naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMAS Larrakia ( ACPB 84 ) HMAS " Larrakia " ( ACPB 84 ) is an " Armidale " class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Design and construction . The " Armidale " class patrol boats are long , with a beam of , a maximum draft of , and a displacement of 270 tons . The semi - displacement vee hull is fabricated from aluminium alloy , and each vessel is built to a combination of Det Norske Veritas standards for high - speed light craft and RAN requirements . The " Armidale " s can travel at a maximum speed of , and are driven by two propeller shafts , each connected to an MTU 16V M70 diesel . The ships have a range of at , allowing them to patrol the waters around the distant territories of Australia , and are designed for standard patrols of 21 days , with a maximum endurance of 42 days . The main armament of the " Armidale " class is a Rafael Typhoon stabilised gun mount fitted with an M242 Bushmaster cannon . Two machine guns are also carried . Boarding operations are performed by two , waterjet propelled rigid - hulled inflatable boat s ( RHIBs ) . Each RHIB is stored in a dedicated cradle and davit , and is capable of operating independently from the patrol boat as it carries its own communications , navigation , and safety equipment . Each patrol boat has a standard ship ' s company of 21 personnel , with a maximum of 29 . The " Armidale " s do not have a permanently assigned ship ' s company ; instead , they are assigned to divisions at a ratio of two vessels to three companies , which rotate through the vessels and allow the " Armidale " s to spend more time at sea , without compromising sailors ' rest time or training requirements . A 20 - berth auxiliary accommodation compartment was included in the design for the transportation of soldiers , illegal fishermen , or unauthorised arrivals ; in the latter two cases , the compartment could be secured from the outside . However , a malfunction in the sewerage treatment facilities aboard in August 2006 pumped hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide into the compartment , non - fatally poisoning four sailors working inside , after which use of the compartment for accommodation was banned across the class . " Larrakia " was constructed by Austal at their shipyard in Henderson , Western Australia . She was commissioned into the RAN in Darwin , Northern Territory on 10 February 2006 . " Larrakia " is named after the Larrakia Aboriginal peoples , and is the only " Armidale " not to be named after a regional city . Operational history . " Larrakia " is assigned to " Attack " Division , is based in Darwin , and performs border protection and fisheries protection patrols . This vessel participated in Exercises Triton Thunder and Cassowary during May 2012 . " Balikpapan " operated off Dundee Beach in Darwin in concert with units from the Indonesian Navy and RAN Fleet Air Arm . In June 2012 , " Larrakia " was one of several ships to respond to a Suspected Illegal Entry Vessel which sank with 206 passengers while en route to Australia . The patrol boat served as the coordinating platform for the search - and - rescue operation .
Sheikh Mansur Al - Imam al - Mansur al - Mutawakil ' ala Allah , also known as Sheikh al - Mansur ( " The - Sustained " ) , born Ushurma ( 1732 – 1794 ) was a Chechen Islamic religious and military leader who led the resistance against Catherine the Great ' s imperialist expansion into the Caucasus during the late 18th century . He remains a legendary national hero of the Chechen people . Biography . Mansur was born in the aul of Aldi , near the Sunja River . He was educated in Dagestan under the Naqshbandi school of Sufism . In 1784 , Sheikh Mansur , now an imam and back in Chechnya , became upset with the Russian encroachment in the North Caucasus . He ordered Chechen people to stop practicing many of their old pagan traditions with the cult of the dead , to stop smoking tobacco , to replace the customary laws ( " adat " ) with Islamic law ( " sharia " ) and to attempt Islamic unity . This was not easy in a land where people had lived under ancient traditions , customs and religions . Islamic tradition in Chechnya , especially in the mountains , was not as strong as it was in Dagestan . But the holy war that he declared was an attempt at unity among the " teip " clans . As Mansur ' s message became popular with the Chechens , the Russian Empire attempted to discredit him and ultimately arrest him . In 1785 , the Russians sent a punitive expedition of up to 5 , 000 soldiers to his house in Aldi - aul , only to find the village deserted . When the Russian troops plundered and burned the village , Mansur proclaimed gazavat against the Russians . Soon , Chechen fighters won the Battle of the Sunja , killing and capturing hundreds of Russian soldiers . After that , Sheikh Mansur rallied resistance fighters from Dagestan through Kabarda . Most of the forces were Dagestani and Chechen , numbering more than 12 , 000 by December 1785 . However , Mansur suffered a defeat when he tried to enter Russian territory and failed to take over the fort of Kizlyar . After this , the Russian people refortified their settlements and the Russian Empress Catherine the Great withdrew her forces from Georgia to the Terek River line . In 1786 , Russian forces abandoned the new fort of Vladikavkaz , and would not occupy it again until 1803 . From 1787 - 1791 , during the Russian - Turkish War , Sheikh Mansur moved to the northwestern Caucasus region of Adygea , strengthening the Islamic traditions there . He led the Adyghe and Nogai peoples in assaults against the Russians , but they were defeated many times . In June 1791 , Sheikh Mansur was captured at the Turkish fortress of Anapa on the Black Sea . He was brought to Saint Petersburg and imprisoned for life . In April 1794 , he died at the Shlisselburg fortress .
Battle of Dyme The Battle of Dyme or Dymae was a battle that was fought by the Achaean League under the command of their Strategos , Aratus and a Spartan army under the command of King Cleomenes III and was part of the Cleomenean War . The battle took in place near Dyme in north - west Achaea and was fought in 226 BC . Prelude . Following the declaration of war against Sparta by the Achaean League in around 229 BC - 228 BC , the fighting between the two countries had almost been continuous . Cleomenes had crushed two Achaean armies under the command of Aratus at the Battle of Mount Lycaeum and at the Battle of Ladoceia in 227 BC . After these victories , Cleomenes returned to Sparta and began radical reforms . He abolished the ephors , changed land laws , cancelled debt and he also changed his army into one of the Macedonian style . Following these reforms , Cleomenes with his reformed army answered to appeals from the city of Mantinea and after ridding it of its Achaean garrison advanced north into the Achaean heartland . Battle . After advancing into Achaea , Cleomenes descended upon Pharae , a founding member of the league . His aim was to provoke a battle with the Achaeans or if they didn ' t come to meet him in battle , to discredit Aratus . The strategus at the time was , Hyperbatas , however Aratus had complete control of the League . As Cleomenes was besieging the city of Dyme , the full Achean army came out to meet him . When Cleomenes saw them pitch camp , deciding not to battle the enemy while his rear was exposed to attacks from the garrison of Dyme , he advanced on the Achean position . In the pitched battle that followed , the Spartan phalanx routed the Achaean phalanx with the Achaeans sustaining heavy casualties and with many of the survivors being captured . According to both Polybius and Plutarch " . . . but the latter ( Cleomenes ) whose power was far superior to the Achaeans for though the number of his troops were smaller , yet the strength of his newly reformed army was good " . Aftermath . This defeat crushed the Achaeans and forced them to sue for peace . Cleomenes offered to give back any cities he seized from the Achaeans and to return any prisoners he had taken in return for being made strategus of the Achaean League . It may be however how Plutarch states that the Achaeans , after seeing his many victories wished for Cleomenes to command them . However , Aratus who was against this proposal sent ambassadors to the court of King Antigonus III Doson where he requested Antigonus ' aid against the Spartans which he received in return for giving Acrocorinth to Macedon . In 224 BC , Antigonus advanced into the Peloponnese with an army of 30 , 000 men and forced Cleomenes to retreat to Laconia , the Spartan heartland . In 222 BC , the Macedonian - Achaean army and the Spartan army clashed at the Battle of Sellasia which ended in an allied victory . This victory forced Cleomenes to flee from Greece and go to Egypt . While Antigonus took Sparta , making him the first foreigner to every capture Sparta .
Toddington Castle Toddington Castle , today known as " Conger Hill Motte " , was a castle located in the village of Toddington , in the county of Bedfordshire , England . Details . It was a motte - and - bailey castle , made first of timber and later of stone , that dates from prior to the 13th century , when it was listed as the stronghold of Sir Paulinus Pegure ( Paul Pever ) . In records from 1597 , it was referred to as " Toddington Conger Hill " , most likely in reference to its use as a rabbit warren during the 16th century . The site is a Scheduled Monument , classified as a medieval motte . Only earthworks remain .
Italian cruiser Luigi Cadorna Luigi Cadorna was an Italian light cruiser , which served in the " Regia Marina " during World War II . She was launched on 30 September 1931 . This ship was named after Italian Field Marshal Luigi Cadorna who was commander in Chief of the Italian Army during World War I . During her early service she did operations in the Spanish Civil War . In April 1939 she participated in the occupation of Albania . When World War II broke out she was a part of the 4th Cruiser Division and started laying mines on 9 June 1940 near the island of Lampedusa . A month later she was present in the battle of Calabria where she avoided a submarine torpedo attack , engaged enemy aircraft and rendering assistance to her sister ship , which had boiler problems . However , due to her relatively weak design and light armor , she went into reserve from 12 February 1941 . But when supplying of the Axis army in North Africa became more important , she entered the service again and provided distant cover for the convoys headed towards North Africa . Occasionally she sortied with the fleet to intercept British convoys to Malta . In the period of November / December 1941 she was also used as a transport , transporting fuel and munition to Libya From January 1942 she was transferred to Pola , where she was employed in a training role . After a short refit in May / June 1943 , she joined the 8th Cruiser Division on 14 June . Between 24 – 30 June she transported troops to Albania , and on 3 July she was transferred to Taranto , from whence , in August , she made five minelaying sorties to lay defensive fields in the Gulf of Taranto . At the armistice on 8 September 1943 she was at Taranto , but she sailed to Malta on the 9th to surrender together with the Fleet . She remained there until transferred to Alexandria on 14 September . After a brief stay she returned to Taranto in October . As the remainder of the war she was used as a transport ship for the Allies as for the repatriation of Italian troops . After the Peace Treaty on 10 February 1947 , she was one of the few ships to remain in the Italian Navy . Because of her age and condition she was only used as a training ship until stricken in May 1951 .
Spanish Army Air Defence Command The Spanish Army Air Defence Command ( Spanish Mando de Artillería Antiaérea , MAAA ) is a specific command of the Spanish Army , composed of anti - air artillery units under a same command , formed , trained and equipped to contribute , into a joint or joint / combined frame , to the air space control and defense . Those units may act either in the national territory or as a reinforcement to allied organization based on the joint and Army specific doctrine . < ref name = " Instrucción núm . 59 / 2005 ( IOFET ) " > Instrucción núm . 59 / 2005 , de 4 de abril , del Jefe de Estado Mayor del Ejército sobre Normas de Organización y Funcionamiento del Ejército de Tierra , published in Spanish Ministry of Defense Oficial Publication ( Boletín Oficial de Defensa , BOD ) # 80 of April 26th of 2005 < / ref > The MAAA is composed of a General Quarter and a set of Anti - Air Artillery units and units of combat support . The units belongin to the MAAA are :
Cotati Naval Outer Landing Field Cotati Naval Outer Landing Field was a naval airfield located near Cotati , in Sonoma County , California , USA . It maintained active naval flight operations during the period 1941 - 1945 . History . The federal government purchased 142 acres of farmland in 1941 to build an outlying airfield supporting operations at Naval Air Station Alameda . A 4 , 000 - foot asphalt - paved runway was oriented 070 - 250 and crossed at its midpoint by a second 3 , 800 - foot asphalt runway oriented 130 - 310 . Each runway had a parallel taxiway , and a third taxiway connected the easterly ends of the two runways to an intermediate concrete apron . An additional 75 acres acquired in June , 1943 , allowed construction of an operations building with a two - story control tower , a fire and crash truck garage , two gasoline storage tanks , an oil storage building , a small arms ammunition magazine , a well for the airfield water supply , and a backstop used for small arms practice and aircraft machinegun collimation . Simultaneous development of NALF Santa Rosa was more extensive because poor site drainage caused periodic flooding of the Cotati field . Touch - and - go landing practice became the primary activity at the Cotati satellite airfield of the Santa Rosa Auxiliary Naval Air Station . Runway damage from 1945 flooding terminated military flight operations at Cotati despite continuing use of NALF Santa Rosa . Post - War . After the Navy declared the airfield excess property , the runways and taxiways were used for automobile drag racing from 1957 to 1972 . It was visited by celebrities including Sterling Moss , Jayne Mansfield , and Steve McQueen . Subsequent commercial development of the area obscures locations of former runways and buildings .
Amarah Air Base Amarah Air Base is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Maysan Governorate of Iraq . It was captured by Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 . Overview . The faculty was a primary air base for the Iraqi Air Force prior to Operation Iraqi Freedom ( OEF ) . It had a 10 , 000 foot runway with numerous taxi - ways leading right out of Hardened Aircraft Shelters ( HAS ) and laid diagonally to the runways - they became known as " Trapezoids " or " Yugos " . It was a large , expansive base , it is undetermined if it contains underground facilities for aircraft sheltering . It was apparently abandoned after Operation Desert Storm in March 1991 , its proximity to the Kuwaiti border making it unsuitable for use by the Iraqi Air Force . During Operation Iraqi Freedom , it was used by British Forces as " Camp Condor " . Today , the main runway appears to be undamaged and most of the taxi - ways are also in serviceable condition . The structures at the base appear to be abandoned and badly deteriorated .
Capture of Algiers ( 1516 ) The Capture of Algiers in 1516 was accomplished by Hayreddin Barbarossa and Aruj against the ruler of the city of Algiers , Sālim al - Tūmī . Background . In 1510 , the Spaniards had established themselves on a small island in front of Algiers , and forced the local ruler Sālim al - Tūmī ( Selim - bin - Teumi ) to accept their presence through a treaty and pay tribute . Fortifications were built on the islet , and a garrison of 200 men was established . Sālim al - Tūmī had to go to Spain to take an oath of obedience to Ferdinand of Aragon . Capture of Algiers . In 1516 , the amir of Algiers Sālim al - Tūmī invited the corsair brothers Aruj and Khair ad - Din Barbarossa to expel the Spaniards . Aruj , with the help of Ottoman troops , came to Algiers , ordered the assassination of Sālim , and seized the town . Spanish expeditions were sent to take over the city , first in 1516 under Don Diego de Vera , and then in 1519 under Don Ugo de Moncada , but both expeditions ended in failure . Khair ad - Din , succeeding Arouj after the latter was killed in battle against the Spaniards at the Fall of Tlemcen ( 1517 ) . The capture of Algiers in 1516 had been made possible with the support of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I . This support was discontinued with Sultan Selim ' s death in 1520 , causing Barbarossa to lose the city to a local kabyle chieftain in 1524 , and to retreat to his fief of Djidjelli .
Avro 500 The Avro Type E , Type 500 , and Type 502 made up a family of early British military aircraft , regarded by Alliott Verdon Roe as his firm ' s first truly successful design . It was a forerunner of the Avro 504 , one of the outstanding aircraft of the First World War . Development . The Type E biplane was designed in parallel with the slightly earlier Avro Duigan , differing principally in being slightly larger and having a more powerful ( ) water - cooled E . N . V . engine . Both were two - bay tractor biplanes with unstaggered parallel - chord wings with rounded tips , a deep rectangular section fuselage bearing a rectangular steel - framed stabiliser , elevator and rudder with no fixed fin , and a tidy undercarriage with a pair of wheels on a transverse leaf - spring and a long central skid projecting forward of the propeller . This unremarkable description is of a remarkable aircraft . This aircraft layout dominated aircraft design for twenty years : the Avro 500 and the contemporary B . E . 1 are among the first truly practical examples built . The aircraft was first flown on 3 March 1912 by Wilfred Parke , and while top speed and rate of climb did not meet expectations , the aircraft excelled in every other way . However , its performance was not up to Roe ' s expectations , and a second example was built , modified to take the much lighter 50 hp ( 37 kW ) Gnome air - cooled radial engine . This first flew on 8 May 1912 , and a height of was reached in five minutes . The next day the aircraft was flown from Brooklands to Laffan ' s Plain , covering the 17 miles ( 28 km ) in 20 minutes . The same day it demonstrated its ability to meet the requirements laid down by the War Office in the requirements for a " Military Aircraft " that had been published in connection with the forthcoming Military Aeroplane Competition , and the authorities were impressed enough to buy the aircraft and placed an order for two more examples of the aircraft , which Roe now renamed the Avro 500 . Service . The type proved an immediate success in service , and orders for another four machines plus five single - seat derivatives ( designated the Type 502 by Avro ) soon followed . Other examples produced included six for the British Admiralty ' s Air Department , one presented to the government of Portugal ( paid for by public subscription ) , one kept by Avro as a company demonstrator , and one bought by a private individual , J . Laurence Hall , which was commandeered by the War Office at the outbreak of World War I ) . The first prototype was destroyed in a crash on 29 June 1913 that killed its student pilot . Avro 500s were flown by the British armed forces during the first years of the war , mostly as trainers . In service , most were fitted with ailerons and a revised rudder .
Santiago Surrender Tree The site of the Santiago Surrender Tree ( also known as the " Tree of Peace " or ) , located in Santiago , Cuba , marks where Spanish forces surrendered to U . S . forces on July 17 , 1898 , at the end of the Spanish American War . Background . The ceiba tree had been the site of previous prisoner exchanges . On July 1 , 1898 , U . S . and Cuban troops had taken Fort El Viso , El Caney and San Juan Hill . These victories led to the U . S . victory at Santiago de Cuba . Current status . Under 36 USC 309 the site is maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission since 1958 . The tree is now gone , but cannon and plaques continue to mark the surrender site .
Papers of the Continental Congress The Papers of the Continental Congress are official records from the first three representative bodies of the original United Colonies and ultimately the United States of America . The First Continental Congress was formed in 1774 to address " intolerable acts " by the British Parliament . It ultimately formed the Second Continental Congress in May 1775 which , through 1781 , was famously responsible for the Declaration of Independence and many critical articles establishing the United States of America . The Congress of the Confederation ( 1781 – 1789 ) immediately succeeded it after ratification of the Articles of Confederation and lasted through the end of the War for American Independence . These are the important papers , letters , treaties , reports and assorted records — famous and obscure — relating to the formation of the United States government . While they contain exceedingly important reports , many of which may be well - known , they also contain much covering the day - to - day government of a fledgling country .