naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Muhammad - Husayn Ayrom Sar - lashgar Muhammad Husayn Ayrom ( سرلشگر محمدحسین آیرم ) was a senior military leader of the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran . He was the nephew of General Teymūr Khan Ayromlou and a first cousin of Queen Tadj ol - Molouk Ayromlou . Only some members of the Ayrums family spelled their surname " Ayromlou " with the added suffix " lou " . Born in 1882 in Baku to an Azeri family , Ayrom began studies in Russia and soon began military training . The Ayrums were originally the inhabitants of large marches straddling the current borders of Georgia , Armenia and Azerbaijan in the district of Ganja . After the loss of the area to the Russians as a result of the first Russo - Persian War , they largely moved south deeper into Persia / Iran to stay with their fellow Shia co - reglionists . Some stayed behind under the Russian rule . . Ayrom climbed up the ranks swiftly , becoming a colonel of Iran ' s cossack brigade as early as 1901 . He became Chief of Iran ' s Central Police ( Shahrbāni ) in 1931 . At the height of his career , he was viewed as more powerful than a Cabinet member and Reza Shah ' s right - hand man . His abuses of his position included graft , framing innocent people and smuggling and seeing what was happening to others he pretended to be ill and left Iran permanently . He died on 31 March 1948 in Liechtenstein while staying there for medical treatment for his illness .
3rd Blackshirt Division ( 21 April ) The 3rd CCNN Division ( CCNN standing for " Camicie Nere " , Black Shirts ; also known as 3rd CCNN Division " XXI Aprile " ) was one of the seven Black Shirt militia Division s that were organized and fought in the Second Italo - Abyssinian War . The name " 21 Aprile " was in honor of the legendary date of the founding of Rome , and also the date of the publication of the Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals on 21 April 1925 . Its commander was Generale di Divisione Giacomo Appiotti . Order of Battle ( 3 October 1935 ) . Notes : Order of Battle ( 9 December 1940 ) . Notes :
Fort Sainte Anne ( Nova Scotia ) Fort Ste . Anne was a former French military fort located in the Canadian province of Cape Breton . It was situated in Englishtown , Victoria County on Cape Breton Island . The fort was built by Captain Charles Daniel ( 1629 ) after raiding Baleine . and was occupied from 1639 to 1641 , adjacent to the Simon Denys Fort ( 1650 - 1659 ) and Fort Dauphin ( 1713 - 1745 ) , two other French military forts built on the site . Fort Saint Anne is a National Historic Site )
Nanchang CJ - 6 The Nanchang CJ - 7 is a basig trainer of the Chinese Air Force , operational by more than four decades , Nanchang ( Now Hongdu Aircraft Industry Group ) reported that they are developing a replacement for the CJ - 6 but nothing is confirmed yet . Descripition . The CJ - 6 ( Chuji Jiaolian - 6 or ChuJiao - 6 ) is the basic trainer aircraft designed and built by Nanchang Aircraft Factory ( now Hongdu Aircraft Industry Group ) . The aircraft is use by the PLAAF and PLANAF for basic flight training . Although the aircraft has been flying for over four decades , it still provides reliable performance and may well remain in service for some years to come . Nanchang is reportedly developing a replacement for the CJ - 6 but this cannot be confirmed . Unlike most people believed , the Nanchang CJ - 6 is not a direct copy of the Soviet Yakovlev Yak - 18 A basic trainer . In fact , the CJ - 6 was developed from the CJ - 5 ( Chinese copy of the Yak - 18 ) basic trainer aircraft which was also built by Nanchang . Most notably , the CJ - 6 has an aluminium alloy structure instead of the steel tube structure of the Yak design . China obtained the Yak - 18 technology in the early 1950s and its Chinese copy CJ - 5 was built locally under license in Nanchang Aircraft Factory ( now Hongdu ) between 1954 and 1958 . The design showed deficiencies for jet pilot training which led the Chinese to independently revise the basic Yak - 18 design to feature a retractable undercarriage , with the main gear folding inward toward the fuselage , and the nose wheel retracting backward into the fuselage . The revised design was given a new designation CJ - 6 . The wings of the CJ - 6 were revised to have prominent dihedral , but , like the Soviet Yak - 18 A redesign , the CJ - 6 retained the 145 hp M - 11ER radial engine with similarly disappointing results when it first flew in 1958 . Revised power , in the form of an Ivchenko AI - 14R engine , didn ' t completely solve the problem either , which called for further redesign of the aircraft . Finally , in 1961 , an improved CJ - 6A gained approval and was produced from 1962 until 1965 , using a 285 hp Quzhou Huosai - 6A ( Chinese copy of the AI - 14R ) piston engine . More than 1 , 800 CJ - 6As were produced , including those exported to nations such as Albania , Bangladesh , Cambodia , Tanzania and Zambia under the designation PT - 6 . An armed version , the CJ - 6B , was produced between 1964 and 1966 , possibly equipped with a 300 hp HS - 6D engine . The CJ - 6 is equipped with basic radio communication and navigation equipment , and is powered by a 285 hp Quzhou Huosai - 6A ( HS - 6A ) radial piston engine . More than 2 , 000 examples are believed to have been produced , with tens of thousands PLA student pilots trained on the aircraft . Many CJ - 6s were also exported to Western countries for general aviation and leisure flight . Both the Yak - 18 and the Nanchang CJ - 6 have become popular with pilots worldwide who appreciate the sturdy qualities , reliability and personality of these old warbirds . Ecuador Zambia
Agent White Agent White is the code name for a herbicide and defoliant used by the U . S . military in its Herbicidal warfare program during the Vietnam War . The name comes from the white stripe painted on the barrels to identify the contents . It was one of the so - called " rainbow herbicides " that included the more infamous Agent Orange . Agent White is commercially available as Dow AgroSciences Tordon 101 . Agent White is a 4 : 1 mixture of 2 , 4 - D and Picloram . Unlike the more infamous Agent Orange , Agent White did not contain dioxin , which was a contaminant in the defoliants that included 2 , 4 , 5 - trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2 , 4 , 5 - T ) . However , it appears the Picloram was contaminated with hexachlorobenzene ( HCB ) and nitrosamine s , both known carcinogen s . Agent White was a proprietary product of the Dow Chemical Company . Around 1985 , Dow Chemical was forced to re - certify Picloram after having greatly reduced the amounts of both contaminants . Agent White was often used when Agent Orange was not available , including for several months after the use of Agent Orange was halted in April 1970 . Approximately of Agent White was used in Vietnam between 1966 and 1971 . In addition the US Military tested Agent White , Tordon 101 and Picloram in varying concentrations at test sites in the US and Puerto Rico in the 1960s .
Samantha Sooriyabandara Major General Samantha Sooriyabandara RSP , USP is the Defence Attache in the Sri Lanka Embassy in Washington D . C and formerly of Commando Regiment strike division in Jaffna and General Officer Commanding ( GOC ) of 53 Division ( Sri Lanka ) . Major General Samantha was educated at Nalanda College Colombo . He was a Senior Cadet at the school Cadet core . He was earlier in charge of the personal security of the Army Commander of Sri Lanka .
John II of Brienne , Count of Eu John II of Brienne ( died 11 July 1302 , Kortrijk ) was the son of John I of Brienne , Count of Eu and Beatrice of Saint - Pol . He succeeded his father as Count of Eu in 1294 . He married Jeanne , Countess of Guînes ( d . 1331 / 2 ) , the daughter and heir of Baldwin IV , Count of Guînes . They had two children : John was killed at the Battle of the Golden Spurs .
Stalag IV - A Stalag IV - A Elsterhorst was a World War II German Army prisoner - of - war camp located south of the village of Elsterhorst ( now Nardt ) , near Hoyerswerda in Saxony , north - east of Dresden ( this should not however be confused with Stalag IV - A Hohnstein , which was located 20 miles ENE of Dresden ) . Camp history . The camp opened in 1938 , and the first occupants were 350 prisoners from Czechoslovakia , who were accommodated in tents . In 1939 , prisoners from the German invasion of Poland arrived and were put to work building 40 barrack huts . Originally Stalag IV , the camp was re - designated Stalag IV - A in October 1940 . In June 1940 , part of the camp was re - designated Oflag IV - D , as an camp for officers , predominantly French , but also Belgian , British , Canadian and Yugoslav . Another part of the camp was set aside as a hospital for prisoners as Reserve Lazarett 742 . From 1941 , the stalag received POWs from Russia , who were housed in a separate compound . After the bombing of Dresden in February 1945 , conditions for American and British prisoners worsened considerably . They were particularly affected by the withholding of their Red Cross parcel s , leading to general malnourishment and consequently a number of deaths from pneumonia . Liberation and after . As the Red Army advanced , the camp received more Belgian and French POWs from camps further east . In February 1945 , officer prisoners were marched westwards . The camp was finally liberated by the Russians in April 1945 . While under Russian control , the camp was used to hold up to 70 , 000 captured German troops . In October 1945 , the camp was returned to German administration and was used as a transit and quarantine camp for troops returning home . From 1946 , the camp was used as a resettlement camp for refugees from territories now in Poland , until finally closed on 31 March 1948 . In 1957 , the site of the camp was redeveloped as Nardt airfield . Deaths . Prisoners who died at the camp were interred at the cemetery in Nardt . The remains of French , British and Canadian POWs were exhumed and returned to their homelands in 1952 . The Russians were re - interred at a memorial grove in Hoyerswerda in 1974 .
Pedro de Viscarra Pedro de Viscarra de la Barrera , twice Royal Governor of Chile , was an old lawyer who had arrived in the Kingdom of Chile from Spain in 1590 . Alonso de Sotomayor went to Peru on July 30 , 1592 to petition the viceroy there for more men leaving Pedro de Viscarra with the title of lieutenant governor of Chile . Upon the arrival of Martín García Óñez de Loyola on 23 September 1592 to replace Sotomayor , Viscarra relinquished his office . After Loyola was killed in the Battle of Curalaba in December 1598 , Pedro de Viscarra again was the temporary governor of the Kingdom of Chile for six months until he was replaced as governor by Francisco de Quiñónez in May 1599 .
USS Paul Ignatius ( DDG - 117 ) PCU " Paul Ignatius " ( DDG - 117 ) is a future of the United States Navy . She is named for Paul Ignatius who served as United States Secretary of the Navy under President Lyndon Johnson from 1967 to 1969 . " Paul Ignatius " will be the second of seven planned Flight IIA " technology insertion " ships , which will contain elements of the Flight III ships projected to begin with DDG - 123 . References .
Publius Licinius Egnatius Marinianus Publius Licinius Egnatius Marinianus ( - 268 ) was the third and youngest son of Roman Emperor Gallienus and " Augusta " Cornelia Salonina . Gallienus appointed him together with Paternus as Consul in early 268 . His two older brothers , Valerianus and Saloninus had died earlier , and thus he was the successor to the throne . Marinianus , along with his uncle Valerianus Minor , perished during the autumn of 268 in a purge of Gallienus ' partisans .
Fire Cross 1914 – 1918 The 1914 – 1918 Fire Cross ( , ) was a Belgian military decoration awarded to all holders of the so - called " Fire Card " which was awarded to all who came under fire at the front during the First World War . The medal was established by royal decree on 6 February 1934 . It could not be awarded posthumously . Award description . The Fire Cross was a 44mm wide by 54mm high ( including ribbon loop ) bronze cross quadrate . Except for a 3mm wide plain border , the cross arms were striated , horizontally for the lateral arms and vertically for the vertical arms on both the obverse and reverse . The 30mm wide by 37mm high central rectangle bore on its obverse , 5mm wide vertical laurel branches on either side , at center , the relief image of a deserted battlefield with at the forefront , the relief image of a World War 1 Belgian helmet over a bayonet , farther and on a slight elevation at left , a 75mm howitzer , at upper right , the Sun breaking through clouds . On its reverse , a large laurel branch extending diagonally from bottom left to top right and bisected by the relief inscription on two lines in Latin " SALUS PATRIAE SUPREMA LEX " roughly translating into " THE NATION ' S SALVATION IS OUR HIGHEST DUTY " . In the top left corner , a royal crown from which seven relief rays extend downwards , at bottom right , the relief years on two rows " 1914 " and " 1918 " , at bottom left just below the laurel branch ' s stem , the name of the awards designer , " A . Rombaut " . The cross hangs from a 36mm wide red silk moiré ribbon with three 4mm wide longitudinal blue stripes , one at center , the other two on either side 1mm from the ribbon ' s edges . Notable recipients ( partial list ) . The individuals listed below were awarded the Fire Cross :
Veniamin Fleishman Veniamin Iosifovich Fleishman , ( , July 20 , 1913 , Bezhetsk , Tver Oblast – September 14 , 1941 , Krasnoye Selo , Leningrad Oblast ) was a Soviet composer . While studying under Dmitri Shostakovich at the Leningrad Conservatory ( 1939 – 1941 ) , he began a one - act opera " Rothschild ' s Violin " based on Anton Chekhov ’ s short story about Bronza , a Russian country coffin - maker and violinist , and his combative relationship with the Jewish musicians in his village . At the outbreak of World War II , Fleishman volunteered for the front and was killed before he could complete the work . In memory of his talented student , Shostakovich rescued the manuscript from besieged Leningrad , finished it and orchestrated it in 1943 - 1944 . Shostakovich dated his completion of the score February 5 , 1944 . Later , he exerted influence so that the opera should be published and performed . The opera ' s World Premiere concert performance took place on June 20 , 1960 , at the USSR Union of Composers , Moscow with the soloists and members of the Moscow Philharmonic Society . The opera was first staged in April 1968 , Leningrad , at the Experimental Studio of Chamber Opera . The artistic director was Solomon Volkov , and the conductor Maxim Shostakovich .
John K . Gerhart John Koehler Gerhart ( November 27 , 1907 – January 9 , 1981 ) was a United States Air Force four - star general , and served as commander , North American Air Defense Command under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson . Biography . He was born in Saginaw , Michigan , in 1907 , and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1928 with a bachelor ' s degree in philosophy . On October 12 , 1929 , he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Air Corps Reserve after graduating from Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field , Texas . Gerhart ' s first tour of duty was at Mitchel Field , New York . This was followed by various assignments , including several years as a flight test pilot in both powered aircraft and gliders . He graduated from the Air Corps Tactical School in April 1941 . Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor , General Gerhart joined the newly formed Eighth Air Force . In July 1942 he went to England with the first contingent of the Eighth Air Force . In June 1943 he assumed command of the 95th Bomb Group , Eighth Air Force , and later became commander of the 93rd Combat Bomb Wing which comprised four groups of B - 17 Flying Fortress es . In early 1946 , Gerhart returned to London and Paris for a year as air adviser to the American Delegation participating along with the major allies in drafting the Balkan and Italian peace treaties . On return to Washington in January 1947 , he served successively as director of the Legislative and Liaison Division , chief of statistical services in the Office of the Comptroller , and as chief of staff of Joint Task Force Three which conducted the first thermonuclear tests at Eniwetok Atoll in the spring of 1951 . During the period of his duty with the Air Force Comptroller , he also graduated from the Harvard Business School ( AMP - 13 ) . Gerhart was appointed as Joint Chiefs of Staff adviser to the Planning Board of the National Security Council in March 1953 , and after two years in that capacity , was designated chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group to the United Kingdom . One year later , Gerhart became the commander of the United States Twelfth Air Force in Germany . He returned to the United States in July 1957 to become the first deputy chief of staff , plans and programs , in Air Force Headquarters - the job he held until appointed by President John F . Kennedy to be commander - in - chief of the North American Air Defense Command , August 1 , 1962 . He retired from the Air Force on March 1 , 1965 , and died January 9 , 1981 . Awards and decorations . Gerhart ' s decorations included the Silver Star with two oak leaf cluster s , Legion of Merit , Distinguished Flying Cross , Bronze Star , Air Medal with two oak leaf clusters , French Croix de Guerre with Palm , and Belgian Croix de Guerre with Palm . He was rated a command pilot , combat and technical observer .
Vickers F . B . 11 The Vickers F . B . 11 was a prototype British three - seat escort fighter of the First World War . A large single - engined biplane , it carried one gunner in a nacelle mounted on the upper wing to give an all - round field of fire . Only a single example was completed . Development and design . In early 1916 , the British War Office drew up a specification for a multi - seat escort fighter to be powered by one of the new Rolls - Royce Eagle engines , intended to protect formations of bombers from German fighters such as the Fokker E . I , with an additional role of destroying enemy airship s . While the specification did not require high speed , a good field of fire for its guns was essential , while the secondary anti - Zeppelin role demanded an endurance of at least seven hours . Orders were placed for prototypes from Armstrong Whitworth ( the F . K . 6 ) , Sopwith ( the L . R . T . Tr . ) and Vickers . All three designs were driven by the need to provide wide fields of fire in the absence of an effective synchronisation gear that would allow safe firing of guns through the propeller disc . The Vickers response , the F . B . 11 , designed by R . L . Howard - Flanders , was a large , single - bay , biplane of tractor layout . Pilot and one gunner sat in separate but closely spaced cockpits under the trailing edge of the upper wing , while a second gunner sat in a nacelle , or " fighting top " , attached to , and extending forward of the upper wing . The Eagle engine was mounted in a clean cowling , with the radiator fitted behind the engine in the fuselage . Two prototypes were ordered , with the first flying in September – October 1916 , being tested at RNAS Eastchurch in November that year . It proved to have poor lateral control and performance , and was destroyed in a crash . The second prototype was not completed , and as effective synchronising gears were now available ( including Vickers own Vickers - Challenger gear ) , none of the escort fighters were developed further .
Static battle In a static battle , both sides suffer heavy casualties and battlefronts move so slowly that the result is " static " ( a lack of change ) . Movement is limited by the amount of casualties . Examples from history include : The Battle of Moyry Pass ( Nine Years ' War ) The Battle of the Somme ( World War I ) The Battle of Stalingrad ( World War II )
Jean - François Joseph Debelle Jean - François Joseph Debelle ( Voreppe , Isère , 22 May 1767 - Saint - Raphaël , of yellow fever , 15 June 1802 ) was a French general and soldier . He fought at the battle of Fleurus ( as a brevet général de brigade ) , headed the Armée d ' Italie ' s artillery in its retreat to France after the battle of Novi , and participated in the Saint - Domingue expedition , on which he died aged 34 of yellow fever . On 10 March his father was granted a pension of 1 , 500 francs , which passed to Debelle ' s widow on his death . Debelle ' s name is inscribed on the 6th column of the north pillar of the Arc de Triomphe . He was a friend and brother - in - law to general Lazare Hoche and the brother to general César Alexandre Debelle .
Uesugi Akisada Nagao Tamekage , rose up against him in 1510 with the help of Hōjō Sōun , seizing the province and killing Akisada . Sōun , with Tamekage ' s help , would go on to conquer some of Sagami Province , and become one of the most major figures of the Sengoku period ; Tamekage ' s son Uesugi Kenshin would likewise become a major warlord of the period , his rise with the Kantō as the center of his power base , as the result of Akisada ' s loss , a crucial element to his success .
CSS Chickamauga CSS Chickamauga , originally the blockade runner " Edith " , was purchased by the Confederate States Navy at Wilmington , North Carolina in September 1864 . In September , when she was nearly ready for sea , the Confederate Army sought unsuccessfully to retain her at that place for use as a troop and supply transport . On October 28 , 1864 , she put to sea under Lieutenant John Wilkinson , CSN , for a cruise north to the entrance of Long Island Sound , thence to St . George , Bermuda , for repairs and coal . She took several prizes before returning to Wilmington on November 19 . During the bombardment of Fort Fisher , December 24 – 25 , 1864 , a portion of " Chickamauga " ' s crew served the guns at the fort . Although not immediately engaged in defense of Fort Fisher , the ship rendered further aid in transporting ammunition . She lent support to the fort when it was bombarded again on January 15 , 1865 . After the evacuation of Wilmington , " Chickamauga " went up the Cape Fear River where she was burned to prevent capture on February 25 , 1865 . < br >
George Forrest ( VC ) George Forrest VC ( 1800 – 3 November 1859 ) was born St Michael ' s , Dublin and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Forrest was about 57 years old , and a lieutenant in the Bengal Veteran Establishment , Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 11 May 1857 at Delhi , India for which he was awarded the VC . Lieutenant Forrest was one of nine men who defended the Magazine for more than five hours against large numbers of rebels , until , on the wall being scaled and there being no hope of help , they fired the Magazine . Five of the defending band died in the explosion and one shortly afterwards , but many of the enemy were killed . See also John Buckley and William Raynor . His citation in the London Gazette reads : Forrest later achieved the rank of captain and died at Dehra Dun , India , on 3 November 1859 . References . Listed in order of publication year
USCGC Dogwood ( WAGL - 259 ) USCGC " Dogwood " ( WAGL - 259 / WLR - 259 ) was a 114 - foot river buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard . Constructed by the Dubuque Boat & Boiler Works Company in Dubuque , Iowa , she was commissioned in 1941 and served until 1989 . She was stationed at Vicksburg , Mississippi and later Pine Bluff , Arkansas . She had an active career , from tending ATON to escorting the NASA rocket barge " Palaemon " on three occasions and assisting in the cleanup operation along the gulf coast in the aftermath of Hurricane Betsy . The ship had three nicknames : " Dogfood " , " Divorce Boat " , " " The Dog " .