naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Eugène Vaulot Eugène Vaulot was a Frenchman with the rank of Unterscharführer in the Waffen SS during World War II , who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Early life . Eugene Vaulot was born in Paris in 1923 . He trained to be an electrician , then volunteered to join the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism ( L . V . F . ) , taking part in the fighting at Lake Djukovo on the outskirts of Moscow in the winter of 1941 / 42 . He was then involved in anti - partisan duties on the central Eastern Front , before being partially disabled from wounds which forced him to leave the L . V . F . in 1943 with the rank of Obergefreiter . Career . Not content with civilian life in 1944 he again volunteered for service , this time with the German Navy and was made a squad leader with 3rd Platoon , 4th Company , 28th Schiffstammabteilung , which would be incorporated virtually intact into the 33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne ( 1st French ) in the autumn of 1944 . Awards . During the subsequent battles for Elsenau , Pomerania and Kolberg he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st class for his " fearless and dynamic conduct " . Vaulot proved to be an expert at close combat and was a skilled practitioner of anti - tank warfare with hand - held weapons and was held in high esteem by his commanding officers . During the Battle of Berlin , after Vaulot destroyed two tanks in the Neukoelln sector , he jested to his comrades that he had done so " just to get in shape for the battles yet to come . " In the following battles he personally destroyed another six tanks that had been advancing on the Reich Chancellery and the Führerbunker . This deed brought him the nomination of the Knight ’ s Cross by SS - Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke which was personally bestowed upon him on 29 April 1945 by SS - Brigadeführer , Gustav Krukenberg . Death . Eugene Vaulot was killed in action by a Red Army sniper on 2 May 1945 , just two days after being awarded the Knight ' s Cross , and less than a week before the German surrender .
Special Patrol Insertion / Extraction The Special Patrol Insertion / Extraction ( SPIE ) system was developed as a means to rapidly insert and / or extract a reconnaissance patrol from an area that does not permit a helicopter to land . SPIE has application for rough terrain as well as water inserts / extracts . It is an adaption of the Vietnam War - era STABO rig . Generally , the SPIE rope is lowered into the pickup area from a hovering helicopter . Patrol personnel , each wearing a harness with an attached carabiner , hook up to a D - ring inserted in the SPIE rope . A second safety line is attached to a second D - ring located above the first . The helicopter lifts vertically from an extract zone until the rope and personnel are clear of obstructions , then proceeds in forward flight to a secure insert zone . The rope and personnel are treated as an external load and airspeeds , altitudes , and oscillations must be monitored . The United States Coast Guard uses a similar technique to board ships when speed and stealth are required . History . The Special Personnel Insertion / Extraction was first designed by the Marines of 1st Force Reconnaissance Company , the Marine division ' s 1st Reconnaissance Battalion , and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing riggers . They created and combat tested several versions of the SPIE before it was officially recommended to be tested . In May 1970 , the commanding general of 3rd Marine Amphibious Force coordinated input from the 1st Marine Division and his 1st Marine Air Wing . A request was sent to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and to the Development Center for certification of the SPIE rig and to its safety and use . The parachute test jumpers of the Naval Parachute Unit ( NPU ) and Marine Corps , all qualified parachutist designers and engineers , assembled together at El Centro for the initial testing and evaluation of the SPIE rig . After a few test dummies were tried , Marine Major Bruce F . Meyers , along with four Navy NPU parachutist engineers , successfully attempted the first flight on the SPIE assembly . This rig has made escapes and rescues much easier . Reference " citation needed at end of history : See also . See : 1st Force Reconnaissance Company , Command Chronology , 1969 ( recorded by month ) US Marine Corps History Division Vietnam War Documents Collection , the Vietnam Center and Archive , Texas Tech University Patrol reports cite numerous instances of use of SPIE to extract when helo sit - down or ramp touchdown not possible .
USS Alameda ( SP - 1040 ) " Note : This ship should not be confused with the steamer " Alameda " , considered for World War I service as USS " Alameda " ( ID - 1432 ) , but also never acquired or commissioned . " USS " Alameda " ( SP - 1040 ) was the proposed designation for an motorboat that never actually served in the United States Navy . " Alameda " was a private motorboat built in 1917 by the Western Boat Building Company at Tacoma , Washington , probably for use as a fishing vessel . In the spring of 1917 , the U . S . Navy inspected her in for possible World War I service as a patrol boat , and she was registered accordingly with the naval section patrol designation SP - 1040 . Though her official data card describes her as " brand new well and staunchly built " and contains a note that she was reported to have been delivered to the Navy and commissioned on 2 June 1917 . However , no records exist that show that the Navy never took possession of or commissioned " Alameda " , and she appears to have had no naval service .
Action of 30 May 1563 The Action of 30 May 1563 was the first naval battle of the Northern Seven Years ' War ( 1563 – 70 ) , taking place on 30 May 1563 near Bornholm . A Danish squadron of 10 ships under Jacob Brockenhuus , at anchor near Bornholm , saw a Swedish squadron of 19 ships , under Jakob Bagge , approaching , and sent only the 3 ships " Hercules " 81 ( flag ) , " Hector " 38 and " Hjort " 46 toward it to show that they didn ' t want to fight . Unfortunately , when firing 3 shots as a challenge , they managed to hit one of the Swedish ships . The Swedes promptly surrounded and attacked the Danes , capturing all 3 after a 4 hour fight . The remaining Danish ships remained at anchor .
Beriev Be - 6 The Beriev Be - 6 ( USAF / DoD reporting name " Type 34 " , NATO reporting name " Madge " ) was a flying boat produced by the Soviet Beriev OKB . It was capable of accomplishing a wide variety of missions , such as long - range maritime reconnaissance , coastal and supply line patrols , torpedo / bombing strikes , mine - laying , and transport operations . Design and Development . The Be - 6 was a gull - winged aircraft with twin oval vertical stabilizers on top of a deep fuselage . The aircraft was of all - metal construction except for fabric covering the rudders and ailerons . The fuselage was divided into eight watertight compartments to improve survivability . The engines were installed in the bends of the wings with the floats on an underwing cantilever rack . Each float was divided into four watertight compartments . Operational history . The Be - 6 was built from 1949 to 1957 at the Beriev plant in Taganrog . The aircraft went through 19 variants through its production cycle , and 123 aircraft were eventually built . Since requirements of Soviet naval aircraft did not change rapidly , the reliable Be - 6 stayed in service until the late 1960s . Some aircraft ended service as civilian unarmed transports in Arctic regions . One survivor is preserved at the Ukraine State Aviation Museum in Kyiv , Ukraine . Beriev Be - 6s operated by the Peoples Republic of China PLANAF proved useful in patrolling the long coastline and huge territorial waters off China ' s coast . During the 1970s the original Shvetsov radial engines began to wear out with no replacements available , so several aircraft were re - engined with Wopen WJ - 6 turboprop engines , in new nacelles , for a new lease of life and were redesignated Qing - 6 .
14 cm / 40 11th Year Type naval gun The 14 cm / 40 11th Year Type naval gun was the standard surface battery for Japanese submarine cruisers of World War II . Most carried single guns , but Junsen type submarine s carried two . Japanese submarines " I - 7 " and " I - 8 " carried an unusual twin mounting capable of elevating to 40° . Eleventh year type refers to the horizontal sliding breech block on these guns . Breech block design began in 1922 AD , the eleventh year of the " Taishō " period . The gun fired a projectile in diameter , and the barrel was 40 caliber s long ( barrel length is 14 cm x 40 = 560 centimeters or 220 inches ) . Coastal bombardment of North America . This gun was the weapon used by " I - 17 " to sink " SS Emidio " and to later shell the Ellwood Oil Field near Santa Barbara , California . It was also used by " I - 25 " for the Bombardment of Fort Stevens in Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River and by " I - 26 " to shell the Estevan Point lighthouse in British Columbia . Similar weapon . A longer - barreled 14 cm / 50 3rd Year Type naval gun was used aboard surface ships and for coastal defense . The 40 caliber 11th Year Type guns were intended for use against destroyers , and fired base - fuzed projectiles with thinner shell walls allowing a larger bursting charge than the 50 caliber 3rd Year Type guns for potential use against armored ships . The lower velocity 40 caliber gun had a useful life expectancy of 800 to 1000 effective full charge s ( EFC ) per barrel .
Sébastien Bigot de Morogues Sébastien - François Bigot , vicomte de Morogues , ( 1 March 1706 , Brest , France – 26 August 1781 , Villefallier , near Orléans , Loiret ) , was a French soldier and sailor and military naval tactician . Life . An artillery specialist , he served in the Royal - Artillerie then the French Navy . In 1759 , he commanded the 70 gun " Le Magnifique " , including at the Battle of Quiberon Bay . He was the first director of the Académie de Marine . In 1763 , he published " Tactique navale " , which was of such quality that it quickly became known in English and Dutch translations . He was made a lieutenant - general in the Navy in 1771 . Works . " Granted a vast curiosity , he was the author of several scientific mémoire s on naval construction , crews ' health , manoeuvres and artillery presented to the Académie de marine or the Académie des sciences . With Duhamel du Monceau he also conceived of a project for an encyclopaedia of maritime knowledge " Honours . At least three roads in Brittany bear his name , according to the 1997 book " Les Noms qui ont fait l ' histoire de Bretagne " .
Thomas M . Anderson Thomas McArthur Anderson ( January 21 , 1836 – May 8 , 1917 ) was a career officer in the United States Army who served as a general in the Spanish - American War and the Philippine - American War . Biography . Early Life and Civil War . Anderson was born in Chillicothe , Ohio . He attended the Cincinnati School of Law and was admitted to the bar in Cincinnati . When the Civil War broke out , Anderson enlisted in the volunteer army as a private in the 6th Ohio Volunteer Infantry . Under the influences of his uncle , Robert Anderson of Fort Sumter fame , he received a commission in the Regular Army as second lieutenant in the 2nd U . S . Cavalry . Shortly after he was promoted to captain in the 12th U . S . Infantry . He received brevet promotions to major for the Wilderness and lieutenant colonel for Spotsylvania . He stayed in the regular army after the war ' s end . He served in the 10th U . S . Infantry , 9th U . S . Infantry and finally rose to the rank of colonel of the 14th U . S . Infantry on September 6 , 1886 . In February 1897 Anderson and 100 soldiers of the 14th set up a base in Skagway and Dyea , Alaska at the start of the Klondike gold rush to protect miners along the trails into Canada as well as to keep watch on the border . At the start of the Spanish - American war he asked for and received reassignment . Spanish - American War . Anderson was appointed brigadier general of U . S . Volunteers on May 4 , 1898 . He took command of the first " Philippine Expeditionary Force " during the Spanish - American War . His troops were the first to land in the Philippines following George Dewey ' s naval victory there . Major General Wesley Merritt had been appointed as the overall U . S . Army commander in the Philippines and arrived with the third Philippine Expeditionary Force . Merritt reorganized the three expeditionary forces into the VIII Corps . The VIII Corps amounted to only one division at the time which was unusually designated the 2nd Division . Anderson was given division command with Brigadier Generals Francis V . Greene and Arthur MacArthur brigade commands . Anderson fought at the battle of Manila against the Spanish . He was promoted to major general of U . S . Volunteers on August 13 , 1898 . Philippine - American War . When the Spanish - American War ended , Anderson stayed in Manila where he was placed in command of the 1st Division , VIII Corps and saw action in the 1899 Battle of Manila during the Philippine - American War . After the U . S . forces broke the Filipino siege , Anderson led his division in minor engagements at Santana , San Pedro and Guadalupe . In March 1899 , he was given the rank of brigadier general in the Regular Army . General Anderson was a Veteran Companion of both the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and the Military Order of Foreign Wars . He retired in 1900 and died 17 years later in Portland , Oregon . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Shintarō Hashimoto , was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Biography . Hashimoto was born in Wakayama prefecture . He graduated from the 41st class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1913 . He was ranked 43rd in a class of 118 cadets . As a midshipman , he was assigned to the cruisers " Asama " and " Chikuma " . On receiving his commission as ensign , he was assigned back to " Chikuma " , then to " Yahagi " . After attending torpedo school and naval artillery school , Hashimoto served on the destroyer " Kamekaze " . He was promoted to lieutenant in 1919 , and served on the destroyer " Kaede " , as executive officer on destroyer " Hasu " , chief torpedo officer on destroyer " Okikaze " and ( in 1923 ) , captain of the destroyer " Nashi " . After graduating from the 24th class of Naval Staff College in 1924 and his promotion to lieutenant commander , Hashimoto was assigned to the staff of the Kure Naval District . He was promoted to commander in 1930 . Hashimoto served as commander of various destroyer task forces through the 1930s , winning promotion to captain in 1935 . He was Chief of Staff of the Ryojun Guard District from 1937 – 1939 , and assumed command of the cruiser " Chikuma " from 1939 – 1940 and battleship " Hyūga " from 1940 - 1941 . He was promoted to rear admiral on 15 October 1941 . At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor , Hashimoto was in command of the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla , covering landings of Japanese forces in Malaya . From August until late - November , 1942 , he commanded Tokyo Express missions during the Guadalcanal Campaign . In January 1943 , Hashimoto ' s destroyers participated in “ Operation Ke ” , and successfully evacuated 11 , 700 surviving Japanese troops from Guadalcanal . From March to October 1943 , Hashimoto received a shore assignment and became Commandant of the Torpedo School . Assigned to command the 5th Cruiser Division in November 1943 , he was promoted to vice admiral on 15 October 1944 . From his flagship , the cruiser " Haguro " , he commanded the 5th Cruiser Division , which was defeated by Royal Navy warships during the Battle of the Malacca Strait on 16 May 1945 . " Haguro " and the destroyer " Kamikaze " were in the Bay of Bengal off the northern tip of Sumatra attempting to transport food and supplies to the Japanese garrison in the Andaman Islands when they were ambushed by five British destroyers . During the battle , " Haguro " was hit repeatedly by torpedoes and gunfire . When she sank , Admiral Hashimoto was not among the survivors .
121st New York Infantry The 121st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment , commonly known as the " Onesers " , was a volunteer regiment recruited during the American Civil War from Otsego County and Herkimer County , New York . The Hon . Richard Franchot was appointed colonel of the regiment and authorized to establish his headquarters at Richfield Springs , Otsego County . He proceeded without delay to organize the regiment , and on August 23 , 1862 the regiment was mustered into the service of the Union Army . The command at that time consisted of 39 officers and 946 enlisted men . The 121st Regiment proceeded to Washington , arriving there on the morning of September 3 , and was assigned provisionally to a brigade under Colonel Gibson with headquarters at Fort Lincoln . On the march to the South Mountain and Antietam battlefields the regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade , First Division , Sixth Corps and remained with the command during its entire term of service . Colonel Richard Franchot resigned on September 25 , 1862 and selected Colonel Emory Upton , at the time a first lieutenant in the Regular army , under whose command the regiment made a record second to none in the Army of the Potomac . Organization . The companies were recruited principally from these towns and organized by region : References . " Final Report on the Battlefield of Gettysburg ( New York at Gettysburg ) " by the New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga . Albany , NY : J . B . Lyon Company , 1902
Convention of 1800 The Convention of 1800 , , also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine , was a treaty between the United States of America and France to settle the hostilities that had erupted during the Quasi - War . The Quasi - War , waged primarily in the Caribbean , had existed since the American delegation to France , arriving in 1797 , had been told that America had to pay $ 250 , 000 to see — not negotiate with — the French ambassador . This incident , known as the XYZ Affair , was scandalous in America , infuriating both the Hamiltonians and the Jeffersonians . French warships seized American merchant ships in the Caribbean , and American privateers retaliated against French shipping . By 1800 , both sides wanted the incident buried , and so the end of hostilities in the Caribbean generally proceeded as smoothly as the end of the Franco - American alliance . The French , at the time , were at war with Britain and did not want the neutral United States drawn in on either side ; a belligerent America allied with France would be quickly crushed by the British navy while a neutral America would be able to supply the French with desperately needed grain . The United States , for the same reasons , wished to remain neutral . Since both parties had the same goal in mind , the Convention of 1800 resulted in a peaceful cessation of the alliance between the two countries ( the alliance had no " expiration date " built in , so waiting until the alliance dissolved itself was impossible ) . U . S . President John Adams sent a commission composed of William Vans Murray , Oliver Ellsworth , and William Richardson Davie to negotiate the agreement . The Convention of 1800 terminated the only formal treaty of alliance the United States had signed ; it would be nearly a century and a half before the United States entered into another formal alliance . This decision was strongly influenced by George Washington ' s ' farewell address ' of four years earlier , together with new President John Adams ' strongly independent foreign policy stance , particularly regarding European colonial powers . Depredations against American shipping committed by the French during the Quasi - War led to claims against France that were relinquished by the terms of the Treaty . Since the claims against France were no longer valid , claimants continually petitioned Congress for the relief that had been waived . It was not until January 20 , 1885 that a law was passed , 23 Stat . 283 , that provided for consideration of the matter before the United States Court of Claims . The lead case , " Gray v . United States " , 21 Ct . Cl . 340 , was decided May 17 , 1886 in favor of the plaintiff , with the recommendation that Congress pay the claim . The cases continued in the court until 1915 . The Convention of 1800 established , among other things : The treaty was officially signed on September 30 , 1800 , and was proclaimed after being ratified by both countries on December 21 , 1801 .
RAF Cottam RAF Cottam was a Royal Air Force station near Cottam in the East Riding of Yorkshire , England and north west of Driffield , East Riding of Yorkshire . History . Despite being built as a bomber airfield as a satellite to RAF Driffield , poor weather conditions meant it was never used as an airfield . Cottam ' s watch office was demolished in 1980 . The airfield operated until June 1954 . The airfield was then used by RAF Maintenance Command as No . 91 Maintenance Unit RAF ( MU ) used the runways and buildings for bomb storage . Current use . The airfield is currently farmland with little remaining buildings spread over the entire site and the dispersed areas however the traces of the runways and dispersals can be seen from the air when using a time rollback feature . RAF Cottam has a unique to fame as the ' virtual ' airfield for RAF Air Traffic Controller simulator training at RAF Shawbury .