naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Focșani The Battle of Focşani ( also Battle of Fokschani or Battle of Focsani ; Hungarian " Foksányi csata " ) was a battle in the Russo – Turkish War of 1787 – 1792 fought on July 21 , 1789 , between the Ottoman Empire and the alliance of the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy near Focşani , Moldavia ( now in Romania ) . The Russians were led by Alexander Suvorov , the Austrians by Prince Josias of Coburg , and the Ottomans by Grand Vizier Koca Yusuf Pasha . Austrian army numbered 18 , 000 men , with Hungarian infantry and some cavalry forces , while the Russian one had 7 , 000 soldiers . The Ottoman mustered ca . 30 , 000 soldiers . The allies stormed the Ottoman entrenched camp with a huge army , and drove out the Ottomans with a loss of 2 , 000 .
Coats of arms of U . S . Engineer Battalions Coats of arms of U . S . Engineer Battalions are heraldic emblems associated with units in the US Army . By Army regulation , all regiments , and some other units , of the US Army organized under a table of organization and equipment are authorized a coat of arms to be displayed on the organization ' s standard , called the " colors . " This coat of arms usually forms the basis for the unit ' s distinctive unit insignia ( DUI ) , the emblem worn by all members of the unit on their service uniforms . Below are galleries of the coats of arms of engineer battalions . The official mottoes ( as awarded by The Institute of Heraldry of the U . S . Army ) and / or special designation s ( as awarded by the United States Army Center of Military History ) of the units are also noted .
Hans - Ulrich von Oertzen Born in Berlin to an aristocratic family , he followed his father into the army and trained as a general staff officer . During World War II he was promoted to Major and by 1943 he was serving in Army Group Centre under Generalmajor Henning von Tresckow who was one of the leading members of the resistance . He then helped Claus von Stauffenberg to develop Operation Valkyrie . On 26 March 1944 , he married Ingrid von Oertzen Langenn and a selection of 240 letters he wrote to her from 1942 to 1944 were recently published in book form in Germany . On 20 July 1944 he was the liaison officer to the commander of the defense group III ( Berlin ) and passed on the first Valkyrie orders . After the failure of the coup attempt , he was arrested and interrogated by General Joachim von Kortzfleisch and Generalleutnant Karl Freiherr von Thüngen , who was himself a member of the resistance . There was no evidence of complicity in the plot until the next morning when a secretary reported having seen him with von Stauffenberg . With the arrival of the Gestapo imminent he killed himself by detonating two hand grenade s .
Titan 34D The Titan 34D was an American rocket , used to launch a number of satellites for mostly military applications . After its retirement from military service , a small number were converted to the Commercial Titan III configuration , which included a stretched second stage , and a larger fairing . Several communications satellites , and the NASA Mars Observer spacecraft were launched by commercial Titan 34Ds . Derived from the Titan III , the Titan 34D featured stretched first and second stages with more - powerful solid boosters . A variety of upper stages were available , including the Inertial Upper Stage , the Transfer Orbit Stage , and the Transtage . The Titan 34D made its maiden flight on 30 October 1982 with two DSCS defense communications satellites for the United States Department of Defense ( DOD ) . All launches were conducted from either LC - 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station or SLC - 4E at Vandenberg Air Force Base . 15 launches were carried out , of which two failed . The first of these was on August 28 , 1985 when the core stage suffered a turbo - pump malfunction and was destroyed by Range Safety . The second proved to be one of the worst space launch disasters in US history when on April 18 , 1986 , an attempted launch of a KH - 9 photo reconnaissance satellite ended catastrophically as the right solid rocket booster ruptured and exploded only eight seconds into the flight , destroying the entire vehicle , blowing itself into smithereens and showering SLC4E with debris and toxic propellant . The disaster drew unfortunately comparisons to the Challenger shuttle accident three months earlier , which was also the victim of a solid rocket motor malfunction . However , the Titan incident was found to have a rather different cause as it had not suffered O - ring burn - through , but instead a failure of the joints holding the SRM segments together . SLC4E was out of commission until October 1987 , after which it hosted the remaining two Titan 34D launches without incident . Use with Vortex satellites . Three Vortex satellites were launched using Titan 34D vehicles between 1984 and 1989 .
USS Kimberly ( DD - 80 ) The first USS " Kimberly " ( DD – 80 ) was a " Wickes " class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I . She was named for Lewis Ashfield Kimberly . History . " Kimberly " was launched 14 December 1917 , by Fore River Shipbuilding Company , Quincy , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Miss Elsie S . Kimberly , daughter of Rear Admiral Kimberly ; and commissioned 26 April 1918 , Comdr . A . W . Johnson in command . After shakedown " Kimberly " cleared Boston 19 May 1918 , escorting a convoy to the United Kingdom . After her arrival in June , the destroyer spent the remainder of the war protecting ships bound for the battle zones in Europe from the British Isles . She departed Queenstown , Ireland , 26 December ; and , after arrival Boston 8 January 1919 , " Kimberly " engaged in training operations along the coast . In May the destroyer served as a lifeguard ship in New England waters during the world ' s first transatlantic flight — that of the Navy ' s NC - 4 hydroplane commanded by Lt . Comdr . Albert C . Read . " Kimberly " completed maneuvers out of Newport , and entered Boston Navy Yard for extensive repairs . She joined the Destroyer Force at Newport 18 April 1921 , and throughout the summer operated with submarine s . Information gained through these early experiments was of great value in refining the techniques of undersea warfare . " Kimberly " spent the winter at Charleston , South Carolina , before arriving Philadelphia 29 March 1922 , where she decommissioned 30 June . Her hull was sold to Boston Iron & Metal Company , Baltimore , Maryland , for scrapping .
653d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron The 653d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector , Air Defense Command , stationed at England Air Force Base , Louisiana . It was inactivated on 1 August 1963 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States . Lineage Assignments Stations
3rd Royal Bavarian Chevau - légers " Duke Charles Theodore " The 3rd Royal Bavarian Chevau - légers " Duke Charles Theodore " ( " Königlich Bayerisches Chevaulegers - Regiment „ Herzog Karl Theodor “ Nr . 3 " ) were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Bavarian Army . The regiment was formed in 1905 and fought in World War I . The regiment was disbanded in 1919 .
DOTMLPF DOTMLPF is an acronym used by the United States Department of Defense . DOTMLPF is defined in the The Joint Capabilities Integration Development System , or JCIDS Process . The JCIDS process provides a solution space that considers solutions involving any combination of doctrine , organization , training , materiel , leadership and education , personnel and facilities ( DOTMLPF ) . Since combatant commanders define requirements in consultation with the Office of the Secretary of Defense ( OSD ) , they are able to consider gaps in the context of strategic direction for the total US military force and influence the direction of requirements earlier in the acquisition process . It also serves as a mnemonic for staff planners to consider certain issues prior to undertaking a new effort . Here is an example of how DOTMLPF would be interpreted in the military context : The idea is to fix the capability gap , and CJCSI 3170 . 01G – Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System , 1 March 2009 , is the one governing instruction that encompasses both materiel ( requiring new defense acquisition programs ) and non - materiel ( not requiring new defense acquisition program ) solutions . It is worth noting that NATO uses the same acronym with the same meaning , however NATO has added an " I " to the acronym to make it " DOTMLPFI " . The added " I " is for Interoperability : the ability to be interoperable with forces throughout the NATO alliance . References . https : / / acc . dau . mil / CommunityBrowser . aspx ? id = 28870
Gablingen Kaserne Gablingen Kaserne is a former military facility in Gablingen near Augsburg , Germany , which was closed in 1998 . Its primary use was signals intelligence collection during the Cold War . History . Part of Gablingen Kaserne was constructed prior to World War I for use by the Royal Bavarian Air Force . The airfield was closed in 1918 and flight activities were prohibited in 1919 as a result of the Treaty of Versailles . Reopened in 1936 as a Luftwaffe airfield , Gablingen was home to three Luftwaffe flying schools : Flugzeugführerschule A5 , Nachtjadgschule 1 , and Flugzeugführerschule C7 . In addition , the entire facility was enlarged as one of the two German Air Bases in the Augsburg area , the other one being Lechfeld Airbase . One of the most interesting aspects of the history of Gablingen is the complex tunnel system beneath the old airdrome , which may have been used to conceal the existence of a Messerschmitt test facility located there prior to , and during , the Second World War . The Messerschmitt plant used laborers from the Dachau concentration camp . Messerschmitt ' s rocket - powered Messerschmitt Me 163 were tested at this facility as early as 1941 . American forces seized the base almost unopposed on 1 May 1945 and the facility was quickly secured . IX Engineer Command engineers from the 833rd Aviation Engineer Battalion moved into the facility and designated the base as Advanced Landing Ground " R - 77 " , although no combat unit moved to the airfield until 15 May , after the German Capitulation to perform occupation duty . Renamed as Army Airfield Station Gablingen , several USAAF groups were assigned to the airfield until 1 July 1946 , when the facility was turned over to the United States Army . Gablingen was primarily used by the Army as regular troop barracks , housing various elements of the different divisions stationed in the Augsburg area . Around 1970 , the 3rd Brigade , 1st Infantry Division moved to Goeppingen . Current status . Closed in 1998 , the buildings are now used for civilian activities , and some have recently been demolished . The AN / FLR - 9 circular " Wullenweber " antenna array , built at many locations during the cold war for HF / DF direction finding of high priority targets . The worldwide network , known collectively as " Iron Horse " , could quickly and accurately locate an HF communications from almost anywhere on the planet . Today , advances in technology have made the AN / FLR - 9 obsolete .
Cisrhenian Republic The Cisrhenian Republic was a French client republic created on 28 August 1797 on the western bank of the Rhine river , under French domination . Under the terms of the Peace of Basel in 1795 , the Kingdom of Prussia had been compelled to cede all her territories west of the Rhine , and together with the west - Rhenish territories of the Prince - Bishop s of Trier , Mainz and Cologne , the Electorate of the Palatinate , the duchies of Jülich and Cleves , and the free city of Aachen they were combined into the short - lived Cisrhenian Republic under the rule of a " Protector " Louis Lazare Hoche , a French general . In the Treaty of Campo Formio on 18 October 1797 , administration of the region was assigned to France , but it was not officially annexed until 23 September 1802 . In 1798 the territory was organized by French Commissioner François Joseph Rudler into the départements of Roer , Rhin - et - Moselle , Sarre and Mont - Tonnerre . The inclusion of the western bank of the Rhine into the French Empire also led to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . External links .
57th Infantry Regiment ( Ottoman Empire ) The 57th Infantry Regiment ( Turkish : " 57 nci Piyade Alayı " or " Elli Yedinci Piyade Alayı " ) or simply 57th Regiment ( Turkish : " 57 nci Alay " or " Elli Yedinci Alay " ) was established on February 1 , 1915 in Tekirdağ ( Rodosto ) and received its regimental colours ( " sancak " ) on February 22 , 1915 . The regiment ' s command was given to Yarbay Hüseyin Avni Bey ( Arıburnu ) on February 23 , and the regiment departed to Çanakkale and arrived at Eceabat ( Maydos ) on February 25 . After relocating the Bigali Village on March 26 , 1915 they trained until April 24 under the command of Lt . Colonel Hüseyin Avni . Gallipoli . Mustafa Kemal issued his order , " I do not expect you to attack , I order you to die ! In the time which passes until we die , other troops and commanders can take your place ! " . and later noted the 57th Regiment was " a famous regiment this , because it was completely wiped out " . When the ANZAC first landed they encountered small bodies of Turks who , after doing what they could , withdrew back over the ridges . The main Ottoman forces in the area had been held in reserve to see just where the British Empire troops were going to land on the peninsula . By 6 . 30 am a report had reached the commander of the 19th Division of the Ottoman Army , Yarbay Mustafa Kemal , that an enemy force had scaled the heights at Ari Burnu . Mustafa Kemal ' s troops were at Bigalı , a small village off to the east beyond the main range , and he ordered his whole division to prepare to march to the coast . He himself set off riding at the head of the 57th Regiment . By about 9 . 30 am Mustafa Kemal stood at Chunuk Bair with some other officers . He could see the British warships and transports off Anzac Cove and also , coming rapidly up the hill towards him , a group of Ottoman soldiers who had been tasked with defending Hill 261 ( Battleship Hill ) .
HMS G12 HMS " G12 " was a British G class submarine of the Royal Navy from World War I . War service . Like the rest of her class , " G12 " ' s role was to patrol the North Sea in search of German U - boats .
915th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron The 915th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Duluth Air Defense Sector , Air Defense Command , stationed at Sioux Lookout Air Station , Ontario , Canada . It was inactivated on 1 October 1962 . The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of North America .
439 Combat Support Squadron No . 439 Squadron RCAF was a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force , formed during World War II . No . 123 ( Army Co - operation ) Squadron was formed on 15 January 1942 and flew army training operations in Ontario and Nova Scotia . It was renumbered No . 439 ( Fighter Bomber ) Squadron on December 31 , 1943 when it transferred to Wellingore , England and spent the war in England , France , Belgium , The Netherlands and Germany . They disbanded at Flensburg , Germany , on August 26 , 1945 . They reformed at Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) Station Uplands ( CFB Uplands ) on September 1 , 1951 , and went to 1 Wing North Luffenham on May 4 , 1952 , they then moved to 1 Wing Marville , France , on April 1 , 1955 . They were deactivated between November 30 , 1963 , and February 28 , 1964 , and reactivated on March 1 , 1964 , as 439 Strike / Attack Squadron . They moved with 3 Wing to Lahr , Germany on April 1 , 1967 , then to CFB Baden - Soellingen , Germany in 1971 as 439 Tactical Fighter Squadron . The squadron disbanded in November 1984 and reformed in November 1985 with the CF - 18 . They were disbanded at Baden - Soellingen on 15 May 1993 and reactivated shortly after at 3 Wing Bagotville as 439 Combat Support Squadron . The squadron is now equipped with the CH - 146 Griffon .
Fort Ballance Fort Ballance is a coastal artillery battery in the Wellington suburb of Miramar , New Zealand . Built in 1885 following fears of an impending war with Russia , Fort Ballance is one of the best preserved of a string of nineteenth century coastal defences constructed to protect New Zealand from a naval attack . In 1885 , the Government , reluctantly acknowledging that they could not rely solely on Britain for protection , commissioned engineer Major Henry Cautley to design a series of fortifications to protect the country ' s main ports . The Fortress is listed as a Category I Historic Place .
Sami Hafez Anan Lieutenant General Sami Hafez Anan or Enan ( , ; born 1948 ) is an Egyptian soldier . He was the Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces until his retirement was announced by President Mohamed Morsi on August 12 , 2012 . From 1990 to 1992 he was the Egyptian Defence Attaché to Morocco . More recently he served as the Commander of the Egyptian Air Defence Forces from 2001 to 2005 . He served as Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces . On October 2 , 2012 , the Egyptian public prosecutor announced that Anan would be investigated for corruption , the first such investigation against a military figure . 2011 events . When the 2011 Egyptian Revolution began in January 2011 , Anan was in Washington " for a week of meetings with senior American officers " . Cutting his visit short , he returned to Egypt on 28 January . As the commander of an army of 468 , 000 troops , he was considered likely to play a crucial role in the political uncertainty surrounding the protests . On 1 February 2011 , the UK ' s Channel 4 News reported that the United States was pressing for Anan to play a role in coordinating interim arrangements for government in Egypt after Hosni Mubarak . As the protests built momentum into their second week , there was considerable speculation whether Enan , on one hand , was " ' too close to Mubarak to stay , ' [ per . . . ] Gawdat Bahgat , a professor at National Defense University in Washington who has worked extensively with Egyptian officers attending the school , " or , on the other , " a trusted partner . Retired Army Lt . Gen . R . Steven Whitcomb , who oversaw joint exercises with the Egyptian military while stationed in the Middle East , invited Enan and his wife to his home at Fort McPherson in Atlanta for a private dinner in 2007 . According to Whitcomb , Enan complained about the effect that budget cuts were having on the military as the Mubarak administration dealt with political and economic problems . " The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces is the body of 18 senior military men , including Anan , to which the power to govern was handed by departing President Mubarak on February 11 , 2011 . Only Hussein Tantawi ranked ahead of Anan on the armed forces website and in the Council at that time , according to Al Jazeera . Assessing U . S . views of Enan thereafter , particularly by way of the Wikileaks releases , " The Guardian " newspaper saw Enan " as more amenable to personal ties " than the older , change - resistant and standoffish Tantawi . Also , the story said , the Muslim Brotherhood " has described [ Enan ] as incorruptible and as one of its cleric [ s ] put it : ' He can be the future man of Egypt … I think he will be acceptable . ' " As the newspaper saw it , this gave the " Soviet - trained " general an unusual span of support in the post - Mubarak government .
German submarine U - 247 German submarine " U - 245 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 16 December 1942 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as ' werk ' 681 , launched on 23 September 1943 and commissioned on 23 October under the command of " Oberleutnant " Gerhard Matschulat . In two patrols , she sank one ship of 207 GRT . She was sunk by Canadian warships in September 1944 . Service history . After training with the 5th U - boat Flotilla at Kiel , " U - 247 " was transferred to the 1st flotilla for front - line service on 23 October 1943 . 1st patrol . The boat ' s first patrol was preceded by a short trip between Kiel in Germany , and Arendal and Bergen in Norway . Her first sortie began with her departure from Bergen on 31 May 1944 . She passed into the Atlantic Ocean via the ' gap ' between the Faroe and Shetland Islands . She sank the " Noreen Mary " on 5 July west of Scotland , with gunfire , not torpedoes , which by this stage of the war , with a near constant Allied air presence , was quite remarkable . She then skirted to the west of Ireland , before arriving at Brest in occupied France , on 27 July . 2nd patrol and loss . The boat had left Brest on 26 August 1944 . Patrolling near Lands End , at the western end of the English Channel , she was attacked and sunk on 1 September by depth charge s from the Canadian frigates HMCS " Saint John " and " Swansea " . Fifty - two men died ; there were no survivors .
BTR - T The BTR - T ( Russian : Бронетранспортёр - Тяжелый ( " Bronetransporter - Tyazhelyy " ) , ‘ Armoured Transporter – Heavy ’ ) is a Russia n heavy infantry combat vehicle , designed by the Design Bureau of Transport Machine - Building ( Omsk Transmash ) state - run production association . Description . It is based on the hull of the T - 55 tank and answers the need for a heavy , well protected and well armed vehicle adapted to urban combat . The need for a heavy IFV appeared after the First Chechen War during which APCs such as the BTR - 80 and BMP - 2 suffered heavy losses in urban areas at the hands of Chechen rebels using RPG shoulder - launched anti - tank weapons . As a result , the design incorporates thicker armour , with built - in reactive armour . It also has heavier armament with sufficient elevation to engage targets in multi - story buildings . Design . The choice of the T - 55 hull rather than that of a more modern tank was decided as a cost - cutting measure and also probably in order to validate a conversion solution for the many T - 55s in use around the world . However , no export contracts have been signed so far . Armament . The turret can accommodate several weapon configurations :
French ship Astrolabe ( 1781 ) The Astrolabe was a converted fluyt of the French Navy , famous for her travels with Jean - François de Galaup , comte de La Pérouse . She departed Brest on 1 August 1785 under Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle , along with the " Boussole " under La Pérouse . Disappearance . The expedition vanished mysteriously in 1788 after leaving Botany Bay on 10 March 1788 . The fate of the expedition was eventually solved by Captain Peter Dillon in 1827 when he found remnants of the ships the " Astrolable " and the " Boussole " at Vanikoro Island in the Solomon Islands . The ships had been wrecked in a storm . Survivors from one ship had been massacred while survivors from the other ship had constructed their own small boat and sailed off the island , never to be heard from again . The fate of La Perouse and his ships is the subject of a chapter from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne . Note . Its crew included French priest Louis Receveur the first Catholic and second non - indigenous person to be buried in Australia .