naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
German submarine U - 508 German submarine " U - 508 " was a Type IXC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was laid down at the " Deutsche Werft " yard in Hamburg as ' werk ' 304 on 24 September 1940 , launched on 30 July 1941 and commissioned on 20 October with " Oberleutnant " Georg Staats in command . " U - 508 " began her service career with training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla from 20 October 1941 . She was re - assigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 July 1942 . She carried out six patrols and sank 14 ships . She was sunk by an American aircraft in November 1943 . Operational career . 1st patrol . The boat departed Kiel on 30 July 1942 , moved through the North Sea and negotiated the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands . She sailed close to the west coast of Ireland in a southerly direction , then turned southwest toward Cuba . She sank the " Manzanillo " on 12 August 1942 in the Straits of Florida . She entered Lorient , on the French Atlantic coast , ( which was to be her base for most of the rest of her career ) , on 15 September 1942 . 2nd patrol . " U - 508 " s second foray took her to the waters off South America . The pickings were rich . This sortie , while not the boat ' s longest , was her most successful . Some , but not all of her victims are shown below : She sank the " City of Corinth " north of Trinidad on 17 November 1942 . < br > Ten days later , she sank the " Clan Mcfayden " east of Galeota Point , Trinidad . < br > She went on to sink the " Solon II " on 3 December northeast of Georgetown , British Guiana . The ship went down in twenty seconds . < br > The " Nigerian " , which was sunk on 9 December , had amongst her passengers , four British army officers . They were taken prisoner and landed at Lorient on the submarine ' s return . 3rd , 4th and 5th patrols . On her third patrol , the boat was attacked by a British B - 24 Liberator of No . 224 Squadron RAF and seriously damaged . Her fourth sortie was relatively uneventful and short , lasting just three days . Patrol number five , at 100 days the longest , saw the U - boat steam as far as the west African coast . In the Gulf of Guinea , she sank the " Manchester Citizen " on 9 July 1943 . She then sank the " Incomati " on the 18th , south of Lagos in Nigeria . She returned to Lorient on 14 September . 6th patrol and loss . Having moved from Lorient to St . Nazaire , " U - 508 " departed for her sixth and what turned out to be her final patrol on 9 November . On the 12th , while still on the outward leg , she was sunk by an American Liberator in the Bay of Biscay . Fifty - seven men died ; there were no survivors .
German submarine U - 964 German submarine " U - 964 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " built for service during World War II . A short - lived boat , " U - 964 " is most noted for being one of three new boats ordered by the " Kriegsmarine " to attack Convoy ON 206 in the Western Approaches . To do this , the three boats had to travel a long distance on the surface during daylight hours in a region patrolled by Allied aircraft . This had fatal consequences for all U - boat s involved . " U - 964 " was built by the Blohm & Voss shipyards in Hamburg during 1942 as a Type VIIC boat designed to fight in the waters of the Northern Atlantic Ocean . Her construction was rapid and smooth , and following her completion in February 1943 she was taken for training and working - up patrols in the Baltic Sea and off the Norwegian coast . Her commander during this period was veteran submariner " Kapitänleutnant " Emmo Hummerjohann , who was experienced in combat operations and was still in charge when she departed Bergen , Norway in early October 1943 for her maiden combat patrol in the North Atlantic . War patrol . Following her departure from Norway , she passed into the Atlantic and headed southwards towards the Western Approaches . After eleven days sailing , she was still well within allied air cover when she received a radio message to link with and and attack an important convoy several hundred miles to the south . Realising that the only feasible method of reaching the area on time was to travel on the surface , the three boats proceeded south in full daylight . Luck ran out fast as a patrolling aircraft spotted the boats and called in Consolidated Liberator aircraft from several different squadrons . A fierce battle followed , in which two Royal Air Force Liberators were shot down before all three boats were sunk . " U - 964 " was seriously damaged by bombs from aircraft of 86 Squadron ( particularly from the plane of Flying Officer George Gamble ) , and began to sink , her crew scrambling over the side into the sea as she settled . Of the approximately 35 men who escaped the submarine , only five survived to be collected by several days later . Only three of these men subsequently recovered from their ordeal .
Galeran V de Beaumont , Comte of Meulant Waleran de Meullent ( or de Meulan ) was the eldest son and associate count of Robert II of Meulan . He died at the siege of Acre in 1191 during the Third Crusade in the service of his overlord Richard I of England . Galeran ' s younger brother , Pierre of Beaumont - le - Roger also predeceased their father Count Robert which set up a succession problem for the honor of Meulan when Count Robert eventually died .
104th Infantry ( SULTAN ) Brigade The 104th Infantry Brigade , 1st Infantry Division , Philippine Army , known officially as the Sultan Brigade , is one of the brigades of the Philippine Army which is organic to its 1st Infantry Division . It is an infantry unit , and specializes in anti - guerrilla warfare . History . The 104th Infantry Brigade was originally the Task Force “ Sultan ” activated on 5 April 2000 at Camp General Teodolfo Bautista , Bus - bus , Jolo , Sulu to confront the threat posed by the terrorist Abu Sayaff group in Sulu and Tawi - tawi Provinces . The Task Force was eventually reconstituted on 26 October 2000 and renamed as the 104th Infantry “ Sultan ” Brigade under the 1st Infantry Division of the Philippine Army pursuant to Section II , General Order Number 1195 of Headquarters Philippine Army dated 25 October 2000 . The task was for the brigade to confront the Abu Sayyaf group which was engaged in kidnap for ransom activities . It stayed in the area until January 2008 when it was given a new area — Lanao del Norte primarily to help contain the MILF group in the province . In the aftermath of the August 2008 atrocities perpetrated by a group of the MILF who were eventually outlawed , its units featured significantly in the restoration of stability in Lanao del Norte . On 22 December 2009 , the brigade headquarters swapped with 601 Infantry Brigade in Tacurong City and assumed command and control over units deployed in the Provinces of Maguindanao and Sultan Kudarat : a State of Emergency exist in these places to curb the violence and lawlessness attributed to political competition . The brigade was then tasked to assist the police restore order and civil governance . Mission . The 104th Infantry ( Sultan ) Brigade conducts Internal Security Operations ( ISO ) in the assigned area of responsibility ( AOR ) of the 1st Infantry Division in Western Mindanao to dismantle and destroy the remaining guerilla fronts of the Local Communist Movement ( LCM ) , hold and contain the Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF ) , and destroy the Abu Sayyaf Group in order to attain peace and stability conducive to sustainable development in assisting the Philippine government in its socio - economic development projects ; and assists the Philippine National Police curb criminalities in the area . Units . The following are the Infantry Battalion units that are presently placed under operational control of the 104th Infantry Brigade .
Aberdyfi Castle Aberdyfi Castle is a castle located near Glandyfi , Ceredigion , in Wales . All that now remains is the motte , which is referred to as " Domen Las " ( traditionally meaning " green mound " in Welsh ) . History . It was founded by the Lord Rhys , Rhys ap Gruffydd in 1156 , in response to a threat to his lands from the north from Owain Gwynedd , who had assembled an army to march on Ceredigion . Rhys " raised a ditch to give battle " , according to " Brut y Tywysogion " , or the ' Chronicles of the Princes ' . The threat did not arrive but an earthwork and timber castle was built on the site . A motte was constructed at the end of a low ridge running across marshy ground , surrounded on two sides by the confluence of the Dyfi and Einion rivers . The mound is still around 20 feet high with a diameter at the top of about 30 feet and it was surrounded by a deep ditch . Roger de Clare , a Norman lord , attacked and captured the castle in about 1158 . However , the Lord Rhys recaptured the castle . Llywelyn the Great held an assembly at Aberdyfi Castle in 1216 where he supervised the parcelling - out of land in south Wales to the minor rulers of Deheubarth in return for their homage . Hitherto Llywelyn had ruled over Gwynedd only ; however , the Aberdyfi assembly is seen as a crucial point in his reign , marking the moment at which the minor rulers of Wales submitted to Llywelyn ' s overlordship . In 1230 he began using the style ' prince of Aberffraw , lord of Snowdon ' - in essence , a confirmation of his de facto position as prince of Wales .
Yamashita Gentarō Baron was an admiral in the early Imperial Japanese Navy . Biography . Born in the Yonezawa domain , Dewa Province ( present day Yamagata prefecture ) , Yamashita graduated from the 10th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1883 , ranked 4th out of 27 cadets . After midshipman service in the ironclad warship " Ryūjō " , and cruiser he was assigned to a number of ships in the early navy , including the corvette , ironclad warship , corvette , gunboat , cruiser . He then attended advanced naval artillery training , and was assigned to the corvette " Hiei " as chief gunnery officer in 1891 , followed by assignments on " Kaimon " and corvette . During the First Sino - Japanese War , Yamashita served as chief gunnery officer on the corvette , followed by . At the end of the war , Yamashita had a number of administrative assignments on shore . In 1896 , Yamashita was assigned to England to oversee ship construction . While based in London , he was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1897 , and then to commander in 1898 . On his return to Japan in 1899 , he was appointed executive officer on the cruiser s followed by the . In July 1900 , Yamashita was assigned command of Japanese marines during the Boxer Rebellion at Tientsin and , after serving special duty in Hong Kong and Chefoo , he was promoted to captain in 1903 . During the Russo - Japanese War , Yamashita served as an operations planner at the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff . Following the war , he was assigned command of the cruiser , which proved to be the only time he ever actually captained a ship . After holding various staff posts between 1906 and 1912 , Yamashita was promoted to rear admiral on 28 August 1908 and vice admiral on 1 December 1912 . From 1910 - 1914 , he was Commandant of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy . Following Japan ' s entry into World War I , Yamashita served as vice chief of the Navy General Staff until 1915 . From 1915 - 1917 , he was Commander in Chief of the Sasebo Naval District . On 1 December 1917 , he was given command of the IJN 1st Fleet . Promoted to admiral on 2 July 1918 , Yamashita served as commander of the Combined Fleet , from 1 September 1918 until 28 October 1918 , shortly before the war ' s end . After serving as Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff from 1 December 1920 until 15 April 1925 , Yamashita held several honorary and ceremonial posts until being placed on the second reserve list on 1 July 1928 . He was ennobled with the title of " danshaku " ( baron ) under the " kazoku " peerage system on 10 November 1928 , and lived in retirement until his death in 1931 . His grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo .
Grabštejn Grabštejn ( ) is a castle situated not far from the city of Liberec , in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic , near the three - country - border area where the borders of the Czech Republic , Germany , and Poland meet . History . The original Gothic castle of Grafenstein was founded in the 13th century . In 1562 , it was bought by Crown Chancellor Georg Mehl von Strelitz . Between 1566 and 1586 , he had rebuilt the castle in Renaissance style and thus turned it into a representative chateau . Georg Mehl also had a steward ' s house built below the castle , which was around the year 1830 rebuilt in Classicist style . Shortly before that – around 1818 – Christian of Clam - Gallas had built the New Castle near the Old Castle . The new building was surrounded by a large garden with a number of valuable plants . The Old Castle has preserved its original Renaissance appearance despite a fire which damaged its upper floors in 1843 . The House of Clam - Gallas owned Grabštejn since 1704 until it was confiscated in 1945 . After the Second World War , the castle was open to the public , but in 1953 , the whole castle complex was taken over by the Ministry of Defence . The Old Castle ' s condition significantly deteriorated after the army left in the late 1980s . Repairs and restorations began in 1989 . Nowadays , Grabštejn is one of the best restored monuments of great importance in the Czech Republic . The castle was opened to the public again in 1993 . The tower offers a marvellous view of the three - border - triangle , the castle ' s northern wing , and the vault . The most touristically attractive part of the castle interior is the St . Barbara chapel decorated with Renaissance fresco paintings from the 16th century . All parts of the ceiling and walls are ornamented in with interlaced figural , animal , and heraldic motifs .
Russell La Forte Air Commodore Russell William ' Russ ' La Forte , CBE is a British Royal Air Force officer . He is currently serving as Commander of the British Forces South Atlantic Islands and previously served as Commandant - General of the RAF Regiment . Early life . Born in 1960 to Edward La Forte , he was educated at Manor Primary School , Didcot , and Wallingford Grammar School , Wallingford , Berkshire . He was a member of the Air Training Corps as a teenager . Military career . In 1978 , La Forte joined the RAF Regiment as a gunner . On 20 May 1982 , the then Senior Aircraftman La Forte was commissioned into the Security Branch of the Royal Air Force as a pilot officer with seniority from 25 September 1980 . He was given the service number 8174289Q . He was promoted to flight lieutenant on 25 September 1986 . As part of the half - yearly promotions , he was promoted to squadron leader on 1 July 1991 , and to wing commander on 1 January 1999 . He was promoted to group captain on 1 January 2004 . From 2007 to 2009 , he served as Station Commander of RAF Honington . He then attended the Higher Command and Staff Course at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom . He then served as Commandant - General of the RAF Regiment from February 2010 to January 2012 . In December 2011 , he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff Training , HQ No . 22 Group . In March 2013 , he was appointed Commander British Force South Atlantic Islands . Honours and decorations . In the 1995 New Year Honours , La Forte was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) . He was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2009 Queen ' s Birthday Honours . He was appointed Aide de Camp ( ADC ) to Queen Elizabeth II on 1 November 2007 .
George Hunt ( Royal Navy officer ) Captain George Edward Hunt DSO and Bar , DSC and Bar ( 4 July 1916 – 16 August 2011 ) was a highly decorated Royal Navy submarine commander during the Second World War . While commanding HMS " Ultor " he became the British submarine commander with the greatest number of sinkings of enemy vessels to his name , though David Wanklyn VC achieved sinkings of greater tonnage . Of the 68 torpedoes Hunt fired , 47 % hit their targets .
RAF Throwley Throwley Aerodrome was a Royal Flying Corps First World War airfield at Throwley near Faversham , Kent , England . History . Land situated between Bells Forstal and Throwley Forstal , including Dodds Willows and the Bells Forstal farmhouse was acquired by the Royal Flying Corps in 1916 for use as a landing ground for home defence squadrons defending London and the Thames Estuary and Kent . From October 1916 50 Squadron RFC detached aircraft to Throwley . In July 1917 newly formed 112 Squadron was based with a variety of biplane fighters including the Sopwith Pup , Sopwith Camel and Sopwith Snipe . In February 1918 142 Squadron was formed at Throwley flying the Armstrong Whitworth F . K . 8 but it moved soon after to nearby RAF Detling . 188 Squadron was formed at Throwley on 20 December 1917 as a training unit with the Avro 504 K , in June 1918 the squadron provided training for the units flying the Sopwith Camel . In March 1919 188 Squadron RAF was disbanded and in June 1919 112 Squadron RAF was disbanded and the land was returned to agricultural use .
Fujiwara no Hidesato Hidesato served under Emperor Suzaku , and fought alongside Taira no Sadamori in 940 in suppressing the revolt of Taira no Masakado . His prayer for victory before this battle is commemorated in the Kachiya Festival . Hidesato was then appointed " Chinjufu - shogun " ( Defender of the North ) and Governor of Shimotsuke Province .
Nandana Udawatta Major General Nandana Udawatta , RSP , USP , psc , SLAC is a Sri Lankan general , who is the current Commander Security Forces Headquarters - Mullaittivu and was the General Officer Commanding , 59 Division during the SLA offensives in the Wanni region during 2008 - 2009 period that led to a major victory for the SLA over the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) in the Sri Lankan civil war . Educated at Royal College , Colombo , Udawatta joined the army on August 31 , 1981 after leaving school and was commissioned in to the Sri Lanka Armoured Corps in 1982 as a Second Lieutenant . He was promoted as Lieutenant in 1984 , Captain in 1986 , Major in 1990 , Lieutenant Colonel in 1997 and Colonel in 2000 . He went to become the commanding officer the 5th Reconnaissance Regiment , SLAC and Commander of Armoured Corps four times and played a major role in operations such as Jayasikuru , Wanni Wickrama and Green Belt . In 2006 he was promoted the rank of Brigadier and served as Deputy officiating GOC of the 57 Division . On November 13 , 2007 he was appointed as officiating General Officer Commanding of the newly formed 59 Division . The 59 Division was tasked with single - handedly fighting its way to recapture the rebel stronghold of Mullaitivu from the welioya sector . The division captured much of the district of Mullaitivu , the major LTTE One Four base and finally the town of Mullaitivu during the Mullaitivu Battle in early 2009 . On February 5 , 2009 he was promoted to the rank of Major General . Thereafter on May 10 , 2009 he was appointed briefly as Overall Operations Commander , Anuradhapura prior to being posted as Commander Security Forces Headquarters - Mullaittivu in June 2009 . General Udawatta has received the Rana Sura Padakkama ( RSP ) , Uttama Seva Padakkama ( USP ) , the Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal , the Riviresa Campaign Services Medal , the Purna Bhumi Padakkama and the North and East Operations Medal .
Central Defense Command Central Defense Command ( CDC ) was established on 17 March 1941 as the command formation of the U . S . Army responsible for coordinating the defense of the Midwest region of the United States . A second major responsibility of CDC was the training of soldiers prior to their deployment overseas . The first Commanding General of CDC was Lieutenant General Ben Lear , who continued on in command of the Second U . S . Army . CDC headquarters was co - located with the existing Second Army headquarters in Memphis . CDC ' s operational region covered the states of Wyoming , Colorado , North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , Minnesota , Iowa , Missouri , Wisconsin , Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Ohio , Kentucky and West Virginia . On 15 January 1944 Central Defense Command was merged into Eastern Defense Command . Commanders . The following men served as Commanding General , Central Defense Command :
Gerhard von Schwerin Gerhard ( " Gerd " ) Helmuth Detloff Graf von Schwerin ( 23 June 1899 – 29 October 1980 ) was a German army General in World War II . As " General der Panzertruppe " , he was tasked with defending the city of Aachen while in command of the 116th Panzer Division " " Windhund " " ( the " Greyhound Division " ) . World War II . In February 1939 , just before the outbreak of the conflict , von Schwerin , then with the rank of Major , at great personal risk made a covert approach whilst in London to the British Foreign Office ' s German Department . He suggested that if the British Government abandoned its policy of appeasement towards the III Reich and moved to a stance of open military opposition towards its escalating aggression in Europe , this would provide a rallying point and catalyst for elements in the Wehrmacht that were willing to stage a coup d ' etat against the Nazi government . Frank Roberts ( diplomat ) , the Foreign Office official who dealt with the issue , dismissed the approach as purely an internal German matter . North - West Europe Campaign . As the 3rd US Armored Division reached Aachen on 13 September 1944 , the once - formidable 116th Panzer - Division , commanded by von Schwerin , had been reduced to 600 men , 12 tanks and no artillery pieces . In an attempt to prevent civilian casualties and to protect the city ' s historical architecture and relics ( it was the ancient centre of Charlemagne ' s empire , or the First Reich ) , he left a letter at the telegraph office to be given to the American commander , General Courtney Hodges , informing him of his intent to surrender the city without contest . Later , when he learned that the Americans had stopped to regroup and an attack wasn ' t imminent he tried to retrieve the message but it had fallen into the hands of Nazi party functionaries . Upon learning of the note ' s contents Adolf Hitler ordered von Schwerin ' s arrest and trial for treason . With the aid of General Field Marshals Gerd von Rundstedt and Walter Model however he escaped death and received only a severe reprimand . He was then ordered to the Italian front and even promoted to General der Panzertruppe , commanding General of the LXXVI . Panzerkorps . On April 26 , 1945 he was captured by the British Army , and subsequently released at the end of 1947 . Although the town was heavily damaged by fighting after the note incident and his arrest and removal , post - war von Schwerin styled himself " The Savior of Aachen " . Post war career . In May 1950 , Schwerin was appointed as chief advisor on military issues and security policy to Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and head of the covert government agency Dienststelle Schwerin ( with the code name " Zentrale für Heimatdienst " ) , responsible for preparations for German rearmament . However , after he talked to the press about his work , he was replaced by Theodor Blank in October 1950 . Schwerin subsequently was active as an advisor on military policy for the parliamentary group of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany .