naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Véhicule Blindé Léger The Panhard Véhicule Blindé Léger ( " Light armoured vehicle " ) , also known by its acronym Panhard VBL or simply VBL , is a wheeled 4x4 all - terrain vehicle built by Panhard . The vehicle is offered in various configurations , and was designed to combine the agility of the Peugeot VLTT liaison vehicle with adequate protection against small arms fire , artillery fragments , mines and NBC weapons . The VBL is fully amphibious and can swim at 5 . 4 km / h ; it is also air transportable by C - 130 , C - 160 and A400M . It was developed during the 1980s and entered operational service in France in 1990 . It has a fuel consumption of 16 litres per 100 km . Combat experience . The VBL has been used in many peacekeeping operations , notably in Bosnia , Lebanon , Somalia and Kosovo . In the 2000s and 2010s , the VBL has also been used by French forces in Côte d ' Ivoire , in Afghanistan and in Northern Mali . Due to the contribution of the French Army to the Blue Helmets in Yugoslavia , the VBL was one of the ubiquitous sights in the Siege of Sarajevo , earning it the nickname of " Sarajevo Taxi " . The Nigerian Army used the Panhard VBL M11 during Counter Insurgency operations in the Niger Delta , the Jos Plateau as well as counter - insurgency operations in the North of the Country in 2013 . The Nigerian Army versions carry a 50mm Browning HMG . Variants . French versions Export versions Note that the reconnaissance version is equipped with TR - VP 213 or PR4G radio , OB 41 and OB 43 night vision goggles and DUK - DUR 440 radiation meter and a dosimeter .
Charomskiy ACh - 30 The Charomskiy ACh - 30 was a Soviet aircraft Diesel engine developed during World War II . The initial version was not very satisfactory and it was cancelled when its factory was forced to evacuate in the autumn of 1941 . But production was reinitiated in the summer of 1942 and continued until September 1945 to meet the need for an economical engine to power the Soviet long - range bombers like the Petlyakov Pe - 8 and the Yermolayev Yer - 2 . Development . The ACh - 30 was a development of the experimental AN - 1RTK turbo - supercharged diesel engine that had begun development in the early 1930s . It was initially designated as the AD - 5 when development began in the sharashka attached to Factory ( " Zavod " ) No . 82 at Tushino Airport in 1939 . Construction of the first five prototypes began at the end of that year and it passed its tests in early 1940 . Preparations to begin series manufacture at Factory No . 82 began in May 1940 , but actual production was delayed until 1941 when forty - four were built as the M - 30 . Production was planned to be transferred to the Kharkov Tractor Factory , but this was cancelled before any engines were built . The M - 30 had proven to be unsatisfactory in service , as it was unreliable and troublesome at high altitudes and in cold conditions . Specific problems were its failure to deliver full rpms and it suffered from oil blowouts and failures of the oil pumps . Therefore production was cancelled when Factory No . 82 was forced to evacuate in the fall of 1941 because of the German advance on Moscow . Production was reinitiated in the evacuated workshops of Factory No . 82 by Factory No . 500 in June 1942 , thirty - two engines being completed during the year . Development of supercharged versions began about the same time , using geared , centrifugal type supercharger s adapted from the Mikulin AM - 38 and the Klimov M - 105 engines with intercooler s . That from the AM - 38 was more successful and was put into production as the M - 30B . Thirty - five incomplete M - 30 engines were modified beginning in August into M - 30Bs and then thirty - four M - 30Bs were produced during the rest of 1942 . Oddly the ACh - 30B , as the engine was now known , was not formally accepted for series production until 19 June 1943 , but production had begun quite a bit earlier than that . Factory No . 45 began production in the fourth quarter of 1943 . Some 1450 ACh - 30Bs were built before production ended at both factories in September 1945 . The ACh - 30B was tested as a motorjet where the jet engine ' s compressor was driven by the piston engine ' s turbochargers . It was bench tested from June 1944 through May 1945 , but was never installed in any aircraft . The jet engine ' s thrust was and the equivalent horsepower of the combination was . The combination weighed . Versions of the ACh - 30 were evaluated on the Ilyushin Il - 6 and the ANT - 67 , a long - range version of the Tupolev Tu - 2 , but neither aircraft was put into production . It was also proposed for use on the Tupolev Tu - 8 S and the MN executive transport , but neither of those projects progressed past design proposal stage .
C4ISR Journal CISR Journal ( " CISR " , or " C4ISR : The Journal of Net - Centric Warfare " ) is a monthly publication covering emerging issues and trends in global military transformation and network centric warfare technologies , products and services for leaders government , defense , and industry . " CISR " is published by the Defense News Media Group , a unit of the Army Times Publishing Company , which is a part of Gannett Company ( NYSE : GCI ) .
Robert Bray ( British Army officer ) General Sir Robert Napier Hubert Campbell ( Bobbie ) Bray , GBE , KCB , DSO and bar ( 1908 – 1983 ) was a British soldier , deputy Supreme Commander Europe of NATO ' s Allied Command Europe from 1967 to 1970 . Education . Bray was educated at St Ronan ' s School , Worthing , followed by Gresham ' s School , Holt , and the Royal Military Academy . Career . Rober Bray was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion of the Duke of Wellington ' s ( West Riding ) Regiment on 2 February 1928 . He served during World War II in North West Europe and the Middle East being promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel on 19 October 1942 . He became a Brigadier on the General Staff at the British Army of the Rhine in 1950 and then Director of Land - Air Warfare and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Standardization at the War Office in 1954 . He was promoted to major - general on 29 October 1955 and became General Officer Commanding 56th Infantry Division in 1957 . He then became GOC British Land Forces in the Arabian Peninsula in 1959 and GOC Middle East Land Forces in 1960 . He was promoted to lieutenant - general on 27 February 1961 and served as GOC - in - C at Southern Command from 1961 to 1963 . He was promoted to full general on 25 February 1965 . He was the Honorary Colonel of the Duke of Wellington ' s Regiment from 1965 to 1975 . He served as Commander - in - Chief Allied Forces Northern Europe between 1963 and 1967 and as Deputy Supreme Commander Europe at NATO ' s Allied Command between May 1967 and December 1970 , succeeding Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Thomas Pike . He retired on 9 March 1971 .
Fleetwings BQ - 1 The Fleetwings BQ - 1 was an early expendable unmanned aerial vehicle — referred to at the time as an " assault drone " — developed by Fleetwings during the Second World War for use by the United States Army Air Forces . Only a single example of the type was built , the program being cancelled following the crash of the prototype on its first flight . Development . Development of the BQ - 1 began on July 10 , 1942 , under a program for the development of " aerial torpedoes " - unmanned aircraft carrying internal bombs - that had been instigated in March of that year . Fleetwings was contracted to build a single XBQ - 1 assault drone , powered by two Franklin O - 405 - 7 opposed piston engines , and fitted with a fixed landing gear in tricycle configuration . The aircraft was optionally piloted ; a single - seat cockpit was installed for ferry and training flights ; a fairing would replace the cockpit canopy on operational missions . The BQ - 1 was intended to carry a warhead over a range of at ; the aircraft would be destroyed in the act of striking the target . A single BQ - 2 was to be constructed as well under the same contract . Flight testing . Following trials of the television - based command guidance system using a PQ - 12 target drone , and earlier trials of the XBQ - 2A , the XBQ - 1 flew in May 1944 ; however , the aircraft crashed on its maiden flight . Following the loss of the lone prototype BQ - 1 , the project was cancelled .
Bennett Southwell Ordinary Seaman Bennett Southwell GC ( 1913 – 1940 ) was a member of a Royal Navy team carrying out bomb disposal when he was killed during the London blitz . He was awarded a posthumous George Cross . Biography . Southwell was born on 21 March 1913 and enlisted into the Royal Navy in 1939 . He was called up for training on 8 June 1940 and proceeded to HMS " Ganges " . He was posted to HMS " Vernon " , as part of the Land Mine Disposal Section responsible for bomb and mine clearance work . 17 October 1940 . Southwell was part of a team tackling an unexploded parachute mine on the 17 October 1940 during the height of the blitz in Hoxton in the East End of London . Along with and his companion , Sub - Lieutenant Jack Easton , they were called to a mine in Clifton Street , Shoreditch . The street was deserted and the mine could be seen dangling from its parachute , wrapped round the chimney of a terraced house . The pair had to climb through a window into the bedroom , as the mine was blocking the door wedged between a bedstead and the collapsing chimney . Easton set about defusing the mine with Southwell passing him tools through the window . They were working in this way when the rest of the chimney collapsed , setting off the fuse which began to tick . They ran for cover in a nearby air raid shelter but the mine exploded , destroying six surrounding streets and killing Southwell instantly . Such was the damage that his body was undiscovered for a further six weeks . Sub - Lieutenant Easton survived and both men were awarded the George Cross . Southwell ' s citation reads : George Cross citation . Soutwell ' s George Cross citation appeared in the London Gazette on 23 January 1941 : Theft of medal . Southwell ' s George Cross medal was stolen from a fete in 1945 . Southwell ' s former employer , Coras Hoisery , had a duplicate made and this was presented to the family in 1948 . In 2003 the original medal appeared for sale at Dix Noonan Auctioneers . It was , at that time , in the Richard Magor Collection . A member of Southwell ' s family informed the police and the sale was stopped . The medal was then purchased from the Magor Collection and is now with the family of Southwell . See also . List of George Cross recipients
Disaster of Yongjia The Disaster of Yongjia ( Chinese : 永嘉之祸 ) referred to events that occurred in 311 CE , when Wu Hu forces captured and sacked Luoyang , the Jin capital . After this victory , Wu Hu forces committed a massacre when entering the city , killing the Jin crown prince , a host of ministers , and over 30 , 000 civilians . They also burnt down the palaces and digged up Jin mausoleums . This was seen as the event that led to the fall of the Han - majority ruled and unified Jin Dynasty , and its re - establishment as the Eastern Jin Dynasty .
Erich Zürn Erich Zürn ( 23 July 1906 – 9 August 1965 ) was a German U - boat engineer ( Ing . ) in World War II and one of the first engineers to be awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Military career . " Oberleutnant " ( Ing . ) and later " Kapitänleutnant " ( Ing . ) Zürn contributed to the success of under the command of Herbert Schultze , Hans - Rudolf Rösing and Heinrich Bleichrodt . He served as chief engineer ( " Leitender Ingenieur " abbreviated LI ) on nine patrols on one of the most successful U - boats of World War II . As flotilla engineer in the 29th U - boat Flotilla ( 1 June 1942 – 31 January 1944 ) in La Spezia and Toulon and later in the 5th U - boat Flotilla , Zürn introduced a number of improvements which helped the flotilla operate at peak efficiency .
Battle of Dynekilen The naval Battle of Dynekilen ( " Slaget ved Dynekilen " ) took place on 8 July 1716 during the Great Northern War . Background . On 28 October 1709 Frederik IV of Denmark , the Danish - Norwegian king declared war against Sweden . The war declaration came after the Swedish defeat at the Battle of Poltava , which resulted in a decisive victory for Peter I of Russia over Charles XII of Sweden . In the naval enactment , a light Danish - Norwegian force under Peter Tordenskjold trapped and defeated a similar Swedish force in Dynekilen fjord , just north of Strömstad , on the west coast of Sweden . 80 percent of the sailors and 90 percent of the soldiers in Tordenskjold ' s force were Norwegian . The Swedes had been escorting troops from Göteborg to Fredrikstad . The Danish - Norwegian flotilla defeated the Swedes , who had arranged their ships and boats defensively , and destroyed a small island fort equipped with six 12 - pounder guns . The largest Swedish ship , " Stenbock " , surrendered , after which the lighter vessels were run aground and abandoned . A Swedish land force then arrived , forcing Tordenskjold to quickly leave , taking with him some of the captured Swedish ships . The rest was destroyed . The Dano - Norwegian force suffered 76 casualties . Ships involved . Denmark - Norway ( Tordenskjold ) . " Hjælper " 47 ( barge ) < br > " Hvide Ørn " 30 ( frigate ) < br > " Vindhund " 16 ( frigate ) < br > " Charlotte Amalia " 7 ( galley ) < br > " Louisa " 7 ( galley ) < br > " Prinds Christian " 7 ( galley ) Sweden . " Stenbock " 24 ( barge ) - Surrendered < br > " Proserpina " 14 ( galley ) - Captured < br > " Ulysses " 6 ( galley ) - Captured < br > " Lucretia " 13 ( galley ) - Captured < br > " Hecla " 13 ( galley ) - Captured and destroyed < br > " Achilles " 5 ( half - galley ) - Captured < br > " Pollux " 5 ( half - galley ) - Captured < br > " Hector " 5 ( half - galley ) - Captured , destroyed soon after < br > " Castor " 5 ( half - galley ) - Captured < br > " ? " ( half - galley / " double - sloop " ) - Captured and destroyed < br > " ? " ( half - galley / " double - sloop " ) - Captured and destroyed < br > " ? " ( " double - sloop " ) - Captured < br > " ? " ( " double - sloop " ) - Captured < br > " ? " ( " double - sloop " ) - Captured and destroyed < br > " ? " ( " double - sloop " ) - Captured and destroyed < br > transports - 19 captured , 10 destroyed ( numbers not totally certain ) < br > a few armed boats - 54 captured
Max Winkler Max Winkler ( 7 September 1875 - 12 October 1961 ) was a politician and senior political appointee in the local government of West Prussia , the national government of the German Empire , the Nazi government of the German Reich , and the post - war government of West Germany . Born in Karrasch , West Prussia ( now Poland ) , Winkler came from a family of teachers . As a teenager , he was working for the postal service by 1891 . By 1914 he was a city councillor in Graudenz , West Prussia ( now Grudziądz , Poland ) , and by November 1918 was the last mayor of German Graudenz . This portion of West Prussia was part of the Polish Corridor , ceded to the Second Republic of Poland , following World War I , to provide it access to the Baltic Sea . From 1919 Winkler was a member of the " Landtag " in Prussia for the German Democratic Party , and between 1920 and 1933 served as Reich Trustee for Ceded German Areas . As head of " Cautio Treuhand GmbH " , a German holding company , Winkler was trusted with the task of economically and culturally supporting ethnic German communities in other countries , and establishing the " fortification " of German minority newspapers . After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Nazi Germany in 1933 , Winkler was instrumental in the " Gleichschaltung " ( bringing in line ) of the press . Winkler did not join the ruling Nazi Party until 1937 . In the same year , the Führer named him " Reich Commissioner for the German Film Industry " . In this function , by order of Joseph Goebbels ' s Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , he decreed appointments and instructions which curtailed the industry ' s entrepreneurial freedom . This included the nationalization of controlling interests in all German film production companies . Between 1939 and 1945 , Winkler was leader of the Main Trusteeship East ( " Haupttreuhandstelle Ost " ) , responsible for the administration of seized industrial and property assets in Poland during World War II . After the war , Winkler was held in an internment camp while the Denazification court in Lüneburg considered his fate . By 11 August 1949 , the court had classified Winkler as " uncharged " and released him . He then became a staffer at a film company . Under orders from the new West German government , Winkler was involved in the attempted Denazification of the Universum Film AG company — whose product was so associated with the Third Reich that reissues of its non - political catalogue were proving difficult to market . Winkler died in 1961 in Düsseldorf .
138th Ohio Infantry The 138th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 138th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 138th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati , Ohio and mustered in May 14 , 1864 for 100 days service . The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps . Assigned to 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , X Corps , Army of the James . The 138th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Camp Dennison on September 1 , 1864 . Detailed service . Left Ohio for Washington , D . C . , May 14 . Picket duty at Harpers Ferry , West Virginia , May 16 – 22 . Reached Washington May 22 . Assigned to garrison duty at Forts Albany , Craig , and Tillinghast , defenses of Washington , south of the Potomac , until June 5 . Moved to White House Landing , Viriginia , June 5 . Picket and guard duty there until June 16 . Moved to Bermuda Hundred , Virginia , June 16 . Picket and fatigue duty at Bermuda Hundred , Point of Rocks , Broadway Landing , and Cherrystone Inlet until August . Ohio National Guard . Over 35 , 000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864 . Shipped to the Eastern Theater , they were designed to be placed in " safe " rear areas to protect railroads and supply points , thereby freeing regular troops for Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ’ s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . As events transpired , many units found themselves in combat , stationed in the path of Confederate Gen . Jubal Early ’ s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Ohio Guard units met the battle - tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington , D . C . from capture . Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy , Fort Stevens , Harpers Ferry , and in the siege of Petersburg . Casualties . The regiment lost 8 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
List of military conflicts spanning multiple wars Early histories of a war typically describe the war as it was declared by the states involved . It is not uncommon for later historians to group together a series of wars over a long period or spread over several theaters as part of a broader conflict or strategic campaign . The most familiar of these in the present day is probably the Cold War , which included the Soviet occupation of Europe versus European Resistance movements , Korean War , Vietnam War , and Soviet war in Afghanistan to name a few wars during the cold war . These groupings provide useful context for the wars involved . Note that some groupings overlap time periods and its possible for more than one war to be going on at the same time .
Xue Li ( Han Dynasty ) Xue Li ( died 195 ) was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Yao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . He , Zhang Ying and Chen Heng guarded Moling when Sun Ce invaded Jiangdong , but he was lured into an ambush by Sun and slain .
Dudley Gordon , 3rd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair Lieutenant - Colonel Dudley Gladstone Gordon , 3rd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair DSO ( 6 May 1883 – 16 April 1972 ) , styled Lord Dudley Gordon from 1916 to 1965 , was a British peer , soldier , and industrialist . Aberdeen was the second son of John Hamilton - Gordon , 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair , and his wife Ishbel , daughter of Dudley Marjoribanks , 1st Baron Tweedmouth . He attended Harrow School and was awarded an honorary doctorate of Law from the University of Aberdeen . He worked for J . and E . Hall Ltd ( an engineering company based in Dartmouth ) from 1907 and became a director in 1910 . He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 8th Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders in 1914 . He was shortly thereafter transferred to the 9th Battalion as a temporary captain , and was later promoted to temporary major . In 1917 , he received the Distinguished Service Order for gallantry in supervising the construction of two artillery tracks under enemy fire . He later gained the rank of Lieutenant - Colonel and served as commander of the 8 / 10th Battalion from 1917 to 1919 . He was later President of the British Association for Refrigeration from 1926 and 1929 , President of the British Engineers Association from 1936 to 1939 and President of the Federation of British Industries between 1940 and 1943 , and President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers . Family . Lord Aberdeen and Temair married , firstly , Cécile Elizabeth Drummond ( 7 August 1878 – 17 September 1948 ) , daughter of George James Drummond , on 25 April 1907 . They had five children : He married , secondly , Margaret Gladys Munn ( died 22 November 1990 ) , on 17 June 1949 .
Houston Stewart Admiral of the Fleet Sir Houston Stewart GCB ( 3 August 1791 – 10 December 1875 ) was a Royal Navy officer and briefly a Liberal Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) . Naval career . Born at Springkell , near Kirtlebridge , Dumfriesshire , the son of Sir Michael Shaw Stewart , 5th Bart . , of Greenock and Blackhall , Stewart joined the Royal Navy in February 1805 . After service at Walcheren in 1809 he was posted to the Jamaica Station as a commander . After promotion to captain , he was in charge of HMS " Menai " and the Halifax dockyard . He served in the Syrian War as captain of the HMS " Benbow " . Thereafter the was Captain - Superintendent of Woolwich Dockyard , Controller - General of the Coastguard and a Commissioner of the Admiralty ( Third Naval Lord and then Second Naval Lord ) . He was made a Rear - Admiral in 1851 . During the Crimean War , Stewart was second in command of the Black Sea and was in command at the capture of Kinburn . His flag in was in . Thereafter he was Superintendent of Devonport dockyard from 1856 , Commander - in - Chief , North America and West Indies Station from later that year and Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth from 1860 . Appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital in 1869 , he became Admiral of the Fleet in 1872 . At the 1837 general election he stood for Parliament in Renfrewshire , but was unsuccessful . He entered the House of Commons fifteen years later , when he was elected a by - election in February 1852 as a Member of Parliament MP for Greenwich , following the resignation of Sir James Dundas . However , he held the seat for only a few months , until his defeat at the general election in July 1852 . He married , in 1819 , Martha , youngest daughter of Lord Glenlee , and had three sons , the eldest of whom was Admiral Sir William Houston Stewart GCB .