naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Semenovsky Regiment Semenovsky Life - Guards Regiment ( Семёновский лейб - гвардии полк ) was one of the two oldest guards regiments of the Imperial Russian Army . History . Peter ' s Toy Army . Its history dates back to 1683 from Toy army of Peter I . In 1700 it was designated the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment ( after a village of Semenovskoe near Moscow , where it was initially stationed ) . From 1723 the regiment was quartered in St . Petersburg . The Great Northern War . During the Great Northern War the regiment fought in the Battle of Narva , in 1703 excelled in the siege of Nyenschantz and capture of the Swedish fleet at the mouth of the Neva River , took part in the Prut campaign of 1711 . The Napoleonic Wars . The entire regiment participated in the wars with France ( 1805 , 1806 – 07 , 1812 – 14 ) 19th Century . It participated in the wars against Turkey ( 1828 – 29 and 1877 – 78 ) . In 1905 , regiment participated in quelling of the armed uprising in Moscow . World War 1 and disbandment . During the First world war , the regiment was dispatched to the South - Western front as part of the 1st Guards Infantry Division ; the reserve battalion , which remained in Petrograd took part in February revolution in 1917 . In March 1918 the Semenovsky regiment returned from the battlefront to Petrograd and was disbanded the same month . Revival . In 2013 President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on re - establishment of the Regiment as The Semenovsky 1st Infantry separate regiment ( 1 - й отдельный стрелковый Семёновский полк ) , and as part of the The Kremlin Guard .
13th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 13th Regiment Maine Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . 13th Maine was organized at Portland , Maine and mustered into Federal service for a three - year enlistment on December 13 , 1861 . The veterans and recruits of the 13th were consolidated to a single battalion and transferred to 30th Maine on December 25 , 1864 . Those soldiers who did not reenlist were discharged from service on January 5 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment lost 1 officer and 13 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds and 3 officers and 178 died of disease for a total of 195 fatalities from all causes .
189th Airlift Squadron The 189th Airlift Squadron ( 189 AS ) is an inactive unit of the Idaho Air National Guard . It was last assigned to the 124th Wing located at Gowen Field Air National Guard Base , Boise , Idaho . Following the BRAC 2005 the unit was inactivated on 18 October 2009 . History . The 189th AS was activated on 1 September 1996 at Gowen Field ANGB as part of the 124th Wing . It was a tactical airlift squadron , equipped with Lockheed C - 130E Hercules transports . Prior to its activation as a squadron in 1995 , the unit was initially formed on 1 April 1984 as the 189th Tactical Reconnaissance Training Flight . Its mission was a Formal Training Unit ( FTU ) for aircrews being assigned to the 124th Tactical Reconnaissance ( later Fighter ) group flying RF - 4C Phantom II reconnaissance and later F - 4G Phantom II electronic warfare aircraft . On 16 March 1992 it was re - designated as the 189th Fighter Flight . The flight used 190th TFS / FS aircraft for its training mission . With the retirement of the F - 4Gs in 1995 , the status of the unit was changed from a flight to a squadron , and it received C - 130E aircraft for operational missions . The 189th supported countless deployments all over the world in support of the U . S . Southern Command , Operation Allied Force , Operation Southern Watch , Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom . They also responded to winter weather disasters New Mexico and provided humanitarian support for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita . The Airlift Squadron ' s awards include the Governor ' s Outstanding Unit Citation 1997 , 1999 , and 2005 as well as the Adjutant General Award 1998 . The 189th Airlift Squadron was inactivated as a result of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Act on 18 October 2009 . Many of the members who were part of the squadron were absorbed within the wing .
Battle of Nanchang The Battle of Nanchang ( was a major battle between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Japanese Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino - Japanese War . It was the first major conflict to occur following the Chinese defeat at the Battle of Wuhan . After the Battle of Wuhan , Wuhan was the base of the 11th Army of the Imperial Japanese Army , and was surrounded by the 5th and 9th Military Regions of the National Revolutionary Army . Nanchang was a railway center , the major supply line between the 3rd and 9th Military Regions , and site of the airbase threatening Japanese shipping in Yangtze River . In addition , its proximity to the center of the Shanghai - Wuhan strip controlled by Japan was a strategic threat . The 9th Military Region was reshuffled , with Chen Cheng staying as the supreme commander in name and Xue Yue becoming the commander in actuality . 200 , 000 troops in 52 divisions were gathered near Nanchang . However , lacking vehicles , the reorganization took a long time and the planned attack was delayed . Japanese attack . Japanese troops had tried to approach Nanchang during the Battle of Wuhan , but they were stopped at Xiushui River . Where they had to wait for reinforcements , and started the second invasion with 120 , 000 troops . Following an artillery barrage Japanese troops began crossing the Xiushui River ( see Battle of Xiushui River ) . Starting at 07 : 00 on 21 March , they advanced , and began to build bridges . On 23 March , Wucheng where the Xiushui River enters Poyang Hu was devastated by sustained naval bombardment and airstrikes followed by a landing by Naval Landing forces . By 26 March , Japanese troops supported by tanks had broken out of their Xiushui River bridgehead and reached the west gate of Nanchang , defeating Chinese reinforcements from the 3rd Military Region . By 27 March , Nanchang had fallen after being surrounded and put under siege by Japanese forces . This was the end of the first phase of the battle . Chinese counterattack & retreat . However , the battle was not over . During a period lasting until the end of April some Japanese forces were moved to support operations in other areas ( see Battle of Suizao ) . This weakening of available Japanese manpower had consequences . On 21 April , a surprise attack by the forces of the 3rd and 9th Military Regions allowed for a breakthrough by the 32nd Army Group that allowed a Chinese spearhead to reach the outer area of Nanchang in five days . However , under heavy attack from Japanese Aviation and facing a Japanese garrison re - enforced by components of the Navy they were unable to lay an effective siege and retreated on 9 May . Aftermath . Subsequent to this battle , the major supply line of the 3rd Military Region of the National Revolutionary Army and the southeast provinces of China came under increasing threat .
15 May Organization Founded in 1979 , the 15 May Organization or Abu Ibrahim Faction was a minor breakout faction from Wadie Haddad ' s Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - External Operations ( PFLP - EO ) . History . The name is drawn from 15 May 1948 , the day that the British Mandate over Palestine ended and the first Arab - Israeli War began . The group was led by Muhammad al - Umari ( kunya : Abu Ibrahim ) , and took credit for several bomb ings of international targets in the early 1980s , including hotels and airliners , but is believed to have disbanded after members joined Fatah radical Col . Hawari ' s Fatah Special Operations Group . Operations . In 1980 , in the group ' s first attack was against the " Royal Hotel " in London , England , ostensibly because of its high number of Jewish patrons . The 21 - year old Palestinian - Iraqi Mohammed Zuhair travelled from Baghdad into an unnamed European country , and finally arrived in London , with several kilograms of plastic explosive s hidden inside his suitcase . He rented a room in the centre of the fifth floor , where Ibrahim had hoped an explosion might cause enough structural damage to cause the building to collapse . The bomb detonated prematurely on 17 January however , and killed only Zuhair himself ; injuring several hotel guests . After his death , his photograph was hung in one of Ibrahim ' s safe houses , and Capt . Mohammed Rashid named his son after Zuhair . In 1981 , the group organised the bombing of Israeli airline El Al offices in Rome and Istanbul , as well as the Israeli embassies in Athens and Vienna . The following year , the group unsuccessfully attempted to bomb a Pan Am flight in Rio de Janeiro , and then successfully detonated a bomb , killing only one passenger , aboard Pan Am Flight 830 on 11 August . The latter attack was orchestrated by Rashid , who was imprisoned for his actions . Downfall . The 15 May Organization is believed to have been sponsored by Iraq , and founder Abu Ibrahim was believed by US authorities to have relocated there after the group disbanded . Twenty days after the unsuccessful bombing by Rashid , construction contractor Adnan Awad turned himself over to the American Embassy in Saudi Arabia and claimed that he had been pressured into joining the group . He was turned over to the Swiss , but later returned to the United States to help secure indictment against the 15 May leadership . With his aid , American intelligence agencies determined that it was the 15 May Organization that had constructed the bomb aboard Pan Am Flight 830 . Abu Ibrahim was placed on the FBI ' s most wanted on June 2009
German torpedo boat T - 26 German torpedo - boat " T - 26 " was a torpedo boat ( a type of small destroyer popular in European navies ) built for the " Kriegsmarine " during the Second World War . Built by Schichau of Elbing , " T - 26 " was one of fifteen Type 39 torpedo boats , sometimes referred to as the Elbing class . She was laid down in 1941 , launched on 18 February 1942 and commissioned on 27 February 1943 . " T - 26 " was assigned to general escort duties and stationed in Occupied France on the Bay of Biscay . In December 1943 " T - 26 " sailed with her flotilla on Operation " Bernau " , a mission to escort two German blockade runners to safety . The operation was a failure for the German Navy ; the convoy was intercepted on 28 December by a force of two Royal Navy cruisers , and in the confused action that followed " T - 26 " , together with her sister ship " T - 25 " , the destroyer " Z27 " and one of the blockade runners were sunk .
Multi - spectral camouflage Multi - spectral camouflage is the use of techniques to conceal objects from detection by methods across several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum ; while traditional camouflage attempts to hide an object in the visible spectrum , multi - spectral camouflage also deals with hiding the object from detection methods such as infra - red , radar , and millimetre - wave imaging at the same time . Applications . Multi - spectral camouflage can be applied to individuals in the form of a ghillie suit , disguising the heat given off by the wearer ' s body , and to vehicles and buildings with either specialised paints or camouflage nets that reduce the amount of heat given off by an object , as well as altering the shape and size of its radar signature .
No . 5 Wing RAF No . 5 Wing of the Royal Air Force was a wing of aircraft squadrons which was originally established as the Fifth Wing of the Royal Flying Corps . Currently inactive , the wing has been formed and disbanded five times over the course of its history . 1914 to 1920 . The Fifth ( Corps ) Wing of the Royal Flying Corps was one of the earliest wings to be established . On 15 April 1915 No . 8 Squadron and No . 13 Squadron of the RFC were grouped together at Fort Grange , Gosport to form the 5th Wing . Major LEO Charlton , No . 8 Squadron commander , temporarily took command of the Wing until he travelled to France . In November 1915 the 5th Wing , under the command of Lieutenant Colonel W G H Salmond arrived in the Middle East . At this time it consisted of No . 14 Squadron , No . 17 Squadron and an aircraft park . Between June 1916 and October 1917 , No . 1 Squadron , Australian Flying Corps – which was known as 67 Squadron in British military circles ( to avoid confusion with similarly named RFC and RNAS units ) – was also part of the wing . From 1918 to 1919 the Fifth Wing was headquartered at RAF Ramleh in Palestine . In 1918 the Wing , then designated the Fifth ( Corps ) Wing , played a key part in the Battle of Megiddo . The 5th Wing was disbanded on 1 April 1920 . 1923 to 1924 . No . 5 Wing was reformed on 1 April 1923 and its function was to control all RAF fighter squadrons north of the River Thames . On 30 April , Wing Commander John Tyssen was appointed as the Officer Commanding . However , this period of the Wing ' s existence was short - lived and it was disbanded in April 1924 . 1935 to 1936 . Following the tensions surrounding the Abyssinia Crisis , the Wing was reformed on 26 October 1935 . The Officer Commanding was Group Captain Raymond Collishaw . It controlled No . 3 Squadron RAF , No . 35 Squadron RAF , No . 47 Squadron RAF and No . 207 Squadron RAF during the Second Italo - Abyssinian War . The Wing was disbanded on 14 August 1936 . 1939 to 1940 . During the first year of the Second World War , No . 5 Wing was responsible for controlling radar units based in France .
Charles Herbert Mullins Major Charles Herbert Mullins VC CMG ( 28 June 1869 – 24 May 1916 ) was a South African recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Mullins was 30 years old , and a captain in the Imperial Light Horse ( Natal ) during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place at the Battle of Elandslaagte for which he and Captain Robert Johnston were awarded the VC . Mullins returned to the United Kingdom and received the VC from King Edward during an investiture at Marlborough House 25 July 1901 . He later achieved the rank of major . The medal was held by St . Andrews College , Grahamstown , South Africa . It was later donated to the Imperial War Museum , London .
731st Bombardment Squadron The 731st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 452d Bombardment Group , stationed at Iwakuni Air Base , Japan . It was inactivated on 25 June 1951 . History . Established in mid - 1943 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment squadron ; assigned to II Bomber Command for training , primarily in the Pacific Northwest . Deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in January 1944 , being assigned to Eighth Air Force in England . Engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , becoming one of the most highly decorated squadron of the Air Offensive . Engaged in strategic bombardment operations until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Returned to the United States and prepared for B - 29 transition training , however Japanese Capitulation in August led to unit ' s inactivation in November . Reactivated in the reserves in 1947 as a B - 26 Invader light bomber squadron , assigned to Long Beach AAF , California . Moved to George AFB in 1950 when Long Beach was closed . Wad deployed to Japan in August 1950 for combat duty during the Korean War , engaged in night bombardment missions over both North and South Korea . Inactivated in June 1951 with assets being reassigned to active - duty units .
Herbert A . Littleton Herbert A . Littleton ( July 1 , 1930 - April 22 , 1951 ) was a United States Marine who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for falling on a grenade during the Korean War . Biography . Littleton , known as " Hal " to his family , was born on July 1 , 1930 , in Mena , Arkansas . His family then lived in Black Hawk , South Dakota . He attended high school in Sturgis , South Dakota , where he played basketball and football . He was employed by Electrical Appliance Corporation , Rapid City , South Dakota , before enlisting in the Marine Corps Reserve on July 29 , 1948 , for a one - year term . After his service , he moved to Nampa , Idaho , with his family in 1950 and worked as a lineman for Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph . After the outbreak of the Korean War , Littleton reenlisted in the Marine Corps . Following recruit training in San Diego , California , he trained at Camp Pendleton and went to Korea with the 3rd Replacement Draft , fighting in South and Central Korean operations from December 17 , 1950 until his death . Littleton earned the nation ' s highest award for valor on April 22 , 1951 , at Chungehon , when he smothered an enemy grenade with his body . Littleton was the 16th Marine to receive the Medal of Honor in Korea . In December 2009 , the post office in Nampa , Idaho , was renamed in his honor . Decorations . In addition to the Medal of Honor , PFC Littleton was awarded the Purple Heart ; Korean Service Medal with one bronze star ; and the United Nations Service Medal . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS HERBERT A . LITTLETON UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS RESERVE for service as set forth in the following CITATION : / S / HARRY S . TRUMAN
Jeffrey Miller Jeffrey Glenn Miller ( March 28 , 1950 – May 4 , 1970 ) was an American student at Kent State University in Kent , Ohio , when he was shot and killed by Ohio National Guard smen in the Kent State shootings . Shortly before his death , in January 1970 , Miller had transferred to Kent State from Michigan State University . While at Michigan State , Miller pledged Phi Kappa Tau fraternity where his older brother had been a member . He and his brother had always been close , and shared a birthday . After his brother graduated from Michigan State , Miller found himself feeling increasingly out of touch with those he knew at Michigan State . During the summer of 1969 , an old friend from New York who attended Kent State urged Miller to consider transferring . He quickly adapted to Kent State and soon had many friends , including Allison Krause and Sandra Lee Scheuer who would both die with him on May 4 . Miller had taken part in the protests that day and had thrown a tear - gas canister back at the Ohio National Guardsmen who had originally fired it . The protests , initially against the expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia , had morphed into a protest against the presence of the Ohio National Guard on the Kent State campus . When he was shot , he was unarmed , and facing the Guardsmen while standing in an access road leading into the Prentice Hall parking lot at a distance of approximately . A single bullet entered his open mouth and exited at the base of his posterior skull , killing him instantly . John Filo ' s iconic Pulitzer Prize - winning photo , the most famous picture from the event , features fourteen - year - old runaway Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over Miller ' s body . Three other students were killed in the shootings : Allison Krause , Sandra Lee Scheuer , and William Knox Schroeder . The shootings led to protests and a national student strike , causing hundreds of campuses to close because of both violent and non - violent demonstrations . The Kent State campus remained closed for six weeks . Five days after the shootings , 100 , 000 people demonstrated in Washington , D . C . , against the war and protesting the killing of rioting students on a college campus . Miller was cremated and his ashes placed in the mausoleum ( Unit 7 , Alcove H - O , Column O , Niche 1 ) at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale , New York . A memorial has been erected at Plainview - Old Bethpage John F . Kennedy High School , the school that replaced Miller ' s high school in Plainview , New York . Miller ' s mother had been a secretary to the principal of J . F . Kennedy H . S . in the 1960s . There is a Kent State Memorial Lecture Fund at MIT established in 1970 by one of Miller ’ s childhood friends . The university has also installed a memorial delineating the spot where Miller died .
USS LST - 869 USS " LST - 869 " was an in the United States Navy . Like many of her class , she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation . " LST - 869 " was laid down on 27 October 1944 at Jeffersonville , Indiana , by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machinery Co . ; launched on 11 December 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Janie G . Ray ; and commissioned on 6 January 1945 , Lt . ( jg . ) E . J . Malloy in command . Service history . " LST - 869 " apparently did not see combat service during World War II . Following World War II , " LST - 869 " performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China until mid - April 1946 . She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 31 July 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 28 August that same year . On 26 December 1947 , the ship was sold to Pablo N . Ferrari & Co . for operation , and was transferred to Argentina . In Argentine service , " LST - 869 " was renamed " Doña Michaela " . She was retired in 1963 .
Charles I of Albret Charles d ' Albret ( died 25 October 1415 ) was Constable of France from 1402 until 1411 , and again from 1413 until 1415 . He was also the co - commander of the French army at the Battle of Agincourt where he was killed by the English forces led by King Henry V . Biography . Charles was born into an old Gascon family , the son of Arnaud , Lord of Albret , and Margaret de Bourbon . He fought under Bertrand du Guesclin as a young man . He was made the constable of France by Charles VI in 1402 , but dismissed when the Burgundian faction gained power at court . He was restored to his office in 1413 when the Armagnac faction regained power . Although nominal commander of the French army in the Agincourt campaign together with Marshal Boucicaut , the two professional soldiers could not exercise effective control over the higher - ranking French nobles on the day of the battle . Constable d ' Albret was killed at Agincourt during the celebrated battle on 25 October 1415 , against the numerically smaller ( but technologically superior ) English troops led by King Henry V . Family . He married , as her third husband , Marie de Sully , daughter of Louis de Sully and Isabel de Craon , on 27 January 1400 and had issue : In culture . Constable Charles d ' Albret plays a significant role in William Shakespeare ' s play " Henry V " , as one of the leading enemies of the English . His death is portrayed in very different ways in film adaptations of the play . Constable d ' Albret was portrayed by Leo Genn in the 1944 film " Henry V " . The film sets up d ' Albret as the most militarily worthy of the French warriors , but with a sneering manner and a " fierce and inhuman appearance " in black armour with a pointed visor . He is killed in single combat with Henry , played by Laurence Olivier . His distinctive black armour is later taken and worn by Ancient Pistol . He is played by Richard Easton in the 1989 film " Henry V " . Constable d ' Albret ' s death at Agincourt is vividly depicted in the film which starred Kenneth Branagh in the title role . He is rescued mortally wounded from the muddy battlefield , only to die in shamed despair among other shocked French aristocrats . In the 2012 TV film of " Henry V " , concluding the series The Hollow Crown , he is played by Maxime Lefrancois . His death is portrayed in an unheroic light . In a wood away from the main action , he stabs the Duke of York in the back during the final stages of the conflict , only to be shot in the back by a longbowman as he prepares to kill the only witness , a young page . The page is later revealed to be the Chorus , remembering the events as an old man after the disasters of Henry VI ' s reign .