naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Houston ( AK - 1 ) USS Houston ( AK - 1 ) was a cargo ship acquired by the U . S . Navy for service in World War I . During World War II , she served as a commercial cargo ship under charter to the United States Lines by the War Shipping Administration . Acquiring a scuttled German freighter . The first Navy ship to be named " Houston " , " AK - 1 " was the former German freighter SS " Liebenfels " , built by Bremer Vulcan , Vegesack , Germany , in 1903 . Operated by the Hansa Line , she arrived Charleston , South Carolina , in August 1914 , and remained there until 1 February 1917 , when her German crew scuttled her . Finding her sunk and abandoned , U . S . authorities set about to raise the ship and took her to Charleston Navy Yard for refitting 20 March 1917 . She commissioned as " Houston " ( AK - 1 ) 3 July 1917 , Lt . Comdr . W . H . Lee , USNRF commanding . World War I North Atlantic operations . Assigned to the transport service , " Houston " departed Charleston 11 July , loaded coal and oil at Hampton Roads , and joined a convoy sailing from New York 7 August 1917 . She arrived Brest 25 August and subsequently made four voyages to and from New York transporting such valuable cargoes as radio equipment , trucks , airplanes , and general supplies . Returning to New York 18 November , the ship was assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , and made four more voyages between the East and West coasts of the United States , departing on the first of these 15 December 1918 from New York . Until her return to New York 14 April 1921 " Houston " carried coal , ordnance , lumber , and general supplies between the coasts in support of the Navy ' s two - ocean operations . Post - war assignment to the Pacific . " Houston " was next assigned to trans - $ 3 duty . She sailed from New York 4 May , took on cargo at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and Norfolk , and steamed by way of San Francisco , California , Pearl Harbor and Guam to Manila , arriving 22 October 1921 . The ship departed Cavite 16 November , and arrived San Francisco 11 January 1922 . Decommissioning . " Houston " decommissioned 23 March 1922 and was sold 27 September 1922 to Frank M . Warren of Portland , Oregon , and was renamed SS " North King " in 1923 . She was sold to Campania Diana de Vapores S . A . , Panama , date unknown . When the U . S . went to war during World War II , she was chartered by the War Shipping Administration ( WSA ) from Campania Diana de Vapores S . A . , 30 December 1941 , at New York , New York . She was then transferred to United States Lines Co . for operation , 30 December 1941 . At war ’ s end , she was returned to Campania Diana de Vapores S . A . , 26 February 1946 , at New York , New York . Final disposition : scrapped , circa 1957 . Military awards and honors . " Houston ’ s " crew members were authorized the following medals :
Colin R . McMillan Colin Riley McMillan ( July 27 , 1935 – July 24 , 2003 ) was an Assistant United States Secretary of Defense under President George H . W . Bush during the Gulf War . He was awaiting confirmation as United States Secretary of the Navy in 2003 when he died from an apparently gunshot wound in the head at his New Mexico ranch . McMillan was the chairman and CEO of Permian Exploration Corporation , an oil exploration company , the chairman of the First Federal Savings Bank in Roswell , New Mexico , and the founder and CEO of McMillan Production Company . He was appointed in 2001 to be the chairman of the Sallie Mae Corporation by President George W . Bush . McMillan earned his bachelor ' s degree from the University of North Carolina in 1957 . He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1957 to 1960 and in the Marine Corps Reserve from 1960 to 1972 . McMillan served in the New Mexico House of Representatives from 1971 through 1982 . He ran for the United States Senate seat in New Mexico in 1994 but lost to incumbent Democrat Jeff Bingaman by a 54 % to 46 % margin . In 2000 , McMillan was the New Mexico state chairman of George W . Bush ' s successful presidential campaign . Colin McMillan was survived by his wife Kay and their four children and eight grandchildren .
19th Infantry Division Venezia The 19th Infantry Division Venezia was an Italian infantry division that served within the Italian Army and later the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II , after which it was disbanded . Formed originally as the 19th Infantry Division " Gavinana , it served in the Second Italo - Abyssinian War and was reorganized as the 19th Infantry Division " Venezia prior to the start of World War II . The " Venezia " was mobilized in May 1939 , for the invasion of Albania and later took part in the Battle of Greece . It was stationed in Yugoslavia for the remainder of the war as an occupation force . When Italy capitulated in September 1943 , the division was included in the Yugoslav Partisans and went on to fight against the Axis as the " Garibaldi " Division . Order of battle . 19th Infantry Division " Gavninana "
Changi Naval Base Changi Naval Base ( CNB ) is the latest naval facility of the Republic of Singapore Navy ( RSN ) and was built to replace Brani Naval Base . Located about 1 . 5 kilometres east of Changi Air Base ( East ) and 3 . 5 kilometres east of Singapore Changi Airport , the base was built on 1 . 28 km² ( 0 . 50 sq mi ) of reclaimed land , it was officially opened on 21 May 2004 by Goh Chok Tong , the second prime minister of Singapore . Overview . Its 6 . 2 km ( 3 . 9 mi ) berthing space can accommodate an aircraft carrier and is often used by visiting ships of the Royal Navy as part of the Five Powers Defence Arrangements and United States Navy ( USN ) , as a result of the signing of the addendum to the 1990 United States - Singapore Memorandum of Understanding in 10 November 1990 , which formalised arrangements for USN ships to use CNB facilities . The Straits Times stated in an editorial that : Design . Automation was incorporated into the design of CNB to reduce manpower requirements . It has an automated underground ammunition depot that allows ammunition to be loaded onto the ships and an automated warehouse system to store items . The base has a fibre optic broadband network for information management . The base was also designed to be environment - friendly , with three small - scale wind turbines powering the 50 lights along the breakwaters at night . Conventional roof construction materials were substituted by 72 thin film solar panels and the solar energy generated lights 100 downlight s in the base . Seawater is used in the air - conditioning system , saving about 35 , 000 m³ ( equivalent to 20 Olympic - sized pools ) of potable water annually . Deployment . Currently , the submarines , frigates , amphibious transport docks and missile gunboats are based at CNB . Co - located in CNB is the Changi Naval Training Base , also known as RSS " Panglima " - named in honour of the first ship of the navy .
Grampus - class submarine The Grampus " - class submarines were a group of minelaying submarine s built for the Royal Navy in the late 1930s . These boats are sometimes referred to as the Porpoise " class from the single prototype , HMS " Porpoise " built in 1932 . Five boats to a modified design were built between 1936 and 1938 . The ships were all named after marine mammals . Design . The mines were stored in a special " gallery " with a conveyor belt built into the outer casing as pioneered by the converted . These boats were of a saddle tank type . Service . They were used extensively in the Mediterranean , particularly to supply the besieged island of Malta in a service nicknamed the " magic carpet " . Only one , HMS " Rorqual " , survived the war .
209th Coastal Division ( Italy ) The 209th Coastal Division was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The division was located in the Puglia coastal region of Italy . Coastal divisions , were second line units , usually formed from men in their forties and fifties and intended to perform labour and second line duties . Recruited locally , they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement . Their equipment was also second rate . The Prime Minister of Italy , Benito Mussolini , had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army , but this had often been sabotaged of arrived with no ammunition . References .
Alfred Flaxman Alfred Edward Flaxman ( 1 October 1879 – 1 July 1916 ) was a British track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics . He was born in Wombwell , South Yorkshire and was killed in action in Gommecourt , Pas - de - Calais , France . In 1908 , he participated in the discus throw competition , in the Greek discus throw event , in the freestyle javelin throw competition , and in the standing high jump event but in all these competitions his final ranking is unknown . Flaxman was killed in action during the First World War , serving as a second lieutenant with the South Staffordshire Regiment on the first day of the Battle of the Somme . His remains were not recovered and he is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial .
Battle of Płowce The Battle of Płowce took place on 27 September 1331 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order . Battle . The Teutonic Order attempted to take Brześć Kujawski after standing all day in the sun . The German army from the Teutonic Order had 7 , 000 men , and was opposed by a Polish army of 5 , 000 men . On 27 September 1331 , one - third of the Teutonic Order ' s force of knight s under Dietrich von Altenburg left the blockaded peasant town of Płowce . The Poles , under Władyslaw Łokietek ( Władysław I the Elbow - high ) and his son Casimir , immediately attacked in a frontal assault . They were immediately joined by Polish detachments hiding in a forest to the left of the town . Reportedly , during the first phase of the battle Prince Casimir was ordered to depart so as not to deprive the Polish Kingdom of the presumptive heir . Despite this , in three hours the Teutonic knights had been defeated and their leader captured . The Polish forces were victorious in this phase of the battle , took prisoner 56 knights , and freed many Polish captives . However , upon hearing the sounds of battle from Płowce , rear elements of the German formations rushed to aid their fellow knights , and soon another third of the Teutonic Order ' s forces arrived . The long and bloody battle resumed and continued until dark , with high casualties on both sides . Poland scored a clear victory , with Reuss von Plauen , commander of the German army , and another 40 knights taken prisoner by the Poles . After fleeing Płowce , the knights withdrew to Toruń ( Thorn ) . Despite the Polish victory on the field , the battle is traditionally regarded as inconclusive given that the Teutonic Order was not destroyed . Nevertheless , it was an important battle for Poland , which was just regaining its stature as a country on the international scene , and held its own against a powerful military force . Aftermath . An estimated over 4 , 000 men ( combined ) were said to have fallen on the field of the battle . Of these , 73 were Knight Brothers of the Teutonic Order ( the highest - ranking members of the Order ) . Over one half of the dead were Germans , who had to retreat back to Toruń , their death toll climbing to one third of all their knights taking part in the war . The Polish armies , also suffering heavy casualties , did not follow the retreating Germans .
23rd Field Regiment , RCA The 23rd Field Regiment ( SP ) , RCA , was part of the 4th Canadian Armoured Division of the 2nd Canadian Corps , of the 1st Canadian Army in World War II . Formation . The 23rd Field Regiment ( SP ) was part of the Royal Canadian Artillery ( RCA ) and an order was issued in April 1942 to mobilize an HQ Battery and three separate gun batteries . From May to July 1942 , the three batteries formed up at the Canadian Artillery Training Centre A2 ( CATC A2 ) in Petawawa , Ontario . The ( SP ) in the regiment ' s name denotes that it was a self - propelled artillery regiment . The regiment trained in Canada from May 1942 to July 1943 and in England from July 1943 to July 1944 , then went into action in France on 26 July 1944 , seven weeks after D - Day . The regiment participated in the breakout campaign , on the " Green Up – Maple Leaf Up " route from Normandy , France , into Belgium and the Netherlands , and they ended action in Germany . The regiment ' s three batteries . The three batteries that made up the 23rd Field Regiment were : Regiment ' s activities in the Second World War . Action in Belgium . September – October 1944 – activity in areas of Leysele , St . Riquiers , southwest of Bruges / Brugge just west of Den Daelo , Holding of the Leopold , Canal de Ghent , Boerbrugge , Oedelem , Syssele , over Leopold Canal , Cliet , Balgerhoek , Eecloo , Caprycke , Bouchante , Assenede , Sas van Gent , Philippe , north - west of Maldegem , near Balgerhoek , Eecloo , via Ghent to Antwerp , north of Schildt , Operation Suitcase , Putte , Pont Heuvel , Wildert near Roosendaal Canal and Wousche Plantage . Action in Netherlands . October 1944 to February 1945 – activity in areas of Spillebeek , Heimolen , Bergen - op - Zoom , Halsteren , Steenbergen , Dinteloord , Willemstad , Halsteren , end of Operation Suitcase , Roosendaal , Breda , Tilburg , Vught , east of ' s - Hertogenbosch , ( 31st at Nulands , 83rd at Rosmalen and 36th in between ) , Boxtel , 36th in Gemonde , Hedikuizen , Breda area , 36th to St . Philipsland Peninsula , Operation Trojan , ( simulate crossing of the Maas ) , Operation Schultz ( intention of getting prisoners from other side of the river ) , Sprang north - east of Tilburg , s ' Hertogenbosch , Vught and then off to Germany on 22 February 1945 . Action in Germany . February , March 1945 — activity in areas of Hau ( near Cleve ) , Operation Blockbuster , Louisendorf , Keppeln , Uedemerbruch , The Hochwald Gap , Sonsbeck , Veen , Xanten , Winnenthal and headed back to Netherlands on 12 March 1945 . Rest in the Netherlands . 12 to 22 March 1945 – In Tilburg for rest period . Action in Germany . March 1945 – activity in areas of Huibsberden ( practically on banks of the Rhine ) , Operation Plunder , Emmerich and Rees near Millingen ( across Rhine ) . Action in Netherlands . 2 – 4 April 1945 – activity in areas between Gelselaar and Diepenheim , Twente Canal , Wegdam and north of Delden .
GAU - 7 cannon The Ford - Philco GAU - 7 / A was an abortive program initiated by United States Air Force in the late 1960s to develop a new cannon to replace the M61 Vulcan on the then - upcoming F - 15 Eagle . The GAU - 7 / A was a 25 mm Gatling gun using telescoped ammunition with a combustible case . It was intended to have greater range and hitting power than the 20 mm Vulcan , while the caseless ammunition would have alleviated the problems of either storing or ejecting spent cartridges , both of which present considerable problems for jet aircraft . Despite great expenditure , the project and its ammunition proved to be a failure , and it was canceled in 1974 . The F - 15 therefore retained the M61A1 cannon , as have most U . S . fighter aircraft since 1956 .
Third - generation warfare Third generation warfare is a term created by the U . S . military in 1989 , referring to the tactics of warfare used after the Wehrmacht ' s development of the blitzkrieg . Third generation war focuses on using speed and surprise to bypass the enemy ' s lines and collapse their forces from the rear . Essentially , this was the end of linear warfare on a tactical level , with units seeking not simply to meet each other face to face but to outmaneuver each other to gain the greatest advantage . History . The use of blitzkrieg during the German invasion of France first demonstrated the power of speed and maneuverability over static artillery positions and trench defenses . Through the use of tank s , mechanized infantry , and close air support , the Germans were able to quickly break through linear defenses and capture the rear . The emphasis on maneuvering and speed to bypass enemy engagement remains a common strategy throughout the world , and collapsing an enemy ' s defenses by striking at deeper targets is — in a somewhat different way — a major strategy in fourth generation warfare . Contributions to warfare . The contributions of the third generation were based on the concept of overcoming technological disadvantage through the use of clever strategy . As linear fighting came to an end , new ways of moving faster began to appear . The emphasis on cavalry moved from heavy armor to greater speed , the development of the helicopter allowed insertions in hostile territory , and advanced missile technology allowed forces to bypass enemy defenses and strike at targets from great distances . The speed inherent in these methods necessitated a greater degree of independence allowed to the units on the front lines . Greater trust needed to be placed in junior officers commanding sub - units by higher - ranking officers - a belief that they could adequately achieve their objectives without micromanagement from higher ranking commanders in command headquarters . Smaller units were allowed greater decision flexibility to deal with changing situations on the ground , rather than have decisions made for them by commanders who were distant from the front . This began to break down the regimented culture of order that was so important in previous theoretical eras of military command and control .
John Joseph Shute Colonel Sir John Joseph Shute , CMG , DSO , TD , JP , DL ( 1873 – 13 September 1948 ) was a volunteer soldier , businessman and Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom . Career . His business career saw him acting as a partner in various Liverpool - based firms of cotton brokers . Military career . In 1896 he was promoted to lieutenant in the 1st Volunteer Battalion , King ' s ( Liverpool ) Regiment , and in 1900 to captain . The 1st Volunteer Battalion became the 5th Battalion on the establishment of the Territorial Force in 1908 . Shute transferred to the 5th with many of his colleagues . He served in the unit during the First World War , reaching the rank of Lieutenant - Colonel and being awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) , the Territorial Decoration ( TD ) and in the 1918 King ' s Birthday Honours he was made a Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George ( CMG ) for his military services . He remained in the TA after the war , being promoted to Colonel in 1923 . He retired in 1930 . Political career . He was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Liverpool Exchange at a by - election in 1933 following the death of the Conservative MP Sir James Reynolds . Shute was re - elected in 1935 , and held the seat until his narrow defeat at the 1945 general election by the Labour Party candidate Bessie Braddock . Honours . In 1921 he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for the County Palatine of Lancaster . He was knight ed in the New Year Honours , 1935 , " for political , public and social services in Lancashire , particularly in Liverpool " . In 1938 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of a sub - unit of the Royal Army Service Corps , reliquishing the appointment in 1948 .
Keith Dayton Lieutenant General Keith W . Dayton , ( b . 1949 ) United States Army , is the director of the George C . Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Garmisch - Partenkirchen , Germany . Dayton completed his term as the U . S . Security Coordinator for Israel - Palestinian Authority in Tel Aviv , Israel in October 2010 . He has also served as the Director of the Iraq Survey Group , as a senior member of the Joint Staff , and as U . S . Defense Attache in the U . S . Embassy in Moscow , Russia . Career Summary . After graduating from the College of William & Mary in 1970 , Lt . Gen . Dayton was immediately commissioned as an artillery officer through the Reserve Officer Training Corps . Prior to his current assignment , he spent 37 years in a variety of command and staff assignments , most recently serving as the director of the Iraq Survey Group during Operation Iraqi Freedom and as Director of Strategy , Plans and Policy , Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff , G - 3 , United States Army , before his current assignment as U . S . Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority . Other key assignments include deputy director for Politico - Military Affairs , Joint Staff ; United States Defense Attaché , Moscow , Russia ; senior Army fellow on the Council on Foreign Relations , New York ; commander , Division Artillery , 3rd Infantry Division ( Mechanized ) , Germany ; and commander , 4th Battalion , 29th Field Artillery ; 8th Infantry Division ( Mechanized ) , Germany . He has written many technical articles over the course of his career , as well as was one of the co - authors of The Future of NATO : Facing an Unreliable Enemy in an Uncertain Environment , a study on the future of NATO published in 1991 . Lt . Gen . Dayton served five years as the United States Security Coordinator ( USSC ) for Israel and the Palestinian Authority . His leadership of the USSC team included overseeing the training of Palestinian Authority forces . He left Israel in October 2010 and retired from the military in December 2010 .
Nichols ' Regiment of Militia Nichols ' Regiment of Militia also known as the 5th New Hampshire Militia Regiment was called up on July 21 , 1777 at Winchester , New Hampshire for Gen . John Stark ' s Brigade gathering at Charlestown , New Hampshire during the Saratoga Campaign . Nichols ' Regiment moved to the rear of Friedrich Baum ' s redoubt and assaulted from behind ( west ) as Stickney ' s , Hale ' s and Hobart ' s assaulted from the front ( east ) and Simonds ' attacked from the south during the Battle of Bennington . Nichols ' Regiment would continue on in Stark ' s Brigade to cut off British Gen . John Burgoyne from retreat or supply after the Battle of Freeman ' s Farm . Nichols ' Regiment would also take part in Gen . John Sullivan ' s campaign in Rhode Island in 1778 . The regiment also served as part of the garrison of West Point during the year of 1780 , during which time Benedict Arnold attempted to sell the post to the British .