naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
312th Airlift Squadron The 312th Airlift Squadron ( 312 AS ) is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron , assigned to the 349th Operations Group , stationed at Travis Air Force Base , California . It is a corollary unit of the active duty 22d Airlift Squadron , 60th Air Mobility Wing ( 60 AMW ) . History . Activated in late 1943 as a C - 47 Skytrain troop carrier squadron , trained under I Troop Carrier Command in the United States . Was not deployed until the spring of 1945 to England , being assigned to the IX Troop Carrier Command , Ninth Air Force . Was not used in combat operations , however did transport supplies and equipment to the front - line ground forces primarily into Germany and evacuated casualties to rear areas . Returned to the United States in September 1945 and was a transport squadron for Continental Air Forces until its inactivation in September 1946 . It trained in the Reserve for troop carrier missions from , 1949 – 1951 , for fighter - bomber missions from , 1952 – 1957 , and resumed its current role as an airlift squadron in 1957 . The 312th was called to active service during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 and from 1968 - 1969 . The squadron airlifted U . S . troops between the continental United States and Southeast Asia and flew other strategic airlift missions as needed across the Pacific Ocean , including channel flights , contingency and humanitarian relief operations , and joint training exercises .
Hans Jordan Hans Jordan ( 27 December 1892 , Scheuern , Baden – 20 April 1975 ) was a German general during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Jordan was given command of the 9th Army on 20 May 1944 . The Soviet offensive Operation Bagration began on 22 June 1944 . In the northern sector the Soviet offensive the 1st Belorussian Front under the command of Colonel General Konstantin Rokossovsky breached the Jordan ' s 9th Army defensive positions south and north of Babruysk . Jordan was unable to halt the Soviet offensive and Babruysk was encircled on 27 June 1944 . Adolf Hitler made Jordan responsible for this defeat and released him of his command on 26 June , placing him on the Führerreserve . General of Infantry Hans Jordan . 1938 - 1939 Senior Instructor War School Wiener Neustadt 1939 - 1941 Commanding Officer 49th Regiment 1941 - 1942 General Officer Commanding 7th Division 1942 - 1944 General Officer Commanding VI Corps 1944 Acting General Officer Commanding 9th Army , Eastern Front 1945 General Officer Commanding Army Tirol
Viktor Belash Viktor Fedorovich Belash ( 1893 , Novospasovka - 24 January 1938 ) was the Chief of Staff of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine ( RIAU ) under Nestor Makhno . He was of Ukrainian ethnicity . Belash ' s " Memoirs " are an important source for the history of this insurrection . After Makhno was forced to retreat over the border with Romania on 16 August 1921 , as the result of multiple wounds , Belash directed operations against the Reds in his absence . He was captured by the Bolsheviks on September 23 , 1921 , after being heavily wounded in battle at Znamenka . He was imprisoned in Kharkov prison , where he was sentenced to death . Whilst in prison , he was encouraged to write his memoirs by the Cheka , which he was able to do in great detail with the help of his military notes and campaign diary . He filled three large exercise books with these memoirs . Extracts from these appeared in Issue 3 of Letopsis Revoliutsii ( Annals of the Revolution ) No3 , May – June 1928 with many text changes by the Soviet censors . Released by the Soviet government under an amnesty in 1923 , he was banished to Krasnodar in the Kuban region . There he worked as a mechanic for the Hunters Union . On 13 December 1937 during the mass purges of Stalin , he was arrested and put in front of a firing squad on 24 January 1938 . He was posthumously rehabilitated on April 1976 for “ insufficient evidence ” . His son , Alexander , a World War Two veteran , was able to obtain the manuscript of his father ' s work , with other previously unknow documents , in 1993 . It has proved , with its minute details , to be an extremely valuable source on the Makhnovist movement . It was publishes in 2007 .
Hans Christern Hans Christern ( 24 January 1900 – 17 June 1966 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans Christern was captured by British troops in May 1945 and was held until January 1946 .
Defense Advanced GPS Receiver The AN / PSN - 13 Defense Advanced GPS Receiver ( DAGR ; colloquially , " " dagger " " ) is a handheld GPS receiver used by the United States Department of Defense and select foreign military services . It is a military - grade , dual - frequency receiver , and has the security hardware necessary to decode the encrypted P ( Y ) - code GPS signal . Manufactured by Rockwell Collins , the DAGR entered production in March 2004 , with the 40 , 000th unit delivered in September 2005 . It was estimated by the news source " Defense Industry Daily " that , by the end of 2006 , the USA and various allies around the world had issued almost $ 300 million worth of DAGR contracts , and ordered almost 125 , 000 units . The DAGR replaced the Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver ( PLGR ) , which was first fielded in 1994 . Due to the COMSEC electronics inside the DAGR , it is against US federal law ( Title 18 , United States Code , sections 641 , 793 , 798 , and 952 ) for any individual or organization not authorized by the National Security Agency ( NSA ) to purchase or be in possession of the device . When devices are no longer useful or operational , they are to be returned to an NSA - approved vendor ( usually the original supplier ) , where they are destroyed . Rockwell Collins also manufactures a GPS receiver known as the " Polaris Guide " , that looks like a DAGR , but uses only the civilian C / A code signals . These units are labelled as " SPS " , for " Standard Positioning Service " , and may be possessed by non - military users .
Peter Scawen Watkinson Roberts Peter Scawen Watkinson Roberts VC , DSC ( 28 July 1917 – 8 December 1979 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Roberts was 24 years old , and a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 16 February 1942 north of Crete , in the Mediterranean , HM Submarine " Thrasher " , after attacking and sinking a supply ship , was itself attacked . " Thrasher " was subjected to a three hour depth charge attack and aerial bombing . Later , after surfacing , two unexploded bombs were discovered in the gun - casing . Lieutenant Roberts and a petty officer ( Thomas William Gould ) removed the first one without too much difficulty , but the second bomb had penetrated the side plating of the gun emplacement , and then the deck casing above the pressure hull . Roberts and Gould entered the confined space ( which was no more than 2 ft high in places ) , and lying flat , wormed past deck supports , battery ventilators , and drop bollards . The petty officer then lay on his back with the 100 lb bomb in his arms while the lieutenant dragged him along by the shoulders . Meanwhile , " Thrasher " was surfaced , stationary , and close inshore to enemy waters . If the submarine was forced to crash dive , both men would drown . It was 40 minutes before they got the bomb clear , wrapped it in sacking , and dropped it over the side . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
William Oakley ( Medal of Honor ) William Oakley ( born August 8 , 1860 ) was a gunner ' s mate second class serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish – American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Oakley was born August 8 , 1860 in Colchester , England , and immigrated to the United States in 1880 . He enlisted in the Navy from New York around 1890 and was sent to fight in the Spanish – American War aboard the U . S . S . Marblehead as a gunner ' s mate second class . He was later promoted to gunner ' s mate first class . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Gunner ' s Mate Second Class , U . S . Navy . Born : 8 August 1860 , Colchester , England . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 521 , 7 July 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Marblehead during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos , Cuba , 11 May 1898 . Facing the heavy fire of the enemy , Oakley displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this period .
Roger Courtney Roger James Allen Courtney MC , known as Jumbo , was influential in the establishment of the Special Boat Section ' s which saw action in World War II . They would eventually lead to the formation of the UK Special Boat Service . When World War II began , he travelled from Africa ( where he was big - game hunting ) to England to join the Army as a " commando folding kayak er " . When his ideas were rebuffed , he joined the King ' s Royal Rifle Corps as a Rifleman . Soon promoted to Corporal , he was commissioned in November 1939 . Courtney became an Army Commando recruit in mid - 1940 , and was sent to the Combined Training Center in Scotland . He was unsuccessful in his initial attempts to convince Admiral of the Fleet Roger Keyes and later Admiral Theodore Hallett , commander of the Combined Training Center , that his idea of a folding kayak brigade would be effective . He decided to infiltrate the HMS " Glengyle " , a Landing Ship , Infantry anchored in the River Clyde . Courtney paddled to the ship , climbed aboard undetected , wrote his initials on the door to the captain ' s cabin , and stole a deck gun cover . He presented the soaking cover to a group of high ranking Royal Navy officers meeting at a nearby Inveraray hotel . He was promoted to Captain , and given command of twelve men , the first Special Boat Section .
Jus post bellum Jus post bellum ( Latin for " Justice after war " ) deals with the termination phase of war . The idea was written about by Brian Orend to reflect the need for rules to end wars completely and fairly . Just Settlement of a Just War . The following is a list of items that would be permissible for a just settlement for a just war :
Güntersburg The ruined castle of Güntersburg stands about 2 km southwest of Güntersberge in the Harz Mountains of central Germany . The ruins are located on the 485 m Hoher Kohlberg hill in the Selke valley . The castle site is very large and has an area of about . It was probably a fortified settlement with a medieval castle . To the northwest the site was protected by a rampart and a 150 m long ditch , whose scale can still be easily made out today . To the southeast the site is bounded by the hillside that falls steeply into the Selke valley . Of the former buildings only a few foundation walls are recognisable . Still easy to make out are the foundation walls of the two gatehouse towers . Little is known of its history . First mentioned around 1326 , the site had already been devastated by about 1600 . Its former owners were the lords of Knedtlingen and the counts of Stolberg . The castle was probably built in the 11th century . According to legend , the castle was once occupied by robber baron s and one of their victims , the daughter of a merchant , is still supposed to appear as a white apparition today to those venturing near to the castle at night . The bunch of keys she carries with her was once supposed to had brought a curse on a monk .
Riegersburg Castle Riegersburg Castle is a medieval castle situated on a dormant volcano above the town of Riegersburg in the Austrian state of Styria . The castle is owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein and contains a museum with changing exhibitions . Location . The castle was built on a hill which had been a volcano a long time ago . The peak is at 482 meters above sea level . The basalt of the hill was used to build the castle . History . In the area around Riegersburg people have been living for a few thousand years . A large village was found in the 9th century B . C . with 300 people living here . Later , from 15 B . C . until 476 A . D . the region was part of the Roman Empire . In the 3rd and 9th century Bavarians immigrated and Hungarians invaded from the East . It was the beginning of a long time of armed conflicts . The history of the castle begins in the year 1122 . The first knight who is known to have lived here is Rudiger von Hohenberg . During the centuries the castle had a lot of different owners , but only few of them played an important role . Among the later ones is the family of the Walseer who had feud with the sovereign of Styria in 1415 . The most important owner was the baroness Katharina Elisabeth von Wechsler , married Galler and known as Gallerin . Between 1637 and 1653 she finished the castle , making it one of the biggest and strongest castles in the country . It is surrounded by 2 miles of walls with 5 gates and 2 trenches and it contains 108 rooms . In the 17th century the border with the Ottoman Empire was sometimes only 20 to 25 km away from the castle and the area was troubled by conflicts with the Turks an Hungarians . The castle was a safe place for the people in the near by , sometimes offering refuge inside its walls for a few thousands . Lady Gallerin married three times and had one daughter who married a Count Purgstall . The castle passed to the Purgstall family , who died out around 1800 . In 1822 the castle was bought by Sovereign Johann Josef von Liechtenstein . It belongs to the von Liechtenstein family until the present day . Museum . The castle is owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein , who live down the village in a house . The castle serves as a museum , with 25 out of the 108 rooms being opened for visiting . 16 of the rooms show the history of the Riegersburg castle and 9 are dealing with witches and sorcerers . Gallery . " This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia . "
John Joseph Doherty John Joseph Doherty , born 26 February 1919 in Charlestown , Massachusetts , enlisted in the U . S . Naval Reserve 1 March 1940 and was appointed aviation cadet 9 July 1940 . Awarded Distinguished Flying Cross . Assigned to Bombing Squadron 6 on board USS Enterprise ( CV - 6 ) , " Ensign Doherty " was reported missing in action 1 February 1942 during the Marshall Islands raid . He received posthumously a special Letter of Commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for his devotion to duty and disregard of his own safety in accomplishing his mission in addition to the Distinguished Flying Cross .
HMS Byard ( K315 ) HMS " Byard " was a " Buckley " class " Captains class " frigate during World War II . Named Sir Thomas Byard , who commanded at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars . Originally destined for the US Navy HMS " Byard " was provisionally given the name USS " Donaldson " ( this name was reassigned to DE 44 ) however the delivery was diverted to the Royal Navy before the launch . Commanding Officers were Lt Cdr L H Phillips RN February 1943 , Lt Cdr K Ferris RNVR January 1944 and Lt J I Jones RN June 1944 . Actions . HMS " Byard " served exclusively with the 4th Escort Group earning battle honours for service in the North Atlantic . In 1943 , HMS Byard ' s ship ' s company paraded in Boston , MA , in the American Day parade . On 17 October 1943 , HMS " Byard " was escorting an Atlantic convoy which was attacked by a wolf pack of 16 submarines east of Cape Farewell , Greenland . During the ensuing battle HMS " Byard " sank the submarine U - 841 at position , by the use of depth charges resulting in 27 dead and 27 survivors from U - 841 ' s crew . This action made HMS " Byard " the first " Captains class " frigate to destroy a Kriegsmarine submarine .
John Alexander ( VC ) John Alexander VC ( Mullingar , County Westmeath , Ireland birth date unknown , died 24 September 1857 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross ( VC ) , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to a member of the British and Commonwealth forces . Alexander was a private in the 90th Perthshire Light Infantry ( later known as The Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) ) , British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC : On 18 June 1855 after the attack on the Redan at Sebastopol , Crimea , Alexander went out from the trenches under very heavy fire and brought in several wounded men . On 6 September , when he was with a working party in the most advanced trench , he went out under heavy fire and helped to bring in a captain who was severely wounded . He was killed in action during the Siege of Lucknow during the Indian Mutiny in British India on 24 September 1857 . The medal . Private Alexander ' s Victoria Cross is displayed at the National War Museum of Scotland at Edinburgh Castle in Scotland . References . Listed in order of publication year
Bavar 373 Bavar - 373 ( , meaning ' Belief ' ) is an Iranian long - range Air defense system currently under development . Development of the system began as a response to the Russian ban on the exportation of its advanced S - 300 surface - to - air missile systems to Iran . History . After the Russian ban on exporting S - 300 to Iran , Defense minister Ahmad Vahidi told Iranian media at Sept . 22 . 2010 that they will develop a similar domestic system by themselves : “ We have planned to build a long - range air defense missile system similar to S - 300 . By God ’ s grace and by the Iranian engineers ’ efforts , we will reach self - sufficiency in this regard . ” It was later revealed that the name of the system will be Bavar 373 . Bavar meaning " belief " and 373 which is the Abjad number of prophet Muhammad ' s name . Farzad Esmaieli , commander of Khatam - ol - Anbia Base told Iranian media that the development of this system started by the direct order of supreme leader Ayatollah Khamenei when the first information about cancellation of S - 300 contract was revealed and Iranian personnel were still being trained in Russia on it . He said the project was in the stage of prototype designing and that it was not going to suffer from the weak points of the S - 300 . He continued that in the area of detection and radars , a very good point was reached and defense ministry was working on two or three missiles each for a different range and altitude . Later he said the system is much more capable than S - 300 , without mentioning the S - 300 version he meant . He said that the design was complete , all the parts were going to be manufactured inside the country and it had a good ability to detect and intercept enemy aircraft . In November 22 , 2011 , the first prototype was built . Iran announced that the system was designed and built by defense ministry , domestic industries and some Iranian universities . Esmaieli said that Iran doesn ' t even think about S - 300 anymore as Bavar - 373 was much more capable . Iranian sources suggest that the Bavar 373 will be mobile , with four missiles loaded on each mobile truck launcher . It also will be able to undertake a cold launch from systems similar to existing missiles , such as the Tor - M1 . The Iranian defense ministry is due to equip the country ' s Armed Forces with a new long - range air - defense system by March 21 , 2013 , a senior Iranian military official announced on Saturday August 25 , 2012 . On 3 September 2012 , Farzad Esmaili said that the development of the system was now 30 percent complete . On 1 January 2013 , the same commander announced that the sub - systems of the home made air - defense system are being tested in laboratory .
Erhard Schmidt ( admiral ) Erhard Schmidt ( 18 May 1863 – 18 July 1946 ) was a German Admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial German Navy ) . Career . At age 15 he entered the navy and saw service at several branches at sea and on land . Among them were posts on missions , as a commanding officer and in cadet training . His wish to become commander of a ship was granted in 1901 when he assumed command of the armoured cruiser . He held that command until 1907 . From 1908 to 1910 he commanded the and was afterwards promoted to Konteradmiral to command the II Squadron of the Offshore Fleet . Later he was commander of the naval artillery . At the beginning of World War I , he was commander of the IV Squadron , made up of old ships . During the Battle of Jutland , Schmidt commanded the I Squadron and used it as a vanguard to break through the British lines at night . In 1917 he led Operation " Albion " , a special task force for the occupation of the Baltic Sea islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa off the Estonian coast . For his achievements he was awarded the Pour le Mérite order . Upon his request , he was retired in 1918 with the rank of Admiral à la Suite , and following the Great War , he , like many of his former comrades of similar age , did not join the Reichsmarine . He remained loyal to the spirit of the Imperial Navy . Apart from his nomination as Honorary Chairman of the Munich Naval Association ( " Marineverein München " ) , he was appointed the Honorary Leader of the " Gau " of Bavaria .
Bakharevka Airport Bakharevka Airport ( ) was an air base in Perm Krai , Russia located 6 km southwest of Perm . Until 1965 this was the major civilian airport in Perm City and handled medium - sized and small aircraft , such as the Li - 2 , Il - 14 , An - 24 , An - 2 , and Yak - 12 . After 1965 the major airport was relocated to Bolshoye Savino Airport , which was a military airfield . Recent satellite images has revealed existence of Russian air force MiG - 31 " Foxhound " Interceptors parked on the base .