naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Lovcha The Battle of Lovcha , " or Loftcha " ( today Lovech ) , was a battle of the Russo - Turkish War ( 1877 – 1878 ) which occurred during the siege of Plevna . Russian forces successfully reduced the fortress at Lovcha , which had protected Plevna ' s communication and supply lines . In July 1877 , shortly after the siege of Plevna began , the garrison ' s commander , Osman Pasha , received 15 battalions of reinforcements from Sofia . He chose to use these reinforcements to fortify Lovcha , which protected his lines of support running from Orchanie to Plevna . After the failure of the first two attempts to storm the city of Plevna , the Russians brought up significant reinforcements , and the investing army now totaled 100 , 000 . Intent on cutting Osman ' s communications and supply lines , General Alexander Imerentinsky was sent out with 22 , 703 Russian troops to seize Lovcha . On September 1 Generals Alexander Imerentinsky , Mikhail Skobelev , and Vladimir Dobrowolski reached Lovcha and attacked the city . Fighting continued for the next two days . Osman marched out of Plevna to the relief of Lovcha , but on September 3 , before he could reach it , the city fell to the Russians . Survivors of the battle withdrew into Plevna and were organized into 3 battalions . After the loss of Lovcha , these additional troops brought Osman ' s force up to 30 , 000 , the largest it would be during the siege . The Russians settled on the strategy of a complete investment of Plevna , and with the loss of its major supply route , the fall of Plevna was inevitable .
Siege of Ichijōdani Castle The 1573 was undertaken by Oda Nobunaga , a powerful warlord ( " daimyo " ) of Japan ' s Sengoku period . It was one of several actions taken in a series of campaigns against the Asakura and Azai clan s , which opposed his growing power . Ichijōdani Castle , the castle home of Asakura Yoshikage , was one of several lavishly furnished castles which can be said to typify the Azuchi - Momoyama period . Excavations and research at the ruins of the castle have revealed that , much like Toyotomi Hideyoshi ' s castle at Fushimi , Ichijōdani was a luxury home with a library , garden , and elegantly decorated rooms . Asakura Yoshikage was defeated , and suffered much the same fate as his comrade - in - arms Azai Nagamasa , whose castle at Oda Nobunaga ' s Siege of Odani Castle was set aflame and destroyed earlier that year .
Siege of Ostend The Siege of Ostend was a three - year siege of the city of Ostend ( in present - day Belgium ) during the Eighty Years ' War and one of the longest sieges in history . It is remembered as the bloodiest battle of the war , and culminated in a Spanish victory . It is said " the Spanish assailed the unassailable ; the Dutch defended the indefensible . " General Sir Francis Vere led a 3 , 000 - men strong English army in support of the Dutch , and was appointed Governor of Ostende by Maurice of Nassau in 1601 . After a skillful defence of the city , the English commander left Ostende in March 1602 , but the remaining English troops continued to fight for the Dutch until the end . The siege was described as a " long carnival of death " , in 1603 , General Spinola assumed command of the Spanish forces . Under his able leadership , the Spanish tore Ostend ' s outer defenses from the exhausted Dutch and put what remained of the city under the muzzles of their guns , compelling the Dutch to surrender . The cost of the victory was enormous : 35 , 000 men had been killed or wounded in the blasted trenches and dugouts surrounding the ruined city . The next two years saw the Spanish increasing the pressure on the Dutch as Spinola captured Oldenzaal , Lochem , Lingen , Rijnberk and Groenlo despite the efforts of the Dutch army under Maurice of Nassau , reducing trade and causing great fear within the United Provinces . The shocking devastation suffered at Ostend produced the first serious thoughts about searching for a peace agreement . The Dutch made an approach to the Spanish Crown and after difficult negotiations signed a Twelve Year Truce . Among the Dutch dead include the father of Kiliaen van Rensselaer , ancestor of the prominent American political family - the van Rensselaer family of New York .
SM U - 5 ( Germany ) SM U - 5 was a German Type U 5 U - boat built for the Imperial German Navy . She was commissioned 2 July 1910 in Germaniawerft in Kiel . She served in World War I under the command of Johannes Lemmer , with no recorded sinkings of enemy ships on two patrols . She was lost in an accident off the Belgian coast 18 December 1914 , with all hands lost .
List of railroads of the Confederate States of America This is a list of Confederate Railroads in operation or used by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . See also Confederate railroads in the American Civil War . At the outset of the war , the Confederacy possessed the third largest set of railroads of any nation in the world , with about 9 , 000 miles of railroad track . Southern companies , towns , cities as well as state governments were heavy investors in railroad companies , which were typically designed as feeder lines linking farming centers to port cities .
William Price ( Canadian politician ) Sir William Price ( August 30 , 1867 – October 2 , 1924 ) was a Canadian businessman and politician . Born in Talca , Chile , the son of Henry Ferrier Price and Florence Rogerson , Price was educated at Bishops College School in Lennoxville , Quebec and later at St . Marks School , Windsor , England . He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons for the electoral district of Quebec West in a 1908 by - election . A Conservative , he was defeated in the 1911 election . He raised two companies for service during the Boer War . He was one of the organizers of the Valcartier Military Camp ( now CFB Valcartier ) . It was for this work that he was knighted . During World War I , he served as a Lieutenant - Colonel of the 171st Battalion .
Combined Operations Headquarters Combined Operations Headquarters was a department of the British War Office set up during World War II to harass the Germans on the European continent by means of raids carried out by use of combined naval and army forces . Admiral of the Fleet Roger Keyes was the first director , from 17 July 1940 to 27 October 1941 , replaced first by Lord Louis Mountbatten and then Major General Robert Laycock ( October 1943 – 1947 ) . The main forces used by Combined Operations were the Commandos . It comprised background staff whose job was to plan operations and to develop ideas and equipment to harass the enemy in any way possible . It also covered all those who worked with landing craft up to and including the landing ships that were used in the various amphibious operations . The badge of Combined Operations was an eagle over a submachine gun over an anchor , reflecting the three service arms ; the Royal Air Force , the British Army and the Royal Navy . Operations . Among the projects undertaken by Combined Operations was the surveying of landing sites for invasions , including those of Sicily and Normandy . These were carried out by Combined Operations Pilotage Parties made up of members of the Royal Navy , Royal Marines , Corps of Royal Engineers and Special Boat Service . Film . The " Attack on the Iron Coast " ( film ) depicts an account of Allied Combined Operations Headquarters commandos executing a daring raid on the German - occupied French coast during the Second World War .
Richard Bochentin Richard Bochentin ( 2 April 1910 – 25 February 1945 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Military career . Having entered the Reichswehr in 1928 he began the war as Hauptfeldwebel of the 3rd company in the Infanterie Regiment 22 but was commissioned Oberleutnant and placed in command of the 10th company of the same regiment in time for the Battle of France . Among the company commanders of the regiment in that period were several future Knight ' s Cross recipients and senior officers such as Theodor Tolsdorff . Since February 1942 in acting command of a battalion Bochentin was formally instated as commanding officer of the 2nd battalion of Grenadier Regiment 405 in December of that year . In this function he earned the Knight ' s cross for bravely leading the assault on a hill held by superior numbers of Soviet troops during the winter of 1943 / 44 . Richard Bochentin was killed in action on 25 February 1945 in the Courland Pocket as Oberst and commanding officer of Grenadier Regiment 408 .
Battle of Cnidus The Battle of Cnidus ( 394 BC ) , was a joint Athenian and Persian operation against the Spartan naval fleet in the Corinthian War . A combined Athenian - Persian fleet , led by the former Greek admiral Conon , destroyed the Spartan fleet led by the inexperienced Peisander , ending Sparta ' s brief bid for naval supremacy . The battle outcome was a significant boost for the anti - Spartan coalition that resisted Spartan hegemony in the course of the Corinthian War . Prelude . In 394 BC , King Agesilaus II of Sparta and his army were recalled from Ionia to the Greek mainland to help fight the Corinthian War . The Spartan fleet , under Peisander , also began a return to Greece , sailing out from its harbor at Cnidus . The Athenian part of the joint fleet was led by Conon , and the Persian satrap Pharnabazus led a Phoenician fleet from the Chersonese to oppose the Spartans . The fleets met near Cnidus . According to Isocrates , King Evagoras of Cyprus contributed the greatest part of the forces for the sea fight off Cnidus . The battle . Sources are vague for the events of the battle itself . It appears that the Spartan fleet encountered advance elements of the Athenian fleet and engaged them with some success . Then the main body of the Persian fleet arrived and put the Spartans to flight , forcing them to beach many of their ships . The Spartans lost their entire fleet , with heavy casualties ; 50 Spartan trireme s were captured by the Persians . Peisander was killed while fighting to defend his ship . Aftermath . This battle ended the Spartans ' attempt to establish a naval empire . Sparta never again engaged in major military efforts at sea , and within a few years Athens had reclaimed her place as the preeminent Greek sea power . Following his victory , Conon took his fleet to Athens , where he supervised the rebuilding of the long walls , which had been destroyed at the end of the Peloponnesian War . According to Pausanias ( 1 . 1 . 3 ) , Conon commemorated the victory by establishing a sanctuary of Aphrodite ( the patron goddess of Cnidus and a key deity for the Phoenicians ) in Piraeus . With Sparta removed from the scene , Persia re - established its dominance over Ionia and parts of the Aegean . The Peace of Antalcidas in 387 BC officially ceded control of these areas to Persia ; it would continue to hold them until the arrival of Alexander the Great half a century later .
Flame Resistant Organizational Gear Flame Resistant Organizational Gear ( FROG ) is clothing used by the United States Marine Corps to reduce the number of injuries resulting from fire and flash ( especially burn s ) , due to the increased use of improvised explosive device s in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq . Features . The FROG system consists of a long - sleeve shirt , t - shirt , combat shirt , combat trousers , gloves , and a balaclava . The shirts and trousers are camouflaged in MARPAT , while the remainder are colored in either sand or olive drab . Flight and vehicle crewman suits are also re - classified as FROG II uniforms . The unit commander can dictate how much protection is needed by ordering one of two different FROG levels , which alter how much protective clothing is necessary . The Corps is acquiring a new cold - weather flame - resistant shirt , specifically for the bitter cold winters of Afghanistan , along with a new fire - resistant glove for increased insulation in cold - weather environments . History . The FROG program was developed in 2006 , and fielding to units began in 2007 . In 2009 , the shift of focus from Iraq to Afghanistan led to the development of cold - weather clothing . In May 2010 , the Marine Corps Times featured an article addressing the base FROG ' s lack of durability , citing that the lack of regular laundering in Afghanistan lead to clothing failure within weeks , instead of the designed year . When exposed to water or sweat and improperly dried , the fabric would become brittle and seams would fail significantly with little stress . Marine officials have begun issuing additional suits as an interim response until the issue can be addressed .
Siege of Los Angeles The Siege of Los Angeles was a military occupation by the United States Marines of the Pueblo de Los Angeles during the Mexican – American War . Occupation . On August 13 , 1846 , early in the American invasion of California during the Mexican – American War , the US Navy , under Commodore Robert F . Stockton , sent an occupying force of fifty US Marines , under USMC Captain Archibald H . Gillespie into the Pueblo de Los Angeles and raised the American flag without opposition , as Mexican government officials fled Alta California . A rudimentary US barricade called Fort Hill was hastily built overlooking the small pueblo . Resistance . The martial law imposed on the surprised and confused pueblo citizens by Captain Gillespie soon ignited a popular uprising . The Californios , organized under José María Flores , a Mexican Officer who remained in California , José Antonio Carrillo and Andrés Pico , and assembled a vaquero Lancer force that began the fight to break the " Siege of Los Angeles " on September 22 , 1846 . Battle . Gillespie ' s marines were able to resist an initial attack on the government house in town and regrouped on Fort Hill , where they strengthened their fortification with sandbags and mounted a cannon . Within a short time , the Californio force grew to just over sixty men , with several Californio citizens voicing strong opposition to the American invaders . Flores offered an ultimatum : leave within twenty - four hours or face attack . Gillespie , remembering the Americans at the Alamo , chose to withdraw from Los Angeles , and on September 30 , 1846 , American forces retreated to their Brig " Savannah " , berthed in San Pedro Bay , with Stockton ' s fleet . This was the beginning of the unanticipated Californio resistance to the American invasion of Southern California .
Kosmos 2480 Kosmos 2480 ( meaning " Cosmos 2480 " ) is a Russia n Kobalt - M reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 2012 by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces . It was the last launch of a Soyuz - U rocket launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome . Kosmos 2480 was launched from Site 16 / 2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome . The last Soyuz - U carrier rocket launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome was used to perform the launch , which took place at 18 : 05 UTC on 17 May 2012 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into low earth orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2012 - 024A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 38335 . Kobalt - M . Kobalt - M satellites are a type of Yantar satellite , Yantar - 4K2M . They have the GRAU index 11F695M . They are optical reconnaissance satellite s which use film . The satellite sends two film capsules to earth and returns to earth itself at the end of its mission . This has the disadvantage that the satellite ' s life is dependent on how much film it can carry , and information from the satellite is not obtained until the film canister has returned to earth and been developed . The satellite returned to earth on 24 September 2012 . The previous satellite of this class , Kosmos 2472 , was launched on 27 June 2011 and returned to earth on 24 October 2011 .
Economy of force Economy of force is one of the nine Principles of War , based upon Carl von Clausewitz ' s approach to warfare . It is the principle of employing all available combat power in the most effective way possible , in an attempt to allocate a minimum of essential combat power to any secondary efforts . It is the judicious employment and distribution of forces towards the primary objective of any person ' s conflict . No part of a force should ever be left without purpose . The allocation of available combat power to such tasks , like limited attacks , defense , delays , deception or even retrograde operations is measured , in order to achieve mass at decisive points elsewhere on the battlefield . Carl von Clausewitz once said that " Every unnecessary expenditure of time , every unnecessary detour , is a waste of power , and therefore contrary to the principles of strategy . " The Principles of War are a part of United States Army doctrine . The current doctrinal manual for Army Operations is FM 3 – 0 , which defines , and describes , Economy of Force as follows : " Allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts . Economy of force is the reciprocal of mass . It requires accepting prudent risk in selected areas to achieve superiority — overwhelming effects — in the decisive operation . Economy of force involves the discriminating employment and distribution of forces . Commanders never leave any element without a purpose . When the time comes to execute , all elements should have tasks to perform . "
Battle of Corbione The Battle of Corbione took place in 446 BC . General Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus and legatus Spurius Postumius Albus Regillensis led Roman troops to a victory over the Aequi tribes of north - east Latium and the Volsci tribes of southern Latium . The Romans had already defeated the Aequi in the Battle of Mons Algidus , so that the Battle of Corbione definitely marked the dominion of the Romans over this tribe .
Glossary of USSR Russian aviation acronyms – miscellaneous , materials and nicknames This is a glossary of acronyms and initials used for miscellaneous items , materials and nicknames in the USSR / Russia . The Latin letter names are phonetic representations of the Cyrillic originals and variations are inevitable . Nicknames . These nicknames are used for aircraft , and / or aircraft equipment , either officially in the case of avionics or unofficially for other equipment .
Royal Canadian Infantry Corps The Royal Canadian Infantry Corps is the infantry corps of the Canadian Army and includes regular and reserve force regiments . Originally formed as the Canadian Infantry Corps on 2 September 1942 to encompass all existing infantry regiments , including regiments of foot guards , in the Canadian Army . The corps was granted its " royal " designation in 1947 and was designated Royal Canadian Infantry Corps 30 April 1947 to be redesignated The Royal Canadian Infantry Corps 22 March 1948 and revert to Royal Canadian Infantry Corps 17 February 1964 . The badge of the Infantry Branch consists of Argent three maple leaves conjoined on one stem within an annulus Gules fimbriated and inscribed INFANTRY • INFANTERIE in letters Or , the whole ensigned by the Royal Crown proper set above a scroll Or inscribed with the Motto in letters Sable and surmounted by two rifles in saltire Or . The three maple leaves conjoined on one stem , taken from the Royal Arms of Canada , represent service to Canada , and the Crown , service to the Sovereign . The crossed rifles denote infantry and have been used in badges of infantry units as well as of the officer cadet programme . Red and white are the national colours of Canada . " INFANTRY " and " INFANTERIE " are a form of the bilingual branch title and " DUCIMUS “ is the motto of the corps . In 1968 , with the unification of the Canadian Army into the Canadian Armed Forces , the name of the Royal Canadian Infantry Corps was changed to simply the " Infantry Branch " . As of April 2013 , the traditional designation " Royal Canadian Infantry Corps " has been officially restored . Today , the administration and training of both the regular and reserve infantry that form part of the Canadian Army is the responsibility of the Infantry School , which runs officer classification courses as well as NCO and Warrant Officer trades training at CFB Gagetown . Regular Force . Note : each regular force regiment retains a parachute company in its respective 3rd battalion . After the Second World War the infantry was expanded to meet Canada ' s global responsibilities as part of NATO . Initially , the militia regiments provided men to a number of composite battalions : In 1953 it was decided that the composite battalions would be regimented . The two Canadian Infantry battalions were amalgamated with the 3rd Battalions of both The Royal Canadian Regiment and Princess Patricia ' s Canadian Light Infantry to form a new , four battalion regiment of foot guards , the Canadian Guards . The Rifle and Highland battalions were regimented by forming Regular Force units of the senior rifle and highland regiments of the Militia , the Queen ' s Own Rifles of Canada and the Black Watch ( Royal Highland Regiment ) of Canada . Supplementary Order of Battle . Regiments on the Supplementary Order of Battle legally exist but have no personnel or materiel .
G . Steven Rowe G . Steven Rowe , known commonly as Steve Rowe , is a Maine politician . A Democrat , he first entered politics in 1992 as a member of the Maine House of Representatives . In 1998 , he became the 94th Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives , serving until he was term - limited from the House in 2000 . In 2001 , he was appointed as the 54th Maine Attorney General , serving eight years in that position . In 2009 , he became Counsel at Verrill Dana , a Portland law firm . A speculative candidate since early 2008 , he officially announced his candidacy for Governor of Maine in 2010 Election on June 9 , 2009 . He finished in 2nd place in the Democratic primary behind State Senator Libby Mitchell . Personal . Rowe was raised between Gore and Webbers Falls , Oklahoma . He is married to Amanda Rowe , whom he met when they were both in the Army , and has four children . They live in Portland , Maine .
Office of Legislative Affairs ( United States Navy ) The Office of Legislative Affairs is a United States Navy function which coordinates activities between the Department of the Navy and the United States Congress . The office reports to the Secretary of the Navy and the Chief of Naval Operations . Its relationships with Congress include policy discussions , briefings and posture statements , comments on pending legislation , and supporting and hosting congressional visits and travel . It has a Senate Liaison Office located in the Russell Senate Office Building and a House Liaison Office located in the Rayburn House Office Building . The current Chief of Legislative Affairs is Rear Admiral Michael H . Miller . Future senator and presidential candidate John McCain served in the Senate Liaison Office during 1977 – 1981 , which introduced him to the world of politics .