naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Veneris James George Veneris or Lao Wen ( b . 1922 Vandergrift , Pennsylvania , d . before 2005 China ) , was a soldier in the American forces during the Korean War , was captured by the Chinese and was one of 21 US soldiers at the end of the war who decided they would rather stay in China than return to the US . Veneris had served in the South Pacific during World War II , and said he re - enlisted because he couldn ' t find anything else to do and hoped Army life would provide security . After he chose to live in China , the Army gave Veneris a dishonorable discharge and refused to provide back pay for his time in prison camp . The Chinese gave him a stipend and moved him to Shandong province , where he was given a job in a state - run pulp factory in Jinan that turned discarded cloth shoes into toilet paper for export to Hong Kong . He and fellow former POW Howard Gayle Adams stayed in Jinan through the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution sheltered by their factory co - workers and an announcement by Premier Zhou Enlai calling them " international freedom fighters " . In 1963 , he was allowed to study at the People ' s University of China . After graduation , he returned to the same factory . His first Chinese wife died from lung disease after ten years of marriage . In 1967 , he married a Chinese woman who has been divorced . In 1977 , he became an English professor at Shandong University . Veneris returned to the United States twice , first in 1976 to celebrate the bicentennial and again some time in the late 1990s . He has a daughter and a son who were raised in China then moved to the US in the 1990s . He was one of the subjects of the 2005 documentary " They Chose China " which was directed by Shui - Bo Wang and produced by the National Film Board of Canada . Personal life . Veneris had a daughter and a son who were raised in China and moved to the US in the 1990s . Death . Veneris died in China in 2004 and was buried in Shandong .
37th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Lützow 37th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division " Lützow " was ordered to be formed in February 1945 , consisting of remnants of 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer and 22nd SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Maria Theresia , including former ' s SS Pionier Battalion 8 , in addition to mostly 16 - or 17 - year old German , Hungarian Volkdeutsche , and ethnic Hungarian recruits . The division was intended to have three cavalry regiments of two battalions each , but due to lack of men and equipment it could only field two understrength regiments as its main combat units . Initially the division was commanded by SS - Oberführer Waldemar Fegelein , but in March he was replaced by a more competent officer , SS - Standartenführer Karl Gesele . The division saw action against Soviets as a part of 6 . SS - Panzerarmee during the final weeks of war , before surrendering to Americans in Austria in May . It was named after the Prussia n Generalmajor Adolf Freiherr von Lützow ( 1782 – 1834 ) .
Safiye Ali Safiye Ali ( 1891 – 1952 ) was the first Turkish woman to become a medical doctor . She is a graduate of Robert College . She treated the soldiers in the Turkish War of Independence , the Balkan Wars , and in World War I . She studied medicine in Germany in 1916 , and opened her office in İstanbul in 1922 . Bibliography . < div class = " references - small " style = " - moz - column - count : 2 ; column - count : 2 ; " >
Suing for peace Suing for peace is an act by a warring nation to initiate a peace process . Suing for peace is usually initiated by the losing party in an attempt to stave off an unconditional surrender and may sometimes be favorable to the winning nation , as prosecuting a war to a complete or unconditional surrender may be costly . However , pressing for peace may sometimes be started by the winning faction as a means to end the war for several reasons , such as where additional conflict would not be in the perceived best interest of the winning party . In this case , demands might be made , or the two nations may agree to a " white peace " , or Status quo ante bellum .
USS Pelican ( MHC - 53 ) USS " Pelican " ( MHC - 53 ) was the third and the third ship in the Navy to bear the name of the bird . From 1 January 1997 on , the " Pelican " was part of the Naval Reserve Force . In that role the ship was used as training platform for naval reservists . Both decommissioned and stricken from the Navy List on 16 March 2007 , the " Pelican " was transferred to the Hellenic Navy the same day . There she was recommissioned as HS " Evniki " .
USS Colbert ( APA - 145 ) USS " Colbert " ( APA - 145 ) was a " Haskell " - class attack transport acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas . " Colbert " ( " APA - 145 " ) was launched 1 December 1944 by California Shipbuilding Corp . , Wilmington , California , under a Maritime Commission contract ; sponsored by Mrs . L . G . Miller ; acquired 7 February 1945 and commissioned the same day , Captain L . Jeffrey in command . World War II service . " Colbert " sailed from San Francisco , California , 15 April 1945 with passengers for Honolulu , where she remained from 21 April to 20 May , disembarking her original troops and loading reinforcements for Okinawa , where she arrived 7 June . She sailed on to Ulithi to load Japanese and Korean prisoners of war , with whom she returned to Pearl Harbor 28 June . End - of - war operations . After a brief stateside overhaul , " Colbert " put to sea 21 July 1945 to carry troops to Ulithi and Okinawa , where she lay until 5 September . She voyaged to Jinsen , Korea , and Dairen , Manchuria , to embark Allied soldiers and sailors formerly held prisoner at Mukden , Manchuria , and returned to Okinawa 16 September . Striking a floating mine while riding out a typhoon . Next day she put to sea to evade a typhoon , and that same day struck a floating mine , which caused the death of three men and damaged the ship extensively . Towed back to Okinawa 18 September , she was later towed to Guam , Pearl Harbor , and San Francisco for repairs , reaching the U . S . West Coast 30 January 1946 . Post - war decommissioning . On 26 February 1946 , she was decommissioned and transferred to the War Shipping Administration at Suisun Bay , California . Military awards and honors . " Colbert " received one battle star for World War II service .
USS Hobo II ( SP - 783 ) USS " Hobo II " ( SP - 783 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Hobo II " was built in 1905 as a private motorboat of the same name by the Electric Launch Company ( ELCO ) at Bayonne , New Jersey . On 23 June 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , J . S . Melcher of New York City , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned at Boston , Massachusetts , as USS " Hobo II " ( SP - 783 ) on 24 August 1917 with Boatswain ' s Mate G . R . Hadlock in command . Assigned to the 1st Naval District in northern New England , " Hobo II " initially was based at Bar Harbor , Maine , where she operated on harbor patrol duties . On 21 January 1918 she was transferred to Boston , where she performed dispatch boat and general patrol duties for the rest of World War I and into 1919 . " Hobo II " was returned to Melcher on 17 February 1919 .
HMS Maidstone ( 1744 ) HMS " Maidstone " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Rotherhithe to the dimensions laid down in the 1741 proposals of the 1719 Establishment , and launched on 12 October 1744 . " Maidstone " had a short life , being wrecked in 1747 .
Alexios Kaballarios Alexios Kaballarios or Kaballares ( ) was a Byzantine aristocrat , cousin of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos ( r . 1259 – 1282 ) . He participated in the Byzantine campaigns in the Morea in the early 1260s , and was taken prisoner by William II of Villehardouin after the Battle of Makryplagi ( 1263 / 1264 ) . Apparently released at some later date , in ca . 1270 he held the offices of " epi tes trapezes " and governor of Thessalonica . Along with the " despotes " John Palaiologos , he led a Byzantine army against John I Doukas of Thessaly , but was defeated and killed in the Battle of Neopatras ( variously dated to 1273 – 1275 ) .
Groupe d ' Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale The Groupe d ' Intervention de la Gendamerie Nationale , also known as GIGN is a French special unit focused on terrorism . It is comparable to the German GSG 9 and Austrian EKO Cobra . provided , together with other units " GIGN " the preparatory work for the ATLAS - Verbund European police special forces . History . The GIGN was on 1 March 1974 officially founded by Christian Prouteau , after the Munich Massacre , when Palestinian Terrorists killed 11 Israeli athletes , and the occupation of the Saudi embassy in Paris ( 1973 ) . The foundation was indeed already been considered , but was not initially put into action . What makes this a French anti - terrorist unit is that it never has more than 90 members , selected in accordance with highest standards . Your current location is in Satory , South of Paris . Known , the GIGN , among other things by the hostage liberation in February 1976 in Djibouti , Where rebels had hijacked a school bus . Some of their operations were : Recruitment and training . Candidates must already had served five years in the Gendarmerie . But to be allowed for the actual selection process , applicants must meet the following requirements : Furthermore , there is a swimming test on the plan : The beginning of the training course is a choice . These include a Commando Course , a survival test and other performance tests . Finally , it is supplemented by a shooting ability test . This flows , especially in the assessment . This phase is usually survived by only 10 % of the participants . These are now being trained in a two - month course in the basic skills of the GIGN . After half a year of training with an active team members and learn more skills , including Personal security and dealing with insurgents . Those who survive through this stage , gets his " GIGN a " chievement and is a full member of the GIGN . Now he is assigned to an active team . Following are additional training periods in which the HALO / HAHO Skydiving and Navy Seals Skills are taught . Equipment . To equip the GIGN include the following firearms :
Brett Cloutman Lieutenant - Colonel Sir Brett Mackay Cloutman VC MC KC ( 7 November 1891 – 15 August 1971 ) was a British Army officer who was awarded the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Brett Cloutman was educated at Berkhamsted School , Bishop ' s Stortford College and London University where he was a member of the Royal Engineers contingent of the university ' s Officers ' Training Corps . At the outbreak of World War I Cloutman enlisted as a Rifleman in the Rangers ( 12th Battalion , London Regiment ) , reached the rank of Lance - Corporal , and in 1915 was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Kent ( Fortress ) Engineers , a Territorial Force unit . Military Cross . Cloutman , by then Acting Major in command of the 59th Field Company , , was awarded the Military Cross for an action in September 1918 : For conspicuous gallantly and devotion to duty at Banteux on the morning of 30th September , 1918 , when he made a personal reconnaissance under heavy machine - gun fire to ascertain the possibilities of bridging the Canal de L ' Escaut . Victoria Cross . A few weeks later the action took place for which Cloutman won his VC . The official citation read : For most conspicuous bravery on the 6th November , 1918 , at Pont - sur - Sambre . Maj . Cloutman , after reconnoitring the river crossings , found the Quartes Bridge almost intact but prepared for demolition . Leaving his party under cover he went forward alone , swam across the river , and , having cut the " leads " from the charges , returned the same way , despite the fact that the bridge and all approaches thereto were swept by enemy shells and machine - gun fire at close range . Although the bridge was blown up later in the day by other means , the abutments remained intact . The bridge had been prepared for demolition by the Germans , and was well defended . By cutting the wires , Cloutman prevented the enemy from blowing it up at the time . He was seen at the bridge , however , and escaped under an intense fire from its guards . The fact that the abutments were not destroyed later meant that the bridge could be more quickly replaced by the Allies . This was the last act to win a VC in the First World War . Later career . After the war Cloutman became a lawyer and was called to the Bar at Gray ' s Inn in 1926 . In World War II he served again in the Royal Engineers and received a mention in despatches . He became a King ' s Counsel in 1946 and in 1947 he was appointed Senior Chairman of the War Pension s Tribunal . He was Senior Official Referee of the Supreme Court of Judicature ( now the Senior Courts of England and Wales ) 1954 - 63 . He was knighted in the Queen ' s Birthday Honours of 1957 . He was Master of the Worshipful Company of Glass Sellers 1939 – 40 and 1965 – 66 . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum , Chatham , Kent .
Joseph B . Chambers Private Joseph B . Chambers ( May 4 , 1833 to October 8 , 1909 ) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War . Chambers received the country ' s highest award for bravery during combat , the Medal of Honor , for his action at Petersburg , Virginia on 25 March 1865 . He was honored with the award on 27 July 1871 . Biography . Chambers was born in Beaver County , Pennsylvania on 4 May 1833 . He enlisted into the 100th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry . Chambers died on 8 October 1909 and his remains are interred at the Oak Park Cemetery in Pennsylvania .
M19 mortar The M19 Mortar is a light , smoothbore , muzzle loading , high - angle - of - fire weapon for light infantry support developed and produced in the United States . It has been made obsolete and supplanted by the more modern M224 Mortar , which has a much longer range . Description . The original M19 just had a simple spade - like baseplate , leaving the elevation and traverse free for the firer . This of course was found to be too inaccurate , and the infantry initially refused the M19 . A new mount , the M5 , was developed , which used a conventional baseplate and bipod with elevation and traverse adjustment . This gave the M19 better accuracy , but made it heavier than the M2 Mortar with less range . The M19 fired the same ammunition used in the M2 mortar , which it was supposed to replace . The 60 mm mortar is used by the infantry to lob explosive shells at well - protected hostile locations . The weapon can also fire illumination rounds to light up the battlefield at night , and smoke rounds to provide concealment during the day . History . The M19 was developed in 1942 as a replacement for the M2 Mortar . It was a very simple and light weapon , but was too inaccurate without a mounting . The M5 mount was made for it , but made it heavier and had less range than the older M2 mortar . Very few M19s were made , but some survived in US service to be used in the Vietnam War . Many M19s were scrapped or exported to other countries . They were also made in Germany but were 81 mm and fired 18 rounds per minute in short bursts .
HMS Orpheus ( 1780 ) HMS " Orpheus " was a 32 – gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy . She was launched in 1780 , and served for more than a quarter of a century , before she was wrecked in 1807 . On 22 June 1796 " Orpheus " was in the Straits of Banca , where she captured the Dutch brig " Harlingen " . The British took " Harlingen " into service as . Fate . " Orpheus " , under the command of Captain Thomas Briggs , arrived off Jamaica from England in the evening of 22 January 1807 . Being short of water , Briggs decided to try to sail her into Port Royal , rather than wait for a pilot . Around midnight " Orpheus " grounded on a reef that was not accurately marked on her charts . Efforts to lighten her failed and she took on water . When the water reached her main deck , the crew took to the boats , abandoning her .
10th Georgia Infantry The 10th Georgia Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It participated in most of the key battles of Robert E . Lee ' s Army of Northern Virginia . The regiment was raised in various counties throughout the state of Georgia and was mustered into Confederate service in June 1861 in Richmond , Virginia . It was initially assigned to Magruder ' s Peninsula Division . It served with the Army of Northern Virginia for the entire war , except during Longstreet ' s late 1863 expedition to Georgia and East Tennessee . The regiment was assigned to the Semmes - Bryan - Simms brigade .
Aftakin Aftakin ( fl . about 975 ) was a Turkic general in Hamdanid service . He is best known for his participation in the war against the Fatimid dynasty in Syria from 974 - 977 ) , his notable engagement was the Battle of Ramleh in 977 . Reportedly had a 9 and 3 / 4 inch wiener . Comparable to the one and only John Purcell .
Charles N ' Tchoréré Charles N ' Tchoréré ( 15 November 1896 - 7 June 1940 ) was a French ( naturalized in 1940 ) military commander who was shot by Germans in World War II . Born in Libreville to a notable Mpongwe family , he was a top student at the École Montfort , but had to abandon his studies at age 16 to work with his father in German Cameroon . In 1914 , Charles took up a post in the governor ' s cabinet , then in 1916 enlisted in the Tirailleurs Sénégalais and fought in World War I , earning a promotion to sergeant . After further training during the 1920s , in 1927 he became one of few Africans to receive an officer ' s commission . As commander of the Tirailleurs in the French Sudan ( present - day Mali ) , he improved the military training for the sons of African soldiers . In 1937 N ' Tchoréré became a battalion chief , and after serving as commandant of École des Enfants de Troupe at Saint - Louis in Senegal , he retired , with the rank of lieutenant . When World War II broke out , he came out of retirement and took command of a battalion of Gabonese volunteers at Bordeaux , then later was captain of a company in the Infanterie Coloniale Mixte Sénégalaise , which fought Germans on the Somme River . After three days of resistance , the company was left with only ten Africans and five Europeans , and they surrendered near Amiens . But the German officer would not treat N ' Tchoréré as an officer , and when N ' Tchoréré refused to fall in line with the black enlisted soldiers , the German shot him . N ' Tchoréré ' s son Jean - Baptiste was killed in action in the same area a week later . Charles N ' Tchoréré has a memorial in Airaines , and in 1962 he was honored on a postage stamp of Gabon .
Lausanne Conference of 1932 The Lausanne Conference was a 1932 meeting of representatives from Great Britain , Germany , and France that resulted in an agreement to suspend World War I reparations payments imposed on the defeated countries by the Treaty of Versailles . Held from June 16 to July 9 , 1932 , it was named for its location in Lausanne , Switzerland . A moratorium had been placed on the war reparations payments in 1931 and a year later the delegates to the Lausanne Conference realized that the deepening world financial crisis in the Great Depression made it nearly impossible for Germany to resume its payments . However , Britain and France and other Allies had borrowed heavily to fight the war and in particular , France and Belgium were struggling after having had their infrastructure severely damaged by the fighting and by the deliberate destruction and plundering from retreating German forces as the war drew to a close . Therefore , the delegates came to an informal understanding that the permanent elimination of Germany ' s debt and war reparations would be subject to reaching an agreement with the United States with respect to their outstanding war debts . In December 1932 , the U . S . Congress rejected the Allied war debt reduction plan , which technically meant that the war reparations and debt reverted to the debt reduction previously granted Germany by the 1929 Young Plan . However , the system had collapsed , and Germany made no further payments . By 1933 , Germany had made World War I reparations of only one eighth of the sum required under the Treaty of Versailles . References .
Basilio Lami Dozo Brigadier General Basilio Arturo Ignacio Lami Dozo ( born 1 February 1929 ) was a member of the Argentine Air Force . He participated in the military dictatorship known as the National Reorganisation Process ( 1976 – 1983 ) and , along with Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri and Jorge Isaac Anaya , was a member of the Third Military Junta that ruled Argentina between 1981 and 1982 . In the 1985 Trial of the Juntas he was charged with , and acquitted of , acts of torture , making false declarations , and kidnappings . In 1989 he was sentenced to an eight - year prison term in the criminal proceedings that arose from the 1982 Falklands War ( ) , in which he had served as commander - in - chief of the Air Force . In 1990 he received a presidential pardon from Carlos Menem and was allowed to keep his military rank . In 2003 the Spanish justice system sought his extradition in order to stand trial in Spain for crimes against humanity committed during the dictatorship . Initially the government of Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar ruled the extradition inadmissible but , in 2005 , the Supreme Court overturned that decision and ordered extradition proceedings to go ahead . Family . Basilio Lami Dozo Arturo Ignacio was born into a traditional family in the province of Santiago del Estero who are descendants of immigrants from Syria and Lebanon who came to the Republic of Argentina before the disappearance of the Ottoman Empire after the World War .
Recall ( bugle call ) Recall is a bugle call used to signals to soldiers that duties or drills are to cease , or to indicate that a period of relaxation should end . Outside of a military context , it is used to signal when a game should end , such as a game of capture the flag among scouts . History . Like other bugle calls , " recall " is a short tune that originated as a military signal announcing scheduled and certain non - scheduled events on a military installation , battlefield , or ship . Historically bugle calls indicated the change in daily routines of camp . A defining feature of a bugle call is that it consists only of notes from a single overtone series . This is in fact a requirement if it is to be playable on a bugle or equivalently on a trumpet without moving the valves .
Hugh Thornton Sir Hugh Cholmondeley Thornton KCMG CVO ( 16 May 1881 – 8 March 1962 ) was a British civil servant . Thornton was the son of a clergyman and was educated at Kelly College , Tavistock , Devon , and Christ Church , Oxford . He worked for Conservative Central Office from 1907 to 1914 , when he was commissioned into the Middlesex Regiment . In 1915 , as a Lieutenant , he transferred to the Duke of Cornwall ' s Light Infantry , being promoted Captain and Major later the same year . In 1916 he was appointed private secretary to Lord Milner in the War Cabinet , and accompanied him when he was appointed successively Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for the Colonies . In 1920 , Thornton was appointed Second Crown Agent for the Colonies . He served as a Crown Agent until his retirement in 1943 , ending his career as Senior Crown Agent . He was appointed both Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ( CMG ) and Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( CVO ) in the 1920 New Year Honours , and Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1943 .