naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Carthage Operation Carthage , on 21 March 1945 , was a controversial British air raid on Copenhagen , Denmark , during World War II . The target of the raid was the " Shellhus " , Gestapo headquarters , in the city centre , a building that had been used for the storage of dossiers and the torture of Danish citizens . A similar raid against Gestapo head quarters in Aarhus October 31 , 1944 , had been successful . Background . The raid was requested by members of the Danish resistance movement in the hope of freeing imprisoned members and destroying records of the Gestapo . The R . A . F . initially turned down the request as too risky , due to the location in a crowded city core and the need for low - level bombing , but the raid was approved in early 1945 after repeated requests . Once approval had been given , its planning took several weeks . This included producing scale models of the target building , and the surrounding city itself , in preparation for a very low - level attack . Raid . The attacking force consisted of Royal Air Force de Havilland Mosquito F . B . VI fast bombers of No . 21 Squadron RAF , No . 464 Squadron RAAF , and No . 487 Squadron RNZAF , from the No . 140 Wing RAF . These were organised in three waves of six aircraft with two RAF reconnaissance Mosquito B . IVs to record the effects of the attack . Thirty RAF P - 51 Mustang fighters gave air cover from German aircraft , and these also attacked antiaircraft gun s during the raid . The force left RAF Fersfield in the morning and it reached Copenhagen after 1100 hours . The raid was carried out at rooftop level . In the course of the initial attack , a Mosquito hit a lamp post , damaging its wing , and the plane crashed into the Jeanne d ' Arc School , about from the target . Several bombers in the second and third wave attacked the burning school , thinking it was their target , and as a result 86 schoolchildren died in the school , along with 18 adults , including many nuns . Results . On the following day , a reconnaissance plane surveyed the target to assess the results . The damage was heavy , with the west wing of the six - story building reduced to nearly ground level . The Danish underground supplied a photograph showing the building burning from end to end . The raid had succeeded in destroying Gestapo headquarters and severely disrupting Gestapo operations in Denmark , as well as allowing the escape of 18 prisoners of the Gestapo . Fifty - five German soldiers , 47 of the Danish employees of the Gestapo , and eight prisoners died in the headquarters itself . Four Mosquito bomber s and two Mustang fighter s were lost , and nine airmen died on the Allied side .
League of Corinth The League of Corinth , also referred to sometimes as the Hellenic League ( from Greek Ἑλληνκός - " Hellenikos " , " pertaining to Greece and Greeks " ) was a federation of Greek states created by Philip II of Macedon during the winter of 338 BC / 337 BC after the Battle of Chaeronea , to facilitate his use of military forces in his war against Persia . The name ' League of Corinth ' was invented by modern historians due to the first council of the League being in Corinth . It was the first time in history that all the Greek states ( with the notable exception of Sparta ) managed to become part of a single political entity . Organization . The League was governed by the Hegemon ( " strategos autokrator " in a military context ) , the Synedrion ( council ) and the Dikastai ( judges ) . Decrees of the league were issued in Corinth , Athens , Delphi , Olympia and Pydna . The League maintained an army levied from member states in approximate proportion to their size , while Philip established garrisons ( commanded by phrourarch s = garrison commanders ) in Corinth , Thebes , and Ambracia . The League during the Alexandrian campaigns . The decision for the Destruction of Thebes as transgressor of the above oath was taken by the council of the League of Corinth by a large majority . The League is mentioned by Arrian ( I , 16 , 11 ) , after the battle of Granicus ( 334 BC ) . Alexander sent 300 panoplies to the temple of Pallas Athena in Athens , with the following inscription . During 331 BC after the battle of Megalopolis , Sparta was forced to join the League of Corinth . During the Asiatic campaign , Antipater was appointed deputy hegemon of the League . Aftermath . The League was dissolved after the Lamian War ( 322 BC ) . During 302 BC King Antigonus of Macedon and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes tried to revive the federation against Cassander . Antigonus III Doson ( king of Macedon from 229 BC to 221 BC ) also revived the League against Sparta during 224 BC .
USS Curry County ( LST - 685 ) USS " Curry County " ( LST - 685 ) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named after counties in New Mexico and Oregon , she was the only U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . LST - 685 was laid down on 21 December 1943 at Jeffersonville , Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company ; launched on 18 February 1944 ; sponsored by Miss Agnes J . Langley ; and commissioned on 7 April 1944 . Service history . Following World War II , LST - 685 performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid - April 1946 . She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 22 July 1946 . On 13 January 1947 the ship was placed in service and used for Naval Reserve training out of Tompkinsville , New York . She was inactivated on 2 June 1950 at Green Cove Springs , Florida . On 1 July 1955 she was redesignated USS " Curry County " ( LST - 685 ) . The tank landing ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1958 . Sold for commercial purposes ( date unknown ) , the ship was listed in the 1959 issue of " La Marina Mercante Argentina " edited by the Instituto de Estudios de la Marina Mercante Argentina as Sulmar , owned by Navemar S . A . , Argentina , working between Argentine and Brazilian ports . Her final fate is unknown .
Manius Aquillius ( consul 129 BC ) Manius Aquillius , member of the ancient Roman " gens Aquillia " , was Consul in 129 BC . He put an end to the war which had been carried on against Aristonicus , the son of Eumenes II king of Pergamon , and which had been almost terminated by his predecessor , Marcus Perperna . On his return to Rome , he was accused by Publius Lentulus of maladministration in his province , Asia ( Roman province ) , but was acquitted by bribing the judges . He obtained a triumph on account of his successes in Asia , but not until 126 BC .
William Roberts ( veteran ) William ( Bill ) Roberts ( 29 September 1900 – 30 April 2006 ) was , one of the final surviving British veterans of the First World War . As a fourteen - year - old boy Roberts was present in Hartlepool during the Imperial German Navy ' s bombardment . After Roberts ' father was killed in the battle of the Somme in 1916 , he joined the RFC . William , who worked as an aircraft fitter , claimed to have flown with T . E . Lawrence . After the war he became a local authority transport manager . Roberts lived in Jacksdale until his death in April 2006 at the age of 105 .
Retrenchment ( military ) Retrenchment is a technical term in fortification , where it is applied to a work or series of works constructed in rear of existing defences in order to bar the further progress of the enemy should he succeed in breaching or storming these . An example was in the siege of Port Arthur in 1904 .
Helmut Pleß Helmut Pleß ( 2 November 1918 – 25 December 1999 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II , and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Finnegan ( DE - 307 ) USS " Finnegan " ( DE - 307 ) was an constructed for the United States Navy during World War II . She was sent off into the Pacific Ocean to protect convoys and other ships from Japanese submarines and fighter aircraft . She performed escort and antisubmarine operations in dangerous battle areas and returned home with three well - earned battle star s . She was named after Chief Radio Electrician William Michael Finnegan who was killed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ; was launched on 22 February 1944 by Mare Island Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . Charles Schroeder , sister of Ensign Finnegan ; and commissioned on 19 August 1944 , Lieutenant Commander Hoffman , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific Theater operations . " Finnegan " arrived at Pearl Harbor on 8 November 1944 to serve as escort for submarines conducting training exercises prior to their war patrols . She voyaged to Midway Island escorting a transport between 11 and 20 December , then returned to duty with submarines until 9 January 1945 . After amphibious training exercises in the Hawaiian Islands , " Finnegan " sailed escorting a group of LST s and submarine chaser s , two of which she towed for parts of the passage to Saipan . Supporting the Iwo Jima operations . On 15 February 1945 , the escort ship sailed from Saipan for the assault on Iwo Jima , during which she screened transports as they launched their boats for the initial invasion on 19 February . Sinking of Japanese Submarine I - 370 . On 26 February , while escorting empty transports to Saipan , " Finnegan " made a surface contact by Radarman Robert N . Perry radar , and was detached from the screen to locate and sink in a four - hour attack , in . Radarman Perry was given $ 50 . 00 by the Captain for catching the early morning contact . Supporting invasion of Okinawa operations . From Saipan , " Finnegan " screened the transports on to " Espiritu Santo " , arriving 15 March 1945 . She sailed ten days later for Ulithi , the vast base from which the Okinawa assault was staged , and on 9 April , she reached the newly assaulted island . Sailing on anti - submarine patrols , as well as screening assault shipping , " Finnegan " fired to drive off a would - be suicide plane on 28 May . On 10 July she departed Okinawa for duty in the Philippines on local escort and patrol assignments until 15 September . Post - War decommissioning . " Finnegan " then sailed for Eniwetok , Pearl Harbor , and Charleston , South Carolina , where she was decommissioned and placed in reserve on 27 November 1945 . She was sold for scrapping in June 1946 . Awards . " Finnegan " received three battle star s for World War II service .
13th Indian Infantry Brigade The 13th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . The brigade was formed in October 1940 , at Campbellpore and assigned to the 7th Indian Infantry Division . It was transferred to the 1st Burma Division in July 1941 , and after the withdrawal to India renamed the 113th Indian Infantry Brigade in June 1942 . In August 1943 , the brigade became a dedicated jungle warfare training brigade until the end of the war .
Shelley Scarlett , 5th Baron Abinger Commander Shelley Leopold Laurence Scarlett , 5th Baron Abinger ( 1 April 1872 – 23 May 1917 ) , was a British peer . Scarlett was the son of Lieutenant - Colonel Leopold James Yorke Campbell Scarlett , and a great - grandson of the 1st Baron Abinger . He succeeded his second cousin in 1903 , and was a Commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve . He served in World War I from 1915 - 1916 in the Bedfordshire Regiment . He was serving at the Admiralty at the time of his death . Though married to Lilia Lucy Catherine Mary White ( daughter of the Right Honourable Sir William Arthur White ) in 1899 , they had no male heirs . Thus , Lord Abinger was succeeded by his brother Robert at his death .
No . 6 Repair Depot RCAF No . 6 Repair Depot ( 6 RD ) was an aircraft modification and repair unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force ' s Air Materiel Command located at Trenton , Ontario . Duties of No . 6 RD included handling aircraft at other stations around southern Ontario and assisting with aircraft being serviced or modified at other locations such as Avro where aircraft were modified for postwar use . No . 6RD personnel ferried many aircraft types to and from Trenton , and flew aircraft to storage facilities after the Second World War . Aircraft salvage was another responsibility . Crashed aircraft or aircraft that had forced - landed were cleaned up or dismantled to be shipped back to Trenton . CFB Trenton was built over swamps and sometimes No . 6 RD personnel lived in tents for temporary housing . Nicknamed " tent city " , the mechanics had to sleep there for many weeks in a row . During New Year ' s Eve of 1952 , fireworks set fire to hangar No . 9 and it burned to the ground along with three Lancasters , two Mitchells , one Grumman Goose , a Harvard and numerous pieces of handling equipment . No . 6RD specialized in the repair of North American Harvard trainers as well as Avro Anson s , Liberator s and Spitfires for the RCAF and the RAF in 1940 until after the Second World War . The unit ' s slogan was " Nil Nobis Irreparabile " ( Translation : Nothing Beyond Repair For Us " ) until 1978 when they changed their slogan to " Excellence " . In 1970 , the name changed to the Aerospace Maintenance Development Unit , or AMDU . The AMDU helped in the exchange of the Canadian CF - 5 s to Venezuela . Also , the No . 6 RD personnel built the Silver Dart II in 1959 .
Battle of Frankenhausen The Battle of Frankenhausen was fought on 15 May 1525 . It was the final act of the German Peasants ' War : joint troops of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Duke George of Saxony defeated the peasants under their leader Thomas Müntzer near Frankenhausen in the County of Schwarzburg . On April 29 , 1525 , the struggles in and around Frankenhausen had culminated into an open revolt . Large parts of the citizenry joined the uprising , occupied the town hall and stormed the castle of the Counts of Schwarzburg . In the following days , a rising number of insurgents gathered around the town , and when Müntzer arrived with 300 fighters from Mühlhausen on May 11 several thousand peasants of the surrounding Thuringian and Saxon estates camped in the fields and pastures . However Philip of Hesse and his father - in - law George of Saxony were on Müntzer ' s trail and directed their Landsknecht troops toward Frankenhausen . The Princes ' troops were mostly mercenaries . As such they were well - equipped , were well - trained , and had good morale . The peasants , in contrast , were badly equipped with scythe s and flail s , had no training whatsoever , and furthermore were in disagreement whether to fight against or to negotiate with the enemy . Nevertheless on May 14 they had been able to ward off some smaller attacks of the Hesse and Brunswick troopers , though they failed to reap the benefits of their victory . Instead the insurgents arranged a ceasefire and withdrew into a wagon fort to co - ordinate their further course of action , while the Saxon forces approached . The next day Philip ' s troops united with the Saxon army of Duke George and immediately broke the truce , starting a heavy combined infantry , cavalry and artillery attack . The peasants were caught off guard and fled in panic to the town , followed and continuously attacked by the mercenaries . Most of the insurgents were slain in what turned out to be a massacre . Casualty figures are unreliable but peasant losses have been estimated at 3 - 10 , 000 and the Landsknecht casualties estimated as low as six ( two of whom were only wounded ) . Müntzer himself was captured , tortured and finally executed at Mühlhausen on May 27 , 1525 . Aftermath . At Frankenhausen , the battle is depicted , along with many other scenes of that age , on the world ' s largest oil painting , Werner Tübke ' s " Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland " ( " Early Bourgeois Revolution in Germany " ) , which is long , high , and housed in its own specially built museum . The painting was ordered by the socialist leadership of East Germany , who regarded Müntzer as a revolutionary and thus as one of their forebears ; work on it went on between 1975 and 1987 . However Tübke did not produce a heroic painting , contrary to the state ' s wishes , but depicted the events at Frankenhausen as a colossal failure for all parties involved .
Mississippi River Squadron The Mississippi River Squadron was the Union naval squadron that operated on the western rivers during the American Civil War . It was initially created as a part of the Union Army , although it was commanded by naval officers , and was then known as the Western Gunboat Flotilla and sometimes as the Mississippi Flotilla . It received its final designation when it was transferred to the Union Navy at the beginning of October 1862 . History . American Civil War . The squadron was created on May 16 , 1861 , and was controlled by the Union Army until September 30 , 1862 . John Rodgers was the first commander of the squadron and was responsible for the construction and organization of the fleet . Flag Officer Andrew H . Foote relieved Rodgers and encouraged the army commander in the west , Major General Henry W . Halleck , to authorize an expedition down the Tennessee River against Fort Henry . Operating in conjunction with Ulysses S . Grant ' s Army of the District of Cairo , Foote subdued Fort Henry before Grant ' s troops could take their positions . Foote led the squadron in the attack on Fort Donelson and then joined with Maj . Gen . John Pope ' s Army of the Mississippi for a joint attack on Island No . 10 on the Mississippi River . Charles H . Davis relieved Foote and proceeded to take Fort Pillow on the Mississippi . The U . S . Ram Fleet , commanded by Colonel Charles Ellet , Jr . , accompanied the squadron during the Battle of Memphis . After the capture of Memphis the squadron was transferred to the control of the U . S . Navy . The transfer included the Ram Fleet , by then reconstituted as the Mississippi Marine Brigade . Davis aided Grant ' s first and unsuccessful campaign against Vicksburg . Rear Admiral David D . Porter relieved Davis in command and led the squadron at Arkansas Post and during the successful Vicksburg Campaign and siege of the city . Porter led the squadron during the disastrous Red River Campaign and when the waters of the river dropped the fleet was almost lost . The engineering abilities of Colonel Joseph Bailey who supervised the construction of Bailey ' s Dam helped save the fleet . Command temporarily passed to Alexander Pennock before Samuel P . Lee assumed command . Lee was in command until the squadron was discontinued on August 14 , 1865 .
Anketell Moutray Read Anketell Moutray Read VC ( 27 October 1884 – 25 September 1915 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Background . He was the son of Col . J . Moutray Read of Cheltenham and Mrs . E . Moutray Read of St . Leonards on Sea , East Sussex . He was born in October 1884 and educated at Glengarth , Cheltenham , and at the United Service College , Westward Ho , and passed direct into Sandhurst in 1901 . Gazetted to the Gloucester Regiment , he served with them three years in India . He transferred to the Seventh Hariana Lancers , and exchanged to the Northants . Regiment in 1911 . He joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1912 , and went with them to France with the first Expeditionary Force in August 1914 . He fought at Mons and in the retreat to the Marne . He was attached to the 9th Lancers , and while with them was severely wounded during the fighting on the Aisne in September 1914 . Captain Read was well known as an athlete and won the heavyweight championship ( boxing ) of India eight times , and the middle - weight twice . He also won the Army and Navy heavyweight championship at Aldershot and Portsmouth three times , an unequalled record . During one match , an opponent recalls wishing to throw in the towel against Read , citing his " devastating jab " . As a result , Read earned the nickname " Widowmaker " . Mrs . Moutray Read received news of her son ' s death while living at 3 Wentworth Place , Wicklow , Co . Wicklow , also a British Army Field Hospital Supplies Depot . Captain Read is listed on a brass commemorative plaque along with other local men at Wicklow Parish Church , Wicklow , Co . Wicklow . Details . He was 30 years old , and a captain in the 1st Battalion , The Northamptonshire Regiment , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 25 September 1915 near Hulluch , France , Captain Read , although partially gassed , went out several times in order to rally parties of different units which were disorganised and retiring . He led them back into the firing line and regardless of danger to himself , moved about under withering fire , encouraging them , but he was mortally wounded while carrying out this gallant work . He had shown conspicuous bravery on other occasions , particularly on the night of 29 / 30 July when he carried out of action an officer who was mortally wounded , under a hot fire of rifle and grenades . Further information . Captain Read is buried in the Dud Corner Cemetery , Le Rutoire , near Loos , France . 2 miles NW of Lens . Plot VII , Row F , Grave 19 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is on loan to and displayed at the Museum of The Northamptonshire Regiment ( 48th & 58th Foot ) , Northampton , England .
SS Gouverneur Morris SS " Gouverneur Morris " ( Hull Number 1627 ) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Gouverneur Morris , author of large sections of the United States Constitution , including the Preamble . The ship was laid down on 29 March 1943 , then launched on 18 April 1943 . She was given to the Soviet Union in 1943 , where she was renamed the " Leningrad " . Later in her life , she was given the name " Ivan Kulibin " , but was eventually scrapped in 1974 .
President ' s Own Guard Regiment The President ' s Own Guard Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Ghanaian Army . The regiment was founded in 1960 as the Presidential Guard Regiment following Ghana ' s independence , when Kwame Nkrumah increased the Presidential Bodyguard from a company to a full regiment . Initially , it was made up of soldiers who had become unfit for operational service , and was intended to act as a ceremonial unit . However , following attempts on his life , Nkrumah ordered that the regiment be expanded and reinforced , renaming it as the President ' s Own Guard Regiment , and bringing it under the direct control of the Presidential Detail Department . In 1965 , the regiment was removed from the command structure of the army , being accountable directly to the President . By February 1966 , the regiment consisted of two battalions and almost 1 , 200 officers and men , trained by Soviet advisers . Because of the regiment ' s status ( it was better trained , equipped , paid and clothed than the regular army ) , significant resentment was directed at its members , which led to violence directed against it by the army during the coup that overthrew Nkrumah . After this , the regiment was reintegrated into the Ghanaian Army . Today , the regiment consists of a single battalion . The regiment ' s primary function remains as a bodyguard to the President of Ghana and to defend the Presidential Palace in Accra .
HMS B4 HMS " B4 " was a Royal Navy B class submarine , built at Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness , launched on 14 November 1905 and completed on 28 January 1906 . " B4 " was sold for breaking up on 1 April 1919 to the Ardrossan Dry Dock Co .
2007 Army Black Knights football team The 2007 Army Black Knights football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 2007 college football season . The Black Knights , led by first - year head coach Stan Brock , competed as an Independent and played their home games at the Michie Stadium .