naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Jaffna ( 2006 ) The Battle of Jaffna was a battle fought in two phases in August and October 2006 for the Jaffna peninsula . It was the fourth battle for the peninsula since the start of the Sri Lankan civil war . Battle . Tamil Tiger offensive . On August 11 , 2006 fighting was renewed for control of the Jaffna peninsula , after six years of a World War One - like stalemate position . The city of Jaffna had been cut off by land from the rest of Sri Lanka after the Tigers ( LTTE ) overrun the Elephant Pass base in early 2000 . The only way the city was receiving supplies and fresh troops was by sea . The Ltte Launched a preemptive attack on the Main SLN base ( China Bay ) in Trincomalee . The objective of the attack was to capture the naval base for at least couple of weeks and thereby cut off the supplies for the 30000 troops in the Jaffna peninsula . The major offensive against the trincomalee harbor was met with immediate resistance forcing tigers to retreat with heavy casualties after days of fighting . Even the offensive failed the tigers launched a massive ground attack on the forward defense lines in Muhumalai and Nargakovil . Initially the Tigers broke through SLA positions and advanced north toward Jaffna , but after 10 hours of fierce fighting they were beaten back and returned to their original positions . The Sri Lankan government claimed that up to 700 rebels and 150 soldiers were killed in only 5 days of fighting by August 16 . Another 300 soldiers were wounded . The LTTE continued multiple waves of attacks with their troops form the Charles Antony brigade and Jayanthan brigade but was beaten back with heavy casualties . By the end of the week the tigers stationed themselves in their previous defence lines . SLA offensive . Two months later , on October 28 , an army offensive was launched from the city against rebel territory . SLA troops advanced only a few hundred meters into LTTE territory when they were hit by heavy fire . By the next day the SLA offensive was broken . It resulted in the biggest loss of life for the military in four years with 129 soldiers killed and 519 wounded . The rebels claimed that they lost only 22 fighters , while the army said that they killed 400 Tigers . Nevertheless the army suffered a humiliating setback . During this time the army accused the Tigers of massacaring 74 soldiers from a unit that was surrounded and captured . The Tigers denied it . Aftermath . Whatever the number of dead and wounded neither side gained any ground and both sides were back where they started from by the end of the battle . In all , the government of Sri Lanka claimed that 700 - 1 , 000 LTTE fighters were reported killed along with more than 300 soldiers in the period from August 11 to October 29 .
USS Lamprey ( SS - 372 ) USS " Lamprey " ( SS - 372 ) , a " Balao " - class submarine , was a ship of the United States Navy named for the lamprey , any of certain eel - like aquatic vertebrates . " Lamprey " ( SS - 372 ) was laid down 22 February 1944 by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company , Manitowoc , Wisconsin ; launched 18 June 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . W . T . Nelson ; and commissioned 17 November 1944 , Commander William T . Nelson in command . After trials , tests , and training in Lake Michigan , the new submarine entered a floating drydock 7 December at Lockport , Illinois ; was floated down the Mississippi River ; and arrived New Orleans on 13 December . Four days later she departed New Orleans for the Pacific . " Lamprey " sailed from Pearl Harbor 17 February 1945 for the coast of Luzon and her first war patrol . She steamed on life guard duty off Formosa and Hong Kong until 29 March ; transited the Singapore Strait s 8 April ; and the next day steamed through the Karimata Strait s into the Java Sea . She sighted no worthwhile targets , however , because most of Japan ' s merchant marine and naval fleet had been destroyed . The submarine headed for a refit at Fremantle , Australia , arriving 22 April 1945 . Under a new commanding officer , Lt . Comdr . Lucien B . McDonald , " Lamprey " cleared Fremantle 21 May and entered the Java Sea bound for her patrol area in the Siam Gulf . On 28 May " Lamprey " and closed for a coordinated gun attack which damaged and set afire a 600 - ton escort ship . " Lamprey " set course for Subic Bay where she arrived 29 June . The submarine returned to sea 26 July for her third war patrol and spent most of her time searching for targets along the Gulf of Siam . She entered the Singapore area 8 August to patrol west of Pengiboe Island where she sank a small craft with gunfire . She was relieved on station by British submarine the same day and headed for Borneo . On 12 August her guns destroyed a cargo - carrying lugger from Surabaya . The submarine was closing in on a two - masted schooner 15 August when she received word to cease hostilities . " Lamprey " departed Subic Bay 31 August and moored in San Francisco , 22 September . She entered Mare Island Naval Shipyard , decommissioned 3 June 1946 , and was laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet . " Lamprey " received four battle star s for World War II service . ARA " Santiago del Estero " ( S - 12 ) . On 21 July 1960 she was transferred on loan to the Government of Argentina and was commissioned in the Argentine Navy as ARA " Santiago del Estero " ( S - 12 ) . Along with ARA " Santa Fe " ( former ) , she was used mainly for training . The conning towers of both submarines were later locally upgraded to improve hydrodynamics . Some years ago , Argentinian officials disclosed that a group of tactical divers had carried out an incursion on the Falkland Islands on board the " Santiago del Estero " in October 1966 . The submarine was returned to US Navy custody , 1 September 1971 , to be struck from the Naval Vessel Register , sold outright to Argentina , and then broken up for use as spare parts .
Sempill Mission The Sempill Mission was a British aeronaval technical mission led by Captain the Master of Sempill and sent to Japan in September 1921 , with the objective of helping the Imperial Japanese Navy develop its aeronaval forces . The mission consisted in a group of 30 instructors and support staff , headed by Colonel Sempill , and stayed in Japan for 18 months . The Mission started training operation at the air base of Kasumigaura . The Japanese were trained on several new aircraft , such as the Gloster Sparrowhawk , in various techniques such as torpedo bombing and flight control . The Mission also brought the plans of the most recent British aircraft carriers , such as " HMS Argus " and " HMS Hermes " , which influenced the final stages of the development of the Japanese aircraft carrier " Hōshō " . Although the Hōshō was already launched by that time , she became the first aircraft carrier laid down as such in the world when she was commissioned in 1922 , one year before the " Hermes " .
New 6th Army New 6th Army was a Chinese combat command involved in the Burma Campaign of World War II , and later , the Chinese Civil War . They operated in the Shan State s and the Karen State of eastern Burma . The New 6th Army ' s General and Supreme Commander was Liao Yaoxiang . New 6th Army was among the top five nationalist crack units ( The other four included New 1st Army , Reorganized 11th Division ( army - sized , formerly known as the 18th Army and later reverted to its original designation ) , Reorganized 74th Division ( army sized , formerly known as the 74th Army ) , and the 5th Army .
302d Air Division The 302 Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force Division . Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command , assigned to Fourteenth Air Force , being stationed at Marietta AAB , Georgia . It was inactivated on 27 June 1949 . Subordinate units of the 302d wing carried cargo and passengers within Great Britain and , later , to and from continental Europe , beginning in December 1943 . Cargo included medical supplies and whole blood , and materiel such as gasoline , helmets , bayonets , belly tanks , ammunition , clothing , Signal Corps equipment , and even telephone poles . Passengers included war correspondents , entertainers , general officers , enlisted personnel , pilots , German prisoners , Allied ex prisoners of war , and wounded personnel , both Allied and enemy . In February 1945 , the wing assumed the additional mission of ferrying aircraft . In fulfilling this mission , the wing ferried B - 17s , B - 24s , B - 26s , A - 20s , P - 51s , C - 109s , and numerous other models within the European theater of operations . A Reserve wing December 1946 – June 1949 , it was redesignated later in inactive status as a division . Components . Groups Squadrons
11th Infantry Division Brennero The 11th Infantry Division Brennero was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Brennero " Division was mobilized in October 1939 and was held in reserve during the Italian invasion of France . After the Italian surrender in September 1943 , it chose to side with the German forces . It was then split into smaller units and employed on anti - partisan operations . It was made up of men from the Brenner Pass ( a rare case of Italian Infantry Division whose name coincides with the ethnicity or place of residence of its members ) and surrounding South Tyrol .
Battle of Basian The Battle of Basiani ( ) was fought , in the 13th century , between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuqid Sultanate of Rüm in the Basiani vale 60 km northeast of the city of Erzurum in what is now northeast Republic of Turkey . The battle is variously dated between 1202 and 1205 , but 1203 or 1204 has lately been given preference . The contemporary Muslim annalist Ibn Bibi places the battle in 598 AH ( October 1 , 1201 - September 19 , 1202 ) . The modern Turkish historians identify the castle of Micingerd ( Mazankert ) as the location of the battle . The battle was one of those several conflicts between the Georgian monarchs and the Seljuqid rulers of Anatolia that fill the region ’ s history of the 11th - 13th century . It marked yet another attempt by the Seljuqids to stem the Georgian advances southward . The story of this conflict is narrated in the contemporary Georgian , Armenian and Islamic sources . The sultan of Rüm , Rukn ad - Din Süleymanshah II ( r . 1196 - 1204 ) , fought hard , with considerable success , to reassemble once a vast state fragmentized under his late father Kilij Arslan II . Initially , his relations with the neighboring kingdom of Georgia were ostensibly peaceful , including the exchange of embassies and precious gifts . However , Süleymanshah ’ s 1201 takeover of Erzurum whose last Saltukid ruler ( malik ) ` Ala ' ad - Din was , at that time , a tributary to the Georgian crown , brought Süleymanshah II into an inevitable confrontation with the Georgians . The sultan further resented a tribute levied by the Georgian rulers upon the neighboring Muslim beyliks and requested its withdrawal in an ultimatum presented to the Georgian Queen regnant Tamar . According to the Georgian chronicle , Süleymanshah ’ s emissary delivered a highly offending letter to Tamar in which the sultan threatened to take her as a concubine upon his conquest of Georgia . Süleymanshah , joined by his vassal beys , crossed into the Georgian marchlands and encamped in the Basian vale . Tamar quickly marshaled an army throughout her possessions and put it under command of her consort , David Soslan . From their base in Javakheti , the Georgian troops under Soslan and amirspasalar Zacharia Mkhargrdzeli made a sudden advance into Basian and assailed the enemy ’ s camp . In a pitched battle , the Seljuqid forces managed to roll back several attacks of the Georgians but were eventually overwhelmed and defeated . Loss of the sultan ' s banner to the Georgians resulted in a panic within the Seljuq ranks . Süleymanshah himself was wounded and withdrew to Erzurum . The victory at Basian allowed Georgia to secure its positions on the southwest and keep the Seljuqid resurgence in check , but Erzurum was , henceforth , to remain within the domains of the sultans of Rüm .
3235th Drone Squadron The 3235th Drone Squadron is an discontinued United States Air Force unit . It was last active with the 3205th Drone Group , based at NAS Point Mugu , California . It was discontinued on 1 January 1957 . History . Organized as " Detachment 2 " , 3201st Air Base Support Squadron , on 26 April 1950 , Mission was to aintain and operate provide services and material to support operations of aviation activities and units . Operated QB / DB - 17 Flying Fortress drone / director aircraft drones as flying targets for the Naval Point Mugu developmental and evaluation tests . The unmanned B - 17 drones were guided by pilots flying in motherhship B - 17s and the drone aircraft were used as target practice by fighter jets using missiles . Since the missiles they used were without warheads the drones , when hit , were guided back to the ground . They were then repaired and reused for other missions , including ground to air attacks . Inactivated in 1957 with the end of the B - 17 target drone program .
HMS Surf ( P239 ) HMS " Surf " was an S class submarine of the Royal Navy , and part of the Third Group built of that class . She was built by Cammell Laird and launched on December 10 , 1942 . So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name " Surf " . " Surf " served in the Mediterranean and the Far East during the Second World War . Whilst in the Mediterranean , she damaged the German auxiliary patrol vessel GA 54 / " Chiaros " and sank the German merchant " Sonia " . On transferral to the Far East , she sank a small Japanese tug and a barge , and laid mines in the Strait of Malacca . " Surf " survived the war and was sold on October 28 , 1949 . She arrived at Faslane in July 1950 for breaking up .
Norman S . Paul Norman Stark Paul ( March 23 , 1919 – March 30 , 1978 ) was United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs from January 25 , 1961 to June 30 , 1962 ; Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy from August 8 , 1962 to September 30 , 1965 ; and United States Under Secretary of the Air Force from October 1965 to September 1967 . He died of cancer in Washington , D . C . on May 30 , 1978 at the age of 59 .
Bayan of the Merkid Bayan of the Mergid ( died 1340 ) was a Mongol general of the Mergid clan and an official in the Yuan Dynasty . At the turn of the 13th / 14th centuries he , together with the Turk El Temür , was a member of the group around Qaishan , a nephew of Temür Khan who was appointed to defend Mongolia against the Chagatai Khanate under Kaidu , the grandson of Ögedei . In one battle , he repelled and chased the Ögedeid army ; and was given the title of Baghatur . After Temür ' s death , Qaishan emerged as the new Yuan emperor , and Bayan was among those who received an official position as as reward . Later , Bayan was governour of Henan . Historians describe him as a traditionalist who attempted to preserve Mongolian culture while he is seen as a violent aristocrat by some . In the conflicts about the succession of Tugh Temür Khan after 1332 , Bayan broke with El Temür and supported Toghon Temür , who ascended the throne in 1333 ( the same who would lose China in 1368 ) . He was appointed commander of kheshig , composed of Mongols , Kypchak s , Russians and Asud in 1334 . Until 1335 Bayan succeeded in annihilating El Temür ' s sons and family . Bayan began concentrating official positions in his person that had not been so concentrated before . He implemented rather conservative politics , abolishing the imperial examination system , and aimed to contain the number of Han Chinese in the upper echelons of the Yuan bureaucracy . He once suggested the emperor kill those Han Chinese of the more numerous surnames : Zhang , Wang , Liu , Li and Zhao to suppress the rebellion . In 1339 he became great chancellor ( ) . At that time he had probably gone too far , in any case he was toppled in 1340 by his nephew Toghtogha . Shortly after that , his purges were called off and his policies were reversed .
William W . Orme Brigadier General William Ward Orme was born in Washington , D . C . in 1832 . He moved to Bloomington , Illinois , in McLean County , prior to 1860 where he practiced law in the law firm of Swett & Orme . His partner was Leonard Swett . While practicing law in Illinois he caught the attention of Abraham Lincoln who called Orme the most promising lawyer in Illinois . He was a delegate to the Illinois State Constitutional Convention in 1860 . He was a friend of Supreme Court Justice David Davis . When Abraham Lincoln appointed Davis to the Supreme Court , Davis wrote Orme about the news . Orme formed and commanded the 94th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment , known as the " McLean Regiment . " At the time , he was a colonel . He led a brigade under Francis J . Herron at the battle of Prairie Grove and , for his performance there , was promoted to Brigadier General postdated to 29 November 1862 . Herron ' s division was transferred to the Army of the Tennessee and Orme continued in command of his brigade during the siege of Vicksburg . Upon the Confederate surrender , Orme ' s brigade led the Union army into the fallen the city of Vicksburg . It was during his time in Mississippi that Orme contracted tuberculosis . His brigade was transferred to the Department of the Gulf but he was soon forced relinquish his command due to failing health . He was appointed commander of the Camp Douglas Prison but even that became to difficult for his health . He retired from the military in 1864 to become Supervising Agent for the United States Treasury . Ormed finally succumbed to his illness and died in 1866 at his home in Illinois . A collection of Orme ' s papers is held by the University of Illinois Library ' s Illinois History and Lincoln Collections . A bronze marker in Orme ' s honor was erected in 1917 at Vicksburg National Military Park
St . Petersburg Naval Institute The M . V . Frunze Higher Naval School , now known as Peter the Great Naval Corps - St . Petersburg Naval Institute , is the oldest of the Russian Navy ' s naval officer commissioning schools . It is located in Saint Petersburg . The school traces its origins to the School of Mathematics and Navigation Sciences , founded in 1701 by Peter the Great , in Moscow ' s Sukharev Tower . After the city of St . Petersburg was built , the school was relocated there . The school was later reorganized as the Naval Cadet Corps . After the Russian Revolution of 1917 , it was eventually renamed the M . V . Frunze Higher Naval School . Today , it is called the Peter the Great Naval Corps - St . Petersburg Naval Institute . Other Russian Navy officer commissioning schools include F . F . Ushakov Baltic Naval Institute in Kaliningrad ; A . A . Popov Naval Radioelectronics Institute in Petrodvorets ( St . Petersburg area ) ; the Naval Engineering Institute in Pushkin ( St . Petersburg area ) ; and S . O . Makarov Pacific Naval Institute in Vladivostok .
South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command ( SCAT ) was a joint command of US military logistics units in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II . It contributed notably to the success of U . S . forces in the battles for Guadalcanal ( 1942 – 1943 ) and New Georgia ( 1943 ) . It reported to AirSols , then to Commander , Air , South Pacific , part of the South Pacific Area . History . The operations of SCAT started as a response to developments in Guadalcanal , with the initial deployment of Marine Aircraft Group 25 in August 1942 comprising VMJ - 253 . The composite transport group was then formally organized in November 1942 . Other units in SCAT were VMR - 152 , VMR - 153 and USAAF ' s 13th Troop Carrier Squadron . SCAT was dissolved in February 1945 . The nickname " Flying Boxcars " was widely used for the Douglas R4D aircraft flown by Marine units in SCAT , predating its attachment to the post - war C - 119 aircraft . Personnel . SCAT personnel who later became notable include :
575th Bombardment Squadron The 575th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 391st Bombardment Group , stationed at Camp Patrick Henry , Virginia . It was inactivated on 29 October 1945 . History . Formed under III Bomber Command in early 1943 as a B - 26 Marauder medium bomber squadron . Trained for duty in Europe with Ninth Air Force . Engaged in combat beginning in early 1944 , attacked tactical targets in France , Low Countries and Germany supporting Allied ground forces advancing after D - Day in Northern France Campaign and the Western Allied invasion of Germany , 1945 . Received A - 26 Invader s in April 1945 , however did not use in combat . After V - E Day , demobilized personnel while stationed in France during the summer of 1945 , inactivated as a paper unit in Virginia , October 1945 .
Pierino Belli Pierino Belli ( March 20 , 1502 , Alba - December 31 , 1575 , Turin ) was an Italian soldier and jurist . Belli served the Holy Roman Empire as the commander of Imperial forces in Piedmont . In 1560 , Emmanuel Philibert , Duke of Savoy , named him a councillor of state . He is most notable for his book , " De re militari et de bello " ( 1563 ) which was one of the most comprehensive treatments of military law and the rules of war that had been written up to that time .
John T . Hughes John T . Hughes ( July 25 , 1817 – August 11 , 1862 ) was a colonel in the Missouri State Guard and Confederate Army during the American Civil War . He might also have been a brigadier general at the time of his death but documentation of the appointment is lacking . Early life career , and Mexican War . John Taylor Hughes was born July 25 , 1817 near Versailles , Kentucky to Samuel and Nancy ( Price ) Hughes . His family moved to Fayette , Missouri when he was very young . He was an 1844 graduate of Bonne Femme College and taught school until the outbreak of the Mexican War in 1846 . He enlisted as a private in the 1st Regiment Missouri Mounted Volunteers of Doniphan ' s expedition and penned his personal account of the trek upon his discharge in 1847 . Hughes ' book provided national fame and following his return to Missouri in 1848 , he became editor of a Clinton County , Missouri newspaper , the school superintendent , militia colonel , and state representative in 1854 . He was also a planter and slaveowner . Civil War and death . Hughes was a cousin to Sterling Price and like Price professed Conditional Unionism until the Camp Jackson Affair , after which he joined the Missouri State Guard and was elected colonel of the 1st Regiment , 4th Division . He participated in the Battle of Carthage and the Battle of Wilson ' s Creek . He was slightly wounded in the Siege of Lexington . At the Battle of Pea Ridge in March 1862 , Hughes took over command of a brigade from the wounded Brigadier general William Yarnell Slack . Hughes returned to Missouri in the summer of 1862 to recruit for the Confederacy . At this time he may have been appointed as either an acting Confederate or Missouri State Guard brigadier general . No record of the appointment has been found but he was known as " general . " He , his recruits , and several other recruiting or partisan bands united to attack the garrison of Independence , Missouri on August 11 , 1862 with Hughes in overall command . During this battle ( the First Battle of Independence ) , he was killed instantly by a shot to the head while leading a charge , but the city was captured . He is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in Independence . He left behind a wife , Mary , and five young sons .