naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hannover CL . III The Hannover CL . III was a German military aircraft of World War I . It was a two - seat multi - role aircraft , primarily used as a ground attack machine . Like the other Hannover " light - C - class " , or " CL " designated aircraft designed by Hermann Dorner , it included an unusual biplane tail , allowing for a greater firing arc for the tail gunner . Until the introduction of the aircraft , such tails had only been used on larger aircraft . Design . Compared to the preceding CL . II , the CL . III had redesigned ailerons with aerodynamic balances that overhung the wingtips , a modification that provided greater manoeuvrability , especially at the low levels that the CL . III was expected to be operating at in its new ground - attack role as the " Schutzstaffeln " ( escort squadrons ) were re - assigned as " Schlachtstaffeln " ( battle squadrons ) . It was also intended that it should use the excellent Mercedes D . III engine , but the " Idflieg " gave priority for these engines to fighter production , and most CL . IIIs were produced with the same Argus engine that the CL . II had used . The Argus engined variant was designated CL . IIIa .
Harukaze - class destroyer The Harukaze - class destroyer was the first indigenous post - World War II Japanese destroyer class . Its main mission was anti - submarine warfare . Almost all equipment was supplied from the United States according to the U . S . and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement . Sensor systems on - board was standard equipment in the U . S . navy at that time , for example , the AN / SPS - 6 air - search radar , the AN / SPS - 5 surface - search radar , the QHB search sonar , the QDA attack sonar . Three 5 " / 38 caliber Mark 12 guns were mounted on Mark 30 single mounts , and controlled by a Mark 51 director . But the JMSDF wasn ' t satisfied with performance of the director , so latter , Mark 51 was replaced by the Swedish advanced GFCS developed by Contraves ( " Harukaze " ) or American Mark 57 ( " Yukikaze " ) . At the same time , K - guns and depth charge racks were reduced by half and replaced by Mark 32 lightweight torpedoes with two Mark 2 over - the - side launchers .
USNS Triumph ( T - AGOS - 4 ) USNS " Triumph " ( T - AGOS - 4 ) was a of the United States Navy . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 1995 . " Triumph " is currently awaiting disposal . " Stalwart " class ships were originally designed to collect underwater acoustical data in support of Cold war anti - submarine warfare operations in the 1980s . US Congress as per Section 201 ( f ) authorizes the sale to the Philippines of the Ocean Surveillance Ship TRIUMPH ( T - AGOS 4 ) . This 12 year - old vessel has over half of its service life remaining ( 16 years ) and originally cost the United States $ 25 , 493 , 000 . The Government of the Philippines is expected to pay $ 11 , 370 , 000 for the vessel . However , the transfer of the vessel will be completed without a towed sonar array .
Battle of Crucifix Hill The Battle of Crucifix Hill was a World War II battle that took place on 8 October 1944 , on Crucifix Hill ( Haarberg ) ( Hill 239 ) , next to the village of Haaren in Germany and was a part of the U . S . 1st Division ' s campaign to seize Aachen , Germany . The Battle of Aachen was part of the Drive to the Siegfried Line . The hill was named after a large crucifix mounted on the top of the hill . The objective of the battle was to gain control of the hill , which was laced with a maze of pillboxes and bunker s , so that the main objective of encircling Aachen could be completed . The hill was held by units of the German 246 . " Volksgrenadierdivision " . Charging the hill . The 18th Infantry Regiment , U . S . 1st Infantry Division , commanded by Col . George A . Smith Jr . , directed its 1st Battalion ( commanded by Lt . Col . Henry G . Leonard , Jr . ) to take the hill employing special pillbox assault teams equipped with flamethrower s , Bangalore torpedo es , and demolition charges . A battery of tank destroyers and self - propelled guns were to provide supporting direct fire at the pillboxes . As the leading rifle platoon of C Company assaulted the first pillbox , flanking fire from a nearby pillbox gun emplacement took the platoon in crossfire . The pinned - down soldiers also experienced an intense artillery barrage on their exposed positions . Captain Bobbie Brown . Capt . Bobbie E . Brown was the company commander of C Company , a former boxer who had earned a battlefield commission in Normandy . During the onslaught of the nearby pillbox , Capt . Brown grabbed a pole charge and ran with bullets whipping by him , and placed the charge in the pillbox , destroying it . He did this twice more to two other pillboxes , each time successfully destroying the pillbox ; only on the third one was he wounded by a mortar round . Although he was wounded , he refused medical attention and continued up the hill . After the hill was secure , he went by himself on a reconnaissance mission to locate enemy troops beyond the hill . He deliberately drew the enemy fire to find out where enemy emplacements were . While doing this , he was wounded twice more . The information he discovered about German emplacements allowed his company to repel two German counterattacks . Only after the position was completely secure did he allow treatment for his wounds . For his actions during the Battle of Crucifix Hill , Capt . Brown received the Medal of Honor .
André Turcat Major André Édouard Turcat ( October 23 , 1921 ) is a former French test pilot . A graduate of France ' s prestigious École Polytechnique , Turcat joined the Free French air force during the final years of World War II and stayed with Armée de l ' Air after the war . During the Indochina War , Turcat served as a pilot of C - 47 transport aircraft and demonstrated exceptional skills in handling a number of flight emergencies , thus earning an assignment to EPNER , France ' s test pilot school . Shortly after graduating , Turcat took over the test campaign of the Nord 1500 Griffon , one of the world ' s first ramjet - powered aircraft . During this successful program , Turcat flew the Griffon at Mach 2 . 19 , a feat that earned him the prestigious Harmon Trophy in 1958 . A few months later ( February 25 , 1959 ) , Turcat broke the world speed record over 100 kilometers with the Griffon at an average 1 , 643 km / h ( 1 , 021 mph ) . Turcat left the military after the Griffon program ended and joined state - owned aircraft manufacturer Sud Aviation as the Concorde supersonic transport ( SST ) program was starting . He became Concorde ' s chief test pilot and Sud Aviation ' s director of flight testing . On March 2 , 1969 , Turcat had the honor of lifting off the first prototype of Concorde for its maiden flight . Later that year ( October 1 ) , he was also at the controls for Concorde ' s first supersonic flight . Turcat conducted the rest of the French side of the Concorde test program ( Brian Trubshaw being the chief test pilot on the British side ) and retired from active flying duty in the late 1970s . Both Turcat and Trubshaw were awarded the Ivan C . Kincheloe Award for their work on the Concorde test program . He is the founder and the first president for Académie nationale de l ' air et de l ' espace ( ANAE ) in 1983 . The Academy is known as Académie de l ' Air et de l ' Espace since 2007 . He was present on board the Air France Concorde ( F - BVFC ) during its retirement flight , on the 27th June 2003 , to the Airbus plant at Toulouse , where the French aircraft was built . He is also an author and has written a few books . Among the latest " Concorde essais et batailles " ( 1977 ) and " Pilote d ' essais : Mémoires " ( 2005 ) , both in French .
Vice admiral ( Royal Navy ) Vice admiral is a flag officer rank of the British Royal Navy . It equates to the NATO rank code OF - 8 and is immediately superior to rear admiral and is subordinate to the full admiral rank . The Royal Navy has had vice admirals since at least the 16th century . When the fleet was deployed the vice admiral would be in the leading portion or van acting as the deputy to the admiral . In the Royal Navy the rank of vice - admiral should be distinguished from the office of " Vice - Admiral of the United Kingdom " , which is an admiralty position usually held by a retired full admiral , and that of " Vice - Admiral of the Coast " , a now obsolete office dealing with naval administration in each of the maritime counties . Rank insignia and personal flag . Vice admirals are entitled to fly a personal flag . A vice admiral flies a St George ’ s cross differenced with a red disc in the hoist . The rank of vice admiral itself is shown in its sleeve lace by a broad band with two narrower bands . Since 2001 it has been designated a three - star rank when the number of stars on the shoulder board were increased to three .
Siege of Kars ( 1828 ) Siege of Kars was one of the most important battles of the Russo - Turkish War ( 1828 – 29 ) . After a brief siege , the Russian forces under Ivan Paskevich took the fortified city of Kars in Turkish Armenia from the Ottomans . The battle itself lasted three days , from 20 to 23 June 1828 .
78th Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 78th Division was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( aka Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) during the Korean War . They were a component of the 26th Army , consisting of the 232nd , 233rd , and the 234th Regiments . The unit was disbanded in 1985 .
BBC WW2 People ' s War BBC WW2 People ' s War is an archive of World War II memories . It is a people ' s history , written by the public , and gathered by the BBC and contains 47 , 000 eyewitness accounts on 144 events .
2013 South Korea cyberattack On 20 March 2013 , three South Korean television stations and a bank suffered from frozen computer terminals in a suspected act of cyberwarfare . ATMs and mobile payments were also affected . The South Korean communications watchdog raised their alert level on cyber - attacks to three on a scale of five . North Korea has been blamed for similar attacks in 2009 and 2011 and was suspected of launching this attack as well . South Korean officials linked the incident to a Chinese IP address , which increased suspicion of North Korea as " [ i ] ntelligence experts believe that North Korea routinely uses Chinese computer addresses to hide its cyber - attacks . " Malware related to the attack is called " DarkSeoul " in the computer world and was first identified about a year ago . The Financial Services Commission of South Korea said that Shinhan Bank reported that its Internet banking servers had been temporarily blocked and that Jeju Bank ( ) and NongHyup reported that operations at some of their branches had been paralyzed after computers were infected with viruses and their files erased . Woori Bank reported a hacking attack , but said it had suffered no damage . Computer shutdowns also hit companies including the Korean Broadcasting System , Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation , and YTN . The South Korean government asserted a Pyongyang link in the March cyber attacks , which has been denied by Pyongyang . A 50 - year - old South Korean man identified as Mr . Kim is suspected to be involved in the attack .
AGO S . I The AGO S . I was a German prototype ground - attack aircraft built in October 1918 but possibly never flown before the end of World War I . It was a single - seat biplane armed with a downwards - firing 20 mm cannon .
Lê Thanh Đạo Lê Thanh Đạo was a MiG - 21 pilot of the Vietnamese People ' s Air Force , he flew with the 927st fighter regiment and tied for fourth place amongst Vietnam War fighter aces with six kills . The following kills are known to be credited to him by the VPAF :
Le Poste des Cadodaquious Le Poste des Cadodaquious was a small French fort founded in 1719 ; it was located northwest of Texarkana , Texas in today ' s Bowie County . Recent analysis suggests that the site was somewhere on the escarpment near either Everett or Barkman . The fort was constructed by Bénard de La Harpe as a part of his land concession . It was an opportunistic advance , and was made in an area where the Spanish had built similar military outposts . The fort was constructed on the south bank of the Red River near a village of Nasoni Indians . As a result , the fort was sometimes known as Le Poste des Nassonites . The more common name came from the French pronunciation of " Kadohadacho " , which was a name used by various Caddoan groups to describe either themselves or the area in which they lived . La Harpe served as the first commandant of the fort . Upon his departure in late 1719 the site was garrisoned by a detachment from Natchitoches , Louisiana , with Louis Juchereau de St . Denis as its leader . Alexis Grappe , a trader and interpreter , was also of some importance in the history of the fort . The only military purpose the fort could serve was to limit the northern influence of the Spanish ; additionally , it served as a station for trade . It was the base , in 1719 , used by Durivage and Mustel when they explored the Red River . La Harpe would later move on to the northwest , using the post as a starting point , and encounter various groups of Wichita with which the French soon set up a trade network . The post served as a supply base for a number of other expeditions , including those of Fabry de La Bruyere in 1742 and Pierre A . Mallet in 1750 . And it was from here that Jean Baptiste Brevel departed for Santa Fe in 1767 . A small settlement of French colonists developed in tandem with the fort for a number of years ; at least two of Grappe ' s children , François and Marie Pelagie , were born there , as was Jean Baptiste Brevel . The French abandoned the area for good after the cession of Louisiana . In 1770 Athanase de Mézières attempted to reestablish the post , this time for the Spanish ; its new name was to be San Luiz de los Cadodachos . The Nasonis deserted the area soon thereafter . In 1806 , Thomas Freeman attempted , and failed , to find the location of the post . See also . Handbook of Texas entry
Patrick Shanahan ( Medal of Honor ) Patrick Shanahan ( November 6 , 1867 – December 7 , 1937 ) was a United States Navy sailor who received the Medal of Honor . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Chief Boatswain ' s Mate , U . S . Navy . Born : November 6 , 1867 , Ireland . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 534 , November 29 , 1899 . Citation : On board the U . S . S . Alliance , 28 May 1899 . Displaying heroism , Shanahan rescued William Steven , quartermaster , first class , from drowning .
S3W reactor The S3W reactor is a naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on warship s . The S3W designation stands for : This nuclear reactor was a variant of the Submarine Fleet Reactor ( SFR ) , an advance on the pressurized water reactor ( PWR ) plant design employed on the USS " Nautilus " ( SSN - 571 ) . The S3W plant utilized horizontal U - tube steam generator s . This concept developed into vertical U - tube steam generator s in the S5W reactor plant , and is in common use today on commercial PWR power plants . The USS " Halibut " ( SSGN - 587 ) and the four " Skate " class boats were built with S3W reactors : USS " Skate " ( SSN - 578 ) , USS " Swordfish " ( SSN - 579 ) , USS " Sargo " ( SSN - 583 ) , and USS " Seadragon " ( SSN - 584 ) . USS " Swordfish " ( SSN - 579 ) and USS " Seadragon " ( SSN - 584 ) had the S3W reactor installed in the S4W reactor plant , which was an alternate arrangement of the same components .
Bicester Military Railway The Bicester Military Railway ( BMR ) is a railway in Oxfordshire , England belonging to the Ministry of Defence . It links military depots at Piddington , Arncott and Graven Hill with the Oxford to Bicester Line . The line has no road bridges . All of its crossings of public roads at Ambrosden , Arncott and between Arncott and Piddington are by level crossing s . The Bicester Military Railway was built in 1941 within the Bicester Central Ordnance Depot and was used extensively in the Second World War . The British Prime Minister Harold Wilson visited the BMR in mid 1965 prior to a government spending review . On his orders it was spared from the railway cutbacks that were left over from Lord Beeching ' s railway review of the early 1960s . The BMR has about 40 miles of standard gauge track in use . The BMR is the main base for 275 Railway Squadron , a unit of the Royal Logistic Corps . Before 1999 , 275 Railway Squadron was a stand - alone Squadron . Other RLC Regiments refer to the squadron colloquially as the " Railway Children " . The Sub Unit recruits exclusively from the railway industry . Every soldier in the unit is a tradesman , able to drive a locomotive , operate railway signals , shunt , and do permanent way work . The unit ' s regular sister unit was 79 Railway Squadron and sometimes undertakes permanent way work with the Royal Engineers unit 507 STRE . 275 Railway Squadron ' s now defunct insignia is a cross section of flat bottom rail in a blue diamond . This dates back to unit ' s involvement with the Longmoor Military Railway .
Fort du Scex The Fort du Scex is a component of Fortress Saint - Maurice , which is in turn one of the three principal fortified regions of the National Redoubt of Switzerland . The Fort du Scex was built in the Scex cliff face immediately to the west of Saint - Maurice beginning in 1911 . With the later Fort de Cindey , it comprises a fortress complex encased in rock high above the strategic Saint - Maurice valley . The fort lost its combat function in 1984 and was entirely deactivated in 1995 . It is now open for public tours during the summer months . Description . The Fort du Scex is arranged along a mined gallery paralleling the face of the Scex escarpment at a distance from the rock face of about , with side galleries extending to the cliff face for observation posts and artillery positions . Lateral branches to the interior of the mountain lead to troop accommodations , the command post , ammunition magazines and utility areas . Primarily an artillery position , the fort was planned to provide supporting fire to the larger and earlier forts Savatan and Dailly on the right bank of the Rhône . Scex is connected to the adjoining Fort de Cindey by a cut tunnel , 800m long which leads to the natural caves of the Grotte aux Fées . The Galerie du Scex was initially armed with four 75mm1903 / 18 L30 Krupp - Giovanola guns in 1911 . These guns were placed in double casemate positions , and had a range of about , aimed due east , with a firing rate of 12 to 15 rounds per minute . The fort was also equipped with four machine gun positions , disposed in a projecting bay or caponier with two guns sweeping the cliff face in each direction . From 1915 the fort was expanded . The connection to the Grotte aux Fées was built in 1935 - 36 . The Ermitage battery of four 75mm 1903 / 22 L30 guns in individual casemates was constructed in 1938 - 39 , with further improvements to habitation during and after World War II . A parallel gallery was built during this time , about from the cliff face . The artillery was deactivated in 1984 , when the position was converted to use as a command post . All of the 75mm pieces were removed , although one was reconstructed in 2001 for display . By 1995 the fort was entirely deactivated . Routine access to the fort for supplies was provided by an aerial camouflaged cableway , built in 1922 . Influence . The Fort du Scex was the first example of a flanking battery built into a rock face in Switzerland . Scex was the prototype for similar emplacements in the Ticino canton and elsewhere in Switzerland . Present status . The fort is available for public tours in summer months , together with the Fort de Cindey and the Grotte aux Fées .
Philip Rhoden Lieutenant - Colonel Philip Edington Rhoden , OBE , ED ( 23 December 1914 – 13 March 2003 ) was the Commanding Officer of 2 / 14th Battalion Second Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) at the Battle of Isurava in 1942 in what was then the Australian territory of Papua . Educated at Melbourne Grammar and the University of Melbourne , Rhoden was a solicitor by trade . He was admitted to the Victorian Bar in 1939 and worked for John P Rhoden Solicitors .
Paul Foley ( admiral ) Paul Foley ( 1909 – July 7 , 1990 ) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy . About 1937 , he married the artist Cornelia MacIntyre Foley ( 1909 – 2010 ) . During World War II , while a commander commanding a PBY Catalina squadron in the Aleutians , Foley was involved in the recovery of the Akutan Zero .
426th Network Warfare Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 426th Network Warfare Squadron ( 426 NWS ) is a network warfare unit located at Vogelweh , Germany . Mission . The mission of the 426 NWS is to fly , fight and win in cyberspace . History . The 426th Network Warfare Squadron ( 426 NWS ) was originally constituted as the
Semyon Kurkotkin Semyon Konstantinovich Kurkotkin ( ; February 13 , 1917 – September 16 , 1990 ) was appointed Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1983 . He commanded the Transcaucasus Military District in 1968 – 1971 and the Soviet forces stationed in East Germany since 1971 . Kurkotkin was appointed Assistant Minister of Defense in 1972 . Kurkotkin was born near Moscow and attended a technical college in the capital before joining the Red Army in 1937 . He completed the Oryol tank school in 1939 and a political school in 1941 . During World War II Kurkotkin fought in the armoured corps rising to become a brigade commander . Kurkotkin fought with the Voronezh Front and later the 1st Ukrainian Front . After the war Lieutenant Colonel Kurkotkin attended the Malinovsky Armoured Forces Academy and became a tank division commander in 1951 . He completed the General Staff Academy in 1958 and was promoted to General . He commanded the Transcaucasus Military District in 1968 – 1971 and the Group of Soviet forces , stationed in East Germany ( 1971 / 72 ) . Kurkotkin was appointed Assistant Minister of Defense in 1972 in charge of rear echelon areas . In 1988 he became one of the Inspector Generals of the Soviet Army .
Anastasios Charalambis Anastasios Charalambis ( , 1862 – 11 March 1949 ) was a Greek Lieutenant General and interim Prime Minister of Greece for one day in 1922 . Charalambis was born in Kalavryta in 1862 . After studying in the Hellenic Army Academy , he was commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant of Artillery in 1884 . He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1888 and Captain in 1895 , and fought in the Greco - Turkish War of 1897 . He was again promoted to Major in 1908 , Lt Colonel in 1910 and Colonel in 1913 . During the Balkan Wars of 1912 – 1913 , he served as Chief of Staff of the 1st Infantry Division in Macedonia , then of the 4th Infantry Division in the operations in Epirus , before returning to the 1st Division for the operations against Bulgaria in the Second Balkan War . In 1914 he was placed as Chief of Staff to II Army Corps , and then as Director of the Artillery Bureau of the Ministry of Military Affairs . From 26 April to 14 June 1917 he served as Minister of Military Affairs , and then from 26 June as Chief of the Army ' s Staff Service until November . In early 1918 he was placed in command of II Army Corps , and retired from the Army in July 1918 . He was promoted to Major General in 1917 and Lt General in 1918 . Following the defeat against Turkey in Anatolia , the government of Petros Protopapadakis fell , Greece was plunged into a political crisis . A military revolt , led by Venizelist officers , erupted in September 1922 , and demanded the resignation of King Constantine I and of Prime Minister Nikolaos Triantafyllakos . Their demands were met , and the revolutionary committee installed a new government , with Alexandros Zaimis as Prime Minister and Charalambis as Minister of Military Affairs . As Zaimis was out of the country , Sotirios Krokidas was appointed as interim Prime Minister . Until Krokidas could reach Athens to be sworn in , Charalambis was sworn in as temporary Prime Minister on 29 September , serving for one day . Charalambis died on 11 March 1949 .