naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
David Reginald Younger David Reginald Younger VC ( 17 March 1871 – 11 July 1900 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Younger was 29 years old , and a captain in the 1st Battalion , The Gordon Highlanders , British Army during the Second Boer War when the deed described below took place near Krugersdorp for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross ( posthumously ) after he died of injuries received during the Battle of Dwarsvlei on 11 July 1900 : The Gordon Highlanders under Major - General Smith - Dorrien were orderd to march from Krugersdorp towards Hekpoot . About 15 km from Krugersdorp they were encountered by a commando under Vecht - Generaal Oosthuizen who opened fire from mountain ridges above the road . The battle was fierce and it was only after dark that the British managed to extricate their guns , wagons and wounded and limped back to Krugersdorp . The engagement was described by Major - General Smith - Dorrien as their ' most trying fight of the whole war ' . His citation in the London Gazette reads : See also . William Eagleson Gordon was awarded the VC for actions during the same engagement . John Frederick MacKay who was awarded a VC for actions at Crows Nest Hill on 29 May 1900 , was the man who " had dashed out from the safety of the right kopje , hoisted Captain Younger on his back , and carried him behind the left kopje under the concentrated fire of several hundred rifles . " Hugh Montague Trenchard was awarded the VC for actions during an engagement at the same location on 9 October 1900 In the Krugersdorp Cemetery , Captain Younger ' s headstone stands thirty paces away from the memorial stone to vecht - generaal Sarel Oosthuizen and his younger brother , korporaal Isak Johannes Oosthuizen ( who died on 20 April 1902 , a few days before the end of the war ) . The battle of Dwarsvlei has also been referred to as Leeuhoek , Doornboschfontein and Onrus , all being names of farms in the area that the action took place on that day .
Okhtyrka ( air base ) Okhtyrka is an aviation training air base in Ukraine located 8 km east of Okhtyrka city in Sumy Oblast . It is a well - maintained , small military facility . It has been home to 809 UAP ( 809th Aviation Training Regiment ) flying 102 L - 39C aircraft as of 1992 .
Saint - Leu Airfield Saint - Leu Airfield was a military airfield in Algeria , near the city of Bettioua , about 45 km northeast of Oran . During World War II it was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 319th Bombardment Group during the North African Campaign against the German Afrika Korps . The 319th flew B - 26 Marauder medium bombers from the airfield between 11 and 18 November 1942 .
467th Bombardment Squadron The 467th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 333d Bombardment Group , stationed at Dalhart Army Air Field , Texas . It was inactivated on 1 April 1944 . History . Established as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bomb group in July 1942 . Assigned to Second Air Force as an operational training unit , providing replacement crew training for pilots and aircraws . Inactivated in 1944 with the phaseout of B - 24 crew training .
Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi commonly known as just Haji Ahmadi is an Iranian Kurdish militant leader . He leads a group called the Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan ( PJAK ) , an armed group fights against the Iranian government for the creation of an autonomous Kurdish region inside Iran . He lives in Cologne , Germany , from where he leads the organisation . Germany has rejected the request of his extradition to Iran because he is a German citizen . His group , PJAK is recognised as a terrorist organisation in United States , Iran , and Turkey . In summer 2007 , he visited Washington , although according to the United States government he did not meet with any officials .
Angelo Iachino Angelo Iachino ( or " Jachino " ; April 4 , 1889 - December 3 , 1976 ) was an Italian admiral during World War II . Early life and career . Born at Sanremo , Liguria , Iachino entered the Italian Naval Academy at Livorno in 1904 , and graduated in 1907 . During World War I he served as commander of a torpedo boat . For his bravery in a combat action he received a decoration at war ' s end in November 1918 . From 1923 to 1928 he served in China as naval attache to the Italian embassy . In 1928 he assumed command of a destroyer , and then a cruiser in the early 1930s . During the Spanish Civil War he was the commander of two groups of light ships . He also participated in the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939 . World War II . Iachino commanded a cruiser squadron in the Battle of Cape Spartivento in 1940 , and after the Battle of Taranto became an Ammiraglio di Squadra ( Vice Admiral ) and commander - in - chief of the Regia Marina . He led the navy in the battles of Cape Matapan ( March 1941 ) , First Sirte ( December 1941 ) and Second Sirte ( March 1942 ) . On 5 April 1943 he was relieved of command and replaced by Carlo Bergamini . He retired in 1954 with the rank of Ammiraglio d ' Armata ( Admiral ) , and died in Rome in 1976 , at the age of 87 .
Max Lemke Max Lemke ( 7 April 1895 – 29 May 1985 ) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
SS Ceramic ( 1913 ) SS " Ceramic " was an 18 , 400 - ton ocean liner of the White Star Line launched in 1912 , and later sold to the Shaw , Savill & Albion Line . In 1942 sunk the " Ceramic " , leaving only one survivor from the 656 on board . Ship history . " Ceramic " was built at the Harland and Wolff yard in Belfast . She had seven decks and eight holds and in her original configuration 38 % of her cargo capacity was refrigerated . Her total cost was £436 , 000 and she entered service on 24th July 1913 . She sailed the Liverpool to Australia route after her maiden voyage , then served as a British troopship during World War I , surviving two encounters with enemy submarines . After the war , she returned to her regular run . In 1934 , White Star merged with Cunard , and " Ceramic " was then sold to Shaw , Savill and Albion , but kept the same itinerary . In 1936 , " Ceramic " was given a major reconstruction in Govan , which improved her speed by one knot . At the outset of World War II , " Ceramic " again carried troops , but soon returned to civilian service . On the night of 6 December 1942 she was in the Atlantic Ocean west of the Azores , bound for Australia , when she was hit by three torpedo es fired from U - 515 . " Ceramic " was crippled but still afloat , and about eight lifeboats were launched , all full . About three hours later , U - 515 fired two more torpedoes , which broke the ship ' s back and sank her immediately at position . Sea conditions had become very stormy , and lifeboats began to capsize , leaving the people to struggle in the water . Despite the storm ( which was severe enough to be a hazard to the U - boat ) the commander Werner Henke had been ordered to return to the location of the sinking to look for the captain , in the hopes of finding out the " Ceramic ' s " destination . However , he only stayed long enough to pull in one person , Sapper Eric Munday of the , and took him aboard the submarine . ( Sapper Munday was eventually sent to Stalag VIII - B in Upper Silesia and remained there until he was liberated . ) When Henke returned to the site of " Ceramic ' s " sinking , the occupants of one of the eight fully loaded lifeboats waved to him . He felt taunted by this , so he took Munday aboard , and left the rest to perish . Henke was later captured and accused of machine - gunning survivors in the water , but it is likely that the survivors simply drowned in the rough seas .
12th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 Month ) The 12th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 months ) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army between May 2 , 1861 – August 1 , 1861 , during the American Civil War . Service . The infantry regiment was organized at Springfield , Illinois and mustered in on May 2 , 1861 for a three - month service . The regiment was transferred to Cairo , Illinois , for garrison duty until August , 1861 . By the time the regiment was mustered out on August 1 , 1861 , they had lost four to disease .
1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery , Battery " A " Battery A , 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was also known as Company A , 1st Middle Tennessee Battery . Service . The battalion was organized in Memphis , Nashville , and Knoxville , Tennessee from June 13 , 1863 through October 16 , 1863 under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert Clay Crawford . Battery A was enrolled at Memphis in June 1863 and mustered in at Nashville for three years service on October 10 , 1862 under the command of Captain Ephraim C . Abbott . Battery A was attached to Post of Nashville , Department of the Ohio , August to December 1862 . Post of Clarksville , Tennessee , District of Western Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to April 1863 . Post of Clarksville , Tennessee , District of Central Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to June 1863 . 1st Brigade , 1st Division , XXIII Corps , Army of the Ohio , June 1863 . 1st Brigade , 3rd Division , Reserve Corps , Department of the Cumberland , to August 1863 . 3rd Brigade , 3rd Division , Reserve Corps , August 1863 . 3rd Brigade , 4th Division , XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio , to November 1863 . 2nd Division , Artillery Reserve , Army of the Cumberland , to March 1864 . Garrison duty Decatur , Alabama , District Northern Alabama , Department of the Cumberland , to April 1864 . Artillery , 4th Division , Cavalry Corps , Department of the Cumberland , to October 1864 . Artillery , 6th Division , Cavalry Corps , Military Division Mississippi , to March 1865 . District of Middle Tennessee to July 1865 . Battery A , 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery mustered out of service at Nashville , Tennessee on August 3 , 1865 . Detailed service . Duty at Nashville and Clarksville , Tenn . , until August 1863 . Siege of Nashville September 7 - November 7 , 1862 . Operations against Scott ' s Forces in western Kentucky July 25 - August 6 , 1863 . Near Winchester July 29 . Irvine July 30 . Lancaster , Stanford , and Paint Lick Bridge July 30 . Smith ' s Shoals , Cumberland River , August 1 . Ordered to Murfreesboro , Tenn . , August ; then to McMinnville September 5 , and march to Chattanooga September 12 – 22 . Garrison artillery at Chattanooga until March 1864 . Reopening Tennessee River October 26 – 29 , 1863 . Battles of Chattanooga November 23 – 25 . Garrison artillery at Decatur , Ala . , March 1864 to January 1865 . Skirmishes at Athens , Ala . , October 1 – 2 , 1864 . Siege of Decatur October 26 – 29 . Ordered to Pulaski , Tenn . , January 16 , 1865 . Duty at Pulaski and in middle Tennessee on line of railroad until July .
Ovče Pole Offensive The Ovche Pole Offensive Operation ( ) was an operation of the Bulgarian Army that occurred between 14 October 1915 and 15 November 1915 as part of the Serbian Campaign in World War I . Its aim was to seize the valley of the river Vardar and to cut the vital railway linking Skopje with Thesaloniki to prevent the Serbian Army from being resupplied and reinforced by the Allied Expeditionary Force . The Bulgarian forces consisted of the Second Army ( 3rd Balkan Infantry Division , 7th Rila Division and the Cavalry Division with 182 guns ) under the command of Lieutenant General Georgi Todorov . The main blow was at Kumanovo where the Bulgarian 3rd and 7th divisions easily defeated the Serbian army . On the third day the Bulgarian Cavalry Division also advanced , defeating the Serbian counter - attack and reaching Veles and the Vardar . With this success the aim was achieved . While fighting against the Serbs , the Bulgarians defeated two French divisions in the Battle of Krivolak and conclusively cut the way between the Serbs and the Allies , resulting in the fall of Serbia after the Kosovo Offensive Operation in 1915 .
French corvette Aventurier ( 1793 ) Aventurier ( or " Avanturier " ) , was a 16 - gun brig of the French Navy . She was launched in 1793 and was captured in 1798 . The Royal Navy named her HMS " Aventurier " and disposed of her in 1802 . French service . " Aventurier " was built as a privateer to a design by Jean - Louis Pestel , but the French navy requisitioned her while she was still in the stocks . She was fitted out at Havre in October – November 1793 , though there were problems with respect to arming her fully . She then patrolled between Havre and Dieppe under Lieutenant Harang . Between February and June 1795 she escorted convoys between Cherbourg and Brest . On 10 June 1796 , she grounded off Pontusval , near Brignogan . Refloated , she cruised near the Île de Batz under Lieutenant Hurtel . From January 1797 she cruised out of Saint Malo . Capture . On 4 August 1798 she was under the command of Lieutenant René - Guillaume Raffi ( or Raffy ) and anchored in the port of Corréjou or Corigiou . Here the boats of and cut her out . British casualties were one man killed , one missing and four wounded . The French casualties were 16 wounded , several mortally . The attack took place at night and in bad weather . To get " Aventurier " out of the port took two hours because of the weather conditions and took place under fire from the forts that protected the port . All - in - all , the operation was a daring and arduous one . The subsequent court martial of Lieutenant Raffi , who had been wounded at the start of the attack on his vessel , acquitted him for the loss . She was brought into British service as HMS " Aventurier " . She appears to have had an unremarkable career , appearing only once in the " Naval Chronicle " , when she was reported to have arrived at Plymouth on 27 April 1800 , having escorted a convoy . Nor does she appear in the " London Gazette " . Fate . She was deleted from the list of vessels of the Royal Navy in 1802 .
Broadside A broadside is the side of a ship ; the battery of cannon on one side of a warship ; or their simultaneous ( or near simultaneous ) fire in naval warfare . Age of Sail . In the Age of Sail ( and in the early years of steam ) ships had long rows of guns set in each side of the hull which could only fire to the one side : firing all guns on one side of the ship was known as a " broadside " ; firing all guns on both sides was a double broadside . The cannons of 18th century men of war were accurate only at short range , and their penetrating power mediocre , entailing that the thick hulls of wooden ships could only be pierced at short ranges . These wooden ships sailed closer and closer towards each other until cannon fire would be effective . Each tried to be the first to fire a broadside , often giving one party a decisive headstart in the battle when it crippled the other ship . As a measurement . Additionally , the term broadside is a measurement of a vessel ' s maximum simultaneous firepower which can be delivered upon a single target , because this concentration is usually obtained by firing a broadside . This is calculated by multiplying the shell weight of the ship ' s main armament shells times the number of barrels that can be brought to bear . If some turrets are incapable of firing to either side of the vessel , only the maximum number of barrels which can fire to one side or the other are counted . For example , the American " Iowa " - class battleship s carried a main armament of nine main guns in turrets which could all be trained to a single broadside . Each 16 - inch shell weighed , which when multiplied by nine ( the total number of barrels in all three turrets ) equals a total of 24 , 300 pounds ( 11 , 022 kg ) . Thus , an " Iowa " - class battleship had a broadside of 12 short tons ( 11 . 0 tonnes ) , the weight of shells that she could theoretically land on a target in a single firing . See list of broadsides of major World War II ships for a comparison .
USS Great Northern ( AG - 9 ) USS " Great Northern " ( AG - 9 ) was a " Great Northern " - class cargo ship acquired by the United States Navy for use as a general cargo ship . " Great Northern " was built by William Cramp & Sons in 1915 ; acquired from her owners , Great Northern Pacific Steamship Co . on 19 September 1917 , by the United States Shipping Board ; converted to a transport at the Puget Sound Navy Yard ; and commissioned there on 1 November 1917 , Captain W . W . Phelps in command . World War I service . Embarking nearly 1 , 400 passengers at Puget Sound , including 500 " enemy aliens , " women and children as well as men , " Great Northern " sailed for the U . S . East Coast on 21 January 1918 , reaching New York on 9 February via the Panama Canal and Charleston , South Carolina . On 7 March , she sailed from Hoboken , New Jersey , for Brest , France with 1 , 500 members of the American Expeditionary Force ( AEF ) . " Great Northern " returned to Hoboken on 30 March with wounded veterans . From then until August 1919 , she made a total of 18 transatlantic voyages , first carrying troops to the fighting zones and then bringing home the victorious " doughboys " . " Great Northern " decommissioned at New York on 15 August 1919 and was transferred to the U . S . Army Transportation Service the same day . Assigned to the U . S . Army . While in the USATS , " Great Northern " was based mainly in the Pacific Ocean . In late 1919 and early 1920 , she made two long trips from Honolulu to Vladivostok to pick up approximately 3 , 000 American officers and men returning from the Allies ' campaign against the Russia n Communists . " Great Northern " also took a Congressional party on a long Pacific inspection , touching at Hong Kong , Honolulu , Cavite , and then returning to San Francisco , California in the summer of 1920 . Recommissioned by the Navy . " Great Northern " name changed to " Columbia " . On 19 November 1921 , " Great Northern " s name was changed by Presidential order to Columbia to honor a name long famous in Navy annals . She remained in New York harbor , functioning as a floating command post , through the rest of 1921 . " Columbia " sailed for the Caribbean to join the annual Atlantic Fleet winter exercises on 7 January 1922 , reaching Guantánamo Bay , Cuba , via Charleston and Key West , Florida on 18 January . Three days later she joined the battleships , , , and at Guantanamo Bay . " Columbia " sailed north on 24 February , reaching New York on 27 February . That same day , Admiral Jones shifted his flag to , and " Columbia " sailed for Chester , Pennsylvania . She decommissioned there on 4 March 1922 and was transferred to the U . S . Shipping Board . Returning to merchant service , she was renamed H . F . Alexander with Pacific Steamship Co . / Admiral Lines until 1942 , when she was taken over by the War Shipping Administration for use as a troop transport . Service during World War II . Renamed George S . Simonds , she served through World War II , was laid up in the Maritime Commission reserve fleet for a time , and then scrapped .
Fighter Wing : A Guided Tour of an Air Force Combat Wing Fighter Wing : A Guided Tour of an Air Force Combat Wing ( 1995 , ISBN 0 - 425 - 14957 - 9 ) is a nonfiction book written by Tom Clancy which explores the inner workings of the United States Air Force ' s 366th Fighter Wing based out of Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho . With an overview of the evolution of air power such as aircraft engines , stealth , avionics , sensors , and onboard displays , it also briefly introduces the B - 2 Spirit and the F - 22 Raptor . The following section focuses on Operation Desert Storm and its air campaign planners and the next on the combat aircraft found on the current USAF inventory . Ordnance is tackled as well as the creation of the Air Combat Command . A tour of the 366th Wing is presented in detail including the Green Flag exercise of 1994 - 3 . A simulated scenario of how the 366th Wing may possibly be employed in a future conflict with Vietnam is also laid out . The final sections of the book includes the author ' s conclusion , a glossary and a bibliography .
William Odgers William Odgers VC ( 14 February 1834 – 20 December 1873 ) was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Odgers was 26 years old , and a leading seaman in the Royal Navy during the Taranaki Maori War , New Zealand when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 28 March 1860 at Omata , New Zealand , Leading Seaman Odgers of HMS " Niger " displayed conspicuous gallantry when a party of officers , sailors and marines from the ship stormed Kaipopo Pa during operations against Maori insurgents . His citation read : A few days later , HMS " Niger " bombarded two coastal pa at Warea , about 40 kilometres south of New Plymouth , where the defeated Maori force had regrouped , with cannon and rockets . Controversially this action was labelled a ' fictional triumph ' and a myth by New Zealand revisionist historian James Belich . However military historian Nigel Prickett asserts the action was a catastrophic defeat for southern insurgents who lost their overall chiefs and most of their lesser chiefs at Kaipopo Pa . This was the first VC won in New Zealand . He later achieved the rank of quartermaster , and was in the Coast Guard Service . William Odgers was born in Falmouth , Cornwall , and died in Saltash , Cornwall . His medal is displayed at Sheesh Mahal Museum , Patiala , India .
F 1 Hässlö F 1 Hässlö " , Kungliga Västmanland s Flygflottilj , " Royal Västmanland Air Force Wing " , or simply " F 1 " ' " , is a former Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located at Hässlö Flygplats in Västerås in central Sweden . History of the airbase . The 1st Flying Corps was set up near Västerås City July 1 , 1929 on the grounds of the recently disbanded 18th Infantry Regiment . The airfield at Hässlö was brought in use in 1931 . In 1936 , the 1st Flying Corps was redesignated F 1 as the 1st Air Wing and received B 3 bombers . These were later supplemented with B 4 dive bombers . In 1949 , F 1 was reorganized as a night fighter wing with 60 surplus J 30 De Havilland Mosquitos from England . They were in turn replaced by 60 J 33 Venoms in 1952 . All of the J 30 and J 33 in Sweden were based at F 1 . In 1959 , the night fighter squadrons were converted to regular fighter squadrons of J 32B . These were in service until 1968 when they were in turn replaced with J 35F until the decommissioning of the wing in 1983 . Current use . The airfield is known today as Stockholm - Västerås Airport with daily flights to England and charter to Mediterranean destinations . References . Webpage listing all air force squadrons in Sweden ( in Swedish )