naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
FV105 Sultan FV105 Sultan is a British Army command and control vehicle based on the CVR ( T ) platform . It has a higher roof than the APC variants , providing a more comfortable " office space " inside . This contains a large vertical map board and desk along one side , with a bench seat for three people facing it . Forward of this are positions for the radio operator with provision for four radios and vehicle commander , whose seat can be raised which also gave his access to the pintle mounted G . P . M . G . The driver sits forward of this in a small compartment beside the engine space , on a chair with a spring - loaded seat that allows him to recline inside the vehicle or sit upright with his head out of the hatch . The back of the vehicle is designed to be extended by an attached tent to form a briefing area . The map board can be removed from the vehicle and hung from the tent poles , along with overhead lights connected to the Sultan ' s power supply . However , this option has been removed from many vehicles in service . In common with the other CVR ( T ) vehicles , the Sultan was originally fitted with a canvas skirt for river crossing . Because of its high roof this was needed only at the front which slopes downwards . The swimming skirt has been permanently removed from all CVR ( T ) vehicles in the British Army . The Sultan contains an NBC filter pack for protection against chemical gas , biological agents and radioactive particles .
USS Shrike ( MSC - 201 ) USS " Shrike " ( MSC - 201 ) was an " Redwing " - class motor minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for clearing coastal minefields . " MSC - 201 " was laid down on 1 September 1953 by Tampa Marine Co . , Tampa , Florida ; launched on 21 July 1954 ; sponsored by Mrs . A . John Miller ; and commissioned on 21 March 1955 , Lt . ( jg ) W . E . O ' Leary , in command . " Shrike " was originally laid down as AMS - 201 , but her classification was changed to MSC - 201 on 7 February 1955 . East Coast operations . " Shrike " sailed from Tampa on 2 April for Charleston , South Carolina , arriving there on 5 April . From 15 May to 24 June , she conducted shakedown training at Key West , Florida . She returned to Charleston on 26 June . For the remainder of the year , the minesweeper operated between Charleston and Key West as a unit of Mine Squadron 4 . Shrike was assigned to the Mine Force , Atlantic Fleet , and the operational control of Commander , Operational Test and Evaluation Force , Atlantic Fleet , with her homeport at Key West . Supporting missile testing and search and rescue . The minesweeper operated out of that port until 30 June 1965 . During these years , the ship conducted local operations , conducted experiments with new equipment , evaluated new type mines , and provided services for the missile testing facility at Cape Canaveral . In November 1963 , her evaluation testing was interrupted when she was deployed to locate and assist in the salvage of a downed U - 2 aircraft in Florida Bay . Reassigned as minesweeper . On 30 June 1965 , " Shrike ' s " homeport was changed to Charleston ; she was assigned to Mine Division 42 , and her status was changed from an experimental ship to a sweeper in the mine force . She conducted operations from Charleston for the next three years which took her as far north as Newport , Rhode Island , as far south as the Caribbean , and one trip to New Orleans , Louisiana . Service as a training ship . On 27 September 1968 , " Shrike " was decommissioned at Wilmington , North Carolina , and became a U . S . Naval Reserve training ship for the 6th Naval District . Decommissioning . " Shrike " was struck from the Naval Register , 1 July 1975 and scrapped , April 1978 . Fate : unknown .
Hans Sturm ( soldier ) Hans Sturm ( 29 July 1920 – 11 December 2004 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Sturm was captured by Soviet forces in May 1945 and was held until 1953 . < div class = " references - small " > < / div class = " references - small " >
Albert W . Kenner Albert Walton Kenner ( December 15 , 1889 – November 12 , 1959 ) was a highly decorated Major General in the Medical Corps of the United States Army . During World War II , he was a Chief medical officer for Operation Torch and Operation Overlord . Early life and World War I . Albert Walton Kenner was born on December 15 , 1889 , in Holyoke , Massachusetts . In his youth , his family moved to Virginia , where he grew up . He attended an Emerson Institute and subsequently George Washington University , where he earned his M . D . in 1915 . Kenner joined the Army in 1916 and served during Pancho Villa Expedition . Following World War I , Kenner sailed to France with the American Expeditionary Force , where he served as a medical officer in the 26th Infantry Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division . During the heavy fighting at Soissons , the regimental commander , Colonel Hamilton A . Smith , was mortally wounded . Kenner voluntarily went through front lines under heavy machine - gun fire in the hope of helping him . Finding Colonel Smith dead , he recovered his body and returned to his lines . For this action , Kenner was decorated for gallantry with the Distinguished Service Cross . In addition to his World War I decorations , he received three Silver Star s , a Purple Heart for wounds , French Croix de guerre 1914 – 1918 with Palm and Legion of Honour . Retirement . Major general Kenner retired on June 30 , 1949 and stayed in Washington , D . C . area with his wife , Raymonde Minard Kenner ( 1896 - 1959 ) until his death on November 12 , 1959 at the age of 69 years . On April 16 , 1962 , the army hospital at Fort Lee , Virginia ( now Kenner Army Health Clinic ) was named in his honor . Decorations . For his military services , major general Albert W . Kenner received a large number of decorations for gallantry in action or for other distinguished service . Distinguished Service Cross Citation . His official Distinguished Service Cross Citation reads : Ribbon bar . Here is his ribbon bar :
Dai ( Sixteen Kingdoms ) Dai ( ) was a state of the Xianbei Mongol clan of Tuoba , during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China . It existed from 310 to 376 AD , with its capital at Shengle ( 盛樂 ) ( near modern Holingol county ( 和林格爾 ) of Hohhot , Inner Mongolia ) . The name " Dai " originated when Tuoba Yilu was appointed Duke of Dai ( 代公 ) by the Western Jin in 310 AD , as a reward for helping Liu Kun ( 劉琨 ) , the Governor of Bingzhou ( 并州 ) , fight against the Xiongnu state of Han Zhao . The fief was later promoted from a duchy to a principality . Dai was conquered in 376 by the Former Qin state , and its descendants later established the Northern Wei Dynasty in the 4th century . Dai in astronomy . Dai is represented by two stars , Iota Capricorni ( , ) and 38 Capricorni ( , ) , in " Twelve States " asterism .
1st Minnesota Heavy Artillery Regiment The 1st Minnesota Volunteer Heavy Artillery Regiment was a regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 1st Minnesota Heavy Artillery mustered in at St . Paul , and Rochester , Minnesota , between November 1864 and February 1865 . Many of the officers were recruited from discharged veteran sergeants of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment and corporals from the 3rd Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment , 4th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment , and 5th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment . It was composed of twelve companies , each containing 140 men , with officers . The regiment was assigned to the garrison of Chattanooga , Tennessee where it was in charge of the heavy guns and forts because it was feared General John Hood might try and retake the city . The regiment , which saw no combat action , remained there until the close of the war . The 1st Minnesota " Heavies " were mustered out of service on September 27 , 1865 . Albert Woolson , who was a 14 - year - old company drummer in the regiment , became the last surviving veteran of the American Civil War from either side . He died in 1956 . Casualties and total strength . 87 enlisted men died of disease . Total fatalities were 87 .
Coupure A coupure is a means of closing an opening in a wall , floodwall or levee ( dike ) . The word comes from the french verb " couper " which means to cut . In historic times a coupure was a location where a breach in the city walls or the walls of a fortress was closed . In more modern times a coupure is a way of allowing traffic to pass a flood protection structure . Military . During a siege a coupure is a ditch or an earthenwork or wooden palisade built behind a breach in the walls of a fortress , or a city , made by the attacker ' s guns . Its purpose is to hinder and frustrate an attack made by the forlorn hope . This was a strategy used many times by defenders of fortifications , for example , by the Irish defenders during the Siege of Clonmel ( April - May 1650 ) . It can also be a passage through a glacis to create a sally port so that the defenders can launch a Sortie against the attackers . Civil engineering . When a road or railway crosses a floodwall or levee the road or railway can either be laid on a grade or through a cut in the floodwall or levee . In case of expected flooding the cut can temporarily be closed . This type of coupure is also known as " vehicle gate " , " floodwall gate " or similar names . The closure can be accomplished by various means . The most basic means of closing a coupure is with soil or sandbag s . More sophisticated means of closing a coupure consist of wooden or metal beams or doors . Older coupures are usually brick built structures with provisions for placing two stacks of beams between them . Between the stacks of beams , which form two walls , horse manure or other animal faeces mixed with straw is dumped and compacted . This type of material swells when wet , thus providing additional waterproofing . Modern coupures can consist of only one wall and can be made watertight with the help of rubber flaps or other materials . References . Stephen Francis Wyley " A Dictionary of Military Architecture Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century " , Drawings by Steven Lowe
Wilhelm Frickart Leutnant Wilhelm Frickart was a World War I flying ace credited with twelve aerial victories . He is the only known German observer to become an ace balloon buster . Biography . Frickart was originally assigned to duty as an observer / gunner on the Russian Front with FA 24 ( later redubbed FA 242 ) . He scored his first victory on 12 April , teaming with Leopold Anslinger to shoot down a Voisin . He followed up for a second one on 27 April . The latter half of June , from the 15th through the 28th , he shot down five Russian observation balloons . Frickart then went for pilot training , and was consequently assigned to FA 20 on the Western Front . He had three wins there , only one of which , scored on 17 March 1918 , was confirmed . From there , he progressed to flying fighters for Jasta 64 in mid - 1918 . He then moved to Jasta 65 on 19 August 1918 as deputy commander under fellow ace Otto Fitzner , and intermittently commanded the squadron while scoring his last four wins between 30 August and 4 October 1918 . References . " Above the Lines : The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service , Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918 " Norman L . R . Franks , et al . Grub Street , 1993 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 73 - 9 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 73 - 1 .
Bedford RL The Bedford RL was the British military ' s main medium lorry ( truck ) , built by Bedford Vehicles , from the mid - 1950s until the late 1960s . They superseded the Bedford OY . History . The Bedford RL was based on on the Bedford SCL , a civilian 7 - ton truck . The military version had all wheel drive and bigger wheels to increase ground clearance . Originally conservatively rated at 3 tons , all RL GS ( general service ) trucks in British Military service were , at a late stage in their service lives , re - rated at 4 tons without any mechanical modifications ; the weight referring to its rated cross country payload weight . The last RL rolled off the production line in the early 1970s , and all together a total of 74 , 000 being produced . Design . The RL was powered by a petrol engine producing , although some were fitted with diesel engines . Variants . Many specialist variants were also built ; including recovery vehicle s , mobile workshops , radio vans and cable layers . The Green Goddess fire engine was also based on the RL . The RL and variants continued to serve alongside the later Bedford MK and Bedford TM trucks until well into the 1990s . The Home Office also purchased a large number of these vehicles , kept in reserve for any national emergency . All have now since been disposed of , many having less than on the clock .
78th Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 78th Reserve Division ( " 78 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed at the end of December 1914 and organized over the next month , arriving in the line in early February 1915 . It was part of the second large wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I , which were numbered the 75th through 82nd Reserve Divisions . The division was initially part of XXXIX Reserve Corps . The division was disbanded in September 1918 and its assets distributed to other units . The division was relatively mixed . The 258th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from the Prussian Rhine Province , the 259th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg , and the 260th Reserve Infantry Regiment was mainly from the Prussian Province of Hanover , with troops from the Duchy of Brunswick as well . Combat chronicle . The 78th Reserve Division initially fought on the Eastern Front , seeing its first action in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes . In May 1915 , it participated in a raid into Lithuania and Courland . It later fought in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive , and fought before Daugavpils from September to November 1915 . It remained in positional warfare before Daugavpils until April 1917 , after which it was transferred to the Western Front . It fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also called the Third Battle of Champagne ( and called by the Germans the Double Battle on the Aisne and in the Champagne ) . It resisted the French offensive at Verdun in August and September 1917 . In 1918 , it fought in the Second Battle of the Marne , including in the Battle of Château - Thierry . After fighting between the Marne and the Vesle , the division was dissolved , with the remnants being distributed to other units . Allied intelligence rated the division as third class . Order of battle on formation . The 78th Reserve Division , like the other divisions of its wave and unlike earlier German divisions , was organized from the outset as a triangular division . The order of battle of the division on December 29 , 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on January 4 , 1918 . The most significant wartime structural change in the divisions of this wave was the reduction from two field artillery regiments to one . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and the enlargement of combat engineer support to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on January 4 , 1918 was as follows :
Hanriot HD . 2 The Hanriot HD . 2 was a fighter aircraft produced in France during the First World War . The design was based on that of the HD . 1 , but the HD . 2 was a purpose - built floatplane . It made use of enlarged tail surfaces and shorter wingspans with greater area . Like its predecessor , though , it was a conventional single - bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span . The prototype had a twin pontoon undercarriage , with a small third pontoon under the tail . The third pontoon was later discarded on production machines , though . The HD . 2 was developed specifically as an interceptor to defend flying boat bases , but soon was used as an escort fighter to protect French reconnaissance flying boats . The United States Navy also bought 10 examples with wheeled undercarriages , designated HD . 2C . Both the French and United States navies used these aircraft in early experiments in launching fighters from warships . The United States Navy replicated the French trials where a HD . 1 had been launched from a platform built atop one of the turrets of the battleship " Paris " and built a similar platform on the USS " Mississippi " to launch a HD . 2 from . The French Navy converted some of their HD . 2s to wheeled configuration and used them for trials on the new aircraft carrier Béarn . A final experiment in launching a HD . 2 from a ship was carried out in 1924 with two new - built examples designated H . 29 . An unorthodox launching system was developed where the aircraft were equipped with three small pulley - wheels , one on each tip of the upper wing , and one at the tip of the tail fin . These ran along metal rails that had been attached to project horizontally from the mast of the battleship " Lorraine " . This did not work as hoped , succeeding only in depositing the aircraft into the water below . Further trials were discontinued .
USS Gladiator ( 1876 ) USS " Gladiator " was built in 1876 at St . Mary ' s , Georgia ; chartered from the Wilmington Towing Co . , Wilmington , North Carolina ; commissioned 19 April 1918 ; and assigned to the 5th Naval District . Tugboats Swapped with Owner . On 20 August 1918 the tug " Emily B . " owned by the same company , was substituted for " Gladiator " . On 20 December 1918 " Gladiator " decommissioned and was returned to her owners .
RoAF 90th Airlift Base The Romanian Air Force 90th Airlift Base ( " Baza 90 Transport Aerian " ) is located at the Henri Coandă International Airport , near Bucharest . In 1949 , the 49th Transport Group was the first unit to be settled at Otopeni airfield . Later , in 1971 , a special squadron was commissioned here and after few years this squadron became the 50th Airlift Wing . On March 1 , 1990 , by gathering together these two units , the 90th Airlift Base was officially formed . The base is currently home to the 901st , 902nd , 903rd , 904th , 905th aviation squadrons , operating C - 130 Hercules , C - 27J Spartan , An - 26 , An - 30 , IAR - 330L and IAR - 330 SOCAT . The 90th Airlift Base is also the home of the Presidential and Government aircraft . In October 2004 , the 61st Helicopter Squadron was transferred to the 90th Airlift Base , adding IAR - 330 SOCAT to its inventory . The 90th Airlift Base has also MEDEVAC capability . 2007 IAR - 330 SOCAT crash . Three crewmen were killed on November 7 , 2007 , including Commander Bucur Nicolae ( one of the most experienced RoAF pilots , with over 2 , 700 flying hours ) , when an IAR - 330 Puma SOCAT attack helicopter belonging to the 90th Airlift Base crashed in Ungheni , near Piteşti , Argeş County . The aircraft was performing a night training mission at the moment it disappeared from radar . Immediately after the crash , the 90th air base detached two helicopters for a search and rescue mission .
1984 Cameroonian coup attempt An attempted coup d ' état occurred in Cameroon in 1984 ; presidential palace guards unsuccessfully tried to overthrow President Paul Biya , resulting in fighting that began on April 6 , 1984 and ended several days later . The coup attempt is widely viewed as one of the most crucial events in the history of Cameroon since independence in 1960 . Background . After nearly 23 years as President of Cameroon , Ahmadou Ahidjo resigned for unclear reasons in November 1982 and was succeeded by Prime Minister Paul Biya . Despite his resignation , Ahidjo remained President of the Cameroon National Union ( CNU ) , the ruling party , and retained enormous political influence . Although Ahidjo ' s resignation was voluntary and he was initially happy to see Biya take his place as President ( although Biya was a Christian from the south and Ahidjo was a Muslim from the north ) , a power struggle between the two developed in 1983 . Ahidjo attempted to assert his supremacy by arguing that the party should make policy decisions and that the state should merely implement them , but Biya in turn pointed out that the constitution assigned responsibility for determining policy to the President of the Republic . Ahidjo went into exile in July 1983 , and on August 22 , 1983 , Biya publicly accused Ahidjo of plotting a coup , while simultaneously dismissing two key Ahidjo loyalists — Prime Minister Maigari Bello Bouba and Minister of State for the Armed Forces Maikano Abdoulaye — from the government . Ahidjo bitterly criticized Biya from exile , accusing him of paranoia and misrule , and he resigned as President of the CNU . In February 1984 he was sentenced to death " in absentia " for alleged involvement in the 1983 coup plot , although the sentence was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment by Biya . In early April 1984 , President Biya ordered a transfer of all presidential palace guards who came from the predominantly Muslim north , probably because he had been alerted to a coup plot involving those soldiers . Dissident members of the palace guard promptly reacted to the order by rebelling against Biya ; the plot ' s leaders may have been forced to launch their coup attempt prematurely due to Biya ' s order to relocate the soldiers away from the capital , Yaoundé . After several days of heavy fighting in Yaoundé , Biya loyalists defeated the rebels . Estimates of the death toll ranged from 71 ( according to the government ) to about 1 , 000 . More than 1 , 000 accused dissidents were arrested shortly afterward , and 35 of them were immediately sentenced to death and executed . The government declared a state of emergency lasting six months in Yaoundé and the surrounding region . Although Ahidjo was not overtly involved in the coup attempt , it was widely believed that he had masterminded it from exile . The failure of the coup attempt was followed by Biya ' s full consolidation of power ; in 1985 he relaunched the CNU as the Cameroon People ' s Democratic Movement ( CPDM ) .
Basilisk ( cannon ) The basilisk was a very heavy bronze cannon employed during the Middle Ages . The barrel of a basilisk could weigh up to 4 , 000 lb ( 1 , 800 kg ) and could have a calibre of up to 5 inches ( 13 cm ) . On average they were around 10 feet long , though some , like Queen Elizabeth ' s Pocket Pistol , were almost three times that length . The basilisk got its name from the mythological basilisk : a fire - breathing venomous serpent that could cause large - scale destruction and kill its victims with its glance alone . It was thought that the very sight of its 160 lb shot would be enough to scare the enemy to death . In 1588 the Spanish Armada was equipped with many basilisks for their invasion of England with the intent of using them to besiege towns loyal to Elizabeth I . Many of these guns were lost when the ships were wrecked on their return to Spain . Due to its large size , the basilisk fell out of favour of European generals , who preferred lighter , more accurate artillery in the late 16th century . A late example is the Maltese Gun , built in Holland in 1607 and , like many of its contemporaries , was fitted with a replacement carriage during the Napoleonic Wars .
94th Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) History . The 94th Division was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10 , 000 men . It was a component of the 30th Army which had each of its divisions re - allocated as reinforcements to the 20th , 26th and the 27th Armies . The 94th Division was attached to the 27th Army . Current . The current status of the unit is unknown .