naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 155 Squadron RAF RAF No . 155 Squadron operated Westland Whirlwind HR4 at Kuala Lumpur approximately 1955 – 59 . No . 155 Squadron was formed at Chingford on 14 September 1918 as a bomber unit with D . H . 9As after an earlier decision to form at Feltham was abandoned . The war ended a few weeks later and it did not become operational , disbanding on 7 December 1918 . On 1 April 1942 , No . 155 reformed at Peshawar as a squadron but did not receive its first Mohawks until mid - August owing to the necessity to modify these aircraft for operational use . Air defense and convoy patrols began in September off Madras and in October the squadron moved to Bengal and detachments began operating over Burma . Reconnaissance , ground attack and bomber escort missions occupied the squadron until January 1944 , when it finally replaced its Mohawks with Spitfires . Initially these were used for air defense duties until the Japanese air force in Burma ceased to be a threat . Ground attack missions and escort for transport missions then became its main tasks , the Spitfires carrying 500 - lb bombs during the last months of the campaign . In mid - September 1945 , the squadron flew to Singapore soon after the Japanese surrender and in February 1946 , moved to Sumatra to provide tactical support for the Army units there until disbanded on 31 August 1946 . On September 1954 , No . 155 reformed at Kuala Lumpur with Whirlwind helicopters and provided transport and casualty evacuation support for the Army and police in Malaya during their flight against Communist guerrillas in the jungle . On 3 June 1959 , it merged with No . 194 to form No . 110 Squadron .
VEF I - 16 The VEF I - 16 was a prototype Latvian fighter aircraft designed by Kārlis Irbītis and produced by VEF in 1939 . Development was halted by the Soviet occupation of Latvia and subsequent purge s of VEF personnel . In the spring 1940 Latvian air force pilots made the first test flights with VEF I - 16 . An already obsolete Latvian fighter was of little value to the Soviets and so only one was built . Following Operation Barbarossa , the single example was captured by German forces and tested by the Luftwaffe . The VEF I - 16 was used as training aircraft at an aviation school in Torun until 1942 . Description . The I - 16 was of conventional monoplane layout with a Walter Sagitta supercharged air - cooled V - 12 engine of Czechoslovak origin , a two - bladed propeller , a blown canopy , and a low set wing with rounded wingtips . The prototype had fixed undercarriage with aerodynamic fairings , but production models were to have retractable landing gear . While unarmed , there were provisions for two Browning machine gun s in the fuselage , along with the ability to carry one additional gun under each wing .
No . 490 Squadron RNZAF 490 ( NZ ) Squadron was formed from pilots of the Royal New Zealand Air Force under RAF Coastal Command as an anti - submarine and reconnaissance unit . History . 490 ( NZ ) Squadron Royal Air Force , was formed 28 March 1943 with Royal New Zealand Air Force aircrew at Jui near Freetown in West Africa ( present Sierra Leone ) under Wing Commander D . W . Baird . Equipped with PBY Catalinas , the squadron was tasked with maritime patrol and search and rescue . Its first operation was convoy escort on 2 July 1943 . In August the squadron rescued its first seamen , and damaged its first U - boat . Wing Commander B . S . Nicholl took over in November 1943 and oversaw re - equipment with Short Sunderland s in May of the following year . Wing Commander T . S . Gill was its last commander , taking over in October 1944 . The squadron flew its last operation on 6 May 1945 , and when it became obvious that 490 would not be needed in Japan , the squadron was disbanded on 1 August 1945 . Of all New Zealand squadrons of the RAF , 490 saw least action , but nonetheless flew 463 operational sorties , totalling 4853 hours . One Distinguished Flying Cross was awarded . The squadron ' s Māori motto was " Taniwha kei runga " which translates as " Taniwha in the air " . Taniwha are mythical intelligent monsters in Māori legend , occasionally but not particularly accurately translated as " dragons " . They are often associated with water , but a flying taniwha is relatively unusual .
Immunes Ancient Rome ' s military was highly advanced for its time , divided into multiple units to maximize efficiency and power . One such unit was the immune class . By definition , the immunes were legionary soldiers who possessed specialized skills , qualifying them to perform duties atypical of a Roman soldier . Immunes ’ expertise in their respective fields allowed them to be exempt from the more tedious and dangerous tasks other soldiers were required to do , such as ditch digging and rampart patrol . Becoming an Immune . Prior to becoming an immune , men were required to serve as " milites " ( also known as " munifex " ) , a non - specialist regular soldier . These men were the soldiers that made up the bulk of the legions , liable to perform guard duties , labour work and other less than desired duties . " Milites " would usually have to serve for several years before becoming eligible for training to become immunes . Immune status within the army was achieved either through selection or through promotion . If not possessing the specialist skills that could see a soldier chosen to become an immune , the legionary who wished to become one would have to undergo a period of specialist training , during which time they would be known as " discens " . The discens received the same basic pay and board as the non - specialists until he qualified for immune status . Typical duties . Engineers , artillerymen , musicians , drill and weapons instructors , military police , carpenters , hunters and medical staff were among the multiple specialized jobs immunes provided for the Roman army . Immunes also received better pay than the regular troops .
HMS Chichester ( F59 ) HMS " Chichester " ( F59 ) was a " Salisbury " - class or Type 61 aircraft direction frigate of the British Royal Navy . Towards the end of her career she was partially disarmed for use as a Hong Kong guard ship and " showing the flag " deployments , due in part to her good range conferred by her diesel machinery .
USS Pollux ( SP - 2573 ) The first USS " Pollux " ( SP - 2573 ) was a United States Navy cargo ship in commission for three weeks during April 1918 . " Pollux " was built in 1909 at Rotterdam , the Netherlands , by Werf voorheen Rijkee N . V . as a commercial cargo ship . She was interned at Key West , Florida , during World War I . The U . S . Navy acquired " Pollux " for World War I service from her owners , Koninklijke Nederlandsche Stoomboot Maatschappij of Amsterdam , the Netherlands , on 20 March 1918 and commissioned her at Key West on 3 April 1918 as USS " Pollux " ( SP - 2573 ) , with Lieutenant Commander Geert Scheltens , USNRF , in command . Manned by a skeleton crew of available sailor s , " Pollux " departed Key West on 6 April 1918 for Cuba , where she took on board sugar at Havana , Cárdenas , and Matanzas . She arrived at New Orleans , Louisiana , on 22 April 1918 with 25 , 000 bags of sugar for the American Sugar Refinery Company , then began preparations for inactivation . The Navy decommissioned " Pollux " and turned her over to the United States Shipping Board on 24 April 1918 for further use during World War I . She was returned to her owners in 1919 .
Royal Australian Corps of Transport The Royal Australian Corps of Transport is a corps within the Australian Army . It was formed in 1973 and is responsible for the operation of army surface transport assets . Role . The role of the RACT is to control and operate Army owned surface transport , other than unit transport , and to provide movement control , terminal , postal and Army aspects of air logistic support . As such members of the corps are employed in a variety of roles , including : History . The RACT was formed on 1 June 1973 from and amalgamation of a number of functions of two existing corps : Royal Australian Army Service Corps ( RAASC ) and Royal Australian Engineers Transportation Service ( RAE - TN ) . From RAASC the new corps gained the responsibilities of road and amphibian transport , air dispatch and postal functions , whilst from RAE - TN it gained water transport , terminal and movements roles . The remaining RAASC functions — such as the provision of foodstuffs and petrol , oils and lubricants — were subsequently allocated to the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps ( RAAOC ) , with RAASC ceasing to exist on 31 May 1973 . At Puckapunyal on 4 June 1983 the RACT was presented with its Banner . It was received from the Governor General of Australia , Sir Ninian Stephen , who presented it on behalf of Her Royal Highness , Princess Alice . Corps Embellishments . The badge of the RACT consists of the seven - pointed Federation Star incorporating the Royal Cipher , being common to both the badges of the Royal Australian Engineers ( RAE ) and Royal Australian Army Service Corps ( RAASC ) . Surrounding the Royal Cipher is a circlet containing the name ' Royal Australian Corps of Transport ' , which is enclosed by a laurel wreath and the Corps motto ' Par Oneri ' or ' Equal to the Task ' . The RACT Lanyard is a braided blue and red lanyard to represent its RAASC and RAE heritage . Notably , RACT was the first corps in the Australian Army to receive approval to wear a braided lanyard . The corps colours of the RACT are blue , white and scarlet . Each of the colours represents various aspects of the history of the corps : Equipment . Vehicles : Watercraft :
Sandra A . Gregory Sandra A . Gregory was a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force . Biography . A native of Loyal , Wisconsin , Gregory graduated from the University of Wisconsin - Superior in 1977 . Later she would also attend Sul Ross State University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Career . Gregory joined the Air Force in 1977 . She was assigned to the 47th Flying Training Wing , the 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing , and to Pacific Air Forces before attending the Air Command and Staff College and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces . Later she served as Military Assistant to the United States Secretary of Defense during the 1993 Presidential Inauguration . In 1994 , she was assigned to work with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and became Chief of the Financial Analysis Division for Budge of the Pacific Air Forces in 1996 . In 1999 , she was named Director of Financial Management and Comptroller of Air Force Space Command before being assigned to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management and Comptroller . Her retirement was effective as of September 1 , 2006 . Prior to her retirement she received a letter of admonishment for over - spending the Air Force Permanent Change of Station ( PCS ) budget by $ 87 million in 2005 . Awards she has received include the Legion of Merit , the Defense Meritorious Service Medal , the Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Commendation Medal , the Joint Meritorious Unit Award , the Outstanding Unit Award , the Organizational Excellence Award with three oak leaf clusters , the National Defense Service Medal with service star , the Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon , the Air Force Longevity Service Award , and the Air Force Training Ribbon .
Jingal A jingal , or gingall , ( Hindi janjal ) is a type of gun , usually a light piece mounted on a swivel ; it sometimes takes the form of a heavy musket fired from a rest . Frequently a form of wall gun either by design or use . The weapon was used by the Chinese and Indians in the 19th century , such as by the Taiping armies . This weapon figures in Kipling ' s poem , " The Grave of the Hundred Head " .
845th Bombardment Squadron The 845th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 489th Bombardment Group . It was inactivated at March Field , California on 17 October 1945 . History . Activated in September 1943 as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb squadron by Second Air Force , training in Utah the until being deployed to the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) ; being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England in May 1944 . Squadron entered combat on 30 May 1944 , in the period immediately before the D - Day landings . Took part in strategic bombing campaign over Europe . Also supported the D - Day landings and the massive aerial attack that preceded the breakthrough at St . Lo . The unit was also used to carry food to liberated France and to the rapidly advancing Allied troops during August and September 1944 and to carry supplies to the Allied troops in Holland during Operation Market Garden . In November – December 1944 the squadron was withdrawn to the United States , where it began to prepare to deploy to the Pacific . In March 1945 it was redesignated as a Very Heavy bombardment unit , and converted to the B - 29 Superfortress , but the war ended before it could be deployed with the new aircraft . The unit was inactivated on 17 October 1945 .
HMS Fermoy ( J40 ) HMS " Fermoy " was a Hunt class minesweeper of the Royal Navy that served during both World War I and World War II . By 1923 she had become the depot ship for the Submarine Periscope School at Portland . She was bombed by Italian aircraft off Valletta , Malta on 30 April 1941 then on 4 May 1941 , and was written off as constructive total loss . She was eventually raised and sold for scrap .
Alexander McKenzie Alexander McKenzie ( born 1837 ) was a United States Navy Boatswain ' s Mate who received the Medal of Honor during the Korean Expedition . He was wounded in the rescue of Lieutenant Hugh McKee and was struck by a sword . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Boatswain ' s Mate , United States Navy . Born : 1837 , Scotland . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 169 , February 8 , 1872 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Colorado during the capture of the Korean forts , June 11 , 1871 . Fighting at the side of Lt . McKee during this action , McKenzie was struck by a sword and received a severe cut in the head from the blow .
Chief of the General Staff ( Russia ) The Chief of the General Staff ( " Nachal ' nik General ' nogo shtaba " ) is the chief of staff of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation . He is appointed by the President of Russia , who is the Supreme Commander - in - Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation . The position dates to the period of the Russian Empire . The current Chief of the General Staff is Valery Gerasimov .
South Boston Army Base The South Boston Army Base , was a 58 acre United States Army annex located in South Boston . During World War II , it was used as the Boston Port of Embarkation . It was operational from the 1920s , to 1974 . History . Opening . The Department of War purchased a large part of the Commonwealth Flats in 1920 , and split up the land between the South Boston Naval Annex and the South Boston Army Base . World War II . During World War II , the base was used to warehouse and distribute military goods and supplies . After the war , activity declined and many buildings and structures on the base fell into disrepair . Closure . In 1974 , the base was closed , and became part of the Boston Marine Industrial Park after the City of Boston purchased the land in the 1980s . Present day . Today , the former base is home to the various companies which have moved in over the years . Sail Boston has also used the land to host ships when they are in port as well , including former base land at the Black Falcon Cruise Terminal .
Battle of Crête - à - Pierrot The Battle of Crête - à - Pierrot was a major battle of the Haitian Revolution . The battle took place at the fort of Crête - à - Pierrot ( in Haitian Creole " Lakrèt - a - Pyewo " ) , east of Saint - Marc in the Artibonite River valley . General Charles Leclerc ' s French colonial army besieged the heavily barricaded fort , which was defended by Haitian forces under Jean - Jacques Dessalines . The fort was significant as it controlled access into the Cahos Mountains . The defenders , running short of food and munitions , eventually abandoned the fort but were able to force their way through the French lines and into the Cahos Mountains . The French , although gaining control of the fort , had suffered heavy losses , including the death of General Charles Dugua . This was the deciding battle that forced the French to withdraw from the war . The fort was never captured .
Focke - Wulf Fw 56 The Focke Wulf Fw 56 " Stösser " ( German : " Goshawk " ) was a single - engine , high - wing monoplane advanced trainer , built in the 1930s in Germany . Design . It was developed , in accordance with a request by the Reich Air Ministry for an advanced fighter trainer , by Kurt Tank , chief engineer with Focke - Wulf . It was also considered for possible use as a home defence fighter . The first prototype flew for the first time in November 1933 . A second prototype had some modifications made to the fuselage , and metal rather than wooden wings for flight testing . The third prototype , which flew in February 1934 , reverted to the wooden wing and satisfied the technical designers . After comparison flights in 1935 against its two competitors - the Arado Ar 76 and the Heinkel He 74 - the Air Ministry ordered production to begin . About 1 , 000 aircraft were built , mostly used by Germany , though numbers were used by Austria and Hungary . A few were sold for private use , for instance to Gerd Achgelis , who later founded the helicopter company Focke - Achgelis with Henrich Focke . Ernst Udet , an advocate of the use of dive bomber s , tested the second prototype - Fw 56 " V2 " - in this role , and on his recommendation the development of dive bombers was given greater attention . The Fw 56 was a high - wing aircraft with a fuselage of steel tubes , clad in metal at the front , and canvas elsewhere . The wing was of wood , clad mostly in plywood , while the trailing edge was covered with material . The three - point undercarriage was fixed and possessed a tail skid .
Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran The Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran was the invasion Coupled with the Imperial State of Iran during World War II by Soviet and British . The Invasion ( August 25 to September 17 , 1941 ) , given the code name Operation Countenance . The goal was to secure the Iranian oil fields and ensure the supply lines of the Allies ( see Persian Corridor ) for the Soviets fighting against Axis forces in the Eastern Front . Though Iran was officially a neutral country , its monarch , Reza Shah Pahlavi , was friendly with the Axis Powers : he was deposed during the subsequent occupation and replaced by his son , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi .
Arthur Haulot Baron Arthur Haulot ( Angleur near Liège , 15 November 1913 - 24 May 2005 ) was a Belgian journalist , humanist and poet who served , during World War II as an active member of the Belgian resistance . As president of the " Jeunes Socialistes " ( young socialists ) , he was made prisoner and taken to the Dachau concentration camp . After his liberation from the camp , he spoke about the atrocities of the Nazi regime and its efforts to impose a regime that precludes free speech and many forms of freedom and liberties , this leading to extermination of any opponents to the regime , and many people considered as " passively opposed " to the Regime , like the Jews , the Roma and many others . He died in Belgium as a result of a thrombosis .
No . 31 Squadron RNZAF No . 31 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force . Formed in December 1943 , it was equipped with Grumman TBF Avenger Dive bombers . History . 31 Squadron was stationed in New Zealand from December 1943 – May 1944 . The Squadron deployed to Piva Airfield on Bougainville from May – July 1944 . The Squadron was disbanded in August 1944 .
German submarine U - 140 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 140 " was a Type IID U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out only one combat patrol , but still managed to see action as a training boat in the summer of 1941 . Built at the Kiel shipyards during 1939 and 1940 , as a Type IID U - boat , she was too small for major operational work in the Atlantic Ocean , which was now required by the " Kriegsmarine " as the Battle of the Atlantic expanded . War patrol . " U - 140 " only carried out one raiding patrol , under her first captain , Hans - Peter Hinsch . He took her round the north of Scotland in December 1940 following her work - up program , and it was here that she sank her first victim , twelve days into the voyage . Six days later north of Ireland , on 8 December she sank the steel 3 - mast barque " Penang " of neutral Finland , inbound from Stenhouse Bay , South Australia to Cobh in neutral Ireland with a cargo of grain . The " Penang " and her 18 crew were all lost at . Later that day she heard the British freighter " Ashcrest " broadcast that she needed assistance as her rudder was broken , at . " U - 140 " sank " Ashcrest " with the loss of the entire crew of 37 . She then headed home towards retirement . " U - 140 " was docked , her crew transferred and she was converted into a training boat , designed to operate solely in the Baltic Sea , training submariners for the main U - boat force . Training boat . It was during this onerous yet necessary duty that her new captain , Hans - Jürgen Hellriegel , found himself facing a small Soviet submarine on the surface , well into the Baltic , a month after the invasion of the Soviet Union . In a careful attack , " U - 140 " torpedoed and sank her rival with his scratch crew of new recruits . Orders had been pushing " U - 140 " further into the Baltic during the preceding months , with the hope that she might achieve just such a victory . Following this excitement , " U - 140 " returned to training duties , which she continued for the remainder of the war without further incident , save in the final months , when she was transferred to Wilhelmshaven in a general shipment of equipment and personnel to the West . It was there , on the 2 May 1945 in Jade Bay , that " U - 140 " was scuttled by her crew to prevent her seizure by the advancing British forces . Post - war she was raised and scrapped .