naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Oskar Zimmermann Oskar Zimmermann ( 6 December 1917 – 12 June 1976 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He received this award after 28 aerial victories — that is , 28 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft . During his career Oskar Zimmermann was credited with 34 victories in over 580 combat missions , 28 of which claimed on the Western Front including 14 heavy bomber s .
Sampson Medal The Sampson Medal is a commemorative medal of the United States Navy for service in the Spanish - American War . The medal was authorized by an Act of Congress in 1901 . The medal was awarded to those personnel who served on ships in the fleet of Rear Admiral William T . Sampson during combat operations in the waters of the West Indies and Cuba . The Sampson Medal was also known as the Medal Commemorating Naval Engagements in the West Indies or West Indies Naval Campaign Medal , not to be confused with the West Indies Campaign Medal which was a separate award . A similar commemorative decoration was the Dewey Medal , considered senior to the Sampson Medal . Creation . The Sampson Medal was first authorized by a Joint resolution of the United States Congress on March 3 , 1901 . The resolution authorized the Secretary of the Navy to have produced bronze medals to commemorate naval engagements in the West Indies and on the shores of Cuba during the Spanish - American War . The medal was to be presented to the officers and men of the United States Navy and Marine Corps who participated in engagements and battles that were deemed to be of sufficient importance to merit their commemoration . The resolution also stipulated that those who might be eligible for recognition for participation in more than one engagement would not receive a second medal , but would receive a " bronze bar bronze bar appropriately inscribed , to be attached to the ribbon by which the medal is suspended . " Appearance . The obverse of the medal was designed by Charles E . Barber . It depicts a bust of Admiral Sampson . The reverse was designed by George T . Morgan . It depicts a Navy officer , Sailor , and Marine standing upon a block identifying the action for which the medal was awarded . Suspending the ribbon of the medal is a brooch pin with the name of the recipient ' s ship . The recipient ' s name is engraved on the lower rim of the medal , this being one of only two medals officially issued named to a recipient . Campaign clasp s or engagement bars were authorized for wear on the ribbon , showing various battles and the ship name which had participated . The medal was issued for 47 engagements or skirmishes and some were awarded with several engagement bars . When worn as a ribbon on a military uniform , there were no devices authorized .
Hiro Naval Arsenal The Hiro Naval Arsenal ( " Hiro Kaigun Kosho " or " Dai - Jūichi Kaigun Kōkū - shō " ( 11th Naval Arsenal ) , often abbreviated as " Hirosho " ) at Kure ( 呉 ) , Hiroshima prefecture , was a production facility for seaplane s , flying boat s , and aero engines for the Imperial Japanese Navy before and during World War II . It was largely destroyed in a raid by B - 29 Superfortress es on 5 May 1945 . Aircraft . Designed and produced : Prototypes and experimental aircraft : Aircraft designed by other manufacturers produced at Hiro : Engines . Designed and produced :
Ghods Mohajer Mohajer ( , " Migrant " ) or Mersad series of unmanned aerial vehicles is built by Iran and operated by Iran and Hezbollah . The Mohajer is primarily used to spy on military installations , enemy positions , etc . It may also be capable of guiding laser - guided munitions to their targets . History . Mohajer was first developed at the peak of the Iran - Iraq war . Studies started between 1980 by Iranian universities and IRGC as Iran needed surveillance equipment to gather information about Iraqi moves . Four prototypes were built in 1981 and were initially put into service to monitor the enemy lines in Shalamche . This drone which was later named Mohajer 1 was Iran ' s first step to manufacture UAV s . Mohajer continued to photograph Iraqi lines to the end of the war and accomplished 619 sorties at the end . There are reports indicating that Mohajer 1 was armed with six RPG - 7 rockets to attack enemy positions , making it the first UCAV used in War . Following the successful use of Mohajer 1 , Iran wanted a version with more range and endurance to monitor distant unreachable places . The version which was later named Mohajer 2 also had an auto pilot system to help it in its missions in places far from the reach of radio waves of command center . Its body was completely built with composite materials . More than 200 Mohajer 2s are built . Mohajer 3 ( also called Hodhod ) was developed to further increase the range and endurance . The body was redesigned to achieve this goal . Mohajer 4 was later designed for both Iranian Army and IRGC . The body was again redesigned and better cameras were installed on the drone . Range and endurance were increased much more . There are two other variants of Mohajer 4 called " Hodhod A / 100 " and " Shahin " . , 30 Mohajer 4 and 10 Shahins were built . Operational History . During the 1990s civil war in Afghanistan , Mohajer drones were reported to monitor the situation . On November 7 , 2004 , Hezbollah , flew a Mohajer - 4 over northern Israel for about 5 minutes . The UAV entered Israeli airspace at more than 100 knots and an altitude of about 1 , 000 feet , flew briefly over the seaside city of Nahariya , and fell into the sea . Iran sold eight Mohajer - 4s to Hezbollah , according to an unnamed Iranian Revolutionary Guards senior officer quoted by London - based Arab daily newspaper Asharq Al - Awsat . In 2010 , US satellite images revealed a Venezuelan facility that is reported to be manufacturing Iranian drones . Later , Venezuela unveiled a drone called SANT Arpía which is identical to Mohajer 2 except that it uses skids to protect the camera during the parachute recovery . This feature was only seen on Mohajer 4 . According to some sources , Venezuela signed a $ 28 million contract to manufacture Mohajer 2 despite sanctions that prohibited Iran from exporting arms .
Battle of Ihtiman The Battle of Ihtiman occurred in 1355 between Bulgarians and Ottomans and resulted in an Ottoman victory . The exact location is not known , but in an anonymous Bulgarian chronicle , it is mentioned that the armies of Michail Asen engaged the invading forces before they could reach Sofia . Origins of the conflict . After the Ottoman Turks seized their first fortress in the Balkans in 1352 , they quickly began to expand their territory in Europe . From the year 1354 , their raiding parties began looting in Bulgarian Thrace , ravaging the regions of Plovdiv and Stara Zagora , and in the following year launched a campaign against the key city of Sofia . The battle . The son of the Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Alexander , Michail Asen , summoned an army to stop the advancing enemy . The battle was fierce , the Bulgarians suffered heavy casualties and their commander and heir to the throne was killed . However , the Ottoman losses were also heavy and they were unable to continue their march on Sofia . Aftermath . The battle showed that the Bulgarians were not ready to challenge the Turks in an open field battle and the loss of their eldest and allegedly most capable son was a great blow for the Bulgarians and their Emperor . But the battle and his death were not in vain : the Ottomans were able to reach Sofia 30 years later in 1382 . But during that time , the Bulgarians could not prevent them from taking over the whole Thrace .
Gaspard Amédée Gardanne Gaspard Amédée Gardanne ( 24 April 1758 - 14 August 1807 ) was a French general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars . Biography . Born at at Solliès - Pont , he joined the French royal army in 1779 . After the French Revolution he joined a volunteer unit as an officer . He fought under Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1796 - 1797 and 1800 Italian campaigns . He led a division during the Napoleonic Wars and died from illness in 1807 . His surname is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe . At the outbreak of the War of the Third Coalition , Gardanne commanded an infantry division in Italy under Marshal André Masséna . The 1st Brigade , led by Louis Fursy Henri Compère , included the 22nd Light Infantry and 52nd Line Infantry Regiments . The 2nd Brigade comprised the 29th and 101st Line Infantry Regiments under Louis François Lanchatin . Each regiment had three battalions . Attached to the division was the 15 / 2nd Foot Artillery company and the 23rd Chasseurs à Cheval , four squadrons strong . This was the division ' s organization at the Battle of Verona on 18 October 1805 and the Battle of Caldiero from 29 to 31 October . In early 1806 , Gardanne ' s division formed part of Masséna ' s I Corps of Joseph Bonaparte ' s Army of Naples . In the campaign that followed , the 1st Brigade included the 20th and 62nd Line Infantry Regiments , three battalions each . The 2nd Brigade was made up of three battalions of the 102nd Line Infantry Regiment , one battalion of the " Corsican Legion " , and one battalion of the 32nd Light Infantry Regiment . Jean Le Camus led the 1st Brigade while François Valentin commanded the 2nd Brigade . The invasion of the Kingdom of Naples began on 8 February 1806 and progressed rapidly . The only resistance encountered was the fortress of Gaeta , where Masséna detached Gardanne to invest the place while Joseph continued on to occupy Naples . Jean Reynier , at the head of 6 , 000 French troops , smashed Roger de Damas ' 10 , 000 - men Neapolitan corps at the Battle of Campo Tenese on 9 March . The remnant of the Neapolitan field army dissolved or was evacuated to Sicily by the British fleet . The Siege of Gaeta , however , lasted from 26 February to 18 July and absorbed the attention of up to 12 , 000 French soldiers . The garrison commander Louis of Hesse - Philippsthal proved to be a stubborn opponent . His initial garrison of 4 , 000 was reinforced by sea to 7 , 000 during the siege . Losses were about 1 , 000 killed and wounded on each side . The surviving members of the garrison were released on condition that they not fight against France or her allies for one year .
German submarine U - 3505 German submarine " U - 3505 " was a Type XXI U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 9 July 1944 at the Schichau - Werke yard at Danzig , launched on 25 August 1944 , and commissioned on 7 October 1944 under the command of " Oberleutnant zur See " Horst Willner . Service history . Although never used in combat , the submarine achieved some degree of fame due to a rescue mission . Her commander , Captain Horst Willner , disguised his wife as a sailor and smuggled her aboard together with their three - month old baby ( a crime punishable by death ) . The captain ' s family was originally to be evacuated on the , joining a flood of refugees fleeing East Prussia ahead of the advancing Red Army , in " Operation Hannibal " . Willner cancelled their places and took them onto his submarine , and so probably saved their lives since the " Gustloff " was sunk by the with the greatest loss of life in maritime history . After leaving Danzig they went to Gotenhafen , where they took on board 110 children and adolescents . The refugees , including the captain ' s family , were safely delivered at Travemünde , Lübeck , on 2 April 1945 . Returning to Kiel " U - 3505 " was to participate in torpedo exercises , but on 3 April was sunk in a bombing raid while in harbour . At least one sailor was killed .
Gate A gate or gateway is a point of entry to a space enclosed by walls , or a moderately sized opening in some sort of fence . Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals , or they may be merely decorative . Other terms for gate include yett and port . The word derives from the old Norse " gata " , meaning road or path , and originally referred to the gap in the wall or fence , rather than the barrier which closed it . A gate may have a latch to keep it from swinging and a lock for security . Larger gates can be used for a whole building , such as a castle or fortified town , or the actual door s that block entry through the gatehouse . Today , many gate doors are opened by an automated gate operator . Types . Types of gates include :
Andrew Moynihan Andrew Moynihan , VC ( 1 January 1830 – 18 May 1867 ) was by birth an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Moynihan was a 25 - year - old sergeant in the 90th Foot , British Army during the Crimean War when his gallant action took place on 8 September 1855 at Sebastopol . Sergeant Moynihan , who was with the storming party at the assault on the Redan in the Crimea , personally encountered and killed five Russia ns , and while under heavy fire also rescued a wounded officer from near the Redan . Moynihan was promoted to sergeant major and in 1856 was commissioned into the 8th Foot . He was promoted lieutenant the following year and captain in 1863 . He died after contracting Malta Fever , caused by drinking unsterilised goat ' s milk . He is buried in La Braxia Cemetery and his Victoria Cross is displayed at the Cameronians Regimental Museum in Hamilton , Lanarkshire , Scotland . His son became a prominent surgeon being raised to the peerage as Berkeley Moynihan , 1st Baron Moynihan .
USS Walter X . Young ( DE - 723 ) USS " Walter X . Young " ( DE - 723 ) was a proposed United States Navy " Rudderow " - class destroyer escort that was never built . The name " Walter X . Young " was approved for DE - 723 on 7 February 1944 . Plans called for her to be built by the Dravo Corporation at Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . However , before work on the ship began , the contract for her construction was cancelled on 12 March 1944 in order to free the Dravo shipyard for the building of landing craft . The name " Walter X . Young " was reassigned to another " Rudderow " - class destroyer escort , USS " Walter X . Young " ( DE - 715 ) , which was converted during construction into the fast transport USS " Walter X . Young " ( APD - 131 ) .
Breguet Aviation The Société des Ateliers d ' Aviation Louis Bréguet also known as Breguet Aviation was a former French aircraft manufacturer . The company was set up in 1911 by aviation pioneer Louis Charles Breguet . The company together with the British Aircraft Corporation was a parent to SEPECAT which was formed to develop and produce the SEPECAT Jaguar aircraft . In 1971 it merged with Dassault to form Avions Marcel Dassault - Breguet Aviation . Automobile production . Before 1914 , in addition to producing aircraft , the firm produced a few six cylinder engined cars . During the Second World War the company produced an electric car powered by batteries and propelled by an " off - the shelf " motor from Paris - Rhône . The motor was capable of producing two different levels of output . " First gear " and " Reverse gear " were provided with 36 volts , while " Second gear " equated to 72 volts . An advertisement for the car in 1941 claimed a range of between charges without mentioning that this range was only available where adhering to steady cruising speed of 20 km / h ( 12 mph ) . Cruising at a steady 40 km / h ( 25 mph ) would , on the same basis , have given a range of . The car had a modern looking all enveloping two seater body with a relatively long tapered tail which contained the motor and some of the batteries . It had four wheels but the rear axle , which delivered power to the road , was relatively narrow . The car was actively marketed during 1941 which was a period of price instability . In August 1941 the Breguet electric car was priced at 56 , 000 francs : during the same month the Citroën Light bodied 11 ( still listed , despite production by now being down to a trickle or suspended ) was priced at 35 , 630 francs . The Breguet electric car was produced not at the firm ' s principal plant at Toulouse but at a smaller plant at Anglet ( between Biarritz and Bayonne ) .
Port of Apalachicola The Port of Apalachicola is a historic Gulf Coast port located on St . George Island in Franklin County , Florida . The Port of Apalachicola lies at the mouth of the Apalachicola River off Apalachicola Bay on the Intracoastal Waterway . The Port of Apalachicola was of primary strategic importance during the United States Civil War . Union forces established a blockade of the port on 11 June 1861 , with the USS " Montgomery " . At times , the blockade employed a squadron of three or more vessels in the area . On 3 April 1862 , a landing at Apalachicola was achieved without resistance from the Confederacy . The port continued to change hands repeatedly throughout the war , usually without serious conflict .
Bill Madden ( GC ) Horace William Madden GC ( 14 February 1924 – 6 November 1951 ) , also known as Bill Madden , was a soldier in the Australian Army who was a posthumous recipient of the George Cross for his conduct while a Prisoner of War during the Korean War . Early life . Horace William Madden was born in Cronulla , a suburb of Sydney , on 14 February 1924 to Australian born parents . He was working as a fruiterer ' s assistant when he was called up for the Australian Citizens Military Forces ( CMF ) , the militia , in May 1942 . Military career . Madden was initially posted to the 114th Australian General Hospital in Goulburn , New South Wales . As part of the CMF , he was not required to serve outside of Australia or its territories , but despite this he transferred to the Australian Imperial Force in August 1943 . Nicknamed ' Slim ' due to his lean build , Madden saw service with the 8th Field Ambulance in New Guinea , during which he contracted malaria . He later served with the 5th Motor Ambulance Convoy Platoon on Bougainville and was part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force in Japan after the war . He was eventually discharged from the army in June 1947 . After leaving the army , Madden took up work at a mental hospital . Two months after the Korean War broke out , he reenlisted with the Australian Army for service as a private in Korea . Initially assigned to 3rd Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment for duty as a driver , he later volunteered for signalling duties . In April 1951 , the Chinese attacked the regiment ' s positions near Kapyong in what would be known as the Battle of Kapyong . Madden was among three Australian soldiers captured during the battle . During captivity , he demonstrated strong defiance to his captors . His defiant conduct , observed by many of the other prisoners and which would eventually see him nominated for the George Cross , was maintained despite beatings and other punishments such as extreme rationing of his food . His ill treatment eventually resulted in his death from malnutrition sometime in late November or December 1951 at the age of 27 . Madden was posthumously awarded the George Cross for his conduct as a prisoner of war , which set an example for his fellow captives . George Cross Citation . The George Cross was presented to his sister on 9 May 1956 by the Governor of New South Wales , Lieutenant General Sir John Northcott . Madden ' s body was recovered following the armistice that saw an end to the war and was subsequently buried in the United Nations Memorial Cemetery at Busan , South Korea .
PTS ( vehicle ) The PTS is a Soviet tracked amphibious transport . PTS stands for " Plavayushchij Transportyer - Sryednyj " or medium amphibious transport vehicle . Its industrial index was Ob ' yekt 65 . Introduced in 1965 , it is large , with a substantial payload of 10 tons , two to four times the capacity of the BAV 485 , and better cross - country performance , at the cost of greater somewhat higher purchase costs because its tracked . The most common model is the improved PTS - M that is powered by a 350 hp diesel engine . It resembles its antecedents , the BAV 485 and ultimately DUKW , having a boxy , open watertight hull , with six road wheels " per " side , front drive sprocket , rear idler sprocket , and no return roller s . Like the BAV 485 , and unlike the DUKW , it has a rear loading ramp . The crew is seated at the front , leaving the rear of the vehicle open for a vehicle , which can be driven ( or backed ) in , rather than lifted over the side ( as in the DUKW ) . To aid in facilitating this , the engine is under the floor . Propulsion in water is by means of twin propellers , in tunnels to protect them from damage during land operations . The PTS - M was adopted by the Soviet Army and Warsaw Pact forces , and has been supplied to Egypt , the former Yugoslavia , Iraq , Uruguay , and other nations . The PTS - M also has a companion vehicle , the PKP , a boat - like amphibious two - wheeled trailer , with fold - out sponsons providing stability on water ; the combination allows the PTS - M to accommodate an artillery tractor , field gun ( up to medium caliber ) , its crew , and a quantity of ammunition , all in one load . The Russian Defense Ministry will buy an unspecified number of the PTS - 4 in 2014 . The Russian Military is satisfied with the vehicle type , which now includes a 12 . 7 mm remote weapon station and a multi - fuel engine developing 840 Ch . The PTS - 4 weighs 33 tons and has a payload of 12 tons on land and 18 tons on water . The vehicle can reach a maximum speed on road of and on water . It has the suspension of the T - 80 and the gears of the T - 72 . The fully enclosed armored cab provides protection against small arms fire and artillery shell splinters .
Scharführer Scharführer was a Nazi Party title that was used by several paramilitary organizations from 1925 to 1945 . Translated as “ squad leader ” , the title of " Scharführer " can trace its origins to the First World War , where a " Scharführer " was often a sergeant or corporal who commanded special action or shock trooper squads . The term " schar " means " squad " or " troop " . " Scharführer " is most recognizable as a rank of the SS and title of the SA . " Scharführer " was first used as a title in the " Sturmabteilung " ( SA ) as early as 1921 and became an actual rank in 1928 . " Scharführer " was the first non - commissioned officer rank of the SA , and was denoted by a single pip centered on a collar patch . In 1930 , veteran " Scharführer " were appointed to the new rank of " SA - Oberscharführer " , denoted by an additional silver stripe to the " Scharführer " collar patch . The SS used the same insignia for " Scharführer " as the SA , but the level of rank changed in 1934 with a reorganization of the SS rank structure . At that time , the old rank of " SS - Scharführer " became known as " SS - Unterscharführer " with the title of " SS - Scharführer " becoming equivalent to an " SA - Oberscharführer " . The rank of " SS - Truppführer " was removed from the SS , to be replaced by " SS - Oberscharführer " and the new rank of " SS - Hauptscharführer " . The early " Waffen - SS " created an even higher rank , known as " SS - Sturmscharführer " . Within the SA , " Scharführer " was senior to the rank of " SA - Rottenführer " while in the SS , a " Scharführer " was senior to that of " SS - Unterscharführer " . The rank of " Scharführer " was also used by other Nazi Party organizations ; among them the National Socialist Flyers Corps ( NSFK ) , National Socialist Motorist Corps ( NSKK ) and the Hitler Youth ( HJ ) .