naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Thomas Irving ( Medal of Honor ) Thomas Irving ( born 1842 , date of death unknown ) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for helping to free his grounded ship . Born in 1842 in England , Irving immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U . S . Navy . He served during the Civil War as a coxswain on the . On November 16 , 1863 , " Lehigh " was in Charleston Harbor providing support for Union troops on shore when the ship ran aground on a sand bar and came under heavy fire from Fort Moultrie . Despite intense Confederate artillery fire , Irving and fellow sailor Gunner ' s Mate George W . Leland rowed a small boat trailing a hawser from " Lehigh " to another Union ironclad , the . Both times , the cable snapped due to friction and hostile fire . Officers were about to give an " abandon ship " order when three more sailors , Landsman Frank S . Gile , Landsman William Williams , and Seaman Horatio Nelson Young , volunteered to make one more attempt . This last effort was successful and " Nahant " was able to tow " Lehigh " off the sandbar to safety . For this action , all five sailors involved in the operation were awarded the Medal of Honor on April 16 , 1864 . Irving ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : Served on board the U . S . S . " Lehigh " , Charleston Harbor , 16 November 1863 , during the hazardous task of freeing the " Lehigh " , which had grounded , and was under heavy enemy fire from Fort Moultrie . Rowing the small boat which was used in the hazardous task of transferring hawsers from the " Lehigh " to the " Nahant " . Irving twice succeeded in making the trip , while under severe fire from the enemy , only to find that each had been in vain when the hawsers were cut by hostile fire and chaffing . Irving was promoted to acting master ' s mate before leaving the Navy in January 1865 .
Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al - Owhali Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al - Owhali is one of the four former al - Qaeda members sentenced in 2001 to life without parole for their parts in the 1998 United States embassy bombings . The others are Mohammed Saddiq Odeh , Khalfan Khamis Mohamed , and Wadih el Hage . All four are in the supermax prison known as ADX Florence . A number of other suspects are still wanted or awaiting trial for this bombing . Militant activity . A Saudi from a wealthy family , Al - Owhali attended al - Qaeda ' s Khalden training camp in 1996 . He traveled to Kenya on a false passport under the name of Khalid Salim Saleh Bin Rashid , which he later claimed was provided by " Bilal " , whom American military tribunals at Guantanamo Bay have suggested was Abd al - Rahim al - Nashiri . During the Nairobi bombing , he had initially sat in the passenger seat of the Mitsubishi Canter , and threw a stun grenade at embassy guards before exiting the vehicle which the driver detonated . Osama bin Laden later offered the explanation that it had been his intention to leap out and shoot the guards to clear a path for the truck , but that he had left his pistol in the truck and subsequently ran off . Arrest and imprisonment . Kenyan doctors attending to al - Owhali were suspicious of his role in the event , and noted that his injuries showed he had his back to the explosion and suggested he may have been running from the scene . He was arrested August 12 , 1998 and confessed to his role in the bombing . He cooperated with the FBI willingly , and gave them the telephone number he had called before and following the bombing ; 967 - 1 - 200578 , a Yemeni phone number belonging to the father - in - law of Khalid Mihdhar ( who was a 9 / 11 hijacker and is thought to have helped organized the USS Cole bombing ) which turned out to be the key communications hub in Yemen for al - Qaeda militants . He eventually tipped off the Americans about the upcoming Kuala Lumpur al - Qaeda Summit where the plans for 9 / 11 and USS Cole bombing were finalized . In a successful bid to escape the death penalty , al - Owhali ' s lawyers played video clips from two cabinet members , attesting to the negative impact of sanctions which encouraged him to join Al - Qaeda . Provided evidence against other captives in the war on terror . The Summary of Evidence memo s prepared for the Combatant Status Review Tribunal s of the fourteen " high - value detainees " mentioned Al - Owhali . Fourteen " high - value detaninees " who had been held for years , in secret CIA interrogation camps transferred from CIA custory to military custody in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp s , in Cuba .
Führer der U - Boote The post of Führer der U - Boote ( FdU ) ( " Leader of the U - boats " ) was the senior commanding officer of the submarine service in the pre - World War II German Kriegsmarine , and the title of several senior commands during the war . From January 1936 and until 17 October 1939 , Karl Dönitz served in this position . Thereupon Dönitz was named " Befehlshaber der U - Boote ( BdU ) " ( " Commander of the U - boats " ) , and two subordinate FdU posts were established , " FdU West " ( " FdU West " ) and " FdU Ost " ( " FdU East " ) . In the further course of the war , several further posts were created :
Józef Batory Captain Józef Batory ( noms de guerre " Argus " , " Wojtek " ) was born in 1914 in Werynia , Poland . He fought in the 1939 Polish September Campaign , then was an active member of the anti - German resistance . In the early 1940s he became commandant of the Kolbuszowa district of the Home Army . From 1945 on , Batory became a leading member of the anti - Communist organization Wolnosc i Niezawislosc . Apprehended by the Communist Polish secret police , the UB , some time in late 1940s , he was executed on the evening of March 1 , 1951 in the infamous Mokotów Prison in Warsaw . The location of his grave is unknown . His body was never returned to his family .
Landing Helicopter Assault LHA , for Landing Helicopter Assault , is the US Navy hull classification symbol for the general purpose helicopter - carrying amphibious assault ship s of the " Tarawa " and the future " America " classes . They are used to transport Fleet Marine Force personnel and equipment while operating in a deployed Marine Expeditionary Unit . They normally travel in groups called Amphibious Ready Groups . These ships and their escorts are capable of anything from landing operations , to humanitarian operations . These vessels are built with a full flight deck similar in appearance to an aircraft carrier to operate utility and attack helicopters , they can also operate tilt rotor aircraft such as the MV - 22 Osprey and STOVL aircraft such as the AV - 8 Harrier and the F - 35B Lightning II . The first two ships of the new " America " - class , LHA - 6 and LHA - 7 , differ from both the older " Tarawa " - class LHAs and LHD s in that they will have no well deck , LHA - 8 and following ships will again include well deck facilities .
William R . Lloyd William Rees Lloyd , born 23 September 1916 in Monticello , Florida , enlisted in the United States Navy 9 October 1940 . He was appointed midshipman 15 December 1940 and commissioned ensign 14 March 1941 . Ensign Lloyd served briefly aboard " Luzon " ( PG - 47 ) , then reported to " Oahu " ( PR - 36 ) 26 September 1941 . He was killed in action 6 May 1942 when " Oahu " was sunk at Corregidor at the close of a long and gallant defense . For his valor , he was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Namesake . In 1943 , the destroyer escort USS " Lloyd " ( DE - 209 ) was named in his honor .
Trumpet major Trumpet major is an appointment in British Army cavalry regiment s or the Royal Horse Artillery , held by a sergeant ( or corporal of horse in the Household Cavalry ) or a more senior non - commissioned officer or warrant officer . His job is to supervise the training and deployment of trumpeters who blow daily duty and ceremonial calls . Trumpet majors were first appointed to the establishment in 1811 . The trumpet was originally a signalling instrument , but it has become purely ceremonial since the invention of radio .
543d Bombardment Squadron The 543d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 383d Bombardment Group stationed at Peterson Field , Colorado . It was inactivated on 1 April 1944 . History . Squadron activated in late 1942 as a B - 17 Flying Fortress Operational Training Unit for pilots and aircrews . Transitioned in April 1943 to a B - 24 Liberator Replacement Training Unit . Inactivated in April 1944 when heavy bombardment training was discontinued .
Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College The Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College is the highest - ranking official at the United States Army ' s Fort Leavenworth , Kansas , installation . The position is similar to the West Point Superintendent and is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university . Since 1976 , the commandant has been a Lieutenant General ( three stars ) and is also in charge of the United States Army Combined Arms Center which includes other training organizations at Fort Leavenworth . The General Staff College , which is a graduate school , trains a high number of United States Army field officer s , many of whom go on to become general officer s , including all of the five - star general s since World War II . The college is part of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command . Commandants . The college has the following list of commandants . There were also breaks during the Spanish - American War and World War I .
Camp Wellfleet Camp Wellfleet is a former United States military training camp . It occupies about of land located along the Atlantic Ocean in the Town of Wellfleet , Massachusetts . The 548th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion ( 75mm Gun ) used the Camp for a firing range from 1954 - 1956 . The majority of the site ( 1 , 688 . 8 acres ) is owned and maintained by the National Park Service , as the administrator of the Cape Cod National Seashore . The Town of Wellfleet owns a portion ( 49 . 2 acres ) of the site . It was officially opened on March 19 , 1943 . Military Use . For almost 19 years , the former Camp Wellfleet property was used by the U . S . Government for military training purposes . The United States Army also conducted several surface removal clearances prior to property transfer . The property was used by the Army as an anti - aircraft training center from 1942 to 1944 . In 1944 , the United States Navy obtained a permit to use a portion of the property as a temporary bomb target . The Navy returned the site to the Army in 1947 , and after World War II it was used as a training center for guardsmen and reservists . National Park Usage . In 1961 , the site was declared excess and conveyed to the United States Department of the Interior by President John F . Kennedy to establish the Cape Cod National Seashore . The periodic discovery of ordnance in beach areas heavily used by the general public , coupled with the potentially large volume of ordnance suspected to be at the site , resulted in the Corps ’ initiation of an Engineering Evaluation / Cost Analysis ( EE / CA ) at the site . In the 40 years since the military used the property , various ordnance items , including anti - aircraft projectiles , bazooka rounds , smoke grenades , and small arms ammunition have been recovered . The majority of this was found along the beach and dune areas due to wave action and erosion . Site Today . It is not uncommon to find bazooka and anti - aircraft rounds on the beach today . Recently , a helicopter was flown overhead to find ammunition and duds that might someday turn up .
Kirkwood Otey Kirkwood Otey ( October 18 , 1832 – June 1 , 1897 ) served as the commanding officer of the 11th Virginia Infantry in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War . Civil War service . Otey commanded the regiment first as a major , then as a colonel in the years 1864 - 1865 , until General Robert E . Lee ' s surrender to General Ulysses S . Grant at Appomattox Court House , Virginia , on April 9 , 1865 . While still a major in command of the 11th Virginia , Otey was wounded in the shoulder during the immortal frontal assault known as Pickett ' s Charge near Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . This occurred on the third and final day of the Battle of Gettysburg ( the bloodiest and probably most decisive engagement of the conflict ) , on July 3 , 1863 . Otey survived , however , and would serve as commanding colonel of the unit until the war ended . Postbellum . Otey died in 1897 and is buried in Lynchburg , Virginia ' s Spring Hill Cemetery next to his wife .
Breguet 17 The Breguet 17 was a biplane two - seat fighter developed in France towards the end of World War I and operated by that country during the 1920s . Design and development . The Breguet 17 was a derivative of the highly successful 14 bomber , but somewhat scaled down and carrying a more powerful engine and heavier machine gun armament in place of a bomb load . The French Army was impressed enough to place orders for 1 , 000 of these aircraft during 1918 , to be delivered the following year . The end of World War I also ended these plans , but some limited production did take place into the early 1920s . Operational history . The type was operated as the Bre . 17C . 2 with several escadrilles as a supplement to existing aircraft , but never formed the basis of any one unit on its own . A single example was converted into a prototype night fighter , but no production ensued .
Somme ( book ) Somme ( ISBN 0 - 7181 - 2254 - 2 ) is a First World War military history book by Lyn MacDonald , published in 1983 by Penguin Books . The battle . The Battle of the Somme started at Sunday 1 July 1916 leading to the biggest losses by Britain in one single day ( 19 , 240 dead , 35 , 493 wounded , 2 , 152 missing and 585 prisoners for a total loss of 57 , 470 ) . The battle ended on Tuesday 21 November 1916 . The main objective of this battle was to relieve the horrific battle at Verdun . Writer Lyn MacDonald . MacDonald has collected testimonies of soldiers involved in the battle of the Somme . Their stories are horrible . In the beginning , their stories show chauvinism , nationalism and patriotism , but later , with soldiers seeing the stalemate , despair of war . Afterwards everybody again agrees war is terrible .
Błyskawica radiostation The Błyskawica radiostation ( " " Lightning " radiostation " ) - an insurgent radio transmitter broadcasting from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 , since 8 August 1944 until the end of the struggle . The transmitter was constructed by Antoni Zębik pseudonym " Biegły " . Its signal was the melody of Warszawianka . Initially , the radio station was placed in the building of PKO ( " Pocztowa Kasa Oszczędności " , Engl . : " Postal Savings Bank " ) in Jasna 9 street . On 25 August it was moved to the " Adria " cafe in Moniuszki 10 street . On 4 September it was relocated to the building of the former USSR embassy in Poznańska 15 street and then to the Public Library in Koszykowa 26 street . The chief of the team was Stanisław Zadrożny pseudonym " Pawlicz " . His deputy was Zofia Rutkowska pseudonym " Ewa " , who assumed the care of the performance of the program . Jan Nowak - Jeziorański together with an RAF airman John Ward conducted English - language broadcasts . Zbigniew Świętochowski pseudonym " Krzysztof " , Stefan Sojecki , Zbigniew Jasiński and Mieczysław Ubysz worked as speakers . News and reportages were carried by Jacek Wołowski . The first words broadcast by this radiostation , spoken by Zbigniew Świętochowski , were as following : < br > " Hallo , here is Błyskawica speaking ! A radio transmitter of the Home Army in Warsaw , on 32 . 8 and 52 . 1 meter bands . < br > The spirit of Warsaw is wonderful . The women of Warsaw are wonderful . < br > They are everywhere , in the front line together with soldiers as nurses or liaison officers . < br > Even children are animated by a wonderful spirit of bravery . We greet all freedom - loving people of the world ! < br > Polish soldiers who fight in Italy , Polish pilots and mariners . " The radio broadcast also on the medium wave a subversive program addressed to Wehrmacht soldiers , as part of the " N " Action . On 4 October , when the uprising was drawing near the end , it broadcast the last , 10 - minute long , message . After this transmission , the radiostation was destroyed by the then chief of the team Jan Georgica pseudonym " Grzegorzewicz " . A replica of " Błyskawica " radiostation is in the Museum of the Warsaw Uprising . In " Jednodniówka " - a paper published on 1 August 2004 by this Museum , it was written that : < br > During the Warsaw Uprising , it also used another transmitter , called " Burza " ( " " Tempest " " ) constructed by Włodzimierz Markowski . It broadcast from 3 August in the building of the Main Post Office on Plac Napoleona ( now Plac Powstańców Warszawy ) .
Lancer Publishers & Distributors Lancer Publishers & Distributors is a publishing house founded in 1979 in India , specialising in military subjects . History . On independence of India in 1947 , most of the military literature available was from the western countries . The reason for this was that India had been under subjugation of the British for almost 200 years . The result was that almost all military training and analysis of military threats was taken from a foreign military analysis . In 1979 , a young military officer , Captain Bharat Verma , decided to create the first dedicated military publishing house called " Lancer " , with the aim to encourage Indian military officers to contribute military literature from an Indian viewpoint . Lancer pioneered this movement in the private sector and created enormous Indian military literature post - independence for the first time . This further resulted in Lancer creating a journal " Indian Defence Review " in 1986 to provide an independent and in - depth discussion on strategic affairs affecting Indian security .
Battle of Gestilren The Battle of Gestilren took place on July 17 , 1210 . The battle was fought between the exiled King of Sweden Sverker and the ruling King Eric . Sverker had been beaten in the previous Battle of Lena , but had returned with new forces . Sverker was killed in the battle . The exact strength of the armies are unknown , but it is believed that there were about 12 , 000 Danish soldiers , and at least 8 , 000 Swedish . The battle was a victory for the Folkung party of local autonomies against the centralising forces of Catholic monarchy . The party would rule the country until they were defeated at the Battle of Sparrsätra in 1247 . The location where this battle took place is the subject of a very long and very heated discussion between Swedish historians . Traditionally , the location was believed to be in Västergötland , where a monument ( ) was erected in 1910 to commemorate the seven centuries since the battle . Recently , archivist and historian Lars - Otto Berg has claimed that it was located at Gästre ( ) in Uppland , Sweden , since he found the farm name " Gestilren " fifteen times in the local church records during the years 1580 - 1630 . This is also close to the strongholds of the Folkunge party .
Tadeusz Kasprzycki Tadeusz Adam Kasprzycki ( 16 January 1891 , Warsaw – 4 December 1978 , Montreal ) was a member of the Polish Legions in First World War , major general of the Polish Army from 1929 and Minister of Military Affairs of Poland from 1935 to 1939 . He commanded the 12th Infantry Division from 1927 to 1931 . In 1939 he signed the Franco - Polish Military Alliance . Later , he was interned in Romania after the evacuation of the Polish government following Nazi Germany ' s invasion of Poland , and was only released in 1945 . After the end of the Second World War , he emigrated to Canada .
Chiefs of Staff ( Canada ) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification : the Royal Canadian Navy , the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force . The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff , the Chief of the General Staff , the Chief of the Air Staff and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher than the service heads . While Unification did not officially take place until 1968 , the committee was replaced by the Armed Forces Council in 1964 after the publication of a Defence White Paper which proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada ' s armed forces . The position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions .
Siege of Medina Fort The Siege of the Fort du Médine took place in 1857 at Médine near Kayes modern - day Mali , when the Toucouleur forces of El Hadj Umar Tall unsuccessfully besieged French colonial troops under General Louis Faidherbe , governor of Senegal . Origin . France at this time was struggling to create a West African empire to rival the holdings of its powerful neighbor Britain . The previous year , the French legislature had voted the first funds for what would become the Dakar - Niger railway line , a key transportation system to link France ' s colonies . As the railroad line expanded toward the east , the army established a series of forts , moving troops and cannon into them by steamship where possible and overland where not . In 1848 , Umar Tall launched his jihad against neighboring Malinké regions . By 1855 , his rapid expansion had led to several skirmishes with the French army . With the authorization of his ally , Khasso king Hawa Demba Diallo , Governor Faidherbe ordered a fort built at the Khasso city of Medina , not far from Kayes . The siege . In April 1857 , Umar Tall declared war against the Khasso kingdom , and marched on Medina Fort , their nearest outpost , with an army of 20 , 000 to 25 , 000 riflemen . He laid siege to the fort and began a series of assaults that resulted in hundreds of casualties for the Toucouleur army . In the 97 days that followed , the defenders ' food supplies soon ran low , and the fort was on the verge of surrendering when Faidherbe arrived by steamboat with supplies and 500 reinforcements , breaking the siege . Consequences . Realizing the difficulties of attacking the well - equipped French , Umar Tall turned his attention to the neighboring Bambara Empire , soon conquering most of its territory including its capital of Ségou . However , the French continued to expand their West African presence , conquering Ségou and the Toucouleur Empire less than thirty years after Umar Taal ' s death . Present - day Medine . The Fort du Medine is open to the public with inexpensive tours from French - speaking guides . The Fort is located about 12 km east of Kayes on the " road to Bamako . " There is also an old railroad station and European - style cemetery with graves from the mid - 19th century . The village population is around 1800 with a small market daily .
Louis Faury Louis Faury ( 21 July 1874 – 14 January 1947 ) was a French military commander . In the 1920s he acted as a chief of General Staff Academy in Poland . Well known to his Polish students under nickname " Papa Faury " . He was made General Officer commanding the 3rd Division in 1936 . From 23 August 1939 till 17 September 1939 , he led the French military mission in Poland ( till Soviet invasion of Poland ) . He retired from the French Army later on in 1939 .