naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ali Pasha Castle Ali Pasha Castle ( ) is a castle in Butrint , Albania . It is named after Ali Pasha of Tepelenë resided there until 1820 . The current fortress was rebuilt in 1819 from its surface with 3 towers . Until 1820 it was the second residence of Ali Pashe Tepelena . Unfortunately , this article describes the wrong castle at Butrint . The castle described and pictured is popularly known as ' The Triangular Fortress ' . Built under Venetian dominion in the late 15th or early 16th century , it provided a stronghold for the Venetians on Corfu to exploit fishing , grazing , olives and timber in and around Butrint . The castle was the centrepiece of numerous conflicts with the burgeoning Ottoman Empire , and changed hands on several occasions . It was finally destroyed by a retreating French army in 1798 to prevent it falling in to the hands of Ali Pasha . The fortification attributed to Ali Pasha at Butrint lies some 2 . 4 km due west at the mouth of the Vivari Channel . This in itself began life in the late 17th or early 18th century as a fortified estate centre belonging to a Corfiote family that farmed land on the plains south of the ancient city . Ali Pasha seized control of the structure around 1804 and carried out a series of defensive improvements including the installation of gun batteries . Given its small size it is unlikely that the fort functioned as anything more than a control over access from the sea to Butrint , and it can not be compared to Ali ' s more redoubtable fortresses in the region at Tepelena , Gjirokastra and Ioannina .
Army groups of China The army groups of China ( 集團軍 in traditional Chinese / 集团军 in simplified Chinese ; " jituan jun " , also called group armies ) are major Chinese formations . People ' s Liberation Army . As of 15 March 1967 , the Central Intelligence Agency identified some 35 field armies : Potential disbanded field armies may have included : From 1997 to 2000 , force reductions resulted in the disbandment of three group armies : the 28th ( BMR ) , 64th ( Dalian , Liaoning , SMR ) , and the 67th Group Army at Zibo , Shandong , in the Jinan Military Region . ( Blasko , 2006 , 74 ) In September 2003 , a further series of reductions were announced , and from 2003 to 2006 the 24th Group Army at Chengde , Hebei , the 63rd at Taiyuan , Shaanxi ( both BMR ) , and the 23rd Group Army at Harbin in the Shenyang Military Region were eliminated . ( Blasko , 2006 , 75 ) . The People ' s Liberation Army Ground Force has 18 regular 集团军 or ' Group Armies ' . However , a modern Chinese army group is a corps - sized combined arms formation with gross manpower ranging from 45 , 000 to 60 , 000 personnel . Each of the PLA ’ s seven military regions is assigned with two or three group armies . Other PRC Chinese language sources typically describe each army group as having 2 or 3 Divisions ( mainly Infantry but some are Armour , Motorized or Artillery Divisions ) and further augmented by several Brigade or regiment sized ' combat arms ' / ' support - arms ' formations e . g . artillery , armour , air defence artillery , motorized ( infantry ) , aviation / helicopter regiment etc . National Revolutionary Army . By the end of the Second Sino - Japanese War , the National Revolutionary Army had organized 40 army groups . These were roughly equivalent to a field army in other militaries .
Fantome - class sloop The " Fantome " class was a six - ship class of 4 - gun screw composite sloop s built for the Royal Navy during 1873 and 1874 . Design . Construction . " Fantome " and her sister ships were constructed of an iron frame sheathed with teak and copper ( hence ' composite ' ) . Propulsion . A two - cylinder horizontal compound - expansion steam engine provided by Humphrys , Tennant & Company powered an diameter screw . Steam was provided by three cylindrical boilers working at . The indicated horsepower varied from . " Daring " was fitted with a trunk engine provided by John Penn & Sons . Sailing rig . All the ships of the class were provided with a full barque rig . Armament . The " Fantome " class carried two and two 64 - pounder muzzle - loading rifles , all mounted on pivots . Evaluation . Built at a time of great technological change in naval architecture , these composite sloops were obsolete before they were completed . Nevertheless , they served a useful function on the far - flung stations of the British Empire , including participation in minor wars , such as the Perak War . They were also used for hydrography , and for this reason " Egeria " was retained until 1911 .
Ottoman – Portuguese conflicts ( 1580 – 89 ) The fourth Ottoman - Portuguese Conflicts ( 1580 – 1589 ) was an armed military conflict between the Portuguese Empire against the Ottoman Empire and the Ajuuraan Empire , in the Indian Ocean . The Ottoman Navy , from 1580 to 1584 for the first time attacked only the Portuguese ships in the Indian Ocean . In 1585 Mir Ali Bey successfully repelled a Portuguese attempt to capture harbors controlled by the Ajuuraans in the Horn of Africa ( Barawa , Jumbo and Mogadishu ) . In 1586 the Portuguese army repelled the Ottomans in Kilifi , Patta and Melinde . Mombasa was seized by the Ottomans , but the African tribe of Zimba joined the Portuguese and retook the city . The city lost most of her population during the massacre that followed her fall , and had to be rebuilt and repopulated by the Portuguese . In 30 January 1589 , a Portuguese fleet sent from Goa in Portuguese India , with two galleass , five galley s , six galliot s , seven other ships and with 900 soldiers , was able to recapture the lost cities and capture the Turkish admiral , Mir Ali Bey .
Hermann Foertsch Hermann Foertsch ( 4 April 1895 – 27 December 1961 ) was a highly decorated General der Infanterie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who held commands at the divisional , corps and army levels . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hermann Foertsch surrendered to American forces under the command of Jacob Devers in 1945 and was later tried at the Hostages Trial in 1947 but was acquitted .
4th Brigade Combat Team , 10th Mountain Division The 4th Brigade Combat Team , 10th Mountain Division ( " Patriot Brigade " ) is an infantry brigade combat team of the United States Army based at Fort Polk , Louisiana . It is a subordinate formation of the 10th Mountain Division . It was activated in January 2005 . The brigade consists of six subordinate battalions ; its combat element consists of two infantry battalions , the 2nd Battalion , 4th Infantry Regiment and the 2nd Battalion , 30th Infantry Regiment . The 3rd Squadron , 89th Cavalry Regiment provides reconnaissance services to the Brigade Combat Team , while the 5th Battalion , 25th Field Artillery Regiment provides field artillery support . Headquarters and command services are provided by the brigade Special Troops Battalion . All supporting services for the brigade are provided by the 94th Brigade Support Battalion . All of these battalions are located at Fort Polk . Recent deployments . 10th Mountain Division headquarters , 3rd Brigade Combat Team and two Battalion Task Forces from the 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Afghanistan in 2006 , staying in the country until 2007 . The division and brigade served in the eastern region of the country , along the border with Pakistan , fulfilling a similar role as it did during its previous deployment . In April 2008 the headquarters of the 10th Mountain Division was deployed to Iraq , along with the 4th Brigade Combat Team . The division headquarters served as the command element for southern Baghdad , while the 4th BCT operated in East Baghdad . The 10th Mountain participated in larger scale operations such as Operation Phantom Phoenix . It deployed to Afghanistan in October 2010 . Decorations and Campaign Streamers . Campaign streamers
French ship Northumberland ( 1780 ) The Northumberland was a 74 - gun " Annibal " class ship of the line of the French Navy . She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake ( 5 September 1781 ) , a crucial naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War ( Captain Bon - Chrétien , Marquis de Bricqueville ) , as well as the Battle of the Saintes seven months later , under Captain Saint Cézaire , who was killed in the action . In 1782 , she captured the 14 - gun sloop HMS " Allegiance " . She was captured during the Glorious First of June in 1794 , where she was captained by François - Pierre Étienne . She was recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS " Northumberland " , and was broken up the next year in December 1795 .
3rd North Carolina Regiment The 3rd North Carolina Regiment was raised on 16 January 1776 at Wilmington , North Carolina for service with the Continental Army . In April , Jethro Sumner was appointed colonel . The regiment was present at the defense of Charleston in June 1776 . The 3rd Regiment transferred from the Southern Department to George Washington ' s main army in February 1777 . Assigned to Francis Nash ' s North Carolina Brigade in July 1777 , it soon saw action at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown , and was present at White Marsh . Sumner went home ill in early 1778 . Together with the 4th , 5th , and 6th North Carolina Regiment s , the 3rd Regiment was reduced to a cadre and sent home to recruit up to strength on 1 June 1778 . The rebuilt regiment returned to the main army in late 1778 , but it was reduced to a cadre again in April 1779 and sent back to its home state . Assigned to the North Carolina Brigade , the regiment fought at the Siege of Charleston where it was captured by the British Army on 12 May 1780 . The regiment was officially disbanded on 15 November 1783 .
VII Corps ( Grande Armée ) The VII Corps of the " Grande Armée " was the name of a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars . It was formed in 1805 and assigned to Marshal Pierre Augereau . From 1805 through 1807 , Augereau led the army corps in the War of the Third Coalition and the War of the Fourth Coalition . It was disbanded after being nearly wiped out at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807 and its surviving troops were distributed to other army corps . At the end of 1808 , the VII Corps was reconstituted in Catalonia during the Peninsular War and Laurent Gouvion Saint - Cyr was given command . The corps fought in Spain until 1811 , when it was renamed the Army of Catalonia . At that time it was again led by Augereau . A parallel VII Corps was created for the War of the Fifth Coalition in 1809 and assigned to Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre . This formation was entirely made up of troops from the Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1812 , a new VII Corps composed of soldiers from the Kingdom of Saxony was created for the invasion of Russia and Jean Reynier took command . This formation survived to fight during the War of the Sixth Coalition but effectvely ceased to exist after the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 due to the defection of the Saxons . Orders of battle . October 1806 . Marshal Pierre Augereau ( 17 , 672 , 36 guns ) November 1808 . General of Division Laurent Gouvion Saint - Cyr ( 42 , 382 ) April 1809 . Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre January 1810 . Marshal Pierre Augereau ( 1 , 338 officers , 33 , 145 men present for duty , 1 , 172 detached , 15 , 250 sick ) August 1812 . General of Division Jean Reynier ( 15 , 008 infantry in 18 battalions , 2 , 186 cavalry in 16 squadrons ) October 1813 . General of Division Jean Reynier ( 12 , 837 , 48 guns )
HMS Grafton ( F80 ) HMS " Grafton " ( F80 ) was a Type 23 frigate of the Royal Navy . It was the ninth vessel to bear the name , and is named after the Duke of Grafton . In 2003 , the ship was used in the ITV drama series " Making Waves " as the fictional Royal Navy warship " Suffolk " . In early 2004 the ship was deployed in the Persian Gulf . In July 2004 , it was announced that " Grafton " would be one of three Type 23 frigates to be decommissioned by the end of 2006 . In June 2005 , it was announced that " Grafton " would be sold to the Chilean Navy . She was delivered to Chilean Navy on 28 March 2007 in Portsmouth and renamed " Almirante Lynch " ( FF - 07 ) . During her service in the Royal Navy , her crew were awarded the freedom of the Borough of Ipswich , due to their frequent visits to the Suffolk town . On her last visit to Ipswich in 2006 , the Ship ' s Bell was presented to the town as a permanent reminder of the links between HMS Grafton and Ipswich . The bell is now on display in the reception area of the Ipswich Borough Council offices at Grafton House , named for the connection to the warship .
Thankful Villages Thankful Villages ( also known as Blessed Villages ) are settlements in both England and Wales from which all their then members of the armed forces survived World War I . The term Thankful Village was popularised by the writer Arthur Mee in the 1930s . In " Enchanted Land " ( 1936 ) , the introductory volume to " The King ’ s England " series of guides , he wrote that a Thankful Village was one which had lost no men in the Great War because all those who left to serve came home again . His initial list identified 32 villages . In an August 2013 update , researchers identified 52 civil parishes in England and Wales from which all soldiers returned . There are no settlements in Scotland or Northern Ireland that did not lose a member of the community in World War I . 14 of the English and Welsh villages are considered " " doubly thankful " " , in that they also lost no service personnel during World War II . These are marked with a ( D ) in the list below . In France , where the human cost of war was higher than in Britain , Thierville was remarkable as the only village in all of France with no men lost from World War I , nor any memorials constructed in the subsequent period . Thierville also suffered no losses in the Franco - Prussian War and World War II , France ' s other bloody wars of the modern era .
Algernon Smith Algernon Emory Smith ( September 17 , 1842 – June 25 , 1876 ) was an officer in the U . S . 7th Cavalry Regiment who was killed in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in the Montana Territory . Smith was born in the state of New York , where he attended Hamilton College . In June 1862 , during the American Civil War , he enlisted in Company K , U . S . 7th Infantry Regiment . He became a lieutenant in the 117th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment until October 1863 when he assigned to Maj . Gen . Alfred Terry as an aide - de - camp . He was severely wounded at Fort Fisher in January 1865 . He was later brevet ed to major for his actions in the war . After the war , in 1867 , Smith joined the U . S . 7th Cavalry Regiment under George Armstrong Custer . He soon became friends with Custer , and was part of the so - called " Custer Clan " or " Custer Gang " of close - knit friends and relatives of the general . Custer called him " Fresh " Smith , the opposite of " Salty " Smith . He married Nettie B . Bowen on October 10 , 1867 , at her home in Newport , New York . Smith served in the 1868 Washita Campaign , seeing his first action against the Native Americans . He was promoted to first lieutenant on December 5 , 1868 . He participated in most the 7th Cavalry ' s campaigns , including the 1873 Yellowstone campaign and as assistant quartermaster in the 1874 Black Hills expedition . Although the 1st lieutenant of Company A , Smith was named as assigned to command Company E , whose commander was at Fort Leavenworth , and was killed as a result in the Battle of the Little Bighorn . His body was not found among his men , but instead was discovered with Custer in the small knot of dead troops on " Final Stand Hill . " Smith was given a hasty burial on the battlefield . He was reinterred in 1877 in the Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery in Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . His widow survived until 1903 .
HMS Lowestoft ( F103 ) HMS " Lowestoft " was a " Rothesay " or Type 12 class anti - submarine frigate of the British Royal Navy . " Lowestoft " was sunk as a target on 8 June 1986 by using a Tigerfish torpedo . She was the last Royal Naval target to be sunk still displaying her pennant number .
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe The Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe ( ) was awarded in Bronze , Silver , and Gold with upgrade possible to include diamonds . Pennant s suspended from the clasp indicated the number of missions obtained in a given type of aircraft . Front Flying Clasps were issued for missions completed in the following Luftwaffe aircraft : The different Clasps were inaugurated by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring on Bronze Front Flying Clasp . 20 flown missions were needed to qualify Silver Front Flying Clasp . 60 flown missions were needed to qualify Gold Front Flying Clasp . 110 flown missions were needed to qualify Pennant with the number of Missions . The numbering scheme was 200 , 300 , 400 , 500 , etc .
Tosan The Tosan ( Also written Towan , meaning Wild Horse or Fury ) is an Iranian light tank , for unconventional warfare . Production started in 1997 , but the tank was only produced in small numbers . Mass production started in 2008 . Colonel Nasser Arab - Beigi , head of the self - sufficiency unit of the IRGC ground forces announced the mass - production of this ' Quick Reaction ' tank on June 30 , 2008 , as part of the country ' s campaign for defense self - sufficiency . Iran calls it a ' Quick Reaction ' tank because the tank is said to be capable of rapid response and is built for strategic missions . It appears to be based on the British FV101 Scorpion ( where Iran has 80 in service ) , the tank is fitted with a 90 mm gun , Toophan missile launchers and an improved firing and targeting systems . The tank can drive long distances on its tracks and does not need to be carried on trucks . The Tosan light tank It is intended to support infantry units . Vehicle is armed with 90 - mm gun , witch replaced the previous 76 - mm gun of the Scorpion . The new gun is likely to be reverse - engineered from Brazilian Engesa EE - 9 Cascavel . Iran captured some of these vehicles during the war with Iraq . Vehicle is fitted with new targeting and firing systems . The Tosan has fewer wheels than the Scorpion , but is slightly higher . It is fitted with new diesel engine . Vehicle is so light , that it can travel to forward operating areas on its own , without wearing out it ' s running gear . It is worth mentioning that other tanks are usually carried by tank transporters over long distances . In Iran this armored vehicle is referred as the quick reaction tank , because of its rapid response capability . Vehicle is not amphibious .
Josiah Burchett Josiah Burchett ( 1666 ? – 2 October 1746 ) was Secretary of the Admiralty in England , a position he held for almost fifty years ( 26 September 1694 - 14 October 1742 ) . He was first a clerk to Samuel Pepys , the English civil servant famous for his diary . Burchett eventually fell out of favour with Pepys , but gained the respect and favour of Lord Admiral Edward Russell , and eventually was appointed Secretary of the Admiralty . He served continuously as Secretary of the Admiralty until retiring at age 76 . Burchett served on Russell ' s flagship , the 100 - gun HMS " Britannia " , at the battle of Barfleur in 1692 during the War of the Grand Alliance . In 1693 he became the Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet , replacing Samuel Pepys in that office . Burchett was elected as a member of the English Parliament in 1705 as a Whig and member of the ' Court Group ' representing the borough of Sandwich , in Kent . He remained a Member of Parliament ( MP ) until 1713 , then returned in 1721 continuing as a member for 20 years . Using official reports received by the Admiralty , Burchett wrote the " Memoirs of Transactions at Sea during the War with France " , which was published in 1706 by the Queen ' s Printer , Edward Jones . In 1720 he published the lengthy book " A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea " , which was reissued in 1995 by John Hattendorf of the U . S . Naval War College . This 1720 book was the first general naval history published in the English language . This book was published by the printing firm J . Walthoe under royal license of King George I of Great Britain and was clearly based on the official reports received in the Admiralty . Burchett ' s " A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea " , along with Thomas Lediard ' s 1735 " The Naval History of England " , has become a key source of naval history of that era . Since he held the office of Secretary of the Admiralty , the key administrator of the Royal Navy , longer than any other person and had extensive official correspondence and Admiralty papers that have been preserved , his books and writings are relied upon by maritime and naval war historians . Unlike his predecessor Samuel Pepys , Burchett left no known diary or private papers . He died at age 80 at Hampstead near London .
381mm / 50 Model 1934 naval gun The 381 mm / 50 Ansaldo was the main battery gun of Italy ' s most modern battleship s : " Vittorio Veneto " , " Littorio " , and " Roma " . These built - up gun s consisted of a liner , a cylinder over the chamber and part of the rifle bore , a full length cylinder , and a 3 / 4 length jacket with a hydro - pneumatically operated side - swinging Welin breech block . Each battleship carried nine guns mounted in three 1595 - tonne triple turrets with maximum elevation of 35° . Time between salvos was approximately 45 seconds . Ammunition . The charge was contained in six cloth bags . Each bag contained 45 kg ( 100 lb ) of smokeless powder . High explosive ( HE ) shells weighed only . Anticipated useful barrel life was approximately 120 effective full charge s ( EFC ) .
Lu Min ( aviator ) Lu Min ( , November 12 , 1926 in Longkou , Shandong - ) was a MiG - 15 pilot of the People ' s Republic of China . He was a flying ace during the Korean War , with 8 victories . A member of the 12th Fighter Aviation Division He was later purged due to alleged connections with Marshal Lin Biao ' s coup attempt against Mao Zedong . Although all Chinese aces have received the title Combat Hero in acknowledgement of their services , very little information is known of the Chinese pilots during the war due to the lack of published records .