naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
6th Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery The 6th Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery , nicknamed the " Buena Vista Artillery , " was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 6th Independent Battery was mustered into service at Racine , Wisconsin on October 2 , 1861 . The battery was mustered out on July 3 , 1865 at Madison , Wisconsin . Total strength and casualties . The 6th Independent Battery initially recruited 157 officers and men . An additional 85 men were recruited as replacements , for a total of 242 men . The battery suffered 1 officer and 6 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds and 22 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 29 fatalities .
USS Newton ( ID - 4306 ) The second USS " Newton " ( ID - 4306 / IX - 33 ) was a training ship in the United States Navy . " Newton " was built in 1919 by L . H . Shattuck , Inc . , Portsmouth , New Hampshire , and acquired by the U . S . Navy from the United States Shipping Board on 2 October 1922 . Service history . Prepared for service with the Naval Militia of the state of New Jersey , she served as a training ship in the Jersey City area into World War II . Carried on the Navy List as an unclassified ship for most of that period , she was designated IX – 33 on 17 February 1941 . On 13 May 1943 she was transferred to the Armed Guard Center , Brooklyn , New York . Placed in service on 22 November 1944 , she was assigned to the New York Navy Yard until placed out of service on 14 November 1945 . Struck from the Navy List on 8 January 1946 , she sank in the Hudson River the same month and her hulk was sold on 12 September 1946 .
Gathland State Park Gathland State Park is a small state park located near Burkittsville , Maryland , in the United States . The park is composed of the remains of the estate of George Alfred Townsend ( 1841 - 1914 ) , a correspondent during the American Civil War who wrote under the pen name " Gath " . Several buildings remain on the estate , including the War Correspondents Memorial Arch , and the Appalachian trail passes through the grounds . History . The area of the current park includes Crampton ' s Gap , which saw fighting during the Battle of South Mountain , one of the first battles of the Maryland Campaign during the American Civil War . In 1884 , Townsend , now a successful journalist , purchased the land as a retreat and began work on what would become Gathland , his estate . His first project was Gapland Hall , an eleven room house built in 1885 . This was followed that same year by Gapland Lodge , a stone servants ' quarters . In 1890 a large building was erected to house a study , a library , and ten bedrooms . Townsend ' s most famous and longest - lasting project was completed in 1896 : The War Correspondents Memorial Arch . It is claimed that the arch is the only monument in the world dedicated to journalists killed in combat . However , a tree in Arlington National Cemetery was also dedicated as a war correspondents ' memorial in 1986 . Also in the park grounds is the remains of a mausoleum built for Townsend in 1895 but never used . Originally topped with the figure of a large bronze dog , only the chamber remains , with a marble lintel inscribed , " Good Night Gath " . Conservation . After Townsend ' s death , Gathland changed hands three times before being acquired by the Department of Forests and Parks and named a state park in 1949 . Gapland Hall was renovated in 1958 and now houses a visitors ' center . Gapland Lodge was converted into the George Townsend Museum . The site is currently undergoing renovation of the Visitor Center and Museum . ( 2011 ) Most of the other buildings are gone , but the foundations of the barn and the crypt remain . Features . In addition to the monument , the historic buildings , and the museum , the park hosts Civil War reenactment s and an interactive " living history " weekend with demonstrations of 19th century life .
Oconee War The Oconee War was a military conflict in the 1780s and 1790s between European Americans and the Creek Indians known as the Oconee , who lived in an area between the Apalachee and North Oconee rivers in the state of Georgia . The struggle arose from tensions between competing groups of people as increasing numbers of European Americans entered traditional Oconee territory . The conflict delayed the opening of the University of Georgia , planned as part of the new state ' s institutions . The European Americans prevailed over the Creek , and a tradition of coexistence between the groups ended . The European Americans wanted to settle the land , and they demanded the government relocate the Creek , which contributed eventually to passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 , setting policy and implementation of removal of all the southeastern tribes to west of the Mississippi River . The war catalyzed Georgia voters ' ratifying the United States Constitution , in order to gain federal help to fight the Creek . As a result of the war , some Creek Oconee moved across the border into northern Florida , and then further south in the state , to escape European - American encroachment . They joined other majority - Creek peoples there , and developed a new Muskogean - related tribe , the Seminole , by the late eighteenth century . Through the Seminole Wars of the nineteenth century , some of the Indians resisted all efforts by extensive United States forces to move them to reservations .
Andrew Ridgway Lieutenant - General Sir Andrew Peter Ridgway , ( born 1950 ) is a former Lieutenant Governor of Jersey . He was appointed to the role for a 5 - year term on 14 June 2006 after a long military career . Military career . He was educated at Hele ' s School , Exeter , the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , and St John ' s College , Cambridge . In 1970 he was commissioned into the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment , serving in Germany and Ireland as a Troop Leader . In 1975 he qualified as a helicopter pilot , and was given command of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment Air Squadron , operating in Central America and Northern Ireland . In 1982 he attended the Army Staff College at Camberley , before taking command of the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment in 1991 and the 7th Armoured Brigade ( the ' Desert Rats ' ) in 1993 . In 1994 he was appointed UN Commander in Central Bosnia and Herzegovina , and became Chief of Staff for the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps for NATO ' s entry into the Kosovo War in 1999 . For 2003 to 2006 , he was Chief of Defence Intelligence , although he was not directly involved in producing the controversial intelligence reports that led to 2003 invasion of Iraq and Operation Telic . He is also Colonel of the Royal Tank Regiment ( appointed in 1999 ) , Honorary Colonel of Cambridge University Officer Training Corps and the Westminster Dragoons . Other jobs in his career have included running the Army budget as Colonel Army Programmes and posts as First Director of Operational Capability , First Director of Training and Education and Chief of Joint Force Operations . He was appointed CBE in 1995 and CB in 2001 , as well as receiving the Queen ' s Commendation for Valuable Service and the US Defense Intelligence Agency Award in 2005 . Ridgway was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE ) in the Queen ' s Birthday Honours in 2011 . Lieutenant - Governor of Jersey . From 2006 until 2011 Ridgway was Lieutenant - Governor of Jersey , in the Channel Islands , where he acted as the Queen ' s representative . Though largely a symbolic and ceremonial appointment , the post of Lieutenant - Governor is the essential link between Jersey and the Crown , as the Channel Islands are not part of the United Kingdom .
HMS Fairy ( 1897 ) HMS " Fairy " was a three funnel - 30 knot destroyer built by Fairfields for the Royal Navy . Ordered under the 1896 – 1897 Naval Estimates , she was the sixth ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1778 for a 16 - gun sloop . She was classified as a C - class destroyer in 1913 . Construction . She was laid down as Yard No 396 on 19 October 1896 at the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company shipyard at Govan , Glasgow and launched on 29 May 1897 . During her builder ’ s trials she made her contracted speed requirement . She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in August 1898 . Pre - war . After commissioning she was assigned to the Channel Fleet . She spent her operational career mainly in Home Waters operating with the Channel Fleet as part of the East Coast Flotilla . On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed that all destroyer classes were to be designated by letter . She was assigned to the C Class along with other destroyers with a design speed of 30 - knots and three funnels and after 30 September 1913 , she was known as an " C Class destroyer " and had the letter ‘ C ’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel . World War I . From August 1914 she was deployed in the 8th Destroyer Flotilla based at the Firth of Forth , but the next month detached from that formation . By October , she was attached to the Grand Fleet . In July 1917 , she was transferred to the 7th Destroyer Flotilla on the East Coast of England where she ' d be engaged in convoy work . On the 31st of May , 1918 while escorting an East Coast convoy German submarine " UC - 75 " was sighted and rammed by the steamer SS " Blaydonian " . The U - Boat surfaced with in the convoy and was attacked and rammed by HMS Fairy . Two submariners leapt on to the forecastle of " Fairy " as their submarine sank . HMS " Fairy " , however , had sustained heavy damage and sank a short time later in position 53o57 ’ N 00o09 ’ W . She was awarded the battle honour " Belgian Coast 1914 – 17 " for her service .
15th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron The 15th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the Air Defense Command Phoenix Air Defense Sector stationed at Williams Air Force Base , Arizona . It was inactivated on 24 December 1964 . History . Activated in early 1941 as part of the Southeast Air District , was equipped with a series of pursuit aircraft with a mission of air defense of Florida . After the Pearl Harbor Attack , was assigned to the Caribbean Air Force in Panama where it operated in defense of the Panama Canal . Returned to the United States in early 1943 where it became a P - 47 Thunderbolt , later P - 51 Mustang replacement training unit ( RTU ) for III Fighter Command . Inactivated on 1 May 1944 as part of a reorganization of training units . Reactivated in 1953 as part of Air Defense Command as an air defense squadron , initially equipped with F - 86A Sabre day fighters , initially being assigned to Davis - Monthan AFB , Arizona with a mission for the air defense of the Southwest United States . Re - equipped in 1954 with F - 86D Sabre Interceptor s . In 1957 began re - equipping with the North American F - 86L Sabre , an improved version of the F - 86D which incorporated the Semi Automatic Ground Environment , or SAGE computer - controlled direction system for intercepts . The service of the F - 86L destined to be quite brief , since by the time the last F - 86L conversion was delivered , the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors . In 1960 received the new McDonnell F - 101B Voodoo supersonic interceptor , and the F - 101F operational and conversion trainer . The two - seat trainer version was equipped with dual controls , but carried the same armament as the F - 101B and were fully combat - capable . Inactivated in December 1964 as part of a realignment Davis - Monthan to Tactical Air Command and ADC interceptor bases the aircraft being passed along to other ADC squadrons .
W . Pat Jennings William Pat Jennings ( August 20 , 1919 – August 2 , 1994 ) was a United States Representative from Virginia . He was born on a farm in Camp in Smyth County , Virginia . He earned a B . S . degree from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg , 1941 . He entered the United States Army in July 1941 during World War II . He served in the United States for two years and in the European Theater of Operations for two and a half years with the Twenty - ninth Infantry as platoon leader , company commander , and operations officer . He was also an instructor in ROTC at the University of Illinois . He was discharged as a major in May 1946 . Jennings owned an automobile and farm implement business in Marion , Virginia , from 1946 until his death . He also participated in politics and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1952 , 1956 , 1960 , and 1968 . He was elected sheriff of Smyth County , Virginia in 1947 , reelected in 1951 , and served until 1954 . He was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty - fourth Congress and to the five succeeding Congresses ( January 3 , 1955 – January 3 , 1967 ) . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1966 to the Ninetieth Congress . He was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives for the Ninetieth Congress , and reelected to the four succeeding Congresses , and served from January 10 , 1967 , until his resignation November 15 , 1975 . He died in Marion , Virginia in 1994 .
Carlo Geloso Carlo Geloso ( August 20 , 1879 - July 25 , 1957 ) , was an Italian general during the Second World War . In 1939 , he assumed command of the Italian Forces in Albania . The next year , he served as commander of the 11th Army during the Greco - Italian War . He was commander of the Italian occupation forces in Greece from 1941 until 1943 . After Italy joined the Allies , he became a German prisoner of war . Following the German surrender , he was briefly imprisoned by the Soviets , and released in 1946 .
Hattori Masanari The eldest son of Hattori Hanzō , Masanari began to fight alongside his father by the mid 1590s , and succeeded him in 1596 , when he was 31 years old . Following the Battle of Sekigahara of 1600 , Masanari was enlisted by Tokugawa Ieyasu as captain of the Edo Castle guards , but ended up suffering from a scandal while in the process , more than likely justified by his harsh treatment to the band of Iga beneath his jurisdiction , it may also be because he wasn ' t a shinobi like his father causing him to be utterly humiliated in the face of the Tokugawa and relatively stripped from his initial position as captain . In order to repair the Hattori name and his reputation , Masanari valiantly fought during the Siege of Osaka in 1614 - 1615 as head of 60 Iga ninja . He was cut down in the process of the second siege of Osaka , and was succeeded by his brother Hattori Masashige .
2nd Military Intelligence Battalion ( United States ) 2nd Military Intelligence Battalion is a unit of the United States Army which specializes in the acquisition of signals information in direct support of the 66th Military Intelligence Brigade . The 2nd MI Battalion currently is headquartered at Wiesbaden Army Airfield in Germany . History . There are conflicting reports of the history of the 2nd Military Intelligence Battalion . According to the current 2nd M . I . website , the unit was constituted on 15 February 1952 in the Regular Army as the 2nd Military Intelligence Service Battalion and activated on 1 March 1952 in Austria . 2nd M . I . was reorganized and redesignated 25 May 1954 as the 2nd Military Intelligence Battalion and was subsequently inactivated on 8 September 1955 in Austria . The official website claims that on 16 September 1980 , 2nd M . I . was reactivated and redesignated as Headquarters , Headquarters and Operations Company , 2nd Military Intelligence Battalion , and assigned to the 3rd Armored Division . 2nd M . I . subsequently was redesignated and reorganized 26 January 2001 in Darmstadt , Germany , subordinate to the 66th Military Intelligence Brigade . 2nd M . I . then was relocated to Wiesbaden , Germany in November 2008 . The U . S . Army Center of Military History ' s official lineage of military intelligence publication ( hosted on Fort Huachuca ' s official website ) states that 2nd M . I . was constituted 18 October 1961 in the Regular Army as the 2nd Air Reconnaissance Support Battalion and activated on 15 November 1961 in Germany . On 16 September 1962 , the battalion was converted and redesignated as the 2nd Military Intelligence Battalion . Other sources report that in or after October 1982 , 2nd M . I . ' s assets were split up and 2nd M . I . was reassigned to the 207th Military Intelligence Brigade , VII Corps and stationed in Echterdingen in Baden - Württemberg in the Federal Republic of Germany . The unit participated in Operation Desert Storm as part of VII Corps . Following the Cold War , 2nd M . I was inactivated on either 15 November 1991 or 15 August 1992 in Germany . Coat of Arms . The coast of arms is a shield : Per chevron abased azure and argent , a chief dancetty of two enhanced of the last the apexes surmounted by two rounders of the first counterchanged and in base a sphinx rampant sable armed gules . The motto is Oculi Cultus Secreti ( The Eyes of Intelligence ) . The colors of white and teal blue , symbolize the battalion ' s former status as an unassigned - to - branch unit . The battalion ' s numerical designation and mission are suggested by the two rounders or lenses directing their gaze downward . The sphinx is representative of the intelligence mission . Black alludes to the coat of arms of the old Rhineland district of Pfalz in Germany , where the unit was activated . Military Campaigns . 2nd M . I . participated in the Defense of Saudi Arabia , the Liberation and Defense of Kuwait and Cease - Fire campaigns during the Gulf War . It was decorated with a Meritorious Unit Commendation ( Army ) , Streamer , embroidered Southwest Asia .
Soviet K - class submarine The K class were the largest submarines built for the Soviet Navy in the World War II era . Design . The design was approved in 1936 as a long range " cruiser submarine " with a heavy torpedo and gun armament . The boats could operate as " fleet submarine " working with the battle fleet or as long range commerce raiders They were a significantly improved version of the Pravda class and overcame most of their shortcomings ( Conway ' s Fighting Ships ) . The double hull was divided into seven compartments . It was originally planned to carry a small floatplane for scouting but this concept was abandoned when the planned aircraft proved too flimsy . Yakubov and Worth state that these were the most successful Soviet submarines of the World War II era , with high speed and good seakeeping . The hull provided spacious accommodation and diving time was 60 seconds . American naval constructors inspected K - 21 in 1944 and thought the design to be workmanlike but technically inferior to contemporary American boats such as the Gato class submarine s An improved design the KU class which was to be of welded construction was in planning in 1941 . A total of 24 KU boats were planned but none were started . Ships . All ships were built by Marti Yard / Ordzhinikidze Yard , Leningrad A total of twelve boats were built in the Baltic for the Soviet Northern Fleet . K1 to K23 were transferred prior to the German Invasion . K51 to K56 were trapped in Leningrad during the Blockade and were completed after the war and transferred to the Arctic
Sich Rada The Sich Rada ( , " Sichova Rada " ) was the highest branch of government of the Zaporozhian Cossacks , and based at their center , the Zaporizhian Sich . It was also called Viyskova Rada ( Military Council ) . The Rada , a type of governing committee but with participation from the cossack members , was involved in legislative , executive and judicial matters . Functions . As an institution , the Sich Rada was a form of direct democracy where rights of individual cossacks were preserved through participation in the Rada . It was able to decide when to go to war and when to conclude a peace treaty . It elected the officer staff ( starshyna ) , with the Kosh otaman at its head . It received foreign diplomats and determined the course of diplomatic relations . The Sich Rada also fulfilled certain economic functions , such as the distribution of the communal agricultural and fishing districts among the kurin s of the Sich .
74th Punjabis The 74th Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1776 , when they were raised as the 14th Carnatic Battalion . The regiment first saw action during the Carnatic Wars . This was followed by the Battle of Sholinghur in the Second Anglo - Mysore War and the Battle of Mahidpur in the Third Anglo - Mysore War . Their next destination was China for the Opium Wars and in 1885 the took part in the Third Burmese War . During World War I they were part of the 8th Lucknow Division which remained in India on internal security and training duties they were then posted to the 10th ( Irish ) Division in 1918 , and took part in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . In 1922 , the 74th Punjabis became the 4th Battalion , 2nd Punjab Regiment . This new regiment was disbanded in 1947 .
HSC - 22 Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron TWO TWO ( HSC - 22 ) is a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at NAS Chambers Field ( KNGU ) in Norfolk , Virginia . The " Sea Knights " were Established on September 29 , 2006 , and have multiple missions including vertical replenishment , search and rescue , air - sea rescue and anti - surface warfare . The Sea Knights fly the MH - 60S helicopter , manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft in Stratford , Connecticut . It is the first new helicopter squadron at Naval Station Norfolk in 22 years . HSC - 22 is the sister squadron of HSC - 23 " Wild Cards " stationed at Naval Air Station North Island in Coronado , California . Command emblem . The Knight ’ s helmet symbolizes the American warrior prepared for battle . The crossed tridents symbolize the sea combat capabilities of our helicopter in the maritime environment . The quartered shield represents a stout defense , strength , protection and invulnerability . The black stands for constancy , steadfastness , and fidelity while the silver and white stand for peace and sincerity . Together the three colors symbolize an undying resolution to protect the key tenets of freedom .
Wiedergutmachung The German word Wiedergutmachung after World War II refers to the reparation s that the German government agreed to pay in 1953 to the direct survivors of the Holocaust , and to those who were made to work as forced labour or who otherwise became victims of the Nazis . The sum would amount , through the years , to over 100 billion Deutsch Marks . Historian Tony Judt writes about Wiedergutmachung : The noun " Wiedergutmachung " is the general term for " restitution " or " reparation " . The noun is made up of " wieder " ( " again " ) , " gut " ( " good " or " well " ) , and " machung " , a verbal noun of " machen " ( " to make " ) . The verb " wiedergutmachen " means literally " to make well again " or to compensate . " Wiedergutmachungsgeld " means " " Wiedergutmachung " money " . In the former East Germany , " Wiedergutmachung " was mostly directed to Poland and the former USSR . The German federal office in charge of this issue is BEG ( abbreviation for " Bundesentschädigungsgesetz " , which translates into English as " Federal Compensation Law " ) which , in its charter , states : Only people who were directly victimised are eligible for " Wiedergutmachung " , and not , for example , offspring born after the war or grandchildren . Statistics concerning Wiedergutmachung payments were released by the BEG through the mid - 1980s , but have not since been publicly released . As of the mid - 1980s , over four million claims had been filed and paid . Approximately 40 % of the claims were from Israel , where many Holocaust survivors live , 20 % were from Germany , and 40 % were from other countries . An unusual compensation was to the Republic of Ireland , a neutral country , for bombings in 1941 .