naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of San Matteo The Battle of San Matteo took place in the late summer of 1918 on the Punta San Matteo ( 3678 m ) during World War I . It was regarded as the highest battle in history until it was surpassed in 1999 by the Kargil Conflict at 5600m . At the beginning of 1918 Austro - Hungarian troops set up a fortified position with small artillery pieces on the top of the San Matteo Peak , from which they were able to shell the road to the Gavia Pass and thus harass the Italian supply convoys to the front line . On August 13 , 1918 a small group of Italian Alpini ( 307th Company , Ortles Battalion ) conducted a surprise attack taking the fortified position , half of the Austro - Hungarian soldiers were taken prisoner and the other half fled to lower positions . The loss of the San Matteo Peak constituted a loss of face to imperial Austria , and reinforcements were immediately sent to the region while the Italians were still organizing their defence on the top of the peak . On September 3 , 1918 the Austro - Hungarian started operation " Gemse " , an attack aimed to retake the mountain . A large scale artillery bombardment , followed by the assault of at least 150 Kaiserschützen of the ( 3rd kuk Kaiserjäger Regiment from Dimaro ) was eventually successful and the lost position was retaken . The Italians , who already considered the mountain lost , began a counter - bombardment of the fortified positions , causing many victims among both the defending Italian and the Austro - Hungarian troops . The base of the peak lies at 2800m altitude and it takes a four - hour ice climb up a glacier to reach the top . The Austro - Hungarians lost 17 men in the battle and the Italians 10 . This was the last Austro - Hungarian victory in World War I . The Armistice of Villa Giusti , concluded on November 3 , 1918 at 15 : 00 at Villa Giusti ( near Padua ) ended the Alpine War in these mountains on November 4 , 1918 at 1500 h . In the summer of 2004 the ice - encased bodies of three Kaiserschützen were found at 3400m , near the peak .
213th Area Support Group ( United States ) The 213th Regional Support Group ( RSG ) is a unit of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard . The 213th RSG mission is to provide command and control of the twenty - two separate Pennsylvania Army National Guard units assigned to the headquarters for operational and administrative control . This force consist of more than 1 , 000 soldiers from the eastern and central parts of the state . The 213th RSG is one of the two major commands in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard , the other being the 28th Infantry Division ( Keystone ) . History . The units of the 213th Group continually provide support to units and organizations throughout the United States and the world . In 2009 , the Group provided abbreviated Reception , Staging , and Onward Integration services for the G - 20 Summit in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , processing over 2500 troops into the Area of Responsibility . In 2007 - 2008 the Group deployed to Balad , Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . During this mission , it served as one of five sustainment brigades assigned to the 316th Expeditionary Sustainment Command headquartered in Coraopolis , Pennsylvania . In 2005 , immediately after Hurricane Katrina made landfall , the Group quickly deployed to Metairie , New Orleans in support of Katrina Relief , acting as a command and control for the Intermediate Staging Base at Zephyr Stadium . A tour in Afghanistan from 2003 - 2004 found the area support group providing command and control for bases in Bargram , Kandahar , and Kabal , Afghanistan along with an additional command and control cell in Uzbekistan . In 1997 , the group sent 50 members of its " Headquarters Company " to Hungary in support of NATO peacekeeping operations in Bosnia . One year earlier it had proved its mettle in providing combat service support to an active duty brigade during a field training exercise in Louisiana at the Joint Readiness Training Center . Throughout the past decade , Group subordinate units have performed yeoman ' s work in fighting the War on Terror . During blizzards , floods and civil emergencies , all the units of the Group stand ready to assist the communities and people of the Commonwealth . Missions . Federal . The mission of the 213th Regional Support Group is to provide command and control , structure for non - major combat operations , and assist assigned Active Component or Reserve Component units in meeting training , readiness and deployment requirements . State . Provide command and control , assist assigned units in meeting training , readiness and deployment requirements . Support State Emergency Operations as required , and operate Logistics Base Operations at multiple locations . Units . The peacetime structure of the 213th Regional Support Group consists of the following elements :
HMS Musketeer ( G86 ) HMS " Musketeer " was a M - class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during World War II . She was ordered from Fairfield ' s , Govan , Glasgow on 7 September 1939 under the 1939 Build Programme and laid down on 7 December the same year . She was launched on 2 December 1941 and completed on 18 September 1942 at a cost of £462 , 543 . " Musketeer " was adopted in December 1941 by the community of East Barnet , now part of Greater London . " Musketeer " was the second RN ship to carry this name : the first was a destroyer built in 1919 and sold in 1921 . HMS " Musketeer " commissioned on 9 September 1942 and joined the Home Fleet as part of the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla covering the North Sea and the North Western Approaches . In November 1942 she was switched to duty with the convoys to the USSR , protecting merchant shipping delivering vital supplies to Russia for her war against Nazi Germany . This was a role that " Musketeer " was to perform for most of her wartime service , although from May to September 1943 , following a refit , she once again served in the Home Fleet guarding the Western Approaches . On 27 September 1943 she took part in a mission in support of RAF attempts to neutralise the German battleship Tirpitz , when she ferried RAF personnel from the Faroe Islands to Murmansk . Murmansk was the base for reconnaissance flights to the Tripitz ' s anchorage in the Altenfjord in Norway . These flights were used in the planning of an eventual RAF bombing raid on the battleship . On 25 February 1944 the " Musketeer " was involved in a collision with the Polish destroyer " Blyskawica " , breaking off from convoy duty to be taken in hand for repair by Brigham and Cowan shipyard in Hull . Repairs were completed by the end of March 1944 and in early April the ship was again back on Russian convoy duty . On 3 October 1944 , " Musketeer " was assigned for service in the Eastern Mediterranean . She worked mainly in the Aegean supporting the re - capture of enemy - held islands and operating against the small Greek Communist ships of the ELAN . Following VE day in May 1945 " Musketeer " continued her service in the Mediterranean and helped in the support of the garrisons in Trieste and mainland Greece .
Thorneycroft carbine The Thorneycroft carbine was one of the earliest bullpup rifles , developed by an English gunsmith in 1901 as patent No . 14 , 622 of July 18 , 1901 . This bolt - action rifle featured a bullpup action in which the retracted bolt slid back through the stock nearly to the shooter ' s shoulder , maximising the space available in the body of the firearm . The rifle was chambered in the contemporary . 303 British service cartridge , and held five rounds in an internal magazine . The Thorneycroft was shorter and 10 % lighter than the standard Lee - Enfield rifle used by the British military at the time . However , when tested at Hythe the firearm exhibited excessive recoil and poor ergonomics , and was not adopted for military service .
Edward Simpson ( governor ) Edward E . Simpson was a United States Navy officer who briefly served as the acting 20th Naval Governor of Guam from May 8 , 1916 to May 30 , 1916 . Simpson , commandant of the U . S . Naval Base Subic Bay and the U . S . Naval Station Sangley Point , took the position pending the arrival of appointed Governor Captain Roy Campbell Smith . Prior to his command , he served as a naval attaché to London in 1911 .
1 South African Infantry Battalion 1 South African Infantry Battalion is a mechanized infantry unit of the South African Army . History . Established as 1 SA Infantry Training Battalion at Oudtshoorn , ( hence the ostrich feathers on the unit insignia ) on 26 January 1951 , the unit became part of the infantry corps with its establishment in January 1954 . The unit was reconstituted as 1 SA Infantry Battalion in November 1967 and moved to its current base at Tempe near Bloemfontein , in November 1973 . The unit became mechanised in 1976 , and the first Ratel infantry combat vehicle course was presented by Major Roland de Vries . Full scale mechanised training commenced the next year , and in 1978 the unit took part in Operation Reindeer . The unit was later involved in operations Sceptic , Protea , Daisy , Askari and Moduler . Lt JJ du Toit and LCpl AT Rutherford were awarded Honoris Crux decorations during Sceptic and Cpl AD Burgers received the same after Protea . Mechanised leader training at 1 SAI commenced in 1979 .
Hispano – Italian Amphibious Battle Group The Hispano – Italian Amphibious Force ( SIAF ) is one of 18 European Union battle groups . It consists of 1500 Marines with manpower contributed from the participating countries . Order of battle . The unit uses a modular organization . The primary core of the unit is made up by the Spanish Brigada de Infantería de Marina ( BRIMAR of the Spanish Marines ) and the Italian San Marco Regiment . It also has attached units from the Spanish and Italian Navies :
M1938 mortar The Soviet M1938 120 - millimeter mortar was an improved version ( its base - plate was changed from square to round form , etc . ) of the Mortier Brandt de 120 mm mle 1935 , which was imported to the USSR before the capitulation of France in 1940 . and later produced by the Soviets in large quantities with an estimated 12 , 000 12 cm mortars being produced by the end of World War II . Its large production allowed the Red Army to make significant use of this mortar by treating it as an artillery piece in World War II in addition to using it as regimental high angle fire support . The Germans captured large quantities of this weapon and adopted it for their own use , eventually leading to the development of their own 12 cm Granatwerfer 42 . The Finnish and Romanians also made use of captured stocks of French and Soviet weapons and eventually Romanians also created their own designs , the " Reșița Model 1942 " . These mortars were kept in production long after the war and sold to Soviet allies . Its last significant use in battle was seen in the Vietnam War , used by the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam . Users have particularly liked the weapon for its uniquely designed towing carriage , which made it easy to limber up in a single movement , using hooks on the weapon ' s base - plate . It is typically deployed to support infantry units , and is the heaviest weapon that can be reasonably transported by soldiers on foot . The weapon weighed , and could be separated into three parts . Its maximum range was ( its German version can fire the shell to ) .
Synthetic natural environment A Synthetic Natural Environment ( SNE ) is the representation in a synthetic environment of the physical world within which all models of military systems exist and interact ( i . e . climate , weather , terrain , oceans , space , etc . ) . It includes both data and models representing the elements of the environment , their effects on military systems , and models of the impact of military systems on environmental variables ( e . g . contrails , dust clouds from moving vehicles , spoil from combat engineering ) . History . The term SNE was born out of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) ' s Synthetic Theater of War " Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration , " ca . 1998 . Evolution . Although SNE was meant to include cultural features ( see Synthetic human - made environment ) ( e . g . buildings , bridges , roads ) since its conception , the word " natural " in SNE made the term confusing . Furthermore , the original term SNE was not meant to include cultural factors ( see Synthetic psychological environment ) .
USS Compass Island ( AG - 153 ) " Compass Island " ( EAG - 153 ) was launched 24 October 1953 as " Garden Mariner " by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation , Camden , New Jersey and sponsored by Mrs . H . A . Smith . Acquired by the Navy 29 March 1956 and commissioned 3 December 1956 , Commander J . A . Dare in command . " Compass Island " was one of two ships , the other being USS " Observation Island " ( E - AG - 154 ) , converted and classified as navigational research test vessels under the Polaris Missile system budget . " Compass Island ' s " conversion was at an estimated cost of $ 19 , 600 , 000 . The ship ' s mission was to assist in the development and evaluation of a navigation system independent of shore - based and celestial aids , a necessary adjunct of the ballistic missile program . She operated along the eastern seaboard testing equipment and training personnel until 13 March 1958 when she sailed from New York for experiments in the Mediterranean , returning to New York 17 April to resume her east coast operations . A dramatic example of her work was provided when USS " Nautilus " ( SSN - 571 ) , using the Shipboard Inertial Navigation System ( SINS ) first tested by " Compass Island " in 1957 , made a submerged cruise beneath the Arctic ice pack , touching exactly at the North Pole on 3 August 1958 . The INS hardware was the N6A - 1 built by North American Aviation , a naval modification of the N6A designed for the Navaho cruise missile . It had also been installed on the USS " Skate " ( SSN - 578 ) , along with the " Nautilus " , following successful sea trials on the " Compass Island " . USS " Skate " reached the North Pole the week after " Nautilus " , and in the following year became the first vessel to surface at the North Pole . On 10 September 1958 , " Compass Island " entered New York Naval Shipyard for overhaul and installation of additional navigational equipment to be tested . With this new equipment , she continued her east coast and Caribbean cruising through 1960 . In 2003 , " Compass Island " and three other decommissioned US Navy ships , USS " Caloosahatchee " ( AO - 98 ) , USS " Canopus " ( AS - 34 ) , and USS " Canisteo " ( AO - 99 ) , were towed to the port city of Hartlepool in the United Kingdom to be scrapped , but UK environmentalists protested their arrival at Able UK , the salvage company . Work to dismantle a controversial fleet of former US warships was slated to begin in the summer of 2008 , five years after the company originally won the scrapping contract .
Gotha Go 244 The Gotha Go 244 was a transport aircraft used by the " Luftwaffe " during World War II . Development . The Go 244 was the powered version of the Gotha Go 242 military glider transport . Studies for powered versions of the Go 242 began early in the design of the glider , with one early proposal being for modification to allow a single Argus As 10C engine to be temporarily attached to the nose of the glider to allow recovery back to base after use . This idea was rejected , but the alternative of a permanently powered twin - engined version was taken forward . Three Go 242s were modified as prototypes of the powered Go 244 , fitted with varying surplus radial engines . The first prototype , the Go 244 V1 was powered by two 660 hp ( 492 kW ) BMW 132 , while the second prototype had 700 hp ( 522 kW ) Gnome - Rhône 14M s and the third 750 hp ( 560 kW ) Shvetsov M - 25 A engines . Although only the third prototype offered adequate engine out performance , the Luftwaffe had large stocks of captured Gnome engines , so this was chosen as the basis for the production conversion , although a few more aircraft were fitted with the BMW and Shvetsov engines . The B series was the main production model , being based on the Go 242B with a wheeled tricycle undercarriage and with fuel and oil carried in the tailbooms . 133 were converted from Go 242 Bs , while a further 41 were built from new before production reverted to the glider Go 242 . Plans were also created for single - engined variants with a nose - mounted Argus A 10C or Junkers Jumo 211 . Operational history . The first examples of the Go 244 were delivered to operational units in Greece , based in Crete in March 1942 . Some were also assigned to transport " Geschwader " in North Africa and the Eastern Front but on the former front they proved vulnerable to anti - aircraft fire and were withdrawn , being replaced by Junkers Ju 52 or Messerschmitt Me 323 aircraft .
HMS H34 HMS " H34 " was a British H class submarine built by Cammell Laird , Birkenhead . She was laid down on 20 November 1917 and was commissioned on 10 September 1919 . HMS " H34 " was one of the seven H class submarines to survive until the end of World War II . She was sold for scrapping in Troon in July 1945 .
AA - 1 - class submarine The AA - 1 class was a class of three experimental submarine s of the United States Navy , built toward the end of World War I , between 1916 and 1919 . The design was not a success and none of the submarines saw active service . However , the lessons learned were applied to the design of the later V - boat s . History . In the early 1910s , only a dozen years after " Holland " inaugurated the Navy ' s undersea force , naval strategists had already begun to wish for submarines that could operate as long range reconnaissance vessels , in closer collaboration with the surface fleet than the Navy ' s existing classes , which had been designed primarily for coastal defense . These notional " fleet " submarines would necessarily be larger and better armed , but primarily , they would need a surface speed of some 21 knots ( 39 km / h ) to be able to maneuver with the battleship s and cruisers of the line . In the summer of 1913 , Electric Boat ' s chief naval architect , former naval constructor Lawrence Y . Spear , proposed two preliminary fleet - boat designs for consideration in the Navy ' s 1914 program . In the ensuing authorization of eight submarines , Congress specified that one should " be of a seagoing type to have a surface speed of not less than twenty knots . " This first fleet boat , laid down in June 1916 , was named " Schley " after Spanish - American War hero Winfield Scott Schley . With a displacement of 1 , 106 tons surfaced , 1 , 487 tons submerged , on a length of 270 feet ( 82 m ) , " Schley " ( later " AA - 1 " , and finally " T - 1 " ) was twice as large as any previous U . S . submarine . To achieve the required surface speed , two tandem 1 , 000 - horsepower ( 0 . 75 MW ) diesel engines on each shaft drove twin screws , and a separate diesel generator was provided for charging batteries . Although " Schley " and two sisters authorized in 1915 - - " AA - 2 " ( later " T - 2 " ) , and " AA - 3 " ( later " T - 3 " ) - - all made their design speed of 20 knots ( 37 km / h ) , insoluble torsional vibration problems with their tandem engines made them very troublesome ships . They were based out of Hampton Roads , Virginia as part of Submarine Division 15 in the Atlantic Fleet . On 17 July 1920 , the three boats were reclassified as Fleet Submarines and given the designations SF - 1 , SF - 2 , and SF - 3 . Their names were changed to " T - 1 " , " T - 2 " , and " T - 3 " on 22 September 1920 . All three boats had been decommissioned by 1923 and placed into storage in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Between 1925 and 1927 , " T - 3 " was restored to service in order to test German diesel engines , then returned to Philadelphia . All three were struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 19 September 1930 and sold for scrap on 20 November 1930 .
HNLMS De Ruyter ( 1935 ) HNLMS " De Ruyter " ( ) was a unique light cruiser of the Royal Netherlands Navy . She was originally designed as a ship with a lighter armament due to financial problems and the pacifist movement . Later in the design stage , an extra gun turret was added and the armor was improved . She was the seventh ship of the Dutch Navy to be named after Admiral Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter . " De Ruyter " was laid down on 16 September 1933 at the Wilton - Fijenoord dockyard in Schiedam and commissioned on 3 October 1936 , commanded by Captain A . C . van der Sande Lacoste . She was sunk in the Battle of the Java Sea in 1942 . Design . " De Ruyter " was designed during the Great Depression , which , in addition to being a period of economical depression , was also a period in which pacifism was widespread in the Netherlands . For these reasons , the design was officially called a " flottieljeleider " ( flotilla leader ) instead of a cruiser , and every effort was made to cut costs . Its function was to aid the two existing cruisers of the " Java " class in the defence of the Dutch East Indies ; the idea was that with three cruisers , there would always be two cruisers available , even if one cruiser had to be repaired . However , due to the cost - cutting policy that went into her design , " De Ruyter " was not quite up to her task . Her main battery ( 7 × 150 mm guns ) was underpowered in comparison to other light cruisers of the time ( for example the British " Leander class " ) , and the class had inadequate armour as well . However , her fire control system was excellent , as well as her anti - aircraft battery . Service history . During World War II , " De Ruyter " saw repeated action in the Dutch East Indies in fruitless attempts to ward off the Japanese invasion . She was damaged by air attack in the battle of Bali Sea on 4 February 1942 , but not seriously . She fought in the battle of Badung Strait on 18 February . In the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February , " De Ruyter " was the flagship of the Dutch Rear - Admiral Karel Doorman , with his flag captain Eugène Lacomblé ( who had previously served on board the ship as a lieutenant ) . Off the north coast off Java on the evening of the 27th the remains of the ABDA fleet was surprised by the Japanese heavy cruiser s and . " De Ruyter " was hit by a single Type 93 torpedo fired by " Haguro " at about 23 : 30 , and she sank at about 02 : 30 the next morning with the loss of 345 men , including Admiral Doorman and Captain Lacomblé . Her wreck was found after the war and declared a war grave , with only the ship ' s bell — now in the Kloosterkerk in the Hague — being recovered .
D - Day Museum The D - Day Museum is located in Southsea , near Portsmouth in Hampshire , England . Opened in 1984 by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother , it tells the story of Operation Overlord during the Normandy D - Day landings . The museum houses the " Overlord embroidery " and the display involves a film show including original footage and archive film . The D - Day Museum is home to the Overlord Embroidery and was specially built to hold it . The Overlord Embroidery took five years to complete and measures 272 feet long . It is the largest work of its kind in the world . Visitors are handed a Soundalive device upon entering the museum , which allows them to hear an audio commentary . As well as the film and embroidery there are also vehicles and displays of other material associated with D - Day and the war . The museum has its own shop and restaurant .