naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Tuima - class missile boat The Tuima class missile boat was a class of fast attack craft in use by the Finnish Navy . The vessels were constructed in the Soviet Union and purchased by the Finnish Navy between 1974 and 1975 . The vessels were similar to the Soviet Project 205U " Tsunami " class missile boats , known in the west as Osa II . All of the vessels were later modified into fast minelayer s at Aker Finnyards when their armament became obsolete . The modification work took place between 1993 and 1994 at the Uusikaupunki yards . " Tuima " and " Tuuli " had their missiles removed and the superstructure was modified . Mine rails and mine loading equipment were installed and the weapons guidance systems were modernized . " Tuisku " and " Tyrsky " were also modernized into fast minelayers , but less extensively , removing their missile weapons , and installing mine rails . The Tuima class vessels belonged to the 5th Minewarfare Squadron based at Upinniemi . The vessels of the class were decommissioned by 2000 . The Tuima class had three 56 - cylinder radial diesel engines , each one producing 3 500 kW . The middle engine and propeller shaft of " Tuima " and " Tuuli " were removed during the modernization to make space for the mine laying equipment . This lowered the top - speed by 7 knots . The class was known amongst the Finnish Navy conscript s as " Tuska " ( Agony ) class or " Moskvich " after a Russian car brand of that name . They were not considered as pleasant places to serve because of their poor ergonomy . After decommissioning , the vessels were moored at Loviisa , and it was planned that one was to be transferred to the new Maritime Museum in Kotka . However , in October 2006 , the Finnish Ministry of Defence stated that all four were to be sold to Egypt where they were refitted and taken into active service .
Westland Weasel The Westland Weasel was a prototype British two - seat fighter / reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War . Designed to replace the Bristol Fighter , the Weasel was a single engined tractor biplane . Four prototypes were built , but no production followed owing to the failure of its original engine , although the prototypes were used as engine test beds for the successful Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar and Bristol Jupiter engines . Development and design . The Westland Weasel was designed by Westland Aircraft of Yeovil to meet the Royal Air Force ' s Type IIIA Specification for a two seat fighter / reconnaissance aircraft to replace the successful Bristol Fighter . An order for three prototypes was placed in April 1918 , together with orders for competing designs from Bristol ( the Badger and Austin Motors ( the Greyhound ) . The Weasel was a two - bay biplane of wood and fabric construction , with the pilot and observer / gunner seated close together in separate cockpits , with the upper wing above the pilot being cut away to improve the upwards view . Armament was similar to the Bristol Fighter , with two synchronised Vickers gun s and one or two Lewis gun s for the observer . Like the other two competitors , the Weasel was powered by the officially encouraged ABC Dragonfly 9 - cylinder air - cooled radial engine . The first prototype , although largely complete by the end of June , had to wait for delivery of an engine , and did not fly until late November 1918 , after the Armistice ended World War I . As with the many other British aircraft projects of 1918 , use of the Dragonfly engine proved a disaster , with the engine not only being underpowered and overweight , but more seriously , plagued with rapid overheating and severe vibration . These problems were unsolvable , and although the Weasel had slightly better performance than the Bristol and Austin designs , the failure of the Dragonfly and the lack of urgent need to replace the excellent Bristol Fighter meant that large scale orders did not follow . Despite this , an order was placed for a fourth prototype to serve as an engine testbed . The first and third prototypes were fitted with the Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar radial , while the second and fourth aircraft were fitted with the Bristol Jupiter engine . These aircraft proved valuable testbeds , with the last Weasel remaining in use until May 1925 .
24 - class sloop The 24 class was a class of minesweeping sloops . Derived from the preceding , but designed to appear double - ended . Twenty - four ships to this design ( hence the class name ) were ordered between December 1916 and April 1917 under the Emergency War Programme for the Royal Navy in World War I , although two of them were cancelled before launch . All were named after famous racehorses ( winners of the Epsom Derby ) , but they were not named " Racehorse " class as the Admiralty realised that this could easily be confused in communications with the of paddle minesweepers , and they officially became the 24 class . Like the Flower - class sloops , they were single - screw fleet sweeping sloops used almost entirely for minesweeping , although only ten were completed by the Armistice in 1918 . However , they had identical deckhouses and gun shields at either end of the vessel , with straight stems and sterns . Furthermore four of those completed had the single mast aft of the centrally - located funnel , and the rest had the mast forward of the funnel .
Daring - class destroyer ( 1893 ) Two " Daring " - class destroyers were the very first torpedo boat destroyers ( " TBDs " ) to be ordered for the Royal Navy , the order being placed on 27 June 1892 . Background . The invention of the self - propelled torpedo by Robert Whitehead and Austrian Navy Captain Giovanni Luppis in 1866 , combined with the introduction of small fast torpedo boat s ( invented by John Ericsson in the late 19th century ) posed a threat to battleship s : large numbers of torpedo boats could overwhelm a battleship ' s defences and sink it , or distract the battleship and make it vulnerable to opposing capital ships . Torpedo boats proved devastatingly effective in the 1891 Chilean Civil War . The defence against torpedo boats was clear : small warships accompanying the fleet that could screen and protect it from attack by torpedo boats . Several European navies developed vessels variously known as torpedo boat " catchers " , " hunters " and " destroyers " , while the Royal Navy itself operated torpedo gunboat s . However , the early designs lacked the range and speed to keep up with the fleet they were supposed to protect . In 1892 , the Third Sea Lord , Rear Admiral Jackie Fisher ordered the development of a new type of ships equipped with the then novel water - tube boilers and quick - firing small calibre guns . Orders . Six ships to the specifications circulated by the Admiralty were ordered initially , comprising three different designs each produced by a different shipbuilder : Design . These boats all featured a turtleback ( i . e . rounded ) forecastle that was characteristic of early British TBDs . All six of them were removed from service and disposed of by the end of 1912 , and thus were not affected by the Admiralty decision in 1913 to group all the surviving 27 - knot and 30 - knot destroyers ( which had followed on these six 26 - knot vessels ) into four heterogeneous classes , labelled " A " , " B " , " C " and " D " classes .
Unit 9420 Unit 9420 was the central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group of the Imperial Japanese Army . Formed in 1942 to support the Japanese Southern Army , Unit 9420 consisted of two units ; the Umeoka Unit , which specialized in the plague , and the Kono Unit , which specialized in malaria . Most of its work involved preventing the spread of disease in Singapore . Commanded by Major General Kitagawa Masataka , the unit was headquartered in the Permai Hospital in Tampoi , Johor , near the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , 13 km northeast of Johor Bahru and Singapore , with some evidence that it also had sub - units operating in Thailand and working on unknown diseases . Coupled to its work on the plague , the unit was also responsible for rat catching . Singapore was also an important biological weapons base . A BW laboratory was established there within days of the Japanese conquest . It became one of the largest of the BW installations outside the China mainland . Initially , Unit 9420 ( the numerical designation for the BW unit ) was under the command of Hareyama Yoshio , but in 1942 , Lieutenant Colonel Naito Ryoichi , one of Ishii ’ s most trusted colleagues , assumed control of the facility for several years . It was staffed with approximately 150 physicians and scientists , and produced huge quantities of pathogens annually . Naito and his staff worked primarily with typhus , plague , and pesticides . It is unknown whether Singapore was a BW research facility , or whether it was simply a laboratory employed to produce pathogens for use elsewhere .
Battle drill An Infantry battle drill describes how platoons and squads apply fire and maneuver to commonly encountered situations . They require leaders to make decisions rapidly and to issue brief oral orders quickly . " Battle Drill " , according to the manual " Fieldcraft and Battle Drill " , means the reduction of military tactics to bare essentials which are taught to a platoon as a team drill , with clear explanations regarding the objects to be achieved , the principles involved and the individual task of each member of the team . The Ranger Handbook defines a battle drill as " A collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision - making process " . In modern US Military doctrine there are 8 battle drills .
86th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 86th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was originally formed from regular army battalions serving away from home in the British Empire . It was assigned to the 29th Division and served on the Western Front and the Gallipoli Campaign and in Egypt during the First World War .
Willford Hyman Lieutenant Commander Willford Milton Hyman ( 16 August 1901 – 7 May 1942 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War II . Born in Pueblo , Colorado , Hyman graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1924 . He first served in battleship , and in the years before World War II , was assigned to many ships and a variety of shore stations , including the Office of Naval Operations . He assumed command of destroyer 6 October 1941 . After convoy escort duty in the Atlantic , " Sims " moved to the Pacific in early 1942 . In May , as the Japan ese attempted to extend their conquest to Port Moresby , the ship was operating with oiler in a fueling group for Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher ' s aircraft carrier s . While the carrier fleets maneuvered for position , Japanese planes found " Neosho " and " Sims " in the Coral Sea ; and , thinking they were carrier and escort , attacked in strength . After Lt . Comdr . Hyman fought his ship through 2 air raids with great skill , 36 Japanese planes attacked the 2 ships . " Sims " took three 500 - lb . bomb hits in this third attack . From the time the first bomb that hit the Sim ' s had exploded to the time she was sunk was a total of 48 seconds , leaving only 13 survivors . The sacrifice of his ship and " Neosho " had much to do with saving the Navy ' s carriers in the widely separated engagements known as the Battle of the Coral Sea . The Japanese blunder in mistaking the Sims for a cruiser and the flat top Neosho as an American carrier , diverted much needed air power and other resources from the Battle of Midway , just a few days away . As the Sims was sinking , with all but the forward 5 " gun submerged , the Sims continued to fire her gun even though the gun crew knew they were about to die . The actions of Commander Hyman and his crew were upholding the finest traditions of the U . S . Navy . Lieutenant Commander Hyman received the Navy Cross for his heroic service . USS " Hyman " ( DD - 732 ) was named for him .
X Corps ( India ) X Corps is a corps of the Indian Army . It is based in Bhatinda and is a part of South Western Command . It was formed around 1976 , and 18th Infantry Division was raised at about the same time . 24th Infantry Division was formed in 1978 . ( Renaldi and Rikhye 2011 , 26 ) X Corps had been raised at Bhatinda to reduce XI Corps ' load , while the new corps took over south Punjab and north Rajasthan . It has two of the army ' s Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Divisions ( RAPIDs ) . It consists of :
Fort du Trou - d ' Enfer The Fort du Trou - d ' Enfer , also known as the Réduit du Trou - d ' Enfer , is one of the fortifications of Paris , It is located in Marly - le - Roi , in the departement of Yvelines . The fort was built between 1878 and 1881 for a garrison of 800 men . It was termed a " réduit " for its position surrounded by several smaller batteries . The fort was occupied by the Germans during World War II , who blew up their ammunition when they evacuated the fort in August 1944 , damaging the fort . The fort is named for the farm on whose land it sits , the " ferme du trou - d ' enfer " , literally " Hellhole Farm . " History . In 1870 France was partly occupied by the Prussian Army . Following this defeat , France put in place the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications to modernize its fortifications and to adjust its defensive strategy to the new borders imposed in 1871 . The portion of the system surrounding Paris amounted to 18 forts , 5 redoubts and 34 batteries constructed between 1874 and 1881 , of which the Fort du Trou d ' Enfer is a part . OAS members Albert Dovecar and Claude Piegts were executed at the Fort du Trou - d ' Enfer in 1962 . The fort is presently assigned to the French National Forests Office and is not open to the public . The ONF operates a pheasant hatchery on the site of the fort for the grounds of the nearby French Presidential retreat . See also . Other fortifications in Yvelines :
USS Zaanland ( ID - 2746 ) USS " Zaanland " ( Id . No . 2746 ) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy in 1918 . SS " Zaanland " was a steel - hulled , single - screw cargo vessel completed in 1900 at Port Glasgow , Scotland , by Russell and Company . The Royal Dutch Lloyd line owned her at the outbreak of World War I . The ship sought security at Hampton Roads , Virginia , lest , at sea , she fall prey to warships of the Royal Navy On 20 March 1918 , " Zaanland " was seized at Newport News , Virginia , by the United States Government under the right of angary , which allowed a belligerent power to use the property of a neutral nation if necessary , subject to full indemnification . She was acquired by the United States Navy for use by the Naval Overseas Transportation Service ( NOTS ) on 25 March 1918 , the cargo ship was assigned the identification number ( Id . No . ) 2746 and commissioned as USS " Zaanland " at Hampton Roads on 29 March 1918 , Lieutenant Commander Daniel Brown , USNRF , in command . " Zaanland " was repaired and fitted out at Newport News , Virginia , by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company , before sailing for the Gulf of Mexico on 4 April . Arriving at New Orleans , Louisiana on 11 April , she simultaneously underwent further repairs and conversion work and loaded of general cargo consigned by the U . S . Army Quartermaster Corps . She departed New Orleans on 20 April and arrived back at Hampton Roads on 25 April . " Zaanland " sailed from Norfolk , Virginia on 30 April , in Convoy HN - 67 , bound for La Pallice , France . During the voyage , in a heavy mist at 20 : 26 on 12 May , she apparently suffered a rudder casualty and was rammed by the tanker . The collision tore a jagged , hole in the cargo ship ' s starboard side , amidships between her bridge and fire room . " Zaanland " soon assumed a heavy list and began to sink by the bow . At 20 : 40 , all hands were called topside as boats were launched . Within an hour , all of " Zaanland " s crew were safely aboard the United States Army - chartered Munson Line cargo ship SS " Munalbro " , which later in 1918 would be commissioned into the U . S . Navy as . Although settling deeper in the water with each passing hour , " Zaanland " remained afloat into the next day . At 04 : 00 on 13 May , Lt . Cdr . Brown reboarded " Zaanland " and inspected the ship . He found that there was no hope of towing the vessel to port and predicted that she probably would sink within a few hours . His observation proved to be correct , for " Zaanland " sank , bow first , at 07 : 10 on 13 May . " Munalbro " — while endeavoring to overtake the convoy — soon met SS " Minnesota " " en route " , and transferred " Zaanland " s crew to the west - bound vessel for passage back to the United States .
Wurfrahmen 40 The Wurfrahmen 40 ( " launch frame 40 " ) was a German World War II multiple rocket launcher . It combined a vehicle such as the SdKfz 251 halftrack or captured ex - French Renault UE Chenillette with rocket artillery to form a more mobile and protected artillery piece than the towed Nebelwerfer . It was nicknamed " Stuka zu Fuss " ( " Stuka on Foot " or " Walking Stuka " ) and " Heulende Kuh " ( " Bellowing Cow " ) . Introduced in late 1940 , the weapon system was a framework with adjustable base plates fitted over and alongside a vehicle which could hold 300 mm high explosive rockets ; 280 mm HE and 320 mm incendiary rockets were also used , the rockets being fired while in their loading crates . Although spin stabilized , the rockets were not as accurate as conventional artillery and reloading was time consuming due to the rocket ' s weight . Rockets were ripple - fired in large numbers where feasible to quickly saturate a target . The Wurfrahmen 40 was successful in service as a support weapon for the mobile Panzer formations , particularly in urban areas . When used on the common mounting , the Sd . Kfz . 251 halftrack , a frame with six base plates were used , with three on each side . The Chenillette UE employed either two per side or four frames on the rear . The Hotchkiss H35 mounting used two per side also . Some captured American M3 halftracks also mounted Wurfrahmen , with four frames at two per side .
Joe M . Nishimoto Private First Class Joe M . Nishimoto ( February 21 , 1919 – November 15 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier . He is best known for receiving the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II . Early life . Nishimoto was born in California to Japan ese immigrant parents . He was a " Nisei " , which means that he was a second generation Japanese - American . He was interned at the Jerome War Relocation Center in Arkansas , Soldier . Nishimoto joined the US Army in October 1943 . Nishimoto volunteered to be part of the all - " Nisei " 100th Infantry Battalion . This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland . For his actions in November 1944 , Nishimoto was awarded the Army ' s second - highest decoration , the Distinguished Service Cross . He was killed in action on November 15 , 1944 . Medal of Honor citation . Nishimoto ' s Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in France in 1944 . Private First Class Nishimoto ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Private First Class Joe M . Nishimoto distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 November 1944 , near La Houssiere , France . After three days of unsuccessful attempts by his company to dislodge the enemy from a strongly defended ridge , Private First Class Nishimoto , as acting squad leader , boldly crawled forward through a heavily mined and booby - trapped area . Spotting a machine gun nest , he hurled a grenade and destroyed the emplacement . Then , circling to the rear of another machine gun position , he fired his submachine gun at point - blank range , killing one gunner and wounding another . Pursuing two enemy riflemen , Private First Class Nishimoto killed one , while the other hastily retreated . Continuing his determined assault , he drove another machine gun crew from its position . The enemy , with their key strong points taken , were forced to withdraw from this sector . Private First Class Nishimoto ' s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him , his unit , and the United States Army .
Donald R . Keith General Donald Raymond Keith ( January 31 , 1927 – September 9 , 2004 ) was an American Army general . He was born in Ludington , Michigan . During World War II , he served in the Army as an enlisted soldier . He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1949 and was commissioned a field artillery 2nd lieutenant . He received his bachelor ' s degree from the Academy and a Master ' s Degree from Columbia University in 1958 , preceding a faculty assignment at West Point . He received an honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from the University of Akron in 1982 . Some of General Keith ' s key duty assignments in his active military service were : General Keith attended the Ground General School , Field Artillery School , Command and General Staff College , Armed Forces Staff College , and Industrial College of the Armed Forces . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal , the Legion of Merit with two Oak Leaf Clusters , the Bronze Star , the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster and numerous foreign awards and service ribbons . He retired from military service on June 28 , 1984 . In retirement he served as Chairman of the United States Field Artillery Association , from 2002 until shortly before his death , and was succeeded by Jack N . Merritt . He died September 9 , 2004 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery .