 1984 , is an independent , nonpartisan , national institution established and funded by the United States Congress . " She is married to physicist John W . Cahn .
USS Tingey ( DD - 272 ) The second USS " Tingey " ( DD - 272 ) was a " Clemson " - class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I . She was named for Thomas Tingey . History . " Tingey " was laid down on 8 August 1918 at Quincy , Massachusetts , by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation ; launched on 24 April 1919 ; sponsored by Miss Mary Velora Arringdale ; and commissioned on 25 July 1919 , Commander Alfred W . Brown in command . After fitting out , the destroyer proceeded to the west coast and joined Division 31 , Squadron 2 , Flotilla 10 , at San Diego , California late in December . For the next two and a half years , the destroyer operated out of San Diego with the Pacific Fleet . During most of that period , however , she had only 50 percent of her normal complement . Consequently , though she did conduct operations and patrols along the western coast of Mexico , she remained in a quasi - reserve status throughout her brief period of commissioned service . She made but one organizational change during her active career and that came in the latter part of 1921 when she was reassigned to Division 29 , Squadron 10 . In 1922 , the anti - militarist feeling prevalent following World War I combined with the government ' s policy of financial retrenchment to cause the deactivation of a substantial portion of the Navy ' s recently expanded destroyer fleet ; " Tingey " , therefore , was placed out of commission on 24 May 1922 , berthed at San Diego , and remained there for the remainder of her career . After 14 years of inactivity , " Tingey ' s " name was struck from the Navy list on 19 May 1936 . She was sold to the Schiavone - Bonomo Corporation , of New York City , on 29 September 1936 and was scrapped in December .
USS Monarch ( 1862 ) USS " Monarch " was a side paddle wheel ram in the United States Army . " Monarch " was built as a towboat at Fulton , Ohio , in 1853 . She was converted to a ram in 1862 for service in the Ellet Ram Fleet under Lt . Col . Charles Ellet , Jr . operating on the Mississippi River in the American Civil War in conjunction with the Western Flotilla . Battle of Memphis . " Monarch " was purchased at Pittsburgh in April 1862 and commissioned there , Capt . R . W . Sanford in command . After fitting out at New Albany , " Monarch " began active duty with the Ram Fleet . Steaming downriver in May , she scouted Fort Pillow in June and joined , , , , and her sister ship , , in the Battle of Memphis 6 June . Engaging the Confederate River Defense Fleet , the rams destroyed seven of the southern ships , wiping out the Defense Fleet as an effective naval force . " Monarch " rammed CSS " Colonel Lovell " and " General Beauregard " . The Union forces took Memphis 6 June , clearing the upper Mississippi of southern forts and naval craft . On 26 June , " Monarch " and " Lancaster " pursued " General Earl Van Dorn " down the Mississippi and up the Yazoo River , the Confederates burning the ship below Yazoo City to prevent her capture . Battle of Vicksburg . Beginning in June , " Monarch " operated against Vicksburg , Mississippi . " Monarch " and five other ships departed Helena , Arkansas , 16 August on an Army - Navy expedition up to Yazoo River with troops landing at various points along the shore and destroying batteries on the river . Union ships captured CSS " Fairplay " above Vicksburg 27 August ; " Monarch " then cruised the Yazoo with " General Bragg " to prevent Confederate use of steamer " Paul Jones " and to hinder communications with Vicksburg . Later that year , " Monarch " swept torpedoes in the Yazoo . Later service . " Monarch " joined 11 other ships in the expedition to capture Fort Hindman 4 January 1863 , a point that David Dixon Porter noted as “ a tough nut to crack . ” Joining efforts with William Sherman ’ s troops 9 January , the Union ships shared in the capture of Fort Hindman 11 January . In February , " Monarch " steamed up the Yazoo to Greenville to relieve Commander Prichett , controlling guerrilla activity . In April , she joined , , and in supporting Colonel Ellet ’ s marine brigade in the Tennessee . With the fall of Vicksburg , in July , and the collapse of Confederate naval forces on the western rivers , the ram ' s mission was accomplished . She was dropped from the naval list in 1864 , but remained in reserve , ready for recall to active service , until going to Mound City , Illinois for dismantling in July 1865 .
Pierre Charles Dejean Charles Pierre Dejean , vicomte ( February 16 , 1807 , Paris – July 30 , 1872 , Paris ) was a French general and politician . Life . He was the son of General Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean . He was Major General of Engineering , and State Councilor , July 20 , 1870 , Minister of War ad interim replacement of Marshal Leboeuf , as party to the General Staff Army of the Rhine . Minister of War ad interim of July 20 , 1870 to August 10 , 1870 in Government of Émile Ollivier , he was a member of the Committee of Fortifications at his elevation to the rank of Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor , April 29 , 1871 .
GSL / GRSE series of Interceptor Boats GSL / GRSE series of Interceptor Boats are Indian high speed patrol boats assembled by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited ( GRSE ) , Kolkata and Goa Shipyard Limited ( GSL ) , Vasco da Gama . They were designed by Greek shipbuilder , Motomarine , later on GRSE bought this design . Now GRSE is assemblying it at its shipyard in the Bay of Bengal , whereas GSL is also simultaneously assembling the same boats in its Arabian Sea yard . They are being built as per the contract contracted by GSL and GRSE with Ministry of Home Affairs in March , 2008 for various state marine police under the Coastal Security Scheme . The armoring of the patrol boats is being done by MKU Pvt Ltd . Variants . There are two variants of GSL / GRSE Interceptor Boat : " Hell raisers " and " Invaders " . Hell Raiser . The 12 - tonne vessel is built of glass - reinforced plastic , has a length of 13 metres with maximum draught at full load 0 . 90 m and has a bulletproof cabin . It has a water - jet propulsion giving high speed and ability to operate in shallow water . The vessel endurance is 75 nautical miles and can further cover 25 nautical miles with the help of reserved fuel . The vessel can travel at the maximum speed of 35 nautical miles per hour . The boats are highly seaworthy , unsinkable type ( having 10 % reserve buoyancy even when filled with water ) and are able to sustain operation up to sea state 3 in open sea and also in breaking sea waves near the coast while in shallow water . The vessel is equipped with ultra modern navigation and GPS ( Global Positioning System ) and can carry a crew of 4 with patrol party of 16 . It has facilities for mounting light machine guns and other weapons on board . The per unit cost of vessel is Rs . 25 million ( 2010 ) . Invaders . Invaders is 9 . 60 m in length , have weight of 5 tonnes and is capable of operating at 35 knots on full load . It have maximum draught of 0 . 65 m at full load . It can carry four crew members along with a patrolling party of 10 persons and is equipped with life saving , fire fighting and communication facilities . The boat is fitted with two outboard motors of 275 hp each for propulsion and maneuvering . The per unit cost of vessel is Rs . 10 - 11 million ( 2008 ) .
USS Indiana ( SSN - 789 ) USS " Indiana " ( SSN - 789 ) , will be a . The contract to build her was awarded to Huntington Ingalls Industries in partnership with the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics in Newport News , Virginia on 22 December 2008 . This ship is the sixth of the Block III subs which will feature a revised bow , including some technology from SSGNs .
Bombing of Frampol The Bombing of Frampol happened during the German invasion of Poland in 1939 . On 13 September , the town of Frampol , with a population of 4 , 000 , was bombed by the German Luftwaffe as a practice run for future missions . Over 60 % to 90 % of the town ' s infrastructure was destroyed ; only two streets remained untouched , plus a few houses . Frampol was destroyed by bombers of Luftwaffe ’ s 8th Air Corps , under General Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen . According to Polish historians Pawel Puzio and Ryszard Jasinski , there were not any units of the Polish Army in Frampol , and the town did not have any military facilities . First German reconnaissance plane appeared over Frampol on September 9 , 1939 . It took some photos , and on September 11 and 12 , there were bombings of the town , but they did not cause any significant damage . The Luftwaffe chose Frampol for the experimental bombing probably because the town had an extensive market square , with a grid plan , making it appear as a large " bullseye " . Furthermore , there were no antiaircraft units at Frampol . It has not been established how many planes took part in the bombing , some estimates claim there were 125 . Loses in population were not severe , only 10 people died , as local residents had expected the bombing , and had managed to leave Frampol in time . On September 18 , another German reconnaissance plane appeared over Frampol to snap photos of the destruction . The bombing of Frampol plays an important part in the short story " The Little Shoemakers " by Isaac Bashevis Singer . Also , as Norman Davies writes in " Europe at War 1939 - 1945 : No Simple Victory " : " Frampol was chosen partly because it was completely defenceless , and partly because its baroque street plan presented a perfect geometric grid . " " Frampol was chosen as an experimental object , because test bombers , flying at low speed , weren ' t endangered by AA fire . Also , the centrally placed town hall was an ideal orientation point for the crews . We watched possibility of orientation after visible signs , and also the size of village , what guaranteed that bombs nevertheless fall down on Frampol . From one side it should make easier the note of probe , from second side it should confirm the efficiency of used bombs . " - Wolfgang Schreyer ' s book " Eyes on the sky " ( " Augen am Himmel " )