naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
British V - class submarine The British V class submarine ( officially " " U - Class Long hull 1941 – 42 program " " ) was a class of submarines built for the Royal Navy during World War II . 42 vessels were ordered to this design , all to be built by Vickers - Armstrong at either Barrow - in - Furness or at Walker - on - Tyne , but only 22 were completed . Note that 7 of these vessels received ' U ' names ( conversely , 4 of the ' U ' class had received names beginning with ' V ' ) . The V - class submarines were very similar to the preceding U - class ( short - hull ) boats , of which they constituted a linear development , but had 3 / 4 " pressure hull plating instead of 1 / 2 " for deeper diving , also a lengthened stern and fining at the bows to reduce noise and improve underwater handling . They were sometimes referred to as " Vampire " - class submarines after HMS " Vampire " . Ships . The vessels which were ordered are shown below in their programme order ( not all completed construction ) : The first eight vessels were ordered on 5 December 1941 under that year ' s programme . The next eighteen vessels were ordered on 21 May 1942 under that year ' s programme , but six of these were cancelled in early 1944 . A further six vessels were ordered on 17 November 1942 under the same year ' s programme , but four of these were cancelled on 23 January 1944 . Finally , a further ten vessels were ordered under the 1943 Programme , but all of these were cancelled on 20 November 1943 ; eight of these were never given names .
HMS Chichester ( 1695 ) HMS " Chichester " was an 80 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Chatham Dockyard on 6 March 1695 . She underwent a rebuild in 1706 at Woolwich Dockyard . " Chichester " served until 1749 , when she was broken up . Tobias Smollett , later to become a well - known writer , served as a naval surgeon on the Chichester .
Oscar Marion Oscar Marion was an American slave and Revolutionary War militiaman . Oscar Marion was the servant of General Francis Marion ( 1732 – 1795 ) , the legendary " Swamp Fox . " In December 2006 , Oscar Marion was recognized as an " African American Patriot " in a ceremony at the U . S . Capitol , and a proclamation signed by President George W . Bush expressed the appreciation of a " grateful nation " for Oscar Marion ' s " devoted and selfless consecration to the service of our country in the Armed Forces of the United States . " It is believed that , following custom , Oscar was made to take the last name of his owner , and he was one of perhaps 200 slaves ( many with the last name of Marion ) who served Francis Marion . But there may have been a close personal connection between the general and his slave , as some accounts of the general comment on the constant companionship and " faithfulness " of his servant Oscar , according to genealogist Tina C . Jones , a descendant of some of Francis Marion ' s slaves . It is believed that Oscar Marion appears in at least one painting of the general . " General Marion Inviting a British Officer to Share His Meal , " shows an African American male only a few feet from Francis , kneeling at a fire and roasting sweet potato es as he warily surveys the red - coated officer . In the December 2006 ceremony , President George W . Bush and several congressmen recognized the image as representing Oscar Marion . The painting appeared on Confederate banknotes issued in South Carolina . It currently hangs in the third - floor corridor of the Senate Wing of the U . S . Capitol . Following his seven years of service with Gen . Marion in the Revolutionary War , Oscar Marion likely returned with the general to Francis Marion ' s large Berkeley County , S . C . , plantation . There is no evidence that Oscar ever married or had children . Popular culture . In the Walt Disney TV miniseries " The Swamp Fox " ( 1959 – 61 ) , Jordan " Smoki " Whitfield played Oscar Marion opposite Leslie Nielsen ' s Gen . Francis Marion . Whitfield sang the series ' theme song , adding new verses in each of the eight installments to chronicle the characters ' latest adventures
Thomas J . Henderson ( politician ) Thomas Jefferson Henderson ( November 29 , 1824 – February 6 , 1911 ) was a U . S . Representative from Illinois . Biography . Born in Brownsville , Tennessee , Henderson moved with his parents to Illinois at the age of eleven . He served as clerk of the Board of Commissioners of Stark County , Illinois from 1847 to 1849 . and as clerk of the court of Stark County from 1849 to 1853 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Toulon , Illinois . Henderson served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives in 1855 and 1856 and then as a member of the Illinois Senate ( 1857 – 1860 ) . He entered the Union Army in 1862 as colonel of the One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment , Illinois Volunteer Infantry and fought in the Knoxville and Atlanta campaigns being wounded in the battle of Resaca . He commanded the Third Brigade , Third Division , Twenty - third Army Corps , from August 12 , 1864 . He was brevet ted brigadier general in January 1865 and led his brigade at the battle of Wilmington . With the war ' s end , Henderson resumed the practice of law and moved to Princeton , Illinois , in 1867 . He was appointed collector of internal revenue for the fifth district of Illinois in 1871 . Henderson was elected as a Republican to the Forty - fourth and to the nine succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1875 – March 3 , 1895 ) . He served as chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs ( Forty - seventh Congress ) , and of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors ( Fifty - first Congress ) . He also served as chairman of the Republican conference in the House . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1894 . He was appointed to the board of managers for the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in 1896 . He was appointed civilian member on the Board of Ordnance and Fortifications in 1900 and served until his death in Washington , D . C . on February 6 , 1911 . He was interred in Oakland Cemetery in Princeton , Illinois .
39th Military Airlift Squadron The 39th Military Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 436th Military Airlift Wing , Military Airlift Command , stationed at Dover Air Force Base , Delaware . It was inactivated on 31 March 1971 . History . Activated in 1942 to ferry newly - manufactured combat aircraft to combat units deployed overseas . Primarily flew B - 25 and B - 26 medium bombers to Southwest Pacific Area , however also ferried aircraft to Africa for units assigned to the North African Campaign and European Theater of Operations . Inactivated in October 1943 during realignment of Ferrying Command to Air Transport Command . Reactivated in 1954 under Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) , operated C - 124 Globemaster II aircraft on a worldwide scale from Dover AFB , Delaware . Upgraded to C - 133A Cargomaster heavy - lift strategic transports in 1957 , and continued global strategic airlift operations . Reassigned to Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) in 1966 after inactivation of MATS , continued operations until retirement of C - 133s in 1971 then inactivated .
John Plaster Major John L . Plaster ( born 1949 ) is a retired U . S . Army Special Forces soldier regarded as one of the leading sniper experts in the world . A decorated Vietnam War veteran who served in the covert Studies and Observations Group ( SOG ) , Plaster co - founded a renowned sniper school that trains military and law enforcement personnel in highly specialized sniper tactics . He is the author of " The Ultimate Sniper : An Advanced Training Manual for Military and Police Snipers " , " The History of Sniping and Sharpshooting " , and " Secret Commandos : Behind Enemy Lines with the Elite Warriors of SOG " , a memoir of his 3 years of service with SOG . Biography . Plaster graduated from high school in 1967 . He was trained as a communications sergeant in the Special Forces . He served three combat tours in Vietnam as a member of SOG , leading intelligence - gathering and recon teams in North Vietnamese Army - controlled areas of Laos and Cambodia and along the Ho Chi Minh Trail . He was wounded once , and decorated four times , eventually receiving a field commission in recognition of his combat experience . He retired from the military at the rank of Major . Plaster parlayed his military experience into becoming a sniping instructor to members of many U . S . governmental agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation , the United States Customs Service , the United States Marshals , Navy SEALs and United States Marine Corps . Foreign units that have attended the school include the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Spanish Foreign Legion . Since 1993 , Plaster has been a precision rifle instructor at the Gunsite Training Center in Paulden , Arizona . He was recently Chief of Competition for Autauga Arms ' s U . S . and European sniping championships . Plaster holds a BA in Journalism from the University of Minnesota . Plaster ' s experiences serve as the basis for the video game " Call of Duty : Black Ops " .
INS Mysore ( 1939 ) INS " Mysore " was a Fiji class cruiser commissioned in the Indian Navy in 1957 . She was acquired from the Royal Navy , where she served in World War II as . " Mysore " was the second cruiser to be purchased by independent India . She was commissioned into the Indian Navy in August 1957 . The crest for " Mysore " depicted the mythological double - headed eagle Gandaberunda from the coat of arms of the former Mysore state . The ship ' s motto " Na bibheti kadachana " was taken from the Taittiriya Upanishad . In 1959 , " Mysore " collided with the Royal Navy destroyer , severely damaging " Hogue " s bow . In 1969 , she collided with the destroyer " INS Rana " resulting in the latter being decommissioned and again in 1972 with the frigate " INS Beas " . INS " Mysore " served as a crucibile of training . On her several Indian naval officers earned their stripes as her successive commanding officers . In 1971 she served as the flagship of the Western Fleet of the Indian Navy and led the missile attack on Karachi harbour in December 1971 . Later in her life from 1975 onwards " Mysore " served as a training cruiser for naval cadets . " Mysore " was decommissioned on August 20 , 1985 and scrapped .
Sedd el Bahr Sedd el Bahr ( in modern Turkish , Seddülbahir , meaning " Key of the Sea " in Arabic ) is a village in the district of Eceabat , Çanakkale Province , Turkey . It is located at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey . The village lies east of the cape , on the shore of the Dardanelles . It was the site of V Beach , the landing zone for two Irish battalion s , including one from the SS " River Clyde " , on 25 April 1915 during the Battle of Gallipoli in World War I . At the tip of the Sedd el Bahr promontory is the castle , " Sedd el Bahr Kale " , also known as " Eski Kale " ( " Old Castle " ) which was built in 1659 . The British designated the castle " Fort No . 3 " ( at the other end of V Beach was " Fort No . 1 " , also known as Fort Ertugrul ) and it was equipped with 10 artillery pieces , including two 28 cm Krupp L / 22 guns . The castle was bombarded by the Royal Navy on 3 November 1914 causing serious damage and killing 86 Turkish soldiers . The British attacked the Turkish forts on 19 February 1915 at the start of the naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign . Sedd el Bahr was subjected to repeated bombardment and raids by naval demolition teams and the position was deemed too exposed . By the peak of naval operations on 18 March , Sedd el Bahr and Kum Kale , across the straits , had been eliminated as threats . Sedd el Bahr is mentioned in the classic Irish song The Foggy Dew , second verse : " It was better to die ' neath an Irish sky than at Suvla or Sud el Bar . " Today , the population of Sedd el Bahr village is 286 , as of 2011 .
Amanullah Jahanbani Sepahbod ( Lieutenant General ) Amanollah Jahanbani ( 1895 – 1974 ) ( ) was a member of the Qajar dynasty and a senior general of Reza Shah Pahlavi . Early life and education . Jahanbani was born in 1895 . He was the great grandson of Fath Ali Shah . At the age of 10 , Jahānbāni was sent to St . Petersburg for schooling , and returned to Iran as a ranked military officer in World War I . Career . During a second trip , after completing his studies in Europe , Jahanbani became major general in the Armed Forces . He was appointed the chief of the staff with the rank of brigadier general at the beginning of the 1920s . In 1928 , he led the army in Balochistan attack to control the resistance . His path of success continued until 1938 , when he fell out of favor and was suddenly thrown into the Qasr prison by Reza Shah Pahlavi . However , in 1941 he was interior minister . With Reza Shah ' s abdication during World War II , his political life saw some luck again and he was appointed to the Senate during the era of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi where he served during five consecutive periods . Personal life and death . Jahanbani married twice . He had nine children . His first wife , Helen Kasminsky , bore him four children ; Nader , Parviz , Khosrow , and Mehr Moneer . Nader became the deputy head of the Imperial Iranian Air Force , Parviz was an officer in the Imperial Iranian Marines , and Khosrow is the husband of Shahnaz Pahlavi . Amanullah is the father - in - law of Captain Nasrollah Amanpour , the father of CNN journalist Christiane Amanpour . Jahanbani died at the age of 83 .
List of Union Army officers educated at the United States Military Academy The United States Military Academy ( USMA ) is an undergraduate college in West Point , New York that educates and commissions officers for the United States Army during the American Civil War . This list is drawn from alumni of the Military Academy who served as general officer s in the Union Army ( US Army ) . This includes William Tecumseh Sherman ( class of 1840 ) , Abner Doubleday ( class of 1842 ) , Ulysses S . Grant ( class of 1843 ) , George Crook ( class of 1852 ) , Philip Sheridan ( class of 1853 ) . This also includes six recipients of the Medal of Honor : Rufus Saxton ( class of 1849 ) , Eugene Asa Carr ( class of 1850 ) , John Schofield ( class of 1853 ) , Oliver O . Howard ( class of 1854 ) , Alexander S . Webb ( class of 1855 ) , and Adelbert Ames ( class of 1861 ) .
Dance - class trawler The Dance class vessels of World War II were armed trawlers of the Royal Navy . They were used for anti - submarine ( A / S ) and minesweeping work and were nearly identical to the Isles class trawler s , of which they are usually considered a subclass . One Dance class trawler ( " Sword Dance " ) was a war loss , and one ( " Saltarelo " ) was transferred to Portugal in 1945 . Four were transferred to Italy in 1946 : " Gavotte , Hornpipe , Minuet " and " Two Step " . None remained in service with the Royal Navy by the end of 1946 .
Debellatio The term " Debellatio " ( also debellation ) ( Latin " defeating , or the act of conquering or subduing " , literally , " " warring " ( the enemy ) down " , from Latin " bellum " " war " ) designates the end of a war caused by complete destruction of a hostile state . In some cases " debellation " ends with a complete dissolution and annexation of the defeated state into the victor ' s national territory , as happened at the end of the Third Punic War with the defeat of Carthage by Rome in the 2nd century BC . The unconditional surrender of the Third Reich — in the strict sense only the German Armed Forces ( " Wehrmacht " ) — at the end of World War II was at the time accepted by most authorities as a case of " debellatio " as it ended with the complete breakup of the German Reich , including all offices , and two German states being created in its stead ( Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic ) . Other authorities have argued against that , as most of the territory that made up Germany before the Anschluss was not annexed , and the population still existed , the vestiges of the German state continued to exist even though the Allied Control Council governed the territory ; and that eventually a fully sovereign German government resumed over a state that never ceased to exist . The Federal Republic of Germany sees itself as the legal successor of the Third Reich .
Creepback Creepback ( or Creep - back ) is the tendency of bomber aircraft using optical bombsight s to release their weapons aimed at target markers before time , leading to a gradual spread backwards along the bombing path of the concentration of bombing . It was a particularly noted phenomenon of the Royal Air Force ' s Bomber Command night attacks during World War II . The most dangerous time of a bombing raid in World War II was during the bombing run , the approach to the target . The bomber pilot was required to hold the aircraft straight and level , unable to take evasive action in the face of fierce enemy air defences over the target , including searchlights , night fighter s and anti - aircraft fire . The temptation was strong for the bomber crew to ' flinch ' and release their bombs slightly before reaching the target indicator flares that marked the aiming point . The fires started by the short bombs tended to be used as an aiming point by subsequent crews , who in turn also dropped their bomb loads slightly short . The result was that " the bombing inevitably crept back along the line of the bomb run . " The problem was further exacerbated by the need to re - mark the target with flares as the original markers were extinguished or hidden by smoke and flame . The marker aircraft were also susceptible to Creepback , which accelerated the effect on subsequent waves of bombers . The RAF could find no effective counter to the problem of Creepback , and eventually incorporated it into their mission planning . The initial aiming point for a bombing raid would be set on the far side of the target as the bomber stream approached , allowing the bombing pattern to ' creep back ' across the target , which was usually an industrial or residential district of a city . Creepback may not have been so pronounced during American day bombing raids , because the large , tightly - packed American bomber formations dropped their bombs together when the formation leader ' s aircraft bombed . In the British bomber stream tactic , by contrast , each aircraft bombed independently while flying at a set height and course .
USS Sealion ( SS - 195 ) USS " Sealion " ( SS - 195 ) , a " Sargo " - class submarine , was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the sea lion , any of several large , eared seals native to the Pacific . Her keel was laid down on 20 June 1938 by the Electric Boat Company of Groton , Connecticut . She was launched on 25 May 1939 sponsored by Mrs . Claude C . Bloch , and commissioned on 27 November 1939 , Lieutenant J . K . Morrison Jr . in command . Service history . Following shakedown , " Sealion " , assigned to Submarine Division 17 ( SubDiv 17 ) , prepared for overseas deployment . In the spring of 1940 , she sailed , with her division for the Philippine Islands , arriving at Cavite in the fall to commence operations as a unit of the Asiatic Fleet . Into October 1941 , she ranged from Luzon into the Sulu Archipelago , then , with another submarine of her division , now SubDiv 202 , she prepared for a regular overhaul at the Cavite Navy Yard . By 8 December , her yard period had begun ; and , two days later , she took two direct hits in the Japanese air raid which demolished the navy yard . The first bomb struck the after end of her conning tower and exploded outside the hull , over the control room . The second smashed through a main ballast tank and the pressure hull to explode in the after engine room , killing the four men then working there . In addition , one crewman died while a POW . " Sealion " flooded immediately and settled down by the stern with 40 % of her main deck underwater and a 15 degree list to starboard . The destruction of the navy yard made repairs impossible , and she was ordered destroyed . All salvageable equipment was taken off , depth charge s were placed inside , and on 25 December , the explosives were set off to prevent her from being made useful to the enemy . The Sea Lion in Popular Culture . The sinking of the Sea Lion was incorporated as a part of the plot of the 1959 Cary Grant film Operation Petticoat , where the fictional submarine Sea Tiger , also based at Cavite , suffers a similar fate , although in the film she is re - floated and ordered to Cebu for a complete refit , thereby setting the stage for the film ' s storyline .
SNCAO 200 The SNCAO 200 ( sometimes written CAO . 200 ) was a prototype French single seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s . It was a single engined monoplane intended to compete with the Dewoitine D . 520 , but was unsuccessful , only a single example being built . Design and development . In 1937 , the French Air Ministry issued an official specification for a single - engined fighter to follow - on from and replace the Morane - Saulnier M . S . 406 . The new fighter was to be powered by a single Hispano - Suiza 12Y - 51 , rated at 1 , 100 hp ( 821 kW ) . Designs to meet this specification were produced by Dewoitine ( the Dewoitine D . 520 ) , Morane - Saulnier ( the Morane - Saulnier M . S . 450 ) , the Arsenal de l ' Aéronautique ( the VG - 33 ) and SNCAO . SNACO , formed in 1936 when the factories of Loire - Nieuport and Breguet were nationalised , based its design on the Loire - Nieuport 161 fighter design which had been rejected in favour of the M . S . 406 . The new fighter , the SNCAO 200 was a low - winged monoplane of all - metal construction , with stressed - skin wings , a forward fuselage of steel tubes covered in duralumin skinning , and a duralumin monocoque rear fuselage . It was fitted with leading edge slats , which were linked to trailing edge flaps . A mock - up of the SNCAO was exhibited at the 1938 Paris Air Show . When the prototype was completed in January 1939 , the planned Hispano - Suiza 12Y - 51 engine was not yet available , and it was fitted with a 860 hp ( 640 kW ) Hispano - Suiza 12Y - 31 engine to make its first flight on 31 January 1939 . With this engine , the SNCAO was underpowered , and by the time the prototype was passed to the authorities for official testing in August 1939 , the Dewoitine D . 520 had already been ordered into large - scale production . Despite this , several sources claim that a batch of 12 aircraft to be powered by 12Y - 51 engines were ordered . Operational history . During the Battle of France , the prototype SNCAO 200 may have been used to defend the SNCAO factory at Villacoublay , and may even have shot down an attacking Heinkel He 111 bomber . The prototype was taken to Germany for evaluation following the 22 June Armistice between France and Germany .
Proofing ( armour ) The proofing of armour refers to the process of testing armour for its defensive ability , most commonly used to historical testing of plate armour and mail ( armour ) . In the early Middle Ages , armour would be classified by the blows it could withstand , being certified as proof against sword s , axes , and arrow s . As firearms emerged as battlefield weapons , armour would be tested against them , as well , from which came the modern term " bulletproof " . In Japan the testing of armor by arrow or a musket ball is called " tameshi " with the tested armor being called " tameshi gusoku " . Helmet and chest armors were tested and many examples of these armors showing the bullet test marks still exist . In the 1300s Japanese individual scale armor pieces were said to have been tested by arrows before being assembled into an armor .