naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Polish Fighting Team The Polish Fighting Team ( PFT ) ( ) , also known as " Skalski ' s Circus " ( ) , was a Polish unit which fought with the British Commonwealth Desert Air Force in the North African Campaign of World War II , during 1943 . Its nickname was derived from its commander , Stanisław Skalski . History . In late 1942 Polish Air Force Staff Command requested RAF permission to send a group of specially chosen pilots to the North African theatre of operations to acquire experience in operating as a part of a tactical air force in preparation for future Allied landings on the European continent . Volunteers had to be experienced ( with at least 30 operation missions completed ) and some 70 volunteers were considered before 15 pilots were chosen for the operational tour of 3 months . Formed at Northolt on 5 February 1943 as the Polish Fighting Team , initial preparations for overseas service took place at RAF West Kirby , and the unit embarked on 24 February , arriving in North Africa on 13 March 1943 . The team was initially attached as ' C ' flight , to No . 145 Squadron RAF , ( under ace S / L Lance Wade ) equipped with the Spitfire Mk . V and operating from Bu Ghara , 150 miles west of Tripoli . Commencing flying on 18 March the unit gained an immediate reputation for combat effectiveness . The unit re - equipped with the Supermarine Spitfire Mark IX in late March . Flying Officer Mieczysław Wyszkowski was the only casualty in the PFT , shot down and taken prisoner - of - war on 18 April . The German Army in Africa surrendered on 13 May and the PFT was disbanded . Three pilots stayed on and became part of Desert Air Force units ; Skalski became CO of No . 601 Squadron , Horbaczewski CO of No . 43 and Drecki a Flight Commander in No . 152 .
HMS Spartan ( 1891 ) HMS " Spartan " was an " Apollo " class cruiser of the Royal Navy constructed in 1891 . The design was a variant of the " Marathon " class cruiser . The ships had quick firing guns which were effective as a broadside , but less so when attempting to fire fore or aft . From 1907 she was placed on harbour duty . In 1921 she became part of the Royal Navy torpedo school at Devonport , HMS " Defiance " , which was based in floating obsolete ships , and named for the first ship which had housed the school . " Spartan " became " Defiance II " in August 1921 . She was sold for scrapping on 26 June 1931 .
Kōriki Kiyonaga Born in Mikawa , Kiyonaga first served Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1552 . In Mikawa , he served as one of Ieyasu ' s three magistrates ( " san - bugyō " ) , together with Amano Yasukage and Honda Shigetsugu . Yasukage was known for his patience , Shigetsugu for his fortitude , and Kiyonaga for his leniency ; this leniency earned him the nickname of " Buddha Kōriki " ( " Hotoke Kōriki " 仏高力 ) . Kiyonaga was also active in various battles . He transported provisions to Otaka castle at the Battle of Okehazama , helped suppress the Ikkō - ikki of Mikawa Province , joined in the pacification of Tōtōmi Province , and took part in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute . Kiyonaga also assisted with ship construction for the Seven - Year War . Kiyonaga became a daimyo in 1590 , when he was granted the 20 , 000 koku fief of Iwatsuki . As he was preceded in death by his son Masanaga , Kiyonaga retired after the Sekigahara , and passed down family headship to his grandson Tadafusa .
River - class submarine The River class , or " Thames " class were a class of submarines built for the Royal Navy . They were the last attempt by the Admiralty to produce " Fleet Submarines " that is submarines fast enough to operate as part of a fleet which at the time meant being able to manage somewhere around while surfaced . The previous attempts had been the steam powered K class submarine s and the large gunned M class submarines . The ' M ' class were ' K ' class hulls re - engined with diesels and modified to take a single 12 - inch naval gun directly forward of the conning tower . A design was drawn up in the late 1920s and three vessels were built by Vickers in Barrow , " Thames " in 1932 , " Severn " and " Clyde " in 1935 . The latter were a little larger than " Thames " . Initially 20 were planned but changes in thinking and cost limited the building to just the three . The design compromised on diving depth to keep weight down and speed up . They had a safe diving depth of some compared to the " Odin " class before them which had managed . They were powered by two diesel engines delivering 8 , 000 bhp . Two Ricardo engines drove generators that supercharged the diesels up to 10 , 000 bhp . This gave them a surface speed of . During the Second World War they initially operated in the North Sea and Mediterranean . " Thames " was lost off Norway on 23 September 1940 . " Clyde " was used to deliver supplies to the besieged island of Malta in September 1941 . " Severn " and " Clyde " were in service in the Far East when they were taken out of service in mid to late 1945 .
XI Brigade , Royal Horse Artillery XI Brigade , Royal Horse Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Horse Artillery which existed in the early part of the 20th Century . It was dissolved at the outbreak of World War I as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations . Formation . Royal Horse Artillery brigades did not exist as an organizational or operational grouping of batteries until 1 July 1859 when the Horse Brigade , Royal Artillery was formed . The brigade system was extend to five ( later six ) brigades when the horse artillery of the Honourable East India Company had been transferred to the British Army in 1861 . These brigades were reduced to five in 1871 , then to three ( of 10 batteries each ) in 1877 and to two ( of 13 batteries each ) in 1882 . The brigade system was finally abolished in 1889 . As battery designations were tied to the brigade that the battery was assigned to , batteries were redesignated in a bewildering sequence as they were transferred between brigades . For example , E Battery of C Brigade ( E / C Bty ) might become N Battery of A Brigade ( N / A Bty ) upon transfer . Henceforth , batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation . The brigade system was revived in 1901 . Each brigade now commanded just two batteries and a small staff ( a Lieutenant - Colonel in command , an adjutant and a brigade sergeant major ) . Initially , batteries were not assigned to brigades in any particular order , but in 1906 , at the insistence of Edward VII , brigades were redesignated so that batteries were roughly in order of seniority ( hence I Brigade commanded A Battery and B Battery ) . XI Brigade , RHA was formed on 1 March 1901 as the XIII Brigade - Division , RHA with T Battery and U Battery . In 1903 it was redesignated as XIII Brigade , RHA and was stationed in South Africa at Krugersdorp ( T Battery ) and Manchester ( U Battery ) . On 1 October 1906 , it was redesignated as XI Brigade , RHA . By the time World War I broke out , the brigade was split up . T Battery was at Abbassia , Egypt serving in the Force in Egypt . It returned to the United Kingdom where it joined XIV Brigade in 7th Division on 21 December . U Battery was at Lucknow with 8th ( Lucknow ) Division and on mobilization was assigned to the newly formed I Indian Brigade , RHA with 1st Indian Cavalry Division ( attached to 8th ( Lucknow ) Cavalry Brigade ) and sailed for the Western Front in October 1914 . Without any batteries under command , the brigade HQ was dissolved .
USS LST - 563 USS " LST - 563 " was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . She was in commission during 1944 . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 563 " was laid down on 4 March 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 1 May 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . N . E . Senescall , and commissioned on 20 May 1944 with Lieutenant J . B . Hockswender , USNR , in command . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 563 " was grounded on Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean , 670 nautical miles ( 1 , 241 kilometers ) southwest of Mexico , on 21 December 1944 and suffered extensive damage . After numerous unsuccessful attempts to free her , " LST - 563 " was stripped and abandoned on 9 February 1945 . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 23 February 1945 .
Christina Broom Christina Broom ( 28 December 1862 - 5 June 1939 ) was a British photographer , credited as " the UK ' s first female press photographer " . History . Born at 8 King ' s Road , Chelsea , London , the then - Christina Livingston married Albert Edward Broom ( 1864 – 1912 ) in 1889 . In 1903 , following the failure of the family ironmongery business and other business ventures , Broom borrowed a box camera and taught herself the rudiments of photography . She set up a stall in the Royal Mews at Buckingham Palace , selling postcards of photographs that she had taken . She maintained this stall from 1904 until 1930 . When the family moved to Burnfoot Avenue , Broom used the coal cellar as her dark room . She was assisted by her daughter Winifred , who had left school to assist her mother ; Albert wrote the captions for the postcards in his neat script . The postcards sold well : in one night - time session Broom printed 1000 . Broom was appointed official photographer to the Household Division from 1904 - 1939 and had a darkroom in the Chelsea Barracks ; she also took many photographs of local scenes , including those at the Palace , as well as The Boat Race and Suffragette marches . Albert died in 1912 and Broom and Winifred moved to Munster Road , Fulham . Broom took the professional name of Mrs Albert Broom . In the 1920s and 1930s her work was featured in publications such as the " Illustrated London News " , " The Tatler " , " The Sphere " , and " Country Life " . Broom died on 5 June 1939 and was buried in Fulham old cemetery . Collections of Broom ' s photographs are held at the Museum of London , the National Portrait Gallery , the Imperial War Museum , London , the National Museum of Scotland , Edinburgh , the Royal Maritime Museum , Greenwich , the Guards Museum , London ; the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Local Studies Library ; the Hammersmith and Fulham Archive and the National Army Museum ; Maidstone Art Gallery , Kent ; and the Harry Ransom Center and the Gernsheim Collection , University of Texas , both at Austin , Texas , United States . On 17 December 2009 a collection of some 2 , 000 of Broom ' s photographs , mainly of military subjects , was to be offered for sale by auction at Sotheby ' s in London . The collection was expected to make up to £35 , 000 .
Ralph Edwards ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Ralph ( Alan Bevan ) Edwards KCB CBE ( 31 March 1901 – 4 February 1963 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Mediterranean Fleet . Naval career . Edwards joined the Royal Navy in 1914 and served in the battlecruiser HMS " Tiger " in the Grand Fleet during World War I . He also served in World War II as Deputy Director and then as Director of the Operations Division for the Home Fleet . He then became Chief of Staff for the Eastern Fleet and , from March 1945 , was Captain of HMNZS " Gambia " . After the War he was made Captain of the aircraft carrier HMS " Illustrious " . He became Assistant Chief of Naval Staff in 1948 . In July , 1951 , he returned to sea in command of the First Cruiser Squadron and as Flag Officer ( Air ) , Mediterranean , hoisting his flag in his old ship the " Gambia " . From November 1951 he was also Flag Officer , Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet . He then became Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in 1953 . His last appointment was as Commander - in - Chief , Mediterranean Fleet in 1957 . He retired in 1958 . Family . In 1932 he married Joan Le Fowne Hurt ; they had one son and one daughter .
USS Shipley Bay ( CVE - 85 ) USS " Shipley Bay " ( CVE - 85 ) was an " Casablanca " class escort carrier of the United States Navy . She was laid down under Maritime Commission contract ( MC hull 1122 ) on 22 November 1943 by Kaiser Co . , Inc . , Vancouver , Washington ; launched on 12 February 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . L . B . Richardson ; and commissioned on 21 March 1944 , Captain Edgar T . Neale in command . Service history . " Shipley Bay " moved down the coast and operated in the San Diego - San Pedro area until 3 May when the carrier began her maiden voyage to Pearl Harbor and the South Pacific ferrying planes and pilots to advance bases . She shuttled between the west coast , Pearl Harbor , Majuro Atoll , Guadalcanal , and Tulagi until October . During this period , the carrier transported 496 aircraft . " Shipley Bay ' s " next assignment was that of replenishment carrier , delivering pilots , aircraft , and ammunition to the fast carriers operating with Task Force ( TF ) 38 . She rendezvoused with TF 38 for three resupply missions , delivering 100 planes . The first rendezvous was made from 17 October to 29 October , 150 miles east of Samar , P . I . ; the second took place 450 miles east of Luzon from 10 December to 24 December ; and the last , from 26 December 1944 to 12 January 1945 , occurred 350 miles northeast of Luzon . " Shipley Bay " returned to Pearl Harbor and operated as a training carrier for the next three months . On 22 April , " Shipley Bay " stood out of Pearl Harbor en route to Okinawa , via Guam , for her first combat operations . From 7 May to 16 May , planes from the carrier attacked enemy gun emplacements , supply dumps , radar installations , and caves , flying 352 missions . On the 16th , while taking on gasoline from " Cache " ( AO - 67 ) , the aviation gasoline tanks were damaged , and she was forced to return to Guam for repairs . " Shipley Bay " was back in action off Okinawa on 9 June with five other escort carriers . From 14 June to 16 June , strikes were launched against Miyako - jima and Ishigaki - jima to neutralize the airfields on those islands . Aircraft from " Shipley Bay " returned to pound the airfields again from 18 June to 22 June . On that day , the carrier departed the operating area . She was at the repair base in San Diego undergoing overhaul when the war ended . On 26 September 1945 , " Shipley Bay " sailed out of San Diego to participate in " Operation Magic Carpet " , the return of American forces from overseas . The carrier shuttled from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor , Okinawa , and Kwajalein , returning several thousand troops to the United States . " Shipley Bay " sailed to Boston in February 1946 for deactivation and lay - up , arriving there on 9 March . On 28 June , the carrier was placed " out of commission , in reserve , " with the Atlantic Reserve Fleet . " Shipley Bay " was struck from the Navy list on 1 March 1959 and sold for scrap on 2 October of that year . Awards . " Shipley Bay " received two battle star s for World War II service .
Gallaudet D - 4 The Gallaudet D - 4 was an unusual biplane designed and built by Gallaudet Aircraft Company for the United States Navy . It was powered by a Liberty L - 12 engine buried within the fuselage which turned a large , four - bladed propeller attached to a ring around the center fuselage . Only two were constructed , with the second being accepted by the Navy for service as an observation aircraft . Development . In response to a requirement by the U . S . Navy for light floatplanes capable of being launched off catapults by ships underway , the Gallaudet Aircraft company began development of the " D - 4 " , based on the earlier Gallaudet D - 1 . The D - 1 was powered by Duesenberg engines , and first flown on 17 July 1916 . Despite numerous mechanical difficulties the Army bought four of the improved D - 2 version . In an effort to produce an aircraft with the best possible forward visibility for the observer , Gallaudet developed the D - 2 into the unconventional D - 4 , which placed the observer in the nose , followed by the pilot , with the propeller attached to a ring that circled the fuselage behind the wings . The four blades spun around the fuselage just behind the pilot . Power for the D - 4 was supplied by a 360 - hp Liberty engine buried within the fuselage just behind the pilot . A large pontoon was mounted below the fuselage , and small outboard floats were mounted near the tips of the swept - back wings . Operational history . Two D - 4 were built . The prototype crashed during flight testing on 19 July 1918 , but the second was accepted by the U . S . Navy . No further aircraft were built , as Gallaudet turned their attention to constructing Curtiss HS - 2L flying boats .
Nathan Abraham Cooper Nathan Abraham Cooper ( April 20 , 1802 – 1879 ) was a United States Army General . Biography . He was born on April 20 , 1802 , to Abraham Cooper ( 1762 – 1818 ) and Anna Wills ( 1774 – 1856 ) . He had a sister Beulah Ann Cooper ( 1800 – 1885 ) who married Henry Seward . When he was 16 years old his father died and he inherited the family land . It included farming lands , an iron mine , operated by Marsh , Craig & Evans and a grist - mill . He married Mary Henrietta Leddel . He died in 1879 .
Merchant Marine World War II Victory Medal The Merchant Marine World War II Victory Medal is a decoration of the United States Merchant Marine established by an Act of Congress on August 8 , 1946 . Conditions . The decoration is awarded to officers and men of the U . S . Merchant Marine who served aboard American - flagged merchant ships for at least 30 days between December 7 , 1941 , and September 3 , 1945 . Design . The medal is a bronze disc suspended from a ribbon with wide red edges and a red center flanked by narrow stripes of yellow , green , blue , and white . The front of the medal shows a woman standing in a desert landscape holding a trident in her right hand and an olive branch in her left hand . To the left of the woman is the world " WORLD " and to the right of her is " WAR II " . The reverse side shows an anchor inside a rope circle , around which is wound a ribbon marked " FIRMITAS " , " ADVERSARIA " , and " SUPERAT " . In a circle around the edge of the reverse side are the words " UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE 1941 - 1945 " . John R . Sinnock designed the medal .
Siege of Montevideo ( 1811 ) The First Siege of Montevideo ( ) took place between May and October 1811 , when the troops of the United Provinces of the River Plate unsuccessfully besieged the city of Montevideo , still held by Spanish loyalists . In 1810 , the May Revolution had forced the Spanish to abandon Buenos Aires , but they held on to the Banda Oriental ( present - day Uruguay ) , as Francisco Javier de Elío moved the headquarters of his Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata to Montevideo . In May 1811 , the revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas defeated the Spanish in the Banda Oriental at the Battle of Las Piedras . After the battle , the Royalists only remained in control of two cities : Colonia del Sacramento and Montevideo , which was besieged by Artigas and José Rondeau . Montevideo had formidable fortifications and the Spanish controlled the Río de la Plata river . When a Portuguese relief army entered the Banda Oriental at the request of Spain , Buenos Aires signed a truce with Elío , recognizing him as the ruler of the Banda Oriental . Artigas felt the truce to be treasonous . He broke relations with Buenos Aires , and lifted the blockade over Montevideo in October 1811 . The city would finally be conquered by Artigas and Rondeau in 1814 after the Siege of Montevideo ( 1812 - 1814 ) .
Jaguar 2 The Raketenjagdpanzer 4 Jaguar 2 was a German tank destroyer equipped with anti - tank guided missile s . It was only operated by the Bundeswehr . History . From 1983 to 1985 , 162 Kanonenjagdpanzer s were converted to " Raketenjagdpanzer 4 " Jaguar 2 . This was done by removing the main gun , adding a TOW launcher on the roof and adding applique armour . In 1989 , the TOW missiles were replaced by the more potent TOW 2 . In 1993 , the Jaguar 2 tank destroyers were phased out in favour of the Jaguar 1A3 , an upgraded version of the Jaguar 1 . Design . The Jaguar 2 is a tank destroyer that follows the traditional casemate design of German tank destroyers . It is a rather light vehicle based on the " " leichte Fahrzeugfamilie " " - chassis , which was also used by the SPz Marder and the Jaguar 1 . It is an all - welded steel construction , which has maximum thickness of 50 mm . Protection . The base armour is formed by the Kanonenjagdpanzer chassis . It was made of welded steel and had a thickness of 10 to 50 mm steel . When the Kanonenjagdpanzers were upgraded , applique armour , consisting of perforated steel plates coated in a rubber - like substance , was fastened shock - mounted on the front of the vehicle and the side of the casemate structure . Leopard - like side - skirts were also added . Further protection is provided by eight smoke dischargers , which are now installed on the glacis instead of behind the casemate . The Jaguar 2 ' s survivability is still mainly reliant on its low profile , high speed and long combat range , which exceeded the combat range of contemporary tanks . Armament . The Jaguar 2 is armed with a TOW - launcher , an anti - aircraft MG3 and an MG3A1 in the hull . The TOW missile allows it to fight enemy tanks at long range - the maximum combat range was considered to be 3 , 750 m . In 1989 , the TOW missiles were replaced by the more powerful TOW - 2 missiles . Twelve missiles and 2 , 100 7 . 62mm rounds are stored inside the vehicle .
CFS Foymount Canadian Forces Station Foymount ( CFS Foymount ) was a military radar station in Foymount , Ontario , Canada , ( part of Bonnechere Valley ) . RCAF Station Foymount was opened in 1952 as part of the Pinetree Line of NORAD radar stations . The radar itself was situated at the top of a 523 metre hill , one of the highest points in southern Ontario . The main lodger unit was No . 32 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron , later renamed No . 32 Radar Squadron when the Semi Automatic Ground Environment system was implemented in 1961 . In 1967 , RCAF Station Foymount was renamed CFS Foymount with the unification of the Canadian Forces . A few years later , the base was declared redundant ; radars at CFS Falconbridge and CFS Lac St . Denis were deemed sufficiently powerful to monitor Foymount ' s coverage area . The station was closed in 1974 and sold to private interests . Some of the residential and service buildings at the base are still in use .
Herbert Hampe Herbert Hampe ( 10 October 1913 – 13 September 1999 ) was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .