naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
West Russian Volunteer Army The West Russian Volunteer Army or Bermontians was an army in the Baltic provinces of the former Russian Empire during the Russian Civil War of 1918 – 1920 . The Western Russian Volunteer Army , unlike the pro - Entente Volunteer Army was supported and in fact created by Germany . The Compiègne Armistice , article 12 , stipulated that German troops were to remain in the Baltic provinces to help fight Bolshevik advances and were to withdraw once the Allies determined the situation is under control . The order to withdraw was given after the Treaty of Versailles was signed in June 1919 . However , only a small portion of the Freikorps in the Baltic retired ; the rest stayed under the leadership of General Rüdiger von der Goltz . To avoid casting blame on Germany and infuriating the Allies , he withdrew into the background and merged his troops with the " Special Russian Corps " , led by Cossack General Pavel Bermont - Avalov . The two generals recruited about 50 , 000 men : mostly Freikorps , Baltic Germans , as well as some Russia n POW s captured by Germany in World War I and then released on the promise that they would help fight against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War . The Army declared that it joined the forces of Aleksandr Kolchak and marched to attack Bolsheviks , but their real goal was to sustain German power in the Baltic region . In October 1919 the West Russian Volunteer Army attacked the newly independent states of Lithuania and Latvia , to which Germany had granted independence . It briefly occupied the west bank of the Daugava river in Riga and the government of Kārlis Ulmanis had to request military assistance from Lithuania and Estonia . The Estonians sent two armoured train s to aid the Latvians ( according to some explanations , in exchange for Latvia ceding the island of Ruhnu and its territorial waters to Estonia ) while the Lithuanians were engaged in battles with the Bolsheviks and could only issue diplomatic protests . The Latvians also received assistance from the guns of a British Royal Navy battleship in Riga harbour . In November the Latvian army managed to drive the Bermont - Avalov forces into Lithuanian territory . Finally , the West Russian Volunteer Army suffered heavy defeats by the Lithuanians near Radviliškis , a major railway centre . After the involvement of the Entente military mission , the remaining elements of the West Russian Volunteer Army withdrew from the Baltics into Germany .
USS Wyoming ( SSBN - 742 ) USS " Wyoming " ( SSBN - 742 ) is a United States Navy ballistic missile submarine which has been in commission since 1996 . She is the fourth U . S . Navy ship to be named USS " Wyoming " , although it was only the third named after the state of Wyoming . Construction and commissioning . The contract to build " Wyoming " was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of the General Dynamics Corporation in Groton , Connecticut , on 18 October 1989 and her keel was laid down there on 8 August 1991 . She was launched on 15 July 1995 , sponsored by Mrs . Monika B . Owens , and commissioned on 13 July 1996 , with Captain Randall D . Preston in command of the Blue Crew and Commander Seth F . Paradise in command of the Gold Crew . Service history . On 26 July 1996 , " Wyoming " arrived at Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base , Georgia , becoming the ninth submarine to be home - ported there . In 2011 , the Wyoming became one of the first four submarines to allow female officers . On 6 June 2012 , " Wyoming " participated in a historic medevac exercise with a Bell Boeing V - 22 Osprey making a 12 , 000 nautical mile flight to collect a stretcher from the submarine . External links . Eight hours of interviews and footage captured by C - SPAN cameras during 24 hours spent on " Wyoming " :
Maat ( military ) Maat is a naval rank of the German navy equivalent to the army rank of Unteroffizier . A Maat is considered the equivalent of a junior Petty Officer in the navies of many other nations . The term is derived from the low German " māt " ( comrade ) . Via the Dutch language , the word became a nautic term and described the assistant to a deck officer . Since the second half of the 17th century " Maate " were the lowest class of non - commissioned officer s aboard a warship . In the Prussian Navy and the Kaiserliche Marine " Maate " were " Unteroffiziere ohne Portepee " . According to their specialization , " Maate " would be known as e . g . " Steuermannsmaat " ( Coxswain ' s Mate ) , " Feuerwerksmaat " ( Ordnance Mate ) , " Bootsmannsmaat " ( Boatswain ' s Mate ) or " Maschinistenmaat " ( Machinist ' s Mate ) . " Maate " were recruited among conscripts who volunteered to serve for a minimum of six years . After approximately four years they could expect to become " Maat " . Re - enlistment was common but in most specialisms the career options would end with achieving the rank of " Obermaat " ; only after 18 years in service a promotion as supernumary " Vizefeldwebel " was possible , if there was a billet open . The 1914 / 15 naval budget included 7857 billets for " Maate " and 5237 for " Obermaate " .
12th Pennsylvania Regiment The 12th Pennsylvania Regiment also known as Northampton and Northumberland Defense Battalion was an American infantry unit that fought during the American Revolutionary War as part of the Continental Army . The regiment was raised 23 August 1776 at Sunbury , Pennsylvania as a state militia regiment and later renamed the 12th Pennsylvania . In January 1777 the 12th was commanded by Colonel William Cooke at Princeton . Assigned to Thomas Conway ' s 3rd Pennsylvania Brigade , the regiment would see action at Brandywine , Germantown , and Monmouth . The regiment was merged into the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment shortly after Monmouth and went out of existence . United States Army Center of Military History
Thomas Bérard Thomas Bérard ( also Béraud or Bérault ) was the 20th Grand Master of the Knights Templar , from 1256 to 1273 . He wrote several letters to the King Henry III of England describing miserable situation in the Holy Land . He initiated cooperation with other two military orders since there had been much rivalry among them before . This was agreed upon by their Grand Masters : Hugo de Revel of Hospitaliers and Anno von Sangershausen of Teutonic Knights . In 1266 the large Templar fortress Safed was besieged by Egyptian Mameluk s under Baibars , the new Sultan of Cairo , after a failed attempt to conquer Pilgrim ' s Castle . It appears that the fortress garrison were betrayed by a hired Syrian soldier . All Templars ( and Hospitallers ) were beheaded after they refused to convert to Islam . Other fortresses fell next , among them Beaufort , only recently acquired by the Templars . Also , the city of Antioch fell to Baibars and was never again held by Christian forces . The fall of Antioch left Templar fortresses in the Amanus Mountains easily accessible to attackers . Gaston , an immensely strong fortification on the road to Syria , was defended only by a small Templar garrison . Nevertheless they decided to hold the fortress , but were betrayed by one of the brothers . Meanwhile the Grand Master Thomas Bérard sent a messenger carrying an order to retreat to La Roche Guillaume . In February 1271 , he ordered the surrender of Chastel Blanc with permission to retreat to Tortosa . In June , Montfort , the last inland fortification of Christians in the Holy Land , was yielded . Bérard sent messages to the Pope asking for help , and the Pope responded by calling for an Eighth Crusade , which never arrived . After the loss of Crac des Chevaliers by the Hospitallers in 1271 a ten - year truce was agreed between the Christians and the Muslims . He died on 25 March 1273 , according to " The Chronicle of the Templar of Tyre " .
Lawrence Russell Dewey Lawrence Russell Dewey was a Major General in the United States Army . Biography . Dewey was born on May 19 , 1901 in Des Moines , Iowa . He married Florence Powers and had four children . Lawrence Russell Dewey , Jr . ; Florence " Cici " Powers Dewey ( Mrs . Francis J . Hughes ) ; Donald Herbert Dewey ; Elizabeth Hazard Dewey ( Mrs . Christopher L . Vance ) Their son , Lawrence , Jr . , also became an officer in the military . Dewey died on December 18 , 1994 in Washington , D . C . and is buried with Florence at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Dewey graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1924 . From 1933 to 1939 he served as Aide - de - Camp to Brigadier General Evan Harris Humphrey . In 1939 he was assigned as a troop commander in the 3rd Cavalry Regiment . During World War II he served in various positions with the 1st Armored Division , including Chief of Staff . Following the war he was named Assistant Divisional Commander until 1951 . From there he became Chief of Staff of the IX Corps during the Korean War . He served in various roles until his retirement in 1961 . After his retirement from the Army he would become a member of the National Board of Estimates of the Central Intelligence Agency . Awards he received during his career include the Silver Star , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star Medal , and the Purple Heart .
Charles Edwin Stone Charles Edwin Stone ( 4 February 1889 – 29 August 1952 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Charles was born in the town of Ripley in Derbyshire . When he was 29 years old , and a gunner in the ' C ' Battery 83rd Brigade , Royal Field Artillery , British Army during the First World War , the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 21 March 1918 at Caponne Farm , France , after working at his gun for six hours under heavy gas and shell fire , Gunner Stone was sent back to the rear with an order . He delivered it and then , under a very heavy barrage , returned with a rifle to assist in holding up the enemy on a sunken road . First lying in the open under very heavy machine - gun fire and then on the right flank of the two rear guns he held the enemy at bay . Later he was one of the party which captured a machine - gun and four prisoners . He later achieved the rank of Bombardier . His brother Ernest was killed in 1917 . He is buried in Belper in Derbyshire His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Artillery Museum , Woolwich , England .
Władysław Grydziuszko Sergeant Władysław Grydziuszko ( 1910 – 1946 ) was a soldier in the Polish Army during World War II . He was born on September 6 , 1910 in the small rural village of Mikulicze , Poland . Prior to military service , Władysław worked as a master tailor until he was enlisted with the Polish Forces in 1939 . On August 28 , 1939 he was called from reserve and together with the Polish Police unit participated in the 1939 Invasion of Poland campaign . Grydziuszko was taken prisoner of war by the former Soviet Red Army and was held in the USSR . Following his ordeal on the basis of the Sikorski - Maisky agreement of July 30 , 1941 , Władysław Grydziuszko was released for the purpose of joining the Polish Armed Forces in USSR . From 1942 to 1944 Władysław received military training by the British Army in the Middle East . Then in 1944 to 1946 he embarked on the Italian campaign . Battle at Monte Cassino . Grydziuszko was primarily posted to the Fifth Field Artillery Regiment , and was later transferred to the Seventh on January 1 , 1942 . At Monte Cassino , the Polish Army was advancing against the Hitler Line , and on May 23 the Poles finally managed to break through attacking the village of Piedimonte . Władysław , along with many other soldiers in the 2nd Polish Corps used stables and other local buildings to camouflage tanks and attack the advancing enemy from behind . In the following day the 5th Canadian ( Armoured ) Division breached the lines and on May , 25 the Poles cleared way for an advance onward to Rome . Władysław Grydziuszko , one of the tank commanders , was awarded the Cross of Valor ( Krzyz Walecznych ) for showing tremendous courage on the battlefield . During the battle , Grydziuszko was lightly wounded on October 17 , 1944 and suffered minor spinal cord injuries from Nazi artillery fire . However , he quickly recovered and returned to the forces to serve for another two years . Death and Aftermath . Following the end of World War II , Władysław Grydziuszko was killed in an accident near Treia , Macerata in Italy on January 29 , 1946 . During a routine 2nd Armoured Brigade ( Poland ) training period , Władysław was killed when he fell underneath one of his tanks breaking his spine at the neck . The military considered his death " Killed in Action " ( KIA ) because he was on duty . His death was instantaneous , and soon afterward there was a memorial service held in his honor . Some 400 soldiers attended his funeral . He was buried in the Polish cemetery in Loreto , Italy on January 30 , 1946 . The two witnesses of his death was a future Polish Politician named Zygmunt Ostrowski and Michał Matusiewicz .
Menzel Temime Airfield Menzel Temime Airfield is an abandoned military airfield in Tunisia , which was located near the city of Menzel Temine , 25 km north - northeast of Korba and 31 km east of Tāklisah . The airfield was built as a temporary wartime field by Army Engineers , using Pierced Steel Planking ( PSP ) for runways and parking and dispersal areas , and support structures being quickly constructed out of wood or tents . During World War II it was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the North African Campaign . B - 25 Mitchells flown from the airfield later took part in the Sicilian and Italian Campaigns , flying combat missions until enemy targets became out of range . Known units which used the airfield were : The airfield was closed by the Americans in December 1943 , and dismantled by Army engineers . Today , its precise location is undetermined . The land around Menzel Temine is heavily used in agriculture , leaving is little or no evidence remaining of the airfield ' s existence after 60 years .
Shtora Shtora ( , " curtain " ) is an electro - optical active protection system or suite for tanks , designed to disrupt the laser target designation and rangefinder s of incoming anti - tank guided missile s ( ATGMs ) . The system is mounted on the Russian T - 80 and T - 90 series tank s , the Ukrainian T - 84 and the Serbian M - 84AS . Shtora - 1 is an electro - optical jammer that disrupts semiautomatic command to line of sight ( SACLOS ) antitank guided missiles , laser rangefinders and target designator s . Shtora - 1 is a soft - kill , or passive - countermeasure system . The system was shown fitted to a Russian main battle tank during the International Defense Exposition , held in Abu Dhabi in 1995 . The first known application of the system is the Russian T - 90 main battle tank , which entered service in the Russian Army in 1993 . It is also available on the BMP - 3M infantry fighting vehicle . Specifications . According to Steven Zaloga and " Tankomaster " : Components . The Shtora - 1 has four key components : Two electro - optical / infrared ( IR ) " dazzlers " interface station one each mounted to the left and right of the main gun , which includes an infrared jammer , modulator , and control panel . Shtora - 1 has a field of view of 360 degrees horizontally and – 5 to + 25 degrees in elevation . It contains twelve aerosol screen launchers and weighs 400 kg . The screening aerosol takes less than three seconds to form and lasts about twenty seconds . The screen - laying range is from 50 to 70 meters . According to Defense Update , the Shtora system can also locate the area within 3 . 5 – 5 degrees where the laser originated from and automatically slew the main gun to it , so that the tank crew can return fire and so that the stronger frontal turret armour is facing it . Operating modes . Shtora - 1 can operate in fully automatic or semi - automatic modes , continuously for six hours against anti - tank guided missile ( ATGM ) attack .
Greek destroyer Kanaris ( L53 ) Kanaris ( ) was a " Hunt III " class destroyer that was originally built for the British Royal Navy as HMS " Hatherleigh " ( L53 ) but never commissioned . Before her completion , she was transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy and commissioned on 27 July 1942 as " Kanaris " ( L67 ) in order to relieve heavy losses of ships sustained by the Royal Hellenic Navy during the German invasion of 1941 . " Kanaris " served throughout the Second World War and during the Greek Civil War . She was returned to the Royal Navy in 1959 and broken up for scrap in 1960 .
Commander - in - Chief Fleet The Commander - in - Chief Fleet ( CINCFLEET ) was the admiral responsible for the operation , resourcing and training of the ships , submarines and aircraft , and personnel , of the British Royal Navy until April 2012 . CINC was subordinate to the First Sea Lord , the professional head of the Naval Service . In April 2012 the role was re - designated Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff . History of the role . Historically , the Royal Navy was usually split into a large number of commands , each with a Commander - in - Chief ( e . g . Commander - in - Chief Plymouth , Commander - in - Chief Mediterranean Fleet , etc . ) . In 1971 , with the withdrawal of British forces from East of Suez , the Far East and Western fleets of the Royal Navy were unified under a single Commander - in - Chief Fleet , initially based at HMS " Warrior " , a land base at Northwood in Middlesex and , from 2004 , based at HMS " Excellent " at Portsmouth . Thereafter there were just two Commanders - in - Chief , the various fleet commands being unified under Commander - in - Chief Fleet and the various home commands being unified under Commander - in - Chief Naval Home Command ( " CINCNAVHOME " ) . In April 2012 the role was re - designated Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff . Responsibilities . Full command of the Fleet and responsibility for the Fleet element of military operational capability including the Royal Marines and the Royal Fleet Auxiliary , was delegated to Commander - in - Chief Fleet , with his Command Headquarters in the Navy Command Headquarters Building at HMS " Excellent " in Portsmouth and his Operational Headquarters at Northwood , in the London Borough of Hillingdon , co - located with the Permanent Joint Headquarters and a NATO Regional Command , Allied Maritime Component Command Northwood ( ' AMCCN ' ) ; CINCFLEET was dual - hatted as Commander AMCCN . CINCFLEET was supported by : Collectively , COMUKMARFOR , COMUKAMPHIBFOR , Commander UK Task Group ( COMUKTG ) and 3 Commando Brigade , Royal Marines comprised the " Fleet Battle Staff " . NATO commitment . The post also came with various NATO appointments including : The NATO Handbook , accessible in 1993 , described the Channel Command in the following words : CINCHAN ' s subordinate commanders included Commander Allied Maritime Air Force , Channel ; Commander Nore Sub - Area Channel ; Commander Plymouth Sub - Area , Channel ; and Commander Benelux Sub - Area , Channel . CINCHAN also has under his command the NATO Standing Naval Force Channel ( STANAVFOR - CHAN ) , a permanent force mainly comprising mine countermeasure vessels . A Channel Committee consisting of the naval Chiefs - of - Staff of Belgium , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom served as an advisory and consultative body to the Commander - in - Chief , Channel . List of Commanders - in - Chief Fleet . Commanders - in - Chief have included : List of Deputy Commanders . Deputy Commanders have included :
149th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 149th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 149th New York Infantry was organized at Syracuse , N . Y . , and mustered in September 18 , 1862 . Campaigns . The regiment , under the command of Henry A . Barnum , left Syracuse on September 23 , 1862 , and within a short time joined General McClellan ' s army . It was assigned to the Third Brigade , Geary ' s Division , Twelfth Corps , in which command it fought at Chancellorsville , losing there 15 killed , 68 wounded , and 103 captured or missing . At Gettysburg the regiment participated in the famous defense of Culp ' s Hill , made by Greene ' s Brigade , in which the One Hundred and Forty - ninth , fighting behind breastworks , lost 6 killed , 46 wounded , and 3 missing , but inflicted many times that loss on its assailants . With the Twelfth Corps , it was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland , and the Onondaga boys fought as bravely in Tennessee as in Virginia or at Gettysburg . At Lookout Mountain , Tenn . , they captured five flags while fighting under Hooker in that memorable affair , their casualties amounting to 10 killed and 64 wounded . Before starting on the Atlanta campaign the Twelfth Corps was designated the Twentieth , its command being given to General Hooker . The regiment started on that campaign with 380 fighting men , of whom 136 were killed or wounded before reaching Atlanta . Lieutenant - Colonel Charles B . Randall , a gallant and skilful officer , was killed at Peach Tree Creek , in which action the regiment sustained its heaviest loss while on that campaign , its casualties there aggregating 17 killed , 25 wounded , and 10 missing . The regiment after marching with Sherman to the Sea was actively engaged in the Siege of Savannah , and then marched through the Carolinas on the final campaign which ended in the surrender of Johnston . The regiment mustered out on June 12 , 1865 after participating in the Grand Review of the Armies . Legacy . 6 Congressional Medals of Honor were awarded to members of the 149th , including one to Colonel Barnum . Total strength and casualties . The regiment lost 4 officers and 129 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 78 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 211 fatalities .
456th Bombardment Squadron The 456th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 323d Bombardment Group , stationed at Tinker Air Force Base , Oklahoma . It was inactivated on 17 March 1951 . History . Activated as a B - 26 Marauder medium bomber squadron ; trained under Third Air Force in the southeastern United States . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) ; assigned to VIII Bomber Command , 3d Bombardment Division in England . Engaged in combat operations over France and the Low Countries , attacking enemy military targets ; formations ; airfields ; railroads ; bridges and other raids to disrupt enemy defends . Coordinated raids with VIII Bomber Command heavy strategic bombardment of military and industrial targeted in Nazi Germany and in Occupied Europe by striking Luftwaffe day interceptor airfields to cause maximum disruption of air defenses when heavy bomber groups returning from bombardment raids . Destroyed many enemy aircraft on the ground ; destroyed support buildings ; barracks and enemy aircraft on the ground . After D - Day invasion of Europe , engaged in tactical air support of Allied ground forces , carrying out bombardment attacks against enemy strong points , structures and targets of opportunity when making sweeps of enemy rear areas . Moved from England to Advanced Landing Ground s in France and further eastward as ground forces advanced across continent ; engaging enemy targets during the Western Allied invasion of Germany in early 1945 . Continued combat operations until German capitulation in May 1945 . Became part of the United States Air Forces in Europe forces in Occupied Germany ; summer 1945 . Demobilized in Germany in November and squadron inactivated as a paper unit in the United States . Reactivated as a B - 26 Invader reserve light bomber squadron in 1947 . Trained in the reserves ; activated in 1951 due to the Korean War . Personnel and aircraft reassigned to units of Far East Air Force in South Korea ; squadron inactivated as a paper unit in the United States shorty afterward .