naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Partisan Cross The Partisan Cross ( ) was a Polish military decoration , awarded to World War II partisans ( part of resistance movement fighting in the countryside ) . It was introduced by the Council of Ministers on October 26 , 1945 . It was awarded to organizers , commanders and members of partisan units who fought against Germans on a Polish territory , or to Poles who fought in partisan units in the USSR , Yugoslavia and France , or to foreigners , who fought in partizan units on a Polish territory . It could be given also to cities or villages , that distinguished themselves in supporting the partisan movement . It was awarded first by the Ministry of Defence , from 1952 by the Council of State , from 1989 by the President of Poland . It ceased to be awarded in 1999 . About 55 , 000 Partizan Crosses were awarded . The Cross is a gold - plated Greek cross with thin arms , 38 x 38 mm . Obverse shows the eagle in the centre ( the Polish coat - of - arms ) and an inscription : " ZA – POLSKĘ – WOLNOŚĆ – i LUD " ( For Poland , Liberty and People ) on arms . The reverse bears the horizontal inscription " PARTYZANTOM " ( To partizans ) , and the date " 1939 " on an upper vertical arm and " 1945 " on a lower arm . A ribbon is dark green , 35 mm wide , with black strips 7 mm wide , near both edges . In an order of precedency , the Partisan Cross was worn after Cross of Valour .
41st Bombardment Squadron The 41st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 448th Bombardment Group , based at Long Beach Municipal Airport , California . It was inactivated on 27 June 1949 . Heraldry . Emblem : On a disc , orange in base , shaded up to sky blue , within an ultra¬marine blue border , a large , gray elephant with white tusks , running toward dexter , and holding aloft in the trunk a very large , red aerial bomb , in front of white , cirrus cloud formations , edged light turquoise blue , and marked red violet on under side , all leaving white vapor trails to rear . ( Approved 17 April 1945 ) . History . Activated 1 April 1944 at Dalhart Army Airfield , Texas . Initially equipped with B - 17 Flying Fortress es for training , due to shortage of B - 29 Superfortress es . Moved to Harvard Army Airfield , Nebraska , in August 1944 and equipped with B - 29B limited production aircraft . After completion of training deployed to Central Pacific Area ( CPA ) , assigned to XXI Bomber Command , Northwest Field ( Guam ) for operational missions . B - 29Bs were standard production aircraft stripped of most defensive guns to increase speed and bomb load , The tail gun was aimed and fired automatically by the new AN / APG - 15B radar fire control system that detected the approaching enemy plane and made all the necessary calculations . Mission of the squadron was the strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands . Dntered combat on 16 June 1945 with a bombing raid against an airfield on Moen . Flew first mission against the Japanese home islands on 26 June 1945 and afterwards operated principally against the enemy ' s petroleum industry . Flew primarily low - level , fast attacks at night using a mixture of high - explosive and incendary bombs to attack targets . Flew last combat mission on 15 August 1945 , later flew in " Show of Force " mission on 2 September 1945 over Tokyo Bay during formal Japanese Surrender . Inactivated on Guam 15 April 1946 , personnel returned to the United States and aircraft sent to storage in Southwest United States . Allocated to the Air Force Reserve as a Tactical Air Command B - 26 Invader light bomb group in 1947 . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget restrictions . On 19 Sep 1985 the 41st Bombardment Squadron , ( Very Heavy ) was consolidated with the 41st Air Refueling Squadron , Heavy , a unit that is ( as of 19 Sep 1985 ) active , however the unit was inactivated on 15 February 1993 . This action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF / MPM 662q Attachment 1 ( Active Units ) , 19 Sep 1985 . The Consolidated Unit will retain the Designation of 41st Air Refueling Squadron , Heavy " .
Levashovo ( air base ) Levashovo ( also Levashevo ) is an air base located to the southwest of Levashovo , within the northern limits of the federal subject of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It houses mostly small transport planes mostly belonging to 549 AB ( 549th Air Base ) , most notably the Antonov An - 12 , Antonov An - 26 , and Tupolev Tu - 134 , along with Mi - 6 and Mi - 8 helicopters . The 549th Air Base has seen many redesignations since being activated in 1942 as the 6th independent Transport Aviation Unit . The unit has been based at Levashevo since 1960 . Aircraft in service have included the Mi - 1 , Mi - 2 , Mi - 4 , Mi - 6 ( Mi - 6VPK and Mi - 22 in the 1980s ) , Mi - 8 , Li - 2 , Il - 14 , An - 2 , An - 14 , An - 12 , An - 24 / 26 , Tu - 124 , Tu - 134 , 1981 - , and the Il - 22 from 1981 . In 2000 , according to the Conventional Forces in Europe treaty data exchange , the unit had 37 Mi - 8 and some An - 12 . In 2009 , the unit had two Tu - 134s , 6 An - 26 , 5 An - 12 and 5 Mi - 8 . The unit has been part of :
Mohammad Yunus Khalis Mawlawi Mohammad Yunus Khalis ( alternate spellings Yunis and Younas ) ( Arabic : محمد يونس خالص ; c . 1919 − July 19 , 2006 ) was a mujahideen commander in Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . His party was called Hezb - i - Islami ( " Party of Islam " ) , the same as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar ' s party . The two are commonly differentiated as Hezb - e Islami Khalis and Hezb - e - Islami Gulbuddin . He was a staunch conservative fundamentalist , though not — unlike Gulbadin Hekmatyar , his original commander with whom he severed his ties for being too extreme — a hardliner , and wrote the 1991 treatise " An Appeal to Support the Holy War in the Sudan " . After the fall of the communist government in 1992 , his forces controlled Nangarhar Province in eastern Afghanistan . Maulvi Mohammad Yunus Khalis was born in 1919 in Khogyani District , Nangarhar Province in Afghanistan and became a powerful figure in his country ’ s turbulent modern history . Educated in Islamic law and theology , Khalis exercised influence through his conservative vision of Islamic society . Sometimes referred to as the don of Nangarhar , he was also a shrewd politician who wielded considerable power behind the scenes during one of the most turbulent and violent periods in his country ’ s history . After the overthrow of Mohammad Zahir Shah by Mohammad Daoud in 1973 , Khalis fled to Pakistan and joined Hekmatyar ' s Islamic Party ( Hezb - e Islami ) . After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan , Khalis broke with Hekmatyar and established his own party ( Hezb - e Islami Khalis ) . Khalis reportedly entered Afghanistan many times to join his forces in waging war against the Soviets and their local proxies . Many prominent mujahideen commanders including Abdul Haq , Amin Wardak and Jalaluddin Haqqani were affiliated with Hezb - e - Islami Khalis . After the fall of the Communist regime in 1992 , Khalis participated in the Islamic Interim Government . He was a member of the Leadership Council ( Shura - ye Qiyaadi ) , but held no other official post . Instead of moving to Kabul , he chose to remain in Nangarhar . His party controlled major parts of this politically and strategically important province . The Taliban brought Nangarhar under their control in September 1996 and Khalis was supportive of the Taliban movement . Khalis resided in Pakistan in the late 1990s . After the fall of the Taliban , his supporters regained their stronghold in Jalalabad where Khalis exerted considerable influence , although he held no official post . Two of his close associates , Haji Abdul Qadir and Haji Din Mohammad served as governors of Nangarhar Province after the fall of the Communist regime . According to a statement from his son , Anwar al - Haq Mojahed , Khalis died on July 19 , 2006 .
USS Wanamassa ( YTB - 820 ) USS " Wanamassa " ( YTB - 820 ) is a United States Navy large district harbor tug named for Wanamassa , New Jersey . Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Wanamassa " was awarded 9 August 1971 . She was laid down down on 28 October 1972 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 4 May 1973 . Operational history . Delivered to the U . S . Navy on 28 July 1973 , " Wanamassa " was initially assigned to the 10th Naval District and operated out of San Juan , Puerto Rico , aiding ships in berthing and docking maneuvers and standing ready to provide waterfront fire protection . In the latter half of the 1970s , she was transferred to Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , where she is in active service .
Skënder Muço Skënder Muço ( 1904 – 1944 ) was an Albanian lawyer and leader of Balli Kombëtar , one of the most important resistance organizations in Albania during World War II . Along with Musine Kokalari Muço founded the first social democratic party of Albania in 1943 . In 1944 he was ambushed by German troops near Vlorë and executed three days later . Early life . Skënder Muço was born in Tragjas , Ottoman Empire , in 1904 . His father , Daut was an activist of the Albanian National Awakening , while his uncle , Alem Tragjasi had fought in the Vlora War . Muço initially studied in San Demetrio Corone , Calabria and later graduated from the faculty of law of the University of Bologna . In 1932 he was arrested and sentenced to death because of his participation in the nationalist and anti - monarchist organization " Lëvizja e Vlorës " ( ) , but his sentence was eventually reduced after public pressure to the government . When Albania was occupied by Italy he took part in the protests of Vlorë on April 7 , 1939 . World War II . During World War II Skënder Muço joined the ranks of Balli Kombëtar , one of the most important resistance organizations in Albania . At the end of November , 1942 along with Hysni Lepenica , a former gendarmerie officer from Gjirokastër he founded the first battalion of Balli Kombëtar in Vlorë named " Shqiponja " ( ) . Muço also became head of Balli Kombëtar in Vlorë region and a member of the of organization ' s council . As commanders of " Shqiponja " Muço and Lepenica confronted many times the Italian and later the Germans troops . One of the most important of those battles was the battle of Gjorm , in which Balli Kombëtar inflicted heavy losses to the Italian army . In 1943 he was one of the representatives of Balli Kombëtar in the Mukje Agreement , a treaty of collaboration signed by Balli Kombëtar and the National Liberation Movement Along with Musine Kokalari Muço founded the first social democratic party of Albania in 1943 - 4 as a faction of Balli Kombëtar . On November 21 , 1943 he wrote and published a pamphlet labeling the German troops and their Albanian collaborators as the " barbaric enemy " . On August 7 , 1944 he was ambushed and captured by German troops while going to Vlorë with two other Ballists Yzeir Ismaili and Zako Mezi . He was executed three days later in Bubullimë , Lushnjë , western Albania .
Battle of Soor The Battle of Soor ( born 30 September 1745 ) saw Frederick the Great ' s Prussia n army defeat an Austro - Saxon army led by Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession . After early setbacks , Frederick ' s Prussians were victorious . Background . Three months after the battle of Hohenfriedberg , Prince Charles exploited Frederick ' s carelessly laid " Camp of Staudenz " to launch a surprise attack on the diminished Prussian army . Having stripped off many detachments during his march through Bohemia , Frederick ' s numbers had been reduced to 22 , 500 effectives . Prince Charles then discovered that Frederick had failed to occupy the Graner - Koppe , the hill north of Burkersdorf that dominated the landscape to the east and south . Prince Charles loaded it up with musketeers , grenadiers , cavalry and 16 heavy guns , and extended the remainder of his army in line to the south . Battle . The Prussians detected the Austrian presence , however , and moved first to the attack despite all the Austrian advantages of surprise and terrain . Marching in column formation , Frederick directed his army to the north where the battle opened with an Austrian cannonade upon the helpless columns of cavalry as they passed beneath the Graner - Koppe . Having weathered the fire , the cavalry deployed to the north of the hill . General Buddenbrock ' s troopers opened the assault by driving the Austrian horse from the high ground . But the cavalry attack ran into Austrian infantry and was turned back by musket fire . The Graner - Koppe was then under infantry attack as well . Elite Prussian grenadiers marched right up to the muzzles of the heavy guns and were decimated by a combination of cannon and musket fire . The second line surged forward , fighting through Austrian grenadiers , and captured the summit , putting the dangerous battery out of action . Meanwhile , the Austrian right wing was engaged in its own separate battle as the Prussians moved to clear Burkersdorf . After nearly bogging down under yet another battery near the town , Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick ' s troops finally cracked the Austrian center and the Austrians relinquished the field . Frederick overcame the most dangerous predicament of his career stating , " I was in the soup up to my ears . " References . http : / / obscurebattles . blogspot . com / 2013 / 02 / the - battle - of - soor - 1745 _ 23 . html
No . 9 Squadron IAF No . 9 Squadron , Indian Air Force ( " Wolfpack " ) was formed at Lahore on 3 January 1944 under the command of Squadron Leader A . W . Ridler of the Royal Air Force . In April 1944 they were moved to Hathazari in Chittagong to take part in the Burma Campaign . Ridler handed over the squadron to Kenneth A Perkin in March 1944 who commanded this squadron until November 1944 . Subsequently Adams took over the squadron in November 1944 . The squadron has convered to Mirage 2000 and is now based at Gwalior under Central Air Command .
Ettie Annie Rout Ettie Annie Rout ( 24 February 1877 – 17 September 1936 ) was a Tasmanian - born New Zealander whose work among servicemen in Paris and the Somme during World War I made her a war hero among the French , yet through the same events she became " persona non grata " in New Zealand . She married Fred Hornibrook on 3 May 1920 , after which she was Ettie Hornibrook . They had no children and later separated , and she died , and is buried in the Cook Islands . Life . Born in Launceston , Tasmania , Australia , she was raised in Wellington , New Zealand from 1884 . After leaving school , she became a shorthand typist for commissions of inquiry and the then Supreme Court ( now the High Court , and not to be confused with the present Supreme Court ) . Biographers believe this job gave her a wide range of experiences on social issues . She was later a reporter , businessperson , and writer , but most importantly , she was a campaigner on sexually transmitted infections . Ettie Rout ' s experiences founding a volunteer nursing group during World War I , the New Zealand Volunteer Sisterhood , made her aware of the prevalence of STI among servicemen . By 1917 , the New Zealand Army had made free distribution of her safe sex kit compulsory . It was for work in Paris , inspecting brothels and recommending them to arriving servicemen , and in the Somme , that she was decorated by the French . In 1917 she and several other New Zealand nurses were Mentioned in Despatches by General Sir Archibald Murray Ironically , in New Zealand , her exploits were considered such that her name , on pain of a £ 100 fine , could not be published . However though , her activities could be published . Similar ironies were found overseas ; her 1922 book , " Safe Marriage : A Return to Sanity " , was banned in New Zealand , but published in both Australia and Britain . In the latter , it was a best - seller . However , in the House of Lords , a bishop called her ' the wickedest woman in Britain . Death and legacy . Rout died as the result of a quinine in Rarotonga in the Cook Islands following her sole postwar return to New Zealand in 1936 . She is interred at an Avarua church cemetery . In 1992 , Jane Tolerton wrote her biography , and more recently , she has been more critically perceived as a " White Australasia " apologist in Phillippa Levine ' s account of contagious disease legislation within the late nineteenth century British Empire . In 1983 an episode of the New Zealand television series " Pioneer Women " dramatised her story .
48th Intelligence Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 48th Intelligence Squadron ( 48 IS ) is an intelligence unit located at Beale AFB , California . The 48 IS is associated with U - 2 operations . Mission . The 48 IS provides in - garrison and deployed communications and logistics maintenance for the DGS - 2 and Deployable Shelterized System - Film ( DSS - F ) elements of the AN / GSQ - 272 SENTINEL ( also known as Distributed Common Ground System , or DCGS ) . The unit also ensures multisource intelligence from U - 2 , Predator , Reaper , and Global Hawk aircraft is exploited in real - time and sent to combatant commanders and warfighting forces .
Herschel Green Herschel " Herky " Green ( Hickory , Kentucky , July 3 , 1920 - Torrance , California , August 16 , 2006 ) was a World War II flying ace in the United States Army Air Forces . Green was the leading ace of the Fifteenth Air Force downing 18 enemy aircraft and destroying 10 more on the ground . He flew in 1943 and 1944 in the North Africa and Italian campaigns with the 325th Fighter Group . By the end of 1944 , he had flown 100 missions and received the Distinguished Service Cross , Purple Heart , Air Medal with 25 Oak Leaf Clusters , Silver Star and two Distinguished Flying Cross es . He published his memoirs " Herky ! : the Memoirs of a Checkertail Ace " in 1996 . The " Checkertail " refers to the group ' s recognition markings . The tail of each aircraft was painted yellow with black squares . See also . 325th Fighter Group
USS New Hanover ( AKA - 73 ) USS " New Hanover " ( AKA - 73 ) was a of the United States Navy named after New Hanover County , North Carolina . Like all AKAs , " New Hanover " was designed to carry military cargo and landing craft , and to use the latter to land weapons , supplies , and Marines on enemy shores during amphibious operations . She served as a commissioned ship for 19 months . " New Hanover " was laid down as a Type C2 - S - AJ3 ship on 31 August 1944 by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Co . , Wilmington , North Carolina ; launched on 31 October 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . O . M . Creekmore ; and commissioned on 22 December 1944 at Charleston , South Carolina , Lt . Comdr . J . R . Haines , USNR , in command . Its initial crew members included a rated radioman named Joseph L . " Bud " Jackson Jr . of Newburgh , NY . Service History . World War II , 1944 – 1945 . After training in Chesapeake Bay , " New Hanover " cleared Norfolk on 24 January 1945 with cargo for the Pacific , sailing through the Panama Canal on 1 February and reaching Pearl Harbor on 19 February . Joining Amphibious Forces , Pacific Fleet , she began a round of cargo operations which took her to the Solomons , New Hebrides , and Ulithi , all in preparation for the assault on Okinawa , off which she arrived on 10 April . During the next week of cargo operations , her crew went to General Quarters 30 times as Japanese air attacks harassed the invasion . She returned to Ulithi on 23 April and began a series of passages with mail , cargo , and passengers to Guam , the Russells , Eniwetok , and Saipan , serving the bases essential to Pacific victory . She carried passengers to San Francisco in July , then continued cargo and passenger operations which took her to Pearl Harbor , Tinian , Saipan , the Philippines , and ultimately Japan , from which she returned to Pearl Harbor on 27 November with passengers and a cargo composed largely of captured Japanese equipment . She sailed for the Canal Zone on 29 November , bound for the East Coast . Decommissioning and Sale . After service on the Atlantic coast she decommissioned at Norfolk on 30 July 1946 . Transferred to the Maritime Commission on 31 July 1946 she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 15 August 1946 . Civilian Service and Final Disposition . Ex - USS " New Hanover " was sold 31 June 1947 to the Waterman Steamship Corpoartion , and renamed SS " Alawai " . She was resold in February 1955 to Polarus Steamship Company and renamed SS " Franklin Berwis " . After two years service she was resold again , this time to Grace Line , Inc in February 1957 and renamed SS " Santa Mercedes " . Grace sold the ship to Central Gulf Steamship Corporation on 22 April 1960 and they renamed her SS " Green Wave " . Sold once more in July 1966 to Victory Carriers , Inc . she was renamed for the last time to SS " Sagamore Hill " . On 16 October 1970 , the old AKA met her end , being sold for scrap to Li Chong Steel & Iron Works of Taiwan .
Café Wars The Café Wars took place during the Algerian War , as a part of the internal fighting in France between two rival Algerian nationalist movements , the Mouvement National Algérien and the Front de Libération National ( which later became the ruling political party in independent Algeria ) . The Café Wars are so called because part of the fighting took the form of bomb attacks and assassinations in cafés , directed at supporters of the other party , as they struggled for control and influence over the large Algerian expatriate community and its organizations . Since both organizations operated underground , and were wanted by the French government , the line between a military and a civilian target was hard to draw , and often wilfully disregarded by the combatant s . Groups from both the MNA and the FLN resorted to gangland - style killings , intimidation and the murder of civilians to pursue their political goals and secure finances and influence . This led to the Café Wars being portrayed in France as acts of random terrorism , and conflated with attacks on French settlers in Algeria , while in reality this internal fighting possessed a military and political logic of its own . According to some estimates the Café Wars cost an estimated 5 , 000 lives . The official French figures are 3 , 975 dead and a total of 10 , 223 victims ( dead or wounded ) The Café Wars did not end before Algeria was granted independence in 1962 , by the government of Charles de Gaulle . The FLN had by then routed the MNA ' s guerrilla units in Algeria , and for all practical purposes destroyed its organization in France .