naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
LÉ Emer ( P21 ) LÉ " Emer " ( P21 ) was a ship in the Irish Naval Service . The ship was named after Emer , the principal wife of Cúchulainn and the daughter of a chieftain from Rush , County Dublin . After evaluating for 3 years , " Emer " was ordered in 1975 . Experience with " Deirdre " showed a need for more engine power , better crew accommodation and improved silencing . The vessel was modernised throughout her service life in order to take advantage of new technologies and to make life for the crew more comfortable ; additions included air conditioning . She was an improved version of the sole of Class and is similar to the improved versions and . She was commissioned on 16 January 1978 and decommissioned on 20 September 2013 . On 23 October 2013 Emer was sold at auction for €320 , 000 to a Nigerian Businessman
Battle of Hennersdorf The Battle of Hennersdorf , sometimes referred to as Catholic - Hennersdorf , was a minor encounter that took place on November 23 , 1745 in Katholisch - Hennersdorf in Silesia ( Prussia , present - day Poland ) during the War of the Austrian Succession . The Prussia ns under Frederick II defeated the Austrians under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine . The Prussians surprised the Austrians and Saxons in their cantonment s in Lusatia with the most success at Hennersdorf . There a force of two regiments of hussars and two regiments of cuirassiers under Zieten attacked a small force of two battalions of Saxon infantry and three regiments of Saxon cavalry . The Saxons , after making a desperate stand , were overwhelmed by the arrival of additional Prussian cavalry , infantry and artillery .
Aviatik ( Ö ) C . I The Aviatik ( Ö ) C . I , the prototypes of which were known as Aviatik 30 . 14 , Aviatik 30 . 15 and Aviatik 30 . 16 , was an Austro - Hungarian 2 - seat reconnaissance aircraft produced from 1917 . Development . Despite the known performance issues with the contemporary production reconnaissance aircraft , ( Knoller C . II ( Av ) among others ) , development of the C . I was delayed until authoristation was given to proceed on 26 September 1916 , when three prototypes were ordered for evaluation . Flight trials of the prototypes were satisfactory and 96 production Aviatik C . I series 37 aircraft were ordered in March 1917 . A relatively conventional aircraft of its day , the C . I followed contemporary practice of a single tractor engine with two cockpits , front for pilot and rear for observer / gunner . Construction was primarily of wood with fabric covered wings and tail but plywood covered fuselage . Powered by Austro - Daimler 185hp engines the series 37 aircraft were eagerly awaited by front - line squadrons of the LFT , but disappointment quickly set in as the aircraft failed to meet performance specifications , particularly in rate of climb , and suffered from fragile airframe , not to mention sloppy workmanship . Other issues with photo - reconnaissance aircraft included vibration , causing blurred images , cramped rear cockpit and inability to carry larger cameras than focal length . Even more criticism was levelled on the stability and the cumbersome control wheel for roll control , making the C . I light on the controls and prone to oscillate at the slightest upset . To alleviate some performance issues the C . I series 137 was developed , powered by a Austro - Daimler 200hp , but availability of the engine was limited because it was given priorty for fighter aircraft . In lieu of the 200 hp engine most 137 series aircraft were fitted with re - furbished Austro - Daimler 185hp engines . Although generally appreciated by the squadron pilots the 137 series also suffered from the same fragile airframe and shoddy workmanship found in the series 37 . Some C . I aircraft were converted to single - seaters , losing in weight , armed with two synchronised machine - guns in the fuselage , proving popular due to the increased performance . Operational history . The three prototypes were evaluated in late 1916 and early 1917 , with production aircraft reaching the front in August 1917 . Production C . Is were flown by many of the reconnaissance " Flik " s ( " Flieger Kompagnien " ) of the LFT ( " LuftFahrTruppe " ) , including Fliks 17 / D , 21 / D , 24 / F , and 48 / D in the South Tyrol theatre and 2 / D , 5 / D , 12 / Rb , 19 / D , 22 / D , 23 / D , 32 , 34 / D , 46 / P and 58 / D on the Isonzo front . The Aviatik C . I was slowly replaced by more capable aircraft from the Spring of 1918 .
Kosmos 2397 Kosmos 2397 ( meaning " Cosmos 2397 " ) is a Russia n US - KMO missile early warning satellite which was launched in 2003 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using infrared telescope s . Kosmos 2397 was launched from Site 81 / 24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . A Proton - K carrier rocket with a DM - 2 upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 04 : 23 UTC on 24 April 2003 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into geostationary orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2003 - 015A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 27775 . The satellite developed problems two months after being launched . It started drifting eastwards in June 2003 and had reached 155E by November 2003 .
SM UB - 144 SM " UB - 144 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat built for the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was never commissioned into the German Imperial Navy but surrendered to Britain on 27 March 1919 and broken up in Rochester in 1922 . Construction . She was built by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft of Kiel and following just under a year of construction , launched at Kiel on 5 October 1918 . " UB - 144 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 144 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 144 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Spanish ship Tigre ( 1747 ) Tigre was a 74 - gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy , launched in 1747 . She was captured by the Royal Navy on 13 August 1762 , and commissioned as the third rate HMS " Tigre " . She was sold out of the navy in 1783 .
Battle of DimDim The Battle of Dimdim is the name for the battle between the Safavid Empire and the Sunni Kurds of Ottoman Empire between 1609 and 1610 . Location . The battle took place at the pre - Islamic fortress of Dimdim located on Mt . Dimdim in Bradost region around Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran . The fortress that Amir Khan Lepzerin rebuilt was eventually captured by the Safavid army and later destroyed by the order of the Ottoman governor of Urmia . Although the fortress was destroyed , today the exact location of the fortress can be determined , since small portions of the walls and piles of building material are still visible in what was the location of Dimdim Castle . Prelude . The battle took place around the fortress called Dimdim located in the Bradost region around Lake Urmia in northwestern Persia . In 1609 , the ruined structure was rebuilt by Amir Khan Lepzerin ( The Khan with the Golden Hand ) , the ruler of Bradost , who sought to maintain the independence of his expanding principality in the face of both Ottoman and Safavid penetration into the region . Rebuilding Dimdim was considered a move toward independence that could threaten Safavid power in the northwest . Some Kurds , including the rulers of Mukriyan ( modern day Mahabad ) , rallied around Amir Khan . The battle . There are well documented historical accounts of a long battle from 1609 to 1610 between Kurds and the Safavid Empire . The Kurds were at a disadvantage numerically and technologically . After a siege lasting almost a year , the Safavid Grand Vizier Hatem Beg captured the fort and massacred the Kurdish garrison . Ultimately , The Safavid army entered the fort and massacred the Kurdish garrison . They were able to achieve victory because their superior armour and training . After the battle , Shah Abbas I has been documented to be laughing at the battle , quoting " These Kurds are not worthy of my time ! " Aftermath . After a long and bloody siege led by the Safavid grand vizier Hatem Beg , which lasted from November 1609 to the summer of 1610 , Dimdim was captured . All the defenders were killed . Shah Abbas I ordered a general massacre in Bradost and Mukriyan ( reported by Iskandar Beg Turkoman , Safavid Historian in the Book " Alam Aray - e Abbasi " ) and resettled the Afshar tribe in the region while deporting many Kurdish tribes to Khorasan region . Although Safavid historians ( like Iskandar Beg ) depicted the first battle of Dimdim as a result of Kurdish mutiny or treason , in Kurdish oral traditions ( Beytî Dimdim ) , literary works ( Dzhalilov , pp . 67 – 72 ) , and histories , it was treated as a struggle of the Kurdish people against foreign domination . In fact , Beytî Dimdim is considered a national epic second only to Mem û Zîn by Ahmad Khani . The first literary account of this battle is written by Faqi Tayran .
Richard Eichler Richard Karl Eichler ( 3 April 1903 – 31 January 1943 ) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Richard Eichler was killed on 31 January 1943 and was posthumously promoted to Oberst on 15 February 1943 .
SS Empire Arthur SS " Empire Arthur was a 784 ton coastal tanker which was built in 1942 . She saw service mainly in British coastal waters during the Second World War , and was briefly used as an auxiliary , supporting Royal Navy operations off Africa . Her capsize in 1943 put an end to this , but she was salvaged postwar and returned to service for several companies , under the names Merula , and then Adherity " , before being scrapped in 1962 . Wartime career . " Empire Arthur " was built by Grangemouth Dockyard , Grangemouth as yard number 439 . She was launched on 5 March 1942 and completed in June 1942 . " Empire Arthur " was built for the Ministry of War Transport and managed by Rowbotham & Sons . She was requisitioned to serve as a water carrier in October 1942 , and used as an auxiliary to supply naval ships and merchants . She served in a number of convoys during the war , spent mostly sailing between British ports , particularly Methil , Oban and Southend , and several times visiting Loch Ewe , an assembly point for merchants and naval escorts assigned to the Arctic convoys . She sailed in ballast from Liverpool on 11 July 1942 as part of convoy OS 34 , and arrived at Freetown on 30 July 1942 . She remained stationed at Freetown until capsizing there on 22 November 1943 . At least men were killed in the sinking , Master Fraser Ernest Smith and Chief Engineering Officer Andrew M . Booth , whose name was inscribed on the City of Dundee ' s Roll of Honour . The stricken " Empire Arthur " was assessed , but declared a total loss . Postwar . It was not until 1948 , several years after the end of the Second World War , that the " Empire Arthur " was completely salvaged . She was duly repaired and returned to service in 1949 , sailing with the Italian shipping firm , Ape Azionaria Petroliere as the " Merula " . Her service with her Italian owners was short , and by 1951 she was owned by the London based F . T . Everard & Sons , and had been renamed " Adherity " . She sailed with them until 1962 , when she was scrapped at Lekkerkerk , in the Netherlands . Official number and code letters . Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers . " Empire Arthur " had the UK Official Number 168798 . " Empire Arthur " used the Code Letters LDWW . Notes . 8 . Registers and Indexes of Births , Marriages and Deaths of Passengers and Seamen at Sea - BT334
USS Natalia ( SP - 1251 ) USS " Natalia " ( SP - 1229 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 " Natalia " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1909 at either Stamford , Connecticut , or Gloucester , Massachusetts , to a design by Whittelsey & Whitaker . On 8 May 1917 the U . S . Navy acquired her from her owner , John Hayes Hammond , Jr . , of either Gloucester or Stamford , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned the same day as USS " Natalia " ( SP - 1251 ) . Assigned to the 1st Naval District in northern New England , " Natalia " entered service as a section patrol boat . However , she proved unsuitable for naval use and was returned to Hammond on 5 July 1918 .
Daniel W . Lee Daniel Warnel Lee , Sr . ( June 23 , 1919 – January 22 , 1985 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in World War II . Biography . Lee joined the Army from his birthplace of Alma , Georgia in March 1942 , and by September 2 , 1944 was serving as a second lieutenant in Troop A , 117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron . On that day , at Montrevel , France , he single - handedly attacked an enemy mortar position . Despite being seriously wounded in his approach , he successfully killed or drove off all of the German soldiers . Lee survived his wounds and was subsequently promoted to first lieutenant and , on February 4 , 1946 , awarded the Medal of Honor . Lee reached the rank of captain and served in the Korean War before leaving the Army . He died at age 65 and was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery in his hometown of Alma , Georgia . Medal of Honor citation . Lee ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : 1st Lt . ( then 2d Lt . ) Daniel W . Lee was leader of Headquarters Platoon , Troop A , 117th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron , Mechanized , at Montrevel , France , on September 2 , 1944 , when the Germans mounted a strong counterattack , isolating the town and engaging its outnumbered defenders in a pitched battle . After the fight had raged for hours and our forces had withstood heavy shelling and armor - supported infantry attacks , 2d Lt . Lee organized a patrol to knock out mortars which were inflicting heavy casualties on the beleaguered reconnaissance troops . He led the small group to the edge of the town , sweeping enemy riflemen out of position on a ridge from which he observed 7 Germans manning 2 large mortars near an armored half - track about 100 yards down the reverse slope . Armed with a rifle and grenades , he left his men on the high ground and crawled to within 30 yards of the mortars , where the enemy discovered him and unleashed machine - pistol fire which shattered his right thigh . Scorning retreat , bleeding and suffering intense pain , he dragged himself relentlessly forward . He killed 5 of the enemy with rifle fire and the others fled before he reached their position . Fired on by an armored car , he took cover behind the German half - track and there found a panzerfaust with which to neutralize this threat . Despite his wounds , he inched his way toward the car through withering machinegun fire , maneuvering into range , and blasted the vehicle with a round from the rocket launcher , forcing it to withdraw . Having cleared the slope of hostile troops , he struggle back to his men , where he collapsed from pain and loss of blood . 2d Lt . Lee ' s outstanding gallantry , willing risk of life , and extreme tenacity of purpose in coming to grips with the enemy , although suffering from grievous wounds , set an example of bravery and devotion to duty in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service .
USS Lubbock ( APA - 197 ) USS " Lubbock " ( APA - 197 ) was a Haskell - class attack transport acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas . World War II service . " Lubbock " ( " APA 197 " ) was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract by Kaiser Shipbuilding Co . , Vancouver , Washington , 2 June 1944 ; launched 25 September 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Price Beeson ; acquired by the Navy 18 October 1944 ; and commissioned the same day , Comdr . Harvey J . Schroeder in command . Marines from " Lubbock " storm ashore at Iwo Jima . After shakedown , " Lubbock " departed Port Hueneme , California , 2 December for amphibious training in the Hawaiian Islands . Following a month of intensive exercises , the transport loaded with troops sortied with Transport Division 48 to join Vice Adm . Spruance ’ s U . S . 5th Fleet in the western Pacific Ocean . She stopped briefly at Eniwetok and Saipan before proceeding to the Volcano Islands for the assault on Iwo Jima . The struggle for this tiny island , needed for its valuable airstrip , was to be one of the bloodiest and most inspirational American victories of the war . Arriving off the beaches 19 February , " Lubbock " lowered her boats in the morning hours and the embarked marines stormed ashore . The transport remained in the area for 9 days , unloading cargo and receiving casualties from the beach . Landing her troops and equipment on Okinawa . Departing Iwo Jima 28 February , she transported casualties to Guam before sailing on to Espiritu Santo , where she arrived 15 March . " Lubbock " took on troops , medical supplies , and cargo for the planned assault on Okinawa , the last barrier on the road to Japan . Sailing 25 March the transport made her way to the enemy held island via Ulithi , entering the Hagushi transport area off the west coast of Okinawa 9 April . Under constant attack from Japanese air raids , " Lubbock " unloaded her troops and cargo in 5 days , sailing on the 14th for Saipan . End - of - war operations . After repairs at Ulithi , " Lubbock " arrived Leyte , Philippine Islands , 30 May , and for the rest of the war operated as an amphibious troop training ship in the Philippines . She continued operations in the Philippines as part of the occupation force until 14 October when she sailed on her first “ Operation Magic Carpet ” cruise to the United States . Over the next 8 months " Lubbock " completed three additional cruises to the Far East , and returned veterans from the Philippines , Japan , China , and Samoa . Post - war decommissioning . The transport arrived San Francisco , California , 14 July 1946 from her final voyage and decommissioned at Mare Island Navy Yard 14 December 1946 . " Lubbock " was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet and struck from the Navy list 1 October 1958 . Military awards and honors . " Lubbock " received two battle stars for World War II service .
USS Echo ( IX - 95 ) USS " Echo " ( IX - 95 ) , an unclassified miscellaneous vessel , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the nymph Echo . A sailing scow , she was used as a supply ship in the South Pacific from 1942 to 1944 . History . A twin - masted scow ( flat - bottomed schooner ) of New Zealand registry , " Echo " was built in New Zealand in 1905 by William Brown , of kauri timber . She was originally topsail rigged . Twin diesel engines were installed in 1920 . She was transferred to the US Navy under reverse Lend - Lease from New Zealand and commissioned on 4 November 1942 with Ensign M . C . Riddle in command . Sailing from Auckland on 11 November 1942 , " Echo " delivered cargo at Noumea en route to Efate in the New Hebrides . Based on this island at Port Vila , she served as a supply ship for the United States Army in the New Hebrides and adjoining island groups . On 14 February 1944 , just prior to her departure for New Zealand , the Army awarded her crew a commendation . She arrived at Wellington on 12 March 1944 , was decommissioned three days later , and returned to the New Zealand Government . Film and TV series . In 1942 - 44 she was used by US forces in the Pacific , and her story was the basis for the 1960 film with Jack Lemmon , " The Wackiest Ship in the Army " and the 1965 TV series of the same name . The storyline involved a secret mission with an Australian Coastwatcher , played by Chips Rafferty . Postwar . She was in use carrying cargo from Marlborough to Wellington until 1965 , and hence was not available for the film . She was then used from 1972 as clubrooms by the Marlborough Cruising Club , but she deteriorated , and was nearly broken up in 1990 . She is now preserved , but in poor condition , at Picton , New Zealand as the " Echo Gallery " , a scow museum and bar , and can be visited at the Picton Marina .
Oto Luthar Oto Luthar ( born 11 August 1959 ) is a Slovenian historian . Since 1992 , he has served as the director of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Ljubljana , the largest research institution in Slovenia . He was born in Murska Sobota , Slovenia , then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . He studied history at the University of Ljubljana , graduating under the supervision of Bogo Grafenauer in 1986 . He obtained his PhD in 1992 . Since 1989 , he has taught history at the University of Maribor . Between 1999 and 2000 , he was visiting professor at Yale University . He has written on numerous subject , including history and theory of historiography , history of European Jews , especially their relation to Slavic peoples , and social history of World War I . Since 2003 , he is also head of the graduate program of cultural studies at the University of Nova Gorica . In 2011 , Luthar was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art . He is married to cultural critic and sociologist Breda Luthar .
Boeing B - 52 Stratofortress The Boeing B - 52 Stratofortress is a long - range , subsonic , strategic bomber that has been used by the United States Air Force since 1955 . The B - 52 was designed to carry nuclear weapon s during the Cold War and to replace the Convair B - 36 . It is capable of carrying up to 70 , 000 pounds of weapons , though they have never dropped nuclear weapons in combat . When it entered service the B - 52 was initially assigned to the Strategic Air Command until its disestablishment in 1992 when they were moved to the Air Combat Command . History . The first B - 52 bomber left the factory on July 14 , 1954 , first flew on January 25 , 1955 . The aircraft type entered service in 1956 integrated into the Strategic Air Command . It was long range aircraft and capable of carrying nuclear weapons , which gave the U . S . capability to attack the Soviet Union , at that time had no effective means to attack vioar capable bombers at high altitude . The first operational version was the B - 52 B - 52B , of which 23 copies were produced over 27 standard capacity for high altitude aerial reconnaissance . In 1958 the B - 52 received first missiles ' Hound Dog ' , which allowed further increase the efficiency of the aircraft to allow the B - 52 attack points in the Soviet Union approaching the target and attacking it at distances up to 1125 km . The appearance of the B - 52 led the Soviet Union to develop anti - aircraft missiles to high altitude , as well as focusing on the development of fighter interceptors . The appearance of these weapons led to a radical change in the use of B - 52 that instead of bombing targets from high altitudes has to have to attack them using techniques that included the flight at very low altitude . This led to the emergence of structural problems , as the low altitude stress of the materials was much higher and the wear of the joints and areas subject to high mechanical stress was much faster . The low altitude , the B - 52 consumed much more fuel , which reduced its operating range .