naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Georgia Train and Equip Program The Georgia Train and Equip Program ( GTEP ) was an American - sponsored 18 - month , US $ 64 - million program aimed at increasing the capabilities of the Georgian armed forces by training and equipping four 600 - man battalion s with light weapons , vehicles and communications . The program enabled the US to expedite funding for the Georgian military for Operation Enduring Freedom . On 27 February 2002 , the US media reported that the U . S . would send approximately two hundred United States Army Special Forces soldiers to Georgia to train Georgian troops . The program implemented President Bush ' s decision to respond to the Government of Georgia ' s request for assistance to enhance its counter - terrorism capabilities and addressed the situation in the Pankisi Gorge . The move drew protests from many Russia ns . On 1 March 2002 , in response to the domestic outcry , Russian president Vladimir Putin met with Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze in Kazakhstan and pledged his support for the American military initiative . The program began in May 2002 when American special forces soldiers began training select units of the Georgian Armed Forces , including the 12th Commando Light Infantry Battalion , the 16th Mountain - Infantry Battalion , the 13th " Shavnabada " Light Infantry Battalion , the 11th Light Infantry Battalion , a mechanized company and small numbers of Interior Ministry troops and border guards . Responsibility for training Georgian forces was eventually handed off to the US Marine Corps in conjunction with the British Army . British and American teams worked as part of a joint effort to train each of the four infantry battalion staffs and their organic rifle companies . This training began with the individual soldier and continued through fire team , squad , platoon , company , and battalion level tactics as well as staff planning and organization . Upon completing training , each of the new Georgian infantry battalions began preparing for deployment rotations in support of the Global War on Terror ism . Although GTEP formally ended in April 2004 , US military assistance to Georgia continued through the Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program . Part of this program involved preparing Georgian units for operations in US - led Multinational Force Iraq . That program ended in September 2007 .
Bukhansanseong The Bukhansanseong ( , " fortress of the mountains north of the Han " ) is a fortress located in Gyeonggi - do and Seoul , South Korea , dating back to the middle Joseon period . The present fort was completed in 1711 , though plans for the structure date back to 1659 . The name is also given to a fortress mentioned in the Samguk Sagi , constructed by Gaeru of Baekje in 132 CE , and the two are often conflated although the putative connection is contested . The modern Bukhansanseong was built to protect the approach to Seoul , filling a gap in Korea ' s defences that had become apparent during the second Manchu invasion of 1636 and the earlier Imjin War . The Bukhansanseong was used as a royal retreat in emergencies , and contains 120 rooms .
Samuel Hartt Pook Samuel Hartt Pook ( January 17 , 1827 – March 30 , 1901 ) was a Boston - based American naval architect noted for designing very fast clipper ships . Clipper ships . Pook designed several very fast clippers , including the " Surprise " , " Witchcraft " , " Herald of the Morning " and " Northern Light " , all of which made passages , prior to 1861 , from an American East Coast port to San Francisco , via Cape Horn in fewer than 100 days , a speedy passage for the period . He was involved in the design of the 1850 clipper barque Race Horse . Pook also designed the 1853 clipper " Challenger " and the " Red Jacket " , a holder of the speed record for the New York - Liverpool and Liverpool - Melbourne passages . Ironclad design for USS Galena . Pook was less successful in his design for the Civil War - era ironclad " Galena " , which was found , in combat conditions , to suffer from ineffective armoring . Pook ' s father was the naval architect Samuel Moore Pook , who designed the far more successful City - class Ironclads of the same period .
Treaty of Chaumont The Treaty of Chaumont was a rejected cease - fire offered by the Allies of the Sixth Coalition to Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 . Following discussions in late February 1814 , representatives of Austria , Prussia , Russia , and Great Britain reconvened a meeting at Chaumont , Haute - Marne on 1 March 1814 . The resulting Treaty of Chaumont was signed on 9 or 19 March 1814 , ( although dated 1 March ) , by Tsar Alexander I , Emperor Francis II ( with Metternich ) , King Frederick William III , and British Foreign Secretary Viscount Castlereagh . The Treaty called for Napoleon to give up all conquests , thus reverting France back to her 1791 ( Pre - French Revolutionary War s ) borders , in exchange for a cease - fire . If Napoleon rejected the treaty , the Allies pledged to continue the war . The following day Napoleon rejected the treaty , ending his last chance of a negotiated settlement .
Thomas of Lancaster , 1st Duke of Clarence Thomas of Lancaster , 1st Duke of Clarence , ( 1387 – 22 March 1421 ) , also known as Thomas Plantagenet , was the second son of King Henry IV of England and his first wife , Mary de Bohun . He was born before 25 November 1387 as on that date his father ' s accounts note a payment made to a woman described as his nurse . Sandals and clothes were bought for him early in 1388 , so the traditional birth date of 29 September 1388 may be safely discounted . Marriage and issue . Thomas married Lady Margaret Holland , widow of John Beaufort , 1st Earl of Somerset and daughter of Thomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent in November or December of 1411 . No children were born from this union , though Thomas was stepfather to her six children from her first marriage . He had , however , a natural son , Sir John Clarence , called " Bastard of Clarence " who fought by his father ' s side in France . Life . During the wars of his elder brother Henry V in France , Clarence fought in the Siege of Rouen ( July 1418 – 19 January 1419 ) , where he commanded the besieging force ; and in the Battle of Baugé on 22 March 1421 . He was killed , by Sir Alexander Buchanan or Sir John de la Croise , during the latter . His natural son John accompanied the remains of his father from Baugé to Canterbury for their interment . This Sir John Clarence had a grant of lands in Ireland from Henry V and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral . The noble de Langlée family of France claimed him for their ultimate ancestor . His executors , as seen in a legal record of 1430 , were John Colvylle , of Neuton , Cambs , knight ; Henry Merston , of Westminster , clerk & his widow , Margaret , Duchess of Clarence , living in Bermondsey , Surrey . Titles , styles , honours and arms . Arms . Sources conflict as to Thomas ' arms — as a son of the sovereign , Thomas bore the arms of the kingdom , differenced by either :
End Of Active Service End of Active Service ( EAOS ) is the conclusion of the period of active duty commitment for a member of the United States military . This date can be changed by reenlistment , extension , retirement , renewal of active orders , and administrative separation , among other things . This is not to be confused with Expiration of Current Contract ( ECC ) or Expiration of Obligated Service ( EOS ) .
Caribou Air Force Station Caribou Air Force Station , also known as North River Depot and East Loring , is a defunct Air Force Station that operated from 1951 until some time when it was absorbed into Loring Air Force Base in 1962 . It was located in Limestone , Maine , adjacent to Loring . Between 1951 and 1962 Caribou was an Operational Storage Site for Air Materiel Command ( AMC - OSS ) , one of five in the United States , and the nuclear weapons storage and maintenance facility for Loring alert aircraft . Background . The Nuclear Weapons Storage Area at Loring once operated as a separate , top secret facility . Originally called the North River Depot , the remote area to the northeast of Loring ’ s property was the first U . S . Operational site specifically constructed for the storage , assembly , and testing of atomic weapons . A parallel series of four fences , one of which was electrified , surrounded the heart of the storage area . This area was nicknamed the “ Q ” Area , which denoted the Department of Energy ’ s [ Q clearance ] a classified security clearance required to have access to Restricted Data . In June 1962 , the United States Atomic Energy Commission released its custody and ownership of the weapons to the Air Force , and the personnel and property were absorbed into the adjacent Loring Air Force Base .
VMF - 413 Marine Fighting Squadron 413 ( VMF - 413 ) was a fighter squadron of the Marine Forces Reserve during the Cold War . It descended from bombing squadron VMB - 413 , which was the Marine Corps ' first medium bomber squadron and had fought during World War II . Best known as “ Night Hecklers ” and the Shamrocks ” , the squadron fought in many areas of the Pacific War . Following the surrender of Japan , the squadron was deactivated on November 30 , 1945 . VMF - 413 reactivated in the Marine Forces Reserve and was based out of Naval Air Station Dallas , Texas , until its deactivation in January 1963 . History . The squadron was activated on March 1 , 1943 , as Marine Bombing Squadron 413 ( VMB - 413 ) at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point , North Carolina . On December 1 , 1943 , the squadron completed their training at MCAS Cherry Point and from there moved to the West Coast until finally leaving from Naval Air Station North Island on January 3 , 1944 . They arrived at Espiritu Santo on January 27 , 1944 , and remained there until March 7 , 1944 , when they were sent to Stirling Island in the Treasury Islands . While stationed there the squadron flew a few night - time heckling missions against the Japanese garrisons at Kahili , Bougainville and Rabaul until July 1944 when they moved back to Espiritu Santo . During that time the squadron lost five aircraft along with 32 crewman . In July 1944 , VMB - 413 began operating from Munda from where they began to raid both Kahili and Choiseul on a regular basis until October 18 , 1944 when they moved to Emirau . From there they ran missions against Japanese forces in New Ireland and New Britain until the surrender of Japan in August 1945 . Following the end of the war , the squadron was reactivated in the reserves at Naval Air Station Dallas . During this time , they shared aircraft with VMF - 111 and VMF - 112 until they were deactivated in January 1963 . Unit awards . A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited . Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation . VMB - 413 was presented with the following awards :
II Royal Bavarian Corps The II Royal Bavarian Army Corps / II Bavarian AK ( ) was a corps level command of the Royal Bavarian Army , part of the German Army , before and during World War I . As part of the 1868 army reform , the II Royal Bavarian Army Corps of the Bavarian Army was set up in 1869 in Würzburg as the " Generalkommando " ( headquarters ) for the northern part of the Kingdom . With the formation of the III Royal Bavarian Corps in 1900 it was made responsible for Lower Franconia , parts of Upper Franconia and the Palatinate . Like all Bavarian formations , it was assigned to the IV Army Inspectorate which became the 6th Army at the start of the First World War . The Corps was disbanded at the end of the War . Franco - Prussian War . The II Royal Bavarian Corps ( along with the I Royal Bavarian Corps ) participated in the Franco - Prussian War as part of the 3rd Army . It saw action in the battles of Weissenburg , Wörth and Sedan , and in the Siege of Paris . Peacetime organisation . The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army ( Guards , I - XXI , I - III Bavarian ) had a reasonably standardised organisation . Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades , one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each . Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type , so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry , 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments . There were exceptions to this rule : Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units . This could include one or more World War I . Organisation on mobilisation . On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured . 4th Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the Bavarian Cavalry Division and the 3rd Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters . The 8th Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 4th and 8th Bavarian Infantry Regiments ) remained in Metz as part of the 33rd Reserve Division on mobilisation . It was replaced in 4th Bavarian Division by the 5th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Brigade ( 5th and 8th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiments ) . In summary , II Bavarian Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions , 8 machine gun companies ( 48 machine guns ) , 8 cavalry squadrons , 24 field artillery batteries ( 144 guns ) , 4 heavy artillery batteries ( 16 guns ) , 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , II Royal Bavarian Corps was assigned to the predominately Bavarian 6th Army forming part of the left wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 17th Army , " Heeresgruppe Kronprinz " Rupprecht on the Western Front . Commanders . The II Royal Bavarian Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
USS SC - 36 USS " SC - 36 , until July 1920 known as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 36 or USS " S . C . 36 " , was an " SC - 1 " - class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I . " SC - 36 " was a wooden - hulled 110 - foot ( 34 m ) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn , New York . She was commissioned on 23 January 1918 as USS " Submarine Chaser No . 36 " , abbreviated at the time as USS " S . C . 36 " . When the U . S . Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920 , " Submarine Chaser No . 36 " was classified as SC - 36 and her name was shortened to USS " SC - 36 " . On 24 June 1921 , the Navy sold " SC - 36 " to Joseph G . Hitner of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .
HMS Ruby ( 1745 ) HMS " Ruby " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Bursledon in Hampshire to the dimensions specified in the 1741 proposals of the 1719 Establishment , and launched on 3 August 1745 . " Ruby " was broken up in 1765 .
Shimozuma Rairen ' ( 1537 – 1626 ) , famous known as ' , was a Japanese monk of the Hongan - ji . He worked on the defence of Hongan - ji between 1570 and 1582 . During that time the temple was in conflict from Oda Nobunaga . Rairen played a role in the peace treaty with Nobunaga and later moved to the region of Tenman to serve Honganji Kennyo and Hideyoshi .
William B . Turner ( Medal of Honor ) William Bradford Turner ( 1892 – September 27 , 1918 ) was a United States Army officer who received the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in World War I . Born in Boston , Massachusetts , Turner lived in Garden City , New York , and attended St . Paul ' s School there for one year . He was a graduate of Williams College , class of 1914 . He joined the Army from Garden City in 1915 . By September 27 , 1918 , he was serving in France as a first lieutenant with the 105th Infantry Regiment , 27th Division . During an attack on that night , near Ronssoy , he and a small group of others became separated from the rest of their company . Turner led the group forward despite intense artillery and machine gun fire , several times personally attacking machine gun positions which were firing on his men . Although wounded three times , he continued to lead the group forward , capturing and clearing three lines of trenches . After reaching their objective , a fourth line of trenches , Turner was killed while defending the position from a German counter - attack . For these actions , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor the next year , in 1919 . Aged 25 or 26 at his death , Turner was buried in France at the Somme American Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Turner ' s official citation reads : He led a small group of men to the attack , under terrific artillery and machinegun fire , after they had become separated from the rest of the company in the darkness . Single - handed he rushed an enemy machinegun which had suddenly opened fire on his group and killed the crew with his pistol . He then pressed forward to another machinegun post 25 yards away and had killed 1 gunner himself by the time the remainder of his detachment arrived and put the gun out of action . With the utmost bravery he continued to lead his men over 3 lines of hostile trenches , cleaning up each one as they advanced , regardless of the fact that he had been wounded 3 times , and killed several of the enemy in hand - to - hand encounters . After his pistol ammunition was exhausted , this gallant officer seized the rifle of a dead soldier , bayoneted several members of a machinegun crew , and shot the other . Upon reaching the fourth - line trench , which was his objective , 1st Lt . Turner captured it with the 9 men remaining in his group and resisted a hostile counterattack until he was finally surrounded and killed .
Christon Tembo Lt . Gen . Christon Tembo ( 1944 – 6 March 2009 ) was a vice - president and army commander in Zambia . He was foreign minister from 1995 to 1996 and then vice - president from 1997 to 2001 . He ran for president in the December 2001 election and took third place , with about 13 % of the vote . In 1989 , he and others were charged with plotting to overthrow then president Kenneth Kaunda , which was judged as an act of treason worthy of the death penalty . He was defended in court successfully by attorney Levy Mwanawasa , who was elected as president in 2002 . He retired from military service in 1990 and joined the Movement for Multiparty Democracy as vice - president of the party under Frederick Chiluba , who became president in 1991 . He fell out with Chiluba over his attempt to gain a third term in office in 2001 , and then formed the Forum for Democracy and Development ( FDD ) as a breakaway party , which he led until his death . He died on March 6 , 2009 in Lusaka .
David Haig - Thomas David Haig - Thomas ( 1 December 1908 – 6 June 1944 ) was a British ornithologist , explorer and rower who competed for Great Britain in the 1932 Summer Olympics . He was an army commando during the Second World War , and was killed in action during the Normandy Landings . Haig - Thomas was born in London and educated at Eton College and St John ' s College , Cambridge . In 1930 , 1931 and 1932 he was bowman of the winning Cambridge boats in the Boat Race . He was also bow of the eight that came fourth rowing for Great Britain at the 1932 Summer Olympics . In 1933 he went on an expedition to Abyssinia with his school contemporary Wilfred Thesiger to trace the route of the Awash River . In 1934 , he was the ornithologist on the Oxford University Ellesmere Land Expedition which was organised by Edward Shackleton with the main purpose of exploring northern Ellesmere Island and to map its coastline . The expedition was led by Gordon Noel Humphreys who was head surveyor . Other members of the expedition were Shackleton , photographer and biologist A . W . Moore ( sometimes listed as Morris ) , H . W . Stallworthy of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police , and geologist R . Bentham . With their Greenland Inuit guides , Inutuk and Nukapinguaq , they set up camp at Etah , Greenland in 1934 . After wintering Greenland in 1934 – 1935 , they sledged across Smith Sound and Ellesmere Islandand in spring 1935 . By the end of May 1935 the group had returned to Etah and reached England in late September the same year . In 1936 , Haig - Thomas led an ornithological expedition to Iceland . From 1937 – 1938 , he led a British Arctic Expedition in northwest Greenland and Ellesmere Island , accompanied by John Wright and Richard Hamilton . The expedition arrived at Qaanaaq in northwest Greenland in August 1937 . They left Etah in March 1938 , and crossed Ellesmere Island where they met up with the MacGregor Arctic Expedition . They then sledged to Amund Ringnes Island , Axel Heiberg Island and Haig - Thomas Island in the Canadian Arctic . They returned to Greenland and spent the summer of 1938 in Qaanaaq . Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War , Haig - Thomas was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Army Service Corps on 2 March 1940 . He then served in Iceland and East Greenland . In 1942 , he was part of Special Commando Boating Group , No . 14 Commando which was made up of Canadians and Norwegians . As well as Haig - Thomas , this included other polar explorers including Sir Peter Scott , Andrew Croft , Andrew Courtland and others . They specialised in using canoes and kayaks for limpet attacks in arctic waters . In 1944 in Operation Overlord he was in C Troop , No . 4 Commando . He was killed in action on D - Day in Normandy aged 35 , he is buried in the churchyard in the village of Bavent . Haig - Thomas married Nancy Catherine Bury , daughter of Major Lindsay Edward Bury .
HMS Queen Charlotte ( 1790 ) HMS " Queen Charlotte " was a 100 - gun first - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 15 April 1790 at Chatham . She was built to the draught of designed by Sir Edward Hunt , though with a modified armament . In 1794 the " Queen Charlotte " was the flagship of Admiral Lord Howe at the Battle of the Glorious First of June , and in 1795 she took part in the Battle of Groix . Fate . At about 6am on 17 March 1800 , whilst operating as the flagship of Vice - Admiral Lord Keith , " Queen Charlotte " was reconnoitring the island of Cabrera when she caught fire . Keith was not aboard at the time and observed the disaster from the shore . The fire was believed to have resulted from loose hay having been accidentally thrown on a match tub . Two or three American vessels lying at anchor off Leghorn were able to render valuable assistance , losing several men in the effort as the vessel ' s guns exploded in the heat . Captain A . Todd wrote several accounts of the disaster that he gave to sailors to give to the Admiralty should they survive . He himself perished with his ship . The crew was unable to extinguish the flames and at about 11am the ship blew up with the loss of 673 officers and men .
31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division The 31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division was formed from Germans , Hungarians and " Volksdeutsche " , mostly from the Bačka in September 1944 . The division is sometimes given the title " Batschka " . By November 1944 it was in action on the Hungarian Front In January 1945 it was sent to Austria and reformed as a type 45 Division ; only two Battalions in each Regiment and only three platoons in each Company . It then joined the 17th Army in Silesia where it was surrounded by the Red Army and surrendered near Hradec Králové in May 1945 .