naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Eugene Blair Chief Machinist ' s Mate Eugene Blair ( Tremont , Virginia , April 26 , 1908 – Darwin , Australia , February 19 , 1942 ) was a United States Navy sailor of World War II who had a ship named for him . Navy career . Blair enlisted in the United States Navy at Richmond , Virginia , on November 23 , 1929 . After instruction at the Naval Training Station , Hampton Roads , Virginia , Blair served on four ships during his first two - year enlistment — the destroyer tender s USS " Dobbin " ( AD - 3 ) and USS " Whitney " ( AD - 4 ) , and the destroyers USS " Preston " ( DD - 327 ) and USS " Leary " ( DD - 158 ) , before being transferred to the new destroyer USS " McDougal " ( DD - 358 ) on December 23 , 1936 . Transferring to the transport USS " Chaumont " ( AP - 5 ) on November 4 , 1939 , Blair was discharged at the Naval Operating Base , Norfolk , Virginia , on December 8 of the same year . Blair reenlisted on January 3 , 1940 at Boston , Massachusetts , and , following service at the New York receiving station , joined USS " William B . Preston " ( AVP - 20 ) on June 14 , 1940 when that small seaplane tender was recommissioned . He remained with that warship through her transfer to the Asiatic Fleet that December and was still serving in her when war engulfed the Far East in December 1941 . " William B . Preston " tended the PBY Catalina flying boats of Patrol Wing ( PatWing ) 10 in Philippine waters when the fighting began and continued this duty in the Netherlands East Indies before retiring to Port Darwin , Australia , in mid - February 1942 . Awarded Silver Star . Planes from four of the six Japanese carriers that had attacked Pearl Harbor struck Darwin on February 19 , 1942 . Early in the raid , " William B . Preston " got underway and headed for the open sea . As the attack had developed rapidly , Chief Machinist ’ s Mate Blair , a member of the after repair party , went below in company with Metalsmith 2d Class LeRay Wilson , to close hatches and watertight doors . Just after they finished that task , a bomb struck the ship in the compartment in which they were standing , killing both instantly . Their efficient performance of duty , however , limited the flooding suffered by the warship to two compartments . Each man received a Silver Star posthumously . Namesake . The destroyer escort USS " Blair " ( DE - 147 ) was named in his honor . The ship was laid down on January 19 , 1943 at Orange , Texas , by the Consolidated Steel Corporation ; launched on April 6 , 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . Vestie Foster , the mother of three sons in the United States Navy ; and commissioned at Orange , Lt . Alden J . Laborde , USNR , in command .
Johann Gruber Dr . Johann Gruber ( October 20 , 1889 - April 7 , 1944 ) , also known as " Papa Gruber " and " The Saint of Gusen " , was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest who was imprisoned in the Mauthausen - Gusen concentration camp from 1940 until his death in April 1944 . In the concentration camp , Gruber helped many others survive by raising funds from outside the camp and bribing the SS men and kapos in order to organise the delivery of food to starving inmates .
HMS Rugby ( 1918 ) HMS " Rugby " was a Hunt class minesweeper of the Royal Navy from World War I . She was originally to be named HMS " Filey " , but this was changed to avoid any conflict between the vessel name and a coastal location . `
Bhavavarman I Bhavavarman I ( ) was a king of the Cambodia n kingdom of Kamboja , which would later become the Khmer empire . Though the full dates of his reign are unknown , it is known that he reigned around the year 550 . From his reading of the Ta Prohm Stèle , George Coedès understood a lady named " Kambuja - raja - lakshmi " to have been Bhavavarman ' s queen , and that it was through her that he inherited the royal lineage . Coedès thought he was also very likely the grandson of the king of Funan , a neighboring and more powerful Cambodian kingdom . However subsequent research by the epigraphist Claude Jacques revealed that Kambuja - raja - lakshmi was the queen of another king , Harshavarman I , who reigned in 910 – 923 AD , long after the Funan period and so she could not have passed on the royal lineage to Bhavavarman . According to Coedès , the main accomplishment of Bhavavarman ' s reign was the expansion of Kamboja into the Mekong river valley , attacking both Funan and Champa , an ancient Vietnamese kingdom . The reasons for these attacks are not clear , but most likely revolve around the accession of Rudravarman to the Funan throne ; Rudravarman killed the legitimate heir to the throne , and Bhavavarman may have seen himself as a rightful member of that lineage . It is not clear , however , if he wanted to claim the throne of Funan for himself , or to simply see Rudravarman unseated so that the next legitimate heir could take it . He was succeeded by his brother Chitrasena , who took the reign name Mahendravarman . Chinese records of the time indicate that Chitrasena was responsible for more of the conquests and battles than his brother , but it seems fair to assume that these were the actions of both kings . The Chinese records also indicate that , around this time at the beginning of the 7th century , the king of Funan was replaced , and that the new king was a ' wicked king ' who did not support Buddhism ; either Bhavavarman or his brother could fit that definition , as both belonged to the traditional Shivaite religion of Kamboja .
Battle of Ruxu ( 213 ) The Battle of Ruxu , also known as the Battle of Ruxukou , was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Sun Quan in 213 in the late Eastern Han Dynasty . The battle consisted of multiple attacks led by Cao Cao , but all were eventually lifted after efforts by Sun Quan ' s forces . Background . Before 213 , Cao Cao was undergoing war with Ma Chao and Sun Quan following his defeat during the Battle of Red Cliffs . One of the movements that Cao wanted to make in his war against Sun Quan was to intimidate Sun by placing general Xie Qi ( 謝奇 ) in Huangcheng , ( 皖城 ; present - day Huaining , Anhui ) and spread his forces to Qichun ( 蕲春 ) in order to agitate Sun Quan . In order to stop Cao ' s harassment , Sun sent his general Lü Meng to demand Xie Qi to surrender at once . However , Xie Qi refused , therefore Lü then was forced to respond in means of an attack . Xie Qi went down easily and retreated . Two of Xie Qi ' s subordinates , Sun Zicai and Song Hao , quickly surrendered to Lü Meng , fishing up morale . Cao Cao then began to mobilize troops to attack Ruxu ( 濡須 ) and captured a captain general named Gongsun Yang under Sun Quan . Sun Quan , in response , ordered Lü Meng to follow his personal lead of his forces to stop Cao ' s march onto Ruxu . The battle . While Sun Quan was setting up a plan for the defense of Ruxu , Lü Meng had schemed a defense against Cao consisting of warships readied at a quickly established dock , to be used to backfire Cao Cao ' s advance after a flood that was supposed to occur not long into the battle . Sun Guan , who died in battle at Ruxu in either 213 or 217 , was perhaps fatally injured in his attack onto Sun Quan ' s line of defense by Xu Sheng . Sun Guan died not long after his rescue at Cao ' s camp . Lü Meng ' s prediction quickly was proven correct , Sun Quan then started to send out his warships onto Cao ' s army , but a few of their ships were blown off course , but not much . ( This could have been the death of Dong Xi ) Having realized the experience of Sun ' s army , Cao Cao eventually decided to withdraw . In a momentum burst , a few other generals of Sun Quan joined Lü Meng in a following assault onto Wan and Lujiang . Aftermath . Zhang Liao , following this withdraw , stationed his troops at Hefei , where in 215 he played a major role in the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford .
Battle of Halule The Battle of Halule took place in 691 BC between the Assyrian empire and the rebelling forces of the Babylonians , Chaldea ns , and Aramaic tribes . Background . During the reign of King Sennacherib of Assyria , Babylonia was in a constant state of revolt . Mushezib - Marduk the Chaldea n prince chosen as King of Babylon led the Babylonian populace in revolt against Assyria and King Sennacherib . Rebellion forces . Khumma - Menanu recruited a new army to help the Babylonians against the Assyrians , under the leadership of Mushezib - Marduk . As well as the Babylonians , the Aramaic tribes , the Chaldea ns and King Khumban - umena III of the Elamites , and all the Zagros tribes ( Parsumash , Anzan , Ellipi , etc . ) joined in rebellion against the Assyrians . The nucleus of the army consisted of Elamite and Iranian charioteers , infantry , and cavalrymen . Result . The battle was indecisive , or at least both sides claimed the victory in their annals and all rulers remained on their thrones , but it is generally agreed that the Assyrians suffered the greatest losses . Humban - numena , allied with the Aramaic tribes and Persians , claimed to have defeated Sennacherib at the battle . Mushezib - Marduk lost his ally when the Elamite king Humban - nimena suffered a stroke later that same year , an opportunity King Sennacherib quickly seized by attacking Babylon , and eventually capturing it after a nine - month siege . Babylon was destroyed by Sennacherib . There was further fighting between Elam and Assyria over the next 40 years .
Consolidated XB - 41 Liberator The Consolidated XB - 41 Liberator was a single Consolidated B - 24D Liberator bomber , serial " 41 - 11822 " , which was modified for the long - range escort role for U . S . Eighth Air Force bombing missions over Europe during World War II . Design and development . The XB - 41 Liberator was outfitted with 14 . 50 caliber defensive machine guns . These included twin dorsal turrets , a remotely - operated Bendix " chin " turret ( of the same type as the YB - 40 used ) under the extreme nose , the usual twin - Browning M2 . 50 - cal armed , manned tail turret and twin - . 50 cal armed , fully retractable Sperry ventral ball turret , plus a twinned - mount pair of Browning . 50 cal M2s at each waist window . The port waist mount was originally covered by a Plexiglas bubble ; testing showed this caused severe optical distortion and it was removed . The XB - 41 carried 12 , 420 rounds of ammunition , 4 , 000 rounds of which were stored in the bomb bay as a reserve . It was powered by four 1 , 250 h . p . Pratt & Whitney R - 1830 - 43 Twin Wasp radial engines . Operational history . On 29 January 1943 , the sole XB - 41 , was delivered to Eglin Field , Florida . Tests were carried out for two months at Eglin during the early winter of 1943 . These indicated significant problems with the aircraft ; on 21 March 1943 , the Army declared the XB - 41 as unsuitable for operational use ; the conversion of thirteen Liberators to YB - 41 service test aircraft was cancelled . Despite this , Consolidated continued to work on the XB - 41 prototype ; wide - blade propellers were fitted , and some of the armor was removed to reduce the aircraft ' s weight . Tests resumed at Eglin on 28 July 1943 , however the basic flaws of the " gunship " concept remained , and the XB - 41 program was abandoned . The prototype XB - 41 was redesignated TB - 24D ; it served as an instructional airframe for training mechanics on the B - 24 . It was scrapped at Maxwell Field , Alabama on 2 February 1945 .
HMS Haughty ( 1895 ) HMS " Haughty " was a which served with the Royal Navy . She was launched by William Doxford & Sons on 18 September 1895 , served in home waters , and was sold on 10 April 1912 . References . Haughty - adj . Arrogantly proud ; disdainful . - ily adv . , haughtiness n .
William Herbert Waring William Herbert Waring VC MM ( 13 October 1885 – 8 October 1918 ) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born and lived in Welshpool , Montgomeryshire . He was 32 years old , and a lance - sergeant in the 25th Battalion , Royal Welch Fusiliers , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . Details . On 18 September 1918 at Ronssoy , France , Lance - Sergeant Waring led an attack against enemy machine - gun s and in the face of devastating fire , single - handed rushed a strong - point , bayonet ing four of the garrison and capturing two , with their guns . The lance - sergeant then reorganized his men , leading and inspiring them for another 400 yards when he fell mortally wounded . Grave Location : Buried at Ste Marie Communal Cemetery , Le Havre , Seine Maritime , France . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum , Caernarfon Castle , Gwynedd , Wales .
Robert L . Blackwell Robert Lester Blackwell ( October 4 , 1895 – October 11 , 1918 ) was an American soldier who posthumously received the Medal of Honor during World War I . He was born in the vicinity of Hurdle Mills , in Person County , North Carolina , to James B . and Eugenia Blackwell . Robert ' s father was originally from nearby Orange County , and was a Confederate Civil War veteran ; his mother died when he was young . Blackwell was raised on his family ' s farm , and entered the Army from Hurdle Mills . Biography . He was born on October 4 , 1895 . He was assigned to Company K , 119th Infantry , 30th Division . He was one of two soldiers from North Carolina to be awarded the Medal of Honor for service in the First World War . He is buried in Somme American Cemetery and Memorial , Somme Picardie , France . His grave can be found in plot D , row 20 , grave 2 . Robert ' s father received the medal May 6 , 1919 , from North Carolina Governor Thomas Bickett in a ceremony in the North Carolina State Capitol . The family later donated the medal to what is now the North Carolina Museum of History . Honors . A statue to honor his heroism stands today in Roxboro , North Carolina , and shortly after World War I there was the Robert Lester Blackwell American Legion Post No . 138 in Roxboro , North Carolina . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , U . S . Army , Company K , 119th Infantry , 30th Division . Place and date : Near St . Souplet , France , October 11 , 1918 . Entered service at : Hurdle Mills , N . C . Birth : Person County , N . C . G . O . No . : 13 , W . D . , 1919 . Citation : When his platoon was almost surrounded by the enemy and his platoon commander asked for volunteers to carry a message calling for reinforcements , Pvt . Blackwell volunteered for this mission , well knowing the extreme danger connected with it . In attempting to get through the heavy shell and machinegun fire this gallant soldier was killed .
Studholme Hodgson Field Marshal Studholme Hodgson ( 1708 – 20 October 1798 ) was a British Commander during the 18th century . He is best known for commanding the 1761 British expedition which captured Belle Île . Military career . Hodgson was commissioned into the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards in 1728 . In 1745 , Hodgson was appointed Aide - de - Camp to the Duke of Cumberland . Hodgson fought under Cumberland at the Battle of Fontenoy during the War of the Austrian Succession . Hodgson also fought under Cumberland at the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rebellion . During the time of the French and Indian War , Hodgson served as the correspondent of William Wildman Barrington , who was the Secretary at War starting in 1755 . In 1756 he raised a new Regiment ( later the 50th Regiment of Foot ) and led it at the Raid on Rochefort . He was a Lieutenant General in 1761 , and participated in the 7 April campaign to capture Belle Île , off the coast of France during the Seven Years ' War . This was probably one his more famous campaigns , and he became a field marshal on 30 July 1796 , a few years before his death .
Battery " B " , 1st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery Battery " B " , 1st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . Battery " B " was mustered into service at Chicago , Illinois on May 2 , 1861 for three months ' service . The battery was re - mustered for three years service at Cairo , Illinois on July 16 , 1861 . The battery was mustered out on July 23 , 1864 at Chicago , Illinois . Veterans and recruits were transferred to Battery " A " , 1st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery . The battery was recreated in March , 1865 by the redesignation of Bridges ' Independent Battery , Illinois Light Artillery . Total strength and casualties . The battery suffered 9 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 17 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 27 fatalities .
USS Hawkbill ( SSN - 666 ) USS " Hawkbill " ( SSN - 666 ) , a " Sturgeon " - class attack submarine , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the hawksbill , a large sea turtle . The name perpetuated the inadvertent misspelling of " hawksbill " in the naming of the first ship of the name , . " Hawkbill " was sometimes called " The Devil Boat " or the " Devilfish " because of her hull number ( 666 ) ; chapter 13 of the Bibles Book of Revelation , which begins " And I stood upon the sand of the sea , and saw a beast rise up out of the sea . . . " and ends " Here is wisdom . Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast : for it is the number of a man ; and his number is six hundred threescore and six ; " and the resulting association in Christianity of the number 666 with the Devil and the Antichrist . Construction and commissioning . The contract to build " Hawkbill " was awarded to the Mare Island Division of San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard in Vallejo , California , on 18 December 1964 and her keel was laid down there on 12 September 1966 . She was launched on 12 April 1969 , sponsored by Mrs . Bernard F . Roeder , the wife of Vice Admiral Bernard F . Roeder , Commander United States First Fleet , and commissioned on 4 February 1971 with Commander Christopher H . Brown in command . Service history . In 1980 , " Hawkbill " completed a scheduled overhaul of her reactor core at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard at Bremerton , Washington , with her crew berthed at Naval Submarine Base Bangor at Bangor , Washington . After sea trials and sound trials and port visits to Nanaimo , British Columbia , Canada ; Alameda , California ; and San Diego , California , " Hawkbill " returned to Pearl Harbor , Hawaii , commanded by Fredric Crawford . In 1982 , " Hawkbill " made a Western Pacific cruise with stops at Yokosuka , Japan ; Subic Bay , the Philippines ; Hong Kong ; and Guam . In early 1984 , " Hawkbill " deployed to the Arctic under the command of George Roletter , undertaking an 87 - day excursion under the polar ice cap which ended with a visit to Chinhae , South Korea . She also made weekend dependent cruises from Pearl Harbor to Lahaina , Maui , Hawaii , during 1984 . " Hawkbill " was decommissioned on 15 March 2000 , the last of the " short - hull " " Sturgeon " - class attack submarinees to be decommissioned , and that same day both was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and entered the Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for scrapping . Her scrapping was completed on 1 December 2000 . Commemoration . " Hawkbill " s sail was preserved and is exhibited in the Idaho Science Center in Arco , Idaho .
Eliezer Halfin Eliezer Halfin ( June 18 , 1948 – September 6 , 1972 ) was a wrestler for the Israeli Olympic team at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , Germany . Along with 10 other athletes and coaches he was taken hostage by Palestinian Black September terrorists . Eventually they were brought to a German airport and during an attempted rescue mission staged by the German police all the hostages died . Eliezer was a mechanic by profession and was born in Riga , USSR . He came to Israel in 1969 and officially became a citizen 7 months prior to his death . He left his parents and a sister . Eliezer was a lightweight wrestler and was active for 11 years . In Israel he was a member of Hapoel Tel Aviv club . He won 12th place in the world championships . During 1971 he placed second place in the international competition in Bucharest , Romania . In 1972 in Greece he placed 3rd . Participating in the 20th Olympic Games was the highlight of his career and his dream . Eliezer is buried in Kiryat Shaul cemetery in Tel Aviv . See also . http : / / www . munich11 . com / indexeh . htm
Federalist No . 25 Federalist No . 25 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton , the twenty - fifth of the " Federalist Papers " . It was published on December 21 , 1787 under the pseudonym Publius , the name under which all the " Federalist Papers " were published . It continues the discussion begun in Federalist No . 24 . No . 25 is titled , " The Same Subject Continued : The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered . " Summary . Still considering the criticism of maintaining the national forces from Federalist No . 24 , Publius now turns to the criticism that the States should provide for the national forces , rather than the Union as has been proposed . Publius states that this would undermine the purpose of creating a Union , because it would rely on the individual members to support the Union ' s common defense . He claims that this would be " oppressive to some States , dangerous to all , and baneful to the Confederacy . " In explaining the danger , Publius demonstrates that the territories of foreign nations surround the entirety of the Union , making the danger common to all the States . If one state in particular ( Publius uses New York as an example ) was attacked , it would be forced to provide all of its defense with no guarantee of support from other States . Publius explains that the States themselves are too prone to power and ambition for any of them to reasonably rely on the provision of defense in a time of crisis . Later in the essay , Publius shifts back to the general importance of a Union - created military that would remain standing even during times of peace . He explains that if the national forces could only be summoned during times of war , the Union would leave itself vulnerable to an initial strike . Without a standing military , the Union would have to " receive the blow before we could even prepare to return it . " Such a system would not be functional if the Union is unable to prepare in advance of military strikes by foreign powers .
USS John Sealy ( SP - 568 ) USS " John Sealy " ( SP - 568 ) , also spelled John Sealey , was a United States Navy minesweeper in commission during 1917 . " John Sealy " was built as a commercial steam tug of the same name in 1910 at West Lake , Louisiana . On 25 April 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , D . M . Picton , for use as a minesweeper on the section patrol during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " John Sealy " ( SP - 568 ) . After brief service as a minesweeper , " John Sealy " was returned to her owner on 10 August 1917 .