naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Scotney Castle Scotney Castle is an English country house with formal garden s south - east of Lamberhurst in the valley of the River Bewl in Kent , England . It belongs to the National Trust . The gardens , which are a celebrated example of the Picturesque style , are open to the public . The central feature is the ruins of a medieval , moat ed manor house , Scotney Old Castle , which is on an island on a small lake . The lake is surrounded by sloping , wooded gardens with fine collections of rhododendron s , azalea s and kalmia for spring colour , summer wisteria and rose s , and spectacular autumn colour . At the top of the garden stands a house which was built to replace the Old Castle between 1835 and 1843 . This is known as Scotney New Castle , or simply Scotney Castle , and was designed by Anthony Salvin . It is an early , and unusually restrained , example of Tudor Revival architectural style in 19th century Britain . Following the death of the resident , Elizabeth Hussey , in 2006 , this house was opened to the public for the first time on June 6 , 2007 . History . The earliest record from 1137 gives the owner of the estate as Lambert de Scoteni . Roger Ashburnham is credited with building the castle c . 1378 - 80 . Construction of the castle began as a roughly rectangular fortified house with towers in each corner . The original plan may never have been finished , and by 1558 it is likely only the southern tower remained . In 1580 the south wing was rebuilt in Elizabethan architecture style , and around 1630 the eastern range was rebuilt in three story Inigo Jones style . The Elizabethan wing remained a bailiff ' s residence until 1905 , but the eastern range was partly dismantled on the completion of the new house in 1843 , leaving the ruin as a garden feature . Catholic Recusant owner Thomas Darrell hid Jesuit Father Richard Blount , S . J . in the castle while he administered to Roman Catholics from 1591 to 1598 . Catholicism was then illegal in England , and during the second raid by authorities to arrest the Father he fled over a wall into the moat and escaped . The Darrell family owned the estate for some 350 years . In 1778 Edward Hussey bought the estate and his grandson , also Edward , built the ' new ' Castle to the designs of Anthony Salvin , from sandstone quarried from the slope below . The hollow created was developed into a Quarry Garden and contains a 100 million year old impression of a dinosaur ' s footprint . On Christopher Hussey ' s death in 1970 the estate was left to the National Trust . Several apartments in the castle and on the estate were let out by the Trust , with tenants including Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who rented the Belfry flat for a time during the 1970s and 1980s , when it served as a weekend escape for her from Westminster life . The castle grounds have played host to Shakespeare productions , notably " A Midsummer Night ' s Dream " , with the actors appearing from behind the bushes on cue . Old Scotney Castle was used as the location for the video to the Squeeze song Some Fantastic Place .
William A . McWhorter William A . McWhorter ( December 7 , 1918 – December 5 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . McWhorter joined the Army from his birthplace of Liberty , South Carolina , and by December 5 , 1944 was serving as a private first class in Company M , 126th Infantry Regiment , 32nd Infantry Division . On that day , at Leyte in the Philippines , he smothered the blast of an enemy - thrown explosive with his body , sacrificing himself to protect the man next to him . For this action , he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor nine months later , on September 27 , 1945 . McWhorter , aged 25 at his death , was buried in West View Cemetery , Liberty , South Carolina . Medal of Honor citation . Private First Class McWhorter ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : He displayed gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in operations against the enemy . Pfc . McWhorter , a machine gunner , was emplaced in a defensive position with 1 assistant when the enemy launched a heavy attack . Manning the gun and opening fire , he killed several members of an advancing demolition squad , when 1 of the enemy succeeded in throwing a fused demolition charge in the entrenchment . Without hesitation and with complete disregard for his own safety , Pfc . McWhorter picked up the improvised grenade and deliberately held it close to his body , bending over and turning away from his companion . The charge exploded , killing him instantly , but leaving his assistant unharmed . Pfc . McWhorter ' s outstanding heroism and supreme sacrifice in shielding a comrade reflect the highest traditions of the military service .
Castle Dore Castle Dore is an Iron Age and early mediaeval hill fort ( ringfort ) near Fowey in Cornwall , United Kingdom located at . Description and History . It consists of circular bank and ditch enclosure with a second enclosure nearby thought to have been an animal corral . Excavation between 1936 and 1937 indicated that it was first occupied between the fourth and first centuries BC with the defences been remodelled around 50BC . It was abandoned during the Roman period but supposedly reoccupied in the sixth century AD when a large hall measuring 27m by 12m was built . However , there is no certain evidence for sub - Roman occupation ( the supposedly post - Roman bead and ceramics appear to be of late pre - Roman Iron Age date ) , and the apparently late remains ( a structure ) may as easily represent Roman period occupation . The custom fort really made a big difference in keeping the people safe and to keep out the invaders mainly Romans and others who might have tried to lay siege to the fort . There is however , no evidence that the fort was attacked by ' Romans ' , or that it was even certainly occupied during the conquest period . Dr Ralegh Radford ' s excavations , however , did reveal the traces of a rectangular timber hall consistent with a 5th – 6th century use . This proves it was used in the Dark Ages . In tradition Castle Dore is the seat of the legendary Dark Age King Mark and is featured as such in the film " Tristan & Isolde " . In September 1644 Castle Dore was used by Royalist troops during the Battle of Lostwithiel in the English Civil War .
Donald Dawson Donald S . Dawson ( August 3 , 1908 - December 25 , 2005 ) enjoyed a long career as a Washington , D . C . lawyer but is perhaps best remembered as the presidential aide who marshaled Harry S . Truman ' s crucial whistle - stop tour in the 1948 election campaign . Dawson was perhaps the first modern American political advance man , able to gauge the political climate and provide appropriate advice . Donald Shelton Dawson was born in the small community of El Dorado Springs , Missouri , graduated from the University of Missouri in 1930 and received his law degree from George Washington University in 1938 . He retired from the United States Air Force Reserve as a Major General in 1970 . He died at his home in Bethesda , Maryland aged 97 . His interment was located in Arlington , Virginia ' s Arlington National Cemetery near his wife , Ilona Massey .
Karl Thomas Karl Thomas ( March 17 , 1871 - July 18 , 1900 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Boxer Rebellion who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . Biography . Thomas was born March 17 , 1871 in Germany , and after entering the navy in 1895 he was sent as an Coxswain to China to fight in the Boxer Rebellion . He died July 18 , 1900 and is buried in San Francisco National Cemetery San Francisco , California . His grave can be found in section , NA - 369 . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Coxswain , U . S . Navy . Born : 17 March 1871 , Germany . Accredited to : New York . G . O . No . : 55 , 19 July 1901 . Citation : In action with the relief expedition of the Allied forces in China 13 , 20 , 21 , and 22 June 1900 . During this period and in the presence of the enemy , Thomas distinguished himself by meritorious conduct .
Ablain - Saint - Nazaire Ablain - Saint - Nazaire is a commune in the Pas - de - Calais department in northern France . Geography . A farming village located 8 miles ( 12 km ) north of Arras , on the D57 road . It was rebuilt after being destroyed during World War I . The Saint - Nazaire stream , which passes through the commune , is a small tributary of the river Deûle . History . At the start of World War I , the Battle of Lorette lasted for 12 months , from October 1914 to October 1915 , resulting in high casualties on both sides : 100 , 000 killed and as many wounded . A French national cemetery was built on 13 hectares nearby and comprises 20 , 000 graves , laid out irrespective of rank or military training . General Barbot has a private soldier buried next to him , on his right . In eight ossuaries , around the base of the lantern tower , are the remains of 22 , 970 unidentified soldiers . A portion of the cemetery has been reserved for Muslim soldiers .
Aimé , duc de Clermont - Tonnerre Aimé - Marie - Gaspard , comte de Clermont - Tonnerre ( November 27 , 1779 , Paris – January 8 , 1865 , Glisolles ) was a French general and statesman . Son of Gaspard - Paulin , vicomte de Clermont - Tonnerre and Anne - Marie - Louise Bernard de Boulainvilliers , and grandson of the Marquis de Boulainvilliers , Clermont - Tonnerre lived during the revolution with his grandfather . Life . He entered the École Polytechnique , before entering the army . He participated in the campaigns in Italy , Germany and Spain and was made adjudant of the King of Naples in 1808 , in whose service he stayed afterwards . He married Charlotte de Cauvoisin and in 1814 returned to the French army as a colonel , was Maréchal de Camp and after the second return of the king , was made Peer of France and commander of the cavalry of the guard . Clermont - Tonnerre sided with the moderate conservative party and was named Minister of the Navy and the Colonies in 1820 by Villèle . In 1823 , he became Minister of War and assiduously reorganized the army . Clermont - Tonnerre sent Hyacinthe de Bougainville around the world from 1824 to 1826 onboard " Thétis " and " Espérance " . In 1827 , he organized the Algerian expedition , executed in 1830 . After the revolution , he refused to swear allegiance to the new government of Louis - Philippe and retired into private life . In 1852 , he lobbied for the first rail line between Paris and Cherbourg to pass through the department of Eure . He died on his estate in Glissolles . The Hawaiian plant genus Clermontia was named in his honor by Charles Gaudichaud - Beaupre .
Shell Green Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Shell Green Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery from World War I in the former Anzac sector of the Gallipoli Peninsula , Turkey . The battles at Gallipoli , some of whose participating soldiers are buried at this cemetery , was an eight - month campaign fought by Commonwealth and French forces against Turkish forces in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war , to relieve the deadlock of the Western Front ( France / Belgium ) and to open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea . The cemetery is on a former cottonfield at the edge of a steep slope leading from Bolton ' s Ridge to the sea , near the Southern end of the Anzac sector . The ground was captured by the 8th Australian Infantry on 25 April 1915 but remained sufficiently near to the front line for the rest of the campaign to suffer frequent Turkish shelling . Two cemeteries for Australian troops were established on the green in May . It continued to be used until December 1915 and the evacuation of the Anzac sector , by which time many of the graves had become elaborately decorated . A cricket match was played on the green ( and photographed ) on 17 December 1915 , whilst shells passed over it , as part of the Allied attempts to conceal preparations for the evacuation of the Anzac and Suvla Bay sectors . After the Armistice the cemeteries were combined and 64 graves consolidated into it from four other cemeteries which were closed . Artillery Road and Artillery Road East Cemeteries contained 21 Australians killed between April and May 1915 . Artillery Road was the name given to the track which leads from the coast road past Shell Green and up to Brown ' s Dip . Wright ' s Gully Cemetery contained the bodies of 8 Australians killed on 28 June 1915 and Eighth Battery Cemetery which contained 7 troops from the 8th Battery , Australian Field Artillery . The graves of 20 British soldiers and sailors who had been killed in 1922 and 1923 were transferred to the cemetery in March 1927 .
USS Edorea ( SP - 549 ) USS " Edorea " ( SP - 549 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Edorea " was built as the private motor yacht " Monaloa " by George Lawley & Son at Neponset , Massachusetts in 1909 . She later was renamed " Edorea " . In 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Edorea " under a free lease from her owner for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Edorea " ( SP - 549 ) on 27 July 1917 with Lieutenant J . G . N . Whitaker , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 4th Naval District , " Edorea " operated on convoy escort and patrol duties in the Cape May , New Jersey , area for the rest of World War I . She also escorted U . S . Navy submarine s to sea for target practice . " Edorea " was decommissioned on 10 December 1918 and returned to her owner .
Siege of Namur The siege of Namur refers to a number of sieges throughout history of the Belgian city of Namur . The city of Namur and the citadel of Namur held a strategic position in the heart of Europe . The command centre of an important earldom in the Middle Ages , it was then besieged by all the Great Powers of Europe between the 15th and 19th century . Most noteworthy are the sieges of 1692 and 1695 . External links . city
Nathaniel Barnaby Sir Nathaniel Barnaby , KCB ( 25 February 1829 – 16 June 1915 ) was Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy from 1872 to 1885 . Biography . Born in 25 February 1829 in Chatham , Barnaby began his career as a naval apprentice at Sheerness in 1843 . He won a scholarship to Portsmouth Naval School in 1848 . On qualifying in 1852 , he became a draughtsman at Woolwich dockyard . He was invited to join the Department of Naval Construction in 1854 to take part in designing the first British ironclad warship , HMS " Warrior " . Sir Edward Reed became Chief Constructor in 1863 . He was married to Barnaby ' s sister , and he made Barnaby head of his staff . In this post , he worked on the majority of British warships , up to the time of HMS " Monarch " . When Reed retired in 1872 , Barnaby was elevated to " President of the Council of Construction and Chief Naval Architect . " Always referred to as the " Chief Constructor , " the title was changed in 1875 to " Director of Naval Construction " ( DNC ) . Nathaniel Barbaby was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1876 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1885 , the year he retired because of ill - health . In retirement , he lived to see the start of the " Dreadnought " era . During his thirteen years in office , he faced possibly more and various changes in ship design than any Director of Naval Construction before or since . He saw : main armament change from 12 - inch muzzleloading rifles to 16 . 25 - inch breechloaders ; introduction of secondary armament ; armament housed in central citadels ; armament housed in barbettes and in turrets ; and development of the torpedo . He also saw the end of rigging in battleship s . He was succeeded in the role of Chief Constructor by Sir William White . Barnaby died on 16 June 1915 , in London .
USS Lebanon ( AG - 2 ) USS " Lebanon " ( AG - 2 ) was a 3 , 285 - long - ton ( 3 , 338 - metric - ton ) collier , which the United States Navy acquired in 1898 from the Philadelphia and Reading RR . Company to provide coal for Navy warships during the Spanish - American War . When the need for her coal was no longer a necessity , " Lebanon " was assigned various duty such as transporting stores as well as target repair and towing operations . Built by William Cramp in Philadelphia . " Lebanon " — the first ship to be so named by the U . S . Navy — was launched by William Cramp & Sons , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1894 ; acquired by the Navy on 6 April 1898 from Philadelphia and Reading RR . Co . ; and commissioned at Boston , Massachusetts on 16 April 1898 , Lieutenant Commander Charles Thomas Forse in command . Spanish - American War . After brief shakedown , " Lebanon " departed Boston on 17 May 1898 with coal for ships fighting in the Spanish - American War . Arriving Cardenas , Cuba on 4 June , the collier operated in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast for the next 10 months . " Lebanon " decommissioned at Norfolk , Virginia on 15 April 1899 . Pre - World War I service . " Lebanon " recommissioned at Portsmouth , New Hampshire on 11 August 1905 , Captain George McDonald in command . From 1905 until 1909 , she operated as a collier along the U . S . East Coast sailing as far south as Nicaragua servicing fueling stations and the fleet in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Caribbean . She decommissioned at Norfolk 2 October 1909 . On 1 July 1911 , " Lebanon " again recommissioned and was assigned to duty as a range ship . Operating along the U . S . east coast during the rest of the year , she transported stores and ammunition to eastern ports before joining the fleet in the Caribbean for the 1912 winter maneuvers . For the next four years , " Lebanon " operated as a target towing ship during fleet exercises along the coast and in the Caribbean . World War I . After America ’ s entry into World War I , her activities increased as she assisted the fighting ships to prepare for action in the war - ravaged waters . " Lebanon " continued target repair and towing operations in the Atlantic and Caribbean for the rest of her naval service . Final decommissioning . " Lebanon " decommissioned at New York City on 6 February 1922 and was sold on 2 June .
Georgi Todorov ( general ) Georgi Stoyanov Todorov ( ) ( born on 10 August 1858 in Bolgrad ( contemporary Ukraine ) ; died on 16 November 1934 in Sofia ) was a Bulgarian General who fought in the Russo - Turkish War ( 1877 – 1878 ) , Serbo - Bulgarian War ( 1885 ) , Balkan Wars ( 1912 – 1913 ) and First World War ( 1914 – 1918 ) . Biography . At the age of 19 he volunteered in the Bulgarian Corps ( Opalchentsi ) during the Russo - Turkish Liberation War . After the liberation he graduated the first course of the Military School in Sofia ( 1879 ) . In 1882 he entered the Sankt Peterburg Academy but could not graduate it because he returned for the Unification of Bulgaria in 1885 and took part in the war that followed immediately after it . During the war against Serbia he commanded a unit which fought successfully against the enemy in the area of Vidin and Kula . After the war he participated in the dethroning of Alexander I and was dismissed from the Army in 1886 but only a year later he returned in office . On 13 August 1887 we was promoted a Major and on 1 January 1896 Todorov became a Colonel . He served in the Military School and as a chief of the Sevlievo garrison . On 1 January 1910 he was promoted Major General and a commander of the Seventh Rila Infantry Division . Balkan Wars . During the First Balkan War ( 1912 – 1913 ) as a commander of the Seventh Rila Infantry Division he advanced towards Solun and on 26 January 1913 he defeated the Ottomans in the Battle of Bulair . During the Second Balkan War ( 1913 ) he and his division participated in the Battle of Kalimantsi where the Serbs were defeated . First World War . After the accession of Bulgaria in the First World War he commanded the 2nd Army . He led the operations in Macedonia which ended with the defeat of the Serbs in the battle of Ovche Pole . With that success the Bulgarians did not allow the meeting of the Serbian Army and the Anglo - French forces who embarked in Solun . In February 1917 he was in command of the 3rd Army and defeat the Romanians in Dobrudzha . From 8 September 1918 the became commander - in - chief of the Bulgarian Army after the illness of General Nikola Zhekov . He participated in the Battle of Dobro Pole . He was dismissed in 1919 . General Georgi Todorov died on 16 November 1934 in Sofia .
Mirosław Hermaszewski Mirosław Hermaszewski ( born September 15 , 1941 ) , is a retired Polish Air Force officer and cosmonaut . He became the first ( and to this day remains the only ) Polish national in space when he flew aboard the Soyuz 30 spacecraft in 1978 . Early life . Mirosław Hermaszewski was born in Lipniki , Wolynian Voivodship in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine , in present day - Ukraine . He is a survivor of the Volhynian massacres during World War II , during which Ukrainian nationalists murdered 19 members of his family , including his father . Intercosmos program . In 1965 , he graduated from the military pilot school in Dęblin . In 1978 , he was chosen from almost 500 Polish pilots to take part in the Intercosmos space program . Together with Pyotr Klimuk , he spent almost eight days on board the Salyut 6 space station ( from 17 : 27 , June 27 , 1978 ' til 16 : 31 , July 5 ) . During their time in orbit , they carried out geoscience experiments and photographed the Earth . They landed 300 km west of Tselinograd . He was awarded with the Hero of the Soviet Union title for that flight . Afterwards . During the period of martial law in Poland , Hermaszewski was a member of the Military Council of National Salvation ( " Wojskowa Rada Ocalenia Narodowego " , WRON ) , a military quasi - government . Later , he was a commander of the Fighter Pilots School in Dęblin . In 1988 , he was promoted to general . Between 1991 and 1992 , Hermaszewski served as a second - in - command of the Headquarters of the Airforce . He is currently retired . Mirosław Hermaszewski enjoys science fiction novels , hunting , sailing and various other sports . He is married to Emilia Hermaszewska and has two children , Miroslaw ( born 1966 ) and Emilia ( born 1974 ) .
18th Infantry The 18th Infantry were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1795 , when they were called the Calcutta Native Militia . Over the years they were known by a number of different name The Alipore Regiment in 1859 , the 18th Bengal Native Infantry in 1861 , the 18th ( Alipore ) Bengal Native Infantry in 1864 , the 18th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry in 1885 , the 18th Musulman Rajput Infantry in 1902 . Finally following the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army the 18th Infantry . They took part in the Third Anglo - Burmese War in 1885 and World War I . During World War I they were part of the Derajat Brigade and took part in operations on the North West Frontier . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army again moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . The 18th Infantry now became the 4th Battalion 9th Jat Regiment . In the reorganisation of 1922 , this unit became the Regimental Centre located at Bareilly . The other active battalions of the Jat Regiment formed were from the erstwile Bengal ( Ist and 3rd battalions ) and Bombay ( 2nd ( Mooltan ) battalion ) armies . The Jat Regimental Centre , to - day , has an unbroken history since raised as the Calcutta Native Militia , to protect East India Company ' s assets , in 1795 . After independence this was one of the regiments allocated to the new Indian Army .