naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Maple During World War II , Operation Maple was a naval mine laying operation in support of the invasion of northern France ( Operation Overlord ) . Operation Maple was part of Operation Neptune . The objectives were stated as : The mines were laid by ships and aircraft , including the " HMS Apollo " , " HMS Plover " , 10th , 50th , 51st and 52nd M . L . Flotillas , and the 9th , 13th , 14th , 21st , 22nd and 64th M . T . B . Flotillas . In addition , mines were laid from the air by Halifax , Sterling and Lancaster bombers of numbers 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 Groups , Bomber Command , Royal Air Force . With the exception of the field laid in the Straits of Dover , and an area mined by aircraft to the north of the Frisian Islands , all the minefields were offensive in character . The two semi - defensive minefields , referred to above , were intended primarily to counter any movement of enemy heavier forces from the east . In April and May 1944 , some of the mines laid were timed to become effective at various dates so as to escape being swept before the invasion of France . During the course of Operation MAPLE , a total of 6 , 850 mines were laid . Of these , 42 % were laid by naval forces in 66 operations and 58 % were laid by aircraft in 1 , 800 sorties . These operations made an effective contribution to the general immunity from surface and U - Boat attack enjoyed by the assault forces . A considerable number of casualties were inflicted on the enemy , and their minesweeping organization was stretched to the limit . Minefields in the vicinity of Ushant and off the Brittany coast had the desired effect of driving U - Boats into open water , where they could be dealt with by allied anti - submarine forces . The special operation in the Kiel Canal resulted in a complete dislocation of the enemy organization at an important moment . The entire operation cost the allied cause , in casualties , only one Motor Torpedo Boat 2 and 19 minelaying aircraft . A linked operation , " Bravado " laid mines in German waters , in and around the Kiel Canal . The objective was to disrupt German naval movements .
Hazara Expedition of 1888 The Hazara Expedition of 1888 , also known as the Black Mountain Expedition or the First Hazara Expedition , was a military campaign by the British against the tribes of Kala Dhaka ( then known as the Black Mountains of Hazara ) in the Hazara region of what is now Pakistan . On June 18 , 1888 two British officers and four Gurkha soldiers were killed in an altercation between British reconnaissance patrols and antagonistic tribes . As a response , the Hazara Field Force was assembled and began its march on October 4 , 1888 , after an ultimatum had not been satisfied by the tribes by October 2 , 1888 . The first phase of the campaign ended with the Hassanzai and Akazai tribes requesting an armistice on October 19 , 1888 . The second phase of the campaign targeted the tribes that lived north of Black Mountain such as the Allaiwals . The campaign ended when the Allaiwal village of Pokal was occupied and destroyed by the British on November 2 and 3 , 1888 .
115th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 113th Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 38th ( Welsh ) Division . Formation . The infantry battalions did not all serve at once , but all were assigned to the brigade during the war .
Bombing of Friedrichshafen in World War II Friedrichshafen was bombed during World War II as part of the Allied strategic bombing campaign against German war material industry , particularly in the targeting of German fighter aircraft production and that against long range missiles . Background . Friedrichshafen lies in the Bodenseekreis district , on Lake Constance in the extreme south of Germany , and at the time it was at the edge of the German nightfighter defences . Targets included the " Dornier Flugzeugwerke " aircraft works at Manzell , the Maybach tank engine factory , the " Luftschiffbau Zeppelin " aircraft works and its Oberraderach test facility near Raderach , and the " Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen " ( Literally " gearwheel factory Friedrichshafen " ) tank gearbox factory . In February 1944 an underground factory at Immenstaad near Friedrichshafen was suspected of being a synthetic oil and / or liquid oxygen plant . | 1944 - 10 Near Überlingen forced labor of KZ - Häftlinge im Goldbacher Stollen , KZ Nebenlager Raderach and the Aufkirch subcamp of Dachau concentration camp was used for constructing an underground facility for armament manufacturing ( code name " Magnesit " ) safe from Allied air raids .
Mark Anthony Graham Mark Anthony Graham ( May 17 , 1973 in Gordon Town , Jamaica – September 4 , 2006 in Panjwaii , Afghanistan ) was a Canadian Olympic athlete and soldier who died while participating in Operation Medusa during the NATO mission in Afghanistan . Graham grew up in Hamilton , Ontario , lived in Calgary , Alberta and had been stationed at CFB Petawawa in Ontario . He attended Chedoke Middle School and then Sir Allan MacNab Secondary School in Hamilton , then the University of Nebraska and later Kent State in Ohio on track - and - field scholarships . Death . On September 4 , 2006 Graham was killed in a friendly fire incident when two USAF A - 10 Thunderbolts fired on his platoon , having mistaken them for Taliban insurgents .
John Bertie John R . " Jack " Bertie ( May 17 , 1922 - August 9 , 2010 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War II . He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Tinian . His award citation reads : Bertie was born on May 17 , 1923 . His official residence at the time of his award was listed as Eau Claire , Wisconsin . Born in Mitchell , South Dakota , Jack grew up in St . Paul , Minnesota , and attended high school in Eau Claire , Wisconsin . Jack was a retired Naval Captain , proud of having served during World War II as an Aircraft Carrier Fighter Pilot . A member of a squadron based on the flagship U . S . S . Bunker Hill , he had a Hellcat practically shot out from underneath him during a sunrise attack on Tinian near Saipan on February 22 , 1944 . One of the four “ Black Chickens ” sent to open “ the day of devastation ” on Japan ’ s medium bomber base in the Mariana Islands , his squad flew through a rain squall emerging to find themselves wing to wing as much as three deep in Japanese Zeros . Only three “ Black Chickens ” returned to the carrier , but five Zeros ended their careers that day thanks to the squad . Ensign Bertie was the outstanding Ace of the day , bringing down three enemy aircraft himself , despite extensive damage to his fighter from Zero fire and Japanese anti - aircraft guns , and sustaining as many as twenty - two bullet wounds in his left arm and leg . Although wounded and without a compass , he managed to navigate 130 miles back to his ship by means of the sun . With an incapacitated left arm , he managed to manually lower his flaps and wheels , put his guns on safety and land safely . His unsalvageable plane was pushed over the side of the ship . “ For heroic conduct , superior airmanship , combat readiness , gallant fortitude and utter disregard for personal safety , ” Jack was awarded the Navy Cross , the highest possible military honor other than the Congressional Medal of Honor . He also received the Distinguished Flying Cross , the Purple Heart , and eight other honors . He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1983 . On November 29 , 1952 , he married Joan B . Loiselle , of Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin and they lived in the Twin Cities . They have two children , Eileen Anne , of Superior , Arizona and John Christopher of St . Paul . Co - founder of Bertie and Bettenburg , Attorneys at Law , Jack graduated from the College of St . Thomas and St . Paul College of Law ( now William Mitchell ) following his military service . He was a lifelong member of the Midway Kiwanis Club , the Knights of Columbus , Veterans of Foreign Wars , the American Legion , and the Military order of the Purple Heart . He was an avid golfer and a member of the Town and Country Club as long as he was able to swing a driver .
Denel Aviation Denel Aviation is the aircraft maintenance division of the state - owned Denel corporation of South Africa . It is one of the successors of the Atlas Aircraft Corporation . History . When the Atlas Aircraft Corporation was absorbed into the Denel conglomerate in 1992 its name was changed to Denel Aviation . In 2006 the division was split with Denel Aerostructures becoming the manufacturing division and Denel Aviation specialising in aircraft servicing and maintenance . Activities . The company currently provides product support services to the Ecuadorian Air Force ' s fleet of Atlas Cheetah fighter jets , having been the original manufacturer as Atlas Aircraft . Denel Aviation provides maintenance services for various aircraft manufactured by Eurocopter , Lockheed Martin , SAAB , Agusta Westland , British Aerospace and Airbus amongst others . The company provides maintenance for the South African Air Force ' s Saab JAS 39 Gripen , BAE Systems Hawk , Denel Rooivalk , Atlas Oryx , Lockheed C - 130 Hercules , CASA C - 212 and Cessna 208 Caravan aircraft .
Jack A . Davenport Jack Arden Davenport ( September 7 , 1931 – September 21 , 1951 ) was a former Golden Gloves boxer and a United States Marine who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions and sacrifice of life during the Korean War . Biography . Jack Davenport was born September 7 , 1931 in Kansas City , Missouri , where he graduated from high school in 1949 . While in high school , he was a newspaper carrier for the Kansas City Star and played American Legion baseball for three seasons . Upon completing high school , he studied for a year at the University of Kansas , where he was a member of the freshman football team . He enlisted in the Marine Corps on July 25 , 1950 , and completed his recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego , California , that September . He was then stationed with the Training and Replacement Command at Camp Pendleton , California , until December 1950 , when he embarked to join the 5th Marines in Korea . In the early morning of September 21 , 1951 , Corporal Davenport sacrificed his life to save the life of a fellow Marine in Korea . He was standing watch together with another Marine when an enemy hand grenade landed in their foxhole . Without thought of his own safety , Davenport found the grenade in the dark and smothered its explosion with his own body in order to save the life of his fellow Marine . His body was returned to the United States in January 1952 to be buried at Mount Moriah Cemetery , Hickman Mills , Missouri . Davenport ' s father , Fred received the Medal of Honor on January 7 , 1953 from U . S . Secretary of the Navy Dan A . Kimball in Washington , D . C .
396th Bombardment Group The 396th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Third Air Force , being stationed at Drew Field , Florida . It was inactivated on 1 May 1944 . Activated during World War II initially as a Second Air Force B - 17 Flying Fortress operational training unit ( OTU ) . Reassigned to Third Air Force in November 1943 as a replacement training unit ( RTU ) when Second Air Force switched to B - 29 Superfortress training .
61st Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 61st Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army traditionally associated with the 5th Infantry Division . History . The regiment ' s campaign honors include Vietnam War . Where it took part in Operation Montana Mauler on the Khe Sanh plateau in 1969 , and the United States invasion of Panama in 1989 . The 1st Battalion of the 61st Infantry Regiment is one of the Basic Combat Training ( BCT ) units within the US Army . The 61st " Roadrunners " are located in Fort Jackson , South Carolina . There are six companies , Alpha " Gators " , Bravo " Bulldogs " , Charlie " Roughnecks " ( lead the way ) , Delta " Dragons " , Echo " War Eagles " , and Foxtrot " Phantoms " with four platoons in each Company . Alpha has " DeathRow " ( 1st ) " Black Knights " ( 2nd ) " Mad Dawgs " ( 3rd ) and " Hellraisers " ( 4th ) . Charlie has " Renegades " ( 1st ) " Skullcrushers " ( 2nd ) " Marauders " ( 3rd ) and " Legion of Doom " ( 4th ) . Delta having the War Dawgs ( 1st ) , Bone Crushers ( 2nd ) , Ruff Ryders ( 3rd ) and Notorious Outlaws ( 4th ) . Fox Company has the Renegades ( 1st ) , Outlaws ( 2nd ) , Nightstalkers ( 3rd ) , and Punishers ( 4th ) . The 61st is a gender integrated BCT unit . A silver color metal and enamel device 1 3 / 32 inches ( 2 . 78 cm ) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned : Azure , a pale wavy Argent charged with a fusil Gules , on a canton embattled of the second a field gun of the third on a mount Vert . This regiment was organized in June 1917 from the 7th Infantry and participated in World War I in the 5th Division , the insignia of which is carried on the shield . The wavy pale represents the Meuse River , the crossing of which near Dun in November 1918 was the outstanding operation of the regiment . The distinctive unit insignia was approved in 10 Jun 1931 . Azure , a pale wavy Argent charged with a fusil Gules . On a canton embattled of the second a field gun of the third on a mount Vert . On a wreath of the colors Argent and Azure a lion rampant Sable armed and langued Gules grasping in his dexter paw the shoulder sleeve insignia of the 5th Division Proper . Coat Of Arms . Blazon . Motto THE BEST LEAD THE REST . This regiment was organized in June 1917 from the 7th Infantry and participated in World War I in the 5th Division , the insignia of which is carried on the shield and also the crest . The wavy pale represents the Meuse River , the crossing of which near Dun in November 1918 was the outstanding operation of the regiment . The lion of the crest is taken from the arms of Montmédy , the nearest place to Dun having a coat of arms . The coat of arms was originally approved in 9 Jun 1920 . It was amended on 16 Jul 1920 to change the wording in the blazon of the shield . On 25 Oct 1965 the coat of arms was amended to add a motto .
Hazel Wallace Captain Hazel LeRoy Wallace DFC ( 13 November 1897 – 22 March 1976 ) was a Canadian First World War flying ace , officially credited with 14 victories . His record shows him to have been a notable team player in squadron tactics . Wallace originally served with 9 Squadron RNAS in 1917 as a Sopwith Camel pilot . He won his first dogfights there , sharing victories on 6 and 16 September 1917 with Joseph Stewart Temple Fall and several other pilots . He then transferred to 1 Squadron RNAS in early 1918 . On 11 March 1918 , he scored a solo victory , driving an Albatros D . V down out of control . Five days later , he shared a win with Maxwell Findlay . Wallace would not score again until 2 May , when he , Reginald Brading , Samuel Kinkead , and several other British pilots sent a hapless German observation plane down out of control ; Wallace thus became an ace . His next triumph on the morning of 15 May was more of the same , as Wallace , Findlay , Kinkead , Brading , Charles Dawson Booker , Robert McLaughlin , and three other British pilots pounced upon and destroyed an Albatros D . V . A solo " out of control " win on the afternoon patrol for the 15th , and another the next day put Wallace ' s tally at eight . He then transferred to 3 Squadron as the C Flight Commander . On 20 July 1918 , he and Adrian Franklyn drove a Hannover two - seater observation plane down out of control . He continued to score with his new unit – mostly solo victories , but with one win shared with George R . Riley – bringing his total to thirteen by 21 August . The next day , he became a balloon buster , teaming with Riley to bring down a German observation balloon . Though he scored no further victories , his Distinguished Flying Cross was awarded on 2 November 1918 . Text of citations . Lieut . ( T . / Capt . ) Hazel Le Roy Wallace . A gallant and most capable leader , who in many engagements has displayed marked ability and courage , notably in a recent attack on an aerodrome when he led his flight against the group of hangars allotted to him at an altitude of between 100 to 200 feet . By direct hits he destroyed three enemy aeroplanes and set fire to a hangar by machine - gun fire . In addition to above this officer has destroyed four aeroplanes and driven three down out of control .
71st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 71st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 71st Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Douglas at Chicago , Illinois and mustered into Federal service on July 26 , 1862 for a term of three months . It served garrisons in scattered garrisons in southern Illinois and western Kentucky . Company K unanimously elected James Creed as captain , which was responsible for protecting two bridges along the Big Muddy river in southern Illinois from Confederate sympathizers . The regiment was mustered out on October 29 , 1862 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 23 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 23 fatalities .
John Melvin Lieutenant ( junior grade ) John T . Melvin ( 16 October 1887 – 5 November 1917 ) was an officer in the United States Navy . Born at Selma , Alabama , Melvin was appointed midshipman 6 July 1907 and commissioned ensign 7 July 1911 . Resigning his commission 20 August 1915 , he was appointed lieutenant ( jg . ) , 9 February 1917 , upon his joining the Naval Reserve . Attached to the patrol boat " Alcedo " , Lieutenant ( jg . ) Melvin lost his life 5 November 1917 when that vessel was sunk by a German submarine in the war zone . " Alcedo " was the first American war vessel to go down in World War I , and Lieutenant Melvin is officially recognized as the first American naval officer to die in the war . Two destroyer s have been named USS " Melvin " for him .
Legio VII Claudia Legio septima " Claudia Pia Fidelis " ( Seventh " Claudian " Legion ) was a Roman legion . Its emblem , like that of all Caesar ' s legions , was the bull , together with the lion . The Seventh , the Sixth , the Eighth and the Ninth were all founded by Pompey in Spain in 65 BC . With the Eighth , Ninth , and Tenth legions , the Seventh was among the oldest units in the imperial Roman army . They were ordered to Cisalpine Gaul around 58 BC by Julius Caesar , and marched with him throughout the entire Gallic Wars . The Roman commander mentions the Seventh in his account of the battle against the Nervians , and it seems that it was employed during the expedition through western Gaul led by Caesar ' s deputy Crassus . In 56 , the Seventh was present during the Venetic campaign . During the crisis caused by Vercingetorix , it fought in the neighborhood of Lutetia ; it must have been active at Alesia and it was certainly involved in the mopping - up operations among the Bellovaci . Legio VII was one of the two legions used in Caesar ' s invasions of Britain , and played a crucial role in The Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC , and it existed at least until the end of the 4th century , guarding the middle Danube . Tiberius Claudius Maximus the Roman soldier who brought the head of Decebalus to the emperor Trajan , was serving in Legio VII Claudia .
Champion S . Chase Champion Spalding Chase ( March 20 , 1820 – November 3 , 1898 ) was a Nebraska politician . Born in Cornish , New Hampshire , he went on to teach in Amsterdam , New York . He studied law . He moved to Wisconsin and served in the Wisconsin State Senate , and the Racine , Wisconsin Board of Education . Chase served as a paymaster and was commissioned colonel during the American Civil War . Chase moved to Nebraska where he became the state ' s first attorney general , serving from 1867 to 1869 . He was a member of the University of Nebraska board of regents from 1869 to 1875 . He was elected four times to the position of mayor of Omaha , Nebraska . In 1886 he was unanimously chosen president of the Nebraska State Humane Society . Chase County , Nebraska and the unincorporated community of Champion , Nebraska that rides within Chase County are named after him .
50th Royal Tank Regiment The 50th Royal Tank Regiment ( 50 RTR ) was an armoured regiment of the British Army during the Second World War . It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment , itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps . It was originally formed as a duplicate of the 44th Royal Tank Regiment , a newly mobilised Territorial Army unit .
Metsuke Intelligence gathering . The shogunate recognized the need for some kind of internal intelligence - gathering apparatus and for some degree of covert espionage within its own ranks . It could be said that the " metsuke " functioned as the Shogun ' s intelligence agency or as internal spies , reporting to the officials in Edo on events and situations across the country . The " metsuke " were charged with focusing on those ranking below " daimyō " - status ; and their counterparts , the " ōmetsuke " , were responsible for supervising the activities of officials and members of the " daimyō " ( feudal lords ) . Although similarly engaged , the reporting protocols of the " metsuke " and " ōmetsuke " differed . The " metsuke " reported to " wakadoshiyori " who ranked just below the " rōjū " . The " ōmetsuke " reported directly to the four or five " rōjū " at the top of the shogunate bureaucracy . By design , the intelligence - gathering activities of the " metsuke " was intended to complement those of the " ōmetsuke " even though there was no official reporting relationship between the two somewhat independent groups . There were at any given time as many as twenty - four " metsuke " . Ad hoc evolution . The bureaucracy of the Tokugawa shogunate expanded on an " ad hoc " basis , responding to perceived needs and changing circumstances . Sometimes one or more of the " metsuke " or " ōmetsuke " would have been selected to address a specific or even a unique problem . For example , Arao Norimasa in the period from 1852 through 1854 was charged with special duties as " kaibo - gakari - metsuke " . The prefix " kaibō - gakari " meaning " in charge of maritime defense " was used with the titles of some " bakufu " officials after 1845 . This term was used to designate those who bore a special responsibility for overseeing coastal waters , and by implication , for dealing with matters involving foreigners . " " Kaibō - gakari - metsuke " " later came to be superseded by the term " gaikoku - gakari . " These developments prceeded the " Gaikoku bugyō " system which began just prior to the negotiations which resulted in the Harris Treaty . First appointed in August 1858 , the " gaikoku - bugyō " were bakufu officials who were charged with advising the government on foreign affairs and who were tasked with conducting negotiations with foreign diplomats both in Japan and abroad . In popular culture . The post of " metsuke " was , of course , not immune to corruption ; and sometimes the conduct of these officials could be affected by bribes . For example , the televised " jidaigeki " episodes of " Abarenbo Shogun " are rife with petty corruption , including a broad range of officials across the span of television seasons .