naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Enterprise ( 1848 ) HMS " Enterprise " was an Arctic discovery ship laid down as a merchant vessel and purchased in 1848 before launch to search for Sir John Franklin ' s lost expedition . She made two Arctic voyages before becoming a coal depot , and was finally sold in 1903 . She was the tenth " Enterprise " ( or " Enterprize " ) to serve in the Royal Navy . Construction . She was laid down as a merchant vessel at the Blackwall yard of Money Wigram and Sons , but purchased by the Admiralty in February 1848 and fitted for Arctic exploration . She was launched on 5 April 1848 . Career . " Enterprise " made two voyages to the Arctic , the first via the Atlantic in 1848 - 1849 under James Clark Ross , then in 1850 - 1854 via the Pacific and the Bering Strait in an expedition led by Richard Collinson . From 1860 she was lent to the Commissioners of Northern Lights for use as a coal hulk at Oban , and from 1889 she was lent to the Board of Trade . She was sold in 1903 .
Bishopton Castle Bishopton Castle was a medieval castle in Bishopton Village , County Durham , England . The surviving motte is a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Details . Bishopton Castle was built by Roger de Conyers in 1143 , in the village of Bishopton , near to the town of Darlington . Constructed in a motte - and - bailey design , the castle had two baileys , rather than the usual one , and originally had two large enclosures beyond the baileys . In the 12th century it was surrounded by a low artificial lake , fed by the brook to the west , and could only be accessed by causeways . De Conyers built the castle during a dispute with William Cumin , who laid claim to be the Bishop of Durham ; de Conyers supported Cumin ' s rival , William of St . Barbara . Historian Lise Hull believes that the licence to crenellate given to de Conyers for his castle may be the first recorded instance of this in England , but Philip Davis rejects the licence on the grounds that the fortification was a matter of necessity rather than consent , and that the supposed licence contains no indicative wording . In later years the castle became owned directly by the Bishop of Durham , a powerful regional landowner .
Superfire The idea of superfire is to locate two turrets in a row , one behind the other , but with the second turret located above ( super ) the one in front so that the second turret could fire over the first . The configuration also meant that both forward or aft turrets could fire together at all targets in their sectors , rather than only one when the turrets were on the same plane and the target was before or aft of them . The history of large surface warships follow generic labels as battleship s , and a further distinction between pre - dreadnought s and dreadnoughts . The era of technical evolution occurred roughly from 1900 to 1945 . Part of the technical evolution was driven by the need to compress as much large - gun firepower into the smallest space possible . In early designs , the large - caliber turrets were all located on the same plane firing to one side or the other . In firing ahead or to the rear , usually only the forward - most or rearmost turret could fire , especially at low angles . An early concern was that the pressure and shock from the higher turret would damage the lower one when firing over the top . United States Navy tests using the monitor as the testbed , proved that superfiring was safe . The result was the design for the first . The first ship with superfiring artillery ( not of the same caliber , though ) , was the French battleship " Henri IV " , launched in 1899 .
Rapid Action Boat Squadron The Rapid Action Boat Squadron ( RABS ) is a force element squadron of the Sri Lanka Navy that provides expertise in small boat operations in support of littoral operations , amphibious and riverine activities . The unit is equipped with Inshore Patrol Crafts ( IPC ) s and Arrow speed boats that provide high degree of firepower along with high speed and maneuverability . Formed in 2008 the unit is tasked with countering light fibreglass attack boats used by the Sea Tigers in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka during the Sri Lankan Civil War . The unit also carried out amphibious raids on sea tigers coastal outposts . They operate with IPCs in groups of four craft with some groups totaling 25 – 30 craft combine to form IPC units , which are based at strategically important locations around the island . The IPC squadrons are organised for rapid - reaction interception operations , because the Sea Tiger cadres were able to remain hidden until they decide to confront the SLN . To maximise the amount of firepower each squadron can bring to a battle , an IPC unit would speed towards the enemy using strategies that echo infantry tactics : an arrowhead formation is used to expand each boat ’ s arc of fire in an attack manoeuvre , or boats are arranged in three adjacent columns in single file so as to mask their numbers and increase the SLN ’ s element of surprise . References .
Mini MS 803 mine The Mini MS - 803 is a small South African produced Claymore type landmine . The design is very simple , with a convex brown polystyrene case containing a PE9 plastic explosive charge with three hundred 6 x 8 millimeter cylindrical steel fragments embedded into it . The mine is supported by two pairs of wire legs , which can be used to stack the mines . On the top of the mine is a small hole for inserting a detonator , which is surrounded with a PETN booster charge . The mine is normally used with an S4 electrical detonator connected to an M57 electrical firing device which is also used with the similar but larger Shrapnel mine Mk 2 . The mine could also be used with MUV type pull detonators and tripwires , but after the Ottawa mine ban treaty South Africa has said that it will not use this mine with victim activated fuzes . When the mine is triggered , the fragments are launched in a 60 degree arc to a lethal range of between 15 and 30 meters . The fragment density is claimed to be two per meter square at 15 meters with the fan of fragments reaching a height of two meters at a range of 30 meters . The fragments have enough energy at 25 meters to penetrate 10 millimeters of pine . It was superseded by the Shrapnel mine Number 2 in South African service . The mine is found in Angola and Mozambique .
USS Perfecto ( SP - 86 ) USS " Perfecto " ( SP - 86 ) was a motorboat that served in the United States Navy during World War I . She was built in 1917 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Company in Greenport , New York , and owned by J . J . Phelps of Hackensack , New Jersey . She was acquired by the Navy on 22 June 1917 and placed in service on 25 June 1917 . During World War I , " Perfecto " served in the 5th Naval District , headquartered in Norfolk Navy Yard in Norfolk , Virginia . She patrolled the coastline for German U - boats . She was returned to her owner , Phelps , after the war ended on 18 February 1919 .
5th Fighter Squadron ( Commando ) The 5th Fighter Squadron ( Commando ) is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 1st Air Commando Group stationed at Camp Kilmer , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 3 November 1945 . The unit was reactivated as the 605th Air Commando Squadron in 1962 at operated in the Panama Canal Zone until being inactivated in 1973 .
Type 60 122 mm Field Gun The Type 60 122mm towed gun is the Soviet D - 74 122mm gun produced by the Chinese under licence . Developed in the late 1950s , it provided direct / indirect fire for the PLA . It remains in service with reserve units in gun battalions attached to motorized infantry and armoured divisions . It is in active service with the Sri Lankan Army , introduced in the early 1990s to replace the Ordnance QF 25 pounder field gun . It has seen action in the Sri Lankan civil war .
Exit strategy An exit strategy is a means of leaving one ' s current situation , either after a predetermined objective has been achieved , or as a strategy to mitigate failure . An organisation or individual without an exit strategy may be in a quagmire . At worst , an exit strategy will save face ; at best , an exit strategy will peg a withdrawal to the achievement of an objective worth more than the cost of continued involvement . In warfare . In military strategy , an exit strategy is understood to minimise losses of what military jargon called " blood and treasure " ( lives and material ) . The term was used technically in internal Pentagon critiques of the Vietnam War ( cf . President Richard Nixon ' s promise of Peace With Honor ) , but remained obscure to the general public until the Battle of Mogadishu , Somalia when the U . S . military involvement in that U . N . peacekeeping operation cost the lives of U . S . troops without a clear objective . Republican critics of President Bill Clinton derided him for having no " exit strategy " , although he had inherited an active military operation from his predecessor , President George H . W . Bush . The criticism was revived later against the U . S . involvement in the Yugoslav wars , including peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Kosovo and the Kosovo war against Serbia . The term has been adopted by critics of U . S . involvement in Afghanistan and especially Iraq . President George W . Bush was said to have no exit strategy to remove troops from Iraq , and critics worried about the number of Coalition soldiers and Iraqi civilians who would suffer injury or death as a result . President Barack Obama also has not yet publicly announced an exit strategy for the troops in Afghanistan . In business . In entrepreneurship and strategic management an exit strategy , exit planegic withdrawal , is a way to transition one ' s ownership of a company or the operation of some part of the company . Entrepreneurs and investors devise ways of recouping the capital they have invested in a company . The most common strategy is the sale of equity to someone else through a trade sale . Transition companies are professional mergers and acquisitions companies that assist Middle Market business owners with their exit strategy . Services offered are often referred to as Transition Management services . From time to time , management may decide it is necessary to downsize its operations . This typically involves discontinuing less profitable brands , products , product line s , or operating divisions . Other types of exit strategy are : Management buyout or employee buyout ( common in the manufacturing industry ) There are several books dedicated to the Business Exit Strategy , such as " The Exit Strategy Handbook : The BEST Guide for Selling Your Business and " " Exit Strategy : Maximizing The Value Of Your Business . "
Hans - Dieter Frank Hans - Dieter Frank ( 8 July 1919 – 28 September 1943 ) was a German Luftwaffe night fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . Frank claimed 55 aerial victories . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Frank was killed in a mid - air collision with another night fighter northwest of Celle in the night of 28 / 29 September 1943 . This collision was likely caused by an attack made on his fighter by RAF night fighter ace Bob Braham .
Battle of Belchite ( 1809 ) The Battle of Belchite on 18 June 1809 saw a Franco - Polish corps led by Louis Gabriel Suchet fight a small Spanish army under Joaquín Blake y Joyes . Suchet ' s force won the battle when a lucky hit detonated a large part of the Spanish ammunition supply . The ensuing blast provoked Blake ' s soldiers into a panicky flight from the battlefield . The action was fought during the Peninsular War , part of the Napoleonic Wars . Belchite is located southeast of Zaragoza . Background . General of Division Suchet took command of the III Corps and immediately moved to oust the army of Captain General Blake from Aragon . The resulting Battle of Alcañiz on 23 May was a victory for the Spanish as they repulsed a Franco - Polish frontal attack . This victory brought Blake ' s army 25 , 000 volunteers , many of whom could not be provided with weapons . Blake advanced down the Huerva River with two divisions on the left bank and one division under General Juan Carlos de Aréizaga on the right bank . A more circumspect Suchet initially fought on the defensive in the Battle of María on 15 June . The French general sent General of Division Anne - Gilbert Laval with a 2 , 000 - man brigade to watch Aréizaga while retaining the rest of his small corps to face Blake . After fending off Blake ' s attacks for several hours , Suchet went over to the attack when some French reinforcements arrived . He overwhelmed the Spanish right flank and compelled Blake to order a withdrawal . The next day , Suchet advanced against the combined forces of Blake and Aréizaga . Blake declined to fight and instead fell back . Discouraged by defeat , 3 , 000 of Blake ' s new recruits deserted . Battle . After joining with Aréizaga ' s division , Blake was only able to muster 11 , 000 infantry , 870 cavalry , and nine guns . He drew up this force on some hills in front of the town of Belchite . After Suchet ordered Laval to join him , he massed 12 , 000 infantry , 1 , 000 cavalry , and 12 artillery pieces for the battle . The French general paid no attention to the Spanish center and instead sent his two divisions to attack the enemy flanks . General of Division Louis François Félix Musnier assaulted the Spanish left flank and began forcing it back into the town . General of Brigade Pierre - Joseph Habert sent his soldiers against the opposite flank . Just as Habert ' s attack got rolling , a French shell blew up an artillery caisson in the Spanish right rear . The fire spread to some ammunition wagons and soon there was a titanic explosion as Blake ' s gunpowder supplies detonated . With this , the Spanish soldiers panicked , some throwing down their muskets in order to flee faster . The French swept forward , killing , wounding , or capturing 2 , 000 Spaniards . They seized all nine of Blake ' s cannons plus one color and a quantity of food and equipment . Suchet reported losses of 200 killed and wounded . Leaving Musnier ' s division to observe Blake ' s survivors , Suchet marched back to Zaragoza .
419th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron The 419th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 23d Tactical Fighter Wing and stationed at McConnell Air Force Base , Kansas . History . Initially established by Tactical Air Command as an F - 105 training squadron in August 1967 as the provisional 4519th Combat Crew Training Squadron : . Re - designated as the AFCON 419th TFTS in October 1969 , assuming the training mission of the provisional squadron . Inactivated in October 1971 with the phaseout of the F - 105 at McConnell .
732d Airlift Squadron The 732d Airlift Squadron ( 732 AS ) is a unit of the United States Air Force . It is part of the 514th Air Mobility Wing at McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey . It operates C - 17 Globemaster III aircraft in providing global strategic airlift to US and allied forces . History . Activated as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron ; trained under Second Air Force . Completed training in early 1943 ; deploying to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England . Engaged in long - range strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany , March 1944 - May 1945 attacking enemy military and industrial targets as part of the United States ' air offensive against Nazi Germany . Most personnel demobilized in Europe after the German capitulation in May 1945 ; squadron inactivated as a paper unit in November . Reactivated in 1947 as a B - 29 Superfortress squadron in the reserves , however equipped with trainers until 1949 when equipped with B - 26 Invader light bomber . Squadron activated in 1951 as a result of the Korean War ; personnel and equipment assigned as replacements to units of Far East Air Forces , then inactivated as a paper unit . The squadron trained in bombardment operations from , 1947 – 1951 and 1955 – 1957 , reconnaissance operations from , 1952 – 1955 , and troop carrier operations 1957 - 1966 . After 1970 , it participated in strategic airlift missions and exercises . In 1989 took part in Operation Just Cause in Panama by transporting U . S . troops . Reactivated as a reserve transport squadron in 1952 , being equipped with C - 119 Flying Boxcars . Activated during Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 ; returned to reserve status after crisis was resolved ; inactivated in 1966 with phaseout of C - 119 from the inventory . Activated in 1970 with long - range C - 141 Starlifter s , performing intercontinental airlift of personnel and materiel . The unit upgraded to Boeing C - 17 Globemaster III s in 2004 after retirement of its C - 141s . Most recently , the unit participated in relief efforets after the 2010 Haiti earthquakes .
Avraham Adan Avraham " Bren " Adan ( , 5 October 1926 – 28 September 2012 ) was an Israeli general who served in the military between 1947 and 1973 . Biography . Adan was born in Kfar Gileadi , British Mandate Palestine , in 1926 as Avraham Eidelson . He joined the Palmach in 1943 . During the 1948 Arab – Israeli War he was a company commander in the 8th Battalion of the Negev Brigade , and participated in Operation Uvda , in which the brigade captured the Jordanian outpost of Umm Rashrash , now known as Eilat , at the southernmost tip of the newly created country . It was he who raised the Ink Flag claiming the territory for Israel , as depicted in the famous photograph of the event . The iconic image has been compared to " Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima " . Adan joined the Armored Corps in 1949 and founded the first Sherman tank unit in the IDF . During the 1956 Suez War , Lieutenant Colonel Adan commanded the 82nd battalion of the 7th Armored Brigade in the Sinai , defeating several Egyptian forces in the region . After the war he became the operations officer of the corps , then the commander of the 7th Brigade and the Armored Corps School . During the June 1967 Six - Day War , Adan was the deputy commander of the Armored Corps and of the 31st Armored Division , fighting again in the Sinai . On 10 March 1969 , he became the commander of the Armored Corps . Major General Adan was defending the northern portion of the Israeli defense along the Suez Canal when the October 1973 Yom Kippur War broke out . As the commander of the 162nd Division , his division suffered severe losses from 6 to 8 October , in repeated attempts to stop the Egyptian attack and push it back across the canal . Later on during the war he led his unit across the canal into Egyptian territory just north of the Great Bitter Lake , during Operation Stouthearted Men . He then maneuvered his unit southward to Suez City , where his unit surrounded the Egyptian Third Army . From 1974 to 1977 he served as the Armed Forces Attaché at the Israeli embassy in Washington , DC . Adan was among the founders of Kibbutzim Nirim and Gevulot .
Alfred Victor Smith Alfred Victor Smith VC ( 22 July 1891 – 23 December 1915 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Smith was 24 years old , and a second lieutenant in the 1 / 5th Battalion , East Lancashire Regiment , British Army on 23 December 1915 at Helles , Gallipoli , Turkey during the First World War , and who died in action for which he was awarded the VC . His citation reads : He is buried in Twelve Tree Copse Cemetery although the precise location of his grave within the cemetery is not known . He was also awarded a French Croix de Guerre . Alfred Victor Smith ’ s father was a Police officer and although Alfred was born in Guildford , the family moved several times in his youth , and Alfred sang as a boy chorister in St Albans Cathedral Choir . At 14 his father was appointed chief constable of Burnley , and they moved to the town , with Alfred completing his education at Burnley Grammar School . After leaving school he joined Blackpool Borough Police force . He is named on commemorative plaques within the former Burnley Grammar School , St Matthew ' s Church , Burnley , St Albans Cathedral and the current Blackpool Police headquarters . His VC , along with other items , is on display at the Towneley Hall museum in Burnley .
Trojan Battle Order The Trojan Battle Order or Trojan Catalogue is an epic catalogue the second book of the " Iliad " listing the allied contingents that fought for Troy in the Trojan War . The catalogue is noted for its deficit of detail compared to the immediately preceding Catalogue of Ships , which lists the Greek contingents , and for the fact that only a few of the many Trojans mentioned in the Iliad appear there . Historicity question . Structurally the Trojan Battle Order is evidently inserted to balance the preceding Catalogue of Ships . It is , however , much shorter . Denys Page summarizes the prevailing explanation that " the Catalogues are substantially Mycenaean compositions rather expanded than altered by the Ionians " . Noting that the Greek catalogue occupies 265 lines but the Trojan catalogue only 61 , Page wonders why the Ionian authors know so little about their native land and concludes they are not describing it but are reforming poetry inherited in oral form from Mycenaean times . Some examples of Mycenaean knowledge are : There is also some internal evidence that the Trojan catalogue was not part of the " Iliad " but was a distinct composition pre - dating the Trojan War and incorporated later into the " Iliad " : Page cites several more subtle instances of the disconnectedness of the Trojan catalog from the " Iliad " ; neither is it connected to the catalog of Greek forces . Another like it appears in the " Cypria " . The catalogue in detail . The catalogue lists sixteen contingents from twelve different ethnonym s under 26 leaders . They lived in 33 places identified by toponyms . Analyses . The list includes the Trojans themselves , led by Hector , and various allies . As observed by G . S . Kirk , it follows a geographical pattern comparable to that of the Greek catalogue , dealing first with Troy , then with the Troad , then radiating outwards on four successive routes , the most distant peoples on each route being described as " from far away " . . The allied contingents are said to have spoken multiple languages , requiring orders to be translated by their individual commanders . Nothing is said of the Trojan language ; the Carians are specifically said to be barbarian - speaking , possibly because their language was distinct from the contemporaneous lingua franca of western Anatolia . The classical Greek historian Demetrius of Scepsis , native of Scepsis in the hills above Troy , wrote a vast study of the " Trojan Battle Order " under that title ( Greek " Trōikos diakosmos " ) . The work is lost ; brief extracts from it are quoted by Athenaeus and Pausanias , while Strabo cites it frequently in his own discussion of the geography of northwestern Anatolia .