naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Hanoi On December 19 , 1946 Vietnamese Viet Minh soldiers detonated explosives in Hanoi , and the ensuing battle , known as the Battle of Hanoi marked the opening salvo of the First Indochina War . The explosives , set off at 20 : 03 in the evening , had been smuggled past French Army guards into the city ' s power plant . The result explosion plunged Hanoi into darkness , and throughout the city the Viet - Minh began attacking French military positions and French homes . Surviving French troops , alerted by friendly spies , gradually gained a numerical superiority . French artillery shelled the city , and house to house searches were conducted searching for the Viet - Minh leadership . Ho Chi Minh was at the time ill with fever , and Vo Nguyen Giap ordered " all soldiers . . . to stand together , go into battle , destroy the invaders , and save the nation . " Eventual French superiority in firepower forced the Viet - Minh to withdraw to mountains 80 miles to the north of the Hanoi . However , it took the French 60 days to gain complete control of the city , which had bought enough time for their enemy to evacuate all of its central offices , as well as most of its main forces . After expunging the Viet - Minh from the city , the French demanded the military surrender of their opponents , but the latter refused . The United States , alarmed at the incident , despatched Abbott Low Moffat on a special mission to Saigon and Hanoi to consider a negotiated referendum . However , the realisation that the Viet - Minh would not accept compromise led to the US abandoning the idea . References . Printed
Emil Beier SS Sturmbannführer ( Storm Unit Leader / Major ) Emil Beier ( born Setzdorf November 29 , 1893 : died Fulda May 12 , 1985 ) was a German Nazi politician and Mayor of Ostrava , between 1940 and 1945 in Czechoslovakia during the Second World War occupation ( 1938 – 1945 ) . He was put into the place of , who was deposed for being " too soft " on Czech officials . As the mayor , he initiated the annexation of 12 municipalities ( Heřmanice , Hrabová , Hrušov , Kunčice , Kunčičky , Michálkovice , Muglinov , Nová Bělá , Radvanice , Slezská Ostrava , Stará Bělá , and Výškovice ) into Ostrava . He also established the mining museum and expanded road communications . He wrote a book about Ostrava , " Mährish Ostrau " , published by the SS in 1942 in Prague . After the liberation , he was briefly replaced by .
Asclepiodotus ( consul 423 ) Flavius Asclepiodotus or Asclepiades ( " fl " . 423 - 425 ) was a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire Biography . Asclepiodotus was the brother of the sophist Leontius , and thus the uncle of Athenais , who in 421 married the Emperor Theodosius II taking the name of Aelia Eudocia . Eudocia favoured her family , exercising her influence over her husband to make Asclepiodotus ' career advance . In 422 , Asclepiodotus was " comes sacrarum largitionum " , while between 14 February 423 ( year in which Eudocia was appointed " Augusta " ) to 1 February 425 he was Praetorian prefect of the East , and Consul in 423 . He was deposed because he was denounced to Theodosius by Simeon Stylites to encourage pagans and Jews and to fight Christians , a charge no doubt reinforced by the fact that his family was pagan , although Athenais had to convert to Christianity before marriage .
Robert P . Coogan Robert Paul Coogan ( born April 1 , 1922 ) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy who served as commander of the U . S . Navy ' s Third Fleet in 1975 . Coogan was also Commandant of Midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy from 1969 until 1971 . He was born in Newport , Rhode Island . He now resides in San Diego , California .
Søren Kam SS - Obersturmführer Søren Kam ( born 2 November 1921 ) is a former Danish Waffen - SS officer , an SS - foreign volunteer , who served with the 5 . SS - Panzergrenadier - Division " Wiking " during World War II rising to the rank of Obersturmfuhrer ( First Lieutenant ) . Born in Copenhagen , he was a member of the DNSAP , the Danish Nazi Party . Also during World War II , he was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . He obtained West German citizenship in 1956 . He is on the Simon Wiesenthal Center ' s list of most wanted Nazi war criminals . Alleged war crimes . On 21 September 2006 the 85 - year - old ex - member of the SS was detained in Kempten , Bavaria in accordance with a European arrest warrant issued by Denmark . Kam is wanted in his native country in connection with the murder of newspaper editor Carl Henrik Clemmensen in Lyngby , a suburb of Copenhagen during World War II . In 1946 , a Danish court sentenced one of Kam ' s associates , Flemming Helweg - Larsen , to death in the same case and citing the same evidence material . Helweg - Larsen was executed the same year . According to the evidence presented in the 1946 trial , Clemmensen had been killed by eight bullets fired from three different revolvers . Danish police were unable to apprehend Jørgen Valdemar Bitsch , identified in the 1946 trial as the third person involved in the shooting , and his whereabouts remain unknown . In 1999 , Danish Minister of Justice Frank Jensen requested an extradition of Kam . This was refused by Germany . This request was later repeated by Jensen ' s successor Lene Espersen . In 2004 , one of Clemmensen ' s grandchildren , Danish actor Søren Fauli , interviewed Kam in a documentary about the killing , titled " Min morfars morder " ( " My grandfather ' s murderer " ) . In this programme , Fauli forgives Kam , but asks him to admit his guilt . The documentary was aired on Danish television in 2004 and 2005 . On 4 February 2007 , Germany denied his extradition to Denmark , after a German court claimed that the killing of Clemmensen was not murder but manslaughter — thus falling under the statute of limitations which had expired . Kam has stated that he admits having taken part in the abduction and killing of Clemmensen , but that he considers the case to be under the statute of limitations and the killing an accident . In February 2008 , BBC World Service presented a radio program titled The Danish Nazi which listed Kam as " the eighth most wanted Nazi War Criminal . " The reporter was able to contact Kam , giving the only recorded interview with him , including a statement by Kam in which he says in English , " I am a good man , I never did anything wrong . " According to the Daily Telegraph , while in Germany , Kam " has regularly attended veterans ' rallies of SS men . He has also been closely associated with Heinrich Himmler ' s daughter Gudrun Burwitz and her network Stille Hilfe ( Silent Aid ) , set up to support arrested , condemned or fugitive former SS men . "
Royal Reynolds , Jr . Royal Reynolds , Jr . ( October 17 , 1910 - November 24 , 2003 ) was an decorated American Brigadier General , who served with an American - Filipino guerrilla force on the Japan ese - occupied Philippines during World War II . His last assignment was the Assistant Commander of the Infantry School at Fort Benning , Georgia . Biography . Royal Reynolds , Jr . was born on October 17 , 1910 in California as a son of future Brigadier general Royal Reynolds and his wife Romietta Redman Reynolds . His uncle was Major General Charles R . Reynolds , who served as Surgeon general of the U . S . Army between years 1935 - 1939 . Royal Jr . attended the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York and graduated in 1933 . He was then commissioned a Second lieutenant and assigned to the Infantry . During the World War II , Reynolds was assigned to the 57th Infantry Regiment stationed at Philippines , where he was appointed a Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion . After the defeat by Japanese during the Battle of Philippines in May 1942 , Reynolds refused to surrender and spent the remainder of the war as a guerrilla . For his service during the War , Reynolds received the Bronze Star Medal and Combat Infantryman Badge . After the War , Reynolds remained on active duty in the Army and subsequently served with the 7th Infantry Division ( United States ) | 7th Infantry Division in the Korean War . He commanded the regiment during this conflict and was decorated with another Bronze Star Medal with " V " Device , Legion of Merit and also Silver Star for gallantry in action . He also attended the Command and general staff College at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas and Army War College . In his late military career , Reynolds was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and served as Assistant Commander of the Infantry School at Fort Benning , Georgia . He received another Legion of Merit for his service in this capacity and finally retired from the military service in 1963 . Brigadier General Royal Reynolds , Jr . died on November 24 , 2003 at the age of 93 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery , Virginia . Decorations . Here is the ribbon bar of Brigadier general Reynolds , Jr . :
Airfield Defence Wing RAAF The Airfield Defence Wing of the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) was formed to provide command and control of the RAAFs Airfield Defence Squadrons ( AFDSs ) . Between the end of World War II and 1983 , the RAAF did not possess a formed unit of ground defence specialists . No . 2 Airfield Defence Squadron ( 2AFDS ) was reformed as the sole AFDS in 1983 ; however , following the introduction of the Ready Reserve scheme in 1992 , No . 1 Airfield Defence Squadron ( 1AFDS ) was reformed at RAAF Base Tindal , Northern Territory . The establishment of two squadrons led to the requirement for a parent headquarters to provide appropriate command and control , with AFDW being formed in 1994 . No . 3 Airfield Defence Squadron was raised in 1996 as a further subordinate unit of AFDW . The wing was disbanded in 2006 and its function absorbed by No . 395 Expeditionary Combat Support Wing . 3AFDS was disbanded as part of the same process .
HMS Alacrity ( 1872 ) HMS " Alacrity " was a schooner of the Royal Navy , built by John Cuthbert , Millers Point , New South Wales as the yacht " Ethel " and purchased by the Royal Navy in 1872 . She commenced service on the Australia Station at Sydney in 1873 as a tender for , later used for anti - blackbirding operations in the South Pacific and also for hydrographic surveys . She was paid off in 1882 and sold to the Colony of New South Wales and converted in a powder hulk guardship . " Alacrity " was in use as an accommodation hulk at Bantry Bay during the Second World War .
Male tank The " Male " tank was a category of tank prevalent in World War I . As opposed to the five machine guns of the female version of the Mark I tank , the male version of the Mark I had a QF 6 pounder 6 cwt Hotchkiss and three machine gun s . By the end of World War I , tank technology was advanced enough for tanks to be both male and female .
Antonio Caraffa Antonio von Caraffa ( 1646 - March 6 , 1693 ) was a General Commissary ( Generalkriegskommissär ) of the Imperial - Habsburg Army — the highest rank in the Austrian military hierarchy at the time . He also held various other high - ranking offices , including military governor of Upper Hungary and later royal commissioner of Transylvania . Biography . He was born in the Neapolitan House of Carafa . He was introduced at the Kaiserhof in Vienna in 1655 by his cousin Cardinal Carlo Carafa della Spina . Later he entered the Imperial Army , and became a Colonel in 1672 , when he participated in the War against the Turks in Hungary . During the Siege of Vienna ( 1683 ) , he was sent by Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor to Warsaw , to urge Polish King John III Sobieski to come to the help of the city . In 1685 , he took Prešov from the Turks . After the conquest of Upper Hungary , he was appointed its military governor . He set up the Executive Court of Prešov , by which he ruthlessly persecuted followers of Imre Thököly ; the Court , whose proceedings remained secret , made widespread use of torture and executed seventeen supposed conspirators . For this event , Caraffa developed a reputation for cruelty among Hungarians . The Hungarian nobility complained to the Emperor and Caraffa was given another position as General Commissary of the army . He remained in Imperial service and conquered Palanok Castle in Munkács , defended by Ilona Zrínyi after a siege of three years . In this way , he was appointed royal commissioner of Transylvania , and managed to persuade Michael Teleky and an important part of the nobility to switch to the Austrian side . He also conquered Lipova and Lugoj . His administration of Transylvania was also remembered as heavy - handed , for he extracted more taxes than the Ottomans had collected tribute . He played a very important role in the conquest of Belgrade in 1688 , and was for this rewarded with the Order of the Golden Fleece and lands in Voćin , Slavonia . In 1691 , he commanded the Austrian troops in the Nine Years ' War in Italy . His deeds were chronicled by Giambattista Vico in " De rebus gestis Antonj Caraphaei " , first published in 1716 at the commission of Adriano Antonio Carafa ( 1696 - 1765 ) .
135th ( Middlesex ) Battalion , CEF The 135th ( Middlesex ) Battalion , CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War . Based in London , Ontario , the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Middlesex County . After sailing to England in August 1916 , the battalion was absorbed into the 116th , 125th and 134th Battalions as well as the 8th Reserve Battalion in October 1916 . The 135th ( Middlesex ) Battalion , CEF had one Officer Commanding : Lieut - Col . B . Robson . References . Meek , John F . " Over the Top ! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War . " Orangeville , Ont . : The Author , 1971 .
Elginhaugh Elginhaugh Roman Fort was a Roman fort of the 1st century AD , located in Midlothian , Scotland . Elginhaugh is the most completely excavated timber - built auxiliary fort in the Roman Empire . The site of the Flavian ( 1st century ) fort lies 1 km to the west of the modern town of Dalkeith , south - east of Edinburgh . The fort , discovered in 1979 by aerial reconnaissance , takes its name from the nearby hamlet of Elginhaugh . It was fully excavated , along with much of its large annexe , during 1986 - 87 by Dr William Hanson , now Professor of Roman Archaeology at the University of Glasgow in Scotland . The excavation confirmed the broad consistency of auxiliary fort plans ( in terms of general layout and the identification of specific building types ) , but highlighted their individual uniqueness in relation to plan detail . Of particular importance , in relation to the traditional interpretation of fort plans , is the recognition that it was the norm to house horses and men together in stable - barracks , whose number and disposition indicate that the fort cannot have housed any single standard unit , and was probably occupied by a vexillation of cavalry . Extensive examination of the annexe highlights the ancillary , probably military , character of the activities taking place there and emphasises , in contrast with the fort , substantive changes in use over a relatively short time - span . The fort ’ s occupation is closely dated to c . AD 79 - 87 by associated coin evidence , including a foundation hoard from the " principia " . Thus , the site provides a very precise dating horizon for a wide range of associated artefactual material . Of particular importance is the evidence of the local manufacture of coarse pottery and indication that the garrison used hand - held artillery pieces . An extensive programme of environmental analysis provided insight into issues of local environment and food supply . The primary role of the fort was probably to guard the nearby ford where Dere Street , a vitally important north - south Roman route , crossed the river North Esk , a tributary of the River Esk , Lothian . Thus it served as a garrison post ( " castellum " ) as part of the more permanent consolidation of Roman control in Scotland during and immediately after the campaigns of Gnaeus Julius Agricola . There is also unique evidence that the site continued to function as a collection centre for animals after the garrison had departed : the interior of the fort was cobbled over , two additional wells were dug and ditches inserted across the annexe to funnel livestock .
399th Bombardment Group The 399th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the Fourth Air Force , being stationed at March Field , California . It was inactivated on 31 March 1944 . Activated during World War II initially as a Second Air Force B - 24 Liberator operational training unit ( OTU ) . Reassigned to Fourth Air Force in late 1943 as a replacement training unit ( RTU ) when Second Air Force switched to B - 29 Superfortress training .
Abole oil field raid The Abole oil field raid occurred in the early morning of April 24 , 2007 when gunmen of the Ogaden National Liberation Front ( ONLF ) attacked a Chinese oil company ' s premises in the town of Abole , northwest of Degehabur , in the Somali Region of Ethiopia . 74 people , including nine Chinese workers working for the Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau under the China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation ( Sinopec ) , were killed . The attack shocked the public and many became worried it might push away foreign investors from coming to the country . Most of the Ethiopians killed in the massacre were daily laborers , guards and other support staff . Some members of the Ethiopian security officials were also killed during the surprise attack . It was the largest single attack committed by ONLF . The Abole attack came just as Ethiopian forces in Mogadishu were involved in fierce fighting with Somali insurgents .
Admiralty M - class destroyer The M class , more properly known as the Admiralty M class , were a class of 85 destroyer s built for the Royal Navy that saw service during World War I . All ships were built to an identical - Admiralty - design , hence the class name ( 25 other vessels of the ' M ' class were built to variant designs by three specialist builders Thornycroft , Yarrow , and Hawthorn Leslie ) . The Admiralty design was based on the preceding L class and all ships had three identical narrow , circular funnels . Ships of the pre - war ( 1913 - 14 ) Programme . Six vessels were built under the 1913 - 14 Naval Programme . These differed from the wartime vessels by being 1 , 010 tons full load , with slightly smaller dimensions . Besides the above six vessels , three destroyers already under construction were purchased from Yarrow , two from Thornycroft and two from Hawthorn Leslie to these builders ' individual designs , and these are listed in separate articles . Three further ships were projected under the 1914 - 15 Naval Programme - and named " Marksman " , " Menace " and " Monitor " ; however these three ships were cancelled before being contracted to any specific builder , in favour of two " Marksman " - class leaders . Ships of the Emergency War Construction Programme . All the following vessels were ordered in five batches as part of the War Emergency Programme . Wartime builds omitted the cruising turbines originally specified and carried by the pre - war sub - group . The funnel heights were also raised compared with the pre - war vessels , and the second 4 in gun was mounted on a bandstand , as with the earlier L - class destroyers . " Partridge " , " Norman " , " Maenad " , " Ophelia " and " Observer " were later fitted to carry a kite balloon . Sixteen vessels were ordered in September 1914 ( as well as four of the Yarrow M class ) , but part of their cost was met by the provision in the 1914 - 15 Programme for ten destroyers . Nine further vessels were ordered in early November 1914 ( as well as one further Yarrow M class ) . Twenty - two further vessels were ordered in late November 1914 . Sixteen further vessels were ordered in February 1915 ( as well as two more of the Thornycroft M class ) . The eight last - named below of these were of the Repeat M subgroup with raking stems compared with the straight stems of the previous sub - group , and the bows were moved flared to improve seakeeping qualities . Sixteen final vessels were ordered in May 1915 ( as well as two of the Thornycroft M class and two of the Yarrow M class ) . All to the Admiralty design were of the Repeat M subgroup with raking stems .
Clarence Sasser Clarence Eugene Sasser ( born September 12 , 1947 ) is a former United States Army soldier and a recipient of the U . S . military ' s highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Born in Chenango , Texas , Sasser was a combat medic in the United States Army during the Vietnam war . He received the medal from President Richard Nixon in 1969 for his actions on January 10 , 1968 , in Dinh Tuong Province , Republic of Vietnam . A member of Headquarters and Headquarters Company , 3rd Battalion , 60th Infantry Regiment , 9th Infantry Division , he was a private first class attached to the 3rd Battalion ' s Company A when he earned the medal and eventually was promoted to specialist five . Drafted into the Army after giving up his college deferment at the University of Houston , Sasser ' s Vietnam tour lasted just 51 days . When his military commitment was finished , he enrolled at Texas A & M University as a chemistry student . He then worked at an oil refinery for more than five years before being employed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs . A statue depicting Sasser in Vietnam was created in 2010 and will be placed in front of the Brazoria County Courthouse . Medal of Honor . Sasser ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Sp5c . Sasser distinguished himself while assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Company , 3d Battalion . He was serving as a medical aidman with Company A , 3d Battalion , on a reconnaissance in force operation . His company was making an air assault when suddenly it was taken under heavy small arms , recoilless rifle , machinegun and rocket fire from well fortified enemy positions on 3 sides of the landing zone . During the first few minutes , over 30 casualties were sustained . Without hesitation , Sp5c . Sasser ran across an open rice paddy through a hail of fire to assist the wounded . After helping 1 man to safety , was painfully wounded in the left shoulder by fragments of an exploding rocket . Refusing medical attention , he ran through a barrage of rocket and automatic weapons fire to aid casualties of the initial attack and , after giving them urgently needed treatment , continued to search for other wounded . Despite 2 additional wounds immobilizing his legs , he dragged himself through the mud toward another soldier 100 meters away . Although in agonizing pain and faint from loss of blood , Sp5c . Sasser reached the man , treated him , and proceeded on to encourage another group of soldiers to crawl 200 meters to relative safety . There he attended their wounds for 5 hours until they were evacuated . Sp5c . Sasser ' s extraordinary heroism is in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself , his unit , and the U . S . Army .