naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
IX Fighter Command The IX Fighter Command was a United States Army Air Forces formation . Its last assignment was with the Ninth Air Force , based at Erlangen , Germany . It was inactivated on 16 November 1945 . IX Fighter Command was the primary tactical fighter air arm of Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa during 1942 - 1943 . Reassigned to England , it became the dominant tactical air force over the skies of Western Europe during the 1944 Battle of Normandy and the Western Allied invasion of Germany in 1945 . After its inactivation , the majority of its ( along with Twelfth Air Force ) units were incorporated into the postwar United States Air Force Tactical Air Command . History . North Africa . Entered combat in Egypt during January 1943 as command and control organization for Ninth Air Force fighter units assigned to Western Desert Campaign in Libya and Tunisia . Although subordinate wings assigned to command , combat groups attached to Royal Air Force Western Desert Air Force . Command reassigned to England in November 1943 as tactical fighter component for Ninth Air Force as part of Normandy invasion planning . Assigned units reassigned to Twelfth Air Force Western Europe . During the winter of 1943 / 44 IX Fighter Command expanded at an extraordinary rate so that by the end of May 1944 , its complement ran to 45 flying groups operating some 5 , 000 aircraft . Initial missions from England consisted of fighter sweeps over troop concentrations and attacks on enemy positions and airfields , primarily on German Fifteenth Army units in the Pas - de - Calais region of France as well as around Normandy and Cotentin Peninsula . On D - Day IX Fighter Command units carried out massive air attacks on German forces in Normandy area with P - 51 Mustang and P - 47 Thunderbolt fighter - bombers . Air cover during the morning amphibious assault by Allied forces on the beaches of France was flown by P - 38 Lightning s . With the beaches secure , grups began deploying to France on June 16 , 1944 , ten days after the Normandy invasion by moving P - 47 Thunderbolts to a beach - head landing strip . During the Battle of Normandy , its tactical air units then provided the air power for the Allied break - out from the Normandy beachhead in the summer of 1944 during the Battle of Cherbourg , Caen , and the ultimate breakout from the beachhead , Operation Cobra . By early August most IX Fighter Command groups were transferred to bases in France and assigned to the U . S . Twelfth Army Group . Command then reorganized , with units transferred to three Tactical Air Commands and which directly supported Army ground units , along with an air defense command to defend Allied - controlled areas . After units reassigned , remained as command organization until after VE - Day when performed occupation duty in Germany . Components . Western Europe . Wings Groups Squadrons
Courcelles Massacre The Courcelles Massacre ( ) , also known as the Rognac Massacre ( ) , was a massacre of 20 Belgian civilians by Rexists at the town of Courcelles in August 1944 during the Second World War . Background . After the German invasion of Belgium in 1940 , some Belgian civilians made the decision to collaborate with the German occupying forces , joining pro - collaboration political groups . In Wallonia , the most prominent of these was the Rexist Movement which advocated a Fascist pro - Catholic , pro - Nazi agenda . By 1944 , the number of resistance attacks had increased as the Allied armies opened a second front in Normandy Massacre . On 17 August 1944 , the Rexist Bourgmestre of " Greater Charleroi " , Oswald Englebin , was attacked and killed along with his wife and son by members of the Belgian Resistance between Courcelles and Monceau - sur - Sambre in an area known as the " Bois du Rognac " . As news of the attack arrived in Rexist headquarters in Brussels and Charleroi , two civilians were shot in retaliation . Three members of the same family were shot on the evening of the 17 , with another two on the night of the 17 / 18th . During the night , Rexist paramilitaries rounded up over 21 civilian dignitaries which were taken to Courcelles . 20 were shot at daybreak of 18 August . Those murdered included policemen , doctors , architects , lawyers and various civil officials . Those responsible for the killing " returned to Brussels , where they were offered a drink and congratulated . . . on their act of revolutionary vengeance . " Aftermath . Of the 150 participants of the massacre , 97 were identified , 80 arrested and tried of whom 27 were executed on 10 November 1947 . Amongst them was Victor Matthys who was accused of organizing the massacre .
Amyntas of Mieza " For other persons with the same name , see Amyntas " Amyntas , son of Alexander from Mieza and brother of Macedonian general Peucestas , was appointed somatophylax of Philip III Arrhidaeus at Triparadisus in 320 BC . This appointment suggests that Antipater trusted Peucestas more than he did Peithon .
William James Gordon William James Gordon ( 19 May 1864 – 15 August 1922 ) was a West Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . He was 27 years old , and a Lance - Corporal in the West India Regiment , British Army during the Second Gambia Campaign when , on 13 March 1892 at Toniataba , Gambia , the major who was in command of the troops was superintending a party of 12 men who were trying , with a heavy beam , to break down the south gate of the town . Suddenly a number of musket - muzzles appeared through a double row of loopholes , some of them being only two or three yards from the major ' s back and before he realised what had happened , Gordon threw himself between the major and the muskets , pushing the officer out of the way . At the same moment the NCO was shot through the lungs . He later achieved the rank of sergeant . The medal is on display at the Jamaica Defence Force Museum .
AEK - 999 AEK - 999 ' Barsook ' ( Badger ) ( Russian : Барсук ) is a Russia n machine gun chambered for the 7 . 62x54mmR round . It is a modernized version of the PKM machine gun , developed during the 1990s in order to improve its capabilities in the LMG / SAW role . It was to be capable of sustained automatic fire without requiring a quick - change barrel , and better suited for assault operations where it could be fired from the hip or from the integral bipod . The AEK - 999 was developed at the Kovrov Machinebuilding Plant , but lost in military trials to the Pecheneg machine gun , which was developed under same requirements at the TsNIITochMash research institute . In 2006 KMZ ceased all military production , but small batches of the AEK - 999 were manufactured by KMZ before 2006 for Russian MVD troops . Design . The AEK - 999 uses the same receiver group as the PKM . The most important change is a new barrel , made of the same steel used in aviation machine guns for greater durability . This new barrel is partially fluted to save weight and improve heat dissipation , and is provided with a mirage top cover and more effective muzzle brake . This new barrel can be removed from the gun for inspection or maintenance , but it is not a quick - change barrel for swapping out in combat situations . To further enhance its capabilities , the AEK - 999 is fitted with a small polymer forend under the barrel , and the folding bipod is moved forward and attached to the barrel rather than the gas tube . If necessary , the AEK - 999 can be equipped with a suppressor . It can also accept all standard PKM accessories , including tripod mount , and 100 - round clip - on belt boxes .
Roger de Moulins Roger de Moulins was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1177 to his death in 1187 , succeeding Jobert of Syria . The Hospitallers were rivals of the Knights Templar , but Pope Alexander III persuaded Roger to make a truce with them in 1179 . In 1184 he toured Europe with Arnold of Torroja , the Grand Master of the Templars , and Heraclius , the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem , and established the Hospitaller Order in England , France and Germany . On his way back he helped the Normans attack Thessalonica in 1185 . During his time as Grand Master the Hospitallers became more involved in the politics of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Roger opposed Raynald of Châtillon and Guy of Lusignan , and at first refused to hand over his key to the royal treasury when Guy was crowned King of Jerusalem in 1186 . He took part in the raid against Saladin at Cresson near Nazareth on 1 May 1187 , where he was killed by a lance - wound to the chest . Roger was succeeded by William Borrel , who served as custodian of the Hospitallers for a brief time in 1187 , and then by Armengol de Aspa , who served as " provisor " ( custodian ) until 1190 . A new Grand Master was not chosen until Garnier of Nablus was elected in 1190 during the Third Crusade .
Juw Juwinga Juw Juwinga ( alias Jongema ) of Bolsward was a Frisian chieftain that earned great fame in the struggle against the ( Dutch ) ‘ infidels ’ . When Albrecht of Bavaria , count of Holland , threatened Friesland in 1396 , Juw was chosen as potestate of Friesland . He advised luring the enemy into the land . The Schieringers limited their defense to the coastline . The Dutch were defeated at Schoterzijl ( in Weststellingwerf ) where Juw was slain on August 29 , 1396 . Juw was also known as Julius Jongema , and Petrus Thaborita wrote his name as Ju Jonghema . The previous potestate was Hessel Martena . However the potestates were absent for many years due to arguments between Vetkopers and Schieringers and Juw was the eleventh potestaat .
VC - 10 Challengers VC - 10 Composite Squadron " Challengers " is an inactive United States Navy aircraft squadron . It was originally known as the " Mallards " in 1943 , but when assigned the F - 8 Crusader the squadron pilots unofficially used the name " Challengers " . It was formally known as the " Challengers " from 1961 through 1993 . History . VC - 10 began 25 October 1943 as Utility Squadron SIXTEEN or VU - 16 in San Juan , Puerto Rico . On 16 August 1946 , VU - 16 was redesignated as Utility Squadron TEN ( VU - 10 ) at Guantanamo Bay , Cuba . On 1 July 1965 , VU - 10 was redesignated as Fleet Composite Squadron TEN ( VC - 10 ) at Guantanamo Bay . Finally , on 1 July 1 , 1993 , VC - 10 was decommissioned at Guantanamo Bay . First cruise . VC - 10 was commissioned 23 September 1943 at Sand Point Naval Air Station Seattle , Washington . The Commissioning Officer was Lt . Cdr . G . L . Richard . Lt . Cdr . E . J . Huxtable took command of the VC - 10 on 29 September 1943 . Planes and material allowance for the squadron were drawn at Sand Point . On 5 April 1944 , VC - 10 was assigned to and landed on the USS " Gambier Bay " for an eleven - day shakedown cruise . The Commander of VC - 10 on the USS " Gambier Bay " was Captain Edward J . Huxtable Jr . CVE - 73 was a Casablanca class escort carrier and was sunk in the second Battle of Samar . The primary assignment of the unit was placed on deck load strikes , bombing and strafing of a towed target , navigation , fighter director training , radar training , and torpedo tactics . The squadron had 195 men and 31 pilots .
AN / UYK - 43 The AN / UYK - 43 was the standard 32 - bit computer of the United States Navy for surface ship and submarine platforms , starting in 1984 . Some 1250 units had been delivered through 2000 . The size of a refrigerator , it replaced the older AN / UYK - 7 , both built by UNISYS and shared the same instruction set . An enhancement to the UYK - 43 , the Open Systems Module ( OSM ) , allows up to six VMEbus Type 6U commercial off - the - shelf ( COTS ) cards to be installed in a UYK - 43 enclosure . The UYK - 43 is being replaced by the AN / UYQ - 70 and commercial off - the - shelf systems . Retired systems are being cannibalized for repair parts to support systems still in use by U . S . and non - U . S . forces . Architecture . The historic AN / UYK - 43 architecture includes active redundancy . It include multiple processors , multiple memory banks , and multiple input - output devices with interfaces for multiple disk drives . Power - on self test firmware incorporates features that reconfigure software loading in order to bypass failure . This allows it to run in degraded mode with failed processors , failed memory , failed disk drives , and failed input / output devices . Remote status boards perform fault reporting . These features improve combat survivability and eliminate requirements for periodic diagnostic maintenance , which is the intent of condition - based maintenance . The standardized computer programming language associated with UYK and AYK series computers is called CMS - 2 developed by Rand Corporation .
Evacuation transport An Evacuation Transport is a vessel type employed by the U . S . Navy . Its designation is APH , and the vessel is used to evacuate personnel , principally the wounded . Evacuations depend on mobility . People with physical , sensory , chronic , behavioral , or cognitive disabilities may not be mobile enough for evacuations . Planners must consider the transportation needs of the community in evacuation plans . Those with disabilities that decrease mobility may need additional help evacuating .
Porterville Municipal Airport Porterville Municipal Airport is a city - owned public - use airport located three nautical miles ( 6 km ) southwest of the central business district of Porterville , a city in Tulare County , California , United States . According to the FAA ' s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009 – 2013 , it is categorized as a " general aviation " facility . History . The airport was opened in September 1942 as Porterville Army Airfield and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Fourth Air Force as a training base during World War II . It was a sub - base to Lemoore AAF , being used as a pilot training facility . Improvements to the site included a fueling system utilizing nine underground storage tanks . These tanks were filled and abandoned in place . Also located on site are ten fueling pits , which are presently unused . The field had the Air Echelon element from the Western Signal Aviation Unit Training Center at Camp Pinedale . At the end of the war the airfield was determined to be excess by the military and turned over to the local government for civil use . The War Assets Administration disposed of the property between 1948 and 1953 . In 1948 , were returned to Porterville . The remaining land was sold to the Tulare County Housing Authority . Facilities and aircraft . Porterville Municipal Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 442 feet ( 135 m ) above mean sea level . It has one runway designated 12 / 30 with an asphalt surface measuring 5 , 908 by 150 feet ( 1 , 801 x 46 m ) . A shorter east - west runway ( 25 / 7 ) , once occasionally closed and used for NHRA sanctioned drag racing in the mid - 1960 ' s , was permanently closed during the 1980 ' s . For the 12 - month period ending January 30 , 2009 , the airport had 43 , 550 aircraft operations , an average of 119 per day : 98 % general aviation , 2 % air taxi , and < 1 % military . At that time there were 92 aircraft based at this airport : 73 % single - engine , 11 % multi - engine , 10 % helicopter and 6 % ultralight .
Battle of Havrincourt The Battle of Havrincourt was a World War I battle fought on 12 September 1918 , involving the British Third Army ( under the command of General Sir Julian Byng ) against German troops , including those of the 3rd and 10th Corps , in the town of Havrincourt , France . Background . Three divisions of Third Army attacked the village of Havrincourt ; the 62nd Division , New Zealand Division and 2nd Division . Defending Havrincourt were four German divisions , from the 3rd and 10th Corps . In the normal course of events , 62 Division would not have been there but they had been given the Havrincourt sector out of respect for their performance there in 1917 . Prelude and description . In 1918 , despite their numerical superiority and strong fortifications within the town , the Germans were unable to hold their position and by the day ' s end Havricourt was in British hands . The victory was not particularly showy or impressive , but it highlighted a growing lack of fighting spirit among the German soldiers on the Western Front . While some took no notice of this small battle , others noted its significance - indeed , Byng himself saw it as a turning point of sorts ; Aftermath . This victory encouraged Field Marshal Douglas Haig to approve an attack on Epéhy the following day , along with other operations to prepare for the assault on the Hindenburg Line . Sergeant Laurence Calvert was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions during the battle .
Guérin de Montaigu Pierre Guérin de Montaigu ( died 1230 ) was a nobleman from Auvergne , who became the 13th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller , in 1207 – 28 . He intervened in Armenia to help the Christian population against Suleiman of Iconium . He helped raise the siege of Acre by the Sultan of Damascus . He distinguished himself at the capture of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade , and subsequently toured European countries seeking support . On his return to Palestine , he found turmoil ; he tried vainly to reconcile the Hospitallers with the Knights Templar . In 1228 he persuaded the Pope to break the truce holding between Christian and Muslim powers . He refused however to serve in the army commanded by Emperor Frederick II , who was excommunicated . He died in Palestine .
20×138mmB The 20×138mmB cartridge or Long Solothurn was a type of ammunition used mainly for anti - aircraft and anti - tank weapons during World War II . The designation means the caliber was 20 mm , the length of the cartridge case was 138 mm and B indicates it was a belted case . The loaded cartridge weighed . History . The 20×138mmB cartridge was initially created by the Swiss Solothurn company in the early 1930s . Users . The 20×138mmB cartridge was used in the following weapons :
1st Delaware Infantry Regiment The 1st Regiment Delaware Volunteer Infantry was a United States volunteer infantry regiment raised for Union Army service in the American Civil War . For part of the war , it was a part of the famed Gibraltar Brigade . May - August 1861 . When the Civil War began in April 1861 , there were only about 16 , 000 men in the U . S . Army , and many Southern soldiers and officers were already resigning and joining the new Confederate States Army . With this drastic shortage of men in the army , President Abraham Lincoln called on the states to raise a force of 75 , 000 volunteers for three months to put down the insurrection in the South . Accordingly , the 1st Delaware was raised at Wilmington , Delaware on May 22 , 1861 and mustered into Federal service on May 28 . The regiment comprised 37 officers and 742 enlisted men under the command of Colonel Henry H . Lockwood . The regiment was attached to the command of Major General John Dix ( ' Dix ' s Command " , Department of the Potomac ) and assigned to duty along the line of the Philadelphia , Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad . The regiment mustered out on August 30 , 1861 . September 1861 - July 1865 . The war proved to be longer and larger than anyone had expected , and on July 22 , 1861 , the United States Congress authorized a volunteer army of 500 , 000 men . A " new " 1st Regiment of Delaware Volunteers was raised at Wilmington , Delaware between September 10 and October 19 , 1861 . The regiment served throughout the war and suffered 12 officers and 146 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded , and 118 enlisted men killed by disease . The regiment mustered out of Federal service on July 12 , 1865 with 37 officers and 846 enlisted men under the command of Colonel John W . Andrews . Medal of Honor . Four men were awarded the Medal of Honor while serving with the 1st Delaware . At the Battle of Antietam , Second Lieutenant Charles B . Tanner of Company H earned the medal by saving the regimental flag after the entire nine - man color guard was killed or wounded . Tanner himself was wounded three times in the battle . During the Battle of Gettysburg the next year , two soldiers , Private Bernard McCarren of Company C and Private John B . Maberry of Company F , were awarded the medal for capturing Confederate battle flags . Another man , Captain James Parke Postles of Company A , received the medal for voluntarily carrying a message under heavy fire at Gettysburg .
The Dam Busters ( book ) The Dam Busters is a 1951 book by Paul Brickhill about Royal Air Force Squadron 617 , originally commanded by Wing Commander Guy Gibson V . C . during World War II . The squadron became known as the " Dam Busters " because of Operation Chastise , a mission using highly specialised bombs to destroy Ruhr dams in Germany . The book also covers the subsequent history of 617 Squadron , as an elite squadron specializing in attacking difficult targets with outsize weapons and precision techniques . Among Gibson ' s successors as commander was Group Captain Leonard Cheshire V . C . , and the book describes Cheshire ' s unorthodox leadership style and innovative target marking techniques . The original edition of the book did not include some of the details of the dams raids , as these were still classified at the time , most significantly that the weapons bounced on the water surface before reaching the target . Later editions included these details . In 1954 a film " The Dam Busters " was made based on both Gibson ' s " Enemy Coast Ahead " and on Brickhill ' s book . Named after the latter , the movie starred Richard Todd as Gibson and Michael Redgrave as Barnes Wallis . Also in 1954 , Australasian Radio produced a radio dramatisation of the book in 26 half - hour episodes . It is available for download in zipped MP3 format at Old Time Radio .