naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Siege of Varna ( 1201 ) The siege of Varna ( ) took place between 21 and 24 March 1201 at Varna , on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast between the Bulgarians and the Byzantines . The Bulgarians were victorious and captured the city . Prelude . After the youngest of the three Asen brothers , Kaloyan , was crowned Emperor in early 1197 he immediately showed his resolution to continue the war with the Byzantines by all means and liberate all Bulgarian lands . In the next year Kaloyan even allied with Ivanko , the murderer of his eldest brother , Ivan Asen . The siege . At the turn of the new century he seized the strong castle of Constancia ( near modern Simeonovgrad ) and then struck in the opposite direction and besieged the last Byzantine stronghold to the north of the Balkan mountains , Varna . Varna was defended by a large garrison including western mercenaries who were known to be the bravest soldiers in the Byzantine army . To take the fortress the Bulgarian engineers constructed an enormous siege tower which was wider that the outer moat . With the help of the siege equipment the Bulgarian army was able to cross the moat and reach the walls of the city and on the third day of the siege , on 24 March 1201 the Bulgarians made a breakthrough . According to the Byzantine historian Nikitas Choniates Kaloyan did not hesitate to kill all defenders despite the fact that it was Easter . The Byzantines were thrown in the moat and buried alive . After that he destroyed the city walls and returned to the capital Tarnovo . Aftermath . By the end of the year Bulgaria and Byzantium started negotiation which ended with a peace treaty in the beginning of 1202 . The Bulgarians secured their new gains and now were able to face the Hungarian threat to the north - west . After several battle in the valley of the Morava river , the Hungarians were defeated .
Anglesea Barracks Anglesea Barracks is an Australian Defence Force barracks in central Hobart , Tasmania . The site was chosen in December 1811 by Lachlan Macquarie and construction began on the first buildings to occupy the site in 1814 . It is the oldest Australian Army barracks still in use and it celebrated its bicentenary in December 2011 . Despite the small variation in spelling it was named after Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey who was involved with the Board of Ordnance . Current Units and Facilities . It is home to various civilian and military departments including : Angelsea Barracks Messing . The barracks contains an Officers ' Mess , Sergeants ' Mess and the McGee VC Soldier Club . Other facilities . It also houses , in the old jail , the Military Museum of Tasmania .
HMS Cyclops ( 1779 ) HMS " Cyclops " was a 28 - gun " Enterprise " - class sixth - rate frigate of the Royal Navy . The " Cyclops " was first commissioned in July 1779 under the command of Captain John Robinson . In January 1783 she captured the French 14 - gun brig " Railleur " on the North American station . Because " Cyclops " served in the navy ' s Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September , her officers and crew qualified for the clasp " Egypt " to the Naval General Service Medal , which the Admiralty authorised in 1850 to all surviving claimants .
Raymond Telles Raymond L . Telles , Jr . ( September 5 , 1915 – March 8 , 2013 ) was the first Mexican - American Mayor of a major American city , El Paso , Texas . Born in El Paso and educated as an accountant , Telles worked at the United States Department of Justice for eight years . He was drafted into the Army in 1941 . Telles then served in the U . S . Army Air Force where he became Chief of the Lend - Lease Program for Central and South America . Telles left the service with the rank of major . Telles received the Peruvian Flying Cross , the Order of the Southern Cross from Brazil , the Mexican Legion of Merit and Colombian wings in recognition of the Lend - Lease Program . Telles served as aide to several Latin American and Mexican presidents visiting the United States , and as military aide to Presidents Harry S . Truman and Dwight D . Eisenhower when visiting Mexico City . Telles was elected county clerk for El Paso County , Texas in 1948 . In 1951 , Telles was recalled for the Korean War . He served as Executive Officer of the 67th Tactical and Reconnaissance Group , U . S . Air Force . Telles was elected in 1957 mayor of El Paso and ran unopposed for a second term ( 1959 – 1961 ) . He was appointed by President John F . Kennedy as Ambassador to Costa Rica . In 1967 President Lyndon B . Johnson appointed Telles chairman of the U . S . - Mexican Border Commission . In 1971 , President Richard Nixon appointed him chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for the United States . Telles died on March 8 , 2013 in Sherman Oaks , California at the age of 97 .
Marx – Lenin – Luxemburg Front The Marx - Lenin - Luxemburg - Front was a resistance movement founded by Henk Sneevliet , Willem Dolleman and Ab Menist , some months after the German invasion of the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 . It lasted until April 1942 , when the entire leadership was arrested by the Germans , who executed them on 12 April of the same year . The Marx - Lenin - Luxemburg - Front , or MLL - Front , was the clandestine successor to Sneevliet ' s political party , the " Revolutionair - Socialistische Arbeiderspartij " ( RSAP ) , which had been disbanded immediately after the German invasion , when Sneevliet had to go into hiding to avoid arrest . The MLL - Front was largely active as a propaganda group and had its own magazine , " Spartacus " , which had a printrun of 5 , 000 copies and appeared bi - weekly . It was particularly active against the anti - Jewish measures taken by the Nazis and participated in the 1941 February strike against these measures . With the arrest and execution of its leadership in April 1942 , the MLL - front split into two on political differences , into the " Comite van Revolutionaire Marxisten " ( Committee of Revolutionary Marxists ) and the " Communistenbond Spartacus " ( Communist League Spartacus ) . These were far less influential than the MLL - Front was . The MLL - front was one of the first , if not the first major resistance group to start up in the Netherlands in World War II . At its peak , it may have had some 500 members . Its bi - weekly publication " Spartacus " with a printrun of 5 , 000 was one of the most influential underground newspapers of the first part of the war ; the total printrun of the underground press at this time has been estimated to be about 55 , 000 .
Clement Biddle Colonel Clement Biddle ( May 10 , 1740 – July 14 , 1814 ) was an American Revolutionary War soldier . Life . Biddle was born May 10 , 1740 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania to John Biddle ( 1707 – 1789 ) and Sarah Owen ( 1711 – 1773 ) . He was the younger brother of Owen Biddle , Sr . ( 1737 – 1799 ) . Biddle was a part of the Society of Friends and helped organize the " Quaker Blues " , a company of volunteers . Biddle ' s first marriage was to Mary Richardson on June 6 , 1764 . They had one child , Francis , who died at childbirth . His second marriage was to Rebekah Cornell , the daughter of Rhode Island Chief Justice Gideon Cornell . They had four children : Frances ( died at infancy ) , Thomas ( born June 4 , 1776 ) , George Washington ( February 21 , 1779 – 1812 ) , and Mary ( born January 12 , 1781 ) . During the American Revolutionary War , Biddle fought in the Battle of Princeton , the Battle of Brandywine , the Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Monmouth . He was the Commissary General at Valley Forge under George Washington , and his headquarters was at Moore Hall . Biddle resigned from the Army in 1780 . In 1781 , Biddle was made quarter - master general of the Pennsylvanian troops . After the Revolutionary War , he was the first U . S . Marshal ( 1789 – 1793 ) for Pennsylvania . In the 1790 census , Biddle ' s jobs were " Notary , Scrivener , and Broker " which made him a rich man . He died in Philadelphia on July 14 , 1814 .
G6 howitzer The G6 self - propelled howitzer is a South African artillery piece , developed around the ordnance of the G5 howitzer . It is one of the most powerful self - propelled guns on a wheeled chassis . In addition to the logistical mobility afforded by a wheeled chassis , the G6 is protected against counter battery fire and is able to defend itself in an unsecured area . The chassis is mine - protected . The G6 is produced in South Africa by the Land Systems division of Denel . It entered production in 1987 . Combat history . The G6 saw limited action in 1987 / 88 during the South African Border War , in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale .
Naval Communications Station Irirangi The Naval Communications Station Irirangi of the Royal New Zealand Navy , which is 2 km north of Waiouru and near the Waiouru Army Camp , was established in WWII ( 1943 ) as the Waiouru W / T ( Wireless Telegraph ) Station . Its location , in the middle of the North Island , put it far away from the sea . The station was commissioned in July 1943 , and at the peak period of the war had an establishment of about 150 personnel , of whom more than eighty were women . Tens of thousands of code groups were handled each day , mostly for the British Pacific Fleet in Japanese waters . A dozen or more circuits were manned simultaneously and teleprinter land lines fed the signals to the Navy Office in Wellington . In 1951 the station was designated HMNZS Irirangi , which means " spirit voice " in Maori . In the late 1980s the equipment was modernised , and in October 1991 a feasibility study into the remote controlling of all facilities from the Devonport Naval Base was completed . The Chief of Naval Staff issued a directive that " the remoting of " Irirangi " is to be implemented forthwith . " " Irirangi " was decommissioned on 20 May 1993 . The Government Communications Security Bureau ( GCSB ) is now responsible for signals intelligence , with a radio communications intercept station at Tangimoana and a satellite communications intercept station at Waihopai . The previous functions of " Irirangi " are now carried out by a small contingent of Naval maintenance staff .
Ferenc Ottinger Baron Ferenc Ottinger ( Sopron , 1792 – Vienna , 8 April 1869 ) was a Lieutenant General to Franz Josef I of Austria , a Cavalry General and one of the leading generals in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . Career . In 1814 and 1815 as lieutenant on the Emperor ' s side he fought in the Napoleonic Wars in Italy . From 1839 until 1846 Ottinger was the Captain of the Emperor ' s 1st Army . In 1848 , at the start of the Hungarian Revolution , Ottinger was a Brigadier and Major General in Buda . After the Batthyány Government formed , it offered him a post as Secretary of War , but he rejected it . Until the government nominated Lázár Mészáros as Secretary of War , Ottinger was the Ministry of Defence ' s council chairman . In 1848 he became the captain of the Hungarian army at Dráva , against Josip Jelačić . When the conflict started Ottinger lost faith and decamped to Jelačić . After that — on the side of the Emperor — Ottinger fought in many battles . On 28 December 1848 he won a battle against Kornél Görgey at Bábolna . With Ottinger ’ s contribution the Emperor ’ s Army won the Battle of Mór on 30 December 1848 . Ferenc Ottinger lost the battle against Mór Perczel on 22 January 1849 at Szolnok . In the Battle of Káty on 7 June 1849 Ottinger destroyed the 8th Army and received the Military Order of Maria Theresa medal and the title of Baron . After the Revolution Ottinger was a Lieutenant General and in 1866 he retired as a Cavalry General .
Mobile Land Mine The Mobile Land Mine ( originally named Beetle ) was a British World War 2 remote controlled tracked explosive device . It was wire guided and powered by two electric motors . The Mobile Land Mine was designed by Metropolitan - Vickers 1940 . Among other trials a Mobile Land Mine was waterproofed and equipped with floats allowing it to be used against landing craft . The design was not a success and only 50 were built .
John F . Finerty John Frederick Finerty ( September 10 , 1846 - June 10 , 1908 ) was a U . S . Representative from Illinois . Biography . Born in Galway , Ireland , Finerty completed preparatory studies . He immigrated to the United States in 1864 . He enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War and served in the Ninety - ninth Regiment , New York State Militia . He was a war correspondent for the " Chicago Times " in the Sioux War of 1876 , in the Northern Indian ( Sioux ) War of 1879 , in the Ute campaign of 1879 , and afterward in the Apache campaign of 1881 . He was a correspondent in Washington , D . C . during the sessions of the Forty - sixth Congress ( 1879 – 1881 ) . He established the " Citizen " , a weekly newspaper , in Chicago in 1882 . Finerty was elected as an Independent Democrat to the Forty - eighth Congress ( March 4 , 1883 – March 3 , 1885 ) . He served as member of the board of local improvements 1906 - 1908 . He died in Chicago , and was interred in Calvary Cemetery . Author of two - volume " Ireland : The People ' s History of Ireland " ( 1904 ) New York and London : The Co - operative Publication Society . Author of " War - path and bivoac : The Conquest of the Sioux " ( 1890 ) , considered a classic account of the Great Sioux War of 1876 - 1877 . References . - John Finerty ' s account of The Battle of the Rosebud ( taken in 1894 ) city
Aguada transmission station Aguada transmission station is a facility of the US Navy for transmitting orders to submerged submarines near Aguada in Puerto Rico at 18°23 ' 55 " N 67°10 ' 38 " W by using radio waves in the low frequency range . Aguada transmission station , which works on 40 . 75 kHz with the callsign NAU , had originally 3 guyed towers . From these two were dismantled . Only the tallest with a height of 367 . 3 metres ( 1205 ft ) is still standing and in use . It is the tallest structure in Puerto Rico .
SMArt 155 SMArt 155 is a German 155 mm artillery round , designed for a long range , indirect fire top attack role against armoured vehicles . The SMArt carrier shell contains two submunition s , which descend over the battlefield on ballute s and attack hardened targets with explosively formed penetrator warheads . Built with multiple redundant self - destruct mechanisms , these submunitions were specifically designed to fall outside the category of submunition weapons prohibited by the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions . The name SMArt 155 is a contraction of its German name Suchzünder Munition für die Artillerie 155 ( meaning " sensor - fused munition for 155mm artillery " ) . SMArt is manufactured by GIWS mbh ( Gesellschaft für Intelligente WirkSysteme mbH ) , a partnership between German armaments companies Rheinmetall and Diehl BGT Defence . SMArt was first deployed by the Bundeswehr in 2000 , and has been sold to the armies of Switzerland , Greece , and Australia . Design . SMArt 155 is a 155 mm NATO artillery round designed to be fired from the Panzerhaubitze 2000 and the M109 howitzer s , including the Paladin variant . It consists of a heavy artillery projectile containing two autonomous , sensor - fused , fire - and - forget submunitions . The submunitions each contain a high - penetration EFP warhead for use against even heavy armoured armoured fighting vehicle s like main battle tank s . The EFP warhead uses a heavy metal liner . After the submunition is released it opens a parachute . While slowly descending , the submunition rotates , scanning the area below with an infra - red sensor and a millimeter wave radar . The sensor system relying on several types of sensors give SMArt 155 the ability to be used in every type of terrain independent of the weather conditions . Competing systems . US artillery largely deploys the M712 Copperhead laser - guided direct - fire round for the anti - tank role . GIWS formed a partnership with US defence contractor Alliant Techsystems , hoping to sell SMArt 155 to the United States armed forces ; to date no sale has been made . The US developed the similar M898 SADARM system ( which also descended on a ballute to attack the top surfaces of armoured vehicles ) , but this was discontinued in favour of the GPS guided M982 Excalibur round . SMArt 155 is very similar to BAE Systems AB ' s BONUS - 155 system ; BONUS descends on a system of winglets rather than a parachute . Operators . GIWS and its partners has also demonstrated SMArt to a number of other armies , including those of the United States , the United Arab Emirates ( for use in their existing G6 howitzer ) , Peru , and India .
RNAS Machrihanish ( HMS Landrail ) Royal Naval Air Station Machrihanish ( HMS Landrail ) , is a former Royal Navy air station , close to Campbeltown in Argyll and Bute , Scotland . Location . Located 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Campbeltown on the western side of the Kintyre Peninsula , Machrihanish is a former RAF air station , notable for its weather forecasts . The base had an exceptionally long runaway ( 3049m / 10 , 000 feet ) , together with a large number of technical buildings and accommodation . History . Machrihanish was established as a naval air station in 1916 , operating maritime patrol aircraft and airships until 1918 . A new airfield opened on 15 June 1941 as Strabane Naval Air Station , and named HMS Landrail , becoming RNAS Machrihanish later in the month and operated until 1946 . The old airfield became HMS Landrail II . The Air Station was re - activated again during the Korean War for training purposes . Between 1960 - 62 , the base was reconstructed and the current runway built . Thereafter the base developed in relation to NATO requirements during the Cold War , and was the focus of anti - submarine operations with US - controlled nuclear depth charges . A US Navy SEAL unit is also said to have been based here . £10 million was spent to upgrade the station in the early 1990s , keeping it on a care - and - maintenance basis to provide a runway for emergencies or in the event of conflict . The base remained a UK and NATO military base until 1997 . Campbeltown Airport . Between the wars a commercial aerodrome was established and is still operated by the government - owned Highlands and Islands Airports Limited operates with IATA location code " GQJ " . It uses the same single runway which , at 3049m ( 10 , 000 feet ) , is the longest in Scotland . The terminal building are at the south - eastern end . There are scheduled flights to Glasgow .
Al - Azraq Treaty of 1245 The Al - Azraq Treaty of 1245 was a treaty between the Christian King James I of Aragon and the Muslim commander Mohammad Abu Abdallah Ben Hudzail al Sahuir popularly known as Al - Azraq in 1245 in the Iberian Peninsula . The Treaty . The treaty was made in two versions , one in Arabic and the other in Spanish .
Robert R . Scott Robert Raymond Scott ( July 13 , 1915 – December 7 , 1941 ) was a United States Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor . Biography . Robert Raymond Scott was born in Massillon , Ohio on July 13 , 1915 and enlisted in the United States Navy on April 18 , 1938 . Machinist ' s Mate First Class Scott was assigned to when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 . The compartment containing the air compressor to which Scott was assigned as his battle station was flooded as a result of a torpedo hit . The remainder of the personnel evacuated the space , but Scott refused to leave , saying words to the effect that “ This is my station and I will stay and give them air as long as the guns are going . ” He was posthumous ly received the Medal of Honor for his heroism . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : For conspicuous devotion to duty , extraordinary courage and complete disregard of his own life , above and beyond the call of duty , during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces on 7 December 1941 . The compartment , in the U . S . S . California , in which the air compressor , to which Scott was assigned as his battle station , was flooded as the result of a torpedo hit . The remainder of the personnel evacuated that compartment but Scott refused to leave , saying words to the effect " This is my station and I will stay and give them air as long as the guns are going . " Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer escort was named in his honor . Scott was also a former student at Ohio State University where the Scott House dormitory is named after him .
Polar - class icebreaker " Polar " - class icebreakers , are heavy icebreaker s operated by the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) . These cutters , specifically designed for open - water icebreaking , have reinforced hulls , special icebreaking bows , and a system that allows rapid shifting of ballast to increase the effectiveness of their icebreaking . The vessels conduct Arctic and Antarctic research and are the primary icebreakers that clear the channel into McMurdo Station for supply ships . All are homeported out of Seattle , Washington . In addition to the two " Polar " - class icebreakers , the USCG has a third polar - capable icebreaker , .
Charles Hardy Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Hardy ( ca . 1714 – 18 May 1780 ) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial governor of New York . Early career . Born at Portsmouth , the son of a vice admiral , Charles Hardy joined the Royal Navy as a volunteer in 1731 . He became a captain in the Royal Navy on 10 August 1741 , around the age of 27 . His first command was the 24 - gun , stationed off the British Carolinas from January 1742 to February 1744 . In 1744 he was appointed governor and commander - in - chief of the British colony of Newfoundland , though there is no record of his visiting it during his term in office . In 1745 he took command of HMS " Torrington " , assisting in the protection of a convoy which brought reinforcements from Gibraltar to the newly captured fortress of Louisbourg . He was knight ed in 1755 and served as governor of the Colony of New York from 1755 to 1757 ( replaced by James Delancey ) . During his term he was made Rear Admiral of the Blue . Seven Years War . In 1757 , under the command of Vice Admiral Francis Holburne , Hardy escorted Lord Loudoun and his army from New York to Halifax intending to attack Louisbourg , but the attack was called off when Louisbourg was found to be strongly defended by a French fleet . The next year , he was second in command under Admiral Edward Boscawen at the successful Siege of Louisbourg . That autumn , he and James Wolfe attacked French posts around the mouth of the St . Lawrence River and destroyed all of the French fishing stations along the northern shores of what is now New Brunswick and along the Gaspé peninsula . He also participated in Hawke ' s victory at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759 . He became Member of Parliament for UK Parliament constituency in 1764 . Hardy served as governor of Greenwich Hospital from 1771 to 1780 . In 1778 , he was made Admiral of the White . In 1779 he became Commander - in - Chief of the Channel Fleet , remaining in that post until his death in May 1780 . Personal life . In 1749 he married Mary Tate and in 1759 , following his first wife ' s death , he married Catharine Stanyan . The couple had three sons and two daughters . Sir Charles Hardy died at Spithead . He bequeathed £3000 to each of the sons and £4000 to each daughter , as well as leaving his estate at Rawlins , Oxfordshire , to his eldest son Temple Hardy . By Catharine ' s death in 1801 , only Temple survived of the three sons . Hardy ' s brother Josiah was a merchant and the Governor of New Jersey from 1761 - 63 .