naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Rudolf Ritter von Otto Rudolf Ritter von Otto ( 1735 – 7 August 1811 ) began his military career in the army of the Kingdom of Saxony , transferred to the Austrian army and had a distinguished combat record during the Seven Years War and the French Revolutionary Wars . Early career . Born in Weissenfels in the Kingdom of Saxony in 1735 , Otto joined the Saxon army in 1753 as a cavalryman . In the Seven Years War he fought at the battles of Kolin and the Breslau in 1757 . He was also present at several sieges and skirmishes . He joined an Austrian Freikorps raised by his brother Wilhelm and participated in several successful ambushes and raids in 1760 - 1762 . Austrian service . At the end of the war he formally entered the Austrian army , joining the Hesse - Darmstadt Dragoon Regiment # 19 as an " Oberleutnant " . Promoted to captain in 1769 and major in 1777 , he transferred to the Graeven Hussar Regiment # 34 . Because he improved his new regiment ' s efficiency , he was rapidly promoted , first to " Oberstleutnant " in 1783 and " Oberst " in 1784 . In the Austro - Turkish War ( 1787 - 1791 ) , he led his regiment in action at Chernivtsi and Cornia . Promoted to " General - major " in 1788 , he continued to distinguish himself against the Turks . In 1793 during the War of the First Coalition , Otto joined the Austrian army in Flanders , serving at the siege of Valenciennes . At the battle of Caesar ' s Camp on August 7 , he commanded an infantry - cavalry brigade in the Count of Clerfayt ' s column . On September 12 , he participated in the cavalry action at Avesnes - le - Sec in which a French force was cut to pieces . On October 30 , he led his troops in battle at Marchiennes . He was promoted to " Feldmarschal - Leutnant " on January 1 , 1794 and also became proprietor ( " inhaber " ) of the Hussar Regiment # 32 . On April 24 , while leading two Austrian and two British cavalry squadrons on a reconnaissance toward Cambrai , Otto encountered a force of French cavalry . At this time , he discovered that Emperor Francis II was nearby with his retinue . Fearing that his sovereign was about to be captured , he resolved to attack the enemy . In the ensuing Battle of Villers - en - Cauchies , Otto ' s troopers smashed a 7 , 000 - man French division , inflicting 1 , 200 casualties . Two days later , Otto led the main attack in the Duke of York ' s victory at Beaumont , rolling up the French flank and capturing the French commander René Chapuis . At the Battle of Tourcoing , he led one of York ' s three columns . Though the Anglo - Austrian army went down to defeat , Otto performed well . Later career . In 1796 , Otto declined a command in Italy due to ill - health . He became a member of the Aulic Council and was promoted to full general upon retirement in 1803 . He died at his estate near Königgrätz on August 7 , 1811 .
Grip Pod A Grip Pod is a weapon stabilization system for certain models of assault rifles and automatic weapons . It serves as a weapon grip that mounts near the forward hand of the user . The Grip Pod employs a retractable bi - pod concealed within the grip in order to switch from a vertical fore - grip to a bi - pod attachment , when a button near the top of the grip is pressed . The Grip Pod was created in 2003 , and is now used throughout the United States Armed Forces . History . The Grip Pod System was created in 2003 by Joseph R . Moody and Joseph D . Gaddini . Its parent company , Grip Pod Systems , International , was founded in 2005 in order to market and further develop the bi - pod grip . After extensive testing at Picatinny Arsenal in the same year , Grip Pod Systems won a sole source contract with the US Army and Marines , which began implementing the grips in units in the Middle East later that year . By 2012 , over 900 , 000 Grip Pods were made for U . S . Forces . In the last four years , the company has been issued 31 patents , starting with patents for the bi - pod design itself in April 2008 . According to the Grip Pod website , the grips are now used by the U . S . Army , U . S . Marine Corps , U . S . National Guard , U . S . Air Force , British Army , and several other federal agencies . Models . Currently , three Grip Pod models are available : the 02 , LE , and SAW models . Specifications . The key to the Grip Pod is the button near the top of the grip . This button connects to a spring - loaded sliding piston in the grip , that sits atop the bi - pod legs . When the button is pressed , the spring is released and decompressed , which pushes the piston down . This action expands the two housed legs out of the grip and into their locked and spread position . The legs are connected to each other by a joint that is fastened by a pin with threading on one end , called a pivot pin . A torsion spring , similar to those used in mousetraps , allows the legs the tension to expand outward , assuming their locked position . A rubber O - ring is in place at the bottom of the grip to catch a ledge at the top of the bi - pod leg mechanism . This prevents the legs from over - extending or leaving the grip completely . The grips are mainly made from reinforced polymer , while the legs are stainless steel covered by polymer . Each Grip Pod is 5 . 75 inches long with the legs concealed , and 7 . 25 inches long with the legs deployed . The Grip Pod mounts to a weapon using the Picatinny Rail system . Canting . A primary objective of the Grip Pod was to have a bi - pod that could cant , or rotate side to side . When extended , the fore - grip of the Grip Pod has a 10 degree range of motion to the left and to the right , fixed at the joint of the bi - pod . This allows the user to adjust their aim on uneven surfaces .
USS Richard Peck ( IX - 96 ) USS " Richard Peck " ( IX - 96 ) was an auxiliary ship of the United States Navy during 1943 . Built in 1892 by Harlan and Hollingsworth , Wilmington , Delaware , she was acquired by the Navy on 20 February 1943 , from the New England Steamship Company , New Haven , Connecticut , and commissioned the same day at Argentia , Newfoundland , Canada . " Richard Peck " provided electrical power at Argentia , during her active service . Decommissioned on 5 November 1943 , at Norfolk , Virginia , she was struck from the Navy List on 16 November 1943 , transferred to War Shipping Administration , on 9 December 1943 , and subsequently transferred to the Pennsylvania Railroad .
George Arthur Knowland George Arthur Knowland VC ( 16 August 1922 – 31 January 1945 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross during the Second World War , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Knowland was born on 16 August 1922 in Catford , Kent and attended Elmwood Primary School in Croydon . He joined the British Army , the Royal Norfolk Regiment , in 1940 as a private and was commission ed before the end of the next year . At 22 years old , and a lieutenant in the Royal Norfolks but now attached to No . 1 Commando in Burma , he took part in the Battle of Hill 170 where he was to earn the VC . On 31 January 1945 near Kangaw , Burma , Lieutenant Knowland was in command of a forward platoon of a troop which was being heavily attacked – some 300 of the enemy concentrating on his 24 men . During the attacks he moved among the men distributing ammunition and contributing with rifle fire and throwing grenades at the enemy . When the crew of one of his forward Bren light machine gun s had been wounded , he rushed forward to man it himself . The enemy was only away but below the level of the trench so to fire into them he stood up . He continued to fire until the casualties had been evacuated . A replacement gun team that had been sent for were injured while moving up and he stayed with the gun until a third team arrived . In a subsequent attack he took over a 2 inch ( 51 mm ) mortar which he fired from the hip directly into the enemy . He returned to the trench for more ammunition and fired the mortar from out in the open . When this was used up he fired his rifle . The enemy were then very close and without time to reload his rifle , he picked up a " Tommy gun " ( sub machine gun ) and used it . He killed more of the enemy but received mortal wounds . Despite over 50 % losses in the platoon the remainder held on . By the time they were relieved the men had held the ground for 12 hours ; they prevented the enemy from advancing further on that hill . His grave is in the Taukkyan War Cemetery , Burma .
Donald Rudolph Donald Eugene Rudolph , Sr . ( c . 1921 - May 25 , 2006 ) was an American soldier who received his country ' s highest military honor , the Medal of Honor , in World War II . Biography . He was awarded the medal while serving as a technical sergeant and acting as leader of his platoon on Luzon island in the northern Philippines ; his actions took place on February 5 , 1945 . Whilst giving first aid on the battlefield he noticed that his unit was pinned down by gun fire from a ditch . Crawling to the ditch , using his rifle and grenades to protect himself , he then killed three enemy soldiers concealed there . He then continued to work his way across open ground to a line of pillboxes that were also firing and immobilising his company . He threw a grenade into the slit in the first of the pillboxes , and charged it and threw another grenade into the structure , killing the enemy machinegunners and so silencing their fire . After ordering several riflemen to cover his advance he proceeded to attack and neutralise 7 further pillboxes in quick succession . Later , when a tank attacked his platoon he advanced under covering fire , opened its hatch and dropped a white phosphorus grenade inside , killing the crew and negating its threat . His medal citation concludes that through " his outstanding heroism , superb courage , and leadership , and complete disregard for his own safety , [ . . . ] Rudolph cleared a path for an advance which culminated in one of the most decisive victories of the Philippine campaign . " . He was promoted to Second Lieutenant after the battle , and was presented with the medal on August 23 , 1945 by President Harry S . Truman . He continued his army career in the reserves until 1963 , then worked in the Veterans Administration until his retirement in 1976 . He died from complications of Alzheimer ' s disease in Grand Rapids , Minnesota and is buried at Fort Snelling National Cemetery Minneapolis , Minnesota . US Hwy 7 north from Highway 169 to Bigfork , MN is known as the Donald Rudolph Medal - of - honor Scenic Byway . A commemorative site is available several miles up the highway .
Grivnik brigade The Grivnik Brigade was an independent Soviet brigade during World War II . This brigade fought alongside the Soviet 88th Rifle Division against the Finnish J - Group of the Finnish III Corps and the German SS North during Operation Barbarossa . They beat back both forces , forcing the Finno - German troops to retire to the city of Kestenga , near Lake Topozero in September 1941 . " Combat Composition of the Soviet Army " for 1 September 1941 lists no such formation , but there is a Murmanskaya Rifle Brigade listed alongside 88th Rifle Division in 14th Army ( Soviet Union ) .
145th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was one of eighteen Coastal Defense Divisions raised by the Japan ese to defend the coast of their homeland from an anticipated Allied invasion , on the 28th of February 1945 . Each Division of the series between 140 and 160 had four infantry regiments . The 145th Division had 401st , 402nd , 403rd and 404th Infantry Regiments with other artillery , engineer , antitank , rocket artillery , and other divisional units . Allentown , PA : 1981
United States Marine Corps History Division The United States Marine Corps History Division is a branch of Headquarters Marine Corps tasked with researching , writing , and maintaining the History of the United States Marine Corps . It also provides reference and research assistance ; preserves personal experiences and observations through oral history interviews ; and deploys field historians to record history in the making . It is headquardered at Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia . History . The History Division was formed on 8 September 1919 , by Order Number 53 of Commandant of the Marine Corps George Barnett as the Historical Section of the Department of the Adjutant and Inspector . After World War II , the organization was known as " Marine Corps History and Museums Division " until the current name was instituted in the early 2000s . Organization . The United States Marine Corps History Division is a staff organization with the primary task of researching and writing the Marine Corps ’ official history . The unit is not a division - sized military formation . It is organized into four branches : Directors . Since its inception , the following individuals have served as director : Publications . The History Division maintains several publications , including the quarterly newsletter " Fortitudine " ( ISBN 0 - 16 - 010404 - 1 ) , which was a traditional motto of the Corps before " semper fidelis " was adapted in 1883 . They also maintain an archive of all historical publications published since its founding .
Willem Arondeus Willem Arondeus ( Naarden , 22 August 1894 – Haarlem , 1 July 1943 ) was a homosexual Dutch artist and author , who joined the anti - Nazi resistance movement during World War II . Biography . Early life . Willem Arondeus was born in Naarden , as the youngest son of an Amsterdam tradesman in fuels . His parents were Hendrik Cornelis Arondeus and Catharina Wilhelmina de Vries . He started working as an illustrator , designer of posters and tapestries and a painter , for instance a large wall painting in the Rotterdam town hall . He admired the older Dutch designer Richard Roland Holst , as can be seen in his work . He didn ' t attain much glory and lived in straitened circumstances . About 1935 , he gave up visual arts and became an author . The poems and stories he had written in the 1920s went unpublished , but in the year 1938 he published two novels , " Het Uilenhuis " ( ' The Owls House ' ) and " In de bloeiende Ramenas " ( ' In the Blossoming Winter Radish ' ) , both illustrated with designs by Arondeus himself . 1939 saw the publication of his best work , " Matthĳs Maris : de tragiek van den droom " ( ' The Tragedy of the Dream ' ) , a biography of the painter Matthijs Maris , who was a brother of the Dutch artists Jacob and Willem Maris . And two years later , " Figuren en problemen der monumentale schilderkunst in Nederland " ( ' Figures and Problems of Monumental Painting in the Netherlands ' ) was published , again with designs by the author . At that date , however , Arondeus was already involved with the Dutch resistance movement . Resistance movement . In the spring of 1941 , he started an underground periodical in which he tried to incite his fellow artists to resist the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands . Earlier than others , Arondeus realized that the demand by the Nazi occupiers that all Jews register with the local authorities was not , as the Nazis claimed , for their own safety , but rather so they could be deported to the Westerbork concentration camp and from there to the death camps in occupied Poland . A concerted operation was underway to hide Jews among the local population , with various underground organizations preparing forged documents for Jews . Arondeus was a member of one such group , Raad van Verzet ( Resistance Council ) . Within a short while , the Nazis began to uncover the false documents by comparing the names with those in the local population registry . To hinder the Nazis , on March 27 , 1943 , Arondeus led a group in bombing the population registry in Amsterdam . Thousands of files were destroyed , and the attempt to compare forge documents with the registry were hindered . Within a week , Arondeus and the other members of the group were arrested . They were executed that July . In his last message before his execution , Arondeus , who had lived openly as a gay man before the war , asked , " Let it be known that homosexuals are not cowards . " In 1945 , after the liberation of the Netherlands , Arondeus was awarded a posthumous medal by the Dutch government .
HMS Charybdis ( F75 ) HMS " Charybdis " ( F75 ) was a " Leander " - class frigate of the Royal Navy ( RN ) . She was built by the Harland & Wolff company of Belfast , and was the last ship to be built there for British naval forces until RFA Fort Victoria of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary , was launched in 1990 . " Charybdis " was launched on 28 February 1968 and commissioned on 2 June 1969 . Her nickname was the " Cherry B " . Operational Service . In 1969 , " Charybdis " became guard ship of Gibraltar . The following year , " Charybdis " deployed to the Far East and Pacific at a time when there was a large RN presence in those regions . During her time there , " Charybdis " took part in a number of exercises with Commonwealth countries , including Exercise Longex with New Zealand . " Charybdis " visited many countries on ' fly the flag ' duties , which remains a prominent role for a Royal Navy warship . In 1973 " Charybdis " spent time in the Second Cod War when Iceland wanted to extend their control of the fishing waters from 12 miles to 50 miles . At that time there was normally three frigates and three ocean - going tugs deployed to protect the groups of British trawlers . In 1976 , " Charybdis " was deployed to the Mediterranean . The following year , " Charybdis " joined the Fishery Protection Squadron , just a year after the Third Cod War ended . " Charybdis " took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II . At this time she was part of the 6th Frigate Squadron . In early 1979 , " Charybdis " underwent yet another Mediterranean patrol . From 1979 to 1982 , " Charybdis " underwent modernisation that included the fitting of Exocet and Sea Wolf missiles , and the removal of her twin 4 . 5 - in guns . In late 1982 , in the aftermath of the Falklands War , " Charybdis " deployed on a Falkland Islands patrol , which at the time was still a tense region . Through the rest of the 1980s , " Charybdis " undertook duties in the West Indies and Mediterranean , and in the Persian Gulf in 1985 as part of the Armilla Patrol protecting ships transitting the Straights of Hormuz , and also in 1988 . In 1990 , " Charybdis " was on Persian Gulf patrol , with several flying the flag visits in the far east . She was due to visit America and the Falklands in 1991 , but was retasked to return to the eastern Mediterranean to act as Sea Wolf protection for the flagship " Ark Royal " during the first Gulf War . Fate . In September 1991 , " Charybdis " was decommissioned . She did not end her career quietly like some other vessels , instead she was sunk as a target on 11 June 1993 . Commanding officers . ! From | | To | | | Captain
Ethnic conflict in Nagaland The ethnic conflict in Nagaland , in northeastern India , is an ongoing conflict fought between the ethnic Nagas and Tangkhuls in the area , complicated by the support of some for rebel groups seeking independence for the state . It is located near Myanmar , where rebels regularly take cover . The Tangkhuls wanted to defeat or drive away the Kukis , a Naga people living in the Ukhrul district of Manipur . The various groups involved in this conflict include several rebel groups , the " National Socialist Council of Nagaland ( Isak - Muivah ) , " which purportedly wants a Christian religious state ; the " National Socialist Council of Nagaland ( Khaplang ) " , which wants an independent " greater Nagaland " to include territory now in Myanmar , based on ethnicity ; and the " Naga National Council ( Adino ) " . The first insurgencies occurred in the early 1950s . They subsided gradually or were repressed in the early 1980s . In 1993 , violence erupted again between the Nagas and the Kukis . At least 34 , 000 died in the conflict between 1954 and 1975 . Nagaland Rebels . Several rebel groups have operated in Nagaland since the mid - twentieth century , including the following :
2nd ( West Africa ) Infantry Brigade The 2nd ( West Africa ) Infantry Brigade was a World War II unit of the British Army it was formed from battalions of the Royal West African Frontier Force in 1940 . The Brigade served in the East African campaign in the early part of the war before seeing action against the Japanese in Burma in 1944 – 45 . History . The brigade was originally formed as 4th ( Gold Coast ) Infantry Brigade but was re - designated 24th ( Gold Coast ) Infantry Brigade in October 1940 . It was involved in the East African Campaign against the forces of the Italian Colonial Empire in Kenya under the command of Brigadier Collen Edward Melville Richards and was attached to the 2nd ( African ) Division . During the East African Campaign , the brigade was part of Andrew Cunningham ' s force which attacked from Kenya into Italian Somaliland and then advanced into Ethiopia . After the campaign , in December 1941 , the brigade returned to West Africa and was reorganised as an independent brigade group ( with attached engineer and artillery units ) and designated 2nd ( West African ) Infantry Brigade . In October 1942 command of the brigade passed to Brigadier Ernest Western who was to remain in this role until March 1945 . In 1944 , reorganised once more as an infantry brigade , the 2nd ( West African ) was attached to the 82nd ( West Africa ) Division and sailed for Ceylon , where the complete division was assembled on July 20 . They then moved to Burma and took part in the third Arakan Campaign in December , 1944 as part of Philip Christison ' s XV Corps . It first advanced south along the Kalapanzin valley , then crossed a steep and jungle - covered mountain range to converge with the British 81st ( West Africa ) Division on Myohaung at the mouth of the Kaladan River . This move forced the Japanese to evacuate the Mayu peninsula which they had held for almost four years , and retreat south along the coast . They continued to advance maintaining pressure , on the Japanese capturing the port of Gwa shortly before the Japanese abandoned Burma . Western was wounded in March 1945 and command of the brigade was given to Brigadier Adam Wilson - Brand . Formation . The 2nd ( West Africa ) Infantry Brigade was made up of the following units :
BAP 100 The BAP 100 ( French : " Bombe Accélérée de Pénétration " 100 mm , Accelerated Penetration Bomb ) is a French anti - runway cluster bomb developed in the mid - 1970s , and which entered service with the French Air Force in the early 1980s .
Southern Liang The Southern Liang ( ; 397 - 414 ) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty ( 265 - 420 ) in China . The founding family Tufa was of Xianbei ethnicity and distant relative of the Tuoba imperial house of Northern Wei . According to the " Jin Shu " , the name was changed from Tuoba to Tufa because one of the Tufa ancestors was born on a blanket , and in the Xianbei language , " Tufa " meant " blanket . " All rulers of the Southern Liang proclaimed themselves " wang " .