naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Norwegian Armed Forces The Norwegian Armed Forces ( , " The Defence " ) is the military organization responsible for the defence of Norway . It consists of five branches , the Norwegian Army , the Royal Norwegian Navy , which includes the Coast Guard , the Royal Norwegian Air Force , the Home Guard and the Cyber Force , as well as several joint departments . The armed forces number 23 , 000 personnel , including civilian employees , and have a full - mobilization combat strength of 83 , 000 . Norway employs a weak form of mandatory military service for women and men . While 63841 men and women were called in for the examination of persons liable for military service in 2012 ( mandatory for men ) , just 9265 were conscripted . In practice conscription military service is voluntary . On 14 June 2013 the Norwegian Parliament voted to extend conscription to women making Norway the first NATO member and first European country to make national service compulsory for both men and women . The military expenditure of US $ 6 . 2 billion is the highest per capita in Europe . The armed forces are subordinate the Ministry of Defence , led by Anne - Grete Strøm - Erichsen . The formal commander - in - chief is King Harald V , however , the de facto commander - in - chief is Chief of Defence Harald Sunde . His staff is located at Akershus Fortress in Oslo , while the Norwegian Joint Headquarters , responsible for commanding operations , is located in Bodø . The main naval base is Haakonsvern in Bergen , the main army camps are in Bardu , Målselv and Rena , and the main air stations are Ørland and Bodø . An organized military was first assembled in Norway in the 9th century and was early focused around naval warfare . The army was created in 1628 as part of Denmark – Norway , followed by two centuries of regular wars . A Norwegian military was established in 1814 , but the military did not see combat until the German occupation of Norway in 1940 . Norway abandoned its position as a neutral country in 1949 to become a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) . The Cold War saw a large build - up of air stations and military bases , especially in Northern Norway . Since the 2000s , the military has transformed from a focus on defence from an invasion to a mobile force for international missions . Organization . The Chief of Defence ( a four - star general or admiral ) heads the armed forces , and is the principal military adviser to the Minister of Defence . Military branches ( in order of seniority ) : Other main structures , include : Structure . Norwegian Army . From 1 August 2009 the Norwegian Army changed its structure :
USS Bitterbush ( AN - 39 ) USS " Bitterbush " ( AN - 39 / YN - 58 ) was an which served with the U . S . Navy in the western Pacific Ocean theatre of operations during World War II . She served the U . S . Pacific Fleet with her protective anti - submarine nets , and returned home safely after the war with one battle star to her credit . Built in Washington . The net tender " Almond " ( YN - 58 ) was laid down on 30 November 1942 at Everett , Washington , by the Everett Pacific Ship Building and Dry Dock Co . ; renamed " Bitterbush " on 3 April 1943 ; launched on 30 June 1943 ; sponsored by Miss Veberly Jean Miller ; and commissioned on 15 January 1944 , Lt . Harry E . Horrocks , Jr . , USNR , in command . World War II service . Redesignated a net laying ship , " AN - 39 " , on 20 January 1944 , " Bitterbush " completed outfitting on 26 February 1944 , reported for duty to the Commander , Operational Training Command , Pacific , and departed Seattle , Washington , for San Diego , California , that same day . Following shakedown training , " Bitterbush " reported for duty to the Commandant , 12th Naval District , arriving at San Francisco , California , on 20 March . The ship worked the submarine nets at Tiburon , California , and San Francisco over the next eight months , before departing San Francisco Bay on 29 November 1944 . " Bitterbush " made stops at Port Hueneme , Terminal Island , and San Pedro , California , before setting out across the Pacific Ocean on 5 December 1944 . Proceeding to Pearl Harbor , the ship reported on 5 January 1945 to the Commander , 5th Amphibious Force , for duty . Underway from Oahu on 24 January 1945 , the ship sailed via Eniwetok and Guam to Iwo Jima . After voyage repairs , " Bitterbush " worked on the submarine net line at the recently conquered island through the end of hostilities with Japan . End - of - war decommissioning . On 17 September 1945 , she sailed for the United States . Proceeding via Saipan , Eniwetok , and Pearl Harbor , the ship reached San Francisco by 20 October 1945 . Entering drydock soon after her arrival , the net layer — although at one time considered for use removing anti - submarine nets in the 12th Naval District — remained drydocked at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard until decommissioned on 4 January 1946 . Deemed surplus to Navy needs , " Bitterbush " was struck from the Navy List on 21 January 1946 . Transferred to the U . S . Maritime Commission for disposal on 6 May 1947 , she was sold and converted for merchant service , in which capacity she operated from 1948 until destroyed by fire off Puerto Rico on 27 May 1954 . Honors and awards . " Bitterbush " was awarded one battle star for her World War II service .
Algernon Willis Admiral of the Fleet Sir Algernon Usborne Willis KCB DSO ( 1889 – 1976 ) was a British Royal Navy officer . Naval career . Willis joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1904 and went on to serve in World War I and then actions against the Bolsheviks in the Baltic from 1918 to 1919 . In the Second World War he was appointed as Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief , Mediterranean Fleet , first under Sir Dudley Pound and then in 1940 . under Sir Andrew Cunningham , He participated in various Fleet operations in the Mediterranean , including the Battle of Calabria in July 1940 , and the attack on Italian Fleet at Taranto in October 1940 . In 1941 he was appointed Commander - in - Chief South Atlantic with acting rank of Vice - Admiral and was responsible for convoys passing through to the Middle East and for operations against enemy vessels . Then in February 1942 he transferred to HMS Resolution as Vice - Admiral commanding 3rd Battle Squadron and Second in command Eastern Fleet under Admiral Sir James Somerville . This Fleet was assigned the duty of protecting communications in the Indian Ocean . In March 1943 he was Flag Officer commanding Force H , the force which covered North African Operations and then the invasion of Italy . In October 1943 he became Commander - in - Chief , Levant after the Armistice with Italy when Force H dispersed . As Commander - in - Chief Levant he conducted the Dodecanese Campaign of Autumn 1943 and attended the Cairo Conference . He returned to the UK in 1944 and became Second Sea Lord on the Board of Admiralty and held this appointment until February 1946 when he was appointed Commander - in - Chief , Mediterranean Fleet . He went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Portsmouth in 1948 . He retired in 1950 . It was widely believed he was not made First Sea Lord because his wife was Prime Minister Clement Attlee ' s sister - in - law and Attlee felt such an appointment could look like nepotism . He spent his last years in Petersfield in Hampshire . Family . According to Burke ' s Landed Gentry 1952 , under the entry ' Willis of Monk ' s Barn ' , Willis was a descendant of Christopher Willis or Willes , b . c . 1527 , the nephew of William Willes , Dean of Middleham , Yorkshire . His parents were Herbert Bourdillon Willis and his wife Edith Florence , the daughter of John Alldin Moore , of Hampstead , barrister - at - law . He married , on September 7 , 1916 , Olive Christine , the daughter of Henry Edward Millar , of Heathdown , Hampstead . They had two daughters . Papers and Publications . After his death in 1976 , 13 boxes of archived papers were presented to the Churchill Archives Centre in the University of Cambridge . Additional documents are held by the National Archives . Reports in the London Gazette :
Ypolochagos Ypolochagos ( ) is used in the modern Greek language to mean " First Lieutenant " . In the modern Hellenic Army the rank is superior to that of " Anthypolochagos " ( Literally : ' In place of - Lieutenant ' , i . e . Second Lieutenant ) and inferior to that of an " Lochagos " ( Captain ) . The insignia consists of two silver stars . Officers holding this rank should be addressed as " " Kyrie Ypolochage " " ( Κύριε Υπολοχαγέ ) by their subordinates , or " " Ypolochage " + family name " by their superior officers .
Ferdinand - Alphonse Oklowski Ferdinand - Alphonse Oklowski ( Polish : Ferdynand Alfons Oklowski ) was military officer of Polish origins . As a colonel , he took part in the second uprising of the Lower Canada Rebellions as he commanded the Patriote forces in the Battle of Lacolle , on November 6 and November 7 , 1838 . The Patriote won the first skirmish of November 6 but lost the final confrontation the next day .
Walter Aston Lieutenant Colonel Walter Aston ( c . 1606 – April 6 , 1656 ) was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in the first half of the 17th century . Aston was born in England and may have been descended from the Astons of Staffordshire . Aston represented Shirley Hundred Island for the first time from 1629 to 1630 . He continued to be a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1631 – 1632 , 1632 – 1633 , 1641 , 1642 - 1643 . Aston married twice , first to a woman whose maiden name was Warbowe then to Hannah Jordan who outlived him . She later married Col . Edward Hill . By the time he died on April 6 , 1656 he was a Lt . Col . Aston was buried at the original Westover Parish Church , Charles City County , Virginia . His son , Walter Aston , Jr . , died January 29 , 1666 , and is buried near his father at Westover Parish Church . Both graves are located in the cemetery on the grounds west of Westover Plantation , not at the cemetery next to the new church . Aston is buried near the original site of the Westover Church next to his friend Theodorick Bland of Westover and near Benjamin Harrison .
Chirag Gala Chirag Gala , also spelled Çiraq Qala or Çirax Qala , which means " lamp ( or light ) castle " in Azerbaijani is a ruined ancient fortress overlooking the Caspian coastal plains north of Baku in Azerbaijan . Its located on the top of a mountain , in the Guba Forest . It was constructed by the Sassanid Persia ns in the 5th century , it was used as a defense for the khanate of Quba in the 18th century . Today the Chirag Gala is a historic site and it frequently visited by tourists . Because of the large rocks and rough road the Chirag Gala is almost impossible to reach with any vehicle . Most tourists and people travel by foot to the top of the mountain .
Duke Henry of Mecklenburg - Schwerin Duke Henry of Mecklenburg - Schwerin ( Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst ; 19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934 ) , later Prince Henry of the Netherlands , was prince consort of the Netherlands as the husband of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands . In the Netherlands , the name of the German duke was rendered into Hendrik . He was the longest serving consort of the Netherlands . Biography . Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst of Mecklenburg - Schwerin was born on 19 April 1876 in Schwerin . He was the youngest son of Frederick Francis II , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg - Schwerin , and his third wife , Princess Marie of Schwarzburg - Rudolstadt . He was created Prince of the Netherlands on 6 February 1901 , and married Queen Wilhelmina on 7 February 1901 , in The Hague . The marriage proved in time to be an unhappy one that did little more than meet its obligation by producing an heir . They had one child , Juliana , in whose favor her mother abdicated on 4 September 1948 . He was the 279th Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword and the 1 , 157th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain in 1924 . He died , at the age of 58 , on 3 July 1934 in The Hague , Netherlands . Scouting . He successfully merged the two Dutch Boy Scout organisations Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie ( NPO , Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation ) and the Nederlandse Padvinders Bond ( NPB , Netherlands Pathfinder Federation ) on 11 December 1915 to form De Nederlandse Padvinders ( NPV , The Netherlands Pathfinders ) . He became the Royal Commissioner of that organisation and he asked Jean Jacques Rambonnet to become chairman in 1920 .
El Gran Grifón El Gran Grifón was the flagship of the Spanish Armada ' s supply squadron of Baltic hulks ( built in and chartered from the City of Rostock ) ; see List of Ships of the Spanish Armada . She was shipwrecked on Fair Isle on 27 September 1588 . The 650 - ton 38 - gun ship sailed under the command and section flag of Juan Gómez de Medina and not – as often quoted – under the command of Don Alonso Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno , 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia , Admiral of Spain and commanding officer of the Armada . She had been attacked and badly damaged right in the first meeting in the Channel but managed somehow to escape into the open North Sea where she later met the rest of the beaten Armada . Because of leaks she had to run before the wind up the east coast of Britain . However , an unusually strong storm and the tides forced the ships to cross between Norway and the Northern Isles for about a week before they reached the Atlantic . Having the coast of Ireland nearly in sight many ships were thrown back north by another storm . " El Gran Grifón " , the " Barca de Amburgo " ( a hulk , chartered from the City of Hamburg ) and the " Trinidad Valencera " ( 1 , 100 - tons , one of the biggest ships of the Armada ) were separated from the remaining fleet . The " Barca de Amburgo " foundered south west of the Fair Isle , but was able to split her crew between " El Gran Grifon " and the " Trinidad Valencera " ( later wrecked in Irish waters ) . Thus " El Gran Grifón " carried 43 crew and 234 soldiers – far more sailors and armed forces than standard . When " El Gran Grifón " arrived at Fair Isle trying to find a haven to effect repairs she anchored in " Swartz Geo " , but the tide drove the ship ashore so that she wrecked on the rocks of " Stroms Hellier " . The crew and soldiers scrambled ashore and were stranded on the isle for about two months before most of them departed first for Orkney ( where they are remembered as the " Westray Dons " until today ) and then to St Andrews and then to Edinburgh . 50 of the men died on Fair Isle either of their wounds or starvation or exposure and were buried in the " Spaniards Grave " . Half of the survivors were killed when their ship en route to Spain was attacked and sent aground by Dutch gunboats alerted by the English Navy ( Queen Elizabeth had only promised that they would not be molested by English ships ) . The wreck of " El Gran Grifón " was excavated by Colin Martin and Sydney Wignall in 1970 . In 1984 a delegation from Spain planted an iron cross in the island ' s cemetery in remembrance of the sailors who had died there .
21st Light Dragoons The 21st Light Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the British Army . It was raised on 5April 1760 , as the 21st Light Dragoons ( Royal Forresters ) by John , Marquis of Granby , and Lord Robert Sutton . It was also sometimes known as the Royal Windsor Forresters . This first regiment was however disbanded on 3 March 1763 . It was raised again in 1779 by Major - General Douglas and disbanded in 1783 . Another regiment was raised in 1794 when it was also known as the Yorkshire Light Dragoons and disbanded again after the Napoleonic Wars in 1819 . In India another 21st regiment was raised in 1862 , by renaming the 3rd Bengal European Cavalry , which eventually became the 21st Lancers , but they have no affiliation to the 21st Light Dragoons .
Buckenham Castle Old and New Buckenham Castle are two castles in the adjacent villages of Old Buckenham and New Buckenham , Norfolk . Old castle . All that remains today of what was a Norman castle are the remnants of the earthworks and some traces of a stone curtain wall . The castle was built by William d ’ Albini , a follower of William the Conqueror . After the castle was moved to the new site a priory was established on the site thus destroying many of the earlier remains . To service the castle and garrison , what is now New Buckenham was established and it is thought that it probably covered much the same area and grid layout as remains today . New castle . In the early part of the reign of King Stephen a new castle was built two miles to the north west of the site of the old castle by the Aubigny family . Today we can still see the remaining foundations of a circular stone keep - this is approximately 60 feet in diameter . The castle was besieged during the Barons ' War in 1263 . The fortress was finally demolished in 1649 by the owner Sir Philip Knyvet , leaving just the moat and the earth ramparts . The Knyvett family had moved here from their earlier seat at Southwick , Northamptonshire . By 1465 Sir John Knyvet occupied the castle . That year his daughter married Sir Henry Colet , later Lord Mayor of London . The castle comprised an inner bailey and two outer baileys , all with earth walls . The circular keep is thought to be the earliest in England . Its walls are 11 feet thick at their base and it is thought that the height of the keep in its heyday could have been as much as 40 feet . New Buckenham Castle is located on the edge of the village - this some 20 miles south - west of Norwich on the A11 and the B1077 . This site is a Grade I Listed building and a Scheduled Monument . The key is available from Castle Hill Garage - There is a small admission charge .
Edgar Caldwell Edgar Caldwell was an officer in the United States Army during World War I . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Battle of Saint - Mihiel . His award citation reads : Caldwell ' s official residence was listed as Fort Atkinson , Wisconsin .
Thomas Lyons ( Medal of Honor ) Thomas Lyons ( 1838 – August 29 , 1904 ) was a sailor in the United States Navy and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions during the American Civil War . Lyons was born sometime in 1838 in Salem , Massachusetts . On April 24 , 1862 he was on board during the attack on Fort Jackson and Fort St . Philip . Lashed outside of that vessel , on the port - sheet chain , with the lead in hand to lead the ship past the forts , Lyons never flinched , although under a heavy fire from the forts and Confederate gunboats . His actions earned the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Seaman , U . S . Navy . Born : 1838 , Salem , Mass . Accredited To : Massachusetts . G . O . No . : 169 , February 8 , 1872 Citation : Served as seaman on board the U . S . S . Pensacola in the attack on Forts Jackson and St . Philip , 24 April 1862 . Carrying out his duties throughout the din and roar of the battle , Lyons never once erred in his brave performance . Lashed outside of that vessel , on the port - sheet chain , with the lead in hand to lead the ship past the forts , Lyons never flinched , although under a heavy fire from the forts and rebel gunboats .
Siege of Alexandria ( 47 BC ) The Siege of Alexandria was a series of skirmishes and battles occurring between the forces of Julius Caesar , Cleopatra VII , Arsinoe IV , and Ptolemy XIII , between 48 and 47 BC . During this time Caesar was engaged in the Civil War between himself and the forces of the Senate . Prelude . After the Battle of Pharsalus between the forces of Caesar and those of Gnaeus Pompey Magnus and the Senate the majority of the forces commanded by Pompey were scattered or surrendered to Caesar . Pompey however escaped via Amphipolis to Egypt . Pompey was killed upon landing in Egypt by Achillas and Lucius Septimius , former soldiers in his army . The assassination was carried out by the eunuch Pothinus and Theodotus of Chios , advisors of the Pharaoh Ptolemy who deemed that they could endear themselves to Caesar by removing his enemy Pompey . Events . Caesar was horrified at the murder of Pompey , and wept for his one - time ally and son - in - law . He demanded the money Ptolemy ' s father Ptolemy XII Auletes had been lent by Rome and agreed to settle the dispute between Ptolemy and his sister and co - regent Cleopatra VII . Caesar chose to favor Cleopatra over her brother . Achillas subsequently joined Pothinus in resisting Caesar , and having had the command of the whole army entrusted to him by Pothinus , he marched against Alexandria with 20 , 000 on foot and 2 , 000 cavalry . Caesar , who was at Alexandria , did not have sufficient forces to oppose him , and sent ambassadors to negotiate with him . However , Achillas murdered the ambassadors to remove all hopes of reconciliation . He then marched into Alexandria and occupied most of the city . Meanwhile , Arsinoe , the younger sister of Ptolemy , escaped from Caesar and joined Achillas . In 47 BC , dissension broke out between them , and Arsinoe had Achillas put to death by Ganymedes , a eunuch to whom she then entrusted the command of the forces . Ganymedes initially enjoyed some success against Caesar , who had only the soldiers he had brought with him and a minor Italian militia left over from previous issues in 55 BC , but the leading Egyptian officers were soon dissatisfied with the eunuch . Under a pretext of wanting peace , they negotiated with Caesar to exchange Arsinoë for Ptolemy XIII , who was subsequently released only to continue the war . Relief for the Romans came in the form of Mithridates of Pergamum and Antipater from Judea . A final pitched battle was fought on the west side of the Nile River with Caesar victorious and Ptolemy drowning while attempting to cross the river . Aftermath . Ptolemy ' s crown was passed to his younger brother Ptolemy XIV and Cleopatra as co - rulers . Caesar reportedly toured Egypt for two months with Cleopatra before renewing his activities in the civil war . Arsinoe was marched through Rome as a prisoner , banished to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus , and later executed on the orders of Cleopatra and Mark Antony .
Operation Able Rising Force Operation Able Rising Force was a military operation in December 2006 in Iraq by US troops and Iraqi police and troops for purposes of counterinsurgency to locate and detain suspect ed terrorists . Operation Details . The operation was a combined effort between Soldiers from 1st Battalion , 1st Brigade , 4th Iraqi Army Division , local police and troops from 1st Brigade Combat Team , 3rd Infantry Division . Occurring in Khadisia , about eight kilometers north of Tikrit , Operation Able Rising Force was set up to locate and detain suspected terrorists . Among the 52 detainees were three terrorists wanted for improvised explosive device ( IED ) attacks against civilians and the military .
Army of the Bug The Army of the Bug ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I named for the Bug River . It was formed against Russia on 8 July 1915 and served exclusively on the Eastern Front . It was dissolved on 31 March 1918 . History . The Army of the Bug was formed on 8 July 1915 by renaming the previous South Army with headquarters in Lemberg . After the commander , General der Infanterie Alexander von Linsingen , had been appointed to simultaneous command of " Heeresgruppe " Linsingen on 20 September 1915 , the Army of the Bug was split into " Armee - Gruppen " that were under the direct command of the " Heeresgruppe " . At various times , these included The dissolution of the last of these on 28 January 1918 marked the end of the Army of the Bug as well . Commanders . The Army of the Bug was commanded throughout its existence by General der Infanterie Alexander von Linsingen ( previously commander of South Army ) . Linsingen was simultaneously commander of " Heeresgruppe " Linsingen from 20 September 1915 and remained its commander when the Army of the Bug was disbanded .