naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company The Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company ( CAMCO ) was the creation of American entrepreneur William D . Pawley , the Curtiss - Wright sales representative in China during the 1930s . History . Starting in 1933 , CAMCO assembled ( probably from factory - supplied kits ) about 100 Hawk II and Hawk III fighter - bombers at a factory in Hangzhou . The planes had originally been designed as scout bombers for the U . S . Navy . They served as the backbone of the Chinese Air Force during the first year of the Sino - Japanese War ( 1937 - 1945 ) . As Nationalist Chinese forces were driven back from the coast in the winter of 1937 - 38 , CAMCO retreated with them . Pawley ' s factory was reconstituted in Hankou , where it repaired airplanes damaged in combat or by bombing , and may also have assembled some later - model Curtiss H - 75 fighters , an export version of the U . S . Army ' s P - 36 monoplane fighter . When Hankou fell in October 1938 , CAMCO moved to Hengyang and added Vultee V - 11 light bombers to its product line . At the same time , work was started at a new factory far in the hinterland , at Loiwing on the China - Burma frontier . Opened in the spring of 1939 , it was supplied by the mountainous " Burma Road " from Rangoon ( now Yangon , capital of Myanmar ) . The factory was financed by the Chinese Nationalist government in Chongqing . An undetermined number of Hawk 75 ( P - 36 type ) and Curtiss - Wright CW - 21 fighters were assembled there . In the winter of 1940 - 1941 , Pawley became involved in the recruitment and supplying of the 1st American Volunteer Group ( AVG ) , later known as the Flying Tigers . AVG pilots were released from U . S . military service to serve as " instructors " or " Metal Workers " for the Chinese ; their employer of record was CAMCO , which also set up a facility at Mingaladon airport outside Rangoon to assemble the 100 Curtiss P - 40 fighters sold to China to equip the AVG . From offices in Rangoon and New York City , CAMCO also provided housekeeping and record - keeping services for the AVG until its disbandment in July 1942 . The CAMCO factory at Loiwing was used to repair AVG P - 40s , and its airfield was briefly used by the AVG to mount raids into Thailand and Burma . Following the Allied retreat from Burma in the spring of 1942 , the CAMCO plant was lost to the Japanese , and Pawley moved his operation to Bangalore , India , where he evidently joined forces with an Indian firm , Hindustan Aircraft Ltd . Here he assembled Harlow trainers for the Indian Air Force and arguably launched Bangalore on its 20th century path as the high - tech centre on the subcontinent .
Hugh Carroll Frazer Hugh Carroll Frazer ( February 22 , 1891 – July 9 , 1975 ) was born in the Martinsburg , West Virginia . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1912 . He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz , 1914 . Frazer was also a veteran of World War I and World War II . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Ensign Organization : U . S . Navy Born : Martinsburg , W . Va . Entered service at : West Virginia Place / Date : Vera Cruz , Mexico , 22 April 1914 Date of issue : 12 / 04 / 1915 Citation : For extraordinary heroism in battle , engagement of Vera Cruz , 22 April 1914 . During this engagement , Ens . Frazer ran forward to rescue a wounded man , exposing himself to hostile fire and that of his own men . Having accomplished the mission , he returned at once to his position in line .
Survive , Evade , Resist , Extract In the United Kingdom , SERE is an acronym for Survive , Evade , Resist and Extract At a basic level this is core aspect of training for all UK Regular Army personnel and is tested as part of their Military Annual Training Tests ( MATTs ) . The UK SERE School is based at RAF St Mawgan . See also . United Kingdom Special Forces Selection
Hanley Castle ( castle ) Hanley Castle was a Norman castle that stood to the south of the present site of the village of Hanley Castle , which lies 2 km north of Upton - upon - Severn , in the county of Worcestershire , England , United Kingdom . ( ) . 13th Century Castle . It was built by King John between 1206 and 1212 . In 1216 it was given by Henry III to Gilbert de Clare , 5th Earl of Hertford and it remained in the powerful de Clare family until 1314 . After that date there was a succession of owners until the castle was surrendered with the manor to the Crown in 1487 . After this the castle gradually fell into decay and was mostly demolished due to its ruined state in the reign of King Henry VIII . The masonry of the only remaining tower is said to have been removed in 1795 by to repair the bridge at Upton upon Severn . No traces of the castle building now remain . A modern house which stood on some portion of the site was destroyed by fire in January 1904 . The site is marked by tall conifers and a dry remnant of the moat ditch and bank .
Farman MF . 7 The Maurice Farman MF . 7 " Longhorn " is a French reconnaissance biplane developed before World War I , which served in both the French and British air services in the early stages of the war before being used as a trainer aircraft . Design and development . It had a single Renault " pusher " engine . Its name derived from the distinctive front - mounted elevator and elongated skids .
23rd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 23rd Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 23rd Wisconsin was organized at Madison , Wisconsin and mustered into Federal service August 30 , 1862 . The regiment was mustered out on July 4 , 1865 at Mobile , Alabama . Casualties . The 23rd Wisconsin suffered 1 officer and 40 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds , plus another 5 officers and 262 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 308 fatalities .
General - in - chief General - in - chief has been a military rank or title in various armed forces around the world . France . In France , general - in - chief ( " général en chef " ) was first an informal title for the lieutenant - general commanding over others lieutenant - generals , or even for some marshals in charge of an army . During the Revolution , it became a title given to officers of général de division rank commanding an army . The " généraux en chef " wore four stars on their shoulders boards opposed to the three of a mere " général de division " . The title of " général en chef " was abolished in 1812 , re - established during the Restoration and ultimately abolished in 1848 . Russia . In Russia , general - in - chief ( , probably originating from the French " général en chef " ) , was a full general rank in the Russian Imperial army , the second top in Russian military ranks ( the 2nd grade of Table of Ranks ) . It was created in 1698 by Peter the Great . In 1798 , the rank was divided into three equivalent ranks of general of the infantry , general of the cavalry and general of the artillery . USA . In the United States , the term " general in chief " was used to refer to the Commanding General of the United States Army , who was the ground force ' s senior - most officer . Famous generals in chief were George Washington , Winfield Scott , Henry Halleck and Ulysses S . Grant . During the American Civil War , General Robert E . Lee was appointed " General in chief of the Armies of the Confederate States " [ Approved 6 February 1865 ] . The position of Commanding General of the United States Army was abolished with the creation of the General Staff in 1903 — the Chief of Staff of the United States Army can perhaps be seen as the modern day equivalent , although the current position is not responsible for commanding military forces in the field , as the generals in chief did in the 19th century . Venezuela . Since the age of the independence war in Venezuela the most senior officer is designated as general - in - chief ( " general en jefe " ) . From its creation the rank was represented by three suns ( equivalent to three star rank ) , but with the creation in 2008 of the rank of general major , four suns ( equivalent to four star rank ) are used . From the 1940s until 2001 the rank was not used . In 2001 Divisional General Lucas Rincon Romero was promoted to general - in - chief . At the moment there are two commanders in chief : minister of defense Carlos Mata Figueroa , and the chief of CEOFANB ( " Comando Estrategico Operacional de la FANB " ; Strategic Commando Operacional of the FANB ) Henry Rangel Silva .
Siege of Almeida ( 1762 ) The Siege of Almeida took place in August 1762 when a Spanish force besieged and captured the city of Almeida from its Portuguese defenders during the Seven Years ' War . The city was taken on 25 August as part of the invasion of Portugal by a Spanish army commanded by the Count of Aranda . The force that captured Almeida was part of a major Spanish offensive to overrun Portugal . A northern pincer invaded Portugal from Galicia crossing the Douro and threatening Porto while the southern force crossed the border from Ciudad Rodrigo and preceded towards the major Portuguese fortification of Almeida . It was captured after a nine day siege , but a further Spanish advance was stalled by the arrival of 8 , 000 British troops - and their disruption of Spanish supplies at the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara . Almeida was garrisoned by Aranda , but it remained the only major fortress in Spanish hands by the close of the war . It was returned to the Portuguese following the Treaty of Paris in exchange for the return of Cuba and the Philippines to Spain by the British .
Forward Operating Base Gibraltar FOB Gibraltar was a British - manned Forward Operating Base in Helmand Province , Afghanistan next to the Helmand River , near the town of Sangin . It was named after the port of Gibraltar , which was the lynchpin of British Naval dominance in the Mediterenean . The mission for FOB Gibraltar was to train and support Afghan soldiers and take Taliban pressure off the Sangin area , so that the soldiers and the PRT could try to secure the population while improving their quality of life . Taliban fighters who attacked FOB Gibaltar during the summer of 2008 referred to the base as the ' mouth of hell ' or ' devil ' s place ' . Of the 160 men of 2 Para who manned the base , almost one in three were killed or wounded , a higher casualty rate than that suffered by British soldiers during the World War II : Five killed in action , 14 seriously injured , and another 30 wounded . The Base was last occupied by C Coy 2 Rifles prior to the closure of the FOB in June 2009 . C Coy 2 RIFLES moved to PB WISHTAN near Sangin .
Black Hills National Cemetery Black Hills National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located south of the city of Sturgis in Meade County , South Dakota . It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005 , had 19 , 147 interments . History . The area around the Black Hills Cemetery was originally inhabited by the Lakota Indians . French explorers went through the region in the 1740s , and Spain laid claim to the area in 1762 until it was acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . Fort Randall was established in 1856 , and the 1861 establishment of Dakota Territory brought more settlers to the region , but it wasn ' t until gold was discovered in the Black Hills that the area was truly populated . Under the Treaty of Fort Laramie , the United States granted the land of the Black Hills to the Lakota , but there was no stopping the settlers from entering the region , which led to several conflicts . Most of the original interments in the cemetery were soldiers who fell in battles of the Indian Wars , but it has since been used to inter veterans from every major campaign the United States has been involved in .
Dreghorn Barracks Dreghorn Barracks are located in Edinburgh , Scotland . The barracks are situated at the southern edge of the city , south of Colinton , and adjacent to the Edinburgh City Bypass . The present barracks complex was largely built in 1937 – 1939 to designs by William Alexander Ross . The barracks were upgraded in 1989 – 1992 , with the addition of several new buildings . The four original buildings are protected as a category C ( s ) listed building . The barracks were built in the grounds of Dreghorn Castle , a 17th - century mansion built by Sir William Murray , Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland . The castle was extended around 1805 by Archibald and James Elliot . The castle was acquired by the War Office in 1893 , and was eventually demolished in 1955 . A monument outside the barracks on Redford Road commemorates the rebellious Covenanter s who were defeated at the Battle of Rullion Green in 1666 . The monument was erected in 1884 by R A Macfie of Dreghorn House , and incorporates columns taken from the 18th - century Edinburgh Royal Infirmary , designed by William Adam and demolished the previous year . The barracks is currently home to the Royal Scots Borderers ( 1 SCOTS ) , 1st Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland . The future . Moving towards Future Force 2020 , and returning the 20 , 000 personnel stationed in Germany , means the Armed Forces ' estate requirements will change . As a result , the MOD has reviewed its future basing needs . The driving force behind the review of basing is the military requirement . By 2020 , the Army will be made up of five Multi - Role Brigades ( MRB ) of around 6 , 000 people . These brigades need to be geographically close to suitable training areas so they can prepare for deployment . The changes to military basing announced by the Defence Secretary include : • An Army MRB will be in Scotland , centred on Edinburgh . The base at Kirknewton , south east of Edinburgh , will be developed into a major Army base . The first units are expected to move into Kirknewton in 2016 - 17 . Additional troops will be stationed in Glencorse Barracks . Dregorn and Redford Barracks will become surplus to requirements and are , therefore , earmarked for disposal .
RFA Bacchus ( A103 ) RFA " Bacchus " ( A103 ) was a stores freighter and distilling ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . She was the second ship to bear this name , replace the one before her . In her time she would carry the pennants X03 , B556 , A103 . Service history . Built by the Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company , Dundee . She was converted to stores issuing ship in 1942 , and reconverted to freighter in 1946 . She was used first on the Chatham - Gibraltar - Malta run taking naval supplies and a small number of passengers . With WWII breaking out she was given the distellation unit from HMS Resolution and after then a stores ship . Attached to the British Pacific Fleet Train in 1945 she spent time at HMS Tamar in Hong Kong . Post WWII . From 1946 RFA Bacchus started on the " overseas sea freight service " she would make the run through U . K , Mediterranean and Far East Run through the Suez Canal and Aden . In 1956 she took part in Operation Musketeer on the ( Suez ) . Laid up at Singapore , she was sold on 14 August 1962 and renamed Pulau Bali . Beached at Singapore on 12 August 1964 prior to scrapping .
Schuyler Island Schuyler Island , Schuyler < nowiki > [ ' ] < / nowiki > s Island , or Whitney Island , is an island in Lake Champlain , between Port Kent , New York and Willsboro Bay , opposite Burlington , Vermont . It is a part of Chesterfield , in Essex County , New York . Schuyler Island was involved in the 1776 Battle of Valcour during the American Revolutionary War . Schuyler Island was a family farm and was taken from the family during World War II using eminent domain provisions of the law . The US Government military viewed the island as an important backup to Plattsburgh Air Force Base in NY State . The Federal Government later gave the land to the State of NY which created a State park there . Overnight camping sites are available and is popular stop for lake boaters . Schuyler Island is located at .
Skaraborgs regemente ( infantry ) Skaraborgs regemente ( Skaraborg Regiment ) , designation I 9 , was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that traced its origins back to the 16th century . It was converted to an armoured regiment in 1942 . The regiment ' s soldiers were recruited from Skaraborg County , and it was later garrisoned there . History . The regiment has its origins in fänikor ( companies ) raised in Skaraborg in the 16th century . In 1613 , these units — along with fänikor from the nearby province of Dalsland and Älvsborg County — were organised by Gustav II Adolf into Västergötlands storregemente , of which eight of the total 24 companies were recruited in Skaraborg County . Västergötlands storregemente consisted of three field regiments , of which Skaraborgs regemente was one . Sometime between 1621 and 1624 , the grand regiment was permanently split into three smaller regiments , of which Skaraborgs regemente was one . Skaraborgs regemente was one of the original 20 Swedish infantry regiments mentioned in the Swedish constitution of 1634 . The regiment ' s first commander was Bengt Pilefelt . The regiment was allotted in 1684 . It was given the designation I 9 ( 9th Infantry Regiment ) in a general order in 1816 . Skaraborgs regemente was garrisoned in Skövde from 1913 . The regiment was expanded with an armoured battalion in 1939 , and the regiment was converted to an armoured regiment , Skaraborgs pansarregemente , in 1942 .
Western Qin The Western Qin ( ; 385 - 400 , 409 - 431 ) was a state of Xianbei Mongol ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China . Note that the Western Qin is entirely distinct from the ancient Qin Dynasty , the Former Qin , and the Later Qin . All rulers of the Western Qin declared themselves " " wang " " , translatable as either " king " or " prince . " They ruled the area that is now southwest part of Gansu province in Northwest China .
Action of Elouges The Action of Elouges 24 August 1914 , was fought during the First World War . Following the Battle of Mons the British Expeditionary Force , was withdrawing , closely followed by the advancing German Army . The British 5th Division assisted by the 2nd and 3rd Cavalry Brigade . During the action the 4th ( Royal Irish ) Dragoon Guards and ' A ' Squadron , the 9th ( Queen ' s Royal ) Lancers charged the German guns . Major Ernest Wright Alexander of the Royal Artillery and Captain Francis Octavius Grenfell of the 9th Lancers were awarded the Victoria Cross for saving the artillery battery guns while under fire . Eventually the 1st Battalion Cheshire Regiment were surrounded and destroyed .
1st Cavalry Division Eugenio di Savoia The 1st Cavalry Division " Eugenio di Savoia " was an Cavalry Division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Eugenio di Savoia " was mobilized in 1940 , as a cavalry division and took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia . The Division remained in Yugoslavia in the Italian XI Corps ( Ljubljana ) as an occupying force on the Dalmatian coast . After the Italian surrender the Division was disbanded in September 1943 . Action in Yugoslavia . While in Yugoslavia , the 14 Alessandria Regiment is credited with having conducted the last cavalry charge by the Italian Army in World War II . On 17 October 1942 the regiment was encircled by a group of Josip Broz Tito ' s Partisans near Poloj in Croatia . That night the cavalry launched repeated saber charges against the partisans . Despite heavy casualties , the charge succeeded and broke through to safety . Organization . The Division had undergone a level of mechanization . Each division had two cavalry regiments , a highly - mobile infantry ( " Bersaglieri " ) regiment , an artillery regiment , and a light tank group . The squadrons of the cavalry regiments were horse - mounted and , other than a motorcycle company , the " Bersaglieri " were issued with bicycles . The light tank group had a total of 61 tanks . The tanks were typically L3s or L6s . The Division was commanded by Lieutenant - General Federico Ferrari Orsi .
Rob Schultheis Rob Schultheis is an author and journalist who lives in Telluride , Colorado . He has written books about the wars in Afghanistan ( both with the Soviet Union , and the war in 2002 ) and the 2003 Iraq War , as well as books about Colorado , the Western United States , and extreme sports such as mountain climbing . He has also written articles for magazines such as Time , and newspapers such as the New York Times and The Washington Post . Book reviews . In 1982 , his book " The Hidden West : Journey in the American Outback " was published . It was described by a New York Times review as " A celebration of that vast expanse of remaining American frontier . " In 1992 , Schultheis ' book " Night Letters : Inside Wartime Afghanistan " , was published , on the topic of the Soviet war in Afghanistan , which he covered in person as a journalist . A Library Journal review states " His descriptions of the many individuals and their savage landscape are unforgettable , and his tales of the desperate yet eager combat by a remarkably resilient people give some of the most vivid images of that war available to us in the West . " A review in Publisher ' s Weekly states , " In this chronicle of high adventure Schultheis succeeds in conveying his exhilaration to the reader . " " Waging Peace : A Special Operations Team ' s Battle to Rebuild Iraq " ( 2005 ) , was written after Schultheis spent six months in 2004 as an embedded journalist with a US . Army Civil Affairs team who was tasked with working on rebuilding operations in a Shi ' ite neighborhood in Baghdad , during the Iraq war . One review calls the book " amusing as well as surprising " , and goes on to say , " there ' s valuable information here about the unsung heroes who do the dirty work required to help push Iraqis toward a better life and democracy . " In " Hunting Bin Laden : How al - Qaeda Is Winning the War on Terror " ( 2008 ) , Schultheis questions the military tactics in the wars in both Iraq and Afghanistan . One review calls it " one of the rawest accounts of Afghanistan ' s suffering to emerge from a growing library documenting the country ' s misery . "
HMS Enterprize ( 1743 ) HMS " Enterprize , also known as HMS " Enterprise , was an 8 - gun sloop of the Royal Navy . The " Enterprize " was a barca - longa captured from the Spanish in 1743 , and re - rated as a sloop . She spent her entire career in the Mediterranean as a despatch vessel and tender , being commissioned in 1743 under Lieutenant Thomas Herring . She was present at the Battle of Toulon in 1744 , and was then paid off in 1745 . She was recommissioned under Lieutenant William Cooper in August 1746 , spending a further two years in service with the Navy until being put up for sale in at Port Mahon , Minorca in the summer of 1748 . There was already an HMS " Enterprize " in service during her time with the Navy , a 40 - gun fifth rate , which was sold off the year after her smaller counterpart , in 1749 .
HMCS Kapuskasing ( J326 ) HMCS " Kapuskasing " ( J326 ) was an that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II . She was commissioned on August 17 , 1944 , and wore pennant J326 until she was decommissioned in March 1946 . In 1949 , she was recommissioned , and served with the Department of Mines under pennant 171 as a hydrographic survey ship until paid off in 1972 . The ship was returned to the navy in 1972 . On October 3 , 1978 , she was taken to sea and sunk as a naval target .
Enos D . Hopping Enos D . Hopping ( 1805 – September 1 , 1847 ) was a brigadier general in the United States Army during the Mexican - American War . Biography . He was born in 1805 to Jehiel Hopping and Harriet Mead . A personal and political friend of Secretary of War William L . Marcy , Hopping was appointed a brigadier general in the Regular Army by President James K . Polk on March 3 , 1847 . He was commanding a camp of instruction in northern Mexico when he died on September 1 , 1847 .