naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William J . Fetterman William Judd Fetterman ( 1833 – December 21 , 1866 ) was an officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and the subsequent Red Cloud ' s War on the Great Plains . Fetterman and his command of 80 men were killed in the Fetterman Fight . Early life . Fetterman was probably born in New London , Connecticut , although this is uncertain . His father was a career Army officer of Pennsylvania German ancestry . Military career . Fetterman enlisted in the Union Army on May 14 , 1861 in Delaware , and was promptly commissioned a first lieutenant . He served with the First Battalion of the US 18th Infantry Regiment throughout the war and was twice brevet ted for gallant conduct , finishing the war as a lieutenant colonel of Volunteers . After the war , he chose to remain in the Regular Army and was assigned as a captain in the Second Battalion of the 18th Infantry Regiment . In November 1866 , the regiment was stationed at Fort Phil Kearny , tasked with protecting immigrants traveling to the gold fields of Montana Territory along the Bozeman Trail . Fetterman allegedly boasted that with 80 soldiers , he could " ride through the Sioux Nation . " On December 21 , 1866 , a large band of Cheyenne and Sioux - which included Crazy Horse - under the leadership of Red Cloud attacked a wood train near the fort . Despite his unfamiliarity with frontier conditions and the methods of Indian fighting , Fetterman took command of a composite reaction force consisting of the former battalion quartermaster , Captain Frederick Brown , 2nd Lt . George Grummond , 49 enlisted troops of the 18th Infantry , 27 men of the 2nd Cavalry , and 2 civilian scouts , ironically totaling 80 men . Ignoring his orders not to venture beyond Lodge Trail Ridge ( out of sight and support distance from the fort ) , Fetterman pursued a small band of Sioux and was lured into an ambush . He found himself facing approximately 2 , 000 Indians . Within 20 minutes , Fetterman and his command had been wiped out . The Fetterman Massacre , as the encounter became known , was second in notoriety only to Custer ' s disastrous defeat in 1876 . It led to the dismissal of Fetterman ' s commanding officer , Henry B . Carrington , who was initially blamed for the disaster , but was eventually exonerated . Fetterman ' s grave is in the National Cemetery at the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument . He had never married and left no heirs . His pension was sent to his mother . Legacy . In 1867 , the army designated a new outpost in the Dakota Territory as " Fort Fetterman " in honor of the slain officer . There is also a Fetterman Street and Fetterman Drive in Laramie , Wyoming . The actor Robert Fuller played the role of Fetterman in the episode , " Massacre at Fort Phil Kearny " , which aired on October 26 , 1966 , on NBC ' s anthology television series , " Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre " . Others who appeared in the segment were Richard Egan and Phyllis Avery as Colonel Henry Carrington and his wife , Margaret Carrington , Robert Pine as Lieutenant Brown , and Carroll O ' Connor as Captain Ten Eyck .
Gousset Gousset was a component of late Medieval armor . During the transition from mail to plate armor , sections of mail covered parts of the body that were not protected by steel plate . These sections of mail were known as gousset . Gousset came into use in the fourteenth century as plate became a structural part of a suit of knight ly armor rather than an addition strapped over a suit of mail . During the fourteenth century there was considerable variation in the ratio of gousset to plate . By the early fifteenth century the use of gousset was generally restricted to joints such as the hip , neck , armpits , and elbows . It declined in Italian white armour as improvements in armor design covered these areas with plate . Gousset was nearly absent from white armor by 1450 , but remained in German Gothic plate armour throughout most of the century . The term has been lent to clothing as gusset .
Desert warfare Desert warfare is combat in deserts . In desert warfare the elements can sometimes be more dangerous than the actual enemy . The desert terrain is the second most inhospitable to troops following a cold environment . The low humidity , extremes of heat / cold , and lack of obstacles and wild - life allows the increased use of electronic devices and unmanned aircraft for surveillance and attacks . Properties and tactics of desert warfare . The barrenness of the desert makes the capture of key cities essential to ensure the ability to maintain control over important resources ( primarily clean water ) and being able to keep a military well supplied . As such in conventional warfare this makes sieges a more frequent occurrence as the defender often prepares entrenched positions to protect the cities that they are supplied from . Camouflage and cover . Many deserts have limited amounts of noticeable landmarks and as such maneuvering through a desert can turn into a navigational nightmare . Militaries often make use of cavalry to traverse the large expanses of a harsh desert without increasing the exertion of the warriors or soldier who are already at a higher risk of dehydration because of the high temperatures during the day . Mobility . Mobility is essential to a successful desert war . This explains the heavy use of armour in battles such as El Alamein in the Second World War . It has been noted that mobility is so important in desert warfare , that battles can sometimes begin to resemble naval engagements , where the actual possession of territory is less important than the positions of one ' s tanks ( or ships ) . There are many enemies to the desert fighter . These include aircraft , and tank s , which can be extremely menacing to desert guerrillas because there is little way to equal such force . Additionally , there are few places to hide from such weapons in the desert environment where there is little obstruction . Another problem is the sand dunes , mobility is reduced by 60 % . With no firm and stable ground footing it is easy to slide down or even get buried . Water scarcity . Lack of water and extreme heat can also cause complications when engaging in desert warfare . Another lethal enemy is the landmine . Though not limited to desert use , it is a deadly device and underrated in its importance , as it is difficult to detect and can deny mobility . The scarcity of water may lead to change in bases , moving from one position to another looking for a water source .
HMS Montagu ( 1779 ) HMS " Montagu " , sometimes spelled " Montague " , was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 28 August 1779 at Chatham Dockyard . " Montagu " took part in the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1780 and the Glorious First of June in 1794 . She was broken up in 1818 .
Air Force Audit Agency The Air Force Audit Agency ( AFAA ) is a Field Operating Agency ( FOA ) of the United States Air Force that provides all levels of Air Force management with audit services and assesses Air Force financial stewardship and the accuracy of financial reporting . History . Originally established as the 1030th USAF Auditor General group on 1 July 1948 , the AFAA was redesignated a separate operating agency under the Comptroller of the Air Force on 31 December 1971 . On 24 July 1978 , the AFAA was transferred under the Secretary of the Air Force with oversight from the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force . In 1986 , the Department of Defense reorganization resulted in significant changes within the Secretariat of the Air Force . The Auditor General of the Air Force then reported directly to the Secretary of the Air Force , with no oversight or supervision from other Secretariat offices .
Operation Blue Hearts During the Korean War , Operation Bluehearts was the American amphibious landing conducted at Pohang on 18 July 1950 by the First Cavalry Division . The town was still in friendly hands , but was in the path of the rapid North Korean advance . The American units quickly joined the defenders . This landing , planned on extremely short notice , attracted little attention at the time , but pointed the way towards critical landing at Inchon ( Operation Chromite ) .
Eberhard Schäfer Eberhard Schäfer ( 25 August 1924 – 9 April 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Eberhard Schäfer was wounded on 6 April 1944 during an attack of Soviet troop concentrations north of Brody . His aircraft was hit by small arms fire , one bullet hitting his sidearm on his belt . The pistol and magazine were torn apart and bullets and fragments pierced his abdomen . Schäfer kept his consciousness during the 35 - minute return flight . Despite immediate medical attention he died at the field hospital 608 in Zamość , Poland at 02 : 30 on 9 April 1944 . " Generalleutnant " Hans Seidemann had presented Schäfer the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross at the field hospital on 8 April 1944 . He was posthumously promoted to Oberleutnant and awarded the German Cross in Gold .
Special Operations Command Pacific The Special Operations Command Pacific , known as SOCPAC , is a sub - unified command of the United States Department of Defense for special forces in the U . S . Pacific Command area of responsibility . History . The Special Operations Center , Pacific Command was established 1 November 1965 . Headquartered in Okinawa , the unit provided unconventional warfare task force support for operations in Southeast Asia . After these functions transferred to the Commander in Chief , Pacific Command ( CINCPAC ) , the command dissolved on 1 July 1969 . A special operations staff was established in the CINCPAC Operations Directorate on 15 May 1976 , for planning and coordinating in - theater special operations . In October 1983 , the U . S . Joint Chiefs of Staff established special operations commands in the Pacific and European Theaters . Special Operations Command , Pacific ( SOCPAC ) was activated on 1 November 1983 with only eighteen personnel . Six years later , on 28 December 1989 , SOCPAC was assigned operational control of what is now the 353d Special Operations Group and 1st Battalion , 1st Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) , which are located on Okinawa , Japan at Kadena Air Base and Torii Station , respectively . On 8 July 1991 , SOCPAC assumed control of Naval Special Warfare Task Unit - Pacific and a platoon of United States Navy SEALs , based at Apra Harbor in Guam . In early March 2001 , SOCPAC established the Joint Special Operations Aviation Component . On 11 June 2001 , SOCPAC gained control over E Company , 160th Special Operations Regiment ( Airborne ) , which is based in Daegu in South Korea . As a subordinate unified command of the United States Pacific Command , SOCPAC units deploy throughout the Pacific . SOCPAC annually conducts small unit exchanges , joint and combined training events , and operational deployments throughout the Pacific . Units are used for counterdrug and humanitarian demining operations , training forces in countries such as Thailand , Laos , Cambodia , Vietnam , and the Philippines . SOCPAC hosts an annual Pacific Area Special Operations Conference in Hawaii for over 200 U . S . and foreign delegates . The command can operate as a rapidly deployable Joint Task Force . In January 2002 , SOCPAC deployed to the Southern Philippines as JTF 510 , conducting counterterrorist operations with the Philippine Government under Operation Enduring Freedom . The force redeployed on 1 September 2002 , leaving elements to form the Joint Special Operations Task Force - Philippines with the Armed Forces of the Philippines . The command is headquartered at Camp H . M . Smith in Hawaii . From 1995 to 1997 Air Force General Charles R . Holland commanded SOCPAC . From 2000 to 2003 Donald C . Wurster was commander , David P . Fridovich commanded from 2005 to 2007 , and then Salvatore F . Cambria . In June 2009 Rear Admiral Sean A . Pybus became commander of SOCPAC .
Sardar - e - Jung The Sardar - e - Jung was the second highest military decoration by the awarded by the Azad Hind Government . First instituted by Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany , it was later also awarded to troops of the Indian National Army in South East Asia . The award could be conferred with swords for valour in combat , and without swords for non - combat awards . At least two awards were made , one to Colonel Shaukat Hayat Malik for the capture of Moirang , and to Capt Shanghara Singh Mann . Capt . Mann was also awarded the Vir - e - Hind medal .
HMS Gibraltar Prize HMS " Gibraltar Prize , also known as HMS " Gibraltar ' s Prize , was a sloop of the Royal Navy . She began life as a French privateer schooner known as the " Glaneur " , but captured her on 10 December 1756 , or February or March 1757 ; prize money was paid on 3 January 1758 . The Admiralty purchased her on 12 February 1757 for £795 9s and the Royal Navy took her into service under the name " Gibraltar ' s Prize " . The Admiralty sold her in 1761 . Service . " Gibraltars Prize " was commissioned the day after her purchase . She then was reclassified in March 1757 as an unrated tender . In 16 April 1757 , she sailed to North America from the Cove of Cork along with a fleet commanded by Vice - Admiral Francis Holburne , for Halifax in Canada . There she was left behind with several other ships - the " Windsor " , the " Arc - En - Ciel " , the " Nightingale " , the " Speedwell " and the bomb - vessel " Grenado " - to defend the city of Halifax , as a fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Holburne left to reconnoitre Louisbourg . She had 12 guns at the time . Her captain at the time was John Stott , who was previously master of . He was promoted to lieutenant and given command of " Gibraltar Prize " , and then further promoted to commander on 14 June 1757 , replacing the previous commander , Lieutenant Schomberg . By January 1758 , the command had changed again : this time , to Lieutenant Robert Kerr , previously of . Fate . " Gibraltar Prize " was decommissioned and sold on 22 January 1761 at Sheerness for £135 .
USS Long Beach ( AK - 9 ) USS Long Beach ( AK - 9 ) was a cargo ship acquired by the U . S . Navy for service in World War I . Seizing a German freighter . The first Long Beach commissioned by the Navy , ( No . 2136 ) was built as " SS Yarrowdale " by William Pickersgill & Sons , Sunderland , England , in 1892 ; renamed " SS Nicolas Castriotis " in 1902 and , while in German service , " SS Hohenfelde " in 1912 ; seized by USSB 6 April 1917 at Savannah , Georgia ; acquired by the Navy the same day ; and commissioned at Charleston , South Carolina , 20 December 1917 , Lt . Comdr . E . Nelson , USNRF , in command . World War I North Atlantic operations . Assigned to Train , special service , " Long Beach " delivered lumber from Jacksonville , Florida , to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , from 26 December 1917 to 9 January 1918 , then sailed from Norfolk , Virginia , 4 February for Dublin , Ireland , arriving 3 March to join the Army ’ s Cross Channel Service . She carried coal from England and Ireland to French ports for use by American troops until 23 April 1919 , when she cleared Dublin with a cargo of aviation material for Norfolk , arriving 13 May . Post - war operations . After overhaul at Philadelphia , " Long Beach " joined NOTS , home ported at Norfolk . She carried coal to Portsmouth , New Hampshire ; Boston , Massachusetts ; and Key West , Florida , with a voyage to the West Indies to supply marine detachments early in 1920 , and again the next fall . Decommissioning . She cleared Norfolk 19 December for Melville , Rhode Island , with coal , then entered Boston Navy Yard where she decommissioned 26 April 1921 . On 24 May 1922 she was sold to Mr . B . L . Stafford of New York .
ARA La Argentina ( D - 11 ) ARA " La Argentina " ( pennant number D - 11 ) is the second ship of the MEKO 360H2 series of four destroyers built for the Argentine Navy . The ship is the eighth ship in the history of the Argentine Navy to bear the name of the corsair frigate " La Argentina " which conducted a privateer raid around the world against Spanish trade in 1817 . The Argentine Navy struggles to meet maintenance and training requirements because of financial problems and import restrictions . The " Almirante Brown " class are reported to be short of spares and suffering engine problems , plus all their ordnance is past its expiry date . As a result " La Argentina " suffered a major breakdown in 2012 . Origin . " La Argentina " and her sister ships were authorized under the Naval Construction National Plan of 1974 , an initiative by the Argentine Navy to replace old World War II - vintage warships which were nearing the end of their operational lives . A contract was signed with the Blohm + Voss Shipyards in Hamburg , West Germany for the construction of four MEKO 360H2 destroyers . Construction . " La Argentina " was launched on 25 September 1981 . The ship was delivered to the Argentine Navy on 11 May 1983 for her sea trials , following which the ship departed for Argentina , arriving at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base on 18 July and being formally commissioned into the Navy on 4 August of that same year . Service history . The ship emerged in 2006 from an overhaul which included the extension of her flight deck to allow for the operation of SH - 3 Sea King helicopters . She is currently home - ported at Puerto Belgrano as part of the Navy ' s Destroyer Division , along with her three sister ships .
Battle of Lindley ' s Mill The Battle of Lindley ' s Mill ( also known as the Battle of Cane Creek ) took place in Orange County , North Carolina ( now in Alamance County ) , on September 13 , 1781 , during the American Revolutionary War . The battle took its name from a mill that sat at the site of the battle on Cane Creek , which sat along a road connecting what was then the temporary state capital , Hillsborough , with Wilmington , North Carolina . Background . On September 12 , 1781 , loyalist militia under the command of militia colonels David Fanning and Hector McNeill captured Governor Thomas Burke and thirteen high - ranking Whig officials in a daylight raid on Hillsborough on September 12 , 1781 . The captured officials were to be transported down the road to Wilmington where they would be turned over to the British Army . Brigadier General John Butler , whose home was located nearby , and 300 patriot militiamen of the Hillsborough District Brigade set an ambush at Lindley ’ s Mill the next day . The battle . Lindley ' s Mill was located on Cane Creek , a tributary of the Haw River . Upon the Loyalist approach , the Patriot militia sprung their trap , surprising Fanning and his men . The loyalist forces were forced to ford Cane Creek in order to assault the patriot positions , which were on a plateau overlooking the creek . The elderly Hector McNeill , the commander of a unit of loyal Highlanders , was cut down early in the battle , leading the vanguard of Fanning ' s militia across the creek . The British failed to gain any ground against the Patriot position until Fanning and a larger company forded the creek upstream from Butler ' s position , and attacked the Patriot militia from their flank . This put the militia on the defensive , and the battle persisted for four hours until eventually Butler felt compelled to order his men to retreat due to casualties . In spite of Butler ' s order , a contingent of men attempted to continue holding their ground , but they were ultimately dislodged by Fanning . Aftermath . Between 200 and 250 men were killed or wounded in the battle , with the Tory force suffering due to the loss of McNeill and serious wounds received by Fanning , who was forced to hide in the woods when his column moved on . Among those wounded was Dr . John Pyle , who had earlier commanded an ill - fated regiment of loyalist militia at Pyle ' s Massacre . After recovering from his wounds , Pyle helped to nurse many other wounded men , patriots and loyalists alike , back to health , for which service Governor Alexander Martin would later pardon Pyle ' s loyalist activities . The governor was not rescued by the patriots , and was successfully imprisoned on James Island . The battle effectively closed the war in North Carolina one month before Lord Cornwallis surrendered the British Army at Yorktown , but did not serve to dampen patriot sentiments in the State . Indeed , historians have commented that the capture of Governor Burke and the defeat of the patriots only encouraged a growth in patriot sentiment .
Rudolf Kolbeck Dr . med . dent . Rudolf Kolbeck ( 24 March 1889 – 12 September 1965 ) was an Oberst der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Valiants Memorial The Valiants Memorial ( ) is a military monument located in the Canadian capital of Ottawa , commemorating fourteen key figures from the military history of the country . The work consists of nine busts and five statues , all life - sized , by artists Marlene Hilton Moore and John McEwen . It was installed around the Sappers Staircase , an underpass on the northeastern corner of Confederation Square , adjacent to the National War Memorial . The wall of the staircase is decorated with a quotation from " The Aeneid " by Virgil : " Nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo " , " No day will ever erase you from the memory of time " . The monument was dedicated by Governor General Michaëlle Jean on November 5 , 2006 . The heroes commemorated in the monument are : External links . ( currently updating )
Killeen Air Force Station Killeen Air Force Station ( ADC ID : TM - 192 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located west - southwest of Killeen , Texas . It was closed in 1961 . History . Killeen Air Force Station came into existence as part of Phase III of the Air Defense Command ( ADC ) Mobile Radar program . On October 20 , 1953 , ADC requested a third phase of twenty - five radar sites be constructed . It was constructed on the existing Robert Gray AFB to provide radar protection for the Fort Hood area . The 814th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was moved to Killeen AFS on 14 February 1957 . It operated AN / FPS - 20 search radar and an AN / FPS - 6 height - finder radars at the station , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . In addition to the main facility , Killeen operated two AN / FPS - 18 Gap Filler sites between April and December 1960 : Killeen was inactivated 1 February 1961 due to budgetary cuts . Today most of the site is unused , but maintained by Fort Hood with most of the buildings being torn down . A radio tower is now on the site . The circular concrete foundation for the AN / FPS - 20A search radar tower is clearly visible in aerial imagery .
Fort Clayton Fort Clayton was a United States Army base in the former Panama Canal Zone , later part of the Republic of Panama . Fort Clayton was located northwest of Balboa , Panama , with the Panama Canal located nearby . It closed in 1999 pursuant to the Torrijos - Carter Treaties . The Southern Command Network and 193rd Infantry Brigade were both headquartered there , as was the headquarters of United States Army South prior to its relocation to Fort Buchanan , Puerto Rico . It is now used for residential housing , schools , and the headquarters of the " Ciudad del Saber " ( City of Knowledge ) .