naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Absalon - class support ship The " Absalon " class are support ships of the Royal Danish Navy , commissioned in 2005 . Design . The class is based on a frigate - like design , but built with an internal multipurpose deck ( flex deck ) and a stern vehicle ramp . The ships can serve as command platforms for a staff of 75 persons ( naval or joint staff ) with a containerized command and control centre , transport and base of operations for a company - sized landing force of some 200 men with vehicles . Alternatively , the flex deck can be used for mine - laying operations with a capacity of some 300 mines , or be fitted out for mine - clearing operations and launch and recover mine detecting and clearing equipment via a retractable gantry crane , adjacent to the stern ramp , which also is used for launching and recovering the fast landing craft . Furthermore the flex deck can support a containerized hospital or simply transport a number of ISO standard containers or some 55 vehicles including , up to 7 MBT s . The ships can carry two LCPs ( Storebro SB90E ) , two rigid hull inflatable boats and two EH101 helicopters . The standard weapons of the " Absalon " class can be supplemented through the use of StanFlex mission modules . A special weapons deck ( nicknamed the ' Bathtub ' ) is designed with five StanFlex module slots . Because of the Bathtub ' s position , only missile - firing weapons modules can be installed . History . The ships were named after two brothers , Esbern Snare and archbishop Absalon who led the naval campaigns in the 12th century against the Wends , a group of pagan Slavs in northern Germany . Production started at Odense Steel Shipyard on 30 April 2003 , with the lead ship " Absalon " laid down on 28 November that year . " Esbern Snare " followed on 24 March 2004 ; they were both launched later that year . They were delivered on 19 October 2004 and 17 April 2005 respectively , and commissioned on 10 January 2005 and 17 June 2005 . At this point they had the StanFlex modules installed , but would have to wait until 2007 for full operational capability , with the installation of the 35mm CIWS , Mk32 torpedo launchers and Seagnat / SBROC decoy systems .
Cathar castles Cathar castles ( in French " Châteaux cathares " ) is a modern term used by the tourism industry ( following the example of " Pays Cathare " – Cathar Country ) to designate a series of fortresses built by the French king on the southern border of his lands at the end of the Albigensian Crusade . Some of these sites , before the royal period , were fortified villages capable of sheltering Cathars and which were destroyed during the building of citadels . The true " Cathar castles " . In Languedoc , the only real " Cathar castles " were fortified homesteads ( " castrum " ) , such as Laurac , Fanjeaux , Mas - Saintes - Puelles . Certain sites like Lastours - Cabaret , Montségur , Termes or Puilaurens were " castra " before being razed to the ground and becoming royal citadels . The legend of Cathar architects and builders is no more than a myth . The only monuments which witnessed the events of the first half of the 13th century , and therefore the only ones which can claim the description " Cathar " , given that the Cathar Church never built anything , are the small castles , often totally unknown to the public , whose meagre ruins are away from the tourist routes . The royal citadels . Following the failure of the attempt to recapture Carcassonne by Raimond II , Viscount Trencaval in 1240 , the Cité de Carcassonne was considerably reinforced by the French king , new master of the territory . He destroyed small " castra " in the Corbières region and built citadels to protect the frontier with the kingdom of Aragon . These five castles are often called the " cinq fils de Carcassonne " ( five sons of Carcassonne ) : These five fortresses resisted various assaults led by the Aragonese army . The abandonment of the citadels . In 1659 , Louis XIV and the Philip IV of Spain signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees , sealed with the marriage of the Infanta Marie Therese to the French King . The treaty modified the frontiers , giving Roussillon to France and moving the frontier south to the crest of the Pyrenees , the present Franco - Spanish border . The fortresses thus lost their importance . Some maintained a garrison for a while , a few until the French Revolution , but they slowly fell into decay , often becoming sherpherds ' shelters or bandits hideouts . See also . List of castles in France
Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising ( In Polish " Powstanie warszawskie " ) Was an armed struggle during the WWII in which the Armia Krajowa ( Polish clandestine army ) tried to free Warsaw control of Nazi Germany . Started in August 1 of 1944 At 17 hours as part of a national revolt , the " Operation Storm " , And should only last a few days until the Soviet Army came to town . However , the Soviet advance was halted , but the Polish resistance continued for 63 days , until his surrender to German forces in October 2 . The offensive began when the Soviet Army approached Warsaw . The main objectives of the Poles were to keep the Germans occupied and help the war effort against Germany and Axis Powers . Among the political objectives were the release side of the city before the arrival of the Soviets , thus earning their right to sovereignty and undoing the division of Central Europe into spheres of influence under the powers allies . Insurgents waiting to reinstall the authorities of his country before the Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego ( Committee of National Liberation Soviet Polish ) take control . Poles initially isolated substantial areas of the city , but the Soviets did not approach its surrounding mid - September . Inside , a fierce struggle between Germans and Poles continued . In September 16 , Soviet forces captured territory a few meters from the shores of the Polish positions Vistula , and did not advance further during the remaining duration of the Uprising . It led to accusations that the Soviet leader Josef Stalin expected by the failure of the insurrection that he might well occupy Poland so undeniable . Although the exact number of casualties remains unknown , it is estimated that approximately 16 , 000 members of Polish resistance were killed and 6 , 000 wounded . Between 150 , 000 and 200 , 000 civilians died , most victims of massacres conducted by Axis troops . German losses amounted to approximately 16 , 000 soldiers killed and 9 , 000 wounded . During urban combat , nearly 25 % of buildings of Warsaw was destroyed . After the surrender of Polish forces , German troops systematically destroyed , block the quarter , 35 % of the city . Along with the damage caused by Invasion of Poland in 1939 and the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943 . Over 85 % of the city were destroyed in 1945 , when the Soviets finally surpassed its borders .
George Chesworth Air Vice Marshal George Arthur Chesworth , CB , OBE , DFC , JP ( born 4 June 1930 ) is a retired senior Royal Air Force officer and a previous Lord Lieutenant of Moray . Early life . Chesworth was born on 4 June 1930 . He began his association with the Royal Air Force when he joined the Air Training Corps . Career . He began his military service on 28 July 1948 , when he went to the recruitment office to sign on for National Service . He was one of the few National Service pilots . He was commissioned into the RAF in May 1950 . Once Chesworth had completed his flying training , and converted to Sunderland Flying Boats , he joined No . 205 Squadron in the Far East Air Force . He flew many operational sorties against the Chinese in the Korean War for which he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross . After the Korean War ended , Chesworth became a Flying Instructor on Percival Provost at RAF Hullavington . This was followed by a ground tour . He then went to RAF Kinloss as a Shackleton Instructor and finally back to squadron life as a Flight Commander with No . 201 Squadron RAF . On 15 April 1980 , Air Commodore Chesworth was appointed Chief of Staff ( Air ) , Headquarters No . 18 Group RAF , with the acting rank of Air Vice Marshal . Air Vice Marshal Chesworth retired from the RAF in 1984 . Later life . In 1985 , Chesworth became Chief Executive of the Glasgow Garden Festival . He was Lord Lieutenant of Moray , Scotland between 21 April 1994 and 20 August 2005 , when he was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Grenville Johnston . On 25 February 2009 , Chesworth presented 80 personnel of his previous squadron , No . 201 Squadron RAF , with the Operational Service Medal Afghanistan and the Iraq Medal . He is currently the Vice President of Houses for Heroes . Awards and decorations . On 23 February 1954 , the then Flight Lieutenant Chesworth was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross " in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in Korea . " In the 1972 New Year Honours , the then Wing Commander Chesworth was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) . On 11 October 1982 , he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) " in recognition of service within the operations in the South Atlantic . " He was appointed to the honorary role of Air Commodore of No . 2622 ( Highland ) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force Regiment based at RAF Lossiemouth in 2001 . He held that position for eight years to 2009 . On 3 August 1992 , he was appointed as Honorary Colonel of the 76 Engineer Regiment ( Volunteers ) .
David Dickson ( politician ) David Dickson ( March 22 , 1794 – July 31 , 1836 ) was a U . S . Representative from Mississippi . Biography . Born in Georgia , United States , Dickson moved to Mississippi . He studied medicine and practiced extensively in Pike County . He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1817 . Brigadier general of militia in 1818 . He served as member of the Mississippi Senate , 1820 and 1821 . the third Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi , 1821 . Postmaster of Jackson , Mississippi , 1822 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Mississippi , 1823 . He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1832 and was an unsuccessful candidate for president of the convention . Secretary of the State senate in 1833 . Secretary of state , 1835 . Dickson was elected as an Anti - Jacksonian to the Twenty - fourth Congress ( March 4 , 1835 – July 31 , 1836 ) . He died on July 31 , 1836 , in Hot Springs , Arkansas .
SMS Novara ( 1913 ) SMS " Novara " was a " Novara class " light cruiser of the Austro - Hungarian Navy which served during World War I . Construction . In 1912 , the cruiser " Novara " was constructed for the Austro - Hungarian Navy , of the improved " Spaun " class design . As a smaller cruiser , the four - funnel " Novara " had a displacement of 3 , 500 tons , a length of 424 feet , beam 42 feet , and a complement of 318 crew . It carried armament of nine 3 . 9 inch and one 47mm landing gun , plus four 17 . 7 inch torpedoes . Its power / speed was 25000 hp / 27 knots , and it had an armour belt of 2 . 5 inches and deck armour of 0 . 75 inches . Service history . " Novara " was the flagship of Admiral Miklós Horthy , later regent of Hungary . The vessel took part in the Battle of the Strait of Otranto on 14 / 15 May 1917 , during which 14 Allied trawlers were sunk . " Novara " was slightly damaged when an Allied shell fractured one of its steam pipes , leading to a loss of power . She limped home . " Novara " was given to France following the end of World War I . The ship was renamed " Thionville " and incorporated into the French fleet . The ship was scrapped in 1942 .
Edwin Leonard Edwin Leonard ( November 17 , 1823 – April 5 , 1900 ) was a Sergeant in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . He is buried in the Elm Street Cemetery in West Springfield , Massachusetts . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , Company I , 37th Massachusetts Infantry . Place and date : Near Petersburg , Va . , June 18 , 1864 . Entered service at : Agawam , Mass . Birth : Agawam , Mass . Date of issue : August 16 , 1894 . Citation : Voluntarily exposed himself to the fire of a Union brigade to stop their firing on the Union skirmish line .
Mascarenhas de Morais Joao Batista Mascarenhas de Morais ( São Gabriel , November 13 of 1883 - Rio de Janeiro , September 17 of 1968 ) Was a Brazilian military officer . It was one of the commanders of the participation of Brazil in World War II , Having fought in Italy in 1944 . Military career . At age 14 , was living alone in Porto Alegre , working and studying , he managed to enter the Preparatory School and Tactics of Rio Pardo , Rio Grande do Sul Leaving there after graduation , he was joining the Military School in Brazil , known as Red Beach School , in Rio de Janeiro . During the Revolution of 1930 , Mascarenhas retained his loyalty to the president Washington Luiz and was arrested by the rebels - led by Getúlio Vargas , Which in future would become president after the ouster of Washington Luiz . Upon release , Mascarenhas continued his career in the army . He was placed under arrest for the second time , when he proclaimed his support for a military and civilian revolt against Vargas in São Paulo ( 1932 ) . Again , after the defeat of the uprising , Mascarenhas was released and not prosecuted . In 1935 whilst commanding the Military School Realengo Mascarenhas de Morais took part in the fight against a communist uprising in Rio de Janeiro . This time his loyalty was with the constitutional government of Getulio Vargas . In 1937 became General and the following year he was appointed commander of the 7th and 9th Military Regions in Recife and São Paulo respectively . In 1943 he was appointed commander of 1st Expeditionary Infantry Division of Brazilian Expeditionary Force . The general arrived in Italy with the first Brazilian troops in June 1944 and commanded the Brazilian forces until the surrender of Axis forces in Italy on May 2 , 1945 . After the war he returned to Brazil and in 1946 was promoted to Marshal , by act of Congress , and given command of the 1st Military Region in the then capital of Brazil , Rio de Janeiro . In 1953 was appointed head of General Staff of Armed Forces ( EMFA ) , at which accompanied the political crisis that would lead to suicide of Getúlio Vargas in the following year . After the suicide of the president in August 1954 , he returned to the reservation and published his memoirs , as commander of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force In 1955 , Supported the military coup led by General Teixeira Lott , Who secured the possession of Juscelino Kubitschek as president of Republic . In São Gabriel , a city of his birth , is on the square Fernando Abbott , A noble monument in his honor . In it are written the battles he commanded the marshal in World War II . Died in Rio de Janeiro on September 17 , 1968 .
Ikeda Motosuke He served Oda Nobunaga in his early years . In 1579 , since he was active in beating Araki Murashige with his brother , Terumasa , and Nobunaga praised them for their efforts . In 1582 , he served Hashiba Hideyoshi after Nobunaga died at the Incident at Honnō - ji . In 1584 , he led the force that invaded Mikawa Province during the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute . However , he was repelled by Tokugawa Ieyasu ' s force , and died in the battle .
Battle of Kaba The Battle of Kaba was fought at Kaba , Fiji , in 1855 . It was fought between Fijian Tui Viti ( King ) Cakobau and his enemies from Rewa and Bau . Cakobau was supported by a strong fleet from Tonga , sent by Tu ' i Tonga ( King ) Taufa ' ahau ( George I ) of Tonga and Ma ’ afu , governor of the Tongan population in Fiji . The battle was a major victory for Cakobau , thanks mainly to his Tongan allies , and cemented his leadership over Fiji . It also , however , underlined his dependency on the military power of Tonga , especially since Ma ' afu remained in Fiji .
SM UC - 105 SM " UC - 105 " was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 25 May 1918 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 28 October 1918 as SM " UC - 105 " . As with the rest of the completed UC III boats , " UC - 105 " conducted no war patrols and sank no ships . She was surrendered on 22 November 1918 and broken up in Swansea in 1922 .
John Wescott Myers John Wescott Myers ( born Los Angeles , California , June 13 , 1911 – died Beverly Hills , California , January 31 , 2008 ) was a World War II test pilot who helped develop the P - 61 fighter plane . The son of Louis Wescott Myers , a prominent California judge and lawyer , Myers was educated at The Thacher School , Stanford University and Harvard Law School . He returned to California to practice law , but was an avid pilot . When the US entered WWII , Myers took a job in the legal department with Lockheed , hoping to get piloting work . He was soon ferrying aircraft for them as a sideline , and did some test - piloting on the YP - 38 . He joined Northrop Aircraft in 1941 as chief engineering test pilot , flying many of Northrop ' s experimental planes . He was heavily involved with the P - 61 program ; he test - piloted the plane , and then taught American pilots on the Pacific Front to fly it . He was called " Maestro " for his flying skills . While in New Guinea , Myers gave a ride to fellow trainer Charles Lindbergh ; Lindbergh later wrote of how Myers avoided a potentially fatal accident by evading a plane that landed too closely behind their own plane . After World War II , Myers successfully ran several aviation - related businesses . Myers married Lucia Raymond in 1942 ; they had two children , Louis W . Myers II and Lucia Myers . A small plant ( Myers ' Pincushion or " Navarretia myersii " ) first identified on Myers ' ranch was named in his honor due to his contributions to conservation .
Efficiency Medal ( South Africa ) The Efficiency Medal ( Union of South Africa ) was approved by a Royal Warrant dated 29 December 1939 , for award to men who had completed twelve years ' qualifying service in the volunteer Army and Air Force Citizen Force of the Union of South Africa It was extended to the South African Naval Forces from 1942 . Officers were awarded the Efficiency Decoration ( South Africa ) . Description . The medal in silver was oval in shape with a height of 39mm and a width of 32mm . The obverse bore the sovereign ' s effigy of George VI . The reverse bore the inscription : " VIR BEKWAME DIENS / FOR EFFICIENT SERVICE " . The fixed suspender bar was decorated with two palm leaves and bore the inscription " UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA – UNIE VAN SUID - AFRIKA " . The name of recipient was inscribed on the rim of the medal . The ribbon was 32mm plain dark green with 3mm yellow edges . Further awards . A clasp , denoted by a silver rose emblem , could be earned for each additional qualifying period of six years . If an Efficiency Medal holder was commissioned later in his career , half of all service counting towards the award of the Efficiency Medal could be reckoned for the Efficiency Decoration . This medal was replaced in 1952 by the John Chard Medal which was awarded to both officers and men alike .
3 - inch Gun M1918 The 3 - inch M1918 gun was a United States 3 - inch anti - aircraft gun that entered service in 1918 and served until it was finally superseded by the 3 " M3 gun in 1930 . The M3 was subsequently replaced by the M1 90mm AA gun just prior to the opening of World War II . The M3 3 " gun was later adapted for the anti - tank role , serving as the main armament of the M10 tank destroyer during World War II . The predecessor : 3 - inch M1917 . The 3 - inch M1917 was the US Army ' s first dedicated anti - aircraft gun , entering service during World War I . Only a few were built , as the similar 3 - inch M1918 on a mobile mount was considered more useful and was produced in large numbers . Development of the M1917 started in 1915 , and as the name implies , took two years to enter service . The gun was essentially an unmodified 3 - inch M1903 ( 76 . 2 mm L / 55 ) coastal - defense gun on a new mount allowing it to be aimed to high elevations . A number were used during the war . In the immediate post - war era it was developed as the 3 - inch M1 , using a removable barrel liner . In 1928 it was further improved in the 3 - inch M3 by using a thicker removable liner that eased manufacturing . History of the 3 - inch M1918 . For mobile use the original coastal gun was too heavy , so a smaller version was developed as the 3 - inch M1918 . For this role the barrel was cut down in length , to 50 calibers from 55 , and a new breech was introduced to fire smaller rounds ( 76 . 2x585R , 212 cubic inches instead of 76 . 2x690R , 293 cubic inches ) . Like the adaptation that created the M2 , the M1918 was also fitted with a removable liner in 1928 , becoming the 3 - inch M3 . Another upgrade was started in 1931 as the T8 , and then T9 , but these projects were cancelled in 1938 when the 90 mm gun was selected in their place . In September 1940 a project started to adapt the 3 - inch gun to the anti - tank role , starting with the T9 experimental model but equipping it with the breech , recoil system and carriage borrowed from the 105mm M2 howitzer . The gun was accepted for service as the 3 - inch M5 . A similar derivative of the T9 - the 3 - inch M6 - was intended to be mounted on the M5 self - propelled gun , which was eventually abandoned . A final adaptation was the 3 - inch M7 , which included minor modifications for mounting on the M10 Wolverine . M7 saw wide use although it was supplanted to some extent by more powerful weapons such as the 90mm M3 and the British QF 17 pounder . 6 , 824 M7 guns were manufactured . Surviving examples . The only known surviving example is located at the Fort Sill museum .
Sturer Emil The 12 . 8 cm Selbstfahrlafette auf VK3001 ( H ) " Sturer Emil " ( German for " Stubborn Emil " ) was an experimental World War II German self - propelled anti - tank gun . It was based on the Henschel VK3001 chassis and both armed with a Rheinmetall 12 . 8 cm K L / 61 gun ( based on the 12 . 8 cm FlaK 40 ) ( although a 105mm gun was planned too ) . This gun could traverse 7° to each side , elevate 10° and depress - 15° . It carried 15 rounds for the main gun . The chassis was left over from Henschel ' s submission for the canceled VK3001 heavy tank program , but the hull was stretched and an extra road wheel added to accommodate the large gun , which was mounted on a pedestal ahead of the engine . A large , open - topped , fighting compartment was built where the turret was intended to go in the original design . Two vehicles ( named Max and Moritz ) were built , both of which served on the Eastern Front . One vehicle was destroyed , the other captured at Stalingrad in January 1943 , with 22 kill marks painted on the barrel . This captured vehicle is now displayed in the collection on the Kubinka Tank Museum .