naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Selected Reserve The Selected Reserve ( also called SELRES , SR , or mistakenly Selective Reserve ) are the members of a U . S . military Ready Reserve unit that are enrolled in the Ready Reserve program and the reserve unit that they are attached to . Selected Reserve members and units are considered to be in an active status . When the term is applied to describing personnel , it is contrasted to the Full - time Reserve Unit Support ( also called Full Time Support or FTS ) members of the same reserve unit who are Active Duty . It is also contrasted to members of the Individual Ready Reserve who are not in active status . Active Status . Selected Reserve members are considered to be in Active status . They are required to complete a specified number of drill periods per year by reporting to their reserve unit and completing the prescribed training . They are also required to complete a two - week period of job - specific training . Selected Reserve members receive pay and benefits and are issued the same DOD Geneva Conventions Identification Card that Active Duty service members receive . When deployed or in Initial Active Duty Training ( IADT ) they are temporarily placed in full Active Duty status for the duration of their deployment or training orders . United States Army Reserve . In the United States Army Reserve , the Selected Reserve ( SR ) is the component of the Reserve most readily available for call - up to active duty . ( The other Reserve components are the Individual Ready Reserve IRR ) and the Retired Reserve . ) The Selected Reserve is composed of Troop Program Units ( TPUs ) , Active Guard and Reserve ( AGR ) Soldiers , and Individual Mobilization Augmentees ( IMAs ) . Selected Reserve soldiers are required to participate in military drills one weekend each month and two weeks of military training each year . In the event of an emergency , all members of the Selected Reserve and up to 30 , 000 members of the IRR can be mobilized .
FV103 Spartan FV103 Spartan is a tracked armoured personnel carrier of the British Army . It was developed as the APC variant of the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance ( Tracked ) family . The vehicle can carry up to 7 personnel , including 3 crew members . Armed with a single machine gun , it is almost indistinguishable from the FV102 Striker in external appearance . Rather than a general personnel carrier for infantry , the Spartan has been used for moving specialist teams , such as anti - aircraft missile teams . An anti - tank variant of the Spartan has been produced , named FV120 Spartan MCT ; this is armed with MILAN anti - tank missiles . Nearly 500 Spartans have served with the British armed forces since entering service in 1978 ; they are now being replaced by newer vehicles . Design and features . The FV103 Spartan was developed during the 1970s as the Armoured Personnel Carrier ( APC ) version of the British Army ' s Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance ( Tracked ) ( CRV ( T ) ) family of armoured fighting vehicles , designed by Alvis plc . The vehicle entered service with the British military in 1978 . The Spartan is similar in appearance to the FV102 Striker , except for the missile launcher on the Striker . The FV103 Spartan is powered by a Bedford 600 6 - cylinder diesel engine , or a Cummins BT 5 . 1 engine . The vehicle is in length and in width . With a ground clearance of , it has a height of . As the APC variant of the CVR ( T ) family , the FV103 has been used by small specialized groups such as mortar fire controller teams , anti aircraft teams and also reconnaissance teams . The vehicle can carry 7 personnel , as a combination of 3 crew members and 4 passengers or 2 crew members and 5 passengers . It is armed with one 7 . 62 mm L37A1 machine gun , and can have four smoke dischargers on each side . In addition to the APC role , it has also been used as a resupply vehicle for the FV102 Striker , carrying extra Swingfire missiles . The FV103 has combat weight of . It can achieve a maximum speed of and has a range of . It is capable of negotiating up to 60 % gradients . Variants and service . An anti - tank variant of the FV103 was produced , named FV120 Spartan MCT ( Spartan with MILAN Compact Turret ) . The FV120 has a two - man turret , and is equipped with 2 MILAN Anti - Tank Light Infantry Missiles in launch positions , while 11 more can be carried internally . It was reported to the House of Commons in 2006 that 478 FV103 vehicles were in service with the armed forces of the United Kingdom in April of that year , with 452 of them in deployable state . By 2007 , 495 FV103 Spartans were in the service of the United Kingdom . However , these were being replaced by mid - 2009 with Panther Command and Liaison Vehicle s . Belgium began using Spartans , along with other CVR ( T ) vehicles , in their cavalry units from 1975 .
Hugh Hornby Hugh Leycester Hornby ( 20 November 1888 - 24 March 1965 ) was an Anglican clergyman . Hornby was born at St . Michael ' s - on - Wyre , near Preston , Lancashire . He was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College , Oxford . He was curate of St . Annes - on - Sea , Lancashire before the First World War , and in 1910 joined up as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 5th Battalion , K . O . R . Lancaster Regiment , T . A . During the war he served as a temporary chaplain to the army , being awarded the Military Cross in France in 1916 and becoming and Honorary Chaplain to the Forces when the war ended . ( Later , in 1951 , he also became an honorary chaplain to the Lancashire Fusiliers . ) Also in 1919 , he succeeded his father as Vicar of St Michael ' s on Wyre , a living he held until 1930 . He later became the living ' s joint - patron with his younger brother Edward Windham Hornby ( succeeding their uncle ) in 1944 . On 4 January 1921 he married Katharine Rebecca May ( 1894 – 1979 ) . Their eldest son ( born during Hugh ' s time as Vicar of St Michael ' s on Wyre ) was Richard Hornby , later a Conservative politician . Their other three children were James William , Robert Hugh and Peter Edward . After his time at St Michael ' s on Wyre , Hugh became Rector and later also Rural Dean of Bury ( 1930 – 1953 and 1934 - 45 respectively ) and later Suffragan Bishop of Hulme ( 1945 – 1953 ) . He also became Proctor in Convocation in the dioceses of Blackburn then ( 1934 – 45 ) Manchester , as well as a member of the Church Assembly ( 1933 – 45 ) , and chairman of the Manchester Diocesan Church Building Committee , the governors of Bury Grammar School ( 1930 – 53 ) , and of the governors of Church Central School , Bury . He retired to Suffolk in 1953 , and died at Dunster .
226th Combat Communications Group The United States Air Force ' s 226th Combat Communications Group is a combat communications unit located at Abston Air National Guard Station in Montgomery , Alabama , USA . The Group is one of two Air National Guard Combat Communications Groups nationwide , which together constitute over 60 % of the U . S . Air Force ' s tactical communications capability . The 226 CCG is one of three major organizations that make up the Alabama Air National Guard . Mission . The mission of the 226th Combat Communications Group is to command , organize , equip , train and administer assigned and attached forces to ensure complete mission readiness in support of emergency USAF requirements , and to provide timely and reliable communications and engineering and installation in support of state emergencies . History . On 22 February 1971 , the Headquarters , 226th Mobile Communications Group was constituted and allotted to the National Guard Bureau . The unit received federal recognition on 29 September 1971 . The group headquarters moved to Abston Air National Guard Station in February 1996 . The 226th gained seven additional squadrons on 1 October 2013 , when the 281st Combat Communications Group was inactivated ( 30 September 2013 ) . Emblem Description and Significance . Blue and yellow are the Air force colors . Blue alludes to the sky , the primary theater of Air force operations . Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel . The red " X " is reminiscent of the Alabama state flag and reflects the unit ’ s home location . The sword surmounting the globe represents the Group ’ s support to the tactical units and their ability to rapidly deploy anywhere in the world . The large star at the pommel of the sword handle stands for the Group ’ s headquarters . The six smaller stars denote the subordinate elements of the Group and the lightning flashes symbolize the electronic connectivity provided between the Group ’ s headquarters and its field units .
The Register of the Victoria Cross The Register of the Victoria Cross is a reference work that provides brief information on every Victoria Cross ever awarded : it provides a summary of the deed , along with a photograph of the awardee and the following details where applicable or available ; rank , unit , other decorations , date of gazette , place / date of birth , place / date of death , memorials , town / county connections , and any remarks . Nora Buzzell compiled and researched The Register for " This England " . The book . The book was written to be a single volume listing all recipients of the award , together with details of birth , place of deed , town or county connections and other relevant information The first edition of the Register was published in 1981 , a year before the Falklands conflict when two more VCs were awarded . The revised and enlarged second edition , published in 1988 , includes brief accounts of the deeds for which the VC was awarded . A third edition was published with amendments and new material in 1997 . This England . This book was commissioned and published by " This England " " to create a definitive and lasting work of reference as a tribute to the bravery of the men themselves . " Since its foundation in 1856 , there have been many claims , particularly among family descendants , that a kinsman had received the Victoria Cross . Until this book was published , those claims have been difficult to prove or deny without access to Ministry of Defence files and other Service lists , resulting in lingering disputes . Details of publication . Third Edition , 352 pages , " This England " , 1997 ( ISBN 0 - 906324 - 27 - 0 ) hardback . Compiled and researched for " This England " by Nora Buzzell .
Ivar Bauck Ivar Bauck ( 1863 – 1937 ) was a Norwegian military officer . He was born in Trondhjem . In 1919 he reached the rank of Major General , and became Chief of the General Staff . From 1930 to 1931 he served as the Commanding General of Norway .
Combined Security Transition Command – Afghanistan The Combined Security Transition Command – Afghanistan ( CSTC - A ) is a multinational military formation . Its primary role is the training and development of Afghan security forces like the Afghan National Army . Its headquarters is at Camp Eggers , Kabul . Under CSTC - A ’ s operational control is Task Force Phoenix , which is responsible for training the Afghan National Army . Lieutenant General Kenneth E . Tovo is the current commanding general . Command Sergeant Major Gabriel Cervantes is the senior non - commissioned officer . The commanding general of CSTC - A is double - hatted as the commander of the NATO Training Mission - Afghanistan . The senior leadership staff included U . S . Army , Canadian , Polish , and British officers . The Canadians are part of the unit under Operation Archer . Major General Robert W . Cone handed over command to Formica on January 15 , 2009 . Formica is the sixth commanding general of CSTC - A , which was established in May 2002 by renaming the U . S . Office of Military Cooperation - Afghanistan . In April 2006 , the Office of Security Cooperation - Afghanistan became CSTC - A , retaining the dual Army / Police mission that had seen OSC - A replace OMC - A earlier . In partnership with the Government of Afghanistan , NATO , and some other non - NATO partners such as Australia and New Zealand , CSTC - A plans , programs and implements reform of the Afghan security forces which consist of the Afghan National Army ( ANA ) and the Afghan National Police ( ANP ) in order to develop a stable Afghanistan , strengthen the rule of law , and deter and defeat terrorism within its borders . CSTC - A is engaged in the development of the Afghan National Army , by assisting in Ministerial development , creation of institutional and intermediate Commands and the training of tactical forces in order to create a professional Army and Air Corps capable of providing security within Afghanistan ' s borders . CSTC - A ' s recent assumption of the United States Government ' s role in reforming the Afghan National Police provides a historic opportunity to help provide stable rule of law in Afghanistan . CSTC - A works with Germany , the lead nation in Afghan Police reform , and other members of the international community to collectively deliver a professional police force that will enhance the security of the Afghan people .
David Wooster King David Wooster King was a student at Harvard University from 1912 – 1914 , and subsequently enlisted in the French Foreign Legion in August 1917 . He later transferred to the French Army in 1915 , then in November 1917 was commissioned as a 1st lieutenant in the United States Army in November 1917 . He was also an author , and wrote a book about his experiences in the Legion and the French Army , " L . M . 8046 : An Intimate Story of the French Foreign Legion " , alternate title : " Ten Thousand Shall Fall " , ( NY : Duffield & Company , 1927 ) .
Champaner Champaner ( ચાંપાનેર شمبنر ; Muhammadabad ) is a historical city in the state of Gujarat , in western India . It is located in Panchmahal district , 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara . The city was briefly the capital of Gujarat . It was founded by Vanraj Chavda , the most prominent king of the Chavda Dynasty , in the 8th century . He named it after the name of his friend and general Champa , also known later as Champaraj . By the later 15th century , the Khichi Chauhan Rajput s held Pavagadh fort above the town of Champaner . The young Sultan of Gujarat , Mahmud Begada , deciding to attack Champaner , started towards it with his army on 4 December 1482 . After defeating the Champaner army , Mahmud captured the town and besieged Pavagadh , the well - known hill - fortress , above Champaner , where king Jayasimha had taken refuge . He captured the Pavagadh fort on 21 November 1484 , after a siege of 20 months . He then spent 23 years rebuilding and embellishing Champaner , which he renamed Muhammadabad , after which he moved the capital there from Ahmedabad . In 1535 , after chasing away Bahadur Shah Humayun personally lead some 300 Mughals to scale the fort on spikes driven into rock and stonework in a remote and unguarded part of the citadel built over a precipitous hillside on Pavagadh Hill . Large heaps of gold , silver and jewels were the war booty even though Bahadur Shah had managed to escape with a lot to Diu Champaner is today the site of the Champaner - Pavagadh Archaeological Park , which UNESCO designated a World Heritage Site in 2004 . Sultan Begada also built a magnificent Jama Masjid in Champaner , which ranks amongst the finest architectural edifices in Gujarat . It is an imposing structure on a high plinth , with a central dome , two minaret s 30 meters in height , 172 pillars , seven mihrab s , and carved entrance gates with fine latticed windows called " jalis " In popular culture . The 2001 award - winning film Lagaan is based in a village in the region of Champaner , during the British Raj , when an Indian Army cantonment was stationed there . Tourism Attractions . Best Places To Visit - See In Champaner 1 . Amir Manzil 2 . Champaner Fort 3 . Citadel Of Mahmud Beghada 4 . Hissar I Khas 5 . Khapra Zaveri Palace 6 . Sikandar Shah S Tomb
Operation Acid Gambit Operation Acid Gambit was a plan to retrieve Kurt Muse , an American civilian living in Panama and widely reported to be a CIA operative from the " Carcel Modelo " , a notorious prison in Panama City . Muse had been arrested in 1989 for setting up covert anti - Noriega radio transmissions in Panama . Political considerations delayed the raid , conducted by 23 Delta Force operators and supported by the Night Stalkers , until the United States invaded Panama to arrest Noriega , in Operation Just Cause on December 20 , 1989 . Delta operators were inserted onto the roof of the prison by MH - 6 Little Bird helicopters . One operator was tasked to abseil down the side of the building , hang outside Muse ' s cell window , and eliminate the guard charged with killing Muse if a rescue was mounted . However , the guard was not there . After breaching the roof - top door with breaching charges , the Delta operators raced down the two flights of stairs towards Muse ' s cell . A Delta operator eliminated the guard who was responsible for killing Muse in case of a rescue . Muse ' s cell door was blown and Delta operators gave Muse body - armour , a ballistic helmet and goggles and moved him to the roof , where they would be exfiltrated by MH - 6 Little Birds back to the US base . Their " Precious Cargo " ( Muse ) was now secure and a Delta operator called in for extraction . During extraction from the prison , the Hughes MH - 6 Little Bird helicopter transporting Muse crashed . Delta Force operators Pat Savidge , James Sudderth , and Kelly Venden were wounded in the crash , while Muse , Delta Force operators Mickey Cantley , John English and the two pilots were uninjured . Everyone aboard the helicopter quickly took cover in a nearby building . The Delta operators managed to signal one of the gunships flying over the area with an infrared strobe light , and shortly thereafter an armored personnel carrier from the 5th Infantry Division extracted Muse and the retrieval team . References . Mickey Cantley , John English are not DELTA operators . One operator missing is Tom Caldwell , wounded in the crash . The last operator missing was the current team leader of A \ 2 \ G . 5 - Operators Wounded ( 4 severely , 1 lightly ) - Pat Savidge , James Sudderth , Kelly Venden , Tom Caldwell and the " The last operator missing was the current team leader of A \ 2 \ G . " was lightly wounded and able to return to duty .
Sadao Munemori Sadao Munemori ( August 17 , 1922 – April 5 , 1945 ) was a United States Army soldier . he was a posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor , after he sacrificed his life to save those of his fellow soldiers at Seravezza , Italy during World War II . Munemori was a private first class in the United States Army , in Company A , 100th Infantry Battalion , 442nd Regimental Combat Team . For his actions , when the 442nd was part of the 92d Infantry Division , he was the only Japanese American to be awarded the Medal of Honor during or immediately after World War II . Early life . Munemori was born in Los Angeles , California to Japan ese immigrant parents . He is a " Nisei " , which means that he is a second generation Japanese American . During World War II , Munemori ' s parents and siblings were incarcerated at the Manzanar concentration camp . Soldier . Two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , he joined the US Army . Munemori volunteered to be part of the all - " Nisei " 100th Infantry Battalion . The battalion was initially listed as a separate battalion , and fought as part of the 133rd Infantry Regiment within the 34th Infantry Division . After the allied capture of Rome , the battalion withdrew from the front and became the 1st battalion of the 442nd Infantry Regiment . This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland . In the late 20th century , the awards issued to soldiers of the 442nd Infantry Regiment were reviewed , and 22 soldiers medals were upgraded to the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private First Class , U . S . Army , Company A , 100th Infantry Battalion , 442d Combat Team . Place and date : Near Seravezza , Italy , 5 April 1945 . Entered service at : Los Angeles , Calif Birth : Los Angeles , Calif . G . O . No . . 24 , 7 March 1946 . " He fought with great gallantry and intrepidity near Seravezza , Italy . When his unit was pinned down by grazing fire from the enemy ' s strong mountain defense and command of the squad devolved on him with the wounding of its regular leader , he made frontal , one - man attacks through direct fire and knocked out two machine guns with grenades . Withdrawing under murderous fire and showers of grenades from other enemy emplacements , he had nearly reached a shell crater occupied by two of his men when an unexploded grenade bounced on his helmet and rolled toward his helpless comrades . He arose into the withering fire , dived for the missile and smothered its blast with his body . By his swift , supremely heroic action Pfc . Munemori saved two of his men at the cost of his own life and did much to clear the path for his company ' s victorious advance . "
Fail - deadly Fail - deadly is a concept in nuclear military strategy that encourages deterrence by guaranteeing an immediate , automatic , and overwhelming response to an attack . The term " fail - deadly " was coined as a contrast to " fail - safe " . Military usage . It is an example of second - strike strategy , in that aggressors are discouraged from attempting a first strike attack . Under fail - deadly nuclear deterrence , policies and procedures controlling the retaliatory strike authorize launch even if the existing command and control structure has already been neutralized by a first strike . The deterrent efficacy of such a system clearly depends on other nuclear - armed nations ' having foreknowledge of it . The Soviet Union used a fail - deadly system known as Dead Hand ( codenamed " Perimeter " ) ; it is not certain if Russia still uses it . A specific example of the implementation of such a strategy would work as follows : Ballistic missile submarine s are ordered to surface at periodic intervals to receive communications indicating that no change has occurred in the defense condition . Should the submarines be unable to receive the proper command and control signals indicating normal , peacetime conditions , their orders would be to launch their nuclear missiles under the assumption that command and control structures had been destroyed in a nuclear attack and that retaliation was therefore necessary . All available means of verification and all due caution would naturally be applied . This approach is obviously exceptionally dangerous for a variety of reasons . The strategy ' s true value is in deterrence against attack on command , control , communications , and computer ( see C4I ) networks by any potential adversary . Fail - deadly is also associated with " massive retaliation " , a deterrence strategy which ensures that the counterstrike will be conducted on a larger scale than the initial attack . A " dead man ' s switch " can be used as a fail - deadly instrument , for instance a switch which must be constantly held to prevent the triggering of an explosive . This would ensure that a suicide bombing is not prevented by killing the person with the bomb .