naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
EML Sakala ( M314 ) EML " Sakala " ( M314 ) is a " Sandown " - class minehunter of the Estonian Navy and belongs to the Estonian Navy Mineships Division . The commanding officer of the vessel is Senior Lieutenant Erkki Silm . History . The EML " Sakala " ( M314 ) was built in the United Kingdom , in a Vosper Thornycroft shipyard . The vessel was launched on 27 February 1990 and she entered service a year later on 24 January 1991 . The ship ' s name comes from an ancient Estonian county Sakala which is today known as Viljandimaa yet is often called Sakalamaa . The Royal Navy decommissioned the " Inverness " and her sister ships HMS " Bridport " , and HMS " Sandown " on 9 October 2006 , and sold the vessels to the Estonian Navy . The coat of arms was presented on a ceremony on 24 January 2008 in Scotland . The minehunter " Sakala " is the fourth vessel of the Estonian Navy Mineships Division and second of three modernized " Sandown " class minehunters purchased from the Royal Navy . A black shield which represents the rich soils of Sakala and the ethnic Estonian men clothing . The rose points towards the capital of the Sakalamaa Viljandi . The swords are representing Sakalas important role in Estonian ancient freedom fight and the fighting spirit as silver stands for loyalty . The ships motto is in Latin " " In nomine libertatis ” " which means in English " In the name of freedom " . The coat of arms was designed by Priit Herodes .
81st Division ( People ' s Republic of China ) The 81st Division was a military formation of the People ' s Volunteer Army ( Chinese People ' s Volunteers ( CPV ) or Chinese Communist Forces ( CCF ) ) during the Korean War . They were a component of the 27th Army . On November 28 , 1950 , the 80th Division hit the dispersed U . S . units of Task Force Faith with waves of infantry . Despite the presence of tracked antiaircraft weapons , the sub - zero cold and the constant Chinese attacks began to take their toll . The fighting was often hand to hand and convinced the ( initial ) U . S . Task Force commander , Colonel MacLean , to order a pullback to form a more consolidated defense . However , during the withdrawal operations his troops came under renewed enemy attack , and in the confusion MacLean was captured by the Chinese . The Task Force Faith page also states that the 81st Division participated in the attack , and that though they were possibly reinforced , comprised 15 , 000 + troops .
Mannert L . Abele Lieutenant Commander Mannert Lincoln Abele , USN was a World War II submarine commander who posthumously received the Navy Cross for his heroism in the Pacific Theater . Biography . Abele was born July 11 , 1903 in Quincy , Mass . , enlisted in the United States Navy August 12 , 1920 ; was appointed midshipman in June 1922 ; and was commissioned ensign June 3 , 1926 following graduation from the United States Naval Academy . He completed training at the Naval Submarine Base New London , Connecticut in 1929 ; and , prior to America ' s entry into World War II , he commanded submarine s " R - 13 " and " S - 31 " . Promoted to lieutenant commander December 1 , 1940 , he assumed command of the USS " Grunion " ( SS - 216 ) at her commissioning April 11 , 1942 and took her out of Pearl Harbor June 30 on her first and only war patrol . " Grunion " steamed to the western Aleutians where from 15 to July 30 she sank two 300 - ton patrol boats , heavily damaged a third , and twice escaped enemy depth charge attacks . Because of intensive antisubmarine activity off Kiska Island , she was ordered to Dutch Harbor , Alaska , July 30 . She did not arrive and was reported missing and presumed lost August 16 . For extraordinary heroism during an aggressive war patrol , LCDR Abele was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Abele ' s three sons financed a search for their father ' s lost ship . On August 23 , 2007 , USS " Grunion " was found by the search team in the Bering Sea off the coast of the Aleutian Islands in about 1000 meters of water .
Caribbean Peace Force The Caribbean Peace Force ( CPF ) , also known as the Eastern Caribbean Peace Force ( ECPF ) , was an OECS mandated 350 - member peacekeeping force operating in Grenada , from October 1983 to June 1985 , after the Invasion of Grenada , codenamed " Operation Urgent Fury " , by the United States of America and several other nations in response to the illegal deposition and execution of Grenadan Prime Minister Maurice Bishop . On October 25 , 1983 , the United States , Barbados , Jamaica and members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States landed ships on Grenada , defeated Grenadian and Cuban resistance and overthrew the military government of Hudson Austin .
First Siege of Missolonghi The First Siege of Missolonghi was an attempt by Ottoman forces to capture the strategically located port town of Missolonghi during the early stages of the Greek War of Independence . Siege . After Battle of Peta Omer Vryonis initially tried to take the town by negotiations , against the opinion of Reşid Mehmed and Yussuf Pasha of Patras . The besieged Greeks took advantage of this , dragging the negotiations out until November 8 , when they were reinforced by sea with over 1 , 500 fighters . Then the Ottomans realized their mistake , and resumed the siege in earnest . After a month of bombardment and sorties , the main Ottoman assault was set for the night of December 24 , before Christmas , calculating that the Greeks would be caught by surprise . The Greeks however were warned by Vryonis ' Greek secretary , and the attack failed . The siege was subsequently lifted on December 31 . Aftermath . Missolonghi remained under Greek control , and resisted another Ottoman attempt at its capture a year later . Its resistance achieved wider fame when Lord Byron arrived there , dying in the town of fever in April 1824 . The city was besieged for a third and final time , resisting both Ottoman and Egyptian armies for almost a year , until its final fall on April 10 , 1826 .
Charles Pitt Charles Pitt was an English medical doctor who went missing in Ticonderoga during the French and Indian War and probably at the Battle of Carillon in 1758 . He was originally from Tewkesbury , England . According to a letter written by a descendant ( Mrs Miller ) in the nineteenth century : " Dr Pitt was sent out as surgeon to the then wilderness of British Colonies , at that period , there was constant warfare going on between the French and English , each had Indian allies , the difficulties getting from place to place was impressed upon my childish mind when we lived in Quebec and travelled to New York ; the places seemed very remote from civilisation . We could only wonder how and why the British army ever penetrated such vasts forest and why they could not let the French enjoy their possessions and they ( the British ) stay at home . However considering the conditions , the Indians who carried the savage warfare , the trackless forests , the big lakes , the mountains , the possibilities of death from starvation , or worse as a captive to Indians , one can easily understand why after the battle Dr Pitt was reported missing ; then the Chancery Court took charge of his estate and refused to give anything unless the heirs could bring proof of his death , which of course could not be done " . A second undated account states that he was " appointed a medical ( sic ) to the army in America before the revolutionary war . After the war broke out he was never heard of by his relations in England . He left at Tewkesbury his daughter Betty Pitt and a niece Mary Hepworth who married William Dillon " . He is also described in a further letter written in about 1900 as a " surgeon . . . in the British Army " and " lost his life in Ticonderoga , America " . A " small oval portrait " of Dr Charles Pitt once hung in the Swan Hotel , Tewkesbury .
Battles on Amur River ( 1900 ) The Battles on the Amur River were border clashes between Chinese Imperial Army troops along with Boxers against Russian forces . They were part of the Boxer Rebellion . Battles . The Russians aimed for control over Amur River for navigation . The Chinese treated Russian civilians leniently and allowed them to escape to Russia , even notifying them that since a state of war existed , that they should leave the war zone ; by contrast , Russian Cossacks killed civilians who tried to flee in the Chinese villages , westerners noted that the Chinese followed " civilized warfare " while the Russians massacred people . The Chinese summoned all available men to fight , and the Chinese forces and garrisons gathered artillery and bombarded Russian troops and towns across the Amur . Despite the Cossacks repulsing Chinese army crossings into Russia , the Chinese army troops increased the amount of artillery and kept up the bombardment . In revenge for the attacks on Chinese villages , Boxer troops burned Russian towns and almost annihilated a Russian force at Tieling . Russian governor K . N . Gribsky ordered Cossacks to destroy all Chinese posts on Amur river , and Cossacks completed the order during July . On July 20 , Russian forces ( including 16 infantry companies , a hundred Cossacks and 16 cannons ) crossed the Amur near Blagoveshchensk with support from the steamers " Selenga " and " Sungari " . On July 20 , Russian troops captured Saghalien ; on July 22 , Aigun . After the victory over the Chinese forces , the general - governor of Amur Region , Nikolai Grodekov , decided to annex the right bank of the Amur River , and sent a telegram to the Sankt - Peterburg , but Russian Minister of War Aleksey Kuropatkin forbade such an action : Because of restoring the good relation with China in the nearest future , His Majesty decided not to annex any part of China
Zamburak A zamburak or zumbooruk was a specialized form of camel cavalry and mobile artillery from the early modern era . The operator of a zumbooruk is known as a zamburakchi or zumboorukchee . Use . Probably developed by Egypt ian warriors who originally mounted large crossbows on the camels , the zumbooruck was rapidly adopted by Arab , Afghan , Mughal and especially Persian Safavid armies up until the 19th and 20th century India . Zumboorucks were one of the royal guard units in the 19th - century Persian army . A Persian zumbooruck regiment would be accompanied by musicians with huge camel - mounted drums , in order to create even more noise and impress the enemy . Zumboorucks were used against the invading British in the Anglo - Afghan War s and in the Anglo - Sikh Wars . A zumbooruck consisted of a soldier on a camel with a mounted swivel gun ( a small falconet ) , which was hinged on a metal fork - rest protruding from the saddle of the animal . In order to fire the cannon , the camel would be put on its knees . The name may be derived from Arabic " zambūr " , hornet ( possibly in reference to the sound earlier camel - mounted crossbows made ) . The mobility of the camel combined with the flexibility and heavy firepower of the swivel gun to make an intimidating military unit , although the accuracy and range of the cannon was rather low . The light cannon was also not particularly useful against heavy fortifications . A later development ( after 1850 ) would see Gatling guns mounted on camels as well .
Battle of Skibo and Strathfleet The Battle of Skibo and Strathfleet was prompted by Clan Donald ' s invasion of the area around Dornoch in northern Scotland in 1480 . Two attacks were repulsed by the local clans of Clan Sutherland and Clan Murray . Background . In 1462 , John MacDonald of Islay , Earl of Ross had entered into a secret treaty , in which he agreed to become a vassal of Edward IV of England in return for help in conquering northern Scotland . When James III of Scotland discovered this agreement in 1476 , he stripped John of his possessions on the mainland . John spent the next few years trying to reclaim the land he thought was his . When he lent most of his forces to his kinsman Donald Balloch of Islay to ravage the West Coast , John took 500 - 600 men around the north of Scotland to the Dornoch Firth on the east coast . It ' s not clear what his intention was , but he landed a few miles from Dunrobin Castle , home to Clan Sutherland who controlled much of the far north of Scotland . Battles . At first the MacDonalds camped in front of Skibo Castle , a possession of the Bishop of Caithness . John , 8th Earl of Sutherland sent a force under Neill Murray to watch the islanders . MacDonald began to ravage the country , so Murray attacked , driving off the invaders who lost a captain named Donald Dubh - na - Soirn , and 50 men . In response to this defeat , MacDonald sent some of his men and " a company of men from Ross " up the coast to Loch Fleet , just south of Dunrobin . Sutherland sent his brother Robert and some men to meet the attackers " on the sands of Strathfleet " . After a " fierce and bloody struggle " , the island men and their allies were defeated " with great slaughter " and the survivors pursued as far as Bonar . Aftermath . This was to be the final conflict between the MacDonalds and Sutherlands , as Sutherland married MacDonald ' s sister Margaret soon afterwards , sealing an alliance . However this heavy defeat may have been a factor in the conflict between John MacDonald and his son Angus Og , which resulted in the Battle of Bloody Bay in 1480 or 1483 .
Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group The Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group ( MCTOG ) provides advanced and standardized training in Marine Air - Ground Task Force operations at the battalion and regimental levels to enhance the training and operational performance of Ground Combat Element units . They fall under the command of the Training and Education Command . It was established by General James T . Conway , Commandant of the Marine Corps . History . The first Operations and Tactics Instructor Course commenced in February 2008 .
Boeing F2B The Boeing F2B was an biplane fighter aircraft of the United States Navy of the 1920s , familiar to aviation fans of the era as the craft of the Three Sea Hawks aerobatic flying team , famous for its tied - together formation flying . Design and development . Initially the Boeing Model 69 , it was inspired by the results of tests on the FB - 6 , which was powered by a Pratt & Whitney R - 1340B Wasp radial engine . Boeing set out to use this engine in a fighter designed specifically for carrier operations , using the same welded - tubing fuselage and wooden - frame wings as for the Model 15 , and adding a large spinner to reduce air drag around the engine ( this was dropped in production ) . Armament was either two machine gun s , or one . 30 in and one ; the lower wing had attachments for up to four bombs , plus a fifth could be hung from the fuselage . Operational history . First flight of the F2B prototype was November 3 , 1926 . The Navy acquired the prototype as XF2B - 1 , which was capable of reaching speeds of , and was sufficiently impressed to order 32 F2B - 1s . In addition to omission of the large streamlined spinner cap , the production versions also had a balanced rudder . Delivery began on January 20 , 1928 , with some assigned to fighter squadron VF - 1B and others to bomber squadron VF - 2B , both operating from the carrier . Although the Navy did not order any more F2Bs , Boeing built two more , as Model 69Bs , exporting one to Brazil and the other to Japan . U . S . Navy flight demonstration team . In 1927 , Lt . D . W . " Tommy " Tomlinson CO of VF - 2B , created the first U . S . Naval aerobatic team . Drawing from VB - 2B squadron at Naval Air Station North Island , San Diego , the team used three Boeing F2B - 1 fighters . Its first unofficial demonstration in January 1928 at San Francisco gave rise to a popular nickname : " Suicide Trio " although officially the team was called " Three Sea Hawks " . The first public performance as an official team representing the Navy was between September 8 and 16 , during National Air Races week at Mines Field ( now Los Angeles International Airport ) . The Boeing F2B - 1 was unable to fly inverted without the engine quitting ; consequently , Lt . Tomlinson modified the carburetors to permit brief inverted flight . At the end of 1929 , the Three Sea Hawks team is disbanded when its VB - 2B pilots were reassigned .
68th Composite Wing The 68th Composite Wing was a United States Army Air Forces organization . It was a command and control organization of Fourteenth Air Force that fought in the China Burma India Theater of World War II . The wing was formed as an expansion of the Fourteenth Air Force Forward Echelon in 1943 , becoming the command and control organization for the 23d Fighter Group and 308th Bomb Group . It served in combat from December 1943 until August 1945 . The mixed unit was composed of fighters , fighter bombers and medium bombers , flown by both American and Chinese airmen .
7 . 7×58mm Arisaka The 7 . 7×58mm Arisaka cartridge or Type 99 rimless 7 . 7 mm was chambered in the World War II Arisaka Type 99 Rifle . The cartridge was designed to replace the aging 6 . 5×50mm Arisaka cartridge after seeing the 8×57 IS in action in China during 1937 . Due to lack of materials the plan to phase out the 6 . 5 mm Arisaka cartridge by the end of the war was not completed . While the round chambered by the Arisaka rifle used a rimless case , rimmed and semi - rimmed variants were produced for use in some Japanese machine guns . This machine gun ammunition is more powerful , and the altered rim is meant to prevent it from being chambered in a rifle . The 7 . 7 mm Arisaka uses the same . 311 – . 312 " bullets as the . 303 British , and its cartridge case is similar in power to the . 30 - 06 Springfield ( 7 . 62×63mm ) . Factory loaded ammunition and brass cases are available from Norma and Graf ; Hornady , Sierra and Speer also produce usable bullets . Reloadable cartridge cases can be produced by reforming . 30 - 06 brass , or fire forming 7 . 92×57mm cases . Case heads derived from the . 30 - 06 will be slightly undersized and will bulge slightly just ahead of the web on firing , while the 7 . 92×57mm derived cases will be slightly short . Normal cases of the correct dimensions will also bulge slightly , however , as most Japanese rifles of this era had slightly oversized chambers , intended to allow the bolt to be closed on a round even in a very dirty chamber . Reloading data for . 303 British is a good starting point for load development , since the two cartridges are nearly identical . The 7 . 7×58mm Arisaka as a sporting cartridge is suitable for most big game with proper bullet selection . 7 . 7×58mm Type 92 . The Type 92 ( Semi - rimmed ) 7 . 7 mm ( 7 . 7×58mm SR ) was a machine gun cartridge and was primarily used with the Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun and the earlier Type 89 flexible and fixed air - cooled machine guns used on Japanese planes . Japanese ammunition . All Japanese ammunition used gilding metal jackets for the bullets on ball and the PETN - filled flat - tipped explosive incendiary , cupro - nickel jackets for tracer and phosphorus incendiary and a brass bullet with steel core for armor - piercing . Late war ammunition can still be encountered , although it is generally advisable not to fire it , due to its collectability and the possibility of a hangfire or squib .
Francis Evans ( diplomat ) Sir Francis Edward Evans , GBE , KCMG , DL ( 4 April 1897 – 21 August 1983 ) was a British diplomat . Born in Belfast , Ireland , he was educated at the city ' s Belfast Royal Academy before being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Irish Rifles in December 1916 . After serving in the First World War , he entered the civil service in 1919 , and the following year completed a course for new consular entrants at the London School of Economics . Between 1920 and 1926 Evans was the British vice - consul at New York , and for another three years after that at Boston . In 1929 , he was sent to Colón , Panama , remaining there until 1932 , when he again returned to the United States . He subsequently spent five years as consul at Los Angeles , and after a period at the Foreign Office he returned to New York as consul general there , an appointment he held until 1950 . In 1951 Evans became under - secretary of state at the Foreign Office , and the following year he was appointed British ambassador to Israel , having become minister there the previous year . This was immediately followed in 1954 by his appointment as ambassador to Argentina , a post he held for three years before retiring . Between 1957 and 1965 Sir Francis was chairman of the Northern Ireland Development Council , and from 1962 and 1966 he also served as the agent for the Northern Ireland Government in Great Britain . Much honoured , he was appointed CMG in 1944 and knight ed as KCMG in 1946 , finally being appointed GBE in 1957 . He was also the recipient of honorary degrees from the Queen ' s University of Belfast , the University of Ulster and Ripon College , Wisconsin , and was a deputy lieutenant for Belfast . For many years Sir Francis served on the Board of Governors of his old school Belfast Royal Academy . Sir Francis ' s wife , Mary , Lady Evans , whom he married in 1920 , died in 1976 . Sir Francis died seven years later . There were no children of the marriage .
USS Smartt ( DE - 257 ) USS Smartt ( DE - 257 ) was an of the United States Navy during World War II . She was sent off into dangerous North Atlantic Ocean waters to protect convoys and other ships from German submarines and fighter aircraft . She performed escort and antisubmarine operations in battle areas before sailing home victorious at the end of the conflict . She was laid down on 10 January 1943 by the Boston Navy Yard , Boston , Massachusetts ; launched on 22 February 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . W . H . Thomson ; and commissioned on 18 June 1943 , Lt . Cmdr . W . B . Pendleton in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . " Smartt " fitted out at Boston and sailed on 6 July to Bermuda , B . W . L . , for her shakedown cruise which lasted until 7 August when she returned for yard availability . She steamed to Norfolk , Virginia , on the 23rd and , four days later , departed that port with a convoy bound for North Africa . The convoy passed through the Straits of Gibraltar on 13 September , and the merchant ships were turned over to British control . The convoy reformed on the 17th and sailed for Brooklyn , New York , arriving on the 5th of October . Between 25 October 1943 and 20 April 1944 , " Smartt " escorted three convoys from New York to Casablanca and back . Convoy Under German Air Attack . On 23 April , " Smartt " sailed from Norfolk with Escort Division 5 as escort for convoy UGS - 40 en route to the Mediterranean . The convoy was attacked near Algiers on 11 May by German dive - bombers . The escorts laid a smoke screen , and " Smartt " took three Ju 88 ' s under fire , observing hits on all three . A second wave of three came in on the port quarter , near the water . One of these was splashed approximately 2 , 000 yards from the escort . In the third wave of the attack , two planes came along the ship ' s starboard side , and she picked them up out of the smoke at approximately 1 , 500 yards . Her gunners splashed one , and the other was smoking profusely as it passed out of range . The convoy continued to Bizerte , Tunisia , and arrived on 13 May . " Smartt " joined convoy . GUS - 40 , consisting of 65 ships , the following week and returned to New York . End - of - War operations . Between 4 July 1944 and 14 June 1945 , " Smartt " made six convoy escort voyages from the United States to the Mediterranean and return . When the escort returned to New York with its last convoy , it remained there until 10 July for upkeep . The escort moved to Casco Bay , Maine , and conducted local operations there from 18 July to 10 September when she returned to New York for inactivation . Post - War Decommissioning . " Smartt " was placed out of commission , in reserve , on 5 October . She was struck from the Navy List on 24 October 1945 and sold for scrap on 12 July 1946 . Awards . " Smartt " received one battle star for World War II service .