naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Maultier Maultier ( " Mule " ) is the name given to series of half - track trucks used by Germans during World War II . They were based on Opel , Mercedes - Benz or Ford trucks . History . During 1941 Germans troops discovered that their wheeled transport vehicles were unsuitable for the muddy " rasputitsa " conditions that marked the beginning and end of the Russian winter . Only halftracks were able to operate in these conditions , but removing them from their operational purposes for supply duties would have been unworkable . Instead , Germany began to build half - tracked versions of their Opel , Daimler - Benz and Ford trucks by removing their rear axles and placing new driveshafts connected to Panzer I track assemblies with Carden Lloyd type suspension assemblies . The Panzer I was out of production at this point , and existing track parts could be used for cost effective conversion of the trucks . The Carden Lloyd suspension was similar to that used by the Universal and Bren - gun carriers . Most conversions were to Opel trucks , which proved successful in service - although they lacked the overall mobility of purpose - built halftracks . From 1943 the Germans equipped some Maultier trucks with armored bodies , designated SdKfz 4 . Some of these were armed with 10 tubed rocket launcher Panzerwerfer 42 , and were designated SdKfz . 4 / 1 .
USS Cayuga ( LST - 1186 ) The third USS " Cayuga " ( LST - 1186 ) was a " Newport " - class tank landing ship in the United States Navy . She was named after a county in New York . " Cayuga " was laid down on 28 September 1968 at San Diego , California , by the National Steel & Shipbuilding Corporation ; launched on 12 July 1969 ; sponsored by Mrs . Luther C . Heinz ; and commissioned on 8 August 1970 , Commander William T . Hollenbach in command . Following commissioning , " Cayuga " was assigned to the Amphibious Force , Pacific Fleet , with her home port at Long Beach , California . She alternated amphibious training operations along the west coast of the United States with regular , extended deployments to the Far East . " Cayuga " earned two battle star s for Vietnam service . " Cayuga " became part of Naval Battle Force , Somalia , under Rear Admiral Arthur K . Cebrowski , in October – November 1993 . Other elements of the force included USS America , USS Simpson , , USS Denver ( LPD 9 ) , USS Comstock ( LSD 45 ) , and the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit . She was decommissioned in 1994 and transferred to Brazil were she serves as " Mattoso Maia " ( G - 28 ) . " Cayuga " is featured extensively as a rescue ship in the disaster film s " Airport ' 77 " ( 1977 ) and " Gray Lady Down " ( 1978 ) .
Fritz Fullriede Fritz Fullriede ( 4 January 1895 – 3 November 1969 ) was a German officer , reaching the rank of Generalmajor by the end of World War II . Fullriede was born in Bremen and fought in the First World War . As a Freikorps member after the war , he fought against Polish rebels in the Silesian Uprisings . Fullriede lived in Africa from 1924 to 1934 . After returning to Germany , he reenlisted . Fullriede fought in the German invasion of Poland and on the Eastern Front . He served in the Afrika Korps , the Italian Campaign , defended against the Operation Market Garden , and then returned to the Eastern Front again . The last German commander of Festung Kolberg , Fullriede received the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves in 1945 . Fullriede was taken prisoner by the Americans . He was sentenced for 12 years for various crimes and released after serving four years . He emigrated to Africa but returned to Germany before his death in Bad Oldesloe .
27th Connecticut Infantry Regiment The 27th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment recruited in New Haven , Connecticut , for service in the American Civil War . Organization . The 27th Connecticut was raised in the late summer of 1862 in response to President Abraham Lincoln ' s nationwide call for volunteers to put down the rebellion . The regiment would serve for a nine - month enlistment , unlike the usual three - year enlistments , inducing many older , married men to answer the call . This is evident by the fact that the average age of the 27th Connecticut was 27 years , about six years older than the average age of Union soldiers in general . The 27th Connecticut departed for Washington , D . C . , on October 22 and was attached to the Military District of Washington until November 7 , 1862 . It was then attached to the 3rd Brigade , 1st Division , 2nd Army Corps , Army of the Potomac , and it advanced to Falmouth , Virginia . War history . In its nine months of service , the 27th fought in the three largest campaigns in the eastern theatre of the war . First at the Battle of Fredericksburg , on December 13 , 1862 , during which they launched an attack up Marye ' s Heights under their brigade commander Col . Samuel K . Zook . Their second taste of combat was the Battle of Chancellorsville , on May 1 , 2 and 3 , 1863 . On May 3 , eight out of 10 companies making up the 27th were captured after fighting a fierce delaying action holding back Confederate forces so the Union Army could reorganize itself and hold of the confederates . Finally , the 27th Connecticut embarked on their last campaign of their nine - month service which culminated with the campaign and Battle of Gettysburg , on July 1 , 2 and 3 , 1863 . Here , in the late afternoon of July 2 , the 27th entered the battle with a total of 3 companies only 160 men out of the original 829 who had joined just nine months earlier . They occupied the portion of the union line known as " The Wheatfield , " where the regiment successfully held back the rebels . By the end of the battle , 10 men were dead , 23 wounded , and 4 were missing . Among the regiment ' s casualties was Regimental Commander Lt . Col . Henry C . Merwin , who was struck by a bullet . After his death , Maj . James H . Colburn took command of the regiment for the rest of its service . On July 18 , 1863 , what remained of the 27th was released from the Army of the Potomac and sent back to New Haven to be discharged . On the way home to Connecticut , they were reunited with 279 men who were captured at Chancellorsville , and had been paroled by the Confederates in a prisoner exchange . Casualties . In its nine months of service , the Regiment lost 533 men who were killed , wounded , captured , and died of disease out of 829 enrolled . Equipment . Forage Cap , Slouch Cap , Frock Coat , Slouch Coat , Trousers , Socks , Shirts , Brogans , Coat , Blanket , Cartridge Box , Cap Box , Belt , Bayonet , Bayonet Scabbard , Poncho , Canteen , Haversack , Knapsack , Tent shelter - half , Cup , Plate , Fork , Spoon , Knife , Rifle Sling , and Springfield Rifled Musket . 58 Caliber Model 1861
Rieneck Castle Rieneck Castle is a castle built by Ludwig I , Count of Loon and Rieneck , in the year 1151 . The city of Rieneck is situated about 80 km east of Frankfurt . The castle now serves as a Scouting facility and is owned by the German Christian Guide and Scout Association , VCP . The castle ' s programme includes many interesting Scouting activities such as arts and crafts , pioneering and middelage trades and offers accommodation , Internet connection ( see image to the right ) and a campsite .
28th Battalion ( Australia ) The 28th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army . It was raised in 1915 as part of the First Australian Imperial Force for service during World War I and formed part of the 7th Brigade , attached to the 2nd Division . It fought during the Gallipoli campaign and on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919 . Reraised in 1921 as the 28th Battalion ( Swan Regiment ) , the battalion saw action during World War II in the New Britain campaign . The battalion was disbanded in March 1946 .
Gridley - class destroyer The Gridley - class destroyer s were a class of four 1500 - ton destroyers in the United States Navy . The initial two ships were laid down on June 3 , 1935 and commissioned in 1937 . The second two were laid down in March 1936 and commissioned in 1938 . Based on the " Mahan " - class destroyer , they had the same hull but had only a single stack and mounted sixteen torpedo tubes . Their powerplants were also a significant upgrade from the " Mahan " class and made the highest speed ever recorded for a United States Navy destroyer .
Richwood Hall Richwood Hall , also known as Richwoods , is a house near Charles Town , West Virginia . The lands once belonged to George Washington , who received them from Thomas Fairfax , 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron and subsequently gave to his brother , Samuel Washington . It was Samuel ' s son , Lawrence Augustine Washington , who built or moved into the house with his bride , Mary Dorcas Wood , in 1797 . This original house now forms a wing of the present enlarged house . The Washingtons lived at Richwoods until 1802 , when they sold the property to Smith Slaughter . By 1829 the house had been enlarged , either by Slaughter or his successor , Joseph Shewater . In any case , materials , including bricks and carved wood were imported from England . At the time of the American Civil War the property belonged to John R . Flagg . Forces under the command of General Jubal A . Early fired from Richwood Hall at Union forces under Sheridan at Locust Hill .
Matka - class missile boat The Matka class is the NATO reporting name for a group of hydrofoil missile boat s built for the Soviet Navy . The Soviet designation is " Project 206MR Vikhr " . Design . These boats are the ultimate descendants of the Osa class missile boat and are a heavily modified version of the Turya class torpedo boat . There is only a single foil , the aft part of the hull hydroplanes at high speeds . They are air - conditioned and NBC - sealed . The SS - N - 2 launchers are the same type as carried on the Project 61MR ( “ Mod - Kashin “ ) class destroyers . Despite initial reports that they were good seaboats , later information revealed that the Soviets regarded them as cramped inside and topheavy . Of thirteen planned ships , one was cancelled and another started but never completed . All were built in Leningrad . After the breakup of the USSR , Russia discarded many and five went to Ukraine , one of which was later transferred to Georgia after a complete refurbishment . Project 206 . 6 . R - 44 serves as a developmental ship for the Black Sea fleet , and was the first vessel anywhere to carry the SS - N - 25 “ Switchblade ” missile , in two quad - canisters . These were removed in 2000 but re - installed in 2003 . In 1998 , the SP - 521 combat data system was installed . R - 44 also has the AK - 630М1 - 2 Roy CIWS which is two 30 mm gatling guns superimposed on each other , in place of the AK - 630 . More recently , the ship has been seen with no “ Drum Tilt ” radar and a large deckhouse between the bridge and mast . Combat usage . On 9 August 2008 during the 2008 South Ossetia war , several media outlets reported that " Tbilisi " had been sunk in a nighttime action , either by a SS - N - 9 “ Siren ” ( likely from a “ Nanuchka ” class ship ) or a SS - N - 12 “ Sandbox ” ( from the Slava - class cruiser " Moskva " ) fired by the Russian navy , which was moving a flotilla into position to enforce a 50NM Total Exclusion Zone ( TEZ ) around the Georgian navy ’ s main homeport of Poti . The " Tbilisi " was in fact destroyed by Russian Airborne Troops on August 8 , 2008 in Poti port . The ship lost at sea was most likely the Stenka class patrol boat P - 21 " Giorgi Toreli " . This would have appeared very similar on radar to a Matka - class vessel , having essentially the same hull and superstructure but different armament . Ships . A total of 12 boats were built for the Soviet Navy . A gun boat version without hydrofoils was offered for export . References . Bibliography . Also published as
Oderwerke Oderwerke or Stettiner Oderwerke was a German shipbuilding company , located in Stettin . History . Oderwerke was founded on January 28 , 1903 and built 154 ships prior to World War I . During World War II Oderwerke built 2 Type VII U - boat s for the Kriegsmarine , the U - 821 and U - 822 . After the war , Oderwerke moved first to Lübeck in 1949 and later Cologne in 1950 . The company was declared bankrupt in 1961 and closed .
William Herbert Bixby William Herbert Bixby ( December 27 , 1849 – September 29 , 1928 ) graduated first in the United States Military Academy class of 1873 and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers . After serving with the engineer battalion at Willets Point and as Assistant Professor of Engineering at the Military Academy , Bixby graduated with honors from the French Ecole des ponts et chaussées . He received the Order , Legion of Honor , for assisting French Army maneuvers . Bixby headed the Wilmington , North Carolina District from 1884 to 1891 . He oversaw improvements on the Cape Fear River , modernized the area ' s coastal forts , and responded to the earthquake that hit Charleston , South Carolina , in 1886 . Bixby served next as District Engineer in Newport , Rhode Island . From 1897 to 1902 he oversaw improvements on the Ohio River and its tributaries from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati . After two years in charge of the Detroit District , he became Chicago District Engineer and Northwest Division Engineer . Bixby was president of the Mississippi River Commission in 1908 - 10 and 1917 - 18 . As Chief of Engineers , he oversaw the raising of the battleship . He retired August 11 , 1913 , but was recalled to service in 1917 as Western Division Engineer . He died September 29 , 1928 , in Washington , D . C . , aged 78 . References . " This article contains public domain text from "
William Bees William Dolman Bees VC ( 12 September 1871 – 20 June 1938 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born in Midsomer Norton , Somerset he was 29 years old , and a private in the 1st Battalion , The Derbyshire Regiment ( later The Sherwood Foresters ) , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place on 30 September 1901 at Moedwil , South Africa for which he was awarded the VC : He later achieved the rank of corporal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Sherwood Foresters Museum at Nottingham Castle , England . In the Stephensons estate , off Adam Morris Way , there is a William Bees Road , in which is likely named after him .
Hamilcar ( Drepanum ) Hamilcar was a general who succeeded to the command of the Carthaginians in the First Punic War , and after successes at Therma and the Battle of Drepanum was defeated at Ecnomus ( 256 BCE ) . Subsequently , apart from unskillful operations against Marcus Atilius Regulus , nothing certain is known of him . He is sometimes confused with the better known Hamilcar Barca , father of Hannibal .
George Allison Whiteman 2nd Lt . George Allison Whiteman ( born October 12 , 1919 in Pettis County , Missouri , died December 7 , 1941 at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii ) was an American military aviator , and was one of the first American military deaths in World War II . Whiteman Air Force Base is named for him . Biography . Whiteman , the eldest of 10 children of John and Earlie Whiteman , was born at the Wilkerson farm near Longwood . He graduated from Smith - Cotton High School in Sedalia and attended the Rolla School of Mines ( later University of Missouri - Rolla and now Missouri S & T ) before enlisting in the service in 1939 . In the spring of 1940 , Whiteman received orders to report to Randolph Field , Texas , for training as an aviator . On November 15 , 1940 , he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army Air Corps and volunteered for duty in Hawaii early the following year . As the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began , Lt . Whiteman went to his P - 40B Warhawk aircraft at Bellows Field and had just lifted off the runway when a burst of enemy gunfire hit his cockpit , wounding him and throwing the plane out of control . The plane crashed and burned just off the end of the runway . Whiteman died from his injuries . The news of his death reached his family at 10 : 13 p . m . the same day . In an interview with the " Sedalia Democrat " that night , his mother said : " It ' s hard to believe . It might have happened anytime , anywhere . We ' ve got to sacrifice loved ones if we want to win this war . " She gave the reporter a photograph of her son sitting in an aircraft with the inscription " Lucky , lucky me . " Whiteman was one of the first airmen killed during the assault which marked the United States entry into World War II , and is considered the first American pilot killed in aerial combat in WWII while serving under American forces . For his gallantry that day , Lieutenant Whiteman was posthumously awarded the Silver Star , the Purple Heart , the American Defense Medal with a Foreign Service clasp , the American Campaign Medal , the Asiatic - Pacific Campaign Medal with one bronze star , and the World War II Victory Medal . On August 24 , 1955 , 14 years after Whiteman ' s death , Air Force Chief of Staff Gen . Nathan F . Twining informed Whiteman ' s mother that the recently reopened Sedalia Air Force Base would be renamed Whiteman Air Force Base in tribute to her son . The dedication and renaming ceremony took place on December 3 , 1955 . References . " Note : Portions of this web page have been copied verbatim . The page is a work of the United States Government and therefore public domain . "
West Nova Scotia Regiment The West Nova Scotia Regiment is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces , twenty fourth in the order of precedence . It has seen active service in both the Great War and World War II . The regiment recruits volunteers from all over the province of Nova Scotia and has its headquarters at LFAATC Aldershot , near the community of Aldershot , Nova Scotia . In 19 months of combat during WWII , the West Novas won 25 battle honors , more than any other infantry regiment from Canada . Early history . The regiment was formed in 1936 by a merger of the 69th ( Annapolis ) Regiment , formed in 1717 , and the 75th ( Lunenburg ) Regiment , formed in 1870 . Both of these descend from the 40th Regiment of Foot ( Prince of Wales Volunteers ) , raised in 1717 at Fort Anne , Annapolis Royal , Nova Scotia . It also perpetuates the 112th and 219th Battalions of Infantry of the World War I Canadian Expeditionary Force . It can claim to be one of the oldest elements of the Canadian Forces . The Second World War . The regiment was mobilized for service immediately at the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 . It had however virtually no equipment or transport , and though numerous volunteers rallied to its colours , it was some time before it was an effective fighting unit . Although the regiment soon transferred to Gourock in Scotland and then to Aldershot in England , it did not see active service until the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943 , Operation Husky . It was then involved in the battle for Italy for most of the rest of the war , until February 9 , 1945 , when they received orders informing them that the 1st Canadian Corps would be transferred from Italy to Northwest Europe . The regiment moved to Marseilles , France , by sea and arrived in the Netherlands where they remained until the German surrender on May 5 , 1945 . Post war . The regiment has not been on active service since the Second World War , though units of it have served in United Nations peacekeeping forces , in countries such as the former Yugoslavia , Cyprus and the Middle East . Battle honours . First World War Second World War
1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles The 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles was a Confederate States Army regiment which fought in the Indian Territory during the American Civil War . One of its commanders was Stand Watie . Confederate officials commissioned Stand Watie a colonel in the Confederate States Army in July 1861 and authorized him to raise the First Regiment of Cherokee Mounted Volunteers . Cherokee Chief John Ross signed the Cherokee - Confederate treaty of alliance in October 1861 and raised the First Regiment of Cherokee Mounted Rifles , commanded by Col . John Drew . At this time Watie ' s regiment became the Second Regiment of Cherokee Mounted Rifles . A portion of Drew ' s regiment deserted in late 1861 . Following the Battle of Old Fort Wayne in October 1862 , most of the remainder of Drew ' s men deserted . What remained of his troops was combined with Watie ' s regiment and reorganized as the First Regiment of Cherokee Mounted Rifles with Watie in command . During the Civil War , Watie ' s troops participated in twenty - seven major engagements and numerous smaller skirmishes . Although some of the engagements were set - piece battles , most of his activities utilized guerrilla tactics . Watie ' s men launched raids from south of the Canadian River throughout northern - held Indian Territory and into Kansas and Missouri , tying down thousands of Union troops . Poorly equipped and armed mostly with castoff rifles or captured weapons , the Cherokees were well suited to this type of warfare . Watie was promoted to brigadier general in May 1864 . Watie ' s most spectacular victories included the capture of a Federal steamboat , the " J . R . Williams " , in June 1864 and the capture of a Union wagon train at the Second Battle of Cabin Creek in September 1864 . His three most infamous actions were the burning of Rose Cottage , home of Chief John Ross , and the Cherokee Council House in October 1863 , and the massacre of the First Kansas Colored Infantry and 2nd Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry at the Hay Meadow fight in September 1864 . In February 1865 Watie was given command of the Indian Division of Indian Territory but was unable to launch any offensive operations . He released most of his troops following the collapse of Confederate resistance in the spring of 1865 . After participating in the Camp Napoleon Council in May , Stand Watie officially surrendered on June 23 , 1865 , becoming the last Confederate general to lay down his arms . Battle of Pea Ridge . This battle was on March 6 – 8 , 1862 in Benton County , Arkansas with a Union victory . Battle of Old Fort Wayne . This battle was on October 22 , 1862 in Fort Wayne , Indian Territory with a Union victory . Battle of Cabin Creek . This battle was on July 1 – 2 , 1863 in Mayes County , Oklahoma with a Union victory .
280 mm mortar M1939 ( Br - 5 ) The 280 mm mortar M1939 ( Br - 5 ) ( ) was a Soviet heavy artillery piece used during World War II . This mortar was the Red Army´s heaviest field piece . Distinguished by the siege of Berlin , these weapons quickened up the Red Army´s assault on the German capital . Due to the heavy weight of shell ( 168 kg ) the blast created a 10 metre deep crater . The weapon had low rate of fire due to muzzle overheating .