naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Medan Area The Battle of Medan Area ( Indonesian : " Pertempuran Medan Area " ) is a people ' s resistance against the Allies war that occurred in Medan , North Sumatra ( Indonesia ) during the Indonesian National Revolution . The name of " " Medan " " in Battle of Medan Area can be mean as " " field " " in Indonesian language , that is why Battle of Medan Area sometimes is also called as the Battlefield Area satirically . Background . On 27 August 1945 the people of Medan just heard the proclamation of the new field that was brought by Teuku Mohammad Hassan as the Governor of Sumatra in Sukarno ' s Presidential Cabinet . Responding to news of the proclamation , the youths under the leadership of Ahmad Tahir formed the Pemuda Indonesia ( " Indonesia ' s Youth " ) . Allies landed in Medan on 9 October 1945 under the leadership of T . E . D Kelly . The landing of the Allied Forces ( British India and AFNEI ) was followed by NICA . The Netherlands was prepared to take over the government . The arrival of allied forces and NICA turns fishing incidents . On 13 October 1945 the Pemuda and TKR fought against the Allies and NICA in an effort to seize and take over government buildings from the Japanese . The British issued an ultimatum to the Indonesian people to hand over weapons to the Allies . This ultimatum was ignored by Indonesian people . Battle . On 1 December 1945 , the Allies installed boards inscribed " " Fixed Field Area Boundaries " " ( the legal limit field region ) in various outskirts of the city of Medan . Allies action was a challenge for the Pemuda . On 10 December 1945 , the Allies and NICA launched a massive attack against the city of Medan . The attack caused many casualties on both sides . In April 1946 , the Allies succeeded in occupying the city of Medan . Central struggle of the people of Medan and then transferred to Pemantangsiantar . To continue the struggle in Medan , Indonesia ' s local government established the People ' s Army Commando Regiment of Medan Area . Commander initerus conducted to attacks against Allies in Medan territory . Almost the entire of Sumatra territory occurred in people ' s resistance against the Japanese , the Allies , and the Netherlands . The Sumatra battle front was occurred in Padang , Bukittinggi , and Aceh .
25th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 25th Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 25th Michigan Infantry was mustered into Federal service at Kalamazoo , Michigan on August 22 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out of service on June 24 , 1865 at Salisbury , NC . Benjamin Orcutt from Kalamazoo , MI was the Lt . Colonel of the Regiment for the duration of service . Major Dewitt C . Fitch of Mattawan , Surgeon was Bolivar Barnum of Schoolcraft . First Assistant Surgeon was Francis Oakley of York . Second Assistant Surgeon John N . Greggs of Schoolcraft . Adjutant Charles H . brown of Kalamazoo . Quartermaster was John M . Ridlon , Paw Paw . Chaplin was Albert L . Payson of Schoolcraft . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 1 officer and 34 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 2 officers and 141 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 178 fatalities .
Jules Marie Alphonse Jacques de Dixmude Jules Marie Alphonse Jacques de Dixmude ( 1858 , Stavelot – 1928 ) was a Belgian general and colonist . Military career . Later , on the Belgian soil , he commanded the 3rd Belgian army division from 5 February 1917 to 4 October 1919 . His troops prevented Diksmuide falling into the hands of the German army . This military achievements led to his elevation to Baron of Dixmude in 1919 . Congo Free State . He founded Albertville in Congo in 1894 . His role in the Congo Free State was questioned in the . Commemoration . " General Jacques " is commemorated by several statues and monuments around Belgium , including the " Boulevard Général Jacques " in Brussels as well as others in Nivelles , Chaudfontaine and Verviers and numerous statues .
List of Union South Carolina Civil War units The following is a list of Union Army regiments raised in South Carolina during the American Civil War . Only African - American units were raised in the state . Four complete regiments were organized and mustered into service ; Union authorities planned to raise a fifth regiment but instead transferred the recruits to the other regiments .
David Hayes Agnew David Hayes Agnew ( November 24 , 1818 – March 22 , 1892 ) was an American . Biography . He was born on November 24 , 1818 in Lancaster County , Pennsylvania . He graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1838 , and a few years later set up in practice at Philadelphia and became a lecturer at the Philadelphia School of Anatomy . He married Margaret Irwin in 1841 . He also helped found the Irwin & Agnew Iron Foundry in 1846 . In 1852 , he bought and revived the Philadelphia School of Anatomy , where he continued to work through 1862 . He was appointed surgeon at the Philadelphia Hospital in 1854 and was the founder of its pathological museum . For 26 years ( 1863 – 1889 ) he was connected with the medical faculty of the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania , being elected professor of operative surgery in 1870 and professor of the principles and practice of surgery in the following year . From 1865 to 1884 — except for a brief interval — he was a surgeon at the Pennsylvania Hospital . In 1889 he became the subject of the largest painting ever made by the Philadelphia artist Thomas Eakins , called " The Agnew Clinic " , in which he is shown conducting a mastectomy operation before a gallery of students and doctors . The artist can also be found to the right of the painting . During the American Civil War he was consulting surgeon in the Mower Army Hospital , near Philadelphia , and acquired considerable reputation for his operations in cases of gunshot wounds . He attended as operating surgeon when President Garfield was fatally wounded by the bullet of an assassin in 1881 . He was the author of several works , the most important being " The Principles and Practice of Surgery " ( 1878 – 1883 ) . He died at Philadelphia on March 22 , 1892 , and is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery .
USS Hopkins ( SP - 3294 ) The second USS " Hopkins " ( SP - 3294 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1920 . " Hopkins " was launched as a commercial fishing boat of the same name in 1917 by the Hahnes Company at Portsmouth , Virginia , and completed the same year . The 5th Naval District inspected her at Norfolk , Virginia , on 20 August 1918 for possible naval service , and on 1 September 1918 the U . S . Navy purchased her from the Hopkins Fish and Oyster Company of Norfolk for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned on 3 October 1918 as USS " Hopkins " ( SP - 3294 ) . Assigned to the 5th Naval District , " Hopkins " performed harbor patrol and other harbor duties at Norfolk . " Hopkins " was transferred to the United States Department of War on 4 March 1920 .
USS Devastator ( AM - 318 ) USS " Devastator " ( AM - 318 ) was an " Auk " - class minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing naval mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . Construction history . " Devastator " was launched 19 April 1943 by General Engineering and Dry Dock Co . , Alameda , California ; sponsored by Mrs . D . A . Shaw ; and commissioned 12 January 1944 , Lieutenant Commander R . C . Gloss , USNR , in command . World War II service . " Devastator " – the first ship in the U . S . Navy to bear that name — was an auxiliary ship of the United States Navy . She served as an escort vessel during the latter half of the Second World War , and later saw service in the Korean War . " Devastator " arrived at Pearl Harbor 30 March 1944 as escort for a convoy . The next day she began convoy escort duty in Majuro and Kwajalein , which continued until 30 July . During 3 to 17 August she swept off French Frigate Shoals , and after one voyage to Eniwetok from 4 to 25 September , served at Pearl Harbor on training duty for the remainder of the year . Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations . " Devastator " sailed from Pearl Harbor 27 January 1945 as escort for transports bound for the Battle of Iwo Jima . She participated in preinvasion minesweeping for 3 days before the invasion landings of 19 February , then escorted damaged vessels to Saipan , returning to Iwo Jima 1 March to patrol off the island until 7 March . On 19 March 1945 " Devastator " got underway from Ulithi for preinvasion minesweeping at Okinawa . She patrolled during and after the invasion and in the heavy suicide attack s of 6 April downed a Japanese plane about off her port quarter . On 4 July she cleared Okinawa for minesweeping operations in conjunction with the U . S . 3rd Fleet raids on the Japanese mainland . She sailed from Okinawa 15 July for Seattle , Washington arriving 12 August for overhaul . " Devastator " remained on the U . S . West Coast for operations except for two extended periods at Pearl Harbor for experiments in hull design development . She was placed out of commission 30 January 1947 . Korean War - related service . Recommissioned 26 February 1952 " Devastator " served in the Far East from 8 July 1952 to 5 February 1953 and again from 5 October 1953 to 2 June 1954 carrying out dangerous sweeps in Korean waters . She then operated on the U . S . west coast until again placed out of commission in reserve 15 April 1955 . She was reclassified MSF - 318 , 7 February 1955 . Decommissioning and disposal . " Devastator " was decommissioned 15 April 1955 . She was sold to Mexico in 1973 . Awards and honors . " Devastator " received three battle stars for World War II service and two battle stars for Korean War service . Mexican Navy service . The former " Devastator " was sold to the Mexican Navy in 1973 and renamed ARM " Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada " ( C74 ) . Her pennant number was later changed to G06 , and again changed in 1993 to P105 . " Sabastian Lerdo de Tejada " has been retired from service by 2004 .
Casa Grande - class dock landing ship The " Casa Grande " class was a class of dock landing ship s used by the Royal Navy and the United States Navy during the Second World War . Nineteen ships were planned , but two , and were cancelled before being completed . Design . The ' Landing Ship Dock ' or LSD developed from a British staff requirement for a type of self - propelled drydock to transport beaching craft over long distances , that would in turn deliver trucks and supplies onto the beach . A flooding deck aft capable of holding either two of the larger British Landing craft tank s ( LCTs ) or three of the new US LCTs was included in the designs . With the option of fitting extra decks , large numbers of vehicles could be transported , and loaded into landing craft via ramps . Despite an initial specification for a speed of , the LSDs were capable of only . Service . The British initially ordered seven of the class from US dockyards , numbered LSD - 9 to 15 . Only four were delivered , numbers 9 to 12 , while 13 to 15 were retained by the US Navy , which ordered another twelve to the design , but only built ten . In total thirteen of the ships served with the US Navy , while four ships served with the Royal Navy . Ships . Spanish Navy . Spanish ship " Galicia " ( L - 31 ) , ex - USS " San Marcos " ( LSD - 25 ) Greek Navy . Greek ship " Okeanos " ( ex - ) French Navy . French ship " Foudre " ( ex - , ex - Greek ship " Okeanos " )
Henry A . McMasters Henry A . McMasters ( 1848 – November 11 , 1872 ) was a United States Army Corporal during the Indian Wars who received the Medal of Honor on November 19 , 1872 , for service at Red River , Texas on September 29 , 1872 . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Gallantry in action .
Battle of Cremona The Battle of Cremona was a battle of the War of the Spanish Succession that took place on 1 February 1702 between France and Austria . Five months after repulsing the French at the Battle of Chieri ( Chiari ) in Lombardy , Prince Eugene of Savoy retook the offensive , moving westward with the Austrian army of Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor to Cremona on the Po . On 1 February 1702 , Eugene conducted a night attack that caught the French garrison , under Marshal François de Neufville , Duc de Velleroi , completely by surprise . The plan was an infiltration in a commando - style attack under Eugene of Savoy himself , and a larger force under Charles Thomas de Lorraine - Vaudemont , who would take the Po gate . Eugene of Savoy stormed the city , capturing the Duc de Villeroi . The wits of the army made at his expense the famous rhyme : " " Par la faveur de Bellone , " " et par un bonheur sans égal , " " Nous avons conservé Crémone " " - - et perdu notre général . " " " " By the favour of Bellone , - - and lost our general . " The Austrians also captured other high - ranking French officers . and 1 , 000 French soldiers were killed in the attack , many of them in their sleep . However the plan didn ' t succeed completely as the force under Vaudemont was held up by the difficult terrain and arrived later than planned . They were too late to surprise the citadel of Cremona , and an important bridge was blown up by the defenders . Then the citadel held out , thanks to the valiant defence of the Po gate by the Irish Brigade . A relieving French army approached Cremona , and Eugene was forced to withdraw . Villeroi was succeeded by Vendôme . Bibliography . Eggenberger , David . " A Dictionary of Battles " ( New York : Thomas Y . Crowell , 1967 ) , p . 110
Establishment ( Pakistan ) The Establishment in Pakistan refers to its cooperative federations of the powerful military - dominant oligarchy , and the consolidated intelligence community . This group of individuals , while not exclusively military , are considered key and elite decision makers in major public policy decisions ranging from national security to the defence policy and the use of intelligence agencies in Pakistan . Former President Ghulam Ishaq Khan President of Pakistan , Qudrat Ullah Shahab , Roedad Khan and Ijlal Haider Zaidi Defence Secretary of Pakistan are regarded to be the most influential figures and representatives of the Establishment of Pakistan . Since the 1988 , at time when the Benazir Bhutto ' s government was in office , the Establishment gravitated the conservatism and nationalistic policies , in its political – intelligence spectrum , which were led under Nawaz Sharif . Since Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto appointed General Abdul Waheed Kakar as the Chief of Army Staff , the support for democracy and civil liberties roughly depended on the attitudes of the Chief of Army Staff . General Kakar ' s appointment was highly crucial for Benazir Bhutto who gave the civil liberties to the people of Pakistan . However , during the 1980s , the Establishment under General Zia - ul - Haq whose idea of religious conservatism was the primary line of his military government , opposed any idea of " Freedom of Speech " and media independence as the suppression of media was continued during this period . In 2002 , the military government of General Pervez Musharraf who as part of his " Enlightened Moderation " , passed laws giving the news media more freedom . Defence expert Brian Cloughley says : " All Pakistan ' s military coups have been bloodless , successful and popular – but popular only for a while . The trouble is that military people are usually quite good at running large organisations , even civilian secretariat , but generally fail to understand politics and the government , and the give - and - take so necessary in that esoteric world . " At times when civilian leaders are ineffectual or accused of making secret deals with the west , public support for the establishment increases . On the other hand at the same time when military leaders are ineffectual and the chiefs of armed forces are accused of being weak on foreign policy support for civilian rule increases .
Tohir Yo ‘ ldosh Tohir Abduhalilovich Yuldashev ( Russian : Тахир Абдухалилович Юлдашев " Takhir Abdukhalilovich Yuldashev " ) , ( October 2 , 1967 – August 27 , 2009 ) cofounded the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan ( IMU ) , an Islamist organization active in Central Asia , with Juma Namangani in December 1991 . According to the Defense Intelligence Agency he was a key leader opposing US forces during Operation Anaconda . The United Nations considers the IMU an Islamic terrorist organization . When anti - Taliban forces killed Namangani , the IMU ' s military leader and cofounder , in Afghanistan in 2001 , Yuldashev took over the IMU ' s day - to - day operations as well . According to the " BBC " , Yuldashev learned that al Qaeda was planning to use hijacked airliners to attack the United States on September 11 , 2001 , prior to the attacks . The " BBC " reported that Yuldashev then informed the Taliban Foreign Minister , Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil , who sent an envoy to warn the USA of al Qaeda ' s attack plans prior to September 11 , 2001 . According to the " BBC " Yuldashev was told to initiate an advance warning to the USA of the attacks because he was concerned that an al Qaeda attack on the USA would trigger an American counter - attack , which would imperil the safe haven his group had been enjoying in Afghanistan . A video message from Tohir Yuldashev was reportedly distributed throughout the Uzbek areas of Central Asia in early 2007 . In the video Tohir was reported to have said : After Baitullah Mehsud was reported to have been killed by missiles fired from an American Predator drone the " Asia Times " reported that Yuldashev had been Baitullah ' s ideological mentor , that Yuldashev had put 2 , 500 hardened fighters at his disposal , and that Baitullah lived with the Uzbek , who became his biggest ideological inspiration . On September 30 , 2009 , a man , who claimed to be Yuldashev ' s bodyguard , reported to the Pakistan newspaper " The News International " that Yuldashev was killed in a US Predator drone airstrike shortly after Mehsud ' s death . US and Pakistan officials afterwards confirmed Yuldashev was killed in an airstrike on August 27 , 2009 . Yuldashev reportedly lost a leg and arm in the drone missile strike on August 27 , 2009 and was rushed to a hospital in Zhob in Baluchistan , but died the next day . His death was formally announced by the IMU on August 16 , 2010 .
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel ( ) ( 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956 ) was a French mathematician and politician . As a mathematician , he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability . Early life . Borel was born in Saint - Affrique , Aveyron , the son of a Protestant pastor . He studied at the Collège Sainte - Barbe and Lycée Louis - le - Grand before applying to both the École normale supérieure and the École Polytechnique . Although he qualified for both , he chose to attend the latter institution in 1889 . That year he won the concours général , an annual national mathematics competition . After graduating in 1892 , he placed first in the agrégation , a competitive civil service examination leading to the position of professeur agrégé . His thesis , published in 1893 , was titled " Sur quelques points de la theory des functions " ( " On some points in the theory of functions " ) . That year , Borel started a four - year stint as a lecturer at the University of Lille , during which time he published 22 research papers . He returned to the École normale in 1897 , and was appointed to the chair of theory of function , which he held until 1941 . In 1901 , Borel married 17 - year - old Marguerite , the daughter of colleague Paul Émile Appel ; she later wrote more than 30 novels under the pseudonym Camille Marbo . Félix Borel died in Paris on 3 February 1956 . Work . Along with René - Louis Baire and Henri Lebesgue , Émile Borel was among the pioneers of measure theory and its application to probability theory . The concept of a Borel set is named in his honor . One of his books on probability introduced the amusing thought experiment that entered popular culture under the name infinite monkey theorem or the like . He also published a series of papers ( 1921 – 27 ) that first defined games of strategy . In 1913 and 1914 he bridged the gap between hyperbolic geometry and special relativity with expository work . Political career . In the 1920s , 1930s , and 1940s he was active in politics . In 1922 he founded ISUP , the oldest French school for Statistics . From 1924 to 1936 , he was a member of the French National Assembly . In 1925 , he was Minister of Marine in the cabinet of fellow mathematician Paul Painlevé . During the Second World War he was a member of the French Resistance . Honors . Besides the " Centre Émile Borel " at the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris and a crater on the Moon , the following mathematical notions are named after him : Borel also described a poker model which he coins " La Relance " in his 1938 book " Applications de la théorie des probabilités aux Jeux de Hasard " . Borel was awarded the Resistance Medal in 1950 .
Uisko - class landing craft The Uisko class , also known as the Marine Alutech Watercat M11 landing craft is a type of vessel in use by the Finnish Navy . It is the predecessor of the Jurmo class landing craft . Uisko was the first water jet vessel of the Finnish Navy . It features excellent maneuverability and low draft suitable for shallow waters . It can be used for amphibious assault and transport of marine infantry . The uisko has a cargo capacity of 2 . 5 tons .
Fajr - 3 The Fajr - 3 Artillery Rocket ( ) is an Iranian multiple - launch artillery rocket , a third - generation Katyusha rocket . " Fajr " means ' dawn ' in Arabic . The 5 . 2 - meter long , 240 millimeter - calibre Fajr - 3 artillery rocket has an estimated range of 45 kilometres or 25 – 30 miles , weighs 407 kilograms , and carries a 45 - kilogram warhead . History . Production started on March 1990 by Shahid Bagheri Industries with possible North Korean assistance when Iranian Defense Minister Akbar Torkan announced that mass production of the Fajr - 3 was taking place . Mass production was completed with the few first Fajr - 3s made on November 6 , 1996 . Features . Fajr - 3 has the same caliber , range and warhead weight as three known North Korean systems . The 333 - millimeter Fajr - 5 rocket has a range of about 75 – 80 kilometres . Some media has reported that Iran has tested a medium range ballistic missile called Fajr - 3 , but these may have been mistaken references to the Kosar missile . Its launcher has 12 tubes . Employment . The rockets are used by Iranian Army as a regular artillery . They may also have been supplied to the Hezbollah militia in Lebanon under the name Khaibar - 1 , They may therefore have been used on a number of occasions in the 2006 Lebanon War .
Vicekorpral Vicekorpral ( Vicekonstapel in the artillery ) is a Swedish rank above Menig and below Korpral that existed until 1972 as a trainee rank for conscripts who were undertaking training to become deputy squad leaders or squad leaders . The rank was reintroduced 2009 to denote soldiers at OR - 3 level .