naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charleston - class amphibious cargo ship The " Charleston " - class amphibious cargo ships were a class of amphibious cargo ship s in service with the United States Navy . These ships served in Amphibious Readiness Group s between 1968 and 1994 . The ships were the last amphibious cargo ships built for the U . S . Navy , their role having been taken over by amphibious transport docks . Service . Built in the late 1960s , these ships participated in the Vietnam War . Four of the five ships in the class had been transferred to the reserve fleet in the late 1970s and early 1980s . The need for additional sealift capacity resulted in all four being returned to the active fleet in 1982 . They are among the first Navy ships to have a fully automated main propulsion plant ( 600 - pound pressure with superheat , known as a " Super Six . " ) . The lead ship of the class , was decommissioned in 1992 , and was joined by in November 1992 . The remaining ships were decommissioned in 1994 . All ships are mothball ed for possible activation in the future . Design . The assigned mission of the amphibious cargo ship was to transport and land combat equipment and material with attendant personnel in an amphibious assault . To optimize their capability for combat loading , they provided considerable flexibility in cargo stowage methods . The cargo elevators servicing holds 1 , 3 , and 4 make all categories of supplies and all levels available simultaneously to either the main deck or the helicopter platform . Use of the ship ' s forklift s and pallet transporters speed the maneuvering of cargo in the holds and enable delivery to various debarkation stations via the main deck passageways , which run the length of the ship . The arrangement and quantity of booms and cargo elevators make it possible to simultaneously embark / debark vehicles and cargo . Vehicles in upper stowage spaces can be embarked / debarked through the hatches with cargo booms , while pallets are embarked / debarked in lower stowage spaces by elevators . The main deck hatch of hold 2 is unobstructed and can be opened for embarking / debarking of vehicles without the delay of unloading landing craft stowed on the hatch . Hold 4 is well suited for high priority cargo because of its direct access to the flight deck or main deck via elevator number 5 .
Armée secrète ( Belgium ) The Secret Army or AS ( , ) was the largest organization in the Belgian Resistance during the Second World War . It was loyal to the Belgian Government in Exile . Background . Following the defeat of Belgium in the 18 days ' campaign of 1940 , many former soldiers and officers from the army formed the " Légion Belge " in the spring of 1941 . The " Légion " was greatly weakened by political squabbles amongst its members and was reluctant to work with the government in exile . After the arrest of one of the leaders of the " Légion " , Charles Claser , the movement reformed with the name " Armée de Belgique " . The Armée was hit by a wave of arrests in 1943 after it was infiltrated by undercover Abwehr agents . From 1943 , many former members of the " Armée de Belgique " and " Légion Belge " reformed into a new group , with the support of the government in exile called the Armée Secrète ( AS ) . History . As in it predecessors , many of the founders of the AS were former members of the Belgian Army and so the group followed a more traditional military structure than other resistance groups in the country . Its objectives were not exclusively military ; many of the founding members of the group predicted the need for a national force to police the country after liberation as well as providing an organization which the Government in Exile could negotiate with . The AS was by far the largest resistance group in Belgium , with between 45 , 000 - 54 , 000 members at its height in 1944 . However , only a minority of those ( around 7 , 000 ) were armed and served in a military capacity . Around 4 , 000 members of the " Armée secrète " were killed in or before the liberation of Belgium in September 1944 . Structure . The structure of the AS was highly decentralized . Many of the regional cells of the organizations - which were organized as subsidiaries of the national organization - did not necessarily share the political aims and objectives of the national leadership . Different " zones " and " sectors " around the country were assigned to the groups which operated within them :
Bell UH - 1 The Bell UH - 1 Iroquois is a military helicopter powered by a single , turboshaft engine , with a two - bladed main rotor and tail rotor . The helicopter was developed by Bell Helicopter to meet the United States Army ' s requirement for a medical evacuation and utility helicopter in 1952 , and first flew on 20 October 1956 . Ordered into production in March 1960 , the UH - 1 was the first turbine - powered helicopter to enter production for the United States military , and more than 16 , 000 have been produced worldwide . The first combat operation of the UH - 1 was in the service of the U . S . Army during the Vietnam War . The original designation of " HU - 1 " led to the helicopter ' s nickname of " Huey . " In September 1962 , the designation was changed to UH - 1 , but " Huey " remained in common use . Approximately 7 , 000 UH - 1 aircraft saw service in Vietnam .
Patricio Carvajal Vice Admiral Patricio Carvajal Prado ( 16 July 1916 — 16 July 1994 ) , was a Chilean admiral , several times Minister and one of the principal leaders of the 1973 Chilean coup d ' état that ousted President Salvador Allende . He joined the navy in 1931 , where he was a classmate of future Admiral José Toribio Merino , and together they were commissioned as ensigns in 1935 . In 1941 , was promoted to lieutenant ; in 1950 , to captain and in 1955 , to commander . Carvajal was an artillery specialist . In 1958 , he was commissioned to study anti - submarine warfare . In 1960 , was the commander of the training - ship " Esmeralda " . In 1966 , was designed as Naval Attache to London . Since 1967 , he was the Navy Chief of Staff . In 1973 , he was the Armed Forces General Chief of Staff . Following the coup , he was appointed as Minister of Defense in 1973 and again from 1983 to 1990 . He was also Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1974 to 1978 . Carvajal committed suicide after a long bout with cancer .
Arthur Cochrane ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro Cochrane KCB ( 24 September 1824 – 20 August 1905 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Pacific Station . Naval career . Born the third son of the tenth Earl of Dundonald , Cochrane joined the Royal Navy in 1839 . He fought at Acre where he was wounded during the Oriental Crisis in 1840 and then served in the Baltic Sea during the Crimean War where he devised a method of towing torpedo s to their target using kite s in 1855 . Promoted to Captain in 1854 , he was given command of HMS " Horatio " at Sheerness and then of HMS " Niger " in which he took part in the destruction of the Chinese Fleet in October 1856 during the Second Opium War . He later commanded HMS " Warrior " and then HMS " Cumberland " . He was appointed Superintendent of Sheerness dockyard in 1869 and Commander - in - Chief , Pacific Station in 1873 . He retired in 1886 . In retirement he was involved in managing the Trinidad Lake Asphalt Company .
ACE High ACE High was an abbreviation for Allied Command Europe ; a NATO communications system which dates back to 1956 . The system was decommissioned in the late 1980s and its frequencies reallocated for commercial radiotelephone service . The system was designed to be an UHF troposcatter radio system , which was meant to provide long - range communication service in the form of telephone and telegraph in the NATO chain of command . These services combined produced over 200 channels and equipment was in place to multiplex them to contain up to 12 different calls each . There were 82 stations , located in 9 different NATO countries . The transmitters broadcast at 832 . 56 to 959 . 28 MHz and some were able to produce a transmitting power of about 10 kilowatts . ACE High sites . The ACE High network included the following major sites and terminals , but also connected LOS ( line of sight ) microwave links to other networks reaching C2 centres not listed here .
Combat Logistics Regiment 35 The Combat Logistics Regiment 35 ( CLR - 35 ) is a logistics unit of the United States Marine Corps and is headquartered at Camp Kinser , Okinawa , Japan . The unit falls under the 3rd Marine Logistics Group ( 3rd MLG ) and the III Marine Expeditionary Force ( III MEF ) . The unit was formerly known as 3rd Materiel Readiness Battalion but officially changed its designation on October 20 , 2006 . Mission . Provides integrated intermediate supply and maintenance support to III Marine Expeditionary Force ( III MEF ) including isolated components in garrison and when deployed as an MEF or as a part of a Marine Air - Ground Task Force in expeditionary conditions .
Terence E . McKnight Rear Admiral Terence E . McKnight , United States Navy , is a former American naval officer in command a new multi - national naval force tasked to confront piracy activities off the coast of Somalia . Educational Background . Rear Admiral Terence E . McKnight , a native of Norfolk , Virginia , graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in May 1978 . He completed his master ' s degree in International Relations at Salve Regina University in May 1998 . Additionally , he graduated from the U . S . Army War College in 1994 and attended the National Security Seminar at Syracuse University in 2001 . Sea Duty . Rear Admiral McKnight ' s early sea duty assignments included the USS El Paso ( LKA - 117 ) , USS John L . Hall ( FFG - 32 ) , USS Shreveport ( LPD - 12 ) and Executive Officer of the USS Cayuga ( LST - 1186 ) . He commanded the USS Whidbey Island ( LSD - 41 ) from January 1995 until November 1996 and the USS Kearsarge ( LHD - 3 ) from July 2002 until December 2003 . Shore Duty . Duties ashore included the Bureau of Naval Personnel ( BUPERS ) as Assistant Lieutenant Commander Detailer , Aide and Administrative Assistant to the Chief of Naval Personnel , Surface Warfare Officers School , Command Training Department as Head Expeditionary Warfare Instructor , the Office of the Secretary of Defense ( OSD ) , Executive Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( Manpower & Reserve Affairs ) , the Office of Chief of Naval Operations N6 / N7 , and Executive Assistant to the Under Secretary of the Navy . McKnight currently serves as the 85th Commandant of Naval District Washington ( the oldest continuously operated Navy installation in the nation ) , and the Deputy Commander of the Joint Force Headquarters National Capital Region . Last Assignment . As of January 8 , 2009 , Admiral McKnight commanding a new multi - national naval force to confront piracy off the coast of Somalia . This new anti - piracy force was designated Combined Task Force 151 ( CTF - 151 ) , a multinational task force of the Combined Maritime Forces ( CMF ) . In the summer of 2009 , Admiral McKnight retired from the Navy . In October 2012 he authored a book on maritime piracy titled - " Pirate Alley - Commanding Task Force 151 in the Gulf of Aden " After Retirement . McKnight is currently employed by Cobham plc . Vice President for Government Relations at Cobham ' s Defense System Division . Honors and awards . McKnight ' s personal decorations include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit , Bronze Star , Defense Meritorious Service Medal , Meritorious Service Medal , Navy Commendation Medal , Navy Achievement Medal , as well as various other unit awards and decorations . References . http : / / www . navy . mil / navydata / bios / navybio . asp ? bioID = 311 http : / / www . msnbc . msn . com / id / 27401508 / http : / / www . globalsecurity . org / military / library / news / 2009 / 01 / mil - 090108 - nns02 . htm
Siege of Malmö The Siege of Malmö was fought during the night between June 25 and 26 ( Julian calendar ) , 1677 . Prelude . The fortified town of Malmö was the only Swedish stronghold that had not fallen into the hands of the Danes and during 1676 and 1677 it was used as a base for Swedish operations in the southwest corner of Skåne . To win the war king Christian V therefore had to capture Malmö . The siege began on June 10 , when the Danish navy anchored in the roadstead north of the town and the Danish army camped on the plain south of the town . Danish engineers soon begun digging trenches leading up to the castle in the west and to the eastern and southern gates in the town wall . On the 12 the Danes brought in 28 siege guns and 27 mortars that started bombarding the castle and the town walls . The Swedish administration was not sure about the loyalty of the civilian citizens as they had only been under Swedish rule since 1658 . But reports from Kristianstad about how the Danish king Christian V had allowed his soldiers three hours of plunder after the capture of the town in August 1676 ensured the citizens that their best option was to support the Swedes . Battle . The bombardment became more intense on the evening of the 25 and at 1 o ' clock AM the battle begun with a Danish sham attack on the castle Malmöhus , followed by two full attacks on the city . One at the southern gate ( Söderport ) and one at the eastern gate ( Österport ) . The Danes used fascines , ladders and pontoons to cross the moat . After a fearsome fight the Danish guard under command of Siegfried von Bibow was able to break through the defence close to the eastern gate . However , as soon as Danish troops reached the crest of the town wall the Danish artillery ceased to fire and this gave the defenders the opportunity to man their guns . The Swedish artillery soon begun firing on Danish troops making their way across the moat and this not only killed a lot of Danish soldiers but also made it impossible for the Danes to bring reinforcements to von Bibow . On the inside of the town wall von Bibow had too few men to force his way to the gate and open it and eventually he and all his men were cut down by Swedish soldiers and townsmen . Another attack on the other side of the eastern gate made it to the crest of the wall , but no further , while the attacks at the southern gate failed to even cross the moat . Aftermath . On the 5 July the Danish army began its retreat back north to Landskrona . The Danes had not only lost the initiative in the war but also its best troops and some of its most skilled commanders . It has been suggested that the later is one of the main reasons why the Danes lost at the battle of Landskrona a few weeks later .
USS Lynx ( SP - 2 ) " Note : USS " Lynx " ( SP - 2 ) should not be confused with patrol vessel " " USS " Lynx II " SP - 730 " " , later USS " SP - 730 " , which served in the United States Navy during the same period . " The second USS " Lynx " ( SP - 2 ) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel and aviation support craft from 1917 to 1919 . " Lynx " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1916 by the George Lawley & Son at Neponset , Massachusetts . Her owner , Nathaniel F . Ayers , had her built specifically for participation in the Coast Defense Reserve as part of the Preparedness Movement . During her time in private hands in 1916 and early 1917 , she participated in Coast Defense Reserve exercises . By March 1917 she was armed and had U . S . Navy personnel aboard . The United States entered World War I in April 1917 , and the Navy officially purchased her from Ayers on 21 April 1917 . She was commissioned as USS " Lynx " ( SP - 2 ) on 9 July 1917 with Ensign A . T . Dayer in command . " Lynx " initially served as a patrol boat in the 2nd Naval District , based at Newport , Rhode Island . In August 1917 she moved to Europe , where she was assigned to aviation support duty . " Lynx " returned to the United States after World War I , arriving at New York City from Europe on 30 March 1919 . She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 24 August 1919 . For purposes of disposal , she was condemned to be burned , and was burned on 4 September 1919 .
Sophus Christensen Sophus Christensen ( 22 January 1848 – 24 January 1920 ) was a Norwegian military officer . Personal life . He was born in Sandefjord as a son of ship - owner and merchant Søren Lorents Christensen ( 1810 – 1862 ) and Othilie Juliane Kruge ( 1820 – 1903 ) . He was a younger brother of physician and politician Julius Christensen and whaler Christen Christensen . Through the former he was a brother - in - law of Dorothea Christensen , and through the latter an uncle of Lars Christensen . In 1894 he married physician ' s daughter Margrethe Castberg Ebbesen from Sandefjord . She was a daughter of mayor Jørgen Tandberg Ebbesen . The couple settled in Langesund . Career . Christensen became an officer in 1870 , and after attending the Central School in Kristiania and Stockholm in 1874 – 1875 he reached the rank of Premier Lieutenant . He notably participated in the Russo - Turkish War of 1877 – 1878 . His main career was in Norway , though , and via Captain in 1889 he reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1902 . He belonged to the Sixth Brigade , then the First Brigade from 1906 . He retired from active service in 1908 . He was among the founders of the interest organization Norges Forsvarsforening in 1886 , was active here , and wrote prolifically for the reconstruction and expansion of Norway ' s armed forces . Pieces include " Om den norske Hærs Krigsdygtighed " ( 1880 ) , " Nationen og Armeen " ( 1898 ) , " Infanteriets øvelser og sagkyndigheden " ( 1898 ) , " Legemsøvelser i folkeskolen " ( 1900 ) and " Forsvarets Genrejsning " ( 1901 ) . In " Nationen og Armeen " , he argued that war in itself was a necessary baptism by fire , and that war contributed to the evolution of mankind . He became often referred to by the Norwegian labour movement , since he proposed budget increases that the labour movement thought too high . He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St . Olav and a Knight , Second Class of the Russian Order of St . Anna and the Order of Saint Stanislaus . Christensen died in January 1920 and was buried in Sandar . A memorial stone was raised at his grave by " Friends of the Norwegian Defence " .
Helios 2 ( satellite ) The Helios 2 system includes Helios 2A and Helios 2B , both of which are European military observation satellites used by France , Belgium , Spain and Greece . Helios 2A was launched on December 18 , 2004 by an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana . Helios 2B was launched five years later on December 18 , 2009 , carried also by an Ariane 5 . The two satellites are identical . Their ground resolution is about 30 cm .
William Gray ( aviator ) Lieutenant William Edrington Gray ( born 11 October 1898 , date of death unknown ) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . Gray was born in Berwick - on - Tweed , England on 11 October 1898 . He joined the Royal Naval Air Service on 25 July 1917 . By May 1918 , when Gray went operational , the RNAS had been incorporated into the Royal Air Force . Gray was assigned to a former naval squadron , No . 213 , as a Sopwith Camel pilot . On 19 May 1918 , Gray was patrolling with William Pinder . " Vizefeldwebel " Triebswetter of Jasta 16 pulled away from burning a Belgian observation balloon when the British pair shot him down . This began a run of victories for Gray that ran almost to war ' s end . Gray won a Distinguished Flying Cross on 2 November 1918 . He also received two belated awards in early 1919 , being Mentioned in Despatches and winning the " Croix de guerre " . Gray ' s postwar history is unknown . List of aerial victories . See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Honours earned . Distinguished Flying Cross " Since May last this officer has destroyed three enemy machines and has taken part in five low - bombing raids . He is a most efficient officer , possessing great presence of mind , and invariably displaying cool courage in difficult situations . On a recent occasion he led a formation of forty machines to bomb an aerodrome ; this was most successfully accomplished , and was largely due to Lieut . Gray ' s able and skilful leadership . Mentioned in Despatches gazetted on 1 January 1919 . Croix de guerre with Palme gazetted 7 February 1919
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force The Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force ( VCSAF ) is the second highest - ranking military officer in the United States Air Force . In the event that the Chief of Staff of the Air Force ( CSAF ) is absent or is unable to perform his duties , the VCSAF assumes the duties and responsibilities of the CSAF . The VCSAF may also perform other duties that the Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF ) , the Secretary of the Air Force ( SECAF ) or the CSAF assigns to him . The VCSAF is appointed by the President of the United States and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate . By statute , the VCSAF is appointed as a four - star general . The current Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force is General Larry O . Spencer .
546th Aircraft Control and Warning Group The 546th Aircraft Control and Warning Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was assigned to the 33d Air Division , stationed at Tinker Air Force Base , Oklaholma . It was inactivated on 4 June 1951 . This command and control organization activated on 19 March 1951 , and was responsible for the organization , manning and equipping of new Aircraft Control and Warning ( Radar ) units . It was dissolved with the units being assigned directly to the 33d AD . Components
Thornycroft type destroyer leader The Thornycroft type leader or " Shakespeare " class were a class of five destroyer leader s designed by John I . Thornycroft & Company and built by them at Woolston , Southampton for the Royal Navy towards the end of World War I . They were named after historical naval leaders . Only " Shakespeare " and " Spenser " were completed in time for wartime service . The other three were completed after the war , " Broke " and " Keppel " after being towed to Royal dockyard s for completion , and two further ships - " Saunders " and " Spragge " - were cancelled . The function of a leader was to carry the flag staff of a destroyer flotilla , therefore they were enlarged to carry additional crew , offices and signalling equipment , allowing a fifth gun to be carried . These ships were very similar to the Admiralty type leader , but had broad , slab - sided funnels characteristic of Thornycroft designs . The design was used as the basis for several ships built for foreign navies in the 1920s . Ships . The first two ships to this design were ordered under the War Emergency Programme , in April 1916 , and the third - " Wallace " - in April 1917 : Four more were ordered from Thornycroft in April 1918 , but with the end of the War the first pair were completed by HM Dockyards and the second pair were cancelled ; the second ship was initially named " Rooke " , but was renamed " Broke " in April 1921 . Two more vessels were ordered at the same time to by built to this design by Cammell Laird , but it was subsequently decided to build these instead to the Admiralty class leader design and in the event both were subsequently cancelled :
3rd Luftwaffe Field Division ( Germany ) 3 . Luftwaffen - Feld - Division was formed in mid - 1942 and attached to Heeresgruppe Mitte . It was transferred to the German Army on 1 . November 1943 . and named 3 . Feld - Division ( L ) . Division was disbanded on 22 . January 1944 . after suffering heavy losses at Vitebsk . The remnants were absorbed by 4 . and 6 . Feld - Division ( L ) . Footnotes . 1 . Redesignated IV . / Luftwaffen - Artillerie - Regiment 3 in 1943 ; transferred from the division in Nov 1943 and redesignated I . / Flak - Regiment 43 . milutin Sources Used . Antonio Muñoz - Göring ’ s Grenadiers : The Luftwaffe Field Divisions , 1942 – 1945