naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Hardtack Teak HARDTACK - Teak was an exoatmospheric high altitude nuclear weapon test performed during Operation Hardtack I . It was launched from Johnston Island on a Redstone missile . On 1 August 1958 , the 3 . 8 Mt shot detonated at an altitude of 76 . 8 km . " Teak " caused communications impairment over a widespread area in the Pacific basin . This was due to the injection of a large quantity of fission debris into the ionosphere . The debris prevented normal ionospheric reflection of high - frequency ( HF ) radio wave s back towards Earth , which disrupted most long - distance HF radio communications . The nuclear detonation occurred at 1050 UTC on 1 August 1958 ( which was 11 : 50 p . m . , Johnston Island local time , on 31 July 1958 ) . Along with HARDTACK - Orange it was one of the two largest high - altitude nuclear explosion s . The 3 . 8 megaton detonation was planned to occur at an altitude of 250 , 000 feet approximately six miles south of Johnston Island . However , due to a programming failure it burst directly over the island at the desired elevation making the island the effective ground - zero . This brought the explosion 2 , 000 feet ( approximately 2 / 5ths of a mile ) nearer than intended to the launch site control and analysis crews . The " Teak " test was originally planned to be launched from Bikini Atoll , but Lewis Strauss , chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission opposed the test because of fears that the flash from the nighttime detonation might blind Islanders who were living on nearby atolls . He finally agreed to approve the high - altitude test on the condition that the launch point be moved from Bikini Atoll to the more remote site at Johnston Island . According to the book " Defense ' s Nuclear Agency 1947 – 1997 " , when the " Teak " detonation occurred :
Jeremy Mackenzie General Sir John Jeremy Mackenzie GCB , OBE , DL ( born 11 February 1941 ) is a former British Army General who became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe . Military career . Jeremy Mackenzie was commissioned into the Queen ’ s Own Highlanders in July 1961 . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 1st Battalion Queen ’ s Own Highlanders in 1980 . He was made Commander of the 12th Armoured Brigade in 1984 and Commandant of the Staff College , Camberley in March 1989 before becoming General Officer Commanding 4th Armoured Division in December 1989 . On 2 December 1991 he was appointed the last Commander 1st ( British ) Corps with the acting rank of Lieutenant - General and in 1992 he formed the Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps and became its first Commander . In 1994 he became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe and was responsible for coordinating 52 , 000 troops from 34 nations who moved into Bosnia and Herzegovina . He retired from the Army in 1999 . He was also an Aide de Camp General to the Queen from 1992 to 1996 . He was Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from August 1999 to September 2006 . He is also a Deputy Lieutenant of Greater London . References .
USS Curlew ( AM - 8 ) USS " Curlew " ( AM - 8 ) was a acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mine s from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Curlew " was launched on 29 August 1918 by Staten Island Shipbuilding Co . , New York ; sponsored by Mrs . G . C . Rhodes ; and commissioned on 7 January 1919 , Lieutenant J . McCloy in command . North Atlantic operations . Clearing Boston , Massachusetts on 5 April 1919 , " Curlew " arrived at Inverness , Scotland on 20 April and was fitted out for experimental minesweeping out of Kirkwall , the Orkney Islands base for operations in the North Sea minefields . She sailed for home on 2 October , calling at Chatham , England ; Brest , France ; Lisbon , Portugal ; the Azores ; and Bermuda , and reaching New York on 19 November . Arriving at Portsmouth Navy Yard on 26 November , she was placed in ordinary on 16 November 1920 without a crew . East Coast operations . In commission from 29 December 1920 – 7 February 1921 , " Curlew " served with the Atlantic Fleet , then returned to reserve at Portsmouth . Recommissioned on 29 October , she cruised to Guantanamo Bay , Cuba , in the first four months of 1922 to give support to the ships training there , then sailed north to New London to serve as submarine tender until September . From September 1922 – February 1923 , she operated with submarines in Chesapeake Bay and off the Virginia coast . Reassigned to the 15th Naval District , " Curlew " reported at Coco Solo , Panama Canal Zone on 6 August . Besides acting as tender for seaplanes , she carried out rescue and salvage operations from Coco Solo . Grounding on the rocks . On 15 December 1925 , " Curlew " grounded on the rocks at Point Mosquito , Panama . Determined efforts were made to save her , but the heavy surf pounded her to pieces . Decommissioning . She was decommissioned on 28 February 1926 , after all salvageable material was removed .
Harbin Y - 11 The Harbin Y - 11 ( NATO reporting name - Chan ) is a high wing twin - engine piston utility aircraft built by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation ( HAMC ) . Development . A requirement for a twin - engined light utility transport was issued by the Chinese government in November 1974 . Design of the Y - 11 , under Xiong Wenjie , was completed at Harbin in June 1975 and prototype construction started immediately . The static test article completed its test cycle on 19 December 1975 and the first flight of the prototype followed soon after on 30t December 1975 . The Y - 11 was proposed in April 1974 , and the design was begun in January 1975 . Production started on 3 April 1977 with at least fifty aircraft known to have been built before production stopped in favour of the Harbin Y - 12 .
Thule Air Station Thule Air Station ( ADC ID : G - 32 ) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located south of Thule Air Base , Greenland . It was closed in 1965 . History . Thule Air Station was constructed as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) radar site at the World War II Bluie West - 6 weather station in 1950 by Northeast Air Command ( NEAC ) , in conjunction with the larger Thule Air Base , 9 miles to the north . Its mission was to detect intrusion of unknown aircraft and relay that information to the interceptor squadron at Thule Air Base . The 931st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was assigned on 1 July 1952 by NEAC , and the station was declared operationally ready on 8 November 1952 , the station ( G - 32 ) was equipped with AN / FPS - 3 , AN / FPS - 4 , AN / FPS - 20 A and AN / FPS - 6 radars . To broaden its range , two additional manned sites were established . Etah Air Station ( G - 33 , AKA " A - site " ) north - northwest , hosted Detachment 1 , 921st AC & W Squadron , equipped with two AN / TPS - 1 D radars . Ice Cap Air Station ( G - 34 , AKA " B - site " ) , north - northeast , hosted detachment 2 , and was also equipped with two AN / TPS - 1 Ds . The main station was logistically supported by Thule Air Base , and personnel assigned to the Radar Station would transport to and from the base , weather permitting . Duty at the station consisted of an " A " and a " B " shift of twelve hours each day , seven days a week . Personnel at the remote sites lived under the snow in metal structures connected by unheated hallways of steel corrugated tubes . When they did go outside it was through hatches in the ceilings to access auxiliary structures and the radar antennas . The locations of the stations , all north of the Arctic Circle , meant long periods without sunlight all day or with sunlight all day . The remote sites were supported by C - 47 Skytrain s equipped with skis , which would land on the hard - packed snow near the stations , providing logistical support and personnel transportation to and from Thule AB . Each remote site had a personnel complement of 20 . Although the Air Force provided as much in terms of recreation facilities at the remote sites as was possible , the fact was that in the 1950s , the duty there was extremely isolated and hard on the airmen stationed there . Det 1 and Det 2 were closed in April 1957 when Air Defense Command took over the stations and inactivated the " A " and " B " sites . The radar site closed on 24 December 1965 , and was replaced by the 12th Missile Warning Squadron , with radars designed to monitor ICBM launches rather than aircraft coming over from the Soviet Union . The main station at Thule was torn down in 1985 . The remote sites were abandoned and left to the Arctic elements . Air Force units and assignments . Units : Assignments :
Wilhelm Grieme Wilhelm " Willi " Grieme ( 4 October 1914 – 31 July 2005 ) was a Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) , in the Waffen - SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . This was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Willi Grieme , was born on the 4 October 1915 at Trieste . In World War II he volunteered to join the Waffen SS and was posted to the 2nd SS Panzer Division " Das Reich " . He was selected to be an officer and commanded the 6th Company , 4th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment " Der Führer " . He was awarded the Iron Cross , 1st and 2nd class in December 1941 and the Knight ' s Cross in September 1943 . Willi Grieme survived the war and died on the 31 July 2005 .
IAR 80 The IAR 80 was a Romanian fighter first project developed by cia . IAR , thanks to the experience here in construction under license from the Polish PZL aircraft . Despite the weak arms ( only remedied in version IAR 80C , with two 20 mm cannons ) showed good performance in the WWII until the appearance of best Soviet models , being gradually replaced by the Me - 109 G .
Sack of Rome ( 846 ) In 846 AD Arab raiders plundered the environs of Rome , including the Vatican , sacking Old St . Peter ' s and St . Paul ' s - Outside - the - Walls , but were prevented from entering the city itself by the Aurelian Wall . Rome has been sacked many times throughout its history ; the attack of 846 is often referred to as the " Arab sack of Rome " to distinguish it from the others . Background . In the 820s AD , Arabs ( known by medieval Italians as the Saracens ) began the conquest of Sicily . In 842 , Arab forces tried to capture Ponza , but were beaten off by a combined fleet from Naples and Gaeta . However , the same year they took Messina , Sicily . Around the same time Radelchis I of Benevento and Siconulf of Salerno , rivals engaged in civil war , hired Saracen mercenaries to fight in Campania . Raid . A large force set sail from Campania , landed at Portus and Ostia in 846 . The Saracens struck as the Roman militia hastily retreated to safety of Roman walls . The Saracen raiders seem to have known about Rome ' s extraordinary treasures . Some holy - and impressive - basilicas , such as St . Peter ' s Basilica , were outside the Aurelian walls , and thus easy targets . They were " filled to overflowing with rich liturgical vessels and with jeweled reliquaries housing all of the relics recently amassed " . As a result the raiders pillaged the holy shrines , including St . Peter ' s basilica . Contemporary historians believe the raiders had known exactly where to look for the most valuable treasures . Aftermath . Rome fortified its defenses after the sacking , repelling a raid in 849 ; the city was never again attacked by an Arab fleet .
USS Satilla ( SP - 687 ) USS " Satilla " ( SP - 687 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . Construction and acquisition . " Satilla " was built as a private steam yacht of the same name by George Lawley & Son at Neponset , Massachusetts , in 1902 . After the death of her owner , R . Hall McCormick of Chicago , Illinois , the State of Maine purchased her from McCormick ' s estate in May 1917 for the local use of the section patrol commander at Rockville , Maine . On 17 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy purchased " Satilla " from the State of Maine for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She began operating with the Maine Naval Militia on 24 May 1917 , patrolling the Maine coast . The Navy commissioned her as USS " Saltilla " ( SP - 687 ) on 31 May 1917 with Ensign Roswell F . Eaton , USNRF , in command , and she was enrolled in the Naval Coast Defense Reserve on 18 June 1917 . U . S . Navy service . " Satilla " carried out patrol duties off Rockville and Bath , Maine , for the rest of World War I , frequently lying to overnight at Cross Island , Winter Harbor , and Cutler Harbor . On 1 September 1917 , she served as one of the escorts for the new destroyer USS " Manley " ( Destroyer No . 74 ) during " Manley " s sea trials off Bath . While lying alongside the Hodge Boiler Works pier at Rockville in mid - 1918 , " Satilla " was accidentally rammed by the minesweeper and suffered considerable damage . Although her hull was buckled in on the port side and leaking , she was repaired over the next few months and returned to duty , although not until after the end of World War I . Disposal and later career . " Satilla " steamed to Boston , Massachusetts , on 19 September 1919 , where she was placed in the custody of the Commandant , 1st Naval District . Stricken from the Navy List on 7 November 1919 , " Satilla " was sold on 25 March 1920 to Oscar L . Ledberg of Providence , Rhode Island . Ledberg renamed her " Edith " , and used her as a yacht until 1927 , when he sold her to Captain William Baletti of Hoboken , New Jersey . Baletti employed her thereafter as a fishing boat .
ČZW - 556 The ČZW - 556 is an assault rifle of Czech origin . It is chambered in the 5 . 56x45mm NATO round and uses lever delayed blowback operation , previously used on the LCZ - B20 platform and the 2B - A - 40 / TKB - 517 assault rifles . The lever - delayed blowback operation of the ČZW - 556 increases accuracy , controllability , reliability and ease of maintenance of the weapon over gas - operation .
Thomas Arbuthnot Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot , KCB ( 11 September 1776 – 26 January 1849 ) was a British Army commander . Military career . He was born in Rockfleet Castle , County Mayo , Ireland , the sixth son of John Arbuthnot , Sr of Rockfleet . He entered the British Army in 1794 , as an ensign in the 29th Regiment of Foot . After serving in that and other regiments , he joined the staff corps under Sir John Moore in 1803 . He subsequently served as quartermaster - general at the Cape of Good Hope , whence , in 1808 , he joined the army in the Iberian Peninsula . He was assistant quartermaster - general to General Picton ' s division during the greater part of the Peninsular War . He was twice wounded , once in the West Indies and again in one of the latest actions in the Peninsula . He was appointed an aide - de - camp to the Prince Regent in 1814 , and a K . C . B . in 1815 . Promoted major - general in 1825 , he was sent next year to Portugal in command of a brigade . He afterwards commanded a district in Ireland , and having attained the rank of lieutenant - general in 1838 , was appointed , in 1842 , to the command of the Northern and Midland Districts in England , which command he retained until his death . He died unmarried at his residence in The Crescent , Salford . Family . He was brother of General Sir Robert Arbuthnot , KCB and Charles Arbuthnot and bishop Alexander Arbuthnot . He was uncle of Sir Alexander John Arbuthnot , Major General George Bingham Arbuthnot and Lieutenant General Sir Charles George Arbuthnot .
Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane ( died 1979 ) was a Chadian warlord active during the civil war . His early life is very undocumented , and his date of birth is unknown . A semi - literate Muslim Kanembu , he originally belonged to Goukouni Oueddei ' s People ' s Armed Forces ( FAP ) . A member of the FAP ' s Comité Militaire Interarmées Provisoire ( CMIAP ) , he was expelled in 1977 from the organization for having protested against the neglect of his area , Kanem . Aboubakar formed the Third Liberation Army of the FROLINAT , later called Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad ( MPLT ) in January 1978 . It was a small militia composed mostly of Kanembu and active around Lake Chad . It early became Nigeria ' s chief agent in the country , and also for this Aboubakar as head of the MPLT was one of the four Chadian leaders invited at the Kano peace conference in Nigeria in March 1979 . Aboubakar played here an important role , being the only Chadian leader to advocate the withdrawal of French troops from Chad , a key aspect of the following Kano Accord , as the proclaimed necessity of an " African solution " ( i . e . Nigerian ) . A government of national unity was created , and Aboubakar became Interior Minister . A month later , through Nigerian help he even obtained an associate of his , Lol Mahamat Choua , to be made president of the Transitional Government of National Unity ( GUNT ) . Some time after this Aboubakar died , and the importance of the MPLT waned , also through the new Lagos Accord .
USS Ranger ( 1814 ) USS " Ranger " was an armed schooner that served in the U . S . Navy from 1814 to 1816 . " Ranger " , probably a former privateer , was purchased in Baltimore , Maryland , in March 1814 . She was used as a lookout vessel in Chesapeake Bay during the War of 1812 . She was sold in Baltimore in 1816 .
Ovila Cayer Ovila " Frenchy " Cayer ( February 9 , 1844 – February 7 , 1909 ) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Battle of Globe Tavern . Biography . Born in Saint - Rémi , Canada East ( present - day Quebec ) , Cayer immigrated to the United States , where he was known by the nickname " Frenchy " . By the time of his enlistment in the U . S . Army in August 1861 , his only surviving family was a brother living in New York . During the war , he served as a sergeant in Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment . At the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862 , he was captured but later was released and rejoined his unit . On the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg , July 2 , 1863 , when his company was devastated by a Confederate cavalry attack , Cayer picked up a flag from a dead color bearer and rallied the troops . He was wounded in May of the next year at the Battle of the Wilderness . On August 19 , 1864 , Cayer participated in the Battle of Globe Tavern near Petersburg , Virginia . After assaulting and capturing a railroad junction used by the Confederates to supply the besieged city of Petersburg , his unit prepared for an expected counterattack . When the attack came , all of the officers in Company A were killed or wounded . Cayer took command of the company and led it in the successful defense of their position . For these actions , he was awarded the Medal of Honor three years later , on February 15 , 1867 . His official Medal of Honor citation reads simply : " Commanded the regiment , all the officers being disabled . " Cayer remained in the Army for two years after the end of the war until being discharged in Arizona in 1867 . He traveled to northern California , first living in San Francisco , and then working as a farmer in Alameda County and later Stanislaus County . He eventually settled in Salinas , where he was a foreman at Spence Ranch ( later owned by Spreckels Sugar Company ) and operated a cigar store . He was active in many civic and fraternal organizations in Salinas , including the Freemasons . Admitted to Jim Bardin Hospital with intestinal trouble in February 1909 , Cayer seemed to be making a recovery until his sudden death on February 7 . He was buried at Garden of Memories Memorial Park in Salinas . On September 22 , 2005 , his grave marker was modified to add the words " Medal of Honor " ; the headstone had previously made no mention of his military service .
Bernard Forbes , 8th Earl of Granard Bernard Arthur William Patrick Hastings Forbes , 8th Earl of Granard KP , GCVO , PC ( 17 September 1874 – 10 September 1948 ) , styled Viscount Forbes from 1874 to 1889 , was an Anglo - Irish soldier and Liberal politician . Background . Granard was the son of George Forbes , 7th Earl of Granard , and the Honourable Mary Frances Petre , daughter of William Petre , 12th Baron Petre . He succeeded as eighth Earl of Granard on the death of his father in 1889 , aged only 14 . Political career . In 1895 Granard was able to take his seat in the House of Lords in right of his junior title of Baron Granard , which was in the Peerage of the United Kingdom ( all his other titles were in the Peerage of Ireland ) . When the Liberals came to power in 1905 under Sir Henry Campbell - Bannerman , Granard was appointed a Lord - in - Waiting to King Edward VII ( government whip in the House of Lords ) and Assistant Postmaster - General , posts he held until 1907 and 1909 respectively . In 1907 he was admitted to the Privy Council and appointed Master of the Horse , an office he retained until 1915 . Grandard was also involved in Irish politics . He was a member of the Irish Food Convention , Food Controller for Ireland in 1918 , in which year he was also admitted to the Irish Privy Council . He was a member of the short - lived Senate of Southern Ireland in 1921 and of the Senate of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1934 . He was again Master of the Horse between February 1924 and 1936 , but by this time this post had ceased being a political office . Granard also served as Vice - Admiral of Connaught , Lord Lieutenant of Longford . He was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick in 1909 . Military . In 1896 , Granard was commissioned into the 3rd ( Militia ) Battalion , Gordon Highlanders . In 1899 he transferred to the Scots Guards . He was promoted Lieutenant in 1901 and Captain in 1905 . He served in the Boer War from 1900 to 1902 . In 1908 he was appointed Lieutenant - Colonel in the Post Office Rifles . He resigned his commissions in the Post Office Rifles in 1910 and the Scots Guards in 1911 . In 1916 he was recalled to command the 5th Battalion , Royal Irish Regiment . He was later Military Secretary to the Commander - in - Chief of the Salonika Forces from 1917 . Apart from his political and military career , Granard was also on the board of Arsenal Football Club , and was club chairman from 1936 to 1939 . Family . Lord Granard married Beatrice Mills , daughter of the wealthy American businessman Ogden Mills from Staatsburg , New York , in 1909 . She was the twin sister of Gladys Mills Phipps . Her brother , Ogden L . Mills , was the 50th United States Secretary of the Treasury . They had four children , including Eileen Beatrice , the wife of the 5th Marquess of Bute . Lord Granard died in September 1948 , aged 73 , and was succeeded by his eldest son Arthur . Apart from his seat at Castleforbes , Newtownforbes , county Longford , Ireland , Lord Granard had a London residence at Forbes House , Halkin Street , and a residence at 73 Rue de Varenne , Paris .