naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
98th Paratroopers Division ( IDF ) The Israel Defense Forces 98th Paratroopers Division , also known as the Fire Formation ( , " Utzbat HaEsh " ) , is a reserve - service infantry division in the Israeli Defense Forces . It is subordinate to the Central Regional Command .
Battle of Richmond Hill The Battle of Richmond Hill also known as the Battle of the Hawkesbury , was a major battle of the Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars which was fought between the native Darug people and the New South Wales Corps which also included several armed settlers . It is considered to be the first recorded battle between Aboriginals and settlers . Clearance of the farm land by white settlers in the late 1700s depleted the food supplies of the Aboriginal people , who found themselves driven from their traditional hunting grounds . Poor relations reached a peak in 1795 when British troops were sent from Sydney with the specific intent of destroying the local Aboriginal population . Known as the Battle of Richmond Hill this event is remembered today in local events held during Reconciliation Week . In 2010 a memorial garden was unveiled to commemorate the incident .
Heinkel HD 43 The Heinkel Doppeldecker 43 was a prototype German fighter aircraft of the 1930s . A single - engined , single - seat biplane , the HD 43 was designed to meet a secret German " Reichswehr " requirement for a single seat fighter . It had two - bay wooden wings with a steel - tube fuselage , and was powered by a 750 hp ( 600 kW ) BMW VI engine . The single prototype flew in 1931 . It was evaluated against the Arado Ar 65 , with the Arado being selected and no production of the Heinkel followed .
Operation Herbstreise During World War II , Operation Herbstreise ( " Autumn Journey " in German ) was a planned series of deception operations to support the German invasion of the United Kingdom ( Operation Seelöwe ) . It would have involved an empty convoy of large transports threatening the east coast of England while the actual invasion force in small barges hit the southern coast . Two days prior to the actual landings , the light cruisers Emden ( Kapitän zur See Hans Mirow ) , Nürnberg ( Kapitän zur See Leo Kreisch with Vizeadmiral Hubert Schmundt , the Commander of Cruisers , aboard ) and Köln ( Kapitän zur See Ernst Kratzenberg ) , the gunnery training ship Bremse and other light naval forces would escort the liners Europa , Bremen , Gneisenau and Potsdam , with 11 transport steamers , on Operation " Herbstreise " ( Autumn Journey ) , a feint simulating a landing against the British east coast between Aberdeen and Newcastle . * * * After turning about , the force would attempt the diversion again on the next day if necessary . ( Most of the troops allocated to the diversion would actually board the ships , but disembark before the naval force sortied . ) Shortly before the commencement of " Sea Lion " , the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper ( Kapitän zur See Wilhelm Meisel ) , on standby at Kiel from 13 September 1940 , would carry out a diversionary sortie in the vicinity of Iceland and the Faroes . The heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer ( Kapitän zur See Theodor Krancke ) would carry out another diversionary mission by raiding merchant shipping in the Atlantic . ( It is doubtful this ship would have been available in time for the operation as she was undergoing extensive trials and crew training in the Baltic Sea following a major shipyard refit . )
Carlsen Air Force Base Carlsen Air Force Base is a former United States Army Air Forces World War II airbase on Trinidad , consisting of two landing strips , " Edinburgh " and " Xeres " . The airbase also included an emergency landing strip , " Tobago " . History . The American rights to the airfield were obtained via the Destroyers for Bases Agreement in September 1940 when the United States transferred fifty destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for Army and Navy base rights on British possessions in the Americas . Opened in 1942 , Edinburgh Field had been intended solely as an overflow facility for Air Transport Command transport aircraft headed for nearby Waller Field , but eventually , it grew into an enormous sprawling complex with three parallel paved runways – 5000 x 150 ft / 5000 x 150 ft / 2000 x 300 ft and an Airship operating area that made it physically larger than all the other airbases in Trinidad , being used by both Army and Navy aircraft . Edinburgh Field became the principal combat base for USAAF bombers and Naval airships on Trinidad as well as Navy fighters with a complex of runways and taxiways that surpassed even Waller Field . This lasted until 3 November 1943 when , it was renamed Carlsen Field . It was also used by the Royal Air Force and was defended by US Army infantry and AA units . When the Navy began lighter - than - air operations in the Caribbean in the fall of 1943 , the 80th Seabees were brought in to build a station at Carlsen Field . To supplement the eight Army - owned buildings taken over by the Navy , the 80th Battalion built a large , steel blimp hangar , a mooring circle , paved runways , a helium - purification plant , and other operational appurtenances . Postwar use . With the end of World War II Carlsen Airfield was reduced in scope to a skeleton staff . It was placed under the command of the 24th Composite Wing based at Borinquen AFB , Puerto Rico . In 1947 Navy C - 47 operations at nearby Waller Air Force Base were moved to Carleson . The airfield was redesignated Carlsen Air Force Base on March 26 , 1948 , by the Department of the Air Force General Order Number 10 . Carlsen AFB was turned over to the United States Navy on 28 May 1949 and was renamed NAF ( LTA ) Carlsen Field . Naval units used the facility until it was formally disestablished on 10 January 1950 . Today the former air and naval airship base has been turned into a dairy and agricultural area south of Chaguanas and is all but unrecognizable . Much of the former airfield area is owned by National Flour Mills and the only remnants of the base are the name of the area in south Chaguanas , along with streets named " Edinburgh " and " Xeres "
PC - 7 Team The PC - 7 Team is an aerobatics team of the Swiss Air Force . It derives its name from the airplane used , nine Pilatus PC - 7 trainers . History . The team was established in 1987 , but did not return next season . In 1989 it was re - established for the 75th birthday of the Swiss Air Force . Most displays are in Switzerland , but since 1992 the team has occasionally performed abroad . Since the establishment the team flies with Pilatus PC - 7 Turbo Trainer . In October 2006 , it was replaced by the NCPC - 7 , which is a PC - 7 equipped with a new cockpit . The PC - 7 Team is flying nine Pilatus PC - 7 in the standart configuration of the Swiss Air Force ' s PC - 7 . The PC - 7 Team uses for its radiocomunication still the unique Swiss Air Force Bambini - Code . The PC - 7 Team ' s homebase is Dübendorf AFB , but they often operate from Emmen AFB or Locarno AFB . All Pilots of the PC - 7 Team are full - time military pilots and usually fly the F / A - 18 . The Showprogram is made fom 23 differend elements .
4th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment The 4th Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 4th Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9 , 1864 . It was disbanded on October 29 , 1864 . Detailed service . The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Major General Sterling Price ' s raid . The regiment saw action at Byram ' s Ford , Big Blue , October 22 . Westport October 23 . Mine Creek , Little Osage River , Marias des Cygnes , October 25 .
Whitfield Barracks Whitfield Barracks ( ) were barracks in Tsim Sha Tsui , Kowloon , Hong Kong . The area is now the site of Kowloon Park , where several reconverted buildings remain . It was named after Henry Wase Whitfield , the commander of British Army in Hong Kong . History . In the 1890s , the Barracks were first built for the British Indian garrison s . Twenty five barrack blocks were built by 1906 ; the Barracks were developed in subsequent years . By 1910 , there had been 85 barrack buildings constructed . A mosque was also built at the southeastern corner of the site for worship by the garrison . It belonged to the British Military Force when Hong Kong was under British rule . The premises was later returned to the Government of Hong Kong in 1967 . In 1970 , the Urban Council redeveloped the site into the Kowloon Park . The Government ignited some controversy when it made proposals in 1982 for a strip of retail premises fronting Nathan Road included to be carved into the hill of Kowloon Park . The move was opposed by the Urban Council , as well as the Moslem community , whose mosque was close by . Remaining buildings . The remaining Blocks 58 , S4 , S61 and S62 of the former barracks are listed as Grade III historic buildings . Blocks S61 and S62 were constructed in circa 1910 . They are a pair of identical two storied colonial military barrack blocks . The roofs are pitched with Chinese tiles with tar finish . They housed the former Hong Kong Museum of History from 1983 to 1998 before the completion of the present Museum at Chatham Road South . An extension block linking the two historical barracks was constructed in the 1980s to provide more space for the museum facilities . It now houses the Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre . The former Block S4 is a two - storied colonial military barrack building which is identical to Blocks S61 and S62 . It now houses Health Education Exhibition and Resources Centre . Block S58 is used as a godown of the Hong Kong Museum of History .
Darbytown and New Market Roads Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads ( October 7 , 1864 ) during the Petersburg Campaign of the American Civil War . Order of battle is compiled from the official tabulation of casualties and includes only units which sustained casualties . Army of the James . X Corps . MG David B . Birney
William J . Begert General William J . Begert ( born June 9 , 1946 ) served as commander , Pacific Air Forces , and Air Component Commander for the Commander , United States Pacific Command , Hickam Air Force Base , Hawaii . As commander , he had responsibility for Air Force activities spread over half the globe in a command that supports 55 , 500 Air Force people serving principally in Hawaii , Alaska , Guam , Japan and the Republic of Korea . Background . General Begert graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1968 and served as an instructor and evaluator pilot in C - 141 , O - 2 and C - 5 aircraft early in his career . During the Vietnam War , he was assigned as a forward air controller at Da Nang Air Base , South Vietnam , where he flew more than 300 combat missions over Vietnam , Cambodia and Laos . He has more than 875 combat hours . In earlier assignments , General Begert commanded a flying squadron and two Air Force wings . He was Chief of the Mobility Forces Division on the Air Staff . At Scott AFB , Illinois , he served as Chief of Staff as well as Director of Operations and Logistics for Headquarters U . S . Transportation Command , and as Inspector General for Headquarters Air Mobility Command . General Begert was the first Commander of U . S . Air Force ' s Air Mobility Warfare Center at McGuire AFB , New Jersey . He also served as the Vice Commander of U . S . Air Forces in Europe during the air war over Serbia . Prior to becoming PACAF commander , the general was the Assistant Vice Chief of Staff for Headquarters U . S . Air Force , Washington , D . C . General Begert retired on August 1 , 2004 . In 2005 , Begert was named Vice President for Military International Programs & Business Development with Pratt & Whitney , Military Engines . He is married to the former Joanne Feeley of Palos Park , Illinois . The Begerts have a son , Bill , a daughter , Kary , and two grandchildren .
AN / SPS - 48 The AN / SPS - 48 is a US naval three - dimensional air search radar system manufactured by ITT Exelis and deployed in the 1960s as the primary air search sensor for anti - aircraft warfare warships . The deployment of the AN / SPY - 1 and the end of the Cold War led to the decommissioning of ships whose AN / SPS - 48 were recycled onto aircraft carriers and amphibious ships , where it is used to target self - defense systems such as Sea Sparrow and RIM - 116 Rolling Airframe Missile . Existing sets are being modernized under the ROAR program to AN / SPS - 48G standard for better reliability and usability . Operation . A three - dimensional radar is mounted on a base that allows for 360 degrees of rotation . The target can be located at a given azimuth . The range of the target is also identified due to the time it takes the beam to go out and back to the receiver . What makes this radar system different is its ability to detect the height of the target above the surface of the water . Exact details are classified , however this ability is known . With these three pieces of data the radar ' s central processor has the ability to place the target in an X , Y , Z , 3 dimensional space . For the SPS - 48 in particular , the antenna is mechanically rotated to scan azimuth but beams are electronically steered to cover elevation . The antenna is capable of rotating at 7 . 5 or 15 rpm . According to ITT Exelis , the system has a range exceeding and can track targets up to 69 degrees in elevation . The AN / SPS - 48E is capable of providing target range , bearing and altitude information using a frequency - scanning antenna using a range of different frequencies in E band and F band with three power modes : high , medium and low . SPS - 48 radars stack multiple beams in a train of pulses at different frequencies . The beams scan different elevation areas , allowing the stack to cover up to 69 degrees of elevation . History . The first specification for what became AN / SPS - 48 ( and the complementary AN / SPS - 49 ) was written in 1956 . The AN / SPS - 48 replaced AN / SPS - 39 on the Coontz and Leahy classes between 1967 and 1975 under the Guided Missile Frigate Anti - Air Warfare Modernization Program . The AN / SPS - 48E included a digital receiver and signal processor that could automatically detect and track very small targets , even when jammed . It was included in the New Threat Upgrade of the 1980s . Uses . With the air targets exact 3D location it is available for interception / removal via either the ship ' s weapon system or through linked weapons platforms located elsewhere . It is the predecessor of the AEGIS system currently in use on s and s . The AEGIS AN / SPY - 1 B / D radars are electronically scanned phased arrays , while the SPS - 48E is frequency scanned in elevation , and mounted on a rotating joint that spins the radar in azimuth . The AN / SPS - 48 is carried by US Navy ships such as s , s , s and s .
USS Cowanesque ( AO - 79 ) USS " Cowanesque " ( AO - 79 ) was a Type T2 - SE - A1 " Suamico " - class fleet oiler of the United States Navy during World War II . The ship was built by the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Co . in Chester , Pennsylvania as hull number 315 and USMC number 308 in 1943 . Launched on 11 March 1943 , as SS " Fort Duquesne " , sponsored by Mrs . M . Hitchner ; the ship was acquired by the Navy on 25 March 1943 ; and commissioned on 1 May 1943 , Commander L . S . McKenzie , USNR , in command . Service history . World War II , 1943 – 1946 . From 15 June 1943 to 1 March 1944 , " Cowanesque " carried gasoline from the Texas oil ports to east coast bases . She departed Norfolk on 4 March on the first of two convoy voyage to Casablanca and Mers El Kébir . Sailing from Norfolk on 14 July she arrived at Oran on 30 July and remained at Mers El Kébir until 4 September fueling United States and Allied shipping . She returned to Norfolk on 19 September . " Cowanesque " put to sea from Norfolk on 22 October 1944 and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 28 November . She continued to the forward area calling at Eniwetok , Ulithi , and Hollandia , and arrived in San Pedro Bay , Philippines , on 1 January 1945 to fuel units of the 7th Fleet . The next day her task group underwent a severe air attack . " Cowanesque " fired at several planes and shot down at least two before a single - engine fighter crashed into her port side and disintegrated violently , spreading burning gasoline over the deck . Damage control parties dumped the unexploded bomb from the plane over the side , brought the fires under control and repaired the damage enabling " Cowanesque " to continue her mission . Her casualties were two dead , two wounded . " Cowanesque " fueled ships at Mindoro , Lingayen Gulf , and San Pedro Bay until 25 February when she sailed for Ulithi . From 19 March to 4 July 1945 " Cowanesque " operated out of Ulithi refueling ships of the 5th Fleet at sea in support of the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations . She reported to Okinawa on 8 July for convoy duty between that island and Ulithi until the end of the war , and continued to base on Okinawa as she supported the occupation . Among her duties was refueling ships sweeping mines in the Yellow Sea . On 28 October she sailed for San Francisco , arriving on 15 November . " Cowanesque " was placed out of commission 30 January 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission . 1948 – 1972 . Reacquired by the Navy , and reinstated on the Naval Vessel Register , on 18 January 1948 , she served with the Naval Transportation Service as " Cowanesque " ( AO - 79 ) . Transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service on 1 October 1949 , the ship was placed in service in noncommissioned status as USNS " Cowanesque " ( T - AO - 79 ) on 18 July 1950 . She was reclassified as Transport Oiler ( T - AOT - 79 ) ( date unknown ) . The ship was sunk off Okinawa on 23 April 1972 . Awards . " Cowanesque " received two battle star s for World War II service .
Ardoch Roman Fort Ardoch Roman Fort " ( Alavna Veniconvm ) " , is an archaeological site just outside the village of Braco in Perthshire , Scotland , about 7 miles south of Crieff . At Ardoch are the remains of a Roman fort and several marching camps which included a signal tower . Part of the Roman Gask Ridge , it is said to be one of the most complete Roman camps in Britain , and is one of the best - preserved series of Roman military earthworks in the whole Empire . Ardoch was one of a chain of camps separated by one - day marches in a generally north - south direction . Other Roman camps in this chain include Strageath , Inchtuthil , Battledykes , Stracathro , Raedykes and thence taking the Elsick Mounth to Normandykes . Later history . In 1726 Alexander Gordon claimed that at Ardoch Roman Fort a subterranean passage was said to run from the fort , under the River Tay to the fort or ' Keir ' on Grinnin Hill . This tunnel was said to contain a great deal of treasure . Ownership and access . Ardoch Roman Fort is part of the Ardoch estate , and is in private ownership , although access is allowed at all reasonable times . To the north , the earthwork remains of two Roman marching camps , known as Blackhill Camp , are in the care of Historic Scotland .
Battle of Damghan ( 1729 ) The Battle of Damghan or Battle of Mehmandoost was fought from September 29 to October 5 , 1729 , near the city of Damghan . On one side of the battle were the Afsharid Persians commanded by Nader Shah Afsharid . On the other side were the Hotaki forces led by Ashraf Hotaki . The Persian army consisted of Qizilbash tribesmen of the northern Afshar tribe while the Hotaki forces consisted of Afghans , Tartars , Kurds , and Ghebers . The battle was followed by another one in Murcheh - Khort , a village near Isfahan . Nadir Shah ' s forces were victorious in both battles , which led him to remove the Ghilzai Afghan dynasty from the Persian throne . The Hotakis were forced back to their territory in what is now southern Afghanistan .
Max Johannes Arildskov Max Johannes Arildskov ( February 17 , 1896 – 1986 ) was a Danish National Socialist political activist and collaborator prior to and during World War II . Biography . In 1932 he met Frits Clausen and joined his political grouping National Socialist Workers ' Party of Denmark ( DNSAP ) . He quickly advanced through the ranks , first as district leader , later member of the party staff and eventually became a candidate for the parliamentary elections in 1943 . When DNSAP lost the election he blamed Fritz Clausen for his failures . On May 5 , he started his own party , New Denmark ( ) , and on June 4 , he was excluded from DNSAP . In October 1943 , he co - founded the Schalburg Corps in collaboration with the Danish People ' s Defence . Later he contributed to the creation of the Landstormen , a paramilitary militia , who reached the size of about 200 people . January 9 , 1944 , he became commander of this militia . In July 1944 , he dismantled the Schalburg Corps together with the corps administrator Jens Peter Krandrup . After the war he was arrested , and after a trial was sentenced to eight years in prison . However he was pardoned on May 9 , 1948 . He died in 1986 .
RAF Mattishall RAF Mattishall is a former Royal Flying Corps landing ground located east of Mattishall , Norfolk and north west of Norwich , Norfolk , England . History . The landing ground was in use during the First World War initially under the control of the Royal Flying Corps until 1 April 1918 when the site was turned over to the Royal Air Force and was renamed from RFC Mattishall to RAF Mattishall . The site was used by aircraft intercepting Zeppelin bombers . Aircraft of 51 Squadron operated from Mattishall . Current use . The airfield has been returned to use for agriculture .
Zafar Ali Shah Group Captain Zafar Ali Shah was recipient of Vir Chakra . He was one of first from Indian Air Force to get the award in 1950 . He got it for Indo - Pakistani War of 1947 . He commanded No . 10 Squadron of Indian Air Force in that war . He was killed in an air accident in the 1960s .
Voulge A voulge ( occasionally called a pole cleaver ) is a type of polearm that existed alongside the similar glaive in medieval Europe . Superficially , a voulge might strongly resemble a glaive , but there are some notable differences in construction . First , the attachment of the voulge blade to the shaft was usually done by binding the lower two thirds of the blade to the side of the pole ; the glaive would often have a socket built into the blade itself and was mounted on top of the pole . In addition , while both had curved blades , that of the voulge was broad and meant for hacking , while that of the glaive was narrow and meant more for cutting . Indeed , a voulge looks something like a squashed bardiche head , or just a meat cleaver attached to a long pole . In early designs it consisted solely of a cutting edge , but in time voulges often had a ' pointed - top ' blade for stabbing . Hooks were also incorporated into the back side of the blade and thus became referred to as " voulge - guisarme s " . The voulge was commonly used by the French ; the Hundred Years War proved many opportunities to show its strength . It is commonly believed that this was the base design used in the creation of the bayonet , also credited to French creation .