naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Boeotian helmet The Boeotian helmet was a type of helmet that was used in Classical Antiquity and the Hellenistic period , and possibly originated in the Greek region of Boeotia . Characteristics . The Boeotian helmet was an open helmet , allowing good peripheral vision and unimpaired hearing . It had a domed skull surrounded by a wide , flaring , down - sloping brim . The brim came down at the rear to protect the back of the neck , projected forward over the forehead and was worked into a complex shape at the sides , with downward pointing folds affording some lateral protection to the face . A long plume was sometimes attached to this type of helmet . The need for unimpeded vision and good hearing was particularly acute for cavalrymen , therefore this type of helmet was used primarily by mounted troops . It was modelled on the shape of a folded - down Boeotian variant of the " petasos " , a type of Greek sun hat , usually made of felt . This type of helmet was beaten from a single sheet of bronze using a helmet - shaped " former , " one of which , made of limestone , is extant . An excellently preserved example of this type of helmet , now in the Ashmolean Museum , was recovered from the Tigris River in Iraq . It may have belonged to one of Alexander the Great ' s cavalrymen . In Late Hellenistic times the Boeotian helmet evolved into a type with a taller , more conical skull and often a reduced brim . Use . The Athenian military expert and author Xenophon particularly recommended the Boeotian helmet for cavalry , saying " . . . the Boeotian type [ of helmet ] . For this not only gives the greatest protection to all the parts above the cuirass , but allows free vision . " This piece of advice was taken up by Alexander the Great , who equipped his cavalry with this helmet . Both the Alexander sarcophagus and Alexander mosaic show cavalrymen of the Ancient Macedonian army wearing Boeotian helmets . As a specialised cavalry helmet its use was not as widespread as some other ancient helmets , such as the Corinthian or Phrygian types . The helmet was used by Roman citizen cavalry in the Republican period . On the Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus , Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus was consul in 122 BC , a Roman cavalryman is depicted wearing one ( with the later more conical skull and furnished with a falling horsehair plume ) . The naming conventions and typology of ancient helmets are largely of modern origin and do not reflect contemporary usage ; " Terms such as ' Illyrian ' and ' Attic ' are used in archaeology for convenience to denote a particular type of helmet and do not imply its origin . " The term ' Beoetian helmet ' is an exception , as it was employed by Xenophon it is therefore of contemporary usage .
Richard R . Taylor Dr . Richard Ray Taylor ( November 21 , 1922 – November 8 , 1978 ) was a Lieutenant General in the United States military and served as the 33rd Surgeon General of the United States Army . Biography . Early life and education . Born on November 21 , 1922 in Prairieburg , Iowa . He was raised in the small town of Norton , Kansas . His father and two of his four brothers were physicians . His father , Charles Fletcher Taylor , MD was the Superintendent of the State Sanitatorium for Tuberculosis , where his brother , David Taylor , MD also served on staff for a time . His mother , Harriet Taylor , was Kansas mother of the year and was well known for keeping the family together and being a great cook . Dr . Taylor was one of eight siblings . His youngest brother , Danny , died in an automobile accident while he was an architecture student at the University of Kansas . Richard Taylor graduated with a BS from the University of Chicago in 1944 and later from the University of Chicago School of Medicine with his MD in 1946 . Military career . He worked his way up in ranks in the army from First Lieutenant in 1946 to Colonel in 1964 , and eventually to Surgeon General of the US Army in October 1973 . He was also in charge of M . A . S . H . units in Vietnam . Later life . He died on November 8 , 1978 at Arlington Hospital ( now known as Virginia Hospital Center ) in Arlington , Virginia . He is survived by his wife , Frances Colby Taylor , his daughter , Carolyn Jean , and his four sons , Richard Ray Jr . , Colby Fletcher , Bryan Dudley , and David Webster . Recognition . Lieutenant General Richard R . Taylor´s ribbon bar :
USS Plymouth Rock ( LSD - 29 ) USS " Plymouth Rock " ( LSD - 29 ) was a of the United States Navy , named for Plymouth Rock , the legendary landing site of the Pilgrims in 1620 . " Plymouth Rock " was laid down by Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp . , Pascagoula , Mississippi on 4 May 1953 ; launched on 7 May 1954 ; sponsored by Mrs . Francis C . Denebrink ; and commissioned on 29 November 1954 , Commander D . Bontecou in command . Service history . After sailing in January 1955 to Norfolk , her homeport , " Plymouth Rock " conducted shakedown off the East Coast and in the Caribbean . In the summer of 1955 she transported men and equipment to early warning sites in the far north . In March 1956 she deployed to the Mediterranean for amphibious operations , returning in October . During 1957 she made numerous trips to the Caribbean , and again resupplied the Arctic Distant Early Warning Line . From May to October 1958 " Plymouth Rock " operated as a unit of the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean , participating in the landing of U . S . Marines in Lebanon in July . After developing the concept of " vertical envelopment " by helicopter assault in early 1959 , she made a Caribbean cruise to Puerto Rico and Cuba . In February 1960 she participated in " Operation Amigo " , carrying support helicopters and other equipment for President Dwight Eisenhower ' s visit to South America . From March to December , she again deployed to the Mediterranean . During 1961 " Plymouth Rock " made several cruises to the Caribbean and one to the Mediterranean , including work on Project Mercury and Project ASROC . During 1962 she made several deployments to the Caribbean , and was a member of the blockade force during the Cuban Missile Crisis . On 7 May 1963 she again deployed to the Mediterranean , returning in October . In 1964 " Plymouth Rock " made two Caribbean cruises and then took part in Operation Steel Pike I off the coast of Spain , the largest amphibious operation since World War II . Early 1965 found " Plymouth Rock " on another Caribbean cruise . From 28 January to 7 March 1966 she was involved in H - Bomb recovery operations off Palomares , Spain following the Palomares hydrogen bombs incident . Late 1966 found her once again in the Caribbean , providing for the victims of Hurricane Inez in Haiti . After three Caribbean cruises in early 1967 , " Plymouth Rock " deployed to northern Europe . She made two more Caribbean deployments in 1968 . From June to July 1969 she again deployed to northern Europe . " Plymouth Rock " was decommissioned on 30 September 1983 and transferred to the Maritime Administration on 8 November 1989 and laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet . Her name was struck from the Navy List on 24 February 1992 and she was sold for scrapping , 25 August 1995 , to Peck Recycling , Richmond , Virginia , for $ 268 , 707 .
William Douglas ( colonel ) William Douglas ( January 17 , 1742 – May 28 , 1777 ) was an American military officer who led regiments from Connecticut during the American Revolutionary War . The son of John Douglas ( 1703 - 1766 ) and Olive Spaulding ( 1709 - 1752 ) , he was born in Plainfield , Connecticut , Douglas began his military career as a soldier in the French and Indian War , rising to the rank of sergeant . Following the war , he became a shipmaster and worked in the maritime trades until the beginning of the American Revolutionary War , when he raised the 6th Company of the 1st Connecticut Regiment and became its captain . Douglas took part in military campaigns along Lake George and Lake Champlain commanding ships in upstate New York and was stationed in Montreal . In 1776 , he was promoted twice , first to major and then on June 20 as colonel of the Connecticut State Regiment , also known as the " Connecticut 5th battalion " . Douglas privately acknowledged in letters to his wife that his troops were often ill - equipped for battle , writing at one point that they “ give me much fatigue and trouble . ” During the landing of British troops at Kips Bay in New York City on September 15 , 1776 , Douglas ’ troops retreated wildly in the face of the British attack . General George Washington , encountering the retreating troops , reacted angrily by flogging some of Douglas ’ troops with his riding cane and declaring : “ Are these the men with whom I am to defend America ? ” Douglas and his regiment also participated in the Battle of White Plains on October 28 , 1776 . On January 1 , 1777 , he was commissioned as a colonel of the Connecticut 6th Regiment . However , his health deteriorated during the course of the war and he was forced to return to his home at Northfield , Connecticut , where he died on May 28 , 1777 . Col Douglas married , 5 July 1767 , Hannah , daughter of Stephen Mansfield , of New Haven , where she was born 17th Nov 1747 , dying in Northford , 22 May 1825 . His daughter Olive Douglas married Solomon Fowler and had daughter Charlotte Fowler ( 1805 – 1873 ) , who married missionary Dwight Baldwin ( 1798 – 1886 ) , and had several other notable descendants . Douglas ' grandson Benjamin Douglas was a manufacturer , Mayor of Middletown , Connecticut , and lieutenant governor of Connecticut in 1861 - 62
Transportation Distinguished Service Medal The Transportation Distinguished Service Medal was the highest decoration which could be bestowed by the Secretary of Transportation for exceptional service to the United States government in a position of great responsibility to a member of the United States Coast Guard . In 2003 it was replaced by the Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal . The Department of Transportation Distinguished Service Medal was established by signed by President George H . W . Bush on December 7 , 1992 . The decoration was awarded to any member of the Coast Guard who provided exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility while assigned in the Department of Transportation , or in other activities under the responsibility of the Secretary of Transportation , either national or international , as may be assigned by the Secretary . With the creation of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003 and transfer of the Coast Guard to it , the award was changed to become the Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal , issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security .
List of battle and theatre honours of the Indian Army Corps of Engineers The Indian Army Corps of Engineers has distinguished itself in battle and has been awarded many battle and theatre honour s . These honours have been awarded to individual units of the Corps or to the three Groups , namely the Madras Sappers , the Bengal Sappers and the Bombay Sappers . This list is a union of the battle and theatre honours awarded to these three groups of the Corps of Engineers and does not include those earned by disbanded engineer and pioneer units or corps .
Bruno Kahl Bruno Kahl ( 23 November 1914 – 27 February 1999 ) was an " Oberstleutnant " in the " Wehrmacht " during World War II , and one of only 882 recipients of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Biography . Born in Cologne on 23 November 1914 , Bruno Kahl commenced his military career in July 1933 after the usual service with the " Reichsarbeitsdienst " . Kahl became an Officer Candidate with a motorised unit in Münster . In April 1935 , he was commissioned as a " Leutnant " and posted to an anti - tank Unit in Hanover as a Platoon Commander . In 1936 , " Leutnant Kahl " joined " Panzerjäger Abteilung 9 " , where he became Unit Adjutant . He was promoted to " Oberleutnant " in the summer of 1938 and shortly afterwards assigned to " Gebirgs - Panzer - Abwehr - Artillerie 48 " . He took part in the Occupation of Czechoslovakia with this unit . On the outbreak of war in September 1939 , " Oberleutnant " Kahl was serving with the same unit on the southern sector of the front during the Polish Campaign . Kahl also saw action with his Unit at Narvik before voluntarily transferring to the " Panzer " Arm in August 1940 and was assigned to " Panzer Regiment 21 " . On 1 June 1941 , Kahl was promoted to " Hauptmann " and took part in Operation Barbarossa with the 20 Panzer Division as part of " Panzergruppe " Hoth in the Central Sector of the Russian Front . On 8 July 1941 , he was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class and two days later , the Black Wound Badge for his first wound in action . Just over three months later , " Hauptmann " Kahl received the Iron Cross First Class and the German Cross in Gold followed in September 1942 , for his actions on the Eastern Front . In January 1943 , Kahl was promoted to the rank of " Major " . On 8 February 1943 , he was decorated with the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross for his success in commanding the " 3 - Kompanie / Panzer Regiment 21 " during actions around Toropez in the Central Sector of the Eastern Front . During the summer of that same year , Kahl was posted to the Army ' s " Schwere Panzerjäger Regiment 656 " and served with this unit during the Kursk Offensive . For his successful command of the Regiment during the ill - fated Offensive , Kahl was awarded the 270 Knight ' s Cross with Oak leaves on 8 August 1943 . " Major " Kahl then spent some time as Commander of the " Panzerschule " at Erlangen before being appointed to command " Panzer Regiment Grossdeutschland " on 1 October 1944 . At the end of hostilities , Kahl , who had been promoted to " Oberstleutnant " on New Year ' s Day 1945 went into American captivity and was released in June 1945 . < br > He died in 1999 .
USS Natalie Mae ( SP - 1005 ) USS " Natalie Mae " ( SP - 1005 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission during World War I . " Natalie Mae " is known to have been assigned the section patrol number 1005 and to have operated on patrol duties in the 12th Naval District at San Diego , California , ca . December 1917 as USS " Natalie Mae " ( SP - 1005 ) , occasionally in rotation with the patrol boats , , , and . However , no other records of " Natalie Mae " s operational history have been found , nor have any records of her characteristics .
Fuji KM - 2 The Fuji KM - 2 is a Japan ese propeller - driven light aircraft , which was developed by Fuji Heavy Industries from the Beech T - 34 which Fuji built under licence . Various versions have been used as primary trainers by the Japan Self - Defense Forces , with the KM - 2B remaining in service with the Japan Air Self - Defense Force Design and development . Fuji Heavy Industries was established in July 1952 as a successor to Nakajima , and undertook licenced production of the Beech T - 34 trainer aircraft as its first product . This was used by Fuji for the development of the Fuji LM - 1 Nikko which was a four - seat liaison aircraft powered by a 225 hp Continental O - 470 engine , with introduction of a more powerful 340 hp Lycoming O - 480 engine resulting in redesignation as the LM - 2 , with both the LM - 1 and LM - 2 being used by the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force . The KM was a four seat civil version of the LM - 1 , fitted with the more powerful Lycoming engine that was later used by the LM - 2 . After the KM was used by the Japanese government for civil pilot training , the KM - 2 was developed as a side by side two seat trainer , first flying on 16 January 1962 . Sixty two were purchased by the Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force as primary trainers , with a further two purchased by the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force as the TL - 1 . The KM - 2B was a further development of the KM - 2 for use as a primary trainer for the Japan Air Self - Defense Force . It combined the structure and engine of the KM - 2 with the tandem cockpit of the T - 34 Mentor , first flying on 17 January 1978 . Fifty were purchased by the JASDF as the Fuji T - 3 , production continuing until 1992 .
Indian Army Armoured Corps The Indian Army Armoured Corps is one of the combat arms of the Indian Army . Formed in 1947 from two - thirds of the personnel and assets of the Raj ' s Indian Armoured Corps . It currently consists of 63 armoured regiments , including the president ' s bodyguards . The naming of the regiments varies . The terms " Cavalry " , " Horse " and " Lancers " , which have been dispensed with in the case of units raised post - independence , are historical legacies from the raising and renaming of these units when part of the East India Company ' s army and / or later the British Indian Army . The Armoured Corps School and Centre is at Ahmednagar . As a matter of tradition , each Armoured Regiment has its own " Colonel of the Regiment " , an honorary post for a senior officer who oversees the regimental issues concerning the unit . List of regiments . The list of regiments forming part of the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army is as follows :
Ethiopian order of battle in the Second Italo - Ethiopian War Ethiopian forces in the Second Italo - Abyssinian War besides the Central Army were mobilized from various provinces under their local leader . According to on the eve of hostilities the Ethiopians had an army of 350 , 000 men . Strengths where known are noted followed by their leader . Modernized forces in Bold . Ethiopian Army 1935 . Addis Ababa Northern front . Army of the Left - " Ras " Imru Haile Selassie ( " Grazmach " = " General / Commander of the Left " ) Mahel Sefari ( Army of the Center ) ( 70 , 000 regulars ) - " Ras " Mulugeta Yeggazu of Illubabor Army of the Right - " Ras " Kassa Haile Darge ( " Qegnazmach " = " General / Commander of the right " ) Danakil region - Dejazmach Kassa Sebhat Ifrata Sefari - Ras Kebbede Welega - Ardjo Sefari - Bitwoded Makonnen Demissie Kaffa Sefari - Ras Getachew Abate To subdue Gojjam revolt Wollo Sefari - Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen Tafari Southern front . Ogaden Ogaden Sefari - Grazmach Afawarq Walda Samayat Reinforcements Hararghe Sefari - Dejazmach Nasibu Emmanual - C - in - C in Ogaden after Afewerq ' s death Webi Shebelle front Juba Front
Wirbelwind The Flakpanzer IV " Wirbelwind " ( Whirlwind in English ) was a self - propelled anti - aircraft gun based on the Panzer IV tank . It was developed in 1944 as a successor to the earlier self - propelled anti - aircraft gun " Möbelwagen " . In the first years of the war , the Wehrmacht had less interest in developing self - propelled anti - aircraft guns , but as the Allies began to gain air superiority , the need for more mobile and better - armed self - propelled anti - aircraft guns increased . During the early summer of 1944 , SS - " Hauptsturmführer " Karl Wilhelm Krause with the 12th SS Panzer Division " Hitlerjugend " came up with the concept of the " Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind " . He presented the concept to SS - " Obersturmbannführer " Max Wünsche , commanding officer of the 12th SS Panzer Regiment and it was approved by Hitler . The Panzer IV ' s turret was removed and replaced with an open - top , nine - sided turret which housed a quadruple 2 cm " Flakvierling " 38 L / 112 . 5 . A closed - top design would have been preferable , but this was not possible due to the heavy smoke generated by the four anti - aircraft guns . Production of the tank was carried out by " Ostbau Werke " in Sagan , Silesia . Thereafter , the 2 cm shells proved less effective against aircraft so a more powerful successor was produced which eventually replaced it . Known as the " Flakpanzer IV Ostwind " ( East Wind ) , the successor was equipped with a single 3 . 7 cm FlaK 43 . The combination of armor and rapid fire from the four guns of the " Wirbelwind " did make it effective against ground targets . Between 87 and 105 " Wirbelwinds " were produced during the war , but due to discrepancies between the recorded production numbers at the Ostbau Works and " Wehrmacht " service records , the exact number will probably never be known .
SM U - 85 SM U - 85 was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I . U - 85 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic . Initially U 81 to U 83 had one 10 . 5 cm gun with 140 - 240 rounds . U 84 - U 86 on the other hand had two 8 . 8 cm guns . In 1917 U 84 - U 86 were refitted with a single 10 . 5 cm gun ( 240 rounds )
Marcus Claudius Marcellus ( consul 196 BC ) Marcus Claudius Marcellus was a consul ( 196 BC ) and a censor in ( 189 BC ) of the Roman Republic . He was the son of the famous general Marcus Claudius Marcellus ( killed 208 BC ) , and possibly father of the three - time consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus ( consul 166 BC ) . Marcellus first appears in Livy ' s history when his father , then curule aedile , brought an action before the senate against his colleague Scantinius Capitolinus who had made improper advances to the young and beautiful boy . The younger Marcellus , despite his evident embarrassment , convinced the senate of the man ' s guilt and his father was recompensed with some articles of silver which he dedicated to a temple . Marcellus would have been at least seven , and probably over 13 at the time of the incident ( c . 226 BC ) . The relation of this case to the " Lex Scantinia " is vexed , since a Roman law was named after its proposer , and never a defendant . Like his coevals , Marcellus fought in the Second Punic War , probably accompanying his father on various military campaigns , including the famous campaign against Syracuse . He was military tribune under his father , when the two consuls were ambushed in 208 BC resulting in his father ' s death and the other consul ' s severe injury . Marcellus himself was badly wounded ; his father ' s body was subsequently returned by Hannibal to the son . In 204 BD Marcellus was a tribune of the plebs , appointed to lead a commission ( also including Cato ) to investigate charges made against Scipio Africanus . The charges were dismissed , and it is unclear what relationship , if any , existed between the two men . ( Marcellus ' s father and Scipio ' s uncle had been co - consuls in 222 BC ) .
Railway Operating Division The Railway Operating Division ( ROD ) was a division of the Royal Engineers formed in 1915 to operate railways in the many theatres of the First World War . It was largely composed of railway employees and operated both standard gauge and narrow gauge railways . The ROD requisitioned many diverse locomotives from Britain ' s railway companies , but as the war dragged on adopted the Great Central Railway ' s Robinson Class 8K 2 - 8 - 0 as its standard freight locomotive to become the ROD 2 - 8 - 0 .