naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 224 Squadron IAF The No . 224 Squadron ( " Warlords " ) of the IAF was an Air Defence unit based out of Jamnagar AFS , before its disbandment in 2007 . The Crest . No . 224 Sqn crest depicts a warrior on a chariot proceeding to war . The chariot signifies the weapon platforms which are highly lethal and flexible , the horse signifying the power and strength and the warrior is at high state of readiness and aiming his weapons on the enemies . History . No . 224 Sqn , IAF was raised on 4 July 1983 at Airforce Station Adampur under the command of Wg Cdr RA Massey , Vr C , as a part of Western Air Command . The unit was equipped with the Mig 23 MF and assigned the Air defence role , and later the Target Towing Tug role . Later it moved to Jamnagar , its MiG - 23s modified to tow targets . No . 224 Sqn was the last operator of the MiG - 23MF before their retirement from the Indian Air Force in 2007 . The final fly past of the closing ceremony was done by Wg . Cdr . M . K . Singh , Wg . Cdr T . R . Sahu and Flt . Lt . V . T . Shelke in a three a / c victory formation and Wing Commander Rajendra Singh Jamdar flew the Banner modified aircraft with ' Adieu MiG 23 MF ' painted on it before the guests . Later one aircraft was flown to the Indian Air Force Museum , Palam for preservation and a few to Pune for display . Awards and honours . No 224 Sqn was adjudged the best over all fighter squardon in Western Air Command during 1986 - 1987
Maurice Albert Windham Rogers Maurice Albert Windham Rogers VC MM ( 17 July 1919 - 3 June 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Rogers was 24 years old , and a sergeant in the Second Battalion , The Wiltshire Regiment , British Army , during the Battle of Anzio in the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . The citation in the " London Gazette " of 8 August 1944 , gives the following details ; " In Italy , a battalion of the Wiltshire Regiment was ordered to attack high ground held by the enemy . The carrier platoon of the leading company , dismounted were ordered to capture the final objective . They advanced under intense fire and sustained a number of casualties . The platoon , checked by the enemy ' s wire and the intensity of his machine - gun fire , took cover some 70 yards short of their objective . Serjeant Rogers continued to advance alone , and penetrated 30 yards inside the enemy ' s defences , drawing their fire and throwing them into confusion . Inspired by his example , the platoon began the assault . Serjeant Rogers was blown off his feet by a grenade , and wounded in the leg . Nothing daunted , he ran on towards an enemy machine - gun post , attempting to silence it . He was shot and killed at point blank range . This N . C . O . ' s undaunted determination , fearless devotion to duty and superb courage carried his platoon on to their objective in a strongly defended position . The great gallantry and heroic self - sacrifice of Serjeant Rogers were in the highest tradition of the British Army " . Further information . In 2003 Sergeant Rogers had a road named after him . A new industrial estate had been built at Hopton , Devizes , Wiltshire ( near to the old La Marchant Barracks ) and the road has been called " Sgt Rogers Way " . The road sign gives his full name and location and year of the VC award . Earlier he had a block of flats ' Rogers House ' named after him on the White City Estate in Shepherds Bush , London . His parents were in attendance at the opening ceremony . His story was published as the cover story for D . C . Thomson ' s " Victor comic " in issue 204 dated 16 January 1965 . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Rifles ( Berkshire and Wiltshire ) Museum in Salisbury , Wiltshire .
Heidi Shyu Heidi Shyu ( born 28 September 1953 ) is the current United States Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition , Logistics , and Technology , having been sworn into office on June 4 , 2011 . She was born in Taipei . Biography . Heidi Shyu was educated at the University of New Brunswick ( B . Sc . in Mathematics ) ; the University of Toronto ( M . Sc . in Mathematics ) ; and the University of California , Los Angeles ( M . Sc . in Electrical Engineering ) . She began her career as an engineer at Hughes Aircraft . She later moved on to Grumman and Litton Industries . She then spent a large part of her career at Raytheon . There she held the positions of Laboratory Manager for Electromagnetic Systems ; Director of JSF Antenna Technologies ; Director of JSF Integrated Radar / Electronic Warfare Sensors ; Senior Director of Joint Strike Fighter ; Senior Director of Unmanned Combat Vehicles ; Vice President of Unmanned and Reconnaissance Systems ; Vice President and Technical Director of Space and Airborne Systems ; Corporate Vice President of Technology and Research ; and finally Vice President of Technology Strategy for Raytheon Company ’ s Space and Airborne Systems . She was a member of the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board from 2000 to 2010 , serving as its vice - chairman 2003 to 2005 and as its chairman 2005 to 2008 . President Obama nominated her to be Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition , Logistics , and Technology and after Senate confirmation , she assumed office on June 4 , 2011 .
5th Bavarian Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division ( " 5 . Bayerische Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army , part of the German Army , in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of I Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was raised and recruited in Bavaria , mainly in Upper Bavaria and Upper and Middle Franconia . As a reserve division , it included a large number of recalled reservists . Combat chronicle . The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division fought in the opening phases of the war in the Battle of the Frontiers . It then participated in the Race to the Sea , including the Battle of Arras in October 1914 . It remained in the trenchlines in Flanders until 1916 , when it entered the Battle of the Somme in August 1916 . It remained in the Somme and Aisne area until January 1917 , when it went into 1st Army reserve to rest and refit . After returning to the line , it saw action in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also called the Third Battle of Champagne ( and by the Germans , the Double Battle on the Aisne and in the Champagne ) . Later in 1917 , it participated in the Battle of Passchendaele . In 1918 , the division fought in the German Spring Offensive . The division ended the war fighting against the American Meuse - Argonne Offensive . Allied intelligence rated the division as a good second class division . Order of battle on mobilization . The order of battle of the 5th Bavarian Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows : Order of battle on April 4 , 1918 . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division was triangularized in April 1915 , losing the 9th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Brigade headquarters and the 6th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment . Over the course of the war , other units were exchanged with other divisions , cavalry was reduced , engineers increased , and an artillery command and a divisional signals command were created . The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division ' s order of battle on April 4 , 1918 was as follows :
Chen - 4 bottom mine The Chen - 4 or Sinking - 4 ( 沉 - 4 , or Chen - 4 ) naval mine is a small Chinese bottom mine with non - contact fuse s . It was jointly developed by the 710th Research Institute of Chinese Shipbuilding and the Dongfeng Instrument Factory ( 东风仪表厂 ) . This mine is the bottom mine counterpart of the Drifting - 2 drifting mine , and like the latter , it can be disassembled for easy transportation then reassembled prior to being planted . Bottom Mine . A mine with negative buoyancy which remains on the seabed . Also called ground mine .
USS Texan ( ID - 1354 ) USS " Texan " ( ID - 1354 ) was a United States Navy cargo ship and troop transport in commission from 1918 to 1919 . " Texan " was built in 1902 at Camden , New Jersey , by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation as the passenger ship SS " Texan " for the American - Hawaiian Steamship Company . The United States Shipping Board acquired her on 18 March 1918 for World War I service and transferred her to the U . S . Navy at New York City the same day . Assigned the Naval Registry Identification Number ( ID . No . ) 1354 , she was commissioned as USS " Texan " on 23 March 1918 . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service after being refitted for naval service , " Texan " loaded general military supplies and departed on 9 April 1918 in a convoy for France . " Texan " arrived at Brest , France , on 24 April 1918 and , after discharging her cargo , began the return voyage to New York on 19 May 1918 . Upon her arrival there , she underwent voyage repairs and then loaded supplies , including 405 tons of ammunition and 10 locomotives destined for Marseilles , France . " Texan " departed with a convoy on 18 June 1918 and arrived at Marseilles on 7 July 1918 . " Texan " made another round - trip voyage to Marseilles in September 1918 and one to Le Verdon - sur - Mer , France , in November and December 1918 before returning to New York on 4 January 1919 . On 18 January 1919 , " Texan " was transferred to the Cruiser and Transport Force and began operating as a troop transport , bringing troops of the American Expeditionary Force home to the United States from France until 7 August 1919 , when she was reassigned to the 5th Naval District . " Texan " was decommissioned on 22 August 1919 and returned to the United States Shipping Board for return to the American Hawaiian Steamship Company . " Texan " returned to commercial service as SS " Texan " . During World War II she was on a commercial voyage when German submarine U - 126 torpedo ed , shelled and sank her off Cape San Antonio , Cuba , on 11 March 1942 . Nine men were lost , and 38 survived .
Dvigrad Dvigrad ( " Twin - town " ) , " Docastei " in Istriot language , is an abandoned medieval town in central Istria , Croatia . It is located in the Draga valley . The history of the settlement is prehistoric ; it remained inhabited until the 18th century . History . The region was settled by the Illyrians in prehistoric times . In 1345 , Dvigrad was sacked by the Genoese admiral Paganin Doria during conflicts between Genoa and Venice . The Venetians sacked the town in 1383 , but did not take rule of it until 1413 , when a nobleman from Koper was put in governance . In the 16th century , and malaria depopulated much of the town . In the year 1615 it was besieged again , by Uskok s , and while it escaped capture it was abandoned save for a few poor residents within 15 years . Only three families remained by 1650 . In 1714 , the last residents left the town to ruin . Present day . The Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South East Europe is attempting to preserve and reconstruct the town .
Yellow Cross ( chemical warfare ) Yellow Cross ( Gelbkreuz ) is a World War I chemical warfare agent usually based on sulfur mustard ( HS , Yperite , Lost ) . The original Gelbkreuz was a composition of 80 - 90 % of sulfur mustard and 10 - 20 % of tetrachloromethane or chlorobenzene as a solvent which lowered its viscosity and acted as an antifreeze , or , alternatively , 80 % sulfur mustard , 10 % bis ( chloromethyl ) ether , and 10 % tetrachloromethane . A later formulation , Gelbkreuz 1 , was a mixture of 40 % ethyldichloroarsine , 40 % ethyldibromoarsine , and 20 % of bis ( chloromethyl ) ether . In some cases nitrobenzene was used to mask the material ' s characteristic odor . French " ypérite no . 20 " was a similar mixture of 80 % sulfur mustard and 20 % tetrachloromethane . Yellow Cross is also a generic World War I German marking for artillery shells with chemical payload affecting exposed surfaces of the body .
David J . McCloud Lieutenant General David J . McCloud ( February 15 , 1945 – July 26 , 1998 ) was an American Air Force lieutenant general . His final assignment was as commander of Alaskan Command , 11th Air Force , and the Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command Region , headquartered at Elmendorf Air Force Base , Alaska . He grew up in Sun Valley , California and was a graduate of John H . Francis Polytechnic High School . He earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering from California State University , Northridge and a Master of Arts Degree in Management and Supervision from Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant . He entered the US Air Force in 1969 and was a distinguished graduate of Officer Training School , Lackland Air Force Base , Texas . He was a command pilot with more than 4 , 100 flying hours , principally in fighter aircraft . He died 26 July 1998 in Anchorage , Alaska , when the aircraft he was piloting crashed . He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Gerhard Pick Gerhard Pick ( 17 November 1910 – 11 May 1987 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Pick was captured by American troops in May 1945 and was held until July 1945 .
Thomas Whitham Thomas Whitham VC ( 11 May 1888 , Worsthorne , Lancashire – 22 October 1924 , Oldham ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . War service . On 25 January 1915 , Whitham enlisted in the British Army . He was 29 years old , and a private in the 1st Battalion , Coldstream Guards , during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 31 July 1917 at Pilckem near Ypres , Belgium , during an attack an enemy machine - gun was seen to be enfilading the battalion on the right . Private Whitham on his own initiative immediately worked his way from shell - hole to shell - hole through our own barrage , reached the machine - gun and , although under very heavy fire captured it , together with an officer and two other ranks . This bold action was of great assistance to the battalion and undoubtedly saved many lives . Post war . After the war he became a bricklayer but he struggled to find work . He was forced to sell his VC and a gold watch that had been presented to him by Burnley council in recognition of his bravery . Both ended up in a pawn shop but were rescued by the council and remain on display in the Towneley Hall Art Gallery & Museums in Burnley . Thomas died in poverty aged 36 . He was buried on 27 October 1924 at Wheatley Lane Inghamite Church . In 1952 a grave memorial was erected for him by the Coldstream Guards association . In 2008 , it was announced that Burnley Schools ' Sixth Form would be renamed Thomas Whitham Sixth Form . A grandson was professional footballer Jack Whitham .
Montenegro Armed Forces The Armed Forces of Montenegro is still acting in the process of Montenegrin independence since the mid - 2006 . Montenegro inherited a strong military force of the previous combination of Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro that separated from Serbia in 2006 . He announced plans to reduce the number of people from about 2500 . This force will be composed exclusively of volunteers . The conscription was abolished in August 30 of 2006 by the President of Montenegro , Filip Vujanović . It consists of the Montenegro Navy The Montenegro Army The Montenegro Air Force and the Montenegro Special Forces .
Ottoman Military College The Ottoman Military College or Ottoman Military Staff College ( " Mekteb - i Erkân - i Harbiye " or " Erkân - ı Harbiye Mektebi " ) or Ottoman Army War College , was a two year military staff college of the Ottoman Empire . It was located in Constantinople ( present day Istanbul ) . Its mission was to educate staff officers for the Ottoman Army . Graduates of the Ottoman Military College . 1st - 36th classes . 1st class ( graduated in July 1849 ) 2nd class ( graduated in 1851 ) 3rd class ( graduated in 1852 ) 4th class ( graduated in 1853 ) 5th class ( graduated in 1854 ) 6th class ( graduated in 1855 ) 7th class ( graduated in 1856 ) 8th class ( graduated in 1857 ) 9th class ( graduated in 1858 ) 37th - 54th classes . 46th class ( graduated on March 20 , 1894 ) 47th class ( graduated on March 13 , 1895 ) 48th class ( graduated on January 28 , 1896 ) 49th class ( graduated on March 16 , 1897 ) 50th class ( graduated on January 24 , 1898 ) 51st class ( graduated on December 25 , 1898 ) 52nd class ( graduated on January 17 , 1900 ) 53rd class ( graduated on February 2 , 1901 ) 54th class ( graduated on January 9 , 1902 ) 55th - 67th classes . 55th class ( graduated on December 5 , 1902 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 56th class ( graduated on January 4 , 1904 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 57th class ( graduated on January 11 , 1905 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 58th class ( graduated on November 5 , 1905 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 59th class ( graduated on September 20 , 1907 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 60th class ( graduated on September 20 , 1907 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 61st class ( graduated on August 24 , 1908 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 62nd class ( graduated on August 26 , 1909 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 63rd class ( graduated on August 13 , 1910 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 64th class ( graduated on July 28 , 1912 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 65th class ( graduated on July 28 , 1914 ) Staff ( " kurmay " ) officers Distinguished ( " mümtaz " ) officers 66th class ( graduated on October 4 , 1919 ) 67th class ( graduated on July 6 , 1920 )
List of countries by military expenditures This is a list of countries by military expenditures . The first list is based on the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ( SIPRI ) database which calculates military expenditures in 2009 ( in constant 2008 US $ ) . It also includes military expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product ( GDP ) in 2008 . The second list is based on the SIPRI Yearbook 2010 which includes a list on the world ' s top 15 military spenders in 2009 at current exchange rates . SIPRI Military Expenditure Database . This list is based on the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ( SIPRI ) Military Expenditure Database which calculates military expenditure data for 2009 ( in constant 2008 US $ m ) . It also includes military expenditure data as a percentage of gross domestic product ( GDP ) in 2008 . SIPRI Yearbook 2010 . The follow is a table of the top 15 countries with the highest military expenditure for 2009 published in the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ( SIPRI ) Yearbook 2010 using current market exchange rates in current ( 2009 ) US dollars . overestimates .
Short C - 23 Sherpa The Short C - 23 Sherpa is a small military transport aircraft built by Short Brothers . The C - 23A and C - 23B variants are variants of the Short 330 and the C - 23B + and C - 23C are variants of the Short 360 . Design and development . The Short 330 was developed by Short Brothers of Belfast from Short ' s earlier Short Skyvan STOL utility transport . The 330 had a longer wingspan and fuselage than the Skyvan , while retaining the Skyvan ' s square shaped fuselage cross section , allowing it to carry up to 30 passengers while retaining good short field characteristics . The 330 entered commercial service in 1976 . In addition to the passenger aircraft , Shorts also planned two freight versions . The first of these , the Short 330 - UTT ( for Utility Tactical Transport ) was a military transport version fitted with a strengthened cabin floor , and paratroop doors , which was sold in small numbers , primarily to Thailand , who purchased four . The Short Sherpa ( not to be confused with the earlier Short SB . 4 Sherpa experimental aircraft ) was a freighter fitted with a full width rear cargo door / ramp . This version first flew on 23 December 1982 , with the first order for 18 aircraft being placed by the United States Air Force in March 1983 . These aircraft were assigned to Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) for the European Distribution System Aircraft ( EDSA ) role , flying cargo and personnel between US Air Forces in Europe ( USAFE ) air bases . In U . S . military service , the Short 330 was designated the C - 23A Sherpa . The C - 23B Sherpa was similar to the C - 23A , but with cabin windows . The C - 23B + and C - 23C Short 360 derivatives were created by replacing the rear fuselage of Short 360s obtained on the second - hand market with the twin tail and rear loading ramp of the Short Sherpa . The C - 23 was produced at the Short Brothers ' facility in Belfast , Northern Ireland for the U . S . Dept . of Defense . Operational history . The C - 23A Sherpa entered USAF service in 1985 and continuing in use in the EDSA role until 1990 , when the EDSA role was disbanded . Six aircraft were passed to the United States Army , where they were used to support the Army National Guard , joining 10 new build C - 23B Sherpa aircraft . Other variants are C - 23B + and C - 23C . The C - 23 replaced the UV - 18 Twin Otter in U . S . service . The C - 23 is the only cargo plane operated by the U . S Army . During Iraq War , 2003 – present , the C - 23 has served the Army ' s intra - theater needs of cargo and personnel transport . It provides an economic alternative for transporting some 20 people or 3 pallets of cargo when speed is not critical . On 13 June 2007 , the Alenia C - 27J was selected to replace the C - 23 in US Army service . A total of 43 C - 23s were in service with the US Army as of November 2008 .