naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
United States Army Test and Evaluation Command U . S . Army Test and Evaluation Command , or ATEC , is a direct reporting unit of the United States Army responsible for developmental testing , independent operational testing , independent evaluations , assessments , and experiments of Army equipment . ATEC is located throughout the continental United States , Alaska , and Hawaii . Command headquarters is located at Aberdeen Proving Ground , Md . History . Consolidation of all Army developmental and operational testing commands was approved by the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army on Nov . 18 , 1998 . The decision led to the redesignation of the Operational Test and Evaluation Command to ATEC on Oct . 1 , 1999 . All major subordinate commands of OPTEC were redesignated as well with the Test and Evaluation command redesignated as the U . S . Army Developmental Test Command , Aberdeen Proving Ground ; the Test and Experimentation Command was redesignated the U . S . Army Operational Test Command , Fort Hood , Texas ; and the Operational Evaluation Command and the Evaluation Analysis Center were combined to form the new U . S . Army Evaluation Center located at Aberdeen Proving Ground . Operations . ATEC conducts testing for all branches of the military and maintains a large customer base that includes the National Security Agency , Joint Chiefs of Staff , allied foreign countries , and Congress . ATEC employs approximately 9 , 000 military , civilian and contract employees that are highly skilled test officers , engineers , scientists , technicians , researchers , and evaluators . ATEC is involved in more than 1 , 100 tests daily that encompass everything from individual weapons to National Missile Defense systems . The annual budget for the command is in excess of half a billion dollars .
USCGC Itasca ( 1907 ) The Itasca was a 190 - foot barquentine - rigged cutter , formerly a U . S . Navy training ship , the . The commissioning of " Itasca " ushered in a new age of training with more modern equipment , and a triple - expansion steam engine that could power the cutter when sailing was not possible .
Bitburg Airport Bitburg Airport ( ) is a commercial airport serving Bitburg , a city in the Rhineland - Palatinate state of Germany . It is located 2 miles ( 3 km ) southeast of Bitburg , 20 miles ( 32 km ) north of Trier , and 135 miles ( 217 km ) west of Wiesbaden . History . Prior to its current civilian usage , Bitburg Air Base ( 1952 – 1994 ) was a front - line NATO base during the Cold War . It was the home of the United States Air Force ' s 36th Fighter Wing for over 40 years as part of the United States Air Forces in Europe . With the end of the Cold War it was no longer needed as a military base and it was turned over to the German government on 1 October 1994 . Between June and September 1997 it was necessary to repair the Spangdahlem Air Base runway , called for a temporary location to accommodate the 52d Fighter Wing ' s three squadrons of F - 15s and F - 16s . Bitburg Airport was the most logical place — only 10 miles ( 16 km ) down the road . The USAF departed for the second time in September 1997 , and Bitburg Airport was returned to the civil aircraft which now call it home . On September 15 , 2008 , the Ministry of Transport of Rhineland - Palatinate granted the airport contractor landing rights for aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of more than 14 tonnes , and the use of IFR traffic rules upon arrival and departure . The airport contracting company is currently evaluating plans to develop the airport into a regional freight airport . Airlines and destinations . There are currently no scheduled services to and from Bitburg Airport .
George Medal The George Medal ( GM ) is the second level civil decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth . The GM was instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI . The medal is presented to those performing acts of bravery in , or meriting recognition by , the United Kingdom . History . In 1940 , during the height of The Blitz , there was a strong desire to reward the many acts of civilian courage . The existing awards open to civilians were not judged suitable to meet the new situation , therefore it was decided that the George Cross and the GM would be instituted to recognise both civilian gallantry in the face of enemy action and brave deeds more generally . Announcing the new award , the King said : The Warrant for the GM ( along with that of the GC ) , dated 24 January 1941 , was published in the " London Gazette " on 31 January 1941 . The first award was to Patrick King of Shiremoor , Northumberland , an air - raid warden who rescued a blind woman from a house during an air - raid . Criteria . The medal is granted in recognition of " " acts of great bravery " . " The original Warrant for the George Medal did not permit it to be awarded posthumously . This was changed in November 1977 to allow posthumous awards , several of which have been subsequently made . The medal is primarily a civilian award , but it may be awarded to military personnel for gallant conduct that is not in the face of the enemy . As the Warrant states : Bars are awarded to the GM in recognition of the performance of further acts of bravery meriting the award . In undress uniform or on occasions when the medal ribbon alone is worn , a silver rosette is worn on the ribbon to indicate each bar . Recipients are entitled to the postnominal letters GM . The details of all awards to British and Commonwealth recipients are published in the " London Gazette " . Approximately 2 , 122 medals have been awarded since its inception in 1940 . Description . The GM is a circular silver medal . The obverse depicts the crowned effigy of the reigning monarch . The reverse shows St . George on horseback slaying the dragon on the coast of England , with the legend " THE GEORGE MEDAL " around the top edge of the medal . The ribbon is 32mm , crimson with five narrow blue stripes . The blue colour is taken from the George Cross ribbon .
Curtiss Robin The Curtiss Robin , introduced in 1928 , was a high - wing monoplane with a 90 hp ( 67 kW ) V8 OX - 5 8 - cylinder engine built by the Curtiss - Robertson Airplane Manufacturing Company . It was later fitted with the more powerful Challenger engine , which developed between 170 and 185 hp ( 127 and 138 kW ) . NOTE : Model B ( 90 hp / 67 kW Curtiss OX - 5 engine ) , Model C - 1 ( 185 hp / 138 kW Curtiss Challenger engine ) , and Model J - 1 ( 165 hp / 123 kW Wright J - 6 Whirlwind 5 engine ) The J - 1 version was flown by Douglas Corrigan ( nicknamed " Wrongway " ) as well as The Flying Keys . Design . The Robin , a workmanlike cabin monoplane had a wooden wing and steel tubing fuselage . The cabin accommodated three persons ; two passengers were seated side - by - side behind the pilot . Early Robins were distinguished by large flat fairings over the parallel diagonal wing bracing struts ; the fairings were abandoned on later versions , having been found to be ineffective in creating lift . The original landing gear were bungee rubber cord shock absorbers , later replaced by an oleo - pneumatic system ; a number of Robins had twin floats added . The plane ' s payload with 50 gal ( 189 l ) of fuel was 452 lb ( 205 kg ) ; it had a cruising speed of , a landing speed of , a gas capacity of 50 gal / 189 l ( 25 gal / 95 l in each wing tank ) , its oil capacity was . The aircraft ' s price at the factory field was $ 7 , 500 . Operational history . A single modified Robin ( with a Warner R - 420 - 1 ) was used by the United States Army Air Corps , and designated the XC - 10 . This aircraft was used in a test program for radio - controlled ( and unmanned ) flight . Cuba ' s national airline , Compañía Nacional Cubana de Aviación Curtiss , was founded in 1929 with Curtiss Aircraft serving as its co - founder and major investor . The airline ' s first aircraft was a Curtiss Robin ; it flew domestic routes as a mail and passenger transport . From September 1929 to May 1930 , a Robin C - 1 was used to deliver the McCook , Nebraska " Daily Gazette " to communities in rural Nebraska and Kansas . The airplane flew a nonstop route of daily , dropping bundles of newspapers from a height of to local carriers . A Curtiss Robin C was purchased by the Paraguayan government in 1932 for the Transport Squadron of its Air Arm . It was intensively used as a VIP transport plane and air ambulance during the Chaco War ( 1923 – 1935 ) .
44th Army The 44th Army ( ) of the Soviet Union ' s Red Army was an army - level command active during World War II . Initially part of the Transcaucasian Front , its main actions included the Anglo - Soviet invasion of Iran and the Kerch amphibious landings ( both in 1941 ) , before being transferred to the Southern Front on 6 February 1943 . There it took part in the Rostov , Donbas and Melitopol offensives . Here is the Soviet OOB for the 25th of August 1941 : 44th Army ( Major General A . A . Khaldejev )
Battle of Roslin The Battle of Roslin was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence , taking place on 24 February 1303 at Roslin , Scotland . It is the subject of an extremely highly - coloured account written by Walter Bower in the mid - 15th century which bears no relationship to the contemporary evidence . The battlefield is currently under research to be inventoried and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009 . It was not the normal practice to assemble extensive forces in winter due to the difficulties of keeping men and horses fed and the challenge of finding enough billets to accommodate anything more than a few hundred people . Neither the English nor the Scots raised large armies in February 1303 , but both sides conducted operations with fairly small numbers of men - at - arms ( heavy cavalry ) throughout the winter months in most years . Despite the unsupported claims of Walter Bower , there is no evidence of any kind to indicate that Roslin was a battle between large armies , but contemporary material from chronicle and record sources indicate a clash between relatively modest forces of men - at - arms ; the sort of action that was absolutely typical of Scottish - English warfare in the late 13th and early 14th centuries . It would seem that there were at least two and possibly three separate actions resulting in a clear victory for the Scots . The Scottish historian John of Fordun wrote this description of the battle : " There never was so desperate a struggle , or one in which the stoutness of knightly prowess shone forth so brightly . The commander and leader in this struggle was John Comyn , the son . . . John Comyn , then guardian of Scotland , and Simon Fraser with their followers , day and night , did their best to harass and to annoy , by their general prowess , the aforesaid kings officers and bailiffs . . . the aforesaid John Comyn and Simon , with their abettors , hearing of their arrival at Rosslyn and wishing to steal a march rather than have one stolen upon them , came briskly through from Biggar to Rosslyn , in one night , with some chosen men , who chose rather death before unworthy subjection to the English nation ; and all of a sudden they fearlessly fell upon the enemy . " William Wallace also participated in this battle through the use of guerilla warfare . A . D . M . Barrell , Medieval Scotland , ( Cambridge University Press ) , 200
Henry William Pitcher Henry William Pitcher VC ( 20 December 1841 – 5 July 1875 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Pitcher was born at Kamptee in British India , the second son of Vincent Pitcher and Rose Mary le Geyt , daughter of Admiral George le Geyt . His elder brother Colonel Duncan George Pitcher also served in India . He was about 22 years old , and a lieutenant in the Bengal Staff Corps , 4th Punjab Infantry , British Indian Army during the Umbeyla Campaign . On 30 October 1863 in North - West India , Lieutenant Pitcher led a party to recapture the Crag Picquet after its garrison had been driven in by the enemy and sixty of them killed . He led the party up the narrow path to the last rock until he was knocked down and stunned by a large stone thrown from above . On 16 November , the lieutenant displayed great courage in leading a party to the Crag Picquet when it had again fallen into enemy hands . He led the first charge , but was wounded in the action . For this deed he was awarded the Victoria Cross . He later achieved the rank of captain and died of heatstroke , while serving with the 1st Punjab Infantry , on 5 July 1875 at Dehra Ghazi Khan . His VC is on display in Jersey Museum .
USS Idalis ( SP - 270 ) USS " Idalis " ( SP - 270 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 . " Idalis " was built as a civilian motor yacht in 1908 by the Gas Engine and Power Company at Morris Heights in the Bronx , New York . Sources differ as to her original name ; she either was built as " Idalis " and later was renamed " Amalia IV " , or was built as " Amalia IV " and later renamed " Idalis " . The U . S . Navy purchased her from her owner , Carl Reinschild of New York City , in June 1917 for World War I service . She was commissioned on 25 August 1917 as USS " Idalis " ( SP - 270 ) - - that name representing the Navy either retaining her existing name or reverting her from " Amalia IV " to her previous name — with Lieutenant G . C . Fry , USNRF , in command Assigned to the 3rd Naval District , " Idalis " served as a patrol craft in Long Island Sound and as training ship for officers at the Naval Reserve Training School Pelham Bay Park at Pelham Bay Park , New York , until the close of World War I . " Idalis " was returned to Reinschild on 22 March 1919 .
Battle of Padmanabham The Battle of Padmanabha occurred in Padmanabham , Visakhapatnam district ( modern Andhra Pradesh , India ) , on 10 July 1794 . This battle occurred between the provincial raja of Vijayanagar and Colonel Pendargast , on behalf of the British Governor of Madras , John Andrews . Chinna Vijayaramaraju died in the war . As a consequence of the war , Vizianagaram became entirely under British rule . The causes of war . By 1768 , the tribal areas such as Parlakimidi , Ganjam , Mohiri , Gunsuru , and Pratapagiri were under 20 jamindar s . They owned 34 of their forts and roughly 35 , 000 army troops . Many of these had been jamindars who revolted against the English . Some of the castles were located in the hills above the manyam . Therefore , the defeated rebel jamindars had retreated to the fortress . After the death of Ananda Gajapatiraju , Vijayaramaraju became jamindar of the Vizianagaram area . As a boy , Sitaramarajunu appointed divan , the son of his stepmother . At a younger age , Vijayaramarajuku removed Sitaramarajunu from Diwan . Diwan was angry with this , so he formed a friendship with the English . During the period between 1759 – 68 , Vijayaramaraju ruled as tyrant and captured a number of their areas in Ganjam and Visakhapatnam by defeating jamindars and putting them in jail . The British attempted to increase payment of peska s from Vijayanagara jamindaru to reduce the strength of his army and collect his dues of 8 , 50 , 000 peskas . Although he proved that he had no dues , the British had captured Vijayanagara on August 2 , 1793 . The farmers refused to pay for the Kingdom Hearts . So British ordered that Vijayaramarajunu must go to macilipatm by the pension of Rs 1200 per month . However , Vijayaramarajunu refused the orders and he went to Padmanabham between the Bhimunipatnam and Vizianagaram . The British troops defeated and killed Cinavijayaramarajunu in the battle . Aftermath . After the death of Vijayaramaraju , his son Narayanababu found shelter in search of Makkuva village . The konda dora s and sardar s supported him . In the end , he compromised with the British , and agreed to pay 5 million peska s . After the Brits occupied Vijayanagaraville , they liberally PBR ' ed Jamindarulaku whom was trapped in his mom . They renewed the zamindar s lands and deprived them of their unique venture . By 1802 , they implemented the permanent tax system for zamins .
Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group is a United States government interagency group , which tasked with locating , identifying , inventorying , and recommending for declassification classified U . S . records relating to Nazi and Japanese war crimes . The group was created after the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act 1998 ( PL 105 - 246 ) . Since 1999 , the Interagency Working Group ( IWG ) has declassified and opened to the public an estimated 8 million pages of documents , including 1 . 2 million pages of Office of Strategic Services records ; 50 , 000 pages of Central Intelligence Agency name and subject files ; more than 350 , 000 pages of Federal Bureau of Investigation subject files ; and nearly 300 , 000 pages of Army intelligence files . The IWG has issued two reports to the Congress of the United States ( in October 1999 and March 2002 ) , and it issues news releases and occasional newsletters . On March 25 , 2005 , President George W . Bush signed into law legislation pushing back the group ' s sunset date to March 2007 . The members of the group are appointed by the President . Current membership is :
SS Clan Mackenzie ( 1942 ) Clan Mackenzie was a 7 , 039 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1942 for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) as Empire Cato . In 1948 she was sold to Clan Line and renamed " Clan Mackenzie " , serving until 1960 when she was scrapped . Description . The ship was built by William Gray & Co . Ltd . , West Hartlepool . She was launched on 10 November 1942 and completed in December . The ship was long , with a beam of and a depth of . She had a GRT of 7 , 039 and a NRT of 4 , 851 . She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke . The engine was built by the Central Marine Engine Works , West Hartlepool . History . " Empire Castle " was built for the MoWT . She was placed under the management of the Hain Steamship Co Ltd . She was allocated the United Kingdom Official Number 168949 . The Code Letters BFLC were allocated and her port of registry was West Hartlepool . " Empire Cato " was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War . Convoy ON 169 departed Liverpool on 22 February 1943 and arrived at New York on 21 March . " Empire Cato " was in ballast . Convoy KMS 58G detached from Convoy OS 84 on 1 August 1944 . Convoy OS 84 had departed from Liverpool on 21 July and arrived at Freetown , Sierra Leone on 10 August . " Empire Cato " was towing LCT " 1319 " and LCT " 7020 " , bound for Augusta , Italy . Convoy KMS 90 detached from Convoy OS 116 . Convoy OS 116 had departed from Liverpool on 13 March 1945 . Convoy KMS 90 arrived at Gibraltar on 21 March . In 1948 , " Empire Cato " was sold to Clan Line Steamers Ltd and renamed " Clan Mackenzie " . She was the fourth Clan Line ship to bear that name . " Clan Mackenzie " served until 1960 . She arrived at Hong Kong on 14 October 1960 for scrapping .
Murray Mason Murray Mason ( 4 January 1808 – 11 January 1875 ) was an American military officer . Mason was a grandson of George Mason , author of the Virginia Bill of Rights and Founding Father of the United States . Early life . Mason and his twin brother , Maynadier Mason ( died April 1865 ) , were born on 4 January 1808 in Georgetown , District of Columbia . Mason was a son of prominent businessman John Mason and his wife Anna Maria Murray . His older brother was James Murray Mason , a United States Representative and United States Senator from Virginia . Military career . Prior to 1861 , Mason was employed by the United States Navy and served as a captain . Between 1861 and 1865 , Mason served as a lieutenant in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War . Marriage and children . Mason married Clara Cecilia Forsyth , daughter of John Forsyth , 13th United States Secretary of State , on 7 December 1837 . Mason and his wife had four children : The Mason family resided at their Chestnut Hill estate in Fairfax County , Virginia . Death . Mason died on 11 January 1875 in Alexandria , Virginia at age 67 . His body was interred at Christ Church Cemetery in Alexandria .
Hardenstein Castle Hardenstein Castle ( ) is a ruined castle in North Rhine - Westphalia , Germany . The remains lie east of Herbede on the Ruhr River , surrounded by mountains , and are not easily accessible . Nearby ruins show that the castle was once part of an important mining centre , probably dating to the Middle Ages ; the earliest records , from the 16th century , support this . The castle features in the legend of the Nibelung s . The castle ' s association with mining led to a legend that King Goldemar , a dwarf or kobold , dwelled there . One version of the story , recorded by Thomas Keightley in 1850 , says that King Goldemar lived with Neveling von Hardenberg at the castle . For three years , he brought the inhabitants good luck until a curious man tried to see his footprints by casting tares and ashes about . Goldemar cut the man up , roasted his body , boiled his head and legs , and ate him . He was gone the next day , vowing through a note that the house would be as unlucky as it had been lucky while he lived there .
Battery B , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery Battery B , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was a heavy artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The Battery B , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery was initially organized in Providence , Rhode Island as the 3rd Rhode Island Infantry in August 1861 . It was officially changed to heavy artillery on December 19 , 1861 at Hilton Head , South Carolina . The battery was attached to Sherman ' s Expeditionary Corps to April 1862 . 3rd Brigade , 1st Division , Department of the South , to July 1862 . U . S . Forces , Hilton Head , South Carolina , Department of the South to September 1862 . U . S . Forces , Hilton Head , South Carolina , X Corps , Department of the South , to July 1863 . U . S . Forces , Morris Island , South Carolina , X Corps , Department of the South , to March 1864 . District of Hilton Head , South Carolina , Department of the South , to October 1864 . Morris Island , South Carolina , Northern District , Department of the South , 1st Separate Brigade to August 1865 . Battery B , 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery mustered out of service August 27 , 1865 . Detailed service . Duty at Hilton Head , S . C . , until February 1862 . Operations against Fort Pulaski , Ga . , February 21 - April 10 . Bombardment and capture of Fort Pulaski April 9 – 10 . At Hilton Head until May 23 . Moved to Edisto Island , S . C . , May 23 . Operations on James Island , S . C . , June 1 – 28 . Action on James Island June 10 . Battle of Secessionville June 16 . Moved to Hilton Head S . C . , June 28 - July 1 , and duty there until July 1863 . Assaults on Fort Wagner , Morris Island , July 11 and 18 . Siege of Fort Wagner , Morris Island , July 18 - September 7 . Capture of Forts Wagner and Gregg September 7 . Operations against Fort Sumter and Charleston until March 1864 . Duty at Hilton Head , S . C . , until October 1864 . Operations against Charleston from Morris Island , S . C . , until February 1865 . Duty at Sullivan ' s Island , S . C . , and in the Department of South Carolina until August . Casualties . Individual battery losses are not available , but the regiment ' s losses ( all 12 batteries ) are reported as a total of 135 men during service ; 2 officers and 39 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 4 officers and 90 enlisted men died of disease .