naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Richard Vickers Lieutenant - General Sir Richard ( Maurice Hilton ) Vickers , KCB CVO OBE ( born 21 August 1928 ) is a former British Army officer who served as Director - General of Army Training from 1982 until 1983 . Military career . Educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , Vickers was commissioned into the Royal Tank Regiment ( RTR ) in 1948 , and served with the 1st Battalion of the RTR in the British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ) , Korea , and the Middle East until 1954 . He was temporary Equerry to the Queen from 1956 until 1959 and Brigade Major of 7th Armoured Brigade from 1962 until 1964 . He served with the 4th Battalion of the RTR in Borneo and Malaysia from 1964 until 1966 and was Commanding Officer of The Royal Dragoons from 1967 until 1968 when he became commanding officer of the Blues and Royals . Vickers was the Commander of the 11th Armoured Brigade from 1972 until 1974 and Deputy Director of Army Training 1975 until 1977 . He was appointed GOC 4th Armoured Division in 1977 and then Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst from 1979 until 1982 before he retired in 1983 . In retirement Vickers was a Gentleman Usher to the Queen from 1986 until 1998 and Director - General of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust 1983 – 1993 . Vickers was made a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order ( LVO ) in 1959 and a Commander of the Order ( CVO ) in 1998 . He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in 1964 , promoted to an Officer of the Order ( OBE ) in 1970 , and to a Knight Commander of the Order ( KCB ) in 1983 .
Sverker Göranson Sverker John Olof Göranson , born 3 May 1954 in Lund , is a General of the Swedish Army with an armoured forces background and is the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces since 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén . Göranson was Inspector General of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and serves as the Commander of the Armed Forces Headquarters since 2007 . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia . Promotions . Göranson ' s promotions :
Stig Wennerström ( spy ) Stig Erik Constans Wennerström ( August 22 , 1906 – March 22 , 2006 ) was a colonel in the Swedish Air Force who was convicted of treason in 1964 . During the 1950s , he leaked the Swedish air defence plans and the entire Saab " Draken " fighter jet project to the Soviet Union . He also worked as a military attaché in Washington , DC , where he was very useful to the Russian military intelligence agency , the GRU . He also served in the same role in Moscow . As early as 1943 , SÄPO , the Swedish Security Service , suspected that Wennerström was working for Germany and in 1947 there were indications that he had connections with the Soviet Union , but the suspicions couldn ' t be proved . The counter - intelligence operation centred on him was intensified towards the end of the 1950s and his household maid was recruited by SÄPO . In June 1963 the maid reported that she had found some film roll s hidden in the attic . The films contained pictures of secret documents and Wennerström was arrested a few weeks later . Wennerström was initially sentenced to life in prison , but in 1972 the Swedish government changed the sentence to 20 years , despite the Supreme Commander , General Stig Synnergren , still considering him to be a high security risk . He was paroled in 1974 after serving a total of 10 years ; the norm in Sweden at the time was to release prisoners after they had served half their sentences .
Winning hearts and minds Winning hearts and minds is a concept occasionally expressed in the resolution of war , insurgency , and other conflicts , in which one side seeks to prevail not by the use of superior force , but by making emotional or intellectual appeals to sway supporters of the other side . The use of the term " hearts and minds " to reference a method of bringing a subjugated population on side , was first used during the Malayan Emergency by the British who employed practices to keep the Malayans ' trust and reduce a tendency to side with ethnic Chinese communists , in this case , by giving medical and food aid to the Malays and indigenous tribes . A British report of the time stated : A criticism at the time was that " [ t ] here is much talk of fighting for " the hearts and minds " of Malayans , but only blind obedience is demanded of them " . During the 1960 ' s , the United States engaged in a " Hearts and Minds " campaign in Vietnam . A similar " Hearts and Minds " campaign in Iraq was carried out during the 2003 invasion and occupation of that country . The program was inspired by President Lyndon Baines Johnson . He used some version of the phrase " hearts and minds " a total of 28 times . In ten of these instances , Johnson inverted the words and used the phrase " minds and hearts . " The first time he used the phrase in his presidency was on 16 January 1964 , and the last time was 19 August 1968 . In his usage he addressed very different audiences , including heads of state , congressmen , and the American people . Also , Johnson referred to the " hearts and minds " of disparate groups , including the above - mentioned audiences and even humanity as a whole . His use of the phrase is most commonly taken from the speech " Remarks at a Dinner Meeting of the Texas Electric Cooperatives , Inc . " on 4 May 1965 . On that evening he said , " So we must be ready to fight in Viet - Nam , but the ultimate victory will depend upon the hearts and the minds of the people who actually live out there . By helping to bring them hope and electricity you are also striking a very important blow for the cause of freedom throughout the world . " Johnson ' s use of the phrase is most likely based on a quote of John Adams , the American Revolutionary War patriot and second president of the United States , who wrote in a letter dated 13 February 1818 : " The Revolution was effected before the War commenced . The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people ; a change in their religious sentiments of their duties and obligations … . This radical change in the principles , opinions , sentiments , and affections of the people , was the real American Revolution " . The phrase , " hearts and minds " is also found in a biblical quotation , in Philippians 4 : 7 , although that passage does not address the " winning " of hearts and minds as a tactic .
Raijintai The Raijintai ( 雷神隊 ) was a Japanese guerrilla warfare unit of the Kuwana domain , formed in 1868 during the Boshin War , for the purposes of fighting on behalf of the Northern Alliance of Confederated Domains . Led by Tatsumi Naofumi , the unit excelled in combat , particularly becoming renowned for taking the head of Kiheitai officer Tokiyama Naohachi in the fighting at Asahiyama . Along with the whole of the northern clans and the pro - Tokugawa forces loosely allied with them , the Raijintai was defeated in the Boshin War and was disbanded .
Battle of Changsha ( 1939 ) Battle of Changsha ( September 17 , 1939 – October 6 , 1939 ) was the first attempt by Japan to take the city of Changsha , China , during the second Sino - Japanese War . It was the first major battle of the war to fall within the timeframe of what is widely considered World War II . Background and strategy . The war had already reached a stalemate after two years of fighting . In early September , Japanese General Toshizō Nishio of the " Japanese Expeditionary Forces to China " and Lieutenant - General Seishirō Itagaki set out to capture Changsha , the provincial capital of Hunan . The Japanese 101st and 106th Divisions were deployed on the western bank of the Gan River in northern Jiangxi , and the 6th , 3rd , 13th , and 33rd Divisions marched southward from southern Hubei to northern Hunan . Two of the primary motivating factors for the Japanese in launching the attack were the signing of a non - aggression pact by their German ally with their Soviet enemy , and their defeat by Soviet forces at Nomonhan . A large attack on Chinese would therefore restore morale . Altogether , it became obvious that the 100 , 000 strong Japanese force was to converge on Changsha . The Chinese strategy was to counter the enemy column in northern Jiangxi and then encircle the line on the path southward . Course of Battle . The Japanese launched the attacks on September 17 , when their forces in northern Jiangxi attacked westward toward Hunan . However , the Japanese stretched too far out westward and were counter - attacked by Chinese forces from the south and the north , forcing them to retreat eastward . On September 19 , the Japanese then proceeded to attack the Chinese along the Xinqiang River ( 新墙河 ) . Even though the use of poison gas was prohibited by the Geneva Protocol , the Japanese army employed it on Chinese positions . On September 23 the Japanese drove the Chinese out of the Sinchiang river area , and the 6th and 13th Divisions crossed the river under artillery cover and advanced further south along the Miluo River . Heavy fighting continued after the 23rd and the Chinese retreated southward to distract the Japanese while supporting battalions arrived on the east and the west for encirclement maneuver . On September 29 the Japanese reached the outskirts of Changsha . However , they were unable to conquer the city because their supply lines were cut off by the Chinese . By October 6 the Japanese forces at Changsha were decimated while the remnants retreated northward . Conclusion . Changsha was the first major city that did not fall to the Japanese advances . The commander of the city ' s defense , the colorful General Xue Yue , who was a graduate of Whampoa Military Academy and loyal to Chiang Kai - shek , soon gained prestige from his victories at Changsha . Retaining the city allowed the Chinese to prevent the Japanese from consolidating their territories in the South of China .
Priority Material Office Established on 16 April 1964 as the Pacific Fleet Polaris Material Office ( PMOPAC ) . The Priority Material Office ( PMO ) is headquartered at Naval Base Kitsap , Bremerton , WA . PMO is a U . S . Naval command under the operational control of the Commander , Submarine Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet ( COMSUBPAC ) . PMO is charged with providing dedicated logistics support to Pacific and Atlantic Fleet submarine forces , surface ship forces , Marine Corps , Coast Guard , and the Military Sealift Command ( MSC ) units . PMO Mission . PMO is a command solely dedicated to cradle - to - grave expediting and tracking , around the globe . Of all Issue Priority Group One requisitions for the Pacific and Atlantic Fleet submarine forces , surface ship forces , Marine Corps , Coast Guard , and MSC units , while maintaining accurate , real - time in - transit visibility to customers and their decision makers . PMO is dedicated to perform assigned material control and supply support responsibilities for the TRIDENT submarine operating forces assigned to Commander , Submarine Forces ( COMSUBFOR ) , and act as the focal point for logistics support of deployable Navy , Marine Corps , Coast Guard , and Military Sealift Command units . History . The Priority Material Office ( PMO ) initially commissioned as the Pacific Fleet Polaris Material Office ( PMOPAC ) on 16 April 1964 . It has served since its inception under the operational control of Commander , Submarine Force , U . S . Pacific Fleet ( COMSUBPAC ) , and was originally established to support the Fleet Ballistic Missile ( FBM ) submarine s and their tenders . In 1982 , PMOPAC began expediting critical repair parts for both ashore and afloat commands of the entire Pacific Submarine Fleet . In 1994 , PMOPAC was renamed the Submarine Logistics Support Center ( SUBLOGSUPPCEN ) to better reflect its changing mission . In this expanded role , SUBLOGSUPPCEN developed the Integrated Supply Information System ( ISIS ) , which provides current and historical information on every requisition processed . In 1998 , SUBLOGSUPPCEN ’ s customer base further expanded , expediting for the Pacific Fleet surface ships and MSC . In April 2000 the command was renamed “ Priority Material Office ” to better reflect its new , broader mission . Vision . The future at PMO is as dynamic and challenging as ever . As the Navy ’ s most robust expediting organization , PMO stands ready to “ find the parts … to fix the weapons systems … that put ordnance on target . ” “ We will become the premier material expediting Center of Excellence for both the Pacific and Atlantic Fleets ( or globally ) by ensuring the rapid movement of critical repair parts and the timely flow of information to customers and the decision makers . ” References . Priority Material Office website . S & K Global Solutions . NAVSUP . Cryptome . DTIC . References :
Ikazuchi - class destroyer escort The " Ikazuchi " class destroyer escort was a destroyer escort ( or frigate ) class built for the ( later Japan Maritime Self - Defense Force , JMSDF ) in the late 1950s . In the FY1953 , the Japanese government ordered three destroyer escorts , and this class . These vessels were the first indigenous post - World War II Japanese destroyer escorts , but their propulsion systems were different because the JMSDF tried to find the best way in the propulsion systems of future surface combatants . " Akebono " was a steam - powered vessel , but this class was diesel - powered vessels . So equipment of this class were almost the same as those of the " Akebono " , with two American 3 " / 50 caliber Mark 21 guns ( or Type 54 , the Japanese version ) with two Mark 22 single mounts controlled by Mark 51 director each , four Bofors 40 mm anti - aircraft guns with two dual mounts , a Hedgehog anti - submarine mortar and eight K - gun depth charge throwers . And in 1959 , all Mark 21 guns were replaced by Mark 22 rapid - fire guns with Mark 34 single mounts and Mark 63 GFCS was introduced in exchange of the reduction of Bofors 40 mm guns . This class had a twin - shaft machinery installation with two diesel engines ( 6 , 000ps each ) . This propulsion system was less powerful than the steam turbine machinery of the " Akebono " , but it was able to propel the ship at a top speed of still . The JMSDF appreciated the lower cost of maintenance of machinery of this class , so every Japanese destroyer escorts adopted diesel propulsion system until the period of gas turbine powered vessels .
USS A . J . View ( 1861 ) USS " A . J . View " ( 1861 ) — a Confederate States of America schooner — was captured during the beginning of the American Civil War by the Union Navy . " A . J . View " was outfitted as a collier , supplying coal to Union ships with steam engines . Her record of activity is sparse . Capture by Union forces . Early in the afternoon of 28 November 1861 , while cruising in Mississippi Sound , the Union screw steamer , Commander , C . H . B . Caldwell , fell in with and seized " A . J . View " ( along with steamer CSS " Henry Lewis " ) off Pascagoula , Mississippi , as that Biloxi , Mississippi schooner attempted to slip out to sea . The prize ' s cargo was unloaded at Ship Island , Mississippi , and the schooner herself may have been used for sometime thereafter by the Gulf Blockading Squadron . Civil War service . At some later date , after she had sailed north for adjudication , " A . J . View " was finally condemned by the admiralty court at New York City and was sold to the Navy on 28 July 1863 — almost two years after she had been captured . She was used as a coal hulk , but no record of the place or places where she performed this service has been found .
Gadi Shamni Aluf Gadi Shamni ( born 1959 ) is a general in the Israel Defense Forces and currently Israel ' s military attaché in the United States . In 1977 Shamni was drafted into the Paratroopers Brigade , which he stayed in for much of his early career . In 2001 he was promoted to Brigadier General and in 2005 to Major General when he became the Military Secretary to the Prime Minister . In May 2007 Shamni was appointed head of Central Command , replacing Yair Nave . In October 2009 he became Israel ' s military attaché in the United States . Shamni has studied at the IDF Command and Staff College and the United States Army War College , and has received a BA in economics and political science and an MA in national security . Shamni also graduated from the US Army Special Forces course .
Joint Force Training Centre The Joint Force Training Centre ( JFTC ) is a NATO headquarters located in Bydgoszcz , Poland , responsible to Allied Command Transformation at Norfolk , Virginia , in the United States . The Joint Force Training Centre , started on March 31 , 2004 , focuses on joint and combined training at the tactical level . In particular , it focuses on the conduct of joint tactical training to achieve joint tactical interoperability at the key tactical interfaces . It cooperates with other national training centres , including Partnership for Peace training centres and the Centre of Excellence . As a priority , the JFTC provides support to the NATO Response Force ( NRF ) joint and component commanders in the training and exercising of the NRF , focusing on joint and combined competences . JFTC supports the force in ensuring that each NRF rotation achieves a high level of interoperability , flexibility , and extensive training as a combined and joint force , in order to be fully ready at the beginning of the duty cycle . It serves to raise the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe standards of the NRF in each cycle . In November 2008 , JFTC relocated from its home on Dwernickiego Street to a new simulations centre on Szubinska Street . External links . The real location of the Joint Force Training Centre is Irvine , Scotland , Livingstone Terrace at Moffats House .
USS Wauwatosa ( YTB - 775 ) Construction and commissioning . The contract for " Wauwatosa " was awarded 31 January 1964 . She was laid down down on 21 August 1964 at Marinette , Wisconsin , by Marinette Marine and launched 19 May 1965 . Operational history . Placed in service in June 1966 , " Wauwatosa " served with the Pacific Fleet at Yokosuka Naval Base , Japan and Subic Bay Naval Station . Stricken from the Navy List 16 February 2002 , she was scrapped 9 May 2005 .
118th New York Volunteer Infantry The 118th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment was recruited for service in the American Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ) from Clinton , Essex , and Warren counties in Northern New York . Known as " The Adirondack Regiment , " the unit saw service along the Atlantic Coast in the Department of Virginia before transferring to the Army of the James in 1864 . With the latter , they were engaged in the Overland Campaign and the subsequent siege of Petersburg . History . Col . Samuel T . Richards received authority on July 7 , 1862 to organize an infantry regiment of men from Clinton , Essex , and Warren counties . The regiment was formed and mustered into federal service at Plattsburg , New York the following month and was appropriately dubbed the " Adirondack Regiment . " The regiment left New York on September 3 , 1862 to take up their assignment of guard and provost duty in Washington , D . C . with the Provisional Brigade , Abercrombie ' s Division , Defenses of Washington . In February 1863 , while continuing their duty in the federal capital , the regiment was assigned to the XXII Corps ( ACW ) . The following April , the New Yorkers were sent Suffolk , VA and attached to the Reserve Brigade , 3rd Division , VII Corps ( ACW ) , under the command of Brig . Gen . George W . Getty , just in time to see action at the Siege of Suffolk . In May , the regiment moved to Portsmouth , VA , and spent much of the month in reconnaissance and skirmishing . During June and July , 1863 , the regiment participated in Dix ' s Peninsula Campaign and fought at the South Anna Bridge ( July 4 , 1863 ) , suffering 11 casualties . In early 1864 , there were more skirmishes and maneuvers in eastern VA , but in April , following the dissolution of the 7th Corps , the regiment was assigned to the 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , XVIII Corps ( ACW ) , Army of the James . The regiment participated in an engagement at Drury ' s Bluff and the ill - fated Bermuda Hundred Campaign in May . Later that month , they were among those who moved to assist Grant at the Battle of Cold Harbor , where they suffered 32 casualties . The regiment fought in the Battle of Swift Creek on May 9 and on the right flank of the Union line at the Second Battle of Petersburg , losing 21 men . The final actions of 1864 for the 118th were the Battle of Chaffin ' s Farm and combat at Fort Harrison in September , followed by the Battle of Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road in October . During the winter of 1864 – 65 , the 118th NY manned the trenches outside Richmond and in December was reassigned to the 2nd Brigade , 3rd Division , XXIV Corps ( ACW ) . In the Spring of 1865 , the New Yorkers were the first organized Union unit to enter the abandoned Confederate capital . After serving provost duty in Richmond and Manchester , the 118th NY Volunteers were mustered out of service on June 13 , 1865 . Those men whose enlistment was not complete were reassigned to the 96th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment .
169th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 169th Infantry Division was a German military unit during World War II . The division was formed in 1939 . It took part in Operation Fall Gelb and stayed in France until being transferred to Finnish Lapland in 1941 . The division was part of the German XXXVI Corps which also included SS Division Nord and the Finnish 6th Division . On July 1 the corps began its attack which was aimed at Kandalaksha on the White Sea coast . The division crossed the Finnish - Soviet Border just north of Salla . During the heavy fighting against the Soviet 122nd Division the SS Division Nord broke and fled . On July 8 the 169th occupied Salla . With the help of the Finnish 6th Division the Soviets were pushed back beyond the pre - Winter War borders . In September the division had advanced to the River Verman ( " Vermanjoki " ) , here the offensive finally stalled . During the fall of 1941 AOK Norwegen decided to shifts its attack to the area held by the Finnish 3rd Division . The 169th Division stayed in the area around Salla until the beginning of the hostilities between Finland and Germany known as the Lapland War in 1944 . During 1944 the division withdrew back to Norway , then was transferred to Germany where it fought out the final few weeks of the war . " Extracts from My Battle Journal "
List of United States state navies in the American Revolutionary War This is a list of the United States state navies in the American Revolutionary War . Beginning in 1775 after the American Revolutionary War , eleven of the thirteen colonies established state navies or owned one or more armed vessels . States without navies . New Jersey never authorized the purchase of any ships , or established admiralty courts . Both matters were proposed to the state assembly in 1776 , but were not acted upon . Delaware never authorized the purchase of armed vessels . Some of its apparently commissioned ships for specific purposes ; the " Farmer " was commissioned by the Sussex County committee to sail to St . Eustatius to purchase gunpowder .
Thomas Steele ( VC ) Thomas Steele VC ( 6 February 1891 – 11 July 1978 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . VC action . He was 26 years old , and a sergeant in the 1st Battalion , Seaforth Highlanders ( Ross - shire Buffs , Duke of Albany ' s ) , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . Rugby league . Steele played three matches as a professional for Broughton Rangers , one of rugby league ' s founding clubs , and enjoyed a distinguished career as an amateur with his local club , Healey Street .