naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Type 99 88 mm AA Gun The was an anti - aircraft gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . The Type 99 number was designated for the year the gun was accepted , 2599 in the Japanese imperial year calendar , or 1939 in the Gregorian calendar . History and development . During the Battle of Nanjing in the Second Sino - Japanese War , Japanese forces captured a number of German - made SK c / 30 anti - aircraft guns from the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China . These weapons were originally naval anti - aircraft weapons for the German Navy , and should not be confused with the more famous FlaK 88 mm anti - aircraft gun . Quickly realizing the superiority of this design in terms of range and firepower over the domestic Type 88 75 mm AA Gun , the Japanese Army Technical Bureau quickly “ reverse engineered ” it , and placed it into production . Approximately 1000 units were built . Design . The Type 99 88 mm AA gun had a single piece gun barrel with sliding breech and vertical sliding breech block . The firing platform was supported by five legs , each of which ( along with the central pedestal ) had adjustable screwed foot for leveling . The gun barrel could easily be removed from the breech end - piece , and the entire assembly could be broken down into six separate assemblies for ease of transportation . It fired a 9 . 0 kilogram high explosive projectile to an effective altitude of 10 , 420 meters . Armor - piercing warhead s were also developed for potential anti - tank use . Projectiles Combat record . The Type 99 88 mm AA gun was primarily deployed in defense of the Japanese home islands against Allied air raids and against the perceived threat of Allied invasion .
Welin breech block The Welin breech block was a revolutionary stepped , interrupted thread design for locking artillery breeches , invented by Axel Welin in 1889 or 1890 . Shortly after , Vickers acquired the British patents . Design . The screw design incorporated multiple " steps " of threads of progressively increasing radius , each step occupying the same circular sector , such as the four steps seen in the accompanying photograph of a 16 - inch gun breech and block . Each step engaged with its matching thread cut in the gun breech when inserted and rotated . A gap in the thread steps was still necessary for the insertion of the largest step before rotation , so the area of the breech secured by threads in the block was number of steps / ( 1 + number of steps ) x length of the screw . This was a major improvement on previous non - stepped designs such as the de Bange system , which had only a single thread step and hence only half of the block ' s circumference had a thread which engaged with the breech , necessitating a fairly long screw to achieve a secure lock . The much greater threaded area of the Welin block allowed it to be shorter , allowing faster opening as it could be swung down or to the side after being withdrawn a much shorter distance than previous designs . It was also simpler and more secure . The Welin breech was a single motion screw , allowing it to be operated much faster than previous interrupted - thread breeches , and it became very common on British and American large calibre naval artillery and also field artillery above about 4 . 5 inches ( 114 mm ) . Though the US Navy was offered the design a year or two after its invention , they declined and the American Bethlehem Steel spent the next five years in trying to circumvent Welin ' s patent , before having to buy it through Vickers .
VA - 64 ( United States Navy ) VA - 64 ( Heavier than air squadron , Attack , 64 ) was established on 1 July 1961 . It was known as the " Black Lancers . " It was formed to provide an air defense capability for Carrier AntiSubmarine Air Groups . They flew A4D - 2N / A - 4C and A4D - 2 aircraft . They were disestablished on in 7 November 1969 .
Egon Albrecht Egon Albrecht ( 19 May 1918 – 25 August 1944 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . Albrecht claimed 25 aerial victories , 10 over the Western Front and 15 over the Eastern Front . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . Egon Albrecht was born on 19 May 1918 in Curitiba , Brazil . By 1940 , Albrecht was serving with 6 . / Zerstörergeschwader 1 ( ZG 1 ) operating Messerschmitt Bf 110 " Zerstörer " ( destroyer ) fighters . After redesignation as 9 . / Zerstörergeschwader 76 ( ZG 76 ) in June 1940 , and then 6 . / Schnellkampfgeschwader 210 ( SKG 210 ) in April 1941 , Albrecht flew combat operation over the Eastern front . In January 1942 6 . / SKG 210 became 6 . / ZG 1 . Albrecht was appointed " Staffelkapitän " ( squadron leader ) , 1 . / ZG 1 in June 1942 . Now an " Oberleutnant " , Albrecht was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes " ) in May 1943 for 15 aerial victories , along with 11 aircraft , 162 motor vehicles , 254 covered vehicles , 3 locomotives , 8 Flak positions , 12 anti - tank gun positions and 8 infantry positions destroyed on the ground . In October 1943 Albrecht succeeded " Hauptmann " Matern as " Gruppenkommandeur " ( group commander ) of II . / ZG 1 , and were relocated to the Western front , based on the Atlantic coast of France , flying missions over the Bay of Biscay . Later in 1943 , the Gruppe was transferred to Austria to combat the incursions from the Italian - based United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) 15th Air Force . After heavy losses in July 1944 II . / ZG 1 converted to the Bf 109G fighter and were redesignated as III . / JG 76 . Albrecht then led the unit in operations over the Invasion front in western France . On 25 August 1944 Albrecht was intercepted by USAAF P - 51 Mustang fighters and shot down in his Bf 109G - 14 near Creil . Albrecht managed to bale out of his stricken aircraft but was dead when found on the ground . Egon Albrecht was credited with 25 victories , with 15 victories claimed over the Eastern Front and 10 over the Western Front . This total included at least six B - 24 four - engine USAAF bombers . In addition he claimed 11 aircraft destroyed on the ground on the Eastern Front .
Ho - 5 cannon The Ho - 5 ( Army Type 2 ) was a Japanese aircraft autocannon used during World War II . Developed from the Ho - 103 machine gun , it was a version of the American Model 1921 Browning aircraft machine gun . It replaced the Ho - 1 and Ho - 3 ( Army Type 97 ) in general service . The Ho - 5 was belt - fed using typical Browning - style steel disintegrating links . The cartridge used was a shortened version of the Allied 20 x 110 Hispano - Suiza . The Ho - 5 was used mostly as wing mounts in late - war fighters , but saw limited use as cowl mounted in fighters and as flexible mounted ( retrofit ) in bombers .
Savo Pređa Savo Pređa was a Serbian Partisan general in World War II and , later , governor of Bileća prison . He was also a director of OZNA for eastern Bosnia for a short period , after that , he was deputy minister of interior . Savo was well known for being close to Aleksandar Ranković . He was also the establisher of the Yugoslavian automobile - motor association . He was one of the leaders of the team that caught Serbian Chetnik leader Draža Mihajlović . Pređa wrote the script for the movie " Valter defends Sarajevo " , that used to be very popular in former Yugoslavia and China .
Army ranks and insignia of Pakistan The Ranks of Pakistan Army are primarily based on British Army Ranks structure , though ranks for other ranks personnel and insignia differ . Officer ranks . Officer rank insignia displayed on the shoulders . Non - Commissioned Officers . The Non - Commissioned Officers rank insignia are displayed on sleves .
Heinz Auerswald Heinz Auerswald ( July 26 , 1908 – December 5 , 1970 ) was a German lawyer and member of the SS in Nazi Germany , which he joined in 1933 . He was " " Kommissar für den jüdischen Wohnbezirk " " ( " Commissioner for the Jewish residential district " ) in Warsaw from April 1941 to November 1942 . He along with Hans Biebow administrated and managed the Warsaw Ghetto ' s productionalist policy of economic independence providing the Ghetto with essential materials for it inhabitants continual survival until the adoption of the final solution . He was investigated by the West German government in the 1960s , but was not tried .
Vladimir Čukavac Vladimir Čukavac was a general in the Royal Yugoslav Army who commanded the 5th Army during the German - led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II . Čukavac ' s command consisted of the Timok , Toplica , Drina , Morava and Kosovo Division s , and the Vlasnica and Kalna Detachment s . The 5th Army was responsible for the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border .
Joseph Gabriel Harner Joseph Gabriel Harner ( February 19 , 1889 – March 5 , 1958 ) was a Boatswain ' s Mate Second Class in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the United States occupation of Veracruz . He died March 5 , 1958 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 17 , lot 21199 - B - 2 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Boatswain ' s Mate Second Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 19 February 1889 , Louisville , Ohio . Accredited to : Ohio . G . O . No . : 101 , 15 June 1914 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Florida , for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession during the seizure of Vera Cruz , Mexico , 21 April 1914 .
German submarine U - 610 German submarine " U - 610 " was a Type VIIC U - boat built for the German Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . She was laid down on 5 April 1941 , launched on 24 December 1941 and commissioned on 19 February 1942 . She sunk in 8 October 1943 , having sunk 4 ships and damaging another . Her commander was Freiherr Walter von Freyberg - Eisenberg - Allmendingen . Description . " U - 610 " was built by Blohm + Voss , Hamburg as yard number 586 . She was ordered on 22 May 1940 and the keel was laid down on 5 April 1941 . " U - 601 " was launched on 24 December 1941 . Sinking . While in the North Atlantic Ocean , the " U - 601 " was sunk by a Canadian Sunderland aircraft by depth charges , killing all 51 men on board .
Skew Bridge Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Skew Bridge Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery containing the remains of Allied troops who died during the Battle of Gallipoli , including the youngest British soldier . The battles at Gallipoli were an eight - month campaign fought by British Empire and French forces against the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war and to open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea . The cemetery is 2 kilometres northeast of Seddülbahir on the Gallipoli Peninsula . Is named after a skewed wooden bridge which carried the road from Helles to Krithia across the Dere , a stream about 45 metres west of the cemetery and just behind the centre of the Allied lines . The cemetery was created during the fighting of 6 – 8 May 1915 and used until the Allied evacuation in January 1916 . It originally contained only 53 graves , but now contains 607 graves , a consequence of its enlargement following the Armistice as graves were moved in from the surrounding including clearing Backhouse Post , Orchard Gully , R . N . D . , and Romanos Well cemeteries . Special memorials record 125 British and 4 Australians who are known to be buried in the cemetery but the location of whose graves is not known more precisely . Notable graves . Amongst those known to be buried in the cemetery is the youngest British soldier to be killed during the campaign and the youngest Allied serviceman to be buried on the peninsula . Drummer Joseph Aloysius Townsend of D Company , 1 / 4th Battalion of the East Lancashire Regiment was 15 when he was killed on 18 May 1915 .
Battle of Rogersville The Battle of Rogersville was a conflict in and around the town of Rogersville , Tennessee on the morning of November 6 , 1863 , between the United States Army 3rd Brigade , 4th Cavalry Division and the 2nd East Tennessee Mounted Infantry , and the Confederate States Army Jones ' Brigade , 2nd Cavalry Brigade and the 8th Virginia Cavalry . Because Federal forces were caught largely by surprise , the Confederates , under Brigadier General William E . Jones , were able to recapture Rogersville along with significant supplies from the town ' s railroad storehouses .
James Mackay ( soldier ) James Mackay ( 1718 - 1785 ) was a captain in the British Army during the French and Indian War . He was in command of the Independent Company of South Carolina when he was sent by the Governor of South Carolina to assist Virginia ' s defense of the Ohio Country from the French in the summer of 1754 . He was co - commander of Fort Necessity along with George Washington during the Battle of the Great Meadows on 3 July 1754 .
Passed midshipman A Passed Midshipman , sometimes called as Midshipman , Passed , is an unused and historic term which describes a Midshipman who had passed the Lieutenant exam and was eligible for promotion to Lieutenant as soon as there was a vacancy in that grade . Royal Navy . Passed Midshipman was never an official rank or rating in the Royal Navy , but was commonly used to describe midshipmen who had passed the lieutenant examination but were waiting on a roster to be commissioned . Between 1800 and 1815 , due to a shortage of officers to command small craft , passed midshipmen were titled sub - lieutenant but this also was not an official rank . Passed midshipmen awaiting promotion often elected to become master ' s mate , an experienced seaman role as assistant to the master . Though formally the rating did not lead to promotion to lieutenant , master ' s mates were paid more than any other rating and were the only ratings allowed to command any sort of vessel . A midshipman who became master ' s mate earned an increase in pay from £2 15s to £3 16s per month , but initially reduced his chances at a commission . Over time , however , an appointment of master ' s mate became considered a normal part of the path to a commission ; the situation caused some confusion during the last part of the 18th century , when two parallel roles - master ' s mates trying to become masters , and former midshipmen working toward a commission - held the same title and responsibilities aboard ship . By the first years of the nineteenth century , the prefix " master ' s " was dropped for passed midshipmen , to distinguish them from master ' s mates in the navigator ' s branch . In 1824 two further grades were also introduced , consisting of master ' s assistants and second - class volunteers . These corresponded to midshipmen and first - class volunteers respectively in the executive line . From this point , passed midshipmen had the rating master ' s mate , abbreviated as mate , and prospective masters had the rating master ' s assistant . These changes helped eliminate the confusion caused by the mingling of midshipmen in the navigator ' s branch . In 1838 a Royal Commission , presided over by the Duke of Wellington , recommended the institution of the rank of mate as an official step between midshipman and lieutenant . In 1861 mate was abolished in favor of sub - lieutenant . United States Navy . Passed midshipman was first used in 1819 , and unlike the Royal Navy was an official rank of the United States Navy . With the establishment of the rank of ensign in 1862 , the ranking structure was changed . The term " midshipman " came to mean an officer that passed his exams , while a cadet midshipman was one that had not or was still an undergraduate . An officer would be promoted to the grade of ensign after midshipman , rather than lieutenant .
Harkirat Singh ( general ) Major General ( retd . ) Harkirat Singh is an ex - officer of the Indian Army . Singh is notable as the first commander of the IPKF during its deployment in Sri Lanka in 1987 . He is an officer who has always stood up for what is right and true . He has written a book on his experiences in Sri Lanka called Intervention in Sri Lanka . He was always a skilled individual , both in training exercises and real combat . Due to his talent he was promoted to major general .
Battle of Staszów The Battle of Staszów was part of the Polish January Uprising of 1863 . When the uprising erupted Staszów became a gathering place for Russian infantry and artillery in the area , on the belief that Commander Marian Langiewicz was headquartered in the town . On February 12 , 1863 , Langiewicz ' s unit of 600 men departed in the direction of Raków from Święty Krzyż , as Langiewicz was unable to hold his troops against a Russian assault . While trying to outmaneouver the Russians Langiewicz entered Staszów on the 14th of February . The Polish revolutionaries waited for a Russian attack , it came on February 17 . The Russian armies were under the command of Colonel Zagriashko , on February 18 the Polish revolutionaries finally withdrew their forces from Staszów and left towards Małgoszcz , although the battle is considered one of Poland ' s victories of the uprising . The town was plundered by the Russians after the Polish forces left , although the Russians only plundered Polish homes , the Jews of Staszów in turn bought the looted goods from the Russians for 500 rubles , and when the Russians left the town , the Jews returned the robbed goods to their Polish owners , without demanding any payment .
Ernest F . Pletschke Ernest F . Pletschke is the name of the surveyor who platted Houghton , Michigan in 1854 , prior to its incorporation as a village in 1861 . In Houghton ' s first days it was said that " only thieves , crooks , murderers and Indians " lived there . An Ernest F . Pletschke , most likely the same individual ( though this is by no means certain ) also was a leading citizen of nearby Outagamie County , Wisconsin during the American Civil War era . This Pletschke was a professor of German at Lawrence University in Appleton , Wisconsin . In November 1860 , he and forty students formed a local militia company , with Pletschke as Captain and a Professor Pomeroy as First Lieutenant . In April 1861 , Professor Pletschke became the captain of the Appleton Light Infantry , with one T . R . Rudd as First Lieutenant . On May 31 , 1861 , Pletschke offered the services of his company to Adjutant - General William L . Utley in the Union ' s battle against the southern rebels ; Utley accepted in early June , noting that the Appleton Light Infantry would likely be called upon within ten days . They were mustered into service soon after . His command was folded into the regiment of Colonel Frank J . Hecker of Illinois , where his captaincy was confirmed and made official . Pletschke died in October 1861 at Louisville , Kentucky as a result of a relapse of typhoid fever , which he had contracted at some earlier , unspecified time . He was survived by a widow and a daughter . His funeral was held in the Lawrence Memorial Chapel at Lawrence University .
USS Goshawk ( AM - 79 ) USS " Goshawk " ( AM - 79 ) , was a built in 1919 as the steel - hulled fishing trawler by the Foundation ( Marine ) Co . , Savannah , Georgia , for Mr . W . F . Henningsen , Seattle , Washington . The ship was acquired by the United States Navy on 3 September 1940 , and began conversion to a Coastal Minesweeper , AMc - 4 at the Winslow Marine Co . , Winslow , Washington . Renamed " Goshawk " on 16 October 1940 , and reclassified as a Minesweeper , AM - 79 , on 25 November 1940 , she was commissioned USS " Goshawk " ( AM 79 ) on 3 March 1941 . Conversion to a minesweeper was completed on 20 March 1941 . U . S . Navy career . After shakedown , " Goshawk " took up minesweeping duties in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca , operating out of Seattle , Washington . She sailed for Alaska on 6 October 1941 and swept the channels between Sitka , Ketchikan , Adak , Seward , and Kodiak Island until 30 March 1942 , when she returned to Seattle for extensive refitting . " Goshawk " resumed duty on 18 August in the Seattle and Puget Sound area and in late 1943 returned to Alaska as a combination minesweeper and small cargo vessel . Her classification was officially changed to Unclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary , IX - 195 , on 10 October 1944 . " Goshawk " returned to Seattle on 9 June 1945 and decommissioned there on 1 August , but continued to perform in an " in service " status , transporting condemned ammunition for the 13th Naval District . " Goshawk " was decommissioned on 1 August 1945 at Seattle , Washington , and placed in service ; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal on 7 May 1946 . Struck from the Naval Register on 3 January 1946 , the ship was sold to Alvin T . Davies of Tacoma , Washington , and renamed . Fate unknown .
Erich Handke Erich Handke ( 2 November 1920 – 11 November 1987 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he participated in 129 missions as a radio operator . He served as a radio operator with Hauptmann Josef Kraft , Major Heinz - Wolfgang Schnaufer , and Major Martin Drewes all who were decorated with the Oak Leaves or higher .
HMCS Moncton ( MM 708 ) HMCS " Moncton " ( MM 708 ) is a that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998 . " Moncton " is the ninth ship of her class which is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project . She is the second vessel to use the designation . " Moncton " was laid down on 31 May 1997 at Halifax Shipyards Ltd . , Halifax and was launched on 5 December 1997 . She was officially commissioned into the CF on 12 July 1998 and carries the pennant number 708 . She is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic ( MARLANT ) and is homeported at CFB Halifax .
Bernard J . McKenna Bernard J . McKenna ( February 16 , 1842 – June 18 , 1903 ) was the Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1893 to 1896 . Early life . McKenna was born in 1842 and served in the American Civil War . After returning home to Pittsburgh he worked in the iron industry , eventually becoming a labor union official . McKenna also was active in the volunteer and then professional Pittsburgh fire department . In 1875 he was elected to the city council . Pittsburgh politics . From his home at 6325 Marchand Street he launched a successful bid to become Mayor in 1893 . His administration oversaw the completion of the Highland Park Zoo , and the Carnegie Library ' s main branch was also completed during his time in office . Later life . McKenna died in 1903 and is buried in St . Mary ' s Cemetery in the Pittsburgh neighborhood of Lawrenceville .
Swerford Castle Swerford Castle was a medieval castle in the village of Swerford , Oxfordshire , England . History . Swerford Castle was built in a motte and bailey design in the 12th century . It was positioned so as to overlook the local ford of the River Swere and the village of Swerford . Archaeological remains suggest that the castle was probably constructed during the years of the Anarchy , probably by the same family that built Ascot d ' Oilly Castle . The central motte is 18 m wide in diameter on top , and 30 m in diameter at the base , and 4 m tall ; the wider bailey is approximately 52 m by 42 m , with a deep ditch . The remains today are a scheduled monument .