naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
22nd Continental Regiment The 22nd Continental Regiment was formed on 1 January 1776 when the 2nd Connecticut Regt ( 1775 ) of Spencer ' s Brigade in the Main Continental Army was re - designated . On 12 August 1776 Spencer ' s Brigade was re - designated as Parson ' s Brigade and on 12 November 1776 the brigade was re - assigned to the Highland ' s Department . The regiment was re - assigned to Mercer ' s Brigade of the Main Continental Army on the same date . The regiment was disbanded on 31 December 1776 at Peekskill , New York .
George Ray Tweed George Ray Tweed ( July 2 , 1902 – January 16 , 1989 ) was a radioman in the United States Navy at the outbreak of World War II . Biography . A sixteen - year veteran of the Navy , Tweed was the chief radioman on Guam when the Japanese invaded the island on December 10 , 1941 . He and five other men slipped into the Guam jungle rather than become prisoners of war . When the Japanese became aware of these men on the island , they began to hunt for them . The Japanese issued an order demanding that they surrender within a 30 day period or be beheaded when captured . None of the men surrendered and the Japanese eventually captured and executed all of them except Tweed . The Japanese also executed local Chamorro natives whom they suspected of helping the missing Americans . Tweed managed to elude the Japanese for two years and seven months , until just before the start of the Battle of Guam . On July 10 , 1944 , he was able to signal two destroyers involved in preparations for the impending US invasion . He was rescued by a whaleboat from the USS McCall ( DD - 400 ) . For his heroism , Tweed was awarded the Legion of Merit and promoted . According to a newspaper article ( " Le Petit Journal " , Montreal ) from August 25 , 1946 , George Tweed had promised a local native , Antonio Artero , a brand new car if he evaded capture and returned to the United States . Tweed , with the help of General Motors , sent a car to Antonio Artero from San Francisco . George Tweed died in an automobile accident in 1989 . He is buried at Eagle Point National Cemetery in Oregon . George Tweed ' s story is told in short in the official US Navy documentary on the Battle of Guam , as well as in the 1944 book " Robinson Crusoe , USN " . His story was also dramatized in the 1962 movie " No Man Is an Island " starring Jeffrey Hunter as Tweed .
James F . Schenck James Findlay Schenck ( 11 June 1807 – 21 December 1882 ) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy who served in the Mexican – American War and the American Civil War . Biography . Born in Franklin , Ohio , he was the son of William C . Schenck , the founder of Franklin . He entered West Point as a cadet in the class of 1826 , but left before graduation . Schenck was appointed midshipman in the United States Navy in 1825 . During service in the Mexican – American War , he served under Commodore Stockton at Santa Barbara , San Pedro , Los Angeles , Guaymas , and Mazatlan . At Santa Barbara , in 1846 , he raised with his own hands the first American flag to fly in California . He was highly commended for his service . Taking command of in 1859 , Schenck served on the China Station for two years , silencing a fort at the Bombardment of Qui Nhơn , Cochinchina , on 30 June 1861 . Since " Saginaw " became unseaworthy early in the Civil War , Schenck decommissioned his ship on 3 January 1862 , proceeded home without waiting for orders , and was at once given command of in the West Gulf Blockading Squadron . Schenck commanded and the 3rd Division of Admiral David Dixon Porter ' s fleet in operations against Fort Fisher , and he was mentioned for gallantry in Admiral Porter ' s action report . He was promoted to rear admiral on 21 September 1868 and retired on 11 June 1869 . Rear Admiral Schenck died at Dayton , Ohio and is interred in the Woodland Cemetery in Dayton .
USS Ramona ( IX - 76 ) USS " Ramona " ( IX - 76 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for a title character in a novel ( " Ramona " by Helen Hunt Jackson ) . A steel - hulled schooner , her keel was laid down in 1920 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company , in Newport , Rhode Island . She was acquired by the Navy under bareboat charter from S . M . Spalding of Los Angeles , California , on 15 July 1942 and was placed in service 5 August 1942 . Originally assigned to the 11th Naval District , " Ramona " was transferred to the Western Sea Frontier on 31 August 1942 . Homeported at San Diego , California , during her eight months in service , she patrolled off the California coast until placed out of service 1 April 1943 . Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 18 July 1944 and she was returned to her owner on 5 August 1944 .
German submarine U - 186 German submarine " U - 186 " was a Type IXC / 40 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 24 July 1941 by " AG Weser " in Bremen as ' werk ' 1026 . She was launched on 11 March 1942 and commissioned on 10 July with " Korvettenkapitän " Siegfried Hesemann in command . The U - boat ' s service began with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla . She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 January 1943 for operations . The submarine carried out two patrols and was a member of nine wolf pack s . She sank three ships totalling . She was sunk by a British destroyer in May 1943 . Operational career . 1st patrol . " U - 186 " s first patrol took her from Kiel , across the North Sea and into the Atlantic Ocean through the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . She sank the " Ocean Vagabond " on 11 January 1943 south of Iceland . This ship had already been damaged by " U - 513 " in September 1942 . " U - 186 " also sank the " Hastings " and the " Eulima " on 23 February 1943 about south of Cape Race ( Newfoundland ) . She arrived at Lorient in occupied France , on 5 March . 2nd patrol and loss . The boat departed Lorient on 17 April 1943 . On 12 May she was sunk northwest of the Azores by depth charge s dropped by the British destroyer HMS " Hesperus " . Fifty three men died . There were no survivors .
Piechota wybraniecka Piechota wybraniecka ( , " chosen infantry " ) also known as piechota łanowa ( " łan ' s infantry " ) was a type of an infantry formation in the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth . Formed in 1578 . Consisted of " royal " peasants ( one from every 20 łan s ) from not charged ( not under frequent lien , etc . ) and revendicated royal land s . Difficulties in recruitment : Eventually the formation was totally discontinued ( late 17th / early 18th century ) in exchange of tax for the army .
Tupolev Tu - 82 The Tupolev Tu - 82 was a 1940s Soviet experimental swept - wing bomber . It was the first Soviet jet bomber with swept wings . Design and development . Similar to the earlier Tupolev Tu - 14 the Tu - 82 was designed to investigate the use of swept wings . Powered by two Klimov VK - 1 engines the Tu - 82 first flew in February 1949 . It achieved a top speed of 934 km / h and a ceiling of 14 , 000 m . Tupolev planned a larger combat version as the Tu - 86 but it was not built .
USRC Manhattan ( 1873 ) USRC " Manhattan " was an iron - hulled harbor tug that served as a Revenue Cutter and was originally assigned to New York City harbor and Long Island Sound , but in 1875 she was moved to the Great Lakes with stations at Ogdensburg and Oswego , New York . After 1885 she was advertised for sale but was withdrawn and reassigned to the Hudson River and Long Island Sound . After decommissioning in 1917 , she was moved to Baltimore , Maryland and renamed " Arundel " because a new " Manhattan " was being built . Although no longer in commission , she served as a station vessel until sold in 1927 . References . " U . S . Coast Guard and Revenue Cutters , 1790 - 1935 " , Donald L . Canney , Naval Institute Press , 1995
USS Reid ( FFG - 30 ) USS " Reid " ( FFG - 30 ) , twenty - second ship of the " Oliver Hazard Perry " class of guided - missile frigate s , was named for Sailing Master Samuel Chester Reid ( 1783 – 1861 ) . Ordered from Todd Pacific Shipyards , San Pedro , California on 23 January 1978 as part of the FY78 program , " Reid " was laid down on 8 October 1980 , launched on 27 June 1981 , and commissioned on 19 February 1983 . On on 18 August 1990 , " Reid " fired the first shots of Operation Desert Shield when she fired across the bow of an Iraqi tanker who had refused to change course when ordered . The Reid ' s unofficial nickname " Reidski " , used during the 1980s , came into use as the " Reid " found herself , more often than not , playing on the side of the " orange " team during fleet exercises . TCG " Gelibolu " ( F 493 ) . Decommissioned and stricken on 25 September 1998 , she was transferred to Turkey on 5 January 1999 as that nation ' s TCG " Gelibolu " ( F 493 ) . As of 2011 , she is still in active service .
HMS Burford ( 1757 ) HMS " Burford " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Chatham Dockyard to the draught specified by the 1745 Establishment as amended in 1754 , and launched in 1757 . " Burford " was sold out of the navy in 1785 .
Wodao The wodao ( ) is a Chinese sword from the Ming Dynasty . It is typically long and slender , but heavy , with a curved back and sharp blade . It bears a strong resemblance to Tang sword , zhanmadao , Tachi or Odachi in form , extant examples show a handle approximately 25 . 5 cm long , with a gently curved blade 80 cm long . The Japanese Samurai warriors were also adept with the Wodao . Wodao is a recurring weapon in the Fire Emblem game series and is also a weapon used by Yun - Seong in the Soul ( series ) video games .
Engesa EE - 12 The Engesa EE - 12 is a light utility vehicle developed by the ENGESA as a jeep that could be sold by both civilian and military markets . Description . The EE - 12 was developed by Engesa Engenheiros Especializados SA of São Paulo during the mid - 1980s and is claimed to have an excellent cross country performance . The vehicle is normally driven with an open top with only the forward - folding windscreen for cover . A canvas hood can be erected over a folding frame to provide weather protection for the driver and three passengers , the two removable side doors are canvas . Originally developed for an overseas customer , the EE - 12 has a strong steel chassis frame with integral front and rear bumpers fitted with towing and lashing shackles , a towing pintle for light trailers or light weapons such as mortars is provided at the rear . If required the rear bench seat can be removed to provide extra cargo stowage space . Standard equipment carried includes a spare wheel at the rear and one jerrican rack . Weapons such as machine guns can be mounted and a there is a special anti - tank version with a rearranged layout plus a split windscreen to accommodate a 106 - mm recoilless rifle . Other variants include an anti - tank missile carrier , a communications vehicle , and a frontline ambulance carrying a single stretcher . It is available powered by either a General Motors 151 2 . 5 - liter petrol engine or a Perkins 3 . 9 - liter diesel . The EE - 12 has been exported in quantity to Angola ( their versions feature a hard - topped body ) and to Middle East countries ; however this vehicle was not used by the Brazilian armed forces .
Franz Westhoven Franz Westhoven ( 7 December 1894 – 9 October 1983 ) was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several panzer divisions . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
Federalist No . 29 Federalist No . 29 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton , the twenty - ninth of the " Federalist Papers " . It was published on January 9 , 1788 under the pseudonym Publius , the name under which all the " Federalist Papers " were published . It is titled " Concerning the Militia . " Unlike the rest of the " Federalist Papers " , which were published more or less in order , No . 29 did not appear until after Federalist No . 36 . Brief Precis . Hamilton states that a federally regulated militia will be more uniform and beneficial to the " public defense " of Americans . He argues that an excessively regulated militia can harm a nation ' s work force , as not everyone can leave their profession to go through military exercises . Thus , a smaller , but still well - regulated militia , is the answer . This force will be further complemented by the " people at large , " who can " stand ready with arms to defend their rights and those of their fellow - citizens . " In the end , Hamilton concludes that the militia , as it is constituted directly of the people and managed by the states , is not a danger to liberty when called upon by federal authority .
SS Hong Chuen SS " Hong Chuen " was a 62 - ton wooden coastal steamer owned by the Ho Hong Steamship Company and formerly owned by the Straits Steamship Company . Her last voyage was under charter to the Minister of Economic Warfare for Malaya , complete with Malay crew , in the final days before Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942 , during World War II . Final voyage . A party comprising Commander J . Petrie , Lieutenant Colonel Goodfellow , Captain Morgan , Second Lieutenant Hemby , Sergeant Lamb and from the Ministry of Economic Warfare were ordered by Rear Admiral Ernest John Spooner of the Naval H . Q Singapore Base to establish an escape route from Singapore when its fall to the Japanese became inevitable . They planned to go to Sumatra , then overland to Padang , on Sumatra ' s west coast . The SS " Hong Cheun " was chartered for this assignment . The party departed from Singapore on 12 February 1942 , and after receiving provisions at the island of Salat Sinki and at Penju on Soregi Bawah Island , the party reached the mouth of the Jambie River at Tigi Solok , at dusk on 13 February 1942 . Their passage had been eventful . The ship was machine gun ned from the shore on leaving Singapore waters and there were frequent flights of Japanese bombers overhead . The Malay crew deserted at Penju . The ship picked up sixteen Chinese escapees adrift in a disabled motor tanking off Tjombol Island , and a defective compass caused the party to miss their planned landfall on Sumatra at the mouth of the Indragiri River at Prigi Raja . On the morning of 14 February 1942 , the party proceeded up the Jambie River , arriving at Jambie after 24 hours of continuous steaming , at 10 : 00 on 15 February 1942 . The " Hong Cheun " tied up at Jambie Wharf , where she was set on fire by a blazing oil barge which became wedged alongside her . She sank in one hour . The barge had been set on fire by the Dutch authorities in their " denial of fuel " operations . Escape party . The escape party , including the sixteen Chinese escapees , proceeded over land by road in two trucks and a car provided by the Dutch authorities and reached Padang , after continuous day and night driving , on 17 February 1942 . Some were then dispersed by sea to Columbo , Java , and Australia . Lieutenant Colonel Goodfellow remained in Padang . The escape route established by the party was subsequently used by some hundreds of escapees from Singapore .
SS Sea Scamp USAT " Sea Scamp " was an attack transport in the United States Navy . She was launched 26 November 1943 by Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula , Mississippi , under a Maritime Commission contract . Voyages The ship was purchased by Matson Line in 1947 and renamed " Hawaiian Packer " . It was sold to U . S . Maritime Commission in 1964 and renamed " Pecos " in 1966 . It was scrapped in 1971 . References .
Hélie de Saint Marc Hélie Denoix de Saint Marc ( 11 February 1922 – 26 August 2013 ) was a member of the French resistance and later a military officer who was courtmartialed for participating in the Generals ' Putsch against Charles de Gaulle . Hélie de Saint Marc joined the Resistance at the age of 19 . Caught in July 1943 , he was sent to Buchenwald concentration camp . After World War II he joined the French Foreign Legion and was sent to the First Indochina War . From 1948 to 1950 he led partisan groups on the Vietnam - Chinese border to defend themselves against the Chinese insurgents . In 1951 , after 4 – 5 months ' leave in Algeria and France , he was given command of a company ( 2nd CIPLE ) in the 2nd BEP ( Battalion of Legion Parachutists ) which consisted of Vietnamese volunteers . He was made captain on 1 October 1950 . In May 1953 he again returned to France on leave . Whilst in France he was redirected to spend time with the 11th Choc who were the action arm of SDECE . He returned to Vietnam in May 1954 to join the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion . In Algeria , during the Algerian War , while heading the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment , he agreed to support the April 1961 " Generals ' Putsch " against President Charles de Gaulle . The putsch ists saw de Gaulle ' s acceptance of Algerian independence as a betrayal of France and a betrayal of the local population both indigenous and French colonial . The officers in revolt had seen exactly this behaviour in Indochina and felt that it had to stop . As the putsch failed for lack of political support , he was arrested and , after concerns about a possible death sentence , sentenced to 10 years in prison . He was freed at Christmas 1966 . Asche und Glut . Erinnerungen . Résistance und KZ Buchenwald . Fallschirmjäger der Fremdenlegion . Indochina - und Algerienkrieg . * Putsch gegen de Gaulle , Edition Atlantis , 1998 , 2003 , ISBN 3 - 932711 - 50 - 5 , German traduction of Champs de braises . Mémoires ( www . editionatlantis . de )
214th ( Saskatchewan ) Battalion , CEF The 214th ( Saskatchewan ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in Wadena , Saskatchewan , the unit began recruiting in early 1916 in the districts of Mackenzie and Humboldt . After sailing to England in April 1917 , the battalion was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion on April 29 , 1917 . The 214th ( Saskatchewan ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . J . H . Hearn . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Type 4 70 mm AT Rocket Launcher The Type 4 70 mm AT Rocket Launcher was a Japan ese rocket launcher used during the last year of World War II . It was to be used in the Japanese mainland in case of an invasion by the Allies . It is comparable to the German Panzerschreck and the American Bazooka . History . By 1944 the Americans were using M1 Bazooka anti tank rocket launchers in the Pacific Theater against the Japanese . Japanese military commanders decided that they needed a similar weapon . In 1944 they adopted the Type 4 70mm rocket launcher . Unlike the US rocket that used fins to stabilize it in flight , the Japanese rocket had angled venturis in the base to spin the rocket for stability . The 20 cm ( 8 ” ) HE rocket used by the Japanese was also spin - stabilized so they were familiar with the production of this type of rocket . Development . The launcher was made in two parts that were joined in the middle , similar to the US 3 . 5 ” Rocket Launcher . It was designed to be fired by a soldier while prone . The weapon itself had a bipod similar to the one on the Type 99 LMG ( Light Machine Gun ) . The gunner lay with his body at approximately a 45 degree angle to the bore on the left side while the loader was similarly positioned on the other side . The pistol grip and trigger mechanism were attached to the rear half of the launcher . A cable ran from the trigger to the rear of the launcher where the hammer was located . The hammer and firing pin was mounted on an arm that looks like a mouse trap mechanism . The arm was above the bore and out of the way of loading the rocket when it was in the cocked position . Pulling the trigger pulled the pin holding the arm in position and the arm swung around under spring pressure , striking the primer and igniting the rocket . The 70mm rocket , like the 20 cm model , used a mortar fuze . There would be no set back when the rocket was fired to arm an artillery fuze . The Japanese mortar fuse for the 81mm and 90mm used a simple shear wire to make it bore safe . The wire went through the brass body and aluminum firing pin plunger . Upon impact the plunger was forced back , shearing the wire and freeing the plunger to strike the firing pin and detonate the round . This system would work well with a rocket and was already available in the Japanese supply system .
USS Heroic ( AMc - 84 ) USS " Heroic " ( AMc - 84 ) was an " Accentor " - class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U . S . Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Heroic " , a wooden - hull coastal minesweeper , was launched 5 May 1941 by Warren Boat Yard , Inc . , Warren , Rhode Island ; sponsored by Miss Sybil E . Alder ; and commissioned 25 March 1942 , Lt . ( j . g . ) A . M . White in command . World War II service . " Heroic " reported to Mine Warfare School , Yorktown , Virginia , for intensive training 11 April 1942 and then proceeded to Bermuda for further training . She was assigned to patrol and minesweeping duty in the 5th Naval District and was based at Norfolk , Virginia , 20 July 1942 and served there throughout the remainder of the war . Post - war decommissioning . " Heroic " decommissioned at Portsmouth , Virginia , 18 December 1945 and was turned over to the Maritime Commission for disposal 28 September 1946 .
Gustav Poel Gustav Poel ( 2 August 1917 – 16 January 2009 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . On 20 February 1944 " U - 413 " under the command of Poel sank the HMS " Warwick " . Summary of career . Ships attacked . As a U - boat commander of Gustav Poel is credited with the sinking of four ships for a total of and sinking one warship of .
Bilbao British Cemetery Bilbao British Cemetery is located in Sondika , in the province of Biscay , in the autonomous community of the Basque Country , northern Spain . The British cemetery was originally located on the coast of Biscay from about 1775 , before being disaffected and relocated to its current position in 1929 . The Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery . The cemetery contains a Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery ( maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission ) with 58 casualties . These casualties include servicemen from Poland , as well as persons from the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations . Service personnel from both the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force are buried here . Most of the dead are from World War II . Location . The cemetery can be found on the main road out of Sondika towards Derio . The cemetery is set back from the road and is now hidden by new housing . A Remembrance Day service is held every year .
List of hospital ships of the Brazilian Navy The Brazilian Navy has three hospital ships ; they are officially called Infirmary Assistance Ship ( Navio de Assistência Hospitalar , in Portuguese ) , and were designed specifically to provide medical assistance on rivers with shallow waters . They have a helicopter landing platform and carry two launches that can extend the vessels ' reach into even shallower and narrower waters than the parent vessels can access . The vessels have two sickbays with a total of six berths , an operating theater , up to three dental offices , a laboratory , two clinics , and X - ray facilities . The vessels ' main characteristics are : See also . Ships of the Brazilian Navy