naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
TOS - 1 TOS - 1 ( , ) is a Soviet 220mm 30 - barrel ( original system , Ob . 634 or TOS - 1M ) or 24 - barrel ( Ob . 634B or TOS - 1A ) multiple rocket launcher and thermobaric weapon mounted on a T - 72 tank chassis . TOS - 1 was designed for defeating enemy personnel in fortifications , in open country , and in lightly armoured vehicles and transport . First combat tests took place in 1988 - 1989 in the Panjshir Valley during the Soviet war in Afghanistan . The TOS - 1 was shown for the first time in public in 1999 in Omsk . The TOS - 1 is not used by the artillery units of the Russian Armed Forces but is found in NBC defense units ( ) . Development . The idea of a heavy short - range MLRS to launch rockets equipped with incendiary and thermobaric warheads arose in late 1970s . The combat system consisting of the combat vehicle , rockets , and loading vehicle was developed in early 1980s at KBTM in Omsk and was named TOS - 1 , remaining a secret development for a long time . The TOS - 1 is intended to engage military personnel , equipment , and buildings , including fortified constructions . The combat vehicle acts within the combat order of infantry and tanks . The large mass of the launcher and the need for a high - level of protection ( due to the relatively short range of 3 , 500 m ) helped determine the use of the chassis of the T - 72 main battle tank . The reloading vehicle TZM was built on the chassis of a cross - country truck KrAZ - 255B and equipped with a crane for loading / unloading of the launcher . In 2001 , the improved TOS - 1A system entered service . the improved system ' s range has been extended to 6 kilometers and its ballistic computer has been upgraded . The nickname " Buratino " matches the name of the hero of a Russian version of a Pinocchio - style tale ( by Alexey Tolstoy ) , because of the big " nose " of the launcher . System description . The TOS - 1A " Solntsepyok " system consists of the following items :
Spontoon A Spontoon , sometimes known by the variant spelling espontoon ( or as a half - pike ) , is a type of European pole - arm that came into being alongside the pike . The spontoon was in wide use by the mid 17th century , and it continued to be used until the mid to late 19th century . Unlike the pike , which was an extremely long weapon ( typically 14 or 15 feet ) , the spontoon measured only 6 or 7 feet in overall length . Generally , this weapon featured a more elaborate head than the typical pike . The head of a spontoon often had a pair of smaller blades on each side , giving the weapon the look of a military fork , or a trident . Italians might have been the first to use the spontoon , and , in its early days , the weapon was used for combat , before it became more of a symbolic item . After the musket replaced the pike as the primary weapon of the foot soldier , the spontoon remained in use as a signalling weapon . Non - commissioned officers carried the spontoon as a symbol of their rank and used it like a mace , in order to issue battlefield commands to their men . ( Commissioned officers carried and commanded with swords , although some British Army officers used spontoons at the Battle of Culloden . ) During the Napoleonic Wars , the spontoon was used by sergeant s to defend the colors of a battalion or regiment from cavalry attack . The spontoon was one of few pole weapons that stayed in use long enough to make it into American history . As late as the 1890s , the spontoon could still be seen accompanying marching soldiers . Lewis and Clark brought spontoons on their expedition with the Corps of Discovery . The weapons came in handy as backup arms when the Corps traveled through areas populated by bears . There were also spontoon - style axes . These used the same shaped blades mounted on the side of the weapon , and had a shorter handle . Today , a spontoon ( or espontoon , as it is referred to in the manual of arms ) is carried by the drum major of the U . S . Army ' s Fife and Drum Corps , a ceremonial unit of the 3rd US Infantry Regiment ( The Old Guard ) .
USS Jarrett ( FFG - 33 ) , was the twenty - fifth ship of the guided - missile frigate s , was named for Vice Admiral Harry B . Jarrett ( 1898 – 1974 ) . Ordered from Todd Pacific Shipyards , San Pedro , California on 23 January 1978 as part of the FY78 program , " Jarrett " was laid down on 11 February 1981 , launched on 17 October 1981 , commissioned on 2 July 1983 , and decommissioned on 21 April 2011 . Operation Desert Storm . During Desert Storm in 1991 , " Jarrett " was involved in a friendly fire incident with the . Allegedly , " Jarrett " ’ s Phalanx engaged the chaff fired by " Missouri " as a countermeasure against two incoming Iraqi Silkworm missile s ( also known as a Seersucker ) . Some stray Phalanx rounds struck " Missouri " , one of which penetrated a bulkhead and embedded in an interior passageway of the ship . Another round struck the ship on the forward funnel passing completely through it . One sailor aboard " Missouri " was struck in the neck by some flying shrapnel and suffered minor injuries . Some are skeptical of this account , however , as " Jarrett " was reportedly over two miles away at the time and the characteristics of chaff are such that a Phalanx normally would not regard it as a threat and engage it . There is no dispute that the rounds that struck " Missouri " were fired by the " Jarrett " and that it was an accident . It is possible that a Phalanx operator on " Jarrett " may have accidentally fired some rounds manually . However , no evidence to support this theory has ever been discovered . One of the Iraqi Silkworm missiles crashed into the sea without being intercepted . The other - heading towards USS " Missouri " - was successfully intercepted by a British Sea Dart missile fired by . Current status . On 21 April 2011 , the " Jarrett " was decommissioned at Naval Base San Diego after 15 deployments , and will be transported to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard as its final destination , becoming part of the Mothball Fleet . Her most recent deployment was a six - month counter - illicit trafficking deployment , supporting U . S . Naval Forces Southern Command . " Jarrett " ( FFG - 33 ) is the first ship of that name in the US Navy . She was also the first US Navy warship to be commanded by a woman , Commander Kathleen A . McGrath , from 18 December 1998 until 4 September 2000 . Possible Transfer under FMS .
Sun gun The sun gun or heliobeam was a theoretical orbital weapon that was researched by Nazi Germany during World War II . History . In 1929 , the German physicist Hermann Oberth developed plans for a space station from which a 100 metre - wide concave mirror could be used to reflect sunlight onto a concentrated point on the earth . Development . Later during World War II , a group of German scientists at a research centre in Hillersleben began to expand on Oberth ' s idea of creating a superweapon that could utilize the sun ' s energy . This so - called " sun gun " would be part of a space station 5 , 100 miles above Earth . The scientists calculated that a huge reflector , made of metallic sodium and with an area of 3 . 5 square miles , could produce enough focused heat to make an ocean boil or burn a city . After being questioned by Allied officers , the Germans claimed that the sun gun could be completed within 50 or 100 years .
Lanchester Submachine Gun The Lanchester Submachine Gun is a British copy of the " Maschinen Pistole 28 " ( MP - 28 ) . After the evacuation of Allied Forces at Dunkirk in 1940 , the Royal Air Force decided that they needed a submachine gun to protect airfields . Because there was no time to develop a completely new weapon , it was decided to copy the German MP28 . Serving alongside the Sten , the Lanchester was commonly used by guards overseeing prisoners and was used in naval landings and assault parties . It was primarily used by the Royal Navy , who used it until around 1970 . Both the Sten and the Lanchester were officially replaced by the Sterling submachine gun , made by Sterling Armaments Company , the same company that produced the Lanchester . The Lanchester is distinguished from the MP28 in that it has a mounting on the muzzle for a bayonet , and has rifling different than that of the German weapon . Description . The Lanchester Mk . 1 submachine gun , or " Lanchester Mk . 1 machine carbine " in contemporary British nomenclature , was a very close copy of German Schmeisser MP - 28 submachine gun . It was developed by George H . Lanchester and manufactured by Sterling Engineering Co between 1941 and 1945 . This weapon was made in two versions , Mk . 1 and Mk . 1 * ( Mark 1 , star ) . The latter was a simplified version of the original Mark 1 , with omitted fire mode selector , and thus firing in full automatic mode only . Most Lanchester submachine guns went for British Navy . The Lanchester Mk . 1 submachine gun is blowback operated , selective - fire weapon that fired from open bolt . Tubular receiver was attached to the front of the wooden stock , and could be pivoted barrel down for maintenance and disassembly . Magazines are inserted from the left side , ejection is to the right . Magazine housing was made from brass . Manual safety is made in the form of locking cut , made in the receiver , which engages the bolt handle to lock bolt in open ( cocked ) position . Fire mode selector was located in front of the trigger , and was not present on Mk . 1 * weapons . Standard sights consisted of blade front and tangent rear sight , marked from 100 and up to 600 yards ( approx 550 meters ) . Some Mk . 1 * guns had simplified , flip - up rear sights marked for 100 and 200 yards . The wooden stock was patterned after that of Lee - Enfield rifle , and gun accepted 1907 - pattern knife - bayonet , originally developed for the above mentioned rifle .
List of ships of the line of the United States Navy This is a list of ships of the line of the United States Navy . Because of the operating expense , a number of these were never launched . These ships were maintained on the stocks , sometimes for decades , in case of an urgent need .
HSwMS Remus ( 28 ) HSwMS " Remus " ( 28 ) was a of the Royal Swedish Navy during World War II . She had been built as Astore , a for Italy ' s " Regia Marina " , in the mid - 1930s and sold to Sweden in 1940 . The ship served in the Royal Swedish Navy until she was stricken in 1958 . References . http : / / www . miramarshipindex . org . nz / ship / list ? IDNo = 6109581 & search _ op = OR
Hearts and Minds ( Vietnam ) Hearts and Minds refers to a campaign by the United States military during the Vietnam War intended to win the popular support of the Vietnamese people . History . The term " hearts and minds " , which was used as a method to bring a population on side , was first used during the Malayan Emergency by the British who employed practices to keep the Malayans ' trust and reduce a tendency to side with ethnic Chinese communists , in this case , by giving medical and food aid to the Malays and indigenous tribes . The program was inspired by President Lyndon Baines Johnson . He used some version of the phrase " hearts and minds " a total of 28 times . In ten of these instances , Johnson inverted the words and used the phrase " minds and hearts . " The first time he used the phrase in his presidency was on 16 January 1964 , and the last time was 19 August 1968 . In his usage he addressed very different audiences , including heads of state , congressmen , and the American people . Also , Johnson referred to the " hearts and minds " of disparate groups , including the above - mentioned audiences and even humanity as a whole . His use of the phrase is most commonly taken from the speech " Remarks at a Dinner Meeting of the Texas Electric Cooperatives , Inc . " on 4 May 1965 . On that evening he said , " So we must be ready to fight in Vietnam , but the ultimate victory will depend upon the hearts and the minds of the people who actually live out there . By helping to bring them hope and electricity you are also striking a very important blow for the cause of freedom throughout the world . " Johnson ’ s use of the phrase is most likely based on a quote of John Adams , the American Revolutionary War patriot and second president of the United States , who wrote in a letter dated 13 February 1818 : " The Revolution was effected before the War commenced . The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people ; a change in their religious sentiments of their duties and obligations … . This radical change in the principles , opinions , sentiments , and affections of the people , was the real American Revolution " .
Harry Hiams Harry Hiams ( 1886 - 10 April 1954 ) was a Welsh international forward who played club rugby for Swansea and Llanelli . He won two caps for Wales and played for Llanelli against the touring South Africans . During the First World War , Hiams served with the Royal Field Artillery . Rugby career . Hiams joined Swansea in 1905 , but it wasn ' t until 1912 that Hiams was selected to play for Wales . He turned out on 9 March 1912 against Ireland at the Balmoral Showgrounds , in a match Wales lost 12 - 5 . Two weeks later he played his second and last game for Wales , this time at Rodney Parade against France . Although Wales won the game , it was seen as far too close a match and eight members of the Welsh team played their last Five Nations Championship game . In the second half of 1912 , Haines switched from Swansea to Llanelli , and on 17 October , he faced the 1912 touring South African team as part of an invitational Glamorgan XV . It was a humiliating match for the Glamorgan side losing 35 - 3 , the largest winning margin for a touring side against a Welsh team . Two days later Hiams was the only international player in the Llanelli team to face the Springboks and after the previous match little was expected of the Welsh club side . When Hiams scored a dropped goal from 45 yards during the match , play had to be suspended as fans raced onto the pitch to congratulate him . Although Llanelli lost 8 - 7 , the closeness and exciting match - play gave the Scarlets and Hiams a taste of glory . Hiams was dropped for the Wales game against the South Africans as the selectors decided they needed more heavy scrummagers . International matches played . Wales
Army Quartermaster Museum The United States Army Quartermaster Museum , located at Fort Lee , Virginia , is an AAM accredited museum in the Commonwealth of Virginia . The museum ' s aim is to preserve and exhibit the history of the Quartermaster Corps , which was formed in 1775 and to date it has collected more than 24 , 000 items . The Museum also serves the Quartermaster Center and School as a classroom for the teaching of history , educating more than 16 , 000 soldiers , non - commissioned officers , warrant officers , and officers a year . Museum history . The museum ’ s beginnings can be traced back to 1953 when the Quartermaster School at Fort Lee , Virginia organized a collection of reproduction period uniforms for use in the school ’ s courses of instruction on uniform fitting and sizing . In 1954 two World War II vintage buildings were opened to house the uniforms . This popular classroom exhibit was often referred to as the “ museum ” . The museum was officially established in February 1957 , with these uniforms and donations of quartermaster related items forming the core of the collection . Several artifacts came from the major former Quartermaster Depots at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ; Jeffersonville , Indiana ; and the Quartermaster Remount Depot at Front Royal , Virginia . The 20 , 000 square foot main museum building was completed in June 1963 . Construction was funded by private contributions and loans to the Quartermaster Memorial Corporation ( now the Army Quartermaster Foundation , Inc . ) . Upon completion the building was donated to the U . S . Government . The museum building was dedicated in 1976 to honor of Brigadier General John A . Spencer , Jr . General Spencer was instrumental in the establishment of the museum . Fund raising efforts by the Army Quartermaster Foundation , Inc . , have resulted in several expansions of the original museum building . In October 1993 , the museum added a 100 seat multipurpose auditorium dedicated to Major General Robert M . Littlejohn . Littlejohn was the World War II Quartermaster for the European Theater of Operations and tireless supporter of the museum . In June 1998 a research and learning center was completed and dedicated to Major General Joseph E . Peklik , the driving force behind fund raising for this expansion effort . This addition houses the museum curator , library , archival storage , conservation laboratory and collection study area . The most noticeable feature of the exterior of the museum building is the large iconic three dimensional representation of the Quartermaster branch insignia . Constructed by Lakeshore Markers of Erie , Pennsylvania , it is often used as the background for group photos by visitors and various organizations on Fort Lee . Significant artifacts . The Quartermaster Museum has several unique , “ National Treasures ” in its collection . They include :
SS Antenor ( 1924 ) SS " Antenor " was a British passenger and cargo carrying ocean liner . She was the third of five ships to bear the name . She served as an armed merchant cruiser , HMS " Antenor " during the Second World War . Life as a passenger ship . SS " Antenor " was built by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company Ltd at Jarrow - on - Tyne in England with a gross registered tonnage ( GRT ) of 11 , 174 , a length of 487ft 8in , a beam of 62ft 2in and a service speed of 15 . 5 knots . She was built for Alfred Holt and Company of Liverpool , who owned various shipping lines including the Ocean Steam Ship Company ( OSSC ) , Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan ( NSMO ) , The China Mutual Steam Navigation Company ( CMSNC ) and Blue Funnel . She was launched on 30 September 1924 for deployment with the China Mutual Steam Navigation Company . She commenced her maiden voyage on 15 January 1925 from Liverpool to the Far East . By the thirties she was running on the Blue Funnel Eastern Service . A timetable for the Eastern Service , issued in September 1937 for the period September 1937 - October 1938 , lists the ports of call as : Liverpool , Marseilles , Port Said , Colombo , Penang , Singapore , Hong Kong , Shanghai , Yokohama . Kobe and Aden were additional ports of call on the return voyage . Her sister ships on the service were SS " Aeneas " , , and . In November 1938 the " Antenor " carried five Giant Panda s , caught in Sichuan Province in China , from Hong Kong to Europe . During the voyage some of the pandas broke out of their cage on the poop deck . The Pandas were the first to be brought to Europe in captivity . Service during World War II . On 13 September 1939 the SS " Antenor " was requisitioned from the Blue Funnel Line ( Alfred Holt and Company ) by the Admiralty and converted into an armed merchant cruiser , HMS " Antenor " , pennant F21 . She carried six 6 inch ( 152mm ) guns and two 3 inch ( 76mm ) guns . She served in the Mediterranean Fleet from January 1940 to April 1940 , and the East Indies Station from May 1940 until October 1941 . On 31 October 1941 she was returned and used as troopship by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was involved in the invasion of Normandy in 1944 . She returned to commercial service with the Ocean Steam Ship Company in February 1946 and continued to serve until 1953 when she was sold to Hughes Bolckow ( shipbreakers ) for demolition . She arrived at the breaker ' s yard at Blyth , England on 19 July 1953 . A model of SS " Antenor " , together with the ship ’ s wheel , an oak bench and a decorative glass window from the ship are displayed at Maryport Maritime Museum , Maryport , Cumbria . White , Horace ( 1961 ) " Battleship Wharf " London . ( A history of Hughes Bolckow Ltd . , shipbreakers )
Air Landing Regiment An Air Landing was the term used for British Army , glider - borne troops . Air Landing units included infantry battalions and light armoured regiments together with combat support and combat service support units and sub - units . The Glider Pilot Regiment provided the aircrew to fly the gliders into battle ( who were trained to fight alongside them on the ground thereafter ) . Although combat support and combat service support units had the term ' Air Landing ' as part of their unit title , for example 1st Airlanding Light Regiment , Royal Artillery , infantry battalions names remained unchanged . All units wore the maroon beret of airborne forces with their own capbadge . The Air Landing Brigades formed an integral part of the 1st and 6th Airborne Division s . Paratroopers tended to become scattered over a wide area on landing . This meant they took some time to compose a useful force , once on the ground . Although gliders needed a certain amount of ground to land the soldiers aboard arrived in larger groups ( the Horsa glider carried a complete platoon ready for combat . The British Army had been inspired in creating both glider - borne units and parachute units by the example of the German Luftwaffe ' s Glider Troops which had played a major role in Germany ' s invasions of the Low Countries , and Crete . Probably the most famous action involving a glider - borne unit was that at Pegasus Bridge , the first landing of troops on D Day , as part of Operation Deadstick . On the night of 5 / 6 June 1944 , D Company , the Second Battalion , Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry ( 2nd Ox & Bucks ) , together with Royal Engineers and men of the Glider Pilot Regiment ( totalling 181 men ) , were carried in 6 Horsa gliders to capture the vital bridge ( later renamed " Pegasus Bridge " ) over the Caen Canal , and the bridge over the Orne River ( since known as Horsa Bridge , and which is east of Pegasus Bridge ) . This was intended to secure the eastern flank to prevent German armour from reaching the area behind Sword Beach and interfering with the beach landings there . Five of the Ox and Bucks ' s gliders landed very close to their objectives at 16 minutes past midnight and poured out of their battered gliders , completely surprising the German defenders , and taking the bridges within 10 minutes . They lost two men , Lieutenant Den Brotheridge and Lance - Corporal Greenhalgh , in the process . One Glider , assigned to the capture of Horsa Bridge , was landed at the bridge over the Rives Dives , some 7 miles from where they were meant to land . Most of the soldiers in this glider and moved through German lines towards the village of Ranville where they eventually rejoined the British forces . The Ox & Bucks were reinforced half - an - hour after the landings by 7th Parachute Battalion , and linked up with the beach landing forces with the arrival of the Commandos under the command of Lord Lovat .
MITRE Radar Test Site , South Truro MITRE Radar Test Site , South Truro was a radar facility located in South Truro , Massachusetts . It was an early component in the Semi Automatic Ground Environment radar network . It was operated by the 6520 Air Control & Warning Squadron ( Experimental ) .