naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Abercrombie - class monitor The " Abercrombie " class of monitor s served in the Royal Navy during the First World War . History . The four ships in this class came about when the contracted supplier of the main armament for the Greek battleship being built in Germany was unable to supply due to the British blockade . The company — Bethlehem Steel in the United States — instead offered to sell the four twin gun turret s to the Royal Navy on 3 November 1914 . The Royal Navy was using obsolete pre - dreadnought battleship s for shore bombardment in support of the army in Belgium , and a design for a shallow - draught warship ( known as " Monitors " ) suitable for shore - bombardment was quickly designed and built to use these turrets . The ships were laid down and launched within six months . The ships carried a single main gun turret forward of a tripod mast , which was itself in front of a single funnel . A secondary armament of two 12 - pounder ( 76 mm ) guns was fitted , with a single 3 - pounder ( 47 mm ) anti - aircraft gun and a 2 - pounder pom - pom completed the ships armament . The monitors had a box - like hull , with very bluff bow and stern , and were fitted with anti - torpedo bulge s . In order to speed construction , it was intended to use off - the shelf merchant ship engines , giving about , which were expected to drive the ships to . The rushed design , however , meant that the ships were much slower than expected — " Raglan " s engines gave but the ship could only reach . During the planning and build , they were to be the " Styx " - class named after four American figures ; General Ulysses S . Grant , General Robert E . Lee , Admiral David Farragut and General Stonewall Jackson . Because the United States was still a neutral power at that time , using these names would have been undiplomatic and so they were simply called " M1 " through " M4 " before receiving their final names . The design included a seaplane for spotting the guns , but it was found that land - based aircraft were more effective ; as monitors , they would never operate in the open sea , and storing the seaplane on top of the turret meant it had to be removed to avoid damage , even if not required before the guns could fire .
Yasuoka Detachment Yasuoka Detachment or Yasuoka Task Force , was an armored Japanese Imperial Army unit in 1939 . It was commanded by Lt . General Yasuoka Masaomi , composed of 3rd Armored Regiment and 4th Armored Regiment ( seventy - three tanks total ) , 64th Infantry Regiment / IJA 23rd Division , 2 / 28th Infantry Regiment / IJA 7th Division , the 2nd Battalion of the 13th Field Artillery Regiment , and 24th Independent Engineer Regiment . It was an armored Detachment of the Kwantung Army organized for the Japanese July 1939 offensive of the Battle of Khalkhin Gol . Yasuoka Task Force would attack Soviet forces on the Halha ' s east bank , north of the Holsten River while simultaneously , the main force of the IJA 23rd Division would eliminate Soviet forces on the east bank and then cross to the west bank of the Halha River and drive south to the Kawamata Bridge , destroying Soviet artillery batteries and supply dumps along the west bank . The link - up of the two pincer columns in the vicinity of the Kawamata Bridge would encircle the Soviet forces and then destroy them . The Japanese tank regiments operating on the east bank from July 2 , separated and not coordinating with each other or their attached infantry , engineers and artillery failed to break through the Soviet defenses resulting in the loss of half their armor . On July 9 the Yasuoka Task Force was dissolved , Lt . General Yasuoka Masaomi was relieved and the Armour regiments withdrawn .
Airman ' s Creed In 2007 , General T . Michael Moseley , Chief of Staff of the US Air Force , introduced the Airman ' s Creed . In a letter introducing the creed , Moseley wrote that one of his " top priorities " was to " reinvigorate the warrior ethos in every Airman of our Total Force . " Thus , the intent of the creed was to enhance the building of a warrior ethos among its Airmen and to provide Airmen a tangible statement of beliefs . The Airman ' s Creed reflects pride in the role of air , space and cyberspace power and the Air Force ' s commitment in supporting and defending the nation . The creed is fueled by the Air Force ' s heritage and , in the words of Moseley , " the warfighting - focused culture , conviction , character , ethic , mindset , spirit and soul we foster in all Airmen " . The creed has not been without controversy , as it supplanted all other creeds that the Air Force had been using ( the NCO Creed , SNCO Creed , the Chief ' s creed , the First Sergeant ' s Creed , etc . ) .
Battle of Peteroa Battle of Peteroa was a battle in the Arauco War in 1556 , in a place in a plain beside a river in the Mataquito River valley , called Peteroa . The battle was between the Spanish forces of Pedro de Villagra , and Mapuche headed by their toqui Lautaro . History . Following the destruction of Concepcion and Angol in 1554 the Mapuche suffered from the effects of a famine and an epidemic for two years . Meanwhile in the north the victories of Lautauro lead to uprisings by the previously subdued Promaucaes of Gualemo and the Picunche in the Aconcagua Valley but these were put down . In 1556 , the Promauces sent a message to the Mapuche of Arauco promising food to support their army and warriors to join it in a war against the Spanish in Santiago . In May 1556 Lautaro was able to lead a force north of the Bio Bio River expecting to instigate a rebellion there among subjugated Mapuche north of that river and the Promaucaes north of the Itata River . Lautaro began recruiting warriors among these people , conquered by Pedro Valdivia years before , who were now inspired to revolt by the previous successes of Lautaro . Lautaro lead his force of Mapuche to the north towards Santiago . After crossing the Maule River he encamped near modern Teno , at a place called Peteroa . But when he entered the places subject to Santiago , he began taking reprisals against the Promaucaes who refused to join him , doing great damage and depopulating the land . Spanish and Indian refugees fled to the city for aid and protection . After he was victorious over the first probe from Santiago of twenty Spanish horsemen under Diego Cano , Lautaro built an earthen fort around his camp flooding the land around it to hamper the Spaniards from attacking it . Later a larger force under Pedro de Villagra sent from Santiago clashed with Lautaro ' s army in and around their fortress in Peteroa over a few days , killing 500 of their number for the loss of two Spaniards but were not able to take the position . However the losses in the battle and the approach of Spanish reinforcements persuaded Lautaro to retire towards the Maule River with the intention of establishing himself there . However a Spanish cavalry detachment under Juan Godíñez , caught and nearly destroyed a detachment of his army there , persuading Lautaro to move further south beyond the Itata River to recover his strength .
I Cavalry Corps ( Grande Armée ) I Cavalry Corps ( Grande Armée ) was a French military formation that existed during the Napoleonic Wars . For one month in 1806 – 1807 , Emperor Napoleon split his Reserve Cavalry Corps into the I and II Cavalry Corps . At that time , Marshal Joachim Murat took command of the short - lived I Cavalry Corps before resuming leadership over Napoleon ' s Reserve Cavalry when the experiment ended . The I Cavalry Corps was not recreated until 1812 for the French invasion of Russia when command was exercised by Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty . The formation fought at Borodino and Tarutino . After being destroyed during the retreat from Russia , I Cavalry Corps was reconstituted in 1813 and Marie Victor de Fay , marquis de Latour - Maubourg was appointed to lead it . The corps fought at Lutzen , Bautzen , Dresden , and Leipzig . At Leipzig , Latour - Maubourg was seriously wounded and replaced by Jean - Pierre Doumerc who led the corps for the remainder of the War of the Sixth Coalition which ended with Napoleon ' s abdication in 1814 . After Napoleon returned from exile and retook power in France in 1815 , the main French army was baptised Armée du Nord . The army included a I Cavalry Corps led by Pierre Claude Pajol which fought at Ligny and Wavre , while one detached division fought at Waterloo .
33rd Air Division ( United States ) The 33rd Air Division ( 33d AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command , assigned to First Air Force , being stationed at Fort Lee Air Force Station , Virginia . It was inactivated on 19 November 1969 . History . The 33d Air Division had air defense responsibility for an area encompassing Oklahoma , Arkansas , Texas , Louisiana , and parts of Kansas , Missouri , and Mississippi in March 1951 . Later , in 1966 , its area changed to cover parts of North Carolina , South Carolina , and Virginia . Assumed additional designation of 33d NORAD Region after activation of the NORAD Combat Operations Center at Cheyenne Mountain , Colorado and reporting was transferred to NORAD from ADC at Ent AFB in April 1966 . The division supervised , administered , and trained its assigned units and , in doing so , participated in numerous live and simulated exercises .
George Napier Tomlin Vice Admiral George Napier Tomlin CMG , MVO ( 1875 – 1947 ) was a British naval officer . Private life . In 1911 , when Commander George Napier Tomlin was with the " Medina " , his engagement was announced in " The Sketch " to Miss Violet Seymour Osborne . Career . George Napier Tomlin went straight to sea from HMS " Britannia " , and was in two actions ashore on the west coast of Africa as a 17 - year - old midshipman . In 1911 - 12 he navigated HMS " Medina " , with King George V and Queen Mary on board , to India and back for the 1911 Delhi Durbar , for which he received the MVO . After the Armistice he was given command of an Allied squadron in the Black Sea , which was responsible for seeing that the terms of the Armistice were carried out . For his services in this connection , he was awarded the CMG . Subsequently he commanded the battleship HMS " Canada " , built for the Chilean navy , and later handed over to them . His experience during that transaction led to his being ‘ lent ’ to the Chilean Navy for two years to found a Naval War College after a period on the staff of the corresponding organization at Greenwich . He commanded the " Malaya " in the Mediterranean , was promoted to Rear - Admiral in 1927 and lent to the Egyptian Government for seven years with the titles of Admiral and Pasha . He retired in 1934 . His service record is as follows : Medals . Tomlin ' s medals were put up for sale in 2007 , and described as follows : Parts of his uniform have also been put up for sale , described as follows :
442d Bombardment Squadron The 442d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 320th Bombardment Wing , stationed at March Air Force Base , California . It was inactivated on 15 September 1960 . History . Established in mid - 1942 as a B - 26 Marauder medium bomber group . Trained under Third Air Force in Florida , deployed to England under the VIII Air Support Command , 3d Bombardment Wing . Operated against targets on the continent during early fall of 1942 ; deployed to North Africa as part of Twelfth Air Force after Operation Torch landings in Algeria in November . Flew tactical bombing missions against Axis forces in North Africa until the end of the Tunisian Campaign in May 1943 . Participated in the Sicilian and Italian Campaigns ; liberation of Corsica and Sardinia and the Invasion of Southern France . Supported Allied ground forces in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany , spring 1945 and becoming part of the United States Air Forces in Europe Army of Occupation in Germany , fall 1945 . Personnel demobilized in Germany and the squadron inactivated as a paper unit in December 1945 . Reactivated in the reserves in 1947 . Never manned or equipped . Reactivated in 1952 as a B - 47 Stratojet squadron . Initially equipped with prototypes of the Boeing RB - 47B Stratojet ( YRB - 47 ) to perform long - range photo - reconnaissance with a flight of B - 29 Superfortress bombers assigned . In November 1953 began to receive production B - 47E medium bomber aircraft ; prototype reconnaissance aircraft already received exchanged for medium bomber versions . Participated in SAC REFLEX deployments to Europe and North Africa throughout the 1950s . Inactivated in 1960 as part of the phaseout of the B - 47 , aircraft sent to storage at Davis - Monthan .
USS Tonawanda ( 1864 ) USS " Tonawanda " was a double - turreted coastal monitor built by the Philadelphia Navy Yard , launched on 6 May 1864 ; and commissioned on 12 October 1865 , Commander William Ronckendorff in command . The " Tonawanda " was designed by Chief of Naval Engineering John Lenthall . Lenthall actually designed four monitors at that time . The and the were the first and are considered the two " Monadnock " - class vessels . Lenthall altered the designs of the next two , the and the " Tonawanda " and dubbed them the " Miantonomoh " - class . Because of the similarities between the two classes they are sometimes referred to collectively as the " Miantonomoh " - class . The " Tonawanda " used powerful steam engines designed by Chief of Steam Engineering , Benjamin F . Isherwood . Her hull design was also much more streamlined than monitors designed by John Ericsson . Unfortunately , her internal frames were only 4 . 5 in oak and like Lenthall ' s conversion , the weight of her turrets weakened the structural integrity of the hull and she was prone to rotting and cracking . Service history . Completed too late for service in the Civil War , " Tonawanda " was decommissioned at the Washington Navy Yard on 22 December 1865 . Reactivated on 23 October 1866 for duty as a training ship at the United States Naval Academy , she was serving in that capacity when she was renamed Amphitrite on 15 June 1869 . Her assignment at Annapolis , MD ended in 1872 , and she was taken to the Delaware River and broken up in 1873 and 1874 by the Harlan and Hollingsworth Co . , Wilmington , DE under the guise of being " rebuilt " into a modern monitor . The completely new monitor that replaced her was also named , but shared nothing but the name with the older ship .
Phineas Lyman Phineas Lyman ( 1716 – 1774 ) was a colonial American soldier known for his service in the provincial British army of the French and Indian War . He later led a group of New England veterans of the war to settle in the new colony of West Florida where he died shortly before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War . He earned a reputation as the most experienced colonial American officer during the war . Early life . Lyman was born at Durham , Connecticut . He graduated at Yale in 1738 , was a tutor there until 1741 , studied law and began practice at Suffield ( which was then within the boundaries of Massachusetts ) . In 1749 he advocated the annexation of Suffield from Massachusetts . From 1749 to 1755 he was a member of the upper chamber of the Connecticut Legislature . French and Indian War . In March , 1755 he was appointed a major general and was made commander in chief of the Connecticut militia force of 1000 men , which participated in the unsuccessful expedition against Crown Point . At the Battle of Lake George ( 8 September 1755 ) , after Sir William Johnson suffered a slight wound , Lyman took command of the forces and repulsed the attack of the French and Indians . He was for a time in 1757 in command of Fort Edward , and in 1758 commanded the Connecticut forces in the expedition of General Abercrombie which resulted in the disastrous repulse at Ticonderoga . The following year he was with Lord Amherst at the capture of Crown Point and Ticonderoga and in 1760 took part in the expeditions to Oswego and Montreal . In 1762 he commanded the colonial contingent of Lord Albemarle ' s army in the capture of Havana . Later life . In 1763 , he went to England where he remained until 1772 , endeavoring to obtain a grant of land for himself and other New England veterans in the newly created colony of West Florida . A tract near Natchez ( now Mississippi ) was granted by royal charter in 1772 . Lyman led a band of settlers to the region in 1773 . He died the following year and was buried near to the Big Black River in West Florida . When the American War broke out in 1775 , West Florida was one of the colonies which remained loyal to the crown . In the post - war Peace of Paris it was transferred to Spanish control .
Ministry of Defense ( Argentina ) The Ministry of Defense of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that deals with everything related to the country national defense . It currently works at the Libertador Building , at Paseo Colón 250 , Buenos Aires . As of December 2010 the minister of Defense is Arturo Puricelli . History . Traditionally the minister of Defense , as the Joint chiefs of Staff ( ) which traces back its origin to 1948 had a minor role in all armed forces activities relegating key decisions to the respectives chiefs of staff A great change came into effect on June 12 , 2006 when President Néstor Kirchner brought into force the Defence Law , which had been passed in 1988 as a means to modernize the doctrine of the armed forces and define their role , though successive governments had failed to put it into effect . The law states that the armed forces will only be used against foreign aggression , and reduces the powers of the heads of the armed services , centralizing whole operational and acquisitions decisions under the authority of the minister of Defense through the Armed Forces Joint General Staff emphasizing Jointness Budget . Usd $ 3 Billion ( 2011 )
Satellite Data System The Satellite Data System ( SDS ) is a system of United States military communications satellites . At least three generations have been used : SDS - 1 from 1976 to 1987 ; SDS - 2 from 1989 to 1996 ; SDS - 3 from 1998 to the present . SDS satellites have a highly elliptical orbit , going from about 300 kilometers at perigee to roughly 39 , 000 km at apogee in order to allow communications with polar stations that cannot contact geosynchronous satellites . The high apogee meant that the polar regions were visible for long amounts of time , and only two satellites were required in order to achieve constant communications ability . In addition , two geostationary satellites appear to be part of the system . The SDS satellites were constructed by Hughes Aircraft . The primary purpose of the SDS satellites is to relay imagery from low - flying reconnaissance satellites , notably the Keyhole optic reconnaissance and Lacrosse / Onyx radar reconnaissance satellites to ground stations in the United States . The SDS - 2 is significantly more massive at 5150 pounds ( 2335 kg ) , with three separate communication dishes , including one for a K band downlink . Two dishes are 15 feet ( 4 . 5 meters ) in diameter , while the third is 6 . 6 feet ( 2 m ) in diameter . The solar arrays generate 1238 watts of power . It is believed that the Space Shuttle has been used to launch several satellites , possibly on missions STS - 28 , STS - 38 , and STS - 53 . Other launches have used the Titan - 4 rocket . " Quasar " is the rumored code name for the communications satellite .
Şükrü Âli Ögel Şükrü Âli Ögel ( 1886 – 1973 ) was a Turkish military officer and the first director of the former Turkish governmental intelligence agency Milli Emniyet Hizmeti ( MAH ) ( National Security Service ) , the predecessor of Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı ( MİT ) today . Born 1886 in Istanbul , he attended the military academy and joined the Ottoman army on August 13 , 1909 in the rank of a second lieutenant . Şükrü Âli served as a staff officer in the West Front during the Turkish War of Independence . He took part in the foundation of the intelligence organization Milli Emniyet Hizmeti , and was appointed on December 25 , 1926 its first director . He retired from the military service on December 22 , 1936 as he was in the rank of a colonel , kept but his position at the MAH . On May 25 , 1937 , Şükrü Âli Ögel entered the Turkish Grand National Assembly as the deputy of Istanbul . With the approval of the prime minister , he continued his position as chief of the intelligence agency beside his membership in the parliament . He quit from the MAH on July 7 , 1941 after a dispute with the Prime minister Refik Saydam . He died on June 1 , 1973 .
HMCS Vimy HMCS " Vimy " was one of twelve Battle class naval trawlers used by the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) . Named after the Battle of Vimy Ridge , she was built by Polson Iron Works , in Toronto , Ontario , and was commissioned on 13 November 1917 . Decommissioned on 30 November 1918 , she was subsequently transferred to the Department of Marine and Fisheries , which converted her into a lightship , like sister ships , , and . Eventually designated Lightship No . 5 , " Vimy " was probably broken up in around 1958 .
Robert Walmsley Vice - Admiral Sir Robert Walmsley KCB , FREng , FRSA , FIET ( b . 1 February 1941 ) was Chief of Defence Procurement at the UK Ministry of Defence from 1996 to 2003 , and is a retired Vice - Admiral in the Royal Navy . Early career . Robert Walmsley was born in Aberdeen in 1941 and was educated at Fettes College in Edinburgh . He joined the Royal Navy as a Dartmouth Cadet in 1958 and went on to read Mechanical Sciences at Queens ' College , Cambridge , before taking up a range of seagoing appointments , mainly in submarines , developing an expertise in nuclear propulsion . During his naval career he was at times Chairman of the Naval Nuclear Technical Safety Panel and Director General , Submarines . For three years , he was the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff for Communications , Command , Control and Information Systems . His final naval appointment ( 1994 ) was as Controller of the Navy and member of the Navy Board as a Vice Admiral . He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) in 1995 . Sir Robert is a former Cambridge Blue , having coxed the light blue boat to victory in the 108th Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race in 1962 . He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering , the Royal Society of Arts , and the Institution of Engineering and Technology ( IET ) , and is an Honorary DSc of Cranfield University . Chief of Defence Procurement . After retiring from the Navy , he held the position of Chief of Defence Procurement at the UK Ministry of Defence ( MoD ) from 1996 until his retirement on 30 April 2003 . He retired from the Her Majesty ' s Civil Service after serving longer in the Defence Procurement post than any of his predecessors . During Sir Robert ' s period in post he led the transformation of the procurement organisation into the Defence Procurement Agency ( DPA , now Defence Equipment and Support ) and made numerous appearances as a witness to Parliamentary Select Committees . Related . HMS " Sutherland " was launched by Lady Christina Walmsley , wife of Sir Robert , in 1996 . This launch made naval history since Lady Walmsley broke with tradition and used a bottle of Macallan Whisky ; up until this time Royal Navy ships had always been launched with a bottle of champagne .
HMS Agincourt ( 1796 ) HMS " Agincourt " was a 64 - gun third - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 23 July 1796 at Blackwall Yard , London . She was bought from the East India Company in 1796 , where she had been called " Earl Talbot " . " Agincourt " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September , which qualified her officers and crew for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorized in 1850 to all surviving claimants . She was decommissioned in 1809 and converted to a prison ship in 1812 , before being broken up in 1814 .