naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bumbar The BUMBAR ( English : Bumble Bee ) is a short - range portable anti - tank missile system developed and produced by Serbia . Description . Bumbar ( ) is an anti - armor ( tank ) weapon from Serbia . The Bumbar is a wire guided , man - portable , short - ranged missile system for use against ground targets . The missile has a soft launch capability - the main motor firing after the missile has left the launcher , which allows for the missile to be fired from confined spaces , which is a necessity in urban warfare . During the flight rocket is maneuvered by unique system of thrust vectoring . The missile is propelled by two main rocket motor exhaust vanes located at mid body . As the missile rotates the launch units send signals commanding the correction by one of the two vanes to move against the missile motors thrust . For example if the missile has to move to the left , the right thrust vector vane will actuate at the correct time . It is protected against electronic countermeasures through : " Use of CCD matrix sensors , fast image processing computer and robust missile tracer recognition algorithm . " Its general design is similar to the French / Canadian ERYX MBDA anti - tank missile . However MBDA has never supplied Serbia or the former Yugoslavia with technical information regarding the Eryx . All key comopnents of the Bumbar system are indigenously developed by VTI - Military Technical Institute Belgrade Serbia . See also . ERYX Gallery . Bumble Bee in action watch http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = vGKf _ hIcsDI
Battle of Oltu The Battle of Oltu was actually two battles , the first ( 18 June to 25 June 1920 ) was a battle between Armenian troops and local Turkish militia in Oltu district , Georgia . And the second was when Turkish troops drove Armenian troops out of Oltu district on 3 – 5 September 1920 . Background . World War I was over and the Ottoman Empire had lost . The Russian Empire had come apart in the Russian Civil War with separate governments being formed in Georgia and Armenia . The Treaty of Sèvres which established the new boundaries for the Ottoman Empire had not yet been signed . The district of Oltu , known then as Ardahan - Olty , was annexed by Russia in 1878 , attached to Georgia , which assumed de jure authority over it when they claimed independence on May 26 , 1918 . Democratic Republic of Armenia was proclaimed two days later , on May 28 , 1918 . First battle . The conflict arose when the Democratic Republic of Georgia failed to maintain control over their westernmost province , the district of Oltu , and local Muslim warlords assumed control in their stead . The local Turkish tribes had skirmished with Armenian border troops , and as a result the local Armenian commander initiated a punitive expedition into the Oltu district . On 16 June 1920 Armenian forces invaded the Oltu district and annexed to DRA . Meanwhile the Treaty of Sèvres was signed confirming the validity of the Armenian state , but giving Armenia much less territory than originally proposed by Woodrow Wilson . Second battle . In August , the Armenian government attempted to occupy the Oltu district . In response , General Kâzım Karabekir led four Turkish battalions into the district on September 3 and drove the Armenians out . Karabekir then pushed into the Democratic Republic of Armenia on September 20 prompting the Armenian government to declare war on Turkey four days later .
Harold K . Hoskins Harold K . Hoskins , Sr . ( 15 February 1927 – 1 May 2012 ) was an American pilot and Tuskegee Airman who was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2007 . He trained during World War II and served during the Korean War and the Vietnam War . In 1945 , he joined the U . S . Army at age 18 and learned to fly at Alabama ' s Tuskegee Army Air Field . In 1971 , he retired as a U . S . Air Force lieutenant colonel after logging 9500 flight hours . Hoskins later become assistant vice president of student affairs at California State University in Hayward .
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System The Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System ( JWICS pronounced JAYwicks ) , is a system of interconnected computer networks primarily used by the United States Department of Defense , United States Department of State , United States Department of Homeland Security and the United States Department of Justice to transmit classified information by packet switching over TCP / IP in a secure environment . It is administered by the Defense Intelligence Agency . It is cleared up to Top Secret and SCI . It also provides services such as hypertext documents and electronic mail . In other words , the JWICS is the DoD ’ s Top Secret version of the Internet together with its Secret counterpart , " SIPRNet " . JWICS superseded the earlier DSNET2 and DSNET3 , the Top Secret and SCI levels of the Defense Data Network based on ARPANET technology . In day - to - day usage , the JWICS is used primarily within the intelligence community , with SIPRNet and NIPRNet comprising the overwhelming bulk of usage within US DoD . JWICS was allegedly one of the networks accessed by Chelsea Manning ( formerly Bradley ) , who in 2010 leaked massive amounts of classified material , including the video used in Wikileaks ' Collateral murder and US diplomatic cables .
Patrick McHale Patrick McHale VC ( 1826 – 26 October 1866 ) was born in Killala , County Mayo and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was approximately 31 years old , and a private in the 1st Battalion , 5th Regiment of Foot ( later The Northumberland Fusiliers ) British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place for which he was awarded the VC : Further information . He died at Shorncliff , Kent on 26 October 1866 and was buried at Shorncliffe Military Cemetery , near Folkestone , Kent , England . Section I - Upper Right . Headstone . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed in the Northumberland Fusiliers Museum at Alnwick Castle , Northumberland , England . References . Listed in order of publication year
Burma Star The Burma Star was a campaign medal of the British Commonwealth , awarded for service in World War II . The medal was awarded for service in the Burma Campaign between 11 December 1941 and 2 September 1945 . This medal was also awarded for certain specified service in China , Hong Kong , Malaya and Sumatra : Second World War service in China , Hong Kong , Malaya and Sumatra after 8 December 1941 but prior to the above start dates was recognised by the award of the Pacific Star . British uniform regulations stipulated that the Pacific Star would not be awarded to a prior recipient of the Burma Star . Subsequent entitlement to the Pacific Star was denoted by the award of the Pacific clasp . Entitlement to wear the Burma Star or the Burma Star clasp on the Pacific Star also enables the wearer to join the Burma Star Association . Clasps . When the ribbon is worn alone a silver rosette ribbon emblem is worn to denote the award of a clasp .
Armistice of Mudros The Armistice of Moudros ( ) , concluded on 30 October 1918 , ended the hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I . It was signed by the Ottoman Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough - Calthorpe , on board HMS " Agamemnon " in Moudros harbor on the Greek island of Lemnos . As part of several conditions to the armistice , the Ottomans surrendered their remaining garrisons outside Anatolia , as well as granted the Allies the right to occupy forts controlling the Straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus ; and the right to occupy " in case of disorder " any Ottoman territory in case of a threat to security . The Ottoman army was demobilized , and all ports , railways , and other strategic points were made available for use by the Allies . In the Caucasus , the Ottomans had to retreat to within the pre - war borders between the Ottoman and the Russian Empires . The armistice was followed with occupation of Constantinople and subsequent partitioning of the Ottoman Empire . The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920 ) followed the armistice , but this treaty was not enacted due to the outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence .
Yahya Kanu Colonel Yahya Kanu ( born in Magburaka , Tonkolili District , Sierra Leone ) Kanu was a loyalist to president Joseph Saidu Momoh , and his position in the coup is unclear . He was first reported by Reuters to have led the coup , but that same day he went onto the BBC ' s " Focus on Africa " to deny that role , claiming instead that he was attempting to negotiate with the mutineers . He was imprisoned by Valentine Strasser , who eventually took power in the coup . Kanu was later executed by Valentine Strasser , Solomon Musa and Idriss Kamara on a beach near Freetown , after being accused of organizing a counter - coup with All People ' s Congress supporter Bambay Kamara . The pair were at the time interred in the Pademba Road jail in Freetown . The British - trained Kanu had won a reputation as one of the most dynamic battlefront commanders during the war that broke out when Revolutionary United Front rebels of Foday Sankoh crossed into Sierra Leone in 1991 from part of Liberia under the control of the Liberian rebel leader Charles Taylor . After the rebels approached the eastern Sierra Leone city of Kenema in mid - 1991 , they were pushed back by Kanu ' s Cobra battalion with the help of Liberian irregular forces , mostly refugees from Samuel Doe ' s army , who went on to become a component of ULIMO . The combined force quickly routed the rebels from the towns of Gandorhun and Zimmi before reaching the Mano River Bridge crossing into Liberia . These gains were lost later in the war as control of towns frequently changed hands , something that battlefront soldiers often blamed on a lack of resources from Freetown . This was a major factor contributing to the 1992 coup .
Willi Eßlinger Willi Eßlinger was a Hauptscharführer in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Hauptscharführer Willi Eßlinger was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in June 1943 while a platoon commander in the 3rd Battery , 5th SS Panzerjager Battalion , 5th SS Panzer Division " Wiking " .
34 ( Northern ) Signal Regiment 34 ( Northern ) Signal Regiment was a Territorial Army regiment in the Royal Corps of Signals in the British Army . The regiment formed part of 12 Signal Group , providing command and control communication for NATO ' s Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps ( ARRC ) . As a result of the Strategic Review of Reserves it was announced on 28 April 2009 that the regiment was to be disbanded The regiment consisted of three squadrons plus the band : Regiments History " Introduction "
203rd Engineer Battalion ( United States ) The 203rd Engineer Battalion is a combat engineer battalion of the Missouri Army National Guard . The 203rd Engineer Combat Battalion can trace its history back to Missouri volunteer militia units that formed in 1883 , when the militia units in southwest Missouri were reorganized into the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the National Guard of Missouri in 1890 and mustered into federal service during the Spanish - American War . The 2nd Missouri Infantry was called up to serve during the Mexican border dispute in 1916 ; redesigned as 128th , 129th , and 130th machine gun battalions in 1917 ; transformed into the 203rd Artillery , Coast Artillery Corps in 1921 ; inducted into federal service in September 1940 ; and was later sent to Alaska for the Aleutian Campaign . History / lineage . Constituted in the Missouri National Guard 28 April 1921 as 2nd Artillery ( AA ) from new and exhisting units as follows - Reorganized 19 April 1924 as 203rd Coast Artillery ( AA ) Inducted into Federal service 16 September 1940 Regiment broken up 12 February 1944 as follows - Units redesignated in 1946 as Follows - 108th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron redesignated 1 November 1949 as 203rd Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion ( mobile ) , reorganized and redesiganted 1 December 1952 as 203rd Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion . redesignated 1 October 1953 as 203rd Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion ( 90mm ) . A houn ’ dawg statant Proper on a gold ribbon scroll bearing the motto “ DON ’ T KICK OUR DOG ” in red . The insignia is made in pairs . The 203d Coast Artillery Regiment was known as “ The Houn ’ Dawg Regiment . ” The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 203d Coast Artillery Regiment on 12 January 1925 . It was amended to have the insignia manufactured in pairs on 18 December 1926 . The insignia was redesignated for the 203d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 10 October 1950 . It was redesignated for the 203d Armor Regiment on 26 October 1961 . It was authorized for the 203d Engineer Battalion on 14 January 1969 .
SCR - 658 radar The SCR - 658 radar was developed in conjunction with the SCR - 268 radar . It was preceded by the SCR - 258 . Its primary purpose was to track weather balloons . Prior to this it was only possible to track weather balloons with a theodolite , causing difficulty with visual tracking in poor weather conditions . The set is small enough to be portable and carried in a Ben Hur trailer . Surviving examples . There is one known survivor at the Air Force museum in Dayton Ohio .
122 Squadron ( Israel ) The 122 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force , also known as the Nahshon Squadron ( former Dakota Squadron ) , is a G550 squadron based at Nevatim Airbase . The Squadron has five G550 ( G550 " Nahshon - Eitam " and G500 " Nahshon - Shavit " ) with two aircraft are used for Airborne early warning and control ( CAEW or Conformal Airborne Early Warning ) and three are used for Signals intelligence ( SEMA or Special Electronic Missions Aircraft ) . The Squardron formerly operated Douglas DC - 3 aircraft until 2000 .
HMHS Llandovery Castle HMHS " Llandovery Castle " , built in 1914 in Glasgow as RMS " Llandovery Castle " for the Union - Castle Line , was a Canadian hospital ship on a voyage from Halifax , Nova Scotia to Liverpool , England that was torpedoed off southern Ireland on 27 June 1918 with the loss of 234 lives . In terms of the number of dead , the sinking was the most significant Canadian naval disaster of WW1 . The incident became renowned as one of the war ’ s worst atrocities . After the war , the case of the Llandovery Castle was one of six British cases presented at the Leipzig trials . The Sinking . Firing at a hospital ship was against international law and standing orders of the Imperial German Navy . The captain of the , Helmut Brümmer - Patzig , sought to destroy the evidence of torpedoing the ship . When the crew took to the lifeboats , , surfaced , ran down all the lifeboats and executed by machine - gunfire the survivors remaining on the water and in the lifeboats . 24 people in one remaining lifeboat survived . They were rescued shortly afterwards and testified as to what had happened . Only 6 of the 97 hospital personnel survived . Among those lost were fourteen nursing sisters from Canada , including the Matron Margaret Marjory ( Pearl ) Fraser from Nova Scotia ( daughter of Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia Duncan Cameron Fraser ) . Survivor Sergeant Aurthur Knight was on board lifeboat # 5 with the nurses . Knight reported : The 24 remaining in the only surviving lifeboat were rescued by the HMS Lysander . Afterward , the HMS Morea steamed through the wreckage . Captain Kenneth Cummins recalled the horror of coming across the nurses ' floating corpses ; The Trial . After the war , in 1921 , the captain of " U - 86 " , Lieutenant Helmut Patzig , and two of his lieutenants , Ludwig Dithmar and John Boldt , were arraigned for trial in Germany on war crime s . The case became famous as one of the " Leipzig trials " . Patzig left the country and avoided extradition ; and though Dithmar and Boldt were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison , they both escaped . At the Court of Appeal , both lieutenants were acquitted on the grounds that the captain was solely responsible . Legacy . The Canadian reaction was typified by Brigadier George Tuxford , a former homesteader from Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan : " Amongst those murdered were two Moose Jaw nurses , Sister Fraser and Sister Gallagher . I gave instructions to the Brigade that the battle cry on the 8th of August ( Battle of Amiens ( 1918 ) ) should be ' Llandovery Castle , ' and that that cry should be the last to ring in the ears of the Hun as the bayonet was driven home . " There is a memorial plaque to Matron Margaret Fraser and the 13 other Canadian nurses sponsored by Lady Dufferin was placed at the Nurses House of the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital in London , England . There is also a memorial plaque to the ship at the Stadacona Hospital , CFB Halifax , Nova Scotia .
Delousing break The Delousing break was a mass escape attempt by allied aircrew officers of British and American nationalities who were held as prisoners of war during the Second World War . It occurred on 12 June 1943 from the North Compound of Stalag Luft III POW Camp in Germany . Main Party . The plan was masterminded by Squadron Leader Roger Bushell RAF , who also organized the Great Escape from the same camp . Twenty - four officers , escorted by two fake guards ( Allied POWs disguised as Germans ) , left the camp through the main gate to proceed to the neighbouring compound to be deloused . All twenty - six escapees were recaptured , many within hours . Twenty - four of them were returned to the camp , but Flight Lieutenant Lorne Welch and Pilot Officer Walter Morison were sent to Oflag IV - C at Colditz for attempting to steal an aircraft . Flying Officer Henry Birkland RCAF and Flight Lieutenant John Stower also took part in this escape attempt ; both were later murdered following the Great Escape in March 1944 . Second Party . A second party of six officers , again escorted by a fake guard ( Flight Lieutenant Bram van der Stok ) , also attempted to escape whilst en route to the neighbouring compound shortly after the main party had left , however , the forged pass carried by Van der Stok was out - dated , and the alarm was raised . This party included RAF fighter ace Wing Commander Robert Stanford Tuck . All participants in the escape were held for a period of time in solitary confinement .
Jerzy Braun Jerzy Braun ( 13 September 1912 – 8 March 1968 ) was a Polish rower who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics . Braun was born in Bydgoszcz and in 1932 he won the silver medal as member of the Polish boat in the coxed pairs competition as well as the bronze medal as member of the Polish boat in the coxed fours competition . Four years later he was part of the Polish boat which was eliminated in the repechage of the coxed pairs event . During World War II he fought in the Polish Armed Forces in the West as an officer in the Second Polish Army Corps . After the war Braun moved to England where he died aged 56 on 8 March 1968 at Crawley , he is buried at Snell Hatch Cemetery in West Green .
Airman Basic Airman basic ( AB ) is the lowest enlisted rank in the United States Air Force ( USAF ) , immediately below airman . The pay grade for airman basic is E - 1 . As opposed to all other USAF enlisted and officer ranks , airman basic has no rank insignia affiliated . The lack of uniform insignia for airmen basic is the reason for the nickname " slick - sleeve " ; all other enlisted Air Force ranks wear stripes and chevrons on their uniform sleeves . In accordance with Air Force Instruction ( AFI ) 36 - 2618 , " The Enlisted Force Structure " , the term of address for an airman basic is " Airman Basic " or " Airman " . History . When the U . S . Air Force was split from the U . S . Army on July 26 , 1947 , it inherited the U . S . Army ' s enlisted ranks ; the lowest U . S . Air Force enlisted rank became " private " ( falling immediately below private , E - 2 ) , which wore no rank insignia . In March 1952 , the Air Council and United States Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt Vandenberg adopted a number of changes to the U . S . Air Force enlisted rank structure that had been recommended by studies made in 1950 and 1951 . On April 24 , 1952 , Air Force Regulation 39 - 36 was published , changing the name of the lowest enlisted U . S . Air Force rank to " basic airman " — whose holders still bore no insignia — immediately below the new " airman third class " . On February 5 , 1959 , the new Air Force regulation governing the titles of enlisted ranks was released ; the only change being direction that the title for E - 1 was changed from " basic airman " to the current " airman basic " . Promotion from airman basic . Under normal circumstances , airmen basic are eligible for promotion to airman ( E - 2 ) after six months ' time in grade ( TIG ) . However , individuals enlisting for six years are promoted from AB to airman first class ( A1C ) upon completion of either technical training ( or 20 weeks thereof ) or the indoctrination course for combat control or pararescue . In accordance with AFI 36 - 2502 , " Airman Promotion Program " , all promotions from AB require that an airman ' s immediate commanding officer approve the promotion in writing before he or she may assume it .
Sphodrias Sphodrias ( ) ( 4th century BC ) was a Spartan general during the period of Greek history known as the Spartan hegemony . In 379 BC , he was in command of a garrison in the Spartan - occupied city of Thespiae in Boeotia . Aiming to increase Spartan power in the region , he attempted to march by night to seize the Piraeus , the port of Athens . He miscalculated the length of the march , however , and when the sun rose he and his army were caught out in the middle of the Thyrian plain , still some miles from the Piraeus . He retreated back to Boeotia . The Athenians , furious at Sphodrias ' action , seized several Spartan emissaries who were in Athens at the time , and released them only when the Spartans promised that Sphodrias would be executed . Sphodrias ' son Kleonymos , however , got Archidamus , the son of the Spartan king Agesilaus to intervene . Agesilaus then used his influence to secure Sphodrias ' unexpected acquittal . Agesilaus justified himself by saying " it is a hard thing to put to death one who as a young man has consistently acted well and honorably , for Sparta has need of such soldiers " ( Xen . " Hellenica " ) . This infuriated the Athenians even further , and they formed an alliance with Thebes , a bitter enemy of Sparta at that time . Together with Phoebidas , who had seized Thebes several years earlier , Sphodrias came to be seen as representative of an aggressive Spartan foreign policy that alienated other states throughout Greece . Sphodrias died at the battle of Leuctra in 371 BC .
HMS Phoenix ( 1759 ) HMS " Phoenix " was a 44 - gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy . She saw service during the American War of Independence under Captain Hyde Parker , Jr . She , along with and three smaller ships launched an attack on New York City on 12 July 1776 . During that attack , " Phoenix " and the other ships easily passed patriot defences and bombarded urban New York for two hours . This action largely confirmed continental fears that British naval superiority would allow the Royal Navy to act with relative impunity when attacking deep - water ports . The " Phoenix " was lost on 4 October 1780 in a storm .