naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Ryan YQM - 98 The Ryan YQM - 98 R - Tern ( also called Compass Cope R was a developmental reconnaissance drone developed by Ryan Aeronautical . It could take off and land from a runway like a manned aircraft , and operate at high altitudes for up to 24 hours to perform surveillance , communications relay , or atmospheric sampling . Design and development . Compass Cope was a program initiated by the United States Air Force in 1971 to develop an upgraded reconnaissance drone that could take off and land from a runway like a manned aircraft , and operate at high altitudes for up to 24 hours to perform surveillance , communications relay , or atmospheric sampling . Two aircraft , the Boeing YQM - 94 Compass Cope B , and the Ryan Aeronautical YQM - 98A Compass Cope R participated in the program . Boeing was originally selected as a sole source for the Compass Cope program , with the USAF awarding the company a contract for two YQM - 94A ( later YGQM - 94A ) demonstrator vehicles . However , Ryan then pitched the Model 235 as an alternative , and the next year , 1972 , the Air Force agreeably awarded Ryan a contract for two YQM - 98A ( later YGQM - 98A ) demonstrators as well . Ryan ' s entry into the competition was the " Model 235 " , an updated variant of the Model 154 / AQM - 91 Firefly . The YQM - 98A ' s general configuration was similar to that of the Boeing Compass Cope B , resembling a jet sailplane with a twin - fin tail , retractable tricycle landing gear , and an engine in a pod on its back . The engine was a Garrett YF104 - GA - 100 turbofan , with 4 , 050 pound - force ( 18 . 0 kN ) thrust . The Compass Cope R had a clear resemblance to the Model 154 , though its wings were straight instead of swept . Initial flight of the first Compass Cope R demonstrator was on 17 August 1974 . However , the Boeing Compass Cope B won the competition in August 1976 on the basis of lower cost , with the company awarded a contract to build pre - production prototypes of the " YQM - 94B " operational UAV . Since the evaluation of the Compass Cope prototypes had shown the YQM - 98A to be superior to the YQM - 94A in some respects , Ryan challenged the award . It did them no good , since the entire Compass Cope program was cancelled in July 1977 , apparently because of difficulties in developing the sensor payloads for the aircraft .
Type 63 multiple rocket launcher The Type 63 multiple rocket launcher is a towed , 12 - tube , 107mm rocket launcher produced by the People ' s Republic of China in the early 1960s and later exported and manufactured globally . Although no longer serving with active infantry units , the Type 63 is still in People ' s Liberation Army service with specialized formations such as mountain infantry units and special forces detachments . The Type 63 was widely used in the PLA until the late 1980s . It was adopted as the successor of the Type 50 - 5 of 102mm . China has also developed a Type 63 multiple rocket launcher of 130mm . The BM - 14 is a Soviet 140mm MRL of similar design to the Type 63 . Description . The launcher ' s 12 tubes are arranged in three removable rows of four each , mounted on a single - axle carriage with rubber tires . The Type 63 originally fired a 18 . 8 kilogram rocket ( Type 63 - 2 ) with a 1 . 3 kilogram warhead . Ammunition for the Type 63 was later improved ( Type 75 and Type 81 series ) , although the overall weight of the rocket remained the same . A fixed amount of propellant is contained in the rocket motor . The steel - cased rocket is stabilized with spin imparted by six angled nozzles in its base . Type 63 rockets may be launched without the launcher ; improvised firing can employ tubing , rails or even dirt berms . The Type 63 was distributed on the basis of six per infantry regiment , or 18 per infantry division . For airborne and mountain units the lighter Type 63 - I was developed . Both the Type 63 and its copies can be mounted on different kinds of armoured and unarmoured vehicles , for example the MT - LB , the HMMWV , the Mamba , the RG - 32 Scout , the GAZ - 66 and the M113 . Licence versions . The Type 63 and its rockets are license - built in several countries including : BM - 12 nomenclature issue . NATO and western sources have used the Soviet - style designation " BM - 12 " to describe this weapon system , and further even ascribe Soviet origin and initial manufacture of both launcher and rockets . However , there is no evidence in non - western sources of Soviet development or production , or of the BM - 12 moniker being applied . Very similar Type 488 or Type 50 - 5 102mm rockets were manufactured in China and used in the Korean War prior to development of the Type 63 . It appears the systems designated BM - 12 ( for example in Afghanistan and Libya ) were or are all of Chinese origin , being merely used or cross - traded by Soviet interests . Variants . Single - tube rocket launchers . A number of countries have developed single - tube , man - portable rocket launchers that fire the same type of rockets : Operators . The Type 63 has been exported to many countries including :
Gotha G . V The Gotha G . V was a heavy bomber used by the " Luftstreitkräfte " ( Imperial German Air Service ) during World War I . Designed for long - range service , the G V series was used principally as night bombers . Development . Operational use of the G . IV demonstrated that the incorporation of the fuel tanks into the engine nacelles was a mistake . In a crash landing the tanks could rupture and spill fuel onto the hot engines . This posed a serious problem because landing accidents caused 75 % of operational losses . In response Gothaer produced the G . V , which housed its fuel tanks inside the fuselage . The smaller engine nacelles were mounted on struts above the lower wing . The Gotha G . V pilot seat was offset to port with the fuel tanks immediately behind . This blocked the connecting walkway that previously on earlier machines allowed crew members to move between the three gun stations . All bombs were carried externally in this model . The Gotha included an important innovation in the form of a " gun tunnel " whereby the underside of the rear fuselage was arched , early versions allowing placement of a rearward - facing machine gun protecting from attack from below , removing the blind spot . Later versions expanded the tunnel to remove the lower gun , providing a slot in the upper fuselage that allowed the rear gunner to remain stationary . The base variant of G . V offered no performance improvement over the G . IV . The G . V was up to 450 kg ( 990 lb ) heavier than the G . IV due to additional equipment and the use of insufficiently seasoned timber . The Mercedes D . IVa engines could not produce the rated 190 kW ( 260 hp ) due to inferior quality of fuel . Operational history . The G . V entered service in August 1917 . For the performance reasons aforementioned , it generally could not operate at altitudes as high as the G . IV . Variants . G . Va . In February 1918 , Gothaer tested a compound tail unit with biplane horizontal stabilizer s and twin rudders . The new tail unit , known as the " Kastensteuerung " , improved the aircraft ' s marginal directional control on one engine . The resulting G . Va subvariant incorporated the new tail as well as a slightly shorter forward fuselage with an auxiliary nose landing gear . All 25 G . Va aircraft were delivered to " Bogohl " 3 , the new designation for the former " Kagohl " 3 . G . Vb . Carried an increased payload comparing to the earlier G . Va , and operated at a maximum takeoff weight of 4 , 550 kg ( 10 , 030 lb ) . To reduce the danger of flipping over during landing , Gothaer introduced the " Stossfahrgestell " ( " shock landing gear " ) , a tandem two - bogie main landing gear . The " Stossfahrgestell " proved so good that it was fitted to all G . V ' s in " Bogohl " 3 . Some G . Vb aircraft also had Flettner servo tab s on the ailerons to reduce control forces . " Idflieg " ordered 80 G . Vb aircraft , the first being delivered to " Bogohl " 3 in June 1918 . By the Armistice , all 80 aircraft were built but the last batch did not reach the front and was delivered direct to the Allied special commission .
USS L - 7 ( SS - 46 ) USS " L - 7 " ( SS - 46 ) was an " L " - class submarine of the United States Navy . Her keel was laid down on 2 June 1914 by Craig Shipbuilding Company in Long Beach , California . The L - boats designed by Lake Torpedo Boat ( " L - 5 " through " L - 8 " ) were built to slightly different specifications from the other L - boats , which were designed by Electric Boat , and are sometimes considered a separate " L - 5 " class . " L - 7 " was launched on 28 September 1916 sponsored by Mrs . William B . Forgarty , and commissioned on 7 December 1917 with Lieutenant P . M . Bates in command . Service history . After shakedown , " L - 7 " departed the West Coast on 20 April 1918 , arriving Charleston , South Carolina , on 10 June . Patrolling off Charleston until 15 October , the submarine finally steamed for the waters of Europe to battle the U - boat s . Arriving Ponta Delgada , Azores , early in November , she joined Submarine Division 6 for anti - submarine warfare operations . However , the Armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918 ended World War I , and " L - 7 " sailed for home on 19 November . Following stops at Caribbean Sea and Central American ports , the submarine arrived San Pedro , California , on 14 February 1919 , completing one of the best long distance seagoing performances of America ' s youthful submarine force . From 1919 to 1922 , she remained on the West Coast , experimenting with new torpedo es and undersea detection equipment . After a period of commission in ordinary early in 1922 , " L - 7 " was returned to full commission on 1 July and sailed for Hampton Roads , Virginia , the same month . She decommissioned there on 15 November 1922 and was sold on 21 December 1925 to M . Samuel and Sons for scrapping .
Bombing of Enkhuizen The bombing of the Dutch port of Enkhuizen was carried out on 15 March 1945 by RAF planes . Motive . The reason for the attack was , according to British reports , the presence of 12 Wasserschutzpolizei boats which were moored in the port . These small boats had been stationed by the Germans to prevent Dutch residents from escaping to the liberated other side of IJsselmeer . There were also fears that the small boats could be used for a German attack on the liberated east of the Netherlands . The bombardment . At approximately 15 : 30 in the afternoon of Sunday , March 15 , the bombardment started with an attack by four Spitfire s on the small German boats . The planes flew low over Enkhuizen from the west . Though the bombs covered much of the area the boats in the dry dock were missed . The four Spitfires turned around above the IJsselmeer and returned for another attack , which was also unsuccessful . One of the British planes was hit during the attack and it came down near Katwoude . Here the pilot was rescued by the Dutch resistance , and taken into hiding for the remainder of the war . During the two minutes the bombardment lasted , the aircraft dropped 1 . 7 tons of bombs on the port of Enkhuizen . Damage . The Drommedaris bridge collapsed , and some buildings around the port , especially the timmerwerkplaats , sustained heavy damage . 23 people were killed or wounded .
James C . Veatch James Clifford Veatch ( December 19 , 1819 – December 22 , 1895 ) was a lawyer who served as an Indiana state legislator and county auditor . He later served as a Union general during the American Civil War , fighting primarily in the Western Theater . He rose to command of a division of infantry and fought in several important battles . Early life and career . Veatch was born near Elizabeth , Indiana , in 1819 . His father Isaac Veatch was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1827 - 28 . He died of cholera in July 1833 . James Veatch was educated in common schools and under private tutors . He studied law and was admitted to the bar , establishing a private practice in Elizabethtown . He practiced for many years , and was the auditor of Spencer County , Indiana , from 1841 until 1855 . He was serving as a state legislator when the Civil War began . Civil War service . Veatch volunteered for service in the Union army and was appointed colonel of the 25th Regiment Indiana Infantry . He led the regiment at the battle of Fort Donelson and then took command of the 2nd Brigade in Stephen A . Hurlbut ' s division at the battle of Shiloh . Major John W . Foster noted that " Colonel Veatch acted with great courage . He was always with his brigade in the thickest of the fight . " On April 28 , 1862 , Veatch was appointed brigadier general of volunteers . He was still in command of his brigade during the siege of Corinth and the battle of Hatchie ' s Bridge where he was wounded . For the next year General Veatch commanded the District of Memphis . Veatch led the 4th Division of the XVI Corps during the Meridian Expedition . His division joined William T . Sherman ' s forces for the Atlanta Campaign and fought at the battles of Resaca , Dallas and Kennesaw Mountain . He went on sick leave on July 17 , 1864 , just prior to the Battle of Atlanta . When Veatch returned to active duty his former commander , Oliver O . Howard , instructed him to wait in Memphis for orders . He briefly commanded the District of West Tennessee before being assigned to the Department of the Gulf . There he assumed command of the 1st Division in Gordon Granger ' s XIII Corps and participated in the Battle of Fort Blakely . He was brevetted to major general of volunteers in March 1865 and resigned from the army in August of that year . Postbellum career . After the war , Veatch became the adjutant general of Indiana in 1869 , and was active in local veterans and fraternal organizations , including the Grand Army of the Republic and the Freemasons . He was the collector of internal revenue taxes from April 1870 until August 1883 . James C . Veatch died December 22 , 1895 , in Rockport , Indiana and was buried at Sunset Hill Cemetery .
Ispah Rebellion The Ispah Rebellion ( Chinese : 亦思巴奚兵乱 ; Pinyin : " Yìsībāxī Bīngluàn " ) was a series of civil wars in Fujian , China ( then the Great Yuan Empire ) occurring in the middle of 14th century . The term Ispah might derive from the Persian word " سپاه " ( " sepâh " ) meaning " army " or " Sepoy " . Thus , the rebellion is also known as the Persian Sepoy Rebellion ( 波斯戍兵之乱 ; " Bōsī Shùbīng zhī Luàn " ) in Chinese documents . Under Mongolian rule , the number of Arabic and Persian Muslims residing in the Chinese seaport city Quanzhou was greatly boosted . In 1357 , an army of predominantly Muslims led by two Quanzhou Persians , Saif ad - Din ( 赛甫丁 ) and Amir ad - Din ( 阿迷里丁 ) , revolted against the Mongol Yuan Dynasty . In defiance of Imperial forces , the army seized hold of Quanzhou , Xinghua ( today Putian ) and even overreached themselves to the provincial capital Fuzhou . In 1362 , the Ispah army collapsed into internal conflict and was eventually crushed in 1366 by the Yuan commander Chen Youding ( 陈友定 ) .
Declaration of war by the United Kingdom A declaration of war is a formal declaration issued by a national government indicating that a state of war exists between that nation and another . In the United Kingdom , only the Monarch has the power to declare war and peace , under the Royal Prerogative . There has been a long - running debate regarding whether Parliament alone should have this power . This was attempted ( to the limited extent of possible war against Iraq ) in 1999 with the introduction of the Military Action Against Iraq ( Parliamentary Approval ) Bill . However Queen Elizabeth II , acting upon the advice of her Government at the time , refused to grant her consent to allow the Bill to be debated in Parliament and so it was dropped ( Queen ' s Consent was needed before debate could take place because the Bill affected the Royal prerogative ) . The Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 originally included a section that would have required Parliamentary approval for use of the armed forces , but this was dropped from the bill before Royal Assent . Formal declarations of war by the United Kingdom . The following table refers to declarations of war since the original Act of Union in 1707 .
José Vicente de Freitas José Vicente de Freitas , 2nd Baron of Freitas ( ; 22 January 1869 – 6 September 1952 ) was a Portuguese military officer and politician . Freitas was born in Calheta , Madeira . He fought in Flanders during Portuguese participation in World War I , and was awarded the Grand - Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword , the highest Portuguese decoration . He was a colonel when the 28 May 1926 movement took place . He supported the " Ditadura Nacional " and was Instruction Minister from 1927 to 1929 . He served as Prime Minister ( President of the Council of Ministers ) , from 18 April 1928 until 8 July 1929 , shortly after being promoted to general . He died at Lisbon .
Republic of the Congo Civil War The Republic of the Congo Civil War , lasting from June 1997 to December 1999 , was fought between partisans of two presidential candidates , which ended in an invasion of Angolan forces and installation of Denis Sassou Nguesso to power . In Congo it is commonly known as the War of 5 June ( " Guerre du 5 juin " ) . Congo ' s democratic progress was derailed in 1997 . As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached , tensions mounted between the supporters of President Pascal Lissouba and former President Col . Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Congolese Labor Party ( PCT ) . Sassou had ruled the country from 1979 to 1992 , when the country was a Marxist - Leninist single - party state . When on June 5 , President Lissouba ' s government forces surrounded Sassou ' s compound in Brazzaville , Sassou ordered his militia to resist . Thus began a 4 - month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of the capital . In early October 1997 , Angolan troops invaded Congo on the side of Sassou . Most of Brazzaville fell to rebel and Angolan forces on October 14 , 1997 , and Lissouba fled ; within two days the capital was under the control of forces loyal to Sassou Nguesso and Pointe - Noire fell with little resistance . Soon thereafter , Sassou declared himself President and named a 33 - member government . Alongside the political conflict between Lissouba and Sassou Nguesso , oil was considered a crucial factor in the war , and with French interests at stake , France was seen as backing Sassou Nguesso against Lissouba . In January 1998 , the Sassou regime held a National Forum for Reconciliation to determine the nature and duration of the transition period . The Forum , tightly controlled by the government , decided elections should be held in about 3 years , elected a transition advisory legislature , and announced that a constitutional convention would finalize a draft constitution . However , the eruption in late 1998 of fighting between Sassou ' s government forces and an armed opposition disrupted the transitional return to democracy . This new violence also closed the economically vital Brazzaville – Pointe - Noire railroad ; caused great destruction and loss of life in southern Brazzaville and in the Pool , Bouenza , and Niari region s ; and displaced hundreds of thousands of persons . However , in November and December 1999 , the government signed agreements with representatives of many , though not all , of the rebel groups . The December accord , mediated by President Omar Bongo of Gabon , called for follow - on , inclusive political negotiations between the government and the opposition .
Dornier Do 29 The Dornier Do 29 was an experimental aircraft developed by Dornier Flugzeugwerke and the " Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt " ( German Aviation Laboratory ) in the 1950s , used to test a tilting - propeller system for short takeoff and landing aircraft . The concept was proved to be successful in flight testing , however no further development of the system or aircraft was proceeded with , and at the conclusion of its test program the Do 29 was retired . Design and development . During the Second World War , Heinrich Focke of Focke - Achgelis , a manufacturer of helicopters , developed a design for a short - takeoff - and - landing ( STOL ) aircraft that would utilise a system of pusher propellers , one on each wing in a pusher configuration , to provide downwards thrust and enhance lift . Designated Fa 269 , the design was not developed due to the state of the war . In the 1950s , however , a renewed interest in STOL and VTOL aircraft led to a re - evaluation of Focke ' s concept , and Dornier was given a contract to develop an aircraft capable of demonstrating the tilting - propeller system . The aircraft , given the designation Do 29 , was based on the Do 27 light transport , modified with twin Lycoming GO - 480 engines mounted below the wings . These engines drove three - bladed , pusher propellers , that were capable of being tilted downwards to an angle of up to 90 degrees , and the engines were coupled so that symmetrical thrust could be maintained in the event of an engine failure . The forward fuselage was also modified with a helicopter - like cockpit . A Martin - Baker ejection seat was provided for pilot escape in the event of a crash . Testing . Two examples of the Do 29 were constructed , while a third was planned but not built , with the first protoype flying on 12 December 1958 . In the following flight testing , the propeller system was not rotated further than 60 degrees as opposed to its nominal 90 degree capability , but the aircraft proved to be highly successful , with a stalling speed of and exceptional short - field performance . Despite this , however , the tilting - propeller system was not further pursued after the end of the flight test program . Aircraft on display . One of the Do 29 prototypes survived the program , and is displayed in the Dornier Museum in Germany .
Rupert Billingsley Rupert Billingsley ( born 1644 , date of death unknown ) was an English soldier who secured the garrison and town of Berwick on Tweed for William of Orange during the Glorious Revolution in 1688 . Biography . Billingsley was born in 1644 in Astley Abbotts , Shropshire , to Francis Billingsley and Elizabeth Latham . His father was a major in the Royalist Army supporting King Charles I . His godfather was Prince Rupert .