naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
R - 13 ( missile ) The R - 13 was a submarine - launched ballistic missile ( SLBM ) developed by the Soviet Union starting around 1955 . It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS - N - 4 Sark and carried the GRAU index 4K50 . History . Development of the R - 13 was authorised by the Soviet Supreme Council on 25 July 1955 for use on the Project 629 and Project 658 submarines . The design work was started by OKB - 1 under Sergei Korolev before being transferred to CB Miasskoe engineering / Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau ( chief designer - Viktor Makeyev ) . Final technical specifications was approved by 11 January 1956 . Serial production was undertaken at Zlatoust Machinery Plant in 1959 . The R - 13 was a single - stage liquid - fuel rocket and entered service in 1961 . This missile was somewhat similar in design to the R - 11FM missile , which caused some confusion in Western intelligence service s during the Cold War . The missiles were phased out from 1965 to 1975 . This missile was the first Soviet design to use a small set of rocket engines to perform course and trajectory alterations instead of aerodynamic control surface s , although a set of four stabilizer s were used to keep the missile on - course during initial flight . During initial testing before the missiles were deployed , 26 of 32 missiles ( 81 % ) were successfully launched . While the systems were deployed from 1961 to 1975 , 225 of 311 launches ( 72 % ) were successful .
Special Republican Guard ( Iraq ) The Iraqi Special Republican Guard ( SRG ) ( ) , also known as the Special Forces Brigade of the Presidential Palace , Republican Guard Special Protection Forces , or the Golden Division , was an Iraqi praetorian guard that were an extension of the previous Iraqi royal guard , Which took its new name after the revolution of February 1963 , The Special Republican Guard along with the Republican Guard were controlled by the same office , which was the command of republican guard office headed by Hussein Kamel Hassan Abdel - majid , After the 1991 Gulf War the charge for the republican guard which commanded the Republican guard & Special Republican Guard , and charged with protecting President Saddam Hussein , presidential sites , Baghdad , and responding to any rebellion , coup , or other threat to his power . The special Republican guard held a special status in the iraqi army , being mostly ex - republican guard veterans , they are given extensive training and armed with the most modern equipment in Iraq ' s inventory , in 2001 , the Special republican guard was Re - formed and several branches were disbanded ( It previously possessed more then 4 Combat brigades and armoured formations ) and it was reduced into a number of infantry brigades and guard regiments and the Special Republican Guard tank battalion , special republican guards did not possess any specific or special insignias or symbols but were still easily identifiable by the uniforms of its members wearing khaki / dark green uniforms with Red / Orange shoes and special Identification cards retaining them the right to possess a firearm in special facilities or offices ( particularly officers ) , most of its members wore Red or Maroon berets , but the Majority wore black berets , after the Occupation of Iraq the Special republican guard were disbanded by the order of The last special republican guard commander was Brigadier general ( عميد ) Barzan Abdul - ghafor ( Brother of Major general Rokan Abdul - ghafor , one of the private Companions of Saddam Hussein ) , The Special Republican Guard was officially dissolved on May 23 , 2003 per CPA Order Number 2 in the wake of the 2003 invasion of Iraq . Former members of the Special Republican Guard are suspected of carrying out insurgent attacks on coalition forces in Iraq , but also seem to form the cadre around which the various Sons of Iraq or Anbar Awakening home guard militias , funded , trained , equipped and operating alongside American forces are composed of . Structure . The SRG had 13 or 14 battalions and ranged in troop strength from 15 , 000 to 26 , 000 . This may have fallen to 12 , 000 by 2002 . Further reading .
Elizabeth Lawrie Smellie Elizabeth Lawrie Smellie RRC ( March 22 , 1884 – March 5 , 1968 ) was a Canadian nurse , and the first woman to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the Canadian army . She was born at Port Arthur , Ontario , to Dr . Thomas Stuart Traill Smellie , Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for Fort William and Lake of the Woods from 1905 - 1911 , and Janet Eleanor Lawrie . She trained at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing in Baltimore , Maryland . To her family and friends , she was known as " Beth " . During World War I , she was posted at Cliveden , Lady Astor ' s estate , and became matron of the Moore Barracks Hospital at Shorncliffe Army Camp where thousands of Canadian soldiers were treated . In 1917 she was decorated by King George V at Buckingham Palace with the first class Royal Red Cross . After further post - war training in Boston , she taught public health nursing for two years at McGill University , Montreal . She was Chief Superintendent of the Victorian Order of Nurses from 1924 to May 1947 , except during World War II , when she was called back into the Canadian army as Colonel and Matron - in - chief of the Canadian Women ' s Army Medical Corps from 1940 until 1944 . She was the first woman to achieve the rank of colonel in the Canadian army . A portrait of Colonel Smellie , painted by Kenneth Forbes , was unveiled by her successor in Ottawa in 1944 . Elizabeth Smellie was made a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1934 again from the hands of King George V . She died in Toronto in 1968 age 83 and is buried in Riverside cemetery , Thunder Bay , Ontario . Plaque . " This celebrated Canadian army nurse and public health authority was born in Port Arthur , Ontario . In 1901 " Beth " Smellie became night supervisor at McKellar General Hospital . Joining the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps in 1915 , she served in France and England . Elizabeth Smellie was demobilized in 1920 and three years later became Chief Superintendent of the Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada . She re - entered the army in 1940 and a year later supervised the organization of the Canadian Women ' s Army Corps . The first woman to attain the rank of Colonel in Canada ' s Armed Forces , Col . Smellie achieved many honours , including Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire and the Royal Red Cross Medal . After World War II she returned to the V . O . N . , and retired in 1947 . "
352d Bombardment Squadron The 353d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last was assigned to the 301st Bombardment Group , stationed at Lockbourne Air Force Base , Ohio . It was inactivated on 16 June 1952 . History . Established as a B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment squadron in early 1942 ; trained under Second Air Force . Flew antisubmarine patrols off the California coast from late May to early June 1942 , then over the Mid - Atlantic coast during June – July 1942 . Deployed to European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) in August 1942 , being assigned to VIII Bomber Command , one of the first B - 17 heavy bomb squadrons assigned to England . Engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe attacking enemy military and industrial targets . Reassigned to Mediterranean Theater of Operations ( MTO ) as part of Operation Torch invasion of North Africa . Assigned to Twelfth Air Force and operated from desert airfields in Algeria and Tunisia during North African and Tunisian campaign . Assigned to Northwest African Strategic Air Force during Invasion of Sicily and later Italy in 1943 . Allocated to Fifteenth Air Force for strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe . Attacked enemy targets primarily in the Balkans ; Southern France ; Southern Germany and Austria from southern Italy ; engaged in shuttle bombing missions to airfields in the Soviet Union during the summer of 1944 . Personnel largely demobilized after German capitulation in May 1945 ; squadron reassigned to the United States and was programmed for conversion to B - 29 Superfortress operations and deployment to Pacific Theater , plans canceled after Japanese capitulation in August 1945 . Aircraft sent to storage and unit inactivated largely as a paper unit in October 1945 . Reactivated in 1946 as a Strategic Air Command B - 29 strategic bombardment squadron . Deployed to Furstenfeldbruck AB , Germany , July – August 1948 ; to RAF Station Scrampton , England , October 1948 - January 1949 ; and to RAF Stations Lakenheath and Sculthorpe , May – November 1950 for " show of force " missions in Europe as a result of the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union and rising Cold War tensions in Europe . Squadron deployed to Far East Air Forces in February 1951 , flying combat missions over North Korea ; attacking strategic industrial and military targets during the Korean War . Returned to the United States in June 1952 and inactivated with the phaseout of the B - 29 as a combat aircraft from the inventory .
Theodor Haker Theodor Haker ( 29 December 1920 – 28 July 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he flew 900 + missions . Theodor Haker was shot down on 25 July 1944 by American P - 51 fighters and was killed by Polish partisans on 28 July 1944 .
Cité de Carcassonne The Cité de Carcassonne is a medieval citadel located in the French city of Carcassonne , in the department of Aude , Languedoc - Roussillon region . It is located on a hill on the right bank of the River Aude , in the south - east part of the city proper . It was the historic city of Carcassonne and features on the emblem of local rugby league team AS Carcassonne . Founded during the Gallo - Roman period , the citadel derives its reputation from its long double surrounding walls interpersed by 52 towers . The town has about 2 , 500 years of history and has seen the Romans , Visigoths , Saracens and Crusaders . At the beginning of its history it was a Gaulish settlement then in the 3rd century A . D . , the Romans decided to transform it into a fortified town . The town was finally annexed to the kingdom of France in 1247 A . D . It provided a strong French frontier between France and the Crown of Aragon . In 1659 , after the Treaty of the Pyrenees , the province of Roussillon became a part of France , and the town lost its military significance . Fortifications were abandoned and the town became one of the economic centres of France , concentrating on the woollen textile industry . In 1849 the French government decided that the city fortifications should be demolished . This decision was strongly opposed by the local people . Jean - Pierre Cros - Mayrevieille and Prosper Mérimée , an eminent archaeologist and historian , led a campaign to preserve the fortress as an historical monument . The government later reversed its decision and in 1853 restoration work began . Eugène Viollet - le - Duc , the architect , was charged with renovating the fortress . Viollet - le - Duc ' s work was criticised during his lifetime as inappropriate to the climate and traditions of the region . After his death in 1879 , the restoration work was continued by his pupil , Paul Boeswillwald , and later by the architect Nodet . The citadel was restored at the end of the 19th century and in 1997 it was added to UNESCO ' s list of World Heritage Sites .
Carlos Lacoste Carlos Alberto Lacoste ( 1929 – 2004 ) was an Argentine navy vice - admiral and politician who briefly served as interim President of Argentina . Earlier years . In addition to a naval career , Lacoste undertook the organization of the 1978 FIFA World Cup , hosted by Argentina . Interim President of Argentina . In December 1981 the then head of state General Roberto Viola was ousted in a " coup d ' état " . Lacoste served as interim President of Argentina from December 11 to December 22 , 1981 , during a period of military rule . He was succeeded in the presidential office by Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri . Later years . After the military government , he preserved his connections with football associations , becoming a South American representative in FIFA , and in 1986 he was assigned as Argentine supervisor in the drawing of the that year ' s World Cup matches in Mexico , which was eventually won by Argentina . Death . He died in 2004 .
Fuji LM - 1 Nikko The Fuji LM - 1 Nikko is a Japanese light communications aircraft of the 1950s . Development . Fuji Heavy Industries built 176 Beech T - 34 Mentor two - seat training aircraft under licence in the early 1950s . Fuji then redesigned the basic Mentor as a four - seat communications aircraft under the designation LM - 1 . A new lengthened centre fuselage was added to the Mentor ' s wing , undercarriage and tail assembly . 27 LM - 1s were produced during 1955 / 56 . Operational history . The LM - 1s were delivered to the Japanese Air Self - Defense Force ( JASDF ) and were used for communications and general duties . After withdrawal from operation , several LM - 1s were sold on the U . S . civil market and are flown by civil pilots as " warbirds " . Variants . LM - 1 : four - seat communications aircraft with 225 h . p . ( 168 kW ) Continental engine ( 27 built ) LM - 2 : higher - powered version with 340 h . p . ( 254 kW ) Lycoming engine ( 2 built )
67th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 67th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 22nd Division and served on the Western Front and the Macedonian Front during the First World War .
James Reed Hallowell James Reed Hallowell ( December 27 , 1841 – June 24 , 1898 ) was a politician from Kansas . Hallowell grew up in Columbus , Kansas . Hallowell served in the Kansas House of Representatives in 1876 and then served in the Kansas State Senate 1877 and 1879 . He won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1878 as a Republican , but Congress refused to seat him , because Kansas was only entitled to three seats in the House . Hallowell went to DePauw University ; then he enlisted in the 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment and fought in the American Civil War . After the war , Hallowell moved to Cherokee County , Kansas where he practiced law and was the United States Attorney . He died in Crawfordsville , Indiana .
Mikhail Ilyich Surkov Mikhail Ilyich Surkov ( ) was a Soviet sniper in the 4th Rifle Division of the Red Army during World War II . He was a Siberian from a Krasnoyarsk family of hunters and trackers . According to Soviet sources , Surkov had 702 confirmed kills during World War II , a total which would make him the most effective sniper of the European conflict .
USS Westerner ( ID - 2890 ) USS " Westerner " ( ID - 2890 ) was a cargo ship of the United States Navy that served during World War I and its immediate aftermath . Construction and acquisition . " Westerner " was laid down as the steel - hulled , single - screw Design 1013 commercial cargo ship SS " Westerner " by J . F . Duthie and Company in Seattle , Washington , for the United States Shipping Board . She was launched on 4 November 1917 and completed early in 1918 . She then steamed to the United States East Coast , where she was transferred to the U . S . Navy on 20 June 1918 at Norfolk , Virginia , assigned the naval registry identification number 2890 , and commissioned the same day as USS " Westerner " ( ID - 2890 ) under the command of Lieutenant Commander Henry W . Lyon , Jr . Navy career . Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service ( NOTS ) , " Westerner " departed Norfolk on 10 July 1918 carrying a cargo of United States Army supplies and steamed to New York City . She departed New York on 24 July 1918 as part of a convoy bound for France . She developed engine trouble , forcing her to spend three days at Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada , before resuming her voyage to France . She arrived at Brest , France , on 17 August 1918 , then moved to St . Nazaire to discharge her cargo . " Westerner " departed St . Nazaire on 22 September 1918 and made port at Norfolk on 10 October 1918 , where she loaded another cargo of U . S . Army supplies . She subsequently conducted three additional cargo - carrying voyages under the control of NOTS : two to La Pallice , France ( on one occasion lifting supplies consigned to the French government ) , and one to Trieste , Italy , via Gibraltar . After her final NOTS voyage , " Westerner " made port at New York City on 6 August 1919 . Decommissioning and disposal . Decommissioned on 21 August 1919 , " Westerner " was simultaneously struck from the Navy list and transferred back to the U . S . Shipping Board . Later career . Once again SS " Westerner " , the ship operated commercially under Shipping Board control until laid up in the late 1920s . After that , she never returned to service and was abandoned due to age and deterioration in either late 1932 or early 1933 .
Tumansky M - 90 The Tumansky M - 90 was a prototype Soviet radial engine designed before World War II . It proved unreliable and incapable of reaching its designed output and was cancelled in 1944 . Development . The M - 90 began development in the spring of 1939 under the leadership of S . K . Tumansky as a coupled version of the 9 - cylinder Gnome - Rhône 9K , which was built under license as the M - 75 . Later , possibly after E . V . Urmin assumed leadership of the project , the cylinder - piston group of the Tumansky M - 88 was adopted , although the cylinder ribbing area was increased . The layout of the engine was completed by 15 August 1939 and the engineering drawing by 15 October . The first prototype began bench tests on 29 November 1939 . A total of five prototypes were built in 1939 and another five in 1940 . They could not reach the engine ' s specified power output and suffered from broken crankshafts , pinion shaft s and crankcase covers . Production had been planned to begin in 1941 , but this was postponed while further development work continued . More prototypes were built between 1941 and 1943 and the engine began its State acceptance tests in December 1943 . It failed the tests and was cancelled in early 1944 .
Granatnik wz . 36 The Granatnik wz . 36 was a Polish grenade launcher designed in originally in 1927 as " wz . 30 " and later modified in 1936 . It entered service in 1936 becoming the standard grenade launcher of the Polish Army ; it was still in use during the German invasion of Poland in 1939 . The wz . 30 had a maximum range of 700 meters ; this was increased to 800 meters in the wz . 36 . They both fired the same 46 mm shell , weighting 0 . 76 kg . About 3 , 850 of these 46 mm mortars were produced by 1939 . Typically 81 such mortars were distributed to each Polish infantry division — three per company .
Japanese submarine Ro - 106 Ro - 106 was a Japanese which saw service during World War II in the Imperial Japanese Navy . Laid down at the Kure Naval Arsenal on 17 December 1941 , launched on 30 May 1942 and completed on 26 December 1942 , She torpedoed and sunk off the Solomon Islands on 18 July 1943 . " Ro - 106 " was sunk by on 22 May 1944 , north of the Admiralty Islands at .
Senior Officers ' School The Senior Officers ' School is a British military establishment established in 1920 for the training of Commonwealth senior officers of all services in inter - service cooperation . It was established as part of a wider attempt by the Army to create a coherent training plan for its officers . The School was originally intended for senior majors of the British Army who aspired to regimental command and to ensure that all such candidates received suitable training . It was taken as an affront by some senior officers of the day , who resented the implication - true in some cases - that they were incapable of delivering the necessary training . The School attempted to widen officers ' outlook by including in its syllabus subjects that were not immediately military but led to an appreciation of the wider political , geographical and technological environment in which the Army woul operate . The School was originally based at Woking but in the 1920s , it was transferred to Sheerness . There was also a parallel establishment at Belgaum in India .
1976 Argentine coup d ' état The 1976 Argentine coup was a right - wing coup d ' état that overthrew Isabel Perón on 24 March 1976 , in Argentina . In her place , a military junta was installed , which was headed by General Jorge Rafael Videla , Admiral Emilio Eduardo Massera and Brigadier - General Orlando Ramón Agosti . The junta took the official name of " National Reorganization Process , " and remained in power until 1983 . Although political repression ( the so - called " Dirty War " ) began long before the coup , it was heavily extended after the event and resulted in the " disappearances " of between around 9 . 300 and 30 . 000 persons , depending on sources . While the coup had been planned since October 1975 , the United States Department of State learned of the preparations just two months before . Preludes . President Juan Domingo Perón died on 1 July 1974 . He was succeeded by his wife , María Estela Martínez de Perón , nicknamed " Isabelita " , who proved incapable of controlling the rapidly deteriorating political and social situation . . In 1975 , Operativo Independencia was launched , a Vietnam - style intervention aiming to annihilate the guerrilla strongholds in the Tucumán jungle . That same year , the country was subdivided in five militare zones , with each commander given full autonomy to unleash a carefully planned wave of repression . By January 1976 , Argentina ' s fate was sealed . The military was biding its time , enjoying the support of the United States and the Argentine elite , and the threat of another coup was poking its head higher . Isabel was delaying the inevitable . The Coup . Shortly after 01 : 00 am President Martínez de Perón was detained and taken by helicopter to the El Messidor residence . At 03 : 10 all television and radio stations were occupied . Regular transmissions were cut and replaced by a military march , after which the first communique was aired : " People are advised that from the date , the country is under the operational control of the Joint Chiefs General of the Armed Forces . We recommend to all inhabitants the strict compliance of the provisions and directives emanating from the military , security or police authorities , and to be extremely careful to avoid individual or group actions and attitudes that may require drastic intervention from the operating staff . Signed : General Jorge Rafael Videla , Admiral Emilio Eduardo Massera and Brigadier Orlando Ramón Agosti . " The population received the M - 113s surrounding Casa Rosada , jeeps patrolling every major city , state of siege , and martial law with relief and indifference . The morning was apparently uneventful , but as the day progressed the detentions multiplied . Hundreds of workers , gremialists , students and political activists were abducted from their homes , workplaces or in the street . March 24 is now designated the Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice .