naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Adolf Vogt Adolf Vogt ( 31 August 1915 – 21 September 1992 ) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Southern Bivouac Southern Bivouac was a magazine published between 1882 and 1887 . Written by several former Confederate States of America army officers , it featured tales of many of exploits never before told by the men of the Southern army . Along with the " Southern Historical Society Papers " , it helped to mold the beginnings of the " Lost Cause " philosophical movement . History . " Southern Bivouac " traces its origins to February 7 , 1879 , the date on which the Southern Historical Society ' s Kentucky chapter was created by forty - eight former Confederate officers , most prominently General Basil W . Duke . So many individuals wanted to submit papers and speeches during their monthly meetings that by 1882 it was impossible to use them all . In order to make best use of the accumulated material , it was decided in August 1882 to found a magazine , the first issue of which was proposed for publication in September 1882 . Unlike previous Southern magazines , which routinely vilified the hated Yankee s , the " Southern Bivouac " was more " conciliatory " , although it still praised the valour of the Confederate soldier and the righteousness of the Southern cause . In its first year of publication , 80 % of the material was based on the Western Theater of the War , underlining its Kentucky heritage . The " Southern Bivouac " also tried to discredit some Northern writers . This was best seen in the efforts to discredit biographers of John Brown . Reflecting its time , the magazine also argued that blacks had no self - respect , but would eventually produce their own poets and artists . By January 1885 , the " Southern Bivouac " faced financial troubles . The publishers of " Home and Farm " , B . F . Avery and Sons , purchased it in May 1885 and gave operational control of the magazine to Basil W . Duke and Richard W . Knott . The magazine ' s next issue stressed that the publication would broaden its scope to include the Southern literary tradition rather than just Southern military history . Critics praised the new direction and subscribers rose to 7 , 500 by the end of 1885 . It also became more political , reflecting Knott ' s input . However , while still being a proponent of the Lost Cause , it was sometimes accused of failing to support those Southern patriots who criticized Reconstruction . By 1887 , the magazine had gained 15 , 000 readers , but Knott calculated it would need another 10 , 000 to become profitable . Thus , he sold the magazine to the Century Company , with the last issue being that of May 1887 . The Century Company used their new asset for the publication of " Battles and Leaders of the Civil War "
James Isham Gilbert James Isham Gilbert was a Union general during the American Civil War . He served with distinction in the Western theaters of the war as a regimental and brigade commander . Biography . Early life . James Gilbert was born in Louisville , Kentucky on July 16 , 1823 . He moved to Illinois and then to Wisconsin where he worked as a lumberman , Indian trader and liveryman . He finally settled in Iowa in 1851 where he helped found the town of Lansing . Little Rock & Meridian . Gilbert joined the volunteer army later than many of his contemporaries , enlisting in October 1862 . Nevertheless he was appointed colonel of the 27th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment on October 3 , 1862 . Gilbert ' s regiment participated in Frederick Steele ' s Little Rock Expedition but was not involved in any fighting . He was posted to garrison duty in Arkansas and then transferred to Mississippi where his regiment was attached to Andrew J . Smith ' s division in the XVI Corps during the Meridian expedition . Red River & Tupelo . Gilbert and a detachment of the XVI Corps ( known as the Right Wing - XVI Corps commanded by Smith ) were transferred to the Department of the Gulf under Nathaniel P . Banks for the Red River Campaign . Gilbert won the commendation of his brigade commander , Colonel William T . Shaw , for his performance at the battles of Fort De Russy and Pleasant Hill . At Pleasant Hill , Gilbert was wounded in the right hand . In June , 1864 Gilbert assumed command of the 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , XVI Corps and led it at the battle of Tupelo . He briefly relinquished brigade command in late September but returned to command to take part in A . J . Smith ' s pursuit of Sterling Price through Missouri . Nashville & Mobile . On December 5 , 1864 Gilbert was transferred to command of the 2nd Brigade , 2nd Division in Smith ' s detachment of the Army of the Tennessee ( formerly XVI Corps ) at the battle of Nashville . There , Gilbert ' s brigade took part in the Union assault on Shy ' s Hill the second day of the battle . On February 9 , 1865 Gilbert was promoted to brigadier general of U . S . volunteers . Smith ' s corps was officially re - designated XVI Corps and transferred to Edward Canby ' s Army of West Mississippi outside Mobile , Alabama . Gilbert continued in command of his brigade and took part in the battle of Fort Blakely . For his service in the Mobile campaign he was brevetted to Major General of U . S . volunteers backdated to March 26 , 1865 . Gilbert was mustered out of volunteers on August 24 , 1865 . Later life . After the war Gilbert returned to Iowa and continued his career as a lumberman . For a time he went to Colorado as a miner then moved to Kansas to become president of the Topeka Coal Economizing Company . General Gilbert died on February 9 , 1884 in Topeka , Kansas .
Azali Assoumani Azali Assoumani ( , born January 1 , 1959 ) was a president of the Comoros . He became leader of the country on 30 April 1999 after leading a coup to depose acting president Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde , who he saw as pandering to the independence movement on Anjouan . He won multi - party elections in 2002 , prior to which he was constitutionally required to temporarily step down in order to run as a candidate . Azali was born in 1959 at Mitsoudjé in south - western Grande Comore . Until he overthrew the civilian government in 1999 , he pursued a military career for two decades . Between 1977 and 1980 he trained at the Royal Military Academy in Morocco and qualified as a parachutist . On his return to Comoros , he joined the FAC ( then overseen by Bob Denard ' s European mercenaries . After the death of Abdullah and the departure of the mercenaries in 1989 - 1990 , Major Azali became a senior officer in the new Comorian Defense Force ( FCD ) . During this period the FCD was again ( temporarily ) defeated by Denard ' s mercenaries in 1995 . In 1996 he undertook further training at a French military academy and was promoted to colonel and chief of staff of the new National Army of Development ( NAD ) . Constitutionally , the presidency is supposed to rotate every four years between the country ' s three islands , Grande Comore , Anjouan and Mohéli . In 2005 , a draft law was under consideration that would have changed this to allow Azali to run for a second term , but it was withdrawn .
Submarines of World War II Specifications The Submarine s of World War II represented a wide range of capabilities with many types of varying specifications produced by dozens of countries . The principle countries engaged in submarine warfare during the war were Germany , Italy , Japan , the United States , the Soviet Union , and the United Kingdom with Germany and the United States being the most successful .
Arthur Lorne James Air Vice - Marshal Arthur Lorne James CBE , RCAF ( September 1903 – 1964 ) was a Canadian air force officer who was instrumental in the evolution of the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II and the early years of the Cold War , leading to its close cooperation with the United States Air Force in the defence of North America . Born in Montreal in September 1903 , James was educated there and attended McGill University where he graduated with a B . Sc . in Civil Engineering . He enlisted in the RCAF during its formative year in 1924 . He attained the rank of Sergeant in the technical branch before being commissioned as a Pilot Officer in 1926 upon earning his pilot wings . Throughout the rest of the 1920s he was active in many of the RCAF ' s early missions including forest fire patrols , aerial photography , and test flying . James was sent to London , UK in 1929 for post - graduate studies in Aeronautical Engineering and in 1937 he returned to attend RAF Staff College , Andover . During the early years of World War II , James commanded several British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( BCATP ) schools at various RCAF stations across Canada . In 1943 he was assigned to special duties at Canadian Joint Staff , Washington . On January 1 , 1945 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) by King George VI . He returned from Washington to Ottawa for a posting at RCAF Headquarters where he was appointed Director of Organization , then Director of Repair , and Air Member for Research and Development . He was promoted to Air Vice - Marshal in October 1945 . In 1945 Air Vice - Marshal James was one of the first senior military officers in Canada to call for the creation of dedicated facility to house the collection of the Canadian War Museum . In January 1947 he was appointed Air Member for Technical Services and in November 1949 he became Air Member for Air Plans and was appointed as Air Member to the Permanent Joint Board on Defence ; in these capacities he was instrumental in the development of the CF - 100 Canuck . On June 5 , 1948 he was made Commander , Legion of Merit ( CLM ) by the Government of the United States of America . Air Vice - Marshal James gave the departing word to personnel of No . 426 Squadron RCAF on July 25 , 1950 upon their participation in " Operation Hawk " , the RCAF codeword for the Korean Airlift . On August 1 , 1951 he was promoted to Air Officer Commanding , Air Defence Command , RCAF . He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal on October 23 , 1953 while still AOC , ADC . Air Vice - Marshal James retired in 1957 and became president and general manager of Bristol Aero Engines Limited . The RCAF school for dependent children at RCAF Station St . Margarets was named " James Park School " in his honour . He died in 1964 and in 1966 the post office at RCAF Station St . Margarets was renamed to " Post Office James Park " in his honour as well . James ' citation for the CBE reads as follows : His citation for the CLM reads as follows :
Wilhelm Spies Wilhelm Spies ( 26 August 1913 – 27 January 1942 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . Wilhelm Spies was shotdown on 27 January 1942 near Suchinitschi , Russia . He was posthumously promoted to Major and awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight ' s Cross on 5 April 1942 . During his career he was credited with 20 aerial victories , 10 over the Western Front and 10 over the Eastern Front .
Bengal Regiment The Bengal Regiment is a name given to a large number of infantry regiments raised for the British Indian Army . These regiments were originally raised by the East India Company as part of the Army of Bengal , which was one of the three presidency armies that were absorbed into British Indian Army in 1903 . Composing mainly of recruits from the British Indian province of Bengal , following the partitioning of India and its independence from Britain , such regiments have been carried over into the Indian Army , the Pakistan Army and the Bangladesh Army where they continue to serve today . As a point of history , most regiments in the Bengal Army were dismantled by the British in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , because the mutiny was believed to have been started because of disaffection amongst the sepoys and sowars of the Army of Bengal . One of the main actors of the mutiny , Mangal Pandey belonged to the 34th Bengal Native Infantry , and it was the incident on March 29 , 1857 at Barrackpore when he injured the adjutant , Lieutenant Baugh , with a sword after shooting him , that is said to have started the mutiny .
Thomas Colclough Watson Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Colclough Watson VC ( 11 April 1867 – 15 June 1917 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Watson was 30 years old , and a lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers , British Army , attached to the Bengal Engineers , British Indian Army during the First Mohmand Campaign in British India when , on the night of 16 / 17 September 1897 in the Mamund Valley , North - West India , Lieutenant Watson and James Morris Colquhoun Colvin collected a party of volunteers ( including James Smith ) and led them into the dark and burning village of Bilot , to try to dislodge the enemy who were inflicting losses on British troops . After being wounded and driven back by very heavy fire at close quarters , Lieutenant Watson made a second attempt to clear the village and only gave up after a second repulse and being again severely wounded . An account mentioning him is given in Winston Churchill ' s " The Story of the Malakand Field Campaign " . He later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel dying of illness contracted whilst serving in Mesopotamia during World War I . His wife Edith was awarded the Royal Red Cross .
Fort de Villiers Fort de Villers was built following the Franco - Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the east of Paris in Villiers - sur - Marne , the fort was part of an outer ring of eighteen major fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . The Fort de Villiers was built between 1878 and 1880 at an elevation of 111 meters , overlooking the Marne to the north and a rail line to the south , and was intended to deny the use of the height to an enemy . The fort was originally armed with eighteen long - range guns , ten smaller guns for the caponier s , and three mortars . Pre - surveyed fields of fire covered the neighboring Fort de Champigny at 3500m and the Fort de Chelles , 6200m away . The fort received 75mm anti - aircraft guns in 1915 . The Fort de Villiers was the property of the Ministry of Defense until July 2001 , when it was transferred to the community of Noisy - le - Grand , one of a series of new towns constructed around Paris . The fort covers seven hectares on the south side of A4 autoroute . It is linked to the town center of Noisy - le - Grand by a bridge over the autoroute . Until 2007 the fort housed community sports organizations . However , access to the fort has since been prohibited due to the state of the access bridge and the numerous dead trees resulting from the windstorms of late 1999 . The Association de Sauvegarde du Fort De Villiers ( ASFV ) was established in 2008 to document and promote the preservation of the fort . It remains closed to the public .
Alejandro R . Ruiz Sergeant Alejandro Renteria Ruiz ( June 26 , 1923 – November 20 , 2009 ) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor , the United States ' highest military decoration , for his actions in the Battle of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands during World War II . Early years . Ruiz was born and raised in Loving , New Mexico and enlisted in the United States Army in the town of Carlsbad , New Mexico upon the outbreak of World War II . He was assigned to the U . S . 27th Infantry Division after completing basic training . World War II . During World War II , the conquest of the Japanese island of Okinawa was considered vital for the Allied forces as a step towards an invasion of the Japan ese mainland . The invasion ( codenamed " Operation Iceberg " ) was the largest amphibious operation of the Pacific war , and involved units of the U . S . Tenth Army , commanded by Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner , Jr . These consisted of III Amphibious Corps ( 1st and 6th Marine Division s , with 2nd Marine Division as an afloat reserve ) , and XXIV Corps ( 7th , 77th , 96th and 27th Infantry Divisions . ) On April 28 , 1945 , PFC Ruiz ' s unit was pinned down by machine gun fire coming from a camouflaged Japanese pillbox and was unable to advance to its assigned objective . Ruiz , on his own initiative , charged the pillbox under a hail of machine gun fire . On his second attempt , he was able to neutralize the pillbox by killing all of its occupants . For his actions he was awarded the Medal of Honor . On June 26 , 1946 , President Harry S . Truman presented Ruiz with the Medal of Honor in a ceremony held at the White House . Medal of Honor citation . ALEJANDRO R . RUIZ " Rank and organization : " Private First Class , U . S . Army , 165th Infantry , 27th Infantry Division " Place and date : " Okinawa , Ryukyu Islands , April 28 , 1945 " Entered service at : " Carlsbad , New Mexico " Born : " June 26 , 1923 , Loving , New Mexico " G . O . No . 60 , June 26 , 1946 . " Citation : " Honors . Ruiz resided in Visalia , California and actively participated in activities honoring Medal of Honor recipients . Ruiz died on November 20 , 2009 , of congestive heart failure . The town of Visalia has honored Ruiz by naming the " Alejandro R . Ruiz Sr . Park " after him , located at North Burke Street and Buena Vista Street . Awards and recognitions . Among PFC Alejandro R . Ruiz ' decorations and medals were the following :
USS L - 11 ( SS - 51 ) USS " L - 11 " ( SS - 51 ) was an " L " - class submarine of the United States Navy . " L - 11 " was laid down on 17 February 1915 by Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy , Massachusetts . She was launched on 16 May 1916 sponsored by Miss Mary Richards Latimer , and commissioned 15 August 1916 , Lieutenant , junior grade W . R . Carter in command . Service history . Assigned to the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla , " L - 11 " operated along the East Coast developing new techniques of undersea warfare until April 1917 . After the United States ' s entry into World War I , submarines were needed to protect Allied shipping lanes to Europe , and " L - 11 " departed Boston , Massachusetts on 4 December to undertake the task . Following a period of patrol and repair in the Azores , the submarine arrived Ireland in mid - February 1918 to Join Submarine Division 5 ( SubDiv 5 ) in anti - submarine patrol off the British Isles . For the next nine months , she ranged shipping lanes , sighting enemy U - boat s on three occasions . On 11 May , she made a torpedo attack on an enemy submarine with inconclusive results . After the Armistice with Germany , " L - 11 " operated out of the Isle of Portland , England , until 3 January 1919 when she sailed for the United States . Arriving Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 1 February , she operated off the East Coast for the next four years developing submarine warfare tactics . " L - 11 " decommissioned at Hampton Roads , Virginia , on 28 November 1923 , and was scrapped on 28 November 1933 .
George Bell , Jr . George Bell , Jr . ( January 22 , 1859 – October 29 , 1926 ) was a United States Army Major General . He commanded the 33rd Infantry Division during World War I and was also commanded the United States VI Corps . Early life and start of military career . Born at Fort McHenry in Baltimore , Maryland and the son of Brigadier General George Bell ( 1828 – 1907 ) , he attended the United States Military Academy . After graduating in 1880 he was posted to assignments throughout the country , including Fort Maginnis , Fort Shaw , Fort Ellis , Fort Snelling , and Fort Missoula . In the 1890s he served as Professor of Military Science at Cornell University . In 1894 he received a law degree from Cornell and passed the New York bar exam . Later career . He served in the Spanish - American War ' s Santiago Campaign and the Samar Campaign of the Philippine Insurrection . In 1907 Bell was appointed to the Infantry Equipment Board , taking part in the design of many items that were later used in World War I . In 1913 Bell assumed command of the 16th Infantry Regiment at The Presidio in San Francisco . In 1916 he was promoted to Brigadier General and assigned to head the El Paso District during the Pancho Villa Expedition . World War I . At the start of the war Bell was promoted to Major General and assigned to command the Illinois National Guard ' s 33rd Division . He commanded throughout the war , with the 33rd attaining distinction as the only American division to fight while organized with both French and British forces as well as fighting under its own flag . Post World War I . After the war he commanded VI Corps with headquarters in Chicago , Illinois until reaching mandatory retirement in 1923 at age 64 . Awards and decorations . Bell ' s awards included the Distinguished Service Medal , and his foreign honors included the French Croix de Guerre with Palm and the Legion of Honor , as well as appointment as a Knight Commander of England ' s Order of St . Michael and St . George . Post military career . After leaving the Army Bell was elected President of Chicago ' s Hill State Bank . Death and burial . Bell died in Chicago on October 29 , 1926 . He was buried in Chicago ' s Rosehill Cemetery and Mausoleum . Legacy . Illinois ' Bell Bowl Prairie amphitheater and Chicago ' s Bell Park and George Bell American Legion Post are named for him . Fort Bell in Bermuda was also named for him .