naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Richard Barnes Mason Richard Barnes Mason ( January 16 , 1797July 25 , 1850 ) was a career officer in the United States Army and the fifth military governor of California before it became a U . S . state . Early life . Mason was born at Lexington Plantation , Fairfax County , Virginia . He was the youngest son of George Mason V and his wife Elizabeth " Betsey " Mary Ann Barnes Hooe and the grandson of George Mason , one of the founding fathers of the United States . Military career . Mason was commissioned into the Army in 1817 and served in the 1st U . S . Infantry during the Black Hawk War . In 1833 , he transferred to the United States Dragoons as its first major . During the Mexican - American War , he served in New Mexico Territory and California , eventually rising to the rank of colonel . Following the war , he was appointed military governor of California , serving from May 31 , 1847 , until April 13 , 1849 . When gold was discovered at Sutter ' s Mill , Mason made a report of the finding to President James K . Polk . Mason died in 1850 at Jefferson Barracks in St . Louis , Missouri and was buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery . Honours . In 1882 , the Post at Point San Jose in San Francisco , California was renamed Fort Mason in his honour , and served as an Army base for more than 100 years . There is also a Mason Street in downtown San Francisco . Marriage and children . Mason married Elizabeth Margaret Hunter on 28 January 1836 . Richard and Elizabeth had three daughters : Relations . Richard Barnes Mason was a grandson of George Mason ( 1725 – 1792 ) ; son of George Mason V ( 1753 – 1796 ) ; brother of George Mason VI ( 1786 – 1834 ) ; grandnephew of Thomson Mason ( 1733 – 1785 ) ; first cousin once removed of Stevens Thomson Mason ( 1760 – 1803 ) , John Thomson Mason ( 1765 – 1824 ) , and William Temple Thomson Mason ( 1782 – 1862 ) ; first cousin of Thomson Francis Mason ( 1785 – 1838 ) and James Murray Mason ( 1798 – 1871 ) ; second cousin of Armistead Thomson Mason ( 1787 – 1819 ) , John Thomson Mason ( 1787 – 1850 ) , and John Thomson Mason , Jr . ( 1815 – 1873 ) ; and second cousin once removed of Stevens Thomson Mason ( 1811 – 1843 ) .
Women ' s Emergency Corps The Women ' s Emergency Corps was a service organisation founded in 1914 by Evelina Haverfield , Decima Moore , and the Women ' s Social and Political Union to contribute to the war effort of the United Kingdom in World War I . The Corps later evolved into the Women ' s Volunteer Reserve .
Memorial day for the end of the war " Memorial day for the end of the war " ( 終戦記念日 shusen - kinenbi ) is observed on 15 August in Japan each year to mark the Japanese Instrument of Surrender which effectively ended World War II . Mid - August is also the time of " Obon " ( お盆 ) , a day set aside to visit to the grave of deceased relatives and therefore highways and public transport routes are often congested .
SM UB - 48 SM " UB - 48 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . It was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 June 1917 as SM " UB - 48 " . The submarine conducted nine patrols and sank 32 ships during the war for a total loss of and one destroyer . It operated as part of the Pola Flotilla and later the II Mediterranean U - boat Flotilla based in Cattaro . " UB - 48 " was one of the most successful u - boats serving in the Mediterranean . The boat was assigned the number in the Austro - Hungarian Navy . It was scuttled in Pola after the surrender of Austria - Hungary on 28 October 1918 . Construction . " UB - 48 " was ordered by the GIN on 20 May 1916 and built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg . Following less then a year of construction , it was launched at Hamburg on 6 January 1917 . " UB - 48 " was commissioned later that same year under the command of Wolfgang Steinbauer . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 48 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 48 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 48 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged . Raiding career . < nowiki > * < / nowiki > Ship was damaged
Marie - Joseph - Camille Doré Marie - Joseph - Camille Doré ( born 1831 ) was a captain ( " Lieutenant de Vaisseau " ) in the French Navy in the 19th century . He was born in La Rochelle in western France on January 14 , 1831 . Doré fought in the Crimean War , where , at the age of 24 , he received the Légion d ' honneur for his actions . Back in La Rochelle , he was designated to be the captain of the " Plongeur " , the first submarine in the world to be equipped with mechanical propulsion . He led the experiments in sailing the submarine in 1863 - 1864 . After this period , Doré left the Navy to become the head of the " Ecole navale de la marine marchande " ( Naval school for commercial shipping ) , based in Sète on the Mediterranean . During the Franco - Prussian War , Doré offered to the Marine Ministry to re - commission the " Plongeur " , but his offer was rejected .
63rd Cavalry Division ( United States ) The US Army ' s 63rd Cavalry Division , Organized Reserve , was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units . It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions , which were not all active at its creation . The 63rd Cavalry Division was located in the Mid - Atlantic United States . The division was composed of personnel from Tennessee , Louisiana , Georgia , North Carolina , Texas , Oklahoma , & Colorado .
Musgrove Mill State Historic Site Musgrove Mill State Historic Site was the site of the Battle of Musgrove Mill , an action in the American Revolution , which occurred on August 19 , 1780 near the Enoree River , on what ( in the 21st century ) is the border between Spartanburg , Laurens and Union Counties in South Carolina , approximately seven miles from Interstate 26 . In the August 1780 , a group of 200 Patriot militiamen attempted to strike what they thought was an equal number of Loyalists camped near a ford on the Enoree River . The Loyalists , however , had recently been joined by 300 more , two hundred of them provincial regulars from the British post at Ninety Six , South Carolina . Once discovered , the Patriots were unable to either retreat or make a frontal assault . Instead they took up a position behind logs and brush on a nearby ridge and lured the Loyalists into attacking them . A fierce fight ensued and turned into a near rout for the Loyalists . Nevertheless , when the Patriot militia learned that American forces had been defeated three days before at the Battle of Camden , they also retreated . North Carolina Patriot militia leader Col . Isaac Shelby , campaigning to Musgrove Mill from the area of present day northeast Tennessee , fought at the Battle of Musgrove Mill with a small force of Overmountain Men . After the battle , Shelby and his Overmountain Men returned over the Appalachia Mountains to the Sycamore Shoals ( located at present day Elizabethton , Tennessee ) . Shelby was one of the Patriot officers mustering weeks later at Sycamore Shoals on September 25 , 1780 in advance of the early October 7 , 1780 Battle of Kings Mountain . The Musgrove Mill battle site was listed on the U . S . National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . The park includes a visitor center with interpretive exhibits , a memorial to the legendary Mary Musgrove ( featured in a popular early 19th - century novel ) , two marked trails , a picnic area , a fishing pond , a canoe launch , and a small waterfall .
Oscar Burkard Oscar R . Burkard ( December 21 , 1877 – February 18 , 1950 ) was a German - American soldier who served in the U . S . Army during the Indian Wars and World War I . In 1898 , he received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Sugar Point . Aside from being the only non - combatant to be decorated from that engagement , Burkard was also the last man to receive the medal during the Indian Wars . Biography . Born in Achern , Germany , he immigrated to the United States in 1895 and eventually enlisted in the military at Hay Creek , Minnesota . Assigned to the 3rd U . S . Infantry at Fort Snelling , he served as a private in the Hospital Corps and was present as an acting hospital steward at the Battle of Sugar Point on October 5 , 1898 . During the battle , he rescued several soldiers while under heavy fire from the Pillagers and continued to do so throughout the day . He was later awarded the Medal of Honor " " for distinguished bravery in action against hostile Indians " " and officially received the award on August 21 , 1899 . Seeing service during World War I , he retired at the rank of major and died in Rome , New York on February 18 , 1950 .
Erich Schuster Erich Schuster ( 6 November 1919 – 11 January 1943 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Fallschirmjäger during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Erich Schuster was killed on 11 January 1943 during the Tunisia Campaign . He was posthumously promoted to Oberleutnant . < div class = " references - small " >
St vz 39 ST vz . 39 or V - 8 - H was a Czechoslovakian medium tank developed by ČKD in the late 1930s . Only two prototypes were ever built . Description . In the fall of 1937 the Czechoslovak armed forces launched a contest for new medium tank . The contest participated Skoda , CKD and Tatra . Most interesting was a tank company ČKD V - 8 - H ( later ST vz . 39 ) . Immediately after the first test tank had 143 errors of which only 16 were more serious . The tanks mostly had to replace the engine , the army was at least somehow satisfied . Due to the worsening international situation , the army decided to order 300 tanks , and later a further 150 more , but the order was canceled after the Munich Agreement of 1938 . After the occupation of the remainder of Czechoslovakia March 15 , 1939 , representatives of the German armaments office selected V - 8 - H for Army testing polygon in Eisenach . As a result of fortnight testing , order was issued in November 1939 on making another prototype . This was to be delivered without turret and armament , only with a concrete block to simulate load . This marked a prototype V - 8 - HII ( second option ) , or V - 8 - Hz ( trial ) in the second half of 1940 , underwent tests in Germany Kummersdorf . Germans did not ordered production , because V - 8 - H technical parameters were only similar to already mass - produced PzKpfw III . After the occupation , the company tried to break through with a tank on the international market . Romania is the first reported , as requested by the former Czechoslovak prototypes of the T - 21 , V - 8 - H , R - 2a . All tanks passed the tests in Romania successfully . Therefore reluctant to choose a tank , considered the first R - 2a , then again on V - 8 - H , but later opted for a T - 21 , which ordered in 216 pieces . The company tried to offer tank in Sweden , China , USSR , Italy . For the last time tried in Turkey that would have required gun Skoda A7 of the LT vz 38 . Nevertheless no order has been made . Fate . Both prototypes survived war , but were scrapped soon afterward .
Dornier Do 31 The Dornier Do 31 was a West German experimental VTOL jet transport built by Dornier . The Do 31 was designed to meet a NATO specification ( BMR - 4 ) for a tactical support aircraft for the EWR VJ 101 VTOL strike aircraft designed under the NATO contract of BMR - 3 . The project was cancelled in 1970 due to high costs , technical problems and a change of requirement . Design and development . In the early 1960s , the " Luftwaffe " became increasingly concerned that its airfields were vulnerable to air attack from Eastern Bloc forces and actively researched the possibility of dispersed operations which included flying from " Autobahn en " but required aircraft with STOVL capabilities . Part of these trials involved the modification of " Luftwaffe " F - 104 Starfighter s to be rocket launched from stationary ramps in what became known as the ZELL program . The Starfighters were to be recovered to short strips using aircraft carrier - type arresting gear . The Do 31 was intended to use the same strips as forward operating bases . When the high cost , technical and logistical difficulties were realised the " Luftwaffe " ceased trials involving VTOL aircraft such as the Do 31 , VJ101 and the later VFW VAK 191B which resulted in the cancellation of these projects and further use of these aircraft was limited to research purposes only . Initial designs incorporated a Bristol Pegasus In all , three test prototypes were built , these being E1 , E2 and E3 - the " E " indicating " Experimentell " ( Experimental ) . E1 was powered only by the Pegasus engines , and was designed to test horizontal flight . E2 was a static test airframe , and did not fly . E3 had both Pegasus and RB162 lift engines installed , and was designed to test the vertical flight mode . The first prototype ( E1 ) first flew on 10 February 1967 with just the two Pegasus engines . The third prototype ( E3 ) flew in July 1967 with all ten engines fitted . The first hovering flight took place on 22 November 1967 . Full forward and backward transitions were made in December 1967 . The Do 31 established several Fédération Aéronautique Internationale ( FAI ) world records during its ferry flight to the 1969 Paris Air Show . It was the first , and so far only , vertical take - off jet transport ever built . The project was cancelled in April 1970 , although it made its final public flight on 4 May 1970 during the ILA in Hanover . One of the factors that led to the cancellation was the large drag and weight of the lift engine pods which reduced the useful payload and range compared to conventional transport aircraft . To cope with the complex computations necessary for vertical take - off , the Do 31 was equipped with a Dornier DO - 960 hybrid computer . Survivors . Both flying prototypes have been preserved in Germany , the fate and current location of the non - flying test bed ( E2 ) is not known .
Daniel Waters ( Minutemen ) Daniel Waters ( June 20 , 1731 – March 26 , 1816 ) was an officer in the Continental Navy and in the United States Navy . Biography . He was born on June 20 , 1731 , in Charlestown , Massachusetts , and was one of the " minutemen " who engaged the British at the onset of the American Revolutionary War . Later placed in charge of a small gunboat during the siege of British troops in Boston , Waters was appointed by General George Washington to command the schooner " Lee " on January 20 , 1776 . He was soon actively engaged in the ensuing assault upon British communications , capturing one enemy vessel in February and another in May . Aided by Warren , Lee seized an armed troopship with 94 Scottish Highlander troops on board in early June . Later in the month , Waters and Lee shared with other vessels the capture of transports " Howe " and " Annabella " . Again at the recommendation of Washington , Waters was appointed a captain in the Continental Navy on March 15 , 1777 , and given command of the frigate " Fox " . Shortly thereafter , Waters and Fox , along with Hancock , were forced to surrender to superior British forces off Halifax , Nova Scotia . Following an exchange in 1778 , Waters made a cruise to the West Indies in the spring of 1779 in the Continental sloop " General Gates " . He then commanded the Massachusetts ship " General Putnam " in an ill - fated expedition against Castine , Maine , in which the American ships were destroyed in the mouth of the Penobscot River to prevent their capture . Waters ' most famous exploit occurred on Christmas Day , 1779 , when he led the Boston privateer " Thorn " in a successful , two - hour action against two enemy privateers of about equal armament , but more heavily manned . In the fierce fight , during which Governor William Tryon and Sir William Erskine were captured , Waters was wounded . John Adams was to write of this engagement : " There has not been a more memorable action this war . " Waters ' last cruise was in the Massachusetts privateer " Friendship " , to which he was appointed in January 1781 . Following the war , Waters retired to his farm in Malden , Massachusetts , where he died on March 26 , 1816 . Namesake . USS " Waters " ( DD - 115 ) was named for him .
9 Gorkha Rifles The 9 Gorkha Rifles is a Gorkha regiment of the Indian Army . The regiment was initially formed by the British in 1817 , and was one of the Gurkha regiments transferred to the Indian Army after independence as part of the tripartite agreement in 1947 . This Gorkha regiment mainly recruits soldiers who come from the Chhetri ( Kshatriya ) and Thakuri clans . Domiciled Indian Gorkhas are also taken , and they form about 20 percent of the regiment ' s total strength . The 9 Gorkha Rifles is one of the seven Gorkha regiments of the Indian Army . The other regiments are 1 GR , 3 GR , 4 GR , 5 GR , 8 GR and 11 GR . History . Pre Independence . The history of the 9 Gorkha Rifles dates back to 1817 , when it was raised as the " Fatehgarh Levy " . In 1823 , it was renamed the " 63rd Regiment " , and was formed as a regular unit as part of the Bengal Native Infantry . After the reorganisations that took place after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the regiment ' s designation was changed to the " 9th Bengal Native Infantry " with one of its companies formed by Gorkhas and the others by hillmen . By then the regiment had fought at Bhartpur and in the difficult Battle of Sobraon in the First Anglo - Sikh War . By 1893 , the regiment became a wholly Gorkha unit of Khas origin , accepting only those who were more closely linked to Hindu ways as compared to the Buddhist ways . In 1903 , the regiment was designated 9th Gurkha Rifles . 9 GR fought in World War I in Europe , and in the inter war years took part in the operations on the North West Frontier . In World War II , the regiment ' s battalions fought in Malaya , Italy and North Africa . The 3 / 9 GR and 4 / 9 GR formed part of the Chindit operations in Burma , and earned a reputation in the long range penetration operations . Post Independence . India gained its independence in 1947 and 9 Gorkha Rifles was one of six Gurkha regiments ( out of 10 ) to be allocated to the Indian Army as part of the Tripartite Agreement between Britain , India and Nepal . Since 1947 the regiment has fought in the 1962 Indo - China War , the 1 / 9 GR fought under the most demanding conditions on the Namka Chu in ( Arunachal Pradesh ) . The battalions of the Regiment were involved in the 1965 and 1971 wars with Pakistan . Designations . The regiment has existed since 1817 under the following designations : < br > ( 1817 – 1819 ) Fatagarh Levy < br > ( 1819 – 1824 ) Mianpuri Levy < br > ( 1824 – 1861 ) 63rd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry < br > ( 1861 – 1885 ) 9th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry < br > ( 1885 – 1894 ) 9th Regiment of Bengal Infantry < br > ( 1894 – 1901 ) 9th ( Gurkha Rifle ) Bengal Infantry < br > ( 1903 – 1947 ) 9th Gurkha Rifles < br > ( 1950 – present ) 9 Gorkha Rifles
Battle of Diamond Hill The Battle of Diamond Hill ( Donkerhoek ) took place on 11 and 12 June 1900 during the Second Boer War . Fourteen thousand British soldiers squared up against four thousand Boers and forced them from their positions on the hill . Forty - four years after the battle , British General Ian Hamilton opined in his memoirs that " the battle , which ensured that the Boers could not recapture Pretoria , was the turning point of the war " . Hamilton credited Winston Churchill with recognizing that the key to victory would be in storming the summit , and risking his life to signal Hamilton .
Butler Medal The Butler Medal , also known as the Colored Troops Medal , was a military decoration of a unit of the United States Army which were issued in 1865 . The medal was commissioned by Major General Benjamin Butler and was intended to recognize meritorious or heroic acts of bravery performed by African American soldiers at the Battle of Chaffin ' s Farm and New Market Heights . Fourteen African Americans had earned the Medal of Honor in that engagement , but Butler wished to further recognize his African American troops involved in the battle , and he paid for the Butler Medals out of his personal funds . In May 1865 , and later that year , the Butler Medal was presented to nearly two hundred African American Union soldiers . The medal was originally known as the " Colored Troops Medal " but the name was changed to Butler Medal after the close of the Civil War . The Butler Medal was solid silver , suspended from a red , white , and blue ribbon meant to worn around the neck . Attached to the ribbon was a wreath reading " Army of the James " . The obverse of the medal depicts African American trooops moving forward in battle , below an inscription in Latin which reads , " Ferro iis libertas perveniet " : " Freedom Will be Theirs by the Sword . " In the modern military , the Butler Medal is considered obsolete . Like the Gillmore Medal , the Kearny Cross and a number of other awards of the conflict , it was a unit - specific Civil War medal . As it was a privately issued award , by army standards it is an unofficial decoration , although one of the oldest issued to members of the service .