naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Erwan Bergot Erwan Bergot ( 27 January 1930 , Bordeaux – 1 May 1993 ) was a French Army officer and author ; he served in the French Army during the First Indochina War and Algerian War . Biography . Born to a Breton family in Bordeaux , Erwan Bergot volunteered to serve in Indochina after completing his mandatory military service in 1951 . He served in the 6th Colonial Parachute Battalion under Major Marcel Bigeard , after that he commanded the heavy mortar company of the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu . He was taken prisoner and experienced the hell of the Viet Minh interment camps ; he was among the few that survived . In 1955 , Bergot was recalled to serve in Algeria in the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment and 11e Choc . He was seriously wounded in his right eye during a clash at Constantine in 1961 , leaving the frontline to write and report . He became the first editor of the magazine of the French Army in 1962 , writing his first book in 1964 , " Deuxième classe à Dien - Bien - Phu " , which achieved immediate success . He then dedicated himself completely to writing , which resulted in around fifty books and additional notority . He received numerous literary awards including the prize of the Académie française and the Claude Farrère prize . The French Army annually awards an Erwan Bergot prize .
Fedlim Ó Conchobair Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair ( properly Felimid ) ( 1293 – 1316 ) was King of Connacht in Ireland from 1310 to 1316 . His father , Aedh Ó Conchobair , was killed in battle at Coill an Clochain by Aed Breifnech Ua Conchobair . His place was taken by Ruaidri mac Cathal Ua Conchobair who nevertheless ruled for less than a year ; the annals laconically note in 1310 that " Felim , the son of Hugh , son of Owen O ' Conor , assumed the place of his father . " Felim was killed at the Second Battle of Athenry at the head of a massive Irish army thought to comprise at least two and a half thousand men , mainly from Connacht , with allies from the midlands and Ulster . A son , Aedh mac Felim Ua Conchobair , would later become King of Connacht , as would his grandson , Tairdelbach mac Aedh Ua Conchobair .
USS Munaires ( ID - 2197 ) USS " Munaires " ( ID - 2197 ) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919 . SS " Munaires " was built as a commercial cargo ship at Newport News , Virginia , by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company for the Munson Steamship Lines of New York City . She was delivered to the Munson Line on 5 January 1918 , but the United States Shipping Board acquired her from Munson on 10 January 1918 for World War I service . On 14 January 1918 , the Shipping Board transferred her to the U . S . Navy , which assigned her the naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) 2197 and commissioned her the same day as USS " Munaires " with Lieutenant Commander F . A . Gaimard , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service , " Munaires " departed New York City on 27 January 1918 in convoy for Europe , arriving at Bordeaux , France , on 17 February 1918 to discharge her cargo of United States Army supplies . Clearing Gironde , France , on 24 April 1918 , she returned to the United States East Coast , arriving at New York City on 7 May 1918 . " Munaires " made four more round - trip runs to French ports with U . S . Army materials , mostly corn and blankets , the last of these voyages ending at New York City on 20 December 1918 . On 7 January 1919 , " Munaires " got underway for South America , stopping along the way at Hampton Roads , Virginia , to load coal . Arriving at La Plata , Argentina , on 12 February 1919 , she unloaded her cargo and steamed back to New York City , which she reached on 4 April 1919 . On 6 April 1919 " Munaires " was decommissioned . The Navy transferred her to the United States Shipping Board on 25 April 1919 for return to the Munson Steamship Lines . Once again SS " Munaires " , she operated for the Munson Line in commercial service until she was torpedoed and sunk during World War II on 28 September 1942 .
Djedeida Airfield Djedeida Airfield is an airfield in Tunisia , located approximately 10 km east - northeast of El Battan , and 30 km west of Tunis . The airfield was built prior to 1942 and used by the German Luftwaffe . It was raided by elements of the US 1st battalion of the 1st Armored Regiment on 25 November 1942 , but the US forces were forced to withdraw due to lack of infantry support . It continued operations under the Germans until seized by the American II Corps on 8 May 1943 . After being repaired by Army engineers , it was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the North African Campaign . Known units assigned were : When the fighters moved out at the end of November , the airfield became a servicing depot of Air Technical Service Command until the end of January 1944 when the Americans left the area . Today in aerial imagery , the airfield looks almost like it did in 1943 . The runway , although deteriorated , along with all of the taxiways and aircraft hardstands are very much in evidence . It is unclear what the current use of the facility is .
Douglas Cunnington Colonel Douglas George Leopold Cunnington ( born : April 20 , 1885 Bridgnorth , Shropshire , England - died : May 9 , 1973 ) was a farmer , advertising agent , insurance salesman , soldier and a politician at the federal and municipal levels in Canada . Early life . Cunnington for a time lived in British Guiana , he moved to Canada in 1910 settling in British Columbia , a year later he moved east to the Calgary region and setup a dairy farm . Military career . Cunnington joined the Canadian Forces in 1915 during World War I . He rose through the ranks to become a Colonel . He was shot and believed killed in action at Battle of Amiens . He was instead taken prisoner , and his wounds were treated by the Germans . He remained a Prisoner of War until the cessation of hostilities . ( In a curious incident that received attention in the press , the German troops who took him prisoner left behind some of his effects . These were subsequently found , and identified , by Canadian troops who happened upon the scene . Presuming the colonel to be dead , the items were interred under a marker inscribed with his name , and a photograph taken of the grave was forwarded to Cunnington ' s wife . Thus , the Cunnington family possessed a photograph of what was believed to be Col . Cunnington ' s grave several decades before his actual death . ) After being released by the Germans in 1919 Cunnington got a job as an advertising agent with the Calgary Herald . He left that position in 1926 to establish an insurance business . Political career . Cunnington was elected to Calgary City Council for the first time in 1935 he served as an Alderman until 1939 when he made the jump to federal politics . Cunnington ran for the Canadian House of Commons in the Calgary West electoral district in a by - election held on January 28 , 1939 . He would replace former Prime Minister Richard Bennett as the representative for that district , by acclaimation as the Liberal candidate withdrew . After his acclimation Cunnington moved his family to Ottawa , Ontario he took his seat in the Canadian House of Commons on January 25 , 1940 the same day that parliament was dissolved . Cunnington would return to Calgary to contest the election be defeated by Manley Edwards a candidate from the Liberals in the 1940 Canadian federal election . In that election Cunnington ran under the National Government banner . He would not return to federal politics .
Alcázar An alcázar ( , ) , alcácer ( ) or alcàsser ( ) is a type of castle in Spain and Portugal built by kings to live in . The term derives from the Arabic word القصر ( trans . " al - qasr " ) meaning " fort , castle or palace " while the Arabic word is possibly in turn derived from the Latin word ' castrum ' , meaning an army camp or fort . Many cities in Spain have an " alcázar " ; Spain also has Moorish citadels known as alcazaba s . Not all castles in Spain are called " alcázar " , the majority are called " castillo " . Not every ' alcazar ' or ' alcazaba ' in Iberia was built by the Moors ; many castles with these names were built after the Moors had withdrawn from the Iberian Peninsula . Landmark alcázares . Outside Spain . Outside Spain , in Palermo , Sicily , the district called " Cassaro " corresponds to the Punic settlement of Zis , on high ground that was refortified by Arabs and called القصر " al qasr " , and was further expanded as the site of the later Norman palace . In Portugal there is a city called Alcácer do Sal ( " Al Qaşr " ) , which was an administrative regional seat for the Moors during the Islamic Al - Andalus era on the Iberian Peninsula . The former colonial palace in Santo Domingo , originally built for Christopher Columbus ' s son Diego in 1509 , is commonly known as the Alcázar de Colón ( Columbus ' s Alcázar ) and is built after the Andalusian style .
Leopard - class frigate The Type 41 or " Leopard " class were a class of anti - aircraft defence frigate s built for the Royal Navy ( 4 ships ) and Indian Navy ( 3 ships ) in the 1950s . These ships were designed to provide anti - aircraft escorts to convoys , as a result they were not built for fleet speeds and made only . They shared a common hull and machinery with the Type 61 or " Salisbury " class aircraft direction vessels . An intended anti - submarine version , the Type 11 class ( see Type system of the Royal Navy ) , was cancelled due to the low top speed being insufficient to combat contemporary adversaries , and was replaced by the turbine powered Type 12 . " HMS Jaguar " and " HMS Lynx " were sold to the Bangladesh Navy in 1978 and 1982 respectively , and were still in service in 2007 . The " Leopard " class was also fitted with an early type of hydraulic stabiliser system consisting of two fins that could be extended outside of the main hull to port and starbord , from a compartment between the two engine rooms . Gyro controlled with a relatively simple control system , they proved very effective in use . During testing every 3 months at sea , the ship could be easily driven into a 20° + roll from the manual control on the bridge . Prior warning had to be given to allow stowage of loose items over the ship ' s tannoy system before testing was carried out . Slight reduction in top speed was also noticed when in use . Construction Programme . A fifth Royal Navy vessel , HMS " Panther " was ordered twice . The first was transferred to India in 1953 before being laid down , a replacement was cancelled in 1957 , before being laid down .
3rd Virginia Regiment The 3rd Virginia Regiment was raised on December 28 , 1775 at Alexandria , Virginia for service with the Continental Army . The 3d Virginia ' s initial commander was Colonel Hugh Mercer , who was quickly promoted to brigadier general . Its second commander , George Weedon , was also promoted to brigadier general within a few months . Weedon was succeeded in command by Colonel Thomas Marshall , the father of Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall . The regiment saw action in the New York Campaign the battles of Trenton , Princeton , Brandywine , Germantown , Valley Forge , Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston . Most of the regiment was captured at Charlestown , South Carolina on May 12 , 1780 by the British and the regiment was formally disbanded on November 15 , 1783 . James Monroe , Thomas Helm and John Marshall served as lieutenants in this regiment . Battle of Trenton ( December 26 , 1776 ) The vanguard was the 6th Company led by Captain William Washington and Lt . James Monroe . " When the Hessians rolled out a field gun midway on King Street , a half dozen Virginians led by Captain William Washington ( a distant cousin of the commander ) and Lieutenant James Monroe rushed forward , seized it , and turned it on them . " Further reading . Cecere , Michael . " They Behaved Like Soldiers : Captain John Chilton and the Third Virginia Regiment , 1775 - 1778 . " Westminster , MD : Heritage Books , 2004 . ISBN 0 - 7884 - 2479 - 3 .
Hans - Joachim Hunger Hans - Joachim Hunger ( born 8 March 1921 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Hans - Joachim Hunger was captured by Soviet troops at the end of the war and was held until 1949 . He later joined the Bundeswehr in 1956 and retired in 1980 as an Oberst .
MAB PA - 15 pistol The MAB PA - 15 ( " Pistolet Automatique 15 " , also known as the " P - 15 " or " P . 15 Standard " ) was designed by the Manufacture d ' armes de Bayonne . The model number , 15 , refers to the magazine capacity . When introduced , this was the first pistol holding a greater number of rounds than the 13 - round Browning Hi - Power . The PA - 15 was introduced in 1966 along with a short - lived 8 - round version with a straight stack magazine , the P - 8 . The PA - 15 was designed for commercial sale , primarily for export as French laws severely restrict the possession of " military - caliber " arms ( which include the ubiquitous 9mm ) . The pistols were proofed at the St Etienne proof house and many were exported to the US . Early pistols are blued , later ones Parkerized . There was a competition version called the " P - 15 F1 " . This version had a longer slide and barrel ( 150mm ) , and an adjustable rear sight . While the French armed forces did not adopt the PA - 15 , the Army , Air Force ( Armée de l ' Air ) and the Gendarmerie bought limited quantities of the competition model under the designation " Pistolet Automatique de Précision ( PAP ) Modèle F1 " . When the French Gendarmerie was looking for a double - action pistol with a high magazine capacity to replace their aging " PA 1950 " s , MAB produced an experimental model of the PA - 15 with double - action lockwork . However , the Gendarmerie instead procured a license to manufacture the Beretta 92F as the " MAS G - 1 " , and the double - action PA - 15 was not commercially produced . Outside France , in the 1970s the Finnish military and some police forces adopted the PA - 15 . When the Manufacture d ' armes de Bayonne closed in 1982 , all remaining PA - 15 parts were sold to a French gunshop , Lechkine Armory ( Armurerie Chevasson ) , which as of 2009 still assembled and sold new PA - 15s , and is the sole source for new PA - 15 parts . Use . MAB PA - 15 is a delayed blowback operated , semi - automatic pistol . It featured Savage - type , rotating , but not reciprocating , barrel , which has two lugs : one under the chambers is engaged in the frame and allows to the barrel to rotate but not to move back or forward . The other lug , on the upper surface of the barrel , is engaged in the curved - shaped notch inside the slide . When the pistol is fired , the barrel inertia and the bullet torque acted against the blowback force of the slide via the slope - shaped part of the notch . When bullet leaves the barrel , the slide rotates barrel and retracts to cycle the action . MAB PA - 15 has a frame mounted safety , on the left side of the frame , and also internal magazine safety , which does not allow the gun to be fired with magazine removed . Variants . A long - barreled version , known as the PA - 15 Target , was used by the French military as the PAP F - 1 .
Correlates of War The Correlates of War project is an academic study of the history of warfare . It was started in 1963 at the University of Michigan by political scientist J . David Singer . Concerned with collecting data about the history of wars and conflict among states , the project has driven forward quantitative research into the causes of warfare . The Correlates of War project seeks to facilitate the collection , dissemination , and use of accurate and reliable quantitative data in international relations . Key principles of the project include a commitment to standard scientific principles of replication , data reliability , documentation , review , and the transparency of data collection procedures . The project has collected data on many attributes of international politics and national capabilities over time . Available data collected by the Correlates of War project start in 1816 . The most widely used databases developed by the project include an identification of independent states since 1816 , a list of interstate and civil wars since 1816 , a list of " militarized disputes " ( militarized crises that end short of war ) , and national capabilities measured annually for all countries since 1816 ( including the size of countries ' military , their energy consumption as a proxy for industrialization , population size , urbanized population , and raw material production of iron and steel ) . Other databases include an identification of all alliances since 1816 , territorial relationships and changes over time , and membership in intergovernmental organizations . All Correlates of War databases are available free for public and academic use with proper citation . In addition to generating these several data sets and constructing quantitative indicators of key variables that might turn out to be correlates of war the project has completed and published an impressive variety of statistical analyses and interesting and promising hypotheses . The data has also been used extensively by researchers examining such relationships and seeking to explain when countries go to war or avoid it , when they trade , when they form alliances ( and the effect of such alliance ) , and so on . The current director is Zeev Maoz , a political scientist at University of California , Davis .
Tellermine 42 The Tellermine 42 ( T . Mi . 42 ) was a German metal cased anti - tank blast mine used during the Second World War . The mine was a development of the Tellermine 35 with improved resistance to blast . It was followed by the simplified Tellermine 43 . The mine consists of a circular pressed steel main body with a large central pressure plate . The pressure plate is smaller than the earlier Tellermine 35 , which increases the mine ' s resistance to blast . Two secondary fuze wells are provided for anti - handling devices , one in the side , and one on the bottom of the mine . The mine has a carrying handle .
Gene Damschroder Eugene E . " Gene " Damschroder ( January 14 , 1922 – June 8 , 2008 ) was an American politician and aviator . He was member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1973 to 1983 . He was a member of the Republican Party . Damschroder flew seaplanes for the U . S . Navy during World War II . Damschroder was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1972 , representing Fremont in the 86th District from 1973 to 1983 . Damschroder tried to regain his seat , now the 81st District , in Republican primary elections in 2002 and 2008 . On June 8 , 2008 , Damschroder was killed when the single engine Cessna aircraft he was flying crashed with five other persons on board .
Nekrasov Cossacks Nekrasov Cossacks , Nekrasovite Cossacks , Nekrasovites , Nekrasovtsy ( ) are descendants of Don Cossacks which , after the defeat of the Bulavin Rebellion fled to the Kuban ( in September 1708 ) , headed by Ignat Nekrasov , hence the name . The Kuban was then under the rule of the Crimean Khanate . Later they were joined by other fugitives from the Don and runaway Russian serf s . The Nekrasovites were Old Believers , a persecuted faith . Initially , the Nekrasovites settled by the right bank of the Bolshaya Laba River , near its mouth . Later , the majority , including Nekrasov himself , settled on the Taman Peninsula , in three townlet s ( " gorodok s " ) Bludilovsky , Golubinsky and Chiryansky ( Блудиловский , Голубинский , Чирянский ) . The Nekrasovites continued to raid the adjacent Russian lands , including the Don area , and , as a result , were raided in return by Russian forces . As a consequence , until 1737 , several hundreds of thousands of fugitives from Southern Russia fled to the Kuban , with a significant amount joining the Nekrasovites . About 1737 the activity of the Nekrasovites petered out , historians assuming that Nekrasov died in that year . Soon afterwards the Nekrasovite community began to disintegrate and resettled to the Ottoman Empire . See also Cossacks in Turkey . In 1961 most Nekrasov Cossacks have returned to the U . S . S . R . They have preserved the Don Cossack language , songs , and their ethnic identity despite being away from other Cossacks for more than 200 years . There is an ongoing work for preserving the heritage of Nekrasov Cossacks .
Penetration ( warfare ) In ground warfare , penetration is the breaching of , and moving past , a defensive military line . Penetration is a strategic military maneuver much like the pincer movement with a few differences . The penetration attack goes straight through the enemy ' s lines and , once through , each flank turns and attacks the opponent ' s rear , similar to the " blitzkrieg " strategy . The penetration is carried out as part of a frontal attack when there is no assailable flank available . It takes the form of assaulting the enemy positions , creating a rupture , widening of the gap and finally breakthrough . Separate forces are earmarked for the assault and break - out stages of penetration . Penetration has the stages of break in , dog fight and break - out . There are no clear - cut demarcations between these stages and these tend to overlap . Flank attack and other forms of maneuver are preferred to the penetration or frontal attack .
Sir George Bowyer , 5th Baronet Admiral Sir George Bowyer , 5th and 1st Baronet ( 1740 – 6 December 1800 ) was a British naval officer and politician . Bowyer was the third son of Sir William Bowyer , 4th Baronet and born in Denham , Buckinghamshire . He served as Member of Parliament for Queenborough from 1784 to 1790 and lived at Warfield Grove before inheriting Radley Hall ( now part of Radley College ) in Berkshire ( now Oxfordshire ) . After a long naval career , he was made a Commodore in 1781 and a Rear Admiral in 1793 . In 1794 , he was promoted to Vice Admiral and was made a baronet after receiving injuries that made it impossible for him to serve again . In 1799 he was promoted to Admiral and in April of that year inherited his father ' s baronetcy before dying in December 1800 .