naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Avalanche ( Afghanistan ) Operation Avalanche was a four - week U . S . - led offensive in December 2003 designed to disrupt a resurgence in militant activity in the southeastern territory of Afghanistan and to establish conditions for the provision of humanitarian aid . Described by the U . S . government as the biggest ground operation in Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban in late 2001 , the offensive led to the capture of more than 100 suspects and the deaths of 10 . Two soldiers from the Afghan National Army were killed . The operation was marred by the accidental killings of 15 children in raids on suspected militants . The operation involved 2 , 000 U . S . soldiers supported by Afghan troops , but failed to engage any Taliban or allied militants . Patrols were conducted and caves searched over a 40 square mile ( 100 km² ) area . Little of note was discovered in the caves .
Michael Aheam Michael Aheam ( or Ahern ) was an American sailor who received the Medal of Honor for valor in action during the American Civil War . Aheam was illegally recruited in Queenstown , Ireland in November 1863 along with several others , and officially joined the US Navy from France . He served as a Paymaster ' s Steward aboard during her battle with the commerce raider on June 19 , 1864 off Cherbourg , France . His Medal of Honor citation ( dated December 31 , 1864 ) noted that he had been " highly recommended " by his divisional officer after " carrying out his duties courageously " and exhibiting " gallantry under enemy fire " with " marked coolness and good conduct " . He was one of seventeen " Kearsarge " sailors who received the medal for valor during this battle . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Paymaster ' s Steward , U . S . Navy . Enlisted in : France . G . O . No . : 45 , December 31 , 1864 . Citation : Served on board the " U . S . S . Kearsarge " when she destroyed the " Alabama " off Cherbourg , France , June 19 , 1864 . Carrying out his duties courageously , PmS . Aheam exhibited marked coolness and good conduct and was highly recommended by his divisional officer for gallantry under enemy fire .
USS Leslie L . B . Knox ( DE - 580 ) USS " Leslie L . B . Knox " ( DE - 580 ) was a " Rudderow " - class destroyer escort in the United States Navy during World War II . " Leslie L . B . Knox " was laid down 7 November 1943 by the Bethlehem - Hingham Shipyard , Inc . , Hingham , Massachusetts ; launched 8 January 1944 ; sponsored by Louise Kennedy Knox , widow of Lieutenant ( jg . ) Knox ; and commissioned 22 March 1944 , Lt . J . A . Moffett in command . After shakedown out of Bermuda , the new destroyer escort was assigned to Escort Division 67 , Atlantic Fleet . Following two runs escorting coastal convoys between New York and Norfolk , Virginia , she departed Hampton Roads 24 June 1944 on the first of two round - trip voyages escorting convoys to Bizerte , Tunisia . Returning from the second voyage , she arrived New York 16 October for repairs . " Leslie L . B . Knox " steamed from New York and 3 November rendezvoused with Escort Division 67 en route to the Pacific . After transiting the Panama Canal and touching the Galapagos , Society , and Solomon Islands , she arrived Hollandia , New Guinea , 11 December . From December 1944 through June 1945 , the ship was engaged in convoy escort duty , ASW patrols , and mail runs in the New Guinea and Philippine waters . She received her first battle star for convoy escort duty from Hollandia to Leyte Gulf 3 to 14 January 1945 in support of the Lingayen Gulf landing . During this mission , the convoy fought off Japanese kamikaze planes so that only one merchant ship was damaged . After the successful Lingayen Gulf landing , " Leslie L . B . Knox " continued convoy - escort and mail - run duties , earning two more battle stars for her work in the Manila Bay - Bicol Operation and the campaign to liberate the southern Philippine Islands . After V - J Day , she steamed to Okinawa , arriving 7 September 1945 for occupation duty and service along the coast of China . During this period the ship called at Jinsen , Korea , and Shanghai and Tsingtao , China . She departed 14 October for the United States , arriving San Diego 5 November . " Leslie L . B . Knox " decommissioned 15 June 1946 , and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at San Diego . Later she was berthed at Stockton , California . " Leslie L . B . Knox " received three battle stars for World War II service
American Volunteers The American Volunteers was a British provincial unit raised for service during the American Revolutionary War . This unit was raised in 1779 in New York under the command of Major Patrick Ferguson . It was sent to Charleston in 1780 and was virtually destroyed at the Battle of King ' s Mountain .
Clinton S . Breese Clinton S . Breese was an officer in the United States Army during World War I . He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . During the course of the war he was also awarded the Silver Star . His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads : " The President of the United States of America , authorized by Act of Congress , July 9 , 1918 , takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Second Lieutenant ( Air Service ) Clinton S . Breese , United States Army Air Service , for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 12th Aero Squadron , U . S . Army Air Service , A . E . F . , near Argonne , France , 2 November 1918 . While on an infantry contact mission , Lieutenant Breese and his pilot were attacked by four enemy planes and driven back , but realizing the importance of their mission , deliberately returned and attacked the four planes , sending one to the earth and driving the others away . Unmindful of the damaged condition of their plane and of their own danger , they then flew for an hour within 100 meters of the ground through a continuous heavy machine - gun fire until they had accurately located our front line positions . " His Silver Star citation reads : " By direction of the President , under the provisions of the act of Congress approved July 9 , 1918 ( Bul . No . 43 , W . D . , 1918 ) , Second Lieutenant ( Air Service ) Clinton S . Breese , United States Army , is cited by the Commanding General , American Expeditionary Forces , for gallantry in action and a silver star may be placed upon the ribbon of the Victory Medals awarded him . Second Lieutenant Breese distinguished himself by gallantry in action while serving with 12th Aero Squadron , American Expeditionary Forces , in action near Buzancy , France , while on a photographic mission during World War I . " Breese was born in Waukesha , Wisconsin .
Jean François Graindorge Jean François Graindorge ( 1 July 1770 – 1 October 1810 ) became a brigade commander during the Napoleonic Wars and was mortally wounded while leading his troops against the British at the Battle of Bussaco in Portugal . His surname is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe , on Column 38 . Career . On 1 July 1770 Graindorge was born at Saint - Pois in the province of Normandy in France . He joined the French army on 20 September 1791 as a lieutenant of the 1st " Orne " Volunteer Battalion . This unit soon became part of the 37th Line Infantry Demi - Brigade and fought with the Army of the North in 1792 and 1793 . Graindorge was wounded by a bullet in the right thigh near Maubeuge on 11 June 1792 .
Target drone A target drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle , generally remote control led , usually used in the training of anti - aircraft crews . In their simplest form , target drones often resemble radio - controlled model aircraft . More modern drones may use countermeasures , radar , and similar systems to mimic real aircraft . More advanced drones are made from large , old anti - ship missile s which had their warheads removed . Obsolete jet and propeller - powered aircraft ( such as the Fairey Firefly , Gloster Meteor and de Havilland Sea Vixen used at RAE Llanbedr between the 1950s and 1990s ) have also been modified into remote controlled drones , but such modifications are costly .
Pavlos Kouroupis Pavlos Kouroupis ( Greek : Παύλος Κουρούπης ) was a Greek soldier born in 1929 in Kalamata . An officer in the Hellenic Army , at the time of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 , he was a Lt . Colonel and CO of the 251st Battalion of the Cypriot National Guard , the unit closest to the Turkish landing site . With his unit , he opposed the Turkish army at the Battle of Pentemili beachhead , stalling its advance for two days . He was forced to retreat before vastly superior Turkish numbers . He was presumed dead during the defence of Keryneia .
John Beeley John Beeley VC ( 8 February 1918 – 21 November 1941 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Beeley was 23 years old , and a rifleman in the 1st Battalion , King ' s Royal Rifle Corps , British Army during Operation Crusader in the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 21 November 1941 at Sidi Rezegh , Libya , at an airfield being attacked by Rifleman Beeley ' s company , progress was held up by short range fire . All the officers of the company were wounded so , on his own initiative the rifleman ran forward over open ground , firing his Bren gun and at 20 yards range put an anti - tank gun and two machine - guns out of action . He was killed but his bravery inspired his comrades to further efforts to reach their objective , which was eventually captured , together with 100 prisoners . He is buried in the Knightsbridge War Cemetery , Acroma , Libya . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Green Jackets Museum in Winchester , England . A street in Openshaw , Manchester , has been named " John Beeley Avenue " in his honour
Conference of London ( 1920 ) In the Conference of London , ( 12 – 24 February 1920 ) , following World War I , leaders of Britain , France , and Italy met to discuss the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and the negotiation of agreements that would become the Treaty of Sèvres . Under the leadership of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George , Prime Minister of France Alexandre Millerand , and Prime Minister of Italy Francesco Saverio Nitti , the allied powers reached agreements that would form the basis of their arguments at the San Remo conference . Military administration of Constantinople . After the armistice of Mudros , the allies ' military administration was established in Constantinople on 13 November 1918 , but at that time they did not dismantle the Ottoman government or the Ottoman Sultan . The control of the Ottoman Empire was the main point of discussions during the conference . Most of the discussions were based on how to restrict the power of the Ottoman Sultan ( see Ottoman Caliphate ) and how to keep him in Constantinople , literally and politically , including the size of the Sultan ' s army and the sharing of the Dardanelles straits . A balance was sought to allow the Sultan to control the security of the Caliphate , but not to enable him to change the course of the peace settlements . The members were constantly informed about the Khilafat Movement which tried to protect the position of caliphate . However , the new Ottoman parliament deputies elected after the armistice met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions of independence ( Misak - ı Milli ( " National Oath " ) ) on 12 February 1920 . The Khilafat Movement try to influence the British government and protect the caliphate of the Ottoman empire and although mainly a Muslim religious movement , the Khilafat struggle became a part of the wider Indian independence movement . Conference of London decided to take actions , at least on Turkish national movement , and decided to shift from " de facto " occupation of the Constantinople to " de jure " occupation of Constantinople . Treaty of Sèvres . “ In the Treaty of Sèvres , drawn up by the London Conference , finalized by the San Remo conference , and signed by the Ottoman government at the French town of Sèvres on August 10 , 1920 , the Mandatory for Palestine was tasked with ‘ putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2 , 1917 , by the British Government , and adopted by the other Allied Powers , in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people ’ " /
Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial The Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial is located at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets in downtown Louisville , Kentucky , on the grounds of the old Jefferson County Courthouse . The Memorial honors all recipients of the Medal of Honor from the Commonwealth of Kentucky . The Memorial was sculpted by Doyle Glass and dedicated on Veterans Day 2001 . The Memorial features a life - size bronze statue of Medal of Honor recipient John C . Squires as he would appear on the night he earned the Medal of Honor . Squires , a native of Louisville , was killed in action in Italy during World War II . The statue of Squires stands on a granite base . A plaque on the base lists the names of each recipient of the Medal of Honor from Kentucky .
Legio XIX Legio undevigesima ( Nineteenth Legion ) was a Roman legion levied ( drafted into military service ) in 41 or 40 BC by Augustus . It was destroyed in 9 AD in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . The emblem of the XIXth legion is unknown , but probably was the Capricorn like other legions levied by Augustus . Their first assignment was in Sicily where Sextus Pompey , son of Pompey , was leading a revolt . This revolt put Rome ' s grain supply in peril and it needed a harsh response . In 30 BC , veterans of the XIX legion were settled near Pisa , and after that , the rest of the legion was allocated in the Rhine frontier with base camp at Cologne . The XIX legion participated in the German campaigns of Drusus ( 13 – 9 BC ) and Tiberius ( 8 – 5 BC ) . By the year 5 BC Germania was a Roman province and Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned as governor . In September 9 , Arminius , leader of the Cherusci and a Roman ally , set a trap . He had reported a major revolt of one of the western tribes and suggested the return of both governor and his legions to the Rhine . Varus accepted the suggestion and went with the XVII , XVIII and XIX legions . The army was trapped near Osnabrück and was completely destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . Between 16 and 18 , Germanicus , the leader of the Rhine armies , looked for the remains of the legions . After its destruction , the Romans never used this legion number again .
Richard S . Baron Lieutenant Commander Richard S . Baron , United States Navy , was killed March 15 , 1942 during the bombing of Cebu City , Philippine Islands . Prior to his death , he had received the Navy Cross for risking his life to recover classified documents during the bombardment of Cavite , Philippines . His namesake , the , a destroyer escort , was commissioned July 5 , 1943 . The commissioning was witnessed and sponsored by his widow , Mrs . Anne P . Baron .
USS Kanised ( SP - 439 ) USS " Kanised " ( SP - 439 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Kanised " was built as the private motor yacht " Tuscanola " in 1909 or 1910 at Long Branch , New Jersey . She later was renamed " Nahmeoka " and then " Kanised " . On 8 May 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired " Kanised " from her owner , Louis Kann of Baltimore , Maryland , for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I . She was commissioned as USS " Kanised " ( SP - 439 ) on 12 May 1917 with Ensign C . Van Voorhis , USNRF , in command . Assigned to the 5th Naval District at Norfolk , Virginia , " Kanised " operated in the Hampton Roads , Virginia , area for the rest of World War I . She served as a mail ship , on harbor patrol , and as flagship of Squadron 4 on the section patrol . After World War I ended on 11 November 1918 , " Kanised " remained at Norfolk , where she was stricken from the Navy List on 31 March 1919 and sold on 13 December 1919 to J . A . Mickelson of Morris Heights , the Bronx , New York .
18th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 18th Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 18th Wisconsin was organized at Milwaukee , Wisconsin and mustered into Federal service March 15 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on July 18 , 1865 at Louisville , Kentucky . Casualties . The 18th Wisconsin suffered 4 officers and 52 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds , plus another 2 officers and 167 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 225 fatalities .
John Wilson Murray John Wilson Murray ( 25 June 1840 – 12 June 1906 ) was born in Edinburgh , Scotland and came to North America as a young boy . He joined the United States Navy on 5 June 1857 and became a crew member of the USS Michigan . This ship operated out of Erie , PA , and carried out patrols on the Great Lakes as well as supervising the prison camp for Confederate officers at Johnson ' s Island on Lake Erie . As the source for Murray ’ s early life is his own writings , little reliance should be given them for details of his own participation in events aboard the " Michigan " . It is confirmed that he was an acting gunner on the ship in 1864 . In that year , two attempts were made to capture the ship and free the Confederate officers at Johnson ' s Island . It is unlikely that he played any significant role in these events . Murray left the navy on 31 January 1866 with an honourable discharge and 1868 became a detective with the Erie police force and in 1873 , joined the Canada Southern Railway as a detective . In 1875 , after Murray became Ontario ' s first full - time criminal detective with the title Detective for the Government of Ontario . He held the position until his death and solved hundreds of crimes including the murder of Cornwallis Benwell at the hands of J . W Birchall of Oxford County , Ontario . Murray was joined by two additional detectives in 1897 , marking the beginnings of the Criminal Investigation Branch of what would later become the Ontario Provincial Police . In 1904 , Murray published an account of his most memorable cases in the " Memoirs of a Great Detective " . His exploits inspired the CBC Television series " The Great Detective " . The " Million Dollar Counterfeiting " case . Murray ' s first case was to investigate the forgery of Canadian bills . The forgeries were identified by an expert at the US Treasury Department in Washington when he noticed the bills were suspiciously beautiful . Murray consulted with former counterfeiters ; they were impressed by the forgeries , which they declared could only be the work of master engraver Edwin Johnson , the " king of counterfeiting " . In 1880 , five years after the first forged bill was found , Johnson was arrested for using a fake bill to buy a necktie . He had printed one million dollars worth of counterfeit bills using 21 exceptionally engraved copper plates .
759th Bombardment Squadron The 759th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 459th Bombardment Group , stationed at Davis - Monthan Field , Arizona . It was inactivated on 16 June 1951 . History . Activated as a B - 24 Liberator heavy bombardment squadron in July 1943 ; assigned to II Bomber Command for training . Primarily trained in Utah and Arizona received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) in September 1943 . Moved to Massachusetts where the group flew long - range convoy escort missions over the Newfoundland Banks to Long Island Sound , November – December 1943 while station in Italy was being constructed . Deployed to Southern Italy in January 1944 ; entered combat in February , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force . Engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military , industrial and transportation targets in Italy , France , Germany , Austria , Hungary , Romania , and Yugoslavia , bombing railroad marshalling yards , oil refineries , airdrome installations , heavy industry , and other strategic objectives . Also carried out some support and interdiction operations . Struck bridges , harbors , and troop concentrations in August 1944 to aid the invasion of Southern France . Hit communications lines and other targets during March and April 1945 to support the advance of British Eighth Army and American Fifth Army in northern Italy . Returned to the United States in August 1945 , being programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations ( PTO ) as a B - 29 Superfortress Very Heavy Bombardment Squadron . Many combat veterans of MTO demobilized upon arrival in the United States , and a small cadre of personnel reformed at Sioux Falls Army Airfield , South Dakota at the end of August . Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation of unit and assigned personnel being reassigned to other group squadrons or demobilized . Reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 with B - 29s . Trained at Davis - Monthan Field , Arizona Activated in 1951 by Fifteenth Air Force due to the Korean War , aircraft and personnel being reassigned to Strategic Air Command combat groups deployed to Far East Air Forces ; inactivated shortly afterward .