naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( VJCS ) is by law the second highest - ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch , with the exception of the Chairman , but does not have operational command authority over their service branches . The Goldwater – Nichols Act of 1986 created the position of VJCS to assist the Chairman in exercising his duties . In the absence of the Chairman , the Vice Chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and all other duties prescribed under and may also perform other duties that the President , the Chairman , or the Secretary of Defense prescribes . Although the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious , neither the Vice Chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces . The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Command s . The Vice Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate . The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force service branch . However , the President may waive that restriction for a limited period of time in order to provide for the orderly transition of officers appointed to serve in those positions . The Vice Chairman serves a two - year term of office at the pleasure of the President , but can be reappointed to serve two additional terms for a total of six years . In case of times of war or nation emergency , there is no limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Vice Chairman . Historically , the Vice Chairman has served two terms . By statute , the Vice Chairman is appointed as a four - star general or admiral . The positional color ( flag ) of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly . Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally , in proper colors . The talons grasp three crossed arrows . A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle ’ s breast . Diagonally , from upper fly to lower hoist are four five - pointed stars , medium blue on the white , two above the eagle , and two below . The fringe is yellow ; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white . The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987 .
Canon de 24 de Vallière The Canon de 24 de Vallière was a type of cannon designed by the French officer Florent - Jean de Vallière ( 1667 - 1759 ) , Director - General of the Battalions and Schools of the Artillery . The cannon was a result of the Royal Ordonnance of October 7 , 1732 , edicted to reorganize and standardize the King ' s artillery . Whereas numerous formats and designs had been in place in the French army , De Vallière standardized the French sizes in artillery pieces , by allowing only for the production of 24 , 12 , 8 and 4 pound guns , mortars of 13 and 9 inches , and stone - throwing mortars of 16 inches . The 24 - pdr was the largest caliber available to French artillery in this system . The cannon used core drilling of the bore of cannons founded in one piece of bronze , a method developed at that time by Jean Maritz , which allowed for much higher precision of the bore shape and surface , and therefore higher shooting efficiency . As with other de Valliere guns , the 24 - pdr was also highly decorated and contained numerous designs and inscriptions . Front part . Starting with the front part , the gun had a sight design at it extremity . The followed the name of the gun ( here " Uranie " ) . Then , a Latin phrase " Ultima Ratio Regum " , initially introduced by Louis XIV , and rather descriptive of the role of the gun : " The Last Argument of the King " . Under that appears the name " Louis Charles de Bourbon , Comte d ' Eu , Duc d ' Aumale " , the " Grand Maître de l ' artillerie de France " ( Grand Master of the Artillery of France ) , followed by a royal emblem . In the middle of the cannon are trunnions , used to position the gun in place and elevate or depress it . On top of the trunnions are dolphin - shaped ornaments , which are used in lifting the gun . Back part . The back part consists in , sometimes , an inscription showing the weight of the cannon ball ( for example a " 4 " for a 4 - pounder ) , followed by a Latin inscription " " Nec pluribus impar " " , meaning that the King is " Not unequal to many ( suns ) " . This is followed by the royal crest of the Bourbon dynasty . At the bottom of the gun , the location and date of manufacture are inscribed ( in the example " Strasbourg , 1745 " ) , and finally the name and title of the founder ( in the example " Fondu par Jean Maritz , Commissaire des Fontes de France " ) . The cascabel is decorated with an animal face showing the rating of the gun ( the lion head for a 24 - pounder ) .
Air - to - air combat losses between the USSR and U . S . Through the history , there have been many instances of air to air combat between the Soviet Union and the United States . Korean War . During the Korean War formally the air forces did not meet , as the Soviet Union was not a combatant in the conflict . In August 1945 the USSR declared war on Japan and commenced their offensive campaigns against the Japanese Army . Moving into Japanese occupied Korea , the Soviets gained a foothold in that region , ultimately making it North Korea , and an ally to the Soviet Union . Nearly 72 , 000 Soviet personnel served in North Korea and their presence was suppressed by both the Soviet and American governments ; air dogfight s between USSR and US pilots were numerous . The Soviets flew planes that had Chinese or North Korean markings and were initially forbidden from speaking in Russian over the airwaves , but the ban was soon lifted due to obvious problems of using Korean to communicate in critical battle situations . Vietnam War . Unlike North Korea , China invaded French Indochina ( Vietnam ) in 1945 to regain the region from the occupying Japanese military in 1945 at the end of World War II . Unable to gain a foothold in North Vietnam , as they had done in North Korea , the Soviet s were highly restricted in conducting military functions in North Vietnam . Student North Vietnamese MiG pilots were sent to China and the Soviet Union for up to three years for training . Student North Vietnamese SAM operators were sent to the USSR for about 6 to 9 months for training . Soviet and Chinese Communist pilots were restricted to test flying MiGs which had been exported to North Vietnam from their countries . Due to the urgency brought on by Operation Rolling Thunder , and until North Vietnamese missilemen could be trained , Soviet PVO SAM Anti - Aircraft Missile operator / instructors were quickly deployed to North Vietnam in 1965 , and through 1966 were responsible for downing approximately 48 US aircraft during the course of defending North Vietnam . Cold War . During the Cold War many nations including the Soviet Union and the United States were fiercely protective of their respective airspace . Aircraft who entered an opposing nation ' s airspace were often shot down in air - to - air combat . The incidents produced a heightened sense of paranoia on both sides that resulted in the downing a number of innocent civilian craft . Table lists air combat losses outside of the war zones , such as Korean War or Vietnam War . It does not include losses to ground - based defenses , and it does not include civilian aircraft .
USS Caswell ( AKA - 72 ) USS " Caswell " ( AKA - 72 ) was a of the United States Navy named after Caswell County , North Carolina . Like all AKAs , " Caswell " was designed to carry military cargo and landing craft , and to use the latter to land weapons , supplies , and Marines on enemy shores during amphibious operations . She served as a commissioned ship for 18 months . " Caswell " , a Type C2 - S - AJ3 ship , was launched on 24 October 1944 by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co . , Wilmington , North Carolina , under a Maritime Commission contract ; sponsored by Mrs . W . H . Williamson ; acquired by the Navy on 27 November 1944 ; and commissioned on 13 December 1944 , Lieutenant Commander P . M . Diffley , USNR , in command . Service history . World War II , 1944 – 1945 . " Caswell " cleared Bayonne , New Jersey , on 16 January 1945 for the Panama Canal and Guadalcanal , arriving on 14 February . A month of training preceded her departure combat - loaded for the Okinawa beaches . Sailing with the Northern Attack Force , " Caswell " arrived for the initial landings on 1 April , and remained off the beaches for the next week , landing cargo to support the 6th Marines in their rapid advance across the Motobu Peninsula . The skillful work of her men made an important contribution to this success , and she cleared Okinawa on 9 April for overhaul and replenishment at Pearl Harbor . Post - war activities , 1945 – 1946 . Returning to the West Coast , " Caswell " loaded cargo for Okinawa , where she arrived on 5 August to begin a series of cargo and troop movements throughout the Far East , calling at ports in the Philippines , China , and Japan until 7 December , when she cleared Sasebo for San Diego . Between 23 February and 2 May 1946 , " Caswell " carried cargo from San Francisco to China . Decommissioning . Returning to Norfolk , Virginia , she was decommissioned on 19 June 1946 . " Caswell " was returned to the Maritime Commission two days later . Civilian Service and Final Disposition . Ex - USS " Caswell " was sold on 23 June 1947 to the South Atlantic Steamship Line and renamed SS " Southwind " and served under that name for about 12 years . She was sold to United States Lines sometime in 1955 and later renamed by that company SS " American Surveyor " ( 18 May 1961 ) . After a little more than two years , she was returned to the Maratime Administration for layup in the James River Group of the National Defense Reserve Fleet . On 10 August 1973 she was sold to Northern Metal Company for ' non - transportation use ' and ( presumably ) scrapped shortly thereafter . Awards . " Caswell " received one battle star for World War II service .
7th Infantry Regiment ( Estonia ) The 7th Infantry Regiment , was one of the two fast deployment border - covering Estonian regiments created during the Estonian War of Independence , which lasted till the Soviet occupation of Estonia . The main task of these regiments was to delay the invading forces on the borders in order to win more time for the mobilization to be carried out . History . The " 7th Infantry Regiment " staff was based in Võru and Petseri . The unit was made up by mainly active duty soldiers and officers . Order of battle . The 7th Infantry Regiment peacetime strength was a total 1714 soldiers and 80 horses . The unit order of battle in 1939 :
Rogers Airfield Rogers Airfield ( also known as 30 - Mile Drome ) is a former World War II airfield near Port Moresby , Papua New Guinea . It was part of a multiple - airfield complex in the Port Moresby area , located north - west of Port Moresby by air , near Rorona ( also spelled Rarona ) . On November 15 , 1942 , the airfield was named in honor of Major Floyd " Buck " W . Rogers ( C . O . of 3rd BG , 8th BS ) who was KIA flying A - 24 41 - 15797 . History . Rogers Airfield was built by American forces in mid - 1942 , and in use by the first week of June . The airfield served as both a crash strip and also based aircraft for short periods in the early stages of the war . Known units based at Rogers were : After the war Rogers Field was used as a small commercial airport by Air Niugini . It ' s commercial use ended in the 1960s and today the airfield is unusued .
Shohatsu - class landing craft The Shohatsu ( 小発 ) or 10m landing craft was a small landing craft used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . It was used for landing personnel and stores . It was built of steel and had a single bow with no landing ramp . It was also carried by destroyers and smaller vessels as a cargo boat . References . < br >
MV British Motorist ( 1924 ) MV " British Motorist " was a 6 , 891 ton tanker , built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson , Newcastle upon Tyne in 1924 for the British Tanker Company . While under charter to the merchant navy , she was in port in Darwin , Australia when on 19 February 1942 , she was hit by two bombs during the Japanese air raid on Darwin and was sunk , resting in of water . She had been carrying oil , aviation fuel and petrol and was refueling when the raid commenced . Two of her crew were killed out of 61 in the initial attack : the master Gilbert C . Bates and 2nd Radio Operator James H . Webster . In 1959 – 1960 , she was salvaged by Fujita Salvage Company , with the fore and aft sections of the hull welded together while the engine room was left , as it was too heavy to refloat . The welded fore and aft was towed back to Japan and broken up . What remains of " British Motorist " lies in Darwin Harbour at position .
Operation Dragon Fire East Baghdad Soldiers and Iraqi Security Forces moved clearing operations into the East Rashid security district of southern Baghdad 26 May 2007 , detaining three suspected insurgents and finding two weapons caches . The operation , known as Dragon Fire East , includes approximately 2 , 000 U . S Army Soldiers from the 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team , 1st Infantry Division and 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team , 2nd Infantry Division . They are joined in the operation by Iraqi troops from the 7th Brigade , 2nd Iraqi National Police Division . During the first hours of Operation Dragon Fire East , 3 - 2nd SBCT Soldiers discovered a cache which contained six 57mm projectiles rigged as two separate improvised explosive devices ; two additional 57mm rounds ; a 60mm mortar ; a 130mm round and a concrete block hollowed out to fit a 130mm projectile . A search at another location revealed 2 , 000 loose rounds of 7 . 62 ammunition , two rocket - propelled grenade launchers with seven sights , one roll of white double - strand wire used for fabricating IEDs and one AK - 47 assault rifle . Soldiers found and destroyed one IED , as well . The three suspected terrorists detained during the operation were held for further questioning . Military Units . The military Units known to be involved in this operation were Iraqi Units . 7th Brigade , 2nd Iraqi National Police Division .
Conspicuous Service Cross ( Australia ) The Conspicuous Service Cross ( authorised Post - nominal letters CSC ) is a decoration ( medal ) of the Australian Honours System . The CSC is awarded only for outstanding devotion to duty , or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills , judgment or dedication , in non - warlike situations . Since its inception 731 had been awarded as at 30 June 2010 . All ranks are eligible for the award .
Innis P . Swift Innis Palmer Swift ( February 7 , 1882 – November 3 , 1953 ) was a Major General in the United States Army . He was the grandson and namesake of Civil War Major General Innis Newton Palmer , as well as the grandson of Brigadier General Ebenezer Swift . His four decades of military service culminated in his commanding a unit during the liberation of the Philippines in World War II . Early life and career . Swift was born at Fort Laramie , Wyoming , the son of Major General Eben Swift and Susan Palmer . He graduated from West Point in 1904 and was commissioned in the cavalry . He served as aide - de - camp to General John J . Pershing in the Philippines and then served in Mexico . While a First Lieutenant commanding C Troop , 13th Cavalry , he accompanied First Lieutenant George S . Patton on the hunt for Julio Cardenas , commander of Pancho Villa ' s personal bodyguard . During World War I he served as Assistant Chief of Staff for the 86th Division . Swift attended the Army Command and General Staff School , graduating in 1923 , and remained at the school as faculty until 1929 . He subsequently attended the Army War College and the Army Industrial College In 1940 he was promoted to Brigadier General , and in 1941 to Major General and placed in command of the 1st Cavalry Division and Fort Bliss . He participated in the Louisiana Maneuvers , where he coined the nickname used by army light observation aircraft when he told a pilot after a bumpy landing , " You looked just like a damn grasshopper ! " World War II . He transitioned the division from horse cavalry to essentially an infantry division , though it retained " Cavalry " in the name . He took his division to Australia in July 1942 and remained in command through the Admiralty Islands campaign after which he was reassigned to command I Corps . He was the oldest U . S . Corps commander to serve in World War II . After the war he remained a close personal friend of Douglas MacArthur . Private life and death . Swift married the former Lucille G . Paddock and the couple had four daughters . After retiring in 1946 he lived in San Antonio . He retained interest in his old command , staying active in the 1st Cavalry Division Association and avidly following the division ' s activity in Korea . He died at Brooke Army Hospital after a heart attack and was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery .
USS Chenango ( 1863 ) The USS " Chenango " was a side - wheel steamer in the service of the United States Navy during the American Civil War . " Chenango " was launched on 19 March 1863 by J . Simonson , Greenpoint , New York ; outfitted at New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned on 29 February 1864 , Lieutenant Commander T . S . Fillebrown in command . The " Chenango " , the first Navy ship of the name , was named after the Chenango river , county , and town in New York State . Boiler explosion on initial cruise . Assigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron , " Chenango " left New York City for Hampton Roads , Virginia on 15 April 1864 . Before she reached the open sea , one of her boilers exploded , fatally scalding 33 men . A raging fire was brought under control and extinguished by the courageous work of her crew , and the ship was towed back to New York for repairs . Placed out of commission on 21 April 1864 , " Chenango " was ready for action and re - commissioned on 1 February 1865 . Blockade duties . Sailing from New York on 17 February 1865 , " Chenango " joined her Squadron at Charleston , South Carolina , on the 20th , and until May played an important part in the closing phases of the Squadron ' s long and successful efforts to keep the Confederacy cut off from overseas supply , one of the Navy ' s great contributions to Union victory . She operated in the Charleston area as well as along the Georgia coast , and on 25 February captured the blockade runner " Elvira " , laden with cotton and tobacco . Twice she performed reconnaissance , and on 9 March she engaged a Southern force at Brown ' s Ferry on the Black River . One of her men was wounded in this exchange of fire . Decommissioning . " Chenango " cleared Charleston on 16 May 1865 , towing the armed steamer to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where she arrived on 20 May , was decommissioned on 1 July 1865 , and sold 28 October 1868 .
Two - star rank An officer of two - star rank is a senior commander in many of the armed services holding a rank described by the NATO code of OF - 7 . The term is also used by some armed forces which are not NATO members . Typically , two - star officers hold the rank of rear admiral , counter admiral , major general , or in the case of those air forces with a separate rank structure , air vice - marshal . Canadian two - maple - leaves ranks . Rather than stars , the Canadian Forces insignia use maple leaves . The maple leaves appear with St . Edward ' s crown and crossed sabre and baton . Before unification , air vice marshal was the two - star rank for the RCAF . USSR / Russian Federation . In the Russian and Soviet armies , the equivalent two - star rank is major general ( Russian : " генерал - майор " ' ) , although the insignia is a single star . This also applies to the Air Force , MVD , police , FSB and some others . In the navy , the equivalent rank is rear admiral .
2nd Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry Regiment The 2nd Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It was mustered in at Fort Snelling , Minnesota . for three year ' s service on December 5 , 1863 , and were mustered out on November 17 , 1865 , and May 4 , 1866 . The 2nd Minnesota Cavalry served entirely in Minnesota and the Dakota Territory , guarding the frontier against the Sioux Indians . Casualties and total strength . The 2nd Minnesota Cavalry had 4 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds received in battle and an additional 3 officers and 56 enlisted men died of disease . Total fatalities were 63 . See also . List of Minnesota Civil War Units
HMS Rhyl ( F129 ) HMS " Rhyl " was a " Rothesay " or Type 12I class anti - submarine frigate of the British Royal Navy , launched by Lady Macmillan on 23 February 1959 and commissioned in October 1960 . Following Royal Navy service she was sunk as a target in 1985 . Operational Service . Following commissioning in 1960 " Rhyl " served in the Far East , mediterranean , East Africa and was leader of the 23rd Frigate Squadron by the time she attended Portsmouth Navy Days in 1965 . She served , along with HMS Ark Royal and HMS Lowestoft on the first Biera patrol and then in 1966 - 7 served in the Mediterranean as Captain D 23rd Escort Squadron with squadron elements HMS Lowestoft ( half leader ) , HMS Dainty and HMS Defender . HMS Rhyl returned to UK waters in 1967 to become Captain D Home Fleet , eventually decommissioning in Plymouth to undergo a major refit to upgrade to a Leander like specification .
Leotychidas Leotychidas [ Leotychides , Latychidas ] ( ; c . 545 BC – 469 BC ) was a ruler of Sparta in 491 – 476 BC . He led Spartan forces during the Persian Wars from 490 BC to 478 BC . He is not to be confused with another Eurypontid Leotychides , the ( allegedly illegitimate ) son of Agis II . Born in Sparta around 545 BC , Leotychidas was a descendant of the Royal House of the Eurypontid s ( through Menamus , Agesilaus , Hippocratides , Leotychides , Anaxilaus , Archidamos , Anaxandridas I and Theopompus ) and came to power in 491 BC with the help of the Agiad King Cleomenes I by challenging the legitimacy of the birth of Demaratus for the Eurypontid throne of Sparta . Later that year , he joined Cleomenes ' second expedition to Aegina , where ten hostages were seized and given to Athens . However after Cleomenes ' death in 488 BC , Leotychidas was almost surrendered to Aegina . In the spring of 479 BC , Leotychidas commanded a Greek fleet consisting of 110 ships at Aegina and later at Delos , supporting the Greek revolts at Chios and Samos against Persia . Leotychidas defeated Persian military and naval forces at the Battle of Mycale on the coast of Asia Minor in the summer of 479 BC ( possibly around mid - August ) . In 476 BC , Leotychidas led an expedition to Thessaly against the Aleuadae family for collaboration with the Persians but withdrew after being bribed by the family . Upon returning to Sparta he was tried for bribery , and fled to the temple of Athena Alea in Tegea . Sentenced to exile , his house was burned and his grandson Archidamus II , son of his son Zeuxidamus , called Cyniscus by many Spartans , who had died in his father ' s life , became the ruler of Sparta . Leotychidas died some years later , around 469 BC . In popular culture . In the 1962 film " The 300 Spartans " , Leotychidas is portrayed by an uncredited actor and with one line of dialogue .