naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 525 Squadron RAF No . 525 Squadron was a Royal Air Force transport aircraft squadron that operated during the Second World War . History . The squadron was formed on 1 September 1943 at RAF Weston Zoyland to operate the Vickers Warwick in the transport role . It first operated on the routes from England to Gibraltar and North Africa , but the Warwick was not the best aircraft for the role and it was withdrawn in 1944 . The Warwick was replaced with the Douglas Dakota and one example of the Mark III transport version of the former four - engined heavy bomber , the Short Stirling . The squadron soon operated on routes throughout Europe and also became mainly manned by Canadian personnel . By the end of the war it was mainly operating routes to India . The Canadians withdrew at the end of the war , but the squadron continued with trooping flights . On 1 December 1946 the squadron was disbanded at RAF Abingdon , when it was re - numbered to 238 Squadron .
David Coke The Honourable David Arthur Coke , ( ; 1915 – 1941 ) was a Flight Lieutenant in the Royal Air Force Reserve during the Second World War , and is considered a flying ace , being credited with 2 destroyed , 2 probables and 2 damaged . He was known in popular culture for his friendship with the author Roald Dahl whilst serving in the Royal Air Force . Background . The second son of Thomas Coke , 4th Earl of Leicester and Marion Gertrude Trefusis , he was godson of King Edward VIII . He was a graduate of Trinity College , Cambridge , World War II . Coke joined the RAFVR in June 1939 and attended 5 OTU in April 1940 . Coke was promoted to the rank of Acting Pilot Officer on 3 September 1940 . By August 1940 he flew a Hawker Hurricane with No . 257 Squadron RAF during the Battle of Britain as a Pilot Officer . He was involved in an incident on 12 August 1940 when his Hurricane ( P3776 ) was badly shot up over the Channel off Portsmouth . His finger was amputated and the aircraft was repaired and used again . Posted to 46 Squadron in December 1940 , Coke then was then promoted to the rank of Flying Officer , He went on to fight in the Balkans Campaign with No . 33 Squadron and the Syrian campaign with No . 80 Squadron RAF . During this period , he became great friends with famed author Roald Dahl , as detailed in Dahl ' s autobiography " Going Solo " . While serving in Libya , Coke was awarded the DFC for his work in an attack on enemy transport and for his leadership as a Flight Lieutenant Flight Lieutenant The Hon . David Arthur COKE ( 73042 ) , Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve , No . 80 Squadron ( since missing ) . < br > This officer participated in an attack on enemy transport on the El - Adem - Acroma road one day in November , 1941 , in which a large number of vehicles , tanks and mechanised transport were bombed and machine - gunned . The damage inflicted played a very large part in the blocking of the road . By his skill and leadership , Flight Lieutenant Coke contributed materially to the success achieved . In addition to the low flying machine - gunning operations which have been carried out , Flight Lieutenant Coke has led the squadron with great success in air combat . During an engagement 2 days later , the squadron shared in the destruction of 5 Messerschmitt 109 ' s . He was killed in action by enemy Bf 109s in Acroma , Cyrenaica , Africa on Tuesday 9 December 1941 , aged 26 , and buried at Knightsbridge War Cemetery , Acroma , Libya ( Ref . B . A . 3 . B . 18 ) .
HMS Matapan ( D43 ) HMS " Matapan " ( D43 ) was a later or 1943 Battle - class fleet destroyer of the Royal Navy ( RN ) . She was named after the Battle of Cape Matapan between the Royal Navy and the Regia Marina , and which ended in a decisive victory for the RN force , resulting in the destruction of three cruisers and two destroyers of the Italian Navy and was a heavy blow to the Italians , coming only months after their battleship fleet had been mortally wounded at Taranto . So far , she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear that name . " Matapan " was built by John Brown & Company . She was launched on 30 April 1945 and commissioned on 5 September 1947 . She was placed in Reserve just before she commissioned and would remain in such a state for a lengthy period of time , yet in the process she outlived all her sister - ships in Royal Navy service . In 1970 , " Matapan " was towed to Portsmouth where she began her conversion to a Sonar Trials Ship that resulted in her appearance becoming radically different from when she was launched in 1945 . In 1973 , upon her conversion being completed , " Matapan " entered active service for the very first time , joining the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment ( AUWE ) , based in Portland . It was to be quite a short career for " Matapan " , when after a variety of sonar trials , which included co - operation with foreign navies , " Matapan " was decommissioned in 1978 . She was broken up the following year at Blyth in Northumberland .
B Battery Royal Horse Artillery B Battery , Royal Horse Artillery is a Close Support Battery of 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery . It is currently based in Assaye Barracks in Tidworth Current Role . Battery Structure and Equipment . B Battery has four troops named after famous battles they participated in : History . Formation . On 1 February 1793 , Napoleon declared war on England . On the same day King George III formed by Royal Warrant . A Troop ( now The Chestnut Troop ) and B Troop ( now B Bty ) were formed at Woolwich and equipped with 4 x 6 Pounder smooth bore muzzle loading guns Recent and current conflicts . Persian Gulf War . The Battery went into suspended animation , as 1 RHA provided augmentees to 40 Regt RA . A composite Battery called A / B / E Battery RHA was formed from the remainder of the Regiment , converted to the M109 self - propelled gun in readiness for deployment as Battle Casualty Replacements ( BCRs ) , but did not deploy . On its return from the Persian Gulf , B Battery was reformed and moved to Assaye Barracks in Tidworth , where it is still located and equipped with the AS - 90 self - propelled gun . References . Richard Doherty : Ubique
62d Fighter Wing The 62d Fighter Wing ( 62 FW ) is a disbanded unit of the United States Air Force , last stationed at Van Nuys Airport , Van Nuys , California . It was withdrawn from the California Air National Guard ( CA ANG ) and inactivated on 31 October 1950 . This wing is not related to the 62d Troop Carrier Wing or subsequent units that was constituted on 28 July 1947 and activated on 15 August 1947 . History . World War II . Formed at Mitchel Field , New York in December 1942 . Departed New York 13 January 1943 via Brooklyn Port of Embarkation . Arrived Casablanca , French Morocco on 30 January 1943 and assigned to Twelfth Air Force . Primary mission was fighter escort ; air defense using night fighter units ; harbor protection ; homing of lost aircraft and air - sea rescue . Inactivated in Italy in September 1945 . Air National Guard . Allocated to the California Air National Guard for command and control origination for units in the Southwest Region ( Southern California , Arizona ) of the United States . Extended federal recognition and activated on 14 September 1950 . At the end of October 1950 , the Air National Guard converted to the wing - base Hobson Plan organization . As a result , the wing was withdrawn from the California ANG and was inactivated on 31 October 1950 . The 146th Composite Wing was established by the National Guard Bureau , allocated to the state of California , recognized and activated 1 November 1950 ; assuming the personnel , equipment and mission of the inactivated 62d Fighter Wing .
Fort Colville The trade center Fort Colville ( also Fort Colvile ) was built by the Hudson ' s Bay Company at Kettle Falls on the Columbia River , a few miles west of the present site of Colville , Washington in 1825 , to replace Spokane House as a regional trading center , as the latter was deemed to be too far from the Columbia River . Named for Andrew Colville , a London governor of the Hudson ' s Bay Company , it was part of the Columbia fur district of the HBC , and was an important stop on the York Factory Express trade route to London via Hudson Bay . Fort Colville was considered second in importance only to Fort Vancouver , near the mouth of the Columbia . At that time , Oregon Country was under joint British - U . S . occupation under the Treaty of 1818 . The Oregon Treaty of 1846 , ended the Oregon dispute and placed Fort Colville south of the new boundary at the 49th Parallel . The Hudson ' s Bay Company then founded Fort Shepherd , just north of the new boundary , as a surrogate location secure on British territory ; although operations at Fort Colville continued for a few years longer . In 1859 the Palliser Expedition reunited in Fort Collville and then proceeded down the Columbia River , after having explored much of what is now western Canada , from the Great Lake s to Lake Okanagan . During the gold rushes of the 1850s and 1860s it became an important centre for mining activity and supplies . Abandoned in 1870 , some buildings stood until they burned in 1910 . The construction of Grand Coulee Dam flooded the site along with Kettle Falls in 1940 . Lake Roosevelt was drawn down for construction of Grand Coulee Dam ' s Powerhouse # 3 in the late 1960s and early 70 ' s , revealing the Falls and the site of old Fort Colville , where archeological work was performed by Washington State University and the University of Idaho . Though it has been inundated by Lake Roosevelt , in 1974 Fort Colville was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
Battle of Lamacs The Battle of Lamacs was the last battle fought in the Austro - Prussian War , on 22 July 1866 ( on the day of the conclusion of peace ) , with the Austrians defending against the Prussian army . Overview . Prussian scout patrols were in Malacka on 19 July 1866 , and in two days the Prussian army occupied Stomfa . At that time it was evident , that a cease fire would soon be negotiated , and so the Prussian General Eduard von Fransecky received the command to occupy Pressburg ( Pozsony , today Bratislava ) . The road from Stomfa to Pressburg ran through a valley in the Little Carpathians . High mountains rise alongside the road at this point , making it an easily defensible point . The commander of the Austrian troops in Pressburg Archduke Albrecht had located one brigade there under the command of Colonel Mondela on 18 July . Colonel Mondela placed the right wing of the brigade between Hrubý Pleš and Leskara and to the railway embankment , which protected the greater part of Mondela ' s brigade . The left wing was on the eastern and northeastern hillsides of Devínska Kobyla . The Austrian artillery was located near Lamač and Pozsonyhidegkút , from which point it was able to control the road from Stomfa to Pressburg . The brigade was reinforced on 19 – 21 July by the arrival of the 9th Austrian mountain regiment . On Sunday , the morning of 22 July , the Prussian army began to attack on Lamacs . The second part , under the command of Major - General Bose , moved ahead through over Kamzík hill to surround the Austrian defence and occupy Pozsony . About half past six , the first shot was fired from the Austrian cannon . Prussian forces were warded off and around 8 o ' clock they got General Eduard von Fransecky ' s message : a cease fire was in effect and would take effect at 12 o ' clock , only than five hours later . The Prussian General had mounted a large number of artillery pieces , so an artillery duel had already begun . The result was large fires in Lamač and Dubravka . The Prussian forces were warded off , despite their superior numbers . The battle ' s success depended on a flanking manoeuvre of Major - General Bose . The brigade moved slowly over the difficult terrain and the ceasefire was already in effect when they arrived at Kamzík . By the setting of a line of demarcation , which overshot by Pozsonybeszterce ( today Záhorská Bystrica ) , the Austro - Prussian war terminated the fights for domination over Germany and central Europe .
John Armstrong ( Carolina ) John Armstrong ( 1735 – c . 1784 ) was an American soldier and land speculator from Surry County , North Carolina . During the American Revolutionary War he led units of the Surry County militia , advancing to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel . He was in command of the 2nd North Carolina regiment at the Battle of Eutaw Springs in September 1781 . After the war he became a land registrar for North Carolina and was active in converting war service patent rights into land grants . He originated the survey and plat layout that became the town of Clarksville , Tennessee .
Richard A . Knobloch Richard A . Knobloch ( May 27 , 1918 – August 13 , 2001 ) was a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force . Biography . Knobloch was born in West Allis , Wisconsin in 1918 . Later he would move to Milwaukee , Wisconsin . He attended the University of Wisconsin and $ 3 . Knobloch died on August 13 , 2001 . Career . Knobloch joined the United States Army in 1940 . During World War II he participated in the Doolittle Raid . Following the war he was assigned to the Ninth Air Force and became Vice Commander of the 363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing . In 1960 he entered the Industrial College of the Armed Forces . Later assignments include serving as Deputy Chief of Staff of Plans of Pacific Air Forces . His retirement was effective as of February 1 , 1970 . Awards he received include the Distinguished Service Cross , the Legion of Merit , the Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster , the Air Medal , and the Air Force Commendation Medal . His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads : " The President of the United States of America , authorized by Act of Congress , July 2 , 1926 , takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to First Lieutenant ( Air Corps ) Richard A . Knobloch , United States Army Air Forces , for extraordinary achievement as Co - Pilot of a B - 24 Bomber of the 1st Special Aviation Project ( Doolittle Raider Force ) , while participating in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland on 18 April 1942 . Lieutenant Knobloch with 79 other officers and enlisted men volunteered for this mission knowing full well that the chances of survival were extremely remote , and executed his part in it with great skill and daring . This achievement reflects high credit on himself and the military service . "
353d Bombardment Squadron The 353d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 301st Bombardment Wing , stationed at Lockbourne Air Force Base , Ohio . It was inactivated on 8 June 1964 . History . Established as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment squadron in early 1942 ; trained under Second Air Force . Flew antisubmarine patrols off the California coast from , late May - early June 1942 , then over the Mid - Adlantic coast during June – July 1942 . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in August 1942 , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command , one of the first B - 17 heavy bomb squadrons assigned to England . Engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe attacking enemy military and industrial targets . Reassigned to Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) as part of Operation Torch invasion of North Africa . Assigned to Twelfth Air Force and operated from desert airfields in Algeria and Tunisia during North African and Tunisian campaign . Assigned to Northwest African Strategic Air Force during Invasion of Sicily and later Italy in 1943 . Allocated to Fifteenth Air Force for strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe . Attacked enemy targets primarily in the Balkans ; Southern France ; Southern Germany and Austria from southern Italy ; engaged in shuttle bombing missions to airfields in the Soviet Union during the summer of 1944 . Personnel largely demobilized after German capitulation in May 1945 ; squadron reassigned to the United States and was programmed for conversion to B - 29 Superfortress operations and deployment to Pacific Theater , plans canceled after Japanese capitulation in August 1945 . Aircraft sent to storage and unit inactivated largely as a paper unit in October 1945 . Reactivated in 1946 as a Strategic Air Command B - 29 strategic bombardment squadron . Deployed to Furstenfeldbruck AB , Germany , July – August 1948 ; to RAF Station Scrampton , England , October 1948 - January 1949 ; and to RAF Stations Lakenheath and Sculthorpe , May – November 1950 for " show of force " missions in Europe as a result of the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union and rising Cold War tensions in Europe . Squadron deployed to Far East Air Forces in February 1951 , flying combat missions over North Korea ; attacking strategic industrial and military targets during the Korean War . Returned to the United States in June 1952 , being equipped with YRB - 47B Stratojet long - range reconnaissance aircraft . Used for strategic reconnaissance missions until 1953 when production RB - 47E aircraft received . Flew reconnaissance missions on a worldwide basis . Operations of unit still classified ; suspected that squadron deployed frequently to Thule AB , Greenland and flew missions deep into the heart of the Soviet Union , taking a photographic and radar recording of the routes attacking SAC B - 52 bombers would follow to reach their targets . Inactivated in 1964 with phaseout of the B - 47 from the inventory .
Ernst David ( soldier ) Ernst David ( 8 July 1920 – 11 August 1943 ) was a highly decorated Obergefreiter in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Ernst David was killed on 11 August 1943 in Samoshje , Russia . He was posthumously awarded the Knight ' s Cross on 16 August 1943 .
Richard Fiedler Richard Fiedler was a German scientist who invented the modern flamethrower . This is a weapon that projects a stream of ignited liquid , usually oil . He submitted evaluation models of his Flammenwerfer to the German army in 1901 . The most significant model submitted was a man - portable device , consisting of a vertical single cylinder 4 feet ( 1 . 2 m ) long , horizontally divided in two , with pressurized gas in the lower section and flammable oil in the upper section . On depressing a lever the propellant gas forced the flammable oil into and through a rubber tube and over a simple igniting wick device in a steel nozzle . The weapon projected a jet of fire and enormous clouds of smoke some 20 yards ( 18 m ) . It was a single - shot weapon - for burst firing , a new igniter section was attached each time it was used for battle or other uses of any sorts . It was first used in the western front . It was used extensively in WWII by both Allied and Axis troops .
USS Bracken ( APA - 64 ) USS " Bracken " ( APA - 64 ) was a that served with the US Navy during World War II . " Bracken " was named after a county in Kentucky . She was launched 10 June 1944 by the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Wilmington , California , under a Maritime Commission contract ; acquired from the Maritime Commission 3 October 1944 , and commissioned 4 October 1944 , Lieutenant Commander C . S . Lee USNR , in command . Operational history . World War II . Between 28 October 1944 and 31 March 1945 " Bracken " operated off the coast of southern California as a training ship for the crews of 22 subsequent ships of her class . During May 1945 " Bracken " took aboard passengers and cargo and proceeded to Pearl Harbor . On 3 July 1945 , " Bracken " loaded a full crew of replacement troops and proceeded to sail to the Marshall Islands , the Caroline Islands , and Okinawa . After hostilities . Departing Pearl Harbor she called at Midway , Hilo , Eniwetok , Ulithi , Okinawa , Saipan , Leyte , Samar , and Cebu taking aboard occupation troops for transportation to Yokohama , Japan , where she arrived 8 September 1945 . " Bracken " then joined Operation Magic Carpet , which was tasked with transporting returning servicemen from the Far East to the United States . Operation Crossroads . " Bracken " remained on this duty until February 1946 , when she commenced preparation as a target ship for Operation Crossroads , the atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll . She survived the atomic test and was maintained for radiological and structural studies until 10 March 1948 when she was towed to the open sea off Kwajalein and sunk .
SS Yoshida Maru The was a Japan ese cargo ship owned by Nippon Yusen Kaisha . The ship was built in 1941 by Hakodate Dock at Hakodate on the northern island of Hokkaidō . History . The " Yoshida Maru No . 1 " was built at Hakodate ; and she left port in August 1941 on her maiden voyage . The 2 , 921 - ton vessel had a length of 310 feet ( 93 m ) , and her beam was 45 feet ( 13 . 8 m ) . The single turbine , single screw propulsion produced an average speed of . Pacific War . " Yoshida Maru No . 1 " was requisitioned as a transport ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy . In April 1944 , she departed Shanghai as part of the Take Ichi convoy carrying a full Japanese regiment of the 32nd Infantry Division . On April 26 , 1944 she was spotted and sunk by the submarine " USS Jack " . There were no survivors from the 2 , 586 soldiers , 81 ship ' s crew , and 2 armed guards aboard at the time of sinking .
118th Air Support Operations Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 118th Air Support Operations Squadron ( 118 ASOS ) is a combat support unit located in Badin , North Carolina . The 118th ASOS provides Tactical Command and Control of air power assets to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations . History . The 118th Air Support Operations Squadron ( ASOS ) at the Stanly County Airport was originally formed as the 118th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron , of Charlotte , North Carolina . The Detachment of the squadron that would become the 118th ASOS was initially formed in Wadesboro , North Carolina and designated Detachment A . While designated the 118th ACWS the unit was ordered to active duty during the Korean War with three squadrons of the Georgia Air National Guard on January 8 , 1951 . On January 2 , 1952 the 118th ACWS arrived in French Morocco , North Africa , and set up operations about from the city of Casablanca . Unit personnel calibrated numerous early warning radar sites for the Strategic Air Command in the Sahara , and in the Atlas mountains in Morocco . From October 8 , 1952 until 1999 the unit functioned as a separate state of the art Communications Squadron . In 1999 the Air Force realizing a shortfall , chose to re - role the 118th Combat Communications Squadron into the 118th Air Support Operations Squadron . With this new mission the unit has gone from a front line communications unit to a unit in direct support of the Army war fighter . The 118th ASOS currently is tasked with supporting both the North and South Carolina Army National Guard units .