naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
M84 stun grenade The M84 , also known as a flashbang or stun grenade , is the currently - issued stun grenade of the United States Army . Upon detonation , it emits an intensely loud " bang " of 170 – 180 decibels and a blinding flash of more than one million candela within five feet of initiation , sufficient to cause immediate flash blindness , deafness , tinnitus , and inner ear disturbance . Exposed personnel experience disorientation , confusion and loss of coordination and balance . While these effects are all intended to be temporary , there is risk of permanent injury or even death . Consequently , the M84 is classified as a Less - lethal weapon . Design . The M84 features a magnesium - based pyrotechnic charge inside a thin aluminum case , contained within a perforated cast steel body . Unlike traditional HE - based ordnance , the pyrotechnic charge produces a subsonic deflagration , not a supersonic detonation , minimizing the blast effects . On initiation , the inner aluminium case is designed to be consumed by the pyrotechnic compound , with only the auditory and visual elements of the deflagration being permitted to escape via the perforations in the cast outer body . This design minimizes the risk of collateral damage due to flame , blast and unconsumed fragments of the inner case . It is intended to be thrown into enclosed spaces to distract and temporarily incapacitate enemy personnel for easier capture , or when risk of collateral damage during urban warfare or hostage rescue operations contravenes the employment of traditionally lethal and destructive fragmenting high explosive ordnance . US Army doctrine calls for the M84 to be deployed " during building and room clearing operations , when the presence of noncombatant s is likely or expected and the assault element is attempting to achieve surprise . " However , while the M84 is generally incapable of igniting paper or cloth , it can still ignite extremely flammable liquids or vapors ( such as concentrated gasoline or ether fumes ) in the immediate area of the grenade .
SM U - 87 SM U - 87 was one of the 329 submarine s serving in the Imperial German Navy ( " Kaiserliche Marine " ) in World War I . " U - 87 " was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic .
USCGC Gallatin ( WHEC - 721 ) USCGC " Gallatin " ( WHEC - 721 ) is a U . S . Coast Guard " Hamilton " - class high endurance cutter based out of Charleston , South Carolina . Built at Avondale Shipyard s near New Orleans , Louisiana , " Gallatin " was named for Albert Gallatin , the fourth and longest serving United States Secretary of the Treasury .
Featherstone Castle Featherstone Castle , a Grade I listed building , is a large Gothic style country mansion situated on the bank of the River South Tyne about southwest of the town of Haltwhistle in Northumberland , England . In the 11th century the manor house on this site belonged to the Featherstonehaugh family . It has played an important role in the battles between the English and the Scots . Originally a 13th - century hall house , a square three - storey pele tower was added in 1330 by Thomas de Featherstonehaugh . A survey from the year 1541 reported the property to be a tower in good repair , occupied by Thomas Featherstonehaugh . The earliest recorded history of this area derives from the Roman occupation period ; in 122 AD , the Romans erected Hadrian ' s Wall , the course of which lies about 5 kilometres to the north of Featherstone Castle . Post medieval . In the 17th century the property was acquired by Sir William Howard ( father of the 1st Earl of Carlisle ) and was remodelled and substantially enlarged . The house was repurchased from the Earl of Carlisle in 1711 by Matthew Featherstonehaugh ( 1662 – 1762 ) . A survey of 1715 disclosed ' an ancient and well - built structure ' . The family remained in occupation until Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh sold the property to James Wallace about 1789 . His son Thomas Wallace carried out further alterations between 1812 and 1830 . Lord Wallace bequeathed the estate to his nephew Colonel James Hope ( 1807 – 1854 ) , ( son of the Earl of Hopetoun ) , who changed his name to Hope - Wallace . The various alterations to the structure have resulted in a large castellated and complex country house , rectangular in form with a central courtyard and towers at each angle . The property was sold in 1950 and became a boys ' preparatory school , known as Hillbrow School , named after the house where it had originally been established near Rugby School in the Midlands . Hillbrow by then was settled at Overslade House , which had been damaged by a landmine in 1940 . When in 1961 the school moved to their premises at Ridley Hall , Northumberland , Fetherstone Castle was converted to a residential conference and activity centre for young people and students .
Bullfinch - class destroyer Two " Bullfinch " - class destroyers served with the British Royal Navy ; and were both built by Earle ' s Shipbuilding company in Hull in 1898 . They were 345 - ton class C - class destroyers , sporting three funnels , and capable of a speed of , thanks to their Thornycroft boiler s . They were 210 feet long , generated 5 , 800 HP and carried a full complement of 63 officers and men . They were distinguished from other similar C - class boats by their flat - sided centre funnels and conspicuous steam pipes . They were armed with the standard twelve - pounder and two torpedo tubes , and served through the Great War , being broken up after the end of hostilities .
Henry D . Sokolski Sokolski served from 1989 to 1993 as the Deputy for Nonproliferation Policy in the Office of the Secretary of Defense , and later received the Secretary of Defense ' s Medal for Outstanding Public Service . Prior to this , he worked in the Secretary ' s Office of Net Assessment on proliferation issues . In addition to his Executive Branch service , Sokolski served from 1984 through 1988 as Senior Military Legislative Aide to Senator Dan Quayle , and as Special Assistant on Nuclear Energy Matters to Senator Gordon J . Humphrey from 1982 through 1983 . Sokolski also served as a consultant on proliferation issues to the intelligence community ' s National Intelligence Council . After his work in the Pentagon , he received a Congressional appointment to the Deutch Proliferation Commission , which completed its report in July 1999 . He also served as a member of the Central Intelligence Agency ' s Senior Advisory Panel from 1995 to 1996 . Sokolski has authored and edited a number of works on proliferation related issues including , " Best of Intentions : America ' s Campaign Against Strategic Weapons Proliferation " ( Westport , CT : Praeger , 2001 ) , " Falling Behind : International Scrutiny of the Peaceful Atom " ( Carlisle , PA : Strategic Studies Institute , 2008 ) ; " Taming the Next Set of Strategic Weapons Threats " ( Carlisle , PA : Strategic Studies Institute , 2006 ) , " Getting Ready for a Nuclear - Ready Iran " ( Carlisle , PA : Strategic Studies Institute , 2005 ) , and " Getting MAD : Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction Its Origins and Practice " ( Carlisle , PA : Strategic Studies Institute , 2004 ) . Sokolski has been a resident fellow at the National Institute for Public Policy , the Heritage Foundation and the Hoover Institution . He currently serves as an adjunct professor at The Institute of World Politics in Washington , D . C . , and has taught courses at the University of Chicago , Rosary College , and Loyola University . Sokolski attended the University of Southern California and Pomona College , and received his graduate education at the University of Chicago .
Frank Pace Frank Pace , Jr . ( July 5 , 1912 - January 8 , 1988 ) was the 3rd United States Secretary of the Army and a business executive . Biography . Pace was born in Little Rock , Arkansas , and attended The Hill School , Pottstown , Pennsylvania . In 1933 he graduated from Princeton University , and in 1936 from Harvard University . Pace entered public service in 1936 as an assistant district attorney in Arkansas . He moved onto the Arkansas Revenue Department in 1938 . In 1942 he was commissioned into the United States Army Air Forces as a second lieutenant where he served until 1945 in the Air Transport Command , Army Air Corps , reaching the rank of Major . After leaving the Army in 1945 he returned to public service as an assistant to the United States Attorney General , then later as executive assistant to the Postmaster General . He then moved in 1948 to the Bureau of the Budget , first as assistant director and then as director . On April 12 , 1950 he was appointed Secretary of the Army , where he served until January 20 , 1953 . He went on to serve as chief executive officer of General Dynamics Corporation from 1953 until 1962 . He was selected as the administrator - designate of the Emergency Transport Agency ; part of a secret group created by President Eisenhower in 1958 that would serve in the event of a national emergency that became known as the Eisenhower Ten . In 1964 , Pace joined David Rockefeller to launch the International Executive Service Corps , which was established to help bring about prosperity and stability in developing nations through the growth of private enterprise . Pace went on to serve as president of the IESC . Pace was the first chairman of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , from 1968 until 1972 . Pace appeared on the cover of " Time " magazine on January 20 , 1958 . Pace worked for the International Executive Service Corps . In the early 1970s he worked for the first Executive Service Corps ( ESC ) as a Management Support Organization ( MSO ) in New York . Pace died in Greenwich , Connecticut on January 8 , 1988 , aged 75 .
Royal Signals Museum The Royal Signals Museum is a military museum based at Blandford Camp northwest of the town of Blandford Forum in Dorset , England . The museum is the United Kingdom national museum of army communications . It presents the role of communications in wars and military campaigns over the last 150 years . The Royal Signals Museum was originally founded in Catterick , North Yorkshire during the 1930s . It moved to its current location of Blandford Camp in 1967 . A £1 million in 1989 enabled the construction of a new wing in 1995 and complete refurbishment of the exhibits , completed in 1997 . The museum was reopened in its new form on 28 May 1997 . The main purposes of the museum are to :
Berenice ( Seleucid queen ) Berenice , also called Berenice Syra , was the daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife Arsinoe I of Egypt . In 261 BC , she married the Seleucid monarch Antiochus II Theos , who , following an agreement with Ptolemy ( 249 BC ) , had divorced his wife Laodice I and transferred the succession to Berenice ' s children . In 246 BC , when Ptolemy died , Antiochus II took up again with his first wife , Laodice . The Syrian King died shortly after , many suspect from poisoning . Queen Berenice claimed the regency for her infant son Antiochus and conquered Soloia with her army , however , she and her son were both killed by Laodice as well . Berenice ' s brother , Ptolemy III Euergetes , succeeded their father and set about to avenge his sister ' s murder by invading Syria and having Laodice killed . This is also mentioned in the Book of Daniel 11 : 6 .
ROF Thorpe Arch ROF Thorp Arch was one of sixteen Second World War , UK government - owned Royal Ordnance Factory , which produced munition s by " filling " them . It was a medium - sized filling factory ( Filling Factory No . 9 ) . It was located on the banks of the River Wharfe , north east of the two villages of Boston Spa and Thorp Arch ; and four miles south east of the town of Wetherby , West Yorkshire in England . Design and production . War time . The Royal Ordnance Factory was constructed for the Ministry of Supply , with the Ministry of Works acting as agents . The site was connected to the London & North Eastern Railway line , which was used in its construction and then for supplying raw materials to the factory and for transporting away filled munitions . Construction work on Thorp Arch began on 18 May 1940 and the completion date was scheduled for the end of July 1941 . The site was divided into a number of separate Filling Groups which occupied different areas of the site and were devoted to filling specific type of ammunition . It produced munitions for both the Army and the Royal Air Force . It is believed to have had 619 buildings . In the Second World War it produced light gun ammunition , medium gun ammunition , heavy ammunition , land mine s and trench mortar ammunition for the Army ; medium and large bomb s for the RAF ; and , 20 mm and other small arms ammunition for all three services . Some of these were produced in quantities measured in millions and hundreds of millions of items . Post - war . ROF Thorp Arch closed down twice : firstly , after the end of the Second World War ; and then finally , in April 1958 four years after the end of the Korean War , as a result of planned cuts in the British Army published in the 1957 Defence White Paper . Current use . Part of the site is now in use as the Thorp Arch Trading Estate . Other parts are used to house the Northern Reading Room , Northern Listening Service and Document Supply Centre of the British Library . Another part is a prison , originally HMP Thorp Arch , now HMP Wealstun .
RF - 8 The RF - 8 , or GAZ - 98 , was an aerosan used by the Soviet Union during the Second World War . The GAZ - 98K was a version with a more powerful GAZ Shvetsov M - 11 five - cylinder air - cooled 110 - hp radial aviation engine in place of the standard automotive engine .
HMS Petersham ( M2718 ) HMS " Petersham " was a of the Royal Navy . Their names were all chosen from villages ending in " - ham " . The minesweeper was named after Petersham in Surrey . " Petersham " was one of fifteen Ham Class minesweepers commissioned for the French Navy . Unimaginatively re - christened with its hull number ; " M782 " it was not until 22 February 1964 that the vessel was renamed " Capucine " , ( Nasturtium ) , following the floral naming theme of the group . Based at Cherbourg , she saw active service on national and multi - national operations . In 1960 she was moved to Paris and in the late ' 60 ' s was mothballed back at Cherbourg . In the 1970s she was brought out of reserve , re - purposed as a training vessel and , in 1973 , re - classified as an auxiliary vessel . " Capucine " was taken out of service in April 1984 , the Ham class training ships being replaced by eight new " Leopard " class vessels . In September 1984 she was relocated to the naval cemetery at Landévennec with her siblings . In 1985 she was sold for scrap and dismantled at Brest .
SATUMA Mukhbar Mukhbar ( ) is a short range unmanned aerial vehicle designed and manufactured by SATUMA of Pakistan . Mukhbar is a scaled down version of the SATUMA Jassos II . The fuselage and wings are made of non - metallic materials to minimise radar signature . The UAV is fitted with an avionics suite including autopilot , telemetry , video transmitter and day light camera . Operated from a portable ground control station ( GCS ) , it has an operational radius of 30 – 50 km .
New York Rocket Battalion The Rocket Battalion of Artillery ( General Barry ' s ) , better known as the New York Rocket Battalion was an artillery battalion organized in the state of New York for service in the Union Army during the American Civil War . History . The battalion was organized at Albany , December 5 , 1861 , and there mustered in the United States service for three years , December 6 and 7 , 1861 . The three companies recruited originally — Ransom ' s , Lee ' s and Sauer ' s — were consolidated into two companies on December 5 and the battalion , commanded by Maj . Thomas W . Lion , left the state on December 9 . It served at and near Washington , D . C . , from December 1861 , and in North Carolina , ( 2nd Brigade , 2nd Division , Dept . of North Carolina ) , from May 1862 until February 11 , 1863 , when the battalion organization was discontinued . The two companies , A and B , were designated the 23d and 24th Batteries , Light Artillery , having served provisionally as such from November 1 , 1862 . The loss and engagements of the battalion are included in the record of the batteries into which its two companies were converted . Rocket artillery . During its months of service , the Rocket Battalion used eight breechloading cannon designed to fire Hale rockets . These were developed by Major Lions himself , and presented to President Lincoln shortly after the Battle of Bull Run in July 1861 . They proved very unreliable during tests and in combat , so after the battalion was disbanded , each battery received regular Twelve pounders instead .
111th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade ( United States ) The 111th Air Defense Artillery Brigade was an air defense artillery brigade of the United States Army . On 1 February 2008 , the New Mexico National Guard ceased its air defense mission and was reorganized and redesignated as a maneuver enhancement brigade . Similar to a special troops battalion , its mission is to support units of the Regular Army .
Saidor Airport Saidor Airport is an airport in Madang Province , Papua New Guinea . . It is a general aviation airport located at the coast near Saidor , near Saul Point with Dekys Bay to the east and the Bismarck Sea to the north . History . A pre - World War II airfield , after the US Army landing at Saidor on 2 January 1944 to liberate the area from the Japanese , construction of a single runway running roughly ESE to WNW began . Initially , the airfield was only usable by light Liaison planes , later it was expanded to include extensive taxiways and revetments on the north and south side of the runway , and an apron at each edge of the runway . At the time of construction , Saidor was the most forward airfield for Allied aircraft striking Japanese to the west . Many planes refueled and made emergency landings at the airfield .
St . Mary ' s Tower St . Mary ' s Tower or Santa Maria Tower , ( Maltese : it - Torri ta ' Santa Marija ) is a fortification on the island of Comino in the Malta archipelago . One can see it easily from the ferry that crosses from Malta to Gozo . Origins . In 1618 the military engineer Vittorio Cassar designed the tower for Grand Master Alof de Wignacourt of the Knights of Malta . Funds for its construction were raised primarily by means of the sale of Comino brushwood . Located roughly in the centre of the southern coast of the island , it formed part of a chain of defensive towers – the Wignacourt , Lascaris , and De Redin towers – installed at vantage points along the coastline of the Maltese Islands . St . Mary ' s Tower greatly improved communications between the islands of Malta and Gozo . The tower also stopped Turkish corsairs from using the island ' s creeks as a base from which to harry boats from Gozo . Batteries on the coast of Comino had a garrison of 130 men and housed eight 32 - pounder and ten 24 - pounder cannons , which dominated the North and South Comino Channels . Design and layout . The tower is a large , square building with four corner turrets , and is located about 80 metres above sea level . The Tower itself is about 12 metres tall , with walls that are approximately 6 metres thick , and is raised on a platform and plinth that are approximately 8 metres high . During times of crisis its garrison numbered up to 60 soldiers . By 1791 , its armament included two 12 - pound iron cannon , one 10 - pound bronze cannon , one 4 - pound bronze cannon , and two 3 - pound bronze cannon . Later history . In the 17th century , Comino served as a place of imprisonment or exile for errant knights . Knights who were convicted of minor crimes were occasionally sentenced to the lonely and dangerous task of manning St . Mary ' s Tower . During the French Blockade ( 1798 – 1800 ) , St . Mary ' s Tower served as a prison for suspected spies . In the 1799 insurrection against the French , the insurgents transferred the tower ' s cannons to Malta to bombard the French positions inside Valletta . In 1829 the British Military abandoned the tower . For several decades it was deemed to be property of the local civil authorities , and may have been used as an isolation hospital , or even as a wintering pen for farm animals . The tower again saw active service during both World War I and World War II . Since 1982 , the tower has been the property of the Armed Forces of Malta . It now serves as a lookout and staging post to guard against contraband and the illegal hunting of migratory birds at sea . St . Mary ' s Tower underwent extensive restoration between 2002 and 2004 . Today , it remains the most notable structure on Comino , and provides a destination for tourists walking around the island .
Distinguished Intelligence Cross The Distinguished Intelligence Cross is the highest decoration awarded by the United States Central Intelligence Agency . It is the agency ' s equivalent of the military ' s Service Cross , i . e . , Navy Cross , Army Cross , Air Force Cross . It has been said that the DIC is the equivalent to the Medal of Honor , but the MOH is awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the US Congress and the DIC is awarded by the CIA . The cross is awarded for " a voluntary act or acts of extraordinary heroism involving the acceptance of existing dangers with conspicuous fortitude and exemplary courage . " Only a few dozen people have been awarded this medal in the history of the agency , making it one of the rarest awards for valor in the United States . The Central Intelligence Agency has two awards for Valor ; the other is the Intelligence Star , which is analogous to the military ' s Silver Star .
Semen Zhavoronkov Marshal of Aviation Semen Fedorovich Zhavoronkov ( 1899 , Vichuga - 1967 ) was commander of the Soviet Naval Air Force during World War II ( 1939 - 1945 ) . Under his leadership , aviators of the Baltic Navy ' s Order of the Red Banner made a number of air strikes on military and industrial facilities in and around Berlin that began in August and September 1941 . In February 1945 , Zhavoronkov organised the flights of delegations to the Yalta conference . From 1949 to 1957 , he was head of Aeroflot , the Soviet national civilian airline . He retired from the military in 1959 . Zhavboronkov was awarded many orders and medals .