naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Julius A . Raven Julius A . Raven ( 1918 – 1942 ) was a United States Navy officer who received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal for his actions during World War II . Biography . Julius Arthur Raven was born in New York City on 6 January 1918 . He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve as seaman second class on 5 June 1939 at New York City . He was discharged and accepted an appointment as Aviation Cadet on 5 September 1939 . After preliminary flight training at the Naval Reserve Aviation Base , Floyd Bennett Field , Brooklyn , New York , he was assigned advanced training at Naval Air Station Pensacola at Pensacola , Florida . After flight school , Raven was assigned to a patrol squadron in the Pacific , where he served during World War II . On 25 June 1942 , while returning from a combat mission in the Aleutian Islands and flying over Japan ese - controlled waters , Raven sighted the U . S . Navy submarine USS " S - 27 " ( SS - 132 ) , which had run aground on Amchitka Island . Disregarding the danger to his life , Raven skillfully and coolly landed in a rough sea , embarked 13 of the submarines crew , and took off , all without damage to his plane . He safely returned them to Dutch Harbor on Unalaska Island . All of the men of " S - 27 " were later rescued due to the information on their whereabouts provided by Raven . During the Aleutian Islands campaign , Raven conducted dangerous reconnaissance and bombing runs against Japanese - occupied Kiska Island until he was lost at sea while on a mission on 9 August 1942 . Awards . For the " S - 27 " incident , Raven was awarded the Air Medal for meritorious achievement and extreme courage while effecting a rescue at sea . Posthumously , he also received the Distinguished Flying Cross for action against enemy forces during the Aleutian Islands campaign . Namesake . The U . S . Navy destroyer escort USS " Julius A . Raven " ( DE - 600 ) was named for Lieutenant , junior grade , Raven . She was converted during construction into the high - speed transport USS " Julius A . Raven " ( APD - 110 ) , and was in commission as such from 1945 to 1946 .
Circular error probable In the military science of ballistics , circular error probable ( CEP ) ( also circular error probability or circle of equal probability ) is an intuitive measure of a weapon system ' s precision . It is defined as the radius of a circle , centered about the mean , whose boundary is expected to include the landing points of 50 % of the rounds . Concept . The original concept of CEP was based on a circular bivariate normal distribution ( CBN ) with CEP as a parameter of the CBN just as μ and σ are parameters of the normal distribution . Munition s with this distribution behavior tend to cluster around the aim point , with most reasonably close , progressively fewer and fewer further away , and very few at long distance . That is , if CEP is " n " meters , 50 % of rounds land within " n " meters of the target , 43 % between " n " and " 2n " , and 7 % between " 2n " and " 3n " meters , and the proportion of rounds that land farther than three times the CEP from the target is less than 0 . 2 % . This distribution behavior is often not met . Precision - guided munition s generally have more " close misses " and so are not normally distributed . Munitions may also have larger standard deviation of range errors than the standard deviation of azimuth ( deflection ) errors , resulting in an elliptical confidence region . Munition samples may not be exactly on target , that is , the mean vector will not be ( 0 , 0 ) . This is referred to as bias . To apply the CEP concept in these conditions , CEP can be defined as the square root of the mean square error ( MSE ) . The MSE will be the sum of the variance of the range error plus the variance of the azimuth error plus the covariance of the range error with the azimuth error plus the square of the bias . Thus the MSE results from pooling all these sources of error , geometrically corresponding to radius of a circle within which 50 % of rounds will land . Conversion between CEP , RMS , 2DRMS , and R95 . While 50 % is a very common definition for CEP , the circle dimension can be defined for percentages . Approximate formulae are available to convert the distributions along the two axes into the equivalent circle radius for the specified percentage .
Yue Jiu Yue Jiu ( died 197 ) was a military general serving under the warlord Yuan Shu during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history . In 197 , when Yuan Shu was attacking Chen ( 陳 ; in present - day Anhui or Henan ) , the warlord Cao Cao led a campaign against Yuan Shu . When Yuan heard that Cao was coming , he abandoned his army and escaped , leaving behind Qiao Rui , Li Feng , Liang Gang and Yue Jiu to resist Cao . They were defeated by Cao ' s forces and killed .
George Foster Shepley ( Maine and Louisiana ) George Foster Shepley ( January 1 , 1819July 20 , 1878 ) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He was appointed military and 18th Governor of Louisiana by General Benjamin Butler in June 1862 . He later served as a United States federal judge . Education and early career . Born in Saco , Maine , Shepley studied law at Harvard University , and then received an A . B . from Dartmouth College in 1837 . He read law to enter the Bar in 1839 , and was in private practice in Bangor , Maine from 1839 to 1844 , and in Portland , Maine from 1844 to 1861 . He was a U . S . Attorney for the District of Maine from 1848 to 1849 and from 1853 to 1861 . Military career . Shepley joined the army in November 1861 as a colonel of the 12th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment . He served as the acting military mayor of New Orleans from May 20 , 1862July 11 , 1862 . This appointment lasted less than two months before Shepley was appointed military governor of the occupied parishes of Louisiana from 1862 – 1864 , with the rank of brigadier general . Shepley later served as the first military governor of Richmond , Virginia , the Confederate capital . Post - war legal and judicial career . After the war , Shepley returned to his private practice in Portland in 1865 . He was a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867 , and continued in private practice until 1869 . On December 8 , 1869 , Shepley was nominated by President Ulysses S . Grant to a new seat on the United States circuit court for the First Circuit created by 16 Stat . 44 . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 22 , 1869 , and received his commission the same day . He continued in that office until his death . He died in Portland , Maine , on July 20 , 1878 , and is interred at Evergreen Cemetery in that city . His tombstone has his birth date as January 1 , 1819 .
Algiers expedition ( 1541 ) The Algiers expedition of 1541 occurred when Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor attempted to lead a fleet against the Ottoman Empire stronghold of Algiers in modern Algeria . Largely because of stormy weather , the expedition was a disastrous failure . Background . Algiers had been under the control of the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Magnificent since the Capture of Algiers in 1529 by Barbarossa . Barbarossa had left Algiers in 1535 to be named High Admiral of the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople , and was replaced as Governor by Hassan Agha , a eunuch and Sardinian renegade . On the seas , Hassan had at his service the famous Ottoman commanders Dragut , Sālih Reïs and Sinān . Charles V made considerable preparations for the expedition , and he wished to obtain revenge for the recent Siege of Buda ( 1541 ) , but his fleet was severely damaged by a storm , forcing him to abandon the venture . Expedition . Charles V embarked very late in the season , on 28 September 1541 , delayed by troubles in Germany and Flanders . The fleet was assembled in the Bay of Palma , at Majorca . It had more than 500 sails and 24 , 000 soldiers . After enduring difficult weather , the fleet only arrived in front of Algiers on 19 October . The greatest commanders accompanied Charles V on this expedition , including Hernán Cortés , the conqueror of Mexico , though he was never invited to the War Council . Troops were disembarked on 23 October , and Charles established his headquarters on a land promontory surrounded by German troops . Spanish , German and Italian troops , accompanied by 150 knights of Malta , began to land while repelling Algieran opposition , soon surrounding the city , except for the northern part . The fate of the city seemed to be sealed , however the following day the weather became terrible , with heavy rains . Many galleys lost their anchors and 15 were wrecked onshore . Another 33 carrack s sank , while many more were dispersed . As more troops were attempting to land , the Algerians started to make sorties , slaughtering the newly arrived . Charles V was surrounded , and was only saved by the resistance of the Knights of Malta . Andrea Doria managed to find a safer harbour for the remainder of the fleet at Cape Matifu , 5 miles east of Algiers . He enjoined Charles V to abandon his position and join him in Matifu , which Charles V did with great difficulty . From there , still oppressed by the weather , the remaining troops sailed to Bougie , still a Spanish harbour at that time . Charles could only depart for the high seas on 23 November . He finally reached Cartagena , in southeast Spain , on 3 December . The losses were terrible , with 17 galley s and 130 carrack s lost , and countless numbers of sailors and soldiers . Aftermath . The disaster considerably weakened the Spanish , and Hassan Agha took the opportunity to attack Mers - el - Kebir , the harbour of the Spanish base of Oran , in July 1542 .
HMS Cumberland ( 1842 ) HMS " Cumberland " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 21 October 1842 at Chatham Dockyard . She carried a crew of 620 men . In March 1854 she sailed to the Baltic Sea as war with Russia was imminent ( the Crimean War ) . Cumberland was involved in the attack on Bomarsund , Finland in August of that year . She was converted to serve as a training ship in 1870 . " Cumberland " was destroyed by fire in 1889 .
German submarine U - 23 ( 1936 ) German submarine " U - 23 " was a Type IIB U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " , built in Germaniawerft , Kiel . She was laid down on 11 April 1936 and commissioned on 24 September . Career . At 4 : 45 am on 4 October 1939 , " U - 23 " scored one of the " Kriegsmarine " ' s early successes of the war when she torpedoed and sank with gunfire , the merchant ship " Glen Farg " about south - southwest of Sumburgh Head ( southern Shetland ) . One person died , while 16 survivors were picked up by and landed at Kirkwall the next day . In 16 patrols " U - 23 " sank seven ships for a total of including two warship s , as well as damaging a warship and an auxiliary warship . Over the course of her service with the " Kriegsmarine " , " U - 23 " had ten commanding officers , the most famous of whom was " Kapitänleutnant " Otto Kretschmer , who went on to become the top scoring U - boat ace . After service in the Atlantic with the 1st U - boat Flotilla , " U - 23 " served as a training boat with the 21st U - boat Flotilla from July 1940 until September 1942 . " U - 23 " was then refitted and transported overland to the Black Sea port of Konstanza , Romania , with the 30th U - boat Flotilla until September 1944 . Fate . " U - 23 " was scuttled by her crew on 10 September 1944 , off the coast of Turkey in the Black Sea at position to prevent her capture by the advancing Soviets . On 3 February 2008 , " The Daily Telegraph " newspaper reported that " U - 23 " had been discovered by Selçuk Kolay , a Turkish marine engineer , in of water , three miles from the town of Agva .
7th Army ( German Empire ) The 7th Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the II Army Inspection . The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war . History . Formed at the outbreak of World War I , 7th Army formed the extreme left ( southern ) wing of the German Armies on the Western Front . During the execution of the French Plan XVII , the 7th Army covered Alsace , successfully repulsing the French attack in the Battle of Lorraine . It then took part in the Race to the Sea , an attempt by both German and Anglo - French armies to turn each other ' s flank . At the end of the war it was serving as part of " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " . Order of Battle , 30 October 1918 . By the end of the war , the 7th Army was organised as : Commanders . The 7th Army had the following commanders during its existence .
Thomas de Strickland Thomas de Strickland ( 1367 – 30 July 1455 ) was the oldest son of Sir Walter de Strickland ( d 1407 ) , Sheriff of Westmorland , and Margaret de Lathom . He is best known for carrying the banner of St . George at the battle of Agincourt . At war . Biography . On 21 July 1403 he fought on the Royalist side at the Battle of Shrewsbury for Henry IV and was awarded by the King , a sum of £38 and two horses which had belonged to the rebel Henry Percy ( Hotspur ) . He was also rewarded for his valiant efforts by being made Keeper of Inglewood royal forest in Cumberland . He was appointed Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire for 1410 and for 1414 . He was elected knight of the shire ( MP ) for Westmorland in 1404 , 1429 and 1431 . Battle of Agincourt . On Friday 25 October 1415 Thomas and his Men at arms , including a group of elite archers known as " the Kendal Bowmen " , were part of the army of King Henry V that won a major battle at Agincourt in North West France against superior numbers . As Thomas was a Knight in training ( Esq ) he fought dismounted with a sword , it was a question of honour that any one who carried the banner of St . George did so without the protection of shield as they would be protected by their men at arms . Family life . He married Mabel De Beethom , daughter of Sir John de Bethom , in 1405 and had several children : Thomas was finally knighted before 1418 following the Battle of Agincourt . After that time it became common practice amongst noble families to drop the French " de " from family names so Thomas de Strickland became Sir Thomas Strickland .
Battle of Rhodes The Battle of Rhodes was fought in May 1912 as part of the Italo - Turkish War . Italian troops under Lieutenant General Giovanni Ameglio landed on the Turkish held island and took control of it after thirteen days of fighting , ending nearly 400 years of Ottoman rule . The battle became the major engagement during the Italian operations in the Aegean Sea . Italian forces numbered about 9 , 000 - 10 , 400 men supported by a fleet of " Regia Marina " warships . Many of the Italian troops were veterans of the campaigns in Libya , having been shipped from Benghazi and Tobruk . The " Regia Marina " began operating off the island a few days prior to the invasion , on May 1 , the Italian navy cut the communications cable linking Rhodes with the mainland . An unopposed landing in Kalithea Bay began at 4 : 00 am on May 4 and lasted until 2 : 00 pm when the Italians began their march north towards the city of Rhodes . Ottoman Army personnel numbered about 1 , 000 men and officers with a handful of old artillery pieces though another 10 , 000 militia men were recruited from the local Muslim civilian population . At first the Italians overestimated the Ottoman garrison on the island at 2 , 000 - 5 , 000 , therefore they waited until they gathered enough men for the attack . Rhodes was protected by a castle but it was not utilized by the Turks and played no part in the battle . The first line of Turkish defenses was at Smith Plateau , where a few hundred men were stationed . Italian troops attacked the position , while eleven Italian ships bombarded the area . The Turks were routed with significant losses though the Italians reported that only seven of their men were wounded . Ottoman forces retreated that night to the mountains around Psithos and the Italians advanced to within two kilometers of Rhodes and stopped at 7 : 00 pm . When the city was surrendered the following morning at 10 : 00 am , the Italian army marched in without opposition . Meanwhile additional unopposed landings took place at Kalavarda and Malona Bay , both about thirty miles south of Rhodes . On May 7 , the " Wali " of Rhodes was captured with over 100 other Turkish officials by the Italian destroyer " Ostro " . The Turks were trying to flee the islands but instead ended up going to Taranto on May 11 as prisoners . Lieutenant General Ameglio took the offensive again on May 15 against the enemy forces around Psithos . With the landings at Kalavarda and Malona Bay completed Ameglio and his main force were able to surround the Turkish position on three sides while the battleship " Ammiraglio di Saint Bon " bombarded troop concentrations from the fourth . After a nine hour battle the Ottomans were defeated and the battle for Rhodes came to an end when the Turkish commanders surrendered the next day on May 16 . Eighty - three Turks were killed at Psithos , twenty - six were wounded and 983 surrendered . The remaining 10 , 000 militiamen returned to their homes . Four Italians were reported to have been killed in the final engagement and twenty - six men were wounded . After 390 years of Muslim rule , Rhodes was once again controlled by Christian forces .
RAF Fairlop Royal Air Force Station Fairlop or more simply RAF Fairlop was an Royal Air Force station situated near Ilford in Essex . Fairlop is now a district in the London Borough of Redbridge , England . History . RAF Fairlop was first used during the First World War . At that time it was called " Hainault Farm " . It saw service as a Royal Naval Air Station Training School . A small flying club used the site between the wars and there were plans to build a commercial airport there for London , but those plans were later abandoned . The airfield was brought back into military use in late 1940 when three concrete runways in the familiar " A " pattern were constructed . The airfield became operational in September 1941 with the arrival of No . 603 ( City of Edinburgh ) Squadron RAF , flying Supermarine Spitfire s , previously stationed at RAF Hornchurch . Hainault Lodge was used as accommodation for some of the officers . In June 1944 RAF Fairlop became home to No . 24 Balloon Centre with four squadrons forming part of the balloon barrage around London . The balloons were manned by members of the Women ' s Auxiliary Air Force . No 24 Balloon Centre was disbanded in February 1945 and the airfield closed in August 1946 . The airfield was the first RAF airfield to trial underground hangers . Squadrons . Squadrons stationed at RAF Fairlop : Current use . The site was used for gravel extraction and became a country park known as Fairlop Waters with sailing facilities and a golf course .
Claig Castle Claig Castle was a stronghold of the Clan Donald or MacDonald in the south of Scotland . History . The castle was once a massive fort described as a " sea fortress " , which allowed the Macdonald Lord of the Isles to dominate and control the sea traffic north and south through the Hebrides for more than four centuries . The castle remained a stronghold of the MacDonalds until they were subdued in the 17th century by the Clan Campbell . Location . The castle is located at on the Isle of Fraoch Eilean which is just off the Isle of Jura , Scotland .
Agent Pink Agent Pink is the code name for a powerful herbicide and defoliant used by the U . S . military in its Herbicidal Warfare program during the Vietnam War . The name comes from the pink stripe painted on the barrels to identify the contents . It was one of the so - called " rainbow herbicides " that included the more infamous Agent Orange . Agent Pink was only used during the early " testing " stages of the spraying program before 1964 . Agent Pink ' s only active ingredient was 2 , 4 , 5 - trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2 , 4 , 5 - T ) , one of the common phenoxy herbicide s of the era . Agent Pink contained about 60 % – 40 % of this active substance . Even prior to Operation Ranch Hand ( 1962 - 1971 ) it was known that a dioxin , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - para - dioxin ( TCDD ) , is produced as a byproduct of the manufacture of 2 , 4 , 5 - T , and was present in any of the herbicides that used it , but to greater proportion in the earlier Agents , such as Pink . A 2003 " Nature " paper by Stellman et al . , which re - apprised the average TCDD content of Agent Orange from the 3 ppm that USAF had reported to a level of 13 ppm , also estimated that Agent Pink may have had 65 . 5 ppm of TCDD on average . The comparatively smaller amounts of Pink and Purple — spraying of 50 , 312 l of Pink is documented , but an additional 413 , 852 l appear on procurement records — probably deposited a large percentage of the total dioxin .
Brod Veillon Brigadier General Joseph " Brod " Veillon ( born c . 1950 ) is the assistant adjutant general - air for Louisiana . He has served on active duty in the United States Air Force since 1978 . He joined the Louisiana Air National Guard in 1992 . In 2005 , Veillon coordinated the Louisiana National Guard ' s support of Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries search and rescue efforts in response to Hurricane Katrina . Veillon formulates policy pertaining to administration and training of over 1 , 500 Louisiana Air National guardsmen . He serves as principal advisor to the adjutant general on matters pertaining to the Louisiana Air National Guard . He also is the director of Louisiana ’ s Pelican State STARBASE . He graduated from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette , then called the University of Southwestern Louisiana , in 1974 , receiving a bachelor of arts degree . He is a graduate of the United States Air War College . Veillon attended undergraduate pilot training at Laughlin Air Force Base , Texas . He is a command pilot with over 2 , 800 hours in the F - 4 , F - 15 , and F - 16 . At the national level he serves as the Air National Guard Area IV representative to the National Guard Association in Washington , D . C . Veillon was elected president of the Louisiana National Guard ’ s Officer Association in April 2000 . He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on March 30 , 2001 . He also has been commander of the 122nd Air Support and Operations Squadron and director of the Youth Challenge Program at Camp Beauregard , which under his leadership received the 2003 National Outstanding Post Residential Program Award . In 2003 , he received the Meritorious Service Award , an award created by the National Guard Association in 1972 to recognize service or unselfish acts by members of the Civil Air Patrol . He serves as the chair of the Louisiana National Guard joint venture committee . He also has held a seat with the board of directors for Citizens Bank , Ville Platte , Louisiana since 2000 .
Amiens – Glisy Aerodrome Amiens – Glisy Aerodrome ( , ) is an airport serving Amiens , the ] ] of the Somme department of the Picardy ( " Picardie " ) region in France . The airport is located east - southeast of Amiens , in Glisy . The airport is used for general aviation , with no commercial airline service . History . During World War II the airport was used by the German Luftwaffe during the occupation of France . It was attacked by the United States Army Air Force on several occasions in the spring of 1944 . Later , it was liberated by the British Second Army in August 1944 . The airfield was then used by the Americans as a troop carrier and transport airfield flying C - 47 Skytrain aircraft . It was known as Amiens / Glisy Airfield or Advanced Landing Ground B - 48 . Units that were assigned to the airfield were the 315th Troop Carrier Group ( 12AF ) and 1st Troop Carrier Pathfinder Squadron ( Provisional ) ( 9th AF ) . It was also the headquarters of the Twelfth Air Force 52d Troop Carrier Wing . Facilities . The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level . It has one paved runway designated 12 / 30 with an asphalt surface measuring . It also has a parallel unpaved runway with an grass surface measuring .