naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Adalbert von Bredow Friedrich William Adalbert von Bredow ( 24 May 1814 – 3 March 1890 ) was a German cavalry officer . Military career . Born at Briesen near Friesack in Brandenburg , to Major Friedrich von Bredow and Bernhardine Sophie ( née von Wulffen ) , he joined the " Garde - Husaren - Regiment " in 1832 . By 1859 , he had been given command of the 4th Dragoon Regiment . As a colonel , von Bredow led the 2nd Cavalry Brigade in the Austro - Prussian War of 1866 , and was promoted to Major general . He is best known as a hero of the Franco - Prussian War after the battle of Mars - la - Tour on August 16 , 1870 . During this battle he commanded the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade on one of the last successful massed cavalry charges in warfare . Before his assault von Bredow stated of that " it will cost what it will . " " Von Bredow ' s Death Ride " resulted in massive casualties on the Prussian forces but he managed to defeat a French force that outnumbered them four to one . The event was used in the following decades by military tacticians to argue that cavalry charges could still win battles . Von Bredow was promoted to Lieutenant general and given command of the 18th Infantry Division . Family Life . Von Bredow married Elise Cäcilie Friederike Kühne in 1849 , and they had eleven children together . He wrote an autobiography called " Aus meinem Leben " which was published in 1885 . He died at the family estate at Briesen .
Battle of Cañada The Battle of Cañada was part of the Taos Revolt , a popular insurrection against the American occupation of New Mexico by Mexicans and Pueblo Indians . It took place on January 24 , 1847 , during the Taos Revolt , a conflict of the Mexican - American War . Battle . Insurgents , Mexicans and Pueblo Indians in New Mexico under the leadership of Pablo Chavez , Pablo Montoya , Jesus Tafoya and Diego Archuleta , began marching south toward the American - held city of Santa Fe . Before reaching their destination , they would be intercepted by the American garrison of Santa Fe , resulting in battle . Colonel Sterling Price , commander of the U . S . forces in Santa Fe , heard of this insurgent movement and assembled a force of about 365 soldiers and militia to march north and intercept them . Price met the large insurgent force on a hilltop position near the presidio town of Santa Cruz de la Cañada . Price attacked and drove off the insurgents inflicting 36 deaths , including Jesus Tafoya , one of the leaders . The Mexicans retreated to strategic pass that guarded the principal route to Taos . A few days later Price again defeated the insurgents at the Battle of Embudo Pass and drove them back into fortifications at Pueblo de Taos .
Pioneer ( submarine ) Pioneer was the first of three submarines privately developed and paid for by Horace Lawson Hunley , James McClintock and Baxter Watson . Hunley , McClintock and Watson built " Pioneer " in New Orleans , Louisiana . " Pioneer " was tested in February 1862 in the Mississippi River , and was later towed to Lake Pontchartrain for additional trials , but the Union advance towards New Orleans the following month prompted the men to abandon development and scuttle " Pioneer " in the New Basin Canal . The team followed with the " American Diver " , built after relocating to Mobile , Alabama . The scuttled " Pioneer " was raised and examined by Union troops . The New Orleans " Times - Picayune " of 15 February 1868 reported " Pioneer " had been sold for scrap . The Bayou St . John Confederate Submarine , now in the collection of the Louisiana State Museum , was for decades misidentified as " Pioneer " . The Bayou submarine and " Pioneer " may have undergone trials at about the same time and confusion between the two may date back to contemporary accounts ; it is not clear which of the two was constructed first . A life size model of the " Pioneer " can be viewed and explored at the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Maritime Museum , in Madisonville , Louisiana .
Nazi Ghost Train The Nazi Ghost Train is the popular name for a train that , at the beginning of September 1944 , was intended to transport the political prisoners and Allied airmen held at Saint - Gilles prison in Brussels , to camps in Germany . Its mission was thwarted by Belgian railway men who delayed the progress of the train for so long that , with the approaching Allies entering the city , the Germans abandoned the idea . They released the political prisoners ( but not the Allied POWs ) at Klein - Eiland / La Petite - Ile station in Brussels , using the train instead to take troops back to Germany . Note that ' Ghost Train ' is something of a misnomer since both the Germans and ( especially ) the Belgian railway workers knew exactly where the train was at all times . History . The train itself was a line of 30 or so goods wagon s formed up by the German SS troops at Bruxelles Midi Railway Station . It was filled with 1 , 370 political prisoners and 41 Allied airmen from Saint - Gilles prison , and destined for prison camps in Germany . The train had been scheduled to leave in the early morning of Saturday 2 September 1944 but was delayed by railway workers until nearly five o ' clock in the afternoon . Further delaying tactics resulted in the train only getting as far at Mechelin / Malines that evening and then diverting to Muizen for water replenishment . On leaving Muizen station next morning , further problems ( mostly due to sabotage ) were encountered and the train eventually returned to Klein - Eiland / La Petite - Ile at 10 : 15 Sunday morning . More ( deliberate ) confusion resulted in the locomotive for the train being detached and no suitable replacement being found . Following negotiations with various officials , including the Red Cross , the political prisoners were released from the train at 12 . 30 and the Germans took the train over for their own troops that afternoon . The train only got as far as Schaerbeek that evening before it was shunted into the railway yards there . In the confusion , several wagons , including the one holding the POWs , were derailed and abandoned . The POWs escaped in small groups throughout the night .
Torpedoboot Ausland The Torpedoboot Ausland ( = " foreign torpedo boats " ) were small destroyer s or large torpedo boat s captured by Nazi Germany and incorporated into the Kriegsmarine . They were assigned a number beginning with TA References . . * Gardiner , R . Chesnau , R . ( 1980 ) : " Conways All the Worlds Fighting Ships " 1922 - 1946 ISBN 0 - 85177 - 146 - 7
USS Drew ( APA - 162 ) USS " Drew " ( APA - 162 ) was a " Haskell " - class attack transport acquired by the U . S . Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas . " Drew " ( " APA - 162 " ) was launched 14 September 1944 by Oregon Shipbuilding Corp . , Portland , Oregon , under a Maritime Commission contract ; sponsored by Mrs . G . De Garmo ; and commissioned 22 October 1944 , Commander D . H . Swinson , USNR , in command . World War II service . " Drew " sailed from San Pedro , California , 10 December 1944 with passengers for Seattle , Washington , where she loaded cargo , departing on the 18th for Honolulu . She sailed from Pearl Harbor 8 January 1945 to deliver cargo to Guam and Ulithi during her passage to Leyte where she arrived 10 February . After training and rehearsal landings , she sailed 21 March for the invasion of Okinawa , and on 26 March began landing her troops on Kerama Retto and other small islands off Okinawa . Okinawa operations . " Drew " landed assault troops 16 April 1945 , returning to Okinawa the next day with casualties aboard . She carried out demonstration landings on Okinawa 19 April , then returned to Ie Shima the following day with reinforcements , carrying casualties back to Okinawa . On 26 April Drew sailed for Ulithi and a brief overhaul . Returning to San Francisco 14 June 1945 " Drew " carried soldiers from the U . S . West Coast to Manus and after the end of the war , made two voyages to Japan , carrying occupation troops out , and returning veterans to the United States until her arrival at Tacoma , Washington , 16 December 1945 . Post - war decommissioning . " Drew " was placed out of commission 10 May 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 19 May 1946 . Military awards and honors . " Drew " received one battle star for World War II service at Okinawa .
Toys for Tots Toys for Tots is a program run by the United States Marine Corps Reserve which distributes toy s to children whose parents cannot afford to buy them gifts for Christmas . The program was founded in 1947 by reservist Major Bill Hendricks . The Marine Toys for Tots Foundation , a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not - for - profit public charity located in Triangle , Virginia , serves to fund , raise funds for , and support the program . History . Toys for Tots began as a Los Angeles charitable effort in 1947 . William Hendricks was inspired by his wife Diane when she tried to donate a homemade Raggedy Ann doll to a needy child but could find no organization to do so . At her suggestion he gathered a group of local Marine reservists , including Lieutenant Colonel John Hampton , who coordinated and collected some 5 , 000 toys for local children that year from collection bins placed outside of Warner Bros . movie theaters . Their efforts were so successful that , in 1948 , Toys for Tots was launched as a national campaign . Hendricks used his position as director of Public Relations for Warner Brothers Studio to enlist celebrity support , as well as have Walt Disney Studios design the red toy train logo . Until 1979 , Marine reservists ( frequently in their dress blue uniforms ) and volunteers would collect and refurbish used toys . In 1980 , only new toys were accepted , as reservists were no longer able to dedicate drill hours to refurbish toys , as well as legal concerns and the mixed message of giving hand - me - downs as a message of hope . In 1991 , the Secretary of Defense authorized the creation and affiliation with the non - profit charity foundation . In 1995 , the Secretary of Defense approved Toys for Tots as an official mission of the Marine Corps Reserve . Noting in 1996 that many communities did not have a Marine reservist presence , the commander of Marine Forces Reserve authorized Marine Corps League detachments and other local organizations to fill the gaps in toy collection and distribution . In 2009 , the program received support from Michelle Obama , who placed the first collection box at the White House . As of 2009 , the Toys for Tots Program and Foundation have collected and distributed almost five hundred million toys . In December 2011 , First Lady Michelle Obama took part in a Toys for Tots activity at Joint Base Anacostia - Bolling . Mission . The mission of the program " is to collect new , unwrapped toys during October , November and December each year , and distribute those toys as Christmas gifts to needy children in the community in which the campaign is conducted . " The stated goal is to " deliver , through a new toy at Christmas , a message of hope to less fortunate youngsters that will assist them in becoming responsible , productive , patriotic citizens . "
2nd Mechanized Infantry Division ( Greece ) The 2nd Mechanized Infantry Division is a division of the Hellenic Army . It was founded in 1897 as the 2nd Division ( Β ' Μεραρχία , later ΙΙ Μεραρχία ) , based at Athens . In 1998 , the division was directly subordinate to the ' B ' Army Corps . It comprised the 33rd and 34th Brigades , both mechanised . Both were equipped with M - 113s and Leopard MBTs .
George Cholmondeley , 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley George Cholmondeley , 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley KB , PC ( 2 January 1703 – 10 June 1770 ) , styled as Viscount Malpas from 1725 to 1733 , was a British peer and Whig politician . Life . Cholmondeley was the son of George Cholmondeley , 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley , and Elizabeth van Ruyterburgh ( or Ruttenburg ) . He was elected to the House of Commons for East Looe in 1724 , a seat he held until 1727 , and then represented Windsor between 1727 and 1733 , when he succeeded his father as third Earl of Cholmondeley and entered the House of Lords . He held office under his father - in - law Sir Robert Walpole as a Lord of the Admiralty from 1727 to 1729 , as a Lord of the Treasury from 1735 to 1736 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1736 to 1743 ( from 1742 to 1743 under the premiership of The Earl of Wilmington ) . From 1743 to 1744 he also served as Lord Privy Seal under Henry Pelham and was Joint Vice Treasurer of Ireland between 1744 and 1757 . In 1736 he was admitted to the Privy Council . Apart from his political career Lord Cholmondeley was also Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and South Wales ( less Denbighshire ) from 1733 to 1760 . He was also involved in the charitable effort to create a home for foundlings in London , which was hoped would alleviate the problem of child abandonment . The home became known as the Foundling Hospital and Cholmondeley sat on its board as a founding Governor . Lord Cholmondeley married Lady Mary Walpole , daughter of Prime Minister Robert Walpole , 1st Earl of Orford , in 1723 . He died in June 1770 , aged 67 . His eldest son George Cholmondeley , Viscount Malpas , predeceased him and he was succeeded in his titles by his grandson George , who was created Marquess of Cholmondeley in 1815 . References . style
Harry Andree Harry Andree ( 2 October 1913 – 15 August 1944 ) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Harry Andree died on 15 August 1944 in a field hospital in Borzęcin , Poland .
Bezen Perrot The Bezen Perrot ( formerly Bezen Kadoudal ) was a Breton collaborationist force during the Nazi occupation of France that grew from the earlier " Lu Brezhon " militia . Led by Célestin Lainé and Alan Heusaff , as many as 70 to 80 people joined the ranks of the Bezen Perrot , or " Perrot Unit " , at one point or another . They fought under German uniform and command , as the " Bretonische Waffenverband der SS " . Before the war Lainé had created the organization Gwenn ha du as a Breton nationalist direct action unit modelled on the IRA . The activists behind this were defined as members of a group called " Service Spécial " . This unit had formed the basis of an elite militant group affiliated to the nationalist militia Bagadou Stourm . In the later stages of World War II Lainé decided to separate from Bagadoù Stourm and integrate with the SS in the face of the assassination of several leading figures of the Breton cultural movement . One of those assassinated was priest and Breton language defender Abbé Perrot , killed by the French Resistance . The militia had originally been named " Bezen Kadoudal " , after the anti - Jacobin Breton rebel Georges Cadoudal . The 1943 assassination of the priest prompted Lainé to change the organization ' s name in honor of Perrot during December of that year . It had already been envisaged by German strategists that in the event of Allied invasion the Breton nationalists would form a rearguard , and that further nationalist troops could be parachuted into Brittany . However , the rapid American advance from Normandy into Brittany forced the group to retreat along with the German army . In Tübingen many members were provided with false papers by Leo Weisgerber . Following the war many of the organization ' s members , including Lainé , Heusaff and the nationalist poet Fant Rozec fled to Ireland .
USS Normannia ( SP - 756 ) USS " Normannia " ( SP - 756 ) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918 . " Normannia " was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1912 by Fellows Boat Works at San Diego , California . On 10 July 1917 , the U . S . Navy acquired her under a free lease from her owner , F . Thum of Pasadena , California , for use as a section patrol boat during World War I . She was commissioned the same day as USS " Normannia " ( SP - 756 ) . Assigned to the 12th Naval District and based at San Francisco , California , " Normannia " operated on patrol duty for the rest of World War I , guarding the harbor entrance , protecting the coast between San Francisco and San Diego , and putting to sea for special duty on 13 August 1917 . She is known to have alternated between guard and patrol duty at San Diego ca . December 1917 , rotating with the patrol boats , , , and occasionally . The Navy returned " Normannia " to Thum on 23 December 1918 .
Franz Josef Krombholz Franz - Josef Krombholz ( 13 August 1920 — 13 December 2000 ) was a Hauptsturmführer ( Captain ) in the Waffen - SS during World War II . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II . Franz Josef Krombholz was born on the 13 August 1920 , in Horní Police in Czechoslovakia . He volunteered to join the SS - VT and served in the 7th SS Gebirgs Division " Prinz Eugen " He was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class in July 1941 followed by the Iron Cross 1st class in November 1941 . He then took over command of the II . Battalion , 14th SS Gebirgs Regiment , 7th SS Gebirgs Division " Prinz Eugen " in November 1943 . It was while in command of the III . Battalion that he was awarded the German Cross in Gold in April 1944 . He was transferred to command the III . Battalion , 14th SS Gebirgs Regiment in October 1944 and was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in March 1945 , while fighting on the Balkan front . Franz Josef Krombholz survived the war and died on the 13 December 2000 .
James Davis ( VC ) James Davis VC ( February 1835 – 2 March 1893 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . His full name was James Davis Kelly , but he dropped Kelly when he enlisted Details . Davis was approximately 23 years old , and a private in the 42nd Regiment of Foot , later The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ) , British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 April 1858 during the attack on Fort Ruhya , India for which he was awarded the VC . His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum , London .
Thomas Davidson ( naval architect ) Thomas Davidson ( 28 August 1828 – 18 February 1874 ) was a naval constructor for the United States Navy . Biography . Davidson was born in Nottingham , England . He came to the United States at the age of four , with his parents , who settled in Philadelphia . He early developed a talent for mechanical invention and construction , in consequence of which he was apprenticed to the trade of ship building with Matthew Van Dusen , at the same time studying mathematics with his brother George . His capabilities soon attracted the attention of John Lenthall , then chief constructor of the U . S . Navy . In 1850 , at 22 years of age , he built his first vessel “ from the stumps ” on the banks of the James River , and soon afterward entered into business in Philadelphia . In 1861 , he was appointed quartermaster over the ship carpenters in the Philadelphia Navy Yard , and in 1863 was promoted to assistant naval constructor . He attained the full grade in 1866 , with the relative rank of commander , which office he held until his death . At one time during the Civil War , he was conducting the repairs , at the Philadelphia Navy Yard , of 42 vessels , large and small , and also building several new ones . The “ Tuscarora , ” sister ship of the “ Kearsarge , ” was built under his direction in 58 working days , and the “ Miami ” in 27 days . But his greatest feat was the building , in 70 days , of the “ Juniata ” ( 1 , 240 tons , 7 guns ) from the frame of a Florida live - oak frigate that had been seasoned for 23 years . Davidson displayed his engineering abilities in the floating of the “ Monongahela , ” which had been driven inland on Santa Cruz Island during the earthquake of 18 November 1867 , and left stranded high . With a body of skilled men selected from the different navy yards , in a little over three months he succeeded in moving the ship sidewise to the water ' s edge , and thence for over a bed of coral to deep water . Subsequently , he was ordered on duty at the bureau of construction in Washington , and was busy with plans for developing a navy of armored vessels , torpedo boat s , and fast cruisers . The models and drawings for the first large torpedo boats built in New York were executed by him . He was about to be sent to Europe for an exhaustive study of foreign navies and navy yards , when his health failed . He died in Philadelphia , aged 45 .
Russian destroyer Leytenant Zatsarenni Leytenant Zatsarenni ( ) was an Imperial Russian Navy destroyer of the four - strong " Leitenant Shestakov " class ( named after Ivan Shestakov ( 1820 – 1888 ) ) . The " Zatsarenni " herself was named after a torpedo boat captain who had distinguished himself in the Russo - Turkish War of 1877 - 1878 . She was sunk on 30 June 1917 , when she ran onto a German naval mine that had been laid only days before by the German - Turkish cruiser SMS " Breslau " . The " Breslau " had laid seventy mines off the mouth of the Danube , followed by another ten off Fidonisi Island , which to the Germans was then known as " Schlangen Insel " ( Snake Island ) , off Sulina . The " Leytenant Zatsarenni " was rediscovered in July 2007 by Russian divers .
Atlas V ( tugboat ) The Atlas V ( Atlas 5 ) was a Belgian tug boat which was armed by resistance forces under the command of Jules Hentjens during the First World War . On the night of 3 and 4 January 1917 , the boat arrived in The Netherlands with 107 people aboard , from Liege , Belgium , which was occupied by German troops . Context . Belgium had been invaded in August 1914 by German troops , and Liege , except for the strengthened belt of Liege , was taken following this . Only the North - West of the country was still under Belgian rule , and under command of King Albert . Many Belgians sought to join the still active Belgian army . Others attempted to escape the country . For the inhabitants of Liège , this was generally done via Maastricht , in the Netherlands , who were neutral . The city was only 30 kilometres from the Dutch border . Specifications . Some of the technical specifications include : Escape . The " Atlas V " arrived at about midnight , at the beginning of Coronmeuse , on the left bank in the north of the city . It was carried by the current , passing through the populated localities of Herstal and Jupille without encumberment . The boat was discovered only near Argenteau / Hermalle - under - Argenteau , and attacked by a car - boat . This sank in its wake . The " Atlas V " then proceeded at 45 km / h , and encountered heavy fire all along the river , lit by powerful lights . Later , the tug boat broke the railway bridge downstream of Visé , then tore off the electrified chain and wire which barred the river . It ran into a pontoon armed with machine - guns and escaped from intense fire . It approached the right bank of the Meuse at Eisden in the Netherlands ( opposite Ében - Émael ) around one in the morning , with the sound of Brabançonne and Belgian flag to the wind . The boat was recovered by its owner in Liege 4 days later . The family of Jules Hentjens , suspected of assisting in the escape , were arrested and given long prison sentences .
9th Division ( South Vietnam ) The 9th Division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam ( ARVN ) — the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975 — was part of the IV Corps that oversaw the southernmost region of South Vietnam , the Mekong Delta . The 9th Division was based in Can Tho , the largest city in the region .