naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Chekira Airfield Chekira Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia , which was located near Wadi al ` Akarit ( Qabis ) ; about 300 km south of Tunis . It was a temporary airfield built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers , used by the United States Army Air Force Ninth Air Force during the Tunisian Campaign . It was used by the 57th Fighter Group , which flew P - 40 Warhawk s from the airfield between 10 - 14 1943 during the British Eighth Army ' s advance into Tunisia from Libya , to which the 57th was attached . When the Americans moved out at the end of April 1943 , the airfield was dismantled and abandoned . Today the airfield ' s precise location is undetermined , as agricultural fields have obliterated its existence .
Donald S . Jones Vice Admiral Donald S . Jones ( May 18 , 1928 – December 13 , 2004 ) was a United States Navy admiral . Biography . Don Jones was born in Madison , Wisconsin , graduated from the University of Wisconsin – Madison , earned an MSA Degree from George Washington University , completed the Naval Postgraduate School course in National Security Affairs and attended the Industrial College of the Armed Forces . Jones commenced active duty as a Naval Aviation Cadet in 1950 and after receiving his " Wings of Gold " he began a career long association with helicopters and fixed - wing anti - submarine warfare . Postings with Air Development Squadron One , as a test and evaluation pilot , and Helicopter Squadrons One and Five were devoted to integrating the ASW helicopter into attack carrier aviation . He commanded a detachment of helicopters tasked to evaluate their role in the complex operational environment of the Attack Carrier . This deployment set the stage for the routine involvement of the helicopter in Battle Group operations . While Commanding Officer of Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron Four ( HS - 4 " Black Knights " ) , he was tasked to NASA to develop night and all - weather astronaut recovery procedures for the Apollo program . As a result of this effort , HS - 4 was designated the helicopter recovery squadron for five Apollo missions – 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 and 13 . Jones himself was the recovery pilot for the first moon orbital flight of Apollo 8 and the first moon landing flight of Apollo 11 . The primary recovery ship for Apollo 11 was . Jones had a total of seven Command assignments at sea including Carrier ASW Air Group Fifty - Three , , Amphibious Squadron Seven , Amphibious Group One , and Amphibious Forces Seventh Fleet . His last operational assignment was Commander , Third Fleet , with responsibility of the training and readiness of all Naval forces from the West Coast of the United States . Shore assignments included duty on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations , Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence , DCNO for Operations Plans and Policy , Office of the Secretary of Defense as Director of East Asia Policy and Senior Military Assistant to the Deputy Secretary . His last billet prior to retirement was Senior Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense , the only officer to have held this important post for both the Deputy Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Defense . After retirement as a Vice Admiral , Jones was Trustee of the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation , the Naval Helicopter Association and the Association of Naval Aviation . Awards . Recognition for his military service includes two Defense Distinguished Service Medal s , two Navy Distinguished Service Medal s , the Legion of Merit and numerous personal and theater awards .
Siege of Udo The Siege of Udo the Siege of Udo was a battle during the final years of the Azuchi - Momoyama period ( 17th century ) of Japan . During this section of the Sekigahara campaign , Kato Kiyomasa had assisted the cause of the Tokugawa under Tokugawa Ieyasu in Kyūshū . Kato Kiyomasa had elaborated on his contributions by taking the castle of Udo after a long fought siege . Udo castle at the time had belonged to his old rival Konishi Yukinaga . References . " The Samurai Sourcebook "
George Paget Thomson Sir George Paget Thomson , FRS ( 3 May 1892 – 10 September 1975 ) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics recognised for his discovery with Clinton Davisson of the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction . Biography . Thomson was born in Cambridge , England , the son of physicist and Nobel laureate J . J . Thomson and Rose Elisabeth Paget , the daughter of the professor of medicine at the University of Cambridge . Thomson went to The Perse School , Cambridge before going on to read mathematics and physics at Trinity College , Cambridge , until the outbreak of World War I in 1914 , when he was commissioned into the Queen ' s Royal West Surrey Regiment . After brief service in France , he worked on aerodynamics at Farnborough and elsewhere . He resigned his commission as a Captain in 1920 . In 1924 , Thomson married Kathleen Buchanan Smith , daughter of the Very Rev . Sir George Adam Smith . They had four children , two sons and two daughters . Kathleen died in 1941 . Career . After briefly serving in the First World War Thomson became a Fellow at Cambridge and then moved to the University of Aberdeen . George Thomson was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1937 for his work in Aberdeen in discovering the wave - like properties of the electron . The prize was shared with Clinton Joseph Davisson who had made the same discovery independently . Whereas his father had seen the electron as a particle ( and won his Nobel Prize in the process ) , Thomson demonstrated that it could be diffracted like a wave , a discovery proving the principle of wave - particle duality which had first been posited by Louis - Victor de Broglie in the 1920s as what is often dubbed the de Broglie hypothesis . In 1930 he was appointed Professor at Imperial College in the chair of the late Hugh Longbourne Callendar . In the late 1930s and during the Second World War Thomson specialised in nuclear physics , concentrating on practical military applications . In particular Thomson was the chairman of the crucial MAUD Committee in 1940 – 1941 that concluded that an atomic bomb was feasible . In later life he continued this work on nuclear energy but also wrote works on aerodynamics and the value of science in society . Thomson stayed at Imperial College until 1952 , when he became Master of Corpus Christi College , Cambridge . In 1964 , the college honoured his tenure with the George Thomson Building , a work of modernist architecture on the college ' s Leckhampton campus . Thomson was knighted in 1943 .
German submarine U - 750 German submarine " U - 750 " was a German Type VIIC submarine U - boat built for the German Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . Record . Work on " U - 750 " began on 29 September 1942 at werk 1560 of the F Schichau GmbH in the former Free City of Danzig . She was commissioned on 26 August 1943 , under the command of Oblt . Georg von Bitter and trained with the 24th U - boat Flotilla until 1 April 1945 . By 31 August 1944 however , Oblt . Bitter was replaced by Oblt . Justus Grawert , who would command her for the rest of her service career . On 1 April 1945 , U - 750 was moved to the 5th Uboat Flotilla , but remained as a training boat until her surrender to the Allies in May .
HMS Grafton ( 1892 ) HMS " Grafton " was a first class cruiser of the " Edgar " class . She was launched on 30 January 1892 . Commissioned at Portsmouth on September 10 , 1895 , she served in the China sea on the China station from April 22 , 1896 till September 10 , 1889 , and served in the First World War in the Gallipoli Campaign , along with her sisters " Endymion " , " Edgar " and " Theseus " . She was sold for breaking up at Plymouth on 1 July 1920 . On 10 June 1917 , " Grafton " was torpedoed by the German U - boat east of Malta and was damaged , but was safely brought into port at Malta . There were no casualties in the attack . She later took part in the Battle of Jaffa .
HMS Nassau ( 1706 ) HMS " Nassau " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched on 9 January 1706 . Orders were issued on 25 May 1736 directing " Nassau " to be taken to pieces and rebuilt according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment at Chatham , from where she was relaunched on 25 September 1740 . " Nassau " was sold out of the navy in 1770 .
Ephraim Milton Woomer Ephraim Milton Woomer ( January 14 , 1844 – November 29 , 1897 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Ephraim M . Woomer was born in Jonestown , Lebanon County , Pennsylvania . He attended the common schools . During the American Civil War he enlisted in Company A , Ninety - third Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry , in September 1861 , and was later promoted to sergeant . He taught school until 1869 , when he became engaged in mercantile pursuits . He served as clerk of the orphans ’ court of Lebanon County , Pennsylvania , from 1869 to 1872 . He was cashier of the People ’ s Bank of Lebanon and a member of the council of the borough of Lebanon from 1884 to 1886 . He was president of the select council of the city of Lebanon from 1886 to 1890 . He was a delegate to the 1888 Republican National Convention . Woomer was elected as a Republican to the Fifty - third and Fifty - fourth Congresses . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1896 . After his time in congress he was again engaged in banking , and died in Lebanon , Pennsylvania , in 1897 . Interment in Mount Lebanon Cemetery .
Michael E . Ryan Michael E . Ryan ( born December 24 , 1941 ) is a retired United States Air Force general and was the 18th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from October 1997 - September 2001 . He served as the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization , training and equipage of 700 , 000 active - duty , Guard , Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas . As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , he and the other service chiefs functioned as military advisers to the Secretary of Defense , National Security Council and the president . Ryan entered the U . S . Air Force after graduating from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965 ; he was a graduate of Omaha Creighton Prep High School . He has commanded at the squadron , wing , numbered air force and major command levels . He flew combat in Southeast Asia , including 100 missions over North Vietnam . He also served in staff assignments at the major command level , Headquarters U . S . Air Force and the Joint Staff . Before assuming the Chief of Staff position , Ryan was Commander of U . S . Air Forces in Europe and Commander , Allied Air Forces Central Europe , with headquarters at Ramstein Air Base , Germany . As Commander of Sixteenth Air Force and Allied Air Forces Southern Europe in Italy , he directed the NATO air combat operations in Bosnia - Herzegovina , including the bombing missions of Operation Deliberate Force , which created the context for the U . S . to broker the Dayton Peace Accords between the parties in conflict . Ryan personally approved every NATO target during the two - week Operation Deliberate Force campaign . Ryan ' s father , General John Dale Ryan , was the 7th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force , from 1969 to 1973 . Ryan retired from the U . S . Air Force on October 1 , 2001 .
Uxellodunum Uxellodunum is an iron age hill fort , or " oppidum " , located above the river Dordogne near the modern - day French village of Vayrac in the Lot department . This stronghold lay within the lands of the Cadurci tribe . According to Aulus Hirtius in his addendum to Julius Caesar ' s " Commentaries on the Gallic War " , the last revolt against Rome ' s authority in Gaul occurred here , and was brutally punished . The " Commentaries on the Gallic War " describe Uxellodunum as being strongly fortified by its natural position , with a river dividing the valley below that almost surrounded the steep craggy mountain on which the citadel was built . The name apparently means " high fort " ; " dun " is a Celtic word for fort which is to be found in many place - names . Description of siege . The main source of information about the siege in 51 BC is Book 8 of the " Commentaries on the Gallic War " . The siege is also mentioned briefly by the engineer Sextus Julius Frontinus in his book " Stratagems " . The siege began after Lucterius , the leader of the Cadurci , and Drapes from the Senones , prepared Uxellodunum against a Roman assault . Caesar ' s commander in the area , the legate Gaius Caninius Rebilus , deployed his two legion s . Informed by letter of the situation , Caesar decided to take personal charge of the siege . " ( Latin ) " p . 221 book 8 Caesar saw that his work could never be brought to a successful conclusion if similar revolts were allowed to break out constantly in different parts of the county ; and his clemency was so well known that no one would think him a cruel man if for once he took severe measures . So he decided to deter all others by making an example of the defenders of Uxellodunum . All who had borne arms had their hands cut off and were then let go , so that everyone might see what punishment was meted evildoers . Location and conservation of site . There has been long - running controversy as to the location of Uxellodunum . Charles Athanase Walckenaer asserted that Uxellodunum was to be identified with the village of Capdenac on the Lot River . However , archaeological work has since validated the theory that the " oppidum " in question was at Puy d ' Issolud , Vayrac . Weapons have been found there and also features which have been interpreted as relating to the water transfer described in the historical account of the siege . This site ( ) was officially recognised by the French Ministry of Culture in 2001 . Various finds from Puy d ' Issolud are displayed in Martel , Lot at the " Musée d ' Uxellodunum " , housed in a historic building , the Palais de la Raymondie . There is also a " Musée Uxellodunum " in Vayrac . There have been proposals to develop " quality " tourism at the site itself , which as at 2008 lacked interpretative material for the visitor .
Fortaleza de São João ( Rio de Janeiro ) The Fortaleza de São João da Barra do Rio de Janeiro , popularly known as the Fortaleza de São João or Forte ( de ) São João ( Fort of St . John ) , is a 16th - century star fort in the present - day Urca neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro , erected by Estácio de Sá to protect Guanabara Bay from French invasion . History . The original fort was built in 1565 under Sebastian of Portugal . An expanded and improved structure was put into service in 1618 , consisting of four batteries ( São José , São Martinho , São Teodósio , and São Diogo ) . Its armaments were greatly reduced , and not manned , during Brazil ' s Regency period , but Dom Pedro II ordered the fort completely renovated in 1872 , and it was equipped with a complement of guns , bunkers , and batteries , including fifteen Whitworth cannons . It was manned as a coastal artillery installation until 1991 . In 1930 , the Brazilian Army ' s Centro Militar de Educação Física ( created in 1922 ) was transferred to the Fortaleza de São João . This establishment was renamed in 1933 and continues to be based at the Fortaleza de São João , together with the directorate to which it is subordinated , the , since the latter ' s creation in 2002 . External links . city
William Robert Broughton William Robert Broughton was a British naval officer in the late 18th century . As a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy , he commanded HMS " Chatham " as part of the Vancouver Expedition , a voyage of exploration through the Pacific Ocean led by Captain George Vancouver in the early 1790s . With Vancouver . In November 1791 , while exploring the South Pacific , his crew were the first Europeans to sight the Chatham Islands . In October 1792 , while exploring the Pacific Northwest of North America , he was ordered to explore the lower Columbia , between present - day Oregon and Washington , with several boats from Broughton ' s ship . Broughton and his party navigated upriver as far as the Columbia River Gorge . On 30 October , he reached his farthest point up the Columbia , landing in eastern Multnomah County east of Portland and northwest of Mount Hood . Late in 1792 , Vancouver , stymied by conflicting instructions over Nootka Sound , sent Broughton back to England via Mexico and the Atlantic , bearing dispatches and requesting instructions . Exploring Japan and Sakhalin . In 1793 , Broughton was promoted to commander and later given command of , a ship formerly commanded by Captain William Bligh . In February 1795 he left England for the Pacific to assist Vancouver . Correctly determining that Vancouver had returned to England having completed his survey , Broughton crossed to Japan and from September 1796 charted the east coast of Honshu and Hokkaidō before wintering at Macau . There Broughton purchased a small schooner to assist the " Providence . " Next year he returned to Japan where the " Providence " was wrecked on Providence Reef ( now Yae Bishi 八重干瀬 ) at Miyako Island ( south of Okinawa ) . The schooner saved the crew of the wrecked ship and they continued north along the east coast of Honshu . He passed either north or south of Hokaido and sailed north into the Gulf of Tartary along the west coast of Sakhalin . Finding extensive shallows at the north end of the gulf he falsely concluded that Sakhalin was part of the mainland ( a common mistake ) . He turned south along the coast of Korea and then headed home by way of Trincomalee , Ceylon where the crew was paid off . He reached England in February 1799 . Later career . Broughton continued service , seeing action at the Battle of the Basque Roads and in the 1811 Java Expedition ( where he was commodore ) . He died in Florence , Italy in 1821 , and he was buried in the Old English Cemetery , Livorno . Legacy . Broughton named many locations in the course of his explorations and has been honoured with namings as well : References . Derek Hayes , Historical Atlas of the North Pacific Ocean ' , 2001
Battle of Gomit The Battle of Gomit ( another name : battle of Ygubba ) was fought in 1445 between Ethiopia and her tributary the Adal Sultanate . The Ethiopians were led by Zara Yaqob , while the forces of Adal were led by Sultan Badlay ibn Sa ' ad ad - Din of Adal . The Ethiopian army was victorious , and Badlay ad - Din was killed and dismembered , with his body distributed around Ethiopia .
Benjamin Franklin Graves Benjamin Franklin Graves ( 1771 – 1813 ) was a politician and military leader in early 19th century Kentucky . A Major in the 2nd Battalion , 5th Kentucky Volunteer regiment , Graves was among the American troops who fought at the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812 . Personal life . Graves was born in Virginia ' s Spotsylvania County and moved to Kentucky with his siblings and widowed mother in 1791 . He was a two - term ( 1801 and 1804 ) state representative for Fayette County in Kentucky He married Polly Dudley , daughter of Ambrose Dudley and Ann Parker , and together they had six children . Military career and presumed death . Graves was Nathaniel G . S . Hart ' s commanding officer . During the fighting at Frenchtown on January 22 , Graves was shot in the knee , bandaged his wound himself and told his men to continue fighting . After the death of Colonel John Allen , field command of the Kentuckians came to rest upon Graves and Major George Madison . He was among the survivors who surrendered to British forces upon General Winchester ' s orders . His younger brother , Lieutenant Thomas Coleman Graves ( a 1st Lieutenant of the 17th Infantry ) , was also killed during the battle . After the surrender British officer Captain William Elliott , a Loyalist , asked to borrow Graves ' horse , saddle and bridle . Elliott then promised that he would send back additional help for the wounded Americans but the help never arrived . < ref name = " Richardson / Dudley " > < / ref > On January 23 , Graves and other injured Americans were captured by Potawatomie Indians during the River Raisin Massacre . Graves was imprisoned by the Pottawottamies along with Timothy Mallory , Samuel Ganoe , and John Davenport . Mallory and Ganoe were later able to escape . He was started out on the march toward Detroit but then disappears from written records . Graves was reportedly seen near Detroit on the Rouge River but was not definitively heard from again and is presumed to have died during the march . Winchester ' s February 11 , 1813 letter about the Battle , written to the US Secretary of War , was widely published in American newspapers at that time , mentioned Major Graves and his fellow officers saying " they defended themselves to the last with great gallantry " . After Graves ' disappearance while a prisoner , for years " his widow kept a light burning at the window of their home " in case he would return . Memorials . Graves County , Kentucky was created and named in his honor in 1823 , His name is enscribed , along with the names of his fellow officers who fell at the Raisin , on Kentucky ' s Military Monument to All Wars in the Frankfort Cemetery .
Mohammad Ahmed Zaki Lieutenant General Mohammad Ahmed Zaki ( born 20 January 1935 , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh ) is a retired army general . Zaki was educated at the Rashtriya Indian Military College , Dehra Dun from 1947 to 1951 . He was selected for the National Defence Academy in 1952 and on getting commissioned in the Indian Army , he joined 19 Maratha Light Infantry in 1955 . In the Indo - Pakistani War of 1965 , Zaki was wounded in the battle of Thatti Jaimal Singh and was awarded " Vir Chakra " for a conspicuous display of gallantry in the face of the enemy . During the Indo - Pakistani War of 1971 , he was in command of 2 Maratha LI ( Kali Panchvin ) in the Shakargarh area . He has held many important appointments such as Instructor at the Infantry School , Mhow , Brigade Major in Ladakh and Instructor at the Defence Services Staff College , Wellington . In March 1976 , he raised 18 Maratha LI . He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and took over the command of 86 Infantry Brigade in Punjab . In 1984 - 85 , he became DIG Mizoram Range ( Assam Rifles ) . He was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and promoted to the rank of Major General . In August 1985 , he assumed the command of the Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , Kerala and Goa area . Later , he was posted as General Officer Commanding , 19 Infantry Division in Jammu and Kashmir from 1986 - 87 . Further elevated to the rank of Lieutenant General in 1988 , he took over as Director General Infantry . General Zaki was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal in 1991 . He took over as Commandant of the Indian Military Academy , Dehradun in June 1991 . After that , he was appointed an Advisor to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir . He retired from the Indian Army in 1993 . He had a second stint as Advisor to the Governor , Jammu and Kashmir from 1993 to 1995 . General Zaki was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1995 for his extremely valuable services to the Indian Union .
Anton Schmid ( Oberst ) Anton Schmid was an Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Schmid was awarded the Deutsches Kreuz in Gold on the 18th of October , 1941 as commander of I / Pz . Rgt . 10 . He was also awarded the Knight ' s Cross in February 1945 , while being commander of the 286 . Infanterie Division . From 25 April 1945 he was Commander of the 281 Infanterie Division . Already on the 29th of April Oberst Schmid decided it was time to leave and he left his command , got rid of his uniform and decorations , dressed himself in civilian clothes and disappeared . This was later held against him by members of the Bundeswehr .