naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Stuart Archer Colonel Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer GC OBE ERD ( born 3 February 1915 ) , known as Stuart Archer , is the oldest living recipient of the George Cross , the highest British ( and Commonwealth ) medal for gallantry not in the face of the enemy . Award of George Cross . He was awarded the medal on 30 September 1941 . The award was for extensive work on defusing German bombs dropped on United Kingdom during World War II . Before joining the Royal Engineers , who carried out bomb disposal work in the United Kingdom , he served with the Honourable Artillery Company . He had carried out bomb disposal work since June 1940 , and had dealt with 200 bombs prior to the awarding of the George Cross , and provided the War Office with five different fuses as well as the Zus anti - handling device s . Before joining the army he was a qualified architect with the Royal Institute of British Architects , at the youngest possible age of 21 , in July 1936 , starting work in Grays Inn with a firm he became a partner in and remained with for all of his working life . In 1963 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of the bomb disposal regiments of the Royal Engineers . Archer has been the Chairman of the Victoria Cross and George Cross Association since 1994 , and represented the Association at the funeral of the Queen Mother in 2002 . Citation . The original announcement of the award read simply : The full citation is : See also . List of George Cross recipients
German submarine U - 157 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 157 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 21 October 1940 at the AG Weser yard in Bremen , launched on 5 June 1941 , and commissioned on 15 September under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Wolf Henne . After training with the 4th U - boat Flotilla , " U - 157 " was transferred to the 2nd U - boat Flotilla for front - line service on 3 June 1942 . Service history . 1st patrol . " U - 157 " sailed from Kiel on 30 April 1942 , around the British Isles , and arrived at Lorient , France , eleven days later on 10 May . 2nd patrol . The U - boat left Lorient on 18 May 1942 and sailed across the Atlantic to the Caribbean Sea . There , on 11 June , she torpedoed and sank the unescorted 6 , 401 - ton American tanker " Hagan " about five miles off the north coast of Cuba . The ship , loaded with 22 , 676 barrels of blackstrap molasses , was hit in the engine room , destroying the engines and causing at least one boiler to explode . About a minute later a second torpedo struck , and the tanker began to sink by the stern . The crew abandoned ship in two lifeboats , but two officers and four crewmen were lost . The boats , containing 38 men , both landed in Cuba . " U - 157 " was sunk two days later , on 13 June , south - west of Key West , in position , by depth charge s from the US Coast Guard cutter USS " Thetis " . All 52 crew were lost .
Operation Leader Operation Leader was the code name for an attack undertaken by aircraft from the carrier on 4 October 1943 on German shipping along the coast of Norway in the Bodø area . The escorting force included the battleships and , the cruisers and , and 12 American and British destroyers including the . The task force reached launch position off the Vestfjorden before dawn on 4 October completely undetected . At 06 : 18 , USS " Ranger " launched 20 SBD Dauntless dive bomber s and an escort of eight F4F Wildcat fighter s . One division of dive bombers attacked the freighter " La Plata " , while the rest continued north to attack a German ship convoy . The bombers severely damaged a tanker and a smaller troop transport . They also sank two of four small German merchant ships in the Bodø roadstead . A second attack group from " Ranger " — consisting of 10 TBF Avenger torpedo bomber s and six Wildcats — destroyed a German freighter and a small coastal ship , and bombed a troop - laden transport . Three of the aircraft were lost to anti - aircraft fire . On the afternoon of 4 October , " Ranger " was located by three " Luftwaffe " aircraft ; her combat air patrol shot down two of the enemy planes and chased away the third .
David John Scannell David John Scannell ( March 30 , 1875 – May 7 , 1923 ) was a United States Marine and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions during the Boxer Rebellion . Biography . A native of Boston , Massachusetts , Scannell enlisted in the Marine Corps from that city on February 1 , 1898 , and served as a private . In Beijing ( then known to Americans as Peking ) , China , from July 21 to August 17 , 1900 , he helped erect barricade s despite heavy hostile fire . One year later , on July 19 , 1901 , he was awarded the Medal of Honor for this action . Scannell was discharged from the Marine Corps on March 6 , 1903 , after five years of service . He died two decades later , at age 48 , and was buried at Togus National Cemetery in Chelsea , Maine . The only Medal of Honor recipient in the cemetery , Scannell ' s grave is distinguished by a special marker with gold engraving . Medal of Honor citation . His official citation reads : In the presence of the enemy during the action at Peking , China , 21 July to 17 August 1900 . Throughout this period , Scannell distinguished himself by meritorious conduct .
Naval Live Oaks Reservation The Naval Live Oaks Reservation ( also known as Deer Point Live Oaks Reservation or Deer Point Plantation ) is part of the Gulf Islands National Seashore , and is near Gulf Breeze , Florida . The Reservation was included in the Seashore ' s establishment on January 8 , 1971 , and added to the U . S . National Register of Historic Places on September 28 , 1998 . History . The U . S . Government purchased the tract of land making up the Naval Live Oaks Reservation in 1828 for use in experimenting with the cultivation of live oak s from acorns . Before the Civil War , Live Oak wood was the primary material of choice for shipbuilders , thus the protection and cultivation of the trees for Naval use was vital . Currently , the land comprises over 1300 acres ( 5 . 3 km² ) in Gulf Islands National Seashore and is owned by the Department of the Interior , National Park Service . U . S . Route 98 goes through the southern portion of the land . To the south of Highway 98 is a visitor ' s center for the Gulf Islands National Seashore and some public beach areas . On the north side there is one picnic area with a trail to a bluff overlooking Pensacola Bay . There are trails throughout the park .
Maurice Janin Pierre - Thiébaut - Charles - Maurice Janin ( October 19 , 1862 , Paris – April 28 , 1946 ) was a French general ( since April 20 , 1916 ) and military commander who was the chief of the French military mission in Siberia during the Russian civil war . Maurice Janin is known as " the general without honor " because of his betrayal of White movement leader Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak . On January 14 , 1920 , after giving his word to guarantee the safety of Admiral Kolchak , leader of the anti - Bolshevik resistance , he ordered the Czechoslovak Legion to kidnap him and hand him over to the Socialist Revolutionaries at Irkutsk . Janin is recipient of the Latvian military Order of Lāčplēsis , 2nd class . He was also ordered Czechoslovak Military variant of Order of the White Lion in 1923 .
98th Pennsylvania Infantry The 98th Pennsylvania Regiment was an infantry regiment during the American Civil War . Colonel John Ballier , who created it in place of his 21st Regiment , served as leader . Most of the soldiers were of German origin . One of the men , August Frank , of Company E , had a collateral descent from George Washington , through his brother Augustine . Many of the soldiers came from the Philadelphia area . The unit fought its first battle at Williamsburg . They are most famous for their service at Salem Heights , Virginia . General Frank Wheaton said that they " were necessarily left on the south side of the mainroad , where they performed gallant service under the officer in charge . They lost ( men ) heavily , and held their position to the last . " The unit also fought at Antietam , Fredricksburg , Gettysburg , Appomattox , and others . They have two monuments at Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District . The 98th was also present at the surrender of General Robert E . Lee .
Adelbert Rinaldo Buffington Adelbert Rinaldo Buffington ( 1837 – 1922 ) was an American soldier . Biography . Adelbert Buffington was born in Wheeling , West Virginia , and graduated from West Point in May 1861 ( the same class as Adelbert Ames ) . He was brevetted major in 1865 , and was commander successively of the United States ordnance depots at Wheeling , West Va . , and of the arsenals in New York , Baton Rouge , Watertown , Massachusetts , Watervliet , Indianapolis , Pittsburgh , Springfield , Massachusetts , and Rock Island . In 1899 he was appointed chief of ordnance and was raised to the rank of brigadier general . In 1901 he was retired . He invented a magazine firearm , a " rod bayonet , " and a rear sight for military firearms . He introduced many other improvements in firearms .
Fort Tombecbe Fort Tombecbe ( Fort de Tombecbé ) , also spelled Tombecbee and Tombeché , was a stockade fort located on the Tombigbee River near the border of French Louisiana , in what is now Sumter County , Alabama . It was constructed under the leadership of Jean - Baptiste Le Moyne , Sieur de Bienville in 1736 - 37 as trading post about upriver from Mobile , on an limestone bluff . Fort Tombecbe was built in Choctaw lands and would play a major role in colonial France ' s efforts to stop English intrusions into the area . Bienville claimed that the new fort was to protect the Choctaw from the Chickasaw . Tombecbe was a major French outpost and trade depot among the Choctaw , the largest Native American group in the colony . Control passed to the British in 1763 , who renamed it Fort York . In 1793 Spain acquired the site — by then the fort had been abandoned — from the Choctaw via the Treaty of Boukfouka and built a new fort , which was named Fort Confederacion . It is also known as Fort Confederation . After the United States took possession , via the 1802 Treaty of Fort Confederation , it continued to be used as a trading post with the Choctaws until its eventual abandonment in the 19th century . The Fort Tombecbe site is currently owned by the University of West Alabama and the Archaeological Conservancy , and operated by the staff of the Black Belt Museum .
Gaius Antonius Gaius Antonius ( died 42 BC ) was the second son of Marcus Antonius Creticus and Julia Antonia , and thus , younger brother of Mark Antony , triumvir and enemy of Caesar Augustus . Life . Early life . Like his brother , Gaius started his life free from paternal guidance , in the midst of scandals , parties and gambling . Caesar ' s civil war . During the civil war , Gaius was a legate of Julius Caesar ( 49 BC ) and was entrusted with the defense of Illyria against Pompeians and with the campaign to regain cities already taken by rebels and the Pompeians . Gaius was entrusted with the newly recruited 24th legion and half of the new 28th legion . On the way to Illyria , Antonius was intercepted by a Pompeian fleet . Led by centurion Titus Pullo , the men refused to fight , and turned traitor . They were then reported to be fighting at the Battle of Dyrrachium . Caesar ' s dictatorship . With all the members of the Antonius family , he was then promoted to high offices of the " cursus honorum " . In 44 BC , Gaius was urban praetor , while his brothers Mark Antony and Lucius Antonius were consul and tribune respectively . Caesar ' s assassination and afterwards . After the assassination of Caesar , Gaius ( as a Caesarean ) was appointed governor to the Roman province of Macedonia . Marcus Junius Brutus and the other assassins , however , chose Macedonia as refuge from Octavian and - following opposition from Gaius - dispossessed him of his governorship . Brutus at first seemed to treat him generously , but , on finding that he was attempting to persuade his troops to mutiny , ultimately ordered his death .
Alexander Mackenzie ( engineer ) Alexander Mackenzie was born May 25 , 1844 , in Potosi , Wisconsin and graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1864 . Commissioned in the United States Army Corps of Engineers , he served with the Union Army in Arkansas in 1864 - 65 . Mackenzie spent six years commanding a company of engineer troops at Willets Point , New York , that experimented in the use of torpedoes in coastal defense . In 1879 he began a 16 - year stint as Rock Island District Engineer . He built 100 miles of wing dams on the upper Mississippi River and produced a 40 - foot channel between St . Paul and the mouth of the Missouri River . Called to Washington in 1895 , he became Assistant to the Chief of Engineers in charge of all matters relating to river and harbor improvements . He was the first senior member of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors , which reviewed improvements submitted by Corps of Engineer officers . He was a member of the general staff corps and War College Board when appointed Chief of Engineers on January 23 , 1904 . In that capacity Mackenzie reported on the federal statutes relating to water power for the Inland Waterways Commission , which was established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907 and presented in its preliminary report transmitted to Congress on February 26 , 1908 . Mackenzie retired May 25 , 1908 , as a major general , he was recalled to active duty in 1917 at age 73 as Northwest Division Engineer serving again in Rock Island , Illinois . General Mackenzie died March 21 , 1921 , in Washington , D . C .
Georg Neuffer Georg Neuffer ( 18 April 1895 – 11 May 1977 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Georg Neuffer was captured by British troops in May 1943 following the surrender of German troops in North Africa . He was held until October 1947 .
Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach ( 10 December 1912 – 2 February 1945 ) was a German Luftwaffe bomber pilot and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach was killed on 2 February 1945 over Idstein , Germany .
Basil Arthur Horsfall Second Lieutenant Basil Arthur Horsfall , VC ( 4 October 1887 – 27 March 1918 ) was a British - Ceylonese recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Born on 4 October 1887 in Colombo , Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ) , Horsfall was educated at S . Thomas ' College , Mount Lavinia in Ceylon and at Sir William Borlase ' s Grammar School , Marlow in England . He left a position with Barclay ' s Bank , London , to become a rubber planter back in Ceylon , where he also held a civil service position with the Public Works Department and served with the Ceylon Engineers . During World War I , he served as 2nd Lieutenant with the 1st Battalion , attached to the 11th Battalion , East Lancashire Regiment , of the British Army . Details . Horsfall was 30 years old , and a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion , during World War I when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . 21 March 1918 ( World War I ) . Between Moyenneville and Ablainzevelle , France , when the enemy attacked Second Lieutenant Horsfall ' s centre platoon , his three forward sections were driven back and he was wounded in the head by enemy fire . Ignoring the wound , he immediately reorganised what remained of his troops and counterattacked to regain his original position . Despite the severity of his head wound , he refused to go to the dressing station , as the three other officer s in his company had been killed . Later , he made another counterattack , but was ordered to withdraw . The last to leave his position , he was shot soon afterwards . Further information . Horsfall ' s name is on the Arras Memorial in France . It is not known where he is buried . The medal . Horsfall ' s medal is kept in the Duke of Lancaster ' s Regiment Lancashire Infantry Museum in Fulwood Barracks , Preston , Lancashire .
Guy Henry ( equestrian ) Biography . Guy V . Henry , Jr . was born into the military life . Son of Guy Vernor Henry , he went on to graduate from West Point in 1898 , and distinguished his military career by earning the Silver Star in 1899 during the Spanish - American War . He was also awarded two Distinguished Service Medals later in life . Henry went on to study at the French Cavalry School in Saumur , France and used the knowledge he gained there to change the treatment and training of US Cavalry Horses . This included starting horses not by " breaking " them using the traditional western methods , but by training them on the longe , then slowly teaching them to accept the weight of a human on their back . He also brought dressage methods from both the French and German schools , with a great deal of influence from Baucher , and as senior instructor of equitation at the Mounted Service School at Ft . Riley he insisted in teaching new recruits to properly use the aids and promoted the European methods . Henry helped to institute the high level of horsemanship at Ft . Riley , helping to develop farrier and veterinary programs which were to become required courses for cavalry lieutenants . He also got rid of the harsh curb bit used by the Cavalry , known as the Shoemaker bit , and replaced it with either the snaffle bit or the double bridle . Olympic Equestrian Career . Henry competed in all three Olympic equestrian disciplines - dressage , eventing , and show jumping - for the United States during his years in the Army . His most distinguished Olympic results occurred at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm , where he won the bronze medal in the team eventing competition , finished 11th in the individual event , 4th in the team jumping competition , and 13th in the individual dressage competition . Henry later served at Chef dÉquipe for the US Teams from 1936 – 1948 , was chairman on the Olympic Equestrian Committee from 1930 – 1960 , and director of equestrian events at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles .
7th Army ( Soviet Union ) The Soviet Red Army ' s 7th Army first saw action in the 1939 - 40 Winter War against Finland . In November 1939 , just before the initial Soviet attack , it consisted of the 19th Rifle Corps ( 24th Rifle Division , 43 RD , 70 RD , 123 RD ) , 50th Rifle Corps ( 49 RD , 90 RD , 142 RD ) , 10th Tank Corps , 138th Rifle Division , and an independent tank brigade . The Army was first under Commander ( Second rank ) Yakovlev , but he was removed from command of his army and returned to Leningrad . Command of the war operation Kirill Meretskov was called - off due to extensive failures and heavy casualties , and he replaced Yakovlev as the commander of the Seventh Army . 7th Army was reformed in Autumn ( second half of ) 1940 in the Leningrad Military District . Before the German Operation Barbarossa began it covered the Soviet frontier to the north of Lake Ladoga . Since 24 June 1941 the army included the 54th , 71st , 168th and 237th Rifle Divisions , the 26th Fortified Region , the 55th Composite Aviation Division , and some artillery and engineering formations . It became part of the Northern Front , then the Karelian Front , and conducted defensive operations in Karelia , however losing Ladoga Karelia to the Finns in July – August 1941 . On 25 September 1941 it was renamed the 7th Separate Army , directly subordinate to STAVKA , ( VGK - the Supreme High Command ) , and it remained in that status until February 1944 . In the middle of October 1941 - June 1944 it defended the Svir River line between Lakes Onega and Ladoga . From June to August 1944 the army , comprising now the 37th Guards , 4th , 94th and 99th Rifle Corps , 150th and 162nd Fortified Regions , and a number of artillery , tank , engineering and other units , as part of the Karelian Front , participated in the Svir - Petrozavodsk Operation . It was disbanded in the beginning of January 1945 . On the basis of its headquarters the 9th Guards Army of the Airborne Forces was created on 18 December 1944 . Commanders :
Donald John Dean Colonel Donald John Dean VC OBE ( 19 April 1897 – 9 December 1985 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Military career . Dean served as a private with the 28th London ( Artists Rifles ) Regiment in the Ypres Salient and during the Battle of the Somme . In October 1916 he was commissioned into the Royal West Kent Regiment and fought at Vimy Ridge and around Givenchy . He was 21 years old , and a Temporary Lieutenant in the 8th Battalion , The Queen ' s Own Royal West Kent Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . During the period 24 September – 26 September 1918 , north - west of Lens , France , Lieutenant Dean with his platoon held an advance post established in a newly captured enemy trench . The post was ill - prepared for defence and the lieutenant worked unceasingly with his men consolidating the position , under very heavy fire . Five times in all the post was attacked and on each occasion the attack was repulsed . Throughout the whole of this time Lieutenant Dean inspired his command with his own contempt of danger and set the highest example of valour , leadership and devotion to duty . He later achieved the rank of colonel and served in the Second World War . Dean was among the last to leave the port of Boulogne in 1940 . Later he served in Madagascar and Italy , earning two Mentions in Despatches and a promotion to full colonel in 1945 . He also servied as a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent . Personal life . In 1923 , Dean married Marjorie Wood . They had one son and one daughter .
645th Bombardment Squadron The 645th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 410th Bombardment Group . It was last stationed at Myrtle Beach Army Airfield , South Carolina , and was inactivated on 7 November 1945 . History . Established as a Third Air Force A - 20 Havoc light bomber Operational Training Unit in mid - 1943 ; Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in mid - 1944 ; assigned to Ninth Air Force in England . Entered combat in May 1944 and helped to prepare for the invasion of Normandy by assaulting coastal defenses , airfields , and V - weapon sites in France , and marshalling yards in France and Belgium . Supported the invasion in June by bombing gun positions and railway choke points . Assisted ground forces at Caen and St Lo in July and at Brest in August and September by attacking bridges , vehicles , fuel and ammunition dumps , and rail lines . Moved to France in Sept , and through mid - December struck defended villages , railroad bridges and overpasses , marshalling yards , military camps , and communications centers to support the Allied assault on the Siegfried Line . Participated in the Battle of the Bulge , December 1944 - January 1945 , by pounding marshalling yards , railheads , bridges , and vehicles in the battle area . Continued to fly support and interdictory missions , aiding the drive across the Rhine and into Germany , February – April 1945 , continuing attacks on enemy forces until the German Capitulation in May 1945 . Most of the squadron was demobilized during the summer of 1945 ; squadron returned to the United States and was assigned to Seymour Johnson Field , then Myrtle Beach Army Airfield , however was minimally manned and equipped . Inactivated in November 1945 .