naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USNS Albert J . Myer ( ARC - 6 ) USNS " Albert J . Myer " ( ARC - 6 ) was the second of only two Maritime Commission type S3 - S2 - BP1 ships built for the US Army near the end of World War II . The other ship was the " William H . G . Bullard " , later USS " Neptune " , which " Myer " later joined in naval service . She is named for Brig . Gen . Albert J . Myer , the founder of the Army Signal Corps . The keel was laid down on 14 April 1945 by Pusey & Jones Corp . of Wilmington , Delaware as Hull Number 1109 . " Albert J . Myer " was launched on 7 November 1945 , and sponsored by Mrs . Grace Salisbury Ingles , the wife of Major General Harry C . Ingles , commanding officer of the Army Signal Corps . After brief reactivation by Army Myer was transferred to the Navy for service as USNS " Albert J . Myer " ( T - ARC - 6 ) . Function . " Myer " ' s projects have typically been to transport , deploy , retrieve and repair submarine cables , test acoustic devices , and conduct acoustic , hydrographic , and bathymetric surveys . Career . U . S . Army . Since World War II ended some eight months before her completion , the " Albert J . Myer " was delivered to the Maritime Commission 17 May 1946 and placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet , James River Group , Lee Hall , Virginia . " Myer " was again taken in by the US Army , 7 February 1952 commissioned as USACS " Albert J . Myer " where she worked on the Alaska Communications System , projects for Navy and Air Force and the Hampden , Newfoundland shore ends of CANTAT - 1 ( CANadian TransAtlantic Telephone cable ) . U . S . Navy . " Myer " was returned to the Maritime Administration ( MARAD ) , 13 June 1966 , and simultaneously transferred to the US Navy where she served as the cable repair ship operated by the Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) ( later Military Sealift Command ( MSC ) ) as USNS Albert J . Myer ( T - ARC - 6 ) in support the SOSUS program . The " Albert J . Myer " was extensively modernized in 1980 by Bethlehem Steel in Baltimore , Maryland . This included new turbo - electric engines replacing two Skinner Uniflow Reciprocating Steam Engines . It is said that " Myer " and her sister ship " Neptune " were the last ships in the Navy to operate using reciprocating steam engines . " Myer " performed cable repair duties all over the world until 1994 , when she ' d been in active service for nearly 42 years . During her career , she received a Meritorious Unit Commendation ( 1974 ) , and four Navy E ribbons ( 1981 , 1982 , 1984 , and 1985 ) . She was inactivated in 1994 and eventually placed in the James River reserve fleet near Ft . Eustis , VA . She was dismantled and recycled by International Shipbreaking Ltd of Brownsville , TX in late 2005 .
903d Military Airlift Group The 903d Military Airlift Group is an inactive United States Air Force Reserve unit . It was last active with the 514th Military Airlift Wing , based at McGuire Air Force Base , New Jersey . It was inactivated on 1 July 1973 . History . Following the mobilizations in 1961 and 1962 for the Berlin Crisis and the Cuban Missile Crisis , Continental Air Command ( ConAC ) realized that it was unwieldy to mobilize an entire wing unless absolutely necessary . Their original Table of Organization for each Wing was a wing headquarters , a troop carrier group , an Air Base Group , a maintenance and supply group , and a medical group . In 1957 , the troop carrier group and maintenance and supply groups were inactivated , with their squadrons reassigned directly to the wing headquarters - despite the fact that many wings had squadrons spread out over several bases due to the Detached Squadron Concept dispersing Reserve units over centers of population . To resolve this , in late 1962 and early 1963 , ConAC reorganized the structure of its reserve Troop Carrier Wings by establishing fully deployable Troop Carrier Groups and inserting them into the chain of command between the Wing and its squadrons at every base that held a ConAC troop carrier squadron . At each base , the group was composed of a material squadron , a troop carrier squadron , a tactical hospital or dispensary , and a combat support squadron . Each troop carrier wing consisted of 3 or 4 of these groups . By doing so , ConAC could facilitate the mobilization of either aircraft and aircrews alone , aircraft and minimum support personnel ( one troop carrier group ) , or the entire troop carrier wing . This also gave ConAC the flexibility to expand each Wing by attaching additional squadrons , if necessary from other Reserve wings to the deployable groups for deployments . As a result , the 903d Troop Carrier Group was established with a mission to organize , recruit and train Air Force Reserve personnel in the tactical airlift of airborne forces , their equipment and supplies and delivery of these forces and materials by airdrop , landing or cargo extraction systems . The group was equipped with C - 119 Flying Boxcar s for Tactical Air Command airlift operations . The 903d TCG was one of three C - 119 groups assigned to the 514th TCW in 1963 , the others being the 904th Troop Carrier Group at Stewart AFB , New York and 905th Troop Carrier Group at Bradley Field , Connecticut . In 1970 , was re - aligned to Military Airlift Command , becoming reserve C - 141 Starlifter intercontinental heavy - lift transport group along with the assigned 943d Troop Carrier Group at Dover AFB , Delaware . Inactivated in 1973 as part of the drawdown of forces after the Vietnam War .
448th Fighter - Bomber Wing The 448th Fighter - Bomber Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was to the Fourteenth Air Force , stationed at Hensley Field , Texas . It was inactivated on 16 November 1957 . History . Trained as a Reserve bombardment wing under supervision of the 2347th Air Force Reserve Training Center , 1949 - 1951 . Lost more than half of its personnel in the call - up of another wing in August 1950 as a result of the Korean War . Ordered to active service in March 1951 , but personnel used as fillers in other units . Replaced the 8708th Pilot Training Wing in May 1955 and trained as a Reserve fighter - bomber wing assigned to Tactical Air Command until inactivated in 1957 due to budget restrictions .
Battle of the Oinousses Islands The twin battles of the Oinousses ( Turkish : " Koyun Adaları Deniz Muharebesi " ) comprised two separate actions , on 9 and 19 February 1695 near the Oinousses Islands ( Turkish : Koyun Adaları ) , off Cape Karaburun in western Anatolia , between a Venetian fleet under Antonio Zeno and the Ottoman fleet under Mezzo Morto Hüseyin . The result of the first battle was a Venetian defeat , and although the second engagement ended in a draw , the Venetian position in Chios became untenable , forcing Zeno to abandon the island . In the first engagement , Venetian casualties were 142 killed and 300 wounded on the sailing ships , excluding the three ships lost , and 323 killed and 303 wounded on the galleys . All together , less than 2500 casualties . In the second engagement , the Venetians were at a numerical disadvantage , due to the loss of three ships and the absence of the damaged " San Vittorio " . Venetian deaths were 132 , and " Fama Volante " was damaged , along with 2 Ottoman sailing ships .
Nicolas Godinot Deo - Gratias - Nicolas Godinot ( 1 May 1765 – 27 October 1811 ) was a " Général de Division " of the First French Empire who saw action during the Peninsular War . He was made " Chef de Brigade " of the 25th Légère on 30 June 1799 and rose to become Colonel of that regiment in 1803 . Godinot gained promotion to " Général de Brigade " on 1 February 1805 , and on 10 May 1811 rose further to " Général de Division " . He led his brigade in a feint - attack against the village of Albuera during the Battle of Albuera on 16 May 1811 . He defeated a Spanish force at the Battle of Zujar on 9 August 1811 . Godinot was made the scapegoat for an operation that failed to trap Francisco Ballesteros in the autumn of 1811 . ( See the Battle of Bornos article . ) Despondent , Godinot took his own life . Aside from his military rank , Godinot became a Commander of the Légion d ' Honneur on 9 March 1806 , and was made a Baron of the Empire on 27 July 1808 .
National Security Corps Państwowy Korpus Bezpieczeństwa ( Polish for " National Security Corps " , short PKB , sometimes also referred to as " Kadra Bezpieczeństwa " ) was a Polish underground police force organized by the Armia Krajowa and Government Delegate ' s Office at Home under German occupation during World War II . It was trained as the core of the future police forces during the assumed all - national uprising and after the liberation . The first commander of the Corps was Lt . Col . Marian Kozielewski . He was later replaced by Stanisław Tabisz . In October 1943 the PKB had 8 400 officers , until early 1944 the number grew to almost 12 000 . The PKB was created by the Department of the Internal Affairs of the Delegate ' s Office in 1940 , mostly from members of the pre - war Polish police and volunteers . PKB carried out investigation and criminal intelligence duties as well as gathered reports of the Gestapo and Kripo in the General Government . It enforced the verdicts prepared by the Directorate of Civil Resistance and Directorate of Underground Resistance and passed by the Special Courts . A unit of PKB commanded by Henryk Iwański distinguished itself during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 .
Granatwerfer 42 The " 12 cm Granatwerfer " 42 ( literally , " grenade thrower Model 42 " ; official designation : 12 cm GrW 42 ) was a mortar used by Germany during World War II . Developed in 1942 , the 12 cm ( about 4 . 7 in ) GrW 42 was an attempt to give German infantry units a close support weapon with a heavier performance than the mortars used in general service at the time . This weapon was very similar to the mortar used by Soviet forces on the Eastern Front which in turn was an improved version of the French 120 mm Brandt m35 mortar . The 120 mm Brandt m35 was used in limited quantities during the battle of France and exported to the USSR and other nations before the country ' s capitulation in 1940 . The Soviet PM 38 120 mm mortar , were captured in large quantities during the war in the East and pressed into service by the Germans and other Axis nations before the introduction of similar nationally produced 12 cm mortar designs . The captured Soviet mortar was given the following designation in German use ; 12 cm " Granatwerfer " 378 ( r ) . The GrW 42 was basically the usual three part construction made up of a circular base plate like the previous Soviet design , the tube itself and the supporting bipod . Because of the greater weight of the weapon ( 280 kilograms or 620 pounds ) a two wheeled axle was utilised , enabling the mortar to be towed into action . The axle could then be quickly removed before firing . The maximum range of the GrW 42 , firing a 15 . 6 kg projectile , was approximately 6 , 050 m with an elevation of between 45 and 85 degrees . It has a maximum traverse of 16 degrees .
Rion Causey Rion Causey ( January 6 , 1948 ) was born in Perry , Georgia , USA , and is a scientist and manager at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore , California . Earlier in his life , he was a member of the somewhat notorious Tiger Force . Biography . He joined the US Army on July 4 , 1966 , and arrived in Vietnam as a paratrooper medic in September 1967 . He joined the Tiger Force through a coin toss with another medic . Causey was not present with the Tiger Force during the Song Ve Valley operation but was present for Operation Wheeler . Both operations are considered very controversial due to the reports of atrocities committed by the Tiger Force . PFC Causey was wounded in early March 1967 by American artillery during an ambush near the village of Phu Loc . After leaving the Army in July 1969 , Causey entered North Carolina State University as a freshman in nuclear engineering where eight years later , he was awarded a Ph . D . with highest honors . Afterwards , Causey taught for two years at Texas A & M University and five years at the University of Virginia . He then joined Sandia National Laboratories where he has worked in the area of fusion engineering for the last 24 years .
Werner Forst Werner Forst ( 21 December 1892 – 3 February 1971 ) was a German general who held several divisional commands during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves were awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Shiloh ( 1865 ) USS " Shiloh " was a single - turreted , twin - screw monitor that was slated to enter service with the United States Navy . The contract for her construction was awarded on 24 June 1863 to George C . Bestor of Peoria , Illinois . Her keel was laid down later that year at the yard of Charles W . McCordat of St . Louis , Missouri . However , while " Shiloh " was still under construction , , one of the first of the " Casco " - class monitors to be launched , was found to be unseaworthy . Design revisions . Though the original designs for the " Casco " - class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson , the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C . Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F . Du Pont ' s failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863 . By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City , Ericsson and Simers had a poor relationship , and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board . This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design . US $ 14 million was allocated for the construction of these vessels . It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only . Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage . He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by to make them seaworthy . On 25 June 1864 , the Navy Department ordered " Shiloh ' s " builder to raise her deck to give her sufficient freeboard , then on 17 June 1865 , after the end of the Civil War had prompted an American naval retrenchment , work on " Shiloh " was ordered suspended . Nevertheless , it was decided to proceed with her launching ; and an unsuccessful attempt to get her off the ways was made on 3 July 1865 . After much labor , the ship finally entered the water 11 days later . Fate . " Shiloh " saw no service before being laid up in 1866 at Mound City , Illinois . On 15 June 1869 , she was renamed . In the same year , she was moved to New Orleans and laid up there . On 17 September 1874 , the monitor was commissioned ; but she saw no significant service before she was decommissioned on 5 October 1874 and again laid up at New Orleans on 15 October 1874 . She was sold later that year .
USCGC Bear ( WMEC - 901 ) USCGC " Bear " ( WMEC - 901 ) is a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter . She was laid down August 23 , 1979 and launched September 25 , 1980 by the Tacoma Boatbuilding Company of Tacoma , Washington . She was commissioned February 4 , 1983 . She was named for USRC " Bear " ( AG - 29 ) , a steam barquentine that was built in Scotland and served the United States Treasury Department in the United States Revenue Cutter Service ' s Alaskan Patrol . In 1986 , " Bear " responded to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster by searching over 1900 square nautical mile s ( 6 , 500 km² ) . During any given patrol , " Bear " conducts a wide - spectrum of missions such as search and rescue , alien migrant interdiction operations , counter - drug patrols , fisheries enforcement , and international engagement — illustrating the versatile , multi - mission character of the Coast Guard and the cutter fleet . Since her commissioning she has made 18 significant drug seizures involving 12 marijuana and 6 cocaine busts .
Acoustic mine An acoustic mine is a type of naval mine which monitors audio activity in its vicinity . Depending on its design , it will either actively send out audio pulses , not unlike a sonar , listening to the speed at which the echo returns to it or passively listen to its environment , depending only on the noise that is made without its interference . Further variants exist , as this mine may either freely drift , be moored at a certain location and depth , or lie at the bottom of the ocean floor . Usage . In the broad discussion of naval warfare , an acoustic mine is defined as one being equipped with a hydrophone that functions as a main listening device for the mine itself . This hydrophone listens for particular noises made by any ship or vessel ' s machinery ( propellers ) and also detects normal clanks from the hull of any ship . An acoustic mine is mainly operated by its diaphragm located inside the hydrophone . This diaphragm is actuated when a certain noise reaches a predetermined intensity and time . Therefore this initiates the closing of a switch causing an electrical circuit to then complete and for the mine to detonate . This then leads to the question as to whether or not these mines detonate under false pretenses one being normal oceanic activity ? For the majority of the time the answer to this question is simply " no " due to one main reason . Unlike pressure mines that detonate under the circumstance of water displacement caused by the hull of a ship , acoustic mines have a set range that is determined before it is laid . This means that it is supposed to receive a signal to detonate only when sounds are within this range ( normal range intensity usually set close to the noise produced by a vessel ' s propellers ) . However , there is one drawback to the invention of the acoustic mine that disturbs its effectiveness . Its ability to accumulate dirt and other sea organisms is quite intense meaning that at anytime it may fail to work or detonate on accident . Bibliography . Levie , Howard S . Mine Warfare at Sea . Norwell , MA . Kluwer Academic Publishers , 1992 .
Discoveries in Australia Discoveries in Australia ; with an account of the coasts and rivers explored and surveyed during the voyage of H . M . S . Beagle , in the years 1837 - 38 - 39 - 40 - 41 - 42 - 43 , by command of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty . Also a narrative of Captain Owen Stanley ' s visits to the islands in the Arafura Sea . , widely known as Discoveries in Australia , is an 1846 two - volume work by John Lort Stokes . It comprises the edited journals of the explorations and surveys , both maritime and inland , of Stokes and other members of the crew of HMS " Beagle " , during a surveying expedition in Australia that lasted from 1837 to 1843 . The work is of immense historical significance , as a great many places in Australia were discovered during the expedition , and the names and locations of these places were published for the first time in " Discoveries in Australia " . In his " Australian Rare Books 1788 - 1900 " , Jonathon Wantrup describes " Discoveries in Australia " in the following terms :
Aero A . 104 The Aero A . 104 was a parasol monoplane light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft built in Czechoslovakia during the 1930s . It was the final derivative of the Aero A . 100 , and was essentially an Aero Ab . 101 with an enclosed cockpit and without the lower wing . Although two different prototypes flew in 1937 , it was not mass - produced .
Castle Cornet Castle Cornet is a large island castle in Guernsey , and former tidal island , also known as Cornet Rock or Castle Rock , which has been part of one of the breakwaters of St Peter Port ' s harbour , the main one in the island , since 1859 . Geography . The island measures about two hectares in area , with a length of 175 metres and a width of 130 metres . It lies not quite 600 metres east of the coast of Guernsey . History . Formerly a tidal island , like Lihou on the west coast of Guernsey , it was first fortified as a castle between 1206 and 1256 , following the division of the Duchy of Normandy in 1204 . In 1339 when a French force captured the island and occupied it for several years , Cornet was besieged and captured , and the garrison massacred . With the advent of cannon and gunpowder , the castle was remodelled between 1545 and 1548 . Prof . John Le Patourel , in " The Building of Castle Cornet " mentions that in 1566 , iron and hammers were taken to " Creavissham " ( i . e . Crevichon ) , and that island quarried for the castle . It served as official residence of the Governor of Guernsey until 1672 when the keep was catastrophically destroyed . A bolt of lightning struck the magazine of the castle , destroying the keep and a number of living quarters . The Governor at the time was Lord Hatton . His mother , wife and a number of members of staff were killed in the explosion . It became integrated into the breakwater after the period of the Napoleonic Wars . Along the breakwater , a pond for toy yachts was constructed in 1887 for Queen Victoria ' s Diamond Jubilee , which served as a seaplane base during World War I . In World War II , it became occupied by a small group of German troops . It was presented to the people of Guernsey in 1945 by the Crown . Present day . The castle incorporates the following museums : It also has a restaurant , and hosts outdoor theatre performances during the summer months .
Siege of Jerusalem ( 1244 ) The 1244 Siege of Jerusalem took place during the Sixth Crusade , when the Khwarezm conquered the city on July 15 , 1244 . As context , Frederick II , Holy Roman Emperor led the Sixth Crusade to the Holy Land in 1228 , and claimed the kingship of Jerusalem by right of his wife , Queen Yolande of Jerusalem , who had inherited the title of ' Queen of Jerusalem ' from her mother , Maria of Montferrat , the wife of John of Brienne . The size of Frederick II ' s army and his reputation within the Islamic world was sufficient to regain Jerusalem , Bethlehem , Nazareth and a number of neighbouring castles without violence . These were recovered by treaty with the Ayyubid Sultan Al - Kamil . However , Jerusalem did not remain for long in Christian hands , as there was not enough territory around it in Christian hands to make it defensible . The Ayyubids invited the Khwarazmian clans to reconquer the city . In the siege and subsequent fall of the city on July 15 , 1244 the Khwarezmians completely razed Jerusalem , leaving it in ruins and useless to both Christians and Muslims . The Seventh Crusade under Louis IX of France was motivated by this massacre , but it accomplished little except to replace the Ayyubids and Khwarazmians with the more powerful Mamluks as the Crusaders ' main opponents in 1250 .