naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Armored spearhead An armored spearhead ( UK English : armoured spearhead ) is a formation of armored fighting vehicle s , mostly tank s , that form the front of an offensive thrust during a battle . The idea is to concentrate as much firepower into a small front as possible , so any defenders in front of them will be overwhelmed . As the spearhead moves forward , infantry units following in the gap behind them form up on either side of the line of advance in order to protect the flanks . The tactic is quite risky . A determined enemy can counterattack against the infantry on the flanks , thereby cutting off the spearhead from resupply and quickly bringing it to a halt . In order to avoid this the spearhead must move as fast as possible in order to keep the defense from re - organizing in this fashion . The first use of an armored spearhead was during the 1940 Battle of France , the German invasion of the Low Countries , against the British and French armies . Surprising them out of the Ardennes forest where the Allies believed no armored force could operate , the German spearhead quickly started running for the coast at Dunkirk . The French and British armies were split on either side of the German forces , and at one point attempted to cut the line with an armored attack on either side . The resulting Battle of Arras was very close to an Allied success , but a lack of radios or other communications made the attack slow . Only a few years later new tactics had been developed to effectively counter the armored spearhead . By attacking with small units just at the " corners " of the spearhead , a defender could maneuver the corner armored units to avoid combat instead of slowing down to engage . By repeating this maneuver a defender can narrow the front of the spearhead until it no longer commands enough width for the following infantry to effectively move . When the Germans tried the same tactic again in 1944 during the Battle of the Bulge , the US Army was able to very quickly " pick the corners " in this fashion and brought the spearhead to a halt in a few days . The tactics of German Blitzkrieg breakthrough was to spearhead the attack with massed Armour - sometimes a whole Panzer division of 240 tanks moving in " combat echelon " - but intimately supported by mechanized artillery and infantry formations . – < THE ESSENTIALS OF MILITARY KNOWLEDGE BY MAJOR GENERAL D . K . PALIT , VRC > < / ref >
Convair YB - 60 The Convair YB - 60 was an American experimental bomber prototype for the United States Air Force canceled on 14 August 1952 . Design and development . On 25 August 1950 , Convair issued a formal proposal for a swept - winged version of the B - 36 with all - jet propulsion . The United States Air Force was sufficiently interested that on 15 March 1951 , the USAF authorized Convair to convert two B - 36Fs ( 49 - 2676 and 49 - 2684 ) as B - 36Gs . Since the aircraft was so radically different from the existing B - 36 , the designation was soon changed to YB - 60 . The YB - 60 had 72 % parts commonality with its piston - engined predecessor . The fuselages of the two aircraft were largely identical , although the YB - 60 had a longer , pointed nose with a needle - like instrument probe instead of the B - 36 ' s rounded nose ; its tail surfaces were swept to match the wings and a wedge - shaped insert added at the wing root . The swept wings also used many B - 36 parts . The YB - 60 ' s unofficial competitor for an Air Force contract was Boeing ' s B - 52 Stratofortress . Convair ' s proposal was substantially cheaper than Boeing ' s since it involved modifying an existing design rather than starting from scratch . Like the B - 52 , it was powered by eight Pratt & Whitney J57 - P - 3 turbojets mounted in pairs in four pods suspended below the wing . Instead of the B - 36 ' s crew of 15 , the YB - 60 ' s crew numbered only ten . Production B - 60s were to have defensive armament similar to the B - 36 . Convair YB - 60 serial number " 49 - 2676 " made its maiden flight on 18 April 1952 , piloted by Beryl Erickson . The Boeing YB - 52 beat the Convair aircraft into the air by three days . The YB - 60 was approximately slower than the YB - 52 and also had severe handling problems . It carried a heavier bomb load — against for the YB - 52 — but the Air Force did not see the need for the extra capacity given the YB - 60 ' s other drawbacks . Later " big belly " modifications increased the B - 52 ' s bomb load to . The flight test program was canceled on 20 January 1953 with 66 flying hours accumulated , and a second prototype was never completed . The airframe was built , but it was not fitted with engines or much other equipment . Since Convair completed their prototype contract satisfactorily , both YB - 60s were formally accepted by the Air Force in 1954 . The operational aircraft never flew again , and both airframes were scrapped by July .
305th Rescue Squadron The 305th Rescue Squadron ( 305 RQS ) is part of the 943rd Rescue Group at Davis - Monthan Air Force Base , Arizona , a subordinate command of the 920th Rescue Wing at Patrick Air Force Base , Florida . The squadron is geographically separated and operates from Davis - Monthan AFB . It operates HH - 60 Pave Hawk aircraft conducting peacetime and combat search and rescue missions . History . The 305th trained for and performed search and rescue ( SAR ) operations primarily in the upper Midwestern United States from , 1958 - 1992 . It deployed personnel worldwide to support active duty forces , including to the Far East following the USS Pueblo incident , January 1968 - June 1969 , and to Naval Air Station Keflavík , Iceland , during and after the Gulf War . The squadron maintained helicopter air refueling capability from , 1972 - 1992 . It trained for combat search and rescue and performed SAR operations primarily in the Southwestern United States from , 1993 - . The 305th also provided support in counterdrug operations to U . S . civilian agencies from , 1994 - .
JADE JADE was the codename given by US codebreakers to a Japanese World War II cipher machine . The Imperial Japanese Navy used the machine for communications from late 1942 until 1944 . JADE was similar to another cipher machine , CORAL , with the main difference that JADE was used to encipher messages in katakana using an alphabet of 50 symbols .
Continental Artillery Regiment The Continental Artillery Regiment also known as Gridley ' s Continental Artillery Regiment or Knox ' s Continental Artillery Regiment was the only large American unit of artillery in the early part of the American Revolutionary War . It was authorized on 10 May 1775 as the Regiment of the Train of Artillery in the Massachusetts State Troops . In May and June , the regiment assembled at Cambridge , Massachusetts in the strength of 10 companies . Men from five counties were recruited . It became part of the Continental Army on 14 June 1775 as the Continental Artillery Regiment with Colonel Richard Gridley in command . A few days later at Bunker Hill , the American artillery was not handled well . The regiment was reorganized into 11 companies at the end of June . Colonel Henry Knox took over command from the elderly Gridley on 17 November 1775 . He immediately began the task of hauling the noble train of artillery from captured Fort Ticonderoga to Cambridge . This assignment was completed by the end of January . On 1 January 1776 the Rhode Island Train of Artillery merged with the Continental Artillery Regiment to form 12 companies altogether . There were two Rhode Island companies , those of Captains Ebenezer Stevens and Jotham Drury . The Fortification of Dorchester Heights in March 1776 , in which Knox ' s artillery regiment was a critical component , hastened the end of the Siege of Boston . Knox ' s regiment participated in the New York and New Jersey Campaign during the summer and fall of 1776 . The actions in which cannons were employed were the battles of Long Island , White Plains , and Fort Washington . Elements of the regiment also defended Lake Champlain . Knox ' s guns were crucial in winning the Battle of Trenton in late December 1776 . The regiment was disbanded on 1 January 1777 and replaced by four newly - raised artillery regiments .
Marine Corps Air Facility Newport Marine Corps Air Facility Newport is a former United States Marine Corps facility located five nautical miles ( 6 mile , 9 km ) northeast of the central business district of Newport , a city in Jackson County , Arkansas , United States . It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011 – 2015 , which categorized it as a " general aviation " airport . After it was closed , it was redeveloped into Newport Municipal Airport .
USS Raazoo ( SP - 508 ) USS " Raazoo " ( SP - 508 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Raazoo " was built as the private pleasure boat " Boomerang II " in 1916 by Robert Jacobs at City Island in the Bronx , New York . She later was renamed " Raazoo " . On 2 June 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Raazoo " under a free lease from her owner , Edward G . Burghard of New York City , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Raazoo " ( SP - 508 ) on 21 July 1917 with her owner , Chief Boatswain ' s Mate Edward G . Burghard , USNRF , in command . Assigned to Squadron 11 , Division 32 , of the United States Atlantic Fleet and attached to the 3rd Naval District , " Raazoo " operated initially as a dispatch boat in the New York Marine Basin . She later served as an experimental ship with Naval Air Station Rockaway and Naval Air Station Montauk Point . Decommissioned after World War I , " Raazoo " was returned to Burghard on 3 May 1919 .
Kronshtadt - class submarine chaser Project 122bis ( NATO codename Kronshtadt class ) submarine chasers were a Soviet design which were exported throughout the communist bloc in the 1950s . The first ship , BO - 270 , was built at Zelenodolsk in 1945 - 1947 and a total of 227 were built for Soviet Navy ( 175 ) and border guard until 1955 . As well as this , twenty Project 357 ( " Libau " class ) despatch vessels were built on the same hull , but were unarmed . Service history . The ships served in 1950s – 1960s on all Soviet fleets and flotillas in the Baltic Sea , Black Sea , Caspian Sea , Arctic Ocean and Pacific Ocean as part of Soviet coastal anti - submarine defences . Ships were also given to the Soviet Border Guard and were used actively as border patrol ships . Most of the Soviet sub - chasers were decommissioned between 1958 and 1970 , although some were in service until the 1990s as training stations . 13 of the decommissioned and disarmed ships were delivered to the DOSAAF Voluntary Society for using as training ships . Chinese service history . Two boats of this class , # 271 & # 274 participated in the Sino - South Vietnamese naval battle in the Paracel Islands on January 19 , 1974 , with # 274 heavily damaged . However , # 274 was able to make it back to the Yongxing Island for emergency repair after the battle , and returned to Hainan Islands the next day . Despite their obsolescence , these boats remained active well into the mid - 1990s . Although the ships are no longer capable venturing into open ocean , these units remain on the People ' s Liberation Army Navy ’ s list of its reserve fleet , actively used as weaponry training boats for naval militia in various military maritime districts in China . The second mission of this class is to take Chinese children enrolled in military / naval summer camps and junior military / naval academies for short cruises for patriotic education and public relations missions . However , due to the age of these units , they are increasingly being used in its secondary missions in recent years and according to domestic Chinese media sources , even in this limited capacity of the secondary mission , the cruises are only consisted of short tours within the harbors .
Frederick Robinson ( Royal Navy officer ) Vice Admiral Frederick Charles Bryan Robinson ( 3 April 1836 – 18 January 1896 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , East Indies Station . Naval career . Born the son of Admiral Hercules Robinson , Frederick Robinson became a lieutenant in 1855 . Promoted to Commander in 1863 , he served in that rank in HMS " Rinaldo " from 1868 to 1871 . He was appointed Commander - in - Chief , East Indies Station in 1891 . He later became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society . Family . In 1864 he married Willamina Bradley ; in 1889 he married for a second time , to Alice Tew .
Brinklow Castle Brinklow Castle known locally as , the Tump , is a medieval castle in the village of Brinklow in the county of Warwickshire between Coventry and Rugby . History . Brinklow seems to have first been used as a prehistoric barrow thus the old English of hlāw in the name Brinklow which was later modified by Earl Alberic , the first Norman lord of Brinklow , but he left his Earldom in Northumbria and thus lost his lands in England before the writing of the Domesday , however his land and title had not been reassigned by the time of the Domesday recording thus there is a good record of his land holdings . Brinklow is a motte and bailey castle of grand size : the motte is 12m high and its original bailey was 121m wide by 152m long , later it seems that Brinklow ’ s bailey was modified to enclose a smaller area by cutting a ditch and forming a rampart in the middle of the bailey : this seems to suggest that Brinklow slowly declined .
César Alexandre Debelle César Alexandre Debelle ( Voreppe , Isère , 27 November 1770 - 19 July 1826 ) was a French general . His name is inscribed on the north side of the Arc de Triomphe . His brother Jean - François Joseph Debelle was also a general .
151st New York Volunteer Infantry The 151st New York Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 151st New York Infantry was organized at Lockport , New York and mustered in for three years service on October 22 , 1862 under the command of Colonel William Emerson . The regiment was attached to the Defenses of Baltimore , Maryland , VIII Corps , Middle Department , to January 1863 . 3rd Separate Brigade , VIII Corps , to June 1863 . 3rd Provisional Brigade , French ' s Division , VIII Corps , to July 1863 . 1st Brigade , 3rd Division , III Corps , Army of the Potomac , to April 1864 . 1st Brigade , 3rd Division , VI Corps , Army of the Potomac and Army of the Shenandoah , to June 1865 . The 151st New York Infantry mustered out of service at Washington , D . C . on June 26 , 1865 . Detailed service . Left New York for Baltimore , Md . , October 23 , 1862 . Duty at Baltimore , until April 22 , 1863 , and in the Middle Department until June . At South Mountain , Md . , until July . Gettysburg Campaign . Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap , Va . , July 5 – 24 . Wapping Heights July 23 . Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan to October . Bristoe Campaign October 9 – 22 . McLean ' s Ford October 15 . Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7 – 8 . Kelly ' s Ford November 7 . Mine Run Campaign November 26 - December 2 . Payne ' s Farm November 27 . Mine Run November 28 – 30 . Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6 – 7 , 1864 . Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May 3 - June 15 . Battles of the Wilderness May 5 – 7 ; Spottsylvania May 8 – 12 ; Spottsylvania Court House May 12 – 21 . Assault on the Salient , " Bloody Angle , " May 12 . North Anna River May 23 – 26 . On line of the Pamunkey May 26 – 28 . Totopotomoy May 28 – 31 . Hanover Court House May 31 . Cold Harbor June 1 – 12 . Before Petersburg June 17 – 18 . Siege of Petersburg June 17 to July 6 . Jerusalem Plank Road , Weldon Railroad , June 22 – 23 . Moved to Baltimore , Md . , thence to Frederick , Md . , July 6 – 8 . Battle of Monocacy July 9 . Sheridan ' s Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7 - November 28 . Battle of Winchester September 19 . Fisher ' s Hill September 22 . Battle of Cedar Creek October 19 . Duty at Kernstown and Winchester until December . Moved to Washington , D . C . , thence to Petersburg , Va . , December 3 – 6 . Siege of Petersburg December 12 , 1864 to April 2 , 1865 . Fort Fisher , Petersburg , March 25 , 1865 . Appomattox Campaign March 28 - April 9 . Fall of Petersburg April 2 . Pursuit of Lee April 3 – 9 . Sayler ' s Creek April 6 . Appomattox Court House April 9 . Surrender of Lee and his army . March to Danville April 23 – 27 . Moved to Richmond , Va . , May 16 ; thence to Washington , D . C . , May 24 - June 2 . Corps Review June 8 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 206 men during service ; 5 officers and 101 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 1 officer and 99 enlisted men died of disease .
German destroyer Z26 Z26 was a built for the Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was shelled and sunk by and ( ) : in the Barents Sea . 240 crewmen killed . 96 survivors rescued by and . Trinidad was damaged by a circular run of one of her own torpedos .
HNoMS Horten ( A530 ) HNoMS " Horten " ( A530 ) was a Norwegian support vessel built at Karljohansvern in Horten , the city from which the ship was named , in 1977 . She was in service with the Royal Norwegian Navy until her retirement in 2008 and filled a number of roles while in service . History . " Horten " was originally designed as a support craft for submarines and fast attack craft . After a change in the design which shortened the vessel and gave her smaller torpedo stores than originally intended , this role was reduced . Rather than supplying smaller ships with ordnance , " Horten " functioned primarily as support craft with regards to food , fuel and water – in some cases , the on - board facilities were also placed at the disposal of crews from smaller ships . " Horten " was known as a spacious vessel – privates had four - man cabins , leading privates had two - man cabins and some petty officer s had single cabins . Commissioned officers had cabins of a high standard and the captain a large , separate cabin with top facilities . There were also guest quarters for high - ranking officers on the same deck as the captain ' s quarters . The officers also had a separate mess hall with a bar . During naval exercises ( e . g . " Joint Winter " and " Blue Game " ) in the early 2000s ( decade ) , the ship functioned as command vessel for NATO officers who were responsible for overseeing the exercise . At the time , the reason was partly said to be the ship ' s facilities . In 1985 , the ship served as royal yacht for king Olav V whilst the royal yacht HNoMY Norge was repaired after a fire in the winter that year . Part of the reason for this choice was the ship ' s excellent facilities ( see above ) . In the 1986 – 89 period , " Horten " was laid up . When returning to service in 1989 , she was turned into a school ship in the " School squadron " along with HNoMS " Hessa " and HNoMS " Vigra " . The facilities on board and the size of the vessel ensured that academy cadets could get experience with navigation and command in addition to normal schooling . The ship continued to function in this role intermittently throughout the 1990s and into the early 2000s ( decade ) , as well as serving as support vessel . During 2005 – 08 , " Horten " primarily functioned as living commodities and training centre for the crews of the new Nansen class frigates . The schematics of the ship resembled the new frigates and she was therefore seen as a good choice for the task . She had already served as training ship in 2001 , after the " Trondheim " was being repaired for a boiler failure . " Horten " was decommissioned in 2008 , after many years of discussion and postponement due to the lack of a suitable replacement . The sale of the ship turned out to be a lengthy and difficult process , as the Ministry of Defence wanted to sell her along with retired ( albeit still armed ) fast patrol boats . After several failed attempts to complete a sale , it was eventually reported in 2012 that the ships had been sold to an undisclosed buyer in England .
Nguyễn Bình Nguyễn Bình born Nguyễn Phương Thảo ( 1906 - 1951 ) was a Lieutenant - general in the Viet Minh . Despite exceptional success in leading raids and ambushes against the French during general Võ Nguyên Giáp ' s retreat of 1950 defeats at Vĩnh Yên , Mạo Khê , and the River Đáy , Bình was blamed for reverses . He was killed in an engagement with French forces .
Security Forces Headquarters – Wanni Security Forces Headquarters – Wanni ( SFHQ - W ) is a regional command of the Sri Lanka Army , that is responsible for the operational deployment and command all army units stationed in and around the southern part or the Wanni region of the Northern Province , this includes several division s and the independent brigade s . Currently due to ongoing combat operations it is the largest command in the country . It is one of the five Security Forces Headquarters and the General Officer Commanding it is one of the most senior officers in the army , the post is designated as Commander Security Forces Headquarters - Wanni . The current Commander SFHQ - W is Major General Kamal Gunaratne . The SFHQ - W is based at the defense complex at Vavuniya . Although it is primary a command of the Sri Lanka Army it coordinates operations and deployments of ground units of the Navy , Air Force and police with that of the army in that area . The Sri Lanka Navy units in the Northern Province come under the North Central Naval Area Command and Sri Lanka Air Force units come under its own Northern Zonal Command .
Sekiyado Castle History . Sekiyado is located at the confluence of the Tone River and the Edogawa River , and was thus a strategic location controlling river traffic in the northern Kantō region , as well as the northeastern approaches to Edo . A fortification was built on this location in the early Muromachi period by either Yadoya Mitsusuke ( 1395 - 1438 ) or Yadoya Shigesuke ( d . 1512 ) . It was destroyed during a campaign by the Late Hōjō clan of Odawara to conquer the Kantō region from 1565 - 1574 . After the Hōjō clan was destroyed in the Battle of Odawara , they were supplanted by Tokugawa Ieyasu , the castle was reconstructed by Matsudaira Yasumoto in 1590 . Under the Tokugawa Shogunate , the course of the Tone River was diverted in 1654 to prevent flooding in Edo . The new mouth of the Tone River was moved from Edo Bay to north of the Bōsō Peninsula , which greatly hindered river transportation . The " daimyō " of Sekiyado Domain , Itakura Shigetsune , took advantage of this situation to construct a canal joining the Tone River with the Edogawa River at Sekiyado , which greatly shortened the voyage and enhanced the revenues of his domain . When the castle was reconstructed in 1671 , the new " donjon " was constructed as a copy of the three - story Fujimi Yagura of Edo Castle . With the Meiji Restoration , the new Meiji government ordered the destruction of all former feudal fortifications . The outer buildings of the castle had already been lost in a fire in 1870 , and the remaining structures were abandoned in compliance with this directive in 1872 , and pulled down by 1875 . The current " donjon " was reconstructed in 1995 to boost local tourism and to function as an annex to the local Sekiyado Castle Museum . However , the reconstructed buildings are not on the original foundations , nor are the buildings historically accurate , as they have been modeled on “ typical ” examples from other castles .