naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
No . 145 Wing RAF No . 145 Wing RAF was a formation of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . It comprised No . 341 Squadron RAF , No . 74 Squadron RAF , No . 329 Squadron RAF , No . 345 Squadron RAF and No . 575 Squadron RAF .
Bremetennacum Bremetennacum , or Bremetennacum Veteranorum , was a Roman fort on the site of the present day village of Ribchester in Lancashire , England ( ) . ( Variant names include " Bremetonnacum " , " Bremetenracum " or " Bresnetenacum " ) . The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument . The site guarded a crossing - point of the River Ribble . The first known Roman activity was the building of a timber fort , believed to have been constructed during the campaigns of Petillius Cerialis around AD 72 / 3 . This was replaced by a stone fort in the 2nd century . For most of its existence the fort was garrisoned by Sarmatian auxiliaries , first stationed in Britain by Marcus Aurelius in 175 . Prior to that it is suggested that the fort was garrisoned by the " Ala II Asturum " from Spain , but there is some uncertainty about this . Pottery evidence indicates that the fort was occupied for most of the 4th century until the end of the Roman period .
Aleksander Gabszewicz Aleksander Klemens Gabszewicz ( 6 December 1911 – 10 October 1983 ) was a Polish fighter pilot and a World War II fighter ace , with a score of 9½ confirmed and 2 probable kills . Biography . Born in Szawle , then in Russian Empire , in 1931 he joined the Polish Army . Initially serving as an infantry NCO , in 1938 he graduated from the Dęblin - based " Eagles ' School " and was attached to the air wing of the Border Defence Corps . Just before World War II he was a tactical officer of the IV / 1 Fighter Group . After the outbreak of the Polish September Campaign on 1 September 1939 , around 9 AM , he scored his first kill , a Heinkel He 111 of 5 . ( K ) / LG 1 unit over Ciechanów . According to some authors , it was the first kill of a German plane in World War II . Downed the same day , he made it to France where he became the CO of the 5th key of Groupe de Chasse III / 10 covering Besançon . There , while piloting a Bloch 151 , he downed a Dornier Do 17 . After the capitulation he made it to the United Kingdom , where he served in the ranks of No . 607 Squadron RAF and No . 303 Polish Fighter Squadron . In December 1940 he was posted as a flight commander in No . 316 Polish Fighter Squadron . He became Commanding officer in November 1941 . He was posted to 11 Group HQ in June 1942 , and then as an instructor to 58 OTU until June 1943 . He was then made Wing Commander / Flying of 2nd Polish Wing and finally the 1st Polish Wing . He was also attached to the 56th USAAF Fighter Group in December 1943 , and then to the Command of 131 Wing RAF in February 1944 , leading the wing during the invasion of Normandy . He then became C . O . of RAF Coltishall in February 1945 . He ended the war in the rank of generał brygady and remained in exile in the UK . He died in Malvern in 1983 . His ashes were brought to Poland in 1992 and dispersed over Warsaw and Dęblin .
USS Wilrose II ( SP - 195 ) USS " Wilrose II " ( SP - 195 ) - - also referred to in United States Navy records as USS " Wild Rose , USS " Wildrose , and USS " Wilrose " - - was a U . S . Navy patrol vessel in service from 1918 to 1919 . " Wilrose II " was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1908 by S . P . Noch at Stamford , Connecticut . The U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , R . H . Meyer of Jacksonville , Florida , on 3 May 1918 at Jacksonville for World War I service as a patrol vessel . She was placed in service as USS " Wilrose II " ( SP - 195 ) on 8 May 1918 . " Wilrose II " served with the section patrol contingent of the 6th Naval District , which then included the coasts of South Carolina , Georgia , and Florida as far south as the St . Johns River . She was responsible for patrolling along that coastline and its harbors to protect them against enemy attack , primarily against the German submarine menace . She pursued that duty through 11 November 1918 , when the armistice with Germany ending World War I made such patrols unnecessary . After the war , she remained in active service in the 6th Naval District at least until the waning months of 1919 . In January 1920 , " Wilrose II " was slated for sale , and she was sold on 10 March 1920 to the Charles Dry Dock and Machine Company of Charleston , South Carolina . Presumably , her name was stricken from the Navy List concurrently with the sale .
Hazelton Nicholl Air Vice Marshal Sir Hazelton Robson Nicholl KBE CB ( 14 January 1882 – 14 August 1956 ) was a Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at Middle East Command . RAF career . Nicholl served as a private soldier in the London Scottish Volunteers in the Second Boer War and then transferred to the South Rhodesia Volunteers in 1903 . He was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps Special Reserve in 1915 during World War I and served as a pilot with No . 8 Squadron before instructing at the Central Flying School and then becoming Officer Commanding No . 84 Squadron and subsequently Officer Commanding No . 110 Squadron on the Western Front . After the War he became a Staff Officer at the Air Ministry before being appointed Officer Commanding No . 70 Squadron in 1926 . He was made Deputy Director of Training and then Deputy Director of Personal Services before becoming Deputy Director of Manning at the Air Ministry in 1931 . He went on to be Station Commander at RAF Calshot in 1932 , Air Officer Commanding No . 23 Group in 1933 and Air Officer Commanding Central Area in 1934 . After that he was made a Member of the Air Board of the Royal Australian Air Force in 1935 , Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at Middle East Command in 1938 and Air Officer for Administration at Headquarters Fighter Command in 1939 , the post he held in the early years of World War II . He retired in 1942 . He retired to Scotland and became Controller of the RAF Benevolent Fund .
USS Fidelity ( AM - 96 ) USS " Fidelity " ( AM - 96 ) was an of the United States Navy . Laid down on 15 October 1941 by the Nashville Bridge Company of Nashville , Tennessee , launched on 28 February 1942 , and commissioned on 9 September 1942 . The ship was reclassified as a submarine chaser USS " PC - 1600 " on 1 June 1944 . " PC - 1600 " was decommissioned , ( date unknown ) , and transferred to the Maritime Commission on 15 June 1948 , and sold to Charles Weaver . Struck from the Naval Register , ( date unknown ) . Fate unknown . " PC - 1600 " earned two battle stars for World War II service .
Short Type 827 The Short Type 827 was a 1910s British two - seat reconnaissance floatplane . It was also known as the Short Admiralty Type 827 . Design and development . The Short Type 827 was a two - bay biplane with unswept equal span wings , a slightly smaller development of the Short Type 166 . It had a box section fuselage mounted on the lower wing . It had twin floats under the forward fuselage , plus small floats fitted at the wingtips and tail . It was powered by a nose - mounted Sunbeam Nubian engine , with a two - bladed tractor propeller . The crew of two sat in open cockpits in tandem . The aircraft was built by Short Brothers ( 36 aircraft , ) and also produced by different contractors around the United Kingdom , i . e . Brush Electrical ( 20 ) , Parnall ( 20 ) , Fairey ( 12 ) and Sunbeam ( 20 ) . The Short Type 830 was a variant powered by a 135 hp ( 101 kW ) Salmson water - cooled radial engine .
5th Kure Special Naval Landing Force The 5th Kure Special Naval Landing Force ( 5th Kure SNLF ) were troops of the Imperial Japanese Navy ' s Special Naval Landing Forces . Formed at the Kure Naval District , the 5th Kure SNLF participated in the battle of Milne Bay . The 5th Kure SNLF was all but wiped out after the battle of Milne Bay .
USS Fairy ( 1861 ) USS " Fairy " ( 1861 ) was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat assigned to patrol Confederate waterways . Post - war she was temporarily employed as an ammunition ship before finally being decommissioned . Built in Ohio in 1861 . " Fairy " was built in 1861 at Cincinnati , Ohio , as " Maria " ; purchased by the Navy 10 February 1864 ; and first sailed 10 March 1864 , Acting Master H . S . Wetmore in command . Civil War service . Assigned patrol duties on the Mississippi , White and Tennessee Rivers . Based at Mound City , Illinois , " Fairy " patrolled and had convoy duty in the Mississippi , White , and Tennessee Rivers , often providing transportation and firepower to Union Army expeditions , and shelling Confederate troop concentrations and batteries ashore . Although she normally operated in the northern section of the Mississippi River , she sailed down river to carry high ranking Union Army officers from Memphis , Tennessee , to New Orleans , Louisiana , in June 1864 . Supporting operations against General J . B . Hood . On patrol in the Tennessee River , in December 1864 and January 1865 , she convoyed Union Army transports from Clifton to Eastport , and carried out other operations in the concerted attack on troops under General John Bell Hood , preventing them from crossing the river near Florence . Her last duty , following the war , was transporting ordnance stores to Jefferson Barracks , Missouri . Post - war decommissioning and disposal . She was decommissioned 8 August 1865 at Mound City , and sold 17 August 1865 .
Ben Ncube Lieutenant Colonel Ben Ncube is the spokesman for the Zimbabwe National Army . Mercenaries attempted to overthrow the government of Equatorial Guinea by departing in a plane from Zimbabwe . The Zimbabwe National Army seized the plane on March 9 , 2004 before it took off and arrested the mercenaries . Asked by the press whether the army had been put on full alert , Ncube said he regarded the incident as " normal procedure . " On June 8 , 2007 the Zimbabwean government announced that Ncube is believed to have been a leader of a group of military officials who plotted to overthrow the Mugabe administration . He is under house arrest in Harare .
Ban ( medieval ) The ban was a political and territorial institution in the Frankish kingdoms , meaning a grant of power to command men . Following its civil , military or religious meanings , it ended up as a metonym for territory where such a grant applied . When the public rights of assembly members came to be held by a family line , the ban was confused more or less ( sometimes totally ) with seigneurial power in the Middle Ages . It related to the recognition of the rights of Christian communities organised by a specific political assembly , representative of free men adhering to this group . The king , anxious for the good evangelisation that the bishop and troops of monks guaranteed to him , participated in its foundation and granted it a generous financial and territorial basis from the fisc ( i . e . from the vast royal lands ) . The territorial granted to the grand ban appeared in the 7th century at the borders of Austrasia and rapidly developed at the end of the Merovingian era . Major aristocrats , whether in their duties as counts or dukes , or at the bans ' initiative via their clientele networks , supervised or oversaw these semi - autonomous entities , highly reinforcing their spiritual and temporal power . A secular economic life developed around the monasteries , and their founders ' families were also buried there , with both developments turning them into sacred sites , perpetuating the hierarchy of the episcopal city and the harmony of the dioceses from the Late Roman Empire . Troubles and rivalries between these new semi - autonomous princes and their bands of troops , along with the development of fiefdoms brought about a collapse of the Late Roman structures and of those of the first kingdom of the Franks .
AN / PRC - 150 The AN / PRC - 150 ( C ) Multiband Radio , also known as the Falcon II , is a manpack , tactical HF and VHF radio manufactured by Harris Corporation . It holds an NSA certification for Type 1 encryption . The designation AN / PRC translates to Army / Navy Portable Radio Communications , according to Joint Electronics Type Designation System guidelines . Users . The AN / PRC - 150 ( C ) radio is currently in use with the United States Army , United States Special Operations Command as well as within the US Marine Corps . Specifications . COMSEC Interoperability . ANDVT / KY - 99 , ANDVT / KY - 100 , KG - 84 C , KY - 57 VINSON ( VHF ) , CITADEL ( NSA approved exportable COMSEC )
Gaha Bashorun Gaha ( or Gaa ) was a notable nobleman and leader of the military in the old Oyo Empire during the 17th / 18th century . He held the post during the reigns of 4 consecutive imperial Alaafin s , and was instrumental to the military conquests during their time . Renowned for his juju prowess , he deposed or was responsible for the death of 3 of these Alaafins before being subdued by Alaafin Abiodun ( who ruled c . 1770 – 1789 ) via trickery and betrayal by his generals . He was said to have been burnt to death so that he would not return to life . Upon his death , his children fled Oyo for places like Egbado ( now Yewa ) , Badagry , Coutonou and Dahomey , mainly locations where their late father had contacts .
Radio Research Laboratory The Radio Research Laboratory ( RRL ) , located on the campus of Harvard University was an 800 - person secret research laboratory during World War II . Under the U . S . Office of Scientific Research and Development ( OSRD ) , it was a spinoff of the Radiation Laboratory ( Rad Lab ) at MIT , and set up to develop electronic countermeasures to enemy radars and communications , as well as electronic counter - countermeasures ( ECCM ) to circumvent enemy ECM . The RRL was directed by Frederick E . Terman and operated between 1941 and 1945 . The RRL was engaged in both analysis and hardware development . They made significant contributions to the basic understanding of methods , theories , and circuits at very - high and ultra - high frequencies for radio systems , particularly in signals intelligence gear and statistical communications techniques . However , unlike the Rad Lab , the RRL never released significant details on its accomplishments ; ECM and ECCM have always been closely guarded secrets by all nations . The RRL conducted considerable work on chaff , light - weight aluminum strips dropped in clouds from aircraft to confuse enemy radars . Fred L . Whipple , an astronomer , made detailed analytical studies of this and devised a formula giving radar cross - section at a given wavelength per kilogram of chaff . An example of RRL hardware development was Tuba , ( aka ' Project Tuba ' ) a giant ECM system generating continuous 80 - kW signals in the range of 300 - 600 MHz to jam German Lichtenstein radar s . The power tube ( called Resnatron ) for Tuba was developed at the RRL by David H . Shone and Lauritsen C . Marshall . Tuba used a horn antenna built of mesh wire 150 feet long and driven through 22 - by 6 - inch waveguides , possibly the largest ever built . Tuba was placed in operation in mid - 1944 on the south coast of England . The radiated energy was such that it lighted fluorescent bulbs a mile away and jammed radars throughout Europe . The RRL staff did document some of the general theory that they developed . After the war , this was released in a two - volume publication " Very High - Frequency Techniques " , edited by Herbert J . Reich ( McGraw - Hill , 1947 ) .
214th Reconnaissance Group The 214th Reconnaissance Group ( 214 RG ) is a unit of the Arizona Air National Guard 162d Fighter Wing , stationed at Davis - Monthan Air Force Base , Tucson , Arizona . If activated to federal service , the Group is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command . Overview . The 214th Reconnaissance Group flies the MQ - 1B Predator over Afghanistan via satellite from ground control stations in Tucson . Arizona Air Guardsmen fly 24 / 7 operations saving American lives through the vital information they provide to troops on the ground . Operations . Currently , the unit flies over Afghanistan on a continual basis flying 20 hours per day , seven days per week . Predator operations provide troops on the ground with both daylight and infrared video of selected targets . In addition , the aircraft is equipped with two laser - guided AGM - 114 Hellfire missiles . Arizona Air National Guard Predator operations will first fill worldwide theater requirements , but will also likely evolve into providing direct defense for the homeland in conjunction with the Department of Homeland Security and U . S . Northern Command . A permanent facility located at Davis - Monthan Air Force Base was completed in 2009 . Fraud scandal . A 2009 investigation found that two dozen group members had fraudulently collected $ 1 . 1 million in living expenses from the government over several years . In response , Colonel Gregg Davies was removed from command of the group on 23 November 2009 by Arizona Air National Guard commander Brigadier General Michael Colangelo . A state inspector general investigation later concluded that Davies ' relief constituted " retaliation " , but declined to reinstate him into the Guard .
S4G reactor The S4G reactor is a naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on warship s . The S4G designation stands for : This nuclear reactor is the shipboard equivalent of the S3G reactor . It was installed in a dual - configuration on the USS " Triton " ( SSRN - 586 ) with two reactors and two five - blade propellers , which was the first ship to make a submerged circumnavigation of the world .
408 ( Fleet Fighter ) Flight 408 ( Fleet Fighter ) Flight was a naval aviation unit of the RAF operating during the early 1930s . Early history . 408 ( Fleet Fighter ) Flight was formed on 30 March 1929 at Donbristle . Example Aircraft . Fairey Flycatcher S 1293 19 Nimrod S1585 576 . Disbandment . 408 ( Fleet Fighter ) Flight was disbanded and merged with 409 ( Fleet Fighter ) Flight aboard HMS Glorious on 3 April 1933 , both units becoming 802 Naval Air Squadron .
Flying column A flying column is a small , independent , military land unit capable of rapid mobility and usually composed of all arms . It is often an " ad hoc " unit , formed during the course of operations . The term is usually , though not necessarily , applied to forces less than the strength of a brigade . As mobility is its " raison d ' être " , a flying column is accompanied by the minimum of equipment . It generally uses suitable fast transport ; historically , horses were used , with trucks and helicopters replacing them in modern times . History . Boer " kommando " in 17th – 20th - century South Africa , may be regarded as a form of flying column ( unlike commando s in the more recent sense ) . The mobile columns employed against Boer forces , by British Empire forces in the South African War of 1899 – 1902 , were usually of the strength of two battalion s of infantry , a battery of artillery , and a squadron of cavalry , almost exactly half that of a mixed brigade . During and shortly after the Anglo - Iraqi War of 1941 , British forces employed flying columns code - named " Kingcol " , " Mercol " and " Gocol " . " Kingcol " advanced into Iraq from Jordan and Palestine . Flying columns have also been used in guerrilla warfare , notably the mobile armed units of the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence 1919 – 21 . Flying columns are mentioned by Sun Tzu in his " Art of War " in such a fashion that indicates it was not a new concept at the time of his writing . This dates to at least the middle 500 ' s B . C . E , and possibly the late 700 ' s B . C . E . Mention is also made of flying columns in a number of Irish ballads , notably " The Galtee Mountain Boy " by Patsy Halloran and Christy Moore .
Beaumont Castle Beaumont Castle was a medieval castle in Mixbury , Oxfordshire , England , located at . History . Beaumont Castle was a possible motte and bailey or ringwork castle built in the village of Mixbury , Oxfordshire , England . The castle was probably built by Roger d ' Ivry following the Norman invasion of England . The castle was probably called Beaumont because it occupied a natural promontory overlooking a local stream . The castle was abandoned before 1216 . Private excavations by two brothers from London in 1954 – 5 allegedly revealed a dungeon and an underground passage , although this discovery is disputed by scholars .
YLC - 2 Radar The YLC - 2 radar is a three - dimensional main guidance and surveillance radar developed by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology . In the mid - 2000s , an improved version labeled YLC - 2A was deployed to the PLA . Equipped with a new Giga - flops digital signal processor , it is capable of Digital Moving Target Indication ( DMTI ) and Constant false alarm rate ( CFAR ) processing . An S - band variation called YLC - 2U with similar capabilities was also developed for SAM guidance . Both of these advanced YLC - 2 radars have been specifically designed to counter stealth fighters such as F - 22 , with a claimed range of up to 200 km even in heavy ECM environment .
Otter Cliffs Radio Station U . S . Naval Radio Station Otter Cliffs was a United States Navy radio receiver facility located in Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island , south of Bar Harbor , Maine . The station was commissioned on August 28 , 1917 , under the command of Lt . Alessandro Fabbri , who had personally cleared the land , built and equipped the station , and offered it to the government in exchange for a commission in the Naval Reserve and assignment as Officer - in - Charge . Otter Cliffs was the Navy ' s best transatlantic radio receiver site because of its absence of nearby man - made radio noise , its unobstructed ocean path from Europe , and the outstanding receivers , antennas and noise mitigation techniques developed by the Wireless Specialty Apparatus Company under the leadership of Greenleaf Whittier Pickard . Pickard is well known for his early inventions in connection with loop aerials , direction - finding systems and static mitigating devices used at Otter Cliffs during the war . His technical achievements and illustrations of equipment at Otter Cliffs during the war were documented in detail in the Proceedings of the IRE . Edmond Bruce , a Navy enlisted man , served as chief electrician for the transatlantic receiver during the war . He later became a widely recognized radio engineer and inventor . By the end of the war , over 100 Navy enlisted men and 25 Marines were assigned to the station . By 1933 , however , its buildings had become dilapidated and Navy funds were not forthcoming for repairs . When John D . Rockefeller , Jr . suggested that it be removed , the Navy agreed to include the station in his donation to Acadia National Park , provided that he would build an equally good receiving station nearby . He did so at the Schoodic Peninsula ' s tip , about five miles away across Frenchman Bay , and Feb . 28 , 1935 Otter Cliffs was decommissioned and the new Winter Harbor station was commissioned . ( It later became Naval Security Group Activity , Winter Harbor , and on July 1 , 2002 , was decommissioned and transferred to the National Park Service . )