naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Buffavento Castle Buffavento Castle is located in the Kyrenia mountain range , in Northern Cyprus . Its name is Italian and means , “ Defier of the Winds ” , reflecting that the winds at its location at 950 metres above sea level can reach quite a high velocity . The castle is irregular in shape as it makes use of the mountain itself for its defense . Buffavento stands between St . Hilarion Castle to the west and Kantara Castle to the east , all of which were built as a defense against Arab raids . As both of the other castles are visible from Buffavento , it was used to pass signals between them . It also controlled an important pass through the mountains . It was used as a prison in the 14th century . The lowest part of the castle was probably built by the Byzantines in the 11th century . The Lusignan s expanded the castle in the 14th century . During the Venetian control of the island , Buffavento fell into disuse as the Venetians saw the coastal castles of Cyprus , such as Kyrenia and Famagusta , as more important .
Cemetery Sangro River Cemetery Sangro River ( ) is a British and Commonwealth war cemetery sited by a hillside near Torino di Sangro in the Province of Chieti , Italy . In this cemetery are buried 2 , 616 soldiers from the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth who died in World War II defending the shoreline near the Sangro River against the retreating German soldiers on the Winter Line . The marble gravestones are arranged in such a way as to form a kind of amphitheatre . A path follows a row of magnolia s to the " Croce del Sacrificio " ( ) ( " Cross of Sacrifice " ) . Another path follows a hawthorn hedge to the " Porta della Rimembranza " ( ) ( " Door of Remembrance " ) . The numbers of burials are as follows : An inscription records that the cremated remains of a further 517 dead from India are also here .
382nd Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 382nd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the United States Army . The unit served as a reserve regiment until it was called to active duty during World War II , whereupon it saw action in the Pacific theater as part of the 96th Infantry Division . The unit returned to reserve status after the war until being deactivated in 1952 . Service history . The 382nd Infantry Regiment was first constituted on September 5 , 1918 , in the National Army and assigned to the 96th Division . It was demobilized less than three months later , on November 30 , 1918 . The regiment was reconstituted on June 24 , 1921 , in the Organized Reserves ( predecessor of the U . S . Army Reserve ) and was assigned to the 96th Division ( later re - designated as the 96th Infantry Division ) . The 382nd was organized in December 1921 with its headquarters at Medford , Oregon . Ordered into active - duty service on August 15 , 1942 , the unit was reorganized at Camp Adair , Oregon , for service in World War II . As part of the 96th Infantry Division , the 382nd participated in the Battle of Leyte from October to December 1944 and the Battle of Okinawa from April to June 1945 . The regiment returned to the U . S . and was inactivated on February 3 , 1946 , at Camp Anza , California . A year later , on January 10 , 1947 , the 382nd Infantry was re - activated into the Organized Reserves ( re - designated as the Army Reserve in 1952 ) with its headquarters at Boise , Idaho . It was inactivated again on March 1 , 1952 , and relieved from its assignment to the 96th Infantry Division . Re - designated on October 17 , 1999 , as the 382nd Regiment , the unit was reorganized to consist of the 1st , 2nd , and 3rd Battalions , elements of the 75th Division ( Training Support ) . Three men earned the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , while serving with the 382nd Infantry . These were Private First Class Clarence B . Craft of Company G , for assaulting Japanese - held Hen Hill on Okinawa ; Private Ova A . Kelley of Company A , mortally wounded after leading an attack during the Battle of Leyte ; and First Lieutenant Seymour W . Terry of Company B , mortally wounded during the fight for Zebra Hill on Okinawa .
Edward B . Cole Edward Ball Cole ( September 23 , 1879 - June 18 , 1918 ) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps during World War I . He was a leading expert on machine guns ; he was killed in action during the Battle of Belleau Wood . Biography . Cole was born in on September 23 , 1879 in Boston , Massachusetts . He graduated from Harvard University in 1902 , where he was a member of the Owl Club . Cole was one of the United States ' leading experts on machine gun s and had published several articles and a book on the subject — " Field Book for Machine Gunners " ( 1917 ) . He received a direct commission in the Marine Corps in World War I . Cole received the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism during the Battle of Belleau Wood in which he was mortally wounded on June 10 , 1918 . On that day , while he was leading an attack on enemy machine guns a German hand grenade wounded him in the foot . When a second grenade landed in front of him , he grabbed it to throw it back and protect his men — it exploded in his hand . He crawled back to his men under rifle fire . He died from his wounds on June 18 , 1918 , in a field hospital near Coulommiers , France , with his brother , U . S . Army Brigadier General Charles H . Cole at his side . He is buried in the Aisne - Marne Cemetery , Belleau , France . His decorations included the Navy Cross , the Distinguished Service Cross ; as well as the French Légion d ' Honneur and the Croix de Guerre . Citations . For his actions on June 10 , 1918 during the Battle of Belleau Wood , Cole received both the Navy Cross and the Army Distinguished Service Cross . Cole ' s Navy Cross citation reads : His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads : Namesake . The destroyer USS " Cole " ( DD - 155 ) was named for him . ( The guided missile destroyer USS " Cole " ( DDG - 67 ) was named for a different Cole : Darrell S . Cole . )
Australian military involvement in peacekeeping Australian military involvement in peacekeeping operations has been diverse , and included participation in both United Nations sponsored missions , as well as those as part of ad hoc coalitions . Indeed Australians have been involved in more conflicts as peacekeepers than as belligerents , however " in comparative international terms , Australia has only been a moderately energetic peacekeeper . " To be sure even though Australia has had peacekeepers in the field continuously for 60 years – being in Indonesia in 1947 among the very first group of UN military observers – its commitments have generally been limited , consisting of small numbers of high - level and technical support troops ( e . g . signals , engineers or medical units ) or observers and police . Horner noted that the pattern changed with the deployment of 600 engineers to Namibia in 1989 – 90 as the Australian contribution to UNTAG . From the mid - 1990s , Australia has been involved in a series of high - profile operations , deploying significantly large units of combat troops in support of a number of missions including those in Cambodia , Rwanda , Somalia and later in East Timor . Australia has been involved in close to 100 separate missions , involving more than 30 , 000 personnel and 10 Australians have died during these operations . Overview . Australians have been involved in the following peacekeeping operations : Notably , six multinational operations have been commanded by Australians : References . < br >
Hermann Bracher Dr . agrar . Hermann Julius Bracher ( 28 September 1895 – 29 October 1974 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the German military during World War I and in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battle field bravery or successful military leadership . Hermann Bracher was captured by Soviet troops during Operation Bagration in 1944 . He was a prisoner of war in the Soviet forced labour camp Vorkuta ( " Воркута " ) north of the Polar circle in Siberia . Unlike most of his fellow prisoners , he survived and returned home to his wife and four children to Tübingen on January 2 , 1954 .
Chander Prakash Chander Prakash Wadhwa ( 1953 ) is an Indian Lt . General who was Force Commander of MONUSCO , the United Nations mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . He served from August 2010 until 31 March 2013 . Biography . Chander Prakash joined the Indian Army in June 1973 . From 1989 to 1990 he served as a military observer for the UNIIMOG mission in Iraq and Iran . He has also commanded a mountain division and a counter insurgency brigade . From January 2005 until February 2008 he was the military attaché of the Indian Embassy in Paris , France . His responsibilities included defensive cooperation with France and the Benelux - countries . He later became Additional Directorate General of Staff Duties at the Indian Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence , where he was responsible for the peacekeeping operations of India . MONUSCO . Chander Prakash was appointed as Force Commander of MONUSCO in August 2010 , he succeeded Babacar Gaye . He himself was succeeded by Brazilian Lt . General Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz in March 2013 .
Wilhelm Stäglich Wilhelm Stäglich ( 11 November 1916 – 5 April 2006 ) was a World War II army officer , later a financial judge in Hamburg , and a prominent Holocaust denier . In 1974 a disciplinary hearing was enacted against Stäglich , then a financial judge , owing to his membership of the far - right NPD party and his incessant publications in far - right magazines ; the result was a forced early retirement with a reduced pension for five years . In 1979 the Tübingen - based Grabert published Stäglich ' s book " Der Auschwitz - Mythos - Legend e oder Wirklichkeit " ( " The Auschwitz Myth - Legend or Reality " ) , in which he denied the existence of gas chamber s in the Nazi concentration camp s and death camp s , and claimed that all documents relating to the Holocaust were forgeries . As early as 1980 this book was seized nationwide on the order of the state court of Stuttgart , and in 1982 it was placed on a list of materials that may not be distributed to young readers , following a decision by Germany ' s Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons . The decision to confiscate the book was upheld by the Federal Court of Justice in 1983 . Following this , the University of Göttingen enacted proceedings against Stäglich in order to formally disaccredit the doctoral degree he had earned there in 1951 . Eckhard Jesse , a German political scientist and authority on radical politics , has defended the publication of the book " The Auschwitz Myth " . Stäglich , he says , was stripped of his doctoral title because it was deemed to be undeserved , following a law dating from 1939 . Jesse : " " Even those who see his work as anti - Semitic – and here comes the warning – must question these decisions for two reasons . Firstly it is patronising to the public , who are assumed to lack judgement , hardly evidence of liberality ; second , the far - right sees the decision as an affirmation , and outsiders might also believe , that there ' must be something ' to Stäglich ' s arguments . You get the impression an example is being made [ of Stäglich ] . " " Stäglich appeared together with Jürgen Rieger as a speaker at a far - right event commemorating the Holocaust denier Thies Christophersen , who died in 1997 .
Sunthorn Kongsompong General Sunthorn Kongsompong ( 1931 - 1999 ) was the " de facto " head of government of Thailand from 1991 - 1992 , following a military coup d ' etat led by Sunthorn and General Suchinda Kraprayoon deposed the government of Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan on February 23 , 1991 . The generals accused Chatichai of corruption , and established the National Peacekeeping Council ( NPKC ) as an interim administration , with Sunthorn as chairman . Anand Panyarachun was appointed Prime Minister in March , but the administration of the country was also executed by the NPKC . Sunthorn left the political office following the May 1992 constitution promulgation , which prohibited members of the military from executing the office of the Prime Minister . Following his death due to cancer , a scandal arose over the distribution of his estate . He decided to leave most of his fortune of approximately US $ 150 million to his mistress . His wife sued to have the decision declared void . However , questions arose on how a general earning a little over US $ 1 , 000 a month could accumulate such a large personal fortune . The case led to the investigation of other generals , politicians , and businessmen into possible money laundering and corruption . It is said that the general also had close relationship with Thaksin Shinawatra , ousted prime minister in another 2006 coup .
USNS Sgt . George Peterson ( T - AK - 248 ) USNS " Sgt . George Peterson " ( T - AK - 248 ) was an " Alamosa " - class cargo ship of the United States Navy . Originally planned as USS " Washtenaw " ( AK - 218 ) , the contract for building was canceled by the Navy in August 1945 . The ship , however , was completed as SS " Coastal Guide . She was later acquired by the U . S . Army , 23 June 1948 , and renamed USAT " Sgt . George Peterson . And , 1 March 1950 she was reacquired by the Navy and placed in service by the Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) as USNS " Sgt . George Peterson " ( T - AK - 248 ) . She remained with the Navy until struck in 1977 . Service career . " Sgt . George Peterson " , originally projected as " Washtenaw " , but built as " Coastal Guide " , was laid down under a U . S . Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 2172 ) on 9 March 1945 by the Leathern D . Smith Shipbuilding Co . , Sturgeon Bay , Wisconsin ; launched on 13 May 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . L . R . Sanford ; and delivered to the War Shipping Administration on 16 July 1945 . Subsequently operated by the United Fruit Company and the Polaris SS Co . , Inc . , " Coastal Guide " was transferred to the U . S . Army on 23 June 1948 ; renamed " Sgt . George Peterson " . and operated by the Army Transportation Service . She was transferred to the Navy in July 1950 and placed in service as USNS " Sgt . George Peterson " ( T - AK - 248 ) . The cargo ship then commenced eight years of operations in the Gulf of Mexico , in the Caribbean , and along the southeastern seaboard of the United States for the Military Sea Transportation Service . During that period , she interrupted her regular service only once — to carry supplies north to arctic stations in the summer of 1955 . Early in 1959 , the AK was ordered inactivated ; and , in March , she was placed out of service at New Orleans , Louisiana . At mid - month , she was towed to Mobile , Alabama , where , on the 27th , she was transferred to the U . S . Maritime Administration and berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet . She remained in reserve at Mobile until sold for non - transportation use in December 1971 . Honors and awards . Qualified personnel were eligible for the following :
Yu Qian Yu Qian ( ) ( 1398 – 1457 ) , a native of Qiantang ( modern - day Hangzhou , Zhejiang province ) , was a Chinese Defence Minister during the Ming dynasty . Biography . He is best known for saving China when the Zhengtong Emperor fought the Mongol leader Esen Tayisi in 1449 and was taken prisoner at the Tumu Crisis . The Mongol armies came within 80 km of the capital Beijing at which point the Jingtai Emperor was installed as ruler of China . Yu Qian , as the de facto Defence Minister , took control of troops , repelling the Mongol invasion . After the Zhengtong Emperor was released and his plot to regain the throne succeeded , Yu was slandered as a traitor and executed along with many of the highly ranked officials in the Jingtai Emperor regime , but his rank was restored posthumously . He is considered by many to be a Chinese hero .
Arcturus - class attack cargo ship The " Arcturus " - class attack cargo ship s were converted from other ship types by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co . in Chester , Pennsylvania , Tampa Shipbuilding Co . in Tampa , Florida , and Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co . in Kearny , New Jersey during World War II . Like all AKA ' s , they were designed to carry combat loaded military cargo and landing craft , and to use the latter to land weapons , supplies , and troops on enemy shores during amphibious operations . All these ships were built on the same standard hull design , but there were some differences from ship to ship : The armament varied , as did that of the other ships of the day . During 1944 - 1945 , the 5 " / 38 was recognized as the best gun for the dual role of antiaircraft and naval gunfire support , and the 40 mm was seen as the best antiaircraft gun . The older 20 mm and . 50 caliber guns had been recognized to be of limited value , and were being phased out , though they appeared on some of these ships . The 20 mm ' s were later removed from all of them , but it is not clear just when this happened . The complement varied as well , but the DANFS figures sometimes seem to confuse ship ' s company with embarked troops in determining a ship ' s complement .
Chips ( dog ) Chips the dog was the most decorated war dog from World War II . Chips was a German Shepherd - Collie - Siberian Husky mix owned by Edward J . Wren of Pleasantville , NY . During the war , private citizens like Wren donated their dogs for duty . Chips shipped out to the War Dog Training Center , Front Royal , Virginia , in 1942 for training as a sentry dog . He served with the 3rd Infantry Division in North Africa , Sicily , Italy , France and Germany . His handler was Pvt . John P . Rowell . Chips served as a sentry dog for the Roosevelt - Churchill conference in 1943 . Later that year , during the invasion of Sicily , Chips and his handler were pinned down on the beach by an Italian machine - gun team . Chips broke from his handler and jumped into the pillbox , attacking the gunners . The four crewmen were forced to leave the pillbox and surrendered to US troops . In the fight he sustained a scalp wound and powder burn s . Later that day , he helped take 10 Italians prisoner . For his actions during the war , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross , Silver Star , and Purple Heart ; however , these awards were later revoked due to an Army policy preventing official commendation of animals . His unit unofficially awarded him a Theater Ribbon with an Arrowhead for an assault landing , and Battlestars for each of his eight campaigns . Chips was discharged in December 1945 and returned to the Wren family . In 1990 , Disney made a TV movie based on his life , entitled " Chips , the War Dog " .
Kultaranta The Kultaranta ( Swedish " Gullranda " ; " Golden beach " ) is the summer residence of the President of Finland . It is located in the district of Kultaranta on the island of Luonnonmaa , in Naantali . The granite manor house is surrounded by 560 , 000 square metres of park , belonging to the property . The President of the Republic ' s summer residence , Kultaranta , stands in beautiful 54 - hectare grounds in Naantali on the southwest coast . As well as the granite - built house , the complex includes numerous outbuildings and greenhouses , and a well - tended park . Kultaranta ' s original owner was the businessman Alfred Kordelin , who had a manor house built for himself in 1914 . It was designed by the famous architect , Lars Sonck . When Kordelin died in 1917 the manor ' s ownership shifted to the University of Turku and , in 1922 , the Finnish Parliament voted to acquire it for use as the president ' s summer residence . The ground floor contains the reception rooms and private apartments . Upstairs are the bedrooms and guestrooms . Marble steps lead from the ground floor to the tower , from which there is a magnificent view of Naantali and the inshore islands . The parks around the manor , containing approximately a thousand square metres of greenhouse and a garden with 3 , 500 rose s called " Medaljonki " ( ' medallion ' ) , are open to the public . The scent and colour of these roses are at their peak in the middle of the summer , when the President and family and their guests come to Naantali for the holidays . Tours in the garden are organised by the City of Naantali ' s tourist service . Kultaranta ' s Park is a kind of mini - Versailles . The parkland to the north of Kultaranta is in practically a natural state , though a few sandy pathways have been built there , and the woodland is kept in good condition . Kultaranta has about 1 , 000 square metres of greenhouses . The garden supplies the President ' s household with both flowers and vegetables all year round .
Franc - archer The Franc - archer was the first attempt at the formation of regular infantry in France . They were created by the ordinance of Montils - les - tours on the 28th of August 1448 , which prescribed that in each parish an archer should be chosen from among the most apt in the use of arms ; this archer to be exempt from the " taille " and certain obligations , to practise shooting with the bow on Sundays and feast - day s , and to hold himself ready to march fully equipped at the first signal . Under Charles VII the " francs - archers " distinguished themselves in numerous battles with the English , and assisted the king to drive them from France . During the succeeding reigns the institution languished , and finally disappeared in the middle of the 16th century . Franc - archers in literature . The franc - archers was a stock figure of fun in literary satire as early as the late 15th century . In these satires the franc - archer is portrayed as vainglorious , cowardly and militarily useless . The " francs - archers " were nicknamed " francs - taupins " , meaning either " free - moles " or " free - beetles " .
António Manoel de Vilhena António Manoel de Vilhena ( 28 May 1663 – 10 December 1736 ) was the 66th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta from 19 June 1722 to his death in 1736 . Manoel de Vilhena was a Portuguese aristocrat of royal descent , son of Dom Sancho Manoel de Vilhena , 1st Count de Vila Flor , and first wife Ana de Noronha , and a remote uncle of the Duke of Terceira . Although most Grand Masters of the Order of Saint John were known to keep aloof from the Maltese populace , Vilhena was loved by the Maltese as he strived to better their lot and also set up a number of charitable institutions . To meet the demand for housing and accommodation in Valletta he laid the plans for the building of a suburb in the neighbourhood , Floriana , where his statue still stands today in Pope John XXIII Square . He built Fort Manoel in Marsamxett Creek . In 1731 , he built the Manoel Theatre which is believed to be the second oldest theatre in Europe and is still in use today . His tomb in the Knights ' Cathedral St John ' s Co - Cathedral is considered the largest and most sumptuous of all the Grand Masters ' tombs . Motifs from de Vilhena ' s coat of arms are still used today in the coat of arms of Floriana :