naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thomas Axford Thomas Leslie " Jack " Axford VC , MM ( 18 June 1894 – 11 October 1983 ) , was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Axford was born on 18 June 1894 at Carrieton , South Australia . He moved to Coolgardie , Western Australia with his family at the age of two , and worked at the Boulder Brewery after leaving school . Military service . Axford enlisted in the Citizen Military Forces military forces in 1912 . He served in the 84th Infantry Regiment until July 1915 , when he joined the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) . Axford was assigned to the 11th Reinforcements of the 16th Battalion on 9 August 1915 , which left Australia on " HMAT Benalla " that November . Axford was wounded in August 1916 and again in August 1917 , the second time so badly that he did not rejoin his battalion until January 1918 . In February 1918 , he was promoted to Lance Corporal . On 24 May 1918 , Axford was awarded the Military Medal . On 4 July 1918 , the events took place for which Axford was awarded the VC : In addition to the VC , Axford was also that month promoted to corporal . Axford returned to Western Australia in October 1918 , and was discharged on 2 February 1919 . Later life . In November 1919 Axford was working as a miner in Kalgoorlie . In June 1941 , during the Second World War , he re - enlisted and served with the Western Australian Echelon and Records Office . He was discharged with the rank of sergeant in April 1947 . In later life he lived for many years in Perth in the suburb of Mount Hawthorn . He died on 11 October 1983 and was cremated at the Karrakatta Crematorium in Perth . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Australian War Memorial , Canberra . " Axford Park " in Mount Hawthorn , and the Thomas Axford ward at the former Repatriation General Hospital , Hollywood , are named in his honour .
Slighting A slighting is the deliberate destruction , partial or complete , of a fortification without opposition . Sometimes , such as during the Wars of Scottish Independence and the English Civil War , the intention was to render the structure unusable as a fortress . Middle Ages . In England during the Middle Ages adulterine ( unauthorised ) castles if captured by the king would usually be slighted . During the Wars of Scottish Independence King Robert the Bruce adopted a strategy of slighting Scottish castles to prevent them being occupied by the English . A strategy of slighting castles in the Levant was also adopted by the Mameluke s in their wars with the Crusaders . Treaty of Edinburgh 1560 . Under the terms of " The concessions of Francis and Mary to the nobility and the people of Scotland " and the Treaty of Edinburgh in July 1560 , various fortified places were designated for demolition to prevent their use by French and English forces . These included the recent fortifications at Dunbar Castle , Leith and Eyemouth . On the island of Inchkeith a token garrison of 60 French soldiers were allowed to remain for a time . Inchkeith and Dunbar were finally slighted in 1567 . English Civil War . During the English Civil War many castles and fortified houses were slighted by the Parliamentarians to stop them being used by the Royalists . Most of the destruction was in Wales , the Midlands , and Yorkshire . The coastal fortifications were spared by the Commonwealth , as they might have been useful for hindering a Royalist or foreign invasion . Burg Rheinfels . Situated on the left bank of the Rhine , Burg Rheinfels was started in 1245 by Count Diether V of Katzenelnbogen . By the late 17th century it was a fortress complex . It was the only Rhineland fortress to hold out against the French in the War of the Palatine Succession ( 1688 – 1697 ) . During the French Revolutionary Wars , the left bank of the Rhine was annexed by the French Republic and incorporated into France as the department of Rhin - et - Moselle . Under the orders of the French Revolutionary government , Burg Rheinfels was slighted in 1797 .
Frank Charles Bunnell Frank Charles Bunnell ( March 19 , 1842 – September 11 , 1911 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Biography . Frank C . Bunnell was born in Washington Township , Pennsylvania . He attended the district rural school and Wyoming Seminary in Kingston , Pennsylvania , until he enlisted as a private in Company B , Fifty - second Regiment , Pennsylvania Volunteers , in September 1861 . He was promoted and served as quartermaster sergeant of his regiment during the peninsular campaign under General McClellan . He was discharged from the service April 2 , 1863 , on a surgeon ’ s certificate of disability . He was engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1864 to 1869 . He moved to Tunkhannock , Pennsylvania , and engaged in agricultural pursuits and in banking . Bunnell was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination in 1872 . He was subsequently elected to the Forty - second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ulysses Mercur . He served as president of the Wyoming County Agricultural Society for over twenty years , and was elected burgess and borough treasurer of Tunkhannock in 1884 . Bunnell was again elected as a Republican to the Forty - ninth and Fiftieth Congresses . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1888 . He died in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Interment in Gravel Hill Cemetery in Tunkhannock , Pennsylvania .
Type 210 100 mm naval gun The Type 210 automatic single 100 mm naval gun is the Chinese modification of the Compact model of the French 100 mm naval gun . There are at least two variants , with both sharing similar characteristics with the French weapon . Type 210 . The Type 210 was developed to make the French gun suitable for Chinese deployment . The French gun was incompatible with Soviet and Chinese electronics ; it was easier to make the gun compatible with these electronics , and Western electronics , than to alter the electronic suites already aboard warships . Furthermore , the Chinese added the capability to fire laser - and infrared - guided shells ; this required significant changes to the magazine . The weapon ' s maximum rate of fire for a single type of unguided round was 90 rounds per minute . The rate of fire was reduced when switching between different types of ammunition . Type H / PJ87 . The Type H / PJ87 100 mm naval gun was a further development of the Type 210 . The most obvious external difference was that the Type H / PJ87 was mounted in a reduced radar cross - section turret . The Type H / PJ87 is replacing all other large calibre guns aboard frontline Chinese warships .
Flag captain In the Royal Navy , a flag captain was the captain of an admiral ' s flagship . During the 18th and 19th centuries , this ship might also have a " captain of the fleet " , who would be ranked between the admiral and the " flag captain " as the ship ' s " First Captain " , with the " flag captain " as the ship ' s " Second Captain " . Unlike a " captain of the fleet " , a flag - captain was generally a fairly junior post - captain , as he had the Admiral to keep an eye on him , but - like a " captain of the fleet " - a " flag captain " was a post rather than a rank .
Battle of Sariwon The Battle of Sariwon took place on 17 October 1950 during the United Nations ( UN ) counter - offensive against the North Korean forces which had invaded South Korea . With many North Korean units falling back under pressure from UN forces the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade under Brigadier Basil Coad — – comprising the 1st Battalion , the Argyll and Sutherland Highland Regiment , the 1st Battalion , the Middlesex Regiment and 3rd Battalion , the Royal Australian Regiment — – captured the town of Sariwon during a confused and largely one - sided action . Elements of the 7th US Cavalry Regiment were also involved . North Korean casualties included 215 killed and more than 3 , 700 captured , whilst British - Commonwealth losses were 1 killed and 3 wounded ( all of them from the Argylls ) .
SM UC - 108 SM " UC - 108 " was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U - boat built for the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was launched on 2 June 1918 and completed on 15 November 1918 . Because " UC - 108 " was finished after the end of fighting , she was never commissioned into the German Imperial Navy ; had she been so commissioned , she would have been named SM " UC - 108 " . " UC - 108 " was awarded to the France as a war reparation and broken up in 1921 .
HMS L23 HMS " L23 " was a British L class submarine laid down on 29 August 1917 and moved to HM Dockyard , Chatham for completion . She was commissioned on an unknown date . HMS " L23 " survived a heavy depth charge attack by two German destroyers in February 1940 . But luckily , an oil escape occurred which fooled the Germans into believing she was destroyed . " L23 " was decommissioned in May 1946 after a long , distinguished service .
Battle of Bayou Meto The Battle of Bayou Meto , sometimes called the Battle of Reed ' s Bridge , was a battle in the American Civil War August 27 , 1863 near Jacksonville , Arkansas . Battle . On August 27 , Union forces commanded by John Davidson attacked an entrenched Confederate position north east of the Bayou Meto . The Union attack successfully dislodged the Confederate forces from their initial positions . The Confederate forces retreated across the Bayou Meto , burned Reed ' s Bridge , and repulsed Union attempts to cross the stream . The battle continued as an artillery duel until nightfall , at which point the Union forces retreated . Aftermath . Bayou Meto was the last successful Confederate opposition to the Union Advance on Little Rock . After Bayou Meto , General Frederick Steele decided to advance on Little Rock from the south - east , leading to the Battle of Bayou Fourche on September 10 and the fall of Little Rock . After the battle and as the culmination of previous disagreements , Confederate commander John S . Marmaduke asked to be removed from General Lucius Walker ' s command under threat of resignation . Thereafter , Walker challenged Marmaduke to a duel in which Walker was mortally wounded .
56th Rescue Squadron The 56th Rescue Squadron ( 56 RQS ) is part of the 48th Fighter Wing at RAF Lakenheath , England . It operates HH - 60G Pave Hawk aircraft conducting search and rescue missions . Mission . The 56th Rescue Squadron is a combat - ready search and rescue squadron of HH - 60G Pave Hawk helicopters capable of executing all - weather search and rescue missions day or night in hostile environments in support of USAFE , USEUCOM , and NATO operations . It employs a state - of - the - art communications and navigation system along with advanced search and rescue equipment . The squadron is capable of deploying to any theater of operations in the world . History . The 56th flew search and rescue , and medical evacuation , in North Africa and southern Europe from , November 1952 - March 1960 . It flew combat missions in Southeast Asia from , 10 July 1972 - 15 August 1973 , to include search and rescue , airborne mission control , and aerial refueling . The squadron continued to perform local search and rescue until February 1975 . It flew search and rescue support to the Iceland Defense Force from , May 1988 - September 2006 . On 1 April 1972 the 39th ARRS was dissolved and the aircraft and crews temporarily became part of Detachment 4 of the 3d Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Group at Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base . On 8 July 1972 the Detachment was redesignated the 56th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron . Operations . On 12 April 1975 the squadron ' s HC - 130 Ps supported Operation Eagle Pull , the evacuation of Phnom Penh , Cambodia . On 15 October 1975 the squadron was inactivated at Korat RTAFB and its 4 remaining HC - 130Ps joined the 40th ARRS . In 2011 a detachment of helicopters from the 56th deployed on board the .
Operation Vulcan During the Second World War , Operation Vulcan was the final ground attack against German forces in Tunis , Cap Bon , and Bizerte , Tunisia , the last Axis toeholds in North Africa . German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel believed that the Axis position in Tunisia was untenable , and he had recommended the evacuation of all German troops to Italy , where he believed they could be more useful . His advice was rejected by Hitler . In addition , the Germans did not actually have the sea shipping capability or the control of the air to do this . The fighting was heavy , with German units in well - prepared and dug - in defences . In the advance on Tunis , the British 4th Infantry Division was confronted by paratrooper s of the elite Hermann Göring Parachute Division . The British attack was costly , and previous attacks had been repulsed with heavy losses . At the " Cactus Farm " , the British infantry was faced by fierce defensive fire from well - concealed German paratroopers . Consequently , Churchill tank s of the 12th Royal Tank Regiment advanced without any infantry support , and the tanks were assaulted by the defenders using Molotov cocktail s and sticky " teller " anti - tank mines . Twelve tanks were destroyed and in some cases , their crews were rescued from the burning wrecks by the German defenders . On 6 May 1943 , at the culmination of Operation Vulcan , the British army took Tunis and American troops reached Bizerte . By 13 May , all of the Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered . By the close of the operation , nearly 240 , 000 German and Italian troops were captured . In April , a major Allied air force effort ( Operation Flax ) had cut off Axis supplies to North Africa . The United States Army forces surrounded the last defenders at Enfidaville , ending the Axis effort in North Africa . Operation Retribution and the control of the air and of the sea prevented any large - scale evacuation of Axis troops to Italy .
Fontainebleau Agreements The Fontainebleau Agreements was an agreement between the France and the Vietminh made before the outbreak of the First Indochina War . The agreements affiliated Vietnam under the French Union . At these meetings Ho Chi Minh pushed for Vietnamese independence but the French would not agree to this proposal . When the Vietnamese government wrote a draft constitution without reference to the French they attempt to regain control of their colony causing the outbreak of the Franco - Vietminh War .
Guatemalan Air Force The Guatemalan Air Force ( FAG ) is the " Air Force " of Guatemala Army . It is organized , equipped and trained to plan , conduct and implement actions imposed by the State Military Defense regarding the use of air power . Provided in coordination with the Land and Sea Forces and defense security of the Republic of Guatemala , including the territorial sea , contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone . Guatemala ' s air force operates from five military bases , which are : The Armed Forces of Guatemala has about 1 . 378 elements ( data from 2008 ) and is subject to Army .
Commissariat A commissariat is the department of an army charged with the provision of supplies , both food and forage , for the troops . The supply of military stores such as ammunition is not included in the duties of a commissariat . In almost every army the duties of transport and supply are performed by the same corps of departmental troops . An officer of a commissariat is a commissary . British Army . In the British Army , the Commissariat was a uniformed civilian service until 1869 , when its officers transferred to the new Control Department as commissioned Army officers . The supply organization of the British Army went through a number of incarnations , including the Commissariat and Transport Department , Staff and Corps , before becoming the Army Service Corps in 1888 . In the " Major General ' s Song " in " The Pirates of Penzance " by Gilbert and Sullivan , the Major - General boasts that when , among many other bits and pieces of seemingly elementary information , he " know ( s ) precisely what is meant by commissariat " , he will be the best officer the army has ever seen ( satirizing 19th century British officers ' lack of concrete military knowledge ) . Soviet Army and modern Russian Army . Military commissariat s of the Soviet Army and modern Russian Army is а local military administrative agency that prepares and executes plans for military mobilization , maintains records on military manpower and economic resources available to the armed forces , provides pre - military training , drafts men for military service , organizes reserves for training , and performs other military functions at the local level . Religious usage . Among Roman Catholic religious order s , the term Commissariat refers to a division of the Order which is a semi - autonomous body . It is considered less viable than a full Province , but with potential to develop into such , or it serves a group within the Order who are best served separately than in a Province into which they would otherwise be forced , e . g . , due to language divisions . As with military usage , the Religious Superior of the division is referred to as the Commissary . The term is most commonly used among Franciscan Orders . See also . Commissariat is also a common last name within the Parsi community .
German submarine U - 578 German submarine " U - 578 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out five patrols , sank four ships of 23 , 635 GRT and sank a warship of 1 , 090 tons . She was posted missing in the Bay of Biscay from August 1942 , with no explanation for her loss . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 1 August 1940 at " Blohm & Voss " , Hamburg as ' werk ' 554 , launched on 15 May 1941 and commissioned on 10 July under the command of " Fregattenkapitän " Ernst - August Rehwinkel . She served with the 5th U - boat Flotilla from 10 July 1941 and the 7th U - boat Flotilla for training from 1 September . She stayed with the latter organization for operations until her loss , from 1 October 1941 to 6 August 1942 . 1st and 2nd patrols . " U - 432 " s first patrol was from Kirkenes in Norway , she was rammed by a Soviet escort on 25 November 1941 off the Kola Peninsula ; damage was slight . She arrived back at Kirkenes on the 27th . She then headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the ' gap ' separating the Faroe and Shetland Islands . She arrived at St . Nazaire in occupied France , on 28 January 1942 . 3rd patrol . Having left St . Nazaire on 3 February 1942 , as part of Operation " Drumbeat " , ( U - boat operations off the eastern seaboard of the United States ) , " U - 578 " hit the " R . P . Resor " on the 27th with a torpedo east of Manasquan Inlet , New Jersey . The tug USS " Sagamore " attempted to take the ship in tow , but she capsized and sank 48 hours after the initial attack east of Barnegat , also New Jersey . The next day she sank the American destroyer USS " Jacob Jones " . The ' four - stacker ' , completed in October 1919 , was the first warship to be lost to enemy action in US waters . On the return leg toward France , she sank the in - ballast " Ingerto " on 12 March 1942 in mid - Atlantic . She docked at St . Nazaire on the 25th . 4th patrol . Patrol number four was the boat ' s longest ( 58 days ) , but in terms of tonnage sunk , her most successful . She attacked the " Polyphermus " on 27 May 1942 north of Bermuda . She also sank the " Berganger " on 2 June southeast of Cape Cod . 5th patrol and loss . The boat set out from St . Nazaire for the last time on 6 August 1942 . She was posted missing in the Bay of Biscay from that date , with no explanation for her loss . Forty - nine men died with " U - 578 " ; there were no survivors . Previously recorded fate . Sunk on 10 August 1942 in the Bay of Biscay by depth charges from a Czechoslovakian aircraft of No . 311 Squadron RAF . This attack was on " U - 135 " . Damage was minor .
Industry day An industry day is an event held by a military to present requirements to industry representatives for weapons or vehicles . Common presentation methods include outlines by powerpoint . Industry days are usually held in succession with each event holding fewer people as contractors drop their bids .
Advanced Medium STOL Transport The Advanced Medium STOL Transport ( AMST ) project was intended to replace the Lockheed C - 130 Hercules tactical transport in United States Air Force service with a new aircraft with improved STOL performance . Increased need for strategic airlift led the Air Force to cancel the AMST program and seek a larger airlifter . History . The Advanced Medium STOL Transport project arose from a USAF requirement released in 1968 . The official RFP was issued in 1972 , asking for a C - 130 - class aircraft with short take - off and landing capability . This included operating from a semi - prepared field with a radius with a payload . The C - 130 of that era required about for this load . Five companies ( Bell , Boeing , Fairchild , McDonnell Douglas and the Lockheed / North American Rockwell team ) submitted designs at this stage of the competition . On 10 November 1972 the downselect was carried out , and Boeing and McDonnell Douglas won development contracts for two prototypes each . This resulted in the YC - 14 and YC - 15 , respectively . Both the Boeing YC - 14 and McDonnell - Douglas YC - 15 met the specifications of the contest under most conditions . Both types had higher drag than expected , which decreased performance . In the end it was found more economical to just continue production of the Lockheed C - 130 Hercules , which the AMST might have replaced . The C - 130 continues in production to this date . . On the Boeing YC - 14 , the upper - surface - blowing design for high aerodynamic lift used two jet engines that blew high - velocity airstreams over the inboard portion of the wing and over special trailing - edge flaps . The large multisection flaps extended rearward and downward from the wing ' s trailing edge to increase the wing area , thus creating extra lift , which was further augmented by positioning the engines so their jet blast across the upper wing surfaces created still more lift . In addition , the placement of the engines above the wing prevented the engines from ingesting dirt and debris and shielded some of the engine noise from the ground so that the transport could make a quieter approach . The McDonnell Douglas YC - 15 had four engines , while the Boeing version had two . The YC - 15 used large double - slotted flaps that extended over 75 percent of the wingspan to enhance STOL capabilities . To save costs , it used a modified DC - 8 nosewheel unit and the DC - 10 cockpit , adapted for a two - person crew , with two lower windows for visibility during short - field landings . The increasing importance of strategic vs . tactical missions eventually led to an end of the AMST program in December 1979 . Then , in November 1979 , the C - X Task Force formed to develop the required strategic aircraft with tactical capability . The C - X program selected a proposal for an enlarged and upgraded YC - 15 and one prototype ( " 72 - 1875 " ) was reclaimed from the Pima Air & Space Museum refurbished and returned to Edwards AFB , CA for flight testing that was later incorporated into development of the C - 17 Globemaster III .