naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
90th Troop Carrier Squadron The 90th Fighter - Bomber Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 438th Troop Carrier Group , based at Offut Air Force Base , Nebraska . It was inactivated on 16 Nov 1957 History . Activated in June 1943 under I Troop Carrier Command and equipped with C - 47 Skytrain s . Trained in various parts of the eastern United States until the end of 1943 . Deployed to England and assigned to IX Troop Carrier Command , Ninth Air Force . Prepared for the invasion of Nazi - occupied Europe . On 5 June 1944 , the squadron took off for assigned drop zones in Occupied France , commencing at 23 : 48 hours . Despite radio black - out , overloaded aircraft , low cloud cover and lack of marked drop zones , they carried parachute infantry of the 101st Airborne Division ' s 502d Parachute Infantry Regiment , who were dropped soon after midnight in the area northwest of Carentan . Glider - borne reinforcement missions followed , carrying weapon s , ammunition , rations , and other supplies On 20 July departed for Canino airbase in Italy in preparation for the August invasion of Southern France , Operation Dragoon . In the invasion , dropped paratroops and towed gliders that carried reinforcements . During Operation Market Garden in September 1944 , the group released gliders carrying troops and equipment for the airborne attack in the occupied Netherlands . Re - supply missions were flown on 20 September and on the 21st to Overasselt and on the 21st to Son . During the Battle of the Bulge ( December 1944 – January 1945 ) , flew air supply missions to battle areas , including the first two flights into beleaguered Bastogne , re - suppllying the 101st Airborne Division After moving to France in February 1945 , flying combat operations from rough Resupply and Evacation airfields carrying supplies and ammunition to front line forces , evacuating wounded personnel to rear - zone hospitals . The unit released gliders in support of an American crossing of the Rhine River called Operation Varsity in March 1945 . After V - E Day , the unit evacuated prisoners of war and displaced persons to relocation centers . Returned to the United States in August 1945 , until demoblizing . Inactivated as an administrative unit in September 1945 . Reactivated in the reserve in 1949 , associated with Strategic Air Command at Offut AFB , Nebraska . Flew C - 46 Commando medium transports between various SAC bases with logistical support and personnel movement . Brought to active duty in 1951 due to Korean War , personnel and aircraft being assigned to MATS units as fillers . Inactivated as an administrative unit shortly afterwards .
SS Santa Teresa Built in 1918 , the SS " Santa Teresa was originally a passenger liner . In World War I she was requisitioned by the U . S . Navy and served under the title USS " Santa Teresa " ( ID 3804 ) . She served as a commercial vessel between the wars , first under her original name , and later as the SS " Kent . During World War II she served first with the U . S . Army as the USAT " Ernest Hinds " , and later with the Navy as USS " Kent " ( AP - 28 ) . She spent the final part of the war as an Army hospital ship , once more under the name USAT ( or USAHS ) " Ernest Hinds " . Operational history . " Santa Teresa " , an 8890 - ton transport , was built in 1918 at Philadelphia , as a civilian passenger liner . Taken over by the Navy for World War I use , she was commissioned in mid - November 1918 as USS " Santa Teresa " ( ID 3804 ) , a week after the Armistice ended the fighting . Between December 1918 and September 1919 " Santa Teresa " made seven round - trip voyages between the United States and France , primarily bringing home war veterans . The ship was decommissioned in October 1919 and turned over to the U . S . Shipping Board for return to her owners . During the next two decades she operated commercially as SS " Santa Teresa " and , after 1936 , as SS " Kent " . World War II . In April 1941 the U . S . Army purchased the " Kent " . Renamed " Ernest Hinds " , she was converted to a troopship at Boston , and took part in maneuvers off Cape Cod before being transferred to the Navy in July 1941 . After serving as USS " Kent " ( AP - 28 ) for eight months , she was returned to the Army in March 1942 and again became USAT " Ernest Hinds " . During May 1942 - September 1943 " Ernest Hinds " operated as a transport , making a trip to Alaska in mid - 1942 and thereafter carrying personnel and cargo between the U . S . , Hawaii , and the South Pacific and within the latter region . The ship was converted to a hospital ship at San Francisco , California , between September 1943 and June 1944 . She then steamed through the Panama Canal to begin service between the U . S . East Coast and the Mediterranean Sea . " Ernest Hinds " ' s hospital ship service ended in September 1945 and she was again altered to a transport . She carried Jamaica n laborers between Florida and Jamaica on behalf of the War Shipping Administration until turned over to the U . S . Public Health Service in April 1946 for use as a floating isolation ward at Jacksonville , Florida . She was transferred to the Maritime Administration in April 1947 and laid up at Brunswick , Georgia . Moved to the James River , Virginia , Reserve Fleet in April 1948 , the nearly forty - year - old ship was sold for scrapping in May 1957 .
Bishop ( artillery ) The Bishop was a British self - propelled artillery vehicle based on the Valentine tank . A result of a rushed attempt to create a self - propelled gun armed with the 25 Pounder gun - howitzer , the vehicle had numerous problems , was produced in limited numbers and was soon replaced by better designs . Design and development . The rapid manoeuvre warfare practiced in the North African Campaign led to a requirement for a self - propelled artillery vehicle armed with the 25 - pounder gun - howitzer . In June 1941 the development was entrusted to the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company . A prototype was ready for trials by August and ordered by November 1941 . The result was a vehicle with the title : Ordnance QF 25 - pdr on Carrier Valentine 25 - pdr Mk 1 and universally known as Bishop . The Bishop was based on the Valentine II hull , with the turret replaced by a fixed boxy superstructure with large rear doors . Into this superstructure the 25 - pounder gun - howitzer was fitted . As a consequence of the gun mounting the resulting vehicle had very high silhouette , which a disadvantage in desert warfare . The maximum elevation for the gun was limited to lowering the range considerably to about ( about half that of the gun on its wheeled carriage ) , the maximum depression was and traverse was and the vehicle could carry a Bren light machine gun . By July 1942 had been built , and as the last being built an order for a further placed , with an option for a further the tender was abandoned in favour of the American M7 105 mm SP gun . Combat history . The Bishop first saw action during the Second Battle of El Alamein in North Africa and remained in service during the early part of the Italian Campaign . Due to its limitations and the Valentine ' s characteristic slow speed , the Bishop was poorly received . To gain elevation , crews would build large ramps out of the earth and run the Bishop onto them , tilting the vehicle back to increase the range of the gun . The Bishop was replaced by the M7 Priest and Sexton when those became available in sufficient numbers and surviving Bishops were diverted for artillery use .
19th Battalion ( United States Marine Corps ) 19th Battalion was an battalion in the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve based out of Augusta , Georgia . History . The battalion was formed in December 1936 and was mobilized 7 November 1940 for service in anticpation of World War II . Upon mobilization , the Marines were sent to various assignments throughout the Marine Corps as was customary for the time . The battalion was subsequently disbanded after mobiliation .
Battle of Franklin ' s Crossing The Battle of Franklin ' s Crossing , also known as the Deep Run Battle , took place near Fredericksburg , Virginia on June 5 , 1863 . Union forces under General John Sedgwick skirmished with Confederate troops under General A . P . Hill during a reconnaissance to determine the movements and location of General Robert E . Lee ' s Army of Northern Virginia . Confederate forces repulsed the Union probe . The small fight was the first action in the Gettysburg Campaign . Background . On June 3 , Robert E . Lee decided to begin his second invasion of Northern soil and accordingly ordered his army to evacuate the lines around Fredericksburg and move into the Shenandoah Valley . To cover the withdrawal , Lee left A . P . Hill ' s III corps , with orders to remain along the lines until the Army was safely away . Rumors of Lee ' s movements reached Union general Joseph Hooker almost immediately . To determine the validity of the various reports he was receiving he ordered the VI corps under John Sedgwick to conduct a reconnaissance in force on June 5 . The battle . On the morning of the 5th the VI corps led by the 26th New Jersey and 5th Vermount began crossing the Rappahannock River near Deep Run . The initial attempt at crossing was soon repulsed by Confederates entrenched in rifle pits on the southern bank . After artillery fire failed to dislodge the Confederates , Sedgewick ordered two regiments to cross in pontoon boats . The union troops were able to successfully land the boats on the southern bank and overrun the rifle pits , capturing 35 prisoners . They then advanced up the bank to edge of a woods where they encountered a strong detachment of Confederates supported by artillery . A hot fire fight ensued that was described as " severe " at times before the Union advance was halted and driven back across the river , suffering 57 casualties . When the Federals failed to attack again , Hill withdrew the following day to rejoin the army . Aftermath . By successfully defeating the Union reconnaissance party , A . P . Hill convinced Sedgwick that Lee still held Fredericksburg in force . Accordingly Hooker remained along the Rappahanock giving Lee a valuable head start on his invasion . However , Hooker remained unsure of Lee ' s true position and intentions and accordingly ordered a reconnaissance by his Cavalry , which resulted in the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9 .
German submarine U - 454 German submarine " U - 454 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out ten patrols . She sank two ships and damaged one more . She was a member of 19 wolfpack s . She was sunk in the Bay of Biscay by an Australian aircraft in August 1943 . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 4 July 1940 in the " Deutsche Werke " , Kiel as ' werk ' 285 , launched on 30 April 1941 and commissioned on 24 July under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Burkhard Hackländer . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 24 July 1941 for training and the 7th flotilla from 1 November for operations . 1st patrol . " U - 432 " s first patrol was preceded by the short journey from Kiel in Germany to Kirkenes in Norway not far from the border with Russia . The patrol itself commenced with her departure from Kirkenes on 25 December 1941 . She sank the Soviet trawler " RT - 68 Enise " on 17 January 1942 north of Kanin Nos . That same day , she damaged the British registered " Harmatis " and sank the British destroyer HMS " Matabele " . The warship was hit in the stern by a torpedo , which caused her magazines to explode ; the vessel sank in two minutes . The loss of life was made worse by the detonation of her depth charge s and men freezing to death in the icy water . 2nd and 3rd patrols . Her second sortie terminated in Trondheim on 3 February 14942 and had covered the Barents Sea . The submarine ' s third patrol was marred by the loss overboard of " Matrosengefreiter " Josef Kauerlos on 26 February 1942 . 4th and 5th patrols . The boat ' s fourth patrol was also carried out in the Barents Sea . Her fifth foray was toward Bear Island between 8 and 20 April 1942 . 6th patrol . Two more short trips were carried out from Kirkenes and Bergen and finished in Kiel , from where she proceeded via the ' gap ' separating Iceland from the Faroe Islands into the Atlantic Ocean . She went as far west as Newfoundland before arriving at St . Nazaire in occupied France on 17 August 1942 . 7th and 8th patrols . Patrol number seven started and finished in St . Nazaire and at 73 days , was the boat ' s longest . Her eighth sortie was relatively uneventful ; the area negotiated was west of Ireland and north of the Azores . 9th patrol . " U - 454 " left St . Nazaire on 17 April 1943 . On 10 May , she encountered a Fairey Swordfish from the escort carrier HMS " Biter " . No damage was incurred , but the U - boat was forced to dive . She returned to France , but this time to La Pallice , on 23 May . 10th patrol and loss . " U - 445 " was sunk in the Bay of Biscay by depth charge s dropped by an Australian Sunderland flying boat of No . 10 Squadron RAAF . The aircraft crashed , the U - boat was on her way to the Mediterranean when she met her fate . Thirty - two men died ; there were 14 survivors . See also . http : / / www . u - boot - archiv . de / dieboote / u0454 . php ( German )
18th Strategic Aerospace Division The 18th Strategic Aerospace Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Fifteenth Air Force , stationed at Fairchild Air Force Base , Washington . It was inactivated on 2 July 1968 . The 18th Composite Wing served as part of the defense force for the Hawaiian Islands from 1 May 1931 – 29 January 1942 . It inactivated after suffering disastrous losses in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ( 7 December 1941 ) . From June 1942 – April 1944 , it operated as the 18th Replacement Wing , processing personnel entering Second Air Force . Redesignated as the 18th Air Division on 1 July 1959 , it assured that assigned wings were organized , manned , trained , and equipped to conduct long - range bombardment operations using either nuclear or conventional weapons . Redesignated 18 Strategic Aerospace Division on 15 February 1962 , the division also developed and maintained a strategic missile operational capability . Between 1965 and 1968 , subordinate units of the 18th loaned aircraft and aircrews to SAC organizations in Southeast Asia for combat operations . Inactivated on 2 July 1968 due to budget constraints . History . Components . Wings Groups
USS Christabel ( SP - 162 ) USS " Christabel " ( SP - 162 ) was a civilian yacht purchased by the U . S . Navy during the start of World War I . She was outfitted with military equipment , including heavy 3 ” guns , and was then assigned to patrol duty in the North Atlantic Ocean . She served as a patrol craft with honor during the war , surviving an attack on a German U - Boat . Post - war she was stripped of her military hardware and sold in 1919 . Built in Scotland . " Christabel " ( No . 162 ) , an iron yacht , was built in 1893 by D . and W . Henderson , Glasgow , Scotland ; purchased by the Navy 30 April 1917 from Irving T . Bush ; commissioned at New York Navy Yard 31 May 1917 , Lieutenant H . B . Riebe in command ; and assigned to U . S . Patrol Squadrons Operating in European Waters . World War I service . She was placed in commission a month later , following conversion to a warship , and during June and early July crossed the Atlantic Ocean to Brest , France , after clearing New York City 9 June 1917 . For the remainder of the conflict , " Christabel " was employed on escort and patrol work off western France , and took part in at least two actions with German U - Boats . One of which was the Action of 21 May 1918 when she was credited with sinking a German submarine off Spain . However , later it was found that the U - boat was only damaged but had to be interned by Spain a few days later . Service as a training ship . After returning to the United States in December 1918 , she was based at New London , Connecticut , and served with reserve antisubmarine squadrons as an anti - submarine training ship . Awards and honors . As an officer on board the " Christabel " , Ensign Daniel Augustus Joseph Sullivan was awarded the Medal of Honor for " extraordinary heroism " during combat action on 21 May 1918 . He exhibited " extraordinary heroism " in securing live depth charge s that had come loose during combat with a German U - Boat . For this act , he was awarded the Medal of Honor . Post - war decommissioning . Decommissioned 19 May 1919 , " Christabel " was sold at the end of June to the Savannah Bar Pilots Association , of Savannah , Georgia on 30 June 1919 .
250th ( Winnipeg ) Battalion , CEF The 250th Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Winnipeg , Manitoba , the unit began recruiting in the autumn of 1916 in that city . The unit was absorbed into the 249th Battalion , CEF while still in Canada . The 250th Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . W . H . Hastings .
Central Army ( Turkey ) The Central Army ( Modern Turkish : " Merkez Ordusu " ) is one of the field armies of the Army of the Grand National Assembly during the Turkish War of Independence . Its headquarters was located at Amasya . The Central Army has its foundations in remnants of the III Corps of the Ottoman Army . It engaged in suppression operations against the Pontic Rebellion and the Koçgiri Rebellion . Formations . Order of Battle of the XV Corps , December , 1920 . In December , 1920 , the Central Army was organized as follows :
United States N - class submarine The United States N class submarines were a class of seven coastal defense submarines of the United States Navy . The boats were constructed by two companies to slightly different specifications ; " N - 1 " , " N - 2 " , and " N - 3 " by the Seattle Construction and Drydock Company of Seattle , Washington , and " N - 4 " , " N - 5 " , " N - 6 " , and " N - 7 " by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company of Bridgeport , Connecticut . The N - boats built by Lake are sometimes considered a separate class . Commissioned during World War I , they were assigned to the 1st Naval District and patrolled the New England coast . By 1922 the Seattle boats were assigned to the Submarine School , New London , while the Lake boats were all scrapped in that year .
Hubert William Lewis Hubert William Lewis VC ( 1 May 1896 – 22 February 1977 ) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Lewis was 20 years old , and a private in the 11th Battalion , the Welch Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 22 / 23 October 1916 at Macukovo ( now called Evzonoi , on the Salonika Front ) , while on duty during a raid , Private Lewis was twice wounded on reaching the enemy trenches , but refused to be attended to . He was wounded again while searching enemy dug - outs and again refused assistance . At this point three of the enemy approached and Private Lewis immediately attacked them single - handed , capturing all three . Later , during the retirement , he went to the assistance of a wounded man and , under heavy shell and rifle fire , brought him back safely , after which he collapsed . Additional information . He was also awarded the Medaille Militaire by France . During World War II he was in the Home Guard . He was from Milford Haven . His son , a flight sergeant in the RAF , was killed in a bombing raid over Germany . The Medal . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Ust - Kamchatsk Airport Ust - Kamchatsk Airport is an airport in Kamchatka Krai , Russia located ten kilometers east of Ust - Kamchatsk . It is a medium - sized airfield handling small transport planes . The taxiway and apron configurations suggest possible military use in past , though the substandard runway length suggests it is not of significant military importance .
Engineer - in - Chief ( Pakistan Army ) Engineer - in - Chief or E - in - C , is a Colonel Commandant of the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers , Frontier Works Organisation and the Military Engineering Service s of Pakistan . In the Pakistan Army , the Engineer - in - Chief is a chief engineer and topographer of the Army and currently holds the rank of Lieutenant General , advises the Pakistan Army in matters of science , engineering , and technology . Lieutenant - General Najib Ullah Khan is a current E - in - C of Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers , Military Engineering Service , and Frontier Works Organisation . The Engineer - in - Chief commands the Corps of Engineers , Pakistan Army and other military engineering and maintenance corps of the Army . As a senior commander and senior staff officer at the " Army General Headquarters ( GHQ ) " , the Engineer - in - Chief advises the Army on science and engineering matters and serves as the Army ' s topographer . The E - in - C also serves as the proponent for real estate and other science and engineering programs of the Army . As commander of the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers , the Engineer - in - Chief leads a major Army Engineering command in civil and military infrastructure programs . This office defines policy and guidance and plans direction for the organizations within the Corps .
Franz Kieslich Franz Kieslich ( 17 March 1913 – 31 August 2012 ) was a highly decorated Major in the Luftwaffe during World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career , Franz Kieslich was credited with flying 1078 missions , sinking 10 ships totaling 23 , 000 BRT , a destroyer and a submarine .