naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Málaga ( 1704 ) The Battle of Málaga ( or Vélez - Málaga ) was the largest naval battle in the War of the Spanish Succession . It took place on 24 August 1704 , south of Málaga , Spain . The battle . Less than a week after the Capture of Gibraltar , Admiral George Rooke received intelligence that a French fleet under the command of Toulouse and d ' Estrées was approaching Gibraltar . Leaving half his marines to defend the newly won prize , Rooke immediately set off with his combined Anglo - Dutch fleet to engage the French . The outcome of the action that followed , the Battle of Vélez - Málaga , was indecisive . Not a single vessel was sunk or captured on either side but the mutual battering left many ships barely seaworthy and casualties on both sides were high . As the French and the British approached each other two days later , on 26 August , they finally decided not to engage each other . Considering the British had a significantly higher number of casualties and highly damaged ships , particularly their masts , the French mistakenly interpreted the British fleet ' s prudence as an overall victory . Byng ' s squadron , having expended so much ammunition in the previous bombardment of Gibraltar , was obliged to quit the line . The French had returned to Toulon claiming victory . The reality was , however , that by retreating to Toulon the French turned what had been a tactical stalemate into an Anglo - Dutch strategic victory , because after the Battle of Vélez - Málaga the French Navy never again emerged from Toulon in full strength . Ships involved . England / Netherlands ( George Rooke ) . Rear . The rear division comprised the Dutch element of the Anglo - Dutch fleet . Total . 3614 guns , 22543 men France ( Toulouse and d ' Estrées ) . Total . 3577 guns , 24275 men
Bruška massacre The Bruška massacre took place on 21 December 1991 in Bruška , a small village near the Croatian town of Benkovac when Serbian paramilitaries executed 10 civilians in the hamlet of Marinovići . Nine members of the family Marinović and their Serbian neighbour were led out of the house after playing cards and shot on the spot by members of a paramilitary group called " Knindže " . Kapetan Dragan ( Dragan Vasiljkovic ) was the commander of this paramilitary group and has been indicted for this crime by the Croatian Ministry of Justice . He is currently in custody in Australia where an Australian journalist discovered him hiding under the false name of Dennis Snedden . He is awaiting his extradition to Croatia .
Spanish Fury at Mechelen The Spanish Fury at Mechelen was an event in the Eighty Years ' War on October 2 , 1572 in which the city of Mechelen was conquered by the Spanish army and brutally sacked . Prelude . In spring and summer 1572 many cities in the Low Countries came under control of William of Orange , some actively supporting the rebels , other taking a more cautious attitude . Mechelen had opened its gates to the troops of William on August 31 . William continued his advance towards Mons , but left a garrison in Mechelen under command of Bernard van Merode . < br > On September 21 William was forced by a large Spanish army under the Duke of Alba to withdraw to Holland . The Duke of Alba now wanted to retake all cities in the South and decided to set an example . He ordered his son Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo to punish Mechelen for tolerating a rebel garrison . Plundering this rich city would also calm his troops , which hadn ' t received any pay in a long time . The sack of Mechelen . When Bernard de Merode heard that a much stronger Spanish force was approaching Mechelen , he and his men left the city . The mainly Catholic people of Mechelen welcomed the Spanish by singing psalm s of penitence in a gesture of surrender . But despite this , Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo unleached his slaughtering , raping and pillaging troops during three days upon the city . Alba reported to King Philip II afterwards that " " no nail was left in the wall " " . Aftermath . On the short term , the sack of Mechelen had the desired effect . All cities on Alba ' s path surrendered without resistance . The next example would be set in the Spanish Fury at Zutphen on November 15 . It is important to distinguish the so - called " Spanish Furies " in 1572 from the Spanish Fury at Antwerp in 1576 , as these were explicitly ordered by the military commanders . The Sack of Antwerp was perpetrated by mutinous troops .
Soviet minesweeper T - 112 T - 112 was a minesweeper of the Soviet Navy during World War II and the Cold War . She had originally been built as USS " Agent " ( AM - 139 ) , an , for the United States Navy during World War II , but never saw active service in the U . S . Navy . Upon completion she was transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend - Lease as " T - 112 " ; she was never returned to the United States . The ship was renamed several times in Soviet service and was finally abandoned in January 1991 . Her hulk was extant . Because of the Cold War , the U . S . Navy was unaware of the ship ' s status and the vessel remained on the American Naval Vessel Register until she was struck on 1 January 1983 . Career . " Agent " was laid down on 8 April 1942 by the Tampa Shipbuilding Co . , Tampa , Florida ; launched on 1 November 1942 ; and completed 10 July 1943 . She was transferred to the Soviet Navy that same day as " T - 112 " with Senior Lieutenant Vladimirov in command . She was never returned to U . S . custody . In Soviet service , the ship was renamed " TB - 21 " on 15 October 1955 ; " VTR - 2Y " on 8 March 1956 ; and " UTS - 288 " on 20 April 1972 . The ship was abandoned on 31 January 1991 , and , her hulk was extant . Due to the ongoing Cold War , the U . S . Navy was unaware of the fate of the former " Agent " . They had reclassified the vessel as " MSF - 139 " on 7 February 1955 , and kept her on the American Naval Vessel Register until she was struck on 1 January 1983 .
HMS Undaunted ( 1886 ) HMS " Undaunted " was a ship of the " Orlando " - class of first - class cruiser s built in the yards of Palmer and launched on 3 August 1886 . She served two commissions on the China Station . On 25 April1901 she was paid off at Devonport and placed in the Fleet Reserve , where she was prepared to be commissioned as tender to HMS Cambridge , gunnery school ship at the dockyard . She was sold for scrapping on 9 April 1907 to Harris of Bristol .
Bottsand - class oil recovery ship The Bottsand class oil recovery ships ( Type 738 ) of the German Navy are intended for seawater pollution control . The twin hull ships feature a bow which can be opened by 65 degrees . This creates an area of more than 40 m² to collect oil - polluted seawater . The water is pumped into the ship ' s 790 m³ tank , where it will be cleaned and the oil separated . Per hour one ship can clean up to 140 m³ of ocean surface polluted with a 2 mm oil slick . The two ships in the class entered service in 1984 and 1987 . The ships are auxiliary ships of the navy . They are used to contain oil spills from German ships in the sea . They are manned by civilians and not naval personnel .
Reinhold Saltzwedel " Oberleutnant zur See " Reinhold Saltzwedel ( 23 November 1889 – 2 December 1917 ) was a successful and highly decorated German U - boat commander in the " Kaiserliche Marine " during World War I . Saltzwedel sank a total of 111 merchant vessels for . On 1 September 1936 , his name was given to 2nd U - boat Flotilla of the " Kriegsmarine " in Wilhelmshaven to honour him . Early life . Reinhold Saltzwedel was born on 23 November 1889 in Rosenberg , Upper Silesia . World War I . Saltzwedel was a " Leutnant zur See " when World War I broke out and Adjutant on the . On 19 September 1914 , he was promoted to " Oberleutnant zur See " . In May 1915 he went to the U - boat school . Shortly afterwards joined the active units and served as commander of several U - boats . On 20 August 1917 he was awarded the " Pour le Mérite " for his achievements . On 18 September 1917 , he became the commanding officer of , in which he died on 2 December after " UB - 81 " ran into a mine .
Paul Robert Ignatius Paul Robert Ignatius ( born November 11 , 1920 ) was an American government official who served as Secretary of the Navy between 1967 and 1969 and was the Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Lyndon Johnson administration . Life and career . Ignatius was born in 1920 , Glendale , California , the son of Armenian parents who migrated to the United States , Elisa ( née Jamgochian ) and Hovsep " Joseph " B . Ignatius . Ignatius is a trustee of the George C . Marshall Foundation and member of the Federal City Council and the Washington Institute of Foreign Affairs . He has served previously as chairman of the Board of Trustees for Logistics Management Institute ; chairman , president and CEO of Air Transport Association ; president of " The Washington Post " newspaper and executive vice president of The Washington Post Company ; Secretary of the Navy ; Assistant Secretary of Defense ( Installations and Logistics ) . He founded Harbridge House , Inc . , a Boston management consulting and research firm . Ignatius received his bachelor ' s degree from the University of Southern California ( Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Tau ) and his Master degree from Harvard Business School . He served as a commissioned lieutenant in the U . S . Navy in World War II . His son , David Ignatius , is a columnist for the Washington Post . On May 23 , 2013 , the Navy announced that an , would be named for him .
Siege of Nanao The 1577 siege of Nanao was one of many sieges undertaken by Uesugi Kenshin , a " daimyo " of Japan ' s Sengoku period . The castle of Nanao , which was under possession by Hatakeyama Yoshitaka , was at first attacked by the lord of the Uesugi , Uesugi Kenshin in 1567 . Ten years later , in 1577 , Kenshin reduced the outlying fortresses that supported the castle of Nanao , effectively awakening a new siege . The castle held out until autumn , by which time Yoshitaka had sent a message to Oda Nobunaga in order to seek his assistance . Before Nobunaga had time to respond , however , the castle fell . This was caused partly by disease among the garrison , which ended up even claiming the life of Yoshitaka himself . A traitor among the Hatakeyama opened the gates for Kenshin , also contributing heavily to the castle ' s fall .
Mestre de camp Mestre de camp or Maître de camp ( , " camp - master " ) was a military rank in the Ancien Régime of France , equivalent to colonel . A mestre de camp commanded a regiment and was under the authority of a Colonel General , who commanded all the regiments in one " arme " . The rank also existed in Portugal and Spain , as " mestre de campo " . When the role of infantry colonel general was abolished in 1661 , the mestre de camp took the title of colonel . The cavalry regiments , on the other hand , remained under the authority of a colonel general , were commanded individually by mestres de camp up until the French Revolution . Like the rank of captain , the rank of mestre de camp was " vénale " , that is , it could be purchased and / or handed on to another man without hindrance . Consequently , precocious rejects from the high aristocracy could accede to the rank at a very young age and thus be in a good position to obtain promotions ( by seniority ) to the rank of brigadier . The rank of mestre de camp was demonstrated by wearing a pair of épaulette s with gilded or silver fringes . The rank was abolished at the Revolution and replaced by that of chef de brigade .
Battle of Bilbao The Battle of Bilbao was part of the War in the North , during the Spanish Civil War where the Nationalist Army captured the city of Bilbao and the remaining parts of the Basque Country still held by the Republic . Background . Bilbao was the capital of the autonomous Basque area established by the Republic after the war began . This establishment was in payment for Basque Nationalist support of the Republic . The Basque people in Spain generally inhabit four provinces , Navarre , Álava , Gipuzkoa and Biscay . The Basque Nationalists were dominant in the latter two provinces . Navarre and Álava had rallied to the rising against the Republic . The Spanish Nationalists troops gained Gipuzkoa early in the war with the fall of Irún in August and San Sebastián , September 13 , 1936 , isolating the Basque country and the Northern Republican held zone from the French frontier . On 31 March , the Nationalist , led by the General Mola , launched an offensive against the Biscay province . The Basque troops had to retire and by June the Nationalist reached the outskirts of Bilbao . The Battle . By June 11 , 1937 , the Basque forces had fallen back to the city of Bilbao , which was defended by a series of rushed fortifications called the " Bilbao ' s Iron Ring . " The Iron Ring was poorly designed for defense . It was quite an antiquated defense concept akin to First World War fortifications , so it was vulnerable to modern warfare weapons of its time such as aircraft and artillery , and only 30 , 000 troops were defending it ( it was conceived to be defended by 70 , 000 ) — therefore the Iron Ring was rather easily overcome by Nationalist forces . The ring was breached by an infantry assault supported by heavy air and artillery bombardment ( 150 guns and 70 bombers ) . On 12 June , the Spanish Republican Army launched a diversionary attack against Huesca in order to stop the Nationalist offensive , but the Nationalist troops continued their advance . On the night of June 13 the defenders evacuated most of the civilian population from the city . On June 18 , General Ulibarri withdrew his remaining troops from Bilbao and the Nationalists occupied the city on the following day . The city ' s bridges had been destroyed to hinder the attackers but the city remained mostly intact .
William Thomas Robertson William Thomas ( Bill ) Robertson ( 1917 , born in Melbourne - 2011 , died in Canberra ) was an Australian soldier who had a distinguished war service record . He was involved in the operation of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service for 25 years until he was dismissed by Gough Whitlam on 21 October 1975 . When he was a captain in the Australian Army , Robertson was wounded during the capture of Tobruk from Italian forces . After this incident , Captain Robertson was posted in Greece to fight against German forces . Later in New Guinea , by now promoted to a senior liaison officer , Lieut - Colonel Robertson was ordered to inspect the USA perimeter at Buna . Robertson was unsatisfied with what he saw , and reported his observations to General Herring , and General Sutherland who was also present at the time . Consequently , Douglas MacArthur made changes to the US Army command at Buna . In August 1943 , Robertson was again promoted , this time to the position of General Staff Officer , Grade 1 to Vasey , and Commanding Officer of the 7th AIF Division . During the Lae campaign , Vasey sent Robertson to Port Moresby to seek better relations with the US Army , and his manner was said to have surprised both the USAAF ' s General Kenney and General Berryman . Robertson later wrote to Vasey that he had succeeded in his task . Robertson , as Vasey ' s senior staff officer , was later involved in an operation following the capture of a Japanese order document . During World War II , Robertson served in Europe with the British Army ' s 51st ( Highland ) Infantry Division in March 1944 .
T - 11 parachute The Non - Maneuverable Canopy ( T - 11 ) Personnel Parachute System is the newest personnel parachute system to be adopted by the United States armed forces and the Canadian Army . The T - 11 replaces the T - 10 , introduced in 1955 . The T - 11 includes a completely redesigned main and reserve parachute and an integrated harness assembly that is suitable for a wider range of soldier weights than the previous system . Design . The main canopy is a modified version of a cross / cruciform platform . The canopy has an increased inflated diameter of 14 percent and a 28 percent increase in surface area , when compared with the T - 10D assembly . The T - 11 main canopy utilizes a unique deployment sequence to reduce the opening shock and canopy oscillation . The T - 11 is designed to have an average rate of descent of for the 95th percentile service member , compared with with the T - 10C . This reduction is intended to result in significantly lower landing injury rates for jumpers . The reserve canopy is a derivative of the British Low Level Parachute ( LLP ) aero - conical design that includes apex scoop pockets at the top of the reserve canopy and skirt assist lines at the system ’ s hem to promote fast opening of the reserve system during low - speed malfunctions . Unlike the current reserve parachute system , the T - 11R reserve uses an omni - directional , center - pull deployment system . The T - 11 harness is designed to displace opening shock forces of the reserve parachute equally along the long axis of the jumper ’ s body . The main chute and harness weighs , and the reserve assembly , for a total of . The main canopy is inflated diameters at the hem . The reserve canopy has a nominal diameter . Use . The T - 11 parachute is in use by the United States armed forces and the Canadian Army . It is also being adopted by the Finnish Defence Forces , first in Europe . History . On July 12 , 2011 , the U . S . Army temporarily suspended use of all T - 11 parachutes following a malfunction - related fatality at Fort Bragg , North Carolina . Incident investigators found potential issues with the packing , inspection , quality control and function of T - 11 parachutes . Secretary of the Army John McHugh ordered that usage of the T - 11 be suspended until a further investigation was completed and any necessary changes made . This ban was lifted on August 4 , 2011 .
José Solano y Bote Don José de Solano y Bote Carrasco y Díaz ( March 11 , 1726 – April 24 , 1806 ) , Marquess of Socorro , was a Spanish Naval officer . He served an extensive career in the Spanish Navy starting at the age of 16 until his death in 1806 . Shortly after joining the Spanish navy in 1742 , he participated in the Battle of Toulon ( 1744 ) , where the Spanish fleet defeated the British fleet . As a result of his performance in that battle he was promoted to the rank of " alférez de fragata " . In 1754 he was promoted to the rank of " capitán de fragata " and sent to the Americas as a commissary named by the King with the objective of helping with the demarcation of the limits between Spain and Portugal ' s holdings . During this charge Solano spent seven years traveling the Orinoco river and its tributaries as well as making several trips to Bogota in pursuit of additional funding from the Viceroy to support his efforts . When he concluded his assignment he was promoted to the rank of " Capitán de Navío " in 1761 . In 1762 after war broke out with England he took command of the " Rayo " a 100 gun ship of the line built in La Havana . Solano was governor of Venezuela from 1763 to 1770 and later Governor and Captain General of Santo Domingo ( 1770 ) . American War of Independence . He commanded a Spanish squadron during the American War of Independence . For his role in the Siege of Pensacola where he came to the aid of Louisiana governor Bernardo de Gálvez in March 1781 , Solano was promoted to lieutenant general in 1782 . He became the General Captain of the Armada in 1804 .
USS Conflict ( AM - 85 ) USS " Conflict " ( AM - 85 ) was an of the United States Navy . The ship was launched on 18 April 1942 by Commercial Iron Works , Portland , Oregon ; and commissioned 7 September 1942 , Lieutenant R . W . Luther , USNR , in command . World War II Pacific Theatre Operations . Clearing Seattle , Washington , 7 December 1942 , " Conflict " called at San Francisco , California , and Pearl Harbor before arriving at Espiritu Santo , New Hebrides , 29 January 1943 . From this base she sailed on antisubmarine patrols in the Solomons and escorted convoys throughout the Solomons and the Florida Islands until 2 July 1945 . Converted to Submarine Chaser PC - 1589 . On 1 June 1944 her name was canceled and her classification changed to PC - 1589 . Arriving at Noumea , New Caledonia 4 July 1945 " PC - 1589 " visited Auckland , New Zealand , from 10 July to 21 July , then escorted U . S . Navy crash boats to the Ellice , Wallis , Fiji , and New Hebrides Islands . After the end of the war she remained in New Caledonia serving as pilot ship until 7 March 1946 when she got underway for an overhaul at Pago Pago , Samoa , sailing on to arrive in Pearl Harbor 1 May . Post - War Deactivation . She decommissioned 31 May 1946 , and transferred to the War Assets Administration for disposal 3 December 1947 . Awards . PC - 1589 received two battle stars for World War II service .
25th Panzergrenadier Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 25th Panzergrenadier Division fought in the central sector of the Eastern front from June 1943 to July 1944 . It was destroyed in the encirclement east of Minsk and reformed in October 1944 . It then fought in France between October 1944 and January 1945 and in eastern Germany January to May 1945 . Most of the survivors of the division surrendered to the western Allies . History . The 25th started as an infantry division formed from Swabians and Bavarians . It participated in the Polish Campaign and the Battle of France . In late 1940 , it was reorganized as a motorized infantry division and took part in Operation Barbarossa , the invasion of the Soviet Union , in June 1941 . It was attached to Army Group Center and fought in the Soviet Union for two years before being reorganized as the 25th Panzergrenadier Division in June , 1943 . After another year of heavy fighting , the division was almost destroyed near Minsk during the Soviet Minsk Offensive ; the survivors were reorganized at the training area at Mielau ( in modern - day Poland ) as the Panzer Brigade 107 . In November 1944 , the brigade was upgraded to divisional status at the Baumholder training area and re - christened the 25th Panzergrenadier Division . The new division moved to France in the area of the German / Luxembourg / French border at Sierck - les - Bains , where it fought a delaying action against the US Third Army , until December . It was then moved to Bitche . There it fought on the Maginot line fortifications at Forts Ouvrage Simserhof and Ouvrage Schiesseck , under the command of the XIII SS Corps and " Obergruppenführer " Max Simon . After the US Seventh Army ' s offensive operations were halted in December as a result of the German Ardennes Offensive , the 25th was pulled out of the line and re - organized near Zweibrücken . It then took part in Operation Nordwind , along with the 21st Panzer Division . Together , these divisions were to exploit the penetrations made by either the XIII SS Corps in the west , or the LXXXIX and XC Corps in the east , with the intention of cutting the US Seventh Army off from the 1st French Army . It was then sent back to the eastern front to defend against the Soviet attack on the Oder north of Berlin , most of the survivors managed to escape to the west and surrendered to the British or Americans .
Deep Drone The Deep Drone is a submersible remotely operated vehicle designed for mid - water salvage for the United States Navy . One vehicle is based in Largo , Maryland , under the command of The U . S . Navy Supervisor of Salvage and Diving ( SUPSALV ) , it is maintained and operated by Phoenix International Inc . . The vehicle is capable of operating at a depth up to 8000 feet as reflected in its full name : " The Deep Drone 8000 " . The vehicle has a target locating sonar and two tool manipulators capable of working with tools and attaching rigging . " AS - 28 " Submersible Rescue . The U . S . sent a Deep Drone vehicle and a Scorpio vehicle to the location of a Russia n Priz class submersible AS - 28 which was trapped on the sea floor off the Kamchatka Peninsula on 5 August 2005 . The Russian vessel was released from cables trapping it on the sea floor by a British Scorpio ROV prior to the arrival of the Deep Drone . The vehicle was sent on a C - 17 Globemaster III from Charleston , South Carolina .