naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Titus Vinius Titus Vinius ( 12 - 69 ) was a Roman general who was one of the most powerful men in Rome during the reign of the Emperor Galba . Stories . Plutarch has a number of stories of Vinius ' early life , all to his discredit . He says that when as young man he was serving in his first campaign he brought his commander ' s wife into the camp by night disguised as a soldier , and had sex with her in the general ' s quarters . He was imprisoned for this by Caligula , but on that emperor ' s death was released . Later on , again according to Plutarch and Tacitus , when he was invited to supper by the emperor Claudius he stole a gold drinking cup . Claudius was told of this , and invited him to supper again the following evening . When Vinius came , Claudius made his point by having his attendants set earthenware plates before him instead of silver . Nevertheless Tacitus , who elsewhere describes him as " the most worthless of mankind " , says that as proconsul of Gallia Narbonensis he administered the province with strict integrity . As consul . Vinius was commander of one of the legions in Spain when Galba was governor there . When Galba was proclaimed emperor in 68 , Vinius accompanied him to Rome , where Galba chose him to be his colleague as consul . Vinius quickly came to have great influence , indeed it was said that he and two others , Cornelius Laco the commander of the Praetorian Guard and Galba ' s freedman Icellus , virtually controlled the emperor . The three were called " the three pedagogues " because of their influence on Galba . According to Suetonius and Plutarch Vinius was exceedingly greedy for money , prepared to do anything in return for a bribe . In particular he protected Tigellinus , who was blamed for having corrupted Nero , from retribution in exchange for a large bribe . Support for Otho , and death . In early 69 Galba was faced with the need to designate an heir . Titus Vinius supported Otho , having already secretly agreed that Otho should marry his daughter . Galba however for once refused to follow Vinius ' advice and instead selected Piso Licinianus as his adopted son and designated heir . Otho responded by persuading the Praetorian guard to proclaim him emperor instead of Galba . With turmoil in the streets , Titus Vinius advised Galba to remain in the palace and to arm the slaves in the palace to help defend it . Laco and Icelus however advised Galba to go out and show himself . Galba followed their advice , and was killed by the Praetorians . Vinius tried to run away , calling out that Otho had not ordered him killed , but was run through with a spear .
Henry Washington Hilliard Henry Washington Hilliard ( August 4 , 1808 – December 17 , 1892 ) was a U . S . Representative from Alabama . Early life . Hilliard was born in Fayetteville , North Carolina and was graduated from South Carolina College ( now the University of South Carolina ) at Columbia in 1826 . While at South Carolina College , he was active in the Euphradian Society . He studied law and moved to Athens , Georgia , where he was admitted to the bar in 1829 . He was a professor in the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa from 1831 to 1834 , when he resigned to practice law in Montgomery , Alabama . He served as member of the state house of representatives 1836 - 1838 , as member of the Whig National Convention at Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , in 1839 , Whig presidential elector in 1840 and was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twenty - seventh Congress in 1840 . He was chargé d ' affaires to Belgium from May 12 , 1842 , to August 15 , 1844 . Hilliard was elected as a Whig to the Twenty - ninth , Thirtieth , and Thirty - first Congresses ( March 4 , 1845 – March 3 , 1851 ) but he was not a candidate for renomination in 1850 . In 1856 , he served as presidential elector on the National American ticket . Civil War service . During the Civil War , he served as colonel in the Confederate States Army . Hilliard ' s Legion was organized at Montgomery , Alabama in June , 1862 , and consisted of five battalions ; one of these , a mounted battalion , was early detached and became part of the Tenth Confederate cavalry . The Legion proceeded to Montgomery nearly 3 , 000 strong , under the command of Col . H . W . Hilliard , and was placed in McCown ' s Brigade . It took part in the siege of Cumberland Gap , and spent the fall and winter in Kentucky and east Tennessee . Postbellum . He moved to Augusta , Georgia , in 1865 and resumed the practice of his profession . He was appointed by Jefferson Davis Confederate commissioner to Tennessee . He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1876 to the Forty - fifth Congress . He resumed the practice of law in Augusta , Georgia , moving later to Atlanta . He was Minister to Brazil 1877 - 1881 . He died in Atlanta , Georgia , December 17 , 1892 and was interred in Oakwood Cemetery , Montgomery , Alabama .
Melancthon Brooks Woolsey Melancthon Brooks Woolsey ( 11 August 1817 – 2 October 1874 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during and after the American Civil War . He was commodore of the South Atlantic Station in the 1870s . Biography . Woolsey was the first son of Commodore Melancthon Taylor Woolsey and Susan C . Treadwell ; he was born at Sacketts Harbor , New York . His brother James Treadwell Woolsey was born about 1820 . M . B . Woolsey entered the Navy as a midshipman on 24 September 1832 . After duty at sea and a tour at the Naval School , Woolsey became a midshipman on 16 July 1840 . He progressed through the rank of master to that of lieutenant by 1847 . He was placed on the reserve list as lieutenant by the retiring board in September 1855 . Lt . Woolsey was called back to active duty in 1861 as a result of the American Civil War . Assigned initially to the receiving ship at New York , Woolsey assumed command of the steamer " Ellen " by late 1861 and began patrol duty with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron . During that tour , his ship fought Confederate forces on three separate occasions . In May 1862 , he engaged Fort Pemberton at Wapper Creek , South Carolina . On 1 June , his ship repelled a Confederate cavalry attack at Secessionville . Three days later , he commanded " Ellen " during the attack on James Island . In July 1862 , he was promoted to commander and placed in command of the sloop " Vandalia " . That duty lasted until early 1863 , at which time he was transferred to command of the steamer " Princess Royal " . That ship was assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron and patrolled the coasts of Louisiana and Texas . On 28 June 1863 , " Princess Royal " helped to defend the town of Donaldsville , Louisiana , against a determined Southern attack , and Comdr . Woolsey received high commendation from his superiors for his ship ' s contribution to the successful defense of the town . He remained with the blockade through the end of the war and , by July 1866 , saw his name returned to the active list in the rank of captain . Following the Civil War , Capt . Woolsey commanded the sloop - of - war " Pawnee " on the South Atlantic Station in 1867 and 1868 . In 1869 , he took command of the South Atlantic Station flagship " Guerriere " . In 1871 , Woolsey was promoted to commodore , probably as flag officer in charge of the South Atlantic Station . His last tour of duty came in March 1873 , when he took over as commandant of the navy yard at Pensacola , Florida . Commodore Woolsey received orders detaching him from command of the navy yard in the summer of 1874 . At the time , an epidemic of yellow fever raged at Pensacola , and he deemed it necessary to remain at his post to prevent panic . He contracted the highly infectious disease and died at Pensacola in the summer of 1874 .
Rout A rout is a chaotic and disorderly retreat or withdrawal of troops from a battlefield , resulting in the victory of the opposing party , or following defeat , a collapse of discipline , or poor morale . A routed army often degenerates into a sense of " every man for himself " as the surviving combatants attempt to flee to safety . A disorganized rout often results in much higher casualties for the retreating force than an orderly withdrawal . On many occasions , more soldiers are killed in the rout than in the actual battle . Normally , though not always , routs either effectively end a battle , or provide the decisive victory the winner needs to gain the momentum with which to end a battle ( or even campaign ) in their favor . The opposite of a rout is a rally , in which a military unit that has been giving way and is on the verge of being routed suddenly gathers itself and turns back to the offensive . History . Historically , lightly equipped soldiers such as auxiliaries , light cavalry , partisans or militia were important when pursuing a fast - moving , defeated enemy force , and could often keep up the pursuit into the following day , causing the routed army heavy casualties or total dissolution . The slower moving heavy forces could then either seize objectives or pursue at leisure . However , with the advent of armoured warfare and " blitzkrieg " style operations , an enemy army could be kept more or less in a routed or disorganized state for days or weeks on end . In modern times , a routed formation will often cause a complete breakdown in the entire front , enabling the still - organized foe to attain a quick and decisive victory in the overall campaign . For example , in the blitzkrieg warfare that characterized World War II , the French Army was decisively defeated in the Battle of Sedan ( 1940 ) opening a 20 kilometer gap in Allied lines , into which Heinz Guderian poured his mechanized forces . German tanks kept the rout going for weeks , and the French were unable to stabilize their lines before the Wehrmacht occupied Paris and forced the capitulation of the French government . Tactics . Routs may be feigned to entice an enemy into pursuing the " retreating " force , with the intent of causing the enemy to abandon a strong defensive position or leading the enemy into a prepared ambush . However this carries some risk ; a feigned rout can quickly turn into a real one . It is thought that Breton cavalry performed this maneuver at the Battle of Hastings . Other uses of the term . A rout is also a synonym for an overwhelming defeat as well as a verb meaning " to put to disorderly retreat " or " to defeat utterly " , and is often used in sports to describe a blowout . In law , a rout is a disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons acting together in a manner that suggests an intention to riot , although they do not actually carry out the intention . Rout is personified as the eponymous deity in Homer ' s Iliad as the cowardly son of Ares . A rout is also one of several collective nouns for a group of snails .
M53 / 59 Praga The M53 / 59 Praga is a Czechoslovak self - propelled anti - aircraft gun developed in the late 1950s . It consists of a heavily modified Praga V3S six - wheel drive truck chassis , armed with a twin 30 mm AA autocannon mounted on the rear for which the vehicle typically carries 900 rounds of ammunition , each gun being gravity fed from distinctive 50 round magazines . The vehicle has an armoured cabin . In Czechoslovakia it was known as Praga PLDvK vz . 53 / 59 - " Ještěrka " ( PLDvK Model 53 / 59 - " Lizard " ) . PLDvK stands for " Protiletadlový dvojkanón = Anti - aircraft twin - gun . The system is optically aimed , and can only be used effectively during the day with good weather conditions . The gun can be dismounted and used independently of the vehicle . The vehicle is now obsolete , but it can be used effectively as ground support weapon against unarmored or lightly armoured targets ( as it was shown during Yugoslav wars ) . It remains in service with armies of Czech Republic , Egypt , Libya , Slovakia and the Former Yugoslavia . When Czechoslovakia imported one Soviet - made ZSU - 57 - 2 for testing it considered it to be comparable to M53 / 59 which was the reason for which Czechoslovakia refused the Soviet SPAAG .
70th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 70th Infantry Brigade was a British Territorial Army unit during the First and Second World Wars . History . Originally part of the British 23rd Division ( and briefly British 8th Division ) during World War I , the Brigade was reformed in the interwar period as part of the British 50th ( Northumbrian ) Infantry Division . It was transferred to the British 23rd ( Northumbrian ) Division under which it was involved in the Battle of France in 1940 and the retreat from Dunkirk . After escaping France , the brigade became part of the British 49th ( West Riding ) Infantry Division . It went with the division to Iceland in 1941 for a chilly garrison stay , before returning to England in November of that year . It spent the remaining two and a half years training before landing in Normandy on 12 June 1944 . During Operation Martlet , the preparatory attack for Operation Epsom that took place on 25 June 1944 , the brigade was heavily engaged around the village of Rauray with elements from the 12th SS Panzer and 26th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiments of 12th SS Panzer Division . The Brigade then fought a bloody battle around Rauray as Kampfgruppe Weidinger of 2nd SS Panzer Division counter - attacked between 29 June and 1 July . For this it was given the battle honour of ' The Odon ' Thereafter it fought south of Tilly - sur - Seulles , before following the 49th Division ' s initial drive during I Corps ' drive to the Seine in late August . On 19 August , the brigade was withdrawn from the frontline and began to disband to fill the increasing gap in available infantry reinforcements . By 19 October 1944 , it ceased to exist . Its place in the 49th Division was taken by the 56th Independent Infantry Brigade . During the Mau Mau uprising , East Africa Command controlled 39th Infantry Brigade , 49th Infantry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) , and 70th ( East African ) Infantry Brigade . Later 70th ( East African ) Brigade became the basis for the newly independent Kenya Army . Brigade headquarters was at Nyeri where the Brigade Signals Troop was also located . May have operated from 1953 onwards .
Theophilus Gould Steward Theophilus Gould Steward ( 17 April 1843 – 11 January 1924 ) was an American author , educator , clergyman . He was a U . S . Army chaplain and Buffalo Soldier of 25th U . S . Colored Infantry . Life and career . Early years . Steward was born to James Steward and Rebecca Gould in Gouldtown , New Jersey . The son of free Blacks reared in a family that stressed education , he received his formal education in the Gouldtown public schools . Career . Steward was ordained a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1863 . Following the Civil War , Steward helped organize the A . M . E . Church in South Carolina and Georgia . He was also active in Reconstruction politics in Georgia . After the war he graduated from the Episcopal Divinity School of Philadelphia , and later was awarded a Doctor of Divinity degree from Wilberforce University in Wilberforce , Ohio , in 1881 . From 1872 to 1891 Steward established a church in Haiti and preached in the eastern United States . In 1891 he joined the 25th U . S . Colored Infantry , serving as its chaplain until 1907 , including service in Cuba during the Spanish - American War , and in the Philippines . Between 1907 and his death on 11 January 1924 , Steward was a professor of history , French , and logic at Wilberforce University . Personal life . Steward was married to Elizabeth Gadsden ( d . 1893 ) with whom he had eight sons : Frank Rudolph ( b . 1872 ; Stephen Hunter ( b . 1874 ) , Theophilus Bolden ( b . 1879 ) , Charles , James , Benjamin , Walter , and Gustavus ( b . 1883 ) . His second wife was Dr . Susan Smith McKinney , the third African - American physician in the United States .
98th Indian Infantry Brigade The 98th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in April 1941 , at Bareilly . The brigade served with three different divisions in the Burma Campaign . The 34th Indian Infantry Division between October 1941 and January 1942 . The 25th Indian Infantry Division between January and March 1942 and the 19th Indian Infantry Division from March 1942 , until the end of the war .
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo , 4th Duke of Alba Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán , 4th Duke of Alba , Grandee of Spain , ( in full , ) , ( 21 November 1537 – 11 December , 1583 ) , was a commander in the Spanish army during the Eighty Years ' War . He was the second son of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo , 3rd Duke of Alba , and he became the fourth Duke after his father ' s death . His titles included Duke of Huéscar , Marquis of Coria and Comendador Mayor in the Order of Calatrava . Don Fadrique , was commander of the Spanish troops during the most bloody phase of the war in the Netherlands . He was in charge of the Spanish troops that slaughered the populations of Mechelen , Zutphen and Naarden , as well as during the costly Siege of Haarlem . His army failed in the siege of Alkmaar , and he had to retreat . His father the Duke did not approve of that — he was afraid of his son ' s reputation that was already not good with Philip II of Spain , their King . Fadrique had in fact in 1566 promised to marry Magdalena de Guzman , lady of Queen Anne of Austria , but resiled from it , costing him arrest and imprisonment in the Castle of La Mota , Medina del Campo , Valladolid . The following year he was released so he could go abroad to fight . In 1578 Philip II ordered the case reopened against Fadrique , during which it was discovered that in order to prevent the marriage with Magdalena de Guzman , Fadrique had secretly married by proxy to María de Toledo , daughter of García Álvarez de Toledo and Osorio , IV Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo , with the permission of his father the Duke of Alba , in contravention of the provisions of the King . Fadrique was again confined in the Castillo de la Mota and his father was banished from the court . < br > Fadrique had no surviving children from his marriage with María de Toledo , and was succeeded by his nephew Antonio Álvarez de Toledo . Don Fadrique ' s health had deteriorated after 1573 . He was Duke between December 11 , 1582 and December 11 , 1583 .
USCGC Harriet Lane ( WMEC - 903 ) USCGC " Harriet Lane " ( WMEC - 903 ) is a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter . Named for Harriet Lane , niece and official hostess of President James Buchanan . " Harriet Lane " was constructed by Tacoma Boatbuilding , Tacoma , Washington and delivered 20 September 1984 . History . " Harriet Lane " was commissioned in May 1984 and has served the Coast Guard and the nation with distinction ; conducting Coast Guard and national defense missions from Maine to South America and even into the Pacific Northwest . In 1994 , as the Commander of Operation Able Manner forces , she directed the rescue of thousands of Haitian and Cuban migrants flowing across the Windward Passage and Florida Straits toward U . S . shores . During this mass migration , " Harriet Lane ' s " crew saved over 2 , 400 migrants , directed 15 cutters , an aerostat and multiple aircraft . She has twice been Present day " Harriet Lane " a key U . S . participant in the annual UNITAS multi - national exercise with South American navies , in 1994 and 1997 . In 1995 , " Harriet Lane " conducted a trial Alaska patrol to determine the feasibility of placing a WMEC in the Seventeenth District . In 1996 , " Harriet Lane " was the on scene commander for much of the initial search and recovery of TWA Flight 800 off Long Island . She escorted an international fleet of tall ships during the OPSAIL 2000 Parade of Sail . Most recently , exhibiting the Coast Guard ’ s multi - mission nature and typical of " Harriet Lane ' s " twenty years of service , she stood as a maritime security sentry in Charleston , South Carolina Harbor for the Operation Iraqi Freedom load - out , then moved south to the Caribbean and seized two tons of cocaine headed for the U . S . , and finally , rescued several hundred migrants attempting to reach the U . S . in unseaworthy boats . Most recently in May 2010 , " Harriet Lane " was directly involved in response efforts of the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico after the major explosion that sank the rig . This was considered the worst environmental disaster in US history .
HMCS Cowichan ( J146 ) HMCS " Cowichan " ( J146 ) was a that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II . She was commissioned in July 1941 , and she wore pennant J146 until she was paid off in October 1945 . She was sold to Greece in 1946 . Immediately preceding the D - Day Invasions of June 6 , 1944 , HMCS Cowichan was tasked , as part of a larger allied mine sweeper squadron , with mine clearance of Omaha Beach . HMCS Cowichan swept and destroyed 26 total mines prior to American forces landing on Omaha Beach .
USS LST - 557 USS " LST - 557 " was a United States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1946 . Construction and commissioning . " LST - 557 " was laid down on 8 February 1944 at Evansville , Indiana , by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company . She was launched on 11 April 1944 , sponsored by Mrs . Edward J . Baechle , and commissioned on 5 May 1944 . Service history . During World War II , " LST - 557 " was assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations . She participated in the capture and occupation of the southern Palau Islands in September and October 1944 . She then took part in the Philippines campaign , participating in the Leyte landings in October and November 1944 and the invasion of Lingayen Gulf in January 1945 . She then participated in the assault on and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 557 " performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw service in China until late May 1946 . Decommissioning and transfer to Republic of China . " LST - 557 " was decommissioned and transferred to the Republic of China as lend - lease on 29 May 1946 . She was stricken from the Navy List on 12 March 1948 . In the Republic of China Navy she served as ROCS " Chung Hsing " ( LST - 215 ) . Honors and awards . " LST - 557 " earned four battle star s for her World War II service .