naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Voitenko compressor The Voitenko compressor is a shaped charge adapted from its original purpose of piercing thick steel armour to the task of accelerating shock waves . It was proposed by a Russia n scientist in 1965 . It slightly resembles a wind tunnel . The Voitenko compressor initially separates a test gas from a shaped charge with a malleable steel plate . When the shaped charge detonates , most of its energy is focused on the steel plate , driving it forward and pushing the test gas ahead of it . Ames translated this idea into a self - destroying shock tube . A shaped charge accelerated the gas in a 3 - cm glass - walled tube 2 meters in length . The velocity of the resulting shock wave was a phenomenal . The apparatus exposed to the detonation was , of course , completely destroyed , but not before useful data were extracted . In a typical Voitenko compressor , a shaped charge accelerates hydrogen gas which in turn accelerates a thin disk up to about 40 km / s . A slight modification to the Voitenko compressor concept is a super - compressed detonation , a device that uses a compressible liquid or solid fuel in the steel compression chamber instead of a traditional gas mixture . A further extension of this technology is the explosive diamond anvil cell , utilizing multiple opposed shaped charge jets projected at a single steel encapsulated fuel , such as hydrogen . The fuels used in these devices , along with the secondary combustion reactions and long blast impulse , produce similar conditions to those encountered in fuel - air and thermobaric explosives . This method of detonation produces over 100keV ( 10 ^ 9K ) of energy , suitable not only for nuclear fusion , but other higher order quantum reactions as well . The UTIAS explosive - driven - implosion facility was used to produce stable , centered and focused hemispherical implosions to generate neutrons from D - D reactions . The simplest and most direct method proved to be in a predetonated stoichiometric mixture of deuterium - oxygen . The other successful method was using a miniature Voitenko - type compressor , where a plane diaphragm was driven by the implosion wave into a secondary small spherical cavity that contained pure deuterium gas at one atmosphere . In brief , PETN solid explosive is used to form a hemispherical shell ( 3mm to 6mm thick ) in a 20 - cm diameter hemispherical cavity milled in a massive steel chamber . The remaining volume is filled with a stoichiometric mixture of ( H or D and O ) . This mixture is detonated by a very short thin exploding wire located at the geometric center . The arrival of the detonation wave at the spherical surface instantly and simultaneously fires the explosive liner . The detonation wave in the explosive liner hits the metal cavity , reflects , and implodes on the preheated burnt gases , focuses at the center of the hemisphere ( 50 microseconds after the initiation of the exploding wire ) and reflects , leaving behind a very small pocket ( 1mm ) of extremely high - temperature , high - pressure and high density plasma .
Information Operations Roadmap The Information Operations Roadmap is a document commissioned by the Pentagon in 2003 and declassified in January 2006 . The document was personally approved by former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , and describes the United States Military ' s approach to Information warfare , with an emphasis on the Internet . The operations described in the document include a wide range of military activities : Public affairs officers who brief journalists , psychological operations troops who try to manipulate the thoughts and beliefs of an enemy , computer network attack specialists who seek to destroy enemy networks , and a major disinformation project to plant false stories in any available news media .
Titus Sicinius Sabinus Titus Sicinius ( Sabinus ? ) A . K . A . - Titus Siccius ( Latin , " Publius Minucius Augurinus " ) was a Roman Republican politician , possibly of the Patrician branch of an otherwise Plebian gens Sicinius . during the beginning of the 5th century BC . He served as Consul of Rome in 487 BC , serving together with Gaius Aquillius Tuscus . Family Origins . The Sicinius gens has been traditionally known as a plebian family although it also had a singular Patrician branch of which it is likely Titus Sicinius belonged . He is the only member of his gens to ever rise to the office of Consul of Rome . Although no other members of this gens , almost all of whom were Plebian , rose to that high office , many were later to go on to become significant members in the Patrician - Plebian struggles that dominated the mid to late republican period . Biography . Titus Sicinius , together with his colleague Gaius Aquillius Tuscus launched a military offensive against the Volsci for which he is given a triumph for his victory , obtaining a triumph to commemorate their victories . He later participated in another campaign against the Hernici tribes , for which he won an ovation together with C . Aquilius Tuscus . Dionysius of Halicarnassus names Titus Sicinius as Titus Siccius . Titus Sicinius served later as a legate under the command of Marcus Fabius Vibulanus in 480 BC .
Mōri Yoshikatsu In 1560 , he participated in the Battle of Okehazama on Nobunaga ' s side and assisted Hattori Kazutada after he was injured . Later , he accompanied Nobunaga and his son Oda Nobutada to Kyoto and died with Nobutada during the Incident at Honnō - ji .
HMAS Lae ( L3035 ) HMAS " Lae " ( L3035 ) was a Landing Ship , Tank which was operated by the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . She was built by William Denny and Brothers at Dumbarton , Scotland during World War II and was launched on 24 October 1944 . She served with the Royal Navy as HMS " LST 3035 " until 1 July 1946 when she was transferred to the RAN and commissioned as HMAS " Lae " . She saw almost no service with the RAN , however , as she was placed in reserve later in 1946 and was not reactivated . HMAS " Lae " was sold for scrapping in Hong Kong on 9 November 1955 . " Lae " and the former HMAS " Labuan " left Sydney under tow for Hong Kong on 28 October 1956 carrying a load of scrap metal . On 3 November " Lae " ran aground on South Percy Island off the coast of Queensland and was abandoned after an attempt to recover her cargo failed .
8th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 8th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 8th Iowa Infantry was organized at Davenport , Iowa and mustered into Federal service between August 31 and September 4 , 1861 . The regiment was mustered out on April 20 , 1866 . Total strength and casualties . Total enrollment was 1589 . The regiment lost 4 officers and 98 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 4 officers and 170 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 276 fatalities . 228 were wounded .
1st Regiment Tennessee Heavy Artillery ( African Descent ) The 1st Regiment Tennessee Heavy Artillery ( African Descent ) was an artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery ( African Descent ) was organized at Memphis , Tennessee and mustered in for three years under the command of Colonel Ignatz G . Kappner . As was custom at the time , the regiment was designated the 1st Tennessee ( Colored ) Heavy Artillery . The regiment was initially recruited as eight companies , but actually mustered with twelve . The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade , 5th Division , District of Memphis , XVI Corps , Department of the Tennessee , to April 1864 . The 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery ( African Descent ) ceased to exist on March 11 , 1864 when its designation was changed to the 2nd United States Heavy Artillery Regiment ( Colored ) . The latter designation was changed again on April 26 , 1864 to 3rd United States Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment . Detailed service . During its brief existence , the regiment performed post and garrison duty at Memphis , and at Fort Pickering , Defenses of Memphis , June 1863 to April 1864 .
Louis Bowem Lawton Louis Bowem Lawton ( March 13 , 1872 – July 9 , 1949 ) was a United States Army officer during the Boxer Rebellion who earned the Medal of Honor for his actions at Tientsin , China on July 13 , 1900 . An 1893 graduate of West Point , Lawton was a 1st Lieutenant at Tientsin . He was awarded the Medal of Honor on March 11 , 1902 . He is buried in Auburn , New York . Medal of Honor citation . Carried a message and guided reinforcements across a wide , fireswept space despite being wounded three times .
List of inactive AFCON wings of the United States Air Force This is a list of inactive Wing s in the United States Air Force , focusing on AFCON ( HQ Air Force - controlled ) wings . Note : the 408th Strategic Fighter Wing was established on 23 March 1953 , but was never activated , but was subsequently activated as the 413th Fighter Wing in 1957 as part of Tactical Air Command .
Thomas Carleton Thomas Carleton ( c . 1735 – 2 February 1817 ) was a British army officer who was promoted to Colonel during the American Revolutionary War after relieving the siege of Quebec in 1776 . After the war , he was appointed as Lieutenant - Governor of New Brunswick , and supervised the resettlement of Loyalists from the United States in the province . He held this position until his death . Early life and education . Born in Strabane , Co . Tyrone , Ireland to Christoper Carleton and his wife Catherine Ball , he was the younger brother of Guy Carleton , 1st Baron Dorchester . As part of a military family , Thomas joined the British Army at a young age . Military career . In 1753 , he was an ensign in the 20th Regiment of Foot and saw action with his regiment during the Seven Years ' War . After the conclusion of the Seven Years War , Thomas Carleton served as an observer during the Russo - Turkish War of 1768 – 1774 . In 1776 during the American Revolutionary War , as a lieutenant colonel , he arrived in Quebec City with forces to relieve his brother , Sir Guy Carleton , the Governor General of Canada , who was besieged in the city by Continental Army troops . With the death of Lt . Col . Patrick Gordon on July 25 , 1776 , Col . Carleton was promoted to command the 29th Regiment of Foot . In 1777 , Thomas Carleton ' s nephew Christopher Carleton joined the 29th regiment as a major and served under his uncle ' s command for the rest of the war . Col . Thomas Carleton did not get along well with his new commander , Frederick Haldimand , who replaced Guy Carleton in 1778 as Governor General of Canada , serving until 1786 . Thomas Carleton returned to England . Political career . In 1786 , with his brother ' s recommendation , Col . Thomas Carleton was appointed as the first Lieutenant - Governor of New Brunswick . Here , he helped to re - settle the many Loyalist s leaving the United States . Carleton would serve as Governor of New Brunswick until his death on February 2 , 1817 . In 1805 he departed for England and administered from there , as he never returned to the province . Mount Carleton , the tallest mountain in New Brunswick , is named for him .
Worli Fort The Worli Fort ( Marathi : वरळी किल्ला ) is a fort built by the British in Worli , Mumbai , India . The fort , often mistakenly referred to as being built by the Portuguese , was actually built by the British around 1675 . The fort , built on the Worli hill , overlooked the Mahim Bay at a time the city was made up of just seven islands . It was used as a lookout for enemy ships and pirates . The upkeep of the fort has been impossible due to its inaccessibility , as the roads leading to it are completely blocked by illegal hutment s that have cropped up over the years , only to be overlooked by the local authorities for the sake of electoral gain and bribes paid for allowing illegal constructions . The fort is completely in ruins today and a slum has enveloped the edifice , making it a den for illegal activities like the brewing of illicit liquor within its confines . A bell tower peeps out of the ruins and the ramparts are used to dry clothes . Historians have often called for the protection of the area but their efforts have fallen on deaf ears . This in spite of an NGO claiming to have adopted the Worli Village , where the fort is located . This Fort was on the verge of collapse and total disintegration until a few years ago . Finally , citizen awareness of preserving Mumbai ' s historical edifices and petitions in the media resulted in Mumbai ' s politicians deciding to repair all old monuments and forts in the city . Worli Fort has undergone a total face - lift in 2008 / 2009 but in the process its ancient looks have totally disappeared , resembling more of a " Disneyland artificial fort " rather than an edifice over 300 years old . The " Bandra - Worli Sea Link " bridge named " Rajiv Gandhi Setu " was inaugurated by United Progressive Alliance Chairperson and Congress president Sonia Gandhi on Tuesday ( 30 - 6 - 2009 ) and can be viewed in its totality from the " Worli Fort " , a configuration of ancient and modern architectural marvels . Hope Worli fort gets some tourist attention after construction of the " Bandra - worli Sealink " as it provides a grand spectacle from the forts summit of the entire Mumbai bay . Strangely , this fort was totally neglected and crumbling , although situated in prime Mumbai with a fishing village that is unique to bustling populated Mumbai . One can visit the Worli fort by alighting at the Worli village BEST stand . The village is also known for the Golfadevi temple .
Ruslan Yamadayev Ruslan ( Khalid or Halid ) Bekmirzayevich Yamadayev ( ) ( 10 December 1961 – 24 September 2008 ) was a Chechen military leader and politician . A member of the high - profile Yamadayev clan , he was assassinated in Moscow in 2008 . Yamadayev was one of the Kremlin ' s most loyal allies . Biography . Ruslan Yamadayev belonged to the Gudermes - based Chechen Benoi teip . Along with his brothers Sulim Yamadayev and Dzhabrail Yamadayev , he fought against the Russian forces during the First Chechen War before turning to Russia ' s side in 1999 . For his struggle against the separatists in the Second Chechen War , Yamadayev was promoted to the rank of colonel and granted the title of Hero of the Russian Federation . From 2003 to 2007 , he was a deputy to the State Duma from Chechnya . In 2004 , he was nominated for the Chechen presidency . He and his brothers ran several businesses , including a car market , a construction company , and a concrete factory , in Chechnya . Death . On 24 September 2008 , Ruslan Yamadayev was assassinated on Smolenskaya Embankment in central Moscow near the Russian White House when returning from a meeting in the Kremlin . He was shot ten times while sitting in a car owned by his brother Sulim Yamadayev . Initially , it was reported the name of the victim as Sulim , which was corrected later . The other victim of the shooting , the former military commandant of Chechnya and retired Colonel General Sergei Kizyun , was hospitalized in grave condition . The Russian police has launched a criminal case on charges of murder and attempted murder . The pro - Moscow president of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov who had , in the months prior to the assassination , engaged in a bitter rivalry with the Yamadayevs Chechen president denies link to former Russian MP ' s assassination , " The Guardian " , 25 September 2008 < / ref > and suggested Yamadayev fell victim of a blood feud . Sulim Yamadayev also accused Kadyrov and promised to take revenge . He also denied the claims of Kadyrov , stating that his brother did not have any blood feud or business clashes that could have caused his assassination . Sulim himself was reported killed on 29 March 2009 in Dubai . In April 2009 , a court in Moscow convicted two Chechen of the assassination of Yamadayev . Aslanbek Dadayev , allegedly Yamadayev ' s murderer , was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment , and Elimpasha Khatsuev , allegedly drove the car , was sentenced to 15 years in prison .
Westheer The Westheer ( " " Western army " " ) was the German Army fighting on the Western front of World War II . The Oberbefehlshaber West was the command structure for the Westheer . History . It was composed of Army Group H , which was based in the Netherlands , and Army Group B under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel . It also included Army Group G , which was based in southern France . It was commanded by Gerd von Rundstedt at the time of Operation Overlord . Hitler ' s refusal to let it concentrate reserves for a quick strike at the Allied beachhead in Normandy was the first step towards its demise , which was facilitated by the destruction of the Falaise pocket , which consisted of Army Group B .
Hildegard Neumann Hildegard Neumann ( born 4 May 1919 ) was a chief overseer at several Nazi concentration , transition and detention camps during the last year of World War II . She was born in Deutsch Gabel , Czechoslovakia . Camp work . Neumann came to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in October 1944 , where she became an " Oberaufseherin " ( Chief Wardress ) soon after . Because of her good conduct , the Nazis sent her to the Theresienstadt concentration camp and ghetto in Czechoslovakia in November 1944 as Head Female Overseer . Neumann was known as a cruel female guard . It is claimed that she died in 2010 . She oversaw between ten and thirty female police and over 20 , 000 female Jewish prisoners . Neumann also aided in the deportation of more than 40 , 000 women and children from the camp to the Auschwitz and Bergen Belsen camps , where most were killed . The tasks of the female overseers in Theresienstadt was to guard women prisoners at work on " labour kommandos , " during transports to other camps , and in the ghetto itself . Most were cruel and abusive , especially Caecilia Rojko , who was nicknamed the " Prisoners ' Fright , " and Hildegard Mende , who gained the nickname " Beast " . Escape from prosecution . Neumann fled the camp in May 1945 , and was never prosecuted for war crimes , even though more than 100 , 000 Jews were deported from Theresienstadt and were murdered or died there , and 55 , 000 died in the camp itself .
Battle of Shawali Kowt The Battle of Shawali Kowt took place near the Arghandab River in Afghanistan during the Invasion of Afghanistan . On December 2 , 2001 , after a pitched street - by - street battle , the Green Berets and Afghan Freedom Fighters captured the town of Shawali Kowt , but could not gain control over a bridge over the Arghandab River , a gateway to the Taliban spiritual center of Kandahar . That night , the Taliban forces launched a major counterattack , triggering a retreat by the Afghans . Over the next eight hours , the American forces fought defended against the retreat . Air Force Sgt . Alex Yoshimoto , the combat controller , orchestrated numerous air strikes from a variety of fighters and bombers , thwarting the Taliban charge and forcing the enemy to retreat .
Frank Hale Captain Frank Lucien Hale was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories . He later accompanied Charles Lindbergh in a transcontinental flight . Early life and World War I service . Hale was native to Syracuse , New York , although he later lived in Arkansas . He dropped out of Fayetteville High School in Fayetteville , New York because of disciplinary problems . In 1914 , he joined D Troop , 4th Cavalry , New York National Guard . He served on the Mexican border during 1916 , with the Ambulance Corps . He was rejected by the U . S . air service , so he joined the Royal Flying Corps at Toronto in June 1917 . Between 25 August and 27 September 1918 , he used a Royal Aircraft Factory SE . 5 a to destroy four Fokker D . VII s and drive down three others out of control . Postwar . He remained in Germany as part of the Army of Occupation . He then came home to become general manager of Curtiss Flying Service . He accompanied Charles Lindberg on a transcontinental flight . In 1940 , he opened an auto dealership in Syracuse . As World War II loomed , Hale joined the U . S . Army Air Corps . By 1943 , he was in England serving with the 8th Air Force , but a heart condition invalided him out . He then went to work with the Bell Aircraft Corporation . He died of a heart attack on 7 June 1944 . Honors and awards . Distinguished Flying Cross ( DFC ) Lieut . Frank Lucien Hale . ( FRANCE ) A brilliant and very gallant officer who never hesitates to attack the enemy however superior in numbers . On 27 September , Lieut . Hale , single - handed , attacked a formation of ten Fokker biplanes who were manoeuvring to attack one of our bombing formations ; engaging one of the Fokkers , he drove it down out of control , and it was seen to break up in the air . By this gallant action the enemy were diverted from their objective . In the combat Lieut . Hale ' s machine and engine were badly damaged ; despite this , he , on his return journey , attacked a solitary Fokker and drove it down out of control . This officer has accounted for eight enemy aircraft . ( Supplement to the London Gazette , 8 February 1919 ) ( 31170 / 2040 ) References . " American Aces of World War 1 " Harry Dempsey . Osprey Publishing , 2001 . ISBN 1 - 84176 - 375 - 6 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 84176 - 375 - 0 .
4th Bombay Grenadiers The 4th Bombay Grenadiers were an infantry regiment of the pre - independence Indian Army , formed on 1 March 1922 as part of the reforms of the Indian Army that took place after the end of the First World War . Following this , the Regiment spent the next fifteen years serving in the British Somaliland protectorate in present - day northwestern Somalia , as well as in China and on the North - West Frontier . The 3rd , 4th and 5th Battalions were all disbanded and the 10th Battalion amalgamated with the 10th Battalion , Jat Regiment to form a Combined Training Centre at Bareilly . Following the Second World War they were one of the regiments allocated to the new Indian Army and renamed the The Grenadiers The regiment consisted of six battalions , all former regiments themselves . These were : Second World War . At the beginning of the Second World War there were only two battalions of the Regiment , the 1st and 2nd . This was soon changed , though , as a number of battalions were raised for wartime service , including : 3rd , 4th , 5th , 6th , 14th , 25th , 26th and 27th Battalions . The 10th ( Training Battalion ) was also de linked from the Jat Regiment . Some of these battalions were to be garrison or rear area troops only , while others went on to serve with distinction in a number of theatres during the war including the Middle East and Burma , notably during the Arakan campaigns and at Kohima . The 4th Grenadiers formed the motorised infantry element of the Indian Armoured and Tank brigades , distinguishing themselves as ' tank escort ' infantry protecting tanks against sniper attack in jungle conditions :
10th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 Month ) The 10th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( 3 months ) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army between April 20 , 1861 – July 29 , 1861 , during the American Civil War . Service . The infantry regiment was organized at Springfield , Illinois from the first companies reporting on April 20 , 1861 . They were ordered to Cairo , Illinois on April 22 where it became fully organized by an additional three companies , three artillery companies and mustered in for a three - month service by Captain John Pope , United States Army , on April 29 , 1861 . They were attached to Prentiss ' Brigade and placed on garrison duty at Cairo , Illinois until being mustered out on July 29 , 1861 . the regiment had lost four by disease .
HMS Woolwich ( 1749 ) HMS " Woolwich " was a 44 - gun fourth rate ship of the Royal Navy . She was built by Moody Janverin and John Darley at Bucklers Hard on the Beaulieu River in Hampshire , England and launched 7 March 1749 . She was sold on 30 December 1762 .