naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Murray ( VC ) James Murray VC ( February 1859 – 19 July 1942 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Murray was born in St Michael ' s Parish , Cork City , Ireland . He was approximately 21 years old , and a Lance - Corporal in the 2nd Battalion , The Connaught Rangers , British Army during the First Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 16 January 1881 at Elandsfontein , near Pretoria , South Africa , Lance - Corporal Murray and John Danaher , a trooper of Nourse ' s Horse , advanced for 500 yards under heavy fire from a party of about 60 of the enemy and brought out of action a private who had been severely wounded . He died in Dublin on 19 July 1942 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum , Chelsea , England . References . Listed in order of publication year External links . city
Operation Marion Operation Marion was a military operation by the South African Defence Force ( SADF ) during the South African Border War . The origins can be traced back to the murder of Piet Retief on 6 February 1838 by the Zulu king Dingane , which led to an alliance between the Boer ( later to become Afrikaner ) people and the Zulus , whereby Afrikaner security was deemed to be closely linked to Zulu security . Background . Operation Marion thus became an important element of the Apartheid government of South Africa ' s response to the rising insurgency during the 1980s , where a Zulu militia was trained by SADF Special Forces at one of their many camps in the Caprivi Strip in 1985 . The first group of Zulu militia from the Inkatha Freedom Party ( IFP ) were despatched to the Caprivi Strip from Durban by Hercules C130 aircraft on 16 April 1986 . On 20 January 1987 the first of the trained militia were used in what later became known as the KwaMakutha Massacre when 13 innocent people were murdered as a result of flawed intelligence . In January 1988 Mangosuthu Buthelezi , leader of the IFP , again approached Chief of Staff Intelligence asking for additional training of his militia in order to swing the balance of power against the United Democratic Front ( UDF ) and Confederation of South African Trade Unions ( COSATU ) forces , then operating as a surrogate for the African National Congress ( ANC ) in areas of KwaZulu . This request was interpreted as being consistent with the Total National Strategy then in place , so the support was given . On 1 December 1988 a vigilante force from the IFP took over a place called Trust Feed , which had recently become a UDF centre of power . On 3 December the Trust Feed Massacre took place , killing 11 and wounding 2 people . The perpetrators were brought to trial and sentenced to 15 years in prison on 23 May 1992 . Probably one of the most high impact activities arising from Operation Marion was the Boipatong massacre , which left 43 dead on 17 June 1992 . This single act became a turning point for the Convention for a Democratic South Africa ( CODESA ) when Nelson Mandela withdrew the ANC as a result . The activities arising from Operation Marion became the subject of intense investigation by the Goldstone Commission of Enquiry .
Theodore Gaillard Hunt Theodore Gaillard Hunt ( October 23 , 1805 – November 15 , 1893 ) was a member of the U . S . House of Representatives representing the state of Louisiana . He served one term as a Whig . In 1854 , he ran for Congress and lost as a candidate of the American ( Know - Nothing ) Party . Biography . Hunt was born in Charleston , South Carolina . In addition to being a member of Congress , Hunt was district attorney for New Orleans , member of the state House of Representative for sixteen years , and later a judge . During the American Civil War , Hunt was the colonel of the 5th Louisiana Infantry in 1861 - 62 and later a brigadier general in the Confederate Army . After New Orleans fell into Union hands , Hunt , who had opposed secession , resigned from the Confederate Army and became Adjutant General of Union Louisiana .
Sir Kenneth Douglas , 1st Baronet Lieutenant - General Sir Kenneth MacKenzie Douglas , 1st Baronet ( 1754 – 1833 ) , born Kenneth MacKenzie , was the first baronet of the Douglas of Glenbervie , Kincardine Baronetcy ( second creation ) . He was created baronet in 1831 . Born as Kenneth MacKenzie in Dundee in 1754 , his father was Kenneth Mackenzie , of Kilcoy , Ross - shire , and his mother Janet , a daughter of Sir Robert Douglas , 6th Baronet of Glenbervie ( first creation ) . He was commissioned as an ensign in the 33rd Foot in 1767 , and was promoted lieutenant in 1775 . MacKenzie transferred to the 14th Foot in 1783 . He served in Guernsey , the West Indies , Flanders , Gibraltar , and Egypt . He joined the 90th Foot in 1794 , when , under Thomas Graham , ( later Lord Lynedoch ) , he trained light company troops . On the death of Lieutenant - Colonel Ogilvie of the 44th Foot , Mackenzie transferred to that regiment , taking command . Following a decision by the British Army to train some line regiments in light infantry techniques , Sir John Moore , a proponent of the light infantry model , offered his own regiment of line infantry , the 52nd ( Oxfordshire ) Regiment of Foot , for this training , at Shorncliffe Camp . Mackenzie was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 52nd . They formed a brigade with the 95th Rifles , and three line regiments . Much of the training was undertaken by Lieutenant - Colonel Kenneth MacKenzie , who devised many of the tactics of light infantry training , He was responsible for many of the drills and exercises of the " Shorncliffe System " . Injured after a fall from a horse in late 1803 , he took leave , during which time he married Rachel Andrews , of Shorncliffe . ( They had 6 sons and one daughter . ) He saw some active service at Cadiz , but his health remained poor , and he spent most of the war convalesceing in England . In 1811 he was given command of the light infantry troops then in England . Made baronet in 1831 he also changed his surname to Douglas that year . He died in 1833 and was succeeeded by his son Robert Andrew Douglas .
Battle of Marj Ayyun In the Battle of Marj Ayyun , alternately Marj Ayyoun , an Ayyubid army commanded by Saladin defeated a Crusader army led by King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem on June 10 , 1179 . The Christian king , who was crippled by leprosy , narrowly escaped being captured in the rout . Background . In 1177 Saladin ' s Ayyubid army invaded the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem from Egypt . In that year King Baldwin surprised and defeated the Saracen host at the Battle of Montgisard . In 1179 Saladin again invaded the Crusader states , from the direction of Damascus . He based his army at Banias and sent raiding forces to despoil villages and crops near Sidon and the coastal areas . Farmers and townpeople impoverished by Saracen raiders would be unable to pay rent to their Frankish overlords . Unless stopped , Saladin ' s destructive policy would weaken the Crusader kingdom . In response , Baldwin moved his army to Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee . From there he marched north - northwest to the stronghold of Safed . Continuing in the same direction , he reached Toron castle ( Tebnine ) , about east - southeast of Tyre . Together with the Knights Templar led by Odo of St Amand and a force from the County of Tripoli led by Count Raymond III , Baldwin moved northeast . Battle . From the eastern side of the coastal range , the Crusaders saw Saladin ' s tents in the distance . Baldwin and his nobles decided to descend to the plain and attack at once . As the Frankish army moved downhill , the mounted troops soon outstripped the foot soldiers . After a few hours ' delay , the Crusader army reassembled , then encountered and easily defeated the Saracen raiding forces , who were returning from their forays . Believing the battle won , the Franks let their guard down . Raymond ' s knights and Odo of St Amand ' s Templars moved onto some high ground between the Marj Ayyun and the Litani River . The Crusader infantry rested from their hurried march earlier in the day . Suddenly , Saladin ' s main army attacked the unprepared Crusaders , defeating them badly . Observers of the time blamed the defeat on Odo of St Amand , who was captured in the battle . King Baldwin barely escaped capture ; unable to mount a horse because of his crippling disease , he was carried to safety by a knight as his bodyguard cut a path through the Saracens . Many Frankish survivors of the struggle fled to shelter at Beaufort Castle ( Qala ' at ash - Shaqif Arnoun ) about southwest of the battlefield . Aftermath . Saladin immediately took advantage of his victory by destroying the newly built Le Chastellet stronghold at the Battle of Jacob ' s Ford . In the years after Marj Ayyun , the Frankish leaders became more cautious and the next two campaigns of note , the Battle of Belvoir Castle ( 1182 ) and the Battle of Al - Fule ( 1183 ) were strictly defensive in nature . Soleim Al - Razi was a Muslim physician who compassionately treated wounded crusaders captured by the Muslim forces .
Battery H , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery Battery H , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was a heavy artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The Battery H , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was initially organized in Providence , Rhode Island as the 3rd Rhode Island Infantry in August 1861 . It was officially changed to heavy artillery on December 19 , 1861 at Hilton Head , South Carolina . The battery was attached to Sherman ' s Expeditionary Corps to April 1862 . 3rd Brigade , 1st Division , Department of the South , to July 1862 . District of Hilton Head , South Carolina , Department of the South , to September 1862 . District of Hilton Head , South Carolina , X Corps , Department of the South , to July 1863 . Morris Island , South Carolina , X Corps , to April 1864 . Morris Island , South Carolina , Northern District , Department of the South , to September 1864 . Battery H , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery mustered out of service October 4 , 1864 at Providence , Rhode Island . Detailed service . Duty at Hilton Head , S . C . , until February 1862 . Operations against Fort Pulaski , Ga . , February 21 - April 10 . Bombardment and capture of Fort Pulaski April 9 – 10 . Escort captured garrison to Hilton Head , and duty there until May . Moved to Edisto Island May 23 . Operations on James Island , S . C . , June 1 – 28 . Action James Island June 10 . Battle of Secessionville June 16 . Moved to Hilton Head , S . C . , June 28 - July 1 , and duty there until July 1863 . Moved to Folly Island , S . C . Attack on Morris Island July 10 . Assaults on Fort Wagner , Morris Island , July 11 and 18 . Siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg , Morris Island , July 18 - September 7 . Capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg September 7 . Operations against Fort Sumter and Charleston from Morris and Folly Islands until September 1864 . Actions on James Island July 1 – 2 , and at Fort Johnson July 3 . Moved to Hilton Head , then to New York and Providence September 26 – 30 Casualties . Individual battery losses are not available , but the regiment ' s losses ( all 12 batteries ) are reported as a total of 135 men during service ; 2 officers and 39 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 4 officers and 90 enlisted men died of disease .
HMCS Saskatoon ( MM 709 ) HMCS " Saskatoon " ( MM 709 ) is a that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998 . " Saskatoon " is the tenth ship of her class which is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project . She is the second vessel to use the designation HMCS " Saskatoon " , after the Flower class corvette . The ship is named after the Canadian city of Saskatoon , and includes other references to the city such as naming the captains desk Cranberry Flats and a main corridor after Idylwyld Drive . " Saskatoon " was laid down on 5 September 1997 at Halifax Shipyards Ltd . , Halifax and was launched on 30 March 1998 . She was officially commissioned into the CF on 5 December 1998 and carries the pennant number 709 . She is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific ( MARPAC ) and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt .
Albert Frey ( SS officer ) Albert Frey ( 16 February 1913 – 1 September 2003 ) was a Standartenführer ( Colonel ) in the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler . He was born on 16 February 1913 in Heidelberg , the son of a master baker . In December 1933 he joined the SS - Verfügungstruppe . In 1937 as an SS Oberscharführer ( Staff Sergeant ) , he attended the SS Junker school at Brunswick where he came out in the top 12 on the course . In March 1938 he was promoted to an SS - Sturmfuhrer ( Second Lieutenant ) and was posted as a platoon commander to the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte " Adolf Hitler " Regiment . On 20 April 1939 he was again promoted to SS - Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) and given command of the 9th company of the Leibstandarte , for the Poland Campaign and the Battle of France . In November 1940 he took command of the 1st Company " LSSAH " which he commanded throughout the Balkans Campaign . After the start of Operation Barbarossa he was in July 1941 given command of the 3rd Battalion " LSSAH " . With this battalion he had a decisive impact on the subsequent battle , capturing a bridge over the Mius north of Taganrog . The bridge was then attacked by three Russian armored trains . Despite severe losses all three armored trains were destroyed . For this action Frey was awarded the German Cross in Gold . Frey proved himself again in the fighting at Kharkov through his personal courage and leadership of his battalion . On April 20 , 1942 , he was promoted to SS - Sturmbannführer ( Major ) and in July 1942 he took over the 1st battalion of the newly established 1st SS Panzer - Grenadier Regiment " LSSAH " . For his achievements during the battle between the Donetz and Dnepr at the beginning of 1943 , he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , and a short time later he was appointed commander of the 1st SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment . He had a brief deployment in Italy , where he convinced an Italian General it was better to surrender than fight . He captured 10 . 000 prisoners . He quickly returned to the Eastern Front for the Battle of Kursk where he commanded a battle group , consisting of his regiment , a Panther tank Battalion , an assault gun Company and an artillery Battalion , which fought in the Kiev region . For this successful defence , he received on 27 December 1943 the oak leaves to the Knight ' s Cross . In March 1944 he was given command of the 1st SS Panzer Division " Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler " and transferred to the area Kamenez – Podolsk . In June 1944 the Division was in France for the Battle of Normandy , during which Frey was seriously wounded and had to give up command of the Division . Later in August 1944 , he became a staff officer in the headquarters of 6th SS Panzer Army . At the end of the war he was a liaison officer to the Gauleiter for the Upper Danube . He subsequently fled abroad so as to escape captivity . Albert Frey and his wife Lotte died in the morning of September 1 , 2003 in Heilbronn .
Alexander Murray ( British army officer ) Alexander Murray ( ca . 1715 – 1762 ) was a British army officer who served in Father Le Loutre ' s War and the French and Indian War in Nova Scotia . Murray was in the 17th Foot on 17 July 1739 and was promoted lieutenant in the 6th Foot on 19 January 1740 . He joined the 45th Foot on 19 April 1742 as a captain and was with the regiment when it arrived in Gibraltar on 17 June to take up garrison duties . Murray went to Louisbourg , Cape Breton Island ( Île Royale ) , with the regiment in April 1746 . When it was moved to Halifax in July 1749 he was in England , but he had rejoined it in Nova Scotia by December during Father Le Loutre ' s War . He remained with it in the colony for almost ten years , during which time he built a house at Halifax . At first he commanded at Fort Sackville and then in September 1751 he was given command of Fort Edward , where he remained for most of the ensuing seven years , except for a tour of duty at Halifax in 1753 . In the spring of 1755 he impounded the boats belonging to the Acadians of the Minas Basin , whom he suspected of violating Charles Lawrence ’ s embargo on the export of wheat . On orders from Lawrence , in June he confiscated their guns in case they might hinder Robert Monckton ’ s planned seizure of Fort Beauséjour . During the French and Indian War , following the decision of Lawrence and his council to expel the Acadians from Nova Scotia , Murray supervised the deportations from the immediate area of Fort Edward . During October 1755 he sent off 1 , 100 persons in four ships . Murray was promoted major in the 45th on 1 October 1755 . The regiment took part in Jeffery Amherst ’ s expedition against Louisbourg in June 1758 . The following year he took part in Wolfe ’ s campaign against Quebec . Then , on 19 November 1761 he took part in the campaign against Martinique . He suffered from an attack of yellow fever shortly after his arrival on the island , but he had apparently recovered completely when he died suddenly on 19 March 1762 .
Hussein Refki Pasha Hussein Refki Pasha Ahmed Hafez Mohammed Hafez ( ; 1876 – 1950 ) was an Egypt ian military general and political figure . He served as Egypt ' s 25th Minister of War and Marine . Career . Hussein Refki Pasha served as Egypt ' s Minister of War and Marine from December 1937 to April 1938 , during the early reign of King Farouk I of Egypt . Refki later became a senator in the Egyptian Senate ( ; " Majlis - al - Shuyukh " ) , the former ( dissolved in 1956 ) upper - house of the Egyptian Parliament . Prior to his political career , Refki served in the royal court as Chief Aide - de - Camp ( ; " Kebeer - al - Yawaran " ) to King Fuad I of Egypt , in which capacity he commanded the Military Household of the King ( predecessor to the modern - day Republican Guard of Egypt ) , the royal guard , and other elite military formations . A street is named for Refki in the Sarayat El - Quba neighborhood of Heliopolis , Cairo . Family . Hussein Refki Pasha is a member of the Hafez family of Egypt . The Hafez family is an aristocratic Turco - Egyptian family with a prominent history , having produced many Pasha s and Bey s before the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 . Refki ' s father , Ahmed Hafez Pasha , and Refki ' s brothers , Major - Generals Hassan Hafez Pasha and Mohammed Hafez Pasha , all held high commands in the Egyptian Army . The family has also produced several eminent Egyptian judges . Refki ' s only child , Chancellor Hafez Refky , was a member of Egypt ' s Supreme Judicial Council ( ; " Majlis al - Qada ' al - A ' la " ) , and Vice - President of Egypt ' s Court of Cassation ( ; " Mahkamat - al - Naqd " ) , Egypt ' s highest appellate court . Refki ' s nephew , Chancellor Fouad Hafez , was also a member of Egypt ' s Supreme Judicial Council , and President of the Egyptian Court of Appeals in Cairo ( ; " Mahkamat Isti ' naf al - Qahirah " ) . Hussein Refki Pasha is related to the Muhammad Ali Dynasty of Egypt through his mother , who is directly descended from the dynasty ' s founder , Muhammad Ali Pasha . Since the 1930s , Refki and his patrilineal descendants have used the surname " Refky " or " Refki . "
Nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen - SS The German " Luftwaffe " ( Air Force ) , " Heer " ( Army ) , " Kriegsmarine " ( Navy ) and the Waffen - SS used Arabic numerals as well as Roman numerals to distinguish between the different units , sub - units and organization levels of their respective military branch . Units of the " Heer " or Waffen - SS . The " Heer " or Waffen - SS used a similar naming convention to the Luftwaffe . An Infantry , Panzer , Grenadier division was normally composed of three regiment s . These regiments in return inclosed three battalion s denoted by Roman numerals . Each battalion compassed three companies which were numbered by Arabic numerals . This naming scheme also applied to land based units of the " Kriegsmarine " , " Luftwaffe " and the Waffen - SS .
Fang Xianjue Fang Xianjue ( Traditional Chinese : 方先覺 ; Simplified Chinese : 方先觉 ) was born in a small Jiangsu ( now in Suzhou , Anhui ) village gentry family in 1903 . After studying with the village tutor , he went to Xuzhou Provincial High School , and later studied at the Nanjing 1st Industrial School , then later went to National Central University ( later renamed Nanjing University in mainland China and reinstated in Taiwan ) . After completing his formal education , he decided to attend Whampoa Military Academy and graduated class of 1926 . He started as a platoon leader in the National Revolutionary Army ( NRA ) , and got promoted to the rank of army general during the Second Sino - Japanese War . After KMT lost the Chinese Civil War , he relocated with the Nationalists to Taiwan and later became the deputy commander of the NRA army group in charge of defending the Pescadores Islands . General Fang personally participated in the Battle of Taierzhuang , the Battle of Changde , and the Battle of Changsha . Retired from military in 1968 and later died in 1983 . Defense of Hengyang . Fang Xianjue commanded the NRA 10th Army in the Defense of Hengyang , where he was besieged for 47 days after fighting off numerous assaults by the Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA ) . On the night of August 8 , 1944 he telegraphed Chongqing about the long resistance and his will to fight to the death for the sake of the country . After running out of ammunition and supplies , with no hope of getting reinforcement and a botched suicide attempt , he surrendered to the Japanese on the condition that all POW would not be harmed and all wounded Chinese soldiers would get medical treatment . Initially , he tried to shoot himself , but was wrestled out by his subordinates . The Japanese commander unconditionally accepted his terms out of respect for his fierce defense of Hengyang , where the IJA suffered almost 30 , 000 casualties in its attempt to take the city ( this number is almost 1 / 2 of total Japanese casualty suffered from the entire Operation Ichi - Go ) . On the other hand , the Chinese suffered 7 , 400 casualties . He later escaped from captivity and received a hero ' s welcome from Chiang Kai - shek in Chungking , where he received the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun . The surviving Japanese veterans of the 11th Army , who personally participated in the battle of Hengyang , organized a group trip to Taipei to pay respect to Fang Xianjue in 1983 after his death .