naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
V Corps Observation Group The V Corps Observation Group was an Air Service , United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service , First United States Army . It was demobilized in France on 15 February 1919 . There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history . Mission . The mission of the group was primarily to keep the friendly command informed of the general situation within the enemy lines by means of visual and photographic reconnaissances . It was called upon to effect , whenever necessary , the adjustment of U . S . Army artillery fire . In addition , it was expected that the group would serve to complete the schooling of pilots and observers and render them more competent to undertake intensive operations elsewhere on a larger and more complete scale . History . Organized at Luxeuil - les - Bains Aerodrome , France with the 99th and 104th Aero Squadrons on 7 August 1918 . At the time of organization , the 99th was conducting a liaison school with infantry units at which place the 104th Squadron reported , but due to a lack of equipment and officer personnel , no combat operations took place . On 7 September the group moved to Souilly Aerodrome in preparation for the St . Mihiel Offensive . At Souilly , the 88th Aero Squadron was assigned on 15 September . Again moved to Foucaucourt Aerodrome on 20 September in preparation for the Meuse - Argonne offensive . In addition , the 1st Air Park was assigned to the Group for repair work and transportation support . During the period 20 October - 1 November , the weather conditions were very poor . Observation patrols over the enemy lines were very difficult due to the poor visibility , and direct observation yielded very little useful information . Clearing weather on 2 November , extensive observation flights weer made of enemy positions , artillery locations , and enemy defensive organization in general .
2nd Virginia Cavalry The 2nd Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . The unit was organized by Colonel Jubal Early in Lynchburg , Virginia , in May , 1861 as the 30th Virginia Volunteer Regiment under Col . Richard C . W . Radford ( whence " Radford ' s Rangers " — not to be confused with Troop G ' s similar nickname ) . Its troop s ( the cavalry equivalent of infantry companies ) were recruited across several counties of Central Virginia : At the end of October , 1861 the unit was re - designated the 2nd Virginia Cavalry Regiment . During the war it was brigaded under Generals B . H . Robertson , Fitzhugh Lee , W . C . Wickham , and Thomas Munford . The 2nd Cavalry saw action at First Bull Run , in Jackson ' s Valley Campaign , and at Second Bull Run , Antietam , Fredericksburg , Kelly ' s Ford , Chancellorsville , Brandy Station , Aldie , Upperville , Gettysburg , and Shepherdstown . After the Bristoe and Mine Run campaigns , it was involved at The Wilderness , Todd ' s Tavern , Spotsylvania , Haw ' s Shop , and Cold Harbor . It fought in the Shenandoah Valley with Jubal Early and later in numerous conflicts around Petersburg and Appomattox . The regiment contained 676 men in July , 1861 , lost twenty - eight percent of the 163 engaged at Groveton Heights , and of the 385 at Gettysburg about four percent were disabled . At Appomattox it cut through the Federal lines and disbanded at Lynchburg on April 10 , 1865 . However , 19 men were included in the surrender . The field officers were Colonels Thomas T . Munford and Richard C . W . Radford , Lieutenant Colonels Cary Breckinridge and James W . Watts , and Major William F . Graves . Future Commonwealth ' s Attorney and Virginia Bar Association President Micajah Woods enlisted in the 2nd Virginia Cavalry . Woods was the prosecuting attorney in the trial of Charlottesville mayor J . Samuel McCue , the last man to be hanged in Virginia . Thomas Whitehead , the future one - term Representative of Virginia ' s 6th Congressional District to the House of Representatives , was the captain of Company E .
Richmond H . Hilton Richmond Hobson Hilton ( October 8 , 1898 – 1933 ) was a S . C . National Guard 118th Infantry Regiment , 30th Infantry Division , U . S . Army Sergeant during World War I , and a Medal of Honor recipient — the first of two from Kershaw County , South Carolina to be awarded the medal during that war . He was also awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal by Great Britain , the Medaille Militaire and Croix de Guerre with Palm by France , the Croce al Merito di Guerre by Italy , the Cruz de Guerra by Portugal , and the Bravery Medal by Montenegro . All were awarded for bravery in the face of the enemy . Biography . Hilton was born in Westville , South Carolina , and joined the army in Westville , assigned to Company M , 118th Infantry , 30th Division . On October 11 , 1918 , while fighting near Brancourt , France , Hilton ' s unit was held up by intense machine gun and small arms fire . Sgt . Hilton recognized that the machine gun fire was coming from a shell crater just ahead of them . Accompanied by several other soldiers , but moving out well ahead of them , Sgt . Hilton engaged the machine gun , using his rifle until his ammunition ran out , then using his pistol , killing six German soldiers , and capturing ten others . In the course of this action he was wounded by an exploding shell , which resulted in the loss of an arm . After his discharge from the army , he returned home to Kershaw County a hero . He joined the Civitan Club of Columbia , of which he was a proud member . When asked why he was a Civitan , Hilton replied : After his death in 1933 , he was buried in " Old Quaker Cemetery " in Camden , South Carolina , which is also the cemetery in which World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue is buried . He and Villepigue were both assigned to Company M , 118th Infantry , 30th Division , with Villepigue being awarded his Medal of Honor for actions taking place a few days later , on October 15 , 1918 , which resulted in injuries from which he would later die . That cemetery also maintains the graves of Civil War Confederate Army General s John Doby Kennedy and Joseph B . Kershaw , as well as Civil War hero Richard Rowland Kirkland . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Sergeant , U . S . Army , Company M , 118th Infantry , 30th Division . Place and date : At Brancourt , France , October 11 , 1918 . Entered service at : Westville , S . C . Born : October 8 , 1898 , Westville , S . C . G . O . No . : 16 , W . D . , 1919 . Citation : While Sgt . Hilton ' s company was advancing through the village of Brancourt it was held up by intense enfilading fire from a machinegun . Discovering that this fire came from a machinegun nest among shell holes at the edge of the town , Sgt . Hilton , accompanied by a few other soldiers , but well in advance of them , pressed on toward this position , firing with his rifle until his ammunition was exhausted , and then with his pistol , killing 6 of the enemy and capturing 10 . In the course of this daring exploit he received a wound from a bursting shell , which resulted in the loss of his arm .
USS San Juan ( SSN - 751 ) USS " San Juan " ( SSN - 751 ) , a , is the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for San Juan , Puerto Rico . The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton , Connecticut on 30 November 1982 and her keel was laid down on 9 August 1985 . She was launched on 6 December 1986 sponsored by Mrs . Sherrill Hernandez , and commissioned on 6 August 1988 , with CDR Charles Young in command . As of 2012 the " San Juan " is assigned to Submarine Group Two and commanded by CDR Oliver Lewis . History . " San Juan " was the first " Los Angeles " class ( 688 - class ) submarine to receive a number of significant improvements to the class ' s basic design , creating the 688I ( for " improved 688 " ) . " San Juan " and all following submarines in her class are quieter , incorporated an advanced AN / BSY - 1 sonar suite combat system . The improvements also included the ability to lay mines from the torpedo tubes . The " San Juan " ' s sail was also strengthened , enabling the ability to break through ice . First Through Ice Surfacing . In 1993 the " San Juan " conducted the first through - ice surfacing for a 688i class submarine in the Arctic . Collision with USS Kentucky . On 19 March 1998 off the coast of Long Island , New York the submerged " San Juan " collided with the surfaced fleet ballistic missile submarine . There were no injuries reported with the collision . Lost Communication . On 13 March 2007 , " San Juan " was the subject of a search and rescue mission by elements of the " Enterprise " Carrier Strike Group when a red flare was spotted in her projected vicinity , suggesting an emergency . Communications were established by the early hours of the next day when " San Juan " surfaced , and no problems were indicated . Visit to South Africa . On 4 November 2009 the " San Juan " arrived at Simon ' s Town , South Africa . The ship engaged in at - sea maneuvers with the South African Navy for the first time in U . S . history . 2010 Overhaul . The " San Juan " and crew arrived at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard ( PNSY ) , Maine , on 8 April 2010 for an engineered overhaul ( EOH ) ; for maintenance and receive system upgrades . On 4 August 2011 , PNSY Shipyard workers successfully undock the " San Juan " one day early from the overhaul . The shipyard is a field activity of Naval Sea Systems Command to maximizing the material readiness of the Fleet . Submarine Group Two complement . The other ships along with the " San Juan " are : References . < br > < br >
HNoMS Stord ( G26 ) HNoMS " Stord was an S - class destroyer that served with the Royal Norwegian Navy during and after World War II . She was laid down as HMS " Success , but transferred to the Norwegians before completion . She was renamed HNoMS " Stord " when commissioned into the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy on 26 August 1943 under the command of Lt . - Cdr . Skule Storheill . " Stord " served in the Home Fleet in the 23rd Destroyer Flotilla . She played an important role in the sinking of the German battleship " Scharnhorst " . After the battle , Admiral Fraser sent the following message to the Admiralty : " . . . Please convey to the C - in - C Norwegian Navy . " Stord " played a very daring role in the fight and I am very proud of her . . . " . In an interview in " The Evening News " on 5 February 1944 the commanding officer of HMS " Duke of York " said : " . . . the Norwegian destroyer " Stord " carried out the most daring attack of the whole action . . . " . In 1944 she also took part in the Normandy landings . " Stord " was officially purchased from the UK government in 1946 and scrapped in Belgium in 1959 . A model of " Stord " ( approximately 300 : 1 ) can be seen in the D - Day museum at Arromanche , Normandy .
69th Air Division The 69th Air Division ( 69th AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with Tactical Air Command , assigned to Ninth Air Force , being stationed at Greater Pittsburgh Airport , Pennsylvania . It was inactivated on 24 June 1949 . Activated in China in 1943 , the wing engaged in sea sweeps and attacks against Japanese inland shipping . Between late 1943 and 1945 its units bombed and strafed such targets as trains , harbors , railroads in French Indochina , and the Canton Hong Kong area of South China . These units also provided air support to Chinese ground troops . Fighter aircraft defended Allied air bases , the eastern terminus of The Hump air bridge , and the bases in the area of Kunming and attacked bridges , oil and gas storage facilities , supply dumps , convoys , and enemy troop concentrations . After the Japanese surrender , the 69th ' s troop carrier aircraft ferried troops and supplies in China , helped to evacuate prisoners of war , and flew mercy missions in China , French Indochina , and Manchuria . It activated in the Reserves in 1947 and performed training duties until June 1949 .
206th Independent Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) 206th Independent Infantry Brigade was a Home Defence formation of the British Army during World War II . Origin . The brigade was formed under the title of 206th Independent Infantry Brigade ( Home ) for service in the United Kingdom on 12 October 1940 by amalgamation of Headquarters Lothian Sub - Area and No 6 Infantry Training Group in Scottish Command . It originally comprised three newly - raised infantry battalions and one Territorial Army machine gun battalion that had seen service in the Battle of France . Composition . The composition of 206th Bde was as follows : Commanders . The commanders of 206th Bde were : Service . During its service the brigade came under the administrative control of several higher formations : Scottish Command ( until 16 December 1940 ) , 44th ( Home Counties ) Division ( 17 December 1940 – 23 February 1941 ) , 56th ( London ) Division ( 23 February – 14 November 1941 ) , 46th Division ( 14 November 1941 – 2 July 1942 , 20 August – 30 November 1942 ) , North Kent and Surrey Area ( 3 July – 19 August 1942 ) , 43rd ( Wessex ) Division ( 1 December 1942 – 19 May 1943 ) , Hampshire and Dorset District ( 20 May – 5 October 1943 ) . The brigade remained in the UK throughout its service . The brigade was re - designated 206th Independent Infantry Brigade in December 1941 . Brigade headquarters was disbanded on 6 October 1943 .
USS Wild Goose ( SP - 562 ) USS " Wild Goose " ( SP - 562 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1920 . " Wild Goose " was built as a wooden - hulled civilian screw steamer of the same name by the Gas Engine and Power Company and Charles L . Seabury Company at Morris Heights in the Bronx , New York , in 1913 to a design by Charles L . Seabury . On 21 April 1917 , the U . S . Navy took delivery of her from her owner , Charles L . Harding of Boston , Massachusetts , for use as a section patrol craft during World War I . After fitting out for naval use , she was commissioned as USS " Wild Goose " ( SP - 562 ) on 25 June 1917 . Assigned to the 1st Naval District , " Wild Goose " carried out patrol duties in northern New England until transferred to the 5th Naval District in the Hampton Roads , Virginia , area at an unrecorded date . She is known to have been operating in the 5th Naval District in November 1918 . The Navy retained " Wild Goose " after the end of World War I . She is known to have been stationed at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington , D . C . as of 1 October 1919 . On 21 June 1920 , the Navy loaned her to the City of Norfolk , Virginia , which later returned her to the Navy . The Navy placed " Wild Goose " on the sale list on 24 August 1920 . She was sold on 17 November 1920 . " Wild Goose " should not be confused with another section patrol vessel , , which was in commission at the same time .
Siege of IJsseloord The Siege of IJsseloord or the Capture of Arnhem was a siege that took place between the 6 and 15 October 1585 at Arnhem ( Gelderland in the Netherlands ) during the Eighty Years ' War and the Anglo - Spanish War ( 1585 – 1604 ) . The Dutch and English were victorious when the sconce of Ijsseloord after seven days capitulated and Arnhem fell into their hands . The English under Queen Elizabeth I had just signed the treaty of Nonsuch in August and as such the English contingent was enlarged and put under temporary command of John Norreys . After crossing the English channel they joined the States troops of Adolf van Nieuwenaar then headed towards Arnhem with 2 , 500 men where they intended to retake a sconce called IJsseloord . In the 16th century Ijsseloord was a point that connected the Rhine and the IJssel and as such it was a strategic point running towards Zutphen and Deventer . Siege . In 1585 , the Spanish commander Francisco Verdugo had taken the sconce , so Adolf van Nieuwenaar with John Norreys appeared on 6 October that year with eighteen companies of English and German soldiers that soon surrounded the area and began their siege . Almost immediately the besiegers began a bombardment with nine guns from two directions from the sides of Betuwe and the forested hill of Veluwe . However , the besieged recovered quickly from this shelling and managed to repel an attack killing Captain Willem van Doorn but the Spanish success was short lived . On 15 October the Dutch and English had received reinforcements of three ships which included 500 soldiers . They bombarded the sconce again and left two ships adrift , to cause some distraction and it was here Thomas Vavasour distinguished himself . When the besiegers were preparing for an assault , the Spaniards realized that their position was hopeless and decided to negotiate a surrender to which Nieuwenaar and Norreys agreed . Francisco Verdrugo managed to get near the siege positions hoping to save the situation but it was too late and with the siege over the Spanish garrison were allowed to leave with their colors , arms and full armor . With the sconce captured Arnhem ultimately fell into the Dutch and English hands and the following day the magistrate of Arnhem donated Nieuwenaar a silver chalice for the service rendered . Norreys however continued forward despite the weather and headed towards Nijmegen but the Duke of Parma intercepted him and Norreys was able to defeat him just before the city and both returned to winter quarters . The sconce remained in Dutch hands until August 1626 when Count Van den Bergh took it again for Spain after his failed attempt at relief during the Siege of ' s - Hertogenbosch . Today the sconce at Arnhem is in ruins and very little remains as a main road and rail line intercede it .
Battle of Guju The Battle of Guju , which occurred in 1019 , was the major battle during the Third Goryeo - Khitan War ( 1018 - 1019 ) . After crossing the Aprok River , the Khitan troops invaded Goryeo . But the Goryeo general Gang Gam - chan dammed a stream and released it as the Khitan troops were crossing . Despite of suffering significant casualties , some Khitan troops marched to Gaegyeong , the capital of Goryeo . During their campaign general Gang Gam - chan cut the supplies of the Khitan troops and harassed them relentlessly . Exhausted , the Khitan troops decided to retreat hastily northward . Monitoring the movement of their troops , general Gang Gam - chan attacked them in the vicinity of Guju , ending in a complete victory to the Goryeo Dynasty . Aftermath . After the battle , peace negotiations followed and the Khitan did not invade Goryeo anymore . Goryeo entered in a long and peaceful period with their foreign neighbours across the Aprok river . The victory at the battle of Hong - Hwa - Jin is today called one of the three greatest military victories ( other victories are Battle of Salsu and Battle of Hansando ) in Korean history .
Springfield Model 1870 The Springfield Model 1870 was one of several model " trapdoor Springfields " , which used the trapdoor breechblock design developed by Erskine S . Allin . The Model 1870 was a minor improvement to the Springfield Model 1868 , and retained most of the Model 1868 ' s features . Note : Springfield Model 1870 may also refer to the The Springfield Rolling Block U . S . Navy Rifle , employing the Remington Arms Company rolling block design , and manufactured under a royalty agreement with Remington , for use by the United States Navy as a shipboard small arm . Variants . The trapdoor Springfields had originally been designed as an inexpensive method of converting Springfield Model 1863 muskets into breech loading rifles , which dramatically improved their rate of fire from about four shots per minute to about a dozen shots per minute . The original trapdoor Springfields had replaced only the firing mechanism , and had used a barrel liner to reduce the caliber from . 58 to . 50 . This barrel liner proved to be unreliable in the field , and later trapdoor Springfields , like the model 1870 , abandoned the barrel liner method and used newly manufactured barrels instead . There were two versions of the Springfield Model 1870 , which differed slightly from each other . The first version was produced in 1870 and 1871 . The rear sight was improved , and the receiver was shortened to create the Model 1870 receiver . The rear sight on the first Model 1870 was almost against the receiver . 1 , 000 of these rifles were manufactured . The second version was produced in 1872 and 1873 . In this version the rear sight was moved up so that it was about half an inch away from the receiver . This version also featured a double shouldered ramrod , which differed from the first Model 1870 that had used the Model 1868 ' s ramrod . The second version Model 1870s also had a long high arch on the underside of the breech block , which differed from the first version which had a shorter arch identical to the Model 1868 . 10 , 000 of the second version were manufactured . A shorter carbine version was also produced in 1871 . Approximately 350 of these were manufactured . All Model 1870 Springfields ( the carbine version as well as both versions of the rifle ) used the . 50 - 70 - 450 cartridge . Notable Uses . Wild Bill Hickok , the famous gunfighter , used a variant of the Springfield Model 1870 . The " Hickok rifle " has a 29 5 / 8 inch barrel , which is longer than the carbine version ' s barrel and shorter than the rifle version ' s barrel , and also has a Kentucky rifle style sloped butt . The trapdoor mechanism is stamped with the year 1870 , and the lockplate is stamped with the year 1863 , indicating that this rifle was originally produced as a Model 1863 musket and was later converted as part of the Model 1870 manufacturing . The name " J . B . Hickok " was carved into the stock using a sharp knife . Hickok was buried with this rifle in 1876 . However , when he was reburied in Mount Moriah in 1879 , someone removed the rifle from his coffin .
Distributed Training Operations Center The Distributed Training Operations Center ( DTOC ) is the Iowa Air National Guard center for Distributed Mission Operations located in Des Moines , Iowa ( USA ) . Distributed Mission Operations , or DMO , is a component of the Air Force Training Transformation initiative . The center organizes DMO events primarily for Iowa Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command pilots . It enables pilots from throughout the United States and the world to train together in a virtual world for combat missions . The DTOC facilitates training between Iowa Air National Guard fighter pilots and warfighters in the U . S . Army , Air Force Reserve , Navy , and other forces . The National Guard and Reserve Equipment Report for Fiscal Year 2008 , reports that the " ANG established the first Distributed Warfare Detachment in the Air Force at the 132 FW to house the Distributed Training Operation Center ( DTOC ) . The DTOC ’ s one - of - a - kind capabilities and mission will grow to keep pace with the scope of Distributed Mission Operations ( DMO ) in the Air Force over the next four years . As the Guard ’ s DMO lynchpin , the DTOC will provide the operational environment for a virtual battlespace linking a wide array of high fidelity flight and mission crew simulators . The DTOC is responsible for all network management , event control , scenario development , unit DMO scheduling , remote maintenance , remote instruction , and realistic threat insertion . In addition , the DTOC manages the distributed network called ARCNET . The Mission Training Engineering Center ( MTEC ) , collocated with the AF Research Laboratory ( AFRL ) , Mesa , AZ , coordinates technology programs with AFRL , and acts as the engineering focal point for the ARC to exploit and transition leading edge technology into hardware or software solutions . "