naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Mountain Warfare Training Center The Mountain Warfare Training Center ( MWTC ) is a United States Marine Corps installation located in Pickel Meadows on California State Route 108 in the Toiyabe National Forest , 21 miles northwest of Bridgeport , California . The training center exists to train units in complex compartmented terrain . Mission . The Marine Corps ' Mountain Warfare Training Center , as a major subordinate element of Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command , and with support from Marine Corps Installations - West , conducts unit and individual training courses to prepare USMC , Joint , and Allied Forces for operations in mountainous , high altitude , and cold weather environments in support of the Regional Combatant Commanders . Additionally , MWTC provides support to Marine Corps Combat Development Command ( MCCDC ) ; Training and Education Command ; Marine Corps Systems Command ; and other USMC and Department of Defense ( DOD ) agencies engaged in the development of warfighting doctrine and specialized equipment for use in mountain and cold weather operations . History . The Mountain Warfare Training Center ( MWTC ) is one of the Corps most remote and isolated posts . The Center was established in 1951 as the Cold Weather Battalion with a mission of providing cold weather training for replacement personnel bound for Korea . After the Korean War , in 1963 , the school was renamed the " Mountain Warfare Training Center " due to its expanded role . During the 1980s the Training Center ' s focus was on training and preparing Marines and operational units for deployments on NATO ' s Northern flank , particularly Norway . Recently , with the Global War on Terrorism , the MWTC provides pre - deployment training in support of Operation Enduring Freedom — the war in Afghanistan . Operating Areas . MWTC is located in what ' s known as Pickel Meadows of the Sierra Nevada mountains south of Lake Tahoe on of mountainous terrain with elevations from – 11 , 000 ft . Other areas utilized by MWTC : Sweetwater Airstrip , Mt Shasta , the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada ( U . S . ) and Hawthorne Army Depot for live fire exercises .
Amphoterus ( admiral ) Amphoterus ( Greek : ) the brother of Craterus , was appointed by Alexander the Great commander of the fleet in the Hellespont in 333 BC . Amphoterus subdued the islands between Greece and Asia which did not acknowledge Alexander , cleared Crete of the Persians and pirates , and sailed to Peloponnesus in 331 BC , to put down a rising against the Macedonian power .
HMS Duke of Gloucester ( 1807 ) HMS " Duke of Gloucester " ( or " Gloucester " ) was a 10 gun brig of the Royal Navy which was launched at the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard in Kingston , Ontario . During the naval campaign in the War of 1812 , H . M . S . " Duke of Gloucester " and H . M . S . " Growler " engaged the U . S . Schooner " Julia " at Sackets Harbour on July 19 , 1812 . She was being repaired at York when the Americans briefly captured the colonial capital in 1813 during the War of 1812 . She was sailed away , but British general Roger Hale Sheaffe ordered that her sister ship , HMS " Sir Isaac Brock " , was to be torched during the British retreat from York . This prevented the Americans from seizing the frigate . " Gloucester " was herself destroyed by the British a month later on 29 May 1813 in the Battle of Sackett ' s Harbor .
Cockermouth Castle Cockermouth Castle ( ) is in the town of Cockermouth in Cumbria on a site by the junction of the Rivers Cocker and Derwent . The first castle on this site was built by the Normans in 1134 . Various magnates held it , the most prominent being the Percy Earls of Northumberland from the 1400s to 1600s . Significant additions were made in the 13th and 14th centuries . The castle played a significant role in the Wars of the Roses , and in the Civil War , when it was badly damaged . Although it was partly restored in the 19th century much of it is still in ruins . It is a grade I listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Cockermouth Castle is currently ( 2007 ) owned by Pamela Lady Egremont .
USS Liberty ( 1775 ) USS " Liberty " was a schooner built at Skenesboro ( now Whitehall on Lake Champlain , New York for wealthy landowner and former British Army Captain Philip Skene . It was captured on 11 May 1775 during a raid on Skenesboro led by Capt . Samuel Herrick , an early action in the American Revolution . Named " Liberty " to honor the patriot cause , it sailed via Fort Ticonderoga and Fort Crown Point toward St . Jean , the British shipyard on the lake . North of Isle La Motte , the schooner was becalmed , but General Benedict Arnold and 35 men pressed on in small boats . After rowing all night the raiders surprised the fort and captured the sloop " George " ( renamed " Enterprise " ) . The two ships , reinforced by new vessels built at Skenesboro , supported the Continental forces during the Canadian campaign , and prepared to defend the lake when the British assumed the offensive . During the battle of Valcour Island , " Liberty " , away on a supply run , escaped the fate of most of Arnold ' s fleet , only to be destroyed the following summer as Burgoyne marched south .
List of Schedule 3 substances ( CWC ) Schedule 3 substances , in the sense of the Chemical Weapons Convention , are chemicals which can either be used as toxic chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons but which also have legitimate large - scale industrial uses . Plants which manufacture of more than 30 tonnes per year must be declared and can be inspected as per Part VIII of the " Verification Annex " , and there are restrictions on export to countries which are not CWC signatories . Examples of these substances are phosgene , which has been used as a chemical weapon but which is also a precursor in the manufacture of many legitimate organic compounds and triethanolamine , used in the manufacture of nitrogen mustard but also commonly used in toiletries and detergents . As with the other schedules , they are sub - divided into Part A substances , which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons , and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons . Chemicals which can be used as weapons , or used in their manufacture , but which have no , or almost no , legitimate applications as well are listed in Schedule 1 , whilst Schedule 2 is used for chemicals which have legitimate small - scale applications . Guidelines for Schedule 3 . The criteria for including a chemical in this schedule is that it is not listed in either of the other two , and :
SM UC - 20 SM " UC - 20 " was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . The U - boat was ordered on 26 August 1915 and was launched on 1 April 1916 . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 7 September 1916 as SM " UC - 20 " . In 13 patrols " UC - 20 " was credited with sinking 21 ships , either by torpedo or by mines laid . " UC - 20 " was surrendered on 16 January 1919 and broken up at Preston in 1919 – 20 .
435 Transport and Rescue Squadron 435 Transport and Rescue Squadron ( French : " 435e Escadron de transport et de sauvetage " ) , nicknamed " Chinthe Squadron " , is a Royal Canadian Air Force strategic transport , aerial refueling and search and rescue unit based at Canadian Forces Base ( CFB ) Winnipeg in the Western province of Manitoba , Canada . The squadron flies eight Lockheed CC - 130H Hercules aircraft . In addition to being the only provider of tactical fighter air - to - air refueling in Canada , the squadron is a provider of primary search and rescue response for the largest search and rescue region in Canada , controlled from CFB Trenton . The squadron keeps an aircraft on constant readyness to deploy , with airborne Search and Rescue Technicians ( SAR Techs ) standing by to respond within 30 minutes of notification during weekdays and 2 hours at other times . The Trenton Search and Rescue Region , also covered by the 424 Transport and Rescue Squadron , extends from Quebec City to the Rocky Mountains , and from the Canada – United States border to the North Pole , covering most of Central , Western , and Northern Canada . History . No . 435 Squadron RCAF was formed on 1 November 1944 in Gujarat , India during the Burma Campaign , flying the Douglas Dakota in support of the Fourteenth Army . After war ' s end , the unit was relocated to England , where it provided transport to Canadian Army units in Europe . Deactivated on 1 April 1946 in England and re - activated three months later at RCAF Station Edmonton , the squadron relocated a few miles north to RCAF Station Namao in 1955 , flying the Fairchild C - 119 Flying Boxcar . The unit was re - equipped with the C - 130B Hercules in 1960 and upgraded to the C - 130E in 1966 . Due to requirements in the federal budget , the squadron was moved from Edmonton to 17 Wing Winnipeg in 1994 , operating from Hangar 16 , a Recognized Federal Heritage Building since 2007 . More recently , the squadron took part in Operation Southern Watch in Iraq , Operation Allied Force in Kosovo , Operation Noble Eagle domestically , and Operation Mobile during the 2011 Libyan civil war . The squadron has also participated in several exercises and support missions , and was the first Canadian unit to land a plane in Jacmel shortly after the devastating 2010 Haiti earthquake .
I . Ae . 30 Ñancú The I . Ae . 30 " Ñancú " was an Argentine twin piston engined fighter designed by the " Instituto Aerotécnico " ( AeroTechnical Institute ) in the late 1940s , similar to the de Havilland Hornet , but made of metal rather than wood . Only one prototype was completed ; the project was abandoned in favour of a jet aircraft . Design and development . The I . Ae . 30 " Ñancú " , named after an indigenous eagle of Patagonia , was designed by Italian engineer Cesare Pallavicino , who had come to Argentina in 1946 . Pallavicino led a team of Argentine technicians and engineers in developing the concept of a high - speed escort fighter , intended to be operated in conjunction with the Avro Lincoln bomber s used in the Argentine Air Force . The I . Ae . 30 had a metal structure , its powerplants consisted of two Rolls - Royce Merlin 604 engines , each developing 1 , 800 hp at 3 , 000 RPM , and four - bladed propellers . The armament would consist of six 20 mm Oerlikon automatic cannons mounted in the nose , although later plans called for 20 mm Hispano - Suiza cannons as well as a 250 kg bomb under the fuselage and two batteries of five 83 mm rockets fitted underneath the wings . Nevertheless , the prototypes were unarmed . By the end of 1947 , a contract was received for the first of three projected prototypes . On 9 June 1948 the first prototype was ready for ground tests and on 17 July 1948 , the I . Ae . 30 took to the air for the first time , piloted by Captain Edmundo Osvaldo Weiss . Operational history . The test results proved that the aircraft possessed good flying characteristics as well as meeting performance specifications . During a cross country flight , from Córdoba to Buenos Aires , the Ñancú reached a level speed of 780 km / h , setting a new piston engined speed record in South America , an achievement that has not been surpassed . Although the prototype was achieving design goals , the Fuerza Aérea Argentina was already considering the jet I . Ae . 27 Pulqui I as their future fighter program . With official interest diminishing , in early 1949 , the sole flying prototype was badly damaged in a landing accident when test pilot Carlos Fermín Bergaglio misjudged a landing and crashed . Although the pilot was uninjured and the aircraft could have been repaired , the Fabrica Militar de Aviones made a decision to abandon the project with the wrecked prototype , as well as the two unfinished prototypes still at the factory , being scrapped .
USS John R . Craig ( DD - 885 ) USS " John R . Craig " ( DD - 885 ) was a . She was named for Lieutenant Commander John R . Craig USN ( 1906 – 1943 ) , commanding officer of killed in action when the submarine was sunk by enemy Japanese destroyers in the Blackett Strait on 5 March 1943 and posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . " John R . Craig " was laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange , Texas on 17 November 1944 , launched on 14 April 1945 by Mrs . Lilian Hyde Craig , widow of Lieutenant Commander Craig and commissioned on 20 August 1945 . " John R . Craig " operated with the Seventh Fleet in support of United Nations Forces during the Korean War . " John R . Craig " underwent an extensive Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization ( FRAM ) overhaul at the Hunter ' s Point Naval Shipyard at San Francisco , California , between 6 March 1962 and 15 March 1963 . During the Vietnam War , " John R . Craig " as plane guard for aircraft carrier s on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf , participated in Operation Sea Dragon , patrolled on search and rescue duties , and carried out naval gunfire support missions . With newer destroyers coming on the scene during the Vietnam War , " John R . Craig " was assigned to United States Naval Reserve training at San Diego , California , in 1973 . During this time the ship conducted goodwill cruises to ports on the United States West Coast . She made cruises to Portland , Oregon ; Seattle , Washington ; Everett , Washington ; San Francisco , California ; Long Beach , California ; Vancouver and Victoria , British Columbia ; and to Ensenada , Mexico . " John R . Craig " was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 27 July 1979 and sunk as a target off California on 6 June 1980 .
Kenneth L . Olson Kenneth Lee Olson ( May 26 , 1945 – May 13 , 1968 ) was a United States Army soldier and a posthumous recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor . He received the award for sacrificing his own life during the Vietnam War by throwing himself over an activated hand grenade , saving the lives of fellow soldiers around him . Biography . Olson joined the Army from Minneapolis , Minnesota in 1967 , and by May 13 , 1968 was serving as a specialist four in Company A , 5th Battalion , 12th Infantry Regiment , 199th Light Infantry Brigade ( Separate ) . During a firefight on that day , in the Republic of Vietnam , Olson was about to toss a hand grenade at an enemy position when he was wounded , causing him to drop the activated grenade . He then threw himself on the grenade , sacrificing his life to protect his fellow soldiers from the blast . Olson , aged 22 at his death , was buried in Paynesville Cemetery , Paynesville , Minnesota . Medal of Honor citation . Specialist Olson ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Spec . Olson distinguished himself at the cost of his life while serving as a team leader with Company A . Spec . Olson was participating in a mission to reinforce a reconnaissance platoon which was heavily engaged with a well - entrenched Viet Cong force . When his platoon moved into the area of contact and had overrun the first line of enemy bunker s , Spec . Olson and a fellow soldier moved forward of the platoon to investigate another suspected line of bunkers . As the 2 men advanced they were pinned down by intense automatic weapons fire from an enemy position 10 meters to their front . With complete disregard for his safety , Spec . Olson exposed himself and hurled a hand grenade into the Viet Cong position . Failing to silence the hostile fire , he again exposed himself to the intense fire in preparation to assault the enemy position . As he prepared to hurl the grenade , he was wounded , causing him to drop the activated device within his own position . Realizing that it would explode immediately , Spec . Olson threw himself upon the grenade and pulled it in to his body to take the full force of the explosion . By this unselfish action Spec . Olson sacrificed his own life to save the lives of his fellow comrades - in - arms . His extraordinary heroism inspired his fellow soldiers to renew their efforts and totally defeat the enemy force . Spec . Olson ' s profound courage and intrepidity were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
Mthethwa Paramountcy The Mthethwa Paramountcy , sometimes referred to as the Mthethwa Empire , was a Southern African state that arose in the 18th century south of Delagoa Bay and inland in eastern southern Africa . " Mthethwa " means " the one who rules " . History records tell us that the Mthethwa people are part of the original Nguni category of a cluster of clans , whose modern identity dates back some 700 years . They are among the original Nguni groups who left the Great Lakes in Central Africa between 200AD and 1200AD . On arrival in Southern Africa , they settled around modern day Swaziland , mainly on the Lubombo Mountains , before leaving in the 17th century to settle in modern day KwaZulu - Natal , in the Nkandla region . It consisted of more than 30 Nguni tribes , and perhaps others . Unlike its successor , the Zulu Kingdom , the Mthethwa Paramountcy was a confederation of like tribes and clans . After Shaka Zulu became king , he forged a nearly homogeneous nation with a single king ( " nkosi " ) . The Mthethwa Paramountcy was consolidated and extended under the rule of " Dingiswayo " . The chief entered into an alliance with the Tsonga to the north in the early 19th century and began trading with the Portuguese in Mozambique . About 1811 , the Buthelezi and the other Zulu tribes , including that led by " Senzangakona " , were integrated into a sort of confederacy with the Mthethwa clan predominating . Dingiswayo was killed in a battle with the Ndwandwe in 1817 . The Mthethwa Paramountcy was superseded by the Zulu Kingdom under Shaka , a former lieutenant in the Mthethwa army . Many military and administrative innovations , including the system of age regiments ( amabutho ) that later characterized the Zulu kingdom , were utilized by Mthethwa , although an older theory that credits the Nyambose rulers of Mthethwa with the introduction of amabutho is no longer accepted because of evidence for the widespread existence of amabutho going back into the 18th century and perhaps earlier . The Mthethwa were amongst the first Nguni tribes to use guns or isibhamu ( - bhamu ) depicting the sound the gun makes when fired .
Joseph H . Harper Joseph H . " Bud " Harper ( May 1 , 1901 – August 8 , 1990 ) was a United States Army officer . Harper was the officer who delivered General Anthony McAuliffe ' s one - word response , " Nuts " , to the German request for the surrender of Bastogne . Colonel Harper had been appointed to command the 401st Glider Infantry Regiment . When the 401st was split to expand the 325th Glider Infantry Regiment and 327th Glider Infantry Regiment from two battalions to three , Harper took command of the 327th . " Nuts ! " . During the siege of Bastogne in the Battle of the Bulge , two German officers and two enlisted men came in the lines of the 327th carrying a white flag . They bore a note from the German commander requesting that the Americans surrender . Harper was contacted and personally took the German ' s request to the Division command post . Brigadier General McAuliffe , who was in temporary command of the Division sent Harper back with the now - famous one word response , " Nuts . " Harper returned to the German officers with a medic , Ernie Premetz , as his translator . " I have the commander ' s reply , Harper said . He handed it to one of the German officers , who unfolded and read it . He looked up , puzzled . " " " What does that mean ? " he asked . " Is this affirmative or negative ? " " " " Definitely not affirmative , " Harper said . " The Germans were confused by the use of American slang . Ernie Premetz recalls him saying Harper and Premetz discussed how else to convey the message . " " You can tell them to take a flying s - - - , " Harper said to Premetz " . Premetz , knowing he had to convey the intent of the message , translated this as - " Du kannst zum Teufel gehen . " ( " You can go to hell . " ) Post - war career . Harper remained in the Army , reaching the rank of Major General and serving as Commandant of the United States Army Infantry School .
USS F . J . Luckenbach ( ID - 2160 ) USS " F . J . Luckenbach " ( ID - 2160 ) was a cargo ship and troop transport that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . SS " F . J . Luckenbach " was built as a commercial cargo ship at Quincy , Massachusetts , by Fore River Shipbuilding Corporation for Luckenbach Steamship Company of New York City . Launched on 15 September 1917 , she was delivered to Luckenbach on 28 November 1917 . She then came under the control of the United States Shipping Board . The Shipping Board transferred her to the U . S . Navy for World War I service on 9 January 1918 . Assigned Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 2160 , she was commissioned the same day as USS " F . J . Luckenbach " with Lieutenant Commander W . McLean , USNRF , in command . Outfitted as an animal transport , " F . J . Luckenbach " carried horses , mules , and general United States Army cargo on five voyages to France from New York City between 12 February 1918 and 21 February 1919 . She was then converted for postwar troop transport duty , and made two voyages to return troops of the American Expeditionary Force from Europe to the United States between April 1919 and July 1919 . Decommissioned on 18 August 1919 , " F . J . Luckenbach " was transferred to the Shipping Board the same day for return to her owner . Once again SS " F . J . Luckenbach " , she resumed commercial service as a cargo ship . She was scrapped in 1951 .
No . 530 Squadron RAF No . 530 Squadron RAF was one of the ten Turbinlite nightfighter squadrons of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . History . No . 530 Squadron was formed at RAF Hunsdon , Hertfordshire on 8 September 1942 , from No . 1451 ( Turbinlite ) Flight , as part of No . 11 Group RAF in Fighter Command . Instead of operating only Turbinlite and - rudimentary - Airborne Intercept ( AI ) radar equipped aircraft ( Havocs and Bostons ) and working together with a normal nightfighter unit , such as with 3 Squadron in the Flight , the unit now also flew with their own Hawker Hurricane s . It was disbanded at Hunsdon on 25 January 1943 , when Turbinlite squadrons were , due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar , thought to be superfluous .
USS Richard Vaux ( 1864 ) USS " Richard Vaux " ( 1864 ) , a 120 - ton canal boat , was purchased by the Union Navy at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , 16 July 1864 , for use as part of the “ stone fleet ” of obstructions in the waterways of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . " Richard Vaux " was laden with stone , and sent via Baltimore , Maryland , to the James River to be sunk on the bar at Trent ' s Reach , Virginia , to protect Union troops from Confederate attack by water .