naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Aguadores The Battle of the Aguadores was a sharp skirmish on the banks of the Aguadores River near Santiago de Cuba , on 1 July 1898 , at the height of the Spanish - American War . The American attack was intended as a feint to draw Spanish defenders away from their nearby positions at San Juan Hill and El Caney , where the main blows fell later that day . Poor coordination between Duffield ' s column and the North Atlantic Fleet led to an ineffective bombardment of the Spanish positions . By the time the Americans arrived , the west end of the only bridge had been dismantled and the river gorge was impassible . Seven hundred men of the 33rd Michigan Regiment pressed the attack on land but proved unable to close on the Spanish positions . Spanish rifle fire checked the American advance at the river crossing and Duffield , sustaining casualties from accurate small - arms fire , called off the attack and withdrew to Siboney . The Spanish did not shift any forces from Santiago to Aguadores after all . While the Secretary of the Army declared the feint prevented the reinforcement of the San Juan Heights , no evidence was found to support this claim . Battle . Transport in the heavily wooded coastal area proved inadequate , and the National Guard of the 33rd Michigan had to take the train twice to within of the river . 1st and 2nd Battalions could not both fit on the train at the same time . The resulting noise to their front that early in the morning alerted the Spanish that an attack was forthcoming . The morning attack began with a naval artillery barrage from a small squadron off the coast . At 09 : 00 , the armored cruiser opened fire , followed by two smaller cruiser s , USS " Suwanee " and " Gloucester " . A chance shot from " Suwanee " struck down the banner atop the small Spanish fort , but the naval bombardment otherwise had little material effect ; with no way to adjust the fire onto the rifle pits below the crest or on the fortified houses on top , no targets could be hit . Spanish artillery units hunkered down and waited out the naval gunfire . Spanish gunfire from modern Mauser rifles supported by directed artillery , meanwhile , bit into the approaching American infantry , which halted on the east bank above its objective of the railroad bridge near the Morro batteries . In the cover of the brush above the river , the Americans ' . 45 / 70 Trapdoor Springfields gave away their position every time they fired , in contrast to the Spanish , who enjoyed smokeless powder weapons . Brigadier General Duffield kept up a desultory fire for much of the afternoon . Unable to advance any further , and not knowing if they had drawn off any defenders from the Santiago Heights , he ordered his men to break off at 15 : 30 . They had drawn rations and ammunition at 01 : 30 . and had been continuously moving or fighting in the thick brush since . The first to leave , as always in the U . S . military , were the wounded on the first train out .
Barcid The Barcid family was a notable family in the ancient city of Carthage ; many of its members were fierce enemies of the Roman Republic . " Barcid " is an adjectival form coined by historians ( " cf . " " Ramesside " and " Abbasid " ) ; the actual byname was Barca or Barcas , which means " lightning " . See ברק " Baraq " in Canaanite and Hebrew , برق , " barq " in Arabic , and similar words in other Semitic languages . Background . During the 3rd century BC , the Barcids were one of the leading families in the ruling oligarchy of Carthage . They seem to have realized that the expansion of the Roman Republic into the Mediterranean Sea threatened the mercantile power of Carthage . Accordingly , they fought in the First Punic War and prepared themselves for the Second Punic War . The Barcids were the founders of several Carthaginian cities in the Iberian peninsula , some of which still exist today . Mahón and Qart Hadast ( more famous by the Latin translation of its name : " Carthago Nova : - New Carthage ) which currently bears the name of Cartagena in modern day Spain . Family members . The known members of this family were as follows — The patriarch , Hamilcar Barca ( 275 - 228 BC ) , a Carthaginian general in the First Punic War and in the subsequent Mercenary War . Reputedly , he made his eldest son swear a sacred oath upon an altar of the gods " to never be a friend of Rome . " After the Roman victory , he expanded the colonial possessions in Hispania ( modern Spain and Portugal ) , where he drowned crossing a river . And his wife ; her name is unknown . They had six children , three sons of which became famous military leaders in their own right . Their three daughters married Barcid family allies .
Secretary of Defense Exceptional Civilian Service Award The Office of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Exceptional Civilian Service is the Office of the Secretary of Defense ’ s ( OSD ) highest level career medaled award . Career civilian employees of the OSD , the Department of Defense , and the Federal government are eligible . Approval . Approval must be granted from the Head of an OSD Component ( e . g . , the Secretary of Defense and the Deputy Secretary of Defense ; the Under Secretaries of Defense ; or one of the Assistant Secretaries of Defense who report directly to the Secretary of Defense , etc . ) This award was established to recognize civilian employees who have distinguished themselves by exceptional service to the Secretary of Defense or a Component within the Office of the Secretary of Defense . This award consists of a medal , lapel pin , and citation signed by the Secretary or Head of an OSD Component . Subsequent awards consist of the foregoing recognition devices and a bronze , silver , or gold palm , as appropriate . Nominees shall have served a minimum of three ( 3 ) years in an organization receiving operational support from the Washington Headquarters Services ' Directorate for Personnel and Security Customer Support Operating Office or in the Joint Staff , or a combination of the two . In lieu of this award , the Office of the Secretary of Defense Exceptional " Public " Service Award is presented to those ' non - career civilian employees , private citizens , and foreign nationals ' , for their contributions , assistance , or support who do not derive his or her principal livelihood from U . S . Government employment . It is OSD ’ s highest level non - career medaled award . Award Criteria . Performance is characterized by exceptional civilian service to OSD as a whole or the specific OSD Component . References . ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTION NO . 29 . DODI , 1999 SUBJECT : Incentive and Honorary Awards Programs References : ( a ) Administrative Instruction No . 29 , " Incentive Awards , " January 8 , 1990 ( b ) Title 5 , United States Code , " Government Organization and Employees " ( c ) Title 5 , Code of Federal Regulations , " Administrative Personnel " ( d ) DoD 1400 . 25 - M , " Department of Defense Civilian Personnel Manual , " December 1996 , authorized by DoD Directive 1400 . 25 , November 25 , 1996
1st Regiment New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry The 1st Regiment New Mexico Cavalry was a volunteer cavalry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War , although it was engaged exclusively against Native Americans . Service . In August 1861 Ceran St . Vrain and Kit Carson organized the 1st New Mexico Volunteer Infantry Regiment . This regiment fought at the battle of Valverde . On March 31 , 1862 the 1st and 2nd New Mexico infantry regiments were consolidated to form the 1st New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry Regiment with Kit Carson as colonel . The regiment was dispersed throughout the Department of New Mexico stationed at various frontier forts . In January 1864 Kit Carson led a detachment of nearly 400 in the battle of Canyon de Chelly . Later that year Carson led a detachment at the first Battle of Adobe Walls . The regiment was mustered out on September 30 , 1866 . With the declaration of war with Spain in April 1898 , 164 , 932 National Guardsmen entered Federal service . The 1st New Mexico Cavalry entered Federal service as the 2nd Squadron , 1st U . S . Volunteer Cavalry , better known as the " Rough Riders . " Theodore Roosevelt conceived the idea of raising a cavalry regiment recruited from businessmen , cowboys and outdoorsmen . Roosevelt , a former New York National Guardsman , helped to organize the regiment and was appointed its lieutenant colonel . After training in Texas and Florida , the Rough Riders landed in Cuba , without their horses , on June 22 , 1898 . It was during the Battle of San Juan Hill , on July 1 , that the Rough Riders , under the command of Lt . Col . Roosevelt , made their mark in American military history . Ordered to seize Kettle Hill in support of the main attack , the Rough Riders fought their way to the top despite heavy enemy fire . New Mexico ' s E and G Troops were among the first to reach the top of Kettle Hill . After taking the hill , the Rough Riders continued their attack , seizing the heights overlooking the city of Santiago . The American victory led to the Spanish surrender two weeks later . The gallant heritage of the 2nd Squadron of the Rough Riders is perpetuated by the 200th Air Defense Artillery , New Mexico Army National Guard . http : / / www . ng . mil / resources / photo _ gallery / heritage / roughriders . html
Farman F . 110 The Farman F . 110 was a French two - seat artillery observation biplane designed and built by the Farman Aviation Works . Development . The F . 110 was an effort by Farman to produce an artillery observation aircraft normally supplied to the French military by Breguet . Mainly of aluminium alloy construction it was a biplane design with a tailskid landing gear . Powered by a water - cooled Salmson 9Z radial piston engine which was a cause of drag because of the need for a large radiator box under the nose which compounded the already large frontal area of a radial engine . The pilot and observer had an open cockpit which had glazed panels in the sides and the floor to give the observer a good view . After a first flight in 1921 the Aéronautique Militaire ordered 175 aircraft but due to a lack of experience in the company with aluminium alloy the F . 110 suffered structural problems . After some modification only 50 aircraft where delivered and the type was not developed further . The F . 110 only remained in front - line use for just over a year . In 1927 tests were made with the F . 115 , a F . 110 with its aluminium ribs replaced with wooden ones .
USS Courier ( 1861 ) USS " Courier " ( 1861 ) was a storeship acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a supply ship to support Union Navy ships engaged in the blockade of Southern ports . Courier also operated as a gunboat when the opportunity presented itself from time to time . Purchased in New York City in 1861 . " Courier " , a storeship , was purchased 7 September 1861 from W . B . Thomas and Co . , New York City , and commissioned 17 September 1861 , Acting Master W . K . Cressy in command . Civil War operations . Assigned to support the North Atlantic Blockade . " Courier " sailed from New York City 17 October 1861 on the first of many voyages to bring supplies to ships at Port Royal , South Carolina , along the Florida coast , and in the Gulf of Mexico as far west as New Orleans , Louisiana . " Courier " captures three blockade runners . Always on the alert for blockade runners , she captured three : " Angelina " and " Emeline " on 16 May 1863 , and " Maria Bishop " on 17 May 1863 . Grounded and lost in the Bahama Islands . " Courier " grounded on Abaco Island in the Bahamas 14 June 1864 and had to be abandoned , but her officers and men , together with her stores and cargo , were saved and sent to the United States .
Wachdienst The Wachdienst ( English : rural home guard or the watch service ) was an auxiliary organisation erected by the Third Reich in Germany during the last months of World War II , in 1945 . The service was created to assist local authorities in rural areas , among other things , and elderly men in Germany , mostly farmers and other rural labourers , were forced into conscription . Members of the " Wachdienst " were often required to participate in local fire brigade s and engage in related tasks . Others were involved in the oversight of farms in their area , and were required to look into pests affecting local crops and produce . In addition to this , and as the name of the unit implies , the " Wachdienst " were also tasked with home protection for civilians , and undertook militia - like duties in that respect . The service was one of many civilian organisations created under command of the Third Reich in Germany , in response to an increasing lack of manpower and supplies as the war dragged on and continued its demand for resources , human and not . As the Wehrmacht , the German military forces , were proving ineffective in stopping the advance of the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front due to a lack of units , Adolf Hitler sanctioned the creation of such organisations on the home front , and civilians who were working in areas perceived to be non - essential were often enrolled . The " Wachdienst " should not be confused with the " Volkssturm " , a similar militia " home guard " unit formed in October 1944 , whose name is roughly translated into English as " The People ' s Army " .
Naval Undersea Museum The Naval Undersea Museum is an official naval museum located at Keyport , Washington , USA . The museum is one of the 12 Navy museums that are operated by the Naval History & Heritage Command . The museum sits next to a branch of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center . According to the museum website , its mission is " to preserve , collect and interpret Naval undersea history , science and operations for the benefit of the U . S . Navy and the people of the United States . " History . The Naval Undersea Museum Foundation is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit Washington State corporation established in 1980 as a philanthropic organization . Our mission is to provide financial support through fundraising campaigns to build and support the Naval Undersea Museum . Through fund - raising efforts of the Foundation , the Naval Undersea Museum and Conference Center complex in Keyport , Washington , opened in 1995 . The Naval Undersea Museum combines naval history , undersea technology , and marine science to create an exciting and educational experience for visitors . This new building , filled with more than of exhibits , holds the largest collection of naval undersea history and science artifacts in the United States . The museum ' s research library contains more than 6 , 500 volumes that support the exhibits and provide extensive information on undersea history , science , and operations . It also holds a complete set of WWII submarine war patrol reports and more than 115 interviews from the U . S . Naval Institute ' s oral history collection . The Foundation publishes the Undersea Quarterly and sponsors the Naval Undersea Museum Store . Other educational programs are supported by the Foundation in cooperation with the Naval Undersea Warfare Center , Keyport . Collection . Exhibits interpret the ocean environment , the development of undersea weapons technology , U . S . submarines , and Navy diving and salvage . Artifacts include U . S . torpedoes from the Whitehead and Howell designs to the modern Mk 48 and Mk 50 weapons , a Confederate mine , torpedo tubes from , and a simulated control room incorporating major equipment from . Some of the most interesting items in the Museum collection is the 55 - ton sail of the nuclear fast attack submarine , the deep submersibles " Trieste II " and the model of the Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle ( DSRV ) built for the film " The Hunt for Red October " and a re - creation of the control room of USS " Greenling " using the actual equipment and consoles removed from the attack submarine when it was decommissioned . Exhibit themes include the environment of the ocean , torpedoes , naval mine warfare , the technology of submarines , and diving equipment .
RFA Lyness ( A339 ) RFA " Lyness " was a fleet stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . On 15 November 1980 , the ship was acquired by charter by the United States Military Sealift Command and renamed USNS " Sirius " ( T - AFS 8 ) . She was purchased outright on 1 March 1982 . On 1 July 2005 , she was renamed " Texas Clipper III " and was transferred to the United States Maritime Administration to become the Texas Maritime Academy ' s new training ship .
RMS Carmania ( 1905 ) RMS " Carmania " was a British ocean liner designed by Leonard Peskett and built by John Brown & Company for the Cunard Line . In World War I , the Carmania was converted to an armed merchant cruiser . History . When launched , the " Carmania " and her running mate , the " Caronia " , were the largest ships in the Cunard fleet and two of the fastest in the world , since they had been designed to compete with the Germans for the Blue Riband . The " Carmania " had steam turbines , and the " Caronia " had quadruple - expansion engines . Another feature that differentiated the two liners was that " Carmania " had two tall forward deck ventilator cowls while they were absent on " Caronia " . The " Carmania " traveled the New York - Liverpool route from 1905 to 1910 . In the spring of 1906 , it carried H . G . Wells to America for the first time ; he noted in a book about his travels that " This " Carmania " isn ' t the largest ship nor the finest , nor is to be the last . Greater ships are to follow and greater . " The " Carmania " suffered one major fire in June 1910 . In October 1913 , while eastward bound , she responded to a distress call from the to pick up survivors in a storm , resulting in many awards for gallantry being presented to various members of her crew and Captain James Clayton Barr . Following the outbreak of World War I , the " Carmania " was converted into an armed merchant cruiser , equipped with eight 4 . 7 inch guns , and put under the command of Captain Noel Grant . She sailed from Liverpool to Shell Bay in Bermuda . She subsequently engaged and sank the German merchant cruiser , during the Battle of Trindade . The ship suffered extensive damage herself and several casualties to her crew . After repairs in Gibraltar , she patrolled the coast of Portugal and the Atlantic islands for the next two years . In 1916 , she was summoned to assist in the Gallipoli campaign . From May 1916 , she was used as a troop ship . After the war , she transported Canadian troops back from Europe . By 1919 , she returned to passenger liner service , being refitted in 1923 . In 1932 , she was sold to Hughes Bolckow & Co . , and scrapped at Blyth .
French ship Commerce de Bordeaux ( 1785 ) Commerce de Bordeaux was a 74 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . She was funded by a " don des vaisseaux " donation from Bordeaux . Renamed " Timoléon " in February 1794 , she took part in the Battle of the Nile under captain Louis - Léonce Trullet . In the confusion of the battle , her rudder was damaged by misdirected fire from the neighbouring " Généreux " . She fought for three days , eventually running aground and set on fire by her crew . She exploded around noon on 2 August , the last fighting French ship of the battle .
Counter - insurgency aircraft Counter - insurgency aircraft are a specialised variety of military light attack aircraft , designed for light counter - insurgency , armed reconnaissance , air escort of ground forces , and ground support against ' low - intensity engagements ' , usually irregular groups of insurgents . They are usually armed with cannon and / or small - calibre rockets . Roles . Air power can play an important role in counter - insurgency , capable of carrying out a wide range of operations : For an aircraft - whether fixed - wing and helicopter - to successfully carry out all these roles , it should have such qualities as low loitering speed , long endurance , simplicity in maintenance , and the capability to make short ( or vertical ) take - offs and landings from rough front - line airstrips . History . The first use of counter - insurgency aircraft was in the 1920s and 1930s in colonial warfare , in places like Ethiopia and Iraq . The benefits offered by even a single aircraft in tasks such as reconnaissance or strafing small groups were immeasurable . As the British found in Iraq in the 1920s and in some encounters in the frontier in Pashtunistan , aircraft stripped away many of the advantages that traditional insurgents had enjoyed . It also offered a way of inflicting direct and cost - effective retaliation on the communities that supported the insurgents . By the late 1950s , the French air operations in the Algerian War was decidedly counter - insurgent in nature , with helicopters such as the Piasecki H - 21 being used not only to carry troops , but also machine guns and rocket launchers on an " ad hoc " basis , to reach FLN guerilla positions on otherwise inaccessible mountain ridges and peaks . As late as the Vietnam War counter - insurgency missions were flown by existing aeroplanes and helicopters hastily adapted for the role , most notably the Douglas A - 1 Skyraider . Later , more specialized counter - insurgency ( or COIN ) aircraft began to appear , such as :
Supreme leader A Supreme Leader typically refers to a figure in the highest leadership position of an entity , group , organization , or state , who exercises strong or all - powerful authority over it . In religion , the supreme leader or supreme leaders is God or gods . In politics , a supreme leader is typically an all - powerful figure who has a cult of personality associated with them , such as Adolf Hitler as " Führer " in Germany , Benito Mussolini as " Duce " in Italy , Joseph Stalin as vozhd in the Soviet Union , the Supreme Leader of Iran , or the Supreme Leader of North Korea . There have been many dictators and political party leaders who have assumed such personal and / or political titles to evoke their supreme authority . Particularly during the Second World War , many fascist and other comparable right - wing figures directly modelled these after Hitler ' s " Führer " and Mussolini ' s " il Duce " . During and after the Cold War , several socialist and communist leaders also assumed such titles , as did some other politicians at different points in time . List of titles . Listed by date of establishment .
French ship Soleil - Royal ( 1692 ) The Soleil Royal ( " Royal Sun " ) was a French ship of the line . She was built in 1692 in Brest by Blaise Pangalo as " Foudroyant " ( " " Lightning " " ) . In March 1693 , she was renamed as " Soleil Royal " ( the previous ship of that name having been burnt in June 1692 ) and brought into service . She was scuttled in Toulon in 1707 . She was later put back afloat , and sold for scrap .