naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Fort Allen ( Pennsylvania ) Fort Allen was a structure , built in 1774 in Hempfield Township , Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania , for protection from Indian attacks . Roughly 800 pioneer settlers in Hempfield , a large number of them German , had petitioned the colonial government for aid and protection from Indian attacks . In response to that , Fort Allen was built . It is believed that Fort Allen was named for Andrew Allen of the state ' s then governing body , the Supreme Executive Council . The fort was commanded by Col . Christopher Truby ( in one source , spelled " Trubee " ) . Fort Allen was a frontier fort for Dunmore ' s War in 1774 and the American Revolutionary War . It was also known as Truby ' s Blockhouse . It was never involved in an emergency . There is a stone monument commemorating Fort Allen . The monument was erected on May 1 , 1929 and is located on the grounds of St . John ' s Harrold United Church of Christ at the corner of St . John ' s Church Road and Baltzer Meyer Pike , which is 150 yards north of where the fort was located . The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission erected a roadside marker on December 12 , 1946 at the intersection of Route 136 and Baltzer Meyer Pike . The roadside marker says , " Frontier post built by Pennsylvania German pioneers of the Harrold ' s and Brush Creek settlements in 1774 . It was a refuge from Indians in Dunmore ' s War and the American Revolution . The site was a little to the south . " Fort Allen Elementary School , which is located in the Hempfield Area School District , built in 1952 , was named after the fort .
Timm AG - 2 The Timm AG - 2 was a proposed Second World War American assault glider part of a United States Army assault glider project , none were built and the programme was cancelled in September 1943 . Design and development . The United States Army had an idea to procure an assault glider , an armed glider that would land first and help secure the landing site for the use by transport gliders . Each assault glider would have six glidermen as well as the pilot and co - pilot , the glidermen would be armed with two 0 . 50 and two 0 . 30 calibre machine guns and two rocket launchers . Contracts were awarded in May 1943 to two companies , the Christopher Company and the Timm Aircraft Company , each to build two prototypes . The Timm prototype was designated the XAG - 2 and was to have been a low - wing cantilever monoplane with a gross weight of 8500 lb . General Chidlaw in the Office of the Assistant Chief of Air Staff decided that it was " damned fool idea " and cancelled the project in September 1943 .
SS Stettin ( 1923 ) Stettin was a 2 , 646 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1923 for the Stettiner Dampfer Compagnie . In 1930 she was sold to Norddeutscher Lloyd and renamed Akka . She was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940 . " Akka " was seized as a war prize in 1945 , passing to the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and being renamed Empire Calder . She was sold in 1947 to the Near East Shipping Co and renamed Israel Gotesman and then Isgo . In 1950 she was sold to Karl Gross , Bremen and renamed Erich . In 1960 , she was sold to Palomba & Salvatori , Italy and renamed Pantera , serving until she was scrapped in 1970 . Description . The ship was built by Stettiner Oderwerke AG , Stettin for Stettiner Dampfer Compagnie AG . She was launched in 1923 , and completed in 1924 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 2 , 646 and a NRT of 1 , 511 . She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and diameter by 39 ( 100 cm ) stroke . The engine was built by Stettiner Oderwerke AG . History . " Stettin " was built for Stettiner Dampfer Compagnie AG , Stettin . She was operated under the management of Deutsche Levante Linie . Her Code Letters were JBGK and her port of registry was Stettin . In 1930 , she was sold to Norddeutsche Lloyd and renamed " Akka " . Her port of registry was changed to Bremen and she remained under the management of Deutsche Levant Linie AG . In 1934 , her Code Letters were changed to DOCW . In 1935 , she was sold to Atlas Levant Linie AG . She was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940 . In 1942 , " Akka " was allocated the German Official Number 8535 and her Code Letters were change to SFMN . In 1945 , " Akka " was seized as a war prize and passed to the MoWT . She was renamed " Empire Calder " and placed under the management of Whimster & Co Ltd . Her port of registry was changed to London . She was allocated the United Kingdom Official Number 180787 and the Code Letters GFDY . In 1947 , she was sold to the Near East Shipping Co Ltd , London . She was renamed " Israel Gotesman " , which was later shortened to " Isgo " . In 1950 , she was sold to Karl Gross , Bremen and renamed " Erich " . In 1960 , she was sold to Palomba & Salvatori , Italy and renamed " Pantera " , serving until she was scrapped in Italy in October 1970 . With the introduction of IMO Number s , " Pantera " was allocated the IMO Number 5270090 .
Robert Nicholas Young Robert Nicholas Young ( January 14 , 1900 – October 19 , 1964 ) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army . He gained prominence in the 1950s as the commander of the 2nd Infantry Division during the Korean War and as commander of the Sixth United States Army . Early life . Young was born on January 14 , 1900 in Washington , D . C . He graduated from the University of Maryland in 1922 and received his commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry through the Reserve Officer Training Corps . Start of military career . After receiving his commission Young served in positions of increasing rank and responsibility throughout the United States , including Fort Eustis , Virginia , Camp Meade , Maryland , and San Juan , Puerto Rico . In the late 1920s and early 1930s he served as assistant professor of military science in the R . O . T . C . program at the University of Maryland . In 1933 Young graduated from the Infantry School Officer Course , and he completed the Signal School Commanding Officer Course in 1934 . In the mid - 1930s Young served as an instructor at the Fort Benning , Georgia Infantry School . Young was a 1938 graduate of the Command and General Staff College . World War II . From 1941 to 1942 Young served as assistant secretary to the General Staff at the War Department , afterwards advancing to become secretary to the General Staff , where he served until 1943 . Young was assigned as assistant division commander of the 70th Infantry Division from 1943 to 1944 during its combat in Europe . From 1944 to 1945 he continued to serve in Europe as assistant division commander and acting division commander of the 3rd Infantry Division . Post World War II . General Young ’ s service continued after World War II . From 1945 to 1946 he served as commander of the Military District of Washington . Young commanded the Army ' s Combined Arms Center at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas from 1946 to 1948 . From 1948 to 1950 Young served in Hawaii as Chief of Staff for U . S . Army , Pacific . From 1950 to 1951 Young was assistant division commander of the 82nd Airborne Division . Korean War . From 1951 to 1952 Young served as commander of the 2nd Infantry Division . He was commander of the division during the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge . Post Korean War . Young was commander of the United States Army Infantry School from 1952 to 1953 . In 1953 Young was named the Army ’ s Assistant Chief of Staff for Personnel , G - 1 , where he served until 1955 . Young was appointed commander of the Sixth United States Army in 1955 , and served in this post until his 1957 retirement . Awards and decorations . General Young ’ s awards included three Distinguished Service Medals , the Silver Star , the Legion of Merit , two awards of the Bronze Star , and the Purple Heart . Retirement and death . In retirement General Young resided in Asheville , North Carolina . He died there on October 19 , 1964 , and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery , Section 6 , Site 5685 RH .
76 mm regimental gun M1927 The 76 mm regimental gun M1927 ( ) was a Soviet infantry support gun . The gun was developed in 1927 by the design bureau of Orudiyno - Arsenalny Trest ( OAT ) and entered production in 1928 . A total of 16 , 482 pieces were built . On June 22 , 1941 the Red Army had 4 , 708 of these guns . In 1943 the gun was replaced in production by the 76 mm regimental gun M1943 , but remained in service until the end of the war . The Germans placed captured guns into service as the 7 . 62 cm Infanteriekanonehaubitze 290 ( r ) ( infantry gun - howitzer ) , while in the Finnish army they were known as 76 RK / 27 . The gun was intended for destruction of light field fortifications and openly placed personnel by direct fire . HEAT shell gave it limited anti - tank capabilities . The M1927 was issued to rifle and cavalry regiment s of the Red Army . Artillery battalion of rifle brigade included one battery of M1927 . Some guns were used by anti - tank artillery battalions .
Friedrich Buck Friedrich Buck ( born 30 January 1922 ) was an Oberscharführer ( Staff Sergeant ) in the Waffen SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . He was also one of only 631 men to be awarded the very rare Close Combat Clasp in Gold for 50 days hand to hand combat . Buck was awarded the Knight ' s Cross on the 27 January 1945 as commander of the 5th Squadron , 15th SS Cavalry Regiment , 8th SS Cavalry Division " Florian Geyer " .
Leichttraktor The Leichttraktor ( VK - 31 ) was a German experimental tank . After the first world war , Germany was restricted in military development by the Versailles Treaty but a secret program under the name cover " Traktor " was developing armoured military vehicles and artillery . The Germans tested the tank in the Soviet Union under the Rapallo treaty signed in 1922 under high secrecy and security . The testing facility used from 1926 to 1933 was called Panzertruppenschule Kama , and was located near Kazan in the Soviet Union . The location was a joint testing ground and tank training ground for the Red Army and Reichswehr . It was codenamed Kama from the two words Kazan and Malbrandt because the testing grounds were near Kazan and Oberstleutenant Malbrandt was assigned to select the location for testing . In the early years of World War II , it was used as a training tank .
Second Fitna The Second Fitna , or Second Islamic Civil War , was a period of general political and military disorder that afflicted the Islamic empire during the early Umayyad dynasty , following the death of the first Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I . There seems to be a lack of solid consensus on the exact range of years that define the conflict , with several different historians dating the Second Fitna differently . Some see the end of Muawiya ' s reign in 680 AD as marking the beginning of the period , while the year 683 ( following the death of Muawiya ' s son the Caliph Yazid I ) is cited by others . Similarly , the end is variously dated from 685 ( after the ascension of Caliph Abd al - Malik ibn Marwan ) to 692 ( following the death of Ibn al - Zubair and the termination of his revolt ) . The dates 683 - 685 seem to be the most commonly used . The Second Fitna was a time of complexity in the Islamic world , involving a number of different occurrences that were seemingly not directly connected with one another . A brief sketch of the major events of the period may however be given as follows . The first Umayyad Caliph Muawiya I was succeeded upon his death in 680 by his son , Yazid I . Yazid ' s first opposition came from supporters of Husayn ibn Ali , who was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and the son of the former Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib , who had been assassinated . Husayn and many of his closest supporters were killed by Yazid ' s troops at the Battle of Karbala . This battle is often cited as the definitive break between the Shi ' a and Sunni sects of Islam , and until this day it has been commemorated each year by Shi ' a Muslims on the Day of Ashura . Following these occurrences , Yazid faced a second revolt from Abd Allah ibn al - Zubayr , who was the son of a Sahabi , al - Zubayr ibn al - Awwam and the son of Asma bint Abu Bakr . Ibn al - Zubayr ' s rebellion was seen by many as an attempt to return to the pristine values of the early Islamic community , and his revolt was welcomed by a number of parties that were unhappy with the Umayyad rule for various reasons . Following the sudden death of Yazid and his son Mu ' awiya II in 683 , Ibn al - Zubayr gained widespread recognition as caliph . In Syria Marwan ibn Hakim , a cousin of Mu ' awiya I , was declared caliph . Marwan had a short reign dying in 685 but he was succeeded by his able son Abd al - Malik . Ibn al - Zubayr was isolated in the Tihamah and the Hejaz regions when Kharijite rebels established an independent state in central Arabia in 684 . Other Kharijite uprisings followed in Iraq and Iran , while Shias revolted in Kufa to avenge the death of Husayn and to promote another of Ali ' s sons as a candidate for caliph . Eventually , order was restored by Syrian forces supporting Abd al - Malik . He was able to defeat all of his various rivals , and his army killed Ibn al - Zubayr in 692 , bringing this period of exceptional turbulence to an end .
Tysons Corner Communications Tower Tysons Corner Communications Tower , also known as Site E , is a classified United States military microwave tower located in Tysons Corner , Virginia . The tower is administered by the United States Army from Fort Belvoir . History . The tower was constructed in 1952 as part of a continuity of government plan to ensure that lines of command were preserved between the U . S . President and military bases and troops in the field in the event of a nuclear attack . In the event that defense communication facilities in Washington , DC , were disabled , there were two alternate communication facilities on Cross Mountain in Pennsylvania and Lambs Knoll , Maryland . Another tower just south of the Raven Rock Mountain Complex in southern Pennsylvania relayed signals from these two backup sites to the Washington defense facilities , along with the Pentagon , White House , the State Department and other government facilities . However , the alternate communications facilities were located on the west side of the Blue Ridge Mountains , and the microwave signals could not carry directly to Washington , thus the Tysons Corner tower was built to serve as the major relay between Washington and these facilities to the west . The tower site is the highest point in Fairfax County , and was selected because it is close to the Pentagon and the White House but far enough away from Washington to withstand a direct nuclear attack on the city . The specific uses of the tower today are classified . It is rumored to be a government intelligence numbers station , although others argue that the tower ' s communications equipment is obsolete . Indeed , several microwave antennas have been removed from the tower , include those pointed to Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center , although it is speculated that these have been replaced by fiber - optic cable links . Additionally , the tower is reportedly connected by underground fiber - optic cable to Warrenton Training Center , which is a continuity of government facility as well as a Central Intelligence Agency communications facility .
206th Coastal Division ( Italy ) The 206th Coastal Division was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The division was based in Sicily during the Allied invasion of Sicily , codenamed Operation Husky . It was a large scale amphibious and airborne operation , followed by six weeks of land combat . It launched the Italian Campaign . Coastal divisions , were second line divisions , usually formed from men in their forties and fifties intended to perform labouring and second lined duties . Recruited locally they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement . Their equipment was also second rate , Mussolini had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army , but this had often been sabotaged or arrived with no ammunition .
French ship Pluton ( 1778 ) Pluton was a of " Scipion " class 74 - gun French ship of the line built at Rochefort . She fought in a series of battles during the American War of Independence , including the battles of Martinique ( 1780 ) , Fort Royal ( 1781 ) , Chesapeake ( 1781 ) , St . Kitts , ( 1782 ) , and the Saintes ( 1782 ) . She was renamed " Dugommier " in 1797 and seems to have seen little further active service . She was broken up in 1805 .
German submarine U - 490 German submarine " U - 490 " was a Type XIV supply and replenishment U - boat ( " " Milchkuh " " ) of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 21 February 1942 , by Germaniawerft of Kiel as ' werk ' 559 . She was launched on 24 December 1942 and commissioned on 27 March 1943 , with " Leutnant zur See " Wilhelm Gerlach in command . He remained in command throughout the boat ' s short career . The U - boat ' s service life commenced with the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 27 March 1943 to 31 March 1944 ( for training ) . She then served , for operations , with the 12th flotilla . Operational career . " U - 490 " s first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 4 May 1944 . She headed for the Atlantic by way of the so - called Faeroes Gap between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands , north of the British Isles . Although as a supply boat , she avoided combat , she was lost on her first patrol when on 12 June , she was attacked in mid - ocean by the escort carrier USS " Croatan " and the destroyers USS " Frost " , " Huse " and " Inch " . There were 60 survivors ( no casualties ) .
Christine Bruzek - Kohler Rear Admiral Christine M . Bruzek - Kohler was the 21st Director of the United States Navy Nurse Corps , and served as the Commander Naval Medical Center San Diego and Navy Medicine West from May 2009 to August 2010 . She officially retired from the Navy in December 2010 . Early life . Bruzek - Kohler is a native of Camden , New Jersey , and attended Villanova University where she received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and her commission as an Ensign in 1974 . Navy Nurse Corps career . In her distinguished career Bruzek - Kohler has served as Charge Nurse , National Naval Medical Center , Bethesda , Maryland ; Staff Nurse , U . S . Naval Regional Medical Center , Naples , Italy ; Ambulatory Care Coordinator , Naval Hospital Newport , R . I . ; Director of Academic Support Department , Naval School of Health Sciences , Bethesda ; Head of Enlisted Training Programs , Naval Health Sciences Education and Training Center ; Director of Nursing / Acting Executive Officer , Naval Hospital Great Lakes , Illinois ; Director of Nursing , U . S . Naval Hospital , Guam ; Executive Officer , Naval Hospital , Pensacola , Florida ; Commanding Officer , Naval Hospital , Lemoore , California ; and Assistant Deputy Chief for Medical Operations Support , Bureau of Medicine and Surgery , Washington , D . C . Director , Navy Nurse Corps . Bruzek - Kohler was the 21st Director of the Navy Nurse Corps and the Chief of Staff , Bureau of Medicine and Surgery , Washington , DC from 2005 to 2009 . She then served as the Commander Naval Medical Center San Diego and Navy Medicine West from May 2009 to August 2010 JTF CapMed . Bruzek - Kohler is currently an Executive Director for the Joint Task Force National Capital Region Medical . Education . Bruzek - Kohler earned a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Villanova University in 1974 . She also holds a Master of Education from Providence College and a Master of Arts and Doctor of Education from George Washington University . Bruzek - Kohler is a Fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives . Awards . Bruzek - Kohler ’ s personal decorations include the Legion of Merit ( four awards ) , Meritorious Service Medal ( two awards ) , Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal ( two awards ) , Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal ( two awards ) , and various service awards .
Operation Safe Haven ( 1957 ) Operation Safe Haven was a refugee relocation operation executed by the United States Marine Corps to evacuate 15 , 570 - 21 , 000 of the 200 , 000 Hungarian refugees to the United States following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . The airlift was ordered by Dwight D . Eisenhower on Dec . 10 , 1956 , as a Cold War response to the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian revolt . It was a joint endeavor by the United States Bolling and Military Air Transport Service s , the United States Navy , and various commercial aircraft . On January 1 , 1957 , air transports from the 1608th Air Transport Wing from Charleston Air Force Base , S . C . , and the 1611th Air Transport Wing from McGuire AFB , N . J . , relocated approximately 10 , 000 refugees to the United States . In addition to air transport , from December 18 , 1956 , through February 14 , 1957 , ships of the Navy ' s Military Sea Transportation Service ( USNS Eltinge , Haan , Marine Carp , and Walker ) transported 8 , 944 refugees from Bremerhaven , Germany , to New York City , USA . These refugees were job - classified by the U . S . Labor Department as they made their way to American shores .
Model 43 grenade The Model 43 " Stielhandgranate " was introduced by the German Army mid - way through World War II to replace the earlier Model 24 ( the archetypal stick grenade ) . This development was intended to simplify production and to enhance its versatility , evidenced by even more simplification between the early and late versions . The Model 43 consisted of an explosive - filled sheet - metal can affixed to a solid wooden stick for throwing . Although at first glance this grenade looks very similar to its predecessor , it differs in the main respect that the actual explosive charge and fuse form a self - contained unit in the head . As such , the explosive charge could be dismounted from the stick handle and used separately as a booby trap . This was in contrast to the Model 24 , where the explosive charge was in the head but the fuse was mounted at the top of the hollow stick . A pull - cord ran down the length of the stick and was attached to a porcelain ball at the bottom , which was contained by a detachable screw cap - therefore , the older grenade could only be used when both parts were connected . When the porcelain ball was pulled , there was a 5 . 5 - 7 second delay before detonation . The Model 43 used the same fuse assembly ( the BZE 39 ) as the egg - shaped Model 39 " Eierhandgranate " , which was screwed into the top of the explosive charge .