naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Brazzaville Conference of 1944 After the Fall of France during World War II , and the alignment of many West African French colonies with the Free French , Charles de Gaulle recognized the need to revise the relationship between France and its colonies in Africa . In January 1944 , Free French politicians and high - ranking colonial officials from the French African colonies met in Brazzaville , the then capital of French Equatorial Africa . The Brazzaville Conference , as it came to be known , recommended political , social , and economic reforms . The declaration from the conference ( also referred to as the Brazzaville Declaration ) included the following points : However , the possibility of complete independence was soundly rejected . As de Gaulle stated :
Otto Drescher Otto Johann Drescher ( 5 October 1895 – 13 August 1944 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Otto Drescher died on 13 August 1944 in Memel .
Isaac Ferdinand Quinby Isaac Ferdinand Quinby ( January 29 , 1821 – September 18 , 1891 ) was a U . S . soldier and Union general during the American Civil War . Biography . He was born near Morristown , New Jersey in 1821 . He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point and graduated in 1843 , ranking 6 out of 39 classmates . His early service in the army was with the 2nd U . S . Artillery and later during the Mexican War he served in the 3rd U . S . Artillery . In 1852 he resigned from the army and moved to New York where he became professor of math and philosophy at Rochester University . When the Civil War began in 1861 , Quinby was appointed colonel of the 13th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment . He led his regiment into action at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 . In August that year he resigned from the army but on March 17 , 1862 was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and sent to the Western Theater of the Western Theater to command the Sub - district of Columbus . Shortly after his arrival in the West he was placed in command of the District of Mississippi where forces under his command captured Fort Pillow on May 22 , 1862 . After commanding various other districts , Quinby was placed in command of the 7th Division , XIII Corps . This division eventually became the 7th Division of James B . McPherson ’ s XVII Corps . In March 1863 Admiral David D . Porter and General Leonard F . Ross led the Yazoo Pass Expedition against Confederate - held Fort Pemberton . After the expedition had departed , Quinby ’ s division was sent out as reinforcements . Quinby met Ross and Porter on March 20 and learned the expedition had failed but convinced them to return and try again . The continuation resulted in two more unsuccessful artillery duels and the expedition ended for good on April 5 . During the expedition Quinby became ill and took a leave of absence and General Marcellus M . Crocker assumed command of the 7th Division . Having recovered , Quinby returned to duty on the morning of May 16 but it was deemed necessary for General Crocker to retain command of the division as they were deploying for battle at Champion Hill . Quinby agreed , concluding he was still in a feeble condition from the journey to rejoin the army . He did however remain on the field until the battle was decided only then did he officially assume command of the division . Quinby led his division during the May 22 assaults on Vicksburg . During the siege , on June 3 , Quinby ’ s health began to fail him again and went on another sick leave , only this time he would not return to field command . He returned to New York where he commanded a Draft Depot at Elmira , New York before he resigned from the army on December 31 , 1863 . Quinby returned to his position as professor at Rochester University in 1863 and taught there until 1884 . Later in life he served as a U . S . Marshal and author . He died in Rochester , New York in 1891 .
Château de Châlus - Chabrol The Château de Chalus - Chabrol ( Occitan Limousin : " Chasteu de Chasluç - Chabròl " ) is a castle in the " commune " of Châlus in the " département " of Haute - Vienne , France . The castle dominates the town of Châlus . It consists today of an isolated circular keep ( 12th century ) and a residential building constructed between the 11th and 13th centuries , enlarged in the 17th century . The castle protected the southern approach to Limoges and the north - south route between Paris and Spain , as well as the ancient east - west route linking the Mediterranean and the Atlantic . It is most famous for the death of Richard the Lionheart , who died there from a crossbow wound fired by one of the defenders called Betrand de Gurdon , while besieging the castle in 1199 . His entrails are buried in the castle chapel . The castle is also linked with Cesare Borgia . Château de Chalus - Chabrol has been listed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925 . The castle is open to visitors . External links . region region
Sher Shah ( VC ) Sher Shah Awan VC ( 14 February 1917 – 20 January 1945 ) was a British Indian Army soldier who received the Victoria Cross which is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Military career . He was the son of Barkhurdar and Makda ; husband of Mehr Bhari , from the village of Chakrala , about 30 km east from Mianwali , Punjab region that is now Pakistan . He was 27 years old , and a Lance Naik in the 7th Battalion of the 16th Punjab Regiment , in the Indian Army during World War II when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 19 / 20 January 1945 at Kyeyebyin , Kaladan , Burma ( now Myanmar ) , Lance Naik Sher Shah was commanding a left forward section of his platoon when it was attacked by overwhelming numbers of Japanese . He broke up two attacks by crawling right in among the enemy and shooting at point - blank range . On the second occasion he was hit and his leg shattered , but he maintained that his injury was only slight and when the third attack came , he again crawled forward engaging the enemy until he was shot through the head and killed . Sher Shah ' s Battalion 7 / 16 Punjab Regiment , affectionately known as " Saat Solah Punjab " is now a part of the Pakistan Army , proudly known as the " Sher Shah Battalion " .
HMCS Charlottetown ( 1941 ) HMCS " Charlottetown " was a Flower - class corvette that served the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War . " Charlottetown ' s " pennant number K244 is unique in that it was also used for HMCS " Charlottetown " , a River - class frigate . Background . Flower - class corvettes like " Belleville " serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different to earlier and more traditional sail - driven corvettes . The " corvette " designation was created by the French as a class of small warships ; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877 . During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s , Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class , needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity , in this case based on a whaling ship design . The generic name " flower " was used to designate the class of these ships , which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants . Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part , to better represent the people who took part in building them . This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W . Nelles . Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named . Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts , while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear . Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas . Construction . " Charlottetown " was laid down at Kingston Shipbuilding Ltd . , Kingston on 11 June 1941 and launched on 10 September of that year . She was commissioned into the RCN at Quebec City on 13 December and arrived at her homeport of Halifax , Nova Scotia on 18 December 1941 . Atlantic Service . " Charlottetown " served with the Western Local Escort Force ( WLEF ) until mid - July 1942 when she was transferred to the Gulf Escort Force ( GEF ) , serving in what is now referred to as the Battle of the St . Lawrence . She escorted Quebec City - Sydney convoys until her sinking . Sinking . " Charlottetown " was torpedoed and sunk on 11 September 1942 by " U - 517 " off Cap Chat in the St . Lawrence River along the northern shore of the Gaspé Peninsula . She had been returning to base with HMCS " Clayoquot " after escorting convoy SQ - 35 and was not zigzagging . She was struck aft by two torpedoes . She went down fast and though most of her crew got off the ship , some died in the water when her depth charges went off as she sank . Her captain , Lieutenant Commander John W . Bonner , RCNR and 8 other crew were killed out of her crew of 64 . The survivors were picked up by the " Clayoquot " .
Henry May ( VC ) Henry May VC ( 29 July 1885 – 26 July 1941 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Henry was born 29 July 1885 in Bridgeton , Glasgow , to William and Maggie May . He attended Dalmarnock Public School in Bridgeton and enlisted in the Army on 29 August 1902 at the age of seventeen . He served as a private in the 1st Battalion , The Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) , British Army during the First World War . Victoria Cross . On 22 October 1914 in France , May rescued the then Lieutenant , Douglas Alexander Graham . May dragged him 300 yds whilst under fire . Earlier in the same day May had voluntarily attempted a rescue of a heavily wounded man , who died before May could reach him . The citation was published in a supplement to the " London Gazette " of 16 April 1915 , dated 19 April 1915 , and read : War Office , 19th April , 1915 . His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve of the grant of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officer , Non - commissioned Officer and Men for their conspicuous acts of bravery and devotion to duty whilst serving with the Expeditionary Force : — No . 7504 Private Henry May , 1st Battalion , The Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) . For most conspicuous bravery near La Boutillerie , on 22nd October , 1914 , in voluntarily endeavouring to rescue , under very heavy fire , a wounded man , who was killed before he could save him , and subsequently , on the same day , in carrying a wounded Officer a distance of 300 yards into safety whilst exposed to very severe fire . Later life . Henry May later achieved the rank of Lieutenant in the Army Service Corps . He died on 26 July 1941 and is buried at Riddrie Park Cemetery , Glasgow , Section B , Lair 146 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Cameronians Regimental Museum in Hamilton , Scotland .
RMS Carinthia ( 1925 ) RMS " Carinthia " was first laid down in Barrow - in - Furness in 1924 with the yard number Hull 586 . Originally she had the name " Servia " but was renamed at the time of her launching on 24 February 1925 . She made her maiden voyage on 22 August 1925 from Liverpool to New York . At her launch she was the largest of the five post First World War intermediate size liners . Features . RMS " Carinthia " was noted for her comfortable accommodation in 3rd class . The dining room provided small tables for travelling parties of family and friends , an innovation at the time . There was also a smoking room and small library and a shop for the third class passengers needs . The first class restaurant was called the Adams room and had silver lamps on each table . The ship was also well equipped for sport with an arena that covered over two decks and included a swimming pool , gymnasium , racket courts and shower and bath rooms for massage treatments . On the “ A ” deck there was the 1st class smoke room which had been modelled after the house of El Greco , the Spanish painter , the room also contained an American bar . The first class lounge was furnished and decorated to represent the period of King William of Orange . Service . The " Carinthia " plied the $ 3 on the Liverpool - Boston - New York route . She was also used for cruising . In 1931 her passenger accommodation was altered . Instead of 1st , 2nd , and 3rd Classes , she now had Cabin Class , Tourist Class and 3rd Class . During 1933 she made a world cruise calling at 40 ports including Tristan da Cunha , ( known as the remotest island on the planet ) covering . In 1933 RMS " Carinthia " received an SOS from the Latvian steamer " Andromeda " which had struck an unknown submerged object . The incident had happened eighty miles from Ushant in the English Channel but " Carinthia " had been too far away to make a rescue and the ship sank . The crew of the steamer were rescued by the steamship " Hartside " . In 1934 she was transferred to the London – Le Havre – Southampton – New York route . From 1935 until 1939 she was reverted to New York and used for Winter cruising . Her hull was painted white with a green boot - topping for the cruising duties . In August 1939 she was converted into an armed merchant cruiser , retaining the name " Carinthia " . She was accepted into service on 30 December 1939 . At 13 . 13 hours on 6 June 1940 the " Carinthia " , on a northern patrol , was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland west of Galway Bay , in coordinates by the German submarine " U - 46 " . The badly damaged ship remained afloat for 36 hours before she sank during the evening of 7 June . Four people died during the sinking , two crew members and two ratings .
Bakshi Tirath Ram Vaid Sardar Bahadur Risaldar Major Bakshi Tirath Ram Vaid ( 1857 - 1924 ) , O . B . I , O . B . E . , Hony . Capt . was a decorated soldier of the British Indian Army . Family . Bakshi Tirath Ram Vaid was a Muhiyal belonging to the village of Dera Bakhshian . His father Sardar Bahadur Risaldar Major Bakshi Prem Singh Vaid , O . B . I . O . M . was a decorated soldier too , and the village of Prem Kot near Nankana Sahib is named after him . Bakshi Tirath Ram Vaid was elected president of All India Mohyal Conference of 1919 in Rawalpindi . Military career . He was awarded the Order of British Empire for gallantry displayed in the fierce battle of Malakand in 1897 , fought against a much larger force of Afghan tribesmen . Winston Churchill had also participated in the same battle . He was also rewarded with large tracts of agricultural land in District Lyallpur for his contributions .
Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho , 18th Count of Azevedo GCC , GCA ( 12 November 1871 – 27 June 1955 ) , was a Portuguese naval officer , politician and professor , at the University of Coimbra and later the " Escola Naval " ( Naval School ) . He was a member of the Portuguese Democratic Party and served as the President of the Council of Ministers ( Prime Minister ) for 7th government of the First Portuguese Republic ( having led the country between 12 December 1914 and 25 January 1915 ) . His government ' s composition was essentially made up of second - line political figures , and his government was jokingly referred to as " " Os miseráveis de Victor Hugo " " ( " The miserables of Victor Hugo " ) , a play on the French author Victor Hugo ' s book " Les Miserables " .
Future Indian minehunter class GSL / kangam Mine Counter Measure Vessels are series of eight naval ship jointly built by Goa Shipyard Limited and South Korea ’ s Kangnam Corporation for the Indian Navy . Background . In May 2004 , the Indian Ministry of Defense ( MOD ) approved a mine countermeasures vessel ( MCMV ) program . The plan was to procure up to eight MCMVs to replace the 12 existing Soviet - made Pondicherry / Karwar - class ocean minesweepers that had been in service for the last 25 to 30 years . An order was placed with Goa Shipyard Limited ( GSL ) for eight Mine countermeasures Vessels ( MCMVs ) . The hulls were to be made from " lightweight reinforced composites rather than steel to lower their acoustic and magnetic signatures and to better resist underwater explosions . " Hence a request for proposal ( RFP ) for construction and / or technology assistance was asked by Goa Shipyard Limited from builders Intermarine of Italy , Kangnam Corp . and IZAR of Spain . Kangnam and Intermarine were shortlisted for meeting technical requirements . Thereafter Kangnam bided a lower price and contracted the deal worth $ 670 million with Indian Ministry of Defense in 2011 . The first two MCMVs will be delivered by 2016 , followed by user trials and acceptance , while the remaining six will be built by Goa Shipyard Limited [ GSL ] under a Technology Transfer agreement by 2018 . Mine - hunting gear . As of 2011 RFPs for mine - hunting gear had been sent to Thales of Netherland , Atlas Elektronik of Germany , Fábrica de Artillería Bazán FABA of Spain and ECA SA of France . Indian public sector firm Bharat Electronics Ltd ( BEL ) was expected to supply the fire control radar for the vessel . BEL entered a joint venture with OTO Melara of Italy to supply 30mm guns .
Frank Hasse Frank Hasse was an Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) in the Waffen SS who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , on the 6th August 1944 , when in command of the 11th Company , 1st SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " LSSAH " . Hasse was killed on the 24 December 1944 at Petit Coo in Belgium during the Ardenness Offensive , by Guerrillas and is buried in the war graves cemetery Lommel . See also . Paul L . Bolden was awarded the Medal of Honor for killing 35 SS men at the same location as Hasse was reported killed .
Seventh Guerrilla Conference of the FARC - EP The Seventh Guerrilla Conference of the FARC - EP , was a 1982 meeting of FARC leadership which resulted in a major shift in FARC ' s strategy . Background and resolutions . FARC had historically been doing most of its fighting in rural areas , and was limited to small - scale confrontations with Colombian military forces . By 1982 , increased income from the " coca boom " allowed them to expand into an irregular army , which would then stage large scale attacks on Colombian troops . They also began sending fighters to Vietnam and the Soviet Union for advanced military training . They also planned to move closer to middle - sized cities , as opposed to only remote rural areas , and closer to areas rich in natural resources , in order to create a strong economic infrastructure . Name change . It was also at this conference that FARC added the initials " EP " , for " " Ejército del Pueblo " " or " People ' s Army " , to the organization ' s name .
Schneider - Creusot Schneider - Creusot , or Schneider et Cie , was a historic French iron and steel - mill which became a major arms manufacturer . After World War II , it evolved into Schneider Electric . Origins . In 1836 , iron ore mines and forges around Le Creusot were bought by Adolphe Schneider and his brother Eugène Schneider . They developed a business in steel , railways , armaments , and shipbuilding . The Creusot steam hammer was built in 1877 . Somua was a subsidiary ; it made machinery and vehicles , including the SOMUA S35 . Redirection . Starting in 1911 Jacques Schneider offered the Schneider Trophy : A competition for seaplanes , with a large and prestigious prize .
Cornet ( military rank ) Cornet was originally the third and lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry troop , after captain and lieutenant . A cornet is a new and junior officer . Traditional duties . The cornet carried the troop standard , also known as a " cornet " . The rank of " Cornet " was the equivalent of the infantry rank of ensign , and was one of the subaltern ranks ( along with lieutenant ) . History . The rank was in use by the time of the English Civil War . A few famous people in that war were Cornets George Joyce , Robert Stetson , and Ninian Beall . It was abolished at the same time that the purchase of commissions in the army was abolished in the Army Reform Act of 1871 and was replaced by Second Lieutenant . In practice , the style " Cornet " is still used for Second Lieutenants in the Blues and Royals and the Queen ' s Royal Hussars . The ranks of Ensign and Cornet were abolished in the US Army in the year 1800 . The rank also existed in other nation ' s cavalry troops , such as those of Sweden ( " Kornett " ) and Imperial Russia ( корнет ) , and by the Continental Army in the American War of Independence . General Alexander Macomb was initially commissioned a Cornet in a career in which he eventually became Commanding General of the United States Army . It is still used in the artillery and cavalry divisions of the Netherlands ( " Kornet " ) .
Mobarez Tank Mobarez ( Persian : مبارز ) meaning Warrior is an upgraded version of British Chieftain Tank by Iran . Changes . The chasis of the tank is changed in back and sides . The fuel tank is replaced by a new repairable one . The gear box is changed so the tank can have 360 degrees turret turn . Also additional anti shock systems are added to protect the internal sensitive electronic tools . They also added a laser targeting system to the tank . The engine is replaced by a more powerful one . And also night vision and infra - red systems are added . Production . Iran upgrades its chieftain tanks in Shahid Kolahduz Industrial Complex along with its T - 72 tanks .
Korean Service Corps The Korean Service Corps was an auxiliary civilian formation organised by the South Korean Army during the Korean War to provide labourers and porters to carry ammunition and supplies , supplementing the integral logistic elements of the US Eighth Army . Due to the nature of their employment on the frontline , they suffered numerous casualties . Formed on 25 July 1950 as an emergency measure , at its peak it had over 133 , 000 men , organised into three division s . Each division consisted for seven regiment s and was assigned in direct support to a formation , on a scale of one division for each corps . They also provided extensive support to British Commonwealth and other United Nations Command units . Today , the corps continues to exist as an unarmed , civilian paramilitary formation of the US Army , known as the " Korean Service Corps Battalion " . Its primary role is to augment the combat support and combat service support functions of US forces in Korea and is capable of being significantly expanded in the event of mobilisation in wartime .