naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Spencer Edmund Hollond Major General Spencer Edmund Hollond CB , CMG , DSO ( 19 March 1874 – 5 February 1950 ) was a British Army staff officer during the First World War . Life . He was the second son of John Robert Hollond and attended Harrow School ( there becoming friends with Winston Churchill ) then Trinity College , Cambridge . He joined the Rifle Brigade as a Second Lieutenant in 1895 , rising to Lieutenant in 1897 . He served in the Second Boer War , being mentioned in dispatches , receiving the Queen ' s South Africa Medal with 4 clasps and being promoted to Captain in 1901 . He then served as aide - de - camp to the Duke of Connaught from 1901 to 1904 before being promoted to Major in 1913 . During the First World War he rose to Brigadier General , was mentioned seven times in despatches , won the Distinguished Service Order in 1916 and was a GSO2 on Third Army ' s staff during the battle of the Somme and the battle of Gommecourt , criticising Thomas D ' Oyly Snow ' s planning of the attack and asking Allenby for Snow ' s dismissal . He ended the War as BGGS Inspector - General of Training and with the nickname ' Tom ' Hollond from his troops . After the war he was made a colonel ( 1920 ) , a knight of the Legion of Honour , a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1919 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1920 and attended the opening of Plymouth ' s War Memorial in 1923 . He was colonel commandant of 8th Infantry Brigade ( 1921 – 1925 ) , commandant of the Senior Officers School ( 1925 – 27 ) . He rose to Major - General in 1927 and retired the following year . Marriage and issue . He first married on 5 October 1905 to Lulu Pfizer ( daughter of the American pharmacist Charles Pfizer ) at St George ' s , Hanover Square . Three of the bridesmaids were English , and three American , and the couple received as wedding gifts a loving cup from the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Swedish enamels from Princess Gustav of Sweden . They had one child , Charles Arthur Spencer Hollond ( 1906 – 1929 ) . Lulu Pfizer Hollond had been painted in 1901 by the Swiss - born American artist Adolfo Müller - Ury and exhibited that year at Knoedler ' s in New York . Lulu died in 1911 and then Spencer re - married on 16 September 1920 to Esther Eliza Sanderson , daughter of Llewellyn Traherne Bassett Sanderson and Lady Rachel Mary Scott . They had one child , Robert Gustof Percy Hollond , in 1921 .
James R . Tryon James Rufus Tryon ( September 24 , 1837 – March 20 , 1912 ) was a medical doctor serving in the United States Navy during and after the American Civil War , who went on to become Surgeon General of the United States Navy . His great grandson LtGen Richard Tryon is the current Commander , United States Marine Corps Forces Command . Biography . Tryon , born in Coxsackie , New York , attended Union College where he was graduated in 1858 with Phi Beta Kappa honors and membership in The Kappa Alpha Society . He then obtained his M . D . degree from the University of Pennsylvania with additional study at the Ecole de Medecin in Paris , France . He was appointed an Acting Assistant Surgeon ( Volunteer ) on March 17 , 1863 . After serving briefly at the United States Naval Hospital in New York City , Tryon spent the last two years of the Civil War at Pensacola , Florida , caring for sick and wounded officers and men of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron . After duty ashore in Boston and Washington , Tryon served in on the Asiatic Squadron from February 4 , 1870 , to December 9 , 1872 . Next came an assignment in New York City from 1873 to 1876 . Following two years in on the North Atlantic Squadron , he was transferred to . Next came duty in New York City for two and a half years , and service in on the Pacific Squadron until 1883 . He served on board on the European Squadron and off Africa until 1887 , when he was assigned to the Medical Examining Board in New York . Tryon was promoted to Medical Inspector on September 22 , 1891 , and served in on the North Atlantic Squadron until 1893 when he was promoted to Surgeon General of the United States Navy with the rank of Commodore . The culmination of his career came on 7 September 1893 when Commodore Tryon became Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and Surgeon General . He retired on September 24 , 1899 . In 1911 , Tryon was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral , retroactive to his date of retirement . Admiral Tryon died on March 20 , 1912 , at the Naval Hospital in New York City where he had begun his naval career almost half a century before .
Volkspolizei - Bereitschaft The Volkspolizei - Bereitschaften ( VPB , German for " Standby " or " Alert People ' s Police " ) were barracked , paramilitary riot police units in East Germany , under the control of the Ministry of the Interior . They had the status of a regiment , and were considered part of the Armed Forces of the German Democratic Republic , even though they were never a part of the National People ' s Army ( NVA ) or the Ministry of National Defence ( East Germany ) . They are often confused with the Kasernierte Volkspolizei , the " military " units of the Volkspolizei , which were transformed into the NVA in 1956 .
Weapons Cache Case The Weapons Cache Case ( , ) was a Finnish criminal case of the mid - 1940s . It concerned a secret military operation following the Continuation War , where a large number of Finnish Army weapons and equipment was hidden away around the country . Following the Moscow Armistice , two officers in Finnish Military HQ , Colonel Valo Nihtilä and Lieutenant Colonel Usko Haahti , started planning countermeasures against a possible Soviet occupation of the country . They came up with the idea of decentralized storing of light infantry weapons , so that in case of occupation , an immediate guerrilla war could be launched . During the demobilization , an organization responsible for hiding the equipment was created and war material was given for safekeeping . A total of 5 , 000 – 10 , 000 people participated in the operation . It was planned that they would hide material for 8 , 000 men , but the participants worked so eagerly that it is supposed they hid material for 35 , 000 soldiers . The case started to unravel in the spring of 1945 , when one man , who had stolen foodstuffs from the cache and sold it on the black market , for fear of reprisal from his comrades , divulged the existence of the caches to the Allied Control Commission ( ACC ) . Initially the ACC was eager to follow the case , but after written orders from Nihtilä and Haahti surfaced , they left the investigation to Valpo , the communist - controlled state police of Finland at the time . Valpo interrogated more than 5 , 000 people but failed to completely crack the case and find all the weapons . Most of the weapons were silently returned to army depots , and some were destroyed , but even today when old buildings are demolished , caches turn up every year . The investigators failed to find out how many people participated in the operation , as the participants tended to be reluctant to divulge meaningful information . In the end , 1 , 488 people were convicted , most of them receiving 1 – 4 months in prison . Decades later , in 1980 , Arvo Tuominen , a former Finnish Communist leader , claimed that the weapons cache case was the tipping point which transferred the power within the Finnish Communist movement from the revolutionary to the parliamentary wing , as the communists feared armed resistance against revolutionary takeover . However , as historian Kimmo Rentola among others has shown , Tuominen ' s claims are to be treated very sceptically .
Boeing C - 108 Flying Fortress C - 108 Flying Fortress was the designation of four United States B - 17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber s which were converted to transport aircraft during World War II . The first C - 108 built ( designated XC - 108 ) was a B - 17E ( " 41 - 2593 " ) converted to a V . I . P . transport for General Douglas MacArthur in 1943 . With the exception of the nose and tail turrets , all armament was removed , as was all armor . The interior of the plane was made into a flying office for MacArthur , with extra windows , cooking facilities , and living space . To facilitate entry and exit , a drop - down door with steps was installed in the rear fuselage . A similar conversion as in XC - 108 was made on a B - 17F - 40 - VE ( " 42 - 6036 " ) . Between August 1943 and March 1944 , another B - 17E ( " 41 - 2595 " ) was converted to a cargo aircraft and designated XC - 108A . Hoping to convert obsolete bombers into cargo aircraft , the United States Army Air Forces initiated a remanufacturing station at Wright - Patterson Air Force Base . The plane was stripped of armament , armor , and other military equipment . Crew locations were shifted , and the nose was modified to provide space for cargo and / or personnel . The cockpit was accessed via the crawlway under it or through the hinged solid nose cone that had replaced the original glazed bombardier station . To increase cargo space , several bulkheads were removed and the bomb bay doors were sealed closed . This allowed much of the fuselage volume to be used to carry cargo or personnel . A B - 17F " 42 - 30190 " was converted ( and given designation XC - 108B ) to tanker service . As in the XC - 108A , it was devoid of armor and weapons , and the fuselage was modified to make space for its cargo . The fuselage was filled with fuel tanks . Was personal VIP transport aircraft of General Douglas MacArthur in 1943 . Based in India , the XC - 108A was used to fly material and personnel over the Himalayas to the B - 29 base in Chengdu , China . Due to chronic engine difficulties , it proved an impractical cargo aircraft . In October 1944 , it was returned to the United States . By the end of the war , it was disassembled and left in a junkyard in Maine . In 1985 , a vintage airplane buff acquired the pieces , and they were transported to an airport in Illinois . The owner hopes to restore it to B - 17E configuration . XC - 108B was to be used in the same line of work as the XC - 108A : carrying material ( in this case , fuel ) over the Himalayas to the base in Chengdu . Variants . Two other cargo transports and VIP transports were made from the B - 17 .
Battle of Clitheroe The Battle of Clitheroe was a battle between a force of Scots and English knights and men at arms which took place on 10 June 1138 during the period of The Anarchy . The battle was fought on the southern edge of the Bowland Fells , at Clitheroe , Lancashire . It took place in the course of an invasion of England by King David I of Scotland . In the summer of 1138 , King David split his army into two forces . One of them , commanded by William fitz Duncan , Mormaer of Moray , marched into Lancashire . There he harried Furness and Craven . On 10 June , William fitz Duncan was met by a force of knights and men - at - arms . A pitched battle took place and the result was that the English army was routed . The battle was a prelude to the Battle of the Standard later in the summer , where the result was reversed .
Gerhard Türke Gerhard Türke ( 1 May 1914 – 21 November 1991 ) was a highly decorated Major der Reserve in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Türke was captured by American troops in April 1945 in the Ruhr Pocket . After the war he returned to teaching and later became a principal .
Mimura Iechika However , issues began to arise with the Shō family , and so Iechika turned to Mōri Motonari for support . The Mōri clan came to Iechika ' s aid , and assisted in largely subduing the province under the Mimura . At the same time , Iechika moved his headquarters from Tsurukubi Castle to Matsuyama Castle , entrusting the former fortification to his senior vassal Mimura Chikanari . In 1566 , while holding a council with his senior retainers at Kōzenji Temple , Iechika was shot to death by Endō Matajirō and Yoshijirō , two brothers who had received orders from Ukita Naoie . It was an uncommon killing , as gun assassinations were still rare at the time .
C1W reactor The C1W reactor is a nuclear reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and propulsion on warship s . C1W reactors , like all United States Naval reactor s , are pressurized water reactors . The C1W designation stands for : This type of nuclear propulsion plant was used exclusively on the " Long Beach " - class guided missile cruiser , the world ' s first nuclear - powered cruiser . The C1W was the only nuclear reactor ever explicitly earmarked for a cruiser ( two of them , powering two geared turbines ) with all subsequent nuclear cruisers powered by " D " - class ( or destroyer - type ) reactors . The , commissioned September 1961 , was decommissioned May 1995 .
201st Coastal Division ( Italy ) The 201 Coastal Division was an Infantry Division of the Italian Army during World War II . The division was based in the south of France and then pulled back into Italy and based in Genova as part of the Italian XV Corps until the Italian surrender to the Allies in September 1943 . Coastal divisions , were second line divisions , usually formed from men in their forties and fifties intended to perform labour and second line duties . Recruited locally they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement . Their equipment was also second rate , Mussolini had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army , but this had often been sabotaged of arrived with no ammunition .
Sher Singh Attariwalla General Sher Singh was a royal military commander and a member of the Sikh nobility during the period of the Sikh Empire in the mid - 19th century in Punjab . He commanded the Sikh Khalsa army in the Second Anglo - Sikh War against the British East India Company . His father was General Chattar Singh Attariwalla . General Sher Singh and the army , under his command , gave a devastating blow to the British Army at Chillianwala . Under his command the Sikh Khalsa Army managed to successfully defend its position against a British army at the Battle of Chillianwala . Both armies retreated after the battle , with both sides claiming victory , although it became clear after the rains subsided that the Sikhs had defeated the British . . It was one of the hardest fought battles in the British Army ' s history . The loss of British prestige at Chillianwala was one of the factors , which contributed to the Indian First War of independence Sepoy Mutiny some nine years later . Within the British Army , such was the consternation over the events at Chillianwalah that , after the disastrous Charge of the Light Brigade , when Lord Lucan remarked " " This is a most serious matter " " , General Airey replied , " " It is nothing to Chillianwalah . " " With the establishment of British control Sher Singh Attariwalla was forced into exile from Punjab . The British feared that such a powerful leader could reignite a full scale war with them . Sher Singh died in exile , in Benares in 1858 , away from his homeland of Punjab .
Gerhard Köppen Gerhard Köppen ( 17 May 1918 – 5 May 1942 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Gerhard Köppen is credited with 85 victories in 380 sorties and was posted missing in action on 5 May 1942 . Military career . Gerhard Köppen joined the military service in 1936 . His initial posting was with Kampfgeschwader 1 " Hindenburg " ( KG 1 ) before he was selected for fighter pilot conversion training in 1939 . He was transferred to the 7th " Staffel " of Jagdgeschwader 52 ( JG 52 ) in 1941 . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes " ) after 40 aerial victories . He claimed four aircraft shot down on 24 February 1942 and was decorated with Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( " Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub " ) after 72 aerial victories on 27 February 1942 . He was promoted to Leutnant on 1 April 1942 . He was posted as missing in action following combat flying a Bf 109 F - 4 " white 4 " ( " Werknummer " 7303 — factory number ) north of Akmonaj . Köppen was last seen swimming in the Sea of Azov on 5 May 1942 . His brother Eckardt Köppen was killed in action between Hochfließ and Grünweiden southeast of Gumbinnen on 15 January 1945 as " Unteroffizier " and company troop leader of the 1 . / Fallschirm - Panzer - Pionier - Bataillon 2 " Hermann Göring " . He posthumously received the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 15 March 1945 .
HMS Sheerness ( 1743 ) HMS " Sheerness " was a 24 - gun sixth rate frigate of the Royal Navy launched in 1743 . She captured the Jacobite " Le Prince Charles " ( formerly ) on 26 March 1746 in the Kyle of Tongue . She later captured the French " Auguste " off Spain on 18 August 1756 . She was sold in 1768 .
Anthony J . Bryant Anthony J . Bryant ( born 1961 ) is an American author and editor . Biography . Anthony J . Bryant is the author of four books for Osprey Military Publishing on samurai history . He is an historian of Japan specializing in Kamakura , Muromachi , and Momoyama period warrior culture . His areas of interest also include Heian - period court structure and society and Japanese literature . Bryant was born in Franklin , Indiana . After graduating from Florida State University in 1983 with a bachelor ' s degree in Japanese studies , he completed his graduate studies in Japanese studies ( history , language , and armor ) at Takoshoku University in Tokyo , graduating in 1986 . Bryant resided in Japan from 1986 to 1992 . He also has an Master of Arts in Japanese from Indiana University . An authority on the making of Japanese armor , he joined the " Nihon Katchū Bugu Kenkyū Hozon Kai " ( " Japan Association for Arms and Armor Preservation " ) , and was one of four non - Asian members . He has worked as a features editor for the " Mainichi Daily News " , and as editor for the " Tokyo Journal " , an English language monthly magazine . After returning from Japan , he served briefly as editor of " Dragon Magazine " , the flagship publication of TSR , Inc . , the creators of the role - playing game Dungeons and Dragons .
Christoph Karl von Piacsek Christoph Karl von Piacsek was an Hungarian officer in Habsburg military service during the French Revolutionary Wars . He was born in 1749 in Klobusics ( cz : Klobusic ; hu : Klobušice ) , in the commune of Trencsén , in the Kingdom of Hungary . As a " Rittmeister " , or captain of cavalry , in the 9th Hussar Regiment , he received the Knight ' s Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa in 1789 , after combat in Tabor during Austria ' s wars with the Ottoman Empire , and , as a colonel , commanded the 9th Hussars , 1793 – 1797 . In 1793 , during the War of the First Coalition , the 9th Hussars were part of the Army of the Rhine ( Austrian ) , and participated in the skirmishes at Offenbach , Knittelsbach , and Otterheim , and , later , at the storming of the Wissembourg line at Lauffenberg . Following this action , Piacsek , Major Baron von Szoreyny , and several other officers were honored . He was promoted to colonel ( " Oberst " ) in 1793 , and major general 17 March 1797 ( effective 12 May 1797 ) . Injured on 25 May 1799 at a clash between the troops of Andre Massena and Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze at Frauenfeld , near Schaffhausen , he died of his wounds on 12 June 1799 .
French frigate Coquille ( 1795 ) The Coquille ( " shell " ) was a 40 - gun frigate of the French Navy , lead ship of her class . Built as " Patriote " , she was renamed " Coquille " on 30 May 1795 . On 12 October 1798 , she took part in the Battle of Tory Island , where she was captured by the British . She was subsequently recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS " Coquille " , but was destroyed in an accidental fire in December . Thirteen people were killed when her magazine exploded .
Richard A . Appelbaum Richard A . Appelbaum is a retired Rear Admiral in the United States Coast Guard . Biography . A native of Chicago , Illinois , Appelbaum moved to Miami , Florida in 1950 . He is a graduate of the George Washington University Law School . Appelbaum is married to Maureen Eddy Carr and has three children . Career . Appelbaum graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in 1961 . His assignments included serving as Executive Officer of the USCGC Papaw ( WLB - 308 ) in Charleston , South Carolina , the USCGC Eagle ( WIX - 327 ) in New London , Connecticut and the USCGC Westwind ( WAGB - 281 ) in Milwaukee , Wisconsin before commanding the USCGC Vigorous ( WMEC - 627 ) in New London , Connecticut . Eventually , he would be named Chief of Law Enforcement and Defense Operations . Awards received include the Legion of Merit with award star , the Meritorious Service Medal and the Coast Guard Commendation Medal with three award stars .
Dolle Dinsdag Dolle Dinsdag ( Mad Tuesday ) is a Dutch name for Tuesday 5 September 1944 . On this day many rumours were spreading in the occupied Netherlands that the liberation by Allied forces was at hand . On 4 September 1944 the Allies had conquered Antwerp , and any day now ( so the rumours said ) they would advance on the Netherlands . Many Dutchmen prepared to receive and cheer on the Allied liberators . Dutch and Orange flags and pennants were prepared , and many workers left their workplace to wait for the Allies to arrive . German occupation forces and NSB members panicked : documents were destroyed and many fled the Netherlands for Germany . The Allied advance could not continue as the Allies had overextended themselves and had to halt in the South of the Netherlands . The northern part of the Netherlands had to wait until 5 May 1945 for their liberation . Mad Tuesday caused the railway strikes of 1944 that started on 17 September with the code : " De kinderen van Versteeg moeten onder de wol " ( translated " the children of Versteeg must go to bed " ) . The strike would last until the complete Netherlands was liberated on 5 May 1945 ; the government thought that by spreading rumors the Germans would start to panic . It worked , and by announcing the railway strike of 1944 the Germans started to panic even more , and many Germans fled to Germany . The industry and supply route from and to Germany was almost completely stopped , which made it even harder for Germany to defend what still was occupied .
Viriatos Viriatos , named after the Lusitanian leader Viriathus , was the generic name given to Portuguese volunteers who fought with the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War . In the first weeks of the war the Portuguese army tried to form a Viriatos Legion to aid the right - wing insurgents in Spain . The Legion was disbanded before any recruitment drive could take place after pro - Republican incidents in Portugal convinced the government that direct intervention on the side of the Nationalists could cause further unrest . Due to the widespread publicity given to the Viriatos Legion all Portuguese volunteers who subsequently enlisted directly in the Spanish Foreign Legion and Carlist militias were known as Viriatos . According to Beevor , 12 , 000 Portuguese participated . Othen claims the number was closer to 8 , 000 . A Portuguese Military Observation Mission with members drawn from all three branches of the Portuguese military was present in Spain from 1937 onwards with the dual objectives of protecting the interests of Portuguese foreign volunteers and collating information on the lessons learned in the civil war . Although the Mission officially had a non - combatant role its airforce contingent took part in combat missions .