naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Awards and decorations of the Vietnam War Awards and decorations of the Vietnam War were military decorations which were bestowed by the major warring parties during the years of the Vietnam War . North Vietnam , South Vietnam and the United States all issued awards and decorations during the conflict . In the modern age , many senior U . S . military leaders can still be seen wearing South Vietnam awards which were earned during service in the Vietnam War . As South Vietnam as a country no longer exists , such awards are actually considered obsolete and may only be privately purchased from dealers in military insignia . A listing of the most commonly bestowed Vietnam war era decorations is as follows : South Vietnam . Senior Leadership Decorations Heroism Decorations Common Decorations Unit Citations Other Awards United States . Several decorations ( Distinguished Flying Cross , Bronze Star Medal , Air Medal , Copmmendation Medal , Joint Service Commendation Medal ) may be awarded for Valor , or for Merit . Awards for Valor recognize bravery in action against an enemy and have an attached " V " device Valor device . Awards for Merit recognize service . The Commendation Medal was another decoration of the Vietnam War , issued frequently in various versions by the different branches of the U . S . Armed Forces . Australia and New Zealand . Australia and New Zealand awarded British and Commonwealth orders and decorations to their servicemen in Vietnam , including the Distinguished Service Order , and the Military Cross . Australia and New Zealand jointly developed and instituted The Vietnam Medal ( though separate Royal Warrants were issued ) . The obverse of the medal displays an Effigy of Queen Elizabeth II , the reverse shows a man standing between two spheres , a symbolic representation of the ideological struggle . The ribbon incorporates the colours of the three armed services ( Red , Navy Blue , and Sky Blue ) , and the national colours of Vietnam ( Red and Yellow ) . New Zealand Defence Force Vietnam Medal Page In 1992 , Australia struck the Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal . The medal was intended to recognise the Australian servicemen and civilians who provided support for Australian troops . The qualifying criteria for the Medal are service of one day or more as a member or crew of a ship or aircraft operating in the prescribed area of operations of Vietnam in support of Australian forces , or service of one day or more within the prescribed area of operations of Vietnam while attached to a unit or organisation in support of Australian forces . It has been awarded to military personnel , Qantas crews , civilian medical personnel , and Embassy staff . Australian Government Campaign Medals page Australia awarded 4 Victoria Crosses during the Vietnam War ( List of Vietnam War Victoria Cross recipients ) , 2 posthumously . Australian servicemen were also awarded a large number of individual US and South Vietnamese awards , and the following unit citations :
Battle of Kraaipan The Battle of Kraaipan was the first engagement of the Second Anglo - Boer War , fought at Kraaipan , South Africa on 12 October 1899 . On 11 October 1899 President Paul Kruger of the South African Republic in alliance with the Orange Free State declared war on the British . That night 800 men of the Potchefstroom and Lichtenburg commando s under General Koos de la Rey ( one of General Piet Cronjé ' s field generals ) attacked and captured the British garrison and railway siding at Kraaipan between Vryburg and Mafikeng , some south west of Mafikeng . Thus began the Second Anglo - Boer War . Under the orders of Cronjé the Mafeking railway and telegraph lines were cut on the same day . The armoured train , " Mosquito " , carrying two 7 - pounder cannons , rifles , ammunition and supplies was derailed and after a five - hour fight the British surrendered the next morning . The cannons , rifles , ammunition , supplies and prisoners were taken . The Boer troops discovered British Mark IV ammunition ( better known as dumdum ) on the train . This incident made De la Rey famous , but exacerbated his conflicts with the cautious and unimaginative Cronjé , who sent him to block the advance of the British forces moving to relieve the Siege of Kimberley in the north - east of the Cape Colony .
Battle of Tolosa ( 1813 ) The Battle of Tolosa ( 25 June 1813 ) saw a British - Portuguese - Spanish column led by Thomas Graham attempt to cut off a retreating Franco - Italian force under Maximilien Sebastien Foy . Assisted by Antoine Louis Popon de Maucune ' s division , which fortuitously appeared , the French parried Graham ' s initial attacks then slipped away when threatened with envelopment . The town of Tolosa is located about south of San Sebastián . The clash occurred during the Peninsular War , part of the wider Napoleonic Wars . In the late spring of 1813 , the Allied army of Arthur Wellesley , Marquess of Wellington launched a powerful offensive designed to drive King Joseph Bonaparte ' s Imperial French army from Spain . On 21 June , Wellington ' s army inflicted a decisive defeat on Joseph ' s troops at the Battle of Vitoria . As the defeated French armies withdrew toward the Pyrenees , Wellington tried to intercept Foy ' s column in the north and Bertrand Clausel ' s forces in the south . Neither Foy nor Clausel had fought at Vitoria . Graham caught up with Foy ' s column , but after some fighting , the French got away . Clausel also managed to avoid being cut off , but except for the Sieges of San Sebastian and Pamplona , northern Spain was soon free of French occupation . The next pitched battle was the Battle of the Pyrenees which began on 25 July .
Jerónimo de Azevedo Jerónimo de Azevedo ( 1540 – Lisbon , 1625 ) was a Portuguese fidalgo , Governor of Portuguese Ceylon and Viceroy of Portuguese India . His full name was Jerónimo de Azevedo de Ataíde Malafaia and he was the 8th son of Dom Manuel de Azevedo , " Comenda dor " of São João de Alpendurada and brother of Blessed Inácio de Azevedo . Governorship . Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo was a key figure in the late 16th - century Portuguese takeover in Ceylon ( present day Sri Lanka ) . Azevedo was nominated 20th viceroy of India in 1611 , and left Colombo for Goa in 1612 . In 1615 he backed an audacious expedition to Pegu to loot the Moon imperial treasures in Mrauk - U , an enterprise that ultimately did not succeed . However , the fact that it was supported at such a high official level showed how plunder was considered a legitimate policy objective in 16th - century Portuguese - ruled Asia . Also in 1615 Azevedo led a huge fleet that tried to drive English East India Company ships under the command of Nicholas Downton off Surat , but after a series of engagements he ultimately failed – an incident which demonstrated that Portuguese Goa had lost the capacity to protect its monopoly of trade on the west coast of India . A . R . Disney further states that by the time of Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo ' s mandate as viceroy the influence of colonials in Goa , as distinct from metropolitan Portuguese , was steadily growing . These colonials had interests and an outlook that did not necessarily coincide with those of the metropolis . In practice , Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo – who had come to Asia as a young man and served for his entire career in the Portuguese " Estado da Índia " – was a colonial . This influence of colonials coincided with a period of resurgent Portuguese expansionism in South and Southeast Asia , that reached its peak when Azevedo took office in 1612 but was already a spent force when he terminated his mandate as viceroy in 1617 . On his return to Lisbon , Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo was held in custody and put on trial on several accusations , including that of not fighting the Dutch . He died in March 1625 . He is buried in São Roque Church , in Lisbon . The Fort of São Jerónimo ( Saint Jerome ) in Nani Daman was started during his term as viceroy and is named in his honour . Azevedo was also responsible for the rebuilding of the Idalcão or Adilshahi Palace in Panaji ( Goa ) .
United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor The United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor ( UNMISET ) was established on 20 May 2002 , the same day which East Timor became an internationally recognized independent state and the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor ( UNTAET ) came to an end . Military and police forces from contributing nations were put under control of the Special Representative of the Secretary - General . Following a progress report submitted by the Secretary - General in 2003 , the initial 12 month mandate was extended into two years , subsequently extended to 20 May 2005 , after which it was replaced by United Nations Office in Timor Leste ( UNOTIL ) . A final report was then presented to the Security Council and a statement was made about the continuing help with a Border Patrol Unit . The mandates of the Security Council Resolutions also provided for a Serious Crimes Unit to investigate the events of 1999 . External links . < br >
William Cavendish , 1st Duke of Devonshire William Cavendish , 1st Duke of Devonshire KG PC ( 25 January 1640 – 18 August 1707 ) was an English soldier , politician and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1684 when he inherited the peerage as Earl of Devonshire . He was created Duke of Devonshire in 1694 . Life . Cavendish was the son of William Cavendish , 3rd Earl of Devonshire and his wife Lady Elizabeth Cecil . In 1661 , he was elected Member of Parliament for Derbyshire in the Cavalier Parliament . He was a Whig under Charles II of England and James II of England and was leader of the anti - court and anti - Catholic party in the House of Commons , where he served as Lord Cavendish . He was re - elected MP for Derbyshire in the two elections of 1679 and in 1681 . In 1684 he succeeded to the peerage as Earl of Devonshire on the death of his father and then sat in the House of Lords . He was a strong supporter of the " Glorious Revolution " of 1688 which brought William III of Orange to the throne , signing as one of the Immortal Seven the invitation to William . After the revolution , Cavendish was a leading Whig , serving as William ' s Lord Steward , and was created the Duke of Devonshire ( 1694 ) and also Marquess of Hartington in recognition for his services . He rebuilt Chatsworth House . Cavendish was given an honorary MA by the University of Cambridge in 1705 . Family . Cavendish married Lady Mary Butler ( 1646 – 1710 ) , daughter of James Butler , 1st Duke of Ormonde and his wife , Lady Elizabeth Preston , on 26 October 1662 . They had four children :
Globe Aircraft Corporation The Globe Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer , formed in 1941 in Fort Worth , Texas . It was declared bankrupt in 1947 . History . Originally formed as the Bennet Aircraft Corporation which had been set up before Second World War to develop aircraft using a Bakelite bonded plywood " Duraloid " . The company first design was the BTC - 1 twin engined monoplane . The company was renamed the Globe Aircraft Corporation in 1941 and they produced a single - engined Continental A - 80 powered Globe GC - 1 Swift . With the start of the war the company abandoned plans to produce the aircraft as it concentrated on sub - contract building of 600 Beech AT - 10 s and components for other aircraft like the Curtiss C - 46 . When wartime restrictions were removed the company developed a re - designed and all - metal version of the GC - 1 designated the GC - 1A Swift which first flew in 1945 . The production of the Swift was sub - contracted to the Texas Engineering and Manufacturing Company ( TEMCO ) . In July 1947 the company was declared bankrupt ; the assets and design rights of the Swift were bought by TEMCO .
USS Wapato ( YTB - 788 ) USS " Wapato " ( YTB - 788 ) was a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Wapato , Washington . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Wapato " was awarded 14 January 1965 . She was laid down on 14 January 1966 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 18 April 1966 . Operational history . Delivered to the U . S . Navy on 21 June 1966 , " Wapato " was assigned to the 10th Naval District and operated out of San Juan , Puerto Rico , aiding ships in berthing and docking maneuvers and providing waterfront fire protection . Stricken on 25 April 1996 , " Wapato " was sold on 27 December 2002 . Repowered and chartered for a time to SeaBulk Towing of Florida as " Osprey " , ex - " Wapato " is currently active in commercial service as " Barbara MacAllister " .
Submarine Medical insignia The Submarine Medical Insignia is a badge of the United States Navy which is presented to medical officers of the Navy Medical Corps who have received training and qualification in submarine warfare and medical expertise . First awarded in 1943 , the Submarine Medical Insignia is awarded to Navy Doctors who have completed at least 30 days of underway time on submarine s . In addition to the underway time , to obtain the Submarine Medical Insignia , a physician must complete an abbreviated version of the training required for the standard Submarine Warfare Insignia . Such training normally involves a 300 question open book examination in radiation health , diving medicine and submarine medicine . The final qualification for medical dolphins is to develop , propose , conduct research , and write a thesis in an area of submarine or diving medicine that is peer reviewed by a board of qualified submarine medical officers . All requirements for the submarine medical officer are coordinated by the Naval Undersea Medicine Institute in Groton Connecticut . The Personal Qualification Standard ( PQS ) , for the Submarine Medical Insignia , also contain medical specific knowledge applicable to the close quarters and unique environment of practicing medicine on a submarine .
German submarine U - 528 German submarine " U - 528 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down at the " Deutsche Werft " ( yard ) in Hamburg as ' werk ' 343 on 10 November 1941 , launched on 1 July 1942 and commissioned on 16 September with " Kapitänleutnant " Karl - Heinz Fuchs in command . " U - 528 " began her service career with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 16 September 1942 . She was re - assigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 April 1943 . She carried out one patrol but did not sink any ships . She was a member of one wolfpack . She was sunk by a British aircraft and a British warship southwest of Ireland , in May 1943 . Operational career . Patrol and loss . The boat departed Kiel on 15 April 1943 , moved through the North Sea , negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and entered the Atlantic Ocean . There , she was intercepted by the escorts of Convoy ON ( S ) 5 and damaged . She was sunk on her way to the French Atlantic bases . " U - 528 " was ' destroyed ' on 11 May 1943 southwest of Ireland by depth charge s dropped from a Handley Page Halifax of No . 58 Squadron RAF and the British sloop HMS " Fleetwood " . Eleven men went down with the U - boat ; there were 45 survivors .
Walter Carl Wann , Jr . Walter Carl Wann , Jr . was born at Goldendale , Washington , on 13 May 1921 . Navy career . " Wann " enlisted in the Navy at Portland , Oregon , on 14 December 1939 and eventually received the rating of Pharmacist ' s Mate , 2nd class ( PhM2 / c ) . Awarded the Silver Star . While on duty with marines engaged in the attack on Gavutu and Tanambogo , " Pharmacist ' s Mate Wann " received the Silver Star medal for conspicuous gallantry and " intrepidity during action " on the night of 7 August 1942 . Japanese machine guns , raking the causeway between Gavutu and Tanambogo Islands , pinned down the marines with heavy fire . " Wann " volunteered to cross the area to render aid and return casualties to the aid station . Ignoring the enemy fire and with complete disregard of his own life , he sprinted back and forth , carrying and rendering aid to wounded marines . Killed in action . He remained attached to Marine units in the Guadalcanal campaign until killed in action on 4 November 1942 . Namesake . USS Walter C . Wann ( DE - 412 ) was named in his honor . She was laid down on 6 December 1943 at Houston , Texas , by the Brown Shipbuilding Co . ; launched on 19 January 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Walter C . Wann , Sr . ; and commissioned on 2 May 1944 , Lt . Comdr . John W . Stedman , Jr . , USNR , in command .
Camp Roberts , California Camp Roberts is a California National Guard post in central California , located on both sides of the Salinas River in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties , now run by the California Army National Guard . It is named after Harold W . Roberts , a World War I Medal of Honor recipient . Nearby communities include San Miguel , Heritage Ranch ( Lake Nacimiento ) , Oak Shores ( Lake Nacimiento ) , and Bradley , all unincorporated . The nearest incorporated city is Paso Robles . Camp Roberts is adjacent to Fort Hunter Liggett . Camp Roberts is host to annual training to almost every California Army National Guard unit and it is also used by the British Army . Camp Roberts is undergoing major renovations , including demolition of World War II - era barracks , which have been plagued with mice , asbestos insulation , and lead paint . Demolition of nearly all the World War II - era structures facing US Route 101 began in 2012 .
Ernest Wright Alexander Major General Ernest Wright Alexander VC CB CMG ( 2 October 1870 – 25 August 1934 ) was by birth an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Alexander was trained at the Royal Military College , Sandhurst and commissioned into the British Army . At the age of 43 , as a major in the 119th Battery Royal Field Artillery , during the First World War , he was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry . On 24 August 1914 , during the action of Elouges , Belgium , when the flank guard was attacked by a German corps , Alexander handled his battery against overwhelming odds with such conspicuous success that all his guns were saved notwithstanding that they had to be withdrawn by hand by himself and volunteers led by a Captain ( Francis Octavus Grenfell ) of the 9th Lancers . This enabled the retirement of the 5th Division to be carried out without serious loss . Subsequently , Major Alexander rescued a wounded man under heavy fire . He later achieved the rank of major general . His medal group is on display at the Ashcroft Gallery in the Imperial War Museum , London . He has a headstone in Putney Vale Cemetery .
Brute Force ( book ) Brute Force : Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War ( published 1990 ) is a book by historian John Ellis which concludes that the Allied Forces won World War II not by the skill of their leaders , war planners and commanders in the field , but by brute force ( which he describes as advantages in firepower and logistics ) . Ellis describes what he feels are poor decisions by the Allied High Command with regards to such things as employment of weapons systems or misuses of their overwhelming advantage in manpower . Among his criticism s are the use of armor in North Africa , the Soviet Union ' s use of manpower , wasteful bombing strategies ( RAF Marshal Sir Arthur Harris ' area bombing in particular ) , and the failure to target Japan ese shipping lanes . He also points out the similarities between World War II general s like Bernard Law Montgomery and World War I generals like Douglas Haig ( in particular , the cautious method both men used to plan battles ) . The book is noted for its extensive use of statistical background information . < reflist > < / ref >
John Kerans Commander John Simon Kerans ( 30 June 1915 – 12 September 1985 ) was an officer in the Royal Navy and later a Conservative Party politician . As Assistant British Naval Attaché in then Nanking , China in 1949 , Lieutenant - Commander Kerans took command of when the ship came under fire on the Yangtze River during the final stages of the Chinese Civil War after the captain and 16 others were killed in the shelling . The ship was detained for ten weeks during negotiations for its release , until Kerans led a night - time escape . Kerans was awarded the Distinguished Service Order . The " Amethyst " incident was later the subject of a 1957 film called " Yangtse Incident : The Story of HMS Amethyst " , in which Kerans was portrayed by the British actor Richard Todd . At the 1959 general election he was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament for The Hartlepools . He served only one term in the House of Commons , and did not contest the 1964 general election . He advocated the representation of Communist China in the United Nations . He is also the author of the 1964 book " The World ' s Greatest Sea Adventures " , Publisher : Odhams Books Ltd .
Operation Otto Operation Otto was an Axis powers anti - partisan operation in Independent State of Croatia ( present day Bosnia and Herzegovina ) in 1943 . The objective was to destroy the Partisans operating out of the Grmeč mountain in the Una - Sana bend area of west Bosnia . The Partisan force successfully managed to get through the enemy lines and passed out of the encirclement . There was little if any contact between the opposing sides and no losses were reported .
Robert Crispin Robert Crispin ( , died 1071 ) , called Frankopoulos , was a Norman mercenary and the leader of a corps of his countrymen stationed at Edessa under the command of the Byzantine general Isaac Komnenos , Duke of Antioch , in the 1060s . He fought against the invading Seljuk Turks and was supposedly poisoned shortly after the Battle of Manzikert .
MV Miralda MV " Miralda " was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch / Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier ( MAC ship ) . The group is collectively known as the " Rapana " class . " Macoma " was launched in July 1936 at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij , Amsterdam as an oil tanker . Her conversion to a MAC ship was completed in January 1944 . As a MAC ship , she had no aircraft hangar , and continued to carry normal cargoes , although operating under Royal Navy control . Only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel . The British Ship Adoption Society , a Maritime Charity , was formed in the early part of the Second World War , with a large number of schools taking part in the scheme , amassing comforts for a particular ship and in return the children would receive letters of thanks and news from various ports around the world to which it would sail . the M . V Miralda was adopted by Styal Cottage Homes , a home colony and school for orphaned and destitute children of Manchester . After the war , " Miralda " was reconverted and returned to merchant service as an oil tanker and served in that role until scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960 . She was renamed " Marisa " in 1950 .