naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
RT - 1 The RT - 1 was an early intercontinental ballistic missile design that was tested but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War . It was not assigned a NATO reporting name , but did carry the industry designation 8K95 . Development was led by OKB - 1 ( S . P . Korolev ) , and a total of five flight tests were carried out , of which two were successful . Two versions of the RT - 1 were developed , with the first failing its first flight , but succeeding in its second in 1961 . A second version was tested in 1965 with three flights , of which two failed . The RT - 1 program was cancelled before any service .
Graham Thomson Lyall Graham Thomson Lyall VC ( 8 March 1892 – 28 November 1941 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Lyall was born in Manchester and joined the Royal Navy to study mechanical engineering . However he was discharged from the Navy after suffering an ear infection . He emigrated to Canada , settling in Welland , Ontario , then moving to Chippawa , where he worked for a Power Company . He enlisted in the Canadian Militia in August 1914 . Lyall was 26 years old , and a lieutenant in the 102nd ( North British Columbians ) Battalion , Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War at the battle of the Canal du Nord when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 27 September 1918 north of Cambrai , France , Lieutenant Lyall led his platoon in the capture of a strong - point , together with 13 prisoners , one field - gun and four machine - guns . Later , leading his men against another strong - point he rushed forward alone and captured the position single - handed , taking 45 prisoners and five machine - guns . The completion of his final objective resulted in the capture of 41 prisoners . On 1 October in the neighbourhood of Blecourt , he captured a strongly defended position which yielded 60 prisoners and 17 machine - guns . During both these operations , on attaining his objectives , Lieutenant Lyall tended the wounded under fire . Further information . Lyall returned to the UK in 1919 and joined the British Army . He achieved the rank of Colonel during World War II before dying of a heart attack at Mersa Matruh , Egypt , on 28 November 1941 . Lyall is buried at Halfaya Sollum War Cemetery , Egypt located 10 miles east of Libyan border ( plot XIX , row B , grave 2 ) . The medal . Lyall ' s Victoria Cross , together with his medal set and citation is on display at The REME Museum of Technology in Arborfield , Berkshire , England .
Eva Plunkett Eva Plunkett is the inspector - general of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service ( CSIS ) , having served in that role since December 2003 . Plunkett is in charge of reviewing the spy agency ' s operational activities . She has criticised her role in the agency , stating that CSIS ' mandate is not clearly defined , and thus is it difficult for her to judge whether or not specific operations fall outside of their domain . She has also criticized what she considers to be unreasonable delays by CSIS to provide her with the necessary information to perform her duties . Plunkett spent 28 years serving in the Solicitor General ' s office . In April 2006 , Plunkett explained that she believed that emphasis was needed on " traditional " roles of combatting espionage , such as defending classified secrets , rather than focusing strictly on the War on Terror . Plunkett is also on the Board of Advisors for Carleton University ' s Canadian Centre of Intelligence and Security Studies program .
221st Battalion , CEF The 221st Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Winnipeg , Manitoba , the unit began recruiting in early 1916 in that city . After sailing to England in April 1917 , the battalion was absorbed into the 11th Reserve Battalion on April 29 , 1917 . The 221st Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . V . A . V . McMeans . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Weibel M / 1932 The Weibel M / 1932 was a light machine gun concept of Danish origin and was considered to supplement the Madsen gun in Danish service . It was fed from a 20 round box magazine chambered in the intermediate 7x44mm round . This calibre was considered underpowered for its day but shares the same ballistics as later calibres such as the 7 . 92x33mm Kurz , 7 . 62x45mm vz . 52 and 7 . 62x39mm M43 used in assault rifles . The Weibel was an advanced weapon at the time of its invention .
Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act The Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act ( DAWIA ) was signed into law in November 1990 . It requires the Department of Defense to establish education and training standards , requirements , and courses for the civilian and military workforce . The DAWIA has been subsequently modified including amendments in 2003 , 2004 , and 2006 by Public Law PL 1009 - 163 sec 1056 . c . 3 Background . In 1985 , the DoD called for an extensive review of the education and training functions . At the same time , President Reagan established the Packard Commission to review the management of the DoD . Both studies indicated that acquisition workers were undertrained and inexperienced , resulting in the enactment of DAWIA as part of the FY 1991 National Defense Authorization Act . Content . The DoD Directive 5000 series set forth a unified approach that all services were to follow . As part of this the Defense Acquisition University ( DAU ) was established , a unified consortium of previously separate services and separate courses . The efforts to structure and advance acquisition led to 5 college - level campuses , with works such as the defense acquisition guide DAG ; library collections ; publications such as Defense AT & L Magazine and the Defense Acquisition Review Journal the development of numerous courses including online learning ; and professional conferences . Civilian positions and military billets in the acquisition system have acquisition duties that fall into fourteen career fields . For each career field , certification is available at three levels typified as Level I Basic or Entry ( GS5 - 9 ) , Level II Intermediate or Journeyman ( GS 9 - 12 ) , and Level III Advanced or Senior ( GS 13 and above ) :
Russian cruiser Oleg Oleg ( ) was the 4th and final protected cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy . Operational history . " Oleg " was laid down at the Admiralty Shipyards at St . Petersburg on July 6 , 1902 , launched on August 14 , 1903 and commissioned into the Russian Baltic Fleet on June 24 , 1904 . With the Russo - Japanese War already in progress , she was seconded to the Russian Second Pacific Squadron Russo - Japanese War . Under the command of Admiral Oskar Enkvist , " Oleg " was part of the Russian Second Pacific Squadron , which sailed from the Baltic Sea around the world to relieve the Japanese blockade of the Russian Pacific Fleet at Port Arthur during the Russo - Japanese War . The squadron engaged Japanese Admiral Togo Heihachiro ’ s Combined Fleet at the Battle of Tsushima on May 15 , 1905 . During the battle , " Oleg " was damaged , but managed to escape and , together with and reached the protection of the neutral port of Manila , where she was interned to the end of the war . After returning to the Russian Baltic Fleet , " Oleg " was refit and her torpedo nets removed . She was available for active service again from October 17 , 1908 . World War I . At the start of World War I , " Oleg " was part of the Russian 1st Cruiser Brigade in the Baltic Sea . On August 26 , 1914 , together with , she covered minelaying operations in the Baltic , as well as laying mines herself . Mines laid by " Oleg " are credited with sinking the German light cruiser " SMS Augsburg " off Bornholm . On July 2 , 1915 , " Oleg " participated in the Battle of Åland Islands during which she assisted in driving the German light cruiser onto the beach . In June 1916 , the Russian Baltic Fleet launched a major offensive against German convoys off the Swedish cost , near Gotland . Russian Revolution . During the October Revolution of 1917 , the crew of the " Oleg " quickly declared support for the Bolshevik cause . The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk required the Soviets to evacuate their base at Helsinki in March 1918 or have their ships interned by newly independent Finland even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen over . " Oleg " sailed to Kronstadt in what became known as the ' Ice Voyage ' . In November 1918 , " Oleg " and " Bogatyr " participated in the aborted invasion of Estonia by the Red Army . Oleg was torpedoed and sunk on the night of June 17 , 1919 by Royal Navy speedboat " CMB - 4 " commanded by Captain Augustus Agar in an attack on the Red Navy facilities at Kronstadt . Parts of the ship were salvaged in 1919 and 1933 , and the rest of hulk was raised and scrapped in 1938 .
Ogasawara Nagatoki In 1542 , Shinano Province was invaded by Takeda Shingen , and Ogasawara allied with Murakami Yoshikiyo , Suwa Yorishige , and Kiso Yoshiyasu in an attempt to stop him . They met Takeda Shingen ' s forces at the Battle of Sezawa on March 9 , 1542 , and were defeated . Following this defeat , and the conquest of his lands , Ogasawara allied himself with Uesugi Kenshin , Takeda ' s primary rival . He fought alongside Takatō Yoritsugu in 1545 , ultimately failing in their defense against the first siege of Takatō Castle . Ogasawara was defeated by Shingen again several years later , in the 1548 Battle of Shiojiritoge , in which he was hit by a surprise attack at dawn ; many of his men were killed as they reached for weapons and armor . His losing streak continued the following year , when Shingen seized a number of fortresses , including Fukashi ( now Matsumoto Castle ) , in the Siege of Fukashi . This final , bitter loss caused Ogasawara Nagatoki to retreat to Kyoto , where he taught horsemanship and archery ( " Kyūdō " ) until his murder in 1583 . Some of his descendants became daimyo in the Edo period , most notably as rulers of the Kokura Domain .
Supreme crime The concept of supreme crime is a legal principle that to initiate war not in self - defense , called war of aggression in international law , but with the intent to conquer territory and subjugate other people , is more egregious than a normal crime . The term was introduced by Justice Robert H . Jackson , chief prosecutor for the United States at the Nuremberg Trials . Background . The loss of human life during World War I prompted the debate about the legality of war - making in the League of Nations . Shortly after the cessation of hostilities on the European theatre of World War II , Jackson framed the legal principles making the initiation of a war of aggression a supreme crime as follows : Iraq war controversy . Benjamin B . Ferencz was one of the chief prosecutors for the United States at the military trials of German officials following WWII , and a former law professor . In an interview given on August 25 , 2006 , Ferencz stated that not only Saddam Hussein should be tried , but also George W . Bush because the Iraq War had been begun by the U . S . without permission by the UN Security Council . Benjamin B . Ferencz wrote the foreword for Michael Haas ' s book , " George W . Bush , War Criminal ? : The Bush Administration ' s Liability for 269 War Crimes " .
Kostka - Napierski Uprising The Kostka Napierski Uprising was a peasant revolt in Poland in 1651 . It took place at the same time as the more important Khmelnytsky Uprising in the south - east part of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth and during the Swedish preparation to invade the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . Aleksander Kostka Napierski was an adventurer and officer in the Polish army . During the revolt , he acted most likely as a spy for Bohdan Khmelnytsky or the Prince of Transylvania . He recruited his forces from among some rebellious highlanders in Podhale – a mountainous region in Lesser Poland . They attacked and captured the castle of Czorsztyn in Pieniny . Napierski called on every peasant in Poland to rise and overthrow the nobles and remove them from their positions of power . His attempts to spread the revolt were totally unsuccessful . Napierski and his rebel group remained isolated in the castle , which was soon recaptured by the forces of Piotr Gembicki , bishop of Kraków . Napierski and the other leaders of the revolt were impaled . Research conducted by Polish historian Adam Kersten has shown that many facts about Napierski and his plans are either difficult or even impossible to bring to light . It is claimed that Napierski ' s attempt to lead a revolt by the peasants in Lesser Poland was aimed at disorganizing the Polish defence against the advancing armies of Chmielnicki . In fact , two thousand troops were sent by the king from Ukraine to crush the rebellion . Additionally , Napierski was executed before they even reached Czorsztyn . Even without these troops , the Polish army won a decisive victory in the battle of Berestechko .
Leslie F . Kenne Leslie F . Kenne is a retired Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force , a rank she attained in 1999 , and the first woman to attain that rank in the Air Force . She is currently on the board of directors of SRI International , Harris Corporation , Oshkosh Corporation and Unisys Corporation . Kenne also serves on the Air Force Studies Board , part of the National Academy of Sciences . A graduate of Auburn University , Kenne served in a variety of roles , including director of three major programs : the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared System for Night , the F - 16 and the F - 35 . She has won numerous awards , including the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal , the Defense Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star and the Meritorious Service Medal . Early life and education . In 1970 , Kenne graduated from Auburn University with a degree in aerospace engineering and had participated in Auburn ' s ROTC program , and in 1971 , she entered the Air Force . She served as a flight line maintenance officer in operations , and attended the U . S . Air Force Test Pilot School in 1974 . She would later attain a master of science in procurement management from Webster University . Early career . After graduating from the Test Pilot School , she served as a test and evaluation project manager , and in test and evaluation supervisory positions . Kenne has served first as a division chief , and during a second tour , as a deputy director in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition . She has directed three major programs — the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared System for Night , the F - 16 and the F - 35 . She also has served as Vice Commander of Aeronautical Systems Center , Wright - Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio , and the Sacramento Air Logistics Center , McClellan Air Force Base , Calif . Prior to assuming her current position , Kenne commanded the Electronic Systems Center , Hanscom Air Force Base , Massachusetts . Later career . Kenne was Deputy Chief of Staff for Warfighting Integration , Headquarters U . S . Air Force , Washington , D . C . She was responsible to the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff for forming and executing policy and strategy to integrate command , control , communications , computers , intelligence , surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities to enable more effective employment of air and space power in support of national objectives . General Kenne also provided guidance and direction to four field operating agencies : the Air Force Command and Control & Intelligence , Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center ; the Air Force Communications Agency ; the Air Force Frequency Management Agency ; and the Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation . She retired from the United States Air Force on September 1 , 2003 . In February 2008 , she joined SRI International ' s board of directors .
Loire 250 The Loire 250 was a French single - seat fighter monoplane designed and built by Loire Aviation of St . Nazaire . Design and development . The Loire 250 was built to meet a requirement for a single - seat fighter prototypes to undergo a fly - off competition with the Dewoitine D . 513 and Morane - Saulnier MS . 405 . The Loire 250 was an all - metal low - wing monoplane powered by a Hispano - Suiza 14Ha - 7a radial engine with a single enclosed cockpit and a retractable conventional landing gear with a tailwheel . Only one prototype was produced ; it first flew 27 September 1935 , it was modified to improve performance before the fly - off but failed to gain a production order . The prototype was unarmed but it was intended to fit two 20 mm cannons and two 7 . 5 mm machine - guns if the type entered production .
Battle of Demetritzes The Battle of Demetritzes in 1185 was fought between the Byzantine army and the Normans of the Kingdom of Sicily , who had recently sacked the Byzantine Empire ' s second city , Thessalonica . The Norman army advanced east and met the Byzantine field army under Alexios Branas near Demetritzes ( modern Sidirokastro ) . A period of confrontation and virtual truce between the two armies followed , but on 7 November Branas launched a sudden attack on the Norman army and routed it . Pursued by the Byzantines , the surviving Normans fled to Thessalonica , which was abandoned without battle ; the remnants of the Norman army fled to Dyrrhachium on the Adriatic coast , effectively ending the attempted Sicilian conquest of the Empire .
ANBO III The ANBO III was a parasol - wing monoplane training and utility aircraft designed for the Lithuanian Army in 1929 . It became the first aircraft of Lithuanian design to be built in series , with two batches of four aircraft produced in 1930 and 1931 . The Anbo IIIs also saw service as reconnaissance machines .
USS Rutoma ( SP - 78 ) USS " Rutoma " ( SP - 78 ) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919 . " Rutoma " was built as the private motorboat " Manchonac " in 1910 by the Seabury Company at Morris Heights , New York . She had been renamed " Rutoma " by the time the U . S . Navy purchased her from her owner , Graham T . Thompson of New Haven , Connecticut , on 18 April 1917 for World War I service as a patrol boat . She was commissioned on 26 April 1917 as USS " Rutoma " ( SP - 78 ) with Ensign George D . Atwood , USNRF , in command . " Rutoma " patrolled in the 3rd Naval District during 1917 and 1918 , operating in Long Island Sound and eastward to New Haven . Transferred to New York City at the end of the war , " Rutoma " was rammed and sunk on 21 February 1919 by the tug SS " John L . Lewis " in the East River off Pier No . 6 in New York City . " Rutoma " was raised on 22 February 1919 by salvage crews from the salvage tug USS " Resolute " ( SP - 1309 ) . She subsequently was sold on 16 September 1919 to Reinhard Hall of Brooklyn , New York , and returned to civilian use , remaining on mercantile registers into the 1930s .
Andrew Jackson Caldwell Andrew Jackson Caldwell ( July 22 , 1837 – November 22 , 1906 ) was a U . S . Representative from Tennessee . Biography . Andrew Jackson Caldwell was born in Montevallo , Alabama on July 22 , 1837 . He moved with his parents to Tennessee in 1844 , settling near Nashville . He graduated from Franklin College , Tennessee , in 1854 , and worked as a teacher in Nashville from 1854 to 1857 . He then moved to Trenton to study law . Career . During the Civil War , Caldwell served in the Confederate States Army as a private and regimental quartermaster in the First Regiment , Tennessee Cavalry . After the war , he resumed his law studies and was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1867 . He returned to Nashville , to open a practice in law . He became attorney general for the district of Davidson and Rutherford Counties , Tennessee , serving in this capacity from 1870 to 1878 . He also served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1880 and 1882 . Caldwell was elected as a Democrat to the Forty - eighth and Forty - ninth Congresses ( March 4 , 1883March 3 , 1887 ) . He was not a candidate for reelection to the Fiftieth Congress , and resumed the practice of law . Death . Andrew Jackson Caldwell died in Nashville on November 22 , 1906 , ( age 69 years , 123 days ) , and is interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery .
SMS Tiger ( 1887 ) SMS " Tiger " was a so - called " torpedo ram cruiser " ( " Torpedo - Rammkreuzer " ) of the Austro - Hungarian Navy . An enlarged and improved version of " Panther " and " Leopard " she was part of a program to build up Austria - Hungary ' s feet of torpedo craft in the 1880s . In 1906 she was converted to an admiralty yacht and renamed SMS " Lacroma . " As envisaged by the Austro - Hungarian Navy Commander ( " Marinekommandant " ) , Vice Admiral Maximilian Daublebsky von Sterneck , " Tiger " would have a reinforced bow for ramming as well as torpedoes for attacking larger warships . She also would be small and fast enough to undertake patrol and reconnaissance duties . " Tiger ' s " design encompassed three weapons that fascinated naval theorists of the day — the ram , the torpedo , and the gun . Built by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino at San Rocco , " Tiger " was launched on 28 June 1887 . A steel - hulled vessel of 1 , 657 tons , she measured five inches ( 127 mm ) in length with a beam of nine inches ( 229 mm ) and a draft of five inches ( 127 mm ) . Propulsion was supplied by two compound steam engines with four double - ended boilers , producing for a speed of . " Tiger " had a lower profile but the same pronounced ram bow as " Panther " and " Leopard " The crew comprised 188 officers and men . " Tiger ' s " armament consisted of four 12 cm Krupp guns on hull sponsons , six 4 . 7 cm quick - firing guns , four 4 . 7 cm revolver cannon and four torpedo tubes . Like " Panther " and " Leopard , " " Tiger " was employed at first as leader of a division of torpedo boats . Later , she alternated between service on various stations , training cruises , and flag - showing visits . " Tiger " was converted into an admiralty yacht in 1905 - 06 with her armament reduced to four 4 . 7 cm Skoda guns and four 4 . 7 cm Hotchkiss guns . The hull sponsons were removed with their associated guns . On 16 February 1909 the German gun - boat ' Tiger ' is recorded visiting Lahadatu , British Northern Borneo , Captain Ackerman in command , the Prince of Hesse was a Midshipman on board . She stayed for two days and left for Manila on 19 February . She was renamed " Lacroma " in 1906 . In 1915 " Lacroma " was completely disarmed and handed over to the new Yugoslav Navy in 1919 . She was ceded to Italy in 1920 and scrapped there .