naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Stone Fleet The Stone Fleet consisted of a fleet of aging ships ( mostly whaleships ) purchased in New Bedford and other New England ports , loaded with stone , and sailed south during the American Civil War by the Union Navy for use as blockship s . They were to be deliberately sunk at the entrance of Charleston Harbor , South Carolina in the hope of obstructing blockade runner s , then supplying Confederate interests . Although some sank along the way and others were sunk near Tybee Island , Georgia , to serve as breakwaters , wharves for the landing of Union troops , the majority were divided into two lesser fleets . One fleet was sunk to block the south channel off Morris Island , and the other to block the north channel near Rattlesnake Shoals off the present day Isle of Palms in what proved to be failed efforts to block access the main shipping channels into Charleston Harbor . History . Various old ships , specifically purchased by the Navy for this purpose , were loaded with stone and sand , or filled with dirt , then towed to a designated spot and sunk as a hazard to all craft that passed . Twenty - four whaleships were sunk in Charleston Harbor by Captain Charles Henry Davis , beginning on 19 December 1861 . A second fleet of 12 to 20 vessels was sunk in nearby Mafitt ' s Channel in 1862 . The operation was under the direction of Samuel Francis DuPont , Flag Officer commanding the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron . Confederate general Robert E . Lee called the measure " an abortive expression of the malice and revenge " of the North . Historians disagree as to the success of the Stone Fleet , since other channels of the Charleston Harbor remained open and the ships broke up in a year or two . However , others note that sufficient time was given for the North to build more gunboat s to patrol the harbor . The event inspired Herman Melville to write the poem entitled , " The Stone Fleet " .
HMS Malabar ( 1818 ) HMS " Malabar " was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 28 December 1818 at Bombay Dockyard . In 1843 , the " Malabar " assisted in rescuing survivors of the USS Missouri fire while in Gibraltar . She was hulked in October 1848 , eventually becoming a coal hulk , and renamed " Myrtle " in October 1883 . The hulk was sold out of the navy in July 1905 .
EMERGCON EMERGCON ( Emergency condition ) is a state of readiness that is separate from DEFCON , or defense readiness condition used by the United States , in that it incorporates civilian measures in addition to the DEFCON military measures . Generally , EMERGCONs are a state of readiness following an ICBM ( intercontinental ballistic missile ) attack . Other forces go to DEFCON 1 during EMERGCONs . There are two types of EMERGCONs : Although the United States military has gone into defense readiness various times ( such as the Cuban Missile Crisis ) , it has never had a major EMERGCON .
Chikugo - class destroyer escort The " Chikugo " class destroyer escort ( or frigate ) of the Japanese Maritime Self - Defense Force is the successor of Isuzu class , with the same ASW mission . This class was followed by . This is the first post World War II Japanese destroyer escort to carry ASROC Anti - submarine missile s . This class was designed as the modified variant of the , the preceding destroyer escort class . The main anti - submarine weapon was changed from the M / 50 375mm ( 14 . 8 in ) ASW rocket launcher to the ASROC Anti - submarine missile . The octuple launcher for ASROC was stationed at the mid - deck , and the entire ship design was prescribed by this stationing . To exploit the range of ASROC , this class was equipped with the long - range low - frequency ( 5 kHz ) bow sonar , OQS - 3A ( Japanese version of the AN / SQS - 23 ) , and in addition , the latter batch had SQS - 35 ( J ) Variable Depth Sonar system . These anti - submarine sensors and weapons could be compare with those of destroyers in the main fleet of this age , such as and . In contrast to their anti - submarine capability , the anti - aircraft fire power was weakened compared to the preceding class . The foredeck gun was a Type 68 3 " / 50 caliber twin cannon controlled by a FCS - 1B Gun Fire Control System , which was standard anti - air weapon system in the JMSDF of this age . But the afterdeck gun was the old - fashioned Bofors 40 mm L / 60 twin cannon , lacking the anti - ship missile defense ( ASMD ) capability . The final batch of this class was planned to equipped with the new Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon , but this plan was frustrated because of the budgetary consideration .
RAAF Transport Flight ( Japan ) Transport Flight ( Japan ) was a Royal Australian Air Force air transport unit . The Flight was formed on 14 March 1955 at Iwakuni , Japan with a strength of three C - 47 Dakotas and one CAC Wirraway . Transport Flight ( Japan ) ' s main duty was to fly a regular service between Japan and South Korea in support of the Commonwealth of Nations military units based there following the end of the Korean War . The Flight flew its last courier flights on 28 June 1956 , returned to Australia in July and was disbanded on 28 September 1956 .
Fort Buckley The remains of Fort Buckley , in Wellington , New Zealand , overlook the Interislander ferry terminal . The fort was built in 1885 , and included two rifled muzzle loading guns , which had a range of about three kilometres . During World War 2 an anti - aircraft gun was installed . Today the concrete foundations of the two RML guns remain , but the anti - aircraft gun ' s location is harder to spot . The path to the fort has been cleared of shrub many times ( the area has had several shrub fires ) but the cuttings have been dumped in the gun pits and built up over time . The land is owned by Wellington City Council , and has been set aside as a reserve .
Elizabeth C . Stanton - class transport The " Elizabeth C . Stanton " class transport ship was a transport class of the United States Navy that originated just prior to the second World War . There existed only four ships to the class . The class is named for Elizabeth Cady Stanton . All ships of this class are named for important women in history .
Dalola raid The Chadian village of Dalola was raided on May 1 , 2006 , by 150 Janjaweed . The raid came two days before a highly controversial , scheduled presidential election in which current Chadian President Idriss Déby was expected to win another five - year term in office . UNHCR spokesman Matthew Conway said , while in the city of Abéché , that according to survivors of the attack 1 , 000 cattle were stolen when " three small settlements near the larger village of Dalola were surrounded by Janjaweed . Some were seen in military uniform others in military attire . The Janjaweed opened fire on them and the gunfire lasted one hour . Afterwards they were seen heading southeast towards Koukou and the border . Initial reports show four dead and six wounded by bullet s . They have been brought to the health centre at Goz Amer refugee camp . We are being told that they were Janjaweed . The ' Janjaweed ' seem to be taking advantage of huge security vacuums on the Chad - Sudan border . " Those who escaped the raid were treated by Italian doctors at Goz Amer refugee camp , located a few miles from Dalola where 17 , 000 Sudanese Fur refugees are currently living .
TKB - 059 TKB - 059 ( ТКБ - 059 ) was a Soviet three - barrel bullpup assault rifle , capable of fully automatic fire , chambered for the 7 . 62 x 39 mm round and manufactured by the Tula State Arsenal in 1966 . It was based on the Pribor 3B ( Прибор 3Б ) , a earlier experimental assault rifle with three barrels . Both weapons were developed by the small arms designer G . A . Korobov . Both weapons used a tripled 7 . 62 x 39 mm magazine with a capacity of 90 rounds , with each barrel independently fed from the magazine . TKB - 059 can be fired ambidextrously as the cartridge ejection is downwards behind the magazine area . TKB - 059 can now be seen at the Tula arms museum .
DFW R . III The DFW R . III was a German bomber aircraft designed during World War I , but which had not yet been built when the end of the war led to the project ' s cancellation . Conceptually similar to DFW ' s preceding R . I and R . II designs , the R . III was to have been a much larger aircraft , powered by eight engines . As with the previous designs , these were to be housed inside the fuselage , driving propellers by long driveshafts . In the R . III design , however , these propellers were to be mounted on a nacelle in the interplane gap . Each end of this nacelle would carry two co - axial propellers , each driven by a separate engine . Had it been built , the R . III would have been the largest aircraft in the world at the time .
Battle of Carrhae ( 296 ) The Battle of Carrhae took place in 296 or 297 , after the invasion of Mesopotamia and Armenia by the Sassanid Shah Narseh . The battle ended with victory for the Sassanids . Two years later Galerius managed to defeat the Sassanids at the Battle of Satala ( 298 ) .
Sopwith Swallow The Sopwith Swallow was a British parasol wing fighter aircraft of the First World War . A single example was built , but it saw no production , offering no performance advantages over contemporary biplanes . Design and development . In June 1918 , the Sopwith Aviation Company flew an unarmed parasol monoplane derivative of the Sopwith Camel , the Sopwith Monoplane No . 1 , also known as the Sopwith Scooter . It used a normal Camel fuselage , with the wing mounted just above the fuselage , with a very small gap . The wing was braced using RAF - wire ( streamlined bracing wires ) to a pyramid shaped cabane above the wing . It was powered by a single 130 hp ( 97 kW ) Clerget 9B rotary engine . The Scooter , which was used as a runabout and aerobatic mount by Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker , demonstrated excellent manouevrability , and formed the basis of a fighter derivative , originally the Monoplane No . 2 , and later known as the Sopwith Swallow . Like the Scooter , the Swallow used the fuselage of a Camel , but it had a larger , slightly swept , wing of greater wingspan and area , which was mounted higher above the fuselage to allow the pilot to access the two synchronised Vickers machine gun s . It was powered by a 110 hp ( 82 kW ) Le Rhône engine . Operational history . The Swallow made its maiden flight in October 1918 , and was delivered to RAF Martlesham Heath on 28 October 1918 for official testing . One possible role for the Swallow was as a shipboard fighter . Engine problems delayed testing of the Swallow , but when these problems were resolved , the Swallow proved to have lower performance than Le Rhône - powered Camels , and was discarded soon after testing was completed in May 1919 . The Swallow remained in use , and was given the civil registration " K - 135 " in May 1919 ( soon changed to " G - EACZ " ) . It was sold to Harry Hawker in April 1921 , but was placed into storage when Hawker was killed in July . It was refurbished in 1925 and was used for aerobatic displayes and for racing until 1927 when it was scrapped .
Robert Blume Robert Blume ( November 19 , 1868 – September 16 , 1937 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for his actions . Biography . Blume was born November 19 , 1868 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , and after entering the navy in 1897 he was sent as a seaman to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the . He died September 16 , 1937 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His grave can be found in section 6 , grave 9752 - SS , map grid V / W 19 . 5 . Stolen Medal of Honor . In 2003 an agent working for the Federal Bureau of Investigation was posing as a buyer when two people attempted to sell two Medals of Honor to him . One medal belonged to Blume and the other to United States Army First Sergeant George Washington Roosevelt who received his in actions during the American Civil War . Edward Fedora and his wife , were charged with violating , " Unlawful Sale of a Medal of Honor " . Edward Fedora , a Canadian businessman , plead guilty and was sentenced to prison , but there is no record of what happened to his wife Gisela . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 19 November 1868 , Pittsburgh , Pa . Accredited to : New Jersey . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Nashville during the cutting of the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Blume set an example of extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action .
Saritch 308 The Saritch 308 ( Buzzard ) is a prototype of Bullpup designated marksman rifle of Russian origin under development by Tula Arms . Designed by engineer Alexander Shevchenko and design student Andrey Ovsyannikov , the . 308 semi - auto rifle is a testbed for a new firing mechanism planned to be used in a modular weapon system ranging from carbines to light machine guns . The first working model is planned for testing in late 2010 .
Waffenamt Waffenamt ( WaA ) was the German Army Weapons Agency . It was the centre for research and development of Germany and also during the Third Reich for weapons , ammunition and army equipment to the German Reichswehr and later Wehrmacht . It was founded 8 November 1919 as Reichwaffenamt ( RWA ) , and 5 May 1922 the name was changed to Heereswaffenamt ( HWA ) . The task of overseeing the Germany ' s gigantic World War II rearmament process was given to the " Heeresabnahmestelle " ( the Army Acceptance Organization , commonly referred to as the " Abnahme " ) , a subsidiary of the " Heereswaffenamt " . By 1940 the " Abnahme " consisted of 25 , 000 men in five departments in 16 inspection areas , augmented by specially selected plant personnel who were assigned to assist the " Waffenamt " inspectors in each manufacturing facility . Later , in the middle of 1944 , approximately 8 , 000 of these " Abnahme " inspectors were " freed for service at the front " . The " Heeres - Abnahmewesen " was responsible for the testing and acceptance of all weapons , equipment and ammunition before delivery to the " Wehrmacht " . Inspections were carried out according to detailed guidelines called " " Technische Lieferbedingungen " " ( TLs ) prepared by the various " Waffenprüfämter " ( " WaPrüf " ) departments When the rearmament program began , " Waffenamt " inspection departments were established in each factory and armourers were encouraged to apply for positions there . In preparation for their new duties they were given a four - week course at the " Heereswaffenmeisterschule " ( Army Armourers School ) . The course ended with a test for Technical Inspector which raised the rank of each successful applicant to that of " Oberleutnant " ( First Lieutenant ) . At the beginning of 1935 , all inspection officials in the newly created program started on an equal footing as Technical Inspectors , but by the start of the war in 1939 nearly all of them had been promoted to Technical Inspector First Class with a rank of " Hauptmann " ( Captain ) . Waffenamt codes is the German inspection proof mark .
RAF Matlaske RAF Matlaske ( known officially as RAF Matlask ) was a satellite air field of the Royal Air Force to RAF Coltishall , situated near Matlaske in Norfolk , England . History . In September 1942 , the airfield was allocated to the 8th United States Army Air Forces as a fighter base but was only used from March to April 1943 by P - 47 Thunderbolt s of the 56th Fighter Group from RAF Kings Cliffe . From August 1942 to July 1943 , No . 56 Squadron RAF Typhoons from RAF Snailwell moved to Manston . No . 195 , 245 , 266 and 609 Squadron Typhoons , No . 19 Sqn Spitfires and the USAAF ' s 56th Fighter Group P - 47 Thunderbolts were detached here at various times from August 1942 to August 1943 . From April to May 1943 , No . 1489 Flight RAF conducted target towings with Hawker Henley s , Westland Lysander s , M . 25 Martinets and M . 9 Masters , which were also based at RAF Coltishall and RAF Sutton Bridge . In August 1943 , the airfield was transferred to 8th USAAF control and rebuilt . Reopened in September 1944 and used by 3 , 19 , 56 , 65 , 122 , 229 , 451 , 453 , 485 , and 601 Squadrons at various times until October 1945 . From July to October 1945 , the British Army operated Taylorcraft Auster s as liaison aircraft from here . Units . The following units served at Matlaske at one point or another during World War II : Aircraft . The following aircraft types served at the base :
Edwin B . Winans ( general ) Edwin Baruch Winans ( October 31 , 1869 – December 31 , 1947 ) was an American army officer with the rank of Major General . Early life . Winans was born in Hamburg , Michigan as the son of the Hon . Edwin B . Winans , Governor of Michigan . He attended the United States Military Academy and graduated in 1891 , after which he was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the 5th Cavalry on June 12 , 1891 . Military service . He served in the Indian Territory and Texas during 1891 – 97 ; was a professor of military science and tactics , Michigan Military Academy , 1897 – 98 ; and served with a regiment in the Philippines , 1899 – 1900 . He was with the Punitive Expedition in Mexico in 1916 . During World War I , Winans commanded the 64th Brigade Infantry , 32d Division , 1st Army Corps , American Expeditionary Force . On August 23 , 1920 , he took command of the Tenth Cavalry at Fort Huachuca and distinguished himself as a leader able to vastly improve a unit while commanding respect , loyalty , and results . The following year , former Third Army commander Major General Joseph T . Dickman , VIII Corps Area Commanding General , commended him for the condition of the Tenth Cavalry , and for the excellent morale and esprit of the regiment . On the whole , I consider the Tenth Cavalry to be as good , and in some respects better , than the Thirteenth Cavalry , which up to this time , was in the best condition of any regiment I had ever inspected . Colonel Winans was quick to relate the commendation to his troops , saying that the " officers and men are entitled to equal share in the credit , for without their cooperation , such a showing would have been impossible . " In 1927 he was assigned as Superintendent of the U . S . Military Academy . Then he was assigned as commander of the Hawaiian Division . Later , he commanded the 8th Corps Area , Fort Sam Houston , Texas , until he was assigned the task of reactivation of the Third Army . Winans assumed command of the Third Army September 15 , 1932 , at Fort Sam Houston , Texas . He retired October 31 , 1933 . After retirement , he served on a League of Nations commission . Major General Winans ' awards include the Distinguished Service Medal " for exceptionally distinguished and meritorious service " during three major offensives ; Légion d ' honneur and Croix de Guerre with two palms by the French Government . He made his home in Vienna , Virginia . He died on December 31 , 1947 , and was buried in the cemetery at the U . S . Military Academy .
Tooele Army Depot Tooele Army Depot ( TEAD ) is a United States Army post located in Tooele County , Utah . It serves as a storage site for war reserve and training ammunition . The depot stores , issues , receives , renovates , modifies , maintains and demilitarizes conventional munitions . The depot also serves as the National Inventory Control Point for ammunition peculiar equipment , developing , fabricating , modifying , storing and distributing such equipment to all services and other customers worldwide . TEAD provides base support to Deseret Chemical Depot . Tooele Army Depot originally opened in 1942 during the early phase of U . S . involvement in World War II . The workforce at the post is now primarily composed of civilians . A full colonel serves as the commander . As of July 2011 , Colonel Christopher O . Mohan is the base commander . Capabilities . Capabilities of the depot include : engineering ; explosives performance testing ; logistical support ; machining , fabrication , assembly , repair ; robotics ; non - destructive testing ; demilitarization ; laser cutting ; and Slurry Emulsion Manufacturing Facility . History . Built in 1945 , TEAD was originally called the Tooele Ordnance Depot and was a storage depot for war supplies . In 1988 , TEAD acquired the general supply storage mission from Pueblo Army Depot . In BRAC 1993 , it lost its troop support mission , maintenance and storage missions . TEAD retained its ammunition logistics support function . Facilities . TEAD is housed on with 1 , 093 buildings , 902 igloos and storage capacity of BRAC 2005 . TEAD will gain the ammunition storage function from Sierra Army Depot , which will be realigning due to Base Realignment and Closure 2005 . Environment . TEAD was placed on the Environmental Protection Agency ’ s National Priority List ( Superfund ) in 1990 . In 2009 , the Tooele Army Depot was awarded the 31st Annual Secretary of the Army Energy and Water Management Award and the 2009 Federal Energy and Water Management Award . This was based on conservation efforts which saved TEAD more than $ 60 , 000 and nearly 100 million gallons of water per year .
No . 9 Group RAF No . 9 Group RAF was a group of the Royal Air Force . History . The group was first formed on 1 April 1918 in No . 2 Area . The next month it was transferred to South - Western Area and then disbanded on 15 May 1919 . Its next incarnation was as part of RAF Fighter Command . As 1940 wore on , the need for another Group headquarters to control fighter operations became more and more apparent . No . 9 Group was formed in September 1940 to cover north - west England and Northern Ireland . It was based at Samlesbury Aerodrome , Lancashire , which eventually had three runways , and was the site of an English Electric factory building Handley Page Hampden and Handley Page Halifax bombers . No . 9 Group itself had a relative short lifespan . By 1944 it was predominantly a training formation . On 6 June 1944 , with its headquarters at RAF Barton Hall , Preston , Lancashire , it comprised two sector stations , RAF Honiley and RAF Woodvale , eight Operational Training Units , three Tactical Exercise Units , the AI Conversion Unit , the Fighter Leaders ' School , No . 2 Aircraft Delivery Flight , No . 58 Repair and Salvage Unit , three other support / supply units , and the 9 Group Communications Flight flying Hawker Hurricane s and Airspeed Oxford s from Samlesbury Aerodrome . It was absorbed into No . 12 Group RAF on 15 September 1944 . Commanders . The following officers had command of No . 9 Group :