naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
George A . Converse George Albert Converse ( 13 May 1844 – 29 March 1909 ) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy , who was noted for his contributions to naval engineering . He saw service in the Spanish - American War . Early life . Converse was born on 13 May 1844 in Norwich , Vermont , where he also attended Norwich University and was a member of Theta Chi Fraternity . Military career . Converse was appointed midshipman 29 November 1861 . He was a pioneer in the use of electricity on board men - of - war , in experimentation with and introduction of smokeless powder in the Navy , and in development of torpedo boat s . In command of " Montgomery " ( C - 9 ) from 1897 to 1899 he took an active part in operations off the coast of Cuba with Admiral William T . Sampson ' s squadron during the Spanish - American War . Commanding officer of USS Illinois ( BB - 7 ) from her commissioning in 1901 to 1903 . From 1903 to 1906 he served successively as Chief of the Bureaus of Equipment , Ordnance , and Navigation , continuing as Chief of the latter Bureau for a year after his retirement in 1906 . He died in Washington , D . C . , 29 March 1909 . Namesake . Two destroyer s have been named USS " Converse " in his honor .
Commandant Staff Badge The Commandant Staff Badge is a decoration of the United States Coast Guard which has been in existence since the 1960s . The badge is permanently awarded to any member of the Coast Guard who serves on the full - time staff of the Commanding Admiral and Commandant of the Coast Guard .
Arcadia Conference The First Washington Conference , also known as the Arcadia Conference ( ARCADIA was the code name used for the conference ) , was held in Washington , from December 22 , 1941 to January 14 , 1942 . It brought together the top British and American military leaders in Washington , December 22 , 1941 , to January 14 , 1942 . Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt and their aides had very candid conversations that led to a series of major decisions that shape the war effort in 1942 - 1943 . The decision was made to invade North Africa in 1942 , to send American bombers to bases in England , and for the British to strengthen their forces in the Pacific . The Conference established the Combined Chiefs of Staff , headquartered in Washington , which approved and finalized all military decisions . It also created a unified American - British - Dutch - Australian Command ( ABDA ) in the Far East ; it fared poorly . Finally the conference drafted the Declaration by the United Nations , which committed the Allies to make no separate peace with the enemy , and to employ full resources until victory . Arcadia was the first meeting on military strategy between Britain and the United States ; it came two weeks after the American entry into World War II . The Arcadia Conference also had a wider international diplomatic and political aspect concerning the terms of the post - war world , which followed from the Atlantic Charter , agreed between Churchill and Roosevelt in August 1941 . On January 1 , 1942 , 26 governments attending the conference agreed to the Declaration by United Nations . Although Roosevelt was under some domestic pressure to concentrate the United States war effort on Japan because of its attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , Germany ' s declaration of war made this decision more politically acceptable to opinion in the United States than it would otherwise have been . With these developments , the United States government agreed that to win the war , the prime objective was the defeat of Nazi Germany . This was termed the Europe first strategy . It was also agreed at the conference to combine military resources under one command in the European Theater of Operations ( ETO ) .
E . K . Gauzen E . K . Gauzen was a Russia n naval technician . Working in the Russian naval base at Kronshtadt near Saint Petersburg , in 1829 he invented a " diving machine " . This was a type of diving costume that consisted of air - supplied metallic helmet and leather suit . Gauzen ' s invention was used by the Russian Navy for underwater work until 1880 .
USCGC Forward ( WMEC - 911 ) USCGC " Forward " ( WMEC - 911 ) is a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter . Named for Walter Forward , fifteenth United States Secretary of the Treasury , she was constructed by Robert Derecktor Shipyard Incorporated , Middletown , Rhode Island was delivered in May 1989 , and commissioned 4 August 1990 . USCGC " Forward " ( WMEC - 911 ) and USCGC " Legare " ( WMEC - 912 ) were commissioned in a joint ceremony in Portsmouth , VA . On 12 January 2010 , the " Forward " was at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base when the 2010 Haiti earthquake occurred . She was ordered to assist in the humanitarian relief efforts , and was the first American vessel to arrive in Port - au - Prince the following morning . Commanding Officer : CDR Mike Stewart . Executive Officer : LCDR Matt Carter .
2005 in Afghanistan " See also " : 2004 in Afghanistan , 2006 in Afghanistan and Timeline of the War in Afghanistan ( 2001 - present ) . February . In February 2005 , U . S . Senator John McCain called for the establishment of permanent U . S . military bases in Afghanistan , saying such bases would be " for the good of the American people , because of the long - term security interests we have in the region " . He made the remarks while visiting Afghan President Hamid Karzai in Kabul as part of a five - member , bi - partisan Senate delegation travelling through the region for talks on security issues . The same delegation also included then - Senator Hillary Clinton , now U . S . Secretary of State . March . In mid - March 2005 , U . S . Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman General Richard Myers told reporters in Kabul that the U . S . Defense Department was studying the feasibility of such permanent military bases . At the end of March , the U . S . military announced that it was spending $ 83 - million on its two main air bases in Afghanistan , Bagram Air Base north of Kabul and Kandahar Air Field in the south of the country . April . In April 2005 , during a surprise visit to Kabul by U . S . Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld , Afghan President Hamid Karzai hinted at a possible permanent U . S . military presence in Afghanistan , saying he had also discussed the matter with President Bush . Rumsfeld refused to say whether the U . S . wanted permanent American military bases in Afghanistan , saying the final decision would come from the White House . May . In May 2005 , riots and protests that had started over a false report in Newsweek of U . S . interrogators desecrating the Koran and turned into the biggest anti - U . S . protests in Afghanistan since the 2001 invasion included demands that the Kabul government reject U . S . intentions to create a permanent military presence in Afghanistan .
Battle of Arpachai The Battle of Arpachai was a battle on 18 June 1807 on the Akhurian River in Armenia during the Russo - Turkish War ( 1806 – 1812 ) . It was fought between a 7 , 000 - man Russian force under Count Gudovich and more than 20 , 000 Ottoman force under Yusuf Pasha . The offensive was repelled by Russian forces .
Battle of Gaoping The Battle of Gaoping was a hard - fought battle in spring 954 during ancient China ' s Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . In this battle , the Later Zhou Dynasty resisted incursions by joint Shatuo - ruled Northern Han and Khitan - ruled Liao Dynasty forces in Gaoping , near Luzhou ( 潞州 ; today ' s Changzhi , Shanxi ) . The Later Zhou emperor Chai Rong had just been in power for a few weeks and personally led the resistance troops . Meanwhile , the Northern Han emperor Liu Chong , who harbored hatred against Later Zhou since his son Liu Yun ( 劉贇 ) died at the hands of Chai ' s predecessor Guo Wei , also came to the front line in person . He delegated his general Zhang Yuanhui ( 張元徽 ) and the Liao general Yang Gun ( 楊袞 ) to lead two troops to frank his main army . The unified northern army were initially victorious as the Later Zhou general Fan Aineng fled the battleground , resulting in the surrender of thousands of his soldiers . However , Chai bravely challenged great danger , including arrows and stones , in the front line , which encouraged soldiers around him . Eventually the Later Zhou army came back to steal the victory , even killing Zhang Yuanhui . With Chai Rong in hot pursuit , Liu Chong retreated back to the Northern Han capital Taiyuan . After laying siege to Taiyuan for 2 months , Later Zhou troops retreated . Liu died soon afterwards . In the Later Zhou ranks , Fan Aineng , He Hui ( 何徽 ) and 70 other officers were executed for desertion , while general Zhao Kuangyin , who greatly distinguished himself in this battle , was promoted to a marquis position and became one of the most trusted generals of Chai Rong ' s . The fast ascension of Zhao paved the way for him to found the Song Dynasty 6 years later .
1st Kentucky Infantry The 1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It was the only Kentucky regiment in the Confederate service to serve in the Army of Northern Virginia . Service . The 1st Kentucky Infantry was organized in August 1861 , by consolidation of two battalions of Kentucky infantry . One battalion was under the command of Blanton Duncan and the other was under the command of Thomas H . Taylor . The regiment had eleven companies of 800 men . The two battalions arrived in Virginia before the First Battle of Bull Run . Taylor was promoted to command of the regiment as colonel on August 7 , 1861 . The regiment was assigned to a brigade under the command of J . E . B . Stuart and participated in the Battle of Dranesville . In mid - 1862 , the regiment was ordered to Richmond , Virginia and later participated in the Battle of Yorktown . Following the battle , the 1st Kentucky Infantry was ordered back to Richmond where it remained until its twelve - month enlistment expired . The men were mustered out of service on March 13 and 14 , 1862 .
Dobrynin VD - 4K The Dobrynin VD - 4K was a Soviet six - bank , 24 - cylinder , turbo - compound , inline engine developed after the end of World War II . It was superseded by turboprop engines before it could be widely used . Development . The VD - 4K , originally designated as the M - 253K , was a development of the post - war VD - 3TK ( M - 251K ) engine . Like Nazi Germany ' s experimental Junkers Jumo 222 multibank wartime engine , the VD - 4K had six monobloc banks , each with four liquid - cooled cylinders . Three blow - down exhaust , also known as power - recovery , turbines were fitted between the cylinder banks , and a geared centrifugal supercharger and a turbocharger were fitted to the engine itself , which made the VD - 4K a turbo - compound engine . Development began in January 1949 and construction of the prototype began in September of that year . The first engine was completed in January 1950 and it underwent its 100 - hour tests in June . It successfully passed its State acceptance tests in January – February 1951 . It was evaluated aboard a Tupolev Tu - 4 bomber in 1950 . It was most notably fitted to the two prototypes of the Tupolev Tu - 85 bomber , but the aircraft , and its engines , was not placed into production because of the promise offered by turboprop engines of immensely more power , like the Kuznetsov NK - 12 used on the Tupolev Tu - 95 strategic bomber .
Redford Henry Mulock Colonel Redford Henry Mulock was the first Canadian flying ace of World War I and the first in the Royal Naval Air Service , as well as the highest ranking ace . He was credited with five aerial victories . Mulock joined the Canadian Field Artillery in 1911 . He served with them until early 1915 . After transferring to the Royal Naval Air Service and undergoing pilot training , he was posted to 1 Wing . Although he first saw combat in July 1915 , he did not score his first win until 30 December . He then scored on 24 and 26 January 1916 , and twice on 21 May 1916 . Four of the victories were of the " out of control " variety ; the other was " forced to land " . Mulock received a Distinguished Service Order on 22 June 1916 . In 1917 , he was promoted to command of 3 Squadron ; in September , he was awarded the French Croix de Guerre . A Bar to his DSO followed in early 1918 , along with a promotion to Wing Commander . After the war , Mulock served with the Royal Canadian Air Force , rising to the rank of Air Commodore by 1935 . He then left the military and joined Canadian Airways . References . " Above the Trenches : a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 - 1920 . " Christopher F . Shores , Norman L . R . Franks , Russell Guest . Grub Street , 1990 . ISBN 0 - 948817 - 19 - 4 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 948817 - 19 - 9 . " Shorty - An Aviation Pioneer : The Story of Victor John Hatton . " James Glassco Henderson . Trafford Publishing 2004 . ISBN 1 - 4120 - 3897 - 9 . " Courage in the Air . Arthur Bishop . " McGraw - Hill Ryerson Ltd . 1992 . ISBN 0 - 07 - 551376 - 5 .
Berezin UB Berezin UB ( УБ - Универсальный Березина , Universalni Berezina , Berezin ' s Universal ) was a 12 . 7 mm caliber Soviet aircraft machine gun widely used during World War II . Development . In 1937 , Mikhail Yevgenyevich Berezin began designing a new large - caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12 . 7 mm round used by infantry machine guns . The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation BS ( Березин Синхронный , Berezin Sinkhronniy , Berezin Synchronized ) . The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft . While a successful design , BS was not without its faults , the biggest being its cable - operated charging which required considerable physical strength . Continued development resulted in the improved UB which came in three versions : UBK ( Kрыльевой , Krylyevoi , for the wings ) , UBS ( Синхронный , Sinkhronniy , Synchronized ) , and UBT ( Турельный , Turelniy , for the turret ) , with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air . The UB was accepted into service on April 22 , 1941 , just two months before the start of the German - Soviet War . Description . The Berezin UB is a gas - operated air - cooled machine gun chambered to the Soviet 12 . 7 x 108 mm infantry machine gun round . Ammunition is supplied via a disintegrating link belt with a unique system in which each new round helps to extract the spent cartridge . Another unusual feature is that the belt is advanced during the return of the moving portion of the gun and not during the recoil . Turret installations were charged manually , while wing and synchronized versions utilized pneumatic charging . The UB in all variants was used by the vast majority of Soviet military aircraft of World War II . A declassified 1952 US intelligence report notes that : " The Shkas was a comparatively intricate and well finished gun , the cost of which necessitated that it be kept in operating condition as long as possible by repair and replacement of parts . In contrast to the Shkas , the Beresin was deliberately expendable , that is , the Soviets ' plan was to discard the entire gun after a short period of use during which one or another of the principal operating mechanisms became worn or broken . " The same report notes that : " The design of the Beresin machine gun was greatly influenced by a captured Lahti 20 - mm machine cannon ; many features of the Finnish gun appear in all models of the Beresin . " Production . The following production numbers could be found in the Soviet archives : Influences . The Volkov - Yartsev VYa - 23 used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism . Related content . Related developments : Similar weapons :
Amur Front The Amur Front of the Far Eastern Republic ( ) was a front of the People ' s Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic during the Russian Civil War in Transbaikal . It was created on April 22 , 1920 on base of the partisan formations of the Eastern Transbaikal Front . Its operative area consisted of the following towns : Nerchinsk , Nerchinsky Zavod , Sretensk , Blagoveshchensk , Onon , and Khabarovsk . The Amur Front ' s headquarters was in Blagoveshchensk . The Amur Front ' s achievements . The troops of the Front repelled successfully the 1920 spring attack of Grigory Semyonov ' s White Cossacks and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps . The objectives of the attack were an attempt of creating the " Black Buffer " from Chita to Primorye and prevention of establishment of the Far Eastern Republic . After signing the Gongota Agreement between the Government of the Far Eastern Republic and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps , military confrontations in Transbaikal between the People ' s Revolutionary Army and the Japanese were over and the Amur Front launched the final operation of taking Chita on October 1 , 1920 . Chita was taken on October 22 , 1920 and the rest of Grigory Semyonov ' s troops had been expelled from Transbaikal by November 1 , 1920 . At that time the Amur Front included 38 , 000 personnel , 60 field guns , 191 machine guns , 6 armored trains , 10 tanks . On November 24 , 1920 the Amur Front was reorganized into the 2nd Amur Army .
USS Metomkin ( AG - 136 ) USS " Metomkin " ( AG - 136 / AKL - 7 ) was a " Camano " - class cargo ship constructed for the U . S . Army as USA " FS - 316 " shortly before the end of World War II and later acquired by the U . S . Navy in 1947 . She was configured as a transport and cargo ship and was assigned to serve the World War II Trust Territories in the Pacific Ocean . Constructed in Camden , New Jersey . The first ship to be so named by the Navy , " Metomkin " ( AG 136 ) was built by John A . Mathis Co . , Camden , New Jersey , in 1944 ; operated by the Army as a freight supply ship in the Pacific Ocean during and after World War II ; acquired by the Navy as " FS - 316 " at Subic Bay , Luzon , 28 February 1947 ; renamed " Metomkin " 3 April 1947 ; and commissioned at Apra , Guam , 16 August 1947 , Lt . ( jg . ) W . O . Ball in command . Pacific islands operations . Following completion of conversion for Navy use , " Metomkin " began passenger and cargo shuttle duty in the central and western Pacific . Assigned to the Service Force , Pacific Fleet , she made runs to American bases in the Mariana Islands , the Marshall Islands , and the Caroline Islands . Operating out of Apra Harbor , she completed numerous runs from the Palau Islands eastward to Pearl Harbor , and during the next 4 years she maintained a busy schedule while transporting military and civilian passengers as well as tons of general cargo . On 31 March 1949 she reclassified as " AKL - 7 " . " Metomkin " continued her important logistics support duty to military bases in the Pacific until 22 June 1951 when she completed her final run from the Carolines . Transfer to Department of Interior . She decommissioned at Guam 3 August 1951 and was transferred the same day to the U . S . Department of Interior . Her name was struck from the Navy List 16 January 1952 . Her subsequent fate is not known .
Assault boat An Assault Boat is a boat utilized by combat soldiers for making a landing as part of combat operations , and which is paddled and is light enough to be carried by several men , or else is fitted with an outboard motor for hi - speed operation and may not be man portable . WWII . The American Storm boat was an 8 man ( 6 + 2 crew ) hi speed Assault Boat with a 55 HP Outboard Motor , designed to beach at speed , thus allowing the soldiers on board to " Storm the Shore " . Overview of the differences between British and American Storm and Assault Boats : Section 8 . Comparison of River Crossing Equipment , From the Engineer chapter of A Military Encyclopedia Based on Operations in the Italian Campaigns , 1943 - 1945 1 . Assault Boats : 2 . Storm Boats :
Curtiss XF14C The Curtiss XF14C was a 1940s United States naval fighter aircraft . It was developed by the Curtiss - Wright Corporation in response to a request by the United States Navy in 1941 to produce a new shipboard high - performance fighter aircraft . Design and development . In 1941 the US Navy requested a better - performing carrier - based fighter plane , to be powered by the XH - 2470 liquid - cooled engine . This was an unusual step for the Navy , which had been adamant to that time that all its aircraft use air - cooled radial engines . On June 30 , 1941 a contract for two prototype aircraft , designated the XF14C - 1 , was awarded to the Curtiss - Wright company . On the same date prototype development contracts were also awarded to Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation for the single - engine XF6F - 1 and the twin engine XF7F - 1 ( which would use air - cooled radial engines ) . Early in the development the Navy requested better altitude performance and , in view of unsatisfactory progress in the development of the XH - 2470 engine , Curtiss adapted the design of the aircraft around the new turbocharged Wright R - 3350 Duplex - Cyclone air - cooled radial engine . The aircraft equipped with this eighteen - cylinder twin - row radial air - cooled engine and three bladed contra - rotating propellers was designated the XF14C - 2 . The XF14C - 1 was canceled . Also , looking at the problems of operation at altitudes of about 40 , 000 feet ( 12 , 000 m ) , the Navy also initiated work on a third version with a pressurized cockpit designated the XF14C - 3 . Ultimately , only the XF14C - 2 prototype was completed , flying for the first time in July 1944 . Moreover , disappointment with performance estimates and delays with the availability of the XR - 3350 - 16 engine coupled with the evaporating tactical need for an extremely high - altitude fighter led to cancellation of the development .
Santisima Trinidad ( Taiwan ) Santisima Trinidad was a location on the northeast coast of Taiwan at Keelung , where in 1626 the Spanish established a settlement and built Fort San Salvador , which they occupied until 1642 when they were driven out by the Dutch . The Dutch re - shaped the Spanish fort , reduced its size and renamed it Fort Noort - Holland . In 1661 , when Koxinga , a Ming China loyalist , with 400 warships and 25 , 000 men laid siege to the main Dutch fortress ( Zeelandia in Anping ) , defended by 2 , 000 Dutch soldiers , the Dutch left their fort in Keelung , when it became clear that no reinforcements were forthcoming from Zeelandia or Batavia ( present day Jakarta , Indonesia ) . In 1663 , the Dutch returned to Keelung , retook the fort , strengthened and enlarged it and kept it until 1668 , when they voluntarily gave it up , as the trade in Keelung was not what they expected it to be .