naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer ( December 18 , 1747 – August 19 , 1804 ) , born in Delle , near Belfort , became a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and on three occasions led armies in combat . Early career . Schérer served in the Austrian army long before the Revolution , but defected to France in 1775 . In 1780 Schérer became a major in an artillery regiment stationed in Strasbourg . He entered Dutch service in 1785 as a major in the " Légion de Maillebois " . In 1790 he was released from Dutch service with the rank of lieutenant colonel . French Revolution . He returned to France in 1791 and in 1792 was made a captain in the 82nd Infantry Regiment , serving as aide - de - camp to General Jean de Prez de Crassier at the Battle of Valmy . In 1793 he served as a senior aide - de - camp to general Alexandre de Beauharnais on the Rhine . In 1794 , Schérer was promoted to the rank of " général de division " and commanded a division in the Army of the Sambre and Meuse , serving with distinction at the Battle of Aldenhoven . On May 3 , he married Marie Françoise Henriette Caroline Müller in a civil ceremony at Delle in the Franche - Comté . On November 3 , 1794 , he was named commander of the Army of Italy before his transfer to command the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees on March 3 , 1795 . On June 14 , a 35 , 000 - strong Spanish army defeated Schérer ' s 25 , 000 men in battle at Bàscara in Catalonia province in Spain . On August 31 , 1795 he was again sent to Italy to replace François Kellerman ( the older ) as commander - in - chief of the Army of Italy . As commander of the Army of Italy , Schérer won the Battle of Loano ( 22 – 24 November 1795 ) against an Austrian army but failed to exploit his advantage due to his own caution and winter weather . He was relieved of the command of this army on February 23 , 1796 and replaced by Napoleon Bonaparte . Schérer was then unemployed for a number of months until being named Inspector - General of Cavalry , first of the Army of the Interior and then of the Army of the Rhine and the Moselle . War of the Second Coalition . He served as French Minister of War from July 22 , 1797 to February 21 , 1799 . When the War of the Second Coalition broke out , Schérer was given command of the Army of Italy once again . He won an initial clash at Pastrengo on March 26 . But he proved unable to stop the Russo - Austrian advance . He was defeated by Austrian General Pál Kray at the Battle of Magnano on April 5 . " Schérer went into this battle without forming a reserve and was thus unable to react to crisis or opportunities effectively . " Forced to retire behind the river Mincio , he gave up command to Jean Moreau . Because of his loss of Italy he was forced to appear before a committee of inquiry . After securing an acquittal , he retired to private life on his estate at Chauny in Picardy , where he died in 1804 .
HMS Unity ( 1665 ) HMS " Unity " was a 42 - gun fourth - rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy , formerly the Dutch warship " Eendracht " , captured from the Dutch on 22 February 1665 by the English warships " Yarmouth " , " Diamond " and " Mermaid " . " Unity " was commissioned on 1665 under Captain Thomas Trafford . In 1667 she became a guard ship at Sheerness , but was recaptured by the Dutch warship " Vrede " during the Raid on the Medway in June 1667 .
French frigate Descartes Descartes was a wooden - hulled paddle frigate of the French Navy . Laid down as " Gomer " , she was renamed " Descartes " in 1841 while still on the stocks . She took part in the Crimean War , and was used to ferry wounded from Italy . On 17 October 1855 , she took part in the Battle of Kinburn . She was eventually broken up in Brest in July 1867 .
Spanish ship Juan Sebastián Elcano ( 1927 ) The Juan Sebastián de Elcano is a training ship for the Royal Spanish Navy . She is a four - masted topsail , steel - hulled schooner . At 113 metres ( 370 feet ) long , she is the third - largest Tall Ship in the world . She is named after Spanish explorer Juan Sebastián Elcano , captain of Ferdinand Magellan ' s last exploratory fleet . The ship also carries the de Elcano coat of arms , which was granted to the family by Emperor Charles I following Elcano ' s return in 1522 from Magellan ' s global expedition . The coat of arms is a terraqueous globe with the motto " Primus Circumdedisti Me " ( meaning : " First to circumnavigate me " ) . The " Juan Sebastián de Elcano " was built in 1927 in Cadiz , Spain , and her hull was designed by the Spanish naval architect and engineer Juan Antonio Aldecoa y Arias in the Echevarrieta y Larrinaga shipyard in Cadiz . After the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931 it became part of the Spanish Republican Navy . In 1933 under Commander Salvador Moreno Fernández ' s order a series of improvements were made to the ship and the bronze plate with the Latin language inscription " Tu Primus Circundedisti Me " was placed near the prow . At the time of the coup of July 1936 it was at Ferrol , a harbor that had been taken by the Nationalist faction . Her plans were used twenty - five years later to construct her Chilean sail training vessel sister ship " Esmeralda " in 1952 - 1954 .
Loyettes Airfield Loyettes Airfield is an abandoned World War II United States Army Air Forces military airfield in France , which was located approximately 1 km north of Loyettes ( Département de l ' Ain , Rhone - Alpes ) , 28 km east of Lyon . It was located at a prewar grass airdrome , which was improved by the XII Engineer Command for military aircraft use . It was known as Advanced Landing Ground Y - 25 . Y - 25 consisted of the sod runway , 6000 ' in length and 150 ' wide , aligned 02 / 20 . The airfield was equipped with an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure ; a dump for supplies , ammunition , and gasoline drums , along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting . Tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities . The XII Fighter Command 27th Fighter Group used the airfield between 11 September and early October 1944 , flying A - 36 Apache ground attack aircraft in support of ground forces advancing into Eastern France . The 57th Air Service Squadron provided ground echelon support . The Americans left the airdrome on 20 November , returning it to local authorities . Today , the area where Loyettes Airfield existed is an agricultural area .
William Napier , 13th Lord Napier Lt . Col . William Francis Cyril James Hamilton Napier , 13th Lord Napier , 4th Baron Ettrick DL ( 9 September 1900 – 23 August 1954 ) was a Scottish soldier and courtier . He was the eldest son of Francis Napier , the 12th Lord Napier and his wife Hon . Clarice Jessie E . Hamilton , daughter of James Hamilton , 9th Lord Belhaven and Stenton . He was educated at Wellington College and Sandhurst . He succeeded as Lord Napier and Ettrick and as chief of the name and arms of Clan Napier upon his father ' s death in 1941 . In 1920 , he was commissioned into the King ' s Own Scottish Borderers , as a 2nd Lieutenant , rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel by 1939 . During this time , he served as the Commanding officer of the 6th Battalion of the Scottish Borderers ( from 1939 to 1941 ) , as well as Assistant Adjutant General of the War Office ( from 1943 to 1944 - under General Sir Ronald Adam ) . He was elected into the Royal Company of Archers in 1930 , and held a number of political positions , including County Councillor for Selkirkshire ( from 1946 – 1948 ) and DL and JP for Selkirkshire . In 1928 , He married Violet Muir Newson , and had four children :
643rd Tank Destroyer Battalion The 643rd Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War . The battalion was activated at Camp Blanding on 15 December 1941 , in line with the reorganisation of the anti - tank force , by redesignating the Provisional Antitank Battalion of the 43rd Infantry Division . It was later organized as a towed battalion , equipped with towed 3 " anti - tank guns . The 643rd deployed into Normandy exactly three years after it was activated , landing at Cherbourg on 15 December 1944 . The following day , a major German offensive was launched in the Ardennes forest , beginning the Battle of the Bulge , and the battalion was rushed into action , arriving at the front on 22 December . One company was deployed that same evening to support an attack on Hotton by elements of Combat Command Reserve of the 3rd Armored Division . The battalion remained attached to the 3rd Armoured until 26 December , supporting it in a number of small - scale engagements . The battalion was later briefly attached to the 82nd Airborne Division before being assigned to the 83rd Infantry Division on 2 February ; it would serve with them for the remainder of the war After being re - equipped with M18 Hellcat tank destroyers in March , it pushed into central Germany with the 83rd , crossing the Elbe river before being withdrawn to take up occupation duties in the Harz Mountains at the end of the war .
16th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 16th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry , nicknamed " The Twins " for its long association with the 10th Illinois , was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 16th Illinois Infantry was organized at Quincy , Illinois and mustered into Federal service on May 24 , 1861 for three years service . The regiment was mustered out of service on July 8 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 3 officers and 54 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 3 officers and 110 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 170 fatalities .
Special Service Unit No . 1 The Special Services Unit No . 1 was a short lived special forces unit during World War II . Formed in July 1943 , they undertook reconnaissance for intelligence about proposed landing sites . Initially based at Cairns , Australia formed of both American and Australian personnel , they trained and undertook courses in martial arts , hand to hand combat , map making , rubber craft operation , jungle survival training , pidgin English , and underwater coral formations and sea creatures recognition . In August 1943 they moved to Fergusson Island , New Guinea and later in November 1943 the unit was relocated to Milne Bay , with many men being redeployed to other units . In December 1943 , the remaining officers and men of unit returned to their respective services . Missions were undertaken at Finschhafen , Arawe , Gasmata and Cape Gloucester .
Aleksander Kostka Napierski Aleksander Leon Kostka - Napierski ( 1620 – 1651 ) , Polish captain during the Thirty Years ' War in Swedish service , participant of battle in Germany and organizer of the Kostka - Napierski Uprising . According to the historian prof . Paweł Wieczorkiewicz , Napierski was in service to Khmelnytsky . Professor of History Janusz Tazbir was of a similar opinion . However , other historians , such as Adam Kersten , cautiously connect Kostki - Napierski with the Swedish king , with Khmelnytsky , or with the court of Rákóczi . Life and service . Kostka - Napierski served in the Swedish army as a mercenary during the Thirty Years ' War . He returned to Poland after the death of Władysław IV Vasa . He contacted Bohdan Khmelnytsky , attempting to expand the his revolt onto Tatra Polish lands and became the leader of the Tatra highlands peasants ( " Górale " ) , In 1651 , he organized recruitment to the rebel army in the Tatra mountains in Podhale ( with M . Radocki and S . Łętowski ) . Napierski called on every peasant in Poland to rise and overthrow the nobles from their position and power . His appeal did not meet with a great response . In June 1651 , they attacked and occupied the castle in Czorsztyn , without waiting for assistance from prince George II Rákóczi ( who had allied himself with Khmelnytsky ) . After a short occupation , troops of the Bishop of Kraków Piotr Gembicki retook the castle . The revolt was stamped out , and Napierski and other leaders of the revolt were convicted and sentenced to capital punishment , and were impaled . Culture . Aleksander Kostka - Napierski was featured in the Polish poet Władysław Orkan ' s novel " Kostka - Napierski . Powieść z XVII wieku " and in director ' s Jan Batory ' s movie " Podhale w Ogniu " . Streets are named after him in Szczecin , Łódź , Katowice , and Gdynia .
Losuia Airport Losuia Airport is an airport in Losuia , on the island of Kiriwina , Papua New Guinea . History . Kiriwina Airfield was a coral surfaced long x wide single runway , built by US Army Engineers with assistance from combat troops shortly after occupying the island on 30 June 1943 during World War II . A C - 47 was the first aircraft to land at the airfield on 2 August 1943 . US Navy Seabees expanded the airfield constructing a taxiway , 25 fighter hardstands , a taxiway and 16 bomber hardstands . Also known as " South Drome " , upon completion of North Drome on the northern part of Kiriwina .
RAF Oakington Royal Air Force station Oakington or more simply RAF Oakington is a Royal Air Force station located north of Oakington , Cambridgeshire , England and north — west of Cambridge . History . Second World War . Construction was started in 1939 , but was affected by the outbreak of war , the original plan called for Type C hangars two type J were erected instead . It was used by No . 2 Group in July 1940 for No . 218 Squadron which had recently returned from France . In September , Oakington was passed on for the No . 2 Group which stationed the first Short Stirling Squadron No . 7 . The newly formed No . 3 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit started to use RAF Oakington to conduct high altitude work for Bomber Command ' s targets however there were poor surface conditions at RAF Oakington so No . 3 PRU often operated from RAF Alconbury . Post war . The airfield contracted after the war , and much evidence of this is visible in farmland surrounding the current perimeter . During the 1950s RAF Oakington was an Advanced Flying Training School ( No . 5 FTS ) , converting trainee pilots to jets on Vampires and in the 1960s and 1970s it was used for flight training , operating Vickers Varsity aircraft . When the need for training on piston engined aircraft reduced it was closed , becoming a British Army barracks . Immigration Reception Centre . In 2000 the station domestic area was leased to the Home Office , and converted for use as Oakington Immigration Reception Centre until November 2010 . Future use . Since 2007 plans have been developed to build Northstowe , a new settlement of 9 , 500 houses on the site . Demolition of parts of the site commenced in late January 2011 by the contractor Sovereign Plant Ltd . External links .
Charles Treat Charles G . Treat ( December 30 , 1859 — October 11 , 1941 ) was a Major General in the United States Army . Biography . Charles Gould Treat was born in Dexter , Maine on December 30 , 1859 , and was a direct descendant of Governor Robert Treat . He was raised in Monroe , Wisconsin , and graduated from Monroe High School in 1878 . Treat graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1882 , and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant of Artillery . He attended Columbia Law School in 1884 and 1885 , while stationed at Fort Schuyler . Early military career . Treat served in Artillery assignments in the United States , including postings to the western states during the American Indian Wars and duty as aide - de - camp to Oliver O . Howard . During the Spanish - American War he served in Cuba as Assistant Adjutant of an Artillery brigade . From 1901 to 1905 he served as Commandant of Cadets at West Point . Treat was Inspector General for US forces in Cuba from 1906 to 1908 . In 1910 he graduated from the United States Army War College . Later military career . Treat served on the Army ' s General Staff for several years , and commanded the Hawaiian Department in 1917 . World War I . During World War I Treat commanded the 37th Infantry Division at Camp Sheridan , near Montgomery , Alabama , receiving temporary promotion to Major General . In 1918 he was assigned to command the Western Department , stationed at Fort Mason , California . He was Chief of the U . S . Military Mission to the Italian Army from 1918 to 1919 , and took part in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto . Post World War I . After the war Treat returned to his permanent rank of Brigadier General and served as commander of Fort Stotsenburg , Philippines , remaining on active duty until retiring in 1922 . In 1930 he was promoted to Major General on the retired list . Awards . Treat received the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his World War I service . He was also a recipient of the Order of the White Eagle ( Serbia ) with swords and the Italian Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus . His Distinguished Service Medal citation reads : Death and burial . Treat resided in Washington , D . C . , and died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center on October 11 , 1941 . He is buried at West Point Cemetery , Section 1 , Site B - 25 . Family . In 1889 Treat married Margaret Louise Cornell , the daughter of John Black Cornell , a wealthy New York City businessman . She died in 1921 , and he later married Edith Pennington , the widow of Lieutenant Colonel Godfrey MacDonald ( 1858 - 1918 ) and daughter of Alexander Cummings McWhorter Pennington , Jr . Treat ' s son Joseph Bradford Treat , grandson Archibald Vincent Arnold Jr . , and great - grandson Archibald Vincent Arnold III all graduated from West Point .
Breddan Aerodrome Breddan Aerodrome is a heritage - listed abandoned aerodrome located north of Charters Towers , Queensland , Australia . The airfield was constructed by the USAAF 38th Bomb Group in August 1942 as a satellite field for Charters Towers Airport , and later used by the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II as a maintenance base . Consisting of two runways , the airfield was abandoned after 1948 . Today , the remains of the airfield consist of some deteriorating runways , taxiways and hardstands , mostly being reclaimed by grassland and shrub . No buildings have survived . Heritage listing . The aerodrome was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 2010 .
French submarine Perle ( S606 ) The Perle is a first - generation nuclear attack submarines of the French Navy . She is the sixth and last of the " Rubis " series . She was deployed in the Royal Navy Auriga 2010 exercise alongside 7 Royal Navy war ships and 1 US navy destroyer .
Eupolemus ( general ) Eupolemus ( in Greek Eυπόλεμoς ; lived 4th century BC ) was one of the generals of Cassander ; he was sent by him in 314 BC to invade Caria , but was surprised and taken prisoner by Ptolemy , a general who commanded that province for Antigonus . He must have been liberated again directly , as the next year ( 313 BC ) we find him commanding the forces left by Cassander in Greece , when he moved northward against Antigonus . Notes .
Central battery ship The centre battery ship ( UK ) or casemate ship ( continental navies ) was a development of the ( high - freeboard ) broadside ironclad of the 1860s . The central battery ships had their main guns concentrated in the middle of the ship in an armoured citadel . The concentration of armament amidships meant the ship could be shorter and handier than a broadside type like previous warships . In this manner the design could maximize the thickness of armour in a limited area while still carrying a significant broadside . These ships meant the end of the armoured frigate s with their full - length gun decks . In the UK , the man behind the design was the newly appointed Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy , Edward James Reed . The previous Royal Navy ironclad designs , represented by HMS " Warrior " , had proven to be seaworthy , fast under power and sail , but their armour could be easily penetrated by more modern guns . The first central battery ship was HMS " Bellerophon " of 1865 . Great Britain built a total of 18 central battery ships before turret s became common on high - freeboard ships in the 1880s . The 2nd British central battery ship , HMS " Hercules " , served as model for the Austrian navy , starting with their first design ( 6 , 100 tons ) designed by Joseph von Romako and launched in 1871 . The Austrian — not to be confused with German — was built along a similar design , although the hull had been converted from a wooden ship , and it was slightly smaller ( 5 , 800 tons ) . The Austrian central battery design was pushed further with ( 7 , 100 tons ) and ( 5 , 900 tons ) , which had double - decked casemates ; after studying the Battle of Lissa , Romako designed these so more guns could shoot forward . Three older broadside ironclads of the " Kaiser Max " class ( 3600 tons : " Kaiser Max " , " Don Juan D ' Austria " and " Prinz Eugen " ) were also officially " converted " to casemate design , although they were mostly built from scratch . The largest design yet was the , later renamed to " Mars " when was commissioned . The Austrian records distinguish between the category of older broadside ironclads and the newer designs using the words " Panzerfregatten " ( armoured frigates ) and respectively " Casemattschiffe " ( casemate ships ) . The German navy had two large casemate ships ( about 8800 tons ) of the " Kaiser " class built in UK shipyards . The first ironclad of the Greek navy , " Vasilefs Georgios " ( 1867 ) , was also built in the UK ; at 1700 tons , it was a minimalist casemate design having only two large 9in guns , and two small 20 pounders . The Italians had only one casemate ship built , the " Venezia " , converted from broadside during construction . The disadvantage of the centre - battery was that , while more flexible than the broadside , each gun still had a relatively restricted field of fire and few guns could fire directly ahead . The centre - battery ships were soon succeeded by turreted warships .
Legion of Death ( military unit ) The Legion of Death ( ) was a regimental - size Slovenian anti - Communist militia of the Second World War . It consisted of three battalion s and was formed in August 1942 when the Slovenian Chetnik Styrian battalion was incorporated into the Anti - Communist Volunteer Militia , the anti - Communist militia of the Fascist Italians who occupied Slovenia at the time . It mainly fought against the Communist Yugoslav Partisans . The unit reached a strength of 1731 members in October 1942 , but plans for further expansion were never realized . The unit was mainly led by former Yugoslav Royal Army officers . When the Italians capitulated in 1943 , the unit was disbanded and its members absorbed into the Slovene Home Guard units .
Ōuchi clan Based in Suō Province , towards the western end of Honshū , the Ōuchi were among the primary families to be involved in foreign trade and relations , particularly with China . Following the Ōnin War ( 1467 – 1477 ) , a strong rivalry developed between the Ōuchi and the Hosokawa family , who were now in power . The two clashed at Ningpo in 1523 , and as a result the Chinese closed Ningpo to Japanese traders . By the time the Ōuchi were again allowed to send a ship a few years later , the trade was dying out . The family ' s trade with China fully came to an end by 1548 , their monopoly broken by merchants from the seaport of Sakai . The Ōuchi also housed the Spanish Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier for a time in 1551 . As a result of their wealth and trading contacts , the Ōuchi gained renown in the worlds of art and culture as well . They possessed countless items of cultural and artistic significance and beauty , from Japan and China , as well as from further abroad . Particularly famous was the invitation by Ōuchi Masahiro of the famous painter Sesshū to Yamaguchi in 1486 .