naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of San Juan ( 1797 ) The Battle of San Juan was a 1797 British attack on the Spanish colonial port city of San Juan in Puerto Rico . The attack was carried out facing the historic town of Miramar . On 17 April 1797 , Lieutenant - General Sir Ralph Abercromby invaded the island of Puerto Rico with a force of 6 , 000 - 13 , 000 men , which included German soldiers and Royal Marines and a 60 to 64 ship armada . The Spanish spotted an enemy convoy off the coastline on the morning of April 17 . Upon this sighting , the Governor , Brigadier General Ramón de Castro , summoned his military Chiefs to immediately put a defense plan into action . Along strategic points throughout the coastline , garrison troops were placed into position . While attempting to maneuver ships into the inlet , the British fleet encountered a problem . There was an underwater reef that was very narrow so that only frigates and smaller transport ships could enter . The British placed two frigates at the opening of the port to deny entrance to other ships . On April 18 , anchored British ships began bombarding points where the Spanish had taken defensive positions to protect the beach . After some minor battles , the British sent a ship flying diplomatic colors to the entrance of the port and was met by an aide - de - camp who was given a message for the Commanding Officer of the city . In the message , they demanded the immediate surrender of Spanish forces . The British ship did not wait for a response , and in some confusion later in the night , a Spanish ship carrying a reply message came under fire . Controlling the port became a chess match as the Spanish fleet mimicked every move by the British armada . The British were able to land many small groups of soldiers along the beach , some of which were German soldiers who were fighting alongside the British . During the day on April 19 , two German soldiers were captured . One of the soldiers had in his possession a hand - written paper containing a name of a city resident . The Spanish , fearing a traitor in their ranks , had this man arrested . The order was given on Friday , April 21 by the Spanish to destroy San Antonio bridge to eliminate an opportunity of the British forces to take cover and advance their position . Saturday April 22 , the Spanish began taking up defensive positions after noticing large regiments of British flying their colors just out of range of the Spanish cannons . Trenches were dug and spiked boards were emplaced to slow the impending attack . On Monday , April 24 , Militia Sergeant Francisco Diaz was chosen to lead a party of 70 men to attack a British position . They met approximately 300 British soldiers who they were able to force to retreat despite their superior number . The raiding party found a cannon battery and captured fourteen prisoners . The British then staged a counterattack and the Spanish raiding party was forced to flee . Fierce fighting continued for the next five days . Both sides suffered heavy loses . On Sunday , April 30 British ceased their attack and began their retreat from San Juan .
Wilhelm Braun Wilhelm Braun ( 6 February 1902 – 22 January 1943 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Wilhelm Braun died on 22 January 1943 at Stalingrad and was posthumously promoted to Oberstleutnant . External links .
Falconara Airport Falconara Airport is a joint - use civil airport and Italian Air Force ( " Aeronautica Militare " ) facility in Italy , located approximately 3 km west of Falconara Marittima in province of Ancona , about 200 km north - northeast of Rome . The airport is used for general aviation , with no commercial airline service . Along with the Italian Air Force , It is also the headquarters of the Italian Army ' s 84th Infantry Battalion . World War II . During World War II , Falconara Airfield was a military airfield used by the United States Army Air Forces Twelfth Air Force for B - 25 Mitchell combat operations by the 321st Bombardment Group between 1 Apr and 1 Sep 1945 . After the war ended , the airfield was turned over to local authorities .
USS Stiletto ( 1885 ) USS Stiletto , a wooden torpedo boat , was launched in 1885 at the Herreshoff Manufacturing Co . , Bristol , Rhode Island , as a private speculation . She was purchased for the United States Navy under an Act of Congress dated 3 March 1887 , and entered service in July 1887 , attached to the Torpedo Station , Naval Station Newport . " Stiletto " was the Navy ' s first torpedo boat capable of launching self - propelled torpedo s . Purchased for experimental evaluation , " Stiletto " was based throughout her career at Newport and often captained by Andrew Wright . During 1897 , she was modified to burn fuel oil , but results of sea trials held subsequently were disappointing , and the experiment was not repeated . " Stiletto " was struck from the Navy list on 27 January 1911 and sold on 18 July 1911 at Newport to James F . Nolan of East Boston , Massachusetts for scrapping .
USS Dixie III ( SP - 701 ) USS " Dixie III " ( SP - 701 ) , later USS " SP - 701 " , was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Dixie III " was built in 1911 as a civilian motorboat of the same name by Bowes and Mower at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The State of Maine operated her as a pleasure craft until early May 1917 , when the U . S . Navy acquired her for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Dixie III " ( SP - 701 ) in early May 1917 . Probably assigned to the 1st Naval District in northern New England , " Dixie III " served on patrol duty for the rest of World War I . In April 1918 she was renamed USS " SP - 701 " . " SP - 701 " was returned to the State of Maine in May 1919 .
Fokker A . I The Fokker A . I ( Fokker designation M . 8 ) was a two - seat observation aircraft of the 1910s , powered by a 75 kW ( 100 hp ) Oberursel engine . The aircraft resembled the Fokker E . I . The A . IIs were A . Is license - built by Halberstadt . The origins of the A . I , A . II and A . III were in a Morane - Saulnier Type H purchased from France . This led to the Fokker M . 5 designed by Kreutzer . Fokker gave many aerobatic demonstrations in the M . 5 on the eve of World War I . The M . 8 , was ordered as the A . I by the " Luftstreitkräfte " ( German Air Service ) and Fokker produced between 30 and 40 of them .
William Valk William Weightman Valk ( December 12 , 1806 in Charleston , South Carolina – September 20 , 1879 in Washington , D . C . ) was a soldier in the American Civil War and a U . S . Congressman . In 1830 , Valk earned a degree in medicine , graduating from the University of South Carolina at Columbia in 1830 . He opened a practice in Connecticut . He joined the Navy during the Mexican - American War and became chief surgeon on the USS " Constellation " . Valk joined the California Gold Rush in 1849 and , upon failure , opened a practice on Long Island . From March 4 , 1855 to March 3 , 1857 , Valk served in New York ' s 1st District in the United States House of Representatives . Finally settled in Flushing , New York , and continued the practice of medicine until elected to Congress . He was elected as a candidate serving in New York ' s 1st District , as a member of the American Party to the Thirty - fourth Congress ( March 4 , 1855 – March 3 , 1857 ) . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection . Upon the breakout of Civil War , he volunteered as chief surgeon of the 2nd Maryland ( USA ) Volunteer Infantry of the Union Army . He later became a pension office clerk in Washington , D . C . . He was interred in Flushing Cemetery .
Pine Robbers Pine Robbers were British sympathizers or Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War who used the Pine Barrens of New Jersey to wreak havoc in the area . While the Tories who had received their land from the King were amiable neighbors during the day and enemies of the Patriots by night , the Pine Robbers were disgruntled British sailors who had jumped ship . They banded together with local outlaws to burn and pillage throughout the area .
INS Ambuda INS " Ambuda " is a self - propelled water carrier barge built by Vipul shipyard Ltd ( a subsidiary of ABG Shipyard Ltd ) in Surat , Gujarat for the Indian Navy . Description . The auxiliary ship is 50 metres ( 164 ft 1 in ) long , weighs 930 tonnes and has a capacity to carry 500 tonnes of water . The barge is powered by two caterpillar engines with a total output of 1 , 800 BHP and has a top speed of 12 knots ( 22 km / h ; 14 mph ) . " Ambuda " has accommodation for 20 crew members and a galley or corridor kitchen facility . It has tank gauging systems , fire fighting equipment and carries a rigid inflatable boat . It has sea - going capability and carries all essential communication and navigation equipment . INS Ambuda ( IR no . 35823 ) is one of the five water barges built by Vipul Shipyard as per the contract concluded on February 2006 . It was commissioned on 11 October 2010 by Commodore Ajay Kumar Sinha , Chief Staff Officer ( Technical ) , Southern Naval Command at South Jetty , Naval Base . It is named after a previous auxiliary vessel , i . e . INS Ambuda ( GRSE ) which served the Indian Navy for more than four decades and was decommissioned on February 2007 . INS Pamba ( IR no . 38186 ) and INS Pulakesin - 1 ( IR no . 40373 ) are her sister ships which were commissioned on 29 March 2011 and 21 September 2011 respectively .
Siemens - Schuckert D . III The Siemens - Schuckert D . III was a German single - seat fighter built by Siemens - Schuckert Werke . The D . III was a development of the earlier Siemens - Schuckert D . IIc prototype . The D . III was an equal - span sesquiplane powered by a 160 hp ( 119 kW ) Siemens - Halske Sh . III bi - rotary engine . " Idflieg " placed an order for 20 aircraft in December 1917 , followed by a second order of 30 aircraft in February 1918 . Operational history . Approximately 41 D . IIIs were delivered to frontline units between April and May 1918 . Most aircraft were supplied to " Jagdgeschwader " II , whose pilots were enthusiastic about the new aircraft ' s handling and rate of climb . After only seven to 10 hours of service , however , the Sh . III engines started showing serious problems with overheating and piston seizure . The problem was later traced to the " Voltol " mineral oil that was used to replace the now - scarce castor oil . Furthermore , the close - fitting engine cowling provided inadequate cooling to the engine . In late May 1918 , " Jagdgeschwader " II replaced its D . IIIs with the older Fokker Dr . I . The remaining D . III aircraft were returned to the Siemens - Schuckert factory , where they were retrofitted with new Sh . IIIa engines , an enlarged rudder , and cutaway cowlings that provided improved airflow . A further 30 new production D . IIIs incorporated these modifications . Total production amounted to 80 aircraft . In July 1918 , the D . III returned to active service as an interceptor with home defense squadrons . By this time , the D . III had been replaced in production by the Siemens - Schuckert D . IV .
SF - 88 SF - 88 is a former Nike Missile launch site at Fort Barry , in the Marin Headlands to the north of San Francisco , California , U . S . Opened in 1954 , the site was intended to protect the population and military installations of the San Francisco Bay Area during the Cold War , specifically from attack by Soviet bomber aircraft . The site was originally armed with Nike Ajax missiles , and modifications were made to the site in 1958 to allow it to also be armed with Nike Hercules missiles . In 1974 , SF - 88 was closed , but was not demolished . It is now part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to visitors . Normal visiting days are Thursday - Saturday . A special tour with Nike veterans occurs on the first Saturday of each month . Restoration work to the site is done on remaining Saturdays by volunteers .
Defense Distinguished Service Medal The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a United States military award which is presented for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to National security or defense of the United States . The medal was created on July 9 , 1970 by President Richard Nixon in . Criteria . It is the United States ' s highest non - combat related military award and it is the highest joint service decoration . The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is awarded only while assigned to a joint activity . Normally , such responsibilities deserving of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal are held by the most senior officers such as the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the Chiefs and Vice Chiefs of the Services , and Commanders and Deputy Commanders of the Combatant Command s , the Director of the Joint Staff etc . , whose duties bring them frequently into direct contact with the Secretary of Defense , the Deputy Secretary of Defense , and other senior government officials . In addition , the medal may also be awarded to other service members whose direct and individual contributions to National security or National defense are recognized as being so exceptional in scope and value as to be equivalent to contributions normally associated with positions encompassing broader responsibilities . This decoration takes precedence over the Distinguished Service Medals of the separate services and is not to be awarded to any individual for a period of service for which an Army , Navy , Air Force or Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal is awarded . Appearance . The medal is gold in color and on the obverse it features a medium blue enameled pentagon ( point up ) . Superimposed on this is an American bald eagle with wings outspread facing left grasping three crossed arrows in its talons and on its breast is a shield of the United States . The pentagon and eagle are enclosed within a gold pieced circle consisting , in the upper half of 13 five - pointed stars and in the lower half , a wreath of laurel on the left and olive on the right . At the top is a suspender of five graduated gold rays . The reverse of the medal has the inscription " " For Distinguished Service " " at the top in raised letters , and within the pentagon the inscription " " From The Secretary of Defense To , " " all in raised letters . Additional awards of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal are denoted by oak leaf clusters .
Curtiss B - 2 Condor The Curtiss B - 2 Condor was a 1920s United States bomber aircraft . It was a descendant of the Martin NBS - 1 , which was built by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company for the Glenn L . Martin Company . There were a few differences , such as stronger materials and different engines , but they were relatively minor . Development . The B - 2 was a large fabric - covered biplane aircraft . Its two engines sat in nacelles between the wings , flanking the fuselage . It had a twin set of rudders on a twin tail , a configuration which was becoming obsolete by that time . At the rear of each nacelle was a gunner position . In previous planes , the back - facing gunners had been in the fuselage , but their view there was obstructed . A similar arrangement ( using nacelle - mounted gun platforms ) was adopted in the competing Keystone XB - 1 aircraft . The XB - 2 competed for a United States Army Air Corps production contract with the similar Keystone XB - 1 , Sikorsky S - 37 , and Fokker XLB - 2 . The other three were immediately ruled out , but the Army board appointed to make the contracts were strongly supportive of the smaller Keystone XLB - 6 , which cost a third as much as the B - 2 . Furthermore , the B - 2 was large for the time and difficult to fit into existing hangars . However , the superior performance of the XB - 2 soon wrought a policy change , and in 1928 a production run of 12 was ordered . One modified B - 2 , dubbed the B - 2A , featured dual controls for both the pilot and the copilot . Previously , the control wheel and the pitch controls could only be handled by one person at a time . This " dual control " setup became standard on all bombers by the 1930s . There was no production line for the B - 2A . The B - 2 design was also used as a transport . The B - 2 was quickly made obsolete by technological advances of the 1930s , and served only briefly with the Army Air Corps , being removed from service by 1934 . Following production of the B - 2 , Curtiss Aircraft left the bomber business , and concentrated on the " Hawk " series of pursuit aircraft in the 1930s .
Siege of Niezijl The Siege of Niezijl was a siege of the town of Niezijl that took place between 3 and 24 October 1581 in the Dutch States , during the Eighty Years ' War and the Anglo - Spanish War ( 1585 – 1604 ) . The Spanish under Colonel Francisco Verdugo laid siege to the place after his victory at the battle of Noordhorn but the siege failed and Verdrugo retreated leaving the English and Dutch under John Norreys and William Louis respectively the victors . Count Renenberg , Stadtholder of Friesland had betrayed the cities of Groningen , Oldenzaal , Coevorden and Delfzijl to Spanish control and himself became a turncoat . As a result Catholics would no longer be trusted with high posts in the States army . The Spanish Army of Flanders led by Francisco Verdugo , was succeeded as governor of the Northern Provinces , advanced south of the Lauwerszee to invade Friesland and to force the Republic into signing a negotiation . After their defeat Noordhorn on the 30th September the Dutch and English retreated to Niezijl where they established themselves behind the defensive fortifications . Verdugo ' s army although delayed by mutinies were in pursuit and then began to besiege Niezijl . Niezijl was the only place barring Friesland and it ' s capture would be important to the Catholic and Spanish cause . The Dutch and English resistance was much tougher than expected repelling assaults and withstanding a heavy bombardment . After three weeks Verdugo who was also dealing with mutinies in his ranks decided to give up the siege . The autumnal floods made the Frisian land impassable for the armies , and thus Verdugo moved with his troops to the dry land of Drenthe , while Norreys kept the remains of his army behind the Ijssel river . Niezijl remained the only place in the Ommelanden that the Dutch kept , thus giving the States forces with a base to use . As a consequence from 1589 William Louis and Maurice of Nassau began a laborious reconquest of the Spanish territories which only ended with the capture of Groningen on July 22 , 1594 .
Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes ( , , ) was an administrative unit of the vassal Ottoman Principality of Transylvania in the 16th century . It was located in the south - eastern part of the region of Banat . History . The Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes was formed gradually between 1526 – 1536 , after the battle of Mohács , when the Banat of Severin was divided . Its eastern side , from Orsova , came under the jurisdiction of the Wallachian ruler . In the western part , it was formed this new political and military border entity . In 1658 , the new prince of Transylvania , Ákos ( Acațiu ) Barcsay , ceded the region to the Ottoman Empire . Cities . Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes included the following cities :
German submarine U - 390 German submarine " U - 390 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She carried out three patrols before being sunk by British warships in July 1944 in the English Channel . She was a member of four wolfpack s . She sank one auxilary warship of 545 GRT and damaged a merchant ship of 7 , 934 GRT . Service history . The submarine was laid down on 6 December 1941 at the " Howaldtswerke " yard at Kiel as ' werk ' 21 , launched on 23 January 1943 and commissioned on 13 March under the command of " Oberleutnant " Heinz Geissler . 1st patrol . The boat ' s first patrol was divided into two parts ; the first part was brief . It started in Kiel and terminated in Bergen . Part two began in Bergen on 7 December 1942 and took in the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . The submarine then docked at St . Nazaire in occupied France on 13 February 1944 . 2nd patrol . " U - 390 " s second foray was relatively uneventful ; starting from St . Nazaire but finishing further north , at Brest . 3rd patrol and loss . The U - boat ' s third and final sortie began three weeks after the Normandy landings . She attacked and sank the British anti - submarine trawler HMS " Ganilly " . She also damaged the " Sea Porpoise " about off Utah beach ; both on 5 July 1944 . On the same day , she was sunk by depth charge s dropped by two other British ships : the destroyer HMS " Wanderer " and the frigate HMS " Tavy " . Forty - eight men died in " U - 390 " ; there was one survivor .
Battle of Okhmativ ( 1655 ) Battle of Okhmativ or battle of Ochmatów ( , , ) took place around 19 – 22 January 1655 ( January 29 - February 1 , N . S ) during the Russo - Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ) between the armies of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth and Crimean Khanate on the one hand and of Russian Tsardom and Cossaks on the other . Russian - Cossack army led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Vasily Sheremetev went to the relief of besieged by the Polish - Lithuanian army Uman . When commander of the Polish army Stanisław Potocki and Stanisław Lanckoroński learned about the march of the Russians and Cossacks , discontinued siege and together with an army of Crimean Khanate went out to meet them . Part of Polish troops led by Szemberg was to guard trapped in Okhmativ , numbering 2000 soldiers , Puszkarenko group . While the main force moved on January 29 in the north . The entire Polish - Tatar army marched in expanded battle array . Russian - Cossack army went in laager formation . On the first day of the battle Polish and Tatar cavalry clashed with Russian and Cossack cavalry . Cavalry battle was won by Polish - Tatar side , so that standing in laager Russian - Cossack troops have lost their flank cover . Russian - Cossack army was besieged . Polish infantry , cavalry and artillery interacting with each other led to the breach in the laager Russian - Cossack army . Khmelnytsky desperate counterattack saved the Russians and Cossacks from disaster . Under the cover of artillery fire from the four survivors guns ( the rest of the guns , Poles took during the assault ) Khmelnytsky moved laager in the direction of hills . In the days January 30 and January 31 Russians and Cossacks conducted two attacks which , however , were repulsed . On the morning of February 1 Khmelnytsky managed to break through to Okhmativ and save Puszkarenko . After this success , retreated to Buky . Deprived of support from the Tatars , Poles were unable to stop marching Russian - Cossack laager . Ultimately , the battle was won by Polish - Tatar side , however Cossacks and Russians managed to get out of the trap . Through action in this battle the Poles managed to stop a major offensive Cossacks - Muscovite and forced them to retreat to the east . Russian - Cossack troops suffered heavy losses about 9 , 000 killed . Losses of Polish - Tatar army was smaller . After the battle Potocki of infantry and artillery retreated to Lviv . And the cavalry under the command of Stefan Czarniecki moved with the Tatars in Ukraine for the purpose of pacification .