naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Abdulah Muhasilović Abdulah Muhasilović was a Bosniak army chaplain or Imam best known for his involvement in the 13th Waffen - SS Division " Handschar " . Muhasilović joined the nascent Division early on in the recruitment stage in June 1943 and was quickly appointed senior Imam to the entire Division as he was comparatively the oldest of all the young ulema who signed up . His tasks included supervising the younger imams and serving as spiritual leader of the Divisional headquarters " Stabsjäger Kompanie " ( staff security company ) . In July 1943 he and several other Bosnian Ulema in the Handschar attended an " Imam Training Course " in Berlin organised by SS Obergruppenführer Gottlob Berger . Zvonimir Bernwald described Abdulah Muhasilović as a " skirt chaser " . Later in 1943 , training at Neuhammer , Imam Muhasilović gave an important speech during festivities to mark Bairam : " The world ' s Muslims are engaged in a terrible life - and - death struggle . " He appealed to the men to prepare for conflict with Communism in their " beloved Bosnia " . Abdulah Muhasilović was later judged to be a " complete failure . " On 21 October 1944 he led a mutiny at Cerna : he and over 100 Bosnian men simply walked away with their weapons towards Bosnia . They joined 500 other deserters and surrendered to the Partisan XVIII Croatian Brigade in the Maoča - Rahić area . His fate after the war is unclear .
Manchester Pals The Manchester Pals were part of Kitchener ' s New Army . They were formed into seven battalions in The Manchester Regiment . Almost 10 , 000 men enlisted in the Manchester Pals battalions , of whom 4 , 776 were killed . Overall , the Manchester Regiment lost about 13 , 000 men . In 1993 , a memorial was unveiled in Heaton Park , where the 16th , 17th , 18th , and 19th battalions were trained between September 1914 and April 1915 .
Ransom bond A ransom bond was a legally binding document issued as a promise for future payment for the safety and the release of a captured marine vessel . It was particularly in use during the American Civil War when Confederate States Navy privateer s would seize Union merchant vessels and hold them for ransom . Once the bond was posted , the captured commercial ship was generally released and allowed to return to its rightful owners . The U . S . had not signed the 1856 Declaration of Paris , which outlawed privateering . The Confederates commissioned privateers from many nations , and they preyed on commercial shipping lanes frequented by U . S . vessels . The Federal government finally offered to adopt the declaration ' s terms during the middle of the war after repeated losses to the Confederates . Many of the ransom bonds were never honored , and the owners of most Confederate privateers were unable to cash in on them when the war ended in a Union victory .
Lawrence York Spear Lawrence York Spear ( 23 October 1870 — 9 September 1950 ) was an American naval officer and businessman who spent the majority of his career working for the Electric Boat Company . Biography . Born in Warren , Ohio , Spear graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis , Maryland in 1890 . Lieutenant Spear went to Scotland to attend the University of Glasgow . After returning , he was asked to inspect and oversee the projects that were taking place at several shipyards across America . One of those shipyards was the Crescent Shipyard of Elizabeth , New Jersey , where the United States Navy ' s first submarines were built by John P . Holland ' s Holland Torpedo Boat Company . Later on , this company changed its name when Isaac Rice merged his other holdings ( Electric Storage and Electo - Dynamic ) with Holland ' s to create the Electric Boat Company . In 1902 Spear resigned his Navy commission and joined Electric Boat as a naval constructor He was appointed Vice - President when Holland resigned in April 1904 . Spear served as President from 1942 to 1947 , running the company during World War II , when it was a leading producer of submarines . He served as Chairman of the Board from 1947 until his death on 9 September 1950 . Electric Boat changed its name to General Dynamics in 1952 under the company ' s new Chairman and CEO , John Jay Hopkins . Honors . The submarine tender , built by the General Dynamics Shipbuilding Division in Quincy , Massachusetts , was named after him .
HMS Merlin ( 1666 ) HMS " Merlin " was an 8 - gun yacht of the Royal Navy . In 1671 she played an important role in provoking the Third Anglo - Dutch War . While carrying the wife of the British ambassador Sir William Temple , Dorothy Osborne , through the Dutch fleet anchored near Den Briel , the Dutch warships fired ' white smoke ' as a salute , as was mandatory under treaty , but did not lower their flags . The 8 - gun royal yacht started firing live rounds . The Dutch commander Van Ghent , who knew both Sir William and his wife very well , had himself rowed over to the small vessel to enquire what the problem was . The answer was that the yacht expected to be greeted as a full warship , as a 1662 treaty prescribed . Van Ghent answered that he was doubtful as to whether the " Merlin " was in that category and did not want to create a precedent . Charles now ordered the intriguer George Downing , the new ambassador in The Hague , to demand that the admiral would be severely punished , which the States - General of the Netherlands refused . The yacht " Merlin " is again noted as the vessel that Captain Greenville Collins commanded in the seven years between 1681 and 1693 when he created a complete survey of the coastline of the British coast . The work was published by Freeman Collins and sold by Richard Mount of London as the " Great Britain ' s Coasting Pilot " ' . It may have been based to some extent on Dutch maps but the speed and breadth of the work was identified as a laudable act of hydrography .
Burgfrieden Burgfrieden — literally " fortress peace " or " castle peace " but more accurately " party truce " — is a German term used for the political truce the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the other political parties agreed to during World War I . The trade unions refrained from striking , the SPD voted for war credits in the Reichstag and the parties agreed not to criticize the government and its war . There were several reasons for the " Burgfrieden " politics : the Social Democrats believed it was their patriotic duty to support the government in war ; they were afraid of government repression should they protest against the war ; they feared living under an autocratic Russian Czar more than the German constitutional monarchy and its Kaiser ; and they hoped to achieve political reforms after the war , including the abrogation of the inequitable three - class voting system , by cooperating with the government . The only SPD member of parliament to vote against war credits in the second session was Karl Liebknecht . In the third session on March 20 , 1915 , Otto Rühle joined him . Over the course of the war the number of SPD politicians opposed to the war steadily increased . Their resistance against the " Burgfrieden " politics led to the expulsion of Liebknecht , Rosa Luxemburg , Clara Zetkin , and others from the SPD . These went on to found the Spartacist League , the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ) , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) . The only trade union to refuse the " Burgfrieden " was the Free Association of German Trade Unions ( FVdG ) , which would later become the Free Workers ' Union of Germany ( FAUD ) .
Thomas Cosgrove ( Medal of Honor ) Thomas Cosgrove ( June 12 , 1829 – March 27 , 1912 ) was an Irish soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War . Biography . Cosgrove served in the 40th Massachusetts Infantry for the Union Army . He received the Medal of Honor on November 7 , 1896 for his actions at Drewry ' s Bluff , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Citation : Individually demanded and received the surrender of 7 armed Confederates concealed in a cellar , disarming and marching them in as prisoners of war .
HMCS Spitfire HMCS " Spitfire " was a 65 ton sail gunboat built at Cuthberts Shipyard , Port Jackson , Australia and launched on 3 April 1855 for the Colony of New South Wales . Her hull was sheathed with 22 ounce copper . She was the first warship built in Australia for a Colonial government . " Spitfire " was given to the Colony of Queensland in 1859 and she was used as the pilot cutter on Moreton Bay . In 1860 , she was used as part of an expedition to find the mouth of the Burdekin River . She was to become the pilot boat for Cooktown , until sold out of service in 1885 and purchased by Captain Alex Mathewson , for use as a fishing vessel . She was sold in 1892 to Dan Moynahan and S . B . Andreassen and during a cyclone in 1896 she was damaged off Hinchinbrook Island . Fate . " Spitfire " was sunk during a cyclone off Piper Island Light in December 1899 .
Battle of Sudoměř The Battle of Sudomĕř was fought on 25 March 1420 , between Catholic and Hussite forces . The Hussites were led by Břeněk of Švihov - who was killed in battle - and Jan Žižka , whose forces proved victorious . This was the second major battle of the Hussite Wars ; the first battle , the Battle of Nekmíř , was more of a Hussite retreat than a true fight . The Battle of Sudomĕř began after Hussite forces which had taken up temporary fortifications on the plains were found by Royalist forces , who closed in for an attack . The Hussites were greatly outnumbered 5 to 1 , and initially hoisted the white flag , but when the Royalists refused to accept their surrender the battle truly began . Though outnumbered and comparatively ill - equipped , facing heavily armoured knights , the Hussites had fortified their surroundings ingeniously . Their flank was protected by war wagon s loaded with arquebus iers , and many large ponds and marshy areas surrounded the Hussite infantry - ground which the Royalist Cavalry could not hope to cross . One thousand Johannites from Strakonice led by Jindřich of Hradec - killed in battle - attacked war wagons placed on a slim dam , with huge casualties but no success . After that , another thousand Royalist cavalry men , led by Peter von Konopischt of Sternberg - killed in the Battle of Vítkov Hill later that year - rushed a weakly held side of the Hussite formation , but were mired in marshy ground . They dismounted in order to progress , but soon found themselves mired once more . Following this , the Hussite light infantry equipped with flails were able to easily finish the cavalrymen . The battle ended with the advance of night and fog , during which Žižka and the Hussite forces were able to escape . Though the Catholic Royalists were not entirely defeated , the fact the Hussites were able to inflict such heavy casualties with so few men , and then escape soundly proved to be a great victory . Only 400 hussites - farmers and townsmen , including women and children - beat the 2 , 000 - strong force of heavily armoured cavalry . Hussite General , Jan Žižka , through superior knowledge of tactics and terrain , along with the highly effective deployment of ( wagon fort ) strategies , won the day .
Paralyzed Veterans of America The Paralyzed Veterans of America ( PVA ) is a veterans ' service organization in the United States of America , founded in 1946 . The organization holds 34 chapters and 61 National Service Offices in the United States . It is based in Washington , D . C . The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Mission . It describes itself as having " developed a unique expertise on a wide variety of issues involving the special needs of our members — veteran s of the [ United States ] armed forces who have experienced spinal cord injury or dysfunction " . It is also involved with promoting and protecting the civil right s of the disabled .
HMS Chilcompton ( M1122 ) HMS " Chilcompton " was a Ton - class minesweeper of the Royal Navy built by Herd & Mckenzie and launched on 23 October 1953 . She had the pennant number of a minesweeper - M1122 . " Chilcompton " spent the first eight years of her life in the Operational Reserve fleet at Hythe before joining the 9th MSS in the Persian Gulf in May 1962 , serving there until September 1965 . The ship formed part of the Fishery Protection Squadron from April 1967 to January 1969 . She was sold on 26 November 1971 .
Ronald Coder Ron Coder was a U . S . soccer goalkeeper who was a member of the U . S . team at the 1956 Summer Olympics . Coder grew up in Montgomery County , Pennsylvania where he was a state champion high school track star . He entered Penn State University in 1947 . Bill Jeffrey spotted Coder playing an intramural soccer game during Coder ’ s sophomore year and recruited him into the school ’ s soccer team . Coder and his team mates went on to win the 1950 and 1951 college championships . Coder graduated in the spring of 1951 , was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Air Force and became a tanker pilot . In 1955 , he joined the Armed Forces soccer team . As a result , he attended trials for the 1956 U . S . Olympic soccer team and was selected as the team ’ s starting goalkeeper . Prior to the tournament in Melbourne , Australia , the U . S . toured the Far East . In a game in Hong Kong , Coder broke his ankle when kicked by an opposing team ’ s forward and he did not play in the lone U . S . game , a 9 - 1 loss to Yugoslavia . Coder continued to serve in the Air Force , retiring as a lieutenant colonel . His son , Ron Coder later played football at Penn State and with the Seattle Seahawks .
Battle of Cixi The Battle of Cixi ( no relation to the reigning Empress at the time ) or Battle of Tzeki ( 慈溪之戰 ) was a decisive victory for Qing imperial forces led by the American soldier of fortune , Frederick Townsend Ward against Taiping Rebels in late Qing Dynasty China . By 1862 Ward , who recently scored several victories for the imperial forces , had raised an army for the defense of Shanghai . On 20 September he attacked the walled city of Cixi ( Tzeki ) ten miles outside Ningbo . During the attack Ward was mortally wounded but remained in the field until victory was assured . Ward died the next day and command of his army eventually passed to Charles George Gordon . Background . When Shanghai was successively attacked by Taiping Rebels in 1862 , western inhabitants favored removing the potential threat and cooperating with imperial forces , as a result combined British and French naval troops under the command of Admiral James Hope were involved in military conflict with the Taiping Rebellion . One of the communities inhabited by the rebels was Ningbo , a port and walled city located south of Hangzhou Bay . The imperial army laid siege against Ningbo ’ s occupiers on 6 May . Dismayed , the rebels opened fire at British and French ships docked at harbor . The western ships returned fire and sent their crew s into the city , overpowering rebel forces and giving charge of Ningbo to the imperial army . With Ningbo secure , Ward ’ s soldiers and the Qing forces began launching attacks in the surrounding areas against the Rebellion . During this time Cixi was one of the encircling cities ravaged by violence .
73rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 73rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry , known as the " Persimmon Regiment " or the " Preacher ' s Regiment " was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . 73rd Regiment Illinois was organized at Camp Butler , Illinois and mustered into Federal service on August 21 , 1862 . The regiment was discharged from service on June 10 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 5 officers and 109 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 167 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 281 fatalities .
USS Yacal ( YFB - 688 ) USS " Yacal " ( YFB - 688 ) was a small ferry that served in the United States Navy from 1932 to 1942 . " Yacal " was constructed in the Philippine Islands by the Cavite Navy Yard . She was launched on 15 September 1932 , and completed on 11 November 1932 . She was constructed principally of yacal wood and burned coal for fuel . " Yacal " performed yard duties at Cavite Navy Yard for almost a decade . Japan ese forces invaded the Philippines in December 1941 and " Yacal " met her end on 2 January 1942 . Records do not indicate whether she was destroyed by her own forces to prevent capture or by the Japanese . In any event , she was struck from the Navy List on 24 July 1942 .
Heinrich Geigl Leutnant Heinrich Georg Geigl was a World War I flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories . Geigl was an elementary school teacher and a philosophy student in civilian life . Once trained as a pilot , he went through assignments with Kagohl 6 and Kasta 36 . On 26 February 1917 , he was assigned to Royal Bavarian Jagdstaffel 34 . His first victory was on 29 April 1917 ; he became an ace with his fifth , on 10 August 1917 . One week later , he was appointed to lead Royal Bavarian Jagdstaffel 17 . Three days later , August 20 , Geigl was wounded in action by small arms ground fire as he shot down a Caudron . He would not score again until 18 March 1918 ; between then and 3 April 1918 , he would shoot down six more British airplanes . On 4 April 1918 , during a dogfight , he collided with a Sopwith Camel . Geigl was killed and the Camel counted as his thirteenth win . References . " Above the Lines : The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service , Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918 " Norman L . R . Franks , " et al . " Grub Street , 1993 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 73 - 9 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 73 - 1 .
23rd Marine Regiment ( United States ) The 23rd Marine Regiment ( 23rd Marines ) is a reserve infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps . It is headquartered in San Bruno , California and falls under the command of the 4th Marine Division and the Marine Forces Reserve . The regiment comprises twenty units which are geographically dispersed throughout eight states from California to Alabama . The regiment consists of Marine reservists , active duty Marines and active duty Navy personnel . The regimental headquarters is located in San Bruno , California . History . World War II . The 23d Marine Regiment was activated on 20 July 1942 at New River , North Carolina ; was assigned to the 4th Marine Division in February 1943 and relocated during July 1943 to Camp Pendleton , California . During World War II , the 23rd Marines participated in the following campaigns : Kwajalein , Saipan , Tinian , and the Battle of Iwo Jima . During the fierce fighting which occurred in the Pacific Theater , four Marines of the 23rd Marine Regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor for valor : For its actions against enemy forces , 23d Marines received the following awards : Presidential Unit Citation Streamer with one Bronze Star , the Navy Unit Commendation , the American Campaign Streamer with four Bronze Stars , and the World War II Victory Streamer . In October 1945 , the Regiment was again relocated to Camp Pendleton and was subsequently deactivated on 15 November 1945 . 1950s to the 1990s . The 23rd Marine Regiment was reactivated on 1 February 1966 in Alameda , California and assigned during the same month to the 4th Marine Division , USMCR . 3rd Battalion , 23rd Marines was activated in Nov 1990 and deployed to Saudi Arabia for Desert Shield . 3 / 23 was attached to the 8th Marine Regiment of the 2nd Marine Division and deployed along the Kuwait / Saudi Arabian border conducting patrolling and security operations . 2 days before G - Day , 3 / 23 attacked into Kuwait at Umm Gudair to secure forward artillery positions for the support of the attack into Kuwait . With this action , 3 / 23 became the first unit of the 2nd Marine Division to enter combat since World War II . 3 / 23 continued to advance as part of 8th Marines , fighting actions into Kuwait City when the ceasefire was called . In December 1990 , the 2nd Battalion and 1st Battalion were activated in January 1991 as part of the 23d Marines which were mobilized by Presidential call - up to support Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm . 2 / 23d Marines responded to the eruption of Mt . Pinatubo in the Philippine islands in 1991 and provided critical humanitarian relief . Global War on Terror . The 23rd Marine Regiment , either in whole or in part , have been activated multiple times including 2003 , 2006 , and 2009 . In June , 2012 , the 23d Marine Regimental Headquarters Company deployed to Barbados , Caribbean for Tradewinds 2012 .
23rd Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) 23rd Infantry Division . The German 23rd Infantry Division was a military unit operational during World War II . It was organized along standard lines for a German infantry division . It was non - motorised and relied on horse - drawn wagons for its mobility . The unit carried the nickname " Grenadierkopf " . The 23rd Infantry participated in the Invasion of Poland in 1939 as part of the reserve component of the 4th Army . The division was commanded by Walter Graf von Brockdorff - Ahlefeldt and consisted of the 9th , 67th , and 68th infantry regiments . 26th Panzer Division . In July 1942 , the division was reorganized as the 26th Panzer Division . It then served occupation duties in the west until mid - 1943 , whereupon it transferred to Italy to resist the Allied invasion , fought at Salerno , and remained in Italy for the rest of the war , surrendering to the British near Bologna at the end . New 23rd Infantry Division . In November 1942 a new 23rd Infantry Division was formed , with the new 9th and 67th regiments called " Grenadier " to distinguish them from the original 9th and 67th regiments now called " Panzergrenadier " in the 26th Panzer Division . This new division served on the Eastern Front for the remainder of the war , ultimately surrendering in East Prussia .