naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Aichi E3A The Heinkel HD 56 was a reconnaissance seaplane developed in Germany in 1929 to operate from warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy , which designated it the Type 90 - 1 Reconnaissance Seaplane or E3A . It was a conventional single - bay biplane with staggered wings braced by N - type interplane struts . The pilot and gunner sat in tandem , open cockpits . Heinkel designed the aircraft at the request of Aichi , in order to submit it as their entry in an IJN competition to select such an aircraft . Heinkel built a single HD 56 prototype that was evaluated against the Nakajima Type 90 - 2 Reconnaissance Seaplane and the Kawanishi Type 90 - 3 Reconnaissance Seaplane . The Heinkel design announced the winner in 1931 , on the condition that Aichi would address some shortcomings , particularly a lack of range . Refined versions of the " losing " Nakajima and Kawanishi designs would eventually see production and - in the case of the Nakajima design - in far greater numbers . Modifications to the HD 56 by Aichi included overall reductions in length and span , the replacement of the prototype ' s Wright Whirlwind with a locally - built Hitachi Tempu , and numerous detail changes . Flight tests were carried out at Nagoya in August 1931 , and the type was accepted into service the following year . E3As were still in service aboard " Sendai " class cruiser s at the outbreak of the Second Sino - Japanese War .
Dietrich Schöneboom Dietrich Schöneboom ( 9 December 1917 – 23 October 1943 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Combined Arms Research Library The Combined Arms Research Library ( CARL ) at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas is a United States Army library which supports the United States Army Command and General Staff College . Its collection of over 300 , 000 books covers all aspects of military science : joint and combined operations ; tactics and doctrinal development ; leadership , intelligence , weapons , equipment , and training . The Archives and Special Collections house a unique collection of over 200 , 000 items and the documents collection consists of another 250 , 000 . Each year , the CARL reference staff answers some 30 , 000 queries for soldiers , faculty and staff at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas and throughout the world via the Defense Digital Library Reference Service . Scholars , writers and the DoD community use the Combined Arms Research Library ’ s archival materials , extensive research materials , and historical documents . The Combined Arms Research Library is one of the largest and most well respected libraries in the Army and was named the 2007 Federal Library of the Year by the Federal Library and Information Center Committee ( FLICC ) .
Japanese escort ship Amakusa Amakusa was an escort ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . As an Escort she her career escorting convoys . She was damaged by a magnetic mine at Chichi Jima 20 December 1944 . Sailed to Yokosuka and drydocked 13 January 1945 . Repairs finished 22 January . On 26 February 1945 damaged by US Navy aircraft from Task Force 58 east of Izu Shima , 26 crewmen killed . Repaired at Yokosuka with repairs finished on 16 March 1945 . On August 9 , 1945 , while lying in harbor at Onagawa Bay , Miyagi Prefecture , Japan , the ship came under attack by a Corsair piloted by Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray which resulted in its sinking . 71 crewmen killed . In 2007 , a memorial was dedicated to both the crew of the Amakusa and Lt . Gray overlooking the town of Onagawa in Sakiyama Scenic Park .
Arthur Frederick Pickard Colonel Arthur Frederick Pickard ( 12 April 1844 – 1 March 1880 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Pickard was 19 years old , and a lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery , British Army during the Invasion of Waikato ( one of the campaigns in the New Zealand Wars ) , when the following deed took place on 20 November 1863 at Rangiriri , New Zealand for which he and Assistant Surgeon William Temple were awarded the VC : He later achieved the rank of colonel . The Medal . His VC is on display at the Lord Ashcroft Gallery in the Imperial War Museum in London .
Feng Yi Feng Yi ( 馮異 ) was a Chinese general of the Eastern Han Dynasty . He was famous for his modest character ; he would sit under a tree while other generals received rewards for their conquests . For this reason , he was called " The Big Tree General " . Emperor Ming of Han honored those who had served his father Emperor Guangwu of Han well by painting their portraits on a palace tower ( 云台二十八将 , Yuntai 28 Generals ) . Feng ' s portrait was placed in the 7th position .
Pyros ( bomb ) The Pyros , previously referred to as the Small Tactical Munition ( STM ) , is a weapon developed by Raytheon , designed to be used by UAV s . Raytheon successfully conducted flight tests in October 2010 , and it may be used to arm the AAI RQ - 7 Shadow . It weighs , and originally had a warhead . On April 18 , 2011 , Raytheon successfully tested a new warhead . Though lighter , the new warhead had a significantly improved blast - fragment capability . In July 2012 , Raytheon claimed the STM could be " months " away from fielding . In early August 2012 , Raytheon renamed the munition Pyros and completed the first end - to - end test of the bomb . The test validated the weapon ' s guidance modes , height - of - burst sensor , electronic safe and arm device , and multi - effects warhead .
Canton of Raetia Raetia was the name of a canton of the Helvetic Republic from 1798 to 1803 , corresponding to modern Graubünden and composed of the Free State of the Three Leagues . Until 1799 , the canton was administered by the central government of the Helvetic Republic . The districts of Chiavenna , Valtellina and Bormio , previously dependencies of the Leagues , were never a part of the canton , having permanently been detached from the Leagues after Revolutionary France fomented revolt there , leading them to be annexed to the Cisalpine Republic on October 10 , 1797 . The districts subsequently joined the Austrian client kingdom of Lombardy - Venetia after the Congress of Vienna and eventually become the Italian province of Sondrio . The town of Campione was detached from the Landvogtei of Lugano at the same time , leading to its current position as an Italian enclave within Ticino . With the Napoleon ic Act of Mediation in 1803 , the canton was reestablished as Graubünden , finally incorporating the Three Leagues into a decentralised , federal Switzerland .
Army officer ranks Armies have military rank systems that are often used by other military services such as air force s or marines . NATO rank codes . To aid in the comparison of ranks in the armed forces of different countries , NATO rank codes are used . These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure , although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation . Officer ranks go from OF - 1 ( applying to all subaltern officers below captain ) up to OF - 10 ; OF ( D ) being a special category for trainee officers awaiting a commission . Other Ranks ( those considered enlisted men in the United States forces ) are classified from OR - 1 to OR - 9 . Warrant Officer s in the United States forces are a special case as they are single track career specialists between the enlisted and officer ranks in terms of seniority , and have no NATO rank code . The system should not be confused with the pay grades used in the US military . While countries outside the NATO command structure do not strictly fall into this classification structure and there may be incidences of overlap ( particularly in OR ranks between countries ) , the codes still provide a useful gauge in determining what ranks are broadly equivalent . General officers . These are the highest ranks . Promotion to OF - 10 rank is now rare and usually reserved for wartime . Note that there is doubt about rank equivalency in countries that have no brigadier - generals but both colonel - generals and full generals , such as the German Empire and Russia - often it is considered that in these countries a colonel - general equates to an OF - 9 rank , a general to OF - 8 , a lieutenant - general to OF - 7 , and a major - general to OF - 6 ( i . e . the ranks below colonel - general all move down one grade ) . Field and company officers . ¹ Belgium has three official languages , French , Dutch and German . < br > ² Canada has two official languages , English and French . < br > ³ Finland has two official languages , Finnish and Swedish . < br > Jordan recognizes the English titles listed above as official . < br >
SS Aenos ( 1910 ) SS " Aenos , formerly SS " Cedar Branch , was a British - built cargo steamship . She was completed in England in 1910 and sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic in 1940 . As " Cedar Branch " . Bartram & Sons Ltd of South Dock , Sunderland built the ship , completing her as " Cedar Branch " in 1910 . She was a three - masted schooner that also had a triple - expansion steam engine . By 1932 Lloyd ' s Register no longer listed her as a schooner , suggesting that by that time her rigging and sails had been removed , her masts had been reduced in height " ( see photo ) " and she ran solely under steam power . As " Aenos " . In her 30 - year career the ship passed through various owners and more than one manager . In 1930 she belonged to Nautilus Steam Shipping Co and was registered in Sunderland , but then she was sold to A . Lusi , who changed her name from " Cedar Branch " to " Aenos " and registered her in the port of Argostoli in Cephalonia . In about 1936 – 37 her owner changed to " Zephyros " Steam Ship Company Ltd , but she continued to be registered in Argostoli . In October 1940 " Aenos " loaded a cargo of 6 , 276 tons of wheat at Sorel in Canada to take to Manchester , England . Her Master was Dionisios Laskaratos . She sailed from Sorel to Sydney , Nova Scotia where she joined Convoy SC - 7 which was to take her as far as Liverpool . SC - 7 left Sydney on 5 October 1940 , initially with only one escort ship , the . A wolf pack of U - boat s found the convoy on 16 October and quickly overwhelmed it , sinking many ships over the next few days . " Aenos " was straggling behind the main convoy and first to be sunk . On the morning of 17 October she was about north - northeast of Rockall when the sighted her , fired one G7e torpedo at her at 0957 hrs but it missed . The submarine then surfaced and fired on " Aenos " with her 105 mm deck gun until the ship sank at 1052 hours . Out of a complement of 29 , four crew members were killed . Another straggler , the Canadian cargo ship , rescued 25 survivors including Captain Laskaratos , and landed them at Gourock in Scotland the next day .
Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory The Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory ( NSMRL ) is located on the New London Submarine Base in Groton , Connecticut . The laboratory ' s mission is to protect the health and enhance the performance of United States War Fighters through focused submarine , diving , and surface research solutions . History and overview . The United States Submarine Service has a long and proud tradition of developing and operating with leading edge technologies . The Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory is a major contributor to integrating these technologies into submarine crew operations . Established in World War II to conduct mission critical studies in night vision , sonar sound discrimination , and personnel selection , NSMRL continues to serve the fleet by taking the lead in undersea human factors , Sensory analysis , and operational medicine . NSMRL is at the forefront of operational undersea research and development , as it has been for over 50 years . Its achievements include : NSMRL is located in Groton , Connecticut , near the juncture of the Thames River and Long Island Sound . Arrangements for system validation are conveniently made through Submarine School New London ; sea trials with research products are coordinated through the Submarine Base New London and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport , RI . Facilities . The NSMRL auditory laboratory includes a large , 1000 m3 Anechoic Chamber . The suspended cable floor and fiberglass wedges provide an " echo - free " environment that is essential for efforts on spatialized auditory displays and transducer evaluation . Additionally , there are ten fully instrumented soundproof booths and a reverberant room . These facilities are integral to the work on human - machine interfaces , combat systems displays , hearing conservation , audio signal enhancement , noise reduction techniques , and diver hearing . The laboratory has a 142 m3 enclosed atmosphere testing environment and facilities for cardiopulmonary and metabolic workload assessment . Close collaboration on several projects has been maintained with the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom and its facilities at Alverstoke , England . NSMRL ' s diving research program is supported by a saturation diving chamber certified to pressures simulating 350 fsw and a fully instrumented hyperbaric treatment chamber . Both chambers are capable of supporting multi - diver teams and associated medical , physiological , and exercise equipment . The laboratory also maintains an enclosed 25 - foot Boston Whaler equipped with GPS and radar , to support open water diving research . Library . Many of the NSMRL publications have been scanned and are available online at the Rubicon Research Repository . Other articles can be found in the DUMC Archive finding aid s of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society library collection .
Richard Southey ( British Army officer ) Colonel Richard George Southey CB CMG ( 1844 – 1909 ) was a South African colonial military commander . His father , Sir Richard Southey , was a high - ranking Cape civil servant . Southey was commissioned into the British Army ' s 10th Foot ( later the Lincolnshire Regiment ) . He purchased a Lieutenant cy in 1867 and was promoted Captain in 1877 . He served in the Far East before returning to South Africa . After serving in the 9th Frontier War ( 1877 – 1878 ) , he transferred to the new Defence Department , and commanded the Cape Mounted Yeomanry . He served in the Basuto Gun War in Basutoland ( 1880 – 1881 ) . He retired from the British Army with the honorary rank of Major in 1883 . From 1882 to 1892 , Lieutenant - Colonel Southey was the staff officer responsible for the volunteer units in Cape Town , and from 1884 to 1890 he also commanded the city ' s senior regiment , the Duke of Edinburgh ' s Own Volunteer Rifles . From 1892 to 1902 , he was Commandant of Volunteers , in charge of the volunteer forces throughout the colony . He introduced many reforms to raise standards of efficiency and training , and was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in November 1900 for his services during the Second Boer War . Southey was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) in August 1901 , on the occasion of the visit to the Cape of Good Hope of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York ( later King George V and Queen Mary ) . Colonel Southey ' s final appointment was as Colonial Military Secretary ( 1903 – 1904 ) .
Andreapol ( air base ) Andreapol is an air base in Tver Oblast , Russia located 3 km east of Andreapol . It was built as an interceptor aircraft base . It was home to the 28th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment ( 28 Gv IAP ) , which flew MiG - 23 P aircraft in the early 1990s and soon acquired MiG - 29 aircraft . In 1994 to Andreapol were transferred part of the personnel and aircraft 773rd Guards Fighter Regiment , who joined the 28th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment . In 2003 , during runway repairs at Kubinka the aerobatic teams Russian Knights and Swifts were relocated to Andreapol . A MiG - 29 crashed on May 12 , 2005 near the air base . The 28th Regiment disbanded probably in 2009 .
Experimental Model 2 submachine gun The was a submachine gun of Japanese origin chambered in the 8mm Nambu round and was issued to Japanese Naval units . The machine gun was produced in relatively small numbers for the IJA during the invasion of Shanghai . During its trial periods it was found that the 8mm round which it used had a tendency to jam the weapon further restricting its use by both the Imperial Marines and army . After adopting several changes to the body a much smaller and lighter variant was introduced , christened the " bull pup " by American G . I . ' s who encountered it in combat as it was so rare . It had a 50 round cartridge magazine extending from the pistol grip , a unique feature which would not resurface in sub machine gun design for nearly fifteen years predating the Sa vz . 23 and IMI Uzi . The other sub - machine gun used by the Japanese military , the Type 100 , was much more numerous . It was also used by the Imperial Army as well as the Navy . The Type 100 was the only finalized sub - machine gun used by the Japanese although it was more cumbersome than the Model 2 .
USS Porcupine ( 1813 ) USS " Porcupine " was a gunboat schooner built by Adam and Noah Brown at Presque Isle , Pennsylvania and commissioned in the United States Navy during the War of 1812 as part of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry ’ s Lake Erie Fleet . Under the command of Acting Master George Senat , she took part in the Battle of Lake Erie on 10 September 1813 . She was subsequently utilized as a hospital ship for captured wounded seamen . While lying at anchor with and at the head of the Niagara River 12 August 1814 , she was attacked by six or eight boats manned by English seamen and Canadian militia . " Ohio " and " Somers " were captured , but " Porcupine " escaped . " Porcupine " remained on Lake Erie providing transportation and protection for William Henry Harrison ’ s men as they won the battle to recover Detroit and the Battle of the Thames in Canada . The " Porcupine " , still under command of George Senat , transported provisions for Harrison ’ s army to the mouth of the Thames , and then traveled up the Thames providing artillery and logistics support . " Porcupine " was then laid up at Erie Pennsylvania until 1819 , when she was refitted and turned over to the Collector of Revenue at Detroit on 2 June . She returned to the Navy 2 August 1821 , remaining inactive until sold 8 August 1825 . Afterward she was used as a cargo vessel on the Great Lakes until 1873 when , being determined unseaworthy , she was beached on the sands of Spring Lake , near Grand Haven , Michigan .
15th Light Horse Regiment ( Australia ) The 15th Light Horse Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment of the Australian Army during the First World War . The regiment was raised in Palestine in 1918 , from soldiers that had been serving with the imperial Camel Corps Brigade , and assigned to the 5th Light Horse Brigade . During the war the regiment fought against the forces of the Ottoman Empire , in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and was awarded fourteen battle honours . Formation . The 15th Light Horse Regiment was raised in Palestine in June 1918 , from Australian soldiers serving in the disbanded Imperial Camel Corps Brigade , and comprised twenty - five officers and 497 other ranks serving in three squadrons , each of six troop s . Each troop was divided into eight Section s , of four men each . In action one man of each section , was nominated as a horse holder reducing the regiment ' s rifle strength by a quarter . The Camel Corps were all trained infantrymen , and some of them had previously served with the Australian Light Horse regiments , but all required a period of training in horsemanship . Once formed the regiment was assigned to the 5th Light Horse Brigade , alongside a French regiment and the 14th Light Horse Regiment . All Australian Light Horse regiments used cavalry unit designations , but were mounted infantry armed with rifles , not swords or lances , and mounted exclusively on the Australian Waler horse . Operational History . Sinai and Palestine Campaign . By the time the regiment was ready for service , the war in the Middle East was almost over . The regiment fought in only one major battle at Megiddo in September 1918 . Over ten days the 5th Light Horse Brigade advanced destroying , road and rail links , and pursuing the retreating Ottoman Army into Syria , and entered Damascus on 1 October 1918 . When the war ended the regiment , was recalled to Egypt to assist in policing a riot that had broken out . The war had cost the regiment sixteen killed and only three wounded , but for their service they were awarded fourteen battle honour s , most of them inherited from the disbanded Imperial Camel Corps . Battle honours . Egypt 1915 – 1917 Romani Magdhaba - Rafah Gaza - Beersheba El Mughar Jerusalem Jaffa Jericho Jordan ( Es Salt ) Jordan ( Amman ) Megiddo Nablus Palestine 1917 – 1918
7th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 Months ) The 7th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 months ) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army between April 25 , 1861 – July 25 , 1861 , during the American Civil War . Service . The infantry regiment was organized at Camp Yates , Illinois and mustered in by Captain John Pope , United States Army , on April 25 , 1861 for a three - month service . From Camp Yates , they went on duty at Alton , Cairo , Mound City , Illinois and then at St . Louis , Missouri until July , 1861 . Companies " E " and " G " formed part of an expedition from Cairo to Little River on June 22 and 23 . By the time the regiment was mustered out on July 25 , 1861 , they had lost five to disease .
USS Dale ( DD - 4 ) The second USS " Dale " ( DD - 4 ) was a " Bainbridge " class destroyer in the United States Navy . " Dale " was launched on 24 July 1900 by William R . Trigg Company , Richmond , Virginia ; sponsored by Miss M . H . Wilson ; placed in reserve commission on 24 October 1902 , Lieutenant Harry E . Yarnell in command ; outfitted at Norfolk , Virginia ; and commissioned in full on 13 February 1903 , Lieutenant Hutch Cone in command . Pre - World War I . Assigned to the North Atlantic Fleet , " Dale " cruised with the First Torpedo Flotilla on the Atlantic coast , taking part in a fleet search problem conducted off Maine , and passing before President Theodore Roosevelt in review off Oyster Bay , New York , on 17 August 1903 . The First Torpedo Flotilla - convoyed by - cleared Norfolk on 12 December 1903 and sailed to the Asiatic Station by way of the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal . Arriving at Cavite , Philippine Islands , on 14 April 1904 , " Dale " cruised in the islands and on the coast of China until placed out of commission in reserve at Cavite on 5 December 1905 . Recommissioned on 10 July 1907 , she remained on duty with the Asiatic Fleet , cruising to Japan and China , engaging in torpedo and battle practice and maneuvers with the flotilla , guarding and inspecting the target range at Cavite , and transporting mail and passengers . World War I . After the United States entered World War I , " Dale " patrolled the entrance to Manila Bay from 30 June - 1 August 1917 , then sailed to join US Patrol Squadrons based on Gibraltar , arriving there on 20 October . She patrolled and escorted convoys in the eastern Mediterranean until the end of the war . Clearing Gibraltar on 8 December 1918 , " Dale " arrived at Charleston , South Carolina on 12 January 1919 , was decommissioned at Philadelphia on 9 July 1919 , and sold on 3 January 1920 .