naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Leo Kereselidze Leo Kereselidze ( ) ( 1885 – 1944 ) was a Georgian military figure , politician and journalist involved in the Georgian national movement against the Russian and later Soviet domination . Early in his twenties , Keresselidze was involved in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and took part in attacks against Russian officials and military as well as in the running of a cargo of guns to the port of Sukhum - Kale . He subsequently moved to Western Europe and obtained a Ph . D . degree from the University of Geneva . In 1913 , he joined a group of Georgian patriots in the Committee of Independent Georgia , and engaged in journalism , co - editing with his brother Georges Keresselidze a Geneva - based Georgian newspaper " Tavisupali Sakartvelo " ( “ Free Georgia ” ) from 1913 to 1914 , and then working for a Berlin - based " Kartuli Gazeti " ( “ Georgian Newspaper ” ) from 1916 to 1918 . In 1914 , at the eve of World War I , the Committee moved to Germany and sought the German aid in restoring the independence of Georgia from Russia . Keresselidze led a military unit of Georgian volunteers , the Georgian Legion , which fought on the German side and was transferred to the Ottoman - Russian Caucasus front . Keresselidze tried to negotiate an alliance with the Ottoman Empire , but refused to accept its suzerainty over a potentially independent Georgia . He was subsequently promoted to major general , but the Legion was disbanded due to his disagreement with the Ottoman government . Keresselidze was then involved in diplomacy between Georgians and Germans , and staging subversions against the Russian troops . After the collapse of the Russian armies in the Caucasus and the proclamation of Georgian independence in May 1918 , Keresselidze was able to his own country and helped create national army divisions . The 1921 Red Army invasion of Georgia forced him into exile to Germany where he was among the founding members and a secretary general of the right - leaning nationalist organization Tetri Giorgi . Not long before his death , he helped establish a new political organization of Georgian émigrés , the Union of Georgian Traditionalists . Keresselidze ’ s revolutionary career is the subject of a fictionalized biography " Unending Battle " ( London , 1934 ) by the British army officer and writer Harold Courtenay Armstrong ( 1891 - 1943 ) .
Francis Trowbridge Sherman Francis Trowbridge Sherman was a Union general during the American Civil War . He served in the cavalry and infantry , seeing action in both the Western Theater and Eastern Theater . Biography . Early life . Sherman was born in Connecticut in 1825 but his family moved to Illinois in 1834 where his father , Francis Cornwall Sherman became heavily involved in Chicago politics serving as alderman and mayor of the city and as a state representative . Francis T . Sherman traveled to West to participate in the California Gold Rush before returning to Illinois . Civil War Service . Early in the Civil War began , Sherman served as lieutenant colonel of the 56th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment and major of the 12th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry without seeing any significant action . On September 4 , 1862 he was appointed colonel of the 88th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( a . k . a . 2nd Board of Trade Regiment ) . Sherman led his regiment at the battles of Perryville and Stones River . He was not with the army during the battle of Chickamauga but took command of a brigade shortly after the battle . His brigade became the 1st Brigade in Philip H . Sheridan ' s 2nd Division of the newly formed IV Corps . Sherman was one of the brigade commanders that made the charge up Missionary Ridge during the battle of Chattanooga . He continued leading his brigade during the early part of the Atlanta Campaign at Rocky Face Ridge and Resaca before he was appointed as the chief of staff to the IV Corps . He served in that capacity during the rest of the campaign until he was captured outside Atlanta on July 7 , 1864 . He was officially exchanged on October 7 , 1864 and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac as the assistant inspector general of the Cavalry Corps during the Appomattox Campaign . Sherman was brevetted to brigadier general on March 13 , 1865 and received a full promotion to brigadier general of volunteers on July 21 , 1865 . He was mustered out of the volunteer services on January 15 , 1866 . Later life . Following the war General Sherman embarked on a series of business ventures starting with managing a sugar plantation in Louisiana for a year before returning to Chicago . Back in Chicago he worked as the city ' s postmaster for two years and then started a stone and sand manufacturing company called Sherman , Haley & Company . The business was ruined in 1871 by the Great Chicago Fire which forced Sherman to seek business ventures elsewhere in the U . S . before he settled in Waukegan , Illinois where he died in 1905 .
Separate peace The phrase " separate peace " refers to a nation ' s agreement to cease military hostilities with another , even though the former country had previously entered into a military alliance with other states that remain at war with the latter country . For example , at the start of World War I ( 1914 – 1918 ) , Russia was a member , with the United Kingdom and France , of the Triple Entente , which went to war with the Central Powers formed by Germany , Austria - Hungary , the Ottoman Empire , and Bulgaria . After the fall of Russian monarch Nicholas II and the rise to power of the Bolsheviks , Russia defaulted on its commitments to the Triple Entente by signing a separate peace with Germany and its allies in 1917 . This armistice was followed on 3 March 1918 by the formal signing of the Treaty of Brest - Litovsk . Additionally , this concept has often been tied to the novel " A Separate Peace " . The concept would be tied into the aforementioned novel in the sense that the title is a way of subliminally saying that the characters in the story have , in one way or another , created separate peaces such as with World War I and II cases . This is evident as the story takes place during World War II Legal obligations not to conclude separate peace . It is customary in cases of war waged by several allies to conclude agreement or declaration by all belligerents on the same side not to conclude a separate peace with the opposing camp . Such was the case during the First World War and Second World War . A declaration to that effect was issued on September 5 , 1914 by the British , French and Russian governments , which briefly stated that " The British , French , and Russian Governments mutually engage not to conclude peace separately during the present war . The three Governments agree that when terms of peace come to be discussed , no one of the allies will demand conditions of peace without the previous agreement of each of the other allies " . The Japanese government acceded to this declaration on October 19 , 1915 . On November 30 , 1915 , the same four governments , now joined by the Italian government , have issued a similar joint declaration regarding avoiding separate peace . The obligation to refrain from separate peace was also made during the Second World War in both camps . The Tripartite Pact between the German , Italian and Japanese governments committed the three to prosecute the war together . On the Allied camp , that obligation was contained in the United Nations Declaration of January 1 , 1942 . A similar obligation arose within the Arab League in the context of the Arab - Israeli conflict not to reach any separate peace treaty with the Israeli government , in order to assure that a collective arrangement would take into consideration the interests of all Arab states plus the Palestinians . The Egyptian government under Anwar Sadat acted in contrast to that rule when it decided to conclude a separate peace treaty in 1979 .
6th Army ( German Empire ) The 6th Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the IV Army Inspectorate . The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war . History . At the outbreak of World War I , command of the army was given to Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( " Kronprinz Rupprecht von Bayern " ) . The 6th Army initially consisted of the units of the Bavarian Army ( which had retained military sovereignty after the unification of Germany ) , with some additional Prussian units . During the execution of Plan XVII , the 6th Army was stationed in the Central sector , covering Lorraine . In August 1914 , in the Battle of Lorraine , Rupprecht ' s 6th Army managed to hold against the French offensive , using a feigned withdrawal to lure the advancing armies onto prepared defensive positions . After the Western Front turned to stalemate and the opposing forces formed lines of trenches , the 6th Army was based in Northern France . Most of the Bavarian units were gradually dispersed to other commands , with units from outside Bavaria joining the 6th Army . Nevertheless , command of the 6th Army remained with the Bavarian Crown Prince , who would eventually come to be regarded as one of Germany ' s most able generals . On 24 September 1915 , the 6th Army was the target for the British Army ' s first chlorine gas attack of the war . Despite the horrific casualties inflicted , the British offensive became bogged down after several days . Rupprecht was promoted to the rank of field marshal ( " Generalfeldmarschall " ) in July 1916 and assumed command of Army Group Rupprecht on 28 August that year , consisting of the 1st , 2nd , 6th and 7th Armies . Following Rupprecht ' s promotion , command of the 6th Army was given to General Ludwig von Falkenhausen . In March 1917 , the 6th Army was the target for the assault of the Canadian and British forces at the Battle of Vimy Ridge . The 6th Army under von Falkenhausen suffered over 20 , 000 casualties in the ensuing fighting and were pushed back from the ridge by the Canadian Corps . At the end of the war it was serving as part of " Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht " . Order of Battle , August 1914 , Lorraine . For the Battle of Lorraine in August 1914 , the 6th Army had the following composition : Order of Battle , 30 October 1918 . By the end of the war , the 6th Army was organised as : Commanders . The 6th Army had the following commanders during its existence .
1757 Berlin raid The 1757 Berlin raid took place during the Seven Years ' War . Cavalrymen of the Holy Roman Empire attacked and briefly occupied Berlin , the capital of Prussia . Background . After the War of the Austrian Succession , traditional European alliances fell apart and were replaced by an Anglo - Prussian pact and a Franco - Austrian alliance . Known as the Diplomatic Revolution , these events caused the Seven Years ' War . Frederick II , King of Prussia and bitter rival of the Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa of Austria , invaded Silesia in 1756 but suffered his first defeat at Kolin on June 18 . In the aftermath of the battle , however , Frederick neglected to protect the approach to his capital , Berlin . Battle . Austrian commanders noticed this flaw , and Prince Charles of Lorraine , commander of Austrian troops facing Frederick ' s main army , dispatched Hungarian cavalry officer Count András Hadik and a force of about 5 , 100 men , mostly Croat or Hungarian hussars , to capture the city . However , to guard his main base at Elsterwerda , Hadik left behind enough troops that his raiding party was outnumbered by the unsuspecting Berlin garrison . On October 16 , Hadik and his raiding force arrived outside of Berlin . Although the Prussian defenders were surprised , they refused Hadik ' s surrender demands . Hadik promptly attacked the city gates , entering the city . The city ' s military governor , General Rotzow , believed that his forces were outnumbered and spirited the Royal Family to Spandau , while Hadik demanded that the city council pay a ransom of 225 , 000 thalers and a dozen pairs of gloves for the Empress . The ransom was paid , but Hadik left the city hurriedly when he realized that a significant Prussian force under the Prince of Anhalt - Dessau was marching toward Berlin in an attempt to intercept him .
Joint warfare Joint warfare is a military doctrine which places priority on the integration of the various service branches of a state ' s armed forces into one unified command . Joint warfare is in essence a form of combined arms warfare on a larger , national scale , in which complementary forces from a state ' s army , navy , air , and special forces are meant to work together in joint operations , rather than planning and executing military operations separate from each other . The United States Department of Defense , which endorses joint warfare as an overriding doctrine for its forces , describes it as " " team warfare " " , which " requires the integrated and synchronized application of all appropriate capabilities . The synergy that results maximizes combat capability in unified action . " This priority on national unity of effort means practitioners of joint warfare must acknowledge the importance of the inter - agency process , including the priorities , capabilities , and resources of other non - uniformed agencies ( such as intelligence services ) in military planning . Military operations conducted by armed forces from two or more allied countries are also sometimes referred to as combined operations .
Bernhard Siebken Bernhard Siebken ( 4 April 1910 — 20 January 1949 ) was a SS - Obersturmbannführer ( lieutenant colonel ) in the Waffen - SS who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions on the 17 April 1945 , while in command of the 2nd SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler ( LSSAH ) . Siebken was one of the original members of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler . He took part in the Polish campaign of 1939 and went on to serve on the eastern front . In 1944 , Seibken commanded the 2nd Battalion , 26th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment and later the 25th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment ; both with the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend ( Hitler Youth ) . On 21 June 1944 , he was promoted to the rank of SS - Obersturmbannführer . Following the end of the war , he was accused of war crime s ; while in command of the 2nd Battalion , 26th Panzer Grenadier Regiment , he was responsible for shooting Canadian prisoners of war . He was found guilty and hanged on the 20 January 1949 .
2S5 Giatsint - S The 2S5 " Giatsint - S " ( ; ) is a Soviet / Russia n 152 mm self - propelled gun . " 2S5 " is its GRAU designation . It is NBC protected . Production history . Production of the 2S5 Giatsint - S started in 1976 along with the towed version the 2A36 Giatsint - B . It was introduced into service in 1978 and has also been known as the M1981 by the United States . Operators . The 2S5 was used in the Soviet Army and other Warsaw Pact armies . It was also exported to Finland .
Department of the East The Department of the East was a military administrative district established by the U . S . Army several times in its history . The first was from 1853 – 61 , the second Department of the East , from 1863 to 1873 , and the last from 1877 to 1913 . As part of a major reorganization of the Western Territories , after October 31 , 1853 the division echelon was eliminated and the six western departments consolidated into four ( Departments of Texas , New Mexico , the West , and the Pacific ) . The four departments ( 1st - 4th ) of the Eastern Division were similarly consolidated into the Department of the East , with boundaries encompassing all the states east of the Mississippi River . It remained thus until August 17 , 1861 , when the American Civil War , created a need for a vast increase in the Union Army and more departments to administer them and the Department of the East was discontinued . In January 3 , 1863 , the Department of the East was revived , to administer the many districts and posts created by the Civil War in New York , New Jersey and the states of New England . It became subordinate to the Military Division of the Atlantic , from 1865 – 66 and the Division of the Atlantic , in 1868 until this department was discontinued in 1873 . Again the Department of the East was revived in 1877 , once again subordinate to the Division of the Atlantic , until the Division was discontinued in 1891 . In 1911 , it became subordinate to a new Eastern Division , until the Department of the East was discontinued 1913 , being replaced by the Eastern Department . The Eastern Department was discontinued when the Army ' s command was reorganized by the 1920 amendment to the 1916 Defense Act . Headquarters . The headquarters of the 1853 - 1861 Department of the East in 1861 was Troy , New York . The headquarters of the last Department of the East was originally located in leased office space in New York City until 1878 when the War Department relocated all headquarters functions across the country to army posts due to economic considerations . The headquarters was relocated to Fort Columbus , renamed Fort Jay in 1904 on Governors Island in New York Harbor . 1877 - 1913 Department of the East Commanders . In 1878 , the War Department directed that all departmental commands , if not located on a post were to give up leased office space and off - post housing allowances and relocate headquarters and staff to the nearest Army post . In New York City , the headquarters was moved to Fort Columbus on Governors Island in New York Harbor .
Captain at sea Captain at sea ( German : " Kapitän zur See " ; Dutch : " kapitein - ter - zee " ) is a naval rank corresponding to command of a ship - of - the - line or capital ship . The equivalent in other navies is ship - of - the - line captain or the naval rank of captain in the Commonwealth of Nations and USA . Germany . Captain at sea ( " Kapitän zur See " , KptzS / KZS ) was and is the highest staff officer rank in the " Kaiserliche Marine " and the German Navy , corresponding to command of a ship - of - the - line or capital ship . It is equivalent to " Oberst " in the " Bundeswehr " or to " Flottenarzt / Oberstarzt " , " Flottenapotheker / Oberstapotheker " and " Oberstveterinär " in the " Zentraler Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr " . Its rank insignia , worn on the sleeves and shoulders , are one five - pointed star above four gold stripes ( without the star when rank loops are worn ) . It is grade A16 or B3 ( when deployed to a higher position than CO of a ship ) in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence . Holders of the rank commanded or command capital ships and heavy cruisers , naval schools , and the staff - officer sections of all training - schools - even the " Gorch Fock " is commanded by a captain at sea . Netherlands . In the Royal Netherlands Navy the rank of " kapitein - ter - zee " is the third grade of superior officer , equivalent to colonel in the land - forces . His insignia is made up of four bands and he commands a capital ship or a shore establishment ( until recently , a " kapitein - ter - zee " commanded the " Onderzeedienst " and " Mijnendienst " , the Netherlands Navy ' s submarine and mine - laying training establishments ) . Smaller vessels such as destroyer s and frigates are commanded by a " kapitein - luitenant ter zee " . Until recently flagships of the Netherlands Navy ( such as s ) were also commanded by a " kapitein - ter - zee " . Currently s are commanded by a " kapitein - luitenant - ter - zee " .
5th Regiment South Carolina Volunteer Infantry ( African Descent ) The 5th South Carolina Infantry Regiment ( African Descent ) was a infantry regiment of African descent from South Carolina that failed to complete its organization to serve in the Union Army during the American Civil War . The enlisted men were transferred to the 3rd Regiment South Carolina Volunteer Infantry ( African Descent ) and the 4th Regiment South Carolina Volunteer Infantry ( African Descent ) .
Battle of Blackett Strait The Battle of Blackett Strait ( Japanese : ビラ ・ スタンモーア夜戦 Battle of Vila - Stanmore ) was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II , fought on 6 March 1943 in the Blackett Strait , between Kolombangara islands and Arundel Island in the Solomon Islands . Background . After the American victory in the Guadalcanal campaign , operations in the Solomon Islands shifted to the west , where the Japanese maintained a substantial garrison on Kolombangara . On the night of 5 March 1943 , the Japanese destroyer s and — commanded by " Sho - sa " ( Lieutenant Commander ) Yōji Tanegashima — took supplies to the Japanese base at Vila , on Kolombangara . Battle . As they withdrew after landing their cargo , the two Japanese ships encountered Task Force 68 ( TF 68 ) , consisting of three light cruiser s ( , , and ) and three destroyers ( , , and ) commanded by Rear Admiral Aaron S . Merrill , that had been bombarding Japanese positions at Vila . In a short battle , both Japanese destroyers were sunk . Fifty - three survivors from " Murasame " and 122 survivors from " Minegumo " managed to reach Japanese lines . Two other survivors from " Minegumo " were later captured by U . S . forces . Aftermath . On 7 May , the minelayers , , and laid mines across Blackett Strait in an attempt to interdict Japanese ship movements traveling through the strait . The next day , Japanese destroyers , , and all hit mines in that area . " Kuroshio " sank immediately . " Kagero " and " Oyashio " sank later that day after being attacked and further damaged by U . S . aircraft from Henderson Field . " PT - 109 " . Another engagement occurred in Blackett Strait when a force of 15 PT boat s , including LTJG John F . Kennedy ' s " PT - 109 " were sent to intercept the " Tokyo Express " supply convoy on 2 August . In what National Geographic called a " poorly planned and badly coordinated " attack , 15 boats with 60 available torpedoes went into action . However , of the 30 torpedoes fired by PT boats from four sections , not a single hit was scored . In the battle , only four PT boats ( the section leaders ) had radar , and they were ordered to return to base after firing their torpedoes on radar bearings . When they left , the remaining boats were virtually blind and without verbal orders , thus leading to more confusion . Patrolling just after the section leader had departed for home , " PT - 109 " was run down on a dark moonless night by the Japanese destroyer , returning from the supply mission . The PT boat had her engines at idle to hide her wake from seaplanes . Conflicting statements have been made as to whether the destroyer captain spotted and steered towards the boat . Members of the destroyer crew believed the collision was not an accident , though other reports suggest " Amagiri " ' s captain never realized what happened till after the fact . The captain of " PT - 109 " was future U . S . President John F . Kennedy . His crew was assumed lost by the U . S . Navy , but were found later by Solomon Islander scouts Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana in a dugout canoe .
Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian , Serbian : " Ministarstvo odbrane Bosne i Hercegovine " Cyrillic script : Министарство одбране Босне и Херцеговине , Croatian : " Ministarstvo obrane Bosne i Hercegovine " ) is the governmental department in charge of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina and protection of Bosnia and Herzegovina from invasion and threat s .