naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John Sheppard ( VC ) John Sheppard ( or Shepherd ) VC , CGM ( 22 September 1817 – 17 December 1884 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Sheppard was 37 years old , and a Boatswain ' s Mate in the Royal Navy , serving with the Naval Brigade during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 15 July 1855 at Sebastopol , Crimean Peninsula , Boatswain ' s Mate Sheppard went into the harbour at night , in a Punt ( boat ) which he had especially constructed for the purpose , with an explosive device with which he intended to blow up one of the Russian warships . He managed to get past the enemy ' s steamboats at the entrance of Careening Bay , but was prevented from getting further by a long string of boats carrying enemy troops . He made a second attempt on 16 August but although both these actions were unsuccessful , they were boldly conceived and carried out in the face of great danger . John Sheppard was only the fourth person to be awarded the Victoria Cross , and the first from Hull , East Riding of Yorkshire . He later achieved the rank of Boatswain First Class . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Maritime Museum , Greenwich , England .
SS Tobruk Tobruk was a 7 , 090 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1941 as Empire Builder by William Gray & Sons Ltd for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . On completion she was handed over to the Polish government - in - exile and renamed " Tobruk " . She was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . She was sold in 1951 to Polskie Linie Oceaniczne and served until 1967 . She was scrapped in 1968 . Description . " Empire Builder " was built by William Gray & Sons Ltd , West Hartlepool . She was yard number 1123 . " Empire Builder " was launched on 19 November 1941 and completed in January 1942 . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and bore by stroke . The engine was built by Central Marine Engine Works , West Hartlepool . It could propel her at " Empire Builder " was listed on Lloyds Register as having a GRT of 7 , 090 and a NRT of 5 , 050 . " Tobruk " was listed on Lloyds Register as having a GRT of 7 , 048 and a NRT of 4 , 977 . Her DWT was 10 , 500 . Career . " Empire Builder ' s " port of registry was West Hartlepool . On completion , she was handed over to the Polish Government and renamed " Tobruk " . Her port of registry was changed to Gdynia . " Tobruk " was owned by the Polish government and operated under the management of Gdynia - America Shipping Lines Ltd . Convoy PQ 13 departed Loch Ewe on 10 March 1942 and arrived at Murmansk , Soviet Union on 31 March having lost six ships to enemy action . A further two were sunk at Murmansk after the convoy ' s arrival . " Tobruk " was damaged by enemy bombing at Murmansk , repairs took about six months to complete . Crew members were joking later that the convoy departed on the 13th day of the month , the trip lasted 13 days , and Tobruk had the thirteenth position in the convoy . Convoy QP 14 departed Murmansk on 13 September 1942 and arrived at Loch Ewe on 26 September , having lost four ships to enemy action . " Tobruk " was carrying a cargo of Apatite . She departed Murmansk on 8 September bound for Archangelsk , from where she joined the convoy . Convoy SL 178 departed Freetown , Sierra Leone on 25 November 1944 and arrived at Liverpool on 15 December . " Tobruk " was on a voyage from Pepel to Barry , Glamorgan . She was carrying a cargo of iron ore and two passengers . On 9 December , a deceased seaman from " Tobruk " was buried at sea . Postwar , " Tobruk " continued in Polish Government service until 1951 when she was sold to Polskie Linie Oceaniczne . In 1950 during a storm in the Bay of Biscay in order to prevent the ship from crashing into the local reefs the crew improvised a sail , saving the ship ; this is the only known example of a modern bulk carrier using a sail . She served until 1967 , and was scrapped at Gdynia in June 1968 . In popular culture . The wartime history of the ship has been portrayed in a novel " S . S . Tobruk – w konwojach śmierci " ( SS Tobruk – in the convoys of death ) by Jana Kazimierza Sawickiego .
USS Bowditch ( AG - 30 ) USS " Bowditch " ( AG 30 ) was first launched in 1929 by Burmeister and Wain in Copenhagen , Denmark , as the passenger ship " Santa Inez " . She was later purchased by the United States Navy on 4 March 1940 and temporarily commissioned on 12 March 1940 . She was outfitted as a surveying vessel by the Norfolk Navy Yard and commissioned again on 1 July 1940 , with Commander E . E . Duval in command . Following the commissioning of the " USS Bowditch " the ship made numerous geodetic survey s in places such as Little Placentia Bay , Newfoundland , Bermuda , the Bahamas , Jamaica , Cuba , and Haiti . Departing Norfolk on 9 January 1942 , she steamed south to conduct surveys of the waters between Panama and Colombia , off the Galápagos Islands , and off the Cocos Islands in Costa Rica . Returning to Norfolk for repairs on 21 November 1942 , she departed for south again on 17 February 1943 . After survey work in the Caribbean through May , she transited the Panama Canal to work along the coasts of Panama , Colombia , and Ecuador . " Bowditch " was reclassified as " AGS - 4 " on 1 December 1943 . Assigned to Service Force , Pacific Fleet , she arrived at Pearl Harbor 6 January 1944 . " Bowditch " served as a survey ship during the invasion of Kwajalein and Majuro Atoll s ( 4 February - 2 April 1944 ) ; occupation of Saipan ( 22 July - 4 October ) ; and the capture of Okinawa ( 18 April - 2 September 1945 ) . While off Okinawa she helped rescue survivors of and . " Bowditch " remained off Okinawa until 3 November 1945 when she departed for the United States . She arrived at San Francisco 29 November . On 17 February 1946 she sailed for Bikini Atoll to begin preliminary surveys for Operation Crossroads . She continued surveying at Bikini after the atomic bomb tests , returning to San Francisco 19 October 1946 . " Bowditch " left San Francisco for Norfolk 23 November and was decommissioned there 31 January 1947 . She was transferred to the Maritime Commission 9 June 1948 . " Bowditch " received three battle star s for her World War II service .
Navy Expeditionary Medal The Navy Expeditionary Medal is an award of the United States Navy which was first created in August 1936 by General Orders of the Department of the Navy . " The medal will be awarded , " reads the Orders , " to the officers and enlisted men of the Navy who shall have actually landed on foreign territory and engaged in operations against armed opposition , or operated under circumstances which , after full consideration , shall be deemed to merit special recognition and for which service no campaign medal has been awarded . The Navy Expeditionary Medal is retroactively authorized to February 12 , 1874 . " The medal is one of the few Navy awards which is not concurrently bestowed to the United States Marine Corps , as Marine Corps personnel are eligible for the Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal as an equivalent award . In addition , since 1961 , some Navy commands have permitted service members to choose between the Navy Expeditionary Medal and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for participation in certain operations . Both awards may not be bestowed simultaneously for the same action . Additional awards of the Navy Expeditionary Medal are denoted by service stars . The Wake Island Device is authorized for those service members who were awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal through the defense of Wake Island .
Colville Air Force Station Colville Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station . It is located east - northeast of Colville , Washington . It was closed in 1961 . History . Colville Air Force Station was one of twenty - eight stations built as part of the second segment of the Air Defense Command permanent radar network . Prompted by the start of the Korean War , on July 11 , 1950 , the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the permanent network . Receiving the Defense Secretary ’ s approval on July 21 , the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction . This site took over coverage once provided by the temporary " Lashup " site L - 28 , Spokane , Washington , which operated between 1950 - 1952 . The 760th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron ( AC & W Sq ) was activated at the new station on 27 November 1950 . The squadron began operating an AN / TPS - 1 B medium - range search radar in March 1951 at the then Lashup - Permanent site LP - 60 , and initially the station functioned as a Ground - Control Intercept ( GCI ) and warning station . As a GCI station , the squadron ' s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit ' s radar scopes . In November 1951 an AN / TPS - 1 C replaced the - B model . This radar was subsequently replaced by an AN / FPS - 3 long - range search radar and an AN / FPS - 5 height - finder radar at this now Permanent site ( P - 60 ) in February 1952 . In 1956 the AN / FPS - 5 height - finder radar was retired and replaced by an AN / FPS - 6 model . Also in 1956 an AN / GPS - 3 search radar was installed . In 1958 the 760th AC & W Sq operated a newly installed AN / FPS - 20 radar , and the AN / FPS - 3 radar was retired . An AN / FPS - 6A height - finder was added also in 1958 . In 1960 the AN / FPS - 20 was modified to the AN / FPS - 20 A model . During 1960 Colville AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) system , initially feeding data to DC - 15 at Larson AFB , Washington . After joining , the squadron was redesignated as the 760th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) on 15 July 1960 . The radar squadron provided information 24 / 7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range , direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile . In addition to the main facility , Colville operated several AN / FPS - 14 Gap Filler sites : In November 1960 this site was closed due to budget constraints . Today the site remains standing , abandoned and severely deteriorated . External links .
John D . Kelly Private First Class John Doran Kelly ( July 8 , 1928 – May 28 , 1952 ) was a United States Marine received the Medal of Honor posthumous ly for his heroic action on May 28 , 1952 against Communist forces in Korea . Kelly was mortally wounded during his act of heroism . Biography . John Doran Kelly was born July 8 , 1928 , in Youngstown , Ohio . Soon afterwards his family moved to Homestead , Pennsylvania , where he attended grade school and high school . He graduated from high school in 1947 , and was attending $ 3 , prior to entering the United States Marine Corps . He gave up college during the Korean War , enlisting in the Marine Corps in August 1951 , in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Following his initial training at Parris Island , South Carolina , he was transferred to Camp Pendleton for further training prior to joining the 1st Marine Division in Korea . Kelly served as a radio operator with Company C , 1st Battalion , 7th Marines , before he died . Kelly is buried at Jefferson Memorial Cemetery , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . His grave can be found in section 20 , lot 319 . Medal of Honor citation . The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS JOHN D . KELLY UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a Radio Operator of Company C , First Battalion , Seventh Marines , First Marine Division ( Reinforced ) , in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea on 28 May 1952 . With his platoon pinned down by a numerically superior enemy force employing intense mortar , artillery , small - arms and grenade fire , Private First Class Kelly requested permission to leave his radio in the care of another man and to participate in an assault on enemy key positions . Fearlessly charging forward in the face of a murderous hail of machine - gun fire and hand grenades , he initiated a daring attack against a hostile strongpoint and personally neutralized the position , killing two of the enemy . Unyielding in the face of heavy odds , he continued forward and singlehandedly assaulted a machine - gun bunker . Although painfully wounded , he bravely charged the bunker and destroyed it , killing three of the enemy . Courageously continuing his one - man assault , he again stormed forward in a valiant attempt to wipe out a third bunker and boldly delivered point - blank fire into the aperture of the hostile emplacement . Mortally wounded by enemy fire while carrying out his heroic action , Private First Class Kelly , by his great personal valor and aggressive fighting spirit , inspired his comrades to sweep on , overrun and secure the objective . His extraordinary heroism in the face of almost certain death reflects the highest credit upon himself and enhances the finest traditions of the United States Naval Service . He gallantly gave his life for his country . / S / DWIGHT D . EISENHOWER
Robert Furman Robert R . Furman ( 1915 – 2008 ) was a civil engineer who during World War II was the chief of foreign intelligence for the Manhattan Engineer District directing espionage against the German nuclear energy project . The depth of his involvement during the war was only revealed in the few years before his death . As a civil engineer he was a key figure overseeing the construction of The Pentagon building and later in life founded " Furman Builders Inc " . Biography . He was born on August 21 , 1915 , in Trenton , New Jersey . He attended Princeton University and graduated in 1937 with a degree in civil engineering . In December 1940 , Furman was activated as a member of the United States Army Reserve and assigned to the Quartermaster Corps construction division where he oversaw day - to - day construction of The Pentagon . He was overseen in this work by Leslie Groves . When the building was completed in 1943 , Groves was reassigned to the " Manhattan Project " and brought his aide , Furman , with him . In August 1943 Furman was put in charge of an intelligence effort formed by Groves in response to concerns of the atomic bomb project scientists about the German nuclear effort . As director of intelligence Furman was responsible for ascertaining the progress the Germans were making , a series of operations with the intent to place all uranium in Europe into allied hands , and at the end of the war rounding up German atomic scientists and keeping them out of the Soviet Union . He also participated in missions on the front lines , including a daring commando raid into Belgium to seize a sample of German uranium under sniper fire . In July 1945 , he personally escorted half of the uranium necessary for the atomic bomb Little Boy to Tinian . He left the army the year after the war ended and founded " Furman Builders Inc . " in Rockville , Maryland , which built hundreds of structures including the U . S . embassy in Nicaragua . He married in 1952 ; he and his wife had four children and for the most part kept quiet about his exploits during the war . He died on October 14 , 2008 at Buckingham ' s Choice retirement community in Adamstown , Maryland of metastatic melanoma at the age of 93 .
German submarine U - 141 ( 1940 ) German submarine " U - 141 " was a Type IID U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 12 December 1939 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as ' werk ' 270 . She was launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 21 August 1940 with " Oberleutnant " Heinz - Otto Schultze in command . " U - 141 " began her service life with the 1st U - boat Flotilla . She was then assigned to the 3rd flotilla and subsequently to the 21st flotilla where she conducted four patrols , sinking four ships and damaging another , between May and September , 1941 . She spent the rest of the war as a training vessel , moving over to the 31st flotilla . She was scuttled in May 1945 . Operational career . The U - boat began her operational career with a trip from Kiel to Bergen in Norway in April 1941 . 1st patrol . The submarine ' s first patrol commenced with her departure from Bergen on 29 April 1941 . Her destination was Lorient in occupied France which she reached , having crossed the North Sea and made her way north of the Faroe Islands , on 11 May . During the voyage , she was unsuccessfully attacked by a Lockheed Hudson of No . 269 Squadron RAF west of the Outer Hebrides . 2nd patrol . She sank the " Calabria " on 22 June 1941 about northwest of the Inishull Lightship ( Ireland ) . 3rd patrol . She damaged the " Atlantic City " and sank the " Botney " on 26 July 1941 , west of Bloody Foreland , ( also in Ireland ) . 4th patrol . " U - 141 " s last sortie took her north of Northern Ireland where she sank the " Jarlinn " and the " King Erik " in September 1941 .
Hong Kong Chinese Regiment The Hong Kong Chinese Regiment ( HKCR ) was a regiment that had started to be raised shortly before the Battle of Hong Kong during World War II . For some time the concept of a local Hong Kong infantry regiment had been discussed , and it was decided to recruit a solid core of potential NCOs , and train them up using experienced 1st Middlesex Regiment officers and NCOs to the point where the regiment ' s first battalion could be built . The majority of the initial high - quality recruits ( mainly from the New Territories ) were passed medically by Dr Scriven , and training was progressing well until interrupted by the Japanese attack . During the fighting , the HKCR was primarily used to guard military stores in Deep Water Bay , and also saw action at the ridge that resulted in a number of casualties . After the surrender , a number of HKCR recruits escaped to China and joined up with the British Army Aid Group shortly after . Others became POWs , but , like all POWs considered to be ' local Chinese ' by the Japanese , were released early , resulting in many of these highly - motivated young men also crossing the border . As a percentage , it is probable that more HKCR men escaped , or evaded capture , and continued fighting than any other Hong Kong - based unit , thus proving the quality of the initial recruitment and selection .
1956 in the Vietnam War North Vietnam still held out that a referendum on unification as per the Geneva Accords would go ahead . As such they forbid the thousands of Viet Minh cadres they had left behind in the south from anything but low level insurgency actions instead focusing on political agitation in preparation for the upcoming elections . 1956 also saw the term Viet Cong come in being . The government controlled Saigon press first starting using the term this year referring to communist as " Viet Cong " a shorting of " Viet Nam Cong - San " which means " Vietnamese Communist . " Richard B . Fitzgibbon , Jr . became the first American to be killed in the Vietnam War . Fitzgibbon was serving as part of the Military Assistance Advisory Group ( MAAG ) ( DET 1 , 1173RD FOR MSN SQD ) , which was involved in training military personnel in South Vietnam . Fitzgibbon was not killed in action , but rather was murdered by another United States airman on June 8 , 1956 . Lê Quang Vinh popularly known as Ba Cụt was a military commander of the Hòa Hảo religious sect , which operated from the Mekong Delta and controlled various parts of southern Vietnam during the 1940s and early 1950s . He was captured on April 13 and after a short trial Ba Cụt was publicly guillotined on July 13 , 1956 , in Cần Thơ . Some followers , led by a hardcore deputy named Bay Dom , retreated to a small area beside the Cambodian border , where they vowed not to rest until Ba Cụt was avenged . Many of his followers later joined the Vietcong — the movement that succeeded the Việt Minh their leader had fought — and took up arms against Diệm . November . In the fall of 1956 , Ngo Dinh Diem dealt strongly with another group not considered of his circle : the approximately 1 , 000 , 000 Chinese - identified people of Vietnam , who dominated much of the economy . Diem issues an executive order which barred " foreigners " , including Chinese , from 11 kinds of businesses , and demanded the half - million Vietnamese - born men , known as " uncles " , " Vietnamize " , including changing their names to a Vietnamese form . His vice - president , Nguyen Ngoc Tho , was put in charge of the program .
XM312 The XM312 is a heavy machine gun derived from the XM307 25 mm autocannon and chambered for the . 50 BMG cartridge . It was designed in response to a request by the U . S . military for a replacement for the aging M2HB heavy machine gun , and as a complement to the heavier XM307 Advanced Crew Served Weapon . It is capable of being converted quickly into an XM307 with a small number of parts and a few minutes of work at the unit level ( and vice versa from the XM307 ) . Procurement of the XM312 will allow easier use of the XM307 , as only the related kits would have to be adopted . On May 20 , 2008 , Jane ' s Information Group reported that the U . S . Army had awarded General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products ( GDATP ) a 9 million dollar contract to develop a lightweight . 50 - caliber machine gun called the XM806 to supplement the Browning M2 , but was cancelled in 2012 . The Army at present will continue buying new M2s and Mk 19s to replenish the current guns that are wearing out .
6th South Carolina Regiment The 6th South Carolina Regiment was authorized on 28 February 1776 in the South Carolina State Troops and was organized during the spring of 1776 as five companies of volunteers from the northwestern region of the colony of South Carolina . The regiment was adopted into the Southern Department of the Continental Army on 25 March 1776 . The regiment was re - organized on 18 October 1776 to six companies and was assigned to the 1st South Carolina Brigade on 23 November 1776 . On 11 February 1780 the regiment was consolidated with the 2nd South Carolina Regiment . The regiment was relieved on 3 January 1779 from the brigade and assigned on 1 February 1779 to the South Carolina Brigade . The regiment was merged into the 2nd South Carolina Regiment on 11 February 1780 . The regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah .