naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2B1 Oka The 2B1 Oka ( In Cyrillic 2Б1 Ока ) Is a mortar self - propelled artillery 420 mm developed and constructed Soviet Union the late fifties . 2B1 is the name GRAU Development and technical . The development was started in the OK 1957 exploiting the system engine and chassis parts tank T - 10 . Its hull ( Subject 273 ) was designed and built by the Kirov plant in Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . The main armament consisted of a mortar along 20 m Capable of firing a projectile of 750 kg distance of 45 km . Because of the complexity of loading , rate of fire was about one shot every five minutes . The tests conducted showed that the project has several disadvantages , including the recoil is too strong , that several components could not bear ( e . g . , harm pinions guidance system , or by removing the gearbox from its hooks ) . The development continued until 1960 when the idea of " supercannon " was abandoned in favor of tactical ballistic missile .
Bernard E . Gehrmann Bernard E . Gehrmann was a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly . Biography . Gehrmann was born in Mellen , Wisconsin on November 6 , 1920 . He would graduate from the University of Wisconsin – Superior and serve in the United States Marine Corps during World War II . His father was Bernard J . Gehrmann who served in the Wisconsin Legislature and the United States House of Representatives . In 1945 , Gehrmann married Mary Rose Jellish . They would have five children . Gehrmann was a sales manager in Ashland and was the president of the Ashland County fair . In 1968 , Gehrmann became secretary of the Wisconsin State Highway Department and the family moved to Dane County . Later , Gehrman served in the Wisconsin State Transportation and Veterans Affairs departments . He died on December 16 , 2006 in Madison , Wisconsin . Political career . Gehrmann was a member of the Assembly from 1965 to 1968 . Previously , he was a member of the City Council of Ashland , Wisconsin and the Board of Supervisors of Ashland County , Wisconsin . He was a Republican .
Egoz Reconnaissance Unit The Egoz Reconnaissance Unit ( , " Yehidat Egoz " ) is the elite Israeli ground forces commando unit , in the special forces of the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) . It specializes in guerrilla , anti - guerrilla warfare , and more complicated ground activity . Egoz is part of the Northern Command ' s Golani Brigade and today , it is a " Portable " unit , that operates anywhere . Before the year 2000 , Egoz operated mainly in Israel ' s Northern Command , combating threats from the Hezbollah . Following Israel ' s withdrawal from Southern Lebanon , its operations were moved to the West Bank and Gaza Strip . In 2003 and 2004 , Egoz prevented more terrorist acts than any other IDF unit . The unit still does some reconnaissance in southern Lebanon . The Egoz Unit was founded in 1956 as a special forces unit ( sayeret ) , but was disbanded and re - organized in 1964 due to a friendly fire incident . After the Six - Day War , it became a battalion . It was disbanded again following the Yom Kippur War due to manpower shortages in other units , and re - formed in 1995 as an anti - guerrilla unit ( company ) . Most of the initial fighters came from the Shimshon Unit . Its commander was from the Navy Commandos and as a result , much of the discipline , tactics and professionalism come from the Navy Commandos , and are the foundations upon which the unit was built on . The training of an Egoz unit begins with basic training , advanced exercises , and unit marches , after which each soldier is interviewed by Israeli intelligence to determine if he should be screened out from the second phase of training . The second phase consists of learning camouflage warfare , various kinds of assaults , land navigation , completing the squad leaders course , jeep driving course , counter - terrorism course , parachute course , reconnaissance course and the alpine course – if there is snow in the Hermon area - among other courses that are highly classified . When operating in Lebanon , the unit uses unmarked cartridges , as well as the Russian - made RPD and PK light machine guns . Soldiers using the M16 standard issue weapon have the Litton Akila night vision system mounted on it . 2006 Israel – Lebanon conflict . In the 2006 Israel – Lebanon conflict , five members of the Egoz Unit were killed and six wounded in Maroun al - Ras and 20 members of Hezbollah were killed .
USS Dace ( SSN - 607 ) USS " Dace " ( SSN - 607 ) , a " Permit " - class submarine , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the dace , any of several small North American fresh - water fishes of the carp family . The contract to build her was awarded to Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula , Mississippi on 3 March 1959 and her keel was laid down on 6 June 1960 . She was launched on 18 August 1962 , sponsored by Betty Ford , wife of future President of the United States Gerald R . Ford , Jr . , and commissioned on 4 April 1964 , with Commander John A . Walsh in command . " Dace " was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 2 December 1988 . Ex - " Dace " entered the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program in Bremerton , Washington and on 1 January 1997 ceased to exist .
902d Air Refueling Squadron The 902d Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 70th Bombardment Wing at Clinton - Sherman Air Force Base , Oklahoma , where it was inactivated on 31 December 1969 . History . The squadron was activated in 1958 at Clinton - Sherman AFB by Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) and became the refueling component of the 4123d Strategic Wing when the wing moved from Carswell AFB , Texas . The squadron operated Boeing KC - 135 Stratotanker s , providing air refueling support to the Boeing B - 52 Stratofortress strategic bombers of its parent wing and other USAF units as directed . The squadron transferred to the 70th Bombardment Wing in 1963 when SAC replaced its Major Command controlled MAJCON strategic wings with wings carrying the honors of World War II organizations . The 902d deployed to Western Pacific to support combat operations of deployed SAC units and tactical aircraft over Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War between 1966 and 1969 . The squadron inactivated with its parent 70th Bombardment Wing in 1969 when Clinton - Sherman AFB closed . Its equipment and personnel were reassigned to other units .
USS Garfield County ( LST - 784 ) USS " Garfield County " ( LST - 784 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named after counties in Colorado , Montana , Nebraska , Oklahoma , Utah , and Washington , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . " LST - 784 " was laid down on 18 June 1944 at Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania by the Dravo Corporation ; launched on 29 July 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Michael Ruzic ; and commissioned on 1 September 1944 Lieutenant Daniel H . Miner , USCG , in command . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 784 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima in February and March , 1945 and the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April through June , 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 784 " performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid - September 1945 . She was decommissioned in March 1946 and assigned to the Columbia River Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet . On 1 July 1955 , the ship was redesignated USS " Garfield County " ( LST - 784 ) . Her final fate is unknown . " LST - 784 " earned two battle star s for World War II service .
Penrith Castle Penrith Castle was built between 1399 and 1470 as a defense against Scottish raids . It is believed to have been first built by William Strickland who later become Bishop of Carlisle . The castle is situated within the town of Penrith , Cumbria , England opposite the railway station . The Castle was later developed by the Neville family and passed into the hands of the Crown and is thought to have been the sometime residence of King Richard III when he was Duke of Gloucester and Lord Warden of the Marches Toward Scotland . The castle and the town remained part of the Crown Estate until the reign of William III who gave it and most other Crown property in Cumberland to his friend Hans Willem Bentinck , 1st Earl of Portland . The castle eventually passed from the Earls and Dukes of Portland to the Dukes of Devonshire who sold it to the Lancaster & Carlisle Railway Company who built Penrith railway station . It later passed into the ownership of the Penrith Urban District Council , who in the 1920s converted the grounds into a public park and built housing nearby . The castle is maintained now by English Heritage .
Martin Grase Martin Grase ( 3 May 1891 – 3 August 1963 ) was a German general who commanded the 1 . Infanterie Division during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Herman Albrecht Herman Albrecht VC ( 1876 – 6 January 1900 ) was a South African recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Albrecht was about 24 years old , and a Trooper in the Imperial Light Horse ( Natal ) , South African Forces during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . On 6 January 1900 during the attack on Wagon Hill , near Ladysmith , South Africa , Lieutenant Robert James Thomas Digby - Jones of the Royal Engineers and Trooper Albrecht led the force which re - occupied the top of the hill at a critical moment , just as the three foremost attacking Boers reached it . The leader was shot by the lieutenant and the two others by Trooper Albrecht . He was jointed cited with Lt Digby - Jones : The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Museum of Military History in Johannesburg .
Gorgas machine gun The Gorgas machine gun ( or sometimes just a Gorgas gun ) was a manually cranked prototype machine gun , the creation of Confederate States general Josiah Gorgas . It had a single 1 . 25 inches caliber smooth - bore barrel . The barrel was fed from a revolver - like ring , but with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the bore , rather than the usual revolver configuration with parallel axes . The cylinder housed 18 copper - lined chambers that were muzzle loaded from the outer side of the ring . The interior side of the multiple - chamber ring was lined with the corresponding 18 percussion cap nipples . The ring was rotated by a hand lever . The gun had a cast iron receiver . The sole exemplar built was not used in combat , not being sufficiently perfected .
Curtiss XP - 46 The Curtiss XP - 46 was a 1940s United States prototype fighter aircraft . It was a development of the Curtiss - Wright Corporation in an effort to introduce the best features found in European fighter aircraft in 1939 into a fighter aircraft which could succeed the Curtiss P - 40 , then in production . Design and development . A United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) specification based upon a Curtiss proposal was the basis for an order placed in September 1939 for the XP - 46 . The requirements called for a single - engine , low - wing aircraft , slightly smaller than the P - 40 , and with a wide - track , inward - retracting landing gear . The selected powerplant was an 1 , 150 hp ( 858 kW ) Allison V - 1710 - 39 V - 12 engine . The planned armament included two . 50 in ( 12 . 7 mm ) synchronized machine guns in the forward fuselage and provisions for eight . 30 in ( 7 . 62 mm ) wing - mounted guns . The USAAC later added requirements for self - sealing fuel tank s and 65 lb ( 29 kg ) of armor , the weights of which were to adversely affect performance . Testing . Two prototype aircraft were delivered , designated XP - 46A , with first flight occurring on 15 February 1941 . However , the USAAC decided in July 1940 ( while the XP - 46s were under construction ) to replace the XP - 46 procurement effort with an upgraded P - 40 which would use the planned XP - 46 engine . In this manner , a serious disruption of the Curtiss production line would be avoided . Subsequently , the performance during trials of the XP - 46 was found inferior to the upgraded P - 40 ( designated P - 40D ) . A myth surrounding the origins of the P - 51 Mustang is linked to the North American Aviation ( NAA ) purchase of test data on the P - 40 and P - 46 . NAA paid $ 56 , 000 to Curtiss for technical aerodynamic data on the XP - 46 and although there are certain design similarities in the radiator / oil - cooler configuration , the new NA - 73X ( the company designation for the future P - 51 ) even in preliminary design had already progressed beyond the XP - 46 . In addition , after the war , NAA engineers revealed that they had learned of a European study ( before the US entry into World War II ) which indicated the value of a well - designed embedded radiator , and were eager to apply that knowledge to a new design .
Corocotta According to several historians of the 20th century , Corocotta was a Cantabri an warrior ( ) leader during the 1st century BC . His great achievement was the union of the disperse Cantabri clans in an alliance against the invading Roman armies , to the great exasperation of the powerful empire . He fought against Rome from the years 29 to 19 BC . The Roman historian Dio Cassius relates the story of this robber who caused numerous difficulties for the Roman Army . Such was his fame that during the campaign of Emperor Augustus in Cantabria from 26 - 25 BC , a price of 200 , 000 sestercii was put on his head . To the emperor ' s astonishment , none other than Corocotta himself walked into the Roman camp , presenting himself and demanding the reward . In a gesture to Corocotta ' s bravery , the Augustus let him go after granting him the money . Revision . In 2007 Alicia M . Canto , a Spanish archaeologist , carried out a review of the Greek text of Cassius Dio LVI , 43 , 3 , in which she emphasizes , first , that the anecdote ( the only ancient reference on Corocotta ) is not in Dio ' s statements on the Cantabrian wars ( books 53 and 54 ) but in 56 , after Augustus ’ s death , cited as an example of his clemency . She comes to the conclusion that this short text does not support the translation and Adolf Schulten ' s interpretation that has received widespread support in both Spain and internationally since 1943 . Probably Corocotta was neither a hero , nor Cantabri or Hispanic , nor did he have any relationship with the famous wars . She argues that there does not even exist a concrete basis for the anecdote , and therefore for his visiting a Roman camp . She concludes that Corocotta must have been rather a bandit , probably of North African origin who , with the nickname of " The Hyena " ( cp . Gr . " krokóttas " , cf . “ The Jackal ” ) , was operating successfully " in " Iberia . The amount of the reward for his apprehension is also erroneous in many translations : Dión ' s Greek text says " πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μυριάδας " , i . e . " two hundred fifty thousand " , more probably of sesterces . In short , possibly what we have is an " historiographic ghost " .
Istrebitel Sputnik Istrebitel Sputnik , or IS ( meaning " Satellite Fighter " , after the meaning " Fighter aircraft " for the Russian word " istrebitel " ) , was a Soviet anti - satellite weapon s programme which led to the deployment of the IS - A or I2P system during the 1970s and 1980s . IS satellites were originally intended to launch on UR - 200 rockets , but following the cancellation of the UR - 200 , the Polyot , Tsyklon - 2A and Tsyklon - 2 rockets were used instead . The first test flights of the IS spacecraft used the I1P configuration , and served to demonstrate the propulsion and control systems of the spacecraft . Both were launched by Polyot rockets , and were designated Polyot 1 and Polyot 2 . They were launched on 1 November 1963 and 12 April 1964 respectively . Following this , IS - A or I2P interceptors and IS - P or I2M targets were launched . Only four IS - P targets were launched before the type was replaced by the cheaper DS - P1 - M satellite , launched as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme . Later IS - A tests intercepted DS - P1 - M satellites , or the Lira satellites that succeeded them .
Operation Corona Operation ' Corona ' was a RAF initiative to confuse German night fighter s during RAF bomber raids on German cities during World War II . Native German speakers impersonated German Air Defence officers . They initiated communications via radio with German nightfighter pilots and countermanded previously given orders , thus reducing the efficiency of German air defence . The operation was first launched during the attack on the German industrial center of Kassel on the night of 22 October to 23 October 1943 in which 90 % of the city was burned , leaving 10 , 000 dead and 150 , 000 homeless . Operation ' Corona ' was made possible by the Jewish diaspora when many people , mostly Jews , fled Nazi - Germany to England . These people were very valuable to RAF Bomber Command , since between them they natively spoke any German accent and hence were capable of countermanding the orders given from the senior officers in the Air Defence headquarters , and so could redirect the nightfighters to other targets or give them orders to land immediately at an airbase . When confronted with Corona personnel countermanding genuine German orders the Luftwaffe responded by replacing male fighter controllers with female ones . The British counter - moved by then using Women ' s Auxiliary Air Force personnel .
Additional Forces Act Additional Forces Act of July 1803 created the Army of Reserve for the defense of England against the imminent threat of sea - borne invasion by Napoleon ' s French Revolutionary Army . A total of 15 , 780 men were added to the English armed forces by this compulsory measure , creating the " Army of Reserve " . The act was passed by William Pitt the Younger despite strong political opposition .
Eva Dobell Eva Dobell ( 1876 – 1963 ) was a British poet , nurse , and editor , best known for her poems on the effects of World War I and her regional poems . Biography . Eva was the daughter of bobby merchant and local historian Clarence Mason Dobell from Cheltenham , and the niece of the Victorian poet Sydney Dobell . She volunteered to join the Voluntary Aid Detachment ( VAD ) as a nurse in World War I . Her experiences in the VAD prompted her to write poetry about , inter alia , wounded and maimed soldiers which has been well - thought of by many versed in the ways of poetry . She also took part in the morale - boosting work of writing to prisoners of war . Her full name was Eveline Jessie Dobell and she was born the youngest of three children on 30 January 1876 at the Grove , Charlton Kings in Gloucestershire , England . She died on 3 September 1963 at the age of 87 years at which time her home address was Abbeyholme , Overton Rd , Cheltenham . She never married . Her mother was Emily Anne Duffield a native of Manchester , England . Poetry . While she was also known in her time as a regional poet ( one of her Gloucestershire poems was recently set to music ) , Dobell is best known today for her occasional poems from the war period , which all describe wounded soldiers , their experiences , and their bleak prospects . A few of these poems are widely dispersed on the internet , and these continue to receive some scholarly acknowledgment . " Night Duty , " for instance , is cited as one of many poems by female war - poets and nurses that provide access to an experience rarely shared by male poets such as Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon . Perhaps the most frequently reproduced is " Pluck , " especially on sites dedicated to the Great War . " Pluck " also found its way into printed anthologies such as " The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of the First World War " , and was even set to music . After the war , she continued to write ; in all , she published half a dozen books of poetry , a verse drama , and edited a book of poems by Lady Margaret Sackville .
Hans Georg Friedrich Groß Hans Georg Friedrich Groß , ( 4 May 1860 - 27 February 1924 ) , was a German balloonist and airship constructor . Balloons . In the 1890s , the " Verein zur Förderung der Luftschifffahrt " ( an association promoting airflight founded in 1881 ) conducted scientific balloon ascents to study the upper atmosphere on the initiative of Richard Assmann . Hans Groß was " Premiereleutnant " of the " Berliner Luftschifferabteilung " ( Berlin airship department ) , and as balloon pilot took part in 28 of these studies . Hydrogen balloon plans by Groß led to the construction of the " Humboldt " . This performed six ascents , two ending in non - fatal crashes ; during deflation after its final landing in 26 April 1893 , it exploded due to electrostatic charging and burnt . For his next balloon , the " Phönix " , Groß developed a variant of the " Reißbahn " invented by John Wise in 1844 . This allowed the pilot to rapidly deflate a gas balloon upon landing . The " Phönix " performed 23 manned ascents from 1893 to 1896 , a total 180 hours in the air and reached a maximum altitude of 9155 metres on 1894 - 12 - 04 with Arthur Berson . Airships . In 1895 and 1896 Groß supported David Schwarz in the development of his metal - clad airship . In 1906 Groß rose in rank to Major and became commander of the Royal Prussian Airship Battalion Number 2 . With Nikolaus Basenach in 1906 he started construction of the first German military airship , an experimental keeled semi - rigid airship . This became designated the Groß - Basenach - type and resulted in a " Versuchsluftschiff " ( first flight 5 July 1907 ) followed by the airships " M I " ( first flight 1908 - 06 - 30 ) to " M IV " . " M I " achieved a distance record of 300 kilometres over thirteen hours in 11 and 12 September 1908 . In 1910 he was honoured by having the street " Großstraße " in Berlin - Köpenick named after him . Groß retired from active service in 1918 with the rank of Major General .