naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Board of Inspection and Survey The Board of Inspection and Survey ( INSURV ) is a United States Navy organization whose purpose is to inspect and assess material condition of U . S . Navy vessels . The Board is currently headquartered at Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek , Virginia . INSURV teams . The Board performs its tasks by sending out teams at intervals not to exceed 60 months per Naval Ship . These teams evaluate a ship ' s readiness to conduct combat operations at sea , through an extensive system of checks on installed equipment . New construction . When a ship has been constructed by a shipyard and turned over to the U . S . Navy , an INSURV team must certify the vessel prior to declaring it operational . History . The " Board of Inspection and Survey " was established by Congress to ensure that the ships of the United States Navy are properly equipped for prompt , reliable , sustained mission readiness at sea . Originally established in 1868 under Admiral David Farragut , the board was reconstituted in 1877 with Admiral David Porter as head of the board , expanding on the tasks he had assumed as duties under an instruction of November 16 , 1870 . On August 5 , 1882 , Congress enacted legislation which established the " Board of Inspection and Survey " under statutory authority . Commodore Alexander A . Semmes was the first officer to assume the title as President , " Board of Inspection and Survey " . INSURV has been operating continuously under this authority since that date . In 2008 , six Navy ships , including " Stout " and " Chosin " , failed their INSURV inspections . More than two dozen other ships were found to have critical deficiencies . Parting from a past practice of publicly releasing INSURV inspection results , the Navy immediately classified the 2008 reports . In response , US Senator Jim Webb , in April 2009 , asked the Senate Armed Services Committee to look into the Navy ' s decision . Said Representative Rob Wittman in support of Webb ' s action , " I am deeply concerned that a decision to classify these reports across the board would inhibit the Congress ' ability to provide necessary and constitutionally mandated oversight . " Mission . The Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations ( CNO ) have designated the President , " Board of Inspection and Survey " ( PRESINSURV ) as their agent to perform the following statutory , regulatory and contractual requirements :
United Nations Security Council Resolution 418 United Nations Security Council Resolution 418 , adopted unanimously on 4 November 1977 , imposed a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa . This resolution differed from the earlier Resolution 282 , which was only voluntary . The embargo was subsequently tightened and extended by Resolution 591 . Impact . The ban had a direct impact in some of the following ways : The embargo was lifted by Resolution 919 following democratic elections in 1994 . Circumvention of the embargo . The apartheid government worked around the embargo in a number of ways to source military technology and components that it was unable to procure openly . This resulted in United Nations Security Council Resolution 591 being passed in 1986 , which tightened up some of the loopholes and extended the embargo . Local production . Many armaments were wholly designed and manufactured in South Africa , as reflected by the growth and export business of Armscor . Smuggling . Notable operations that came to light were : Dual purpose equipment . Computer and air traffic control radar systems ostensibly destined for civilian use were diverted to the military . Use of foreign specialists . The South African government was able to hire the services of foreign technicians , for example Israeli specialists who had worked on the Lavi fighter aircraft were recruited by Atlas Aircraft Corporation to work on the Atlas Cheetah and Atlas CAVA . Licensed production . In somes cases , foreign armaments were simply produced under license in South Africa , as in the case of the Warrior Class Strike Craft , the R4 assault rifle and Atlantis Diesel Engines . Co - operation with other states . South Africa exchanged military technology with other states in a similar position to itself , notably through the Israel – South Africa Agreement .
Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach ( 1 February 1792 – 11 November 1847 ) was a German . He was born in Königsberg and died in Berlin . Dieffenbach specialized in skin transplant ation and plastic surgery . His work in rhinoplastic and maxillofacial surgery established many modern techniques of reconstructive surgery . His endeavours comprehended subcutaneous operations such as tenotomy , the surgical division of a tendon . Before the discovery of blood typing and blood matching , Dr . Dieffenbach researched blood transfusion , about which he published " Die Transfusion des Blutes und die Infusion der Arzneien in die Blutgefässe " ( 1828 ) . In 1839 , Dieffenbach performed the first successful myotomy for the treatment of strabismus on a seven - year old boy with esotropia . Originally , the student J . F . Dieffenbach studied theology at the universities at Rostock and Greifswald , and medicine at the Albertina university in Königsberg . From 1813 to 1815 , he volunteered as a soldier in the " Befreiungskriege " ( Napoleonic Wars ) as a Jäger . In 1818 , he participated in student politics at Jena , which activity impelled his leaving Königsberg in 1820 . In 1822 , he became doctor of medicine in Würzburg and worked as a surgeon in Berlin . In 1824 , he married Johanna Motherby . In 1832 , he became professor at the university of Berlin , and in 1840 became director of the Clinical Institute for Surgery at Charité Hospital . After his death in 1847 , Bernhard von Langenbeck ( 1810 – 1887 ) replaced Dieffenbach as director of surgery . Dieffenbach Medal ( Dieffenbach - Medaille ) . Awarded by the Vereinigung der Deutschen Plastischen Chirurgen ( Association of German Plastic Surgeons ) , the Dieffenbach Medal was created by artist Fritz Becker . It was awarded for the first time in 1989 during the 20th annual meeting .
USS Miantonomah ( ACM - 13 ) USS " Miantonomah " ( ACM - 13 / MMA - 13 ) was built as the US Army Mine Planter USAMP " Col . Horace F . Spurgin " ( MP - 14 ) for the U . S . Army by Marietta Manufacturing Co . , Point Pleasant , West Virginia , in 1943 . " Col . Horace F . Spurgin " was christened by Mrs . Barbee Rothgeb . " Col . Horace F . Spurgin " was transferred from the US Army to the US Navy and commissioned as ACM - 13 on 25 January 1950 . After decommissioning and sale to commercial interests 17 February 1961 , the ship remained in the fishing fleet into the 1990s before becoming part of a breakwater in Tacoma , Washington . Army Service . USAMP " Col . Horace F . Spurgin " MP - 14 is known to have served in Sausalito , California at Fort Baker ' s Submarine Mine Depot supporting the San Francisco Bay Coast Artillery defenses with the USAMP " Gen . Samuel M . Mills . " The ship became the prototype for correction of a deficiency in engine order telegraphs to extend them to bridge wings . One commercial system was installed on USAMP " Col . Alfred A . Maybach " while a second , fabricated and installed by Chief Engineer CWO John B . May , aboard " Col . Horace F . Spurgin " became the recommended correction for all M1 type Mine Planters . Navy Service . Commissioned as " ACM - 13 " at Treasure Island on 25 January 1950 under the command of Lt . Harold G . Gibson . Assigned to the 12th Naval District , based at US Naval Station , Treasure Island , California , the unnamed auxiliary minelayer operated out of San Francisco Bay along the California coast training for harbor defense . In addition she towed sea targets and supported fleet gunnery exercises . The ship was involved with the transition of harbor defense responsibilities from Army to Navy as shown in photographs in the March 1950 issue of " All Hands " magazine . The Fort Baker Submarine Mine Depot was in close proximity to the Naval School , Harbor Defense , Fort Winfield Scott , San Francisco , California in which Naval Reserve personnel were trained for duties previously performed by Army Coast Artillery Corps personnel . Both services would man the Harbor Entrance Control Post ( HECP ) . On 7 February 1955 she reclassified to MMA - 13 , and on 1 May she was named " Miantonomah " . The newly renamed ship reported to the Long Beach Group , Pacific Reserve Fleet , to begin inactivation on 14 May . " Miantonomah " decommissioned at Terminal Island , Long Beach , California , 19 July 1955 . She entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Long Beach . Her name was struck from the Navy List 1 July 1960 and she was sold to Hubert P . Sturdivant and Edward Madruga of San Diego , 17 February 1961 . She was delivered to her purchaser on 28 February . Commercial Service . Became tuna fishing vessel " Nautilus " owned by Edward Madruga and Manuel Cintas . Sold and operated as " Aleutian Mist " and " New Star " in northern waters . " New Star " became part of the breakwater at Tyee Marina in Tacoma , Washington on 12 August 2009 .
No . 44 Squadron ( Finland ) No . 44 Squadron ( or " LLv . 44 " , from 3 May 1942 " Le . Lv . 44 " ) , renamed No . 44 Bomber Squadron ( Finnish : " Pommituslentolaivue 44 " or " PLe . Lv . 44 " on 14 February 1944 ) was a bomber squadron of the Finnish Air Force during World War II . The squadron was part of Flying Regiment 4 . Organization . Winter War . The Squadron was equipped with 8 Bristol Blenheim Is and 1 Douglas DC - 2 . Continuation War . The equipment consisted of 8 Bristol Blenheim Mk . Is and some Mk . IVs , 3 Junkers K 43 , 1 Blackburn Ripon IIF , 1 Heinkel He 115 , and 14 Junkers Ju - 88 s .
Romusha The Japanese military made very extensive use of such forced labor during the construction of the Burma - Thailand Railway during 1942 - 43 and the Pakan Baroe Railway on Sumatra in 1943 - 45 . The death rate among romusha , from atrocities , starvation - diet and disease far outstripped the death rate among Allied prisoners of war . About half the forced laborers engaged on the railroad construction died .
William Axton Stokes William Axton Stokes ( 1814 – 1877 ) was a Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , attorney who contributed notes and references to an American edition of Mathew Hale ' s ( 1609 – 1676 ) " Historia placitorum coronae " ( " History of the pleas of the crown " ) published by R . H . Small of Philadelphia in 1847 . Civil War service . Stokes later served as a major in the U . S . Infantry during the American Civil War , including a period in 1861 commanding at the 18th U . S . Infantry Headquarters , Camp Thomas , Franklin County , Ohio . His stirring speech , at the Union Convention of Westmoreland County , PA in 1861 , was delivered in support of the united American Republic and in favor of the war to crush rebellion . He denied the rebel cause by systematically positing that the rebel states have no right of secession , no grounds for revolution , and no justifiable argument against Abraham Lincoln ’ s election to the presidency . After the war . In 1874 , Stokes was part of a committee appointed to report upon the operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company . The Special Collections at Villanova University contains some of Stokes ’ s personal papers as well as other donations of the Stokes family to the university . A small collection of Stokes documents can also be found in the Special Collections Department at the University of Delaware Library .
HMS Glasgow ( 1757 ) HMS " Glasgow " was a 20 - gun sixth - rate post ship of the Royal Navy . She was launched in 1757 and took part in the American Revolutionary War . She is most famous for her encounter with the maiden voyage of the Continental Navy off Block Island on 6 April 1776 . Captain Tyringham Howe , sailed into the midst of an American squadron under the command of Commodore Esek Hopkins , and composed of the " Alfred " , 24 , " Columbus " , 20 , " Andrea Doria " , 14 , " Cabot " , 14 , and " Providence " , 12 . The British vessel engaged for over two hours with this very superior force , but succeeded in escaping , as the Americans were afraid that the noise of the firing would bring to the rescue a British squadron , which was lying at Newport . The " Glasgow " lost one killed and three wounded ; the Americans , twenty - three or twenty - four killed and wounded . She later chased two large Continental frigates in the Caribbean before she was accidentally burned in 1779 .
12 cm felthaubits / m32 The 12 cm felthaubits / m32 was a howitzer used by Norway in World War II . Captured guns were given a German designation after the Invasion of Norway as the 12 cm leFH 376 ( n ) . Two batteries of Artillerie - Abteilung 477 , which served in Finland during the war , were equipped with 12 cm Norwegian howitzers , which might included these guns . Eight were built during the 1930s to replace the obsolescent Ehrhardt 12 cm leFH 08 , which was known in Norwegian service as the 12 cm felthaubits / m08 . They served with the single heavy artillery battalion of the Norwegian Army in 1940 , but were unable to get ammunition during the campaign and were evacuated into Sweden , according to one source . It was equipped with rubber - rimmed steel wheels for motorized towing .
Asas de Portugal The Asas De Portugal ( Wings of Portugal ) is a flight demonstration team created in 1977 integrated with " Esquadra " 103 ( 103 Squadron ) of the Portuguese Air Force . They are Portugal ' s national aerobatic flying team and fly two ex - Luftwaffe Dassault - Breguet / Dornier Alpha Jet . Their colour scheme is very dramatic and colorful and displays can often be compared to the syncro pair from the Patrouille de France . History . In 1977 , the aerobatic team Asas de Portugal was created by order of the Air Force Chief of Staff ( CEMFA ) , with the objective to represent the Portuguese Air Force ( PoAF ) at the International Air Tattoo air festival , being this new aerobatics team created 25 years later after having already existed previously two teams of this type during the 1950s — the " Dragões " ( Dragons ) and the " São Jorge " ( Saint George ) aerobatic patrols . The demonstration patrol that operated the Cessna T - 37C for 13 years while integrated with the 102 Squadron " Panchos " executed a total of 186 demonstrations , of which 40 were executed in international airshows . The restructure of the PoAF in the 1990s lead to the phase - out of the T - 37 and to the interruption of the team ' s activities . In 1997 the team was reactivated , being integrated with the 103 Squadron " Caracóis " and equipped with Alpha Jet aircraft , having a team of seven officer aviator pilots ( PILAV ) and a maintenance team . The first public appearance with the Alpha Jet was on June 27 , 1997 , at the commemorations of the 45th PoAF anniversary in Sintra . In 1998 , the display patrol was deactivated for logistics reasons . By occasion of the 50th PoAF anniversary , in 2001 , the responsibility to prepare an Alpha Jet aircraft flight demonstration to integrate the commemorations was given to the 103 Squadron . This resulted in the creation of a two - aircraft display team that represented Portugal with a 16 - minute sequence of maneuvers in those commemorations , leading to the idea and plan of expanding the display . In 2005 , the " Asas de Portugal " were definitively reactivated , being once again integrated with the 103 Squadron , based at Beja Air Base – BA11 . The team was deactivated in 2010 , before the start of the airshow season .
Mehmed Ali Pasha ( marshal ) Müşir Mehmed Ali Pasha ( November 18 , 1827 – September 7 , 1878 ) was a German - born Ottoman soldier . He is the grandfather of Ali Fuat Cebesoy , and the great - grandfather of Nâzım Hikmet , Oktay Rıfat Horozcu , Mehmet Ali Aybar . Biography . Mehemet Ali was born in Brandenburg an der Havel , Prussia , as Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit ( also known as Carl Detroy ) . The French family name points to Huguenot ancestry , as a descendant of Protestant refugees from France in the 16th or 17th century . In 1843 he ran away to sea , and traveled to the Ottoman Empire , where he embraced Islam . There , in 1846 , Aali Pasha , later Grand Vizier , sent him to a military school . He received a commission in the Ottoman army in 1853 and fought against Russia in the Crimean War . He was made a brigadier general and Pasha in 1865 . In the 1877 - 1878 war against Russia , Mehemet Ali led the Turkish army in Bulgaria . He was successful in his operations on the River Lom ( August – September 1877 ) , but was afterward forced back by his opponents . He failed to effect a junction with Suleiman Pasha , and was superseded by the latter . Later in 1878 he was a participant at the Congress of Berlin . Death . In August 1878 , the Ottoman government selected him to overview the process of the cession of the Plav - Gucia region to Montenegro in compliance to the decisions of the Congress of Berlin . Mehmed Ali Pasha ' s first task was the pacification of the Albanian League of Prizren , which opposed the border change as part of the areas ( Plav - Gucia ) were Albanian - inhabited . He arrived in Kosovo in late August , but was blocked from any further movement towards the Ottoman - Montenegrin border by the local committees of the Albanian League . Stationed in Abdullah Pasha Dreni ' s estate with several battalions he was killed after a three - day battle on September 6 .
7th Armoured Brigade ( France ) The 7th Armoured Brigade ( ) is an armoured brigade of the French Army . It carries on the traditions and honours of the 7th Armoured Division . Organization . The brigade consists of 8 regiments with a total of around 8000 personnel .
Leopold Gleim Leopold Gleim was a Colonel and SS Standartenführer in Warsaw during the Second World War . He was for a time head of the Gestapo Department for Jewish Affairs in Poland . After the war , he converted to Islam , taking the name of Ali al - Nahar , and served with the Egypt ian state services .
Nguyen Nhat Chieu Nguyễn Nhật Chiêu was a Mikoyan - Gurevich MiG - 21 pilot of the Vietnamese People ' s Air Force , he flew with the 921st fighter regiment and tied for fourth place amongst Vietnam War fighter aces with six kills . The following kills are known to be credited to him by the VPAF :
MT Gustaf E . Reuter MT " Gustaf E . Reuter " was a 6 , 336 ton Swedish motor tanker belonging to the company Rederi A / B Reut . She was built in 1928 by the Eriksbergs M . V . shipyard in Gothenburg . On a voyage from Haugesund to Curaçao she was torpedoed and sunk by the U - boat at 00 . 30 on 27 November 1939 at the position , 14 miles west - northwest from Fair Isle , and broke in two . The wreck was sunk by an escort vessel the next day . One person died while 33 survived .
Sparrevohn LRRS Airport Sparrevohn LRRS Airport is a military airstrip located south of Sparrevohn , in the Yukon – Koyukuk Census Area of the U . S . state of Alaska . The airstrip is also located west - southwest of McGrath , Alaska . It is not open for public use . Overview . Sparrevohn Airport is a United States Air Force military airstrip . Its mission is to provide access to the Sparrevohn Long Range Radar Site for servicing and other requirements . The airstrip was constructed in 1952 as part of the construction of the Sparrevohn Air Force Station . During the station ' s operational use as a manned radar station , it provided transportation for station personnel and for supplies and equipment to be airlifted to the station . With the manned radar station ' s closure in 1983 , the airstrip now provides access to the unattended site for maintenance personnel and other requirements . It is not staffed by any support personnel , and is not open to the public . During the winter months , it may be inaccessible due to the extreme weather conditions at the location . Facilities and aircraft . Sparrevohn LRRS has one runway designated 16 / 34 with a gravel surface measuring 4 , 198 by 151 feet ( 1 , 280 x 46 m ) . For the 12 - month period ending July 17 , 1978 , the airport had 240 general aviation aircraft operations , an average of 20 per month .
Sir Guy Campbell , 5th Baronet Colonel Sir Guy Theophilus Halswell Campbell , 5th Baronet OBE , MC ( 18 January 1910 – 19 July 1993 ) was a British soldier . Sir Guy ' s branch of the Campbell baronets , of St Cross Mede , were created in 1815 with Sir Guy Campbell , 1st Baronet . Background . He was the eldest son of Sir Guy Colin Campbell , 4th Baronet and his first wife Mary Arabella Swinnerton Kemeys - Tynte , daughter of Halswell Milborne Kemeys - Tynte . In 1960 , he succeeded his father as baronet . Campbell was educated at St . Aubyns Preparatory School , Rottingdean , Eton College and the University of St Andrews . Career . Campbell was commissioned into the King ' s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in 1932 . With the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 , he was attached to the Camel Corps of the Sudan Defence Force , commanding the 2nd and 7th Nuba Battalion s . Serving in Abyssinia , he was wounded and received the Military Cross in 1941 . A year later he was promoted to captain and in 1945 , he acted as brigadier in the Force ' s headquarter . Campbell was sent to the British embassy in Cairo as adviser to Ralph Bunche and to Folke Bernadotte in 1948 and subsequently was despatched to Ethiopia , where he was awarded a gold medal by Emperor Haile Selassie . In 1951 , he was transferred to the King ' s Royal Rifle Corps . He was appointed to command the Kenya Regiment at the beginning of the Mau Mau Uprising in 1952 . Campbell was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and was promoted to lieutenant - colonel in 1954 . After another two years he was appointed head of the military mission in Libya until 1960 . He was put on the reserve list in August and was granted an honorary colonelship . Five years later , having reached the age limit , he retired . Family . On 17 August 1956 , he married the musical comedy star Lizbeth Webb ( whose real name was Elizabeth Holton ) . They had two sons : Lachlan Philip Kemeys Campbell , an artist and illustrator ( " Eton Colours , When It Happened In Scotland , " and " When It Happened In Britain " ) , born in 1958 , who has three children , Archie , Georgia and Ivo ; and Rory Charles Fitzgerald Campbell , an opera singer and actor who owns the entertainment company Encore Management Ltd . , born in 1961 , who has a daughter , Olivia . When Campbell died at the age of 83 , he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his elder son Lachlan .
Uesugi Zenshū , also known as Uesugi Ujinori , was the chief advisor to Ashikaga Mochiuji , an enemy of the Ashikaga shogunate in feudal Japan . When he was rebuked by Mochiuji in 1415 , and forced to resign , Zenshū organized a rebellion . Zenshū received aid for his rebellion from nearly half the daimyo in the northern and eastern provinces , and took Kamakura . Mochiuji was forced to flee the city . However , despite pursuing similar goals to those of the shogunate ( " bakufu " ) , Zenshū was still rebelling against his lord , and so the " bakufu " had no choice but to send troops to stop him . In 1417 , Zenshū and his allies found themselves surrounded . They fled to Kamakura ' s Tsurugaoka Hachiman - gū , where Zenshū committed " seppuku " . The rebellion did not end with Zenshū ' s death , however , and neither did Mochiuji ' s opposition to it . For more than five years , Mochiuji continued to attack Zenshū ' s allies , including the Oda clan , Takeda family , and nobles of Musashi Province . Anger towards Mochiuji and his office only continued to grow , until the " bakufu " took action to stop him in 1423 .