naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Foreign Language Proficiency Pay Foreign Language Proficiency Bonus ( FLPB ) is a special pay given to members of the United States Military who demonstrate proficiency in one or more foreign languages and is regulated by 37 United States Code Section 316 and DoD Instruction 7280 . 03 . Foreign Language Proficiency Bonus ( FLPB ) is sometimes abbreviated as FLPP or FLP Pay , but FLPP for military was changed to FLPB in 2006 ; it is usually pronounced " Flip Pay . " If referring to FLPP after 2006 , one is referring to DoD Civilian FLPP , not the military FLPB . By receiving FLPB , a member agrees that they are available wherever and whenever they are needed by the military for the purpose of their language skills . Payment . FLPB is usually paid on a monthly , bonus basis ( installments ) , but may be paid an annual , lump sum bonuses . The amount of bonus varies based on the category ( payment list ) of the language , the level of demonstrated proficiency , and possibly the member ' s occupation ( Army or Marine Corps MOS , Air Force Specialty Code ( AFSC ) or Navy Enlisted Classification ( NEC ) Code ] ) . The lowest payment is $ 100 per month . By law ( 37 USC Sections 316 ( current authority ) and 353 ( future authority ) ) , the Services are authorized to pay up to $ 1 , 000 per month per member for FLPB , depending on the number of languages proficient at , and the skill level demonstrated on the DLPT . However , the individual services are each making their own plans for implementation . They are also authorized to pay out an annual lump sum ( max $ 12 , 000 ) instead of monthly payments , but not required . National Guard Service Members who are mobilized must be coded for FLPB on a monthly basis through their home state USPFO office . Eligible Languages and Ratings . Eligible languages are updated annually in a memo put out by U . S . government . These languages are listed on the Strategic Languages List ( SLL ) and categorized by payment list A ( Immediate Investment languages ) , payment list B ( SLL Stronghold languages ) , and payment list C . Languages that are considered " dominant in the force " are not eligible for FLPP unless the servicemember is in a linguist - position job ( as with French , Spanish , Portuguese - Brazilian and Portuguese , Russian , Tagalog , and German ) . Many other languages are eligible for FLPP regardless of the member ' s job or language use in their job . Demonstrated Proficiency . Proficiency is demonstrated via the Defense Language Proficiency Test ( DLPT ) . Typically , a score of 2 / 2 ( 2 in listening and a 2 in reading ) is the minimum to receive the payment . The member must retest each year to continue receiving the payment . To be paid FLPP a service member ' s orders must state the service members ' s eligibility for this entitlement .
HMS Rothesay ( F107 ) HMS " Rothesay " was the lead ship of the " Rothesay " or Type 12M class of anti - submarine frigate s of the British Royal Navy . She was commissioned in 1960 and scrapped in 1988 . History . In the spring / summer of 1961 " Rothesay " was in Halifax , Nova Scotia and was intending to make courtesy calls at ports on the eastern seaboard of the USA but was instead diverted to Bermuda where she was to stay ready to protect British interests in Cuba . On 21 March 1962 she accidentally rammed the Turkish " Gur " in the western Mediterranean ( off Gibraltar ) during the NATO exercise " Dawn Breeze " . During two visits to the West Indies ( 7 months and 11 months ) she was at Nassau and filmed for three days to get a 30 second showing in the James Bond film " Thunderball " . A sheet of canvas with a " 0 " was placed over the " F1 " of her pennant number ( F107 ) to read 007 . Sean Connery and Claudine Auger came on board . Between 1966 and 1968 " Rothesay " was refitted in Rosyth , Among the improvements the 40 mm gun was replaced with Seacat missile system , radar and communication equipment was updated , accommodation improved and perhaps most significantly a helicopter flight deck and hangar were added . Although this required the removal of one of the two triple barrelled anti - submarine mortar s , it allowed the " Rothesay " class to carry the Westland Wasp helicopter which was a huge asset for anti - submarine operations . This modernisation was a vast improvement over the " Whitby " class and brought the " Rothesay " class up to the standard of the succeeding . On 19 March 1969 , together with " Minerva " , they landed 315 men of The Parachute Regiment on Anguilla to restore order after the islanders objected to being placed under the government of Saint Kitts . In 1971 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days . In 1973 " Rothesay " undertook Cod War fishery protection patrols . She attended the 1977 Silver Jubilee Fleet Review with sister ships " Plymouth " , " Berwick " and " Brighton " . At this time she was part of the 8th Frigate Squadron . At the start of the Falklands War , " Rothesay " was in Rosyth under repair after she hit a sea wall in Esjberg , Denmark . During the 1982 conflict , " Rothesay " was stationed in the Caribbean . There were plans to withdraw the ship from service in 1983 but these were abandoned and instead in 1985 she underwent a refit in preparation for her new role in the Dartmouth Training Squadron . She served in this role until she was paid off on 13 March 1988 . During her many years of service she clocked up over 800 , 000 miles . She was sold to Spain and was broken up at Santander in 1988 .
Association of Military Surgeons of the United States The Association of Military Surgeons of the United States ( AMSUS ) is a professional association of healthcare professionals serving in the Active and Reserve components of the Uniformed services of the United States , as well as the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs . Purpose . Organized in 1891 , and granted a Congressional charter in 1903 , the act of congress establishing the AMSUS stated that its purpose was : . . . advancing the knowledge of military surgery , medicine , and sanitation in the medical departments of the Army , the Navy , and the Marine - Hospital Service of the United States and of the militia of the different states , and to increase the efficiency of the different services by mutual association and the consideration of matters pertaining to the medico - military service of the United States in peace and in war . This original foundation is still the basis of the AMSUS mission to advance the knowledge of military healthcare and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of its members through organizational association and by providing a forum to consider matters of importance to its membership in times of peace and war . AMSUS has stated its dedication to fulfilling the following : " Military Medicine " . " Military Medicine " is the official journal of AMSUS . Established in 1892 as " The Military Surgeon " , it is a monthly peer - reviewed medical journal covering research and developments in the field of Military medicine . The journal publishes research reports , case report s , editorial s , letters to the editor , and book review s .
VBTP - MR Guarani The VBTP - MR Guarani is an armoured fighting vehicle being designed by the IVECO to the Brazilian Army . Description . The VBTP - MR Guarani it ' s a AFV that is being created by IVECO and the Brazilian Army , in the program there ' s also the Brazilian Companies IMBEL ( Communications ) , the ELBIT ( Armaments ) , the Usiminas and the Villares ( development of national ballistic structural steel ) . About 30 engineers and technicians are directly involved in the project . The first prototype is under construction in Minas Gerais and is ready in the first half of 2010 . Another 16 units of a pilot batch will be produced by Iveco in Brazil between 2010 and 2012 . A full - scale mockup of VBTP - MR has been demonstrated in Latin America Aero & Defense ( LAAD ) , the largest exhibition of military equipment in Latin America , held in Rio Centro , Rio de Janeiro in April 2009 . The first units of the Guarani should be coming in 2011 .
Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve ( RANVR ) is a defunct reserve force of the Royal Australian Navy . The current Royal Australian Naval Reserve was formed in June 1973 , from a merger of the RANVR and the RANR ( Seagoing ) . During World War II , most Australian coastwatchers were commissioned as officers in the RANVR . Some RANVR ' s also served in the Royal Navy . HMS Lady Shirley was a fishing trawler requisitioned by the Royal Navy in 1940 and converted for anti - submarine warfare . It went into service in January 1941 and served with the 31st Anti - Submarine Group based at Gibraltar under the command of Lt Cdr Arthur Henry Callaway DSO RANVR sinking German submarine U - 111 .
French military mission to Japan ( 1884 – 89 ) The 1884 French Military Mission to Japan was the third French military mission to that country and consisted of five men . It followed two earlier missions , the first French Military Mission to Japan ( 1867 - 1868 ) , and the second French Military Mission to Japan ( 1872 - 1880 ) , which had a considerable role in shaping the new Imperial Japanese Army . From 1886 to 1889 , Japan somewhat shifted to Germany as a military example , and invited two German officers ( particularly Jakob Meckel ) in parallel to the French Mission , who were put in charge of reforming the Japanese General Staff . France would gain considerable influence with the Imperial Japanese Navy instead , with the dispatch of the engineer Louis - Émile Bertin .
Hans - Dietrich von Tiesenhausen Hans - Diedrich Freiherr von Tiesenhausen ( 22 February 1913 – 17 August 2000 ) was a German " Kapitänleutnant " with the Kriegsmarine during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Life . Tiesenhausen sailed with the and . He achieved his greatest success as a U - boat commander by sinking the British battleship on 25 November 1941 . On his 3rd patrol " U - 331 " returned to the Egyptian coast . On 17 November she landed seven men of the " Lehrregiment Brandenburg " east of Ras Gibeisa , on a mission to blow up a railway line near the coast , which failed . " U - 331 " was sunk on 17 November 1942 , north of Algiers , during " Operation Torch " . She had been badly damaged after being attacked by a Lockheed Hudson bomber and signalled surrender , but was attacked and sunk by a Fairey Albacore torpedo - bomber from the British aircraft carrier . Of her crew 32 were killed and 17 survived including Tiesenhausen . He was a prisoner of war in England and Canada until 1947 when he returned to Germany . He worked as a joiner , but in late 1951 he returned to Canada .
Poncho liner A poncho liner is a piece of field gear originating in the United States military intended to provide warmth in mild temperatures used as a field expedient sleeping bag when attached to the standard issue poncho by means of integral lengths of material which are looped through the poncho ' s eyelets . Construction . The poncho liner consists of two layers of quilted nylon encasing a polyester loft filling . Most examples are a variation of olive drab on one side and camouflage on the other , either ERDL pattern in earlier examples or the later Woodland pattern , as well as the MARPAT and Universal Camouflage Pattern most recently . Commercial copies include features like thinsulate batting , a zippered edge and come in a greater range of colors Opinions amongst the troops . Troops generally hold the poncho liner in high regard , as a very useful piece of equipment , light and packable yet reasonably warm . Some military personnel refer to the poncho liner as a " woobie " showing the same attachment an infant has for its blanket . Many servicemen and women go through great lengths to find ways to keep their poncho liners as long as possible , even after they have left the military . The poncho liner found wide acceptance amongst US troops in Vietnam , providing just enough warmth for cool tropical nights but light and small . It is especially popular today in the age of 100 - pound rucks and bulky Modular Sleep System s .
88th Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 88th Infantry Division ( " 88 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in November 1914 as the Menges Division ( " Division Menges " ) , named after its commander , and made up primarily of Landwehr troops . It became the 88th Infantry Division in August 1915 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . The Menges Division initially served on the Eastern Front , receiving its baptism of fire in the Battle of Łódź . In 1915 , it participated in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive , breaking through at Przaznysz and fighting in the battle on the Narew . On August 2 , 1915 , it became the 88th Infantry Division . From November 1915 to December 1917 , the division occupied the line near Daugavpils . In December 1917 , after the armistice on the Eastern Front , the division was transferred to the Western Front , where it entered the line in positions near St . Quentin and on the Oise . It participated in the 1918 German Spring Offensive , fighting in the First Battle of the Somme ( 1918 ) , also known as the Battle of St . Quentin or the Second Battle of the Somme ( to distinguish it from the 1916 battle ) . From April to July 1918 , it was in the line in the Champagne region , and then fought in the Second Battle of the Marne . Except for minor periods , it remained in the Champagne region until the end of the war , and faced the Allied Meuse - Argonne Offensive in October and November 1918 . Allied intelligence rated the division as fourth class . Order of battle on formation . The 88th Infantry Division was formed as an overstrength square division , with three infantry brigades . The order of battle of the division on August 2 , 1915 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . The division underwent a number of organizational changes over the course of the war . It was triangularized in the summer of 1916 . Cavalry was reduced , artillery and signals commands were formed , and combat engineer support was expanded to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on October 21 , 1918 was as follows :
Andrzej Poniatowski Prince Andrzej Poniatowski , born Count Andrzej Poniatowski ( July 16 , 1734 / 1735 - March 3 / 5 1773 ) was a Polish nobleman ( Szlachcic ) , General and Field Marshal . Andrzej was a son of Count Stanisław Poniatowski , Castellan of Kraków , and Princess Konstancja Czartoryska , the brother of King Stanisław August Poniatowski of Poland and the father of Józef Antoni Poniatowski . He became Starost of Pieńsk ( " starost prenski " ) , Lieutenant - General in 1760 and Field Marshal in 1771 both in Austrian service and disguised himself during the Seven Years ' War . In 1764 he came back to Poland and supported his brother in the royal elections in Poland . The Coronation Sejm awarded him the Polish title of Prince on December 4 , 1764 , Empress Maria Theresa on December 10 , 1765 the Bohemian title of Prince , and Emperor Joseph II the Austrian title of Prince . He married May 3 , 1761 Maria Theresia Gräfin Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau ( 14 February 1736 / 1740 - September 25 , 1806 ) , daughter of Leopold - Ferdinand Graf Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau ( Chlumec nad Cidlinou ( Chlumetz ) , January 17 , 1713 – October 24 , 1760 ) and wife ( married in Vienna , September 6 , 1734 ) Maria Teresa Capece dei Marchesi di Rofrano ( June 3 , 1715 – November 12 , 1778 ) by whom he had a daughter , Marija Teresa ( baptized on November 28 , 1760 – Tours , November 2 , 1834 ) , married in 1778 Wincenty Graf Tyszkiewicz ( died 1816 ) , " referendarz wielki litewski " , and a son , Józef Antoni Poniatowski . He died in Vienna .
5th Guards Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 5th Guards Infantry Division ( " 5 . Garde - Infanterie - Division " ) was a division of the Royal Prussian Guards of the Imperial German Army . It was formed during World War I and dissolved with the demobilization of the German Army in 1919 . Formation and organization . The 5 . Garde - Infanterie - Division was formed on January 1 , 1917 and began organizing itself over the next two months . It received the headquarters of the 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade ( " 2 . Garde - Infanterie - Brigade " ) along with the 3rd Foot Guards ( " 3 . Garde - Regiment zu Fuß " ) from the 1 . Garde - Infanterie - Division , the 3rd Guards Grenadiers ( " Garde - Grenadier - Regiment Nr . 3 " ) from the 2nd Guards Infantry Division , and the 20th Infantry Regiment ( " Infanterie - Regiment Graf Tauentzien von Wittenberg ( 3 . Brandenburgisches ) Nr . 20 " ) from the 212th Infantry Division . For artillery , a field artillery brigade headquarters was formed , but converted in February 1917 to a Guards Artillery Commander ( " Garde - Artillerie - Kommandeur Nr . 5 " ) . The 4th Guards Field Artillery ( " Garde - Feldartillerie - Regiment Nr . 4 " ) was transferred to the division from the 2nd Guards Infantry Division . An engineer battalion , " Pionier - Bataillon Nr . 100 " , was formed by the " Garde - Pionier - Bataillon " . The 5th Guards Infantry Division ' s Order of Battle on June 5 , 1917 was as follows : Combat chronicle . The division entered the line on the Western Front along the Aisne River in March 1917 . In April and May , it participated in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also known as the Third Battle of Champagne . Afterwards , it returned to positional warfare along the Chemin des Dames . The division spent the rest of 1917 in positional warfare in the trenchlines and in various smaller battles until November 1917 , when it was embroiled in the tank battle in Cambrai . After the heavy fighting in late 1917 , the division was transferred to the army reserve and began training as an assault division . Beginning in March 1918 , it took a leading role in the German Spring Offensive , including the breakthrough at St . Quentin - La Fère , the fighting over the crossings of the Somme river and the Crozat canal , and the fighting aroung Montdidier and Noyon . After the failure of the Spring Offensive , the division returned to the trenchlines . In May – June 1918 , it fought in the battles of Soissons and Reims . Later in 1918 , it participated in various defensive battles , including those against the Allied Hundred Days Offensive around the Argonne Forest . Allied intelligence rated the division a first class division and one of the best in the German Army . Late - war organization . Given its late formation , the division underwent fewer structural changes than other divisions by late - war . The division ' s order of battle on April 27 , 1918 was as follows :
Damat Ferid Pasha Damat Ferid Pasha ( 1853 – October 6 , 1923 ) ( full name Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha Efendi ) was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of grand vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin , the first time between March 4 , 1919 and October 2 , 1919 and the second time between April 5 , 1920 and October 21 , 1920 . Officially , he has been brought to the office a total of five times , since his cabinets were recurrently dismissed under various pressures and he had to present new ones . He was born in 1853 in Istanbul , son of İzzet Efendić , a member of the Ottoman Council of State ( Şûrâ - yı Devlet ) and Governor of Beirut and Sidon in 1857 , who was born in the village of Potoci near Pljevlja , in today ' s Montenegro . In 1879 , Ferid was enrolled at the Schools of Islamic charities in Sidon . He served several positions in Ottoman administration before he entered the foreign office of the Ottoman Empire and was assigned to different posts at embassies in Paris , Berlin , St . Petersburg , and London . He married a daughter of Abdülmecid I , Mediha Sultan , which earned him the title of " Damat " ( " bridegroom " to the Ottoman dynasty ) . Like his father , he became a member of the Şûrâ - yı Devlet in 1884 and earned the title of vizier soon afterwards . Refused the post of ambassador in London by the sultan Abdülhamid II , he resigned from public service and returned only after two decades , in 1908 , as a member of the Senate of the Ottoman Parliament . On July 11 , 1919 , Damat Ferid Pasha officially confessed to massacres against Armenians and was a key figure and initiator of the war crime trials held directly after World War I to condemn to death the chief perpetrators of the genocide . His first office as grand vizier coincided with the Occupation of Smyrna by the Greek army and the ensuing tumultuous period . He was dismissed on September 30 , 1919 , but after two short - lived governments under Ali Rıza Pasha and Hulusi Salih Pasha , the sultan had to call him back to form a new government on April 5 , 1920 . He remained as grand vizier until October 17 , 1920 , forming two different cabinets in between . His second office coincided with the closure of the Ottoman Parliament under pressure from the British and French forces of occupation . Along with four other notables , he agreed to sign the Treaty of Sèvres , comprising disastrous conditions for Turkey , which caused an uproar of reaction towards him . He retorted by becoming increasingly hostile to the new nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha , which was centered in Ankara ; Damat Ferid Pasha began to increasingly collaborate with the Allied occupation forces . Even after his dismissal , and the formation of a new Ottoman government under Ahmet Tevfik Pasha , he remained widely disliked ( especially in Anatolia ) and with the Turkish victory in the Greco - Turkish War ( 1919 – 1922 ) , he fled to Europe . He died in Nice , France , on October 6 , 1923 and was buried in the city of Sidon , Lebanon .
William High Keim William High Keim ( June 13 , 1813 – May 18 , 1862 ) was a Republican member of the U . S . House of Representatives from Pennsylvania , as well as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Early life and career . William High Keim ( a nephew of George May Keim ) was born near Reading , Pennsylvania . He attended Mount Airy Military School and attained the rank of major general in the state militia . Keim served as Mayor of Reading in 1848 . Keim was elected as a Republican to the Thirty - fifth Congress to fill a short term vacancy caused by the resignation of J . Glancy Jones after Jones ' s defeat in the election of 1858 . He was surveyor general of Pennsylvania from 1860 to 1862 . Civil War . During the Civil War , Keim enlisted in the Union Army for a term of 3 months and , due primarily to his political ties to Governor Andrew Curtin , he was commissioned as a major general of Pennsylvania Volunteers on April 20 , 1861 . His original term of enlistment having expired , he was honorably mustered out on July 21 , 1861 , and returned to Reading . As the war lengthened and it became evident that a quick victory was not in sight , Keim decided to re - enlist , this time for a term of 3 years . Governor Curtin commissioned him as a brigadier general of volunteers on December 20 , 1861 . However , Keim died of typhus while in the military service at Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , in 1862 . Interment was in the Charles Evans Cemetery in Reading .