naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Decoration of Merit The Decoration of Merit is an important military decoration for bravery in the Netherlands The medal was established by the Dutch minister of defence Wim van Eekelen on 16 April 1987 . The award was created by ministerial decree and is therefore a medal of the Netherlands Ministry of Defence and not a royal decoration . Defence ministries in Germany and the Czech Republic award similar decorations . This way chivalric orders keep their exclusivity . The ministerial decree requires four criteria for granting : In 2002 , minister Benk Korthals added a fifth criteria for granting the medal : The award is granted in silver or gold . The medal is the sixth highest military decoration , after the Medal of Recognition , still being awarded for bravery . Design . The medal has the shape of an old Dutch fortresses in the style that was introduced in the late 17th century by the Dutch fortress builder Menno van Coehoorn . The moat of the hexagonal fortresses has been reflected in blue emaille . In the middle of the depicted fortresses the symbols of three of the four branches of the Netherlands armed forces are displayed . These are the " climbing lion with sword and arrows " of the Royal Netherlands Army , the " anchor " of the Royal Netherlands Navy , and the " flying eagle " of the Royal Netherlands Air Force . The " burning grenade " , the symbol of the fourth branch , the Royal Marechaussee , is lacking . On the reverse side , the words " KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN " ( English : " Kingdom of the Netherlands " ) and " MINISTER VAN DEFENSIE " ( English : " Minister of Defence " ) are engraved in a circle . The medal is worn with a Nassau blue ribbon that has narrow red and white borders . Recipients may wear a ribbon bar at their uniform with the same composition ( although on the ribbon bar of the golden medal a golden palm branch is added ) . American sergeant posthumously awarded . On 12 September 2007 American sergeant Alexander van Aalten , ( a descendant of Dutch ancestors ) posthumously received the Decoration of Merit in gold . On 20 April 2007 Van Aalten , while in Afghanistan , volunteered to assist in the recovery of the body of a fallen Dutch Corporal Strik who had been killed by an improvised explosive device . Van Aalten was however killed himself by a land mine while attempting to retrieve the body of Strik . The golden Decoration of Merit was presented by Netherlands minister of defence Eimert van Middelkoop to the widow Shana van Aalten . The family of sergeant Van Aalten chose to have their son buried at at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia , USA . The presentation was at Arlington . Van Aalten was a member of the 82nd Airborne 1 - 508 PIR , an American airborne infantry division . The 82nd Airborne played a large role in the liberation of the Netherlands during the Second World War . During the Battle of Arnhem this division suffered heavy losses . Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands authorized the attachment of the cross of Military William Order to the standard of the regiment for the liberation of Nijmegen .
ST Empire Ace Empire Ace was a 275 ton tug which was built in 1942 for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was transferred to the Admiralty in 1947 and renamed Diligent . She was transferred to the Ministry of Defence in 1961 and reverted to " Empire Ace " . She ran aground in 1968 and was scrapped in 1971 . History . " Empire Ace " was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd , Selby as yard number 1255 . She was launched on 12 September 1943 and completed on 22 December 1943 . Official number and code letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Ace " had the UK Official Number 1690781 and used the Code Letters MFLY .
Claude - Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur Claude - Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur was an officer in the colonial regular troops ( troupes de la marine ) , seigneur , and member of the Legislative Council of New France . Born on December 28 , 1705 at Contrecœur , Quebec , son of Francois - Antoine Pécaudy de Contrecoeur , a seigneur and officer in the colonial regulars , and Jeanne de Saint - Ours . Died on December 13 , 1775 in Montreal , Quebec . He was active in the establishment of French power in the Ohio Country , and was the commander of Fort Duquesne ( at the site of modern Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ) in 1755 when it was threatened by Edward Braddock . Born into a family with large landholdings in the Saint Lawrence River valley , he stayed in North America after the French and Indian War and its fall of New France to the British . He was called " the third most influential Canadian " by the British governor of the Province of Quebec , Guy Carleton .
Commandant of the Coast Guard The Commandant of the United States Coast Guard is the highest - ranking member of the United States Coast Guard . The Commandant is normally the only four - star Admiral in the Coast Guard and is appointed for a four - year term by the President of the United States upon confirmation by the United States Senate . The Commandant is assisted by a Vice Commandant , two Assistant Commandants / Area Commanders and a Chief of Staff , all of whom are three - star Vice Admiral s . Unlike the chiefs of the other branches of the United States Armed Forces , the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ; he is , however , entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs , per 37 U . S . C § 414 ( a ) ( 5 ) ( $ 4 , 000 per annum in 2009 ) , and is accorded privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII ( 1 ) as a " de facto " JCS member during Presidential addresses . Furthermore , in contrast to the Joint Chiefs who are not in the military ' s operational chain of command , the Commandant of the Coast Guard commands his service . He reports to the President , via the Secretary of Homeland Security . Prior to the creation of the in 2003 , the Commandant reported to the Secretary of Transportation from 1966 to 2003 . Until the creation of the Department of Transportation in 1966 , the Commandant and the earlier counterparts had reported to the Secretary of the Treasury since 1790 . Evolution of the rank and title . The title of Commandant dates to a 1923 act that distributed the commissioned line and engineer officers of the Coast Guard in grades . Before 1923 , the rank and title of the head of the Coast Guard was " captain - commandant . " The rank " captain - commandant " originated in the Revenue Cutter Service in 1908 . The original holder of that rank was the Chief of the Revenue Cutter Service ( also known as the Revenue Marine ) . The Coast Guard traces the lineage of Commandants back to Captain Leonard G . Shepard , chief of the Revenue Marine Bureau , even though he never officially received the title of Captain - Commandant . The Captain - Commandant position was created in 1908 when Captain Worth G . Ross was the first to actually hold the position . Although he was retired , Captain Charles F . Shoemaker was elevated to the rank of Captain - Commandant . Captain Shepard had already died and was not elevated to the rank . Chiefs of the Revenue Marine Bureau . Chiefs exercised centralized control over the Revenue Marine Bureau . In 1849 the Revenue Marine Bureau was dissolved , and the Revenue Marine fell under the control the Commissioner of Customs until the Revenue Marine Bureau was again established in 1869 . List of Commandants . There have been 24 Commandants of the Coast Guard since the office of Chief of the Revenue Marine Bureau was transferred to a military billet including Admiral Robert J . Papp , Jr . , the current Commandant .
Civilian Inmate Labor Program The Civilian Inmate Labor Program is a program of the United States Army provided by Army Regulation 210 - 35 . The regulation , first drafted in 1997 , underwent a " rapid act revision " in January 2005 ; it provides policy for the creation of labor programs and prison camps on Army installations . The labor would be provided by persons under the supervision of the Federal Bureau of Prisons . Labor programs . Labor programs set forth by the Civilian Inmate Labor Program regulation involve the use of minimum and low - security inmates from facilities under the control of the Federal Bureau of Prisons , with a few apparent exceptions for state - held and locally - held inmates , on installations controlled by the Army . Army Regulation 210 - 35 outlines two purposes for this docket : The regulation states that labor programs benefit the Army and the corrections facilities by supplying " a source of labor at no direct cost to the Army " , giving " meaningful work to inmates " and alleviation to " overcrowding in nearby corrections facilities " and by making use of otherwise unused land and buildings . The statement of purpose of the regulation is as such : This policy provides army policy and guidance for establishing civilian inmate labor programs and civilian prison camps on Army installations . Sources of civilian inmate labor are limited to : The regulation indicates that the inmates could perform labor as allowed by 18 USC 4125 ( A ) . Prison camps . The regulation also sets forth policy for the creation of prison camps on Army installations . These would be used to keep inmates of the labor programs resident on the installations . In January 2006 , Kellogg , Brown and Root reported that they had received a contract from the Department of Homeland Security to expand ICE DRO facilities " in the event of an emergency influx of immigrants into the U . S . , or to support the rapid development of new programs . " A February news article comments that the " new programs " mentioned could include the Civilian Inmate Labor Program . ICE has " joint federal facilities " with the Federal Bureau of Prisons .
Action of 18 March 1748 The Action of 18 March 1748 was a naval engagement during the War of Jenkins ' Ear in which a fleet of six Royal Naval vessels captured a number of merchantman in a successful engagement against a Spanish convoy escorted by nine ships of the line and frigates . Battle . Whilst off Cape St Vincent a small British fleet under Captain Cotes was watching his station when he caught eye of a Spanish convoy . He caught up with the tail end of the convoy and an action ensued . Three register ships , from Cadiz to Vera Cruz , and two others for Carthagena , are intercepted and captured out of a Spanish fleet of 17 merchantmen , under a convoy of nine ships of the line . The escorting Spanish ships of the line were " Soberbio " ( 74 ) , " Leon " ( 74 ) , " Oriente " ( 70 ) , " Colorado " ( 70 ) , " Brillante " ( 64 ) , " Pastora " ( 64 ) , " Rosario " ( 60 ) , " Xavier " ( 54 ) and " Galga " ( 54 ) . The Royal naval vessels consisted from 74 to 54 guns , by HMS " Edinburgh " , 70 guns , under the command of Captain Thomas Cotes , with the " Eagle " , " Windsor " , and " Princess Louisa " , 60 guns each , and " Inverness " , 24 guns and the frigate " Gax " . The rest of the convoy managed to escape under darkness with their escorting ships .
1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People ' s Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam ( South Vietnam ) in the Paracel Islands on January 19 , 1974 . The Battle of Svay Rieng as the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the South Vietnamese army against the Communist VPA forces . The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16 , 1974 , when the 9th Division of the Vietnam People ' s Army backed by a small contingent of tanks launched an attack on Rach Bap , took possession of An Dien and pushed south towards Phu Cuong . U . S . President Richard Nixon resigns due the Watergate Scandal . He is succeeded as president by Vice President Gerald Ford . December . From July 1965 to the end of 1974 , fighting in Vietnam was attended by some 6 , 500 officers and generals , as well as more than 4 , 500 soldiers and sergeants of the Soviet Armed Forces . The Battle of Phuoc Long took place in Phuoc Long Province , about from South Vietnam ' s capital , Saigon , at present day Phuoc Binh . The campaign against Phuoc Long reflected North Vietnam ' s change in policy after the strategic raids of 1974 , taking full advantage of South Vietnam ' s critical military situation . The Ho Chi Minh Campaign was the final title applied to a series of increasingly large - scale and ambitious offensive operations by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( North Vietnam ) and the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam which began on 13 December 1974 .
Alyona Alyona ( Erzyan : Эрзямассонь Олёна , , surname is unknown ; died 1670 ) was an Erzyan female ataman during the Peasants ' Revolt in Russia under the leadership of Stepan Razin . A peasant by birth from the Vyezdnaya sloboda of Arzamas , she was an elderly nun ( " старица " ) before becoming an ataman . She commanded a detachment of about 600 men and participated in the capture of Temnikov in 1670 . She was burned at the stake . Biography . Alyona was a peasant by birth from the Vyezdnaya sloboda of Arzamas and married a peasant . She became a nun as a widow and learned to read and studied medicine . In 1669 , she left the convent and joined the Peasants ' Revolt of Stepan Razin as the leader of circa 300 - 400 people whom she had convinced to join the rebellion . In 1670 , she participated in the capture of Temnikov as the leader of her own troupes . The 30 November 1670 , Temnikov was re - taken by Tsarists troupes under Yu A . Dolgorukov . According to a description from 1677 , she hid in a church and shot several soldiers before she was taken , embracing the altar , on 4 December . She was accused of sorcery and heresy and sentenced to be burned at the stake . The stake was formed as a small cottage with a whole in the " roof " , in which she would be burned . She was to have climbed to the stake in silence , performed her rites , jumped down and closed the hatch without a word , and burned in silence . Alyona is described as an amazon with great physical strength and courage greater than most men .
USS Skill ( AM - 115 ) USS " Skill " ( AM - 115 ) was an acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing . " Skill " was the first of two ships to bear that name . She was laid down on 28 November 1941 by American Ship Building Company of Cleveland , Ohio ; launched on 22 June 1942 ; and placed in service on 17 November 1942 , Lt . Comdr . E . J . Kevern , USNR , in command . North African operations . After a brief shakedown cruise , " Skill " was ordered to the Mediterranean Sea where she swept mines and performed other mine - warfare countermeasures along the North Africa n coast before the invasion there . After the initial invasion at Salerno , Italy , she was assigned patrol and convoy duty in that area . She returned to the area from escort duty on 25 September 1943 and was assigned a patrol station . Sunk by torpedo . At 1140 , not long after she had taken station , her forward magazine exploded . This was probably due to a submarine ' s torpedo because a survivor , whose station was on the bridge , later reported having seen a wake of undetermined origin paralleling the ship at a distance of about 150 yards . " Skill " was blown in half and the forward section capsized . The after half caught fire , and the flames moved aft until that section exploded and sank at about 1200 . Ten minutes later , the capsized bow slipped beneath the waves . Of her 103 officers and men , none of the officers and only 32 of the men survived . Her name was struck from the Navy list on 11 October 1943 . Notes . " Skill " was mistaken for an Allied destroyer and was sunk by , commanded by Kptlt . Gerd Kelbling . " U - 593 " had been laid down in 1940 in Hamburg , Germany and was successful in sinking Allied ships . Eventually , in the Mediterranean Sea , Allied warships caught up with it and it was sunk by and . Unlike the " Skill " , with its great loss of life , all crew members of " U - 593 " survived its sinking , and were taken captive by Allied forces . Awards . " Skill " was awarded one battle star for World War II service .
Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer The Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer or CFCWO ( ) is the senior non - commissioned member appointment in the Canadian Forces . The post was created in 1978 Rank and Insignia . The CFCWO holds the substantive rank of Chief Warrant Officer ( if Army or Air Force ) or Chief Petty Officer 1st Class ( if Navy ) . Even if the incumbent is a Naval Chief Petty Officer , the appointment title remains " Canadian Forces " Chief Warrant Officer " " . The rank insignia of the CFCWO is the Coat of Arms of Canada in coloured thread , surrounded by a wreath of twenty - eight maple leaves in gold thread , worn on the lower sleeve of the Service Dress jacket . The cap badge is the Coat of Arms of Canada , in full - colour metallic thread .
Luostari ( inhabited locality ) Luostari ( ) is a rural locality ( an inhabited locality ) in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast , Russia , located near the Norway – Russia border . Population : 2 , 260 ( 2010 Census ) . History . Before World War II , Luostari was a part of Finland . It was occupied by the German army during World War II . Transportation . Luostari / Pechenga airfield is located nearby .
Yakovlev Yak - 27 The Yakovlev Yak - 27 ( NATO reporting name " Flashlight - C " ) was a family of Soviet supersonic aircraft developed in 1958 from the Yak - 121 prototype . The most built variant was the tactical reconnaissance Yak - 27R ( NATO reporting name " Mangrove " ) . Design and development . The Yak - 121 prototype was developed as a successor to the Yak - 25 family and it became the base for the Yak - 27 family of supersonic interceptor and tactical reconnaissance aircraft . The Yak - 27 and Yak - 27K interceptors , armed with gun and K - 8 missile s respectively , reached or exceeded their requirements , but were overtaken in performance by the Sukhoi Su - 9 , and so production was not authorised . A high - altitude interceptor version , the Yak - 27V , was converted from the Yak - 121 prototype by fitting a 1 , 300 kg • f ( 2 , 866 lb • f ) Dushkin S - 155 rocket booster in the rear fuselage , and the Tumansky RD - 9AKYe afterburning turbojets . Although performance was very good , reaching the height of 23 , 000 m ( 75 , 400 ft ) during trials , development was halted due to maintenance problems of the Dushkin S - 155 rocket engine . The dedicated high - altitude photo - reconnaissance variant of the Yak - 27 interceptor was named Yak - 27R ( NATO designation " Mangrove " ) . The radome and radar were replaced with a glazed nose for an observer / navigator , two cameras were added , and the Nudelman - Rikhter NR - 23 cannon was deleted from the port - board . It had a longer wing with a span of 11 . 82 m ( 38 ft 9 in ) , with two Tumansky RD - 9AF turbojet engines and a top speed of about 1 , 285 km / h ( 798 mph ) at high altitude . It had a service ceiling of 16 , 500 m ( 54 , 000 ft ) and a range of 2 , 380 km ( 1 , 480 mi ) with two wing tanks . About 180 aircraft were produced in Plant No . 292 in Saratov . Operational history . The Yak - 27R entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1960 and was intended to replace the subsonic Ilyushin Il - 28 reconnaissance aircraft . However , despite the greater speed and ceiling , it had less range . The YAK - 27R also had some operational limitations and was flown at supersonic speed only by the most experienced pilots . The low position of the engines made them prone to foreign object ingestion from unimproved forward - base runways . With the increasing coverage of anti - aircraft missiles over Europe , the high - altitude Yak - 27R was often more limited than the Il - 28 . The Yak - 27R was withdrawn from operational service in the early 1970s , and was replaced by the Yak - 28R and the MiG - 25R . Survivors . A Yak - 27R is preserved at the Central Air Force Museum at Monino , outside of Moscow , Russia .
4th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry The 4th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 4th Illinois Cavalry was mustered into service at Ottawa , Illinois on September 26 , 1861 . It was consolidated with 12th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry on June 14 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 38 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 4 officers and 192 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 234 fatalities .
Denis Warner Denis Ashton Warner OBE CMG ( 12 December 1917 – 12 July 2012 ) was an Australian journalist , war correspondent and historian . Warner was born in New Norfolk in Tasmania ' s Derwent Valley . He attended The Hutchins School , where he was school captain , before embarking on a career in journalism . He began working for the " Mercury " as a copy boy in the late 1930s before being shifted to Melbourne to work for the " Herald " . After his return from war service in the Middle East ( 1941 – 43 ) , he came to the attention of Sir Keith Murdoch , who dispatched him to Asia with the directive to " tell us how it is " . Following the war ' s end , he worked for Reuters and the Australian Associated Press as head of the Tokyo bureau , from whence he reported on Japan ' s post - war experience and interviewed General Douglas MacArthur . He married " Herald " reporter Peggy Hick in 1945 . In 1949 he was appointed Far Eastern Correspondent for the " Herald " and the London " Daily Telegraph " , becoming a freelancer in 1955 . He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship in 1956 and an Associate Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University in 1957 . He wrote for a number of international news magazines , including the " Reporter " , " Look " and the " Atlantic " . He was a correspondent for the " Telegraph " on the Korean War , which he described as a " tragic accident " . It was during Korea that he developed a bitter rivalry with Wilfred Burchett , whom he considered a traitor for his support of the Chinese . Warner was a significant correspondent from the Vietnam War , where he was critical of the American conduct of a war he nevertheless supported . He continued to write on Asian affairs until 1983 , also serving as a member of the Victorian State Advisory Committee of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation from 1979 to 1981 . From 1981 to 1995 he was editor of the " Asia - Pacific Defence Reporter " . His hawkish foreign policy views distinguished him from many of his more liberal contemporaries . Warner was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1971 and Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1982 . He was a foundation patron of the Australia Defence Association in 1981 , remaining involved with the organisation until his death . He continued writing into his later life , until ill health and his wife ' s death in 2010 lead to a decline . Warner died in Melbourne in 2012 . Publications . Warner published a number of books on Asian affairs :