naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
43rd ( Wessex ) Infantry Division The 43rd ( Wessex ) Infantry Division was a British Territorial Force division formed in 1908 . It was reformed in 1920 as part of the Territorial Army . A second line duplicate , the 45th ( Wessex ) Infantry Division , was raised on the doubling of the Territorials for both world wars . The division was reformed in the Territorial Army after the Second World War . Beckett 2008 says that TA units that were in suspended animation were formally reactivated on 1 January 1947 , though no personnel were assigned until commanding officers and permanent staff had been appointed in March and April 1947 . On 1 May 1961 the division was merged with a district to become 43rd ( Wessex ) Division / District . History . The Division was created in 1908 along with the rest of the Territorial Force . On 24 September 1914 , it accepted overseas service in India in order to relieve regular units that were required for active service in Europe . The Divisional and Brigade HQs , both artillery and infantry , did not embark for India . The " Division " sailed on 9 October 1914 and arrived in India in November , where it remained throughout the Great War , reverting to peacetime service conditions . However , it supplied battalions and drafts of reinforcements for the divisions fighting in the Middle East . In the Second World War , it fought in Normandy , where it was initially earmarked as a reserve for Operation Epsom . In July , it launched an attack against the German 9th SS Panzer Division at Hill 112 , though it was beaten back after both sides had suffered horrendous casualties . The 43rd performed well , and was considered one of the best British Divisions in the Second World War . It was the first British formation to cross the Seine river , with an assault crossing at the French town of Vernon opposed by the German 49th Infantry Division ( see ' Assault Crossing , The River Seine 1944 ' by Ken Ford ) . This crossing enabled the armour of XXX Corps , under Gen . Brian Horrocks , to thrust across northern France into Belgium . 43rd Division later played a major role in Operation Market Garden as the support to the Guards Armoured Division . During Market Garden , a Battalion ( 4th Dorsets ) successfully crossed the Rhine as a diversion , so that 1st Airborne could withdraw more safely ; but many men of the 4th Dorsets were themselves left behind on the north Bank of the Rhine when the Division withdrew . The division later played a small part in the Battle of the Bulge , where it was placed on the Meuse as a reserve , and a large part in the invasion of Germany and the Crossing of the Rhine ( Operation Veritable ) . By the end of hostilities , the 43rd had reached the Cuxhaven peninsula of northern Germany . Commanders . The division was reactivated after the Second World War again as part of the Territorial Army . On 1 April 1967 the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers absorbed 43rd Wessex Division RE ( TA ) . All TA divisions were disbanded by 1968 .
Edward Sullivan ( Medal of Honor ) Corporal Edward Sullivan of the . United States Marine Corps was born May 16 , 1870 , in Cork , County Cork , Ireland . He died March 11 , 1955 , at Uxbridge , Massachusetts , USA Sullivan was born in 1870 in Cork , Ireland , and died in 1955 in Uxbridge . He was a hero of the Spanish American War . He was awarded the nation ' s top honor , the Medal of Honor , for heroism in this war of 1898 . Uxbridge , Massachusetts has proud connections to the military history of America . Uniforms for the U . S . military were manufactured in Uxbridge for more than 100 years . Significance in U . S . history . Edward Sullivan entered the United States Marine Corps from Massachusetts , and served in the Spanish American War . He was a Spanish - American War Medal of Honor recipient , for heroism on May 11 , 1898 at Cienfuegos , Cuba . He served as a Corporal in the U . S . Marine Corps . His citation reads " On board the USS Marblehead during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , May 11 , 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Sullivan displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action . " ( Bio by : Don Morfe ) Prospect Hill Cemetery , Uxbridge , Worcester County , Massachusetts , USA . Corporal Sullivan died in Uxbridge at the age of 84 on March 11 , 1955 . Here is an excerpt from Home of Heroes website . " " Edward Sullivan was one of 52 sailors and Marines cited for bravery and coolness in the face of enemy fire during the cutting of cables at Cienfuegos , Cuba on May 11 , 1898 . The mission was a daring operation to cut undersea cables linking the Spanish fortifications at Cienfuegos with the rest of the world . Destruction of the cables was ordered to disrupt communications . In two boats , sailors from the and the were joined by a Marine guard as they moved within 15 feet of the enemy shore , under fire from the hidden enemy , to dredge up and cut two such cables . During the 80 minute operation , the cable cutting party was under constant enemy fire from a short range , while they coolly dredged the cables across the bow of their boats , then cut through them with hacksaws . When a cable was severed , the seaward end was transported back to the USS Marblehead , which then moved further from shore to drop the ends in deeper water and make repair impossible . So intense was the enemy presence , and so daring the American support , Captain Maynard of the Nashville was wounded in the action . With great courage , the mission was accomplished . " " Edward Sullivan entered the Service in the U . S . Marine Corps from Massachusetts . Death . Died : March 11 , 1955 at the age of 84 in Uxbridge , Worcester County , Massachusetts .
Cavalry Corps ( United Kingdom ) The Cavalry Corps was a cavalry corps of the British Army in World War I . The corps was formed in France in October 1914 , under General Sir Edmund Allenby . It was later broken up in March 1916 , but re - established in the following September . It served as part of the BEF on the Western Front throughout its existence . Formation . The Corps consisted of the three cavalry divisions serving in France , the 1st , 2nd , 3rd divisions . The cavalry division consisted of cavalry regiments in brigades . They were armed with rifles , unlike their French and German counterparts , who were only armed with the shorter range carbine . The cavalry division also had a high allocation of artillery compared to foreign cavalry divisions , with 24 13 - pounder guns organised into two brigades and two machine guns for each regiment . However , when dismounted , the cavalry division was the equivalent of two weakened infantry brigades with less artillery then the infantry division .
Bomber stream The bomber stream was a tactic developed by the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) Bomber Command to overwhelm the night time German aerial defences of the Kammhuber Line during World War II . The Kammhuber Line consisted of three layers of zones of about 32 km long ( north – south ) and 20 km wide ( east – west ) . In each zone there were two German night fighter aircraft ( the " Wild Boars " ) receiving ground - directed guidance from their own " Himmelbett " controller within each zone . While the Himmelbelt control center could only handle two fighters , this was adequate for dealing with the RAF Bomber Command tactic of sending its night time bombers individually , with each bomber plotting its own route to the target , to avoid flak concentrations . At the urging of British scientific military strategist R . V . Jones , Bomber Command reorganized their attacks into streams carefully positioned to fly right down the middle of a cell . The introduction of the GEE navigation system allowed the RAF bombers to fly a long , tight , formation in the dark — a ' stream of bombers ' flying a common route at the same speed to and from the target , each aircraft being allotted a height band and a time slot in a bomber stream to minimize the risk of formation collision . In one of the first applications of statistical operational research , the RAF estimated the number of bombers likely to be lost to enemy night fighters and flak , and how many would be lost through collisions . Minimizing the former demanded a densely packed stream , as the controllers of a night fighter flying a defensive ' box ' could only direct a maximum of six potential interceptions per hour , and the flak gunners could not concentrate on all the available targets at once . The bomber stream allowed a bombing raid to be completed in a shorter time frame , further overwhelming the defensive tactics of the German forces . The earlier RAF tactic of sending bombers on individual routes meant that it could take four hours before all its planes would have passed over their target ; the bomber stream reduced this window to 90 minutes The first use of the bomber stream was the first 1 , 000 bomber raid against Cologne on the night of 30 – 31 May 1942 . The tactic proved successful and was used until the last days of the war , when centrally - organised German air defences had ceased to exist .
Eugen Bönsch Feldwebel Eugen Bönsch was a World War I flying ace credited with 16 aerial victories . Early life and service . Bönsch studied mechanics at the State Trade School . He originally joined the army in 1915 , but after completing basic training transferred to aviation . His original assignment was as a mechanic with Fliegerersatzkompagnie 6 . Flying service . He requested flight training in 1917 . He completed it at Flek 8 on 22 June 1917 . His promotion to corporal followed six days later . In August , he was assigned to Flik 51 on the Italian front ; he scored his first victory shortly thereafter , on 1 September , teamed with Franz Wognar . He became a balloon buster with his next triumph , on 28 September ; it took several firing passes at 700 meters altitude through heavy ground fire , dodging a couple of enemy fighters , to down the balloon . In the next thirteen months , his victory skein would include five more balloons , making him the Austro - Hungarian ' s leading balloon killer . He received his first Medal for Bravery for this victory . He also downed a Nieuport the following day . Bönsch began the new year of 1918 by surviving being shot down by anti - aircraft fire . He also added other dimensions to his flying repertoire . On 10 March , he led such a determined assault on an escorted of Italian Caproni s that the bombers aborted the mission . The next day , Bönsch began a week of low - level raids on the Italian airfields at Marcon and Treviso , and the port of Portegrandi . The next few months , from April through October , Bönsch carried out a hectic double load of air - to - air combat intermixed with ground attack strikes , including at the Battle of the Piave . On 8 October 1918 , he became one of the few World War I pilots to survive being set afire ; he parachuted to safety . He made his way back to his home airfield from enemy territory and returned to battle . He scored his final four victories after this incident . By 24 October , the Battle of Vittorio Veneto had worn the local Austro - Hungarian air force down to only 29 planes . Bönsch was one of the remaining pilots , and scored two victories on the 27th , and one each on the 28th and 29th . Post World War I . After the war , he was an innkeeper . When World War II began , he returned to duty and was appointed Hauptmann because of his prior experience . He then served at Oschatz Air Base in Saxony .
William E . Birkhimer William Edward Birkhimer ( March 1 , 1848 – June 10 , 1914 ) was an United States Army Brigadier General and lawyer received the Medal of Honor while a Captain during the Philippine - American War . His career was long and varied , as he started as an Iowa private in the Union Army during the Civil War . Career Dates . Birkhimer is the grandfather of Williston Birkhimer Palmer and Charles Day Palmer , brothers who became four - star generals . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Captain , 3d U . S . Artillery . Place and Date : At San Miguel de Mayumo , Luzon , Philippine Islands , May 13 , 1899 . Entered Service At : Iowa . Birth : Somerset , Ohio . Date of Issue : July 15 , 1902 . Citation : With 12 men charged and routed 300 of the enemy .
Tematín Tematín Castle is a castle ruin in western Slovakia . The castle was originally built in the second half of the 13th century in the Kingdom of Hungary . It was completely reconstructed by the Thurzó family , owners of the castle from 1524 . The last owner was Miklós Bercsényi , general of the anti - Habsburg insurrection army during Rákóczi ' s War of Independence . The castle fell into ruins after it was besieged in 1710 as a part of the suppression of the anti - Habsburg uprising . A trove of axe - shaped iron coins from the Great Moravian period was found in the Hrádok area . Traces of the Great Moravian fortified settlement found in the village were destroyed by construction activities . Today there is a Tematin castle non - profit organization ( OZ Hrad Tematin ) composed of university students . They work on conservation projects , conduct archaeological research and other historical - architectural research and other activities for castle preservation as well as making the site attractive for visitors .
Sandra Finan Brigadier General Sandra E . Finan is the Commander , Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center , Kirtland Air Force Base , N . M . The AFNWC is composed of a headquarters staff , one wing and two wing - equivalent directorates : the 377th Air Base Wing and Nuclear Capabilities Directorate at Kirtland AFB ; and the ICBM Systems Directorate at Hill AFB , Utah . The AFNWC comprises more than 3 , 500 Airmen at 11 locations in the United States and Europe and is responsible for the entire scope of nuclear weapons sustainment functions . She has been nomimated for promotion to Major General . Military career . Finan entered the Air National Guard in 1982 as an enlisted cryptographic equipment repairperson . She received her Air Force commission in 1985 as a distinguished graduate through Officer Training School . During her career , Finan has served in a variety of space and missile assignments in missile crew operations ; training and evaluations ; satellite command and control ; and satellite operations . She has held staff assignments as executive assistant to the Director of Security and Emergency Operations with the Department of Energy , and National Military Command System command and control officer at U . S . Strategic Command . She has also served on the 20th Air Force staff and as a command evaluator at Vandenberg Air Force Base , California Her commands include a space operation squadron and missile wing . Finan has deployed to the Combined Air Operations Center in Southwest Asia as the Director of Space Forces in support of operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom . Prior to her current assignment , she was the Inspector General at Air Force Global Strike Command .
Moritz von Spies Moritz Ritter von Spies ( December 31 , 1805 – October 10 , 1862 ) was a Bavarian Major General and War Minister for two times under Maximilian II of Bavaria . Biography . Von Spies was born in Ansbach . After holding several officer positions in the Bavarian army , also in Greece , which was governed by prince regent Otto and in the federal war ministry of the Frankfurt Parliament , he became Major General in 1859 in the Generalquartiermeister staff . In 1860 he became commander of the genie troops . Von Spies served as war minister from June 12 to December 11 , 1861 and from June 16 October 10 , 1862 until his death . He died in Munich .
USS Sirocco ( PC - 6 ) USS " Sirocco " ( PC - 6 ) is the sixth " Cyclone " - class patrol ship of the U . S . Navy . " Sirocco " was laid down 20 June 1992 by Bollinger Shipyards , Lockport , Louisiana and launched 29 May 1993 . She was commissioned by the Navy 11 June 1994 . She is assigned to Commander FIFTH Fleet through Destroyer Squadron FIFTY and is homeported in Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain . 7 PC class warships are forward deployed to C5F . PC ships were formerly crewed by one of 13 rotational PC crews and homeported in Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek VA ( Virginia Beach , VA , USA ) . There , under the auspices of Commander , Patrol Coastal Squadron One / Commander , Patrol Coastal Class Squadron the crews trained on five US based PC hulls prior to completing a six month deployment to FIFTH fleet . PC ships such as Sirocco complete a variety of mission sets that has expanded since the transfer of the ships and associated support structures in Naval Surface Warfare . Currently , PC ships deployed in Bahrain primarily conduct Maritime Security Operations in the Persian Gulf with a concentration towards anti - piracy . In 2009 , " Sirocco " completed phase 1 of a modernization program to extend the useful lives of these hard working ships . Upgrades included new computer systems and satellite communications , as well as upgraded AC systems and a Rafeal Typhoon MK38 MOD II gun weapons system replacing the previously fitted MK96 mount .
Charles Shelton Charles E . Shelton ( born April 29 , 1932 ) was a United States Air Force officer who was shot down during the Vietnam War over Laos during a reconnaissance mission on April 29 , 1965 . His 33rd Birthday . His fate is unknown and he was classified as a prisoner of war until 1994 , making him the last official U . S . prisoner of war from the Vietnam War . After his plane was shot down , Shelton sent a radio report that he had escaped by parachute . A helicopter was dispatched to retrieve him , but was unable to reach him due to poor visibility . Six days after his capture , his wife was informed that villagers said he had been captured by Laotian communist forces . He is believed to have been held as a prisoner of war and his family was told stories of his courage while imprisoned , but he was never released or accounted for . His wife , Marian Shelton , sought to find him and became an active participant in the POW - MIA movement . In October 1990 she committed suicide , apparently due to frustration and despair over her inability to find him . In September 1994 , the Air Force reclassified him as killed in action upon the request of his children and after a search of the area where he was captured failed to yield evidence that he might still be alive . At the time of his downing , Shelton held the rank of captain ; between then and the time he was declared to be killed in action , he was promoted to the rank of colonel . Shelton was honored at a ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery attended by dignitaries including General Merrill McPeak , Chief of Staff of the Air Force .
Type 79 Submachine Gun The Type 79 submachine gun is a Chinese submachinegun created for the People ' s Liberation Army and the PAP ( Chinese Police ) . Description . Type 79 submachine gun is rather unusual for its class as it is very lightweight and uses locked breech , gas operated action instead of more traditional ( for SMG ) blowback action . This weapon was ( and probably still is ) widely used by PAP ( Chinese police ) . Type 79 submachine gun uses gas operated , rotary bolt action with short stroke gas piston , located above the barrel . Bolt group is more or less an adaptation of the Type 56 assault rifle , with similar bolt carrier ( less gas piston ) and a rotary bolt with two locking lugs . Receiver is made from steel stampings . Fire mode selector / safety switch is also patterned after Type 56 assault rifle , and allows for single shots and full automatic fire . Type 79 fires from closed bolt and uses conventional hammer - fired mechanism . Box magazines hold only 20 rounds of ammunition . Shoulder stock is made from stamped steel and folds up and forward when not in use .
64th Indian Infantry Brigade The 64th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in February 1942 , at Babina in India and assigned to the 23rd Indian Infantry Division . The brigade was transferred in March 1942 , to the 19th Indian Infantry Division and fought in the Burma Campaign . The brigade remained under command 19th Division until the end of the war .
USS Waxsaw ( 1865 ) USS " Waxsaw " , a single - turreted , twin - screw monitor , was laid down in March 1863 , before the official order had been placed , at Baltimore , Maryland , by A . & W . Denmead & Son ; launched on 4 May 1865 ; and completed on 21 October 1865 . " Waxsaw " was a " Casco " - class , light - draft monitor intended for service in the shallow bays , rivers , and inlets of the Confederacy . These warships sacrificed armor plate for a shallow draft and were fitted with a ballast compartment designed to lower them in the water during battle . Design revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City , Ericsson and Simers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . $ 14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only 3 inches . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by 22 inches to make them seaworthy . Fate . As a result , the Navy Department ordered on 24 June 1864 that " Waxsaw " ' s deck be raised to provide sufficient freeboard . Upon delivery , the monitor was laid up at the Philadelphia Navy Yard ; and she saw no commissioned service . She was renamed Niobe on 15 June 1869 . She would be broken up at New York , NY by John Roach on 25 August 1875 .
Evacuation of Finnish Karelia As a result of the 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty that concluded the Winter War , Finland ceded the area of Finnish Karelia and other territories to the Soviet Union . As a result , about 410 , 000 Finnish Karelians , or 12 % of Finland ' s population , were relocated into the remainder of Finland . The treaty did not require Finland to empty the ceded territory , but almost nobody was willing to stay , and almost 100 % of the affected population chose to relocate , taking their belongings with them . Only the buildings and machinery were to be left behind intact as per the Peace Treaty , which for the most part also took place . During the Continuation War some 260 , 000 of the displaced population returned home . In June 1944 , Finnish troops partially withdrew from the ceded areas again as a result of the Soviet Fourth strategic offensive . At the same time , the population was evacuated again . The Paris Peace Treaties of 1947 finally confirmed the Finnish loss of the territory . The evacuees were permanently settled in Finland . The government of Finland subsidized the resettlement in two ways : Since the 1990s some associations have been calling for returning Karelia back to Finland .
BM - 40A reactor The BM - 40A reactor is the nuclear fission reactor used to power four of the seven boats of the Soviet Navy ' s Project 705 Лира ( Lira or Alfa in NATO designation ) fourth generation submarines . It is a liquid metal cooled reactor ( LMR ) , using highly enriched uranium - 235 fuel to produce 155 MWt of power . It was developed by OKB Gidropress . " BM - 40A " has two steam circulation loops .