naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Sikorsky S - 39 The Sikorsky S - 39 was a smaller , single - engine version of the S - 38 light amphibious aircraft , built in the USA by aviation firm Sikorsky Aircraft during the early 1930s . Spirit of Africa . Film makers Martin and Osa Johnson used a giraffe - patterned S - 39 " Spirit of Africa " , with companion zebra - striped S - 38 " Osa ' s Ark " , to explore Africa extensively , making safari movies and books . Military useage . One example of the S - 39 was acquired by the United States Army Air Corps in 1932 , given the designation Y1C - 28 . It was evaulated for use in coastal patrol and light transport roles ; in 1934 it was redesignated C - 28 and assigned as a liaison aircraft to the United States Military Academy . Postwar usage . In 2003 , aviator Dick Jackson completed an authentic restoration of the S - 39 , dubbed the " Spirit of Igor " in honor of the Johnsons and Igor Sikorsky . The restoration process required nearly 40 years and 40 , 000 man - hours to complete . It is currently the oldest flying Sikorsky in the world . The " Spirit of Igor " now resides at Fantasy of Flight Air Museum in Lakeland , Florida . Another S - 39 , hull number 920 , the last one produced , is currently under restoration in Southern California . Hull number 920 was originally owned by Shell Eastern , the original name of the Shell Oil Company . Survivors . A restored S - 39B is on display at the New England Air Museum , Windsor Locks , CT . A 1930 Sikorsky S - 39 is owned by Kermit Weeks and on display at Fantasy of Flight in Polk City , FL .
Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery is a cemetery for soldiers of the Confederate States of America located on the eastern side of Fayetteville in Washington County , Arkansas . Added to the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) in 1993 , the cemetery encompasses . History . Many American Civil War battles were fought in northwest Arkansas , including the Battle of Cane Hill , Battle of Pea Ridge , Battle of Prairie Grove , and many small skirmishes such as the Action at Fayetteville . Initially scattered throughout Benton County and Washington County , efforts in 1878 by the Southern Memorial Association of Washington County succeeded in collecting the remains of fallen Confederate soldiers and burying them in the new Confederate cemetery . The Association paid for the remains to be moved and re - interred . Design . The hundreds of graves are arranged into tree - shaded rows surrounded by an 1885 wall of native stone . The cemetery also offers a view from the hill down onto Fayetteville . A monument was constructed around 1898 at the center of the cemetery .
Hansa - Brandenburg GW The Hansa - Brandenburg GW was a floatplane torpedo bomber produced in Germany during World War I for the Imperial German Navy . In configuration , it was similar to the Hansa - Brandenburg G . I land - based bomber , but the GW was substantially larger and heavier . Like the G . I , it was a conventional three - bay biplane design with staggered wings with the lower wing of slightly greater span than the upper . The undercarriage consisted of twin pontoons , each mounted on a separate truss structure , leaving space between them for a single torpedo to be dropped from the underside of the fuselage . The metal trusses that had attached the engines to the sides of the G . I ' s fuselage were not present in this design , with the engine nacelles carried on struts in the interplane gap .
Château de Landskron The Château de Landskron ( or Landskron Castle ) is situated in the southern part of Alsace , in the east of France , a few footsteps away from Switzerland , in the commune of Leymen . The village situated at the north of the ruin , Leymen , in the département of Haut - Rhin , lies in France while Flüh , at the south east foot of the ruin , is in Switzerland . The castle was built before 1297 . Several disputes concerning the ownership have been reported . It was widely extended in 1516 . After 1665 Vauban rebuilt the fortress , converting the keep to a state prison for political prisoners and for the mentally ill . Bernard Duvergez a courtier at the French court , was held there from 1769 until 1790 when he was discovered by revolutionaries looking for political prisoners . He died while waiting for them to find him a better place . He is the subject of a local romance : " The prisoner of Landskron " The castle survived the revolution , whereas the houses of the rich in Leyman were burnt . The castle was destroyed in 1813 by the Austrian and the Bavarian armies fighting against Napoléon Bonaparte . After that time it was a ruin . In the 1970s , the former owners installed a colony of monkeys into the ruins . Since 1984 , the castle has belonged to the " Association pour la Sauvegarde du Château de Landskron " ( Association for the Protection of Landskron Castle ) and was partly restored in 1996 . Further restoration work is planned . One of the main characteristics of the castle is its big rectangular tower or keep . The Château de Landskron has been classed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture since 1923 .
George W . Lucas George Washington Lucas ( 1845 – May 17 , 1921 ) was an American soldier , who was a Private in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company C , 3d Missouri Cavalry . Place and date : At Benton , Ark . , July 25 , 1864 . Entered service at : Mt . Sterling , Brown County , Ill . Birth : Adams County , Ill . Date of issue : December 1864 . Citation : Pursued and killed Confederate Brig . Gen . George M . Holt , Arkansas Militia , capturing his arms and horse .
Charles Coster Charles R . Coster ( c . 1837 – December 23 , 1888 ) was an American soldier and public official , who is best known for commanding a brigade at the Battle of Gettysburg . Early life and service . Coster was born in New York City , New York . On April 17 , 1861 , just five days after the firing on Fort Sumter , he enlisted as a private in the 7th New York Militia , one of the first regiments to come to the defense of Washington , DC at the outbreak of the Civil War . He later enlisted in 1861 at age 24 as a first lieutenant in 12th U . S . Infantry . He served in Brig . Gen . George Sykes ' s division of V Corps in the Seven Days Battles , being commended by his superiors for his conduct at the Battle of Gaines ' Mill on June 27 , 1862 . On October 8 , 1862 , Coster was named colonel of the recently organized 134th New York Infantry Regiment . By December 31 , 1862 , the regiment belonged to Col . Orland Smith ' s 2nd Brigade of Maj . Gen . Adolph von Steinwehr ' s 2nd Division , XI Corps , Army of the Potomac . Coster ' s regiment participated in the Battle of Chancellorsville under Brig . Gen . Francis C . Barlow , who had been appointed brigade commander in place of Smith . During May 1863 , Coster ' s regiment joined the 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , under Col . Adolphus Buschbeck . When Buschbeck went on leave on June 10 , Coster became brigade commander . In that role he patrolled near Boonsboro , Maryland before marching to Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . Gettysburg . Maj . Gen . Oliver Otis Howard kept von Steinwehr ' s division in reserve on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg , July 1 , 1863 , positioning it on Cemetery Hill . When the Union right flank north of town began to collapse , Howard permitted von Steinwehr to send Coster ' s brigade to cover its retreat . These Union troops took a position just north of the town , where they were deployed in a brickyard . The brigade was attacked by superior forces from the Confederate division of Maj . Gen . Jubal Early . Coster ' s brigade lost most of its 597 casualties in that action . The remainder of the brigade spent the next two days supporting batteries on Cemetery Hill . Howard commended Coster and other senior commanders by name for their courage and devotion to duty in his report on Gettysburg . After Gettysburg . Later in 1863 , Coster resigned his regimental command . On May 18 , 1864 , he was appointed a provost marshal for the State of New York to serve the Board of Enrollment . Coster resigned that position on April 30 , 1865 . Thereafter he lived in New York City . On February 28 , 1882 , he became a federal Pension Agent for the city , resigning effective December 1 , 1885 . He was also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic . Coster died in New York City and was buried on December 26 , 1888 . He left a widow and children . Memorials . Coster Avenue , part of the Gettysburg Battlefield but within the town itself , has a brigade marker and three regimental monuments . A mural painting on the wall of a neighboring building commemorates the Confederate attack and Coster ' s defense .
Armed Forces Museum ( Norway ) The Armed Forces Museum of Norway is located at Akershus Castle ( Building 62 ) in Oslo , Norway . The museum has free admission . Previously it was named Hærmuseet , " The Army Museum " ( even earlier Artillery Museum ) , therefore , the museum consists of mostly army materiel . The Armed Forces Museum is the main museum sorting under the Norwegian Armed Forces Museum superstructure . The museum ` s history and focus . The museum was created in 1946 when two former military museums were merged , the Artillery Museum ( established in 1860 ) and the Intendant Museum ( created in 1928 ) , under the name Hærmuséet . At first the museum was open only to military personnel , but was opened to the public in 1978 by King Olav V under the name of the Armed Forces Museum . The museum is located inside the Castle Square , in one of the old military arsenal s from the 1860s . The main purpose of the museum is to show the Norwegian military history from Viking Age to the present , and the museum consists of six departments : In addition , in periods of special exhibitions . In addition to promoting Norwegian military history ( especially for school groups ) , the museum ' s mission is to be the main military museum .
John Rowlands ( GC ) Air Marshal Sir John Rowlands GC , KBE ( 23 September 1915 – 4 June 2006 ) was a Welsh Royal Air Force officer who was awarded the George Cross for his work in bomb disposal and later worked in the development of Britain ' s nuclear weapons programme . RAF career . Rowlands was born in Hawarden , Flintshire and was educated at the local Hawarden Grammar School . He took a degree in Physics at the University of Wales , where he captained the university football side and was in the tennis team . At the outbreak of World War II , Rowlands joined the RAF Volunteer Reserve . After undertaking pilot training at RAF Ternhill and gaining his pilots wings , he trained in armament engineering at RAF Manby in Lincolnshire . He was promoted to the rank of Flying Officer in the Technical Branch on 7 October 1940 and to Temporary Flight Lieutenant on 1 December 1941 . He was appointed a MBE in 1942 . He received further promotions to Acting Squadron Leader on 2 November 1942 , to war - substantive Flight Lieutenant on 2 April 1943 , to war - substantive Squadron Leader on 13 January 1944 and to Acting Wing Commander on 13 July of the same year . The citation for his George Cross declared : The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the GEORGE CROSS to : Acting Wing Commander John Samuel Rowlands , M . B . E . ( 73378 ) , Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve . For over 2 years , Wing Commander Rowlands has been employed on bomb disposal duties and has repeatedly displayed the most conspicuous courage and unselfish devotion to duty in circumstances of great personal danger . He was invested with the GC by King George VI at Buckingham Palace on 20 July 1945 . He was given a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force in September 1945 with the rank of Flight Lieutenant and attended RAF Staff College in Haifa in 1946 . He was subsequently promoted to Squadron Leader , dated 3 December 1946 but back - dated to January 1945 . Promoted to Wing Commander in January 1952 , Rowlands was posted to head an RAF team at the Atomic Warfare Research Establishment to participate in the development of the British atomic bomb . In 1957 he was made senior RAF advisor for the development of the H - bomb , and was promoted to Group Captain in January 1958 . He became a Staff Officer on the British Defence Staff at Washington D . C . in 1961 , and was promoted to Air Commodore on 1 July 1963 . He became the Assistant Commandant ( Technical ) at the RAF College Cranwell in 1965 . On 4 June 1968 , he was appointed Director - General of Ground Training , with the acting rank of Air Vice - Marshal , made substantive on 1 July . He was promoted to Air Marshal and appointed Air Officer Commanding RAF Maintenance Command on 13 April 1970 , where he remained until he retired in July 1973 . He was appointed OBE in 1954 and knighted KBE in 1971 . He died a few weeks before he and others were honoured at a special service at Westminster Abbey for recipients of the Victoria Cross and George Cross .
Battle of Suriagehara The Battle of Suriagahara served as the aftermath of the Siege of Kurokawa , in which Ashina Yoshihiro with his 16 , 000 men stole the moment to enact revenge for their previous defeat at Kurokawa Castle . Date Masamune , with his superior 23 , 000 troops , defeated Yoshihiro after a well fought battle on both sides .
Werner Dallmann Werner Dallmann was an Obersturmführer ( First Lieutenant ) in the Waffen SS during World War II , who was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Obersturmführer Werner Dallmann was born in Wangerin , Pomerania on the 7 April 1924 . During World War II he was the Adjutant of the 53rd SS Cavalry Regiment , 22nd Volunteer cavalry Division " Maria Theresia " when he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in January 1945 , just before he died of wounds sustained in the fighting for Budapest in February 1945 .
Gaesatae The Gaesatae ( Greek Γαισάται ) were a group of Gaulish warriors who lived in the Alps near the river Rhône and fought against the Roman Republic in the Battle of Telamon of 225 BC . The Greek historian Polybius says their name meant " mercenaries " , though the literal meaning in Gaulish is " Armed with javelins , Spearmen " ( from Gaulish " * gaison " " spear , javelin " ) , which matches Old Irish " gaiscedach " " champion , armed person " , from " gaisced " " weapons " , itself from " gáe " " spear , javelin " ) , and compare quite closely with the medieval Irish " fianna " , who were small warbands of landless young men operating independently of any kingdom . According to Polybius ' account , the Boii and Insubres of Cisalpine Gaul paid the Gaesatae , under their leaders Concolitanus and Aneroëstes , large sums of money to fight against the Romans , in response to the Roman colonisation of the former Gallic territory of Picenum . The Gauls overran and defeated a Roman army on the approach to Rome , but when the consul Lucius Aemilius Papus arrived with his troops , the Gauls followed Aneroëstes ' advice to withdraw with their booty . Papus pursued them , and the other consul Gaius Atilius Regulus cut them off at Telamon in Etruria . Polybius describes how the Gaesatae fought at the front , and unlike their Gallic allies who fought in trousers and light cloaks , they went into battle naked , both because of their great confidence and their desire not to get their clothes caught in the brambles . Diodorus Siculus also reports that some Gauls fought naked , trusting in the protection of nature . The appearance of these well - built naked warriors , and the noise of their trumpets and war - cries , intimidated the Romans , but their small shields offered little protection against Roman javelins , and the Gaesatae were driven back and their allies slaughtered . Concolitanus was captured . Aneroëstes escaped with a few followers and took his own life . In 222 BC the Gaesatae were hired again , but the Gallic forces were defeated by the Roman cavalry at Clastidium in the territory of the Insubres . According to Plutarch , in his life of Marcellus , the Gaesatae numbered 30 , 000 as they crossed the Alps , of whom 10 , 000 fought at Clastidium .
Genickschussanlage Genickschussanlage ( German for " neck shooting facility " ) is the official name of a facility used for surprise executions in Nazi Germany . The victim was placed , under a pretext , in a position where a shot could be fired into the back of his / her neck from the neighbouring room . For that purpose , the facilities were partly disguised as height measuring devices or medicinal instruments . The facilities are mostly known from concentration camp s , where they were not only used to carry out official death sentences , but also to carry out inconspicuous murder of larger groups of victims . The device in the Buchenwald concentration camp . In the Buchenwald concentration camp , after 1941 , the facility was mostly used to murder Soviet prisoners of war . These prisoners , who were brought to the camp from other concentration camps , were placed in a former horse stable converted to a rudimentary medical examination room under the pretext of a medical examination . They were then placed in front of the measuring device on the wall , and during the " measuring " , they were executed by shooting them in the back of the neck through a specially created hole in the wall . The floor was colored in brown to conceal the blood to new prisoners . Because the prisoners were brought for immediate execution , neither their arrival at the camp nor their death were registered in the camp ' s listings . The number of victims shot with the help of this device is estimated to be about 8 , 000 . The Kommando 99 was responsible for the device .
Ernst - Wilhelm Hoffmann Ernst - Wilhelm Hoffmann ( 27 September 1904 – 27 August 1994 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II who was the last commander of the 4 . Panzer - Division . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership .
USS Breakwater ( SP - 681 ) USS " Breakwater " ( SP - 681 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel , minesweeper , and tug in commission from 1917 to 1920 . " Breakwater " was built as a wooden - hulled , single - screw commercial steam fishing trawler of the same name at Milton , Delaware , in 1907 . In the spring of 1917 , the U . S . Navy purchased her from the Lewes Fishing Company of Lewes , Delaware , for use during World War I . Assigned the section patrol number 681 , she was commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 12 May 1917 as USS " Breakwater " ( SP - 681 ) . Assigned to the 4th Naval District , " Breakwater " operated as a patrol vessel , minesweeper , and tug for the remainder of World War I and into the summer of 1919 . On 15 July 1919 , " Breakwater " was assigned to Submarine Division 1 at Coco Solo in the Panama Canal Zone . That day , she received orders to assemble at Cape May , New Jersey , with the patrol vessels and at " the earliest practicable date and when ready proceed in company by Canal Zone to assigned stations . " " Breakwater " reached her station in the Canal Zone and operated out of Coco Solo as a utility vessel with Submarine Division 1 . Drydocked in the spring of 1920 , " Breakwater " was found to be in poor shape , and a board of inspection and survey condemned her . She was decommissioned at Coco Solo on 8 September 1920 and was sold to the Panama Construction Company on 8 April 1921 .
Battle of Ürümqi ( 1870 ) The Battle of Ürümqi ( 1870 ) was a battle waged by Yaqub Beg ' s Turkic kingdom of Kashgaria against Chinese Muslim rebels in Ürümqi in a bid to conquer all of Xinjiang and subjugated Chinese Muslims under his control . Battle . Yaqub Beg ' s Turkic Andijani Uzbek Muslim forces declared a Jihad against Chinese Muslims ( Dungans ) under T ' o Ming ( Tuo Ming a . k . a . Daud Khalifa ) during the Dungan revolt . Yaqub Beg enlisted non Muslim Han Chinese militia under Xu Xuegong ( Hsu Hsuehkung ) in order to fight against the Chinese Muslims . Yaqub Beg had 1 , 500 Han Chinese militia with his Turkic forces attacking Dungans in Urumchi . The following year , in 1871 , the Han Chinese militia switched sides and then joined the Dungans in a revolt against the Turkic forces . T ' o Ming ' s forces were defeated by Yaqub , who planned to conquer Dzungharia . Yaqub intended to seize all Dungan territory .
USS McCaffery ( DD - 860 ) USS " McCaffery " ( DD / DDE - 860 ) was a " Gearing " class destroyer , named for Lieutenant Colonel Joseph P . McCaffery , USMC , ( 1906 – 1943 ) killed in action at Bougainville on 1 November 1943 and posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Nicknamed " Big Mac " , " McCaffery " was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at San Pedro in California on 1 October 1944 , launched on 12 April 1945 by Miss Patricia McCaffery , niece of Lieutenant Colonel McCaffery and commissioned on 26 July 1945 . " McCaffery " operated with the Seventh Fleet in support of United Nations Forces during the Korean War , alternated operations along the east coast and in the Caribbean with the 2nd Fleet with deployments to the Mediterranean with the Sixth Fleet , underwent an extensive Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization ( FRAM ) overhaul at the New York Naval Shipyard in 1961 , participated in quarantine operations during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 , acted as communications relay ship for the Mercury space shot in May 1963 , participated in the recovery missions for the " Gemini IX " and " Gemini XII " missions , and participated in Sea Dragon and Market Time operations , patrolled on search and rescue duties and carried out Naval Gunfire Support missions during the Vietnam War . " McCaffery " was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 September 1973 , and sold for scrap on 11 June 1974 .
Hullyeondae The Hullyeondae ( literally " Military Training Division " ) was a Korean army established under Japan ese direction when the second Gabo Reform was being held in 1895 , the 32nd year of King Gojong ' s reign . On January 17 in the same year , Japanese legation minister , Kaoru Inoue suggested to the king to found a new court guard . The army was trained by Japanese instructors and exploited by ronin when Queen Min was assassinated by the Japanese on October 8 , 1895 .