naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS ARL - 5 USS " ARL - 5 " was one of 39 " Achelous " - class landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II . Originally laid down as " LST - 81 " on 8 March 1943 at Jeffersonville , Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company ; launched on 28 May 1943 ; sponsored by Miss Bettie Meador ; and commissioned on 21 July 1943 . She was decommissioned on 19 July 1943 and redesignated " ARL - 5 " on 20 July 1943 . On 29 July 1943 she was transferred to the United Kingdom and served the Royal Navy as HM " LSE - 1 " until 21 May 1946 when she was returned to the United States . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 29 October 1946 . On 20 August 1947 LST - 81 was sold to Argentina and served that government as ARA " Ingeniero Hodesh " ( Q - 21 ) , then renamed ARA " Ingeniero Iribas " ( Q - 21 ) . She was sold by the Argentine Navy in 1967 .
Hans Hermann von Katte Hans Hermann von Katte ( 28 February 1704 – 6 November 1730 ) was a Lieutenant of the Prussian Army and close friend of the future Frederick II of Prussia , then the Crown Prince . He was executed by Frederick ' s father King Frederick William I of Prussia when Frederick plotted to escape from the Kingdom of Prussia to the Kingdom of Great Britain . Some believe that Frederick intended to defect to the service of George II of Great Britain ( Frederick ' s maternal uncle ) and possibly return to Prussia to depose Frederick William . Life . Born in the Prussian capital of Berlin , Katte was a nobleman by birth , coming from a long line of aristocratic military men . His ancestors were squires of Wust in the Altmark . His father , Hans Heinrich Graf von Katte , was one of Frederick William ' s most regarded cuirassier s . Katte ' s mother , Dorothee Sophia von Wartensleben , was the daughter of a seasoned and revered field marshal , Graf Leopold Alexander von Wartensleben . Hans Hermann studied in Königsberg and Utrecht — his foci were French and law . After completing his studies , he joined the Prussian Army . It is not known when Frederick and Katte met for the first time . However , when they both attended private mathematics and mechanics lessons in 1729 , they became acquainted rapidly . Frederick , eight years younger than Katte , admired Katte for his cosmopolitan attitude . Both were interested in poetry and playing the flute . In the spring of 1730 Frederick revealed to Katte his plan to flee to France and to leave his harsh and despotic father , King Frederick William I . Katte tried to hold Frederick back , but at the end supported Frederick ' s plan to escape . On 5 August 1730 , while the royal retinue was near Mannheim in the Electorate of the Palatinate , Frederick tried to escape from his quarters . At that point Katte stayed in Potsdam . A compromising letter unmasked Katte as an accomplice and Frederick and Katte were subsequently arrested and imprisoned in Küstrin . Because they were army officers who had tried to flee Prussia for France , Frederick William I leveled an accusation of treason against the pair . A court martial found Katte guilty of desertion and sentenced him to lifelong imprisonment ; but King Frederick Wilhelm I wanted him executed , declaring that " it would be better that Katte came to death than the justice out of the world . " Katte was beheaded at the fortress of Küstrin . The king forced Frederick to watch the execution . Katte wrote a farewell letter to his father : On witnessing his death , Frederick was plunged into deep despair for three days . After that , he almost never spoke of Katte again . Katte ' s remains rest in the crypt of the church in Wust .
USS New York City ( SSN - 696 ) USS " New York City " ( SSN - 696 ) , a " Los Angeles " - class submarine , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named specifically for New York City as distinct from the state . The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton , Connecticut on 24 January 1972 and her keel was laid down on 15 December 1973 . She was launched on 18 June 1977 sponsored by Mrs . James R . Schlesinger , delivered to the Navy on 23 January 1979 , and commissioned on 3 March 1979 with Commander James A . Ross in command . " New York City " was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 April 1997 and entered the Ship - Submarine recycling program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard .
3d Airlift Squadron The 3d Airlift Squadron is a squadron of the 436th Airlift Wing of the USAF . It is based at Dover Air Force Base near Dover , Delaware . History . The 3d Airlift Squadron goes back to the days of World War II when it was activated at Pope Field , Fort Bragg , North Carolina , in March 1942 , as a ferrying squadron . During the war , the 3rd was stationed at Chabau , Upper Assam , India . Later , it transferred to the India - China Wing of the Air Transport Command and carried supplies and equipment back and forth across the treacherous " Hump . " The squadron was disbanded in late 1943 . During the Korean War , the 3rd was reconstituted at Brookley Field , Alabama , and began flying regularly scheduled airlift missions in its eight C - 124 Globemaster II s to the Arctic , Caribbean , and South America . In June 1958 , the squadron moved to Charleston AFB , South Carolina , where it continued to fly C - 124s until August 1965 , when it transitioned into jets with the arrival of the first C - 141 Starlifter . In June 1970 , the 3rd Military Airlift Squadron received the first operational C - 5 Galaxy to be assigned to a Military Airlift Command flying organization . Three years later , the 3rd was transferred to its present home with the 436th Airlift Wing at Dover AFB . Aircrews of the 3rd AS flew support missions for French troops in the Zaire peacekeeping effort . For their efforts , they were co - recipients with a 9th MAS crew of the Mackay Trophy for the 1978 airlift operation . The 3rd has proven itself and the C - 5 to be highly mission - ready by setting AMC records for departure reliability . In 1986 , the 3rd received the 436th Military Airlift Wing ' s Flying Eagle award four times for having the highest percentage of on - time departures . In April 1988 , a 3rd MAS crew , overcoming the difficulties of flying into unfamiliar territory , airlifted drilling equipment into Semipolitinsk , U . S . S . R . The mission was part of a joint nuclear weapons detonation monitoring agreement signed by the United States and the Soviet Union . The crew was subsequently awarded the Mackay Trophy for the " most meritorious flight of the year " . The 3rd AS continues its distinct history and support of AMC by flying humanitarian and contingency missions into such places as Southwest Asia , Somalia , Rwanda , and Haiti . The 3rd AS participated in the first - ever six - ship formation flights of C - 5 ’ s in support of the Strategic Brigade Airdrop Test . In October 2003 a crew from the 3rd Airlift Squadron landed the first C - 5 Galaxy in Iraq at Baghdad International Airport . Until 2004 the unit was also the only Special Operations Low Level SOLL capable unit to fly the C - 5 Galaxy . While this capability was transferred to the smaller and more modern C - 17 , the 3rd Airlift Squadron ’ s mission capability still includes clandestine delivery , extraction , and airdrop of special operations forces and equipment . In 2007 the 3rd AS transitioned from operation of the C - 5 Galaxy to the newer C - 17 Globemaster III .
Battle of San Jacinto ( 1899 ) " For the battle during the Texas Revolution see : Battle of San Jacinto " The Battle of San Jacinto was a battle during the Philippine - American War fought on November 11 , 1899 , in San Jacinto , Pangasinan , Philippines , between the Filipinos and the United States . Background . During the fall of 1899 , General Elwell S . Otis began a three - pronged offensive against the Filipinos north of Manila . General Arthur MacArthur ' s 2nd Division was moving north along the railroad running out of Manila , General Henry W . Lawton ' s 1st Division moved up the Pampanga River against San Isidro . The third expedition would be led by General Loyd Wheaton , commander of the 1st Brigade , 2nd Division . Wheaton ' s brigade was detached and landed at San Fabian on Lingayen Gulf . Defeating the Filipinos , Wheaton moved inland behind the main enemy forces . Battle . On November 11 , he encountered another force at the town of San Jacinto . U . S . forces routed the Filipinos and inflicted heavy casualties at a relatively low cost to themselves . From there Wheaton was able to join forces with MacArthur ' s division near the town of Dagupan . Aftermath . These combined offensives destroyed the Filipinos as an effective fighting force . Wheaton and General Theodore Schwan defeated the Filipinos in the Cavite province in February 1900 , and the war effectively turned into guerrilla fighting but the war was far from over .
Gustav Schneidewind " Vizefeldwebel " Gustav Schneidewind was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . Biography . Gustav Schneidewind was born on 28 August 1890 , in the Kingdom of Prussia . He began his military service in the German Army in the 97th Infantry Regiment on 13 October 1911 . As World War I erupted , he served in the 25th Pioneer Regiment . On 7 January 1915 , he became an " Unteroffizier " . He transferred to aviation duty on 1 August 1916 . He attended pilot ' s training at Großenhain . Once trained , he was forwarded for duty with " Flieger - Abteilung " ( Flier Detachment ) 29 on 3 May 1917 . However , on 4 June 1917 , he returned to pilot ' s training , this time to " Jastaschule " ( Fighter School ) . On 17 June , he was posted to a fighter squadron , " Jagdstaffel 17 " . He scored his first aerial victory on 21 July ; at 1530 hours , he shot down a Sopwith Pup from No . 66 Squadron Royal Flying Corps over Noordschote . On 10 August 1917 , he received a promotion to " Vizefeldwebel " . He would be credited with three more victories over British aircraft , on 14 and 21 September , and 1 December . With the turn of the year , Schneidewind changed theaters ; from service on the Western Front , he was transferred to the Middle East . He was posted to " Jadgstaffel 55 " on 7 January 1918 , joining them in Palestine . He shot down enemy observation balloon s on consecutive days , 8 and 9 May 1918 . He was credited with an enemy aircraft later that month . However , on 23 May , he was seriously wounded in action , taking bullets through both arms . He was claimed as a victory by Carrick Paul and William Weir , who were crewing a Bristol F . 2 Fighter . On 28 May 1918 , Gustav Schneidewind was awarded the Prussian Golden Military Merit Cross and Turkish War Medal to accompany his previous awards of both classes of the Iron Cross . He returned to Germany , and later served in a reconnaissance unit , " Flieger - Abteilung " ( Flier Detachment ) 305 .
Battle of Un no Kuchi The Battle of Un no Kuchi ( 1536 ) was the first major victory for Takeda Harunobu , aged fifteen at the time . He would later take on the name Takeda Shingen , and grow to become one of Japan ' s most famous warlords . Harunobu ' s father , Takeda Nobutora , attacked Hiraga Genshin in his fortress at Un no Kuchi , but was forced to retreat . Harunobu , at the rear of the withdrawing forces , waited until they were clear of the fortress , and then turned around , leading his men to defeat a castle garrison which was caught unprepared , having seen the Takeda flee .
34th Infantry Division ( India ) The 34th Indian Infantry Division was a division of the Indian Army during World War II . It was formed in March 1942 . as the garrison of Ceylon . It never saw any combat and was disbanded in 1945 . References . The Indian Army 1914 - 1947 By Ian Sumner , p . 25
Alenia Aermacchi M - 311 The Alenia Aermacchi M - 311 ( M - 345 from 2012 ) is a turbofan - powered military trainer aircraft . It is a development of the SIAI Marchetti S . 211 / Aermacchi S - 211 . Design and development . The M - 311 is a small tandem two - seat shoulder - wing monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear , powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D - 5C turbofan . It is based on the earlier S - 211 , with the addition of both structural and equipment improvements . The airframe has been strengthened , and a glass cockpit and modern avionics have been added . As a basic trainer , the aircraft is designed to complement the Aermacchi M - 346 advanced trainer . The aircraft was designed with a secondary close air support capability with five underwing hardpoints . The prototype aircraft first flew in June 2005 . In April 2008 , Alenia and ENAER of Chile signed an agreement to jointly manufacture and sell the M - 346 and M - 311 in South America . On 28 May 2008 , Boeing and Alenia signed a joint agreement to cooperate on marketing , sales , training and product support for both the M - 346 and M - 311 .
Celia Sánchez Celia Sánchez Manduley ( May 9 , 1920 – January 11 , 1980 ) was a participant of the Cuban Revolution and a close friend , and rumored lover of Fidel Castro . She was born in Media Luna , Oriente , Cuba . Sánchez joined the struggle against the Batista government following the coup of March 10 , 1952 . She was the founder of the 26th of July Movement in Manzanillo . Together with Frank País she was one of the first women to assemble a combat squad during the revolution . she was tasked with making all the necessary arrangements throughout the southwest coast region of Cuba , for the Granma landing , and was responsible for organising reinforcements once the revolutionaries landed . In 1957 , she joined the guerrillas and served as messenger . Celia placed small telegrams inside a Butterfly flower , so the messages would remain in secret and would not be exposed to the enemy . As a member of the general staff of the Rebel Army she managed to supply Che Guevara and other rebels with weapons , occasionally food and medical supplies . During the mid to late 1960 ' s , René Vallejo , Castro ' s physician since 1958 , and Sanchez became the Cuban leader ' s two closest companions . Sánchez was bestowed with the title of Secretary to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and served in the Department of Services of the Council of State until her death of lung cancer in 1980 . The Celia Sánchez Memorial in Manzanillo honors her name . References . Celia Sánchez died on January 11 , 1980 at age 59 . ( Rich Haney edited this correction . The Wikipedia bio of Celia Sanchez incorrectly lists her death as 1982 ) .
52nd Reserve Division ( German Empire ) The 52nd Reserve Division ( " 52 . Reserve - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in September 1914 and organized over the next month , arriving in the line in October . It was part of the first wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I , which were numbered the 43rd through 54th Reserve Divisions . The division was initially part of XXVI Reserve Corps . It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was primarily recruited in the Grand Duchy of Baden and in the Prussian Rhine Province . Combat chronicle . The 52nd Reserve Division fought on the Western Front , entering the line in mid - October . As part of the so - called Race to the Sea , it fought in the Battle of the Yser and the First Battle of Ypres in October – November 1914 . It remained in positional warfare and fighting along the Yser until September 1916 . It saw action in the Battle of the Somme that month , and then went into the line in the Champagne region until April 1917 . In May 1917 , it fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also called the Third Battle of Champagne , and in the Autumn of 1917 fought in the Battle of Passchendaele . The division then returned to the line in the Champagne , remaining there until April 1918 . At the end of April it went into action in the fighting at Kemmel , Belgium , and then remained in the Flanders region until the end of the war . In 1918 , Allied intelligence rated the division as a second class division , noting that although trained as an assault division , it was not so used in most of the German offensives that year . Order of battle on formation . The 52nd Reserve Division was initially organized as a square division , with essentially the same organization as the reserve divisions formed on mobilization . The order of battle of the 52nd Reserve Division on September 10 , 1914 was as follows : Order of battle on January 1 , 1918 . The 52nd Reserve Division was triangularized in August 1916 , dissolving the 103rd Reserve Infantry Brigade headquarters and sending the 237th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 199th Infantry Division . Over the course of the war , other changes took place , including the formation of artillery and signals commands and the enlargement of combat engineer support to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on January 1 , 1918 was as follows :
4th Bengal European Cavalry The 4th Bengal European Cavalry was a cavalry regiment of the British East India Company , created in 1858 and disbanded in 1859 . The regiment was originally raised in Bengal by the East India Company in 1858 as the 4th Bengal European Light Cavalry , for service in the Indian Mutiny ; the " European " in the name indicated that it was manned by white soldiers , not Indian sowar s . As with all other " European " units of the Company , they were placed under the command of the Crown following the end of the Mutiny in 1858 , but the regiment was disbanded rather than be transferred into the British Army .
Eric Newby George Eric Newby CBE MC ( 6 December 1919 – 20 October 2006 ) was an English travel author . Newby ' s best known works include " A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush " , " The Last Grain Race " , and " Round Ireland in Low Gear " . Life . Newby was born and grew up near Hammersmith Bridge , London , and was educated at St Paul ' s School . After leaving school he worked for two years at the Dorland advertising agency until 1938 when he apprenticed aboard the Finnish windjammer " Moshulu " and took part in the ' Grain Race ' from Australia to Europe by way of Cape Horn . This voyage was subsequently described in " The Last Grain Race " and pictorially documented in " Learning the Ropes " . He served in the Black Watch and the Special Boat Section during World War Two , and was captured during an operation against the coast of Sicily in August 1942 . He was later awarded the Military Cross for his part in the raid . Newby was sent to a camp at Chieti a few miles inland from Pescara on the Adriatic coast , and later to Fontanellato , near Parma . Escaping with the other British prisoners after the Italian Armistice he was helped to hide in the Apennine countryside by a Slovenian woman , Wanda , who married him after the war and became a companion on his travels . These experiences were described in his memoir " Love and War in the Apennines " , which focusses on how he was helped by ordinary Italians . A film , " In Love and War " , was made in 2001 based on the book , starring Callum Blue as Newby and Barbora Bobulova as Wanda . He was free until the end of 1943 , when he was recaptured . After the war , he briefly worked in the women ' s fashion business ( his father had owned a firm making ladies ' mantles ) , before setting out to climb Mir Samir in the Nuristan Mountains of Afghanistan , an expedition later chronicled in " A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush " — probably his most widely known work , and which included a meeting with the English explorer Wilfred Thesiger . From 1963 to 1973 , Newby was Travel Editor for " The Observer " newspaper . He was awarded a CBE in 1994 and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the British Guild of Travel Writers in 2001 . His life and work was profiled in ITV ' s " The South Bank Show " ( director Tony Knox ) in 1994 . He made travel films for the BBC , returning to Parma with his wife Wanda in " The Travel Show " ( director Paul Coueslant , 1994 ) and visiting one of his favourite cities , Istanbul ( 1996 ) . He died at age 86 in Guildford .
Edward Lawson ( VC ) Edward Lawson VC ( 11 April 1873 – 2 July 1955 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was a Private in the 1st Battalion , The Gordon Highlanders , British Army during the Tirah Campaign when the following deed took place on 20 October 1897 on the Dargai Heights , for which he was awarded the VC : His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Gordon Highlanders Museum in Aberdeen , Scotland . Sometime after The First World War , Edward Lawson lived with his family in Parson ' s Avenue , Walker , Newcastle upon Tyne
Walter Leigh Rayfield Walter Leigh Rayfield VC ( 7 October 1881 – 19 February 1949 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Rayfield was one of seven Canadian to be awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on September 2 , 1918 . The other six Victoria Cross recipients were Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney , William Metcalf , Cyrus Wesley Peck , John Francis Young , Bellenden Hutcheson and Arthur George Knight . Details . Rayfield was 36 years old , and a private in the 7th ( 1st British Columbia ) Battalion , Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . From 2 – 4 September 1918 during the operations east of Arras , France , Private Rayfield , ahead of his company , rushed a trench occupied by a large party of the enemy , bayoneting two and taking 10 prisoners . Later , after engaging with great skill an enemy sniper , he rushed the section of the trench from which the sniper had been operating and so demoralised the enemy that 30 others surrendered to him . Subsequently , regardless of personal safety , he left cover under heavy machine - gun fire and carried in a badly wounded comrade . Rayfield was the Progressive Party of Canada " Soldier candidate " in the federal election of 1921 for Toronto East . Liberal nominee Mrs . Philip G . Kiely ( Elizabeth Bethune Kiely ) stood aside for Rayfield , so that her votes could go to him , but the Conservative candidate won . He was Sergeant - at - Arms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and governor of Toronto Jail . Further information . Rayfield is buried at Prospect Cemetery , Toronto , Ontario , Canada ( Soldier ' s Plot , Section 7 , grave 4196 ) . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa , Canada .
Jock column During World War II , " Jock columns " were small combined arms groups of armoured car s , artillery , and motorised infantry , generally drawn from the 7th Armoured Division . They were used in the North Africa campaign by the British Army ' s Western Desert Force to harass Italian forces . They were named after an officer who was a superb exponent of the tactic and may possibly have conceived it originally , Lieutenant Colonel " Jock " Campbell .