naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Bizerte crisis The Bizerte Crisis occurred in July 1961 when Tunisia imposed a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte , Tunisia , hoping to force its evacuation . The crisis culminated in a three - day battle between French and Tunisian forces that left some 630 Tunisians and 24 French dead and eventually led to France ceding the city and naval base to Tunisia in 1963 . After Tunisia gained independence from France in 1956 , France remained in control of the city and its naval base , a strategic port on the Mediterranean , which played an important part in French operations during the Algerian War . France had promised to negotiate the future of the base , but had so far refused to remove it . Tunisia was further infuriated upon learning that France planned to expand the airbase . In 1961 , Tunisian forces surrounded and blockaded the naval base in hopes of forcing France to abandon its last holdings in the country . After Tunisia warned France against any violations of Tunisian airspace , the French defiantly sent a helicopter . Tunisian troops responded by firing warning shots . In response to the blockade , 800 French paratroopers were sent in . As the paratroopers landed on the airfield , Tunisian troops sprayed them with machine gun fire . In response , French jets armed with rockets , and 105mm howitzers blasted the Tunisian roadblocks , destroying them . French tanks and armored cars then rolled into Tunisian territory , and fired into the town of Menzel - Bourguiba , killing 27 soldiers and civilians . The following day , the French launched a full - scale invasion of the town of Bizerte . The Tunisians ' few artillery posts were destroyed by rockets fired by French planes . Tanks and paratroopers penetrated into the city from the south , while marines stormed the harbor from landing craft . Three French cruisers were positioned offshore . Tunisian soldiers , paramilitaries , and hastily organised civilian volunteers engaged the French in heavy street fighting , but were forced back by vastly superior French forces . The French overran the town on July 23 , 1961 . The French military finally abandoned Bizerte on 15 October 1963 , after the conclusion of the Algerian War .
4th Mountain Artillery Regiment ( Italy ) The 4th Mountain Artillery Regiment ) was a field artillery regiment of the Italian Army , specializing in mountain combat . Since their formation the Mountain Artillery Regiments have served alongside the Alpini , a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army , that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II . The Alpini and Mountain Artillery regiments share , besides their close history , the distinctive Cappello Alpino . The regiment was constituted in 1934 . The regimental motto was : " Su tutte l ' erte e sopra ogni cima " . It consisted of the following units : The regiment was sent with the 4th Cuneense Alpine Division to fight in the Soviet Union during World War II and was destroyed during the Soviet Operation Little Saturn in January 1943 . 379 of the Regiments 3 , 897 men survived the Soviet offensive ; none of the soldiers of the Artillery Group " Mondovì " survived .
Trusten Polk Trusten Polk ( May 29 , 1811April 16 , 1876 ) served as both the 12th Governor of Missouri in 1857 and U . S . Senator from 1857 to 1862 . Biography . Polk was born in Bridgeville , Delaware . A Democrat , he was elected Governor of Missouri in 1856 and served from January 5 , 1857 , until February 27 when he resigned to become a U . S . Senator . Hancock Lee Jackson succeeded him as governor until the election of Robert Marcellus Stewart . Polk was expelled from the U . S . Senate January 10 , 1862 , for his support of the South in the American Civil War . He was appointed as a colonel in the Confederate States Army , and later served as a judge in the military courts of the Department of Mississippi in 1864 and 1865 . After the war , Polk was a lawyer in St . Louis , Missouri . He is buried there in Bellefontaine Cemetery .
Henry MacKinnon Major - General Henry MacKinnon ( August 1773 – 19 January 1812 ) , was a British soldier . He commanded the 45th Regiment of Foot , 74th ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot , and 88th Regiment of Foot in the Napoleonic Peninsular War under the Duke of Wellington . He was killed by the explosion of an enemy magazine during the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo on 19 January 1812 . Prior to the Napoleonic wars , MacKinnon had a cordial acquaintance with Napoleon Bonaparte while the former ' s father resided in the French Province of Dauphiny when Napoleon was a frequent visitor to the region .
HMS St . James ( D65 ) HMS " St . James " was a of the Royal Navy . She was named in honour of the Battle of St . James Day which took place in 1666 . " St . James " was built by Fairfields at Govan . She was launched on 7 June 1945 and commissioned on 12 July 1946 . Operational Service . In 1946 , " St . James " joined the 5th Destroyer Flotilla , part of the Home Fleet . On 25 August 1946 , while undergoing calibration trials off the Isle of Portland , she accidentally hit and sank the tug " Buccaneer " with a 4 . 5 - inch shell , while aiming at the target " Buccaneer " was towing . " St . James " s captain , Commander J . Lee Barber , went alongside and took off " Buccaneer " s crew without loss , but " St . James " suffered a damaged propeller when the tug capsized . An inquiry was held aboard the cruiser on 28 August , at which it was decided that no further action would be taken . In 1950 , " St . James " deployed on a Home Fleet Spring Cruise , which saw her , as well as many other vessels , including the carrier " Victorious " and two other carriers , as well as the immense battleship " Vanguard " , visit the Mediterranean , which included stops at Italy . The group performed the usual naval exercises in the region , as well as undertaking ' fly - the - flag ' visits to a number of ports . In 1953 , " St . James " was placed in reserve along with a number of her sister - ships . However she did take part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . In 1957 , " St . James " finally began a refit to modernise the destroyer , but just the following year , her refit was cancelled , and she was subsequently placed on the disposal list . In 1961 , at Newport , " St . James " was broken up .
Michael James O ' Rourke Michael James O ' Rourke VC , MM ( March 19 , 1878 – December 6 , 1957 ) , was born in Limerick and was by birth an Irish recipient , and by naturalisation a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross . The Victoria Cross is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Born in Limerick , Ireland , O ' Rourke immigrated to Canada . Prior to World War I , he served in the Royal Munster Fusiliers and the Canadian Militia . Action . He was 39 years old , and a Private in the 7th ( 1st British Columbia ) Battalion , Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . During the period 15 / 17 August 1917 at Hill 70 near Lens , France , Private O ' Rourke , who was a stretcher - bearer , worked unceasingly for three days and nights bringing in the wounded , dressing their wounds and getting them food and water . During the whole of this period the area in which he worked was swept by heavy machine - gun and rifle fire and on several occasions he was knocked down and partially buried by enemy shells . His courage and devotion in carrying out his rescue work in spite of exhaustion and incessant heavy fire inspired all ranks and undoubtedly saved many lives . Additional Information . After the war , O ' Rourke eked out a meagre existence on skid road in Vancouver , British Columbia , surviving on a disability pension of 10 dollars per month and casual work on the docks . During a longshoremen ' s strike in 1935 , he headed a protest march of about 1 , 000 strikers , wearing his medals and carrying the Union Flag . The marchers attempted to pass a police line guarding the waterfront and were attacked with clubs and tear gas in what came to be known as the Battle of Ballantyne Pier . He died on 6 December 1957 in Vancouver and is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada .
Villagization Villagization ( sometimes spelled " villagisation " ) is the ( usually compulsory ) resettlement of people into designated villages by government or military authorities . Villagization may be used as a tactic by a government or military power to facilitate control over a previously scattered rural population believed to harbour disloyal or rebel elements . Examples include Indian removal to reservations by the United States , General Order No . 11 ( 1863 ) in the American Civil War , the British New Villages programme to defeat communist rebels during the Malayan Emergency , the U . S . " Strategic Hamlet Program " in the Vietnam War and the " protected villages " strategy of Uganda intended for use against the Lord ' s Resistance Army insurgency . The British colonial government in Kenya used a similar approach to exert control over Kikuyu tribespeople during the Mau Mau Uprising , which in turn inspired the " Manyatta " strategy of independent Kenya against ethnic Somalis during the Shifta War . However , forced resettlement may sometimes be counter - productive where it increases resentment among an already restive population against the ruling regime . Villagization may also be used as part of a programme of collectivization of farming and other economic activity , as in Tanzania under the Ujamaa policy set out in the Arusha Declaration , and in Ethiopia under Mengistu .
Maximilian Anton Karl , Count Baillet de Latour Count Maximilian Anton Karl Baillet de Latour ( ) ( 14 December 173722 July 1806 ) was a general in Austrian service during the French Revolutionary Wars . Biography . Born at Latour Castle near Virton in the Austrian Netherlands ( present - day Belgium ) , he joined the Austrian Army in 1755 and distinguished himself in the Seven Years ' War . In 1772 he married Charlotte - Sophie de Guérin de La Marche ( d - 1806 ) ; their son , Count Theodor Franz Baillet von Latour , was Austrian minister of war during the Revolutions of 1848 , and was murdered during the Vienna Uprising . His brother , Count Ludwig Wilhelm Anton Baillet de Latour - Merlemont ( 1753 – 1836 ) , was also a general in Austrian service , until 1810 , when he resigned , and joined the " Grande Armée " of Napoleon . Latour achieved the rank of a " Generalmajor " in 1782 . In the course of the 1789 revolt that led to the proclamation of the autonomous United States of Belgium , Latour was elevated to the rank of a " Feldmarschall - Leutnant " . His troops held the Duchy of Luxembourg and played a significant role in regaining the renegade provinces by the end of 1790 , which earned him the Military Order of Maria Theresa . From 1792 onwards Latour fought as an Austrian commander in the Wars of the First and Second Coalition . In 1805 Emperor Francis I of Habsburg appointed him president of the " Hofkriegsrat " , Latour nevertheless died shortly afterwards at Vienna .
Angélique Brûlon Marie - Angélique - Joséphine Duchemin , widowed Brûlon ( January 20 , 1772 – July 13 , 1859 ) , was a French soldier . Born in Dinan into a soldier family , Duchemin married a soldier named Brûlon and served from 1792 – 1799 in the defence of Corsica . She initially fought disguised as a man along with her husband , but was eventually discovered to be a woman . Despite this , she had shown such valour in battle that she was allowed to remain in service . She survived her husband and was proficient with sword and dagger in hand - to - hand combat . In 1797 , she asked to be allowed into Les Invalides after she received severe wounds in the siege of Calvi , but was denied seven years . When she received the pension in 1804 , she was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant . Napoleon III decorated her as a Knight of the French Legion of Honour , the first of her gender to receive that honor . The first request on her behalf , filed by marshal Sérurier in 1804 , had not been granted .
En cadre En cadre or cadre ( or ) is a French expression originally denoting either the complement of commissioned officer s of a regiment or the permanent skeleton establishment of a unit , around which the unit could be built if needed . This latter usage was commonly used in countries which had conscription to denote the permanent staff of a unit who then trained the conscripts assigned to it . In the United States military , the word " cadre " is more often used to denote a group or member of a group of leaders , especially in units that conduct formal training schools . In United States Army jargon , the word is both singular and plural . In the British Armed Forces , the term is today usually used for a group of instructors , or for a unit that trains potential instructors or non - commissioned officer s ( in which case , it usually also includes the trainees themselves ) e . g . the Royal Marines Mountain Leader Training Cadre . Adapted from the military usage , Canadian police services use the term cadre to denote an individual officer . It is used in place of badge number and is used in Records Management Systems for dispatching and report entry . At the United States Air Force Academy , the upper class cadets who conduct Basic Cadet Training for incoming freshmen are called cadre .
USS Glide ( 1862 ) The first USS " Glide " was a sternwheel tinclad gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . " Glide " originally built in Shousetown , Pennsylvania in 1862 and purchased by Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter at Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania on 17 November 1862 . She was taken to Cairo , Illinois for fitting out and commissioned on 3 December 1862 , Acting Lieutenant Selim E . Woodworth in command . After fitting out , " Glide " departed on 3 January 1863 for the lower Mississippi River as part of the Mississippi Squadron . She participated in the fierce engagement at Fort Hindman , or Arkansas Post , 11 January as part of the division of light - draft gunboat s under the overall command of Lieutenant Commander Watson Smith . As army forces launched the assault , " Glide " and the other gunboats helped to silence the powerful batteries . She passed the fort under heavy fire and proceeded upstream to cut off possible escape routes for the garrison . After aiding in the important victory at Fort Hindman , helping to open the White River , " Glide " served briefly there as a gunboat and supply ship until she was sent to Cairo for repairs in early February 1863 . While she was repairing there on 7 February 1863 , an unexplained fire broke out forward and within a few minutes the tinclad was entirely destroyed .
French frigate Piémontaise ( 1804 ) The Piémontaise was a 40 - gun " Consolante " - class frigate of the French Navy . She served as a commerce raider in the Indian Ocean until her capture in March 1808 . She then served with the British Royal Navy in the East Indies until she was broken up in Britain in 1813 . French service . " Piémontaise " was built by Enterprise Étheart at Saint Malo to a design by François Pastel . On 18 December 1805 she sailed from Brest for Île de France . There she served as a commerce raider under captain Jacques Epron . On 21 June 1806 , she captured the East Indiaman " Warren Hasting " . On 6 September , she captured the 14 - gun East India Company brig " Grappler " , the three - masted country ship " Atomany " and the East Indiaman " Fame " , the one - time prize to " Semillante " . In early March 1808 , she captured three merchantmen off Southern India . Capture . On 8 March 1808 , she encountered HMS " St Fiorenzo " . The two ships battled for three days until " Piémontaise " , out of ammunition and having suffered heavy casualties , had to strike her colours . The evening before she struck , Lieutenant de vaisseau Charles Moreau , who had been severely wounded , threw himself into the sea . Captain Hardinge , of " St Fiorenzo " , was killed in the fighting on the last day . In all , the British suffered 13 dead and 25 wounded . The French suffered some 48 dead and 112 wounded . Lieutenant William Dawson took command and brought both vessels back to Colombo , even though " Piémontaise ' s " three masts fell over her side early in the morning of the 9th . " Piémontaise " also had on board British army officers and captains and officers from prizes that she had taken . These men helped organize the lascars to jury - rig masts and bring " Piémontaise " into port . " St Fiorenzo " had too few men and too many casualties and prisoners to guard to provide much assistance . In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp " San Fiorenzo 8 March 1808 " to any surviving claimants from the action . British service . The British brought " Piémontaise " into service as HMS " Piedmontaise " , commissioning her under Captain Charles Foote . From May to August 1810 , she took part in an expedition to the Banda Islands , along with , . The expedition also included . Foote died in September and Commander Henry D . Dawson replaced him , only to die shortly thereafter . " Piedmontaise " s next captain was T . Epworth , who was replaced in turn by Captain Henry Edgell . Fate . " Piémontaise " was taken out of commission at Woolwich on 12 August 1812 . She was broken up in January 1813 .
John Shaul John David Francis Shaul VC ( 11 September 1873 – 14 September 1953 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Shaul was 26 years old , and a corporal in the 1st Battalion , Highland Light Infantry , British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place at the Battle of Magersfontein for which he was awarded the VC . Further information . He later achieved the rank of Bugle Major and served in the South African Army in World War I . John Shaul is the only former pupil from the Duke of York ' s Royal Military School to have been awarded the Victoria Cross . The medal is in the Lord Ashcroft VC Collection .
Frank W . Milburn Frank William Milburn ( January 11 , 1892 - October 25 , 1962 ) was a general in the United States Army during World War II and the Korean War . Biography . Milburn attended the United States Military Academy and was commissioned as a lieutenant in June 1914 . During World War I , Milburn served in the Panama Canal Zone . Subsequently , Milburn served in a variety of infantry assignments , among them the 5th , 33rd , 15th , and 28th Infantry Regiments . A 1933 graduate of the Command and General Staff School ( the school for higher command in U . S . Army ) , Milburn was promoted to Brigadier in early 1942 and selected to command the U . S . 83rd Infantry Division in August 1942 . He was again promoted in September 1942 to the rank of Major General . Milburn commanded the 83rd Division until December 1943 , when he took over the U . S . XXI Corps . Milburn commanded the XXI Corps for the remainder of World War II in Europe as part of General Patch ' s U . S . Seventh Army . Milburn ' s XXI Corps played a decisive role in collapsing the Colmar Pocket in February 1945 . In his " The History of the French First Army " , General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny described General Milburn in this manner : When I saw Maj . - Gen . Frank W . Milburn arrive at Rothau at 10 . 00 on the 25th January , lean and muscular and straight of eye , with the energetic features of a fighter , it did not take me long to know that I would find in him the most careful and loyal of subordinates . The steadfastness of his character , his clear view of realities and his leader - like authority , were apparent to me at once , and I felt that I could have complete confidence in him to bring to a successful conclusion the rough task which was going to fall to his U . S . 21st Army Corps . Postwar , Milburn ' s tour of command of the XXI Corps ended in July 1945 . Subsequently Milburn served briefly as the acting commander for the Seventh Army and then the XXIII Corps . Milburn commanded the U . S . V Corps from November 1945 until June 1946 . From June 1946 until May 1949 , Milburn commanded the U . S . 1st Infantry Division . Promoted to Lieutenant General in 1949 , Milburn served as the deputy commander of U . S . Army Europe until 1950 . During the Korean War , Milburn temporarily commanded the U . S . IX Corps in August 1950 . From September 1950 until June 1951 , Milburn commanded the U . S . I Corps during the Korean War . For two days in December 1950 , Milburn was the acting commander of the U . S . Eighth Army . Milburn ' s career is remarkable for having commanded five corps of the U . S . Army . He retired from military service in April 1952 and worked briefly as the athletic director at Montana State University . References .
David Luther Burgess David Luther Burgess ( January 28 , 1891 - November 30 , 1960 ) was a World War I flying ace who , in 1926 , was the sole challenger to Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in a by - election held in Prince Albert , Saskatchewan . Born in Kleinburg , Ontario , Burgess moved to Saskatchewan and became a farmer . He enlisted in the Saskatchewan Regiment during World War I and held the rank of lieutenant . In 1917 , he was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps as an observer / gunner with No 25 Squadron flying the DH - 4 bomber from May to October 1917 . In conjunction with his pilot Capt . James Fitz - Morris , the duo scored seven victories ( 4 destroyed , 3 ' out of control ' ) and was awarded the Military Cross for " conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in aerial fighting and on photography " . Mackenzie King had suffered a personal defeat in the 1925 federal election losing his riding of York North in Ontario and needed to win in a by - election in order to re - enter the Canadian House of Commons . Prince Albert Liberal MP Charles McDonald was persuaded to step aside in order to create a vacancy for King . The Prince Albert by - election would normally have been a formality and the Conservative Party declined to enter a candidate as did the Progressives . However , an acclamation was avoided when Burgess entered the contest with the encouragement of the previous Tory candidate John Diefenbaker . Burgess ran as an independent candidate and argued that Mackenzie King was appropriating the riding of Prince Albert and assuming the compliance of its residents . In an election address , he said : Burgess was defeated in the February 15 , 1926 , by - election by a three - to - one margin . Four years later , after the 1930 federal election defeated Mackenzie King ' s government and brought the Conservatives to power , Burgess moved to Ottawa to take up a position as private secretary to the new Minister of Agriculture , Robert Weir . He remained in Ottawa as a civil servant with the Department of Agriculture after the Conservatives were defeated in 1935 and retired from the position of chief of supplies of the department in 1957 . In 1956 , he was elected Dominion president of the Canadian Legion and served in that position for four years . He was a candidate for the city of Ottawa ' s Board of Control when he suffered a heart attack and died five days before the election .
German submarine U - 10 ( 1935 ) German submarine " U - 10 " was a Type IIB U - boat built before World War II for service in the " Kriegsmarine " . As she was one of the first batch of boats built following the renunciation of the Treaty of Versailles , she was only capable of coastal and short cruising work . This led to her being reassigned to training duties after the Norwegian campaign of 1940 together with many of her sister boats . During the war " U - 10 " sank two vessels : After almost five years she was stricken on 1 August 1944 at Danzig ( now Gdańsk ) and broken up .