naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Erwin Rostin Erwin Rostin ( 8 October 1907 in Güstrow – killed in action 1 July 1942 in Atlantic Ocean ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He is numbered thirty - one in the list of U - Boat ace s of World War II . Career . Rostin joined the German Navy in 1933 and served eight years on minesweepers . He was transferred to submarine training in 1941 . Rostin sailed for his first combat patrol as commander of on 7 February 1942 , sinking five ships ( 38 , 785 tons ) , including the SS " Empire Celt " , and damaging two ( 15 , 264 tons ) of the east coast of the United States His second and last patrol ( 4 May – 30 June 1942 ) , took him into the Gulf of Mexico where " U - 158 " sank 12 ships ( 62 , 536 tons ) , one of the most successful patrols in the " Kriegsmarine " . However it ended with the sinking of " U - 158 " by a United States Navy PBM Mariner bomber , with all hands lost , at . In five months Rostin sank 17 ships for a total of 101 , 321 GRT , and damaged two others for a total of 15 , 264 GRT . Summary of career . Ships attacked . Erwin Rostin as commander of " U - 158 " sank 17 merchant ships totalling , and damaged another two of .
Begleit - Bataillon Reichsführer - SS Begleit - Bataillon Reichsführer - SS was formed in May 1941 from Himmler ' s personal escort . The Begleit - Bataillon fought on the eastern front during Operation Barbarossa . Further , when " SS - Brigadeführer " Wilhelm Mohnke formed " Kampfgruppe Mohnke " ( Battle Group Mohnke ) during the " Battle of Berlin " it was made up in part by 600 men from this battalion . Composition . Composition – May 1941 :
Polikarpov VIT - 1 The Polikarpov VIT - 1 ( — Flying Tank Destroyer ) was a Soviet twin - engined multi - purpose aircraft developed before World War II . One prototype was built in 1937 , with an extremely heavy armament for ground attack duties . That was the only example built as it was decided to revise the design with more powerful engines as the VIT - 2 . Development . The Polikarpov design bureau ( OKB ) was ordered , in 1936 , to begin development of a fast twin - engined aircraft that could be used for ground attack duties and as a heavy fighter . It delivered the ground attack version the following year for evaluation , although it could be modified as necessary for other roles . The VIT - 1 was reasonably successful , but it was decided to give it more powerful engines and modify its structure . The improved aircraft was designated as the VIT - 2 . The VIT - 1 was a low - winged , twin - engined aircraft with a mixed structure . The monocoque fuselage was made in halves of ' shpon ' , molded birch plywood . The wing and tail structures were built from a mix of steel tubes and duralumin with a duralumin skin . The VIT - 1 had the first metal - skinned control surfaces in the USSR . The main legs of the conventional landing gear retracted aft into the engine nacelles , but the tailwheel was fixed . The nose was extensively glazed to give the bombardier / navigator good visibility and he was armed with a ShVAK cannon with 10° of vertical travel . The rear gunner / radio operator sat behind the pilot in a manually operated turret armed with a ShKAS machine gun . Two Shpitalnyi Sh - 37 cannon were mounted in the wing roots with very prominent barrels . Up to of bombs could be carried internally in the fuselage or a pair of FAB - 500 bombs could be carried under the wings . It used a pair of Klimov M - 103 inline engines driving 3 - bladed propellers .
VLEGA Gaucho The VLEGA Gaucho is a light general purpose 4x4 vehicle , capable of being transported by air ( VLEGA is the acronym for " Vehiculo Ligero de Empleos Generales Aerotransportable " , the vehicle ' s type denomination in Spanish ) . It was developed jointly by Argentina and Brazil in the 2000s for employment by their armies . It will fulfill several roles , among them : cargo / transport , reconnaissance , ambulance , special operations . History . The prototype of Light Vehicle Employment General Aerotransportável was presented March 27 , 2006 , at Army Headquarters in Brasília - DF , for the Brazilian Army Commander , General Francisco Roberto de Albuquerque , and the Chief of General Staff of the Argentine Army , General Roberto Fernando Bendini . The Car Light Employment is the initial design of the Scientific and Technological Exchanges between the armies of Brazil and Argentina . This exchange implements within the Army , the Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation signed between the governments of Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil , on May 17 , 1980 . In Brazil the project is being conducted by the Technological Center of the Army ( CTEx ) and in Argentina by the Dirección de Investigación Desarrollo y Producción Army in that country . The project began in April 2004 when it was held in Rio de Janeiro , the first working meeting , which were agreed Technical Requirements Operating a car that should meet . The definition of principal components , the layout of the car and the responsibilities of each work team was the first step to achieving the vehicle Argentina / Brazil . The engine , gearboxes and differentials and transfer , produced in Brazil , were sent to the Argentine team that designed the tubular frame and independent suspension . The prototype semi - mounted arrived in Brazil on June 16 , 2005 , for completion of work carried out in the workshops of War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro . The car is performing engineering tests at the Center for reviews of the Army ( CAEX ) and soon will undergo technical and operational assessments , according to modern methods of assessment of the Brazilian Army . The car has been designed to meet the requirements about sixty previously defined by the two hosts . This is a car with great versatility , being able to have civilian jobs , which will be used primarily for airmobile units , since its design allows the vehicles to be stacked and transported by aircraft type C - 130 . The independent suspension , great progress in the 4 - wheel and 4x4 traction , combined with a powerful engine , enables high tactical mobility in any terrain . The car will fulfill missions in development of supply , transport equipment , evacuation of wounded , launching of wireless , reconnaissance , command and control , airborne operations and special situations .
38th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 38th Infantry Division ( German : " 38 . Infanteriedivision " ) was a German Army infantry division in World War II . Formed in July 1942 , it existed for a little over 15 months before being effectively destroyed in fighting on the Eastern Front in November 1943 . History . The 38th Infantry Division was formed in July 1942 under the command of Generalleutnant Friedrich - Georg Eberhardt . After serving garrison duty in The Hague shortly after its formation , the division was transferred to Occupied France . It was based at Saint - Nazaire on the west coast , as part of the 7th Army . Transferred to the Eastern Front in early 1943 , the division was engaged in various actions against the Russian Army . By September , the division had been reduced to little more than regiment size and it came under the operational control of the 62nd Infantry Division . Losses incurred during the Battle of the Dnieper meant that the 38th Infantry Division officially ceased to exist on 14 November 1943 . The surviving members of the division were transferred to the 276th Infantry Division .
PAF Base Mianwali PAF Base Mianwali is a Pakistan Air Force airbase located at Mianwali , in the Punjab province of Pakistan . History . Originally a World War II airstrip , it was decided that Mianwali would be upgraded into a satellite airbase for PAF Base Mushaf ( then PAF Base Sargodha ) during the 1965 Indo - Pak War to act as an alternate recovery airfield . PAFB Mianwali became operational in October 1971 and was first commanded by Group Captain S . M . Dutta . Aircraft of different types , including the Shenyang F - 6 , were operated from the base during the 1971 Indo - Pak War . Pilots and anti - aircraft gunners of PAFB Mianwali shot down 5 enemy aircraft during that conflict , the first three days of which the base came under regular attacks . PAFB Mianwali was again upgraded to a permanent operational airbase in August 1974 , although construction of facilities was not completed for another three years . The first base commander was Wing Commander Sultan Muhammad . During November 1975 , the No . 1 Fighter Conversion Unit ( FCU ) was transferred to PAFB Mianwali from PAF Base Masroor where it began fighter conversion training using the FT - 5 dual - seat training aircraft . Over 500 fighter pilots have graduated since . In November 1976 , No . 14 Squadron was transferred to PAFB Mianwali for operational conversion of graduates of the No . 1 Fighter Conversion Unit from dual - seat to the Shenyang F - 6 single - seat fighter aircraft . When No . 14 Squadron was selected to operate the F - 16 in August 1986 , it was transferred away from PAFB Mianwali and replaced by No . 25 Squadron . Further construction of facilities and transfer of units to the base took place during the 1980s . On January 5 , 2012 , No 1 Fighter Conversion Unit re - equipped , after end of long and illustrious services rendered by veteran Chinese FT - 5 fighter trainer aircraft . No 1 FCU , is now being re - equipped with modern state - of - the - art K - 8P fighter trainer aircraft . Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman , Chief of the Air Staff , Pakistan Air Force was the Chief Guest at the occasion . In this regard the advanced and focused training at No 1 FCU on K - 8P aircraft would assist Pakistan Air Force to remain an air force second to none .
Battle of Vilnius ( 1655 ) The Battle of Vilnius , battle of Wilno , or battle of Vilna was an attack by Russia n and Cossack forces of Vilnius ( Wilno ) , the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth , that occurred between the 7 and 9 August 1655 ( sources vary : Davies states 28 July , Frost 8 August , Black 9 August ) , during the Russo - Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ) . The Polish - Lithuanian forces under the leadership of hetman Janusz Radziwiłł were defeated by the Russian army of Alexis of Russia . It was the first time that a foreign power managed to capture the Vilnius Castle Complex . Invading forces plundered the city for several days , and a fire consumed part of the city ; in particular the Jewish quarter was burned by the Cossacks and many Jews were killed . Davies gives an estimate of 20 , 000 inhabitants killed in " an indiscriminate slaughter " . Some scholars have suggested that certain relics , as well as the body of Vytautas the Great , were lost during the plundering of Vilnius Cathedral . The six year Muscovite occupation that followed resulted in a major depopulation and a decline of the town for many years to come . Defeat at the battle of Vilnius was one of the reasons Janusz Radziwiłł and several other Lithuanian magnates surrendered the Grand Duchy to Sweden at the Union of Kėdainiai .
USS Hunting ( LSM - 398 ) USS " Hunting " ( E - AG - 398 ) was an of the United States Navy . Launched as the " LSM - 398 " by Charleston Naval Yard , on 6 January 1945 ; sponsored by Mrs . T . B . Thompson ; and commissioned on 6 August 1945 , Lieutenant L . L . Walters in command . Service history . Landing ship , 1945 – 1953 . Based at Little Creek , Virginia , the ship operated as a part of the Amphibious Fleet in the Atlantic , taking part in many training assaults ( such as " Exercise Seminole " in 1947 ) in the Caribbean Sea and on the Atlantic coast . Sonar research ship , 1954 – 1962 . In June 1953 , she began a conversion to sonar research ship at Norfolk , Virginia and following completion she reported to Operational Development Force on 1 October 1954 . In late 1954 , the ship started a new career developing and testing experimental sonar equipment in conjunction with the United States Naval Research Laboratory . She was reclassified E - AG - 398 and assigned the name " Hunting " on 13 June 1957 . The ship ' s testing and evaluation activities took her from the Naval Research Laboratory near Washington into the Chesapeake Bay , the coastal waters off the Virginia Capes , and the Caribbean . She played a vital part in the development of new and better sonar equipment for the US Navy . She was modified to have an internal well measuring by for handling scientific equipment in the center of the vessel . This was a unique feature for USN Research vessels at the time . During 1961 the ship was severely limited by mechanical problems and was finally decommissioned on 23 November 1962 at Portsmouth , Virginia . She was sold on 30 July 1963 to Commercial Manufacturing Corp . , Kansas City , Missouri where she was finally broken up between 1980 and 1989 .
Wolf pack Tümmler Tümmler ( English : " Dolphin " ) was a wolf pack of German U - boat s that operated from October 1 – 11 , 1942 in World War II . This pack was sent into the Mediterranean Sea from their French bases and all of them succeeded in getting through the Strait of Gibraltar safely .
USS Kermoor ( 1907 ) USS " Kermoor " was a United States Navy cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919 . Construction , early career , acquisition , and commissioning . " Kermoor " was built in 1907 at Sunderland , England , by J . L . Thompson and Sons , Ltd . as the Austro - Hungarian commercial cargo ship SS " Morawitz " . Upon the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , she took refuge at Galveston , Texas , in the then - neutral United States to avpid capture or destruction by Allied forces . When the United States took control of all Central Powers merchant ships in its ports in April 1917 when it entered the war on the side of the Allies , it seized German ships and acquired all the Austro - Hungarian merchant ships in its own and other Western Hemisphere ports , although since there was no state of war with Austria - Hungary this was accomplished by purchase . Eight former Austro - Hungarian cargo ships thus became the property of the Kerr Navigation Company of New York City . Kerr Navigation gave them all names beginning with " Ker , " SS " Morawitz " becoming SS " Kermoor " . The United States Army took control of " Kermoor " on 14 March 1918 for World War I service . The U . S . Navy acquired her from the Army at Cardiff , Wales , on 1 November 1918 and commissioned her the same day as USS " Kermoor " with Lieutenant Commander T . Cartwright , USNRF , in command . Unlike most commercial ships commissioned into U . S . Navy service during World War I , " Kermoor " never received a naval registry Identification Number ( Id . No . ) . United States Navy service . Operated by the Navy under Army account , " Kermoor " served out of Cardiff , carrying coal and military supplies between British and French ports until 1 March 1919 . Detached from this cross - English Channel service on 1 March 1919 , " Kermoor " departed Queenstown , Ireland , for the United States on 6 March 1919 with a cargo of military stores . She reached Baltimore , Maryland , on 27 March 1919 , then departed for New York City on 21 April 1919 . She arrived there on 23 April 1919 and discharged her cargo . " Kermoor " was decommissioned at Hoboken , New Jersey , on 5 May 1919 and transferred to the United States Shipping Board the same day for simultaneous return to the Kerr Navigation Company . Later career . " Kermoor " resumed commercial operations as SS " Kermoor " . In 1921 , she was transferred to the Hungarian flag and resumed the name SS " Morawitz " . She was transferred to the British flag and became SS " Purley Oaks " in 1927 . She was scrapped at Rosyth , Scotland , in 1936 .
William Fechteler William Morrow Fechteler ( 6 March 1896 - 4 July 1967 ) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served as Chief of Naval Operations during the Eisenhower administration . He was the son of Rear Admiral Augustus F . Fechteler . Biography . Born in San Rafael , California , Fechteler graduated from the U . S . Naval Academy with the class of 1916 and served in the battleship " Pennsylvania " ( BB - 38 ) during World War I . Over the following two decades , Fechteler had a variety of seagoing and shore billets , including several staff positions and command of the destroyer " Perry " ( DD - 340 ) . In 1942 - 43 , Captain Fechteler served in the Bureau of Navigation ( later Bureau of Naval Personnel ) , then commanded the battleship " Indiana " ( BB - 58 ) in the Pacific . Promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral in early 1944 , he was Commander of the Seventh Fleet ' s Amphibious Group 8 from August 1944 to March 1945 , participating in landings at Morotai , Leyte , Lingayen and elsewhere in the Philippines . He spent the rest of 1945 as Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel , in Washington , D . C . , followed by service as Commander , Battleships & Cruisers , Atlantic Fleet . As a Vice Admiral , he was Deputy Chief of Naval Operations , Personnel , from February 1947 until January 1950 and , as an Admiral ( 1 February 1950 ) , was Commander in Chief , Atlantic and U . S . Atlantic Fleet in February 1950 - August 1951 . In August 1951 , Admiral Fechteler was appointed Chief of Naval Operations , succeeding Admiral Forrest P . Sherman , who had died in office in July . As CNO , Fechteler was responsible for sustaining Korean War - era naval activities in the Far East and in the European area . He made two trips across the Atlantic in 1951 - 52 and one to Asia . He continued the Navy ' s building program for new aircraft carrier s in the face of economy moves and to expand pay and benefits for the Navy ' s people . When the President Dwight D . Eisenhower took office in 1953 , he chose to replace all the Armed Forces ' chiefs . In August 1953 , Admiral Fechteler exchanged positions with the new CNO , Admiral Robert B . Carney , becoming Commander in Chief , Allied Forces , Southern Europe . He served at that command ' s Naples headquarters until July 1956 , when he retired . Over the next several years , Fechteler served on a special Defense Department study committee on personnel compensation and worked for the General Electric Company . Namesakes . USS " Fechteler " ( DE - 157 ) and USS " Fechteler " ( DD - 870 ) were named for his father , Rear Admiral Augustus F . Fechteler . Decorations . Admiral William M . Fechteler´s ribbon bar :
Elias Wright Elias Wright ( June 22 , 1830 – January 2 , 1901 ) was an American Union brevet brigadier general during the period of the American Civil War . He was commissioned as a second lieutenant on August 17 , 1861 and was promoted to first lieutenant five months later . He participated in the Peninsular Campaign and was captured at the Battle of Gaines Mill . He later fought at Second Bull Run and South Mountain . He was promoted to captain on December 13 , 1863 , led a company at the Battle of Chancellorsville , but he soon month later was appointed major of a newly formed Union Colored regiment . He was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and colonel . He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to January 15 , 1865 . Originally a native of Durham , New York , he moved to Atlantic City , New Jersey in 1852 , the city where he died in 1901 .
Glenbuchat Castle Glenbuchat Castle is an historic Z plan Scottish castle built in 1590 for John Gordon of Cairnbarrow to mark his wedding . It is located above the River Don , near Kildrummy , Aberdeenshire . The building is roofless , but otherwise in fairly good repair . The family sold the castle in 1738 , and it remained in private hands until the 20th century . James William Barclay bought the castle in 1901 , and Colonel James Barclay Milne , his grandson , placed it in state care in 1946 . A local club purchased the surrounding parkland in 1948 and gifted it to the state to ensure that the castle ' s surroundings would remain intact . Both the castle and the surrounding land are managed by Historic Scotland .
Liberton Tower Liberton Tower is a four - storey , square - plan tower house in Edinburgh , Scotland , situated in the suburb of Liberton on the east side of the Braid Hills . The 15th century structure is well preserved and was restored in 1994 . It was originally owned by the Dalmahoy family , whose crest emblem appears on a carved panel on the south wall . It passed to a branch of the Forrester family of Corstorphine , before being sold to the Provost of Edinburgh , William Little , in 1587 . Little built the nearby Liberton House , and the castle was abandoned in 1610 , being subsequently used for agricultural storage .
PDU - 5B dispenser unit The PDU - 5 / B is an aircraft - deployed leaflet dispenser unit . It is derived from the CBU - 100 " Rockeye " Cluster Bomb , developed by the US Air Force circa 1999 . It was used successfully in Afghanistan and Iraq to distribute leaflets .
1700th Air Transport Group The 1700th Air Transport Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the Continental Division , Military Air Transport Service , stationed at Kelly Air Force Base , Texas . It was inactivated on 1 May 1957 . History . Established at Kelly Field after World War II concurrently with the establishment of the Military Air Transport Service Continental Division Headquarters . With Material Command ' s large aircraft depot maintenance and supply facilities at Kelly , provided worldwide transport of supplies and equipment to all parts of the world . Operated large fleets of C - 54s , C - 97s and primarily C - 124 Globemaster II transports , frequently forming transport squadrons then once trained and equipped would reassign them to new MATS organizations . During the 1950s , the 1700th operated most of the MATS transport aircraft as well as passenger aircraft . Inactivated in May 1957 when Air Force Logistics Command became controlling organization at Kelly AFB , and MATS realigned its organization to focus more on overseas transports and the inactivation of its Continental Division .
HMS Defender ( 1809 ) HMS " Defender " was the French privateer lugger " Beau Marseille " , which captured in 1809 . She served without distinction in Home Waters for slightly more than three years before being sold in 1814 . Career . " Royalist " captured " Beau Marseille " on 10 December 1809 . She was armed with 14 guns , had a crew of 60 men and was three months old . Commander John Maxwell , captain of " Royalist " , described her as " a very beautiful vessel " and " one of the fastest sailers out of Boulogne . " The Royal Navy took " Beau Marseille " into service as " Defender " . From 15 February to 16 March 1811 she underwent fitting out at Sheerness . In January 1811 Lieutenant Moses Cannadey RN commissioned her for The Downs . On 24 June 1813 " Defender " captured the " Hope " . Fate . " Defender " was offered for sale in August 1814 . She was sold at Chatham for ₤280 on 1 September 1814 .